luprisca incuba is an extinct species of ostracod — a group related to crabs , shrimps and lobsters .

it was described as a new species in 2014 , following discovery and analysis of fossilised specimens in mudstone rocks from new york state , usa .

a team of researchers from the universities of yale and kansas , oxford and the japan agency of marine science and technology made the discovery .

luprisca incuba

luprisca incuba <EOT> the ostracod luprisca incuba , as imaged by x - ray and ct scans eggs and possible hatched young are in yellow .

a newly discovered fossil ostracod called luprisca incuba , showing limbs and eggs , from 450 - million - year old rocks in new york .

the scientific team — which included researchers from the universities of yale and kansas , oxford and the japan agency of marine science and technology — named the new species luprisca incuba after lucina , the goddess of childbirth , and incuba , indicating the mother was sitting , incubating , her eggs .

have shell , will travel . the pyritized luprisca incuba in all its glory with leg - like antennae on top and eggs on bottom . from siveter et al . , 2014 . click image for source .

image : have shell , will travel . the pyritized luprisca incuba in all its glory with leg - like antennae on top and eggs on bottom . from siveter et al . , 2014 . click for source .

the newly discovered species reported in the study was named luprisca incuba after lucina , the roman goddess of childbirth . the fossils are now part of the collection at the yale peabody museum of natural history , the researchers said .

an x - ray ct scan of fossilized luprisca incuba reveals 10 embryos and bivalved juveniles ( highlighted in yellow ) preserved inside her . legs are at right . fig . 2d from siveter et al . , 2014 . click image for source .

the scientists have named the ostracods luprisca incuba , after lucina , the goddess of childbirth in ancient rome . babusonas and those who insist that only doting bengali mothers are capable of delivering the highest levels of maternal care might have wished a different nomenclature .

but the squishy bits inside those countless ostracod shells rarely survived the fossilization process . in this case , by a miracle of geology , they did . the fossil at the top of this page and three others like it from beecher ' s were studied by a team of scientists from the united kingdom , japan , and the united states and their findings were published in current biology this month . they named the new species luprisca incuba .

a researcher at the university of kansas is part of a team to uncover strong evidence of brood - care parenting strategy in 450 - million - year - old crustaceans — the oldest verification of ovarian - to - juvenile brood care in the fossil record . the new species of ostracod exhibiting brood care , which the team named luprisca incuba , are held at yale’s peabody museum of natural history and were collected in central new york state .

even though brood care has been posed as an extended reproductive strategy across the crustacea and has evolved independently multiple times , fossil evidence of such behavioural repertoires is poorly known within the clade , and has only been unequivocally documented in two female myodocope ostracods , nymphatelina gravida and luprisca incuba , retaining eggs and possible juveniles in a brood space 37 , 38 ; and two comparatively modern miocene isopods 39 . the egg - brooding reproductive mode for ostracoda ( particularly myodocopes ) is coupled with morphological specializations such as a posteriorly inflated carapace , and is completely different from those specializations which enable the ventrally - suspended marsupium of peracarids .

however , not all details have remained unchanged . the external shell of l . incuba has none of the characteristic features of the living ostracod group it is believed to belong to , the myodocopida . even with organisms i rightly believe can be called " living fossils " , some things change , some remain the same .

the pyrite also preserves a few other tiny , stunning details of anatomy . remember those elegant , bristly antennae and that nubbly shell from the film ? well , 450 million years ago , it was thus . at left are the antennae and setae ( f ) and the shell texture ( g ) from l . incuba .

according to this team , the little fossils - - just 1 - 2 mm long - - are the only known invertebrate fossils that seem to indicate simultaneous brooding of eggs , embryos , and young . the fossils also indicate that this habit , maintained by some ostracods today , has persisted for at least 450 million years . most living ostracods lay their eggs outside their bodies , although a few living groups , including the one our fossil ostracod is believed to have belonged to , brood their embryos inside . the number and size of l . incuba ' s brood is similar to its modern descendants , and the overlap of eggs , embryos and the recently hatched is also known today .

scientists have uncovered a new fossil species preserved in a way that reveals how parents took care of their young 450 million years ago .

a team comprised of scientists from the u . s . , u . k . and japan discovered a new species of a fossil ostracod — a group related to crabs , shrimps and lobsters — in mudstone rocks from new york state .

ostracods are tiny crustaceans that live in lakes , ponds , rivers and oceans .

scientists used x - ray techniques to examine the fossils , which are preserved in pyrite .

what they discovered , the scientists said in the study published in the journal current biology , was a “nursery in the sea " in which the species were preserved incubating their eggs together with some eggs already hatched .

" this a very rare and exciting find from the fossil record , ” said david siveter , a professor of paleontology at the university of leicester in britain .

“only a handful of examples are known where eggs are fossilized and associated with the parent . this discovery tells us that these ancient tiny marine crustaceans took particular care of their brood in exactly the same way as their living relatives . "

researchers say their find marks what they say is the oldest evidence of a reproductive and child - care strategy of any species .

the newly unearthed fossils are only two to three millimetres long and are said to be “exceptionally well - preserved , ” complete with the shell and also the soft parts of the animal within the shell .

to encourage thoughtful and respectful conversations , first and last names will appear with each submission to cbc / radio - canada ' s online communities ( except in children and youth - oriented communities ) . pseudonyms will no longer be permitted .

by submitting a comment , you accept that cbc has the right to reproduce and publish that comment in whole or in part , in any manner cbc chooses . please note that cbc does not endorse the opinions expressed in comments . comments on this story are moderated according to our submission guidelines . comments are welcome while open . we reserve the right to close comments at any time .

audience relations , cbc p . o . box 500 station a toronto , on canada , m5w 1e6

it is a priority for cbc to create a website that is accessible to all canadians including people with visual , hearing , motor and cognitive challenges .

closed captioning and described video is available for many cbc - tv shows offered on cbc watch .

credit : siveter , david j . , tanaka , g . , farrell , c . ú . , martin , m . j . , siveter , derek j & briggs , d . e . g .

the oldest fossil evidence of animal " babysitting " now comes from 450 - million - year - old rocks in new york .

small marine animals called ostracods , a group of crustaceans that includes more than 20 , 000 species living today , were discovered buried with their eggs and young by a team led by researchers from the university of leicester in britain . the findings were published today ( march 13 ) in the journal current biology .

" this is a very rare and exciting find from the fossil record , " david siveter , lead study author and a geologist at the university of leicester , said in a statement . " only a handful of examples are known where eggs are fossilized and associated with the parent . this discovery tells us that these ancient , tiny marine crustaceans took particular care of their brood in exactly the same way as their living relatives . "

the ostracod specimens are among the rare fossils that preserve body tissues , such as limbs , embryos and other soft parts . these tissues have been replaced by the mineral pyrite , or fool ' s gold , but the mineralization means the researchers could closely examine the tiny fossils by x - ray and ct scanning .

the tiny fossils , each less than a quarter - inch ( 2 to 3 millimeters ) long , were collected from a rock layer called the lorraine group . composed of muddy seafloor sediments , the layers have also yielded other spectacular sea creatures from the ordovician period , such as spiky trilobites . researchers have uncovered older evidence of egg laying by animals , such as 600 - million - year - old fossil embryos from rocks in south china , but this is the first time that brooding has been discovered so far back in invertebrates .

email becky oskin or follow her @ beckyoskin . follow us @ livescience , facebook & google + . original article on live science .

becky oskin covers earth science , climate change and space , as well as general science topics . becky was a science reporter at live science and the pasadena star - news ; she has freelanced for new scientist and the american institute of physics . she earned a master ' s degree in geology from caltech , a bachelor ' s degree from washington state university , and a graduate certificate in science writing from the university of california , santa cruz .

once upon a time there lived a little crustacean inside a little shell . this is not a usual state of affairs for a crustacean . most are clad in figure - hugging armor ( like lobsters or crabs ) , but they don’t live inside clam - like shells .

once upon a time there lived a little crustacean inside a little shell . this is not a usual state of affairs for a crustacean . most are clad in figure - hugging armor ( like lobsters or crabs ) , but they don ' t live inside clam - like shells . this one was different . it had both armor and a hinged shell . inside her cozy little fortress , she lived together with her children . there were nearly a dozen , some hatched , some not . she had long front legs , which she may have used for hauling around her nursery / mobile home . together , they lived in the deep center of a quiet , soft - bottomed marine basin , near some nice trilobites called triarthrus . their days were all numbered .

one day , a great choking cloud of sediment plunged into the basin . it was a turbidity current - - an underwater landslide . it swept swiftly down like an avalanche , suffocating and burying everything in its path .

it wasn ' t a very happy ending for our heroine , an ostracod crustacean . but it was a very happy ending for paleontologists . the inhabitants of this underwater canyon were all to become part of the glittering beecher ' s trilobite bed in oneida county , new york . the animals entombed there , thanks to their rapid burial , empressment under heavy sediment , and some lucky chemistry , were exquisitely preserved in iron sulfide . you may remember this mineral from geology 101 as as pyrite , or perhaps by its more famous name : fool ' s gold .

fool ' s gold is the pale , pedestrian gold impersonator cursed by many a naive prospector . though the shiny mineral ordinarily has little value , against a drab , gray mudstone background , this pyrite preserved treasures beyond price . the golden fossils had by chance recorded the tiniest details of the trilobites ' soft parts , including antennae , legs , gills , and muscles . it also preserved the beautiful details of our little ostracod and her family , frozen in time together till the end of the earth .

fortunately for us and them , her relations survived for another 450 million years - - the majority of the time during which large multicellular life has existed on our planet - - through mass extinctions , asteroid impacts , glaciations , and eras where the earth went berserk with volcanism , and they are with us still today . here are a few showing off those long , segmented legs that you can see in the fossil above ( note both videos below have sound ) :

and here is another walking around and feeding in hd . note the knobby , painted shell and the graceful , brush - like antennae covered in hairs called setae ( see ' - tee ) :

today ostracods are abundant wherever water is found . as you saw , they have little shrimp - like bodies without clearly defined segments sandwiched between their bivalved shell , an appearance that has also inspired the name " seed shrimp " . the shell hinges on their backs . underneath , they may or may not have jointed legs for scuttling or swimming .

though they ' re abundant , they ' re still virtually unknown to humans , which may be because the whole organism is usually no bigger than a few millimeters long . in spite of their ubiquity both now and for the last half billion years , they don ' t even rate a mention in my dk big book of ocean , or even in their beautiful , fossil - filled prehistoric life , which is rather shocking considering that ostracod shells are " by far the most common arthropods in the fossil record . " i guess size does matter .

fig . 1 f and g from siveter et al . , 2014 . scale bar 500 micrometers in f , 75 micrometers in g . click image for source .

incredibly , the paper describing these new fossils notes that the arrangement of some of the structures on the first antenna is the same as that of the group of living ostracods they are hypothesized to have belonged to , " even down to the tiny ventral seta and two long distal setae . " that such details could remain unchanged over 450 million years is , in my opinion , mind - boggling .

we are beyond lucky to have fossils of such exquisite detail that we can make such pronouncements on the details of delicate shells and microscopically fine antennae . had any of us to have been around 450 million years ago to speculate on the fate of our little be - shelled ostracod and her brood , i ' m pretty sure that no one would have put money on our still being able to see her and her offspring today , much less count the hairs on her one of her compatriot ' s antennae . and yet . . .

the views expressed are those of the author ( s ) and are not necessarily those of scientific american .

jennifer frazer is a aaas science journalism award - winning science writer . she has degrees in biology , plant pathology / mycology , and science writing , and has spent many happy hours studying life in situ .

discover world - changing science . explore our digital archive back to 1845 , including articles by more than 150 nobel prize winners .

scientific american is part of springer nature , which owns or has commercial relations with thousands of scientific publications ( many of them can be found at urltoken ) . scientific american maintains a strict policy of editorial independence in reporting developments in science to our readers .

siveter , d . ; tanaka , g . ; farrell , ú . ; martin , m . ; siveter , d . ; briggs , d . ( 2014 ) . exceptionally preserved 450 - million - year - old ordovician ostracods with brood care . current biology . 24 ( 7 ) : 801 - 806 . , available online at urltoken [ details ] available for editors [ request ]

brandão , s . n . ; angel , m . v . ; karanovic , i . ; perrier , v . & meidla , t . ( 2018 ) . world ostracoda database .

siveter , tanaka , farrell , martin , siveter & briggs , 2014 † . accessed through : world register of marine species at : urltoken ; = 877093 on 2018 - 07 - 09

html public " - / / w3c / / dtd html 4 . 01 transitional / / en "

javascript is required to use this web site . please turn it on before proceeding .

full reference : d . j . siveter , g . tanaka , c . farrell , m . j . martin , d . j . siveter and d . e . g . briggs . 2014 . exceptionally preserved 450 - million - year - old ordovician ostracods with brood care . current biology 24 : 1 - 6

type specimen : ypm 307300 , a carapace ( whole body including brood chamber ) . its type locality is " beecher ' s trilobite bed , " utica shale , ny , which is in a caradoc marine shale in the utica shale formation of new york .

eol content is automatically assembled from many different content providers . as a result , from time to time you may find pages on eol that are confusing .

to request an improvement , please leave a comment on the page . thank you !

elon musk ' s plan to rescue trapped thai boys ? a kiddie submarine that looks like a coffin .

html public " - / / w3c / / dtd xhtml 1 . 0 transitional / / en " " urltoken "

. . . incredibly , the paper describing these new fossils notes that the arrangement of some of the structures on the first antenna is the same as that of the group of living ostracods they are hypothesized to have belonged to , “even down to the tiny ventral seta and two long distal setae . ” that such details could remain unchanged over 450 million years is , in my opinion , mind - boggling . . . .

reminder : june general meeting is on friday , june 8th , 2018 - dr . rex hanger from the university of wisconsin

new delhi , march 13 : long before humans , kangaroos or dinosaurs , there was mother’s love — and she wasn’t a doting bengali mom but a tiny shrimp - like creature .

scientists today announced their discovery of the earliest evidence for parental care in the fossils of small shrimp - like creatures that lived about 450 million years ago in a period that geologists call the ordovician era .

the fossils recovered from mudstone rocks in the state of new york in the us suggest that the creatures called ostracods carried their eggs and hatchlings around with them just as their descendants continue to do even today , the scientists have said .

“the mother kept the eggs and the hatchlings in brooding pouches within her body until the young ones were big enough to go out on their own , ” david siveter , professor of geology at the university of leceister in the uk who led the study , told the telegraph .

“this is somewhat similar to what we see in kangaroos , among other animals today , ” he said . a research paper by siveter and his colleagues describing the ostracod fossils was published today in the journal current biology .

ostracods are tiny — about one to two - millimetres in size — crustaceans , the relatives of shrimps and crabs , and thousands of species of ostracods are found in all types of aquatic environments : rivers , lakes , oceans , even garden ponds .

although these crustaceans are among the most abundant of fossil arthropods , their fossilised soft parts are exceedingly rare . the newly studied fossils are significant because their soft parts are well preserved .

the fossils suggest that ostracods carried eggs and hatchlings before releasing them into the water . “this tells us that this type of brood care has been around for 450 million years , ” derek briggs , professor of geology at yale university and team member , said .

scientists say the fossils provide a snapshot of biology of creatures from an ancient era which remain ubiquitous .

“brood pouches have been reported earlier , but this seems to be the earliest evidence of parental care in a group of creatures that exist even today , ” said ashu khosla , a palaeontologist at panjab university in chandigarh who was not associated with the new findings but has studied ostracods from a later geological period called the cretaceous era , from about 65 million years ago .

javascript is disabled on your browser . please enable javascript to use all the features on this page .

copyright © 2018 elsevier b . v . or its licensors or contributors . sciencedirect ® is a registered trademark of elsevier b . v .

popular : trivia , history , america , television , tv , usa , geography , cities , . . . more

the spice compound that gives curry dishes their yellow color and pungent flavor is emerging as a prime candidate for a less expensive treatment for alzheimer’s disease ( ad ) , according to an article in the current edition ofchemical & engineering news . c & en is the weekly newsmagazine of the american chemical society , the world’s largest scientific society .

lauren k . wolf , c & en associate editor , explains that pharmaceutical companies have invested heavily in developing new drugs for ad . more than 5 million people in the u . s . alone already have that memory - robbing disease . projections suggest that the number will rise to 16 million by 2050 . new medications are in the pipeline , but the most advanced candidates , made of monoclonal antibodies , are expensive to produce and may cost tens of thousands of dollars annually to treat each patient .

credit : wikipedia as a result , scientists are seeking less - pricey alternatives , such as substances that can be extracted in abundant amounts from plant compounds . one of the most promising is curcumin , a spice compound extracted from the rootstalks of the turmeric plant . the article details scientific evidence about curcumin’s potential and the hurdles that chemists must overcome to craft it into a drug . for instance , only tiny amounts of powdered curcumin taken by mouth get into the blood , let alone the brain .

turmeric has been used in india for over 2500 years and is a major part of the ayurvedic system of medicine . it was first used as a dye and then later for its medicinal properties . the etymology of the word " turmeric " probably comes from the early french " terre merite " via the latin " terra merita " , literally " deserving earth "

turmeric paste is traditionally used by indian women to keep them free of superfluous hair and as an antimicrobial . turmeric paste , as part of both home remedies and

, is also said to improve the skin and is touted as an anti - aging agent . turmeric figures prominently in the bridal beautification ceremonies of india , nepal , bangladesh , and pakistan . staining oneself with turmeric is believed to improve the skin tone and tan . turmeric is currently used in the formulation of some sunscreens .

credit : wikipedia the government of thailand is funding a project to extract and isolate tetrahydrocurcuminoids ( thc ) from turmeric . thcs are colorless compounds that might have antioxidant and skin - lightening properties , and might be used to treat skin inflammations , making these compounds useful in cosmetics formulations .

outstanding post , i think people should learn a lot from this web - blog its real user genial . so much good information on here . curcumin capsules 95 %

researchers have 3 - d printed food with customized texture and body absorption characteristics . imagine a home appliance that , at the push o . . .

mosquito season is around the corner , bringing with it a higher risk of catching potentially serious diseases transmitted by their bite . mo . . .

insurance fraud seems like it might be an easy thing to do . insurance companies are often so huge , one wonders how they might not even notic . . .

scientists demonstrated for the first time that horses integrate human facial expressions and voice tones to perceive human emotion , regard . . .

explosive volcanic eruptions that shot jets of hot ash , rock and gas skyward are the likely source of a mysterious martian rock formation , . . .

certain types of bacteria and viruses are readily ejected into the atmosphere when waves break while other taxa are less likely to be trans . . .

scientists may have solved a long - standing puzzle over why conditions on earth have remained stable enough for life to evolve over billions . . .

scientists have shown that at the anzick site in montana – the only known clovis burial site – the skeletal remains of a young child and th . . .

description : until 2014 , ostracods were only known from bivalved shells . due to the fact that a number of other arthropods possess such shell , this evidence was not definitive . with the discovery of these specimens showing soft tissue preservation , the record is now confirmed . not only are soft tissues such as limbs preserved , embryos and juveniles have been found , demonstrating that this ostracod exhibited brood care some 450 million years ago , just as do myodocope ostracods today . this one clearly shows the antennae and embryos within , a fine example of the first and as yet only fossil invertebrate that demonstrates such care . this is the only example i have to offer .

reference : current biology 24 , march 31 , 2014 , pp1 - 6 .

the sustainability tracking , assessment & rating system™ ( stars ) is a transparent , self - reporting framework for colleges and universities to measure their sustainability performance .

in order to complete the research inventory for faculty and staff participating in sustainability related research , individuals in the center for sustainability contacted the ku office of research , which provided an inventory of all registered research projects receiving outside funding - this was the best option to inventory current research - that were active during the reporting period of fy14 . center staff reviewed the list of 584 total projects and identified 226 projects that related to sustainability based on their descriptive titles and the principal investigator ' s recorded research areas . the inventory also identified the faculty researchers and departments for each project .

physicists at the university of kansas have fabricated an innovative substance from two different atomic sheets that interlock much like lego toy bricks . the researchers said the new material — made of a layer of graphene and a layer of tungsten disulfide — could be used in solar cells and flexible electronics .

every minute in the united states , power plants that generate electricity use nearly triple the amount of water that surges over niagara falls during that same time , according to the union of concerned scientists . in an era of drought and diminishing aquifers , freshwater sources are an ever - more - precious resource — and power plants’ use of freshwater has become a critical issue . one researcher at the university of kansas is investigating new ways to cool plants more efficiently with technology used in everyday laptop computers .

this fall the kansas biological survey created and launched the online kansas lakes and reservoirs data repository portal — with funding from the kansas water office and the kansas gis policy board — to bring together data from a variety of sources , making it free and readily available to the public .

an environmental and earth science data project , led by a multi - university team including ku’s biodiversity institute , has been awarded $ 15 million by the national science foundation to continue to discover and aggregate data for scientists and policymakers alike .

researchers at the center for remote sensing of ice sheets based at the university of kansas have unlocked important new details below the ice in key areas of greenland and antarctica that will reshape how scientists forecast changes to sea level . data collected through radar systems created at ku provide the first - ever detailed maps of the subsurface conditions on prominent and scientifically important glaciers on opposite sides of the earth .

a university of kansas law professor has authored a study and will argue before the supreme court on a water rights case via a method that can be thought of as a more civil version of civil war .

the university of kansas center for russian , east european & eurasian studies ( crees ) has been awarded a major grant from the u . s . department of state as part of the u . s . - russia peer - to - peer dialogue program . the grant calls for crees , working with the center for transboundary cooperation in st . petersburg , russia , to identify , train and connect eco - reps from the midwest with their counterparts in russia . these eco - reps will design and enact projects with the goal of raising awareness and educating about sustainability , and creating positive environmental , social and economic effects in their schools , communities and small businesses .

the bioscience & technology business center at the university of kansas has earned a major federal grant for its role as a business accelerator and economic engine for northeast kansas . the btbc at ku has been awarded $ 50 , 000 by the u . s . small business administration through the agency’s inaugural growth accelerator fund competition , which is designed to support the development of outstanding business accelerators , incubators and other entrepreneurial ecosystem models that are playing major roles in their region .

four university of kansas students have been selected for prestigious fulbright awards for research and study for the 2014 - 15 academic year .

a researcher at the university of kansas has earned an army research office young investigator award grant to conduct research on cutting - edge photovoltaic technology intended to give american forces tactical advantages in the field .

jilu li , assistant research professor with the center for remote sensing of ice sheets ( cresis ) at the university of kansas , received a three - year $ 299 , 178 grant through nasa’s new investigator program to provide a complete subsurface map at the point where the ice meets bedrock for greenland and the west antarctic ice sheet . li’s team will utilize ice sheet data collected by cresis and ku researchers over the past two decades to piece together the maps .

the american council of learned societies has awarded three university of kansas faculty members fellowships for humanities research to be undertaken in academic year 2014 - 15 . the council , one of the premier humanities - focused granting agencies , is a private , nonprofit federation of 71 national scholarly organizations that supports scholarship in the humanities and related social sciences .

mayor sly james , kansas city , mo . , announced last month the new we women’s empowerment initiative to get more women into leadership roles , whether it’s on city boards , task forces and commissions or in business settings . university of kansas research will play a crucial role in the initiative through a $ 23 , 000 research grant awarded from the women’s foundation of greater kansas city .

a section of antarctica now bears the name of a university of kansas professor and alumnus . the u . s . board on geographic names announced it has registered the “gogineni subglacial trench , ” which acknowledges the contributions of school of engineering distinguished professor prasad gogineni . the subglacial trench sits in proximity to landmarks with highly recognized names such as the darwin mountains and the queen elizabeth mountain range .

inding renewable energy sources to sustain the environment and the economy is one of the major challenges of the 21st century . wai - lun chan , assistant professor in the department of physics and astronomy , has received a prestigious award from the national science foundation to fund research that could help find such viable low - cost renewable energy , while teaching children and adults about the importance of renewable energy .

a team of researchers from the center for remote sensing of ice sheets ( cresis ) at the university of kansas has received a grant from the paul g . allen family foundation to develop technology that better maps and tracks the conditions within glaciers and at the bottom of fast - flowing ice sheets .

the environmental studies program at the university of kansas has entered into a partnership with instituto sustentar , a nongovernmental organization based in brazil headed by ku alumnus douglas trent . the arrangement will facilitate travel , study and research in brazil by investigators and students from ku , and also help to educate local residents and a generation of brazilian schoolchildren about the significance of the environment of the pantanal

the kansas geological survey at the university of kansas has been awarded a $ 650 , 000 grant from the company xri geophysics to improve on technologies used to detect underground voids and faults , to determine the fitness of earthen dams and levees , and in other endeavors .

a hidden aquifer the size of ireland recently discovered within the ice layers of a glacier in greenland could hold the key to better understanding how annual melting at the ice surface could affect sea level rise . the dec . 22 issue of the prestigious scientific journal nature details the existence of a significant amount of melt water stored in old compacted snow , known as firn . radar technology developed by researchers at the center for remote sensing of ice sheets ( cresis ) at the university of kansas played a key role in identifying and confirming the previously undetected pool of water within the ice sheet .

researchers at the center for environmentally beneficial catalysis ( cebc ) at the university of kansas recently received a four - year , $ 4 . 4 million federal grant as part of the networks for sustainable molecular design and synthesis program . it is one of only four such awards made this year by the national science foundation and the environmental protection agency .

the kansas geological survey ( kgs ) at the university of kansas has received a $ 46 , 000 grant to preserve at - risk drilling records and rock cuttings that hold valuable information about oil and gas deposits in kansas and clues to the earth’s geologic history . funded by the u . s . geological survey national geological and geophysical data preservation program , the grant will be used to process and electronically archive oil and gas records in the data resources library at the main kgs office in lawrence and to archive sample cuttings — bits of underground rock broken up during drilling and flushed up to the surface — at the kgs’s wichita well sample library .

university of kansas geologists have synthesized the mineral dolomite at a low temperature without the aid of microorganisms — a feat that scientists have been trying to accomplish for almost a century . announced in a paper published today in the proceedings of the national academy of sciences ( pnas ) , this work will eventually provide researchers with more accurate tools for understanding climate change and give geologists better methods for finding new sources of petroleum , said jennifer roberts , associate professor of geology and lead author of the paper .

a graduate student at the university of kansas is the lead author on a recently published description of a new bird species , the junin tapaculo , found in the remote andes mountains of central peru .

a three - year , $ 90 , 000 nasa fellowship will allow a university of kansas school of engineering graduate student to design tools that will help more precisely predict future sea level rise based on the impact of climate change on the polar ice sheets .

research inventory did not include the med center , as it was not included in the campus geographical footprint .

if you want to start over , go to the homepage . if you ' re stuck , let us help you .

copyright © 1995 - 2018 ebay inc . all rights reserved . accessibility , user agreement , privacy , cookies and adchoice

thank you for visiting nature . com . you are using a browser version with limited support for css . to obtain the best experience , we recommend you use a more up to date browser ( or turn off compatibility mode in internet explorer ) . in the meantime , to ensure continued support , we are displaying the site without styles and javascript .

parental care in animal evolution has long fascinated biologists , but tracing this complex of behavioural repertoires is challenging , as these transitory states often leave no corporeal traces as fossils . among modern invertebrates , the tanaidaceans ( malacostraca : peracarida ) , a lineage of marsupial crustaceans , show an interesting variety of brooding strategies . here we report on fossil tanaidaceans from the cretaceous of spain and france that provide conclusive evidence for marsupial care of brood - offspring . two exceptionally preserved female specimens of alavatanais carabe and a . margulisae from late albian peñacerrada i amber ( spain ) possess four pairs of rudimentary oostegites , indicating formation of a marsupium . from recent data , given the taxonomic distribution of a marsupium of four pairs of oostegites , we hypothesize that this may be plesiomorphic for the tanaidomorpha . we also report on a peculiar tanaidacean specimen referable to the fossil family alavatanaidae , daenerytanais maieuticus gen . et sp . nov . , from early cenomanian la buzinie amber ( france ) , preserved with its marsupial pouch and content . our discoveries provide early evidence of the peracarid reproductive strategy , as seen in modern tanaidacea , and argue that this form of parental care may have played a role in the diversification of the lineage during this period .

the fossil record provides a rich and valuable repository of behavioural and evolutionary developments despite the influence of biases in preservation or density of taxonomic representation . many behaviours are fleeting , uncommonly leaving behind trace fossils , and are therefore captured by exceptional ‘frozen moments’ or are inferred indirectly from functional morphology . nonetheless , the behaviours of extinct species are critical to understanding the totality of their lives ; for placing them within broader palaeoecological settings ; and for revealing intra - and interspecific interactions that were undoubtedly at play . they are also critical for the documentation of evolutionary novelties and trends , and understanding phylogenetic relationships .

the tanaidacea are a diverse and abundant group of usually small and cryptic crustaceans that , except for some rare freshwater and brackish species , today constitutes an almost entirely marine order that is found at all latitudes and in almost all marine benthic habitats from the littoral to hadal zones 8 . despite a wealth of information on the taxonomy and phylogeny of these widespread crustaceans , our empirical understanding of their life history and parental care trade - offs is currently limited to a few descriptive reviews 9 , 10 , with a few taxon - specific studies 11 , 12 , 13 , 14 , 15 , 16 . fossil evidence revealing the origin and evolutionary history of their reproductive strategy is lacking , although modern - looking tanaidaceans have recently been discovered in the cretaceous 17 , 18 , 19 .

the preservation of fossil tanaidaceans is rare , mostly because they have non - recalcitrant tissues and cuticles , and there are extensive gaps present in the fossil record for the order . fossilised specimens have been dated from as far back as the lower carboniferous , with the oldest species being discovered in scotland 20 , 21 . several rock - impressions have been found , and recent studies identified many tanaidaceans as bioinclusions in lower–upper cretaceous fossil resins from spain and france 17 , 18 , 19 . from the cenozoic only four , as - of - yet undescribed specimens have been recorded in lower miocene mexican amber 22 .

recent discoveries in the cretaceous ambers of spain and france have revealed an unexpected diversity and abundance of tanaidacea , showing that this period was significant in the diversification and evolution of the order 18 , 19 . earlier accounts of spanish and french amber tanaidaceans reported a total of seven genera and ten species which has now grown by one new genus and species from la buzinie ( charente , france ) ( fig . 1 ) . all the cretaceous species known to date are members of the tanaidomorpha ( one of two suborders in tanaidacea ; the former neotanaidomorpha and anthracocaridomorpha are no longer recognized ) . extant tanaidomorphans are characterized by having a ventral marsupium of variable conformation , but overall formed by one or four pairs of oostegites 49 .

timeline of fossil tanaidomorphans described from amber . 1 = peñacerrada ( upper albian ) , note that only one specimen of alavatanais carabe was found in the el soplao outcrop ( upper albian ) , 2 = archingeay / les nouillers ( upper albian ) , 3 = champniers / la buzinie ( early cenomanian ) , 4 = fourtou ( middle cenomanian ) , and 5 = la garnache ( turonian ) . numerical ages are from 70 .

low sexual dimorphism described for alavatanais carabe from the two morphs preserved was based on differences in size , number of antennular articles ( four - or five - articled in females versus seven - articled in males ) , and robustness of the cheliped 18 . however , the most remarkable character shared by females of a . carabe and a . margulisae is the presence of pairs of bud - like developing oostegites at the coxal plates of pereopods i–iv , as found in related extant ‘preparatory’ females , which eventually expand to become more laminar and complete the marsupium during the copulatory stage . the oostegites appear as inwardly directed , medium - sized , pear - shaped structures of an average length and width of 0 . 07 and 0 . 03 mm in a . margulisae , and 0 . 08 and 0 . 04 mm in a . carabe ( fig . 2 ) .

female alavatanaids from the lower cretaceous amber of peñacerrada i , spain . ( a ) lateral overview of alavatanais margulisae ( holotype mcna 9583a ) showing the oostegites ; ( b ) camera lucida drawing of the specimen in a highlighting the oostegites in orange ( modified from sánchez - garcía et al . 18 ) ; ( c ) detail of right oostegites i–iv of the same specimen ; ( d ) detail of the third and fourth right oostegites of a . carabe ( mcna 13890 ) ; ( e ) lateral overview of the same specimen of a . carabe showing the oostegites .

other amber - preserved species known from isolated specimens were potentially assigned as males or females based on secondary sexual characters such as the number and / or shape of the antennular articles , and from modifications of the male cheliped 18 . greatly lengthened chelipeds with the shape of the chelae altered — the dactylus and propodus having a convex curvature resulting in a central gap when the chela is closed — were reported for males of the genus eurotanais sánchez - garcía , peñalver & delclòs and alavatanais vonk & schram . the only reported functions for this enlargement of the male cheliped in the recent fauna are to tear open female mucous tubes 11 or to fight with other males 50 .

the new genus from the early cenomanian of la buzinie is unambiguously referred to paratanaoidea , as evidenced by ( 1 ) its general habitus ; ( 2 ) antennule with five or fewer articles in females ( and often with more than five articles in males , although the male is unknown in the present fossil species ) ; ( 3 ) antenna with seven or fewer articles ; ( 4 ) presence of an ischium on all pereopods ; and ( 5 ) pleon never with the two last pleonites fused / reduced ( and always with pleopods in males , although these may be reduced : unknown for the present fossil species as males remain to be discovered ) 49 . the large compound eyes , unreduced pereonites i–iii , short pleon with five free pleonites not fused with the pleotelson , antennules with four to five articles ( in females ) , pereopod coxa present on all pereopods , pereopod i with medium - long dactylus , dactylus and unguis of pereopods iv–vi claw - like but not fused , and the pleopods well - developed with long setae bundled together all support inclusion to the family alavatanaidae despite the lack of preservation for the posterior region of the body .

family alavatanaidae vonk & schram ( sensu sánchez - garcía et al . 18 )

the generic name is a matronym for daenerys targaryen , a principal character in the popular fantasy novel series a song of ice and fire by george r . r . martin , alluding to her principal role as the mother of dragons ; and combined with tanais latreille ( presumably taken from the ancient greek city in the maeotian marshes of the same name ) , an early generic name used widely as a suffix in the tanaidomorpha and as the typical genus for the order . the gender of the name is , however , masculine following the precedent of the genus tanais .

body relatively slender , about five times longer than wide . cephalothorax subtriangular when viewed dorsally ( much longer than wide ) , with a lateral constriction beyond its midlength . antennule with five articles . antenna short and slender , with subequal articles , never square . cheliped somewhat robust ; propodus with fixed finger deflexed almost perpendicular to palm ; dactylus directed medially , extending beyond fixed finger . pereon rather short ( about 0 . 5 times body length ) . pereopod i with long dactylus plus unguis ( not longer than propodus ) ; pereopods ii–iii with dactylus plus unguis much shorter than in pereopod i ; pereopods iv–vi armed with weak spines , with dactylus plus unguis as long as in pereopods ii–iii but stouter . pleon rather short ( less than 0 . 3 times body length ) . male : latet .

holotype ( igr . buz - 1 . 13 ) , female , of daenerytanais maieuticus gen . et sp . nov . , from the mid - cretaceous french amber of la buzinie . ( a ) dorsal habitus . ( b ) camera lucida drawings of the cephalothorax in dorsal view ( left ) , and the ventral habitus ( right ) . ( c ) detail of the marsupium . ( d ) eggs . abbreviations : pi–pvi = pereopods i–vi .

the specific epithet is taken from the greek maieutikos , ‘skilled in midwifery’ , and refers to the possession of a developed marsupium for the care of offspring .

holotype and only known specimen igr . buz - 1 . 13 , ♀ . ( coll . couillard , housed in the geological department and museum of the university rennes 1 , france ) . the specimen , nearly complete except for the uropods , is embedded in a small piece of light - yellow amber with multiple bubbles and slightly clouded by organic debris . it can be observed in dorsal and ventral views but not in profile , and thus some chelipedal characters are not currently visible . some pereopods are badly preserved or cut beyond the basis ; the pattern of setation is difficult to distinguish without optimal lighting and magnification .

specimen igr . buz - 1 . 13 was originally part of a larger piece ( igr . buz - 1 ) containing many fossils and divided into 20 individual components for study . the original set of syninclusions comprised 12 dolichopodid flies ( microphorinae : microphorites deploegi nel et al . ) 51 , two schizopterid bugs ( buzinia couillardi perrichot et al . ) 52 , one scale insect , four scelionid wasps , one roach , one centipede ( buziniphilus antiquus edgecombe et al . ) 53 , four entomobryomorphan springtails , five prostigmatid mites ( acari : parasitengona ) , one isolated nematode , and several amoebae and diatoms 54 , 55 .

la buzinie outcrop , in champniers near angoulême , department of charente , nouvelle - aquitaine region , southwestern france ; early cenomanian ( amber level a2a ) 56 .

body medium - sized , estimated total length approximately 1 . 20 mm , about 4 . 59 times longer than wide ; subcylindrical , slightly flattened dorsoventrally . all observed setae simple .

pereon ( the six thoracomeres after the cephalothorax ) rather short , about 0 . 45 of total body length ; all pereonites wider than long , with apical margins weakly convex dorsomedially ; pereonites i–iii subequal in size , about 3 . 49 times wider than long ; pereonites iv and v largest segments , subequal in size , about 2 . 23 times wider than long , each about 1 . 53 times individual lengths of pereonites i–iii ; pereonite vi shorter than preceding pereonite , 2 . 98 times wider than long , about as long as individual lengths of pereonites i–iii ( 1 . 01 times ) . pereopods i–iii without discernible setae ; coxae present on all pairs ; basis fairly slender , cylindrical , 7 . 05 times longer than thick , longer than combined lengths of merus and carpus ; ischium short ( only visible on right pereopod ii and left pereopod iii ) ; merus and carpus subequal in size , not widening distally ; propodus longer than carpus , 4 . 03 times longer than thick , tapering distally ; dactylus plus unguis curved and long on pereopod i ( 0 . 88 times length of propodus ) , becoming shorter on pereopods ii and iii , ( 0 . 45 times length of dactylus plus unguis i ) . pereopods iv–vi similar in length to pereopods i–iii but stouter ; coxae present on all pairs ; basis fairly robust , more inflated than in pereopods i–iii , not measurable in length as preserved ; ischium short ( only visible on left pereopod iv ) ; merus and carpus subequal in size ; propodus longer than carpus , 3 . 89 times longer than thick , tapering distally , with up to two distal spines ( weak as preserved ) ; dactylus plus unguis claw - like but not fused ( only visible on right pereopods iv–vi ) , as long as dactylus plus unguis of pereopods ii and iii , but stouter . marsupium present and filled with eggs ( as preserved ) ; eggs around 6–9 microns in diameter .


acheilognathus barbatulus is a species of freshwater ray-finned fish in the genus acheilognathus .

it is endemic to the mekong river in laos , northern vietnam and southern china in waters between 8-20 °c and its maximum length is 8.4 cm .

acheilognathus barbatulus

acheilognathus barbatulus <EOT> in subfamily acheilognathinae ( genera acheilognathus and rhodeus ) , female possesses an ovipositor which is used for depositing eggs inside the bivalves . juveniles hatch and stay in the bivalve until they can swim ( ref . 43281 ) .

greek , a = without + greek , cheilos = lip + greek , gnathos = jaw ( ref . 45335 )

asia : mekong basin in laos and yunnan , nam ma basin ; northern viet nam , southern china .

maturity : l m ? range ? - ? cm max length : 8 . 4 cm sl male / unsexed ; ( ref . 43281 )

dorsal soft rays ( total ) : 10 - 13 ; anal soft rays : 8 - 11 . small maxillary barbels ; body depth 2 . 5 - 2 . 7 times in sl ( ref . 43281 ) .

female has an ovipositor which is used to deposit eggs inside bivalves . young remain in the bivalve until they can swim ( ref . 43281 ) .

kottelat , m . , 2013 . the fishes of the inland waters of southeast asia : a catalogue and core bibliography of the fishes known to occur in freshwaters , mangroves and estuaries . the raffles bulletin of zoology 2013 ( suppl . 27 ) : 1 - 663 . ( ref . 94476 )

phylogenetic diversity index ( ref . 82805 ) : pd 50 = 0 . 5000 [ uniqueness , from 0 . 5 = low to 2 . 0 = high ] .

bayesian length - weight : a = 0 . 01000 ( 0 . 00446 - 0 . 02243 ) , b = 3 . 10 ( 2 . 91 - 3 . 29 ) , in cm total length , based on lwr estimates for this ( sub ) family - body shape ( ref . 93245 ) .

trophic level ( ref . 69278 ) : 2 . 2 ±0 . 1 se ; based on size and trophs of closest relatives

resilience ( ref . 69278 ) : medium , minimum population doubling time 1 . 4 - 4 . 4 years ( assuming fec < 10 , 000 ) .

vulnerability ( ref . 59153 ) : low vulnerability ( 21 of 100 ) .

html public " - / / w3c / / dtd xhtml 1 . 0 strict / / en " " urltoken "

thank you for taking the time to provide feedback on the iucn red list of threatened species website , we are grateful for your input .

eschmeyer , w . n . ( ed . ) . 2015 . catalog of fishes . updated 7 january 2015 . available at : urltoken . ( accessed : 7 january 2015 ) .

justification : the species is relatively widespread in china , and in northern lao pdr and northern viet nam . it is assessed as least concern , however populations of the species , and its bivalve host should be monitored . taxonomic work to compare specimens from the different parts of the known range should be compared , especially those from the mekong drainage which are some distance from the song da and chinese populations .

, from china ( including the mekong drainage in yunnan ) , and from northern viet nam .

changjiang ( yangtze ) and zhejiang ( pearl river ) . known from yunnan province ( dalu , mengla ) ; and from the yangtze drainage ( henan province ( xinye , tanghe )

found in freshwater rivers ; slow moving lowland streams . dependent on bivalves as the reproductive host .

the species is likely to be impacted by fisheries , and by pollution and dams in parts of its range . the species is reliant upon mussel hosts for its reproduction , and these are often more likely to be impacted by pollution . the specific host for the species is not known . there is general habitat loss and degradation , especially from high sediment loads from agriculture and deforestation , which impacts the bivalve host .

taxonomic work is needed to compare populations . population and habitat trends should be monitored .

to make use of this information , please check the < terms of use > .

jennifer hammock added an association between " yangtze river benthopelagic habitat " and " saurogobio lissilabris banarescu & nalbant 1973 " .

jennifer hammock added an association between " yangtze river benthopelagic habitat " and " pareuchiloglanis sinensis ( hora & silas , 1952 ) " .

jennifer hammock added an association between " yangtze river benthopelagic habitat " and " glyptothorax sinensis ( regan , 1908 ) " .

jennifer hammock added an association between " yangtze river benthopelagic habitat " and " glyptothorax fokiensis ( rendahl , 1925 ) " .

jennifer hammock added an association between " yangtze river benthopelagic habitat " and " hucho bleekeri kimura , 1934 " .

eol content is automatically assembled from many different content providers . as a result , from time to time you may find pages on eol that are confusing .

to request an improvement , please leave a comment on the page . thank you !

html public " - / / w3c / / dtd html 4 . 01 transitional / / en " " urltoken "

disclaimer : itis taxonomy is based on the latest scientific consensus available , and is provided as a general reference source for interested parties . however , it is not a legal authority for statutory or regulatory purposes . while every effort has been made to provide the most reliable and up - to - date information available , ultimate legal requirements with respect to species are contained in provisions of treaties to which the united states is a party , wildlife statutes , regulations , and any applicable notices that have been published in the federal register . for further information on u . s . legal requirements with respect to protected taxa , please contact the u . s . fish and wildlife service .

our website has detected that you are using an outdated insecure browser that will prevent you from using the site . we suggest you upgrade to a modern browser .

baensch , h . a . and r . riehl ( 1997 ) aquarien atlas , band 5 . : mergus verlag , melle , germany . 1148 p .

carl , h . ( 2003 ) danish fish names . : zoological museum of copenhagen . unpublished .

chinese academy of fishery sciences ( 2003 ) chinese aquatic germplasm resources database . : urltoken

froese , r . & d . pauly ( editors ) . ( 2018 ) . fishbase . world wide web electronic publication .

kottelat , m . ( 2013 ) the fishes of the inland waters of southeast asia : a catalogue and core bibliography of the fishes known to occur in freshwaters , mangroves and estuaries . : the raffles bulletin of zoology 2013 ( suppl . 27 ) : 1 - 663 .

varjo , m . , l . koli and h . dahlström ( 2004 ) kalannimiluettelo ( versio 10 / 03 ) . : suomen biologian seura vanamo ry .

wu , h . l . , k . - t . shao and c . f . lai ( eds . ) ( 1999 ) latin - chinese dictionary of fishes names . : the sueichan press , taiwan . 1028 p .

html public " - / / w3c / / dtd xhtml 1 . 0 transitional / / en " " urltoken "

this website uses cookies to ensure you get the best experience on our website . by clicking or navigating the site , you agree to allow our collection of information through cookies . more info

we transform the world with culture ! we want to build on europe’s rich heritage and make it easier for people to use , whether for work , for learning or just for fun .


fraus fusca is a moth of the hepialidae family .

it is found in the australian capital territory , new south wales tasmania and victoria .

fraus fusca

fraus fusca <EOT> fraus fusca ( lucas , 1891 ) = hectomanes fusca lucas , 1891 = hectomanes rufula turner , 1927 = fraus rufula .

fraus fusca ( t . p . lucas , 1891 ) mountain fraus hepialidae , hepialoidea

there is little knowledge about fraus fusca in adult form and in my area of victoria ( the wimmera ) collections are few and far between .

fraus fusca ; [ aucl ] ; [ nhm card ] ; nielsen , robinson & wagner , 2000 , j . nat . hist . 34 : 835 ( list )

fraus sp . photo courtesy of david fischer fraus simulans . victoria . march 31 , 2017 photo courtesy of nick temby©

fraus quadrangula nielsen & kristensen , 1989 ; monogr . austral . lepid . 1 : 130

fraus serrata nielsen & kristensen , 1989 ; monogr . austral . lepid . 1 : 137

fraus minima nielsen & kristensen , 1989 ; monogr . austral . lepid . 1 : 123 ; tl : australia

fraus megacornis nielsen & kristensen , 1989 ; monogr . austral . lepid . 1 : 125 ; tl : australia

fraus basicornis nielsen & kristensen , 1989 ; monogr . austral . lepid . 1 : 127 ; tl : australia

fraus tedi nielsen & kristensen , 1989 ; monogr . austral . lepid . 1 : 129 ; tl : australia

fraus marginispina nielsen & kristensen , 1989 ; monogr . austral . lepid . 1 : 132 ; tl : australia

fraus latistria nielsen & kristensen , 1989 ; monogr . austral . lepid . 1 : 138 ; tl : tasmania

fraus linogyna nielsen & kristensen , 1989 ; monogr . austral . lepid . 1 : 139 ; tl : australia

fraus distispina nielsen & kristensen , 1989 ; monogr . austral . lepid . 1 : 141 ; tl : australia

fraus mediaspina nielsen & kristensen , 1989 ; monogr . austral . lepid . 1 : 142 ; tl : australia

fraus biloba nielsen & kristensen , 1989 ; monogr . austral . lepid . 1 : 143 ; tl : australia

fraus basidispina nielsen & kristensen , 1989 ; monogr . austral . lepid . 1 : 145 ; tl : australia

fraus furcata nielsen & kristensen , 1989 ; monogr . austral . lepid . 1 : 148 ; tl : australia

fraus pilosa nielsen & kristensen , 1989 ; monogr . austral . lepid . 1 : 150 ; tl : australia

fraus griseomaculata nielsen & kristensen , 1989 ; monogr . austral . lepid . 1 : 161 ; tl : australia

primitive ghost moths : morphology and taxonomy of the australian genus fraus walker ( lepidoptera : hepialidae s . lat . )

fraus orientalis nielsen & kristensen , 1989 ; monogr . austral . lepid . 1 : 133 ; tl : new south wales

fraus bilineata ; [ aucl ] ; nielsen , robinson & wagner , 2000 , j . nat . hist . 34 : 835 ( list )

fraus serrata ; [ aucl ] ; nielsen , robinson & wagner , 2000 , j . nat . hist . 34 : 835 ( list )

fraus ( hepialidae ) ; [ nhm card ] ; nielsen , robinson & wagner , 2000 , j . nat . hist . 34 : 835 ( list )

fraus minima ; [ aucl ] ; [ nhm card ] ; nielsen , robinson & wagner , 2000 , j . nat . hist . 34 : 835 ( list )

fraus megacornis ; [ aucl ] ; [ nhm card ] ; nielsen , robinson & wagner , 2000 , j . nat . hist . 34 : 835 ( list )

fraus basicornis ; [ aucl ] ; [ nhm card ] ; nielsen , robinson & wagner , 2000 , j . nat . hist . 34 : 835 ( list )

fraus tedi ; [ aucl ] ; [ nhm card ] ; nielsen , robinson & wagner , 2000 , j . nat . hist . 34 : 835 ( list )

fraus quadrangula ; [ aucl ] ; [ nhm card ] ; nielsen , robinson & wagner , 2000 , j . nat . hist . 34 : 835 ( list )

fraus marginispina ; [ aucl ] ; [ nhm card ] ; nielsen , robinson & wagner , 2000 , j . nat . hist . 34 : 835 ( list )

fraus orientalis ; [ aucl ] ; [ nhm card ] ; nielsen , robinson & wagner , 2000 , j . nat . hist . 34 : 835 ( list )

fraus pteromela ; [ aucl ] ; [ nhm card ] ; nielsen , robinson & wagner , 2000 , j . nat . hist . 34 : 835 ( list )

fraus latistria ; [ aucl ] ; [ nhm card ] ; nielsen , robinson & wagner , 2000 , j . nat . hist . 34 : 835 ( list )

fraus linogyna ; [ aucl ] ; [ nhm card ] ; nielsen , robinson & wagner , 2000 , j . nat . hist . 34 : 835 ( list )

fraus distispina ; [ aucl ] ; [ nhm card ] ; nielsen , robinson & wagner , 2000 , j . nat . hist . 34 : 835 ( list )

fraus mediaspina ; [ aucl ] ; [ nhm card ] ; nielsen , robinson & wagner , 2000 , j . nat . hist . 34 : 835 ( list )

fraus biloba ; [ aucl ] ; [ nhm card ] ; nielsen , robinson & wagner , 2000 , j . nat . hist . 34 : 835 ( list )

fraus basidispina ; [ aucl ] ; [ nhm card ] ; nielsen , robinson & wagner , 2000 , j . nat . hist . 34 : 835 ( list )

fraus nanus ; [ aucl ] ; [ nhm card ] ; nielsen , robinson & wagner , 2000 , j . nat . hist . 34 : 835 ( list )

fraus furcata ; [ aucl ] ; [ nhm card ] ; nielsen , robinson & wagner , 2000 , j . nat . hist . 34 : 835 ( list )

fraus pilosa ; [ aucl ] ; [ nhm card ] ; nielsen , robinson & wagner , 2000 , j . nat . hist . 34 : 835 ( list )

fraus crocea ; [ aucl ] ; [ nhm card ] ; nielsen , robinson & wagner , 2000 , j . nat . hist . 34 : 835 ( list )

fraus simulans ; [ aucl ] ; [ nhm card ] ; nielsen , robinson & wagner , 2000 , j . nat . hist . 34 : 835 ( list )

fraus polyspila ; [ aucl ] ; [ nhm card ] ; nielsen , robinson & wagner , 2000 , j . nat . hist . 34 : 835 ( list )

fraus griseomaculata ; [ aucl ] ; [ nhm card ] ; nielsen , robinson & wagner , 2000 , j . nat . hist . 34 : 835 ( list )

fraus pelagia ; [ aucl ] ; [ nhm card ] ; nielsen , robinson & wagner , 2000 , j . nat . hist . 34 : 835 ( list )

adults fly mostly in the autumn and a few species occur in large numbers . larvae of fraus simulans construct vertical silk - lined tunnels in the soil and feed on surface grasses from within silk lined webbing ( grehan , 1989 )

nielsen , e . s . & kristensen , n . p . 1989 , " primitive ghost moths . morphology and taxonomy of the australian genus fraus walker ( lepidoptera : hepialidae s . lat . ) " , monographs on australian lepidoptera , vol . 1 , pp . i - xiii , 1 - 206

the adult moths are plain brown with variable vague markings and dark dots on the forewings . the males are inclined to have darker forewings than the females , and grey hindwings . the moths have very hairy legs and thorax . the male moths have a wingspan of about 2 cms . the females are bigger , with a wingspan of about 3 cms .

melbourne university press , 1990 , fig . 16 . 7 , p . 146 .

series 2 , volume 6 , part 2 ( 1891 ) , p . 283 .

if you have images for this taxon that you would like to share with atlas of living australia , please upload using the upload tools .

lucas , t . p . 1891 , " on queensland and other australian lepidoptera with descriptions of new species " , proceedings of the linnean society of new south wales , ser . 2 , vol . 6 , no . 2 , pp . 277 - 306

turner , a . j . 1927 , " new and little known tasmanian lepidoptera . part ii " , papers and proceedings of the royal society of tasmania , vol . 1926 , pp . 119 - 164

urn : lsid : biodiversity . org . au : afd . taxon : 2e27f4a8 - 9818 - 49a7 - 9a35 - 3f502a7c7b98

urn : lsid : biodiversity . org . au : afd . taxon : 8d076f5e - 495a - 487b - 97af - 1347666be30c

urn : lsid : biodiversity . org . au : afd . taxon : e6d4b7bf - f661 - 4881 - b5df - 57f3d0bfbb0b

urn : lsid : biodiversity . org . au : afd . taxon : ec763eea - 1daa - 4e86 - b498 - 62d3ff45d868

urn : lsid : biodiversity . org . au : afd . taxon : be0342e9 - c9fe - 4980 - 9a11 - 1b6e9e7f3c8e

urn : lsid : biodiversity . org . au : afd . name : 266997

explore species occurrence records in the context of their environment . find records and model species distributions . export reports , maps and data .

find out how you can contribute to a citizen science project in your area , or explore one of the many citizen science projects supported by the ala .

did you see something ? photograph something ? contribute your sighting to the atlas of living australia .

the atlas of living australia acknowledges australia ' s traditional owners and pays respect to the past and present elders of the nation ' s aboriginal and torres strait islander communities . we honour and celebrate the spiritual , cultural and customary connections of traditional owners to country and the biodiversity that forms part of that country .

is monophyletic with respect to ( 1 ) elongate elliptical scales with a short , finely serrated apical margin and ( 2 ) patch of hair - scales at the base of the female hindwing ( nielsen & kristensen , 1989 ) .

nielsen , , e . s . and kristensen , n . p . 1989 .

s . e . big desert at 15 . 5 km . w . s . w . of rainbow , victoria , australia , 22 april 2008

paratype . australia : coolgardie , june 5 , 1965 . image courtesy of thomas j . witt©

det . e . s . nielsen , 1983 . new zealand arthropod collection . image : jane hyland ( cmnh )

the source code for museums victoria collections is available on github under the mit license .

html public " - / / w3c / / dtd html 4 . 01 transitional / / en " " urltoken "

note : you should have a urltoken account to upload new topics and comments . please , create an account or log in to add comments

* our website is multilingual . some comments have been translated from other languages .

there are no photos of this species on the website yet . you can offer your photo by logging into your account

curators : konstantin efetov , vasiliy feoktistov , svyatoslav knyazev , evgeny komarov , stan korb , alexander zhakov .

species catalog enables to sort by characteristics such as expansion , flight time , etc . .

nielsen , e . s . , g . s . robinson , d . l . wagner . 2000 . ghost - moths of the world : a global inventory and bibliography of the exoporia ( mnesarchaeoidea and hepialoidea ) ( lepidoptera ) . journal of natural history 34 ( 6 ) : 823 - 878 .

. note that images and other media featured on this page are each governed by their own license , and they may or may not be available for reuse . click on an image or a media link to access the media data window , which provides the relevant licensing information . for the general terms and conditions of tol material reuse and redistribution , please see the

each tol branch page provides a synopsis of the characteristics of a group of organisms representing a branch of the tree of life . the major distinction between a branch and a leaf of the tree of life is that each branch can be further subdivided into descendent branches , that is , subgroups representing distinct genetic lineages .

for a more detailed explanation of the different tol page types , have a look at the structure of the tree of life page .

tree of life design and icons copyright © 1995 - 2004 tree of life project . all rights reserved .

html public " - / / w3c / / dtd xhtml 1 . 0 strict / / en " " urltoken "

butterflies , moths plus other invertebrates found in my garden at great western , victoria . australia

at the time , i decided this photograph was not good enough to post to this blog . however , after having the privilege of an expert opinion on some moth identifications , i ' ve changed my mind !

i will be keeping my eyes open for future sightings of this moth . data , obviously , is pretty important .

i spotted this one on my doorstep in april this year . it was quite a small moth .

identification updates of some hepialids plus a couple of other moth species will be made shortly , thanks to ' expert opinion ' .

an interesting genus jl , i ' ve had a couple come in here , one still unidentified . i ' ll be looking out for them next season .

how are you feeling , duncan ? yes , particularly as there ' s not a lot known .

if i am able to learn one new thing each day in the vast field of entomology , i shall be content .

much of my learning experience has been due to the following : - don herbison - evans for helping me with moth and caterpillar identification . urltoken michael f . braby - the complete field guide to butterflies of australia paul zborowski and ted edwards - a guide to australian moths museum victoria urltoken

i am a recently retired small - scale primary producer . i ' ve been a keen nature ( and animal behaviour ) observer for most of my life but now i have the time to direct my energy towards learning much more about the fauna and flora around me . i ' m a keen photographer and i credit the invention of digital photography steering me onto the path i am now so enjoying !

the source code for the wiki 2 extension is being checked by specialists of the mozilla foundation , google , and apple . you could also do it yourself at any point in time .

would you like wikipedia to always look as professional and up - to - date ? we have created a browser extension .

it will enhance any encyclopedic page you visit with the magic of the wiki 2 technology .

i use wiki 2 every day and almost forgot how the original wikipedia looks like .

of perfecting techniques ; in live mode . quite the same wikipedia . just better .

nielsen , ebbe s . ; robinson , gaden s . ; wagner , david l . ( 2000 ) .

this page was last edited on 23 february 2018 , at 15 : 40 .

basis of this page is in wikipedia . text is available under the cc by - sa 3 . 0 unported license . non - text media are available under their specified licenses . wikipedia® is a registered trademark of the wikimedia foundation , inc . wiki 2 is an independent company and has no affiliation with wikimedia foundation .

= ; [ aucl ] ; [ nhm card ] ; nielsen , robinson & wagner , 2000 , j . nat . hist . 34 : 835 ( list )

= ; [ aucl ] ; nielsen , robinson & wagner , 2000 , j . nat . hist . 34 : 835 ( list )

hectomanes pteromela lower , 1892 ; trans . r . soc . s . austr . 15 : 5 ; tl : s . australia

epiolus nanus herrich - schäffer , [ 1853 ] ; samml . aussereurop . schmett . ( i ) 1 ( 3 ) : pl . 10 , f . 46

hectomanes crocea lucas , 1891 ; proc . linn . soc . n . s . w . ( 2 ) 6 ( 2 ) : 283 ; tl : australia

= ; nielsen , robinson & wagner , 2000 , j . nat . hist . 34 : 835 ( list ) ; [ aucl ]

hectomanes polyspila meyrick , 1890 ; proc . linn . soc . n . s . w . ( 2 ) 4 ( 4 ) : 1127 ; tl : victoria

hectomanes pelagia turner , 1927 ; pap . proc . r . soc . tasm . 1926 : 164 ; tl : tasmania

[ maps ] warning ! the maps are automatically generated from the textual information , and the process does not always produce acceptable result ; see about maps for more info .

walker , 1865 list of the specimens of lepidopterous insects in the collection of the british museum list spec . lepid . insects colln br . mus . 31 : 1 - 322 ( [ 1865 ] ) , 32 : 323 - 706 ( 1865 ) , 33 : 707 - 1120 ( 1865 ) , 34 : 1121 - 1534 ( [ 1866 ] ) , 35 : 1535 - 2040 ( 1866 )

if you have corrections , comments or information to add into these pages , just send mail to markku savela keep in mind that the taxonomic information is copied from various sources , and may include many inaccuracies . expert help is welcome .