seek again is an american-bred thoroughbred racehorse .

after winning three of his seven races in the united kingdom he was sent to california in december 2013 and won the grade i hollywood derby .

on august 9 , 2014 seek again won the grade ii fourstardave handicap in course record time .

he entered stallion duty at stroud 's lane farm in reddick , florida for the 2016 breeding season .

seek again

seek again <EOT> after beginning his career in england for gosden , seek again was subsequently sent to mott . he finished a game second by a head to reigning horse of the year

grade 1 winner seek again will shuttle to haras carampangue in argentina for the southern hemisphere breeding season after completing his first northern hemisphere season at stroud’s lane farm in reddick , fla .

racing a bit off the inside on the backstretch , seek again took closer order to the front - runners on the far turn under rosario ' s urging , then came out for the stretch run . rosario kept a cool head when his mount checked in close quarters soon afterward and deftly guided him over to a spot on the hedge that opened when silver max tired and yielded . the colt found trouble there , too , when sayaad drifted over near the eighth pole and forced seek again to check again .

once sayaad was out of the way , however , seek again had a clear path to victory , inching past grand arch past the sixteenth pole , and outlasting the 11 - 1 shot to the wire .

the 2 - 1 second wagering choice in the one - mile race , seek again was ridden to a neck victory by joel rosario in 1 : 33 . 25 on firm turf , eclipsing the previous record of 1 : 33 . 42 , set by

the 6 - year - old son of speightstown stands at stroud’s lane for an advertised fee of $ 8 , 500 . racing post reports that seek again will stand in argentina for a syndicate that includes leading farms firmamento , la esperanz , la manija , and san benito .

seek again ( usa ) ch . h , 2010 { 8 - h } dp = 7 - 7 - 14 - 0 - 0 ( 28 ) di = 3 . 00 cd = 0 . 75 - 18 starts , 5 wins , 3 places , 4 shows career earnings : $ 942 , 926

seek again is out of the grade 1 - winning danehill mare light jig , whose four winners from five foals to race includes treble jig , a group 3 winner in the u . a . e . and saudi arabia . he is from the family of group 2 winner nashmeel and group 3 winner able deputy .

racing as a homebred for juddmonte farms , seek again won five of 18 starts and earned $ 942 , 926 , highlighted by wins in the grade 1 hollywood derby and grade 2 fourstardave handicap . he also earned grade 1 placings in two editions of the woodford reserve turf classic stakes , as well as the manhattan stakes and shoemaker mile .

stephanie copeland — executive director of the colorado office of economic development and international trade , who oversees the colorado office of film , television and media — went before the committee today to update it on what film - office leaders are doing to ensure mistakes don’t happen again and discuss legislative fixes that could help it to operate better .

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colt was checked several times in stretch before getting a clear run up rail late .

for owner / breeder juddmonte farms . the chestnut colt , winner of the hollywood derby ( gr . it ) in december in his united states debut for john gosden , was bred from juddmonte ' s 2004 yellow ribbon stakes ( gr . i ) winner

, and then was third as the favorite in the june 7 knob creek manhattan ( gr . it ) at

wise dan bypassed the fourstardave , a race he won the previous two years , to continue to train for his comeback from may 16 colic surgery .

, who rushed out of the gate to set an uncontested pace through an opening quarter in : 23 . 33 , with

tracking about 1 1 / 2 lengths back . sayaad move to within a half length as the half went in : 46 . 18 and drew alongside the leader on the far turn before gaining narrow lead nearing the quarter pole in 1 : 09 . 52 . sayaad was under heavy pressure in the stretch and was overhauled by

" i was thinking it could be over at the eighth pole , when i saw he had to alter course two different times , " he said . " i thought , well , we could be in trouble because it ' s awful late in the game to have to stop your momentum and go a different direction . "

" he showed up today , " the rider said . " at first , there wasn ' t a lot of room . i had to stay there because he likes to run a lot that way , that ' s his style . he ' s a good horse , he fires all the time . when he sees a horse in front of him , he comes to get ( him ) . so we had the winner today . "

wire - to - wire firecracker stakes ( gr . iit ) victor silver max , who upset wise dan in the off - the - turf shadwell turf mile ( gr . i ) at

last fall , finished last as the 122 - pound highweight in his second start off a long layoff .

" they went really fast , " trainer dale romans said of the quick early fractions . " we were going to go fast , we knew it all along . second start back , maybe i didn ' t do enough with him . as long as he comes back good , we ' ll be back . "

, returned $ 6 . 70 , $ 3 . 80 , and $ 3 . 10 while toting 121 pounds . grand arch brought $ 8 and $ 3 . 70 . jack milton was worth $ 2 . 90 to show .

in fourth and sayaad in fifth , with silver max bringing up the rear .

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won hollywood derby ( g1 ) as a 3yo and set a new course record for one mile ( 1 : 33 . 25 ) in winning the fourstardave h . ( g2 ) at four . multiple g1 - placed—beaten just a head by horse of the year wise dan in the woodford reserve turf classic s . ( g1 ) —posted a 105 beyer speed figure and ran 1 - 2 - 3 in 15 of 18 career starts while banking $ 942 , 926 racing in the colors of juddmonte farms .

owner : juddmonte farms inc . breeder : juddmonte farms inc . state bred : ky winnings : 18 starts : 5 - 3 - 4 , $ 942 , 926 at 3 : won hollywood derby ( g1 , bhp , 10ft ) at 4 : won fourstardave h . ( g2 , sar , 8ft - - ncr 1 : 33 . 25 ) ; 2nd turf classic s . ( g1 , cd , 9ft ) ; 3rd manhattan s . ( g1 , bel , 10ft ) at 5 : 3rd woodford reserve turf classic s . ( g1 , cd , 9ft ) , shoemaker mile s . ( g1 , sa , 8ft ) , fourstardave h . ( g2 , sar , 8ft ) raced in eng and u . s . entered stud in 2016 at strouds lane farm , reddick fl ; shuttles to haras carampangue in argentina . ( close )

winx ' s staying power as one of the world ' s top rac . . .

t . j . comerford , assistant trainer for aidan o ' brie . . .

former president mohamed nasheed of the maldives in colombo , sri lanka , on thursday . “i can contest , i am a maldives national , and i am free — i must be free to contest , ” he told reporters .

new delhi — a former president of the maldives , who now lives in exile in london , is planning to run in his party’s internal primaries with the hope of becoming a presidential candidate in elections in the country next year .

mohamed nasheed , the former president , met with members of his party , the maldivian democratic party , in colombo , sri lanka , over the last week .

on thursday , he told reporters , “i can contest , i am a maldives national , and i am free — i must be free to contest . ”

mr . nasheed was sentenced to 13 years in prison in 2015 on terrorism charges that his supporters said were politically motivated under the government of his successor , president abdulla yameen .

he was granted political asylum in britain the next year , after traveling there for medical treatment .

the maldives constitution states that anyone who has been sentenced to more than 12 months in a criminal case cannot run for president within three years of his release or unless he has been pardoned .

mr . nasheed said he hoped other countries would intervene . “we will continue to work with our international partners to see how they may be able to impress on president yameen the need to have an all inclusive election , ” he said .

it is unclear whether the government of the maldives , a tiny archipelago nation in the indian ocean , southwest of india , would be amenable to such pressures . led by mr . yameen , it is increasingly isolated .

in october , it announced that it would withdraw from the commonwealth after facing criticism over human rights . since 2015 , mr . yameen has been prosecuting his political opponents and other leaders in the country . in june 2016 , a former vice president was convicted of trying to assassinate mr . yameen and sentenced to 15 years in prison .

mr . nasheed was elected in 2008 in the country’s first democratic election after three decades of autocratic rule by maumoon abdul gayoom , and he was forced out of office in 2012 in what his supporters described as a coup orchestrated by loyalists of mr . gayoom .

mr . nasheed was later arrested over accusations that he ordered the military to arrest a chief judge of the criminal court , whom he accused of acting on behalf of mr . gayoom .

the united nations working group on arbitrary detention found in 2015 that mr . nasheed did not receive a fair trial , and it concluded that several factors strongly suggested that his conviction was politically motivated . mr . yameen , who is mr . gayoom’s half brother , won the presidential election in 2013 .

a spokesman for the president’s office did not respond to calls for comment on thursday .

mohamed shainee , the government minister of fisheries and agriculture , said in an interview with the indian news website the wire in january that the government was open to talks , with “no preconditions . ”

please sign in and use this article ' s on page print button to print this article .

republican members of colorado’s legislative audit committee outlined a proposal today to ensure that state film incentives are going only to companies that qualify for them — and then said the legislature needs to have a serious discussion in 2018 about whether it’s time to eliminate the five - year - old program altogether .

the discussion came in response to a scathing june audit that said the program has given money to ineligible projects , promised money that the state didn’t have to give and agreed to pay producers without the proper submission of paperwork .

committee members voted unanimously to have state officials draw up a bill proposal that would tighten the language on which companies are considered in - state production companies and are eligible for a greater array of incentives .

the proposal also would fund the film office’s contracting with a certified public accounting firm to verify that companies have complied with state rules enough to receive incentives . and it would allow the film office to take back awarded funding if it is discovered later that production companies did not meet minimum standards in areas like spending or local hiring .

but just as soon as the committee signaled bipartisan backing for that concept , state rep . dan nordberg , r - colorado springs , said that even such a legislative clean - up of the statutes may not be enough to right a program that he and other legislative republicans have said is an improper use of tax funding and has been reluctant to follow the rules that were set out for it when the incentives program was created in 2012 .

and he said that legislators need to have a “serious conversation” during the session that begins in january about whether the roughly $ 1 . 25 million going this year to the program — $ 750 , 000 in available incentives and $ 500 , 000 in operational expenses — should be nixed during a time of budget shortfalls .

“to some degree , yes , there are always things that can be improved upon . but a lot of the controls in place are sufficient , and they’re being blatantly disregarded , ” nordberg said . “i think there is a broader conversation incumbent upon the general assembly [ the legislature ' s official name ] to discuss this office and whether it’s something we should continue with . ”

the effort will not be the first to end the incentives program , as republicans have suggested the move virtually every year since its establishment , sometimes teaming unsuccessfully with liberal democrats who also questioned whether the limited state resources going toward the program could be spent better elsewhere .

however , this new push will come one year after legislators agreed to cut the incentives budget from its typical allotment of $ 3 million down to $ 750 , 000 , suggesting some of its long - standing support may be eroding at least a little bit .

copeland said after the hearing that she agrees with the bill giving her office more oversight over the disbursement of the incentives , which are approved before a project begins filming by the colorado economic development commission .

but she pushed back against the assertions of nordberg and sen . tim neville , r - littleton , who suggested that divisions of public companies that run into so much criticism of their practices eventually get shut down by their companies .

“i would assert that representative nordberg is wrong on whether a company would shut down a division based on competence of governance . they would change the governance , ” said copeland , who served as president of boulder - based communications - infrastructure firm zayo group before becoming the state’s top economic - development official in january . “the comments weren’t surprising . ”

while republicans appear to be falling more in line behind the idea of ending film incentives , they still have a way to go to win over legislative democrats who have backed the program .

, she believes the right course is to correct them and continue trying to build the state’s film - production economy .

“it’s not something that i would like to just see go away , ” jahn said .

dbj & bellco are proud to present one of our most popular networking events . enjoy appetizers and cocktails as you catch up with old associates and make new business connections . take time to explore the space gallery in the heart of the arts district .

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french president emmanuel macron asked his turkish counterpart recep tayyip erdogan to free detained french journalist loup bureau during a telephone conversation sunday .

macron requested " the quick liberation and . . . return to france " of bureau , said a statement released by the french presidential office .

" the two presidents agreed to make further contact , and at the ministerial level as well , in order to arrive at a positive outcome , " the statement from the elysee palace said of the journalist ' s plight .

bureau , 27 , was arrested on july 26 and accused of having links to kurdish militias , which turkey regards as terrorist groups .

he is studying for a master ' s degree in journalism but has also worked as a reporter , notably on a story for the french channel tv5 in 2013 on the syrian group , the kurdish people ' s protection units ( ypg ) .

macron and erdogan also discussed the situation in syria , iraq and thegulf region as well as the battle against terrorism , with franceworking to create a specialist contact group to discuss syria on the sidelines of the un general assembly next month .

foreign journalists have repeatedly been accused by the turkish government of supporting terrorism for reporting on kurdish groups , adding to tensions between erdogan and the eu .

bureau is the third french journalist to be detained in turkey in the past year .

in june , turkey deported french photojournalist mathias depardon after holding him for a month on charges of supporting terror groups .

deniz yucel , a correspondent for the german daily die welt , has been held since february , personally accused by erdogan of working as a " terror agent " .

turkey ranks 155 on the latest rsf world press freedom index after dropping four places from its 2016 ranking .


the moor frog ( rana arvalis ) is a slim , reddish-brown , semiaquatic amphibian native to europe and asia .

it is a member of the family ranidae , or true frogs .

moor frog

moor frog <EOT> scientific name of moor frog is " rana arvalis " . it means " frog of the field " and it refers to the favorite habitat of this species . moor frog is also known as " altai brown frog " since certain populations of moor frogs inhabit altai mountain in asia .

moor frogs / rana arvalis / blue frog . david attenborough ' s opinion - youtube

moor frog , rana arvalis nilsson , 1842 history and origin the moor frog was first described by nilsson in 1842 , the scientific name of this species is rana arvalis . rana is latin and means frog . more

local adaptation and genetics of acid - stress tolerance in the moor frog , rana arvalis .

genetic population differentiation and connectivity among fragmented moor frog ( rana arvalis ) populations in the netherlands .

the moor frog inhabits the zones of tundra , forest tundra , forest , forest steppe , and steppe . in europe , the frog generally inhabits drier and more open sites than the common frog

moor frog has slim body , forked tongue , horizontal pupils , short hind legs and partially webbed feet .

räsänen kr , laurila a , merilä j . geographic variation in acid stress tolerance of the moor frog ,

geographic variation in acid stress tolerance of the moor frog , rana arvalis . ii . adaptive maternal effects .

the moor frog’s scientific name is rana arvalis meaning “frog of the fields” . it is also called the altai brown frog because frogs from the altai mountains in asia have been included in the rana arvalis species . more

sherman cdh , sagvik j , olsson m . female choice for males with greater fertilization success in the swedish moor frog ,

milan vogrin | all galleries > > amphibians > moor frog rana arvalis plavček _ mg _ 6348 - 1 . jpg previous | next moor frog rana arvalis plavček _ mg _ 6348 - 1 . jpg 14 - mar - 2008 moor frog rana arvalis plavček _ mg _ 6348 - 1 . jpg canon eos 5d 1 / 400s f / 8 . 0 at 100 . more

moor frog is equally well adapted to the life in the water and on the solid ground ( semi - aquatic species ) .

moor frog is a carnivore ( meat - eater ) . its diet is based on insects ( aquatic beetles ) and slugs .

[ geographic variation of sexual dimorphism in the moor frog ( rana arvalis ) as a result of differences in reproductive strategies ] .

geographic variation in acid stress tolerance of the moor frog , rana arvalis . ii . adaptive maternal effects . - pubmed - ncbi

stugren b ( 1966 ) geographic variation and distribution of the moor frog , rana arvalis nilss . ann zool fenn 3 : 29–39

moor frog rana arvalis barska aba _ mg _ 1998 - 111 . jpg moor frog rana arvalis barska aba _ mg _ 1998 - 111 . jpg toads _ bufo toads _ bufo edible frog pelophylax ( rana ) kl . esculentus zelena aba _ mg _ 1049 - 11 . jpg edible frog pelophylax ( rana ) kl . esculentus zelena aba _ mg _ 1049 - 11 . more

the moor frog resembles the brown frog . he however has a more pointed snout and usually a wide light colored stripe on his back . the main difference between the two frogs is a lump on one toe of the hind leg . this protuberance is much thicker on the moor frog than on the brown frog . such a cusp is useful when digging a hole for his winter home . moor frogs hibernate namely on land and not in the water .

colour pattern morphs of the moor frog ( rana arvalis ) in europe kåre fog colour pattern morphs of the moor frog ( rana arvalis ) in denmark kåre fog determination of newly metamorphosed froglets of the brown frogs rana arvalis , r . temporaria and r . more

when moor frog detects danger , it will try to jump away from potential predator and hide in the grass or in the soil .

a breeding aggregation of male moor frogs ( r . arvalis ) ( a ) and a pair of moor frogs in amplexus ( b )

common frog ( that is mainly adult specimens ) exhibits nocturnal and crepuscular activity . moor frogs hibernate in scattering on land , in piles of

[ geographic variation of sexual dimorphism in the moor frog ( rana arvalis ) as a result of differences in reproductive strategies ] . - pubmed - ncbi

. four species of these frogs were noted in the area of the wigry national park ( there is no marsh frog and no agile frog ) .

improvement of breeding success of the moor frog ( rana arvalis ) by liming of acid moorland pools and the consequences of liming for water chemistry and diatoms .

the moor frog is classified as least concern . does not qualify for a more at risk category . widespread and abundant taxa are included in this category .

young moor frogs reach sexual maturity at the age of 2 to 5 years .

the moor frog inhabits the zones of tundra , forest tundra , forest , forest steppe , and steppe . in europe , the frog generally inhabits drier and more open sites than the common frog ( rana temporaria ) , including forest edges and glades , swamps , meadows , fields , bushlands gardens , etc . more

spawning by the moor frog peaks later than that of the common frog . the clutch contains 500 - 3000 eggs deposited usually in one , rarely in two clumps . metamorphosis occurs from the beginning of june to october in different regions . more

construction of underground tunnels across the road ( action c . 1 ) , in areas where there has been the largest amphibian mortality on roads , can help to protect these animals and maintain the proper size of their populations ; this risk occurs in all areas of the project and applies to all species of amphibians , especially the common toad , common frog , moor frog , pool frog and the european common frog .

) . commercial paints absorb in the uv light , resulting in a maximum reflection of the blue model frog at longer wavelengths than in the actual moor frogs ( fig .

in the netherlands , habitat fragmentation for small ground - dwelling animal species with limited dispersal capacity is relatively recent . an example of such a species is the moor frog (

improvement of breeding success of the moor frog ( rana arvalis ) by liming of acid moorland pools and the consequences of liming for water chemistry . . . - pubmed - ncbi

ries c , spaethe j , sztatecsny m , strondl c , hödl w . turning blue and ultraviolet : sex - specific colour change during mating season in the balkan moor frog .

common frog adopt bluish or blue - lilac pigmentation of their skin in the dewlap area .

kaplan rh ( 1992 ) greater maternal investment can decrease o . spring survival in the frog

genetic structure , metapopulation processes and evolution influence the conservation strategies for two endangered frog species .

is a little smaller than common frog , reaching the length of 8 centimetres , while the common frog reaches the length of even 10 centimetres . the end of the muzzle of the moor frog is narrowing and visibly sharpened while at common frog it is bluntly rounded . pigmentation of brown frogs is very changeable . generally saying , the dorsal part of the body is prevailingly pigmented with a brown colour , spots have a darker colour , which often is black . the ventral part of the body is often pigmented with a yellow or whitish colour and the spots - which are also present there - are less visible at a moor frog and more visible

an edible frog exhibits typically diurnal activity and - contrary to its name - is a more land - like form in comparison to a pond frog . an edible frog is a large , stocky amphibian which reaches the length of 10 - 12 centimetres while a pond frog is smaller and much more delicate and reaches the length of only 7 , 5 - 8 centimetres .

here ' s a short video in case you were wondering what sound a moor frog ( rana arvalis ) makes during the mating season . this footage was shot in the netherlands in 2013 .

low phylogeographic structure in a wide spread endangered australian frog litoria aurea ( anura : hylidae ) .

fine - scale genetic structure in the threatened foothill yellow - legged frog ( rana boylii ) .

the moor frog inhabits the zones of tundra , forest tundra , forest , forest steppe , and steppe , forest edges and glades , semi - desert , swamps , meadows , fields , bush lands , gardens . it generally inhabits drier and more open sites than the common frog ( rana temporaria ) , including forest edges and glades , swamps , meadows , fields , bushlands gardens , etc . indeed the moor frog is in the european region probably a more thermophilous species than the sympatric common frog . it frequently occurs in warmer and drier microhabitats . in siberia , the species lives mainly in open swamps .

are amphibians with long , vivacious legs and well developed natatorial membranes , possess relatively smooth , moist skin and well developed tympanic membranes . there are six species of frogs in poland , whereas the edible frog is often regarded to be a fertile crossbreed created in the course of crossbreeding of a pond frog and a marsh frog . they are conventionally divided into the " green frogs " - that is pond frog

lind mi , persbo f , johansson f . pool desiccation and developmental thresholds in the common frog ,

lind mi , johansson f . costs and limits of phenotypic plasticity in island populations of the common frog

) . genetic structure , metapopulation processes and evolution influence the conservation strategies for two endangered frog species .

keywords : amfibian , reptile , moor frog , rana arvalis make : nikon corporation model : nikon d80 orientation : 1 x resolution : 300 y resolution : 300 software : capture nx 1 . 2 . more

natural enemies of adult moor frogs are beavers , while insects such as dragonflies and hawkers hunt and eat tadpoles .

hettyey a , herczeg g , hoi h . testing the phenotype - linked fertility hypothesis in male moor frogs (

although the northern slopes of the hills still are covered with snow and ice in interdune depressions has not melted yet , spring has begun . eagles and ravens , for which there was no shortage of animal carcasses this winter , returns to their territories . sky is full of winged travelers going home . forests and grasslands are full of bird voices . it seems that the bird songs suppress all the other sounds of nature , and yet , if well - listened , from sun shined waters it can be heard something like a cat purring , whereas distant dog barking , there spawn brown frogs and toads . brown frogs are the very first that start to spawn . their body is in brown tones . in latvia there are two brown frog species - the common frog and the moor frog . both species are difficult to tell apart , but in the spring - mating time , it is a lot easier to do . frog mating songs are different . common frogs at spawning site purr as a cat , but moor frog sounds as if something was bubbling in a huge pot . often these two species are heard in one place . males of both species during mating time turn bluish . common frog male at this time obtains bluish dewlap , while moor frog males also have bluish flanks . in addition , the moor frog has more pointed nose and shorter limbs .

greene ae , funk wc . sexual selection on morphology in an explosive breeding amphibian , the columbia spotted frog (

the moor frog is heavily built with a wedge - shaped body . the colour varies from grey to yellow or brown . the belly is light in colour . the snout is pointed . the species thrives in moiste forests . more

at northern coast of courland in suitable habitats frogs are found in large numbers . in snp the common frog is occurred more often , but in some places , such as pēterezera viga moor frog spawn in large numbers . it is included in the latvian red list . as a specially protected brown frogs are included in the appendix of eu habitats directive and the berne convention . frog presence gives the evidence of environmental quality . frogs have priceless role in food chains .

publications - moor frog ( rana arvalis , nilsson 1842 ) in press , 2009 , 2008 , 2007 , 2006 , 2004 , 2003 , 2002 , 2001 in press back to the top 2009 hettyey a . , g . herczeg , a . more

frog and pond frog are present in the central and eastern europe . they are common in the whole area of poland , especially in lowlands . they inhabit all sorts of environments , however , edible frog is mainly observed in larger ponds and lakes rich in water vegetation and much more seldom at riverbanks while a pond frog inhabits small and medium sized water reservoirs just like forest and field ponds , melioration ditches , flood waters in boggy meadows . edible frog is often present in the area of the wigry national park in larger lakes such us : the wigry lake , the pierty lake , the królówek lake while pond frog is often seen in smallish dystrophic lakes - that is so called " suchar " . the dorsal part of the body of

the moor frog can be found along the whole coastline of the netherlands , however it is a rare species . there are none living on the frisian wadden islands . it is bonded to a low , damp terrain and needs open water for reproduction . more

johansson f , veldhoen n , lind mi , helbing cc . phenotypic plasticity in the hepatic transcriptome of the european common frog (

) that formerly contained large , continuous areas of moor frog suitable habitat . currently , moor frog habitat has been strongly reduced in area and increased in fragmentation . noord - brabant and drenthe differ in their extent of habitat fragmentation . the average distance among ponds in noord - brabant ( 8629 m ) is almost twice the distance among ponds in drenthe ( 4612 m ) . in addition , matrix permeability is lower in noord - brabant because of higher farming intensity , urbanisation , road density and traffic intensity ( van der sluis and vos

ries c , sztatecsny m , hödl w ( 2008b ) geschlechtsspezifischer farbwechsel beim moorfrosch ( rana arvalis ) während der paarungszeit . in : glandt d , jehle r ( eds ) der moorfrosch / the moor frog . z feldherpetologie suppl . 13 , laurenti , bielefeld , pp 127–134

> 0 . 07 in all cases ) . in the behavioural experiments , male moor frogs spent almost four times as much time in contact and in amplexus with the brown as with the blue frog model with the differences being highly significant ( wilcoxon signed - rank test ; contact ,

during the mating season , males produce mating calluses ( these are black pachynses on the toes of the front limbs ) and resonators in even number inside the oral cavity . moreover , the back of males of a moor frog adopts intensively blue colour during the mating season . males of

jefferson , d . m . and russell , r . w . , ontogenetic and fertilizer effects on stable isotopes in the green frog (

driscoll da ( 1998 ) genetic structure , metapopulation processes and evolution influence the conservation strategies for two endangered frog species . biol conserv 83 : 43–54

monsen kj , blouin ms ( 2003 ) genetic structure in a montane ranid frog : restricted geneflow and nuclear–mitochondrial disconcordance . mol ecol 12 : 3275–3286

) . fragmentation started around 1910 in noord - brabant but only after 1932 in drenthe . because moor frogs become adult in the third year of life ( hartung

moor frogs hibernate during the winter . in the warmer areas , hibernation lasts from november to february , while in the colder areas it lasts from september to june .

vos cc ( 1999 ) a frog’s - eye view of the landscape . quantifying connectivity for fragmented amphibian populations . ph . d . thesis wageningen university , wageningen

hettyey a , herczeg g , laurila a , crochet p - a , merila j . body temperature , size , nuptial colouration and mating success in male moor frogs (

pakkasmaa s , merilä j , o ' hara r ( 2003 ) genetic and maternal effect influences on viability of common frog tadpoles under di . erent environmental conditions .

a fully grown adult male moor frog is up to seven centimeters long and reddish - brown in color . but every year , between march and june , the frog exhibits chameleon - like tendencies . during this period , the frogs emerge from their winter hibernation and are naturally in the mood to procreate . they populate the ponds in the lowlands of central and southern europe , completely filling the air with their mating calls . the sounds they create are similar to the noise of air released from a bottle under water .

moor frog has smooth , reddish - brown , or sometimes olive , grey or yellowish skin with dark spots on the back and lateral sides of the body . it has single pale stripe that runs centrally on the back . belly is white or yellow - colored , without any marks . black , bandit - like mask stretches from nose to ears .

the moor frog certainly cannot turn into a prince with true love’s kiss . but this seemingly uninteresting amphibian is capable of something quite spectacular – it changes color from a boring brown to an azure blue , just to be able to distinguish between genders during mating season . the ‘before’ and ‘after’ pictures are really quite unbelievable – it looks they’re two different frogs .

hedengren i ( 1987 ) selection of body size , arm length and colour in male and female moor frogs ( rana arvalis ) . msc thesis . university of stockholm , stockholm , sweden

mating season of moor frogs takes place during the spring ( from march to june ) . males become bluish - colored to facilitate identification of potential mating partners ( brown - colored females ) .

common frog . there is a very distinct marking of the so - called " mask " - that is a black temple spot , linked with nasal spots in front of the muzzle .

grafe tu , preininger d , sztatecsny m , kasah r , dehling jm , proksch s , hödl w . multimodal communication in a noisy environment : a case study of the bornean rock frog

) . the dorsal body colouration in both sexes of the moor frog outside the breeding period is generally beige brown , grey and rufous with darker and lighter stripes running along the back . during their migration to the breeding pond , male colouration changes from beige to an almost uniformly dark greyish brown ( some males appearing almost pinkish before turning grey ) . males turn blue when they enter the pond ( fig .

until 1850 , the two studied landscapes formed large areas of unfragmented habitat with many ponds as potential breeding sites for the moor frog . since then , habitat loss and fragmentation has been more pronounced in noord - brabant . for instance , a study on water retention in noord - brabant showed that the surface area of ponds has decreased by almost 97 % due to direct loss of ponds and lowered water tables (

) , may contribute to the maintenance of genetic diversity in moor frog populations . alternatively , the numbers of alleles found in the populations may indicate that current population sizes are higher than estimated based on egg clump counts . population differentiation and assignment tests indicated that several populations belong to the same population complex . if populations encompass more than a single breeding pond , drift and local loss of genetic diversity would be diminished .

the moor frogs ( rana arvalis ) have finally woken up . normally they leave their hibernating homes around the half of march . this year , they are much later because of the prolonged cold weather in march .

to make our model frogs , we created a silicone cast from a preserved male moor frog specimen and filled it with polyurethane resin ( neukadur multicast 1 , altropol , stocklsdorf , germany ) . the resulting cast frogs were fitted with artificial glass eyes and airbrush painted with acrylics in either brown or blue resembling the base colouration of non - breeding males or females and that of breeding males as assessed by the human eye ( fig .

gomez d , richardson c , lengagne t , plenet s , joly p , léna j - p , théry m . the role of nocturnal vision in mate choice : females prefer conspicuous males in the european tree frog (

but the male moor frogs aren’t trying to attract females ; in fact the brown females do not actively pursue potential mates . it is the male frogs that are always on the look out for a partner , and choosing the wrong partner means wasting valuable time . moor frogs can be found in great numbers at the milicz group of ponds in south - western poland’s barycz river valley . the frogspawn in the region get so thick that the waters of the ponds actually look muddy .

the spatial configuration of the moor frog habitat , the habitat types in the matrix between suitable habitat patches and linear elements such as roads , railroads and ditches were recorded from a topographical map 1 : 25 , 000 using a geographic information system . distances between all ponds were calculated from pond border to pond border . to correct for the relative permeability of the landscape mosaic , area and length of habitat types and linear landscape elements were calculated in a 200 m wide strip between ponds ( vos et al .

) . from each pond all egg clumps found were sampled . from each single egg clump , a small number of eggs were sampled and risen in the laboratory . species - specific characteristics were checked at the tadpole stage . from each moor frog egg clump one tadpole was used for dna extraction . remaining tadpoles were returned to their pond of origin . due to small population sizes , mortality during raising and misidentification of egg clumps , the sample size of some populations dropped to less than 20 tadpoles ( table

) . currently , breeding ponds are on average 8 . 6 km apart , compared to 4 . 6 km in drenthe . dispersal distances of individual moor frogs have been estimated to be 1–3 km , with a strong reduction in pond occupancy by roads ( hartung

and strongly protected moor frogs and was luckly enough to get as near to them as possible . there are just few days in the year the male frogs changing their colour blue , and usually the time those behaviour takes place is from the mid of april to may . more

) , and in our study population , both reached the highest intensity during sunny afternoons ( ms personal observation ) . we frequently observed male moor frogs actively searching for approaching females , attempting to take over mated females scrambling among each other . mating balls of several individuals clinging to a female ( verrell and mccabe

we collected data for a population of moor frogs at a pond in eastern austria ( 47°10′ n , 16°5′ e ) . as estimated by a spawn clump census , the number of breeding adults exceeded 5 , 000 individuals in 2011 , and spawning took place in dense assemblages where male densities reached 20 individuals m

is a species easily adaptable to life in anthropogenic conditions . some urban populations of this species are fairly large and safe , if suitable habitats are available . some forms of human activity lead to an increase in the frog ' s number and their dispersal . for example , the construction of forest rides with numerous artificial holes filled with water .

the aim of our study was to assess the genetic differentiation between samples from the lowlands north of the carpathians and those from the pannonian basin , including the isolated romanian sample . we surveyed allozymic variation to measure the extent of genetic divergence among these three allopatric groups of populations . additionally we looked for patterns of genetic variation within and between populations to gain insight into the past history of the moor frog populations . since the subspecific status of european populations of rana arvalis was based on differences in body proportions , we also studied the morphometric differentiation of the same samples which were used for electrophoretic analysis to see if morphological variation is paralleled by genetic divergence . a more detailed report on the morphological differentiation will be given elsewhere .

there is an obvious lack of dimorphism in this species – both male and female frogs look pretty much the same . so , as thousands of moor frogs gather at the ponds , it becomes quite difficult for them to differentiate between the sexes . and nature has a perfect answer to this dilemma – the males magically transform their bodies to an attractive shade of blue .

did you know ? in the dense schools of tadpoles ( several hundred individuals per liter ) , density - dependent regulation of development takes place : the density does not influence larval survival rate directly but influences the probability of successful metamorphosis because fastly developing tadpoles often complete their transformation , while slowly developing specimens die in drying wetlands . the name rana arvalis means “frog of the fields” .

we found small to moderate ( f st = 0 . 022 in drenthe ; f st = 0 . 060 in noord - brabant ) population differentiation in the two study areas in the netherlands . the relatively longer time - span and higher level of habitat fragmentation ( including increased interpond distances ) for noord - brabant could be the cause of the higher f st - values among its moor frog populations . the higher degree of population isolation in noord - brabant , compared to drenthe , can also be discerned from the lower numbers of alleles , the fixation of locus rrd590a in eight out of twelve populations , and the significantly lower degree of heterozygosity . a different recolonisation history of the two areas causing different basic population differentiation seems unlikely because both areas are only 150 km apart . furthermore , the range of allele sizes was comparable in both areas .

including forest edges and glades , swamps , meadows , fields , bushlands gardens , etc . in siberia , the species lives mainly in open swamps . the frog penetrates tundra and steppe in association with arboreal vegetation , primarily along intrazonal landscapes of river valleys . at the southern and northern limits of its range , in tundra , forest , and true steppes , the species lives near water bodies : rivers , lakes etc . there the populations of

we have not been able to show any effects of other landscape elements . it may be that the positive and / or negative effects are too weak to have become significant after a limited number of generations . however , it may also be that the way in which we have calculated a type of structural connectivity measure , along 200 - m strips through the landscape , does not accurately reflect the landscape as experienced by moor frogs . for a more functional connectivity measure for

small bulky frog , 5 , 5 - 6 cm long ( up to 7 cm ) . dorsal coloration grey , light - olive , brown , yellowish or rufous , during the breeding season bluish . dark spots of 1 - 3 mm on dorsal and lateral surfaces varying considerably in number , arrangement and size . light middorsal band with regular edges frequently present . “bandid like” black marking running from the nose to the ears . belly white or yellowish without pattern or with pallid - brownish or greyish spots on the throat and chest .

) . finally , a clear coat was sprayed over the models to protect the paint from water and add a realistic sheen . to present the live moor frogs with the models , we attached a blue and a brown model 70 cm apart from each other on fishing rods ( 1 . 2 m long ) that were connected to the two ends of the cross section of a t - shaped handle . the handle allowed keeping a constant distance between the model frogs and moving both models synchronously with the handler keeping a distance of approximately 1 . 5 m from models and live frogs .

common frogs spend the winter under the water , where they dig into the mud . most of the moor frogs spend winter on land . at spawning areas first arrive males . when they have found suitable place , they start singing and waiting for females , which arrive later and at the spawning site spends three times shorter time than the males . rut lasts only 2 - 3 weeks . males stick like a limpet to female . sometimes , unable to find a female , they tend to cling to one another , and even inanimate objects . females are larger than males and therefore are able to jump around with the lover on her back , as if it was a backpack and nothing more . female releases spawn at the bottom of water body , at the same time ' backpack ' - the male releases sperm and it is done - the spawn is fertilized . after a day pericarp swells up and rises to the surface . depending on water temperature , sooner or later from the spawn will hatch tadpoles .

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the intraspecific systematics of this species need further study . animals from the altai mountains have for a long time been considered as a separate subspecies of rana arvalis or as the species rana altaica . this has largely been on the basis of their shorter shins and large inner metatarsal tubercle . similar frogs have since been found in other parts of the range of rana arvalis ( e . g . . in the north of european russia and in the urals ) and in siberia some animals display transient characters between rana arvalis and the altaic taxon . until this taxonomic issue is fully resolved we include rana altaica within rana arvalis .

justification : listed as least concern in view of its wide distribution , tolerance of a broad range of habitats , presumed large population , and because it is unlikely to be declining fast enough to qualify for listing in a more threatened category .

this species is found throughout most of the northern , central and eastern parts of europe , eastwards to siberia ( yakutia and baikal lake ) , russia and xinjiang province , china . it is no longer believed to be present in serbia and the original records were probably in error ( kalezic and dzukic 2001 ) . it is typically a lowland species , but can occur at altitudes close to 1 , 500 m asl ( altai mountains ) .

it is generally common , and is abundant in central - eastern europe . it is extinct in switzerland in the extreme southwestern part of its wide range . it is considered to be rare and declining in china .

it occurs in a wide variety of habitats including tundra , forest tundra , forest , forest steppe , steppe , forest edges and glades , semi - desert , swamps , peatlands , moorlands , meadows , fields , bush lands , gardens . it has a breeding season , and spawning and larval development takes place in various stagnant water bodies of low acidity , including lakes , ponds , swamps , puddles and ditches . there is some evidence that the species can occur in agricultural landscapes , and in some areas it appears to be adapting to urban conditions ( e . g . vershinin 1997 ) .

it is threatened by the destruction and pollution of breeding ponds ( including acidification ) and adjacent wetland and terrestrial habitats , especially through urbanization , recreation , tourism , industry and overstocking of cattle . additional threats are prolonged drought and predation of spawn by waterfowl . chytrid fungus was detected in this species in berlin , germany - however the extent to which this is a threat is unknown .

it is listed on appendix ii of the berne convention and on annex iv of the eu natural habitats directive . it is protected by national legislation in many countries and has been recorded in a number of national and sub - national red data books and lists . it is presumed to be present in a many protected areas . in parts of the species ' range , mitigation measures to reduce road kill have been established .

reformatted names of assessor ( s ) , reviewer ( s ) , contributor ( s ) , facilitator ( s ) and / or compiler ( s ) .

( errata version published in 2016 ) . the iucn red list of threatened species 2009 : e . t58548a86232114 .

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distribution : eastern and northern parts of europe , normally at low altitudes . westernmost region is the alsace ; southernmost regions in croatia - romania . absent from great britain and ireland . size : about 4 - 6 . 5 cm ; about 4 - 6 . 5 cm pupil : , horizontally elliptic ;

bern convention ( annex 3 ) ; red data books of rostov province and buryatia republic , both in russia .

seem to be isolated . spawning and early development occurs in stagnant waters , including lakes , ponds , swamps , puddles and ditches , which are from several meters to some hectares in area and from few centimeters to two meters in depth .

is one of the most abundant amphibians in the central and eastern europe , as well as west siberia . there , its population density reaches several hundred individuals per hectare . local density may be higher , such as in breeding ponds where 15 - 20 individuals per 1 m

the proportion of the two species varies also by year , and in some areas the dominance of one or another species alternates . density - dependent regulation is important in overcrowded tadpole groups , where several hundred individuals per liter sometimes occur , as well as in the dense groups of recently metamorphosed froglets . however , habitat peculiarities and fluctuations in weather and climate appear to be more important in terms of the overall population dynamics .

the species is generally neither declining , nor threatened . however , isolated peripheral populations may be vulnerable from human influences and deserve special attention or protection . only in some areas highly transformed by people ( destruction of breeding ponds and adjacent terrestrial habitats , especially during urbanization , recreation and the overpasturage of cattle ) have the populations declined .

in addition to the above mentioned anthropogenic factors of the species local declines , industrial pollution also negatively affects populations , including those living in cities . it leads to an increase of frequency of morphological abnormalities and disturbances in embryonic and larval development . nevertheless ,

bannikov , a . g . , darevsky , i . s . and rustamov , a . k . ( 1971 ) .

bannikov , a . g . , darevsky , i . s . , ishchenko , v . g . , rustamov , a . k . , and szczerbak , n . n . ( 1977 ) .

opredelitel zemnovodnykh i presmykayushchikhsya fauny sssr [ guide to amphibians and reptiles of the ussr fauna ] .

dinamicheskii polimophizm burykh lyagushek fauny sssr [ dynamic polymorphism of the brown frogs of ussr fauna ] .

ishchenko , v . g . and ledentsov , a . v . ( 1985 ) . ' ' [ ecological aspects of the postmetamorphic growth in

fauna of russia and adjacent countries : amphibians ( english translation of nikolsky , 1918 , faune de la russie et des pays limitrophes . amphibiens . académie russe des sciences , petrograd , ussr ) .

mémoires de l ' académie impériale des sciences de st . - pétersbourg , série 8 , phys . - math , vol . 17 , sofia , moscow .

szczerbak , n . n . and szczerban , m . i . ( 1980 ) .

terent ' ev , p . v . and chernov , s . a ( 1965 ) .

sergius l . kuzmin ( ipe51 at yahoo . com ) , institute of ecology and evolution , russian academy of sciences , moscow

> university of california , berkeley , ca , usa . accessed jul 9 , 2018 .

> university of california , berkeley , ca , usa . accessed 9 jul 2018 .

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adults consume mainly terrestrial prey , aquatic invertebrates ( slugs , diving beetles etc . ) are irregularly consumed in smaller proportions .

for air transport , container note 45 of the iata live animals regulations should be followed .

this species is found throughout most of the northern , central and eastern parts of europe , eastwards to siberia ( yakutia and baikal lake ) , russia and xinjiang province , china . it is no longer believed to be present in serbia and the original records were probably in error ( kalezic and dzukic , 2001 ) . it is typically a lowland species , but can occur at altitudes close to 1 , 500m asl . ( altai mountains ) .

hans - martin braun removed a common name in an unknown language from " rana arvalis nilsson , 1842 " .

hans - martin braun added an unknown common name in an unknown language to " rana arvalis nilsson , 1842 " .

c . michael hogan marked " range description " as visible on the " rana arvalis nilsson , 1842 " page .

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males attract females via loud " waugh , waugh " calls , which resemble the sound that empty bottle produces when placed in the water .

spawning lasts 3 to 28 days . females lay one or two sets of 1 . 000 to 3 . 000 eggs in the shallow , warm water .

tadpoles feed on algae and small aquatic invertebrates . they complete their transformation into froglets ( young frogs ) from june to october ( depending on the location and temperature ) . slowly transforming tadpoles often die before they complete metamorphosis due to drying of the pools .

this is a clip from " rhythms of nature in the barycz valley " movie . this film tells the story about nature in the barycz river valley and enormous milicz ponds . this area is located in the south - western part of poland ( in the middle of europe ) . i and my wife made it for 2 years . sir david attenborough , a world - famous bbc nature documentary film maker , after watching the film " rhythms of nature in the barycz valley " wrote : " i have viewed rhythms of nature with great pleasure . a lovely place , beautifully filmed " more on urltoken

the males arrive at the shallowest ends of the ponds before the females . they turn blue for just a week and let out their mating calls , waiting for their partners to arrive . when the females finally decide to make an appearance , the males move around a lot , eager to find their potential mates . when a suitable female is spotted , they rush towards her all at once . in all the confusion , it’s actually quite easy to make a mistake . but despite all the color change , the males do end up choosing the wrong partner at times !

real - life dr . doolittle claims she can communicate with animals , even dead ones

woman swept away by wave 1 . 5 years ago recently found unconscious on nearby beach , wearing the same clothes as when she disappeared

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department of aquatic ecology and biogeology , catholic university of nijmegen , toernooiveld , 6525 ed nijmegen , the netherlands .

a curated database of candidate human ageing - related genes and genes associated with longevity and / or ageing in model organisms .

a curated database of genes associated with dietary restriction in model organisms either from genetic manipulation experiments or gene expression profiling .

projects focused on gene expression profiling of ageing and of dietary manipulations of ageing , such as caloric restriction .

software for ageing research , including the ageing research computational tools ( arct ) perl toolkit .

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the benchmark genome assembly and annotation of the long - lived , cancer - resistant naked mole - rat ( heterocephalus glaber ) .

a high - coverage genome of the bowhead whale ( balaena mysticetus ) , the longest - lived mammal .

analyses using the anage database to study the evolution of longevity and ageing in vertebrate lineages .

a portal of ageing changes covering different biological levels , integrating molecular , physiological and pathological age - related data .

the whosage database contains people and biotech companies that are contributing to increase our understanding of ageing and life - extension .

in the wild , females may live up to 11 years [ 0525 ] .

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received 2012 jun 16 ; revised 2012 sep 3 ; accepted 2012 sep 5 .

the online version of this article ( doi : 10 . 1007 / s00265 - 012 - 1412 - 6 ) contains supplementary material , which is available to authorized users .

) is a typical explosive breeder but differs from many similar species by the spectacular blue and dynamically changing nuptial colouration of males , which is maintained during the breeding period ( ries et al .

) , but the question of its communicative significance has remained largely unresolved . male blueness has been reported to be more intense in mated compared to non - mated males ( hedengren

) . upon arriving at the breeding pond , males establish large assemblages of several hundred individuals around suitable communal spawning sites ( fig .

) . we then measured body mass of each male to the nearest 0 . 1 g using an electronic miniscale and snout - urostyle length ( sul ) to the nearest 0 . 1 mm using vernier callipers and released all individuals immediately after data collection 100 m away from the spot of capture . from the obtained body measurements , we computed the scaled mass index

where m i and l i are the body mass and the sul of individual i , respectively ; b sma is the scaling exponent estimated by the standardised major axis ( sma ) regression of m on l ; l 0 is the mean sul for our population . the sma regression was performed with the freeware program smatr ( falster et al . 2006 ) . male sul and ibc have been shown to influence male mating success in explosive breeders and could be indicative of male quality ( davies and halliday 1977 ; höglund and säterberg 1989 ; vásquez and pfennig 2007 ; hettyey et al . 2009d ) .

) nor in sul , body mass or ibc from their non - mated rivals . average sul ± standard error ( se ) of the 19 non - mated and the 20 mated males was 56 . 96 ± 1 . 13 and 56 . 57 ± 0 . 8 mm ; mean body mass ± se was 27 . 28 ± 1 . 77 and 25 . 26 ± 1 . 49 g , and mean

> 0 . 1 for all comparisons ) . we also found no significant correlation between colour variables and male frogs’ body mass , sul and

we thank r . illek for his help with making the model frogs , s . számadó and two anonymous reviewers for their valuable comments on the manuscript , f . kottulinsky for the access to his property , and j . cornils , h . krebs , m . pluch , t . schernhammer , i . starnberger and k . veitschegger for their assistance in behavioural experiments . field work was conducted under permit number fa13c - 53s - 7 / 2011 - 89 , and the study was supported by the austrian science fund fwf - p22069 .

all experiments reported in this article comply with the current laws of austria , the country in which they were performed .

this article is distributed under the terms of the creative commons attribution license which permits any use , distribution , and reproduction in any medium , provided the original author ( s ) and the source are credited .

amphibiaweb : information on amphibian biology and conservation . ( 2012 ) available at : urltoken . accessed : april 2012

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hypselobarbus periyarensis is a species of cyprinid fish endemic to periyar lake in kerala , india .

this species can reach 50 cm ( 20 in ) in total length .

hypselobarbus periyarensis

hypselobarbus periyarensis <EOT> hypselobarbus periyarensis was first described by raj ( 1941 ) from the upstreams of periyar river , near peeramade , kerala , india .

" taxonomic notes : hypselobarbus periyarensis was first described by raj ( 1941 ) from the upstreams of periyar river , near peeramade , kerala , india . "

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gland , switzerland , 5 july 2018 ( iucn ) – australia’s unique reptiles – including lizards and snakes – face severe threats from invasive species and climate change , with 7 % of th . . .

the value of medicinal and aromatic plant trade has increased three - fold in the past 20 years , but traditional harvesting practices are being replaced by less sustainable alternatives . . . .

a recently released iucn technical brief recommends increasing investments in sustainable land management practices , as well as better cooperation between agriculturalists and conservationists to conse . . .

rema devi , k . r . , gopalakrishnan , a . , arunachalam , m . , johnson , j . a . , shrikant , j . , rahul , k . & molur , s .

is restricted to periyar river - lake system and the records of this speceis from other areas need taxonomic verification . the species is confined to an area of less than 30 km

in periyar with several threats impacting its habitat and population . it is therefore listed as endangered .

. however , the size of fish caught from periyar lake is known to have decreased compared to those caught from the upstream regions ( minimol 2000 ) . abundance index of

in periyar lake is less compared to the upstream reaches ( arun 1999 ) .

prefers deep water bodies especially streams flowing into large pools ( minimol 2000 ) as well as cascades with moderate water velocity ( euphrasia and kurup 2002 ) . rock , boulders and cobbles are the favoured substrates ( euphrasia and kurup 2002 ) .

is known to be an omnivore feeding predominantly on leaves , fruits , algae and worms ( minimol 2000 ) .

, is caught occasionally by local fishers in periyar lake and associated streams , and is known to be the fifth most landed fish species in the lake ( minimol 2000 ) . this is the most consumed native fish apart from the three exotics caught in periyar lake ( c . p . shaji pers . comm . ) .

. 2006 , periyar foundation 2006 ) . the township of thekkady on the banks of the periyar lake attracts approximately 4 . 5 lakhs tourists annually . around 6 - 7 diesel and 2 - speed boats ply for sight seeing in the lake on a daily basis , discharging oil into the lake . also the sewage waste from in and around kumily town is being decanted directly into the periyar lake . levels of nitrate and nitrite , phosphate , feacal coliforms , hydrocarbon and lead in the lake are higher than permissible limits ( kurup 2004 ) .

there is no specific conservation action in place . there is an immediate need to carry out research on population size , life history and ecology to inform management plans . the department of forest and wildlife , government of kerala is promoting the fishery of exotic fish species in periyar lake as a means to control their proliferation ( anvar ali pers . obs . )

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habitat description the african sharptooth catfish is found in lakes , streams , rivers , swamps and floodplains , many of which are subject to seasonal drying ( foa 2012 ) . the most common habitats are floodplain swamps and pools where it can survive during the dry season ( s ) due to its accessory air breathing organs ( foa 2012 ) .

geographical range native range : the african sharptooth catfish is almost pan - africa in distribution ( but is naturally absent from the maghreb , upper and lower guinea and cape provinces ) . it is present in jordan , lebanon , israel , syria and turkey ( fao 2012 ) . known introduced range : the sharptooth catfish has been widely introduced for farming / aquaculture purposes to other parts of africa , europe and asia ( fao 2012 ) .