the papuan king parrot ( alisterus chloropterus ) , also known as the green-winged king parrot , is a species of parrot in the family psittaculidae found in new guinea .

its natural habitats are subtropical or tropical moist lowland forests and subtropical or tropical moist montane forests .

papuan king parrot

papuan king parrot <EOT> they are the australian king parrot , alisterus scapularis , the papuan king parrot , alisterus chloropterus and the moluccan parrot alisterus amboinensis .

papuan king - parrot ( alisterus chloropterus ) by peter tan . | bird families : p , q | pinterest

the green - winged king parrot or papuan king parrot ( alisterus chloropterus chloropterus ) are endemic to northeastern new guinea west to huon peninsula and in the south to hall sound , papua .

male papuan king parrot , jurong bird park © peter tan [ cc by 2 . 0 ] , via wikimedia commons

papuan king parrot an 8mm orange eye that comes with a brown halo and a small pupil . price quoted per pair of eyes

the blue - naped parrot ( tanygnathus lucionensis ) , also known as the blue - crowned green parrot , luzon parrot , the philippine green parrot , and locally known as pikoy , is a parrot found throughout the philippines .

alisterus chloropterus in latin or papuan king parrot has an 8mm orange eye that comes with a brown halo and a small pupil . price quoted per pair of eyes

the moluccan king parrot is sometimes referred to as the ambon king parrot or the amboina king parrot , and it is a species endemic to the peleny island , maluka and west papua in indonesia , however , it is found on numerous other islands than ambon . there are six sub - species recognized .

avianweb note : the light green patch is missing in the amboina king parrot , and is larger as featured on this page on the green - winged king parrot - please refer to image on top .

in the wild , the king parrot nests deep within tree hollows and therefore require a nest box at least 120cm deep . it is advantageous to provide numerous eucalypt branches for perches to simulate the dense forest environment enjoyed by the king parrot

alisterus scapularis . australian king parrot . courtesy of jon bragg cc by - sa 2 . 0 license . { flickr }

the sri lanka hanging parrot ( loriculus beryllinus ) is a small parrot which is a resident endemic breeder in sri lanka .

enicognathus leptorhynchus ( king ) 1831 pzs pt1 no . 1 p . 14 concept

king parrots are quieter and less destructive than other parrot species . the challenges that you might experience with them maybe poor socialization - in which case patience and time in taming and gaining the trust of the parrot is necessary .

other species found in the cool montane forest include lesser melampitta , stephanie’s astrapia , yellow - browed melidectes and forbes’s forest - rail , notorious for its skulking behaviour . ambua will delight parrot aficionados – you may see papuan king - parrot , lorikeets and tiger - parrots . many rarer birds are found here too , but you will need luck to find papuan treecreeper , new guinea harpy eagle , northern logrunner , and the timid sanford’s bowerbird .

the king parrot is a very attractive and acrobatic aviary bird . they require a four to five metre long by one to two metres wide aviary to keep them comfortable and happy . breeding king parrots can be a challenge that brings rich rewards .

we saw papuan king - parrots flying in the gloom and heard a magnificent riflebird . the call of the riflebird here is quite similar to the magnificent riflebirds of far north queensland but notably different to the growling riflebirds of varirata .

. only wpt members gain exclusive access to some of the world ' s top parrot specialists .

- this parrot species actually prefers pellets made for small parrots , such as parakeets and cockatiels .

hand reared male king parrots make good pets and are colorful and entertaining birds that exhibit bright and cheerful behaviour .

species : scientific : aprosmictus erythropterus papua . . . english : papuan red - winged parrot . . . dutch : papua roodvleugelparkiet . . . german : papua rotflügelsittich . . . french : platycerque de papoea . . . cites ii - endangered

listen to exciting podcast interviews with parrot specialists from around the world , many available for wpt members only .

birdcare cites lexicon of parrots birdlife international internet bird collection ml media collection catalogue 65913 , papuan king parrot alisterus chloropterus , connop , scott , papua new guinea , oct . 8 1993 , cornell lab of ornithology . site parrots : a guide to parrots of the world , juniper and parr , 1998 parrots of the world , forshaw , 2006 . 2010 edition parrots in aviculture , low , 1992 .

birds of the world - 5 the king parrots . description / images . - dals wildlife site { wildlife of northern england }

collar , n . & boesman , p . ( 2018 ) . papuan king - parrot ( alisterus chloropterus ) . in : del hoyo , j . , elliott , a . , sargatal , j . , christie , d . a . & de juana , e . ( eds . ) . handbook of the birds of the world alive . lynx edicions , barcelona . ( retrieved from urltoken on 9 july 2018 ) .

king parrots are not only incredibly beautiful , but also quiet ( except for the occasional shrill sentinel call ) and gentle in nature . they are quite different from other parrot species that tend to be noisier , more destructive and more aggressive than they tend to be .

species : scientific : alisterus chloropterus chloropterus . . . english : green - winged king parrot . . . dutch : geelvleugelkoningsparkiet . . . german : gelbflügel königssittich . . . french : platycerque choloptère , royale à ailes vertes . . . cites ii - endangered species

species : scientific : alisterus chloropterus moszkowski . . . english : moszkowski green - winged king parrot . . . dutch : moszkowski groenvleugelkoningsparkiet . . . german : moszkowski grünflügel königssittich . . . french : platycerque choloptère de moszkowski . . . cites ii - endangered species

species : scientific : alisterus scapularis minor . . . english : smaller australian king parrot . . . dutch : kleine australische koningsparkiet . . . german : kleiner australischer königssittich . . . french : petit platycerque à croupion bleu . . . cites ii - endangered species

the king parakeets are easily recognized as a group by their intensely coloured , shiny red , green and blue plumage and by their long tails .

arndt , thomas ( 2006 ) . " a new hanging parrot from camiguin island , philippines " . birdingasia 5 : 55–58 .

species : scientific : alisterus chloropterus callopterus . . . english : salvadori ' s green - winged king parrot . . . dutch : goldie koningsparkiet , fly river koningsparkiet . . . german : salvadoris grünflügel königssittich . . . french : platycerque choloptère de montagne . . . cites ii - endangered species

avianweb resources : i put together web resources for you to help you understand your pet bird and properly direct him . please visit the following website to learn more about parrot behavior and training . if you found a way to resolve a " parrot behavioral issue " please share it with others .

↑ contact us | terms & conditions | privacy policy | disclaimer | © 2018 world parrot trust . all rights reserved . | design : david occhino design

is usually under a dozen . the blue - naped parrot feeds on mangoes , berries , seeds , nuts and grains . it nests in tree holes .

the red - winged parrot ( aprosmictus erythropteru ) has hybridised with the australian king parrot ( alisterus scapularis ) on several occasions . one particular specimen was described as having an overall dark green plumage with a red cap , bright yellow wing coverts , a green face , and red chest and abdomen from " chin " to vent . however , as is the case with most hybrids , the appears may differ widely . this hybrid is said to be fertile and breeds true to form .

the australian king parrot , is a species endemic to eastern australia , where it may be encountered in humid and heavily forested upland regions , including those with eucalyptus wooded areas adjacent to sub - tropical and temperate rain - forests , where they forage on fruits and seeds gathered from trees or those that have fallen to the ground .

this genus has occasionally been lumped with the red - winged parrots ( aprosmictus ) . it forms a super - species with the amboina or amboyna king ( alisterus amboinensis ) .

king parrots are generally a hardy species , although they can become susceptible to stress when moved or exposed to new surroundings . special care to provide the correct housing and nutrition must be taken to ensure this beautiful bird does not become susceptible to illness . in particular , king parrots are highly susceptible to bacillus infection that is toxic and invariably fatal , irrespective of veterinary attention .

the sri lanka hanging parrot is a small , mainly green hanging parrot , only 13 cm long with a short tail . the adult has a red crown and rump . the nape and back have on orange tint . the chin and throat are pale blue . the beak is red and the irises are white . [ 2 ]

they have some mimicking ability and most of them learn to talk , and their voices are soft and sweet to listen to - similar to the voice of an eclectus parrot .

sri lanka hanging parrot is a bird of open forest . it is strictly arboreal , never descending to the ground . it nests in holes in trees , laying 2–3 eggs .

both males and females have vivid red wing - coverts after which they have been named . this parrot averages 12 . 5 to 14 inches ( about 32 - 36 cm ) in length . the red - winged parrot is sexually dimorphic ( adult birds can be sexed visually by their physical characteristics ) . mature hens and males have orange beaks , and grey legs and feet .

like in the turquoise parrot , there seems to be a discrepance in what the icon at the top says ( green ) and what the description says - vulnerable . please make the changes .

in this series ' birds of the world ' we look at the species which occur in particular genera . the species in these genera will take us all over the globe . here we review the parrot species in the genus alisterus . the parrots of the genus alisterus are referred to as the king parrots , and includes three species belonging to the family psittaculidae within the order of birds known as the psittaciformes .

after this we headed back down the hill admiring a pair of rufous - bellied kookaburras calling away happily . alex knew the display tree of a king bird of paradise and shortly after we were admiring this rather bizarre looking creature .

alex couldn ' t find the sicklebills so we went and looked at a red - legged brushturkey nest . near the nest group of papuan babblers came through finally accompanied by the pale - billed sicklebills and i had the best views of them yet , probing the bark on tree trunks mid canopy .

king parrots are social birds and do require daily interaction with their flock - - be it with other birds in an aviary setting or with their human family . in an aviary setting , they do well even when kept with smaller birds .

species : scientific : aprosmictus erythropterus erythropterus . . . english : red - winged parrot , crimson - winged parakeet . . . dutch : roodvleugelparkiet , bloedvleugelparkiet . . . german : rötflugelsittich , scharlachflügelsittich . . . french : platycerque erythroptère

species : scientific : aprosmictus erythropterus coccineopterus . . . english : new guinea red - winged parrot . . . dutch : nieuw guinea roodvleugelparkiet . . . german : neuguinea rotflügelsittich . . . french : platycerque écarlates . . . cites ii - endangered

species : scientific : aprosmictus jonquillaceus jonquillaceus . . . english : timor red - winged parrot . . . dutch : timorese roodvleugelparkiet . . . german : timor rotflügelsittich . . . french : platycerque erythroptère de timor . . . cites ii - endangered

species : scientific : aprosmictus jonquillaceus wetterensis . . . english : wetar red - winged parrot . . . dutch : wetar roodvleugelparkiet . . . german : wetar rotflügelsittich . . . french : platycerque erythroptère de wettar . . . cites ii - endangered

the only greater black coucal of the trip called loudly beside the path but never came out . as it got dark we tried for blue - black kingfisher with playback from my rather quiet ipod but heard nothing back . we did hear papuan hawk - owl on the way home and also red - necked crake , another call i enjoy every evening at home .

there are no current conservation concerns , they are rated as being of least concern by the iucn , however it is becoming uncommon duen to habitat loss and to the parrot trade . in some regions they are locally common . they are regularly bred in captivity in many countries .

i slid back down the slippery hillside only falling over just the once catching poor glimpses of papuan babbler s and a pair of blue jewel babblers crossing the trail . the sicklebills were calling all around and we spent quite some time failing to get a better look . they are on the move all the time so the only hope was to try and follow their raucous calls up and down the hillside without falling over .

class : aves . . . order : psittaciformes . . . family : psittacidae . . . subfamily : psittacinae . . . genus : scientific : alisterus . . . english : king parrots . . . dutch : koningsparkieten . . . german : königssittiche . . . french : perruche royales . . . cites ii : endangered species

ideally , the main aviary would be surrounded by another complete enclosure . this would prevent the parrots from escaping should the lock , for example , of the first aviary fail - - the second enclosure would keep the parrots in safe confinement . also , this set - up would literally eliminate the chances of a larger predator , such as a raccoon , fox or wild cat , from being able to pin a parrot by holding its toes as it grabs on to the side of the enclosure ; or it would prevent them from grabbing the parrot ' s leg or other body part through the wire .

tello , j . g . , degner , j . f . , bates , j . m . & willard , d . e . 2006 . a new species of hanging - parrot ( aves : psittacidae : loriculus ) from camiguin island , philippines . fieldiana zoology 106 : 49 - 57 .

in sri lanka , this bird is known as gira maliththa - ගිරාමලිත්තා or pol girwa - පොල් ගිරවා in sinhala language . [ 3 ] hanging parrot appears in a 15c sri lankan postal stamp , [ 4 ] also this bird appears in 1000 sri lankan rupee bank note ( 2010 series ) . [ 5 ]

classified in the subfamily psittacinae within the true parrot family , the genus alisterus was described by australian amateur ornithologist gregory mathews in 1911 . they were previously considered part of the genus aprosmictus , which contains the red - winged and olive - shouldered parrots . the king parrots appear to be most closely related to the genera aprosmictus and the long - tailed parrots of the genus polytelis , united by similarities in food begging and contact calls by chicks , and by more recent molecular analysis in 2005 . the molecular work placed this group in turn as sister to a group containing eclectus , tanygnathus , and psittacula . the three species are forest - dwelling , and are found singly , in pairs , or in groups .

sri lanka hanging parrot is less gregarious than some of its relatives , and is usually alone or in small groups outside the breeding season . its flight is swift and direct , and the call is a sharp whistled twiwittwit . . twitwitwit . it undergoes local movements , driven mainly by the availability of the fruit , seeds , buds and blossoms that make up its diet .

they are mainly green with areas of red , orange , yellow , and blue varying between subspecies . only the males have a red area on their fronts , except for the population living on camiguin , where neither male nor female have this red area . they make nests in tree holes and , unusually for a parrot , the female takes nesting material back to the nest .

collar , n . & boesman , p . ( 2018 ) . scarlet - chested parrot ( neophema splendida ) . in : del hoyo , j . , elliott , a . , sargatal , j . , christie , d . a . & de juana , e . ( eds . ) . handbook of the birds of the world alive . lynx edicions , barcelona . ( retrieved from urltoken on 9 july 2018 ) .

eventually we came to a large clearing and small hill where gravel for the road had been extracted . there was a good view from up top and we watched blyth ' s hornbills passing like puffing billy steam trains . red - legged brushturkeys , black butcherbirds and more pale - billed sicklebills called loudly and invisibly from within . alex went into try and find the sicklebills while i had good views of purple - tailed imperial pigeon , red - flanked lorikeet , buff - faced pygmy - parrot , hooded monarch , glossy - mantled manucode and rusty pitohui on the forest edge .

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strigops ( f . ) gray , gr 1845 gen . birds 2 p . 426 pl . cv

strigops habroptila gray , gr 1845 gen . birds 2 p . 427 pl . cv

nestor meridionalis ( gmelin ) 1788 syst . nat . 1 pt1 p . 333

nestor meridionalis meridionalis ( gmelin ) 1788 syst . nat . 1 pt1 p . 333

nestor meridionalis septentrionalis lorenz von liburnau , l 1896 verh . k . k . zool . - bot . ges . wien 46 p . 198

nymphicus hollandicus ( kerr ) 1792 anim . kingd . [ kerr ] 1 pt2 p . 580

calyptorhynchus banksii banksii ( latham ) 1790 indexorn . 1 p . 107 concept nomenclature

calyptorhynchus banksii graptogyne schodde , saunders , da & homberger 1989 canberrabirdnotes 13 p . 120

calyptorhynchus banksii macrorhynchus gould 1843 pzs [ " 1842 " ] pt10 no . 117 p . 138

calyptorhynchus banksii naso gould 1837 pzs [ " 1836 " ] pt4 no . 46 p . 106

calyptorhynchus banksii samueli mathews 1917 birdsaustr . [ mathews ] 6 pt2 p . 120

calyptorhynchus lathami ( temminck ) 1807 cat . syst . cab . orn . quad . p . 21

calyptorhynchus lathami erebus schodde & mason , ij 1993 emu 93 p . 156 - 166

calyptorhynchus lathami lathami ( temminck ) 1807 cat . syst . cab . orn . quad . p . 21

calyptorhynchus funereus ( shaw ) 1794 nat . misc . 6 pl . 186 , text

calyptorhynchus funereus funereus ( shaw ) 1794 nat . misc . 6 pl . 186 , text

calyptorhynchus funereus whiteae mathews 1912 australav . rec . 1 no . 2 p . 35

calyptorhynchus funereus xanthanotus gould 1838 syn . birdsaustr . pt4 app . p . 4

calyptorhynchus baudinii lear 1832 ill . psittac . [ lear ] pt12 pl . 6

calyptorhynchus latirostris carnaby 1948 w . austral . nat . 1 p . 136 - 138

probosciger aterrimus ( gmelin ) 1788 syst . nat . 1 pt1 p . 330

probosciger aterrimus aterrimus ( gmelin ) 1788 syst . nat . 1 pt1 p . 330

probosciger aterrimus goliath ( kuhl ) 1820 novaactaacad . caes . leop . carol . 10 p . 92

probosciger aterrimus macgillivrayi ( mathews ) 1912 novit . zool . 18 p . 261

callocephalon ( n . ) lesson 1837 j . navig . thet . esperance [ bougainville ] 2 p . 311 atlas pl . 39 , 40

callocephalon fimbriatum ( grant , j ) 1803 narr . voy . disc . news . wales pl . opp . p . 135

eolophus roseicapilla ( vieillot ) 1817 nouv . dict . hist . nat . 17 p . 12 nomenclature

eolophus roseicapilla kuhli ( mathews ) 1912 novit . zool . 18 p . 266

eolophus roseicapilla roseicapilla ( vieillot ) 1817 nouv . dict . hist . nat . 17 p . 12 nomenclature

lophochroa leadbeateri ( vigors ) 1831 pzs pt1 no . 6 p . 61 concept

lophochroa leadbeateri leadbeateri ( vigors ) 1831 pzs pt1 no . 6 p . 61 concept

lophochroa leadbeateri mollis ( mathews ) 1912 novit . zool . 18 p . 265

cacatua tenuirostris ( kuhl ) 1820 novaactaacad . caes . leop . carol . 10 p . 88

cacatua pastinator ( gould ) 1841 pzs [ " 1840 " ] pt8 no . 95 p . 175

cacatua pastinator derbyi ( mathews ) 1916 australav . rec . 3 p . 57

cacatua pastinator pastinator ( gould ) 1841 pzs [ " 1840 " ] pt8 no . 95 p . 175

cacatua sanguinea gould 1843 pzs [ " 1842 " ] pt10 no . 117 p . 138

cacatua sanguinea gymnopis sclater , pl 1871 pzs pt2 p . 490 , 493 , textfig .

cacatua sanguinea normantoni ( mathews ) 1917 birdsaustr . [ mathews ] 6 pt2 p . 211

cacatua sanguinea sanguinea gould 1843 pzs [ " 1842 " ] pt10 no . 117 p . 138

cacatua sanguinea westralensis ( mathews ) 1917 birdsaustr . [ mathews ] 6 pt2 p . 211

cacatua goffiniana roselaar , cs & michels 2004 zool . verh . leiden 350 p . 186 nomenclature

cacatua ducorpsii pucheran 1853 voy . polesudzool . 3 mamm . ois . p . 108 nomenclature

cacatua galerita eleonora finsch 1863 nederl . tijdschr . dierk . 1 p . xxi nomenclature

cacatua galerita fitzroyi ( mathews ) 1912 novit . zool . 18 p . 264

cacatua galerita triton temminck 1849 coup - d ' oeilposs . neerland . 3 p . 405 , note

cacatua sulphurea ( gmelin ) 1788 syst . nat . 1 pt1 p . 330

cacatua sulphurea abbotti ( oberholser ) 1917 proc . u . s . natl . mus . 54 no . 2232 p . 181

cacatua sulphurea citrinocristata ( fraser ) 1844 pzs pt12 no . 132 p . 38

cacatua sulphurea parvula ( bonaparte ) 1850 compt . rend . 30 p . 139

cacatua sulphurea sulphurea ( gmelin ) 1788 syst . nat . 1 pt1 p . 330

cacatua moluccensis ( gmelin ) 1788 syst . nat . 1 pt1 p . 331

poicephalus gulielmi ( jardine ) 1849 contrib . orn . [ jardine ] p . " 64 - 14 " pl . 28

poicephalus gulielmi gulielmi ( jardine ) 1849 contrib . orn . [ jardine ] p . " 64 - 14 " pl . 28

poicephalus gulielmi massaicus fischer & reichenow 1884 j . orn . 32 no . 165 p . 179 nomenclature

poicephalus flavifrons ( ruppell ) 1842 mus . senckenb . 3 no . 2 p . 126

poicephalus fuscicollis ( kuhl ) 1820 novaactaacad . caes . leop . carol . 10 p . 93 systematics

poicephalus fuscicollis fuscicollis ( kuhl ) 1820 novaactaacad . caes . leop . carol . 10 p . 93

poicephalus fuscicollis suahelicus reichenow 1898 j . orn . 46 no . 2 p . 314

poicephalus robustus ( gmelin ) 1788 syst . nat . 1 pt1 p . 344

poicephalus meyeri ( cretzschmar ) 1827 atlasreis . nord . afr . vog . [ ruppell ] [ " 1826 " ] p . 18 pl . 11

poicephalus meyeri damarensis neumann 1898 j . orn . 46 no . 3 p . 501

poicephalus meyeri matschiei neumann 1898 j . orn . 46 no . 3 p . 501

poicephalus meyeri meyeri ( cretzschmar ) 1827 atlasreis . nord . afr . vog . [ ruppell ] [ " 1826 " ] p . 18 pl . 11

poicephalus meyeri reichenowi neumann 1898 j . orn . 46 no . 3 p . 501

poicephalus meyeri transvaalensis neumann 1899 orn . monatsb . 7 no . 2 p . 25

poicephalus rueppellii ( gray , gr ) 1849 pzs [ " 1848 " ] pt16 no . 188 p . 125 pl . 5

poicephalus cryptoxanthus ( peters , w ) 1854 ber . k . preuss . akad . wiss . berlin p . 371

poicephalus cryptoxanthus cryptoxanthus ( peters , w ) 1854 ber . k . preuss . akad . wiss . berlin p . 371

poicephalus cryptoxanthus tanganyikae bowen 1930 proc . acad . nat . sci . philadelphia 82 p . 267

poicephalus crassus ( sharpe ) 1884 j . linn . soc . londonzool . 17 p . 429

poicephalus senegalus ( linnaeus ) 1766 syst . nat . ed . 12 p . 149

poicephalus senegalus senegalus ( linnaeus ) 1766 syst . nat . ed . 12 p . 149

poicephalus senegalus versteri finsch 1863 nederl . tijdschr . dierk . 1 p . xvi

poicephalus rufiventris ( ruppell ) 1842 mus . senckenb . 3 no . 2 p . 125

poicephalus rufiventris rufiventris ( ruppell ) 1842 mus . senckenb . 3 no . 2 p . 125

touit ( m . ) gray , gr 1855 cat . gen . subgen . birds p . 89 nomenclature

touit huetii ( temminck ) 1830 pl . col . livr . 83 pl . 491

touit costaricensis ( cory ) 1913 fieldmus . nat . hist . pub . orn . ser . 1 p . 283

touit dilectissimus ( sclater , pl & salvin ) 1871 pzs [ " 1870 " ] pt3 p . 788 pl . 47 nomenclature

touit purpuratus ( gmelin ) 1788 syst . nat . 1 pt1 p . 350 nomenclature

touit purpuratus purpuratus ( gmelin ) 1788 syst . nat . 1 pt1 p . 350 nomenclature

touit purpuratus viridiceps chapman 1929 am . mus . novit . no . 380 p . 10

touit melanonotus ( wied - neuwied ) 1820 reisebrasil . 1 p . 275 nomenclature

touit surdus ( kuhl ) 1820 novaactaacad . caes . leop . carol . 10 p . 59 nomenclature

touit stictopterus ( sclater , pl ) 1862 pzs pt1 p . 112 pl . 11 nomenclature

psilopsiagon aymara ( orbigny ) 1839 voy . am . merid . 2 p . 376 , note1

psilopsiagon aurifrons ( lesson ) 1830 cent . zool . p . 63 pl . 18

psilopsiagon aurifrons aurifrons ( lesson ) 1830 cent . zool . p . 63 pl . 18

psilopsiagon aurifrons margaritae ( berlioz & dorst ) 1956 ois . rev . franceorn . ( n . s . ) 26 p . 85

psilopsiagon aurifrons robertsi carriker 1933 proc . acad . nat . sci . philadelphia 85 p . 4

psilopsiagon aurifrons rubrirostris ( burmeister ) 1860 j . orn . 8 no . 46 p . 243

bolborhynchus lineola ( cassin ) 1853 proc . acad . nat . sci . philadelphia 6 p . 372

bolborhynchus lineola lineola ( cassin ) 1853 proc . acad . nat . sci . philadelphia 6 p . 372

bolborhynchus lineola tigrinus ( souance ) 1856 rev . mag . zool . ( 2 ) 8 p . 144

bolborhynchus orbygnesius ( souance ) 1856 rev . mag . zool . ( 2 ) 8 p . 63 , 64 nomenclature

nannopsittaca panychlora ( salvin & godman ) 1883 ibis p . 211 pl . 9 fig . 1

nannopsittaca dachilleae o ' neill , munn & franke 1991 auk 108 p . 225 , 226

myiopsitta monachus calita ( jardine & selby ) 1830 ill . orn . 2 pt6 pl . 82 , text [ p . 61 ]

myiopsitta monachus cotorra ( vieillot ) 1818 nouv . dict . hist . nat . 25 [ " 1817 " ] p . 362

brotogeris sanctithomae sanctithomae ( statius muller ) 1776 natursyst . suppl . p . 81

brotogeris sanctithomae takatsukasae neumann 1931 mitt . zool . mus . berlin 17 heft3 p . 442

brotogeris tirica ( gmelin ) 1788 syst . nat . 1 pt1 p . 351

brotogeris chiriri ( vieillot ) 1818 nouv . dict . hist . nat . 25 [ " 1817 " ] p . 359

brotogeris chiriri behni neumann 1931 mitt . zool . mus . berlin 17 heft3 p . 443

brotogeris chiriri chiriri ( vieillot ) 1818 nouv . dict . hist . nat . 25 [ " 1817 " ] p . 359

brotogeris pyrrhoptera ( latham ) 1802 suppl . ind . orn . p . xxii

brotogeris jugularis exsul todd 1917 proc . biol . soc . wash . 30 p . 129

brotogeris jugularis jugularis ( statius muller ) 1776 natursyst . suppl . p . 80

brotogeris cyanoptera ( pelzeln ) 1870 orn . brasil . abth . 3 p . 260 citation

brotogeris cyanoptera beniensis gyldenstolpe 1941 ark . zool . 33a no . 12 p . 9

brotogeris cyanoptera cyanoptera ( pelzeln ) 1870 orn . brasil . abth . 3 p . 260 citation

brotogeris chrysoptera ( linnaeus ) 1766 syst . nat . ed . 12 p . 149

brotogeris chrysoptera chrysoptera ( linnaeus ) 1766 syst . nat . ed . 12 p . 149

brotogeris chrysoptera solimoensis gyldenstolpe 1941 ark . zool . 33a no . 12 p . 10

brotogeris chrysoptera tenuifrons friedmann 1945 proc . biol . soc . wash . 58 p . 114

brotogeris chrysoptera tuipara ( gmelin ) 1788 syst . nat . 1 pt1 p . 348

triclaria malachitacea ( spix ) 1824 av . sp . nov . brasil . 1 p . 40 pl . 28

pyrilia haematotis ( sclater , pl & salvin ) 1860 pzs pt ( 28 ) 2 p . 300

pyrilia haematotis coccinicollaris ( lawrence ) 1862 ann . lyc . nat . hist . n . y . 7 p . 475

pyrilia haematotis haematotis ( sclater , pl & salvin ) 1860 pzs pt ( 28 ) 2 p . 300

pyrilia pyrilia ( bonaparte ) 1853 compt . rend . 37 p . 807 , note

pyrilia pulchra ( berlepsch ) 1897 orn . monatsb . 5 no . 11 p . 175

pyrilia barrabandi ( kuhl ) 1820 novaactaacad . caes . leop . carol . 10 p . 61

pyrilia barrabandi aurantiigena ( gyldenstolpe ) 1951 ark . zool . ( 2 ) 2 p . 14 , 67

pyrilia barrabandi barrabandi ( kuhl ) 1820 novaactaacad . caes . leop . carol . 10 p . 61

pyrilia caica ( latham ) 1790 indexorn . 1 p . 128 no . 137

pyrilia aurantiocephala ( gaban - lima , r , raposo , ma & hofling , e ) 2002 auk 119 p . 815 , 816 systematics

pyrilia vulturina ( kuhl ) 1820 novaactaacad . caes . leop . carol . 10 p . 62 systematics

hapalopsittaca amazonina ( des murs ) 1845 rev . zool . 8 p . 207

hapalopsittaca amazonina amazonina ( des murs ) 1845 rev . zool . 8 p . 207

hapalopsittaca amazonina theresae ( hellmayr ) 1915 verh . orn . ges . bayern 12 heft3 p . 214

hapalopsittaca amazonina velezi graves , gr & restrepo 1989 wilsonbull . 101 no . 3 p . 369 - 376 , front .

hapalopsittaca fuertesi ( chapman ) 1912 bull . am . mus . nat . hist . 31 p . 143

hapalopsittaca melanotis melanotis ( lafresnaye ) 1847 rev . zool . 10 p . 67

hapalopsittaca melanotis peruviana ( carriker ) 1932 proc . acad . nat . sci . philadelphia 83 [ " 1931 " ] p . 455

pionus sordidus ( linnaeus ) 1758 syst . nat . ed . 10 p . 99

pionus sordidus antelius todd 1947 ann . carnegiemus . nat . hist . 30 p . 338

pionus sordidus corallinus bonaparte 1854 rev . mag . zool . ( 2 ) 6 p . 148

pionus sordidus mindoensis chapman 1925 am . mus . novit . no . 187 p . 1

pionus sordidus ponsi aveledo & gines 1950 mem . soc . cien . nat . lasalle 10 no . 26 p . 60

pionus sordidus saturatus todd 1915 proc . biol . soc . wash . 28 p . 81

pionus sordidus sordidus ( linnaeus ) 1758 syst . nat . ed . 10 p . 99

pionus maximiliani ( kuhl ) 1820 novaactaacad . caes . leop . carol . 10 p . 72

pionus maximiliani lacerus heine 1884 j . orn . 32 no . 166 p . 265

pionus maximiliani maximiliani ( kuhl ) 1820 novaactaacad . caes . leop . carol . 10 p . 72

pionus maximiliani melanoblepharus ribeiro 1920 rev . mus . paulista 12 pt2 p . 61

pionus maximiliani siy souance 1856 rev . mag . zool . ( 2 ) 8 p . 155

pionus seniloides ( massena & souance ) 1854 rev . mag . zool . ( 2 ) 6 p . 73

pionus menstruus ( linnaeus ) 1766 syst . nat . ed . 12 p . 148

pionus menstruus menstruus ( linnaeus ) 1766 syst . nat . ed . 12 p . 148

pionus menstruus reichenowi heine 1884 j . orn . 32 no . 166 p . 264 nomenclature

pionus menstruus rubrigularis cabanis 1881 j . orn . 29 no . 154 p . 222

pionus senilis ( spix ) 1824 av . sp . nov . brasil . 1 p . 42 pl . 31 fig . 1

pionus chalcopterus ( fraser ) 1841 pzs [ " 1840 " ] pt8 no . 90 p . 59

graydidascalus brachyurus ( temminck & kuhl ) 1820 novaactaacad . caes . leop . carol . 10 p . 72

alipiopsitta ( f . ) capparoz , r & pacheco 2006 rev . brasil . orn . 14 no . 2 p . 174

alipiopsitta xanthops ( spix ) 1824 av . sp . nov . brasil . 1 p . 39 pl . 26

amazona festiva ( linnaeus ) 1758 syst . nat . ed . 10 p . 101

amazona festiva bodini ( finsch ) 1873 pzs pt2 p . 569 pl . 49

amazona festiva festiva ( linnaeus ) 1758 syst . nat . ed . 10 p . 101

amazona vinacea ( kuhl ) 1820 novaactaacad . caes . leop . carol . 10 p . 77

amazona tucumana ( cabanis ) 1885 j . orn . 33 no . 170 p . 221

amazona pretrei ( temminck ) 1830 pl . col . livr . 83 pl . 492

amazona agilis ( linnaeus ) 1758 syst . nat . ed . 10 p . 99

amazona albifrons ( sparrman ) 1788 mus . carls . fasc . 3 no . 52 pl . 52

amazona albifrons albifrons ( sparrman ) 1788 mus . carls . fasc . 3 no . 52 pl . 52

amazona albifrons nana miller , w 1905 bull . am . mus . nat . hist . 21 p . 349

amazona albifrons saltuensis nelson 1899 proc . biol . soc . wash . 13 p . 26

amazona collaria ( linnaeus ) 1758 syst . nat . ed . 10 p . 102

amazona leucocephala ( linnaeus ) 1758 syst . nat . ed . 10 p . 100

amazona leucocephala bahamensis ( bryant , h ) 1867 proc . bostonsoc . nat . hist . 11 p . 65

amazona leucocephala hesterna bangs 1916 bull . mus . comp . zool . 60 p . 308

amazona leucocephala leucocephala ( linnaeus ) 1758 syst . nat . ed . 10 p . 100

amazona vittata gracilipes† ridgway 1915 proc . biol . soc . wash . 28 p . 106

amazona autumnalis ( linnaeus ) 1758 syst . nat . ed . 10 p . 102

amazona autumnalis autumnalis ( linnaeus ) 1758 syst . nat . ed . 10 p . 102

amazona autumnalis lilacina lesson 1844 echomondesav . ( 2 ) 11 no . 30 col . 394 concept

amazona autumnalis salvini ( salvadori ) 1891 cat . birdsbrit . mus . 20 p . 271 , 300 pl . 7 fig . 3 citation

amazona diadema ( spix ) 1824 av . sp . nov . brasil . 1 p . 43 pl . 32

amazona viridigenalis ( cassin ) 1853 proc . acad . nat . sci . philadelphia 6 p . 371

amazona xantholora ( gray , gr ) 1859 listbirdsbrit . mus . pt3 sect . 2 p . 83

amazona dufresniana ( shaw ) 1812 gen . zool . [ shaw ] 8 pt2 p . 513

amazona oratrix belizensis monroe , bl jr & howell , tr 1966 occ . pap . mus . zool . lsu no . 34 p . 18

amazona oratrix oratrix ridgway 1887 man . n . am . birds p . 587

amazona auropalliata ( lesson , pa ) 1842 rev . zool . 5 p . 135

amazona auropalliata auropalliata ( lesson , pa ) 1842 rev . zool . 5 p . 135

amazona auropalliata parvipes monroe , bl jr & howell , tr 1966 occ . pap . mus . zool . lsu no . 34 p . 8

amazona ochrocephala ( gmelin ) 1788 syst . nat . 1 pt1 p . 339 concept

amazona ochrocephala nattereri ( finsch ) 1865 j . orn . 12 [ " 1864 " ] no . 72 p . 411 citation

amazona ochrocephala ochrocephala ( gmelin ) 1788 syst . nat . 1 pt1 p . 339 concept

amazona ochrocephala panamensis ( cabanis ) 1874 j . orn . 22 no . 127 p . 349

amazona barbadensis ( gmelin ) 1788 syst . nat . 1 pt1 p . 339

amazona aestiva ( linnaeus ) 1758 syst . nat . ed . 10 p . 101

amazona aestiva aestiva ( linnaeus ) 1758 syst . nat . ed . 10 p . 101

amazona aestiva xanthopteryx ( berlepsch ) 1896 orn . monatsb . 4 no . 11 p . 173

amazona mercenarius ( tschudi ) 1844 arch . naturgesch . 10 p . 303 nomenclature

amazona mercenarius canipalliata ( cabanis ) 1874 j . orn . 22 no . 125 p . 105

amazona mercenarius mercenarius ( tschudi ) 1844 arch . naturgesch . 10 p . 303

amazona guatemalae virenticeps ( salvadori ) 1891 cat . birdsbrit . mus . 20 p . 269 , 280 citation

amazona kawalli grantsau & camargo 1989 rev . brasil . biol . 49 p . 1018 concept

amazona brasiliensis ( linnaeus ) 1758 syst . nat . ed . 10 p . 102

amazona amazonica ( linnaeus ) 1766 syst . nat . ed . 12 p . 147

amazona guildingii ( vigors ) 1837 pzs [ " 1836 " ] pt4 no . 45 p . 80

forpus ( m . ) boie , f 1858 j . orn . 6 no . 35 p . 363

forpus modestus ( cabanis ) 1849 reisenbrit . - guiana [ schomburgk ] 3 p . 727 nomenclature

forpus modestus modestus ( cabanis ) 1849 reisenbrit . - guiana [ schomburgk ] 3 p . 727 nomenclature

forpus modestus sclateri ( gray , gr ) 1859 listbirdsbrit . mus . pt3 sect . 2 p . 86

forpus cyanopygius ( souance ) 1856 rev . mag . zool . ( 2 ) 8 p . 157

forpus cyanopygius cyanopygius ( souance ) 1856 rev . mag . zool . ( 2 ) 8 p . 157

forpus cyanopygius insularis ( ridgway ) 1888 proc . u . s . natl . mus . 10 p . 541

forpus passerinus ( linnaeus ) 1758 syst . nat . ed . 10 p . 103

forpus passerinus cyanochlorus ( schlegel ) 1864 mus . hist . pays - basrev . meth . crit . coll . livr . 5 no . 26 psittaci p . 31 concept

forpus passerinus cyanophanes ( todd ) 1915 proc . biol . soc . wash . 28 p . 81

forpus passerinus deliciosus ( ridgway ) 1888 proc . u . s . natl . mus . 10 p . 533 , 545

forpus passerinus passerinus ( linnaeus ) 1758 syst . nat . ed . 10 p . 103

forpus passerinus viridissimus ( lafresnaye ) 1848 rev . zool . 11 p . 172

forpus spengeli ( hartlaub ) 1885 pzs pt3 no . 40 p . 614 pl . 38 fig . 1 nomenclature

forpus xanthopterygius ( spix ) 1824 av . sp . nov . brasil . 1 p . 38 pl . 34 fig . 1 nomenclature

forpus xanthopterygius flavescens ( salvadori ) 1891 cat . birdsbrit . mus . 20 p . 241 , 248 citation

forpus xanthopterygius flavissimus hellmayr 1929 fieldmus . nat . hist . pub . zool . ser . 12 p . 446

forpus xanthopterygius xanthopterygius ( spix ) 1824 av . sp . nov . brasil . 1 p . 38 pl . 34 fig . 1

forpus conspicillatus caucae ( chapman ) 1915 bull . am . mus . nat . hist . 34 p . 383

forpus conspicillatus conspicillatus ( lafresnaye ) 1848 rev . zool . 11 p . 172

forpus conspicillatus metae borrero & hernandez - camacho 1961 noved . colomb . 1 no . 6 p . 431

forpus xanthops ( salvin ) 1895 novit . zool . 2 p . 19 pl . 2 fig . 2

pionites ( m . ) heine 1890 nomen . mus . heine . orn . [ heine & reichenow ] p . 231

pionites melanocephalus ( linnaeus ) 1758 syst . nat . ed . 10 p . 102

pionites melanocephalus melanocephalus ( linnaeus ) 1758 syst . nat . ed . 10 p . 102

pionites melanocephalus pallidus ( berlepsch ) 1890 j . orn . 37 [ " 1889 " ] no . 187 p . 317 citation

pionites leucogaster ( kuhl ) 1820 novaactaacad . caes . leop . carol . 10 p . 70

pionites leucogaster leucogaster ( kuhl ) 1820 novaactaacad . caes . leop . carol . 10 p . 70

pionites leucogaster xanthomerius ( sclater , pl ) 1858 pzs [ " 1857 " ] pt25 no . 343 p . 266

pionites leucogaster xanthurus todd 1925 proc . biol . soc . wash . 38 p . 113

deroptyus accipitrinus ( linnaeus ) 1758 syst . nat . ed . 10 p . 102

deroptyus accipitrinus accipitrinus ( linnaeus ) 1758 syst . nat . ed . 10 p . 102

pyrrhura ( f . ) bonaparte 1856 naumannia 6 consp . psitt . inbeilag . no . 1 genus . 14

pyrrhura cruentata ( wied - neuwied ) 1820 reisebrasil . 1 p . 53 , 72

pyrrhura devillei ( massena & souance ) 1854 rev . mag . zool . ( 2 ) 6 p . 73

pyrrhura frontalis ( vieillot ) 1818 nouv . dict . hist . nat . 25 [ " 1817 " ] p . 361

pyrrhura frontalis chiripepe ( vieillot ) 1818 nouv . dict . hist . nat . 25 [ " 1817 " ] p . 361

pyrrhura frontalis frontalis ( vieillot ) 1818 nouv . dict . hist . nat . 25 [ " 1817 " ] p . 361

pyrrhura lepida ( wagler ) 1832 abh . k . bay . akad . wiss . 1 p . 642 concept

pyrrhura lepida anerythra neumann 1927 orn . monatsb . 35 no . 3 p . 89

pyrrhura lepida coerulescens neumann 1927 orn . monatsb . 35 no . 3 p . 89

pyrrhura lepida lepida ( wagler ) 1832 abh . k . bay . akad . wiss . 1 p . 642 concept

pyrrhura perlata ( spix ) 1824 av . sp . nov . brasil . 1 p . 35 pl . 20 concept

pyrrhura molinae ( massena & souance ) 1854 rev . mag . zool . ( 2 ) 6 p . 73

pyrrhura molinae australis todd 1915 proc . biol . soc . wash . 28 p . 82 citation

pyrrhura molinae flavoptera maijer , herzog , kessler , friggens & fjeldsa 1998 orn . neotrop . 9 p . 186

pyrrhura molinae hypoxantha ( salvadori & festa ) 1899 boll . mus . zool . anat . comp . torino " 15 " [ = 14 ] no . 363 p . 1 nomenclature

pyrrhura molinae molinae ( massena & souance ) 1854 rev . mag . zool . ( 2 ) 6 p . 73

pyrrhura molinae phoenicura ( schlegel ) 1864 mus . hist . pays - basrev . meth . crit . coll . livr . 5 no . 26 psittaci p . 26 concept

pyrrhura molinae restricta todd 1947 ann . carnegiemus . nat . hist . 30 p . 333

pyrrhura leucotis ( kuhl ) 1820 novaactaacad . caes . leop . carol . 10 p . 21 nomenclature

pyrrhura picta caeruleiceps todd 1947 ann . carnegiemus . nat . hist . 30 p . 337

pyrrhura picta picta ( statius muller ) 1776 natursyst . suppl . p . 75

pyrrhura picta subandina todd 1917 proc . biol . soc . wash . 30 p . 6

pyrrhura emma salvadori 1891 cat . birdsbrit . mus . 20 p . 212 , 217 pl . 1 citation

pyrrhura amazonum lucida arndt 2008 papageien [ arndt ] 21 p . 278 , 279

pyrrhura amazonum snethlageae joseph & bates , jm 2002 orn . neotrop . 13 p . 354

pyrrhura lucianii ( deville ) 1851 rev . mag . zool . ( 2 ) 3 p . 211

pyrrhura roseifrons ( gray , gr ) 1859 listbirdsbrit . mus . pt3 sect . 2 p . 42

pyrrhura roseifrons roseifrons ( gray , gr ) 1859 listbirdsbrit . mus . pt3 sect . 2 p . 42

pyrrhura roseifrons peruviana hocking , blake & joseph 2002 orn . neotrop . 13 p . 356

pyrrhura viridicata todd 1913 proc . biol . soc . wash . 26 p . 174

pyrrhura egregia ( sclater , pl ) 1881 ibis p . 130 pl . 4

pyrrhura egregia egregia ( sclater , pl ) 1881 ibis p . 130 pl . 4

pyrrhura egregia obscura zimmer & phelps , wh 1946 am . mus . novit . no . 1312 p . 1

pyrrhura melanura ( spix ) 1824 av . sp . nov . brasil . 1 p . 36 pl . 22

pyrrhura melanura berlepschi salvadori 1891 cat . birdsbrit . mus . 20 p . 212 , 224 pl . 2 fig . 1 citation

pyrrhura melanura chapmani bond & meyer de schauensee 1940 proc . acad . nat . sci . philadelphia 92 p . 156

pyrrhura melanura melanura ( spix ) 1824 av . sp . nov . brasil . 1 p . 36 pl . 22

pyrrhura melanura pacifica chapman 1915 bull . am . mus . nat . hist . 34 p . 382

pyrrhura melanura souancei ( verreaux , j ) 1858 rev . mag . zool . ( 2 ) 10 p . 437 pl . 12

pyrrhura orcesi ridgely & robbins 1988 wilsonbull . 100 no . 2 p . 174 , 175

pyrrhura albipectus chapman 1914 bull . am . mus . nat . hist . 33 p . 319

pyrrhura rupicola rupicola ( tschudi ) 1844 arch . naturgesch . 10 p . 304

pyrrhura rupicola sandiae bond & meyer de schauensee 1944 not . nat . no . 138 p . 1

pyrrhura calliptera ( massena & souance ) 1854 rev . mag . zool . ( 2 ) 6 p . 72

pyrrhura hoematotis souance 1857 rev . mag . zool . ( 2 ) 9 p . 97

pyrrhura hoematotis hoematotis souance 1857 rev . mag . zool . ( 2 ) 9 p . 97

pyrrhura hoematotis immarginata zimmer & phelps 1944 am . mus . novit . no . 1270 p . 4

pyrrhura rhodocephala ( sclater , pl & salvin ) 1871 pzs [ " 1870 " ] pt3 p . 787

pyrrhura hoffmanni ( cabanis ) 1861 sitz . ges . nat . freundeberlin [ no p . ]

pyrrhura hoffmanni gaudens bangs 1906 proc . biol . soc . wash . 19 p . 103

pyrrhura hoffmanni hoffmanni ( cabanis ) 1861 sitz . ges . nat . freundeberlin [ no p . ]

enicognathus ( m . ) gray , gr 1840 listgen . birds p . 51

enicognathus ferrugineus ferrugineus ( statius muller ) 1776 natursyst . suppl . p . 75

enicognathus ferrugineus minor ( chapman ) 1919 bull . am . mus . nat . hist . 41 p . 323

cyanoliseus patagonus ( vieillot ) 1818 nouv . dict . hist . nat . 25 [ " 1817 " ] p . 367

cyanoliseus patagonus andinus dabbene & lillo 1913 an . mus . nac . hist . nat . buenosaires 24 p . 188 pl . 10

cyanoliseus patagonus patagonus ( vieillot ) 1818 nouv . dict . hist . nat . 25 [ " 1817 " ] p . 367

anodorhynchus leari bonaparte 1856 naumannia 6 consp . psitt . inbeilag . no . 1

anodorhynchus glaucus† ( vieillot ) 1816 nouv . dict . hist . nat . 2 p . 259

rhynchopsitta pachyrhyncha ( swainson ) 1827 philos . mag . n . s . 1 p . 439

rhynchopsitta terrisi moore , rt 1947 proc . biol . soc . wash . 60 p . 27

eupsittula nana astec ( souance ) 1857 rev . mag . zool . ( 2 ) 9 p . 97

eupsittula nana nana ( vigors ) 1830 zool . j . 5 p . 273

eupsittula nana vicinalis bangs & penard , te 1919 bull . mus . comp . zool . 63 p . 24

eupsittula canicularis ( linnaeus ) 1758 syst . nat . ed . 10 p . 98

eupsittula canicularis canicularis ( linnaeus ) 1758 syst . nat . ed . 10 p . 98

eupsittula canicularis clarae ( moore , rt ) 1937 proc . biol . soc . wash . 50 p . 101

eupsittula canicularis eburnirostrum ( lesson , pa ) 1842 rev . zool . 5 p . 135

eupsittula aurea ( gmelin ) 1788 syst . nat . 1 pt1 p . 329

eupsittula pertinax ( linnaeus ) 1758 syst . nat . ed . 10 p . 98

eupsittula pertinax aeruginosa ( linnaeus ) 1758 syst . nat . ed . 10 p . 98

eupsittula pertinax chrysogenys ( massena & souance ) 1854 rev . mag . zool . ( 2 ) 6 p . 72

eupsittula pertinax griseipecta ( meyer de schauensee ) 1950 not . nat . no . 221 p . 6

eupsittula pertinax lehmanni ( dugand ) 1943 caldasia 2 no . 7 p . 191

eupsittula pertinax margaritensis cory 1918 fieldmus . nat . hist . pub . zool . ser . 13 pub . 197 p . 63

eupsittula pertinax ocularis ( sclater , pl & salvin ) 1865 pzs [ " 1864 " ] pt3 p . 367 citation

eupsittula pertinax paraensis ( sick ) 1959 j . orn . 100 p . 413

eupsittula pertinax pertinax ( linnaeus ) 1758 syst . nat . ed . 10 p . 98

eupsittula pertinax surinama ( zimmer & phelps , wh ) 1951 am . mus . novit . no . 1511 p . 1

eupsittula pertinax tortugensis ( cory ) 1909 fieldmus . nat . hist . pub . orn . ser . 1 p . 220

eupsittula pertinax venezuelae ( zimmer & phelps , wh ) 1951 am . mus . novit . no . 1511 p . 6

eupsittula pertinax xanthogenia ( bonaparte ) 1850 consp . gen . av . 1 p . 1

eupsittula cactorum ( kuhl ) 1820 novaactaacad . caes . leop . carol . 10 p . 82

eupsittula cactorum cactorum ( kuhl ) 1820 novaactaacad . caes . leop . carol . 10 p . 82

eupsittula cactorum caixana ( spix ) 1824 av . sp . nov . brasil . 1 p . 34 pl . 19 fig . 1

conuropsis carolinensis† ( linnaeus ) 1758 syst . nat . ed . 10 p . 97 status

conuropsis† carolinensis carolinensis† ( linnaeus ) 1758 syst . nat . ed . 10 p . 97

conuropsis† carolinensis ludoviciana† ( gmelin ) 1788 syst . nat . 1 pt1 p . 347

aratinga weddellii ( deville ) 1851 rev . mag . zool . ( 2 ) 3 p . 209

aratinga nenday ( vieillot ) 1823 tabl . encyc . meth . orn . 3 livr . 93 p . 1400

aratinga solstitialis ( linnaeus ) 1758 syst . nat . ed . 10 p . 97

aratinga maculata ( statius muller ) 1776 natursyst . suppl . p . 74 nomenclature

aratinga jandaya ( gmelin ) 1788 syst . nat . 1 pt1 p . 319

aratinga auricapillus ( kuhl ) 1820 novaactaacad . caes . leop . carol . 10 p . 20 nomenclature

aratinga auricapillus auricapillus ( kuhl ) 1820 novaactaacad . caes . leop . carol . 10 p . 20 nomenclature

aratinga auricapillus aurifrons spix 1824 av . sp . nov . brasil . 1 p . 32 pl . 16 fig . 1

cyanopsitta spixii ( wagler ) 1832 abh . k . bay . akad . wiss . 1 p . 675

primolius couloni ( sclater , pl ) 1876 pzs pt1 p . 255 , fig .

primolius auricollis ( cassin ) 1853 proc . acad . nat . sci . philadelphia 6 p . 372

primolius maracana ( vieillot ) 1816 nouv . dict . hist . nat . 2 p . 260

ara ararauna ( linnaeus ) 1758 syst . nat . ed . 10 p . 96

ara militaris ( linnaeus ) 1766 syst . nat . ed . 12 p . 139

ara militaris mexicanus ridgway 1915 proc . biol . soc . wash . 28 p . 106

ara militaris militaris ( linnaeus ) 1766 syst . nat . ed . 12 p . 139

ara ambiguus ( bechstein ) 1811 allg . uebers . vogel [ latham ] 4 1 p . 65

ara ambiguus ambiguus ( bechstein ) 1811 allg . uebers . vogel [ latham ] 4 1 p . 65

ara ambiguus guayaquilensis chapman 1925 am . mus . novit . no . 205 p . 2

ara macao ( linnaeus ) 1758 syst . nat . ed . 10 p . 96

ara macao cyanopterus wiedenfeld 1995 orn . neotrop . 5 [ " 1994 " ] no . 2 p . 99 citation

ara macao macao ( linnaeus ) 1758 syst . nat . ed . 10 p . 96

ara chloropterus gray , gr 1859 listbirdsbrit . mus . pt3 sect . 2 p . 26 nomenclature

ara tricolor† ( bechstein ) 1811 allg . uebers . vogel [ latham ] 4 1 p . 64 pl . 1 nomenclature

ara severus ( linnaeus ) 1758 syst . nat . ed . 10 p . 97

leptosittaca ( f . ) berlepsch & stolzmann 1894 ibis p . 402 pl . 11

ognorhynchus icterotis ( massena & souance ) 1854 rev . mag . zool . ( 2 ) 6 p . 71

guaruba guarouba ( gmelin ) 1788 syst . nat . 1 pt1 p . 320 citation

diopsittaca nobilis ( linnaeus ) 1758 syst . nat . ed . 10 p . 97

diopsittaca nobilis cumanensis ( lichtenstein ) 1823 verz . doubl . zool . mus . berlin p . 6

diopsittaca nobilis longipennis neumann 1931 mitt . zool . mus . berlin 17 heft3 p . 441 citation

diopsittaca nobilis nobilis ( linnaeus ) 1758 syst . nat . ed . 10 p . 97

thectocercus acuticaudatus ( vieillot ) 1818 nouv . dict . hist . nat . 25 [ " 1817 " ] p . 369

thectocercus acuticaudatus acuticaudatus ( vieillot ) 1818 nouv . dict . hist . nat . 25 [ " 1817 " ] p . 369

thectocercus acuticaudatus haemorrhous ( spix ) 1824 av . sp . nov . brasil . 1 p . 29 pl . 13

thectocercus acuticaudatus neoxenus ( cory ) 1909 fieldmus . nat . hist . pub . orn . ser . 1 p . 243

thectocercus acuticaudatus neumanni ( blake & traylor ) 1947 fieldianazool . 31 no . 21 p . 166

psittacara holochlorus ( sclater , pl ) 1859 ann . mag . nat . hist . ( 3 ) 4 p . 224

psittacara holochlorus brewsteri ( nelson ) 1928 proc . biol . soc . wash . 41 p . 154

psittacara holochlorus holochlorus ( sclater , pl ) 1859 ann . mag . nat . hist . ( 3 ) 4 p . 224

psittacara brevipes ( lawrence ) 1871 ann . lyc . nat . hist . n . y . 10 [ " 1874 " ] p . 14

psittacara rubritorquis ( sclater , pl ) 1887 pzs [ " 1886 " ] pt4 no . 35 p . 539 pl . 56

psittacara strenuus ( ridgway ) 1915 proc . biol . soc . wash . 28 p . 106

psittacara wagleri ( gray , gr ) 1845 gen . birds 2 pl . cii

psittacara wagleri transilis ( peters , jl ) 1927 proc . newengl . zool . cl . 9 p . 111

psittacara wagleri wagleri ( gray , gr ) 1845 gen . birds 2 pl . cii

psittacara frontatus ( cabanis ) 1846 faunaperuana [ tschudi ] orn . p . 272 , note

psittacara frontatus frontatus ( cabanis ) 1846 faunaperuana [ tschudi ] orn . p . 272 , note

psittacara frontatus minor ( carriker ) 1933 proc . acad . nat . sci . philadelphia 85 p . 3

psittacara mitratus chlorogenys ( arndt ) 2006 j . orn . 147 p . 74

psittacara mitratus mitratus ( tschudi ) 1844 arch . naturgesch . 10 p . 304

psittacara mitratus tucumanus ( arndt ) 2006 j . orn . 147 p . 77

psittacara erythrogenys lesson 1844 echomondesav . ( 2 ) 11 no . 34 col . 486 , 487

psittacara leucophthalmus callogenys ( salvadori ) 1891 cat . birdsbrit . mus . 20 p . 171 , 188 citation

psittacara leucophthalmus leucophthalmus ( statius muller ) 1776 natursyst . suppl . p . 75

psittacara leucophthalmus nicefori meyer de schauensee 1946 not . nat . no . 163 p . 2

psittacara euops ( wagler ) 1832 abh . k . bay . akad . wiss . 1 p . 638 pl . 24 fig . 2

psittacara chloropterus souance 1856 rev . mag . zool . ( 2 ) 8 p . 59

psittacara maugei† souance 1856 rev . mag . zool . ( 2 ) 8 p . 59

psittrichas fulgidus ( lesson ) 1830 traitedorn . livr . 3 p . 181 citation

coracopsis vasa ( shaw ) 1812 gen . zool . [ shaw ] 8 pt2 p . 528

coracopsis vasa comorensis ( peters , w ) 1854 ber . k . preuss . akad . wiss . berlin p . 371

coracopsis vasa drouhardi lavauden 1929 alauda 1 no . 4 & 5 p . 231

coracopsis vasa vasa ( shaw ) 1812 gen . zool . [ shaw ] 8 pt2 p . 528

coracopsis nigra ( linnaeus ) 1758 syst . nat . ed . 10 p . 99

coracopsis nigra libs bangs 1927 proc . newengl . zool . cl . 9 p . 83

coracopsis nigra nigra ( linnaeus ) 1758 syst . nat . ed . 10 p . 99

coracopsis nigra sibilans milne - edwards & oustalet 1885 compt . rend . 101 p . 220

micropsitta keiensis ( salvadori ) 1876 ann . mus . civ . stor . nat . genova 7 [ " 1875 " ] p . 984

micropsitta keiensis chloroxantha oberholser 1917 proc . biol . soc . wash . 30 p . 126

micropsitta keiensis keiensis ( salvadori ) 1876 ann . mus . civ . stor . nat . genova 7 [ " 1875 " ] p . 984

micropsitta geelvinkiana ( schlegel ) 1871 nederl . tijdschr . dierk . 4 p . 7

micropsitta geelvinkiana geelvinkiana ( schlegel ) 1871 nederl . tijdschr . dierk . 4 p . 7

micropsitta geelvinkiana misoriensis ( salvadori ) 1876 ann . mus . civ . stor . nat . genova 7 [ " 1875 " ] p . 909

micropsitta pusio ( sclater , pl ) 1866 pzs [ " 1865 " ] pt3 p . 620 pl . 35

micropsitta pusio beccarii ( salvadori ) 1876 ann . mus . civ . stor . nat . genova 8 p . 396

micropsitta pusio harterti mayr 1940 am . mus . novit . no . 1091 p . 2

micropsitta pusio pusio ( sclater , pl ) 1866 pzs [ " 1865 " ] pt3 p . 620 pl . 35

micropsitta finschii ( ramsay , ep ) 1881 proc . linn . soc . news . wales 6 p . 180

micropsitta finschii finschii ( ramsay , ep ) 1881 proc . linn . soc . news . wales 6 p . 180

micropsitta finschii tristrami ( rothschild & hartert ) 1902 novit . zool . 9 p . 589

micropsitta finschii viridifrons ( rothschild & hartert ) 1899 orn . monatsb . 7 no . 9 p . 138

micropsitta bruijnii ( salvadori ) 1875 ann . mus . civ . stor . nat . genova 7 p . 715 , note , p . 753 , 907 pl . 21

micropsitta bruijnii bruijnii ( salvadori ) 1875 ann . mus . civ . stor . nat . genova 7 p . 715 , note , p . 753 , 907 pl . 21

micropsitta bruijnii pileata mayr 1940 am . mus . novit . no . 1091 p . 2

micropsitta bruijnii rosea mayr 1940 am . mus . novit . no . 1091 p . 2

polytelis swainsonii ( desmarest ) 1826 dict . sci . nat . 39 p . 39

polytelis anthopeplus ( lear ) 1831 ill . psittac . [ lear ] pt8 pl . 29

polytelis anthopeplus anthopeplus ( lear ) 1831 ill . psittac . [ lear ] pt8 pl . 29

alisterus amboinensis ( linnaeus ) 1766 syst . nat . ed . 12 p . 141

alisterus amboinensis amboinensis ( linnaeus ) 1766 syst . nat . ed . 12 p . 141

alisterus amboinensis buruensis ( salvadori ) 1876 ann . mus . civ . stor . nat . genova 8 p . 371

alisterus amboinensis dorsalis ( quoy & gaimard ) 1832 voy . astrolabezool . 1 [ 1830 " ] p . 234 atlasois . pl . 21 fig . 3

alisterus amboinensis hypophonius ( muller , s ) 1843 verh . nat . gesch . [ temminck ] land - volk . no . 6 p . 181 , note

alisterus amboinensis sulaensis ( reichenow ) 1881 j . orn . 29 no . 154 p . 128

alisterus chloropterus ( ramsay , ep ) 1879 proc . linn . soc . news . wales 3 pt3 p . 251

alisterus chloropterus callopterus ( albertis & salvadori ) 1879 ann . mus . civ . stor . nat . genova 14 p . 29

alisterus chloropterus chloropterus ( ramsay , ep ) 1879 proc . linn . soc . news . wales 3 pt3 p . 251

alisterus chloropterus moszkowskii ( reichenow ) 1911 orn . monatsb . 19 p . 82

alisterus scapularis ( lichtenstein ) 1816 zool . mus . univ . berlin p . 29

alisterus scapularis minor mathews 1911 novit . zool . 18 no . 1 p . 23

alisterus scapularis scapularis ( lichtenstein ) 1816 zool . mus . univ . berlin p . 29

aprosmictus jonquillaceus ( vieillot ) 1818 nouv . dict . hist . nat . 25 [ " 1817 " ] p . 352

aprosmictus jonquillaceus jonquillaceus ( vieillot ) 1818 nouv . dict . hist . nat . 25 [ " 1817 " ] p . 352

aprosmictus jonquillaceus wetterensis ( salvadori ) 1891 cat . birdsbrit . mus . 20 p . 481 , 484 citation

aprosmictus erythropterus ( gmelin ) 1788 syst . nat . 1 pt1 p . 343

aprosmictus erythropterus coccineopterus ( gould ) 1865 handb . birdsaustr . 2 p . 39

aprosmictus erythropterus erythropterus ( gmelin ) 1788 syst . nat . 1 pt1 p . 343

prioniturus platurus ( vieillot ) 1818 nouv . dict . hist . nat . 25 [ " 1817 " ] p . 314

prioniturus platurus platurus ( vieillot ) 1818 nouv . dict . hist . nat . 25 [ " 1817 " ] p . 314

prioniturus waterstradti malindangensis mearns 1909 proc . u . s . natl . mus . 36 no . 1678 p . 437

prioniturus platenae blasius , w 1888 braunschw . anz . no . 37 p . 335 author

prioniturus flavicans cassin 1853 proc . acad . nat . sci . philadelphia 6 p . 373

prioniturus discurus ( vieillot ) 1822 gal . ois . 1 p . 7 pl . 26

prioniturus discurus discurus ( vieillot ) 1822 gal . ois . 1 p . 7 pl . 26

prioniturus discurus whiteheadi salomonsen 1953 vidensk . medd . dansk . naturhist . for . 115 p . 224

eclectus roratus cornelia bonaparte 1850 compt . rend . 30 p . 135 , 136 citation

eclectus roratus macgillivrayi mathews 1913 australav . rec . 2 no . 4 p . 75

eclectus roratus polychloros ( scopoli ) 1786 del . flor . faun . insubr . 2 p . 87

eclectus roratus riedeli meyer , ab 1882 pzs [ " 1881 " ] pt4 p . 917

eclectus roratus roratus ( statius muller ) 1776 natursyst . suppl . p . 77

eclectus roratus solomonensis rothschild & hartert 1901 novit . zool . 8 no . 1 p . 82

eclectus roratus vosmaeri ( rothschild ) 1922 ann . mag . nat . hist . ( 9 ) 9 p . 412

eclectus roratus westermani† ( bonaparte ) 1850 consp . gen . av . 1 p . 4

geoffroyus geoffroyi ( bechstein ) 1811 allg . uebers . vogel [ latham ] 4 1 p . 103 pl . 21

geoffroyus geoffroyi aruensis ( gray , gr ) 1858 pzs pt26 no . 358 p . 183

geoffroyus geoffroyi cyanicollis ( muller , s ) 1841 verh . nat . gesch . [ temminck ] land - volk . no . 4 p . 108 , 182 , note

geoffroyus geoffroyi floresianus salvadori 1891 cat . birdsbrit . mus . 20 p . 400 , 406 citation


amphipyra is a genus of moths .

it is the only genus remaining in the subfamily amphipyrinae , the others having been removed , e.g. , to the hadeninae .

amphipyra

amphipyra <EOT> patrick coin marked " amphipyra pyramidoides " as trusted on the " amphipyra pyramidoides " page .

patrick coin marked " copper underwing " as trusted on the " amphipyra pyramidoides " page .

patrick coin marked " copper underwing ( corrected ! ) " as trusted on the " amphipyra pyramidoides " page .

this species is nearly identical to amphipyra glabella , an eastern species that enters our area in the northeast . these species are easily separated by locality since a . brunneoatra only occurs in southwestern oregon .

) . however , the relative distributions of each species are still not fully known , as the differences between them are becoming clearer .

there are a number of subtle ways to help distinguish the two species , but one recently quoted feature is the detail of the labial palps when viewed head - on . svensson ' s has dark palps with pale tips , whereas copper underwing ' s palps are pale throughout .

ukmoths is built , run and maintained by ian kimber , with thanks to the many kind contributors who provide photos and information .

the ukmoths facebook page is a great place to post your identification queries . more often than not you ' ll get a positive id on most photos fairly quickly .

looking for a specific moth species ? enter just part of the name below .

procache : v317 render date : 2018 - 06 - 18 20 : 08 : 57 page render time : 0 . 2610s total w / procache : 0 . 3019s

photographs are the copyrighted property of each photographer listed . contact individual photographers for permission to use for any purpose .

powell , j . a . & p . a . opler , moths of western north america , pl . 51 . 35f ; p . 286 . book review and ordering

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upcoming events 2018 bugguide gathering in virginia july 27 - 29 : registration and discussion photos of insects and people from the 2015 gathering in wisconsin , july 10 - 12 photos of insects and people from the 2014 gathering in virginia , june 4 - 7 . photos of insects and people from the 2013 gathering in arizona , july 25 - 28 photos of insects and people from the 2012 gathering in alabama photos of insects and people from the 2011 gathering in iowa photos from the 2010 workshop in grinnell , iowa photos from the 2009 gathering in washington

one generation per year ; larvae active in spring ; when ready to pupate they build a shelter by rolling a leaf . aggregations of newly eclosed adults found under bark , etc . in mid - summer

1 : caterpillar . 2 : caterpillar , later instar . 3 : rolled leaf shelter . 4 : pupa . 5 and 6 : adults

not one of the " true " underwings ( catocala spp . ) which have either all - black or banded hindwings .

the coppery - orange hindwing of a . pyramidoides is diagnostic but rarely visible in live moths , as they tend to keep their forewings together , covering the hindwings .

live larva image by lance risley , william paterson u . , new jersey ( insectimages . org )

common name reference [ humped green fruitworm ; larva ] ( insectimages . org )

peterson field guides : eastern moths charles v . covell . 1984 . houghton mifflin company .

owlet caterpillars of eastern north america david l . wagner . 2011 . princeton university press .

caterpillars of eastern north america david l . wagner . 2005 . princeton university press .

disclaimer : dedicated naturalists volunteer their time and resources here to provide this service . we strive to provide accurate information , but we are mostly just amateurs attempting to make sense of a diverse natural world . if you need expert professional advice , contact your local extension office .

contributors own the copyright to and are solely responsible for contributed content . click the contributor ' s name for licensing and usage information . everything else copyright © 2003 - 2018 iowa state university , unless otherwise noted .

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ca : lake co . anderson springs , 1338 ft 38 . 8 , - 122 . 7 july 08 , 1949 , wr bauer . specimen courtesy of lgcc photograph copyright : merrill a . peterson

this species is widely distributed in the southwest . in the pacific northwest , it appears to be narrowly restricted to riparian habitats along rivers at low elevations in southwest oregon .

the range of this species includes most of california west of the sierra nevada . it probably occurs in the southwest , possibly as far east as colorado , but the eastern limits seems uncertain due to possible confusion with a . glabella .

no information is presently available regarding larval foodplants of this species , but it probably feeds on cottonwoods ( populus spp . ) in the salicaceae based upon the habitat and closely related species .

the adults of a . brunneoatra fly in late summer . they are nocturnal and come to lights .

this work is licensed under a creative commons attribution - noncommercial - sharealike 4 . 0 international license

if you have images for this taxon that you would like to share with nbn atlas , please upload using the upload tools .

a fairly large ( 3 . 2 - 5 . 8 cm wingspan ) broad - winged moth with glistening dark sooty brown forewings and copper - orange hindwings . the forewing basad to the postmedian line is darker than the terminal area . the postmedian line , the orbicular spot and to a lesser degree the antemedian line are light brown to dirty white . the antennae are simple , and the sexes are essentially alike . the large size and shining , coppery - orange unbanded hindwings will separate the copper underwing from all other alberta moths .

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[ cite : 744566 ] profiles of > 2000 spp . from europe jump to : odonata | orthoptera | auchenorhyncha | heteroptera adults • nymphs | diptera |

a collection of resources providing detailed information on major taxa of nc aquatic insects ( ept , beetles , chironomids ) . some of these guides are posted as separate ref entries

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to date 683 species of macro - moth along with 1159 species of micro - moth have been recorded in norfolk since records began in victorian times . this site aims to provide full details of all the species that occur ( or once occurred ) in norfolk , with photographs , descriptions , flight graphs , latest records , distribution maps and more !

if you have photos of any moths featured on this site , and would like them displayed along with your name and comments . . . please send them in ( any size . jpg images ) .

please consider helping with the running costs of norfolk moths . thank you : - )

underlying maps using digital map data © norfolk online lepidoptera archive - nola™ 2018 . © james wheeler - n o r f o l k m o t h s 2007 - 2018 . data © nola™ 2018

a resident species , generally occurring singly or sparingly at mv light in a wide range of habitats , but often fairly common to occasionally very common on sugar in woods . well and probably generally distributed but high numbers are local and distinctly episodic . single - brooded , flying mainly from mid - july to late september . larvae feed on a variety of trees and shrubs , including honeysuckle and apple . ( pratt , 2011 )

a maximum of five species may be selected . the data for each species can be then viewed on the same page . tick the box below to select this species .

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some larger moths , even common ones found in gardens , are difficult to identify . this book gives naturalists the means to tackle these tricky species .

british and irish moths : an illustrated guide to selected difficult species ( covering the use of genitalia characters and other features ) makes available up - to - date information on the identification of difficult macro - moths , beyond what is currently available in the field guides . written by moth experts martin townsend , jon clifton and brian goodey , and originally published in 2010 , 72 larger moth species ( plus their subspecies and forms ) are included .

much of the guide is focussed on genitalia characteristics , although there are discussions of other characteristics such as wing markings ( see example pages shown below ) . it provides the next step for those wishing to make definitive determinations of difficult moths such as ear moths , dark / grey daggers , copper underwings and the november moth group .

the book itself is out of print and there are no plans to reprint it . however , the full contents are now available online here .

at the moment the 72 larger moth species ( plus their subspecies and forms ) from the original publication are included in this online version . simply click on the species of interest in the table below to view the text , keys and illustrations . the introductory text and how to use the guide can be found here . details on dissection methods , morphology and the glossary can be found here . the references and further reading can be found here .

some of the files are quite large and may take several minutes to download . you will need a . pdf viewer to open the files .

please note that the key and figure relating to female satin beauty deileptenia ribeata ( pages 40 & 41 ) are the corrected versions .

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the data comes from archaeological sites , essentially directly related to human activity . species presence can have a varied origin : food leftovers ( farming , hunting , fishing or harvesting ) ; crafts ( working shell , horn , but also bones preserved inside prepared skin , etc . . . ) with the possibility of interaction between human group ; commensal anthropophilic species ( rat , mouse , sparrow , cockroach ) ; or accidentally present species .

do not be surprised to find cod or mackerel in paris in the late middle ages ( 14th - 15th c . ) . . . the sea did not come that far , but trade did .

in compliance with laws and intellectual property practices in the scientific world , unpublished data under five years ( from excavation reports , analyses , but also academia ) is never communicated .

the dots represent the sites for which a study ( or a simple recording ) of fauna and / or flora was performed ; these sites were recorded in the database zooarchaeological and archaeobotanical inventories of france ( i2af ) . the lack of dots can mean both a lack of data and / or lack of recording .

the dots remain gray when the selected species is absent from the site . symbols of different colour mark the presence of the species in different periods .

to select / deselect one or more periods or to remove the dots corresponding to the listed sites , check / uncheck in the right side .

hovering a dot reveals in the left corner at the bottom of the map , the name of the department or municipality . one click enables the list of sites present on the municipality .

the selection of a site opens a new page that displays general information relating thereto ( other name ( s ) known , location . . . ) , the bibliographical reference ( s ) connected to the species , and a summary of plant and animal species identified per large time period .

a timeline summarizes all known information on the species . the relevant periods or sub - periods when the detail is known , are highlighted in red . tool tip : passing over a period ( palaeolithic for example ) displays the date range of the period .

access to more detailed information is accessible only by convention , after login , for scientists affiliated to groups or institutional programs ( national center of scientific research , national institute of preventive archaeological research , for example ) or associations ( international council for archaeozoology , for example ) .

warning : the data available reflects the progression status of knowledge or the availability of the inventories . it should never be considered as comprehensive .

national inventory of natural heritage , website : https : / / inpn . mnhn . fr .

credits - computer translations are provided by a combination of our statistical machine translator , google , microsoft , systran and worldlingo .

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atractaspis boulengeri , or the central african burrowing asp , is a species of venomous snake in the atractaspididae family .

it is endemic to africa .

atractaspis boulengeri

atractaspis boulengeri <EOT> atractaspis boulengeri by lambert m . surhone , mariam t . tennoe , susan f . henssonow

the specific epithet , boulengeri , is in honor of belgian - british herpetologist george albert boulenger .

scott ellsworth changed the thumbnail image of " atractaspis bibronii bibron ' s stiletto snake " .

scott ellsworth changed the thumbnail image of " atractaspis bibronii , bibron ' s stiletto snake " .

renato agazzi added the italian common name " atrattaspide di bibron " to " atractaspis bibronii smith 1849 " .

hans - martin braun added the german common name " südliche erdotter " to " atractaspis bibronii smith 1849 " .

renato agazzi marked the classification from " integrated taxonomic information system ( itis ) " as preferred for " atractaspis bibronii smith 1849 " .

laurent , r . f . ( 1945 ) contribution a la connaissance du genre atractaspis a . smith . : rev . zool . bot . afr . , 38 : 312 - 343

beolens b , watkins m , grayson m . 2011 . the eponym dictionary of reptiles . baltimore : johns hopkins university press . xiii + 296 pp . isbn 978 - 1 - 4214 - 0135 - 5 . ( atractaspis bibroni [ sic ] , p . 25 ) .

branch , bill . 2004 . field guide to snakes and other reptiles of southern africa . third revised edition , second impression . sanibel island , florida : ralph curtis books . 399 pp . isbn 0 - 88359 - 042 - 5 ( atractaspis bibronii , p . 62 & plate 38 ) .

boulenger ga . 1896 . catalogue of the snakes in the british museum ( natural history ) , volume iii . , containing the . . . viperidæ . london : trustees of the british museum ( natural history ) . ( taylor and francis , printers ) . xiv + 727 pp . + plates i - xxv . ( atractaspis bibronii , p . 515 ) .

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snake species of the world , vol . undetermined , manuscript ( version 2004 )

working manuscript of follow - up volumes to mcdiarmid et al . ( 1999 ) , " snake species of the world : a taxonomic and geographic reference , vol . 1 "

disclaimer : itis taxonomy is based on the latest scientific consensus available , and is provided as a general reference source for interested parties . however , it is not a legal authority for statutory or regulatory purposes . while every effort has been made to provide the most reliable and up - to - date information available , ultimate legal requirements with respect to species are contained in provisions of treaties to which the united states is a party , wildlife statutes , regulations , and any applicable notices that have been published in the federal register . for further information on u . s . legal requirements with respect to protected taxa , please contact the u . s . fish and wildlife service .

confused by a class within a class or an order within an order ? please see our brief essay .

to cite this page : myers , p . , r . espinosa , c . s . parr , t . jones , g . s . hammond , and t . a . dewey . 2018 . the animal diversity web ( online ) . accessed at https : / / animaldiversity . org .

disclaimer : the animal diversity web is an educational resource written largely by and for college students . adw doesn ' t cover all species in the world , nor does it include all the latest scientific information about organisms we describe . though we edit our accounts for accuracy , we cannot guarantee all information in those accounts . while adw staff and contributors provide references to books and websites that we believe are reputable , we cannot necessarily endorse the contents of references beyond our control .

this material is based upon work supported by the national science foundation grants drl 0089283 , drl 0628151 , due 0633095 , drl 0918590 , and due 1122742 . additional support has come from the marisla foundation , um college of literature , science , and the arts , museum of zoology , and information and technology services .

eol content is automatically assembled from many different content providers . as a result , from time to time you may find pages on eol that are confusing .

to request an improvement , please leave a comment on the page . thank you !

update 1st june , 2018 : we just set up snake _ id , a cool new page that simplifies snake identification . be sure to check it out !

images provided by flickr - / inaturalist - api . sporadic false assignments may occur .

do not try to catch these snakes by grabbing them behind the head . they can and will bite while being held at the neck . the potency of their venom is discussed controversely . lethal bite accidents ( circulatory failure , respiratory arrest ) are well documented .

? ? ? to ? ? ? meter above sea level ( a . s . l . )

treatment summary burrowing asp bites mostly cause minor effects , but severe local effects , including necrosis , can occur , as can potentially lethal systemic effects , so all cases should be urgently assessed , have ongoing cardiac monitoring , receive supportive & symptomatic treatment . antivenom is not generally available .

general approach to management all cases should be treated as urgent & potentially lethal . rapid assessment & commencement of treatment including appropriate antivenom ( if indicated & available ) is mandatory . admit all cases .

( cc by - sa 3 . 0 ) , or the attribution - noncommerical - sharealike

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( gpl3 . 0 ) , or in the public domain ( pd ) , as shown in the caption to the image displayed on www . toxinology . com .

copyright 2001 - 2018 toxinology , wch . all rights reserved . best viewed in 800x600 resolution or higher .

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chifundera , k . ( 1990 ) snakes of zaire and their bites . : afr . stud . monogr . ( kyoto ) 10 ( 3 ) : 137 - 157 .

chirio , l . & lebreton , m . ( 2007 ) atlas des reptiles du cameroun . : mnhn , ird , paris 688 pp .

chirio , laurent and ivan ineich ( 2006 ) biogeography of the reptiles of the central african republic . : african journal of herpetology 55 ( 1 ) : 23 - 59 .

dobiey , m . & vogel , g . ( 2007 ) venomous snakes of africa / giftschlangen afrikas . : terralog 15 , edition chimaira , frankfurt am main , 150 pp .

laurent , r . f . ( 1956 ) contribution à l ' herpetologie de la région des grandes lacs de l ' afrique centrale . : ann . mus . roy . congo belge ( sci . zool . ) , 48 : 1 - 390

mocquard , m . f . ( 1897 ) sur une collection de reptiles recueillis par m . haug , à lambaréné . : bull . soc . philom . paris , ( 8 ) 9 : 5 - 20

pauwels , o . s . g . & vande weghe , j . p . ( 2008 ) les reptiles du gabon . : smithsonian institution , washington : 272 pp .

sternfeld , r . ( 1917 ) reptilia und amphibia . in : schubotz , h . ( hrsg . ) : wissenschaftliche ergebnisse der zweiten deutschen zentral - afrika - expedition , 1910 - 1911 unter führung adolph friedrichs , herzog zu mecklenburg . : leipzig : klinkhardt & biermann , [ band ] 1 , zoologie , lieferung 11 ; s . 407 - 510 .

trape , j . f . ( 1985 ) les serpents de la region de dimonika ( mayombe , republique popilaire du congo . : revue de zoologie africaine 99 ( 2 ) : 135 - 140

trape , j . f . & r . roux - estève ( 1995 ) les serpents du congo : liste commentée et clé de détermination . : journal of african zoology 109 ( 1 ) : 31 - 50

werner , f . ( 1897 ) über reptilien und batrachier aus togoland , kamerun und tunis aus dem kgl . museum für naturkunde in berlin . : verh . zool . - bot . ges . , wien 47 : 395 - 407

adults average 30 - 50 cm ( 12 - 20 inches ) in total length with a maximum of 70 cm ( 27½ inches ) . the color pattern consists of a purplish - brown , gray or black ground color , often with a purplish sheen . the belly can be brownish , white or pale yellow in color , with a series of dark blotches . in specimens with a lighter belly coloration , this may also include two or three scale rows on the flanks .

snout prominent , subcuneiform . portion of rostral visible from above as long as or a little shorter than its distance from the frontal . dorsal scales in 21 or 23 rows . ventrals 221 - 260 ; anal entire ; subcaudals 20 - 23 , all or greater part single ( not divided ) .

the venom is highly toxic , although it is produced in very small amounts . bites are common in some areas . often , snake handlers are bitten who are unaware that this species is able to bite while being held by the neck . bite symptoms usually include mild to intense pain , local swelling with occasional blistering and necrosis and regional lymphadenopathy . no fatalities have been recorded .

spawls s , branch b . 1995 . the dangerous snakes of africa . ralph curtis books . dubai : oriental press . 192 pp . isbn 0 - 88359 - 029 - 8 .

classification from integrated taxonomic information system ( itis ) selected by renato agazzi - see more .

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algia is a genus of butterflies of the subfamily heliconiinae in the family nymphalidae found in southeast asia .

the genus ranges from burma to new guinea .

algia

algia <EOT> algia fasciata ; vane - wright & de jong , 2003 , zool . verh . leiden 343 : 233

algia satyrina ; vane - wright & de jong , 2003 , zool . verh . leiden 343 : 233

algia fasciata angustata ; vane - wright & de jong , 2003 , zool . verh . leiden 343 : 232

algia fasciata lautus ; vane - wright & de jong , 2003 , zool . verh . leiden 343 : 232

algia satyrina satyrina ; vane - wright & de jong , 2003 , zool . verh . leiden 343 : 233

algia satyrina sibylla ; vane - wright & de jong , 2003 , zool . verh . leiden 343 : 233

“ - algia ” in diccionario de la lengua española , vigésima tercera edición , real academia española , 2014 .

algia satyrina similliana [ sic ] ; vane - wright & de jong , 2003 , zool . verh . leiden 343 : 233

genus : algia herrich - schäffer , 1864 . corresp . - bl . zool . - min . ver . regensburg 18 ( 9 ) : 125 .

algia fasciata ( c . & r . felder , 1860 ) = atella fasciata c . & r . felder , 1860 = cirrochroa fasciata = paduca fasciata .

most words ending in - algia are specialist medical terms , but a few are more generally known , such as neuralgia , intense intermittent pain along the course of a nerve .

it is still felt that stability and universality will best be served by the continued use of paduca moore , 1886 and the rejection of algia herrich - schäffer , 1864 , and a proposal to this effect is being submitted . "

in annot . rhop . 1968 ( p . 16 , note 2 ) it was said than an application would be submitted under article 23b regarding algia herrich - schäffer , 1864 and paduca moore , 1886 , whose type - species are regarded respectively as the celebes and the sumatran subspecies of the same species . this has not been done .

algia was never brought into general use because , not only was it introduced in unsatisfactory fashion as hemming points out so clearly , but it also was discarded by scudder in his historical sketch ( 1875 ) . it ranked as a perfect example of a nomen oblitum when , a century after its introduction , hemming ( 1964 : 124 ) improperly revived it . this act contravened article 23 ( b ) of the code in that he did not " refer it to the commission , to be placed either on the appropriate official index of rejected names or , if such action better serves the stability and universality of nomenclature , on the appropriate official list [ hemming , 1967 ] . a nomen oblitum is not to be used unless the commission so directs .

ducapa moore , 1900 ; lepidoptera indica 4 : 209 ( unn . repl . paduca moore , 1886 ) ; ts : atella fasciata c . & r . felder

paduca fasciata fasciata ; [ bor ] , 260 ; [ bmp ] : 152 , pl . 21 , f . 16 - 17

paduca fasciata palloris fruhstorfer , 1900 ; berl . ent . zs . 45 ( 1 / 2 ) : 16 ; tl : palawan

cirrochroa fasciata bilbilis fruhstorfer , 1912 ; in seitz , gross - schmett . erde 9 : 485

cirrochroa fasciata ortopia fruhstorfer , 1912 ; in seitz , gross - schmett . erde 9 : 485

cirrochroa satyrina angustata fruhstorfer , 1912 ; in seitz , gross - schmett . erde 9 : 485

cirrochroa fasciata formosana matsumura , 1929 ; insecta matsumurana 3 ( 2 / 3 ) : 96 , pl . 4 , f . 12 ; tl : formosa

cirrochroa satyrina c . & r . felder , [ 1867 ] ; reise fregatte novara , bd 2 ( abth . 2 ) ( 3 ) : 389 ; tl : celebes

cirrochroa sibylla röber , 1887 ; corr . - bl . ent . ver . iris 1 ( 4 ) : 191 , pl . 7 , f . 7

cirrochroa similiana röber , 1887 ; corr . - bl . ent . ver . iris 1 ( 4 ) : 191 , pl . 7 , f . 8

cirrochroa felderi kirsch , 1877 ; mitt . zool . mus . dresden ( 2 ) : 123

? messaras mimicus rothschild , 1904 ; novit . zool . 11 ( 1 ) : 318 , pl . 3 , f . 43 ♂ ; tl : upper aroa river

[ ² ] this may require parentheses or not . i don ' t have the necessary information for this taxon .

the butterflies of the malay peninsula . fourth edition revised by j . n . eliot with plates by bernard d ' abrera

reise der österreichischen fregatte novara um die erde in den jahren 1857 , 1858 , 1859 unter den behilfen des commodore b . von wüllerstorf - urbair . zoologischer theil . band 2 . abtheilung 2 . lepidoptera . rhopalocera

rhopalocera bazilana . verzeichniss der von w . doherty auf der insel bazilan gesammelten tagfalter

list of the lepidoptera of mergui and its archipelago collected for the trustees of the indian museum , calcutta , by dr john anderson f . r . s . , superintendent of the museum

lepidoptera from british new guinea , collected by mr . a . s . meek

vane - wright & de jong , 2003 the butterflies of sulawesi : annotated checklist for a critical island faunda zool . verh . leiden 343 : 3 - 268 , pl . 1 - 16

if you have corrections , comments or information to add into these pages , just send mail to markku savela keep in mind that the taxonomic information is copied from various sources , and may include many inaccuracies . expert help is welcome .

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) , and neuralgia ( nerve pain ) . derived from the greek algos meaning pain .

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brackets ( also called parentheses ) are used to enclose a word or words which can be left out and still leave a meaningful sentence . the wooded area ( see map below ) is approximately 4 , 000 hectares . . . .

impress your friends , family and colleagues with this unusual collection of football lingo .

catch up on the latest words in the news this june with robert groves .

all the latest wordy news , linguistic insights , offers and competitions every month .

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one that seems not to fit here is nostalgia , a sentimental longing or wistful affection for the past ; this first entered the language meaning homesickness ( greek nostos , return home ) , hence having a sense close to ‘pain of separation’ .

a few terms have linked adjectives in - algic , for example arthralgic , myalgic , neuralgic , and nostalgic .

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" those oversized vrykul are not the first thing you want to run into in northrend . try the undead of borean tundra instead . "

equip : gain 10 % increased movement speed and 2 % haste . successfully applying a loss of control effect to an enemy , interrupting an enemy , or dispelling any target increases this effect to 70 % increased movement speed and 25 % haste for 10 sec . this increase may occur once every 30 sec .

" intangibility is a curious concept . the word suggests some magical ability , but in the physical world , it simply means the power to be here or there , now or later . "

equip : your damaging abilities have a chance to create a ravaging storm at your target ' s location , inflicting 88 nature damage split among all enemies within 6 yds over 6 sec . golganneth ' s thunderous wrath when empowered by the pantheon , your autoattacks cause an explosion of lightning dealing 12 nature damage to all enemies within 8 yds of the target . lasts 15 sec .

equip : your melee attacks have a chance to grant an echo of gorshalach . on reaching 15 applications , you lash out with a devastating combination of attacks , critically striking enemies in a 15 yd cone in front of you for 177 fire damage .

equip : grants the fury of the illidari ability , which repeatedly slashes all nearby enemies with your warglaives .

" make examples of those foolish enough to oppose you , and the rest of their kind will grovel at your feet . "

charge to your target and deal 207 , 869 fire damage . demon ' s bite has a chance to reset the cooldown of felblade . generates 30 fury .

your auto attacks have a 60 % chance to deal additional shadow damage and generate fury .

throw glaive causes targets to bleed for 150 % of the damage inflicted over 10 sec . if this effect is reapplied , any remaining damage will be added to the new bloodlet .

slip into the nether , increasing movement speed by 100 % and becoming immune to damage , but unable to attack . lasts 5 sec .

fel rush and vengeful retreat increase your damage done by 20 % for 4 sec .

throw glaive now has 2 charges , and snares all enemies hit by 50 % for 6 sec .

at your command , unleash fel , inflicting 1 . 6 million chaos damage to your target and nearby enemies over 2 sec . your damaging abilities have a chance to reduce the cooldown of fel barrage by 5 sec .

infernal strike ' s range is increased by 10 yards , and its cooldown is reduced by 8 sec .

immolation aura ' s initial burst has a chance to shatter lesser soul fragments from enemies .

brutally slam your target for 474 , 543 physical damage , and shatter two lesser soul fragments from them .

place a sigil of chains at the target location that activates after 2 sec . all enemies affected by the sigil are pulled to its center and are snared , reducing movement speed by 70 % for 6 sec .

consume all soul fragments within 25 yds and then explode , afflicting nearby enemies with frailty for 20 sec and damaging them for 106 , 219 fire per fragment . you heal for 20 % of all damage you deal to enemies with frailty .

sustaining fatal damage instead transforms you to metamorphosis form , and returns you to 30 % health . this effect may only occur every 8 min .

this species was until recently known from myanmar ( karen hills southward ) , indo - china ( thailand , laos , vietnam ) , se asia , and andaman islands . recently there have been several records from ne india , extending the range of the species northwestward by approximately 1 , 000 km , over several mountain ranges . the records are :

1 . a male from kaliabor , nagaon district , assam , 13 april 2011 , by prarthana mudai ( urltoken ) .

2 . a female and another unsexed individual from malidor river , sonapyrdi , east jaintia hills district , meghalaya , 25 nov . 2011 , by rajkamal goswami ( boi media code an947 ) .

3 . a male and another unsexed individual from same location as an947 , on 10 nov . 2012 , by rajkamal goswami ( boi media codes an945 and an946 ) .

felder & felder , 1860 – branded yeoman . kunte , k . , s . sondhi , and p . roy ( chief editors ) .

if mentioning specific images please give media code ( s ) . for misidentifications please list reasons to assist in diagnosis .

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type - species : cirrochroa satyrina felder & felder , 1867 . reise öst . fregatte novara ( 9 ) , 2 ( 2 ) : 389 . [ bhl ]

type - species designation : by subsequent designation by hemming , 1964 . annot . lep . : 124 .

it is wrong to treat paduca moore ( see also : list [ hemming , 1967 ] : 330 ) as not in current use . with ducapa the name has long been well known , and was mentioned in seitz ( grschm . erde 9 : 484 , by fruhstorfer , 1912 ) , and paduca was confirmed as fully valid by corbet in 1956 ( butt . malay penin . : 198 , 446 , 477 note 15 ) , in his classic which is widely consulted now in the territory of paduca .

these two generic names remain both valid , their synonymy being purely subjective . the type - species , a . satyrina felder & felder , 1867 and p . fasciata folder & felder , 1860 are remarkably different in appearance and there is even some structural difference between them . although they must represent the same original parent species their divergence is considerable and presents an interesting situation . it is felt that until more is known of their early stages , habits and other properties , there is no harm in leaving the nomenclature as it stands . in any case it is not possible to act under article 23b at present , as that article is still in abeyance , having been inoperative since 1966 .

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we have kept jott a free peer - reviewed scientific journal to promote conservation . we have not put up a paywall to readers , and we do not charge for publishing . but running a monthly journal costs a lot . while we do have some partners , we still require support to keep the journal alive . if our readers help fund it , our future will be more secure .

urn : lsid : zoobank . org : pub : 81923c7e - 531a - 499c - baea - 42bd6e2f8d26

. creative commons attribution 4 . 0 international license . jott allows unrestricted use of this article in any medium , reproduction and distribution by providing adequate credit to the authors and the source of publication .

council of scientific and industrial research ( csir ) and rufford small grant ( rsg ) .

we thank the council of scientific and industrial research ( csir ) for supporting the fellowship of the first author , rufford small grants for financially supporting the study and dr . krushnamegh kunte for identifying the species from the first images and prashanth m . b . for preparing the map . we also thank two anonymous reviewers whose comments helped to improve the manuscript .

( felder & felder , 1860 ) has been known to occur from myanmar ( south of karen hills ) , thailand , laos , vietnam , hainan , malay peninsula , borneo , sumatra , nias , java , philippines and the andaman islands with different geographical races or subspecies ( inayoshi 2012 ) . from both myanmar and the andamans , it was reported as ‘not rare’ by evans ( 1932 ) whereas corbet et al . ( 1992 ) reported the species to be very common in the malay peninsula . the other two species of the genus

from jaintia hills of meghalaya and the adjacent barail hills of assam ( see fig . 1 ) , based on several individuals recorded consistently over a period of three years between november 2011 and july 2014 . this is the only species of the genus

a detailed description of the species was provided by evans ( 1932 ) . the female of

are with a dull ochreous brand on either side of veins 5 and 6 . upperside is dark brown with a pale yellow discal band on the fore and hind wing and two outer rows of conjoined yellow spots ; the discal band on upper fore wing ends at vein 4 and there is a yellow spot that spreads across veins 5 and 6 . the wingspan of the species is 40–50 mm ( pinratana 2006 ) . the larvae which feeds on

the first known record of this species from the indian mainland was reported through an image posted for identification on facebook ( on 10 september 2011 ) . the image was shot at kaliabor , situated in the nagaon district of assam on 13 april 2011 ( fig . 1 ) and has been reported in the local print media (

monsoon jyoti gogoi ( mjg ) might have sighted the species in numaligarh reserve situated in the golaghat district of assam circa february 2008 , but the record remains unconfirmed in the absence of a photographic record . apart from the above sightings , the species has not been reported from the above two sites or any nearby locations till date .

on 24 november 2011 and three individuals from malidor on 25 november 2011 . rg and seena n . karimbumkara ( snk ) further recorded two individuals in sonapyrdi on 8 november 2012 and seven individuals on the same date in malidor ( image 1 a , c , d , e ) . subsequently , from barail hills , mjg reported

through two individuals recorded in december 2012 . mjg has also recorded several individuals of this species from three different locations at barail wildlife sanctuary in 2013 and 2014 , both during the month of december ( image 1 b , f ) .

from jaintia hills , all the records of this species have been reported from approximately 50–300 m elevation . however , the elevation range of this species was much higher in barail hills , with records at 950m .

both rg and mjg have been involved in multi - seasonal monitoring of the species in jaintia hills and barail hills and both these sites have been intensively monitored between 2011–2013 . it has been observed that the flight period of

is between july and december in the jaintia and barail hills . we are yet to record the species during the month of march - april , as was recorded by mudai in 2011 .

between july and december might mean that the butterfly is not breeding in the area and that the sighted individuals are vagrants from neighbouring myanmar . alternatively , their restricted appearance in assam and meghalaya might also be an indicator of the population’s univoltine characteristic . according to our sightings , the species is locally common in the narpuh area of east jaintia hills , meghalaya and barail wildlife sanctuary , cachar , assam .

from india , apart from the sites mentioned in assam and meghalaya , the species has also been reported from the buxa tiger reserve ( btr ) , situated in the duar region , northern part of west bengal ( s . nandi pers . comm . 2012 ) . since then , however , the species has not been reported from btr , where both amateurs and researchers are engaged in

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curators : konstantin efetov , vasiliy feoktistov , svyatoslav knyazev , evgeny komarov , stan korb , alexander zhakov .

species catalog enables to sort by characteristics such as expansion , flight time , etc . .

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species cirrochroa orissa c . felder & r . felder , 1860 - malay yeoman