salenski 's shrew ( chodsigoa salenskii ) is a red-toothed shrew found only in northern sichuan , china .

it is listed as a critically endangered species due to habitat loss and a restricted range .

salenski ' s shrew

salenski ' s shrew <EOT> one salenski ' s shrew weighed 5 - 6 g ( approximately 0 . 2 oz ) .

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salenski ' s shrew is one of the species that live in the mountains of southwest china biodiversity hotspot ( cons . intl . ) .

salenski ' s shrew is only known from a single specimen , which was found in northern sichuan province , china . it occurs in a small area of declining habitat .

salenski ' s shrew weighs approximately 5 g ( 0 . 2 oz ) . shrews of the genus soriculus are found mainly in damp areas in forest but may also be found in thickets .

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a uniquely valuable compendium of taxonomic and distributional data on the world ' s living and historically extinct mammalian species . contributors and editors alike deserve the thanks of all

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" wilson and reeder ' s mammal species of the world is the classic reference book on the taxonomic classification and distribution of the more than 5400 species of mammals that exist today . the third edition includes detailed information on nomenclature and , for the first time , common names . each concise entry covers type locality , distribution , synonyms , and major reference sources . the systematic arrangement of information indicates evolutionary relationships at both the ordinal and the family level . this indispensable reference work belongs in public and academic libraries throughout the world and on the shelf of every biologist who works with mammals . " - - publisher ' s website .

disclaimer : itis taxonomy is based on the latest scientific consensus available , and is provided as a general reference source for interested parties . however , it is not a legal authority for statutory or regulatory purposes . while every effort has been made to provide the most reliable and up - to - date information available , ultimate legal requirements with respect to species are contained in provisions of treaties to which the united states is a party , wildlife statutes , regulations , and any applicable notices that have been published in the federal register . for further information on u . s . legal requirements with respect to protected taxa , please contact the u . s . fish and wildlife service .

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the taxonomic status of this species is in question , as hoffmann ( 1985 ) contends that it is conspecific with chodsigoa smithii .

justification : listed as data deficient in view of continuing doubts as to its taxonomic validity and distribution , as well as the absence of information on its population status and ecological requirements .

according to hutterer ( 2005 ) this species is known only by the holotype from northern sichuan , china ( hutterer 2005 ) . smith and xie ( 2008 ) give a distribution in central sichuan and guizhou . due to this confusion , we map it only as occurring at the type locality pending taxonomic resolution .

there are no data on the habitat and ecology of this species ( smith and xie 2008 ) .

this species occurs in wolong nature reserve , but it is not known if it is present in any additional protected areas . further studies are needed into the taxonomy , distribution , abundance , natural history and threats to this species . in china , it has been regionally red listed as endangered a2c ; d2 ( wang and xie 2004 ) .

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i thought you might be interested in this item at urltoken title : mammal species of the world : a taxonomic and geographic reference author : don e wilson ; deeann m reeder publisher : baltimore : johns hopkins university press , ©2005 . isbn / issn : 0801882214 9780801882210 0801882389 9780801882388 0801882397 9780801882395 oclc : 57557352

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according to hutterer ( 2005 ) this species is known only by the holotype from northern sichuan , china ( hutterer 2005 ) . smith and xie ( 2008 ) give a distribution in central sichuan and guizhou . due to this confusion , we here map it only as occuring at the type locality pending taxonomic resolution .

kari pihlaviita added the finnish common name " sichuaninvuoripäästäinen " to " chodsigoa salenskii ( kastschenko , 1907 ) " .

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1 . profile 2 . tidbits 3 . status and trends ( iucn status , countries where currently found , history of distribution , threats and reasons for decline ) 4 . data on biology and ecology ( weight , habitat ) 5 . references

* * * shrews of the genus soriculus are also known as " asiatic shrews . "

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mammal species of the world : a taxonomic and geographic reference , 3rd ed . , vols . 1 & 2

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nothomicrodon aztecarum is a neotropical fly , known only from a larva collected in 1924 from a carton nest of the ant azteca trigona .

it is the only species in the genus nothomicrodon , but shows none of the features of a hoverfly larva , and the genus may instead belong in the phoridae .

nothomicrodon

nothomicrodon <EOT> html public " - / / w3c / / dtd xhtml 1 . 0 transitional / / en " " urltoken "

generic revision and species classification of the microdontinae ( diptera , syrphidae ) . - pubmed - ncbi

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naturalis biodiversity center , european invertebrate survey - the netherlands , p . o . box 9517 , 2300 ra leiden , the netherlands .

cumulative graph of introduced genus - group names of microdontinae per decade ( as percentage of total number of 59 ) .

cumulative graph of introduced species - group names of microdontinae per decade ( as percentage of total number of 514 ) .

3–5 afromicrodon madecassa male ( holotype ) : 3 habitus dorsal 4 head frontal 5 head lateral 6 afromicrodon johannae male ( paratype ) , genitalia lateral 7–9 archimicrodon ( s . s . ) simplicicornis male ( holotype ) : 7 habitus dorsal 8 habitus lateral 9 genitalia lateral 10 archimicrodon ( s . s . ) malukensis male ( holotype ) , habitus dorsal .

11–15 archimicrodon ( s . s ) malukensis : 11 male ( holotype ) , habitus lateral 12 male ( holotype ) , head frontal 13 female ( paratype ) , head frontal 14 male ( holotype , wing 15 male ( paratype ) , genitalia lateral 16–17 archimicrodon ( hovamicrodon ) silvester male ( holotype ) : 16 habitus lateral 17 wing 18–19 archimicrodon ( hovamicrodon ) : 18 archimicrodon nubecula female ( holotype ) , scutellum 19 archimicrodon silvester male ( holotype ) , genitalia lateral .

20–22 archimicrodon ( s . l . ) fenestrellatus male ( holotype ) : 20 habitus dorsal 21 habitus lateral 22 genitalia lateral 23–26 archimicrodon ( s . l . ) , male genitalia lateral : 23 archimicrodon brevicornis ( syntype ) 24 archimicrodon simplex ( south korea , coll . rmnh ) 25 archimicrodon venosus ( holotype microdon papuanus van doesburg , jun . syn . ) 26 archimicrodon cf . fergusoni ( australia , coll . csca ) .

27–29 aristosyrphus primus male : 27 habitus dorsal ( brazil , coll . j . t . smit ) 28 wing ( brazil , coll . j . t . smit ) 29 genitalia lateral ( brazil , coll . semc ) 30–34 aristosyrphus ( eurypterosyrphus ) males : 30 aristosyrphus currani male ( holotype ) , habitus lateral 31 aristosyrphus . spec . ( brazil , coll . zman ) , head lateral 32 aristosyrphus spec . # 1 ( costa rica , coll . zman ) , genitalia ventral 33 aristosyrphus spec . # 2 ( brazil , coll . zman ) , genitalia lateral 34 aristosyrphus spec . # 1 ( costa rica , coll . zman ) , genitalia lateral .

35–37 bardistopus papuanum male ( holotype ) : 35 habitus dorsal 36 habitus lateral 37 genitalia lateral 38–41 carreramyia megacephalus male ( costa rica , coll . m . hauser ) : 38 habitus dorsal 39 head frontal 40 habitus lateral 41 genitalia lateral ( costa rica , coll . rmnh ) 42–43 ceratophya notata male ( holotype ) : 42 habitus dorsal 43 habitus lateral .

44–45 ceratophya : 44 ceratophya panamensis female ( paratype ) , abdomen lateral 45 ceratophya notata male ( holotype ) , genitalia 46–52 ceratrichomyia males ( holotypes ) : 46 ceratophya behara , habitus dorsal 47 ceratophya behara , habitus lateral 48 ceratophya bullabucca , habitus dorsal 49 ceratophya bullabucca , habitus lateral 50 ceratophya bullabucca , head frontal 51 ceratophya angolensis , habitus dorsal 52 ceratophya angolensis , habitus lateral .

53–55 ceratrichomyia angolensis male ( holotype ) : 53 head frontal 54 head lateral 55 wing . 56–58 ceratrichomyia males ( holotypes ) : 56 ceratrichomyia angolensis 57 ceratrichomyia behara 58 ceratrichomyia bullabucca 59–60 ceriomicrodon petiolatus male ( holotype ) : 59 habitus lateral 60 genitalia lateral .

61–62 cervicorniphora alcicornis male ( australia , coll . usnm ) : 61 habitus lateral 62 genitalia lateral 63–65 chrysidimyia chrysidimima male ( holotype ) : 63 habitus dorsal 64 habitus lateral 65 genitalia lateral 66–67 chrysidimyia chrysidimima male ( holotype ) : 66 head frontal 67 head lateral .

68–73 domodon zodiacus male ( holotype ) : 68 habitus dorsal 69 habitus lateral 70 head frontal 71 head lateral 72 wing 73 genitalia lateral 74–75 furcantenna nepalensis male ( holotype ) : 74 habitus dorsal 75 habitus lateral .

76–80 furcantenna nepalensis male ( holotype ) : 76 abdomen dorsal 77 head frontal 78 head lateral 79 wing 80 genitalia lateral 81–82 heliodon doris male ( holotype ) : 81 habitus dorsal 82 habitus lateral 83–84 heliodon doris female ( paratype ) : 83 habitus dorsal 84 habitus lateral .

85–87 heliodon doris male ( holotype ) : 85 head frontal 86 head lateral 87 wing 88–90 heliodon elisabethanna female ( holotype ) : 88 habitus dorsal 89 habitus lateral 90 head frontal 91–92 heliodon tiber male ( holotype ) : 91 habitus dorsal 92 head frontal 93 heliodon tiber female ( paratype ) , habitus dorsal .

94–96 heliodon , male genitalia : 94 heliodon doris ( holotype ) 95 heliodon tiber ( holotype ) 96 heliodon gloriosus ( holotype of microdon aurivesta hull , jun . syn . ) 97–98 hypselosyrphus amazonicus female ( holotype microdon scutellaris shannon ) : 97 habitus dorsal 98 habitus lateral 99–100 hypselosyrphus trigonus male ( holotype ) : 99 head frontal 100 head lateral .

101–102 hypselosyrphus , male genitalia : 101 heliodon amazonicus ( peru , coll . rmnh ) ( cercus missing ) 102 heliodon analis ( holotype ) 103–106 indascia gracilis male ( holotype ) : 103 habitus dorsal 104 habitus lateral 105 wing 106 genitalia 107–108 indascia gigantica male ( holotype ) : 107 habitus dorsal 108 habitus lateral .

109–112 indascia gigantica male ( holotype ) : 109 head frontal 110 head lateral 111 wing 112 genitalia lateral 113–118 indascia spathulata male ( holotype ) : 113 habitus lateral 114 dorsal 115 head frontal 116 head lateral 117 wing 118 genitalia lateral .

119–124 kryptopyga pendulosa male ( holotype ) : 119 habitus dorsal 120 habitus lateral 121 head frontal 122 head lateral 123 abdomen ventral 124 wing 125 kryptopyga pendulosa female ( indonesia , bangka , coll . rmnh ) 126–127 kryptopyga sulawesiana male ( holotype ) : 126 habitus dorsal 127 habitus lateral .

figures 128–129 . kryptopyga sulawesiana male ( holotype ) : 128 head frontal 129 wing 130–131 kryptopyga , male genitalia 130 kryptopyga pendulosa ( holotype ) 131 kryptopyga sulawesiana ( holotype ) 132–134 laetodon violens male ( jamaica , coll . rmnh ) : 132 habitus dorsal 133 habitus lateral 134 head frontal 135 laetodon laetus male ( usa , georgia , coll . rmnh ) , genitalia lateral .

136–138 masarygus planifrons male ( syntype ) : 136 habitus dorsal 137 habitus lateral 138 head frontal 139 masarygus planifrons female ( syntype ) , habitus dorsal 140–143 masarygus palmipalpus male ( holotype ) : 140 habitus dorsal 141 habitus lateral 142 head frontal 143 head lateral 144 antenna .

145–146 masarygus palmipalpus male ( holotype ) : 145 wing 146 genitalia lateral 147–149 masarygus spec . 1 male ( brazil , coll . usnm ) : 147 habitus dorsal 148 habitus lateral 149 head frontal 150 masarygus spec . 2 male ( brazil , coll . usnm ) , habitus lateral 151–153 menidon falcatus male ( costa rica , coll . zman ) : 151 habitus dorsal 152 habitus lateral 153 head frontal .

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to cite this page : myers , p . , r . espinosa , c . s . parr , t . jones , g . s . hammond , and t . a . dewey . 2018 . the animal diversity web ( online ) . accessed at https : / / animaldiversity . org .

disclaimer : the animal diversity web is an educational resource written largely by and for college students . adw doesn ' t cover all species in the world , nor does it include all the latest scientific information about organisms we describe . though we edit our accounts for accuracy , we cannot guarantee all information in those accounts . while adw staff and contributors provide references to books and websites that we believe are reputable , we cannot necessarily endorse the contents of references beyond our control .

this material is based upon work supported by the national science foundation grants drl 0089283 , drl 0628151 , due 0633095 , drl 0918590 , and due 1122742 . additional support has come from the marisla foundation , um college of literature , science , and the arts , museum of zoology , and information and technology services .

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aphonopelma paloma , or the paloma dwarf , is a species of spider belonging to the family theraphosidae .

with a leg span that hovers around 5 cm , it is by far the smallest known theraphosid .

aphonopelma paloma

aphonopelma paloma <EOT> tanya higgins added the english common name " paloma dwarf tarantula " to " aphonopelma paloma prentice , 1993 " .

no one has contributed data records for aphonopelma paloma yet . learn how to contribute .

a new species of north american tarantula , aphonopelma paloma ( araneae , mygalomorphae , theraphosidae ) .

based only on photos i see no resemblens on the " paloma " sp . i ' ve never own aphonopelma paloma but i do know of someone here in my hometown that is selling " paloma " i ' ll see what i can dig up .

[ note caption by redellimom , who said : supposedly aphonopelma paloma but i think she ' s too big . caught in the " paloma plain of arizona " per my dealer . ]

representation of aphonopelma burrows in different habitats across the united states . a–c a typical “scrape” ( burrow under rock ) of aphonopelma hentzi in rocky habitat across their distribution d–e a turreted mound around the burrow of aphonopelma icenoglei ( also aphonopelma atomicum , aphonopelma mojave , and aphonopelma prenticei ) f the distinct crescent mound burrow of aphonopelma paloma g–i typical free - standing burrows of aphonopelma chalcodes , aphonopelma eutylenum , aphonopelma iodius , or aphonopelma johnnycashi in desert , grassland , or rocky habitats .

aphonopelma paloma prentice , 1993 , cleared spermathecae . a aph _ 3189 b aph _ 3190 c aph _ 3194 .

apachepelma smith , 1994 : 45 ( type species by original designation aphonopelma paloma prentice , 1992 ) . first synonymized with aphonopelma by prentice ( 1997 : 147 ) .

a generalized comparison of the largest species in the united states , an adult female aphonopelma anax , and the smallest species in the united states , an adult female aphonopelma paloma .

aphonopelma paloma prentice , 1993 : 189 , f . 1 - 11 ( d m f ) . apachepelma paloma smith , 1995 : 45 , f . 66 - 73 ( t m f from aphonopelma ) . apachepelma paloma schmidt , 1997g : 19 , f . 169 - 171 ( m f ) . apachepelma paloma peters , 2000b : 142 , f . 423 , 425 - 426 ( m f ) . aphonopelma paloma peters , 2003 : 65 , f . 246 , 249 - 250 ( m f ) . apachepelma paloma schmidt , 2003l : 136 , f . 189 - 191 ( m f ) . aphonopelma paloma hamilton , hendrixson & bond , 2016 : 244 , f . 105 - 106 , 107a - i , 108a - e , 109a - i , 110a - c ( m f ) .

aphonopelma paloma prentice , 1993 . a–i cleared spermathecae a paloma allotype b aph _ 0422 c aph _ 1102 d aph _ 1114 e aph _ 1115 f aph _ 1255 g aph _ 3170 h aph _ 3171 i aph _ 3172 .

aphonopelma paloma prentice , 1993 specimens , live photographs . male ( l ) - aph _ 1254 ; female ( r ) - aph _ 3166 .

i believe they narrowed it down to a metriopelma sp that was sold to many individuals as a . paloma . a personal friend and huge paloma fan bought two females from that import , one of which i got from him in a trade . they are beautiful t ' s but definitely not a . paloma .

a . paloma was in the latest aphonopelma revision by hamilton et al . it’s a dwarf species from the western deserts of arizona . like a lot of similar , dwarf aphonopelma it appears to be from arizona sky islands ?

we examined the holotypes and freshly collected topotypic material of aphonopelma jungi and aphonopelma punzoi . our morphological and molecular analyses fail to recognize these two species as separate , independently evolving lineages . as a consequence , we consider aphonopelma jungi and aphonopelma punzoi junior synonyms of aphonopelma vorhiesi .

well , it sure isn ' t a . paloma . . . that species barely hits 2 inches in leg spam .

temperament : the paloma dwarf is a docile tarantula . it has never kicked hair at me nor given a threat pose .

aphonopelma paloma is abundant throughout its distribution but can be difficult to find due to the cryptic nature of their burrows and narrow window of activity during the year . this species is secure .

4 ) then generally , how the heck has the name " a . paloma " got attached to these , and . . .

prentice , t . r . ( 1993 ) . a new species of north american tarantula , aphonopelma paloma ( araneae , mygalomorphae , theraphosidae ) . journal of arachnology 20 : 189 - 199 . - - show included taxa

i really don ' t think the ones photograhed at top by redellimom are " aphonopelma paloma " or anything close . i ' ve seen just a few of the arizona dwarfs alive , but will gladly take advice from those with more local knowledge . i also think " caught in the paloma plain of arizona " is another fantasy / fiction on top of the previous one .

i have a juvenile female a . paloma , looks nothing like that . that picture also doesn ' t look like anything describing that species in the literature .

other important ratios that distinguish males : aphonopelma xwalxwal possess a larger t3 / a3 ( ≥1 . 41 ; 1 . 41–1 . 64 ) than aphonopelma eutylenum ( ≤1 . 35 ; 1 . 30–1 . 35 ) , aphonopelma icenoglei ( ≤1 . 37 ; 1 . 24–1 . 37 ) , aphonopelma joshua ( ≤1 . 37 ; 1 . 19–1 . 37 ) , and aphonopelma paloma ( ≤1 . 31 ; 1 . 21–1 . 31 ) ; by possessing a larger l4 scopulation extent ( 34 % –48 % ) than aphonopelma paloma ( 5 % –24 % ) and smaller than aphonopelma eutylenum ( 62 % –77 % ) . certain morphometrics have potential to be useful , though due to the amounts of variation , small number of specimens , and the small differences between species , no other are claimed to be significant at this time ( see suppl . material 2 ) . during evaluation of pca morphospace , males of aphonopelma xwalxwal separate from aphonopelma eutylenum and all other miniature species along pc1 ~ 2 , except for aphonopelma joshua . interestingly , aphonopelma xwalxwal males also separate from aphonopelma eutylenum and all other miniature species , except for aphonopelma joshua , in three - dimensional pca morphospace ( pc1 ~ pc2 ~ pc3 ) . pc1 , pc2 , and pc3 explain ≥97 % of the variation in all analyses .

aphonopelma paloma prentice , 1993 . a distribution of known specimens b predicted distribution ; warmer colors ( red , orange , yellow ) represent areas of high probability of occurrence , cooler colors ( blue shades ) represent areas of low probability of occurrence .

this being an aphonopelma species , you can expect it to be long lived .

compressed file ( . zip ) containing two separate locality datasets of aphonopelma specimens .

and here ' s the origins of the name paloma , from the description paper : " etymology . —the specific epithet is from the spanish word paloma ( dove ) which was used in the plural to describe a vast plain in the south - western desert of arizona - palomas plain - where there is an abundance of these tiny tarantulas . "

there were originally 8 of these . the ' caught in the paloma plain of arizona ' made me a bit more suspicious as i am pretty sure there is no such place .

aphonopelma xwalxwal sp . n . live photograph . male paratype - aph _ 3133 .

explanation note : all boxplots and pca morphospace files used in aphonopelma species boundary determination .

compressed file ( . zip ) containing simple r scripts for analyzing aphonopelma morphological space .

aphonopelma angusi smith , 1995 : 72 . previously synonymized by prentice , 1997 : 162 .

aphonopelma melanium smith , 1995 : 120 . previously synonymized by prentice , 1997 : 162 .

aphonopelma nevadanum smith , 1995 : 125 . previously synonymized by prentice , 1997 : 162 .

aphonopelma simulatum smith , 1995 : 144 . previously synonymized by prentice , 1997 : 147 .

aphonopelma superstitionense hamilton , hendrixson & bond , 2016 , sp . n . - plazi treatmentbank

significant measurements that distinguish male aphonopelma johnnycashi from its closely related phylogenetic and syntopic species are t3 and the extent of scopulation on metatarsus iv . male aphonopelma johnnycashi can be distinguished by possessing a larger t1 / t3 ( ≥1 . 25 ; 1 . 25–1 . 31 ) than aphonopelma eutylenum ( ≤1 . 23 ; 1 . 16–1 . 23 ) ; by possessing a larger a1 / t3 ( ≥0 . 81 ; 0 . 81–0 . 91 ) than aphonopelma chalcodes ( ≤0 . 79 ; 0 . 67–0 . 79 ) ; and by possessing a larger l4 scopulation extent ( 70 % - 76 % ) than aphonopelma steindachneri ( 21 % - 31 % ) . there are no significant measurements that separate male aphonopelma johnnycashi from aphonopelma iodius . the most significant measurement that distinguishes female aphonopelma johnnycashi from aphonopelma steindachneri is extent of scopulation on metatarsus iv . there are no significant measurements that separate female aphonopelma johnnycashi from the other members of the iodius species group . female aphonopelma johnnycashi can be distinguished by possessing a larger l4 scopulation extent ( 67 % - 82 % ) than aphonopelma steindachneri ( 24 % - 34 % ) .

so ' palomas plain ' seems to exist , but having a trader saying ' caught in the paloma plain of arizona ' doesnt mean it was , it just means they or someone before them are aware that real a . paloma doe come from plains of arizona . . . . which i think makes what seems to be a lie at the outset even worse if you ask me . . .

[ note , i ' m not opposed to some real a . paloma ( or other similar arizona dwarfs thereabouts ) having gotten into the hobby before 2015 , e . g . there ' s a youtube video from feb2014 by ' marktwaintarantula ' of one that looks possible , labeled as a . paloma " reddwarf munchkin ' . there ' s also a few seemingly plausible ones in photos from older collections ]

aphonopelma catalina sp . n . cleared spermathecae . a aph _ 1602 b aums _ 2615 .

aphonopelma chalcodes is the most widespread and abundant tarantula species in arizona . the species is secure .

i ' m the first person on a youtube to introduce you to the aphonopelma paloma sp . this dwarf munchkin ( chloe ) is a great add to my collection as well as my euathlus sp . yellow ( lucy and rickie ) and a quick up date on egypt my theraphosa apophysis / pink foot bird eater enjoy

aphonopelma paloma prentice , 1993 . a–e female specimen , aph _ 1255 a dorsal view of carapace , scale bar = 2mm b prolateral view of coxa i c ventral view of metatarsus iii , scale bar = 1mm d ventral view of metatarsus iv , scale bar = 1mm e prolateral view of l pedipalp and palpal tibia .

so whatever became of this little misnomered spider ? how big did it grow ? were any of the others floating around out there ever located ? and did anyone else grow suspicious of their " a . paloma " specimins ?

here ' s an example of an image i ' d count of an individual i ' d hope is reliable for a real a . paloma , and so useful to compare against . the one in the link below photographed by chris hamilton , who was working as part of the major us revision of various north american aphonopelma .

aphonopelma armada is very common throughout its distribution in south and west texas . the species is likely secure .

3 ) anyone who has one of these , i really want to see the spermatheca shape please ! [ i think it ' s fused , and totally unlike in the real a . paloma , nor actually any from usa ]

5 aphonopelma joshua and aphonopelma icenoglei are syntopic at various locations in and around joshua tree national park . females of aphonopelma joshua generally can be diagnosed by possessing tarsi iv divided by setae ( prentice 1997 ) but this characteristic can be difficult to assess . molecular data should be used to confirm the identity of specimens from this area .

aphonopelma iodius is one of the most widespread and abundant species in the united states . the species is secure .

aphonopelma vorhiesi is very common throughout its distribution in southeastern arizona and southern new mexico . the species is secure .

comments on the proposed precedence of aphonopelma pocock , 1901 ( arachnida , araneae ) over rhechostica simon , 1892 .

stuart , there were two specimens that a pet store was selling . unfortunately both got sold however this specimens under the name " paloma " were purchase from florida as wild caught . that ' s all the information i was able to get .

species delimitation and phylogeography of aphonopelma hentzi ( araneae , mygalomorphae , theraphosidae ) : cryptic diversity in north american tarantulas .

aphonopelma paloma prentice , 1993 : 189 ; male holotype and female allotype from 3 miles ne exit 151 off i - 8 ( jct with hwy 84 ) , pinal co . , arizona , 32 . 856167 - 112 . 086609 2 , elev . 4310ft . , 17 - 18 . xi . 1989 , coll . tom prentice ; deposited in amnh . [ examined ]

no , there is no paloma plain of arizona in modern usage , or even in territorial usage . that is a spanish - language only reference for all practical purposes . and i agree , it does sound like a fraudulent situation from the get - go .

aphonopelma atomicum sp . n . a–c cleared spermathecae a aph _ 2727 b aph _ 3267 c aph _ 3267 - 2 .

aphonopelma icenoglei is not morphologically distinct from aphonopelma mojave but is genetically unique and should be considered important . the species is moderately common but may experience threats to some populations due to human encroachment and development in portions of the mojave desert closest to los angeles .

an exploration of species boundaries in turret - building tarantulas of the mojave desert ( araneae , mygalomorphae , theraphosidae , aphonopelma ) .

aphonopelma atomicum has a highly restricted distribution limited to the mountains and foothills surrounding the amargosa desert and death valley . while this species is not dramatically different from aphonopelma prenticei , it is genetically unique and should be considered important . the species is most likely secure .

aphonopelma iodius ( chamberlin & ivie , 1939 ) . a–c cleared spermathecae a aums _ 2386 b aums _ 3310 c angusi allotype .

miocene extensional tectonics explain ancient patterns of diversification among turret - building tarantulas ( aphonopelma mojave group ) in the mojave and sonoran deserts .

arañas terafósidas de costa rica ( araneae : theraphosidae ) . iii . sphaerobothria , aphonopelma , pterinopelma , citharacanthus , crypsidromus y stichoplastus .

the species aphonopelma cratium chamberlin , 1940 is based on a male holotype and female allotype ( both amnh – examined ) from an uncertain location in california ( “california ? ” in the locality information on the label ) . these specimens are morphologically similar to other valid species in the state ( e . g . , aphonopelma iodius ( chamberlin & ivie , 1939 ) and aphonopelma eutylenum chamberlin , 1940 ) , but because molecular data and / or accurate locality information are needed to distinguish these species , we consider aphonopelma cratium a nomen dubium .

aphonopelma atomicum sp . n . live photograph . female - aph _ 1478 . do not have a photograph of a live male specimen .

aphonopelma chalcodes chamberlin , 1940 . a–d cleared spermathecae a aph _ 0168 b aph _ 0500 c aums _ 2339 d aums _ 2692 .

aphonopelma icenoglei sp . n . live photograph . female - aph _ 3146 . do not have a photograph of a live male specimen .

aphonopelma chiricahua sp . n . live photograph . male holotype - aph _ 3191 . do not have a photograph of a live female specimen .

aphonopelma johnnycashi sp . n . live photographs . female ( l ) - aph _ 3073 ; male ( r ) - aph _ 3063 .

aphonopelma parvum sp . n . live photographs . male ( l ) - aph _ 3181 ; female ( r ) - aph _ 3185 .

aphonopelma peloncillo sp . n . live photographs . male ( l ) - aph _ 1300 ; female ( r ) - aph _ 1296 .

aphonopelma prenticei sp . n . live photographs . female ( l ) - aph _ 3202 ; male ( r ) - aph _ 1569 .

for those unfamiliar with aphonopelma paloma , it ' s a usa species . it ' s a dwarf species , with a recent clear and comprehensive description ( prentice 1992 ) written in english , and in an american based scientific journal that ' s easily accessible . the description clearly lists several collection locations in southern arizona , specifically around phoenix and tucson . this should be easy for both collectors and traders to read that comprehensive description and match their stock to it .

what i ' m saying is that during 2015 , there has been a fresh supply of nicaraguan tarantulas coming into both us and europe ( many of you will have seen a . seemanni and b . albopilosum nicaragua on various price lists ) , but i ' m suspecting these " a . paloma " are really coming from nicaraguan exports too , perhaps initially mixed in a juvenile a . seemanni , and exported under that name on their stock list . if that ' s the case , who the heck has slapped on the name ' a . paloma ' to these , and if so , it ' s a downright barefaced lie .

aphonopelma chalcodes chamberlin , 1940 specimens , live photographs . female ( l ) - aph _ 0697 ; male ( r ) - aph _ 0600 .

aphonopelma eutylenum chamberlin , 1940 specimens , live photographs . male ( l ) - aph _ 3207 ; female ( r ) - aph _ 3108 .

mitochondrial dna ( co1 ) is problematic in the iodius species group . while this locus identifies aphonopelma eutylenum as a monophyletic group , sister relationships are unclear . nuclear dna reveals the true evolutionary history of the aphonopelma eutylenum lineage and highlights the ineffectiveness of co1 for accurately delimiting species boundaries within this group .

aphonopelma gabeli smith , 1995 specimens , live photographs . female ( l ) - aph _ 1481 ; male ( r ) - aph _ 0628 .

aphonopelma joshua prentice , 1997 specimens , live photographs . female ( l ) - aph _ 1475 ; male ( r ) - aph _ 1476 .

aphonopelma madera sp . n . live photographs . female paratype ( l ) - aph _ 1393 ; male ( r ) - aph _ 1434 .

aphonopelma mareki sp . n . live photographs . female ( l ) - aph _ 1617 ; male holotype ( r ) - aph _ 1615 .

aphonopelma mojave prentice , 1997 specimens , live photographs . female ( l ) - aph _ 3101 ; male ( r ) - aph _ 3102 .

aphonopelma superstitionense sp . n . live photographs . female paratype ( l ) - aph _ 0504 ; male ( r ) - aph _ 1607 .

aphonopelma saguaro sp . n . live photographs . female paratype ( l ) - aph _ 3176 ; male holotype ( r ) - aph _ 3220 .

aphonopelma anax ( chamberlin , 1940 ) specimens , live photographs . female ( l ) - aph _ 0524 ; male ( r ) - aph _ 3122 .

aphonopelma armada ( chamberlin , 1940 ) specimens , live photographs . male ( l ) - aph _ 1064 ; female ( r ) - aph _ 3214 .

aphonopelma catalina sp . n . specimens , live photographs . female paratype ( l ) - aph _ 1602 ; male ( r ) - aph _ 1438 .

aphonopelma hentzi ( girard , 1854 ) specimens , live photographs . female ( l ) - aph _ 0576 ; male ( r ) - aph _ 3216 .

aphonopelma icenoglei sp . n . a–e cleared spermathecae a aph _ 0761 b aph _ 0885 c aph _ 1562 d aph _ 2393 e aph _ 3118 .

aphonopelma madera sp . n . a–e cleared spermathecae a aph _ 1393 b aph _ 0136 c aph _ 0881 d aph _ 1571 e aph _ 1624 .

aphonopelma mareki sp . n . a–e cleared spermathecae a aph _ 1590 b aph _ 0297 c aph _ 0941 d aph _ 1589 e aph _ 1617 .

aphonopelma marxi ( simon , 1891 ) specimens , live photographs . male ( l ) - aph _ 0769 ; female ( r ) - aph _ 1418 .

aphonopelma parvum sp . n . a–e cleared spermathecae a aph _ 1104 b aph _ 1109 c aph _ 1599 d aph _ 1600 e aph _ 1622 .

aphonopelma peloncillo sp . n . a–e cleared spermathecae a aph _ 1296 b aph _ 0681 c aph _ 0683 d aph _ 1181 e aph _ 1297 .

aphonopelma prenticei sp . n . a–e cleared spermathecae a aph _ 0319 b aph _ 0786 b aums _ 2554 d aums _ 3270 e aums _ 3279 .

aphonopelma steindachneri ( ausserer , 1875 ) , live photographs . female ( l ) - aph _ 3105 ; male neotype ( r ) - aph _ 1023 .

as i explain on a different thread aphonopelma sp . " new river " is also being sold as aphonopelma chalcodes so this does not surprise me one bit and it will only hurt the hobby even further by dealers or any one selling the wrong species . this has been going on for at least the last 3 years .

rhechostica simon , 1892 : 162 ( type species by original designation homoeomma texense simon , 1891 ) . suppressed as a senior synonym of aphonopelma by iczn opinion 1637 .

aphonopelma phasmus chamberlin , 1940 distribution of known specimens . there is no predicted distribution map due to the limited number of sampling localities and restricted distribution this species possesses .

aphonopelma vorhiesi ( chamberlin & ivie , 1939 ) , live photographs . female ( l ) - aph _ 3188 ; male ( r ) - aph _ 1520 .

and as now seems quite a few of the same came into europe also sold as a . paloma ( i ' ve seen some in mainland and some in uk in last months ) , the problem seems to lie with the exporter or first importer - depending on whether european stuff infact came from us ( which seems to be the case ) . .

aphonopelma anax ( chamberlin , 1940 ) . a–e cleared spermathecae a aph _ 0871 b aph _ 0899 c aph _ 0902 d aph _ 1278 e aph _ 1280 .

aphonopelma atomicum sp . n . distribution of known specimens . there is no predicted distribution map due to the limited number of sampling localities and restricted distribution this species possesses .

aphonopelma catalina sp . n . distribution of known specimens . there is no predicted distribution map due to the limited number of sampling localities and restricted distribution this species possesses .

aphonopelma chiricahua sp . n . distribution of known specimens . there is no predicted distribution map due to the limited number of sampling localities and restricted distribution this species possesses .

aphonopelma iodius ( chamberlin & ivie , 1939 ) specimens , live photographs . female ( l ) - aph _ 3201 ; male ( r ) - aph _ 3202 .

aphonopelma madera sp . n . distribution of known specimens . there is no predicted distribution map due to the limited number of sampling localities and restricted distribution this species possesses .

aphonopelma marxi ( simon , 1891 ) . a–e cleared spermathecae a aph _ 0452 b aph _ 1540 c aph _ 1541 d aph _ 2249 e aph _ 2266 .

aphonopelma moderatum ( chamberlin & ivie , 1939 ) specimens , live photographs . female ( l ) - aph _ 0532 ; male ( r ) - aph _ 0890 .

aphonopelma moellendorfi sp . n . distribution of known specimens . there is no predicted distribution map due to the limited number of sampling localities and restricted distribution this species possesses .

aphonopelma saguaro sp . n . distribution of known specimens . there is no predicted distribution map due to the limited number of sampling localities and restricted distribution this species possesses .

aphonopelma superstitionense sp . n . distribution of known specimens . there is no predicted distribution map due to the limited number of sampling localities and restricted distribution this species possesses .

aphonopelma xwalxwal sp . n . distribution of known specimens . there is no predicted distribution map due to the limited number of sampling localities and restricted distribution this species possesses .

aphonopelma pocock , 1901 : 553 ( type species by original designation eurypelma seemanni pickard - cambridge , 1897 ) . first synonymized with rhechostica by raven ( 1985 : 149 ) .

aphonopelma joshua prentice , 1997 . a–f cleared spermathecae a joshua allotype b aph _ 2307 c aph _ 1007 d aph _ 2306 e aph _ 2285 f aph _ 2289 .

aphonopelma mojave prentice , 1997 . a–f cleared spermathecae a mojave allotype b aph _ 1355 c aph _ 1558 d aph _ 3101 e aums _ 2364 f aums _ 2512 .

i also know that there are imports coming in the us from nicaragua , i have been offer to purchase some stock from nicaragua that includes the brachypelma albopilosum and the aphonopelma seemani .

aphonopelma chalcodes chamberlin , 1940 . a–f cleared spermathecae . a chalcodes allotype b aph _ 0608 c aph _ 0887 d aph _ 1485 e aums _ 2605 f aums _ 3282 .

aphonopelma johnnycashi sp . n . a–f cleared spermathecae a aph _ 2006 b aph _ 3064 c aph _ 3073 d aph _ 3080 e aph _ 3090 f aph _ 3094 .

aphonopelma paloma prentice , 1993 . a–i male specimen , aph _ 1603 a dorsal view of carapace , scale bar = 2mm b prolateral view of coxa i c dorsal view of femur iii d ventral view of metatarsus iii , scale bar = 1 . 5mm e ventral view of metatarsus iv , scale bar = 2mm f prolateral view of l pedipalp and palpal tibia , scale bar = 2mm g dorsal view of palpal bulb h retrolateral view of palpal bulb , scale bar = 0 . 5mm i prolateral view of tibia i ( mating clasper ) , scale bar = 1 . 5mm .

aphonopelma hentzi ( girard , 1854 ) . a–f cleared spermathecae a aph _ 0868 b aph _ 0927 c aph _ 0934 d aph _ 1063 e aph _ 1353 f harlingenum holotype .

despite its narrow distribution , aphonopelma joshua is largely protected by joshua tree national park . recreational activities may pose some concern but this species is common throughout the park and is likely secure .

i don ' t think the guy i got mousse from was intentionally selling them under a false name . he has a lot of t ' s but i wouldn ' t be surprised if a mislabeled one ( or eight . . ) got past him . i don ' t think he ' s the one slapping on " a . paloma , " but whoever he got them from perhaps did . .

aphonopelma gabeli smith , 1995 . a–f cleared spermathecae a aph _ 0044 b aph _ 0642 c aph _ 0680 d aph _ 0946 e aph _ 1338 f jung’s “ portal ” paratype .

aphonopelma mareki is very common throughout its distribution but can be difficult to find due to the cryptic nature of its burrows and small window of activity during the year . the species is secure .

the specific epithet is a patronym in recognition of arachnologist thomas r . prentice for his work on the genus aphonopelma . prentice’s ( 1993 , 1997 ) studies inspired our interest in the genus and greatly influenced the way we approached this revision . this project benefited tremendously from his help collecting specimens , donating his personal collection to the aumnh , and sharing his encyclopedic knowledge of north american aphonopelma .

aphonopelma parvum is very common throughout their distribution but can be difficult to find due to the cryptic nature of their burrows and narrow window of activity during the year . this species is likely secure .

an evaluation of sampling effects on multiple dna barcoding methods leads to an integrative approach for delimiting species : a case study of the north american tarantula genus aphonopelma ( araneae , mygalomorphae , theraphosidae ) .

explanation note : locality data for all aphonopelma specimens examined over the course of this study and listed in the material examined section that accompanies each species , as well as locality data with darwin core headers .

explanation note : figures ( like those provided in the species descriptions ) of additional specimens ( for species where additional photographs were available ) , to provide visual reference of the variation possible within aphonopelma species .

aphonopelma armada ( chamberlin , 1940 ) . a–g cleared spermathecae a armada holotype b aph _ 0547 c aph _ 0548 d aph _ 0807 e aph _ 0848 f aph _ 1049 g aph _ 1068 .

aphonopelma steindachneri ( ausserer , 1875 ) . a–g cleared spermathecae a reversum allotype b aph _ 1022 c aph _ 1030 d aph _ 1034 e aph _ 3104 f aph _ 3105 g aph _ 3098 .

aphonopelma eutylenum chamberlin , 1940 . a–h cleared spermathecae . a eutylenum allotype b eutylenum paratype c aph _ 1018 d aph _ 1031 e aph _ 1045 f aph _ 2035 g aums _ 3303 h cryptethum allotype .

aphonopelma anax ( chamberlin , 1940 ) . a–h cleared spermathecae a anax allotype b breenei holotype c harlingenum paratype d aph _ 0056 e aph _ 0529 f aph _ 0857 g aph _ 0858 h aph _ 0859 .

aphonopelma prenticei is the most abundant and widespread turret - building tarantula species in the united states and has recently expanded its range into the more northern portions of its distribution ( graham et al . 2015 ) . the species does exhibit high levels of phylogeographic structuring ( hendrixson et al . 2013 , graham et al . 2015 ) and should be evaluated for the presence of evolutionary significant units , but the conservation status of aphonopelma prenticei is doubtlessly secure .

aphonopelma chalcodes chamberlin , 1940 . a distribution of known specimens b predicted distribution ; warmer colors ( red , orange , yellow ) represent areas of high probability of occurrence , cooler colors ( blue shades ) represent areas of low probability of occurrence .

aphonopelma eutylenum chamberlin , 1940 . a distribution of known specimens b predicted distribution ; warmer colors ( red , orange , yellow ) represent areas of high probability of occurrence , cooler colors ( blue shades ) represent areas of low probability of occurrence .

aphonopelma eutylenum is widely distributed across southern california and is very common . the species is likely secure although some localized populations in urbanized areas ( e . g . , los angeles and san diego ) are likely threatened by human encroachment and development .

aphonopelma gabeli smith , 1995 . a distribution of known specimens b predicted distribution ; warmer colors ( red , orange , yellow ) represent areas of high probability of occurrence , cooler colors ( blue shades ) represent areas of low probability of occurrence .

aphonopelma icenoglei sp . n . a distribution of known specimens b predicted distribution ; warmer colors ( red , orange , yellow ) represent areas of high probability of occurrence , cooler colors ( blue shades ) represent areas of low probability of occurrence .

aphonopelma iodius ( chamberlin & ivie , 1939 ) . a–h cleared spermathecae a aph _ 0313 b aph _ 0985 c aph _ 0996 d aph _ 0997 e aph _ 1004 f aph _ 1006 g aph _ 1082 h aph _ 1083 .

aphonopelma iodius ( chamberlin & ivie , 1939 ) . a–h cleared spermathecae a aph _ 1091 b aph _ 1094 c aph _ 1220 d aph _ 2010 e aph _ 2016 f aph _ 2018 g aph _ 2030 h aph _ 3201 .

aphonopelma johnnycashi sp . n . a distribution of known specimens b predicted distribution ; warmer colors ( red , orange , yellow ) represent areas of high probability of occurrence , cooler colors ( blue shades ) represent areas of low probability of occurrence .

aphonopelma joshua prentice , 1997 . a distribution of known specimens b predicted distribution ; warmer colors ( red , orange , yellow ) represent areas of high probability of occurrence , cooler colors ( blue shades ) represent areas of low probability of occurrence .

aphonopelma mareki sp . n . a distribution of known specimens b predicted distribution ; warmer colors ( red , orange , yellow ) represent areas of high probability of occurrence , cooler colors ( blue shades ) represent areas of low probability of occurrence .

aphonopelma mojave prentice , 1997 . a distribution of known specimens b predicted distribution ; warmer colors ( red , orange , yellow ) represent areas of high probability of occurrence , cooler colors ( blue shades ) represent areas of low probability of occurrence .

aphonopelma parvum sp . n . a distribution of known specimens b predicted distribution ; warmer colors ( red , orange , yellow ) represent areas of high probability of occurrence , cooler colors ( blue shades ) represent areas of low probability of occurrence .

aphonopelma peloncillo sp . n . a distribution of known specimens b predicted distribution ; warmer colors ( red , orange , yellow ) represent areas of high probability of occurrence , cooler colors ( blue shades ) represent areas of low probability of occurrence .

aphonopelma prenticei sp . n . a distribution of known specimens b predicted distribution ; warmer colors ( red , orange , yellow ) represent areas of high probability of occurrence , cooler colors ( blue shades ) represent areas of low probability of occurrence .

aphonopelma steindachneri is widely distributed across southern california and is very common . the species is likely secure although some localized populations in urbanized areas ( e . g . , los angeles and san diego ) are likely threatened by human encroachment and development .

gosipelma chamberlin , 1940 : 4 ( type species by original designation gosipelma angusi chamberlin , 1940 ) . originally described as a subgenus of aphonopelma , but never elevated to full generic status . first synonymized with rhechostica by raven ( 1985 : 153 ) .

3 mature females of these two species can be morphologically indistinguishable when they co - occur in southeastern cochise county . aphonopelma vorhiesi is likely the correct determination if the specimen originates from graham , pima , pinal , santa cruz , or western cochise counties .

aphonopelma anax ( chamberlin , 1940 ) . a distribution of known specimens b predicted distribution ; warmer colors ( red , orange , yellow ) represent areas of high probability of occurrence , cooler colors ( blue shades ) represent areas of low probability of occurrence .

aphonopelma armada ( chamberlin , 1940 ) . a distribution of known specimens b predicted distribution ; warmer colors ( red , orange , yellow ) represent areas of high probability of occurrence , cooler colors ( blue shades ) represent areas of low probability of occurrence .

aphonopelma hentzi ( girard , 1854 ) . a–i cleared spermathecae a aph _ 0052 b aph _ 0571 c aph _ 0743 d aph _ 0812 e aph _ 0813 f aph _ 0833 g aph _ 0838 h aph _ 0862 i aph _ 0867 .

aphonopelma marxi ( simon , 1891 ) . a distribution of known specimens b predicted distribution ; warmer colors ( red , orange , yellow ) represent areas of high probability of occurrence , cooler colors ( blue shades ) represent areas of low probability of occurrence .

aphonopelma steindachneri ( ausserer , 1875 ) . a distribution of known specimens b predicted distribution ; warmer colors ( red , orange , yellow ) represent areas of high probability of occurrence , cooler colors ( blue shades ) represent areas of low probability of occurrence .

aphonopelma phanus chamberlin , 1940 : 24 ; male holotype from laguna beach , orange co . , california , 33 . 542248 - 117 . 783110 5 ; elev . 18ft . , vii . 1931 , coll . unknown ; deposited in amnh . [ examined ]

hamilton ca , hendrixson be , bond je ( 2016 ) taxonomic revision of the tarantula genus aphonopelma pocock , 1901 ( araneae , mygalomorphae , theraphosidae ) within the united states . zookeys 560 : 1–340 . doi : 10 . 3897 / zookeys . 560 . 6264

aphonopelma iodius ( chamberlin & ivie , 1939 ) . a distribution of known specimens b predicted distribution ; warmer colors ( red , orange , yellow ) represent areas of high probability of occurrence , cooler colors ( blue shades ) represent areas of low probability of occurrence .

aphonopelma moderatum ( chamberlin & ivie , 1939 ) . a–i cleared spermathecae a aph _ 0057 b aph _ 0532 c aph _ 0877 d aph _ 0891 e aph _ 0892 f aph _ 0894 g aph _ 1123 h aph _ 1136 i aph _ 1283 .

aphonopelma moderatum ( chamberlin & ivie , 1939 ) . a distribution of known specimens b predicted distribution ; warmer colors ( red , orange , yellow ) represent areas of high probability of occurrence , cooler colors ( blue shades ) represent areas of low probability of occurrence .

aphonopelma vorhiesi ( chamberlin & ivie , 1939 ) . a distribution of known specimens b predicted distribution ; warmer colors ( red , orange , yellow ) represent areas of high probability of occurrence , cooler colors ( blue shades ) represent areas of low probability of occurrence .

aphonopelma breenei smith , 1995 : 78 ; female holotype from harlingen , cameron co . , texas , 26 . 190631 - 97 . 696103 5 , elev . 40ft . , 1939 , coll . bryce brown ; deposited in amnh . [ examined ] syn . n .

aphonopelma gabeli smith , 1995 : 100 ; male holotype from e of tucson , pima co . , arizona , 31 . 956396 - 110 . 339817 7 , elev . 4055ft . , no collecting date , coll . russ gurley ; deposited in bmnh . [ examined ]

taxonomic and nomenclatural problems concerning the historical north and central american theraphosid genera aphonopelma pocock 1901 , dugesiella pocock 1901 , rhechostica simon 1892 , delopelma petrunkevitch 1939 , chaunopelma chamberlin 1940 , clavopelma chamberlin 1940 , gosipelma chamberlin 1940 and their likely placement in future north american systematic studies .

aphonopelma nevadanum chamberlin , 1940 : 12 ; male holotype from searchlight , clark co . , nevada , 35 . 465269 - 114 . 919701 5 , elev . 3590ft . , 2 . xii . 1930 , coll . geo . carter ; deposited in amnh . [ examined ]

aphonopelma superstitionense appears to have a limited distribution restricted to the foothills and area in or around the superstition mountains . these diminutive tarantulas are probably common but can be incredibly difficult to find due to the cryptic nature of their burrows and narrow window of activity during the year . the phoenix metropolitan area is experiencing rapid growth and recreational activities in the superstition mountains threaten suitable habitat for this species . the status of aphonopelma superstitionense seems secure ( e . g . , it is probably common in remote sections of the superstition wilderness area ) but should be monitored .

aphonopelma clarki smith , 1995 : 87 ; female holotype from dallas , dallas co . , texas , 32 . 780141 - 96 . 800451 7 , elev . 421ft . , 1968 , coll . h . j . berman ; deposited in bmnh . [ examined ] syn . n .

hamilton , chris a . , hendrixson , brent e . & bond , jason e . , 2016 , taxonomic revision of the tarantula genus aphonopelma pocock , 1901 ( araneae , mygalomorphae , theraphosidae ) within the united states , zookeys 560 , pp . 1 - 340 : 242 - 244

aphonopelma clarum chamberlin , 1940 : 10 ; male holotype from mountains near claremont , los angeles co . , california , 34 . 137812 - 117 . 718194 4 , elev . 1571ft . , no collecting date , coll . r . v . chamberlin ; deposited in amnh . [ examined ]

aphonopelma reversum chamberlin , 1940 : 8 ; male holotype , male paratype , three female paratypes from san diego , san diego co . , california , 32 . 715738 - 117 . 161085 6 , elev . 54ft . , 1935 , coll . unknown ; deposited in amnh . [ examined ]

aphonopelma hentzi smith , 1995 : 107 ; neotype male and female exemplar from garfield co . , oklahoma , 36 . 436139 - 97 . 872160 7 , elev . 1264ft . , summer 1975 , coll . r . l . lardie ; deposited in oklahoma state university collection . [ not examined ]

aphonopelma lithodomum chamberlin , 1940 : 14 ; male holotype from house rock , coconino co . , arizona , 36 . 703978 - 111 . 947171 5 , elev . 5168ft . , 9 . ix . 1939 , coll . d . and s . mulaik ; deposited in amnh . [ examined ]

aphonopelma vorhiesi ( chamberlin & ivie , 1939 ) . a–h cleared spermathecae a aph _ 0639 b aph _ 0640 c aph _ 0674 d aph _ 0886 e aph _ 1488 f aph _ 1506 g jung’s “ cochise ” female paratype h aph _ 2137 , a jung “ cochise ” specimen .

aphonopelma sullivani smith , 1995 : 149 ; male holotype from coachella valley , palm springs , riverside co . , california , 33 . 767209 - 116 . 359868 6 , elev . 277ft . , ix . 1991 , coll . michael sullivan ; deposited in bmnh . [ examined ] syn . n .

aphonopelma iviei smith , 1995 : 115 ; male holotype from death valley , inyo co . , california , 36 . 735992 - 116 . 970188 6 , elev . 2761ft . , 30 . ix . 1883 , coll . chalmers - hunt ; deposited in bmnh . [ examined ] syn . n .

aphonopelma chamberlini smith , 1995 : 86 ; female holotype from camp roberts , outside of paso robles , co . , california , 35 . 790969 - 120 . 743364 5 , elev . 642ft . , no collecting date , coll . rupert hazen ; deposited in bmnh . [ examined ] syn . n .

aphonopelma heterops chamberlin , 1940 : 29 ; female syntypes from edinburg , hidalgo , co . , texas , 26 . 30173 - 98 . 16335 5 , elev . 96ft . , ix - xii . 1933 , coll . s . mulaik ; deposited in the amnh . [ examined ] syn . n .

the specific epithet is a patronym in recognition of dave moellendorf , a friend and mentor to cah . moellendorf introduced cah to the tarantula fauna of texas and encouraged and fostered cah’s early research on the genus aphonopelma . moellendorf has also spent countless hours educating the public on the importance of spiders on our planet .

aphonopelma ( delopelma ) phasmus chamberlin , 1940 : 28 ; male holotype from phantom ranch , grand canyon , coconino co . , arizona , 36 . 105315 - 112 . 095201 , elev . 2536ft . , 26 . vii . 1934 , coll . dr . lutz ; deposited in amnh . [ examined ]

aphonopelma vogeli smith , 1995 : 154 ; male holotype from aztec , san juan co . , new mexico , 36 . 822226 - 107 . 992846 6 , elev . 5657ft . , 20 . x . 1982 , coll . w . a . drew ; deposited in oklahoma state university collection [ presumed lost ]

aphonopelma stahnkei smith 1995 : 146 ; male holotype and male paratype from tempe , maricopa co . , arizona , 33 . 425510 - 111 . 940005 6 , elev . 1176ft . , no collecting date , coll . dr . h . l . stahnke ; deposited in bmnh . [ examined ] syn . n .

aphonopelma gurleyi smith , 1995 : 104 ; male holotype from interstate 35 , near moss lake , sherman , grayson co . , texas , 33 . 781417 - 97 . 221633 5 , elev . 796ft . , no collection date , coll . russ gurley ; deposited in bmnh . [ examined ] syn . n .

2 mature males of these two species are morphologically indistinguishable and cannot be identified using morphological criteria when they co - occur in southeastern cochise county , but can be differentiated using molecular data . aphonopelma vorhiesi is likely the correct determination if the specimen originates from graham , pima , pinal , santa cruz , or western cochise counties .

aphonopelma catalina sp . n . a–e female paratype , aph _ 1602 a dorsal view of carapace , scale bar = 6mm b prolateral view of coxa i c ventral view of metatarsus iii , scale bar = 3mm d ventral view of metatarsus iv , scale bar = 3mm e prolateral view of l pedipalp and palpal tibia .

aphonopelma chambersi smith , 1995 : 86 ; male holotype from garner valley , s of idyllwild - pine cove , riverside co . , california , 33 . 635459 - 116 . 643974 5 , elev . 4475ft . , no collecting date , coll . aaron chambers ; deposited in bmnh . [ examined ] syn . n .

aphonopelma sandersoni smith , 1995 : 138 ; male holotype and female allotype from san bernardino mountains . , san bernardino co . , california , 34 . 180742 - 117 . 164638 7 , elev . 3137ft . , x . 1995 , coll . r . douglas ; deposited in bmnh . [ examined ] syn . n .

aphonopelma gabeli smith , 1995 . a–e female specimen , aph _ 0680 a dorsal view of carapace , scale bar = 7mm b prolateral view of coxa i c ventral view of metatarsus iii , scale bar = 4mm d ventral view of metatarsus iv , scale bar = 4mm e prolateral view of l pedipalp and palpal tibia .

aphonopelma zionis chamberlin , 1940 : 24 ; male holotype from zion national park , near entrance , washington co . , utah , 37 . 205521 - 112 . 983664 4 , elev . 3973ft . , 16 . viii . 1925 , coll . dr . a . m . woodbury ; deposited in amnh . [ examined ]

aphonopelma joshua prentice , 1997 . a–e female specimen , aph _ 2306 a dorsal view of carapace , scale bar = 3mm b prolateral view of coxa i c ventral view of metatarsus iii , scale bar = 2mm d ventral view of metatarsus iv , scale bar = 2mm e prolateral view of l pedipalp and palpal tibia .

aphonopelma behlei chamberlin , 1940 : 26 ; male holotype and male paratype from grand canyon village , coconino co . , arizona , 36 . 054444 - 112 . 140111 4 , elev . 6882ft . , 15 . ix . 1939 , coll . dr . w . h . behle ; deposited in amnh . [ examined ]

aphonopelma prenticei sp . n . a–e female paratype , aph _ 0319 a dorsal view of carapace , scale bar = 2mm b prolateral view of coxa i c ventral view of metatarsus iii , scale bar = 2mm d ventral view of metatarsus iv , scale bar = 2mm e prolateral view of l pedipalp and palpal tibia .

aphonopelma jungi smith , 1995 : 116 ; male holotype from portal rd . , portal , cochise co . , arizona , 31 . 914142 - 109 . 141676 5 , elev . 4761ft . , viii . 1992 , coll . a . smith and michael sullivan ; deposited in bmnh . [ examined ] syn . n .

aphonopelma armada ( chamberlin , 1940 ) . a–e female specimen , aph _ 0848 a dorsal view of carapace , scale bar = 6mm b prolateral view of coxa i c ventral view of metatarsus iii , scale bar = 3mm d ventral view of metatarsus iv , scale bar = 3mm e prolateral view of l pedipalp and palpal tibia .

aphonopelma arnoldi smith , 1995 : 74 ; male holotype from hwy 82 near crosbyton , crosby co . , texas , 33 . 660017 - 101 . 294644 5 , elev . 3063ft . , 17 . vi . 1963 , coll . p . keathley ; deposited in oklahoma state university collection . [ not examined ] syn . n .

aphonopelma chalcodes chamberlin , 1940 . a–e female specimen , aph _ 0887 a dorsal view of carapace , scale bar = 8mm b prolateral view of coxa i c ventral view of metatarsus iii , scale bar = 4 . 5mm d ventral view of metatarsus iv , scale bar = 5mm e prolateral view of l pedipalp and palpal tibia .

aphonopelma icenoglei sp . n . a–e female paratype , aph _ 1562 a dorsal view of carapace , scale bar = 3mm b prolateral view of coxa i c ventral view of metatarsus iii , scale bar = 2mm d ventral view of metatarsus iv , scale bar = 2 . 5mm e prolateral view of l pedipalp and palpal tibia .

aphonopelma johnnycashi sp . n . a–e female paratype , aph _ 3080 a dorsal view of carapace , scale bar = 7mm b prolateral view of coxa i c ventral view of metatarsus iii , scale bar = 3 . 5mm d ventral view of metatarsus iv , scale bar = 4mm e prolateral view of l pedipalp and palpal tibia .

aphonopelma mareki sp . n . a–e female paratype , aph _ 1590 a dorsal view of carapace , scale bar = 3mm b prolateral view of coxa i c ventral view of metatarsus iii , scale bar = 1 . 5mm d ventral view of metatarsus iv , scale bar = 2mm e prolateral view of l pedipalp and palpal tibia .

aphonopelma marxi ( simon , 1891 ) . a–e female specimen , aph _ 0452 a dorsal view of carapace , scale bar = 7mm b prolateral view of coxa i c ventral view of metatarsus iii , scale bar = 3mm d ventral view of metatarsus iv , scale bar = 3mm e prolateral view of l pedipalp and palpal tibia .

aphonopelma chalcodes chamberlin , 1940 : 7 ; male holotype , male paratype , and two female paratypes from tucson , pima co . , arizona , 32 . 221743 - 110 . 926479 6 , elev . 2473ft . , 27 . vii . 1936 , coll . prof . c . t . vorhies ; deposited in amnh . [ examined ]

aphonopelma eutylenum chamberlin , 1940 . a–e female specimen , aph _ 1031 . a dorsal view of carapace , scale bar = 8mm b prolateral view of coxa i c ventral view of metatarsus iii , scale bar = 4 . 5mm d ventral view of metatarsus iv , scale bar = 5mm e prolateral view of l pedipalp and palpal tibia .

aphonopelma hentzi ( girard , 1854 ) . a distribution of known specimens b predicted distribution ; warmer colors ( red , orange , yellow ) represent areas of high probability of occurrence , cooler colors ( blue shades ) represent areas of low probability of occurrence . of note , the lone south texas outlier specimen in a is the harlingenum holotype .

aphonopelma anax ( chamberlin , 1940 ) . a–e female specimen , aph _ 0857 a dorsal view of carapace , scale bar = 8mm b prolateral view of coxa i c ventral view of metatarsus iii , scale bar = 4mm d ventral view of metatarsus iv , scale bar = 5 . 5mm e prolateral view of l pedipalp and palpal tibia .

aphonopelma odelli smith , 1995 : 126 ; female holotype from beavers bend state resort park mccurtain co . , oklahoma , 34 . 13104 - 94 . 69004 5 , elev . 670ft . , 13 . vi . 1979 , coll . d . c . arnold ; deposited in oklahoma state university collection . [ not examined ] syn . n .

aphonopelma madera sp . n . a–e female paratype , aph _ 1393 a dorsal view of carapace , scale bar = 5 . 5mm b prolateral view of coxa i c ventral view of metatarsus iii , scale bar = 2 . 5mm d ventral view of metatarsus iv , scale bar = 3mm e prolateral view of l pedipalp and palpal tibia .

aphonopelma mojave prentice , 1997 . a–e female specimen , aph _ 1558 a dorsal view of carapace , scale bar = 3mm b prolateral view of coxa i c ventral view of metatarsus iii , scale bar = 2 . 5mm d ventral view of metatarsus iv , scale bar = 2 . 5mm e prolateral view of l pedipalp and palpal tibia .

aphonopelma parvum sp . n . a–e female paratype , aph _ 1622 a dorsal view of carapace , scale bar = 2 . 5mm b prolateral view of coxa i c ventral view of metatarsus iii , scale bar = 1 . 5mm d ventral view of metatarsus iv , scale bar = 2mm e prolateral view of l pedipalp and palpal tibia .

aphonopelma peloncillo sp . n . a–e female paratype , aph _ 1296 a dorsal view of carapace , scale bar = 5 . 5mm b prolateral view of coxa i c ventral view of metatarsus iii , scale bar = 3 . 5mm d ventral view of metatarsus iv , scale bar = 4mm e prolateral view of l pedipalp and palpal tibia .

aphonopelma chiricahua sp . n . a–f female paratype , aph _ 2097 a dorsal view of carapace , scale bar = 3 . 5mm b prolateral view of coxa i c ventral view of metatarsus iii , scale bar = 2mm d ventral view of metatarsus iv , scale bar = 2mm e prolateral view of l pedipalp and palpal tibia f cleared spermathecae .

aphonopelma brunnius chamberlin , 1940 : 11 ; male holotype from jasper ridge biological preserve , w of stanford university , palo alto , santa clara co . , california , 37 . 405240 - 122 . 242100 4 , elev . 378ft . , 13 . xi . 1921 , coll . c . d . duncan ; deposited in amnh . [ examined ]

aphonopelma atomicum sp . n . a–e female paratype , aph _ 3267 - 2 a dorsal view of carapace , scale bar = 2mm b prolateral view of coxa i c ventral view of metatarsus iii , scale bar = 1 . 5mm d ventral view of metatarsus iv , scale bar = 1 . 5mm e prolateral view of l pedipalp and palpal tibia .

aphonopelma hentzi ( girard , 1854 ) . a–e female specimen , aph _ 0812 a dorsal view of carapace , scale bar = 6mm b prolateral view of coxa i c ventral view of metatarsus iii , scale bar = 4 . 5mm d ventral view of metatarsus iv , scale bar = 4 . 5mm e prolateral view of l pedipalp and palpal tibia .

aphonopelma iodius ( chamberlin & ivie , 1939 ) . a–e female specimen , aph _ 2016 a dorsal view of carapace , scale bar = 5 . 5mm b prolateral view of coxa i c ventral view of metatarsus iii , scale bar = 4mm d ventral view of metatarsus iv , scale bar = 5mm e prolateral view of l pedipalp and palpal tibia .

aphonopelma phasmus probably has a very restricted distribution along the colorado river in grand canyon national park . although the species is protected by the boundaries of the park , the phantom ranch area is prone to habitat degradation due to foot traffic and other recreational activities . new collecting efforts to find this species need to be taken before its conservation status can be assessed .

aphonopelma steindachneri - male neotype designated ( aph _ 1023 ) from wruck canyon , san ysidro , off cactus rd . , san diego co . , california , 32 . 55002 - 116 . 99192 1 , elev . 398ft . , 16 . v . 2010 , coll . chris a . hamilton , xavier atkinson , jordan satler ; deposited in aumnh .

aphonopelma vorhiesi ( chamberlin & ivie , 1939 ) . a–e female specimen , aph _ 1488 a dorsal view of carapace , scale bar = 5mm b prolateral view of coxa i c ventral view of metatarsus iii , scale bar = 4mm d ventral view of metatarsus iv , scale bar = 3 . 5mm e prolateral view of l pedipalp and palpal tibia .


the order of excellence is one of the six national orders of the jamaican honours system , and it is only awarded to present and former foreign heads of state or government .

the order of excellence is the most recent honour to be created , having been brought into being in 2003 .

the order of excellence took over the function of the order of merit , which is now awarded to those " persons of notable achievement in particular fields of study " .

order of excellence ( jamaica )

order of excellence ( jamaica ) <EOT> the order of excellence , which was created in 2003 , is reserved for foreign heads of state or heads of government .

the honour of the order of distinction is conferred upon members - citizens of jamaica who rendered outstanding and important service to jamaica ; honorary members - distinguished citizens of a country other than jamaica .

the honour of the order of excellence ( oe ) is ranked equally , in the order of precedence , with the honour of order of the nation and may be conferred upon any foreign head of state or foreign former head of government . a member of the order is styled ' the most honourable ' and the motor of the order is ' excellence through service ' .

the honour of the order of jamaica may be bestowed on any jamaican national or any distinguished citizen of a foreign country other than jamaica , who has demonstrated outstanding distinction in service to jamaica .

the order of excellence , which was created in 2003 , is reserved for foreign heads of state or heads of government who has played an integral part in jamaica ' s development .

the honour of the order of the nation is often conferred on the governor - general of jamaica and upon any person who has been appointed as prime minister of jamaica unless they are already recipients of the order of national hero .

the order of national hero is the most senior order . the honour of the order of national hero may be conferred upon any person who was born in jamaica or is , or at the time of his or death , a citizen of jamaica and rendered to jamaica service of a most distinguished nature . a member of the order is entitled to be styled : ' rt excellent ' .

this order is ranked with the same precedence as the honour of the order of the nation .

the insignia of the order of excellence is a 12 - point breast star in yellow gold , interspersed with representations of pineapples in white gold . in the centre are the arms of jamaica in yellow gold , superimposed on a red enamelled background and surrounded by the motto of the order , ' excellence through service ' in gold with yellow shoulder sash edged with a narrow band of green and black in equal proportions .

a distinguished citizen of a country other than jamaica may be conferred as an honorary member of this order . < continue reading >

the insignia of the order of excellence is a twelve - point breast star in yellow gold , interspersed with representations of pineapples in white gold . in the center is the heraldic coat of arms of jamaica in yellow gold , superimposed on a red enamelled background and surrounded by the motto of the order , which is . . .

this order is ranked with the same precedence as the honour of the order of the nation . that means that recipients of this order are also styled ‘the most honourable’ .

so this is a very rare order and as such you notice that it has not been awarded to many or any and any heads of state or heads of government . some kind of ' excellent ' service must be done by these state heads in order to be conferred with this order of excellence .

order of distinction the order of distinction may be conferred upon any citizen who has rendered outstanding and important service to jamaica in any field of endeavour . the order has two ranks ; the higher class - commander - being the higher of the two . distinguished citizens of a country other than jamaica may be conferred with this honour as honorary members . the motto of this order is ‘distinction through service’ . < continue reading >

and that the chief justice is the chancellor of the order of the nation .

the order of merit is the third highest honour and may be conferred upon any citizen of jamaica who has achieved eminent international distinction in his or her field of endeavour .

the order of the nation is the second highest order and is conferred on the governor - general and prime minister , upon whom the order of national hero was not previously conferred .

the insignia of the order of jamaica is made in solid gold and consists of a white enamel collar badge , the ends of which represent the ackee fruit and leaves , suspended from a deep green silk band . the centre shows the heraldic arms of jamaica against a gold background and this is surrounded by the gold lettered motto of the order on green enamel .

members of the order are entitled to be formally styled ‘the honourable’ , wear the insignia of the order and use the post nominal letters ‘oj’ .

the order of distinction has two ranks : higher class - commander and lower class - officer . commanders take place and precedence immediately after members and honorary members of the order of jamaica . the motto of the order is , ' ' distinction through service ' . a member or honorary member may be promoted from the rank of officer to that of commander .

the order of national hero , established in 1969 , is the highest of the orders and may be conferred on any jamaican or naturalised citizen who has rendered the most distinguished service to jamaica .

and by the award of the badge of honour of the medal of honour .

the insignia of the order of the nation consists of a magnificent breast star bearing the heraldic arms of jamaica on a red enamelled background in the centre and surrounded by the motto of the order in gold lettering on green enamel . between the points of the star are gold representations of pineapples . the broad watered silk sash is in brilliant red with narrow green edging .

the insignia of the order of distinction ( officer ) is suspended from a breast riband of similar colours without the finial . the triangular silver badge has in the centre a yellow enamelled square on which is placed the arms of jamaica in silver .

the order of jamaica can be conferred upon any jamaican citizen of outstanding distinction or any distinguishing citizen of a country other than jamaica . the motto is ' for a covenant of the people ' . members and honorary members are entitled to wear the insignia of the order as a decoration ; to be styled ' honourable ' ; to use the post nominal letters ' oj ' in the case of members and ' oj ( hon ) ' in the case of honorary members .

the insignia of the order of merit is a collar badge suspended from a deep maroon silk riband . the six - armed white enamelled star with 12 points has superimposed on , it a lesser shaped star in silver . between each of the outer six points of the star is the blue lignum vitae flower of jamaica . in the centre , the arms of jamaica in gold on a contrasting silver background , surrounded by the motto of the order in gold lettering on red enamel .

members of the order and their spouses are styled ' the most honourable ' and members wear the insignia of the order as a decoration while appending the postnominal on to their name .

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officers of the order of distinction are entitled to use the post nominal letters : ' od ' in the case of members ; ' od ( hon . ) ' in the case of honorary members . the term ' order of distinction ' should never be abbreviated by the letters ' od ' as the post nominal letters ' od ' denote ' officer of the order of distinction ' .

the recipient is styled ' the right excellent ' and wears the insignia of the order . < continue reading >

the insignia of the order of national hero is a 12 - pointed gold and white star , centred on a black enamelled medallion . the medallion features the jamaican coat of arms in gold relief , and it is encircled by the motto of the order , " he built a city which hath foundations . " it is typically displayed on a neck ribbon in the national colours of jamaica ( black , yellow , and green ) , along with a laurel wreath of gold and green enamel .

the order of merit is conferred upon jamaicans or on distinguished citizens of another country who has achieved eminent international distinction in the field of science , arts , literature or any other endeavour . members and honorary members of the order are entitled to wear the insignia of the order as a decoration and to be styled as the honourable . in addition , they can append the postnominal letters om to their names , or om ( hon ) in the case of honorary members . the order ' s motto is ' he that does the truth comes into the light ' .

once a month , reality roasters will roast prestigious coffees from all over the world . these coffees are considered by many to be the best coffees available ! these will include aces and cup of excellence coffees from colombia , costa rica , el salvador , and fine auction lot coffees from africa , jamaica , or kona . as a member , you will receive one pound of that months coffee selection . these coffees will not be offered to our other retail clients .

the former president of south africa , his excellency thabo mbeki was conferred with the award on july 1 , 2003 ; the king of spain , his majesty juan carlos was conferred with the order in february of 2009 ' and president of tanzania , his excellency jakaya mrisho kikwete , was conferred with the order in november 2009 .

recipients of this honour are entitled to be styled formally as ' the most honourable ' , wear the insignia of the order , and use the post nominal letters ‘on’ .

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national honours and awards are administered by the chancery of the orders of the societies of honour in the office of the prime minister .

the coffees typically come from very small farms , are hand picked , milled , and processed by the farmer on site , and then carefully packed and shipped to the states . all of these coffees have won awards or scored very highly for their flavor and quality cupping results . see below for further details on the cup of excellence process .

in addition to focusing on creating facilities that allow seniors to maintain their independence as long as possible and to live with the dignity and compassion they deserve , barrie has also committed significant foundation resources to researching seniors’ issues and encouraging the development of medical expertise in alberta . this includes brenda strafford chairs at the university of calgary in geriatric medicine and alzheimer research , as well as the u of c brenda strafford centre of excellence in gerontological nursing . barrie’s commitment to helping abused women also resulted in the university’s brenda strafford chair in the prevention of domestic violence .

coffee club annual membership - due to cart limitations , you may see shipping charges ; please be assured that these will be removed at final order processing .

the award can be held by no more than 15 living persons . bob marley was awarded the order of merit in 1981 , shortly before his death . the poet , singer , actress and broadcaster louise bennett - coverley was also a member .

' cd ' in the case of members ; ' cd ( hon . ) ' in the case of honorary members .

this price includes twelve pounds of coffees and shipping . coffee is shipped automatically once a month . you always have the opportunity to purchase additional coffee when available ! this really is an exceptional value and is only available for a small percentage of our customers . order today to ensure you too will receive the world ' s most exclusive coffees .

barrie strafford’s commitment to service has resulted in numerous honours over the years , including the alberta centennial medal , the queen’s golden jubilee medal , honourary fellowship in the royal college of physicians and surgeons of canada , an honourary doctor of laws degree from the university of calgary and special recognition from the canadian geriatric society and the people of dominica . barrie also received the highest papal honour available when he was made a knight of st . silvester by pope benedict xvi .

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spouses of the recipients are also styled ' the most honourable ' . < continue reading >

he began his work overseas , building health clinics in the small , impoverished caribbean island of dominica . his friend arthur jenkins , the then president of the charitable organization operation eyesight universal , suggested that barrie find a way to serve the people of haiti . that suggestion evolved into the institut brenda strafford in haiti which represented a significant operation for the foundation and provides invaluable health care services to countless people who would otherwise go without . in addition to the institut , the foundation’s caribbean projects have grown to include brenda strafford health clinics in four communities in dominica , eye care beds for the princess margaret hospital in dominica and various health related teaching and testing projects . the foundation also established the village of hope in montego bay , jamaica , which serves as a medical centre , an aids hospice and a teaching orphanage .

barrie strafford has offered distinguished service as a nursing home and assisted care facility leader , as a caring humanitarian serving people in need in underprivileged countries and as a tireless supporter of a wide range of alberta causes from medical research that benefits seniors to programs for victims of domestic abuse .

“to cater to humanity ; to bring a measure of hope to people whose outlook seems hopeless . ”

as a teenager , barrie harboured a desire to become a test pilot and volunteered to join the military in the final year of the second world war . he successfully made his way through the battery of tests required of all potential pilots , only to discover in the final stages that he was colour blind and would be unable to fly . still anxious to serve in whatever capacity he could , barrie became a radio operator with the royal navy . he began his duties at the age of 18 and served for two years , after the end of the war .

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as the riverview became established , barrie extended his commitment to the community with duties as director and chairman of the alberta motor association in medicine hat and a director of the alberta hospital association where he represented all nursing homes in alberta . he also took over operations of the bow view nursing home in calgary . in time , barrie and brenda began discussing possible plans to put a greater focus on charitable work .

barrie ingram strafford was born in manchester , england on september 26 , 1928 . the only child of dudley and gladys strafford , barrie enjoyed the care and attention of parents who worked hard to give their son every possible advantage in life . that included the opportunity to attend clarke’s college in bristol from the age of 13 . barrie made the best of an opportunity that had been created for him at considerable financial sacrifice by his parents and obtained honours in english , history , literature and art . throughout school he was also active in sports and served as an air cadet .

in 1962 , barrie increased his education by enrolling in extension courses in management development at the u of a in calgary where he gained honours in accounting and economics . in the 1960′s , barrie also fulfilled his dream of flying when a regulation change allowed him to earn his wings and purchase an airplane .

jamaican dancehall music was developed in the 1980 ' s and is the pinnacle of the music industry we are now experiencing with constant changes in sound derived from earlier genres .

barrie and brenda set about building a life together in england and welcomed a son , miles , in 1951 . barrie soon realized that he would enjoy a better chance of realizing his dream of opening his own business if the family moved overseas . after considering various options , he and brenda chose canada as their new home . in 1952 , barrie went ahead to begin looking for work and arrived in halifax where he was greeted by one of brenda’s relatives and was told to continue west to calgary because it was viewed as “the place of the future of canada . ” once there , barrie wasted no time in settling down to work as a painter and then as a cost accountant for a construction business . his family joined him the next year and barrie and brenda set about raising a family that grew to include miles and three daughters : roxanne , sheree and lisa .

. . . in gold letters on royal blue enamel . the insignia is worn with a yellow shoulder sash edged with a narrow band of green and black in equal proportions .

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orders are used to recognise merit in terms of achievement and service . decorations and awards are used to recognise bravery , meritorious , long and / or valuable service and / or good conduct .

we are opening another club opportunity . reality roasters coffee company , in its quest to deliver the best coffees of the world , is proud to announce team reality for another twenty lucky customers !

2 . please understand that comments are moderated and it is not always possible to publish all that have been submitted . we will , however , try to publish comments that are representative of all received .

these coffees are a tad bit more expensive . some say , you get what you pay for ! know this ; we will price the coffee as reasonable as possible . every lot of coffee will be priced accordingly . one might expect costs to run from $ 18 to $ 30 per pound . yes , that is expensive coffee , but it will be some of the best coffee in the world !

the national honours and awards act , promulgated on the 18th of july 1969 , made it possible for the nation to recognize those who by their service and contribution have had a meaningful and significant impact on national life .

by 1964 , barrie knew that it was time to make a change from his duties as an accountant and manager and return to his original dream of opening his own business . at first , he was attracted to nursing homes as a promising business opportunity because they were an area of growth for the province at that time . he became involved in the newly created alberta nursing home plan and chose medicine hat as a location in need of a modern facility . barrie and his family were welcomed into the community with open arms and he set about building the riverview nursing home . on the grand opening day , that new facility became far more than a business venture to barrie . as he watched the first 13 residents being admitted , barrie was profoundly struck by how much they needed care and compassion and , in that moment , he made a personal commitment to dedicate himself to serving seniors .

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tragically , brenda would never see those plans come to fruition . barrie lost his wife in a car accident on june 23 , 1974 . that terrible event prompted barrie to dedicate himself to serve others in her honour . he created the brenda strafford foundation and began looking for community investments , primarily in the areas of health care and services for seniors .

while barrie was hard at work developing the foundation’s charitable programs to benefit people in need in the caribbean , he devoted equal energies to helping his fellow albertans . the foundation’s investments in the province include continuing care facilities such as bow view manor and wentworth manor in calgary , the brenda strafford centre for the prevention of domestic violence which provides safe , affordable housing and counseling for women and their children fleeing domestic violence , gateway place for women without children fleeing domestic violence and a transitional housing facility for calgary homeless families called brenda’s house .

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the national jamaican awards and honours recognize those jamaicans or foreign nationals who , by their service , have made a meaningful and significant contribution to national development .

foreign nationals receiving the award are honorary members and use the post nominal letters ‘oj ( hon ) ’ . < continue reading >

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this jamaican mango smoothie recipe can be used to make a refreshing jamaican beverage that will tantalize your taste buds and keep you cool all at the same time .

jamaican music has evolved in such a dynamic way that we have to endorse what the legend bob marley said . . . when it hits you , you feel no pain . . .

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the national honours and awards act , promulgated on july 1969 , made it possible for the nation to recognise those who by their service and contribution have had a meaningful and significant impact on national life .

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christine laing on dr . louise bennett coverly - " miss lou " as a national hero

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example : colombia lot # : 3 diogenes muchicon perdomo - san antonio jury descriptions : sweet ( 24 ) , bright lively acidity ( 24 ) , citric and complex ( 21 ) , creamy ( 19 ) , smooth finish ( 18 ) , cherry floral notes ( 16 ) , chocolate caramel ( 11 ) , red wine notes ( 10 ) , round ( 6 ) , lemon ( 6 ) , buttery ( 5 ) , blackberry ( 3 ) , vanilla ( 2 ) , sparkling finish .

call and reserve your spot today . it is that simple ! don ' t wait , join the team today !

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barrie freely admits that he regrets not returning to school after his military service . however , the years following his royal navy service did net one very important result . on july 29 , 1950 , barrie married brenda mary mabbs , whom he had met at a dance in keynsham , england . brenda would prove to be not only his life partner but the main inspiration for the exceptional public service he would one day offer .