ctenopharynx is a small genus of haplochromine cichlids from east africa .

two of its species are endemic to lake malawi , while the third occurs in lake malawi and the upper reaches of the shire river .

ctenopharynx

ctenopharynx <EOT> landmark - based morphometric analysis of the body shape of two sympatric species , ctenopharynx pictus and otopharynx sp . “heterodon nankhumba” ( teleostei : cichlidae ) , from lake malawi

landmark - based morphometric analysis of the body shape of two sympatric species , ctenopharynx pictus and otopharynx sp . “heterodon nankhumba” ( teleostei : cichlidae ) , from lake malawi | springerlink

" landmark - based morphometric analysis of the body shape of two sympatric species , ctenopharynx pictus and otopharynx sp . " heterodon nankhumba " ( teleostei : cichlidae ) , from lake malawi "

landmark - based morphometric analysis of the body shape of two sympatric species , ctenopharynx pictus and otopharynx sp . " heterodon nankhumba " ( teleostei : cichlidae ) , from lake malawi [ 2002 ]

maréchal , c . , 1991 . ctenopharynx . p . 60 - 61 . in j . daget , j . - p . gosse , g . g . teugels and d . f . e . thys van den audenaerde ( eds . ) check - list of the freshwater fishes of africa ( cloffa ) . isnb , brussels ; mrac , tervuren ; and orstom , paris . vol . 4 . ( ref . 4981 )

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thank you for taking the time to provide feedback on the iucn red list of threatened species website , we are grateful for your input .

snoeks , j . ( freshwater fish red list authority ) & darwall , w . ( freshwater biodiversity assessment programme )

justification : endemic to lake malawi . it is know to have declined in the southern arms of the lake , probably due to the commercial trawl fishery , but is assumed to remain stable in all other parts of the lake where demersal trawling is absent .

prefers shallow areas of sandy shores or habitats with a mud / silt substrate . it can also be found below 30 m . feeds on plankton . it is reported to have declined substantially in abundance in the southeastern arm of the lake south of boadzulu island due to the impact of demersal trawling in the area . known as " haplochromis nitidus " in the aquarium trade

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justification : endemic to lake malawi . widespread distribution with no major widespread threats identified .

occurs in sediment rich , rocky habitats at depths between 7–30 m . feeds on small invertebrates found in the sediment . known as " haplochromis pictus " or " haplochromis nitidus " in the aquarium trade .

greek , kteis , ktenos = comb + greek , pharyngx = pharynx ( ref . 45335 )

from the latin " pictus " = painted , coloured ( ref . 55925 )

freshwater ; benthopelagic ; depth range ? - 78 m ( ref . 55925 ) . tropical ; 24°c - 26°c ( ref . 2060 ) ; 9°s - 15°s

africa : endemic to lake malawi . occurs in monkey bay , nankumba , otter point , domwe and thumbi west islands and the north end of lake malawi .

maturity : l m ? range ? - ? cm max length : 12 . 6 cm tl male / unsexed ; ( ref . 4981 )

diagnosis : high number of gill - rakers on lower outer arch ( 32 - 38 ) ; long head , 35 . 6 - 40 . 6 % of standard length , and correlated with this a more posterior position of dorsal , pectoral and pelvic fins ; long premaxillary pedicel , 33 . 0 - 38 . 4 % head length ( ref . 55925 ) .

inhabits rocky areas with a deposit of fine sediment ( ref . 267 , 55925 ) , but also found on soft - bottom habitats ( ref . 55925 ) . feeds on small invertebrates , mainly benthic copepods ( ref . 267 , 55925 ) obtained by sucking up the fine sediment and passing it over the gill - rakers ( ref . 267 ) .

phylogenetic diversity index ( ref . 82805 ) : pd 50 = 0 . 6250 [ uniqueness , from 0 . 5 = low to 2 . 0 = high ] .

bayesian length - weight : a = 0 . 01000 ( 0 . 00244 - 0 . 04107 ) , b = 3 . 04 ( 2 . 81 - 3 . 27 ) , in cm total length , based on all lwr estimates for this body shape ( ref . 93245 ) .

trophic level ( ref . 69278 ) : 3 . 0 ±0 . 00 se ; based on food items .

resilience ( ref . 69278 ) : high , minimum population doubling time less than 15 months ( preliminary k or fecundity . ) .

vulnerability ( ref . 59153 ) : low vulnerability ( 14 of 100 ) .

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disclaimer : itis taxonomy is based on the latest scientific consensus available , and is provided as a general reference source for interested parties . however , it is not a legal authority for statutory or regulatory purposes . while every effort has been made to provide the most reliable and up - to - date information available , ultimate legal requirements with respect to species are contained in provisions of treaties to which the united states is a party , wildlife statutes , regulations , and any applicable notices that have been published in the federal register . for further information on u . s . legal requirements with respect to protected taxa , please contact the u . s . fish and wildlife service .

confused by a class within a class or an order within an order ? please see our brief essay .

to cite this page : myers , p . , r . espinosa , c . s . parr , t . jones , g . s . hammond , and t . a . dewey . 2018 . the animal diversity web ( online ) . accessed at https : / / animaldiversity . org .

disclaimer : the animal diversity web is an educational resource written largely by and for college students . adw doesn ' t cover all species in the world , nor does it include all the latest scientific information about organisms we describe . though we edit our accounts for accuracy , we cannot guarantee all information in those accounts . while adw staff and contributors provide references to books and websites that we believe are reputable , we cannot necessarily endorse the contents of references beyond our control .

this material is based upon work supported by the national science foundation grants drl 0089283 , drl 0628151 , due 0633095 , drl 0918590 , and due 1122742 . additional support has come from the marisla foundation , um college of literature , science , and the arts , museum of zoology , and information and technology services .

, a distinctively marked member of the " three - spot " assemblage which feeds on zooplankton . despite their diet , members of the genus

species are utaka . photo copyright © 1997 by m . k . oliver .

last update : 22 october 2001 web author : m . k . oliver , ph . d . copyright © 1997 - 2018 by m . k . oliver - all rights reserved

acknowledgments we thank dr . dean adams for his constructive ideas on the gm methodology and the manuscript itself . katherine martin , dr . andrew rossiter , and dr . juanito dasilao deserve our heartfelt thanks also for their criticisms and good suggestions on this manuscript . the malawi government through its fisheries department deserve also our thankfulness for permitting us to collect samples from lake malawi . many thanks to dr . ad konings who provided us with images for the two species .

laboratory of aquatic ecology , united graduate school of agricultural science , ehime university , b 200 monobe , nankoku , kochi 783 - 8502 , japan ( e - mail : ddk , kassam @ cc . kochi - u . ac . jp )

wwf japan , nihonseimei akabanebashi building , 6 fl . , 3 - 1 - 14 shiba , minato - ku , tokyo 105 - 0014 , japan

table 1 : the species is currently present in 2 of them ( endemic , native , introduced ) ; table 2 : possible in 0 of them ( stray , questionable ) ; table 3 : absent from 0 of them ( extirpated , not established , misidentification , error ) . table 4 : all reports listed together .

the literature species report in a country is represented by an icon ( a circle ) in the middle of the country polygon .

: a report in the literature does not necessarily mean that the species is currently present in the country ! there are errors in literature , misidentifications , and some species have been locally or globally extirpated or eradicated .

introduction status : a white ' i ' in the middle of the circle indicates that the species has been introduced , if the presence ring is green it means that the species established itself or that we don ' t know the current presence status , if the presence ring is red it means that the species did not established itself .

threat status : the pattern of the ring ( not dashed : not threatened or no information ; dashed : any status indicating that the species has a national threatened ) . important : this is the national threatened status , not the global iucn one .

salinity status = milieu : the colours in the middle circle ( blue : marine ; green : brackish ; light blue : freshwater ; dark green : land ) .

the icon in a country polygon indicates that the species has been reported at least once in the country , but not necessarily that it is present in the entire country .

it is particularly the case for large country such as brazil , usa , canada , russia , china , india , indonesia , australia , etc .

for example , a number of freshwater species present in western european countries are also present in the western part of russia , but not beyond the ural mountains . still the icon for russia is placed in its asian part .

the icon is placed approximately in the middle of the country , even for the species that are marine only .

for marine species , it does not mean either that the species is present in all oceanic coasts of the countries ( e . g . , altlantic and pacific for usa and canada ) .

so the map needs to be interpreted carefully , but we think it helps to give a quick view of the distribution by country , in a better way than the textual list of countries when it is over a dozen countries .

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urn : lsid : catalogueoflife . org : taxon : 322c1faa - 4e2c - 11e8 - 9ed0 - fa163e792e6e : col20180626

urn : lsid : catalogueoflife . org : taxon : 322c42d7 - 4e2c - 11e8 - 9ed0 - fa163e792e6e : col20180626

urn : lsid : catalogueoflife . org : taxon : 3234f3f4 - 4e2c - 11e8 - 9ed0 - fa163e792e6e : col20180626

urn : lsid : catalogueoflife . org : taxon : 324ac511 - 4e2c - 11e8 - 9ed0 - fa163e792e6e : col20180626

urn : lsid : catalogueoflife . org : taxon : 38367036 - 4e2c - 11e8 - 9ed0 - fa163e792e6e : col20180626

froese r . & pauly d . ( eds ) . ( 2018 ) . fishbase ( version feb 2018 ) . in : roskov y . , abucay l . , orrell t . , nicolson d . , bailly n . , kirk p . m . , bourgoin t . , dewalt r . e . , decock w . , de wever a . , nieukerken e . van , zarucchi j . , penev l . , eds . ( 2018 ) . species 2000 & itis catalogue of life , 30th june 2018 . digital resource at urltoken species 2000 : naturalis , leiden , the netherlands . issn 2405 - 8858 .

urn : lsid : catalogueoflife . org : taxon : 865c04e3 - 4e2c - 11e8 - 9ed0 - fa163e792e6e : col20180626

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oxycetonia jucunda , the smaller green flower chafer , is a species of flower chafer found in japan .

it has been known to damage citrus and other plants .

oxycetonia jucunda

oxycetonia jucunda <EOT> no one has contributed data records for oxycetonia jucunda yet . learn how to contribute .

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urn : lsid : catalogueoflife . org : taxon : 322c25e1 - 4e2c - 11e8 - 9ed0 - fa163e792e6e : col20180626

urn : lsid : catalogueoflife . org : taxon : 322c277b - 4e2c - 11e8 - 9ed0 - fa163e792e6e : col20180626

urn : lsid : catalogueoflife . org : taxon : 322ce1a0 - 4e2c - 11e8 - 9ed0 - fa163e792e6e : col20180626

urn : lsid : catalogueoflife . org : taxon : 322d0cd4 - 4e2c - 11e8 - 9ed0 - fa163e792e6e : col20180626

urn : lsid : catalogueoflife . org : taxon : 3259fa38 - 4e2c - 11e8 - 9ed0 - fa163e792e6e : col20180626

urn : lsid : catalogueoflife . org : taxon : 36f0b50d - 4e2c - 11e8 - 9ed0 - fa163e792e6e : col20180626

schoolmeesters p . ( 2018 ) . scarabs : world scarabaeidae database ( version apr 2018 ) . in : roskov y . , abucay l . , orrell t . , nicolson d . , bailly n . , kirk p . m . , bourgoin t . , dewalt r . e . , decock w . , de wever a . , nieukerken e . van , zarucchi j . , penev l . , eds . ( 2018 ) . species 2000 & itis catalogue of life , 30th june 2018 . digital resource at urltoken species 2000 : naturalis , leiden , the netherlands . issn 2405 - 8858 .

urn : lsid : catalogueoflife . org : taxon : daa3a4c5 - 76ba - 11e8 - 9ed0 - fa163e792e6e : col20180626

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aslauga prouvosti , the prouvost 's aslauga , is a butterfly in the lycaenidae family .

it is found in cameroon , the democratic republic of the congo ( shaba ) and western and north-western tanzania .

aslauga prouvosti

aslauga prouvosti <EOT> libert , m . 1997 contribution a ' letue des lycaenidae africans : deuxieme note sir le genre aslauga kirby ( lepidoptera , lycaenidae . lambillionea 97 , 543 - 556 .

aslauga is a genus of butterflies in the family lycaenidae . they are associated with other insects and found only in the afrotropic ecozone . they are small usually grey - blue or grey - purple butterflies with a distinctive , but widely varied wing shape , especially pronounced in a . pandora . they are forest butterflies of the congolian forests and lower guinean forests .

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specimens recently collected in ghana and guinea probably comprise one or more different species ( m . libert pers . comm . 2008 ) . the assessment is therefore based on

has a huge extent of occurrence ( eoo ) from korup in cameroon to northwestern tanzania and the shaba province of the drc . it seems quite widely distributed in cameroon and is doubtless much more common than its known area of occupancy ( aoo ) indicates . it is also not considered to be habitat - specific and is not facing any major threats at present . it is best classed as being of least concern .

as most data on this species are only recently acquired and it comes from an elusive genus , little is known about its population status . however , given this information it seems likely that this is an under - reported species that is more common than current records suggest .

this widespread species is not especially habitat - specific and therefore it does not face any major threats .

no species - specific conservation measures are in place for this species . this species may benefit from further research into its distribution ; however , this is not an immediate concern given that the current distribution of this species is still very large .

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© 2016 , butterfly conservation society , ghana - african butterfly research institute - icom ltd .

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a west and central african forest genus with a wide diversity of wing shapes .

ackery , p . r . , smith , c . r . & vane - wright , r . i . ( ed . ) 1995 carcasson ' s african butterflies . canberra : csiro .

eliot , j . n . 1973 the higher classification of the lycaenidae ( lepidoptera ) : a tentative arrangement . bull . br . mus . nat . hist . ( ent . ) 28 , 371 - 505 , 6 pls .

larsen , t . b . 2005 butterflies of west africa . stenstrup , denmark : apollo books .

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each tol branch page provides a synopsis of the characteristics of a group of organisms representing a branch of the tree of life . the major distinction between a branch and a leaf of the tree of life is that each branch can be further subdivided into descendent branches , that is , subgroups representing distinct genetic lineages .

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curators : konstantin efetov , vasiliy feoktistov , svyatoslav knyazev , evgeny komarov , stan korb , alexander zhakov .

species catalog enables to sort by characteristics such as expansion , flight time , etc . .

" wings short and broad , very densely scaled ; anterior wings strongly curved outwards in the middle of the hind margin ; posterior wings with a concavity on the inner margin at the anal angle . anterior wings with the subcostal nervure five - branched , the first two branches emitted near together before the end of the cell and parallel , the other three short and emitted near the apex of the wing ; the third and fourth parallel , running into the costa before the apex , the fifth running to the hind margin just below the apex " .

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scrappy t ( foaled in kentucky on march 31 , 2002 ) was an american thoroughbred racehorse .

a descendant of sunny 's halo , he was sired by fit to fight by breeder upson downs farm .

scrappy t was a multiple graded stakes winner but will be remembered most for his near fatal collision with afleet alex and gutsy runner-up finish in the 2005 preakness stakes .

scrappy t

scrappy t <EOT> but scrappy t hasn’t always been the horse with the “whatever” attitude that danielle speaks of .

scrappy t sticks out his tongue during his morning bath at the pimlico racetrack in baltimore , may 18 , 2005 . scrappy t came in second at pimlico .

speaking of scrappy t , where is em / xctrygirl ? ' haven ' t heard from her here in a while . . .

and when the occasional guest fancies a hack around the farm , scrappy t is happy to oblige .

scrappy t turned in a five - furlong work in : 58 2 / 5 at bowie thursday .

• entering the preakness scrappy t had won three of nine career starts and earned $ 279 , 120 .

danielle mason enjoys a moment with former horse racing star scrappy t , who now lives on her family’s county farm . scrappy t made national news when he finished second in the preakness in 2005 . | photo by michael copley

the hard lesson taught him to fight for his wins . " you do have to be scrappy , " he says . " if we weren ' t scrappy , if we weren ' t resilient , we could have just quit . "

scrappy t rewarded that faith with a win in aqueduct ' s count fleet stakes in the first outing . next came a third in the whirlaway before diving into grade 1 company in the wood memorial . scrappy t wound up third in bellamy road ' s romp . three weeks later , however , scrappy t had things his way , winning the grade 3 withers .

" afleet alex made an incredible comeback to win the preakness stakes after clipping heels with eventual 2nd place finisher scrappy t . "

herbert t was not an actual " half brother " to scrappy . he ' s not related at all . . . urltoken only by having the " t " at the end of his name did some folks think he was . however scrappy was named for his owner ' s grandson , whose name began with a " t "

mention the horse ' s name to the average racing fan and they ' ll relay the play - by - play in their mind ' s eye of those few seconds when scrappy t veered sharply into the path of eventual winner afleet alex . smart money says the same fans won ' t have too many kind words for scrappy t .

too much urban growth is fueled by retirees , not scrappy citizens seeking a better future .

move to powhatan means scrappy is living the good life , fox hunting with his handler danielle .

william mason estimates scrappy t grossed between $ 940 , 000 and $ 950 , 000 over his career . “he was a big money horse , ” said danielle .

scrappy t , who has never finished worse than third in nine lifetime starts despite his usual involvement in setting or forcing a strong early pace , is aptly named .

you can complain that you don’t have enough money , connections , etc , or you can be scrappy and find a clever way to use the limited resources you’ve got .

afleet alex , with jeremy rose aboard , ( 12 ) keeps his balance after being knocked to his knees by scrappy t ( 5 ) at the top of the stretch to win the 130th preakness stakes may 21 , 2005 at pimlico race course in baltimore . scrappy t came in second . at left is high limit with edgar prado aboard .

in his ten starts , scrappy t has never finished out of the money while racing primarily in stakes races at aqueduct . scrappy t is nominated to the $ 500 , 000 colonial turf cup june 25 and the $ 750 , 000 virginia derby ( gr . iiit ) july 16 at colonial downs to kick off the inaugural $ 5 million grand slam of grass .

danielle worked at the tracks around scrappy t beginning in 2005 , but she hadn’t the chance to handle him until now . “he was the big shot back then , ” she says , flashing a proud smile at the behemoth in the stall behind us .

just browsing her photo ' s & thought i ' d add a link to a pic of scrappy breezing . urltoken

a different delaware - based horse , afleet alex , became the hero ; scrappy t ? – ? to many ? – ? the villain . bailes and dowell went back to the pimlico stakes barn befuddled but grateful that neither horse went down . getting their breath and their wits , they waited for scrappy t , ayala and daignault - salvaggio to return from the test barn .

it was the gasp heard round the world . and 10 years later , the team behind 2005 preakness stakes runner - up scrappy t still runs the gamut of emotions whenever the subject is broached .

jeremy rose comes out of the saddle after winning aboard afleet alex while ramon dominguez riding scrappy t comes in second during the 130th preakness stakes may 21 , 2005 at pimlico race course in baltimore .

jockey ramon dominguez answers a reporter ' s question during a news conference at the pimlico racetrack , may 18 , 2005 , in baltimore . dominguez was to ride scrappy t in the preakness stakes .

invested tens of millions of dollars in the scrappy start - up . more than three decades later , micron remains based in boise .

scrappy t is huge , with muscles that bulge at the joints and a brown coat that glistens even against a gray sky . he’s absolutely impressive , and it’s obvious this animal can move very , very quickly .

" it didn ' t feel like me at all , " kate said . " i felt really bad about straddling this buff guy . i didn ' t like it . i couldn ' t get out of bed for two weeks . "

scrappy t had enough graded stakes earnings to run in the kentucky derby ( gr . i ) but ran in the withers ( gr . iii ) at aqueduct instead , which he won . three weeks later he was the runner up in the preakness ( gr . i ) to afleet alex in a memorable triple crown race because the winner nearly went down when the leading scrappy t veered into his path at the top of the pimlico stretch .

t . j . comerford , assistant trainer for aidan o ' brie . . .

2 . hmm… i’m not too sure right now . i can’t think of anybody .

as a side note , i used to gallop a horse named herbert t in ny , a half bro to scrappy . any word on him ? he was always such a love , just curious if he found a good home .

– the stakes winner breezed three furlongs in : 37 . 60 at pimlico wednesday morning in preparation for saturday ' s preakness stakes . jockey ramon dominguez , who picked up the mount on scrappy t , was aboard for the workout .

" my father taught me if you don ' t have anything good to say , don ' t say anything , and that ' s my comment , " ritchey said .

as 14 horses were entered wednesday for saturday ' s preakness stakes ( gr . i ) , scrappy t turned his final workout , getting three furlongs in : 37 3 / 5 in what was described as a " maintenance work . "

marshall dowell ' s scrappy t has been a strong pace factor in most of his races , but the gelded son of fit to fight gave his trainer every indication that he can be rated just off the pace during his withers victory .

it ' s amazing that horse didn ' t breakdown . when you look at the stills from that mishap it almost looks impossible that the horse didn ' t break his leg .

“you were a great candidate , but don’t have the years of experience we want . ”

if we didn’t like working with each other , we’d part ways — no hard feelings .

the founder might have a deep passion for it , even if mike doesn ' t .

jeremy rose celebrates from the saddle as he rides afleet alex past the finish may 21 , 2005 as ramon dominquez on scrappy t , left , and high limit ridden by edgar prado at pimlico race course in baltimore during the 130th preakness stakes .

some of the most important innovations in the last century have come about because of scrappy entrepreneurs ( remember , steve jobs started apple in his basement ) .

“he’s a true gentleman , ” said danielle mason , the horse’s handler . the six - year - old horse’s name is scrappy t and he took second place in the 2005 preakness after a thrilling five - win lead - up to the race .

always keep in mind that the world is ever - changing . don’t let yourself lag behind .

5 things you didn ' t know about micron technology , inc . - - the motley fool

we were scrappy enough to get something off the ground in one night to get the attention of someone willing to invest in our product . talk about product validation .

bailes sent scrappy t out five times at 2 ; on halloween , he broke his maiden at delaware park in his third start and finished second in two aqueduct allowance races to close the year . bailes was confident enough to consider stakes to start the sophomore campaign .

scrappy t eightbelles , thanks for bringing up scrappy t , one of my favorite horses of the past 10 years . there was something so cool and brave about him . my friend emily frequently galloped him coming up to the preakness and said he was such a neat horse ( emily posts on this board under another name ) to ride . around that time she got to gallop a lot of really classy horses . i loved his run in the withers . such a heart ! and now i ' m so happy that we ' ll see him in eventing competitions - can ' t think of a better horse for a sport . hallie

kids are generally more impulsive than adults because they haven’t yet experienced the consequences of making bad choices .

on cue , the son of northern afleet made a scorching run in the middle of the far turn and was bearing down on leader , scrappy t . but off the turn , scrappy t bore out under left - handed urging from ramon dominguez and afleet alex , right on his heels , stumbled badly . afleet alex ' s rider , jeremy rose , nearly came out of the saddle but both jockey and horse made a stunning recovery . not only did they stay upright , but afleet alex took off and won the race by 4 3 / 4 lengths .

racing fans will be deprived of a rematch between the top two finishers of the dramatic may 21 preakness won by afleet alex . trainer robbie bailes and owner marshall dowell have decided that runner - up scrappy t will not run in the belmont stakes ( gr . i ) june 11 .

while being scrappy , nimble , transparent , collaborative , and empathetic helps you design effectively and efficiently at a startup , there is still one thing you need that cannot be trained .

but race horses aren’t all as lucky as scrappy t . they face a variety of fates when their professional careers are over , usually when the horse is about six years old . danielle mentions a new foundation for retired racers - a program that gives the horses to prisoners , as a sort of therapy for both parties . in other cases the horses are given away , and sometimes they are led to slaughter .

bailes and dowell have been careful in selecting the right spots for scrappy t . , a gelding by fit to fight . in march , they passed on the gotham ( gr . iii ) in favor of the wood memorial ( gr . i ) because they thought the races were too close together .

binary pitched lps on the idea that they were sourcing deals in “fresh , ” “scrappy” and “youthful” ways . some women involved in this orbit have a darker take on what those adjectives meant .

i invited mike michalowicz on mixergy to give examples of how he was scrappy when he started his businesses , and help you come up with your own creative solutions for doing more with less .

scrappy t ( usa ) dkb / br . g , 2002 { 1 - h } dp = 9 - 5 - 6 - 0 - 0 ( 20 ) di = 5 . 67 cd = 1 . 15 - 17 starts , 3 wins , 7 places , 2 shows career earnings : $ 645 , 919

" i don ' t think ramon did anything out of line , " said rose , whose preakness victory was his first in a triple crown race . " ramon wasn ' t beating on him ; he just hit him one time .

andrew , i ' m digging your new style of format on your “scrappy - tips” . it ' s very easy to read and you give some great points . i just re - tweeted : )

“dude , you don’t need to do that . if you’re willing to spend that money , why don’t you just come out to sf , line up interviews , and simultaneously look for a job ? get the initial experience you need elsewhere . ”

if you haven’t noticed , i’m big on building relationships — asking for nothing but their time and experiences . here are some key players who really made all the difference for me . feel free to reach out to them . they don’t bite .

" it wasn ' t very vogue , i suppose , " kate said later . " it was very corinne . "

" and when she did , " added corinne , " i found i didn ' t think her beautiful anymore . "

at zugata , we’re building something that never existed before , meaning we don’t always have data to help with design decisions .

in a terrifying instant , afleet alex nearly went down after his left front hoof clipped scrappy t ' s right rear . traveling at top speed , the colt - - and jockey jeremy rose - - somehow managed to maintain footing and avoid what could have been a catastrophe in front of a record crowd of 115 , 318 .

scrappy t made three more starts in 2005 , finishing second in the indiana derby - g2 and discovery handicap - g3 . after a hiatus of more than two years , he returned as a 6 - year - old in 2008 . four mediocre efforts were enough to convince bailes and dowell that it was time to close the book .

as they did in their previous roles , mr . teo and mr . caldbeck will take what they call a “scrappy” approach to finding companies with real potential . “the deals we want to do aren’t already in play , ” said mr . teo , who was an early investor in snapchat . “we want to make them happen . ”

on a large desktop monitor , they watched a replay and saw jockey ramon dominguez wind up twice with his whip and come down hard on the left side of his mount , leader scrappy t . recoiling from the blow , the horse veered sharply to his right - - into the path of afleet alex , who was closing with a rush .

danielle’s father , william mason , remembers a young scrappy t “so mean his first trainer slid the feed bowl under the stall because he was so scared of him . ” marshall dowell is the horse’s owner and william mason remembers that “after marshall had him snipped , he became a totally different horse . . . he got his mind off the women . ”

" i ' m gratified . i feel very lucky to be in this position , but at the same time , i can ' t get caught up in the emotions , because i have a job to do , " said the elkton , md . , resident . " if i don ' t sit back and do my job , obviously being the favorite isn ' t going to help . "

on at least one occasion , women were told they couldn’t bring any male “ + 1s” to a party anymore , only more girls .

i couldn’t stress this enough . meeting people while on the job search doesn’t need to be transactional . build the relationship with the person , and something will come of it in the future . everybody has needs , you’d be surprised how quickly you can make yourself a fit .

scrappy t gets a daily workout , fox hunts , takes sundays off , enjoys good hay — “not the crappy stuff , ” said williams — and relishes peppermints . and he isn’t left alone in the fields with the other horses . “he’d just let them beat up on him , he’d get kicked , and he’s a two million dollar horse , ” his handler modestly concedes . the “they” williams refers to are the miniature ponies that stalk the field next to the barn ; and they’re not impressed by track times .

“i think he’s a good guy whose ego got ahead of him , ” said one long time member of teo’s party circle . “ [ when teo heard the allegations against caldbeck ] why didn’t [ teo ] stop and make this a priority ? it just shows you don’t care . ”

while we should hone our design craft , dot all our i’s and cross our t’s , these pixel - perfect mockups should be shown last .

but the what - ifs don ' t diminish the one indelible moment of that season — a horse and rider displaying the courage of champions .

it was a triple crown season of what - ifs . what if afleet alex went down and scrappy t was disqualified ? third - place finisher giacomo might have headed to the belmont with a shot at the triple crown . what if afleet alex had prevailed in the derby ? after all , he followed up his remarkable preakness victory with a thoroughly convincing seven - length win in the belmont .

5 things you didn ' t know about micron technology , inc . @ themotleyfool # stocks $ mu , $ mcd , $ utx , $ intc

it ' s much easier on me too . i don ' t have to hunt for the perfect quotes and transcribe them perfectly for this format .

once kids are old enough , teaching them to want money isn’t hard thanks to advertising . kids learn how awesome money is at a pretty young age .

i’ve written before about how glad i am that i didn’t give up on building proposify in the early days , and my experience is far from unique .

" he hit him one time , " passmore said . " how many horses do you hit left - handed and they don ' t move ? "

" the thing is , he was probably the soundest horse i ' ve ever trained , " said bailes . " i ' ve had a lot of sound horses that couldn ' t run , but i don ' t think i ' ve ever had a sound horse that could run as fast as he could . "

dickhertz , iirc , the owners and trainer agreed with your impression that the horse never fully recovered from the afleet alex incident . i had the chance to visit scrappy and danielle shortly after his retirement . he ' s an awfully handsome horse and very lucky in his connections .

hi l . ! we had herbert t on the trainer listings for a bit but i think he was sold within the track to another trainer to continue racing .

“the fresh perspective sees binary bet on founders that don’t match what teo calls ‘outdated’ patterns — white investors fundings founders in their network that look just like them . ”

my calendar was scary — a lot of meetings which i didn’t even note down , because they happened literally hours after i had scheduled them . flexibility is key .

don’t fret . this could be a legitimate thing . it’s tough to just spitball names off the top of your head . it’s easy to respond in this situation .

i was bugging out . i called him immediately . we had made it through the initial screening and were asked to schedule an interview . we couldn’t believe it .

– the local hope , trained by king t . leatherbury , will ship to pimlico from laurel park on saturday morning . steve hamilton has been named to ride .

in the first days of our businesses , most of us solopreneurs are pretty scrappy , wearing the hats of ceo , intern , graphic designer , writer , and sales rep all at once . but there’s a reason you don’t see tim cook at the genius bar in the apple store or elon musk servicing teslas . to truly become the head of your own company , you need to develop the leadership skills to delegate tasks and inspire your vision in others .

" he ' s going to give it his best if you put him in the water swimming , " said dowell on thursday evening after scrappy ' s work . " but you have to think about the management of his racing career when he is 5 , 6 or 7 . "

this isn’t a how - to article , but rather a knowledge drop of all the things i experienced over the past few months , and everything i’ve learned from those experiences .

lyle mckeany — the man who helped me despite being in the job search himself . he taught me paying it forward doesn’t always have to happen after you “make it . ”

" win , lose or draw , we had finished second in the preakness , " daignault - salvaggio said . " the best part of my whole experience was in that test barn . there we were , two delaware park barns ? – ? every one of us who saw each other day in and day out with two of the greatest horses of our barns ' careers . nobody was more happy for each other . there was just celebration ? – ? our grooms , their grooms . we were hugging , i was petting alex , they were petting scrappy . it wasn ' t like two separate entities that never intertwined . it was the greatest memory of my life . ten years removed from the whole thing , i have the same opinion . scrappy was one helluva horse . "

the momentum was startling . not all of kate ' s fellow models were welcoming , and she partly understood : she didn ' t think she was tall or beautiful enough either . she knew very little about fashion and clothes and had no real sense of style , but she worked hard and you could shoot her from any angle ; not one was bad . kate was enthusiastic , candid and scrappy ; she was not to be bullied and she knew how to be a bitch .

“you have to be the party girl to be surrounded by them , ” said one former member of the group , on the condition of anonymity . “they invite tons of people ,  and then rules start coming out .  . . they don’t want you to be too much of a career girl , because they aren’t fun to hang out with . ”

my friends who work at big companies get driven home in luxury town cars when they work late . entrepreneurs don’t have those luxuries . here’s how mike handled late nights at work .

but the process wasn ' t always easy or straightforward . " for me , the hardest lesson i learned was getting my credit cards ripped up , " he says . " i would charge something and think i would be able to pay it off and then not be able to . i can ' t tell you how many credit cards i had ripped up . "

today , few cities in the country combine economic dynamism with affordability . new trends , meanwhile , demonstrate that while some people are still moving , their reasons aren’t what they used to be .

i had to be self - motivated to work ; i didn’t have a boss calling me if i was late delivering . if i couldn’t do my route for some reason , like if i was sick or had a band practice after school , i had to hire one of my friends or my parents to cover it for me ( and yes , my parents accepted the payment ) .

“i learned that lesson quickly . i didn’t want to waste any time trying to code or figure out how to set up webpages . even though i wasn’t making enough money , ” she explains , “i decided to hire a virtual assistant who specialized in tech development to help me get all of my online properties set up properly . it was like i was buying back my time . ”

" i didn ' t have a car that cost more than $ 200 until i was 25 , i think , " he told money in a recent interview . " it was crazy . "

meet generation impatient : the growing group of 20 - and 30 - somethings who are smart , ambitious , and all - too - eager to quit whatever it is they’re doing right now to get promoted , acquired , or make more money somewhere else . hating your job on day three ? leave and find something better . beta launch didn’t work out ? shut it down and move on . although these individuals come in different forms — from buttoned - up investment bankers to scrappy entrepreneurs — one thing is consistent : they just won’t wait . taking great pride in failing fast and increasingly looking for ways to “hack” their success in the shortest possible time frame , this group tries to exchange predictable linear career growth for an exponential trajectory .

it was baird , though , who’d called sanders and encouraged her to take the job , trusting her at the time to preserve the institution . sanders had been her husband’s chief of staff in the house of representatives and his closest political ally . “she allowed bernie to implement some of his ideas , ” says baird . “he’s a dreamer , and she helped him put those dreams into policies . i don’t know where he’d be without her . ” trustees hired her to do a similar job : midwife to a scrappy sixties - radical school .

read on . i’ll explain to you what i did to combat this and how little it actually affected me later on , because trust me , the rejection definitely didn’t stop to care about my feelings .

what’s the worst that can happen ? most of the time , the worst is something that is not really that bad . the worst for me ? going back home to my parents house in atlanta and living there until i could figure something out . don’t get me wrong . i’m 24 , and don’t want to be living in my parent’s basement . but hey , again , it’s not really that bad .

nine of the 20 fastest growing metropolitan areas in the country are retirement destinations in which deaths outnumber or roughly equal births . to put it grimly , nearly half of america’s fastest growing cities are fueled not by scrappy citizens in search of a better future , but by retirees making one last move to spend their remaining days in a pleasant place .

“more often than not , even though they know it’s a good idea to take the next step with you , they’ll usually talk themselves out of making a commitment : ‘i don’t have the time , i don’t have the money . ’ you have to hold the vision for the person on the other end of the phone to help them overcome their objections , ” she says . “the phone = financial freedom . ”

where we don’t have data ( such as the first version of a feature ) , we still have our users . we constantly reach out to them for feedback and insight . reaching out helps us make decisions on different design hypotheses we may have as a team . and by hearing what they have to say , we can quickly identify what’s working and what isn’t through their tone , body language , and facial expressions .

per equibase herbert t was sold from fingerlakes end ' 08 & headed to puerto rico ( camerero race track ) where he raced 13 times . . . last race being july 20 , 2009 . . . .

" they don’t want you to be too much of a career girl . . . you have to be the party girl . . . " women speak about caldbeck , teo , and binary ' s party culture

you can encourage them to participate in team activities and observe how they interact with other kids . don’t jump in if they have trouble or if another kid is being unfair . let them work it out themselves .

" my horse felt like he was looking around when we came into the stretch , but i wasn ' t expecting him to have any problems , " dominguez said after the race . " when i hit him left - handed , he didn ' t like it and came out unexpectedly . it completely caught me off - guard . . . . it ' s still hard for me to believe he did something like that . "

pando : " they don’t want you to be too much of a career girl . . . you have to be the party girl . . . " women speak about caldbeck , teo , and binary ' s party culture

“ [ teo and caldbeck ] are major connectors , ” the woman added . “your worst fear is [ teo ] won’t call you back… my friends screaming his praises [ on social media ] are afraid they’ll be blacklisted . ”

for those that helped me along the way , because there was a lot of you — know i didn’t forget you . i’m appreciative of everyone who stopped to take the time to listen to me . thank you , sincerely .

i was interested in his thoughts on self publishing / just starting your own publishing company . most wannabe authors i know regard getting a book picked up by an established publishing company as the end goal and treat not being able to do that as failure . i ' m guessing most people aren ' t aware how little of the retail price actually goes to the author or need the validation of having a publishing company tell them their book doesn ' t suck .

“yeah , ” she says , “i guess the treatment the horse gets depends a lot on the trainer , i’ve seen some really nice things and some things that weren’t , but on the whole i think they’re taken care of . ”

“if the job doesn’t deliver in the first month , i’ll know it’s time to start interviewing . ” john , a user - experience designer , spoke fast and looked on edge as he described his four - week career “vision” to me .

i am not saying education isn’t important , or that i’m representing every teacher in every school system in the world . of course , math , english and science are important . of course , plenty of teachers inspire kids to follow their dreams .

" halfway through the shoot , " corinne said , " i realized it wasn ' t fun for her anymore , and that she was no longer my best friend but had become a model . she had realized how beautiful she was . "

boy , was i right . it turns out that he’d made a similar move out to california , with little to no money , and couldn’t have advocated for it more . he constantly referenced it as one of the best decisions of his life .

we met at bravado , the coffee shop right across the street from at & t park . we had a normal conversation , nothing too mind blowing . eusden was great to speak with and promised a few introductions to a few friends of his .

it was up to me to collect payments from customers since the mail star would subtract their cut from my bank account automatically . i got to keep the profit . i needed to do some basic bookkeeping to make sure i wasn’t getting ripped off .

" i ' ve seen more abuse with the stick . he ' s not been known as a big stick jockey . i don ' t see that at all . it ' s the preakness , and he ' s on the lead . "

please keep it clean , turn off caps lock and don ' t threaten anyone . be truthful , nice and proactive . comments cannot be edited or deleted once posted . to flag a comment to the page administrator , click “report” next to that comment .

" i think corinne actually helped kate come to terms with the fact that she wasn ' t like those models , but she wasn ' t not beautiful , " says neil moodie , who got his big break as a hairstylist with corinne in the early ' 90s . " corinne started taking the pictures she did to prove a point , really ; to go , ' well , there ' s beauty in lots of people . it ' s not just one type that should be in a fashion magazine . ' "

“i want to earn as much money as i can in the next five years , then retire . ” i couldn’t help but think that carol was setting herself up for disappointment and sabotaging her own career with an unrealistic plan to scramble up the investment banking industry ladder .

" it ' s just a normal routine to show respect to the starter . they don ' t actually request it , but it ' s a good thing to do to familiarize your horse ( with the gate ) and the assistant starters with your horse , " ritchey said .

i remember seeing a yahoo article about track horses and their demise in pr . it wasn ' t pretty ( photos ) but a better end to those that get shipped for 1000 ' s of miles to mexico ! horses are a luxury especially in an island situation where most things are imported . i ' m sure pr has alot more resources than many of the cariibbean islands but i know sometimes things are in short supply so as sad as it is i ' m sure lots of excess horses to take care of and feed isn ' t high on the priority list

“we don’t feel you are a perfect fit for the [ position ] . that being said , we are rapidly growing and our needs are constantly changing , so please feel free to keep an eye on our careers page and apply to any positions that are of interest to you . ”

i don’t think it’s a coincidence that some of the most successful entrepreneurs were b students who later dropped out of college . as mentioned before , non - college graduate entrepreneurs include mark zuckerberg , steve jobs , bill gates , richard branson , larry ellison , just to name a handful .

" nothing serious , " ritchey said . " it just took a little hair off . we ' ll have to monitor him for three or four days . i ' m concerned about a muscle injury because he was contorted in a way horses aren ' t supposed to be . "

at least some of those women believed the party culture was used as a way of exerting control over them , of taking advantage of a power asymmetry between powerful men in the industry and women who wanted to be part of it but didn’t have a lot of paths to making that happen .

what a steal for them , right ? and all for just $ 15 worth of parking . well , it might have been a steal for them , but i couldn’t have been more grateful . i credit most of my interviews and coffee meetings to this experience , but more on that later .

i’ll cut to the chase . after a few questions , it was very apparent we weren’t going to get through to the next round . we had zero business model , no real working prototype to download or in an app store to show — we made this in one night for pete’s sake .

" i was thin , " kate said , " but that ' s because i was doing shows , working really hard . you ' d get to work in the morning , there was no food . nobody took you out for lunch when i started . " kate spent much of 1993 in tears . this was the same girl who ' d once been told by her mother that life wasn ' t always fun and refused to believe it : " why the fuck not ? why the fuck can ' t i have fun all the time ? " now she was beginning to see .

if my career had turned out like the fantasy i had of what it was going to be , it would never have made me happy . but i couldn & apos ; t have known that until it didn & apos ; t happen . i found a success that is so much bigger and deeper and better , and it & apos ; s because it happened later . if any of what i & apos ; m having happen now—the successes—would have happened to me when i was younger , i would have been ruined . because when you & apos ; re young , and things come super easily to you , and you have success right out of the gate , you & apos ; re liable to think that & apos ; s how it actually works . you start to think you don & apos ; t need to be fully prepared or committed to have these things meet you .

yeah , that quickly dropped to 25 messages a day . i noticed at 50 , the quality of my emails became poor . i wasn’t doing enough research on the person i was emailing beforehand and was essentially using a cookie cutter email template . therefore , my response rate was low . really low .

" he looks like he shipped great , " rose said . " it was a long ride , and we took it easy with him today . he didn ' t even get a bath because it was too chilly . he ' ll gallop thursday morning to get a look at the track . "

i apologize , i have been awol for far too long . after the article came out i connected with danielle on facebook . i have just sent her a quick message with the link here and told her how you all were curious about scrap . she said she would come on over and give you an update ! ! sadly i am unable to fill you in my life at the moment as i am deeply ensconsed in my mother ' s retirement dinner at al , this evening in san francisco . the speech is written but not yet memorized . sadly for today this takes presidence . but danielle should be by soon . and at this point she has him , all i have are memories . but the old threads are out there on google just type ( in quotes ) " scrappy t + xctrygirl " ~ em

now , you have a reason to follow up with a name or two of people they know that might be of interest to you . again , can’t stress this enough — try not to make this transactional . it pays ten fold to maintain relationships . a prime example unfolds later on in my story .

when you own a business , solving problems is a daily activity . customers have problems . employees have problems . computers have problems . you can’t bury your head in the sand , you need to evaluate your options and choose a path to go down , even if it ends up being the wrong direction .

it was an unhappy set . wahlberg spent some downtime tugging his dick while kate rolled her eyes . he made it clear that kate , to him , was nothing special . " i wasn ' t into the waif thing , " he said later . " she kind of looked like my nephew . "

sources have told me how teo would dangle invitations to exclusive parties - packed with investors and other influential people - in front of would - be founders , then subtly place expectations on them if they wanted to stay in the group . who they talk to , who they don’t , how they act , that kind of thing .

the culture at large didn ' t see kate that way . up against the skyscraper supermodels of the ' 80s , their very perfection a comment on american supremacy , a small - boned , flat - chested model like kate moss was heresy . someone her size hadn ' t been seen since twiggy in the ' 60s ; suddenly , kate and calvin klein were accused of promoting anorexia , heroin use , child pornography , and the downfall of western civilization . she was on the sides of buses , kiosks , and pay phones , naked and draped across a velvet sofa in a ramshackle room , " feed me " often scrawled across the ad by protesters .

" he was a bit hard to handle in his earlier years , but as we all get a little longer in the tooth , we settle down , " dowell said . " he truly , truly is an absolute gentleman , a delightful animal . you know , everybody always wants to say ' look what he did for me , now i ' ve got to do this for him . ' well , in scrappy ' s case , you want to keep him and you want to be around him . . . because it ' s about what he does for you now . "

everybody should find something that motivates them to do better than they did yesterday . for me , part of that was alex — the man who lived life to the fullest . it would be an incomplete story without mentioning him . i wouldn’t be half of where i am today without him . miss ya , buddy — this one is for you .

if time pressure isn’t enough to motivate you to complete your task , add rewards upon completion . it could be a walk around the block to get some fresh air , a freshly - brewed cup of coffee , or a box of chocolate . a reward system also helps you find a balance between work and rest , allowing you to accomplish more .

i will admit , until this year , i myself had let this one slide a bit . with 2015’s and 2016’s surge in webinars , online classes , and virtual summits , i’d come to rely exclusively on making sales through digital means . but as sumpter points out , “everyone wants to sell through a website , and websites don’t make money . ”

experience was a major player , and there’s always room for more of it . if you don’t have it , find a way to improvise for it . it may not be through a job , but a side project , cheap contract role , or even just helping out a friend . it can all prove to be valuable down the line . win small .

plan for the immediate future . getting caught up in the uncertainty , i often found myself imagining every possible scenario that could happen . it’s important to understand winning small adds up . plan for the small things on a daily basis to set yourself up for the larger goal . don’t get caught worrying about things out of your control . it does you no good .

this , despite john galliano having chosen kate—who he regarded as his " lolita " — to open his spring / summer 1990 show . kate hadn ' t eaten all day and was terrified ; when the show was over , she went to the after - party and guzzled so much whiskey that she missed her flight the next day . she was hungover and disoriented and intimidated and she loved it . " when i used to come back to croydon and get into our car , which wasn ' t air - conditioned—and a house with no pool—i was like , ' i ' m not staying here forever , ' " she ' d later say . " i never had that feeling of , ' that ' s your lot . ' "

by all accounts , she was succeeding : by 1993 she had been hired to shoot editorials for elle uk and i - d , ads for barneys , and the first miu miu campaign . still , corinne was bitter that calvin klein hadn ' t hired her for the kate campaign . " it was that kate looked like how kate would look when corinne photographed her , " moodie says .

“i’ll give it two weeks . if i don’t sign my first retailer by then , i’ll shut the company down and do something else . ” i had asked sam to lay out his strategy for the new venture he had launched six months earlier . the plan made sense , except that he was trying to cram three months’ worth of important groundwork into a near - impossible 14 - day time frame .

" i think the race will set up well for my horse . i don ' t think you ' ll have a suicide pace like you did in the derby , " he said . " i think the riders will be well aware of the pace they set in the derby . the heads - up riders are certainly going to take back a bit and not be going quite as fast . "

we can’t know if any of teo’s friends agreed to his request , or if all the declarations of love and respect for teo that followed were spontanious and heartfelt . what we do know is that teo’s facebook post was followed almost immediately with a barrage of messages , including several aimed directly at us , complaining at how badly “great guy” teo had been treated . many of those messages came from young women .

“i had a wife and a 3 year old and no savings when i started my company . my wife and i talked and said , ‘what are we going to do ? where are we going to live with no income ? ’ our parents wouldn’t let us back in the house . so we moved to a retirement village . that’s where i lived when i was 24 because it was safe and affordable . ”

when kate was eighteen , she took a meeting with calvin klein on her own , walking into the room in jeans and no makeup while a string of hopeful models—cindy crawford among them—waited in reception . kate flopped down on the floor , and for a moment , the room was still : while klein ' s brand was in crisis , he was nonetheless a legend , and one didn ' t take such an informal tack .

aw excellent interview as always . i gotta ask isn ' t it a little interesting for michalowic to say that you have to love / be completely what your business is ? one could argue that his company investing in a leatherworks company that produces “high performance knife sheaths” may be a little ( at face value of course ) outside of the know of say someone who still has a viper in their driveway . just a thought .

to be absolutely clear , in four days of phone conversations with sources about jonathan teo , i certainly didn ' t hear any stories of the same kind of breathtakingly clumsy sexual harassment that justin caldbeck was involved in . rather , what i heard time and time again is that teo used parties and social events to play a more sophisticated game of “access” with young women who were keen to break into silicon valley ' s inner circles .

it wasn’t until i started working at zurb that i learned the importance of sketching . on my very first project , my design lead told me to deliver 50 opportunity sketches . it was a struggle to get fifty ideas on paper , but i noticed i was able to generate bigger concepts and innovative ideas more quickly . with more practice , the 50 sketches became an easy task , and it is now my favorite part of the design process .

every digital entrepreneur has heard it time and time again : the money is in your email list . “it takes 90 days to attract at least 2 , 400 new people into your audience on an email list , ” says shanda sumpter , a business coach and ceo of heartcore business . “if you haven’t built a list yet and are busy trying to build a website , work on your branding , or create products , then stop ! ” sumpter says .


silhouettia silhouettae is a species of air-breathing land snail , terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusk in the family streptaxidae .

silhouettia silhouettae is the only species within the genus silhouettia .

silhouettia silhouettae

silhouettia silhouettae <EOT> information on silhouettia silhouettae is currently being researched and written and will appear here shortly .

embed this arkive thumbnail link ( " portlet " ) by copying and pasting the code below . < a href = " urltoken " title = " arkive species - silhouettia ( silhouettia silhouettae ) " > < img src = " urltoken " alt = " arkive species - silhouettia ( silhouettia silhouettae ) " title = " arkive species - silhouettia ( silhouettia silhouettae ) " border = " 0 " / > < / a >

embed this arkive thumbnail link ( " portlet " ) by copying and pasting the code below . < a href = " urltoken " title = " arkive photo - < i > silhouettia silhouettae < / i > " > < img src = " urltoken " alt = " arkive photo - < i > silhouettia silhouettae < / i > " title = " arkive photo - < i > silhouettia silhouettae < / i > " border = " 0 " / > < / a >

embed this arkive thumbnail link ( " portlet " ) by copying and pasting the code below . < a href = " urltoken " title = " arkive photo - < i > silhouettia silhouettae < / i > on a leaf " > < img src = " urltoken " alt = " arkive photo - < i > silhouettia silhouettae < / i > on a leaf " title = " arkive photo - < i > silhouettia silhouettae < / i > on a leaf " border = " 0 " / > < / a >

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classified as vulnerable ( vu ) on the iucn red list ( 1 ) .

this information is awaiting authentication by a species expert , and will be updated as soon as possible . if you are able to help please contact : arkive @ urltoken

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team wild , an elite squadron of science superheroes , needs your help ! your mission : protect and conserve the planet’s species and habitats from destruction .

wildscreen is a registered charity in england and wales no . 299450 wildscreen usa is a registered 501 ( c ) ( 3 ) non - profit organisation in the usa

team wild , an elite squadron of science superheroes , needs your help ! your mission : protect and conserve the planetâ€™s species and habitats from destruction .

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thank you for taking the time to provide feedback on the iucn red list of threatened species website , we are grateful for your input .

vulnerable b1ab ( iii ) + 2ab ( iii ) ; d2 ver 3 . 1

this species is assessed as vulnerable because it has a restricted distribution and the habitat within this area is deteriorating . both the eoo and aoo are estimated at 18 km² and it is found in only 10 locations . invasive non - native plant species ( e . g .

) are causing habitat degradation throughout this species ' range . fortunately , it remains abundant to date .

endemic to seychelles islands , this snail species is found only on silhouette island . both its extent of occurrence ( eoo ) and area of occupancy ( aoo ) are estimated to be 18 km² .

this species is restricted to high montane forest , from 300 - 770 m .

) is currently the main threat this snail faces . small - scale wood plantations were a threat in the past .

no conservation measures have been take , though a systematic monitoring scheme is in place . silhouette island should receive legal protection in order to protect threatened habitats , and invasive species must be controlled . research into this species ' life history and ecology would be beneficial .

to make use of this information , please check the < terms of use > .

recommended citation : global invasive species database ( 2018 ) species profile : cinnamomum verum . downloaded from urltoken on 09 - 07 - 2018 .

informations on cinnamomum verum has been recorded for the following locations . click on the name for additional informations .

barthelat , f . 2005 . note sur les esp�ces exotiques envahissantes � mayotte . direction de l�agriculture et de la for�t . 30p summary : tableau synth�tique des plantes exotiques de mayotte class�es en fonction de leur niveau d envahissement .

centre des ressources biologiques . plantes tropicales . inra - cirad . 2007 . summary : available from : urltoken [ accessed 31 march 2008 ]

conservatoire botanique national de mascarin ( boullet v . coord . ) 2007 . - cinnamomum verum index de la flore vasculaire de la r�union ( trach�ophytes ) : statuts , menaces et protections . - version 2007 . 1 summary : base de donn�es sur la flore de la r�union . de nombreuses informations tr�s utiles . available from : urltoken ; = 495dabfd0ca768a3c3abd672079f48b6 [ accessed 26 march 2008 ]

dietz , h . dietz , h . ; wirth , l . r . wirth , l . r . ; buschmann , h . buschmann , h . , 2005 . variation in herbivore damage to invasive and native woody plant species in open forest vegetation on mahe , seychelles ( vol 4 , pg 511 , 2004 ) biological invasions . 7 ( 2 ) . mar 05 . 351 .

fleischmann , karl ; edwards , peter j . ; ramseier , dieter ; kollmann , johannes , 2005 . stand structure , species diversity and regeneration of an endemic palm forest on the seychelles . african journal of ecology . 43 ( 4 ) . dec 2005 . 291 - 301 .

florence j . , chevillotte h . , ollier c . & meyer j . - y . 2007 . cinnamomum verum base de donn�es botaniques nadeaud de l herbier de la polyn�sie fran�aise ( pap ) . summary : available from : urltoken [ accessed 26 march 2008 ]

fournet , j . 2002 . flore illustr�e des phan�rogames de guadeloupe et de martinique . cirad - gondwana editions .

gerlach , justin , 2004 . a 10 - year study of changes in forest vegetation on silhouette island , seychelles . journal for nature conservation ( jena ) . 12 ( 3 ) . 2004 . 149 - 155 .

huber , m . j . , ismail , s . & mougal , j . 2011 . campnosperma seychellarum . in : iucn 2012 . iucn red list of threatened species . version 2012 . 1 summary : available from : urltoken [ accessed 27 march 2012 ]

itis ( integrated taxonomic information system ) , 2008 . online database cinnamomum verum j . presl summary : an online database that provides taxonomic information , common names , synonyms and geographical jurisdiction of a species . in addition links are provided to retrieve biological records and collection information from the global biodiversity information facility ( gbif ) data portal and bioscience articles from bioone journals . available from : urltoken ; _ value = 501529 [ accessed 18 march 2008 ]

kaiser - bunbury , christopher n . ; valentin , terence ; mougal , james ; matatiken , denis ; ghazoul , jaboury . , 2011 . the tolerance of island plant - pollinator networks to alien plants . journal of ecology . 99 ( 1 ) . jan 2011 . 202 - 213 .

kueffer , christoph , 2010 . reduced risk for positive soil - feedback on seedling regeneration by invasive trees on a very nutrient - poor soil in seychelles . biological invasions . 12 ( 1 ) . jan 2010 . 97 - 102 .

kueffer , christoph ; kronauer , lilian ; edwards , peter j . , 2009 . wider spectrum of fruit traits in invasive than native floras may increase the vulnerability of oceanic islands to plant invasions . oikos . 118 ( 9 ) . sep 2009 . 1327 - 1334 .

kueffer , christoph ; schumacher , eva ; dietz , hansjoerg ; fleischmann , karl ; edwards , peter j . , 2010 . managing successional trajectories in alien - dominated , novel ecosystems by facilitating seedling regeneration : a case study . biological conservation . 143 ( 7 ) . jul 2010 . 1792 - 1802 .

kueffer , christoph ; schumacher , eva ; fleischmann , karl ; edwards , peter j . ; dietz , hansjoerg , 2007 . strong below - ground competition shapes tree regeneration in invasive cinnamomum verum forests . journal of ecology . 95 ( 2 ) . mar 2007 . 273 - 282 .

kueffer , c . ; klingler , g . ; zirfass , k . ; schumacher , e . ; edwards , p . j . ; guesewell , s . , 2008 . invasive trees show only weak potential to impact nutrient dynamics in phosphorus - poor tropical forests in the seychelles . functional ecology . 22 ( 2 ) . apr 2008 . 359 - 366 .

mackee , h . s . 1994 . catalogue des plantes introduites et cultiv�es en nouvelle - cal�donie , 2nd edn . mnhn , paris . summary : cet ouvrage liste 1412 taxons ( esp�ces , sous esp�ces et vari�t�s ) introduits en nouvelle - cal�donie . l auteur pr�cise dans la majorit� des cas si l esp�ce est cultiv�e ou naturalis�e .

meyer , j . - y . , loope , l . , sheppard , a . , munzinger , j . , jaffre , t . 2006 . les plantes envahissantes et potentiellement envahissantes dans l archipel n�o - cal�donien : premi�re �valuation et recommandations de gestion . in m . - l . beauvais et al . ( 2006 ) : les esp�ces envahissantes dans l�archipel n�o - cal�donien , paris , ird �ditions , 260 p . + c�d�rom .

schumacher , eva ; kueffer , christoph ; edwards , peter j . ; dietz , hansjoerg , 2009 . influence of light and nutrient conditions on seedling growth of native and invasive trees in the seychelles . biological invasions . 11 ( 8 ) . oct 2009 . 1941 - 1954 .

schumacher , eva ; kueffer , christoph ; tobler , monika ; gmuer , veronika ; edwards , peter j . ; dietz , hansjoerg , 2008 . influence of drought and shade on seedling growth of native and invasive trees in the seychelles . biotropica . 40 ( 5 ) . sep 2008 . 543 - 549 .

vos , p . 2004 . case studies on the status of invasive woody plant species in the western indian ocean . 2 . the comoros archipelago ( union of the comoros and mayotte ) . fao . summary : article de synth�se sur les esp�ces ligneuses envahissantes dans l archipel des comores et � mayotte et les strat�gies de gestion d�velopp�es localement . available from : urltoken ; = 2 [ accessed 20 march 2008 ]

zumbroich , thomas j . zumbroich , thomas j . , 2005 . the introduction of nutmeg ( myristica fragrans houtt . ) and cinnamon ( cinnamomum verum j . presl ) to america . acta botanica venezuelica . 28 ( 1 ) . 2005 . 155 - 160 .

geographic region : pacific , indian ocean ecosystem : terrestrial expert in the botany of french polynesia and the pacific islands , and has worked on ecology and biological control of miconia calvescens in french polynesia .

d�l�gation � la recherche , gouvernement de polyn�sie fran�aise . b . p . 20981 , 98713 papeete , tahiti , polyn�sie fran�aise

the global invasive species database was developed and is managed by the invasive species specialist group ( issg ) of the species survival commission ( ssc ) of the international union for conservation of nature ( iucn ) . it was developed as part of the global initiative on invasive species led by the erstwhile global invasive species programme ( gisp ) in 2000 . the gisd over the past two years and has been redesigned with support from the abu dhabi environment agency , the italian ministry of environment and ispra - the institute for environmental protection and research , italy . terms and conditions of use

streptaxidae are carnivorous except for one species edentulina moreleti , which is herbivorous . all streptaxids have well - developed radula , except careoradula perelegans , which is the only known terrestrial gastropod without radula .

altogether 66 species from the family streptaxidae are listed in the 2010 iucn red list .

the recent native distribution of streptaxidae includes south america , africa , arabia , madagascar , seychelles , mayotte , comores , mauritius , réunion , rodrigues , india , sri lanka , andamans , south - east asia and the philippines . the genus gibbulinella is found in the canary islands .

only the one family , streptaxidae , was recognized within the streptaxida streptaxoidea in the taxonomy of bouchet & rocroi ( 2005 ) .

sutcharit et al . ( 2010 ) have established a new family diapheridae within streptaxoidea and they have added two genera diaphera and sinoennea into diapheridae .

scolodonta doering , 1875 used to be classified within streptaxinae , but scolodonta is the type genus of the family scolodontidae .