lava man ( foaled on march 20 , 2001 in california ) is an american thoroughbred racehorse who was once claimed for $ 50,000 but wound up being inducted into the national museum of racing and hall of fame in 2015 .

in a forty-seven race career , he won seventeen times with his major victories including three hollywood gold cups , two santa anita handicaps and the pacific classic stakes .

lava man

lava man <EOT> lava man’s connections considered sending him to an equine retirement home . but they believed that lava man would be happier at the track .

watching lava man win race after race hasn ' t been easy for him .

for the third straight year , lava man had won the hollywood gold cup .

lava man may be going home to california for the last time . order this photo

there are no days off for lava man , the 2015 hall of fame inductee .

hey , lava man could not win at stockton , or santa rosa , either . that was three summers ago . this summer , it is all about lava man .

lava man was inducted into the national museum of racing’s hall of fame in 2015 .

four races later , lava man won a maiden special weight on the grass at golden gate . four races after that , lava man was 57 - 1 in the snow chief at hollywood park , a race restricted to california - breds . lava man finished last .

lava man retired as the richest horse ever to have been actually claimed during its career .

with his performances on the track , lava man answered that question with a definite no .

o’neill praised steve kenly , one of the partners in std racing , for noticing lava man .

really , what would you expect of lava man ? yes , that lava man - fourth in a maiden race at stockton , beaten by 3 3 / 4 lengths with a 27 beyer .

since his retirement from the track , however , lava man has transitioned into a new career .

" it was a lackluster field , " said doug o ' neill , who trains lava man .

what horse overcomes what lava man overcame last saturday ? it was one of those races you see , but don ' t quite comprehend . lava man really should not have won , but he did .

lava man and corey nakatani winning the 2007 sunshine millions turf . ( blood - horse / benoit )

lava man ' s total of seven grade 1 victories is the highest ever for a california - bred .

back in california , however , blacksmith jimmy jimenez made a special plate for lava man ' s foot .

a month later , he was retired for good . this time , lava man stayed at the track .

during the course of his career , lava man won seven grade 1 races and placed in four more .

lava man’s highest beyer speed figure was a massive 120 , earned for the 2005 hollywood gold cup win .

a lava man first appears in " incendium , " walking through the fire kingdom . notably , finn and jake mention another lava man that is sleeping in their front yard in " prisoners of love " ; however , early storyboards for the episode reveal that it was a different lava man that looked very different . jake also mentions a lava man in " morituri te salutamus " while singing " on a tropical island . "

the goodwood victory was lava man ' s fourth consecutive grade i triumph and seventh straight overall this year .

kenly and wood envision a mixture of stakes on the turf and main track for lava man in 2007 .

though horses often peak at 5 , o ' neill is awed by lava man ' s consistency this year .

hall of fame inductee lava man , right , ponying dual classic winner i ' ll have another in 2012 .

lava man’s three straight wins in the hollywood gold cup equaled the record set by native diver in the 1960s .

after the race , veterinarians worked for an hour to stop the bleeding in lava man ' s right front foot .

still , lava man gave an outstanding performance , finishing 1 1 / 4 miles in 1 : 59 . 63 .

o ' neill says he hopes lava man will become a " poster boy " for stem cell research in thoroughbreds .

but one last time , lava man reminded the world that champion horses can come from anywhere . even with an unfamiliar surface under his feet and dozens of miles of racing behind him , lava man’s courage and determination never wavered . in the final strides , with jockey corey nakatani urging him on , lava man seemed to dig deep and find something extra .

a hawaiian man was filmed swimming in waters near a lava zone , where lava is flowing into the open ocean . aside from the obvious danger , the lava hitting the water is also releasing dangerous amounts of steam and shards of volcanic glass .

lava man is scheduled to move to old friends , near georgetown , ky , on sept . 16 . order this photo

while lava man has been retired from racing for nearly five years , the barn is still grateful to have him around . it is easy to see just how many lives lava man has impacted and how loved he is in his second career .

no matter what happens regarding lava man’s hall of fame hopes , team lava man will always have the gelding’s best interests at heart , and the racing public can be content with the knowledge that “the coach” is undoubtedly enjoying his days at the track .

lava man was named for a triathlon held on the big island of hawaii by co - breeder eve kuhlmann , a triathlete .

lava man plays such a special role in our barn now that he is retired from racing . here ' s his story :

lava man returned to form following two lopsided losses , finishing powerfully to win saturday ' s sunshine millions classic at santa anita .

" i ' m getting hate mail all the time , " says doug o ' neill , lava man ' s trainer .

with his induction into the hall of fame today here is a reprint of lava man ' s story from may 23 , 2012 .

a young man at vureas bay , southern cross in background , vanua lava , banks islands , 1906 / j . w . beattie

o ' neill says the earliest lava man would race , assuming no training complications , would be mid - november at hollywood park .

lava man is also attached to some two - legged friends . during his racing career , lava man bonded closely to his groom noe garcia . when garcia suffered the loss of an arm in a car accident several years ago , his time away from the barn caused lava man’s mood to shift to one of depression until garcia’s return . sabas rivera , the stable’s foreman , was the man tasked with teaching lava man to transition into his new career , and he is apparently the only one that can or is willing to ride him . among both horses and humans , “the coach” evokes healthy respect from all .

lava man takes care of business in his new job as a stable pony . ©2012 jessica morgan . used by permission of jessica morgan .

reaction to news that the venerable lava man is back in training and may race again speaks volumes about the current state of the sport .

a popular horse because of his humble beginnings , lava man often is credited for bringing doug o’neill into the national spotlight as a trainer .

lava man still gets frequent visitors and gifts , and has a special connection with a make - a - wish child named hope hudson .

by all logic , lava man shouldn’t have won … but then again , logic never seemed to apply to lava man . as the crowd cheered and racing fans watched in amazement , lava man and a . p . xcellent crossed the finish line together with almost nothing between them . the finish was too close to call for many , but not for nakatani ; moments after the wire , he raised his whip in triumph .

strapped for money , arterburn ran lava man in a $ 50 , 000 claiming race at del mar ( calif . ) racetrack in august 2004 . steve kenly liked what he saw in lava man ' s second - place showing and persuaded the ownership group to pay the claiming price .

lava man won the gold cup by a record 8 3 / 4 lengths , the widest winning margin in the 66 - year history of the race . lava man was always close to the front , stalking the pacesetter , congrats , to the top of the stretch before drawing off .

last summer at del mar , wood and the father - son team of david and steve kenley claimed lava man for $ 50 , 000 .

who knew ? certainly , lava man ' s trainer doug o ' neill could not have known . nor could owners std racing and jason wood . they went in for $ 50 , 000 to claim lava man out of a del mar grass race on aug . 13 , 2004 .

beattie , j . w . a young man at vureas bay , southern cross in background , vanua lava , banks islands , 1906 . urltoken

lava man had a blend of talent and versatility that comes along very rarely ; some might argue there has never been a horse with a greater combination of both than lava man . in the united states , horse racing is conducted over dirt , grass , and synthetic tracks , and lava man is the only horse in history to win grade 1 races on all three surfaces . he was so naturally fast that he frequently set the pace in his races , but if another horse wanted the early lead , lava man was perfectly content to take back and rally in the stretch .

in 2006 , lava man became the first horse since vanlandingham in 1985 to win grade i stakes on both dirt and turf in the same year .

lava man ' s 2007 hollywood gold cup win made him the first horse ever to win grade i races on dirt , turf and synthetic surfaces .

lava man was guided to most of his major wins by jockey corey nakatani , but was ridden by a total of 13 jockeys during his career .

while i’ll have another was the one racing for history during that time period , lava man was a worthy challenger to the kentucky derby and preakness winner in terms of popularity . lava man was one of the first thoroughbreds to be seen on twitter and sanders credits that as part of his appeal .

lava man won three hollywood gold cups - - only native diver had done that - - as well as two santa anita handicaps and a pacific classic . when lava man won the big ' cap and the hollywood gold cup in 2006 , it was the first time that double had been achieved since affirmed did it in 1979 . then , when he completed the triple by winning the pacific classic at del mar , lava man had established a first .

bernardini is the even - money , early - line favorite , but lava man , the 6 - 1 third choice , will have plenty of backers .

lava man had three wins , four seconds and a third in 13 starts under arterburn ' s training , and he ran his best races on grass .

lava man was claimed by o’neill after finishing second in a race at del mar in august 2004 . he returned to the track for his new owners a month later with a victory in the fairplex park derby trial . lava man ran four more times that year , finishing second three times and third once .

the attention lava man gets during his public appearances lets him keep the ego he developed when racing , and that is still evident to those around him .

when the lava stops , quickly draw around the flow edge with a pencil .

you only feel the heat when you’re very close or if the wind is blowing over the lava towards you . in some places collecting lava is easy . …

lava man was winless in his five starts outside of california , which made his induction to the hall of fame even more of a surprise for steve kenly .

for the 2006 edition , lava man came in as the defending champion , and the heavy favorite , but this one turned out to be anything but easy .

back in california , arterburn will be among lava man ' s rooters saturday . after all , he and his partners have collected almost $ 350 , 000 , based on lava man ' s earnings , from the california thoroughbred breeders association , which has an incentive program that rewards breeders of california - bred horses for top - three finishes throughout a horse ' s career . lava man also made them close to $ 100 , 000 before he was claimed for $ 50 , 000 .

but even with his social media presence and i’ll have another’s retirement , lava man still has to work . from the time the first set of racehorses from o’neill’s barn hits the track until 10 a . m . , lava man " coaches " the racehorses on the track before a bath and being walked to cool down .

o ' neill heard about it and thought it was nice , because if this worked it would improve lava man ' s comfort around the retirement farm . then he got the word about three months ago that lava man was doing some light galloping . the reports were amazing . herthel told o ' neill that , were lava man to return to racing he ' d have the strongest bones of any of the horses . finally , about a month ago , o ' neill went north .

that ' s all changed . in september , they spent $ 480 , 000 on eight yearlings at keeneland , money from lava man ' s unlikely success story .

in 46 starts , lava man ' s in - the - money record was 17 - 8 - 5 . his winnings were $ 5 , 268 , 706 .

lava man showed the way on the racetrack , too . from september 2004 , when he won the derby trial stakes at fairplex park in his first start after being claimed for $ 50 , 000 , to the end of his career in december 2009 , lava man made 34 starts , and won 14 races , including 13 stakes .

this year , lava man ' s form took a turn for the worse in his first few starts . he lost three stakes before o ' neill added blinkers and dropped him into an optional claimer in may , risking him for $ 100 , 000 . lava man won and was not claimed , but the experience rattled steve kenley .

a few more highlights awaited in 2007 . after winning the sunshine millions turf and a second straight edition of the santa anita handicap , lava man shipped to dubai and finished last in the dubai duty free . another defeat followed in the whittingham memorial , and lava man seemed to be slowing down . as the hollywood gold cup approached , there were surely questions as lava man prepared for a historic third straight victory in the prestigious race . the 2007 hollywood gold cup would be run on a synthetic track and , as versatile as lava man had been , the question was could he handle the new surface at a point in his career when he seemed to be declining ?

sanders relayed a particularly interesting situation that has become a part of lava man’s repertoire : “one of his favorite tricks is deciding when he will come back in for his bath after ponying horses . sometimes we feel sorry for whichever hotwalker has him ; there have been many standoffs , with lava man winning eight times out of ten . ”

lava man is back training at hollywood park . just 11 days ago , he turned three furlongs in 36 seconds flat , faster than any other horse on the track that day . friday morning , according to steve kenly , lava man " worked slower , worked longer , galloped like he did when he was at his best . "

the answer , sadly for him , was yes . on august 13 , lava man was back at del mar , this time for a $ 50 , 000 tag .

lava man earned nine triple - digit beyer speed figures during his career , including a career high of 120 for the 2005 hollywood gold cup ( usa - i ) .

he also says that any setback , even a small one , will end this grand experiment and send lava man back to the farm . he is so concerned about public perception that he says any of his training winnings from lava man will be donated to carma , a charity that helps pay for horses ' care once they are retired .

lava man’s warranted confidence has certainly come in handy in his new career as a pony for younger horses . among those youngsters , kentucky derby and preakness stakes winner i’ll have another was one lava man immediately connected with it , but he apparently didn’t mesh well with goldencents . “you never really know why they do or don’t get along well with one horse over another , ” sanders mused . “for the most part lava man has the respect of his pupils , but right now he doesn’t really have a favorite . ”

lava man never showed his greatness outside of california . for one reason or another he ran poorly in all his forays outside the golden state . but he still was the king of california . he still was a racing treasure . he still was a legend . in short , he still was lava man . and that’s enough in anyone’s lifetime .

that summer , lava man won the grade 1 pacific classic at del mar , one of the finest performances of his career . “that was goose bumps , ” o’neill said .

the victory has given lava man a temporary position at the top of the california handicap division , at least until santa anita handicap winner rock hard ten returns in the fall .

lava man , a two - time winner of the hollywood gold cup and a horse closing in on $ 3 million in earnings , got off to a famously slow beginning .

a young man at vureas bay , southern cross in background , vanua lava , banks islands , 1906 / j . w . beat . . . | national library of australia

had lava man won the bc classic in november , he probably would have been horse of the year . but he launched another campaign with an emphatic stakes win on saturday .

that all changed in early 2005 , however . lava man hit the skids in his first three races , finishing seventh , fifth and sixth . at o ' neill ' s urging but against steve kenly ' s wishes , the partnership put lava man in a $ 100 , 000 claiming race at hollywood park in may . he won but went unclaimed .

lava man’s halters and shoes have been sold at auction to benefit multiple aftercare programs , and the barn helps with events that promote the retirement of ex - racehorses . lava man also has taken his turn as a racehorse - turned - showhorse , competing in a 2013 show for off - track thoroughbreds , and winning all the classes in which he competed .

according to o’neill , no decision on where lava man turns up next will be made for several weeks , but he’s sure it will be in the california - bred’s home state .

lava man is the subject of a dvd biography that was given away to fans at hollywood park in december 2007 . narrated by jim forbes ( whose other credits include vh1 ' s

steve kenly , however , persisted and finally persuaded the group to claim lava man a month later , after his runner - up showing in the $ 50 , 000 claiming race .

lava man will have a chance for a third consecutive major stakes win in the $ 1 million pacific classic at 1 1 / 4 miles at del mar on aug . 21 .

few such stories can compare with that of the remarkable gelding lava man , who went from claimer to hall of famer to dominate california horse racing for much of three unforgettable years .

after escorting horses to the track , retired racing great lava man is turned loose for a few minutes to grab a bite to eat in doug o ' neill ' s barn .

beattie , j . w . a young man at vureas bay , southern cross in background , vanua lava , banks islands , 1906 / j . w . beattie < urltoken >

lava man still looks fit with a well - dappled gleaming bay coat . after retiring in january 2010 , he began the career transition with the help of stable foreman sabas rivera .

every so often , the old competitive juices flow . lava man started to act up during the post parade for the santa anita derby , having a flashback to when he raced .

whenever you have a star in the barn , owners are more likely to bring you their horses to train . so lava man has been significant in the career development of doug .

of course , hudson isn’t lava man’s only admirer . the barn has been told about fans who’ve gone to extreme lengths to make sure they wouldn’t miss a race during his career .

both cited the desire to make lava man a rare repeat winner of the big cap as a reason to point for the richest race of the santa anita winter - spring meeting .

but the lure of the $ 5 million dubai duty free on turf on march 31 remains very much on their minds , and lava man could run there after the big cap .

suddenly , it seemed like the light had gone on . with 23 starts under his belt , lava man was at the point where the talent level of most racehorses is readily apparent , but lava man wasn’t like most horses . perhaps some considered his win in the californian a fluke , but that was far from the case . instead , lava man came back even better in the 1 ¼ - mile , grade 1 hollywood gold cup , which he won by a stunning 8 ¾ lengths in the brilliant time of 1 : 59 . 63 .

death is forced to retire in reaper man , but this also doesn ' t stick .

lava man’s incredible talent , however , wasn’t obvious from the start . as a son of slew city slew out of a mare by nostalgia’s star , the california - bred lava man didn’t have the most fashionable pedigree , which may have been one reason why he started his career in a 4 ½ - furlong , $ 12 , 500 maiden claiming race at stockton , a county fair track in california . sent off at odds of 35 . 50 - 1 , lava man trailed the field early on before rallying to finish fourth , beaten by 3 ¾ lengths . it was an inauspicious beginning , and his next two starts—a third and a fifth in similar maiden claiming races—did little to dispel the notion that lava man was nothing special .

long before lava man became one of the best horses in america , he was trained in northern california by lonnie arterburn , who bred and owned him in partnership with veterinarian kim kuhlmann .

lava man is closing in on $ 3 million in earnings . the only thing left for him to prove is whether he can win somewhere other than in california . the horse was beaten by 45 1 / 2 lengths in the 2005 jockey club gold cup at belmont park . in his next race , the japan cup , lava man lost by 17 1 / 2 lengths .

coast near vureas bay at vanua lava , banks islands , 1906 / j . w . beattie

sunset over vureas bay , vanua lava , banks islands , 1906 / j . w . beattie

even though lava man remains quite aloof and difficult to handle , his affection can be bought with treats ! the fan favorite is regularly visited and showered with gifts by his loyal following . in addition to his typical gifts of cards and cookies , lava man once received an entire box of stories , poems , and drawings of which he was the focus from a class of fifth grade students . the gelding even has a large following on social media . “oftentimes a photo or status update about lava man or from lava himself will generate tens of thousands of views , ” sanders described . “we are very happy that the racing public has not forgotten the champ ! ”

lava man returned to the track january 28 , won the sunshine millions classic at santa anita — " i could hardly talk , " dave kenly said — and hasn ' t lost since .

at the age of 14 , lava man thrives on activity . he is a pony for longtime trainer doug o’neill at los alamitos , guiding the stable’s young horses to and from the track .

lava man won his first major stakes in the grade 2 californian stakes at 1 1 / 8 miles on june 18 , but the win in the gold cup left o ' neill stunned .

lava man led all the way under corey nakatani , accelerating at the top of the stretch to pull away and win by 2¼ lengths over brother derek , who was undefeated at santa anita .

kenly realizes that an unsuccessful trip to the other side of the world could foil the rest of the 2007 campaign for lava man , forcing him and his owners to regroup in the summer .

as lava man developed into a grade i winner and then a legend , becoming the first horse to sweep the grade i santa anita handicap , hollywood gold cup , and pacific classic in the same year , arterburn became more distressed over his misfortune . now he’s had to watch lava man make more history by emulating native diver’s feat of winning three consecutive runnings of the hollywood gold cup .

lava man , a son of slew city slew – li’l ms . leonard , by nostalgia’s star , had previously been trained by lonnie arterburn , who also was the horse’s co - owner and co - breeder . it was steve kenly who had o’neill claim lava man . kenly raced the horse under the name std stable , along with his parents dave and tracey , and partner jason wood .

steve kenly broke out the new lava man caps at the goodwood . they didn ' t go unnoticed at the track . fans cheered him everywhere he went , then rooted the horse to victory .

that ' s lava man ' s next order of business — proving to skeptics in the east that he can win outside his home state . he ' s winless in three starts outside california .

breeders ' cup hopeful lava man , shown with groom albert zumaya during bathtime oct . 30 in louisville , is one of the favorites in the $ 5 million classic at churchill downs on saturday .

lava man was retired after a series of losses in the summer of 2008 , and was sent to magali farms in santa ynez , calif . within a year , he was back at the track and in training . despite criticism that lava man had done enough , he made one additional start , finishing last of seven in the grade 2 san gabriel handicap at santa anita in december 2009 .

lava man was named the 2005 california - bred horse of the year in voting by the california thoroughbred breeders association , it was announced at the ctba ' s annual awards dinner feb . 7 .

southern cross ( ship ) - - photographs . | ni - vanuatu - - vanuatu - - vanua lava - - photographs . | young men - - vanuatu - - vanua lava - - photographs . | boats and boating in missionary work - - vanuatu - - vanua lava - - photographs . | veutümboso bay ( vanuatu ) - - photographs . | vanua lava ( vanuatu ) - - photographs .

the racing world has certainly not forgotten lava man , and if all goes well on april 20 , 2015 , the gelding could officially be installed into the annals of horse racing’s hall of fame . announced in march , lava man is one of the four finalists for induction into the national museum of racing and hall of fame . while black tie affair , xtra heat , and kona gold are also excellent contenders for induction , lava man still holds a solid grip on the hearts of racing fans , and his initiation into racing’s highest honor would simply be the cherry on top of a fantastic career .

last fall , kenly was looking for an appropriate slogan for lava man . he inadvertently came up with a perfect one when he said about owning a horse like this : “we’re having a blast . ”

std racing and jason wood’s grade i - winning multi - millionaire lava man is scheduled to return to his hollywood park base from his unsuccessful trip to dubai late wednesday night , trainer doug o’neill said .

lava man ( usa ) march 20 , 2001 – living slew city slew ( usa ) x li ' l ms . leonard ( usa ) , by nostalgias star ( usa ) family 8 - k

in 2013 , lava man made his debut as a show horse at the thoroughbred classic horse show held at the rancho mission viejo riding park . he won all three classes in which he was entered .

for her permission to use her pictures of lava man . please do not copy or distribute these photos without her permission . if you would like to contact her , send me at e - mail at

he is already two - thirds of the way there . lava man won the santa anita handicap by three - quarters of a length on march 4 . he was fortunate to prevail by a nose in the hollywood gold cup on july 8 . lava man is unbeaten in five starts this year , including three grade 1 stakes , while racking up more than $ 1 . 8 million in purse money .

lava man , who was vanned off the track following a third - place finish in sunday ' s pacific classic ( gr . i ) at del mar , was reported in good shape monday morning .

hudson’s wish was to meet lava man , something she was able to do during kentucky derby week in 2012 . that encounter has turned into a lasting relationship between the girl’s family and the o’neill barn .

kenly , who had been looking specifically for 3 - year - old cal - breds , because of the state’s lucrative program , had his eye on several horses and lava man was one of them .

but the racing life is in lava man’s blood , and he can still be seen at racetracks in california , where he serves as a stable pony for o’neill . in 2012 , he was back in the headlines again as he accompanied i’ll have another through a campaign that included victories in the kentucky derby and preakness stakes . for a horse like lava man , it’s hard to picture a more fitting ending .

with one good local prep under his girth , lava man was ready for another defense in the gold cup . the fans and bettors who bet him down to 7 - 5 in the field of nine had no way of knowing that this would turn out to be his last career victory , but they were treated to something special on this afternoon . it was lava man at his gritty , determined best .

lava man came back into the limelight in 2012 as the regular lead pony for that year ' s kentucky derby / preakness stakes winner i ' ll have another , also trained by doug o ' neill .

in his first start for his new connections , lava man returned to dirt and won the derby trial stakes at fairplex park , taking command in the homestretch and pulling away to win decisively . three more solid performances in stakes races followed before lava man took a big step up in class and tackled the seven - eighths of a mile , grade 1 malibu stakes at santa anita park . lava man had never run in a graded stakes race , let alone a grade 1 , but outperformed the expectations of most racing fans when he rallied to finish second , beaten by just a half - length by rock hard ten .

beattie , j . w . n . d . , a young man at vureas bay , southern cross in background , vanua lava , banks islands , 1906 / j . w . beattie < urltoken >

lava man easily put away his california competition in the $ 500 , 000 goodwood breeders ' cup handicap yesterday at santa anita . now he ' s ready for a showdown with his vaunted east coast rivals .

lava man ( $ 3 . 20 ) covered 1 1 / 8 miles in 1 : 48 . 15 . giacomo , the 50 - 1 winner of last year ' s kentucky derby , finished third .

vureas bay at st . peters , vanua lava , banks islands , 1906 / j . w . beattie

as a 2 - year - old , lava man made his career debut in june 2003 in a $ 12 , 500 maiden claiming race at the san joaquin county fair in stockton , calif . , by finishing fourth at odds of 36 - 1 . lava man finally broke his maiden in his fifth career start , winning a maiden special weight at bay meadows in his final race as a 2 - year - old .

the racing world has certainly not forgotten lava man , and if all goes well on april 20 , 2015 , the gelding could officially be installed into the annals of horse racing’s hall of fame . photo : benoit

in the bc classic , lava man will face bernardini , a 3 - year - old who won his sixth in a row yesterday , in the $ 750 , 000 jockey club gold cup at belmont park .

lava man won his next two races , including $ 450 , 000 with his eye - popping 8 3 / 4 - length victory in the hollywood gold cup . his win was so impressive that a representative for sheik mohammed bin rashid al maktoum , the owner of bernardini , the ruler of dubai and a horseman who spent $ 60 million at the keeneland sales in september , offered $ 1 . 5 million for lava man .

he was scheduled to be sent to old friends in kentucky to enjoy a peaceful life in a pasture , but lava man didn’t seem to care for this lifestyle , and after receiving stem cell therapy that healed his ankles , lava man was put back into training . he thrived with his return to a daily schedule of exercise and made a brief comeback , finishing last in the 2009 san gabriel handicap before being retired for good .

the events of captain america civil war brings iron man and hawkeye out of retirement to help the avengers .

for the kenly family , the trip to lava man’s induction will be their first to the historic racing town of saratoga springs , n . y . “we have no idea what to expect , ” steve kenly said .

the summertime retirement of lava man left a void in this division . then again , replacing a horse that rose from claiming ranks to win seven grade 1 races in his career is difficult for any regional breeding industry .

ok , obviously i did not make that earth background , i got it from google urltoken this is the cover art for my lava man series on da . it will also be the index to all parts of the series and will put facts about lava man in the description every now and then , so check it out for some ! index : page 1 : [ link ] page 2 : [ link ] page 3 : [ link ] page 4 : [ link ] page 5 : [ link ] page 6 : [ link ] page 7 : [ link ] page 8 : [ link ] page 9 : [ link ] page 10 : [ link ] page 11 : [ link ] page 12 : [ link ] page 13 : [ link ] page 14 : [ link ] page 15 : [ link ] page 16 : [ link ] fun fact ! : lava man was originally an idea for a video game called " lava man vs . the grim reaper " i thought of lava man ( inspired by the lava suit on the video game " vexx " ) and my little bro ( jackeduppanda [ link ] ) thought of the grim reaper . " how original . " lol

as best you can , use a thin layer of play dough to cover the entire area where lava flowed .

a jubilant michael blowen announced thursday that lava man , one of the great geldings of all time , is scheduled to arrive at old friends on sept . 16 , where he will live out the rest of his days .

lava man , ridden by corey nakatani , puts the field away en route to winning the grade ii $ 500 , 000 goodwood breeders ' cup handicap horse race oct . 7 at santa anita park in arcadia , calif .

lava man certainly seems to be happiest at the track with a routine and being surrounded by “his” people . in fact , attempts to retire the gelding to pasture life have been less than appealing to lava man . “once at a layup farm , while he was still in racing , he ran up and down the fence line checking out the horses on the training track , ” sanders supplied . “he wanted to be part of the action . ”

after undergoing stem - cell therapy during what had been billed as a retirement , lava man attempted a comeback in december 2009 . however , after finishing seventh in that comeback race , he was retired from racing for good .

in 2006 , lava man became the first horse to sweep the three major dirt stakes for older horses in southern california in the same year - the big cap , hollywood gold cup , and pacific classic at del mar .

breeders cup classic hopeful lava man tries to bite his groom noe garcia after an early morning workout at churchill downs in louisville , kentucky , october 31 2006 . trainer doug o ' neill is preparing his horse . . . more

“all credit goes to steve kenly . he picked him out and really liked him , ” o’neill said . “he was looking for a nice cal - bred at the time and lava man was that and so much more . ”

lava man did not start his career on the other side of the tracks . he started his career in a place where there are no tracks . apparently , the horse needed a change of venue and a bit more distance .

last saturday , nearly 27 months after his first visit to hollywood park , lava man was 3 - 5 in the grade 1 hollywood gold cup . this is about as close to seabiscuit as this sport has seen since seabiscuit .

claimed for $ 50 , 000 in the summer of 2004 , lava man earned $ 550 , 000 for owners jason wood and steve and david kenly and now has earned more than $ 1 . 5 million in his career .

on aug . 13 , 2004 , doug o’neill put in a $ 50 , 000 claim on a gelding named lava man for std racing and jason wood . what happened over the next five years became a real life fairytale .

when transitioning from racehorse to pony , lava man learned where the barn stored the grain and would help himself to it every morning . but as the barn quickly found out , the routine made him return to his racehorse roots .

kenly said , “michael called us about retiring lava man , and he was just so energetic and excited . i didn’t think there was that much interest in the horse outside of the west coast , and michael just said , ‘are you kidding me ? ’ we’re not blue - blood , we’re not the uber - wealthy . lava man is a small guy’s horse and michael is a small - guy’s farm , so we thought it was a perfect fit . ”

lava man retired with a record of 17 wins , 8 seconds , and 5 thirds from 47 starts , with earnings of $ 5 , 268 , 706 , the fourth - highest total ever accumulated by a california - bred horse .

lava man first caught steve kenly ' s eye when he ran for a $ 62 , 500 tag in july 2004 at del mar . kenly wanted to claim lava man at the time but got what he called a " chilly " reception from his father , stepmother tracy , wood and trainer doug o ' neill . none was sold on the horse ' s sixth - place finish and modest record of three wins and $ 98 , 000 in earnings in 12 races .

because i’ll be away in kentucky until late next week , and with the announcement that lava man will be going to old friends , i’m putting this look back at the lava man story ( from last year ) on here , in good part just to get this latest curlin vs . big brown feud off . just the mere mention of either of them in any context turns the blog into the blob – a creature that keeps growing and consumes everything in its path .

lava man finished sixth in the race , but had a ton of trouble , getting squeezed and trapped between horses . kenly remembered that and stored it in the back of his head in case the horse showed up again for a price .

what if , when the opportunity arose to re - claim lava man , arterburn hadn ' t been in the midst of a career move that saw him buy a farm in ocala , fla . , and move there with his family ?

inglewood , calif . - when lava man walked into the starting gate at 6 - 1 for saturday ' s $ 750 , 000 , co - owner jason wood shrugged and thought to himself that the gelding just cannot earn any respect .

in addition to his typical gifts of cards and cookies , lava man once received an entire box of stories , poems , and drawings of which he was the focus from a class of fifth grade students . photo : doug o’neill racing stable

before his third attempt in the gold cup , lava man would have another unsuccessful sojourn , this time for the rich dubai world cup . the story of this wonderful horse is not complete without the telling of his fondness for california racing .

unlike his first two hollywood gold cup wins , this one came on their new synthetic racing surface . the legend of lava man deservedly grows , when you consider that he was a grade 1 winner on dirt , turf , and synthetic .

" the message to the fans is two things , " o ' neill says . " first , nobody is doing this for the money . and second , lava man is being monitored daily by the top people in the business . "

arterburn arranged for the breeding that produced lava man by sending a mare that he had claimed , li ' l miss leonard , to kentucky in 1998 . the sire was slew city slew , a son of 1977 triple crown winner seattle slew .

lava man won seven grade 1 races , ending his career with earnings of $ 5 , 268 , 706 . he earned $ 5 , 170 , 103 for owners steve , tracy , and david kenly and jason wood after they claimed him .

lava man’s apparent intelligence and confidence have also provided for some interesting situations around the barn . as an “old soul , ” he watches everything around him , and the now fourteen - year - old gelding has developed a mind of his own .

is out of the nostalgia ' s star mare li ' l ms . leonard and was bred by lonnie arterburn , eve kuhlmann and kim kuhlmann . steve , tracy and david kenly ' s std racing stable and jason wood own lava man .

lava man followed up his maiden win with a starter allowance victory , but lost his next four starts before winning an allowance race on the grass at bay meadows by a nose . arterburn had removed his blinkers for the race , and lava man showed tremendous courage to win after a stretch - long duel . it was that same tenacity and courage under fire that would enable to him to win back - to - back gut - wrenchers in the hollywood gold cup ( gr . i ) .

lava man was foaled in california in 2001 and began his racing career with a fourth - place finish in a $ 12 , 500 maiden - claiming event for 2 - year - olds at the san joaquin county fair on june 19 , 2003 .

every single one of his career victories came in his home state . for whatever reason , lava man never ran his best outside california , going a non - threatening 0 - for - 4 in new york , tokyo , louisville , and dubai .

it turns out that he - man didn ' t really hurt anybody , and the whole incident was a batman gambit ( and evil plan of the week ) that skeletor devised to demoralize he - man and trick him into giving up his powers .

with lava man all the rage again , we thought this would be a good time to reprint a column we wrote back on sept . 6 , 2008 , telling the story of one of the greatest claims in racing history , if not the greatest .

“what an amazing honor , ” trainer doug o’neill said of lava man being elected to the hall of fame . “he’s family to me and to everyone connected with him . you are lucky if you get a horse like this once in a lifetime . ”

since being claimed , lava man has won four races , including the derby trial stakes at fairplex park last september . he was second in the california cup classic , on trust stakes , and grade 1 malibu stakes in his final three starts of 2004 .

lava man is an 8 - year - old gelding . in his prime , he acquired cult status reserved for the likes of john henry and cigar , older horses who stuck around long enough to win lots of races and build a large fan base .

steve kenly says , " every workout , we got closer . we put it out there for lava man to tell us , and he kept passing tests . everybody was reluctant at first . now , after seeing him , everybody is on board . "

" lava man was key in bringing the o’neill barn to the minds of racing fans , and certainly accomplished a great deal in his time as a racehorse , " said sharla sanders , operations manager for doug o’neill racing stable . " people connected with his ‘blue collar’ beginnings and followed his career with enthusiasm . lava man gave 100 percent all the time , even when he shipped out of state or the country . he never duplicated the same success outside of [ california ] , which is too bad because we feel that he should be considered for the racing hall of fame . whenever you have a star in the barn , owners are more likely to bring you their horses to train . so lava man has been significant in the career development of doug . "

the original lava man was supposed to appear in " prisoners of love , " but was cut from the final version . nonetheless , he is mentioned to be sleeping outside the tree fort , forcing finn and jake to seek relief in the ice kingdom .

trained by doug o ' neill , lava man has never won a stakes outside of california , losing such races as the jockey club gold cup and japan cup dirt in 2005 and finishing seventh in the breeders ' cup classic last november at churchill downs .

since being claimed for $ 50 , 000 in august 2004 , lava man has won 10 stakes in california for wood and the kenly family ' s std racing . that record makes staying home for the big cap an easy decision , steve kenly said .


ditropis is a genus of land snails with opercula , terrestrial gastropods in the family cyclophoridae .

there is also a hemipteran genus ditropis , homonym of stiroma fieber 1866 , belonging to the family delphacidae .

ditropis

ditropis <EOT> ilia gjonov marked " ditropis pteridis " as trusted on the " ditropis pteridis " page .

no one has contributed data records for ditropis yet . learn how to contribute .

worms - world register of marine species - ditropis w . t . blanford , 1869

yan wong changed the thumbnail image of " file : lamna ditropis . jpg " .

kento furui added the japanese common name " ネズミザメ " to " lamna ditropis hubbs and follett , 1947 " .

species ditropis ingenua o . boettger , 1891 accepted as ditropopsis ingenua ( o . boettger , 1891 ) ( original combination )

species ditropis moellendorffi o . boettger , 1891 accepted as ditropopsis moellendorffi ( o . boettger , 1891 ) ( original combination )

species ditropis spiralis o . boettger , 1891 accepted as ditropopsis spiralis ( o . boettger , 1891 ) ( original combination )

dana campbell set " file : salmon shark afsc . jpg " as an exemplar on " lamna ditropis hubbs and follett , 1947 " .

dana campbell marked " file : salmon shark afsc . jpg " as trusted on the " lamna ditropis hubbs and follett , 1947 " page .

dana campbell marked " file : salmon shark fetus . jpg " as trusted on the " lamna ditropis hubbs and follett , 1947 " page .

anderson , scot d . , and kenneth j . goldman . 2001 . temperature measurements from salmon sharks , lamna ditropis , in alskan waters . copeia , 2001 ( 3 ) : 794 - 796 .

goldman , k . , j . musick . 2008 . the biology and ecology of the salmon shark , lamna ditropis . pp . 95 - 104 in m camhi , e pikitch , e babcock , eds .

to cite this page : lupton , e . ; a . mendoza and b . razavinematollahi 2012 . " lamna ditropis " ( on - line ) , animal diversity web . accessed july 09 , 2018 at urltoken

blagoderov , a . i . 1994 . seasonal distribution and some notes on the biology of salmon shark ( lamna ditropis ) in the northwestern pacific ocean . j . ichthyol . , 34 ( 2 ) : 115 - 121 .

smith , r . l . , and d . rhodes . 1983 . body temperature of the salmon shark , lamna ditropis . j . mar . biol . assn . u . k . , 63 : 243 - 244 .

nakaya , kazuhiro . 1971 . descriptive notes on a porbeagle , lamna nasus , from argentine waters , compared with the north pacific salmon shark , lamna ditropis . bull . fac . fish . hokkaido univ , 21 : 269 - 279 .

nagasawa , kazuya . 1998 . predation by salmon sharks ( lamna ditropis ) on pacific salmon ( oncorhynchus spp . ) in the north pacific ocean . n . pac . anadr . fish comm . bull . , 1 : 419 - 433 .

paust , brian , and ronald smith . 1986 . salmon shark manual : the development of a commercial salmon shark , lamna ditropis , fishery in the north pacific . alaska sea grant report 86 - 01 . university of alaska , fairbanks . 430 pp .

nakaya , k . , 1971 . descriptive notes on a porbeable , lamna nasus , from argentine waters , compared with the north pacific salmon shark , lamna ditropis . bull . fac . fish . hokkaido univ . , 21 ( 4 ) : 269 - 79

the salmon shark , lamna ditropis , was first described by hubbs and follett in 1947 . the genus name lamna is translated from greek " lamna , - es " as a voracious fish . the species name ditropis is from the greek " di " meaning two , and " tropis " meaning keel . prior to 1947 , salmon sharks were thought to be porbeagle sharks , lamna nasus ( then lamna cornubica ) . although these species are closely related , their ranges do not overlap . salmon sharks are a pacific species , and porbeagles are an atlantic species .

tribuzio , c . 2004 . " an investigation of the reproductive physiology of two north pacific shark species : spiny dogfish ( squalus acanthias ) and salmon shark ( lamna ditropis ) " ( on - line pdf ) . school of aquatic and fishery sciences . accessed november 09 , 2011 at urltoken .

lamna ditropis hubbs and follett , 1947 . holotype , museum of comparative zoology , harvard university , mcz - 36471 , adult male ( partial specimen , size uncertain ) ; type locality , la jolla , california , 92 to 107m off the la jolla beach club in shallow water . copeia 1947 ( 3 ) : 194 .

these sharks are often mistake for white sharks because they look very similar , but the salmon shark is dark blue - gray to black over most of its body , except for its pale underside which often has dark blotches on it that the white sharks do not . they can get to 10 feet long ( almost 1 , 000 pounds ) from their short , conical snouts to their crescent caudal ( tail ) fins . unlike most others , this shark is endothermic , meaning it is able to maintain a body temperature above the temperature of the surrounding water .

the salmon shark gets its name from one of its prey items , the pacific salmon ( oncorhyncus spp . ) . although it is considered to be one of the main predators of pacific salmon , the salmon shark is actually an opportunistic feeder with a wide - ranging diet .

the salmon shark was called the porbeagle before it was recognized as a separate species . it belongs to the family lamnidae , the mackerel sharks . in french , the salmon shark is known as requin - taupe saumon , in spanish , marrajo salmón , and in german , pazifischer heringshai . the salmon shark is abundant in japanese waters , and it has several local names in japan , including the japanese mackerel shark , nezumizame , mokazame , radukazame , and sakezame .

the salmon shark is not specifically targeted by commercial fisheries , but is often caught as by - catch in japanese , united states , and canadian offshore gill - netting , seining , and trolling for salmon , swordfish , and thresher sharks . it is also sometimes caught by trammel - netting halibut fishers off california . salmon sharks are commonly viewed by fishermen as pests because of the heavy damage they do to fishing gear .

when salmon sharks are caught , the fins of the salmon shark may be harvested , but the carcass is generally discarded . however , if harvested , the flesh is sold for consumption in japan , and to a lesser extent in the u . s . the oil , skin ( leather ) , and fins ( soup ) may also be used . the people of the northern japanese fishing port of kesennuma , where most salmon shark landings in japan occur , also use the heart in a popular local sashimi dish .

the salmon shark is generally viewed as potentially dangerous to man . however , even though it is a relatively large shark and is related to infamously dangerous species like the white shark ( carcharodon carcharias ) and the shortfin mako ( isurus oxyrinchus ) , it has never been positively identified in any shark attack . the unsubstantiated reports of this species are probably due to confusion with the white shark . divers have viewed groups of salmon sharks underwater with no reports of agonistic behavior by the sharks .

the iucn is a global union of states , governmental agencies , and non - governmental organizations in a partnership that assesses the conservation status of species .

fishery statistics for this species are very limited , but as recent studies indicate low fecundity and slow maturity , it may be quite vulnerable . unfortunately , there is no regulation on the pelagic fishery in international waters , and the salmon shark is actually very heavily fished as bycatch , although often discarded . in general , fishermen view the salmon shark as a pest because of its frequent damage to fishing gear , particularly in salmon fisheries , and this means the shark is all the more likely to be killed or traumatized .

the recent frequent strandings of juvenile sharks along the pacific coast of the u . s . , which were rare in the 1970s and 1980s , indicate a possible adverse reaction to human development impacts along the coastal waters that are a nursery for this species .

due to the lack of biological knowledge of the salmon shark and increased sports fishing for it , the alaska board of fisheries closed all commercial shark fishing in alaska state waters and imposed heavy regulations on the state sports fishery for salmon sharks in 1997 .

the salmon shark occurs only in the coastal and oceanic waters of the north pacific . they can be found in the waters off japan ( including the sea of japan ) , off the western pacific coasts of north korea , south korea , russia ( including the sea of okhotsk ) , and in the bering sea . the eastern portion of their range is bounded by the eastern pacific coast of the canada , the u . s . , and possibly northern mexico . because the salmon shark only occurs in the pacific , it can be easily distinguished from its relative the porbeagle , in the northern hemisphere , which only occurs in the atlantic .

the salmon shark is a primarily pelagic species , but can be found in epipelagic , offshore , and coastal areas . it appears to prefer cold boreal to cool temperate waters , but has been caught in water temperatures from 36 . 5° to 75°f ( 2 . 5° to 24°c ) . the species can be found at the surface to depths below 500 ft ( 152 m ) , and has been photographed at 837 ft ( 255 m ) .

transmitter on the dorsal fin of a salmon shark , used to track vertical and horizontal migration . image courtesy national marine fisheries service

as is common among pelagic elasmobranch species , the salmon shark makes long oceanic migrations over the course of the year . in this species , these migrations appear to be highly correlated with

those of the pelagic fish that it principally preys on , as well as with reproductive seasons . the salmon shark gives birth in the spring and probably mates in the summer or autumn . populations in the northwest pacific breed in japanese waters or in waters off the coast of kamchatka and sakhalin . in winter , when the water warms , they migrate north to more distant feeding grounds in the sea of okhotsk , the bering sea , and the sea of japan . in the spring , they return south to japanese waters , areas of the open ocean , and the southern kuril region , where the females give birth .

populations of the northeast pacific perform a similar north - south migration in the waters off california , oregon , washington , alaska , and canada . the females migrate south in the spring to give birth off oregon and california , where a significant number of neonates and young juveniles are found beached at that time every year .

there appears to be a strong sexual segregation in this species with males dominating the western north pacific and females dominating the eastern north pacific . in fact , males and females probably do not form mixed groups , as catches of salmon sharks are almost always dominated by one sex or the other . although trans - pacific movements have not been documented , they are suspected to occur , particularly during the mating period , which is probably in summer or autumn .

salmon shark populations also appear to be segregated by size , with large sharks generally inhabiting the more northern reaches of the species ' range , and smaller sharks staying in the southern parts . the larger , more mature sharks are more active in migrations , like the ones described above , while juveniles tend to remain in nursery areas until they reach about 3 . 6 to 3 . 9 ft ( 110 to 120 cm ) in length . the waters off the coast of california appear to be a major nursery ground for the northeast populations , with juveniles remaining there for one to two years after birth . the northwest salmon shark populations have nursery grounds in the open - water pacific , japanese waters , and the southern kuril region .

the salmon shark has a heavy spindle - shaped body with a short blunt conical snout . the gill slits are large . the caudal peduncle is strongly keeled , with short secondary keels on the caudal base . the caudal fin is crescent - shaped . the large first dorsal fin has a free rear tip . the small second dorsal and anal fins can pivot .

the salmon shark is sometimes mistaken for the white shark ( carcharodon carcharias ) , but it can be distinguished by its shorter snout and the presence of secondary keels on the caudal base ( the white shark has none ) .

coloration the dorsal and lateral surfaces of the salmon shark are dark blue gray to black in color . its dorsal fin is all dark , including the rear tip . the ventral surface of the snout anterior to the mouth is also dark , but the rest of the ventral surface of the body is white , often with dusky blotches ( in adults only ) and white patches over the pectoral bases . the dark blotches can also be used to distinguish the salmon shark from the white shark .

close - up of the jaw of a salmon shark . photo courtesy national marine fisheries service

the salmon shark has moderately large blade - like teeth with lateral cusplets , small bumps or " mini - teeth " on either side of each tooth . the first upper lateral teeth have oblique ( diagonally - oriented ) cusps .

size , age , and growth the salmon shark has a maximum total length of about 10 ft ( 305 cm ) and maximum weight of over 992 lbs ( 450 kg ) . there are unconfirmed accounts of salmon sharks 12 . 1 to 14 . 1 ft ( 370 to 430 cm ) , but these may have resulted from confusion with the larger white shark . in the eastern north pacific , female salmon sharks can live to at least 20 years , males to at least 27 years .

in the western north pacific , males mature at about 5 . 8 to 6 . 1 ft ( 177 - 186 cm ) in total length and 5 years , and females mature at about 6 . 6 to 7 . 3 ft ( 200 - 223 cm ) and 8 - 10 years . salmon sharks in the eastern north pacific appear to have a faster growth rate than those in the western north pacific and mature at an earlier age . in the eastern north pacific , males mature at about 5 . 2 ft ( 158 cm ) and 3 - 5 years , and females at 6 . 7 ft ( 205 cm ) and 6 - 9 years . also , females in the eastern north pacific are in general larger and heavier bodied than those in the western north pacific .

as with all other members of the family lamnidae ( the mackerel sharks ) , the salmon shark is endothermic , meaning it is able to maintain a body temperature above the temperature of the surrounding water . this is unusual because most fish are ectotherms , having internal temperature that is nearly identical to the ambient water temperature .

all lamnids have vascular counter - current heat exchangers ( retia mirabilia ) that allow them to retain the heat produced by the metabolism of these fast - swimming sharks . salmon sharks have retes in the cranium near the eyes , in the locomotor muscles , and in the viscera . they also have vascular shunts that allow them to alter the route of blood flow , further regulating rates of heat gain and heat loss . a few other fast - swimming fish , like tunas , also have this homeothermic ability , so this is an instance of convergent evolution between lamnid sharks and tunas .

recent studies have shown that the salmon shark does indeed maintain an internal temperature well above ambient water temperature . in fact , the salmon shark probably has the greatest thermoregulatory ability of any shark , and internal body temperatures up to 60 . 1°f ( 15 . 6°c ) greater than sea surface temperature have been recorded .

this thermoregulatory ability allows salmon sharks to range vertically through the water column in search of prey and to extend their niche to boreal waters .

food habits salmon sharks are opportunistic feeders . their diet consists mainly of pelagic and demersal bony fishes , such as pacific salmon , steelhead trout , herring , sardines , pollock , alaska cod , tomcod , lancetfishes , daggerteeth , sauries , lanternfishes , pomfrets , mackerel , lumpfishes , sculpins , etc . non - bony fish prey include the spiny dogfish and pelagic squid . salmon sharks may feed singly or in feeding aggregations of several sharks .

salmon sharks are generally believed to be one of the principal predators of pacific salmon ( oncorhyncus spp . ) , but some studies suggest this may only be true for certain populations in certain areas of the salmon shark ' s range . in the aleutian islands and the gulf of alaska , for example , salmon shark abundance corresponds to catch rates of salmon , and the migration patterns of predator and prey appear to be linked . however , in the western north pacific , most salmon sharks appear to be concentrated south of the salmon ' s migration path . the migration patterns of these western north pacific populations appear to be linked instead with those of herring and sardines .

reproduction salmon sharks mate summer - autumn and give birth in the spring . during mating , the male shark bites the female to hold onto her while they copulate . accordingly , biologists can tell if a female has recently mated by looking for fresh bite marks .

this shark ' s gestation period is probably about nine months , with litters containing 2 - 5 embryos . it is ovoviviparous , meaning that it gives birth to live young , but in the uterus ( womb ) , embryos have no placental or other direct connection to the mother . oophagy , or consumption of unfertilized eggs by embryos , has been documented in this species . during gestation , the mother continues to ovulate unfertilized eggs ( ova ) , which proceed from the ovary to the nidamental gland , where they are filled with yolk . these nutritive ova then pass to the uterus , where they are consumed by the growing embryos . this is how embryos are nourished during most of gestation . embryos are born at about 2 . 8 to 3 . 1 ft ( 84 - 96 cm ) in length .

the white shark may prey on juvenile salmon sharks where their ranges overlap . photo © klaus jost

it is unlikely that any creature would prey on adult salmon sharks because of their size . however , juvenile salmon sharks probably do face predators among the larger fish , including other sharks , that inhabit their range .

parasites because this species is so little studied , reports of parasites found in it are few . there is a record of the cestode ( tapeworm ) nybelinia surmenicola found on a salmon shark in alaskan waters .

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no detailed information exists on salmon shark abundance , and nothing is known about stock structure . no abundance estimates are available for salmon sharks in the northeast pacific . minimum stock size for the northwest and western central pacific has been estimated via catch data from several japanese drift / gillnet fisheries to range from 1 . 66 x 106 to 2 . 19 x 106 ( shimida and nakano unpublished data , cited in nagasawa 1998 ) , however no detailed information was given as to how these estimates were obtained . while sexual segregation is relatively common in sharks , a remarkable sex ratio difference occurs in salmon sharks across the north pacific basin . the western side is male dominated and the eastern side is female dominated , with dominance increasing with latitude ( sano 1962 , nagasawa 1998 , goldman 2002 , goldman and musick in press ) . larger sharks range farther north than smaller individuals , and southern catches generally occur in deeper waters ( nagasawa 1998 , goldman and musick unpublished data ) .

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froese , r . & d . pauly ( editors ) . ( 2018 ) . fishbase . world wide web electronic publication . , available online at urltoken [ details ]

compagno , l . j . v . ( 2001 ) . sharks of the world . an annotated and illustrated catalogue of shark species known to date . volume 2 . bullhead , mackerel and carpet sharks ( heterodontiformes , lamniformes and orectolobiformes ) . fao species catalogue for fishery purposes . no . 1 , vol . 2 . rome , fao . 269p . [ details ]

ditropopsis ( ditropiphorus ) fukuda , 2000 represented as ditropopsis e . a . smith , 1897

bank , r . ( 2017 ) . classification of the recent terrestrial gastropoda of the world . last update : july 16th , 2017 . [ details ]

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one of a large number of brachypterous ( short - winged ) delphacids , although the only one to specialise on bracken . the vertex and face are uniformly yellow and the wings dark with smooth and inconspicuous veins . the wings are approximately half the length of the abdomen in males and a quarter the length in females . macropters are rare . common and widespread in britain , often on bracken in woods .

salmon sharks are widely distributed throughout coastal and pelagic environments within the subarctic and temperate north pacific ocean , between 10°n and 70°n latitude . their range includes the bering sea , the sea of okhotsk , and the sea of japan , and also extends from the gulf of alaska to southern baja california . salmon sharks generally range from 35°n to 65°n latitude in the western pacific ocean and from 30°n to 65°n in the eastern pacific , with highest densities found between 50°n and 60°n .

salmon sharks are primarily pelagic , but are also found in coastal waters of the north pacific . they generally swim in the surface layer of subarctic water , but also occur in deeper waters of warmer southern regions to at least 150m . this species appears to prefer water temperatures from 2°c to 24°c .

populations of salmon sharks show seasonal density fluctuations in the coastal alaska downwelling region , which is characterized by turbulent mixing and strong seasonality of light and temperature . the summer - autumn usage of this ecoregion by salmon sharks coincides with the return of

adult salmon sharks can weigh at least 220 kg ( 485 lbs ) . there are unofficial reports of salmon sharks weighing 450 kg ( 992 lbs ) , but it is likely that this specimen was a misidentified white shark (

) . sharks in the eastern north pacific have a greater weight to length ratio than their counterparts in the western north pacific .

when reporting shark lengths , precaudal length ( pcl ) is often used , even though it excludes the tail fin . this allows discussion of a standardized length measure , as different possible orientations of the tail can give different measurements of total length . the pcl is determined by calculating the straight - line - distance between two vertical lines , one projected from the tip of the snout , and the other from the precaudal point . adult salmon sharks typically range in size from 180 to 210 cm pcl .

most fishes are ectotherms , meaning their body temperature remains identical to the surrounding water . salmon sharks , however , are endothermic , meaning they maintain a core body temperature higher than the surrounding water ( up to 16°c ) . this is accomplished through retention of heat produced by cell metabolism . however , no information on the basal metabolic rate of

salmon sharks have a heavy , spindle - shaped body with a short , conical snout . these sharks have relatively long gill slits . the mouth is broadly rounded , with the upper jaw containing 28 to 30 teeth and the lower jaw containing 26 to 27 moderately large , blade - like teeth with cusplets ( small bumps or “mini - teeth” ) on either side of each tooth . unpaired fins consist of a large first and much smaller second dorsal fin , a small anal fins and a crescent - shaped caudal fin . the caudal fin is homocercal , meaning the dorsal and ventral lobes are nearly equal in size . paired fins include large pectoral fins and much smaller pelvic fins , which are modified to form reproductive structures in males . a distinctive keel is present on the caudal peduncle and a short secondary keel is present on the caudal base . dorsal and lateral areas are dark bluish - gray to black . the belly is white , and often includes various dark paatches in adults . the ventral surface of the snout is also dark - colored .

) by the presence of a secondary keel on the caudal base , dark coloration on the ventral surface of the snout , and dusky patches on the belly , all of which are lacking in great whites . salmon sharks are also similar in appearance to porbeagle sharks (

) , but can easily be distinguished by their distributions ( porbeagles are absent from the north pacific range of salmon sharks ) .

, only the right ovary of salmon sharks is functional . fertilization is internal , and development proceeds within the uterus . salmon sharks are ovoviviparous , but developing embryos maintain no direct connection to the mother to obtain nutrition . oophagy has been observed in this species , and likely represents the primary source of nutrition for developing embryos . the pregnant female ovulates and the unfertilized eggs are sent to the nidamental gland , where they are filled with yolk . the eggs are then moved to the uterus , where the embryos can feed on them . litters tend to contain 4 to 5 young , which are approximately 60 to 65 cm pcl at birth .

little is known about how salmon sharks find and select mates , although seasonal migrations and aggregations of individuals likely facilitates this process . males hold on to females by biting their pectoral fin during copulation , which consists of the insertion of one of the male ' s claspers ( modified pelvic fins ) into the female ' s cloaca . couples have no further contact following copulation .

salmon sharks mate in northern waters during autumn and give birth after a 9 month gestation period , during their southern migration in late spring through early summer . individuals that populate the central and western north pacific are thought to breed off the coast of honshu , japan . those that populate the eastern north pacific breed off the coasts of oregon and california . pups are born in nursery grounds in the central north pacific transition zone or along the coast of united states and canada . female salmon sharks in the western north pacific reproduce annually , and are estimated to bear 70 offspring in their lifetime , while evidence suggests that females in the eastern north pacific reproduce every two years .

sexual maturity of males in the western north pacific is estimated to occur at approximately 140 cm pcl ( corresponding to an age of 5 years ) , and between 170 and 180 cm ( ages 8 to 10 years ) for females . for salmon sharks in the eastern north pacific , sexual maturity is reached between 125 and 145 cm pcl ( ages 3 to 5 years ) for males and 160 to 180 cm ( ages 6 to 9 ) for females . salmon sharks in both regions reach maximum lengths of approximately 215 cm pcl for females and about 190cm pcl for males .

breeding interval females in the eastern north pacific breed every two years , while those in the western north pacific breed annually .

females provide nutrition to their embryos through unfertilized eggs , which are consumed by the developing young . protection is provided to embryos through residence within the mother ' s uterus until they have fully developed and are able to fend for themselves .

the maximum age of salmon sharks has been estimated through vertebral analysis . in both western and eastern north pacific populations longevity estimates are similar , between 20 and 30 years . salmon sharks are not currently held in captivity in large oceanaria and there is no published information regarding their lifespan under captive conditions .

like many shark species , salmon sharks segregate by size and sex . in this species , an interesting sex ratio difference has been observed across the north pacific basin . the western population is dominated by males whereas the eastern population is dominated by females . a north / south segregation has also been noted , with larger sharks ranging farther north than smaller ones . salmon sharks are known to hunt both alone and in feeding aggregations of several individuals ( up to 30 to 40 sharks have been observed in these schools ) . they are seasonal migrants , and are strongly suspected to follow the movements of preferred prey items . in the case of eastern north pacific populations , the prey item followed appears to be

. the distributional and migratory patterns of both subpopulations also appears to be influenced by the sex , size , and age of individuals .

while information on intraspecific communication in salmon sharks is lacking , this species , like other cartilaginous fishes , perceives its environment using visual , olfactory , chemo - and electroreceptive , mechanical , and auditory sensory systems .

) , mackerel ( scombridae ) , lumpfishes ( cyclopteridae ) , sculpins ( cottidae ) , and other fish that they can capture .

( goldman and musick , 2008 ; nagasawa , 1998 ; roman , 2010 ; " tagging of pacific predators , salmon shark . " , 2010 )

) . once maturity is reached , salmon sharks occupy the highest trophic level in the food web of subarctic waters , alongside marine mammals and seabirds . the only known predators of mature salmon sharks are humans .

small salmon sharks are found in abundance in waters north of the subarctic boundary , which are thought to be their nursery ground . there they can avoid predation by larger sharks , which inhabit areas that are further north or south . juveniles also display obliterate countershading , and lack the dark blotches found on the ventral areas of adults .

salmon sharks are apex predators in subarctic waters , helping to regulate populations of their prey species within the ecosystem .

shark meat and shark fins have high economic value and salmon sharks are often caught by commercial fisheries , although this is often as bycatch in pursuit of other species . in japan , their hearts are used for sashimi . they are also caught by sports fishermen for recreation .

( roman , 2010 ; " tagging of pacific predators , salmon shark . " , 2010 )

salmon sharks , when caught unintentionally as bycatch , cause problems for commercial salmon fishermen . the sharks cause damage to seines and gillnets , loss of hooked or netted salmon , and damage to trolling gear .

salmon sharks are potentially dangerous to humans , although there are no positively documented attacks . unsubstantiated reports of attacks by this species are likely due to misidentification of more aggressive species , such as great whites .

salmon sharks are currently listed as " data deficient " by the iucn red list . its low number of young and slow maturity may make it vulnerable to overfishing , but few fishery statistics exist for the species , and its fishery is unregulated in international waters . however , due to this lack of knowledge and the potential impact of fishing on this species ' populations , heavy regulations were imposed on alaskan sport fishing for this species in 1997 .

emily lupton ( author ) , san diego mesa college , anthony mendoza ( author ) , san diego mesa college , brian razavinematollahi ( author ) , san diego mesa college , paul detwiler ( editor ) , san diego mesa college , jeremy wright ( editor ) , university of michigan - ann arbor .

living in the nearctic biogeographic province , the northern part of the new world . this includes greenland , the canadian arctic islands , and all of the north american as far south as the highlands of central mexico .

body of water between the southern ocean ( above 60 degrees south latitude ) , australia , asia , and the western hemisphere . this is the world ' s largest ocean , covering about 28 % of the world ' s surface .

living in the northern part of the old world . in otherwords , europe and asia and northern africa .

having body symmetry such that the animal can be divided in one plane into two mirror - image halves . animals with bilateral symmetry have dorsal and ventral sides , as well as anterior and posterior ends . synapomorphy of the bilateria .

having markings , coloration , shapes , or other features that cause an animal to be camouflaged in its natural environment ; being difficult to see or otherwise detect .

having a body temperature that fluctuates with that of the immediate environment ; having no mechanism or a poorly developed mechanism for regulating internal body temperature .

offspring are produced in more than one group ( litters , clutches , etc . ) and across multiple seasons ( or other periods hospitable to reproduction ) . iteroparous animals must , by definition , survive over multiple seasons ( or periodic condition changes ) .

the area in which the animal is naturally found , the region in which it is endemic .

reproduction in which eggs develop within the maternal body without additional nourishment from the parent and hatch within the parent or immediately after laying .

an aquatic biome consisting of the open ocean , far from land , does not include sea bottom ( benthic zone ) .

the regions of the earth that surround the north and south poles , from the north pole to 60 degrees north and from the south pole to 60 degrees south .

the kind of polygamy in which a female pairs with several males , each of which also pairs with several different females .

that region of the earth between 23 . 5 degrees north and 60 degrees north ( between the tropic of cancer and the arctic circle ) and between 23 . 5 degrees south and 60 degrees south ( between the tropic of capricorn and the antarctic circle ) .

tagging of pacific predators . 2010 . " tagging of pacific predators , salmon shark . " ( on - line ) . tagging of pacific predators . accessed november 02 , 2011 at urltoken .

francis , m . , l . natanson , s . campana . 2008 . the biology and ecology of the porbeagle shark , lamna nasus . pp . 105 - 113 in m camhi , e pikitch , e babcock , eds .

roman , b . 2010 . " ichthyology at the florida museum of natural history / education biological profiles : salmon shark " ( on - line ) . florida museum of natural history . accessed october 10 , 2011 at urltoken .

disclaimer : the animal diversity web is an educational resource written largely by and for college students . adw doesn ' t cover all species in the world , nor does it include all the latest scientific information about organisms we describe . though we edit our accounts for accuracy , we cannot guarantee all information in those accounts . while adw staff and contributors provide references to books and websites that we believe are reputable , we cannot necessarily endorse the contents of references beyond our control .

this material is based upon work supported by the national science foundation grants drl 0089283 , drl 0628151 , due 0633095 , drl 0918590 , and due 1122742 . additional support has come from the marisla foundation , um college of literature , science , and the arts , museum of zoology , and information and technology services .

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fao fisheries synopsis , no . 125 , vol . 4 , pt . 1

sharks of the world : an annotated and illustrated catalogue of shark species known to date , vol . 2 : bullhead , mackerel and carpet sharks ( heterodontiformes , lamniformes and orectolobiformes )

special publication of the center for biodiversity research and information , no . 1 , vol 1 - 3

nelson , joseph s . , edwin j . crossman , h . espinosa - pérez , l . t . findley , c . r . gilbert , et al . , eds .

full author list : nelson , joseph s . , edwin j . crossman , héctor espinosa - pérez , lloyd t . findley , carter r . gilbert , robert n . lea , and james d . williams

robins , richard c . , reeve m . bailey , carl e . bond , james r . brooker , ernest a . lachner , et al .

disclaimer : itis taxonomy is based on the latest scientific consensus available , and is provided as a general reference source for interested parties . however , it is not a legal authority for statutory or regulatory purposes . while every effort has been made to provide the most reliable and up - to - date information available , ultimate legal requirements with respect to species are contained in provisions of treaties to which the united states is a party , wildlife statutes , regulations , and any applicable notices that have been published in the federal register . for further information on u . s . legal requirements with respect to protected taxa , please contact the u . s . fish and wildlife service .

html public " - / / w3c / / dtd xhtml 1 . 0 transitional / / en " " urltoken "

en - salmon shark , fr - requin - taupe saumon , sp - marrajo salmón .

fieldmarks : heavy spindle - shaped body , short conical snout , moderately large blade - like teeth with lateral cusplets , long gill slits , large first dorsal fin with dark free rear tip , minute , pivoting second dorsal and anal fins , strong keels on caudal peduncle , short secondary keels on caudal base , crescentic caudal fin , underside of preoral snout dark , often dusky blotches on ventral surface of body and white patches over pectoral bases .

snout short and bluntly pointed , with preoral length 4 . 5 to 7 . 6 % of total length ( adults 4 . 5 to 5 . 0 % ) , space from eye to first gill slit 1 . 3 to 1 . 9 times preorbital length . first upper lateral teeth with oblique cusps .

total vertebral count 170 , precaudal vertebral count 103 . cranial rostrum expanded as a huge hypercalcified knob which engulfs most of the rostral cartilages except bases in adults .

colour : dark grey or blackish on dorsolateral surface of body , white below , with white abdominal colour extending anteriorly over pectoral bases as a broad wedge - shaped band ; first dorsal fin without a white free rear tip ; ventral surface of head dusky and abdomen with dusky blotches in adults but not in young .

coastal and oceanic . north pacific : japan ( including sea of japan ) , north korea , south korea , and the pacific coast of russia ( including sea of okhotsk ) to bering sea and the eastern pacific coast of the usaand canada ( alaska south to british columbia , washington , oregon , and southern california ) and probably mexico ( northern baja california ) .

maximum total length about 305 cm ; anecdotal accounts mention sizes of 3 . 7 to 4 . 3 m tl but cannot be confirmed , and confusion with the larger white shark is possible and has happened . size at birth between 40 and 50 cm and 85 cm tl , with the largest foetuses at least 70 cm long and the smallest free - ranging young between 40 and 50 cm . males maturing at about 182 cm tl ( 5 years ) and females at about 221 cm tl ( 8 to 10 years ) ; both sexes adult over about 210 to 220 cm tl .

sharks of the world an annotated and illustrated catalogue of shark species known to date . volume 2 bullhead , mackerel and carpet sharks ( heterodontiformes , lamniformes and orectolobiformes ) . leonard j . v . compagno 2001 . fao species catalogue for fishery purposes . no . 1 , vol . 2 . rome , fao . 2001 . p . 269 .

named comes from the greek ' di ' meaning two and ' tropis ' meaning keel ( ref . 6885 )

marine ; pelagic - oceanic ; oceanodromous ( ref . 51243 ) ; depth range 0 - 650 m ( ref . 50550 ) , usually 0 - 152 m ( ref . 55221 ) . temperate ; 66°n - 22°n , 120°e - 115°w

north pacific : japan , korea , and the sea of okhotsk to the bering sea and southward to southern california , usa ( ref . 247 ) and baja california , mexico ( ref . 9253 ) .

maturity : l m ? , range 180 - 240 cm max length : 305 cm tl male / unsexed ; ( ref . 247 ) ; common length : 180 cm tl male / unsexed ; ( ref . 9988 ) ; max . published weight : 175 . 0 kg ( ref . 9988 )

dorsal spines ( total ) : 0 ; dorsal soft rays ( total ) : 0 ; anal spines : 0 ; anal soft rays : 0 . first dorsal fin uniformly dark , no light rear tip ; ventral surface of body white with dusky blotches ( ref . 247 ) .

a coastal - littoral and epipelagic shark that prefers boreal to cool temperate waters , from the surface to at least 152 m ( ref . 247 ) . common in continental offshore waters but range inshore to just off beaches ( ref . 247 ) . occurs singly or in schools or feeding aggregations of several individuals ( ref . 247 ) . feeds on fishes ( ref . 247 ) . ovoviviparous , embryos feeding on yolk sac and other ova produced by the mother ( ref . 50449 ) . with up to 4 young in a litter ( ref . 247 ) . fast swimmer ( ref . 9988 ) . potentially dangerous but has never or seldom been implicated in human attacks ( ref . 247 ) . causes considerable damage to commercial catches and gear ( ref . 6885 ) . utilized fresh , dried or salted , and frozen ; fins , hides and livers are also used , with fins having particular value ; can be broiled and baked ( ref . 9988 ) .

exhibit ovoviparity ( aplacental viviparity ) , with embryos feeding on other ova produced by the mother ( oophagy ) after the yolk sac is absorbed ( ref . 50449 ) . litter size is up to 4 young ( ref . 247 ) . distinct pairing with embrace ( ref . 205 ) .

compagno , l . j . v . , 1984 . fao species catalogue . vol . 4 . sharks of the world . an annotated and illustrated catalogue of shark species known to date . part 1 - hexanchiformes to lamniformes . fao fish . synop . 125 ( 4 / 1 ) : 1 - 249 . rome , fao . ( ref . 247 )

phylogenetic diversity index ( ref . 82805 ) : pd 50 = 0 . 7813 [ uniqueness , from 0 . 5 = low to 2 . 0 = high ] .

bayesian length - weight : a = 0 . 00933 ( 0 . 00405 - 0 . 02151 ) , b = 3 . 04 ( 2 . 84 - 3 . 24 ) , in cm total length , based on lwr estimates for this ( sub ) family - body shape ( ref . 93245 ) .

trophic level ( ref . 69278 ) : 4 . 5 ±0 . 80 se ; based on food items .

resilience ( ref . 69278 ) : very low , minimum population doubling time more than 14 years ( fec = 4 ) .

vulnerability ( ref . 59153 ) : high vulnerability ( 59 of 100 ) .

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bright , donald b . 1960 . a record of the porbeagle , lamna nasus , from cook inlet , alaska . copeia , 1960 ( 2 ) : 145 - 146 .

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tubbesing , victor a . , and barbara a , block . 2000 . orbital rete and red muscle vein anatomy indicate a high degree of endothermy in the brain and eye of the salmon shark . acta zool . , 81 : 49 - 56 .

urquhart , david l . 1981 . north pacific salmon shark . sea front . , 27 ( 6 ) [ november - december 1981 ) : 361 - 363 .

reefquest centre for shark research text and illustrations © r . aidan martin copyright | privacy

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block , b . a . , h . dewar , s . b . blackwell , t . d . williams , e . d . prince , c . j . farwell , a . boustany , s . l . h . teo , a . seitz , a . walli & d . fudge 2001 . migratory movements , depth pref - erences , and thermal biology of atlantic bluefin tuna . science 293 : 1310 - 1314 .

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