hypolimnas octocula , the eight-spot butterfly , is a species of eggfly or diadem endemic to several islands and island chains in oceania , including new caledonia , vanuatu and the mariana islands .

it includes the following subspecies : h. o. octocula butler , 1869 h. o. pallas grose-smith h. o. elsina butler h. o. formosa herrich-schäffer h. o. marianensis

hypolimnas octocula

hypolimnas octocula <EOT> hypolimnas octocula marianensis fruhstorfer , 1912 ; in seitz , gross - schmett . erde 9 : 555

= hypolimnas octocula elsina ; holloway & peters , 1976 , j . nat . hist . 10 : 303

hypolimnas octocula futunaensis samson , 1986 ; tyô to ga 37 ( 1 ) : 16 , 25 ; tl : s . new hebrides , futuna

hypolimnas octocula tanna samson , 1986 ; tyô to ga 37 ( 1 ) : 16 , 27 ; tl : s . new hebrides , tanna is .

hypolimnas octocula ; [ bow ] : pl . 146 , f . 6 ; samson , 1986 , tyô to ga 37 ( 1 ) : 16 ( note )

diadema octocula butler , 1869 ; ann . mag . nat . hist . ( 4 ) 3 ( 13 ) : 19 ; tl : tologa i . [ totoya ]

all the hypolimnas with the orange hindwing band are nice , hypolimnas pandarus is stunning too .

hypolimnas octocula elsina ; holloway & peters , 1976 , j . nat . hist . 10 : 303 ; [ baur ] , 224 ( text ) ; samson , 1986 , tyô to ga 37 ( 1 ) : 16 , 29

hypolimnas alimena catalai viette , 1950 ; fn . emp . franc . 13 : 87

hypolimnas chapmani ab . fasciata aurivillius , 1894 ; ent . tidskr . 15 : 280

la variation géographique du polymorphisme chez les hypolimnas du continent africain ( lep . nymphalidae )

hypolimnas sumbawana pagenstecher , 1898 ; ent . nachr . 24 : 81 ; tl : sumbawa

hypolimnas deceptor ; [ bow ] : pl . 103 , f . 15 ; [ afrl ]

hypolimnas dinarcha grandis rothschild , 1918 ; novit . zool . 25 : 344 ; tl : uganda

hypolimnas monteironis major rothschild , 1918 ; novit . zool . 25 : 344 ; tl : uganda

hypolimnas salmacis ; [ bow ] : pl . 104 , f . 5 ; [ afrl ]

hypolimnas salmacis magnifica rothschild , 1918 ; novit . zool . 25 : 343 ; tl : uganda

hypolimnas eremita butler , 1883 ; ent . mon . mag . 20 : 56 ; tl : dorey

hypolimnas antilope lutescens ; holloway & peters , 1976 , j . nat . hist . 10 : 304

hypolimnas shortlandica ribbe , 1898 ; dt . ent . z . iris 11 ( 1 ) : 119

hypolimnas dimona fruhstorfer , 1912 ; ent . rundschau 29 ( 1 ) : 5 ; tl : sula

hypolimnas misippus misippus ; [ bmp ] : 165 , pl . 24 , f . 8 - 9

contributions to the lepidoptera ( 2 ) . descriptions of hypolimnas ( nymphalidae ) and charaxes ( charaxidinae )

hypolimnas anthedon ; [ bk ] : 341 , pl . 48 , f . 591 ; [ afrl ]

hypolimnas dimona ; vane - wright & de jong , 2003 , zool . verh . leiden 343 : 212

hypolimnas macarthuri neidhoefer , 1972 ; occ . pap . milwaukee pub . mus . ( 3 ) : 3

hypolimnas alimena talauta ; vane - wright & de jong , 2003 , zool . verh . leiden 343 : 213

hypolimnas nivas fruhstorfer , 1912 ; in seitz , gross - schmett . erde 9 : 543 , ( 174 )

hypolimnas anomala stellata ; vane - wright & de jong , 2003 , zool . verh . leiden 343 : 212

hypolimnas antilope phalkes ; vane - wright & de jong , 2003 , zool . verh . leiden 343 : 213

hypolimnas labuana butler , 1879 ; cistula ent . 2 ( 21 ) : 432 ; tl : labuan , borneo

hypolimnas bolina gigas ; vane - wright & de jong , 2003 , zool . verh . leiden 343 : 213

hypolimnas diomea fraterna ; vane - wright & de jong , 2003 , zool . verh . leiden 343 : 212

hypolimnas diomea sororia ; vane - wright & de jong , 2003 , zool . verh . leiden 343 : 212

hypolimnas diomea serica ; vane - wright & de jong , 2003 , zool . verh . leiden 343 : 212

hypolimnas errabunda hopkins , 1927 ; insects of samoa 3 ( fasc . 1 ) : 23 ; tl : samoa

hypolimnas alimena var . heteromorpha röber , 1891 ; tijdschr . ent . 34 : 306 ; tl : key i .

= hypolimnas bolina bolina ; vane - wright & de jong , 2003 , zool . verh . leiden 343 : 213

hypolimnas pithoeka dampierensis rothschild , 1915 ; novit . zool . 22 ( 2 ) : 204 ; tl : dampier island

hypolimnas pithoeka vulcanica rothschild , 1915 ; novit . zool . 22 ( 2 ) : 205 ; tl : vulcan island

hypolimnas listeri butler , 1888 ; proc . zool . soc . lond . 1888 : 542 ; tl : christmas i .

hypolimnas panopion grose - smith , 1894 ; novit . zool . 1 ( 2 ) : 350 ; tl : humboldt bay

hypolimnas euploeoides rothschild , 1915 ; novit . zool . 22 ( 2 ) : 205 ; tl : manus , admiralty islands

hypolimnas salmacis platydema rothschild & jordan , 1903 ; novit . zool . 10 ( 3 ) : 524 ; tl : scheko

hypolimnas alimena ♀ ab . coelia fruhstorfer , 1903 ; berl . ent . zs . 48 ( 1 / 2 ) : 74

hypolimnas alimena manusi rothschild , 1915 ; novit . zool . 22 ( 2 ) : 205 ; tl : manus , admiralty islands

hypolimnas alimena catalai ; holloway & peters , 1976 , j . nat . hist . 10 : 303 ; [ nhm card ]

hypolimnas bolina pallescens ; fruhstorfer , 1902 , stettin ent . ztg 63 ( 1 ) : 355 ; [ baur ] , 222

hypolimnas dinarcha narchadi suffert , 1904 ; dt . ent . z . iris 17 ( 1 ) : 110 ; tl : acera

hypolimnas mechowi ; [ bow ] : pl . 104 , f . 4 ; [ bafr ] , 218 ; [ afrl ]

hypolimnas pithoeka salomona d ' abrera , 1977 ; butts . aust . region : 219 ; tl : mt . gallego , guadalcanal

hypolimnas angustolimbata weymer , 1892 ; stettin ent . ztg 53 ( 4 - 6 ) : 87 ; tl : e . africa

hypolimnas alimena saturnia fruhstorfer , 1903 ; berl . ent . zs . 48 ( 1 / 2 ) : 74 ; tl : waigiu

hypolimnas alimena afra fruhstorfer , 1903 ; berl . ent . zs . 48 ( 1 / 2 ) : 73 ; tl : kiriwina

hypolimnas antilope arnoldi fruhstorfer , 1903 ; berl . ent . zs . 48 ( 1 / 2 ) : 76 ; tl : sumbawa

hypolimnas antilope mela fruhstorfer , 1903 ; berl . ent . zs . 48 ( 1 / 2 ) : 75 ; tl : kiriwina

hypolimnas bolina enganica fruhstorfer , 1904 ; berl . ent . zs . 49 ( 1 / 2 ) : 193 ; tl : engano

hypolimnas deois divina fruhstorfer , 1903 ; dt . ent . z . iris 16 ( 1 ) : 66 ; tl : new guinea

hypolimnas arakalulk semper , 1906 ; dt . ent . z . iris 18 ( 2 ) : 253 ; tl : karolinen arch .

hypolimnas pandarus junia fruhstorfer , 1903 ; berl . ent . zs . 47 ( 3 / 4 ) : 234 ; tl : wetter

hypolimnas alimena lamina fruhstorfer , 1903 ; berl . ent . zs . 48 ( 1 / 2 ) : 73 ; tl : cape york

hypolimnas anomala ; [ bor ] , 284 ; vane - wright & de jong , 2003 , zool . verh . leiden 343 : 212

hypolimnas salmacis var . thomensis aurivillius , 1910 ; ann . mus . stor . nat . genova ( 3 ) 4 / 44 : 510

hypolimnas aurifascia mengel , 1903 ; ent . news 14 ( 6 ) : 167 , pl . 7 ; tl : santo , new hebrides

hypolimnas alimena obsolescens fruhstorfer , 1903 ; berl . ent . zs . 48 ( 1 / 2 ) : 73 ; tl : fergusson i .

hypolimnas antilope wagneri clark , 1946 ; proc . biol . soc . wash . 59 : 119 ; tl : los negros , admiralty is .

hypolimnas deceptor deceptor ; [ bafr ] , 220 ; [ bk ] : 340 , pl . 47 , f . 590 ; [ afrl ]

hypolimnas deois divina ; fruhstorfer , 1916 , archiv naturg . 81 a ( 11 ) : 66 ( name ) ; [ baur ] , 222

hypolimnas diomea diomea ; [ bor ] , 284 ; vane - wright & de jong , 2003 , zool . verh . leiden 343 : 212

hypolimnas pithoeka fumosus joicey & noakes , 1915 ; trans . ent . soc . lond . 1915 ( 2 ) : 191 ; tl : biak

hypolimnas alada swinhoe , 1915 ; ann . mag . nat . hist . ( 8 ) 16 ( 93 ) : 174 ; tl : hongkong

hypolimnas antevorta ; [ bow ] : pl . 103 , f . 12 ; [ ebw ] ; [ bafr ] , 216 ; [ afrl ]

hypolimnas palladius grose - smith , 1897 ; ann . mag . nat . hist . ( 6 ) 19 : 175 ; tl : fergusson i .

hypolimnas paleutes grose - smith , 1897 ; ann . mag . nat . hist . ( 6 ) 19 : 176 ; tl : kiriwini , trobriands

hypolimnas pithoeka gretheri clark , 1946 ; proc . biol . soc . wash . 59 : 119 ; tl : lou i . , admiralty is .

hypolimnas alimena eremitana strand , 1914 ; lepid . niepeltiana ( 1 ) : 35 , pl . 8 , f . 14 ; tl : admiralty i .

hypolimnas limbata crowley , 1890 ; trans . ent . soc . lond . 1890 : 552 , pl . 17 , f . 2 ; tl : madagascar

hypolimnas heteroma swinhoe , 1915 ; ann . mag . nat . hist . ( 8 ) 16 ( 93 ) : 173 ; tl : sarawak , borneo

hypolimnas curiosa swinhoe , 1915 ; ann . mag . nat . hist . ( 8 ) 16 ( 93 ) : 173 ; tl : staru , india

870x597 ( ~ 50kb ) underside male paya , tioman , malaysia , 12 - 96 , photo © s . shuichi haupt hypolimnas sp . det . krushnamegh kunte

hypolimnas alimena alimena ; [ baur ] , 220 ( text ) ; vane - wright & de jong , 2003 , zool . verh . leiden 343 : 213

hypolimnas antilope antilope ; [ baur ] , 218 ( text ) ; vane - wright & de jong , 2003 , zool . verh . leiden 343 : 213

hypolimnas deois waigeuensis joicey & talbot , 1917 ; ann . mag . nat . hist . ( 8 ) 20 ( 117 ) : 218 ; tl : waigeu

hypolimnas monteironis major ; [ bafr ] , 218 ( text ) ; [ bk ] : 342 , pl . 48 , f . 594 ; [ afrl ]

hypolimnas salmacis magnifica ; [ bafr ] , 216 ( text ) ; [ bk ] : 342 , pl . 48 , f . 595 ; [ afrl ]

hypolimnas inopinata waterhouse , 1920 ; proc . linn . soc . n . s . w . 45 ( 3 ) : 468 ; tl : waidoi , fiji

hypolimnas exiguus samson , 1980 ; tyô to ga 30 ( 3 , 4 ) : 225 , f . 7 ; tl : mapwe ( 200ft ) , santa ana

hypolimnas dexithea ; [ bow ] : pl . 103 , f . 14 ; [ ebw ] ; [ bafr ] , 216 ; [ madl ] ; [ afrl ]

hypolimnas discandra weymer , 1885 ; stettin ent . ztg . 46 ( 4 - 6 ) : 264 , pl . 1 , f . 6 ; tl : nias i .

hypolimnas alimena ; [ bow ] : pl . 145 , f . 11 - 12 ; vane - wright & de jong , 2003 , zool . verh . leiden 343 : 213

years ago there were two or three hypolimnas species that were difficult to obtain , now it ' s one of the few genera that has become more available rather than less . johnny

hypolimnas bolina bolina ; [ bmp ] : 164 , pl . 24 , f . 10 ; vane - wright & de jong , 2003 , zool . verh . leiden 343 : 213

hypolimnas deois ; [ ebw ] ; [ bow ] : pl . 146 , f . 2 ; samson , 1986 , tyô to ga 37 ( 1 ) : 16 ( note )

hypolimnas pandarus ; [ ebw ] ; [ bow ] : pl . 146 , f . 7 ; samson , 1986 , tyô to ga 37 ( 1 ) : 16 ( note )

hypolimnas dinarcha ; [ bow ] : pl . 104 , f . 1 ; [ ebw ] ; [ bk ] : 341 , pl . 48 , f . 592 ; [ afrl ]

hypolimnas diomea ; [ bow ] : pl . 146 , f . 5 ; [ bor ] , 284 ; vane - wright & de jong , 2003 , zool . verh . leiden 343 : 212

hypolimnas usambara ; [ bow ] : pl . 104 , f . 8 ; [ bafr ] , 222 ; [ bk ] : 341 , pl . 47 , f . 593 ; [ afrl ]

hypolimnas anomala anomala ; [ bor ] , 284 ; [ bmp ] : 164 , pl . 24 , f . 6 ; vane - wright & de jong , 2003 , zool . verh . leiden 343 : 212

hypolimnas antilope ; [ ebw ] ; [ bow ] : pl . 145 , f . 13 ; samson , 1986 , tyô to ga 37 ( 1 ) : 16 ( note ) ; vane - wright & de jong , 2003 , zool . verh . leiden 343 : 212

hypolimnas bolina ; wood - mason & de nicéville , 1881 , j . asiat . soc . bengal 49 pt . ii ( 4 ) : 228 ; fruhstorfer , 1910 , ent . zs . 24 ( 28 ) : 155 , f . 9 - 10 ; holloway & peters , 1976 , j . nat . hist . 10 : 304 ; [ ebw ] ; [ bow ] : pl . 145 , f . 14 , pl . 146 , f . 1 ; [ bor ] , 284 ; [ bafr ] , 214 ; [ mrs ] , 567 ; vane - wright & de jong , 2003 , zool . verh . leiden 343 : 213 ; [ afrl ]

the exact identification of this species is still unknown , but tentatively assumed to belong into this group .

papilio alimena linnaeus , 1764 ; mus . lud . ulr . : 291 ; tl : amboina

larva on pseuderanthemum variable [ baur ] , asystasia gangetica , graptophilum pictum , pseuderanthemum variabile k . l . & l . e . dunn , 1991 , review austr . butts . ( 1 - 4 ) : ( 120 - 140 ) , asystasia , graptophyllum , pseuderanthemum , sida , pipturus vane - wright & de jong , 2003 , zool . verh . leiden 343 : 213

alimena senia fruhstorfer , 1912 ; in seitz , gross - schmett . erde 9 : 545

alimena bandana fruhstorfer , 1912 ; in seitz , gross - schmett . erde 9 : 546 ; tl : banda i .

alimena remigia fruhstorfer , 1912 ; in seitz , gross - schmett . erde 9 : 546 ; tl : obi

alimena eligia fruhstorfer , 1912 ; in seitz , gross - schmett . erde 9 : 546 ; tl : batjan

alimena diadema fruhstorfer , 1912 ; in seitz , gross - schmett . erde 9 : 545

alimena talauta fruhstorfer , 1912 ; in seitz , gross - schmett . erde 9 : 546 ; tl : talaud

diadema polymena c . & r . felder , [ 1867 ] ; reise fregatte novara , bd 2 ( abth . 2 ) ( 3 ) : 414 , pl . 55 , f . 5 - 6 ; tl : aru i .

alimena curicta fruhstorfer , 1912 ; in seitz , gross - schmett . erde 9 : 546

alimena libisonia fruhstorfer , 1912 ; in seitz , gross - schmett . erde 9 : 546 ; tl : new guinea

alimena bateia fruhstorfer , 1915 ; in seitz , gross - schmett . erde 9 : 746 ; tl : yule i .

diadema fuliginensis mathew , 1887 ; trans . ent . soc . lond . 1887 ( 1 ) : 44 , pl . 4 , f . 6 ; tl : ugi , solomon is .

alimena diffusa howarth , 1962 ; the natural history of the rennell and bellona is . ( 4 ) : 74 ; tl : bellona i .

alimena libateia howarth , 1962 ; the natural history of the rennell and bellona is . ( 4 ) : 73 ; tl : bellona i . [ ? ]

diadema antevorta distant , [ 1880 ] ; proc . zool . soc . lond . 1879 ( 4 ) : 703 ; tl : magila , e . africa

mimics amauris niavius , amauris tartarea ( complex ) , amauris echeria . [ bk ]

f . wahlbergi mimics amauris niavius , f . mima amauris echeria . [ pbsa ]

diadema anomala wallace , 1869 ; trans . ent . soc . lond . 1869 ( 4 ) : 285 ; tl : malacca ; java

larva on pipturus arboresceus [ mrs ] , claoxylon , pipturus , pouzolzia , villebrunea vane - wright & de jong , 2003 , zool . verh . leiden 343 : 212

diadema insterstincta butler , 1873 ; cist . ent . 1 ( 7 ) : 157 ; tl : assam

diadema wallaceana butler , 1873 ; cist . ent . 1 ( 7 ) : 157 ; tl : " india ? "

anomala euvaristos fruhstorfer , 1912 ; in seitz , gross - schmett . erde 9 : 543 ; tl : philippines

anomala truentus fruhstorfer , 1912 ; in seitz , gross - schmett . erde 9 : 543

anomala stellata ( fruhstorfer , 1912 ) ( hypolimnata ) ; in seitz , gross - schmett . erde 9 : 543 ; tl : minahassa

larva on pipturus argenteus [ baur ] , asystasia , graptophyllum , pseuderanthemum , oreocnide , pipturus vane - wright & de jong , 2003 , zool . verh . leiden 343 : 212

diadema albula wallace , 1869 ; trans . ent . soc . lond . 1869 ( 4 ) : 287 ; tl : timor

diadema lutescens butler , 1874 ; proc . zool . soc . lond . 1874 : 283 , pl . 44 , f . 3 ; tl : ovalau , fiji

antilope maglovius fruhstorfer , 1912 ; in seitz , gross - schmett . erde 9 : 544 ; tl : buru

antilope typhlis fruhstorfer , 1912 ; in seitz , gross - schmett . erde 9 : 544 ; tl : key i . ?

antilope quinctinus fruhstorfer , 1912 ; in seitz , gross - schmett . erde 9 : 544 ; tl : obi

antilope sila fruhstorfer , 1912 ; in seitz , gross - schmett . erde 9 : 544 ; tl : cerma

diadema scopas godman & salvin , 1888 ; ann . mag . nat . hist . ( 6 ) 1 ( 2 ) : 98 ; tl : solomon is .

antilope albomela howarth , 1962 ; the natural history of the rennell and bellona is . ( 4 ) : 71 ; tl : rennell is .

phalkes fruhstorfer , 1912 ; in seitz , gross - schmett . erde 9 : 543 ; tl : talaut

india , ceylon , burma , au , s . arabia , madagascar . see [ maps ]

951x624 ( ~ 60kb ) female paya , tioman , malaysia , 12 - 96 , photo © s . shuichi haupt

951x624 ( ~ 52kb ) male paya , tioman , malaysia , 12 - 96 , photo © s . shuichi haupt

769x513 ( ~ 94kb ) underside thailand , krabi 24 . 12 . 2003 - 7 . 1 . 2004 , photo © olli vesikko

748x591 ( ~ 76kb ) female thailand , chon buri province , pattaya , jomtien beach , natural park resort . 25th january 2005 , photo © oleg kosterin

876x1134 ( ~ 163kb ) female thailand , chon buri province , pattaya , jomtien beach , natural park resort . 25th january 2005 , photo © oleg kosterin

740x534 ( ~ 67kb ) female thailand , chon buri province , pattaya , jomtien beach , natural park resort . 25th january 2005 , photo © oleg kosterin

876x915 ( ~ 119kb ) underside male thailand , chon buri province , pattaya environs , ko lan island , ruderal vegeation at a roadside . 15th january 2006 , photo © oleg kosterin

796x808 ( ~ 181kb ) male thailand , phuket , a bank of a pond at a road 1 km ne of khao sai tan kliang mt . , 18th february 2009 , photo © oleg kosterin

larva on polygonum prostratum , portulaca sp . , alternanthera denticulata , sida rhombifolia , richardia brasiliensis , asystasia gangetica , a . scandens , dipteracanthus spp . , pseuderanthemum variabile , ruellia spp . , synedrella nodiflora k . l . & l . e . dunn , 1991 , review austr . butts . ( 1 - 4 ) : ( 120 - 140 )

larva on asystasia , diptercanthus , justicia , pseuderanthemum , rostellularia , ruelia , systasia , alternanthera , eclipta , synedrella , commelina , ipomoea , merremia , desmodium , phaseolus , vigna , perilla , abutiliion , malvastrum , sida , ficus , polygonum , persicaria , portulaca , richardia , triumfetta , boehmeria , elatostema , fleurya , laportea , pipturus , urtica vane - wright & de jong , 2003 , zool . verh . leiden 343 : 213

sumatra , java , lesser sunda is . , w . borneo , sulawesi , salayar , kabaena , galla , banggai , sula , maluku , new guinea , solomon is . , australia , new caledonia

978x1026 ( ~ 252kb ) underside female cambodia , koh kong province , 22 . 5 km of ene koh kong , ' nepenthes ' forest brook . 29th november 2010 , photo © oleg kosterin

1059x1215 ( ~ 314kb ) female cambodia , koh kong province , 22 . 5 km of ene koh kong , ' nepenthes ' forest brook . 29th november 2010 , photo © oleg kosterin

1166x1157 ( ~ 380kb ) underside male cambodia , kep province , kep , kep national park , ' platystylus brook ' below the pond . 6th december 2010 , photo © oleg kosterin

timor - kai , aru , waigeu , west irian - papua , n . australia - e . victoria , bismarck archipelago , solomon is . , new zealand

bolina rarik ( eschscholtz , 1821 ) ; in kotzebue , entdeck . reise süd - see 3 ( app . 5 ) : 203 , pl . 5 , f . 10 ; tl : lifu

bolina kraimoku ( eschscholtz , 1821 ) ; in kotzebue , entdeck . reise süd - see 3 ( app . 5 ) : 203

bolina inconstans butler , 1873 ; cist . ent . 1 ( 7 ) : 164 ; tl : navigator is .

diadema constans butler , 1875 ; trans . ent . soc . lond . 1875 ( 1 ) : 6 ; tl : tasmania ?

larva on ipomoea aquatica , i . batatus , synedrella nodiflora , sida rhombifolia , ficus microcarpa [ mrs ]

bolina holdeni butler , 1884 ; mem . nat . acad . sci . 2 : 93 ; tl : caroline i .

hypolumnas nerina var . listeri ; butler , 1900 , mon . christmas isl . : 62

diadema pulchra butler , 1874 ; proc . zool . soc . lond . 1874 : 281 ; tl : new caledonia

papilio jacintha drury , 1773 ; illust . nat . hist . exot . insects 2 : pl . 21 , f . 1 - 2 ( & index )

diadema lassinassa var . gigas oberthür , 1879 ; trans . ent . soc . lond . 1879 ( 3 ) : 233 ; tl : sanghir i .

larva on fleurya capensis , f . mitis [ pbsa ] , laportea [ bk ]

mimics amauris ochlea [ pbsa ] , amauris niavius , amauris echeria . [ bk ]

diadema tydea c . & r . felder , [ 1867 ] ; reise fregatte novara , bd 2 ( abth . 2 ) ( 3 ) : 415 , pl . 55 , f . 1 - 4

deois obianus fruhstorfer , 1912 ; in seitz , gross - schmett . erde 9 : 555 ; tl : obi

diadema hewitsoni wallace , 1869 ; trans . ent . soc . lond . 1869 ( 4 ) : 282 ; tl : ké i .

diadema pandarus ; hewitson , 1858 , proc . zool . soc . lond . 1858 : 464 , pl . 54 , f . 1 - 2

deois mysolensis talbot , 1932 ; bull . hill . mus . 4 : 161

deois otakwensis talbot , 1932 ; bull . hill . mus . 4 : 162

deois albosignata talbot , 1932 ; bull . hill . mus . 4 : 162 ; tl : rossel i .

deois denticulata talbot , 1932 ; bull . hill . mus . 4 : 163

deois woodlarkiana talbot , 1932 ; bull . hill . mus . 4 : 162 ; tl : woodlark i .

diadema dexithea hewitson , 1863 ; proc . zool . soc . lond . 1863 : 65 , pl . 11 ; tl : madagascar

larva on elatostema lineolatum vane - wright & de jong , 2003 , zool . verh . leiden 343 : 212

diadema fraterna wallace , 1869 ; trans . ent . soc . lond . 1869 ( 4 ) : 284 ; tl : macassar , celebes

s . america ( north ) , florida , caribbean , africa , australasia , india , ceylon , burma . see [ maps ]

951x624 ( ~ 55kb ) female expo park motobu , okinawa , ryukyus , japan , 8 - 93 , photo © s . shuichi haupt

1224x918 ( ~ 210kb ) upperside male thailand , chon buri province , pattaya environs , ko lan island , ruderal vegeation at a roadside . 15th january 2006 , photo © oleg kosterin

600x400 ( ~ 41kb ) underside male india : melghat , 5 . 10 . 2008 , photo © kedar tokekar

larva on portulaca oleracea [ bir ] , portulaca , portulaca okracea , abutilon , hibiscus , plantago asiatica , p . major [ mrs ] , asystasia , justicia , blepharis , ruellia , pseuderantheum [ bk ]

larva on portulaca oleracea , asystasia gangetica , pseuderanthemum variabile k . l . & l . e . dunn , 1991 , review austr . butts . ( 1 - 4 ) : ( 120 - 140 ) , asystasia , barlesia , blepharis , justicia , pseuderanthemum , ruellia , amaranthus , eleais , batatas , abelmoschus , abutilon , gossypium , hibiscus , ? ficus , plantago , portulaca , talinum , elatostema vane - wright & de jong , 2003 , zool . verh . leiden 343 : 214

diadema monteironis druce , 1874 ; cistula ent . 1 ( 10 ) : 286 ; tl : old calabar

diadema pandora wallace , 1869 ; trans . ent . soc . lond . 1869 ( 4 ) : 281 ; tl : buru

pandarus hewitsoni wallace , 1869 ; trans . ent . soc . lond . 1869 ( 4 ) : 282

diadema unicolor salvin & godman , 1877 ; proc . zool . soc . lond . 1877 : 144 , pl . 23 , f . 1 - 2 ; tl : duke of york i .

pithoeka bradleyi howarth , 1962 ; the natural history of the rennell and bellona is . ( 4 ) : 71 ; tl : rennell i .

pithoeka ferruginea howarth , 1962 ; the natural history of the rennell and bellona is . ( 4 ) : 73 ; tl : bellona i .

sierra leone - cameroun , gabon , zaire , w . uganda ( bwamba valley )

salmacis insularis schultze , 1920 ; ergeb . 2tn . dt . zent . afrika exp . 1 ( 14 ) : 805 ; tl : fernando po

diadema saundersi wallace , 1869 ; trans . ent . soc . lond . 1869 ( 4 ) : 282 ; tl : timor

e . kenya ( coastal ) , e . tanzania ( coastal ) . see [ maps ]

usambara ( ward , 1872 ) ( diadema ) ; ent . mon . mag . 9 : 148

diadema ruhama hewitson , 1872 ; ent . mon . mag . 9 : 84 ; tl : angola

hypolymnas [ sic ] poggii dewitz , 1879 ; nova acta leop . carol . ( 2 ) 41 ( 2 ) : 25 , pl . 2 , f . 2 ; tl : guinea

diadema macularia capronnier , 1889 ; bull . ent . soc . belg . 33 : cxliv ; tl : gabon

checklist of afrotropical papilionoidea and hesperoidea ; compiled by mark c . williams , 7th ed . ( 2008 ) ( april 2007 ) ;

doctoral student ( gilbert labs ) . ; university of texas at austin , ; section of integrative biology , ; 1 university station c 0930 , ; austin , texas 78712 - 0253 . ; office : ( 512 ) 471 - 4506 ; cell : ( 512 ) 577 - 1370 ; fax : ( 512 ) 471 - 3878

butterflies of north america . 2 . scientific names list for butterfly species of north america , north of mexico .

[ ² ] this may require parentheses or not . i don ' t have the necessary information for this taxon .

results of dr . e . mjöberg ' s swedish scientific expeditions to australia . 1910 - 1913 . 21 . macrolepidoptera

voyage de découvertes de l ' astrolabe exécuté par ordre du roi , pendant les années 1826 - 1827 - 1828 - 1829 , sous le commandément de m . j . dumont d ' urville . faune entomologique de l ' océan pacifique , avec l ' illustration des insectes nouveaux recueillis pendant le voyage . lépidoptères in d ' urville ,

descriptions of some new species and a new genus of diurnal lepidoptera in the collection of herbert druce esq .

on a collection of lepidoptera obtained by the rev . s . j . whitmee from lifu ( loyalty group ) , with descriptions of new species

the lepidoptera collected during the recent expedition of h . m . s . " challenger . "

list of lepidoptera collected by mr . h . o . forbes in the islands of timor laut

on a collection of lepidoptera made by mr . f . v . kirby chiefly portuguese e . africa

the butterflies of the malay peninsula . fourth edition revised by j . n . eliot with plates by bernard d ' abrera

the genera of diurnal lepidoptera , comprising their generic characters , a notice of their habitats and transformations , and a catalogue of the species of each genus ; illustrated with 86 plates by w . c . hewitson

review of australian butterflies : distribution , life history and taxonomy . pushlished by authors , melbourne

reise der österreichischen fregatte novara um die erde in den jahren 1857 , 1858 , 1859 unter den behilfen des commodore b . von wüllerstorf - urbair . zoologischer theil . band 2 . abtheilung 2 . lepidoptera . rhopalocera

on a collection of lepidoptera made by he rev . g . brown of duke - of - york island and its neighbourhood

new species of butterflies collected by mr . c . m . woodford in the solomon islands

a list of the butterflies collected by mr . william bonny on the journey with mr . stanley from yambuya on the aruwimi river through the great forest of central africa ; with descriptions of nine new species

descriptions of ten new species of butterflies from the north - west coast of madagascar , captured by mr . j . t . last , in the collection of mr . h . grose smith

from new guinea ( parts i - iii ) - made by mr . w . doherty at humboldt bay , dutch new guinea , and in neighbouring islands , in the museum of the honourable walter rothschild at tring , with descriptions of new species

illustrations of new species of exotic butterflies selected chiefly from the collections of w . wilson saunders and william c . hewitson

lepidoptera of the congo . being a systematic list of the butterflies and moths collected by the american museum of natural history congo expedition together with descriptions of some hitherto undescribed species

new lepidoptera collected by mr . t . a . barns , in east central africa . new forms of rhopalocera

systema naturae per regna tria naturae , secundum clases , ordines , genera , species , cum characteribus , differentiis , symonymis , locis . tomis i . 10th edition

des ritters carl von linné königlich schwedischen leib - arztes u . u . vollständiges natursystem nach der zwölften lateinischen ausgabe und nach anleitung des hollän - dischen houttuynischen werks mit einer ausfürlichen erklärung ausgefertigt

some formosan butterflies of new species , new race , new aberrant forms or little known species and forms . [ in japanese ]

on the lepidoptera in the tring museum sent by mr . a . s . meek from the admiralty islands , dampier and vulcan islands

kafferlandets dag - fjärilar , insamlade åren 1838 - 1845 af j . a . wahlberg / lepidoptera rhopalocera in terra caffrorum annis 1838 - 1845 collecta a j . a . wahlberg

if you have corrections , comments or information to add into these pages , just send mail to markku savela keep in mind that the taxonomic information is copied from various sources , and may include many inaccuracies . expert help is welcome .

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except where otherwise noted , content on this site is licensed under a creative commons attribution cc by licence .

here are links to some excellent images of the eight - spot ' s host plants taken by lauren gutirrez .

this question is for testing whether or not you are a human visitor and to prevent automated spam submissions .

no critical habitat rules have been published for the mariana eight - spot butterfly .

- - natureserve explorer is a source for authoritative conservation information on more than 50 , 000 plants , animals and ecological communtities of the u . s and canada . natureserve explorer provides in - depth information on rare and endangered species , but includes common plants and animals too . natureserve explorer is a product of natureserve in collaboration with the natural heritage network .

fws digital media library - - the u . s . fish and wildlife service ' s national digital library is a searchable collection of selected images , historical artifacts , audio clips , publications , and video .

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javascript is turned off in your web browser . please turn it on to take full advantage of arctos , or try our html specimensearch option .

it seems these are more " available " lately . but i predict it ' s just temporary and will return to being an obscure species impossible to get

glad i got my pair when i did , i think all species from new caledonia will be hard to get in future , montrouzieri , amynthor and the like .

urltoken , a crowd - sourced science project . contribute to science and transcribe butterfly labels while playing a fun game .

japanese have now a permanent contact on taliabu . that ' s why dimona is now offered . with impressive recent delias discoveries ( d . kazueae , d . yagishi ' tai , d . apatela taliabu ) , a local butterfly business is now sustainable . dunc < very true , nc bans the trade of more and more species . . .

saundersii was for sale a few weeks ago from a guy in england on ebay without antenna but apart from that i have never seen it offered , dimona is still too expensive for me .

sold 3 of them in january at 100 € each . . . not so expensive .

sold 3 of them in january at 100 € each . . . not so expensive . wish i had known before i bought the teinopalpus aureus lot from greg , i would have bought a couple .

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aureus butterflies & insects jens jakusch ringstraße 12 54329 konz germany phone . de : 06501 / 8098362 internatonal : + 49 6501 8098362 business hours : mo - fr 11 . 00 - 18 . 00 e - mail : aureus - butterflies @ urltoken


viewed ( 4 october 2003 – 18 april 2010 ) was an australian thoroughbred racehorse who won the 148th melbourne cup on 4 november 2008 .

prior to the cup , viewed won the ajc listed japan racing association ( jra ) plate on april 30 , 2008 and two months later he qualified by winning the group 2 brisbane cup on 9 june 2008 .

viewed

viewed <EOT> the official time of the race will now be recorded as viewed ' s .

1520s , from view ( n . ) . related : viewed ; viewing .

it is viewed in some of them as an essential prop to existing governments .

life and death are one thread , the same line viewed from different sides .

bart cummings holds last year ' s melbourne cup aloft after viewed raced to victory .

it viewed them with tolerance until they were found out , when it raised its hands .

rawiller took viewed back towards the tail of the field from barrier 13 and the heavyweight rider had viewed travelling on the rail as the field turned out of the straight the first time .

photo finish . . . viewed hangs on against the fast finishing bauer . photo : john woudstra

during tuesday the body was viewed by the tenants on the estate , the neighbors and friends .

viewed gave cummings his 12th melbourne cup winner after winning his first with light fingers in 1965 .

all the latest horse racing form , betting odds , news , breeding , jockey and trainer information for viewed . viewed is a stallion born in 2003 october 4 by scenic out of lovers knot

and the highest viewed death battle is . . . . - off - topic - comic vine

viewed takes a rails run on the way to claiming the caulfield cup from roman emporer and vigor .

viewed beats bauer to the line in the melbourne cup . photograph : william west / afp / getty images

life and death are one thread , the same line viewed from different sides . - lao tzu - brainyquote

viewed ( rail ) , ridden by blake shinn , and bauer , with corey brown in the saddle , drive for the post in today ' s heart - stopping cup finish . viewed paid more than $ 40 in tote betting .

natural death as viewed by the medical examiner : a review of 1000 consecutive autopsies of individuals dying of natural disease .

viewed ' s win gave cummings a 250th group one race victory . for the owner it was a fourth flemington classic .

viewed finally got clear at the 300 metres to charge to the line to take the $ 2 . 5 million feature .

veteran trainer bart cummings ' horse viewed is on track to defend its melbourne cup title after taking out the caulfield cup .

viewed takes a rails run on the way to claiming the caulfield cup from roman emporer and vigor . photo : vince caligiuri

his 12th melbourne cup winner , viewed , had just thrashed his rivals but cummings didn ' t quite see it that way .

natural death as viewed by the medical examiner : a review of 1000 consecutive autopsies of individuals dying of natural disease . - pubmed - ncbi

brisbane cup winner viewed has given veteran trainer bart cummings his 12th melbourne cup in a thrilling photo finish ahead of luca cumani ' s bauer .

viewed is a six - year - old stallion by scenic ( ire ) out of lovers knot ( nz ) . ( khozaam ( usa ) ) .

he begins by saying that death is really something that can be viewed as a wonderful thing for the christian . how so ? dr . lutzer explains :

viewed has broken an 18 - year drought for bart cummings after leading home a quinella for the master trainer in the group i bmw caulfield cup on saturday .

baroness thatcher would have viewed the parties held to celebrate her death as a " remarkable tribute " to her achievements , one of her closest friends has said .

that ' ' lucky ' ' rails run helped viewed to a breathtaking 2¼ length victory over stablemate roman emperor to bring up cummings ' seventh win in the caulfield cup .

racing victoria ltd chief handicapper greg carpenter said he would announce any penalty for viewed tomorrow , but gave cummings some hope that the penalty would not be excessive . he said that the higher a horse was weighted , the greater the impact of a penalty so viewed may get as low as 1 . 5 kilograms or as high as two kilograms .

viewed earned $ 3 . 3 million for its owner , dato tan chin nam , and paid a whopping $ 46 . 50 to those who follow the master rather than form .

viewed relaxed well and was ready to make ground on the inside when pushed along by rawiller to take advantage of all other riders moving away from the fence from the 1000 metres .

cups king bart cummings created yet more history when outsider viewed , ridden by blake shinn , took out the $ 5 . 65 million melbourne cup after a photo finish at flemington this afternoon .

cummings might have been shuffling but viewed certainly wasn ' t , the five - year - old stallion triumphing in an epic finish , galloping to the lead in the straight and somehow holding on .

viewed ' s victory gave cummings a 12th cup victory and , as he shuffled through the media scrum to greet his charge , the grand old man of the track was already talking of a 13th .

connections of cup runner - up bauer were stunned to learn that he travelled the two miles at flemington in a quicker time than winner viewed  only to lose the race by the flare of a nostril .

â€“ the field covered the 2400 metres in 2 . 29 . 70 with the last 600 run in 36 . 82 seconds . viewed ran the fastest last 600 of the race in 35 . 96 seconds .

think big lumped 58 . 5 kilograms to win the 1975 melbourne cup and viewed is likely to carry that weight or even 59 kilograms in 17 days as his win yesterday is certain to attract a penalty .

when told of the anomaly yesterday , 81 - year - old cummings , who claimed his 12th cup with viewed ' s victory , said : " oh , that ' s all too technical for me . "

fifty years since he saddled his first melbourne cup runner , cummings unleashed viewed on an unsuspecting audience of flemington racegoers and casual observers around the country and then stood modest and unassuming in victory to accept the adulation .

letâ€™s elope was cummingsâ€™ last caulfield cup winner in 1991 but the training legend can thank a sublime ride from brad rawiller to register his seventh caulfield cup success with viewed getting home in front of the stablemate roman emperor .

but the official timings told a different story . according to microchips inserted into the saddle cloths on all the gallopers , bauer travelled the course in 3 minutes , 20 . 40 seconds  with viewed one hundredth of a second behind .

after racing midfield as the aiden o ' brien - trained alessandro volta set a hot pace , viewed - a 45 - 1 roughie on the tote - moved into the race on the turn and took over with 300 metres to travel .

remarkably , viewed ' s owner dato tan chin nam has won four melbourne cups , but a gold caulfield cup had eluded him until yesterday . ' ' he felt left out , so i had to do something about it , ' ' cummings quipped .

viewed ( brad rawiller ) 57kg ( $ 13 ) defeated roman emperor ( hugh bowman ) 54kg ( $ 15 ) by 2 - 1 / 4 lengths with a half - length back to vigor ( corey brown ) 51kg ( $ 15 ) in third place .

with the winning post in sight , bauer , piloted by corey brown , broke free of the pack to mount a challenge worthy of victory but , just when it appeared as if bauer would run down the frontrunner , viewed kicked again and held out by a nose .

after yesterday ' s victory with topweight of 57 kilograms , viewed is now likely to be forced to either match or better the weight - carrying effort of cummings ' dual melbourne cup winner of the 1970s , think big , if he is to complete the cups double at flemington .

the luca cumani trained - bauer emerged from the pack to challenge and looked set to get to him but under hard riding from shinn , viewed held on to win by a nose . the john sadler - trained c ' est la guerre ran on well two lengths further back in third position .

viewed entered the cup with a patchy preparation - 10th in the caulfield cup a fortnight ago and then last in the mackinnon stakes at flemington last saturday . not even the cummings connection could keep him in the market as money tumbled out for mad rush , bauer ' s stablemate , which started favourite .

cummings ' achievement yesterday was not just confined to the winner viewed . he became only the third trainer to win a melbourne cup one year and a caulfield cup the next year - the first since rising fast in 1954 - 55 - and went close to equalling one of phar lap ' s records .

" the difference came about because the timing devices are in the saddles , whereas the judges decide who has won the race by which horse ' s head crosses the line first : sadly our guy is a bit smaller than viewed , " explained simon o ' donnell , one of bauer ' s owners .

while bauer stands at a diminutive 15 hands 3 inches , which means he is 1 . 6 metres from the ground to his withers , viewed is 16 hands . " in racing they say millimetres can mean millions and i guess what happened to bauer proves it , " said o ' donnell , a former australian cricketer .

bauer , the only european horse to stay the test , gave himself every chance to run down viewed and failed by the smallest of margins , leaving trainer luca cumani to ponder another tilt . last year he was second with purple moon and , in the sprint to the post , the english - based italian must have thought he was going to go one better .

luca cumani came agonisingly close to winning the melbourne cup but , for the second year in a row , came up short as his bauer was beaten in a photo by the 40 - 1 shot viewed . the winner gave famed australian trainer bart cummings , who will be 81 next week , a record 12th success in the race , which no other trainer has won more than five times .

trainer lee freedman did not have a runner yesterday but watched the race with much interest . freedman , who has won four caulfield cups and has one of the favourites for the melbourne cup in speed gifted , said all plaudits should go to the winner : ' ' the measure in handicaps is always exactly that . viewed was no . 1 and topweight and they couldn ' t beat him . ' '

this melbourne cup victory sealed legendary trainer bart cummings in the history books with his 12 th triumph at flemington ; it was shinn’s first cup win . one of the closest finishes in the race’s history , requiring a photo finish to seek out the champion . five - year - old viewed , seen as the long shot of the race , was found to have won by a nose over the english bauer after improving his position and leading from the 350 metre mark .

this was the most publicized tour we ever took and one of the most successful from the standpoint of the number of viewers and the number of objects viewed , even from the standpoint of the number and size of the telescopes . so many people saw things through so many large telescopes that it elicited a great deal of comment . many wanted to know where to find us again and several people said that looking through the telescopes had been the highlight of their trip .

cups king bart cummings lived up to his nickname when he claimed his seventh caulfield cup courtesy of melbourne cup hero viewed today . brilliantly ridden by brad rawiller , who notched his first win in the time - honoured race , viewed settled near the tail of the field early but came through along the rails in the straight to comfortably account for stablemate roman emperor and vigor . it was cummings ' seventh caulfield cup win and came 18 years after his last , let ' s elope . the master trainer had previously won the 2400m group 1 feature with galilee ( 1966 ) , big philou ( 1969 ) , leilani ( 1974 ) and ming dynasty in 1977 and 1980 . asked what it took to be so successful in the $ 2 . 5 million race , cummings said : " just a good horse , a few of them . " it was cummings ' 255th group 1 success . " he ' s a very good rider , " cummings said of rawiller . " he took the short cuts . " rawiller was ecstatic after the race . " i had a lot of confidence coming into this week , " he said . " it ' s easy to do when you ' ve got bart cummings as the trainer . " it was viewed ' s first win since his melbourne cup victory last year and took his record to 32 starts for nine wins and six placings and prizemoney in excess of $ 5 . 7 million . aap

cumani also fielded the more fancied mad rush in his attempt to improve on the second place achieved by his purple moon last year , but the 4 - 1 shot could only plug on at one pace into seventh . meanwhile , bauer , who had been held up at the back alongside his stablemate , flew down the outside and looked the likely winner but was beaten by a nose . gamblers on the betfair website were so sure he would win that viewed was on offer at 10 - 1 as he passed the post in front .

the favourite mad rush settled back in the field and ran on fairly without ever looking a winning chance . at the presentation , cummings said it was great to see an australian horse win the melbourne cup as the international raiders again threatened to take home the trophy . " it ' s great to see the aussies succeed , not only in racing but in cricket , " cummings said , in reference to his horse edging out english horse bauer . " but i really thought it would have been a dead heat . " where they finished : 1 . viewed 2 . bauer 3 . c ' est la guerre 4 . master o ' reilly 5 . profound beauty 6 . moatize 7 . mad rush 8 . nom du jeu 9 . zipping 10 . newport 11 . ice chariot 12 . guyno 13 . littorio 14 . varevees 15 . boundless 16 . red lord 17 . prize lady 18 . septimus 19 . barbaricus 20 . alessandro volta 21 . honolulu ( last ) gallopin failed to finish - with scott spits

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the age : national , world , business , entertainment , sport and technology news from melbourne ' s leading newspaper . skip directly to : search box , section navigation , content . text version .

the age : national , world , business , entertainment , sport and technology news from melbourne ' s leading newspaper .

the two horses flashed past the post together on tuesday and were separated only after stewards studied a high - resolution image that showed bart cummings ' runner just millimetres ahead on the line .

the times recorded are accurate , with the microchips sending a signal to a cable placed under the track at 200 - metre intervals .

the difference was $ 2 , 465 , 000 , with prize money of $ 3 . 3 million for the winner and $ 835 , 000 for second .

" but we were all delighted with the way he ran and it was a massive thrill to get so close , " o ' donnell said .

francesca cumani , who oversaw bauer ' s preparation following his arrival from england five weeks ago , was philosophical . " i guess if we come back next year we ' ll have to bring horses with long necks and big heads , " she joked .

a similar case arose at the 1988 cup , when natski , a small bay , was pipped by new zealand giant empire rose . the photo finish showed natski ' s rump ahead of empire rose ' s , but the mare ' s long neck got her over the line .

tuesday ' s result could at least bring a new variant on an old joke .

a horse walks into a bar and the bartender says , " why the long face ? " answer : to win the melbourne cup .

when news happens : send photos , videos & tip - offs to 0406 the age ( 0406 843 243 ) , or us .

urltoken urltoken urltoken the age 2008 - 11 - 09 not always to the swiftest : how bauer ' won ' the cup tom reilly sport horseracing http : / / www . urltoken / news / sport / horse - racing / swick - earns - tilt - at - hong - kong - success / 2008 / 11 / 08 / 1225561205408 . html swick earns tilt at hong kong success text / html - document http : / / www . urltoken / news / sport / horse - racing / stewards - suspend - four - more - jockeys / 2008 / 11 / 08 / 1225561205411 . html stewards suspend four more jockeys text / html - document http : / / www . urltoken / news / sport / horse - racing / late - starter - quick - finisher / 2008 / 11 / 08 / 1225561205417 . html late starter , quick finisher text / html - document http : / / www . urltoken / news / sport / horse - racing / thats - my - boys - boy / 2008 / 11 / 08 / 1225561205422 . html that ' s my boy ' s boy text / html - document http : / / www . urltoken / news / sport / horse - racing / capecover - starts - his - run - at - 2009 - cup / 2008 / 11 / 08 / 1225561205425 . html capecover starts his run at 2009 cup text / html - document http : / / www . urltoken / news / sport / horse - racing / bart - proves - master - magician / 2008 / 11 / 08 / 1225561205428 . html bart proves master magician text / html - document http : / / www . urltoken / news / sport / horse - racing / road - to - rock - ready - for - sandown - classic / 2008 / 11 / 08 / 1225561210472 . html road to rock ready for sandown classic text / html - document http : / / www . urltoken / news / sport / horse - racing / two - berry - good - reasons - to - celebrate / 2008 / 11 / 08 / 1225561210469 . html two berry good reasons to celebrate text / html - document http : / / www . urltoken / news / sport / horse - racing / late - start - a - blessing / 2008 / 11 / 08 / 1225561210475 . html late start a blessing text / html - document

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the sydney morning herald : national , world , business , entertainment , sport and technology news from australia ' s leading newspaper . skip directly to : search box , section navigation , content . text version .

the sydney morning herald : national , world , business , entertainment , sport and technology news from australia ' s leading newspaper .

racing identity emma freedman visits those enjoying the plush surrounds of the birdcage at this year ' s melbourne cup .

take a look at the best fashion on display at this year ' s competition .

the melbourne cup has been run and won with the foreign invasion repelled for another year . and who better to do it than the master himself , the man of the magical twirling eyebrows , cup king bart cummings ?

" i do make it a habit of winning this race , someone told me and i said it ' s a good habit to get into , " cummings said .

emotional ? " not really , " cummings said . " it happens to be a nice win , that ' s all . it ' s nice to win a race that everyone in australia wants to win , particularly my owners . "

the best in the world - including the best stayer in europe , septimus , prepared by the best trainer in the world , aidan o ' brien - weren ' t good enough to unseat cummings who claimed an unprecedented dozen . imagine how long it might take for that record to be broken .

" geez , he ' s the master , bart cummings . you just can ' t underestimate him , " said winning jockey blake shinn .

the jockey was yearning for the post to save him and worried , in those final few seconds , that he might have run too early .

" to win the melbourne cup for a living legend in the sport is a great honour and i thank him very much for giving me the opportunity , " shinn said .

" i can ' t believe it . it ' s one of the greatest moments in sport , to be able to ride the melbourne cup winner .

" i ' m just speechless . i ' m going to cry . "

offices and pubs stopped for the running of the cup ; even the pokies had a brief pause in clubland . as much as the australian public enjoy the first tuesday in november , the australian racing fraternity has largely given up on breeding and preparing the quality of staying horse needed to compete with the best in europe over 3200 metres .

third was c ' est la guerre , prepared by the lloyd williams camp which carried off last year ' s cup with efficient .

even further back - so far back you have to wonder whether they left their form in singapore - came the trio prepared by o ' brien . alessandra volta had raced to the front the first time the field passed the winning post and septimus , the top weight , went along for the ride . given every chance to dictate race terms , septimus was carried into the home straight and briefly led before fading badly , along with alessandra volta and honolulu .

" this is my fourth win . i have enough . i ' m happy not to win any more , " said dato tan chin nam , not that he would complain if another were to come his way .

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they saved their money with a view to being able to buy a house someday .

urltoken unabridged based on the random house unabridged dictionary , © random house , inc . 2018

them with tolerance until they were found out , when it raised its hands .

collins english dictionary - complete & unabridged 2012 digital edition © william collins sons & co . ltd . 1979 , 1986 © harpercollins publishers 1998 , 2000 , 2003 , 2005 , 2006 , 2007 , 2009 , 2012

early 14c . , " formal inspection or survey " ( of land ) ; mid - 14c . , " visual perception , " from anglo - french

) . sense of " manner of regarding something " first recorded early 15c . meaning " sight or prospect of a landscape , etc . " is recorded from c . 1600 .

see bird ' s eye view ; in ( view ) the light of ; in view ; on view ; point of view ; take a dim view ; with a view to .

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the win also gave cummings , who started training in 1953 , his 250th group one victory .

* rank is current power ranking among all active horses , based on highest hrn rating . rating is based on hrn member voting .

meydan gateway towers trophy ( handicap ) : for northern hemisphere 4 + yo & southern hemisphere 3 + yo rated 100 + .

winx ' s staying power as one of the world ' s top rac . . .

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peter sagan is a triple world champion and the most charismatic rider in professional road cycling . he is now the leader of the 2018 tour de france , writes rob arnold .

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the 2001 to 2010 melbourne cup winners list is dominated by one name – makybe diva . she managed to take the race three times consecutively from 2003 to 2005 , finishing well ahead of the competition . this melbourne cup era had many interesting quirks , with a five year stretch where no stallion took the race . also , the first win for a full horse in this period was in 2006 , and it went to a japanese horse for the first time , delta blues . the 2010 melbourne cup also marks the 150th running , an impressive milestone for any horse race .

the new zealand bred , owned and trained mare , whose name is greek for ‘upper air’ , secured a historic double win in 2001 . ethereal became only the third mare , and eleventh horse , to win both the caulfield and melbourne cups in the same year .

with a late burst on the track , the four - year - old stole the lead from give the slip , winning by three - quarters of a length . trainer sheila laxon also hit the record books with the win as the first woman to officially train a melbourne cup winner .

ethereal went on to win the 2001 - 2002 champion stayer in the australian horse of the year awards .

the 2002 cup was an easy win for media puzzle . the strong gelding accelerated forward on the final 400 metres of the race , beating mr prudent by two lengths , landing a bittersweet victory for jockey damien oliver , whose brother was killed in a track accident the week before the race .

media puzzle was only the second european horse to win the cup , europe’s first win since 1993 . he was voted as the 2002 - 2003 champion stayer in the australian horse of the year awards .

in front of the largest crowd recorded at flemington , an amazing 122 , 736 people , makbye diva raced to melbourne cup victory in her first of three straight wins at the carnival . the first cup success for trainer david hall , makbye diva and her jockey glen boss charged down the straight entertaining the crowd with a clear and decisive win .

only the fifth horse in history to win dual melbourne cups , makybe diva positioned herself as one of the finest staying mares of all time . fighting against the heavy rain , she gave trainer lee freedman his fourth cup victory , after also triumphing at the sydney cup and placing second in the caulfield cup .

makybe diva became the first horse to win three successive melbourne cups after taking victory in 2005 at flemington . it was also a record breaker for jockey glen boss , who became the first to win three cups in a row also . winning with 58kg she broke her own weight carrying record for a mare . since described as ‘the best since phar lap’ , this race and makybe diva will be remembered forever by all those who saw the incredible victory .

all sorts of excitement surrounded the 2006 melbourne cup , as six - year - old delta blues became the first japanese raider to take victory in the race’s 146 th year . delta blues’ win for trainer katsuhiko sumii was even sweeter as his other horse pop rock landed second on the day . this significant 1 - 2 finish was only the ninth time a single trainer had two horses feature in the quinella at a melbourne cup . delta blues was only the third cup winner at the time not prepared in australia or new zealand , showing his stamina taking and keeping the lead over his stable mate pop rock .

efficient took out the 2007 melbourne cup , overtaking purple moon on the straight to beat him to the line by half a length at flemington . showing great speed and stamina , after racing the widest on the outside of the track , efficient surged forward from 12 th place to take the lead in the last few metres .

this was the first group one victory for the black beauty , and a great comeback after having been scratched from the previous year’s race . no horse since phar lap did as efficient , claiming melbourne cup victory a year after winning the victoria derby .

the 2009 melbourne cup saw shocking live up to his name as he pulled off a victory that hardly anyone saw coming . while the prior favourites for the race languished in the middle and rear , shocking kept pace about three back until the final stretch . a strong run home gave shocking the victory over irish raiders crime scene and mourilyan .

about the race this was the 150th anniversary of the melbourne cup . americain , a french trained horse , had only one other start at the geelong cup , which he won . so you think had won two cox plates prior to the race and went in as a strong favourite . second - placed maluckyday had not had many starts , but had seen victory in the lexus stakes .

the race was run in less than ideal conditions , with fairly persistent rain affecting the track , causing it to be rated a slow ( 6 ) . the rain was so heavy that one of the nearby carparks had to be closed due to flooding . only 5 of the 24 starters were bred in australia . gai waterhouse’s descarado was injured during the race , and was officially retired twelve months later when the injury was perceived to have not healed satisfactorily .

emerging sprinting star nature strip is odds on to stake a claim for the $ 13m . . .

cambridge trainer tony pike is considering a spring carnival campaign for the . . .

cranbourne trainer richard laming will be chasing more rain affected tracks in . . .

the darren weir trained brave smash has been selected to race in chris waller . . .

three times group 1 winner santa ana lane will fill the slot owned by inglis . . .

head trainer david hayes has nominated the two year old good ‘n’ fast as . . .

lindsay park’s head trainer david hayes is not ruling out the chances of all . . .

egg tart wins p . j . o’shea stakes : caulfield cup 2018 spring target

urltoken is here to provide you with the best coverage of horse racing from across australia and around the world , including the melbourne cup and spring racing carnival .

newmarket - based cumani put a brave face on bauer ' s defeat in the closest finish the cup has ever produced . " we are getting closer , " he said , " and , although it is frustrating to be beaten so narrowly , on the other hand he has run a great race . he had a good run home and we are very proud of him . "

cummings , who has courted controversy by arguing that the number of foreign - trained runners should be limited , was in more magnanimous mood after the race . " i feel very sorry for luca cumani , " he said , " but it ' s great to see the aussies succeed . i thought it might have been a dead heat , it was that close . "

cumani will surely have fewer regrets than irish trainer aidan o ' brien , whose three runners all contributed to a furious pace before dropping back through the field to finish 18th , 20th and 21st of 22 runners . two of them , the favourite septimus and honolulu , came back lame .

o ' brien was later called back from the airport by the stewards to explain the poor performances of his charges . " they didn ' t run within stones of what they were , " he said . " the reason — if we did the wrong thing in quarantine , whether we travelled them wrong , whether we should have run them when they were over . there ' s a lot of things . there ' s a lot we have to learn . that ' s putting it mildly . "

dermot weld ' s profound beauty finished fifth . the irishman remains the only trainer to have won the melbourne cup from a base in the northern hemisphere , a feat he pulled off with both vintage crop ( 1993 ) and media puzzle ( 2002 ) .

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the son of scenic improved quickly to be within striking distance on the home turn before being held up behind stablemates roman emperor and allez wonder .

â€œhe followed the rail around and beat my own horse , â€ cummings said . â€œit was nice to win a caulfield cup for ( dato ) chin nam . heâ€™s won three or four melbourne cups now he has a caulfield cup . â€

viewedâ€™s win was the first time since rising fast in 1955 a melbourne cup winner has returned the following year to win the caulfield cup .

the caulfield cup was rawillerâ€™s second major win of the year after taking out the golden slipper aboard phelan ready in april .

â€œi have to say this is a much bigger thrill than the golden slipper , â€ he said . â€œto win a caulfield cup for bart is one of the best feelings a jockey can have . â€

the danny oâ€™brien - trained vigor boxed on well to take third spot , a long neck in front of daffodil .

the $ 7 favourite predatory pricer endured a horror caulfield cup , being stuck three and four wide for the entire race from his outside gate before finishing 12th .

the international challenge petered out quickly with both kirklees and cima de triomphe dropping out of contention before the home turn .

kirklees rallied late to finish seventh while cima de triomphe hit the line in 13th place .

had support in the betting ring , firming from $ 14 to $ 13 .

eased from $ 14 to $ 15 . kirklees eased from $ 8 to $ 9 . 50 and

was the big firmer on - track , tightening from $ 8 to $ 7 . the market closed at 114 percent .

just horse racing provides readers with the best free bet offers available at every online bookmaker in australia during the . . .

pivotal information in queensland racing integrity commission’s case against ben currie and four of his stable employees has emerged . cctv . . .

an international group one winner looks set to take on winx in the 2018 cox plate with confirmation that godolphin - owned benbatl . . .

despite winning the ar crewswick series final at flemington , boom colt nature strip has drifted in the everest betting . nature . . .

last years vrc oaks winner pinot has been sold to overseas interests and is unlikely to race again in australia . . . .

michelle payne has been fined over comments she made about the state of the sandown track on wednesday . the melbourne . . .

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a new dinosaur has been discovered . but did it walk on two legs or four ?

the caulfield cup horses had not even pulled up yesterday when bart cummings went to work on winning a 13th melbourne cup .

' ' i thought he was pretty lucky . got a lucky rails run , ' ' he said .

but while it was a moment for all those at caulfield to savor , cummings , who turns 82 in less than a month , was doing his best to talk it all down .

none of cummings ' other winners has been forced to carry more to win australia ' s greatest race .

' ' he should get maybe half a kilo , ' ' he suggested . ' ' maybe one at worst , ' ' he added before conceding : ' ' the handicapper is always there to beat you . ' '

the last caulfield cup winner not to receive a penalty was cummings ' great galloper , ming dynasty , in 1980 .

only one horse - master o ' reilly , 1 . 5 kilograms in 2007 - has received less than a two - kilogram penalty . but only a week earlier he gained the same penalty for both cups for winning the herbert power handicap .

cummings was three years old when phar lap became the only ajc derby winner to go on to win a melbourne cup the following season . cummings has won five ajc derbys himself and not one of his four previous winners - ivory ' s irish ( 1995 ) , beau zam ( 1988 ) , prolific ( 1984 ) or belmura lad ( 1977 ) - ever made it to a melbourne cup .

tan , who has been a client of cummings ' for almost 40 years , was at home in malaysia yesterday but his australian manager , duncan ramage was on the phone to the millionaire minutes after the race . ' ' he was very happy . he ' ll be here for the melbourne cup , ' ' he said .

the bad news for those trainers plotting revenge in the melbourne cup was that chief steward terry bailey reported that the race had no hard luck stories and was one of the cleaner caulfield cups in many years .

the only blemish on the race was the $ 3000 fine handed out to chris munce for two charges of over - using the whip . he was found to have hit the new zealand mare daffodil 16 times between the 300 - metre mark and the 100 - metre mark .

he then hit the mare eight successive times from the 100 metres to the winning post .

supermodels miranda kerr and megan gale joined in the fashion and frolics at caulfield .

miscellaneous the melbourne cup winning combination of blake shinn and bart cummings will be back in force at canterbury on wednesday as the hoop returns to sydney .

miscellaneous seven - time caulfield cup winning trainer bart cummings believes he ' ll saddle up the forgotten horse in saturday ' s edition of the group i staying feature .

topics cover : attempting to peek behind the curtain of death . how to overcome the fear of death . what actually happens at the point of transition from life , to death , to heaven ? your first hour in glory : what will heaven be like ? the descent into gloom : what will hell be like ? is god in control of how and when you die ? suicide and the christian . how to have complete assurance you are going to heaven .

copyright : 1998 , number of programs : 8 , cat . no . el

fear of death , ascent into glory , 1 cor . 3 : 22 , heb 2 : 15 , 1 john 3 : 8

john , i just marvel at the fact that there are many people who do not pay attention nor do they seriously think or plan about death . yet the fact is that it is inevitable ; absolutely inevitable . we will die and we don’t know when . today we’re going to talk about death , which , incidentally , came into the world when adam and eve sinned . they died spiritually . they were dying physically after they sinned . and , of course , they also were dying eternally . but god rescued them from eternal death .

now , physically , all of us are in a state of decline . we are all dying . well , if you were with us last time , you know that we stressed the gloomy side of death . we talked about sheol and hades . and in a future program we’re going to talk about hell , but for now , we want to talk about the ascent into glory .

you know , when you stop to think of it and you get some perspective , you realize that death really is something that is wonderful for the christian . i know that on this side of the grave it’s not wonderful ; but on the other side of the grave , it is . i have often marveled at that passage in corinthians where the apostle paul says to the people , he says , “all things are yours ; whether paul , … or cephas , … or whether life or death . ” [ 1 cor . 3 : 21 - 22 ] i thought about that and asked myself , what did paul mean that death was the possession of the christian ? then i realized , you know , that even in the days of persecution when the pagans were able to take everything from the christians .

they stripped them of their wealth , of their health , and of their very life . but you know , those early christians , bless them , they used to say , “there’s one thing that the pagans cannot take from us , and that is death . in fact , they may hasten our death and death is the possession of every single christian . ”

so , i want us to think differently about it . if you’ve believed in jesus christ as your savior , the scripture says that he came to “destroy the works of the devil” [ 1 john 3 : 8 ; heb . 2 : 14 ] and catch this , now , “to deliver those who through fear of death were all their lifetime subject to bondage . ” [ heb . 2 : 15 ]

one day i was eating with a widow . she was terrified of death , just thinking about it all the time , fearful that she might not wake up in the morning . well , i know that death has its fears , obviously , but jesus came to deliver us from the bondage of that fear .

founder and president of the john ankerberg show , the most - watched christian worldview show in america .

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according to this data about 17 million people saw the 2001 daytona 500 , the race where dale earnhardt was killed in a crash . it happened in the last lap , so probably a lot of those people were watching at the time .

hadn ' t thought about it . i would think you are right . i was watching it too .

well . . . how we didn ' t see the death per say but . . . how about the falling man from 9 / 11 ? few days after the attack i remember seeing that picture everywhere , news , i ' m the press , people even talked about it in the radio .

otherwise . . . any death during a major competition like / u / ehowie60 said or something like that . after all , mass media is relativity new , so old events may have been seen talked about ( like jfk ' s assassination ) very few saw it live

now op was quite unspecific with what execution or tragic events will matter . we never " saw " their death by our own eyes , we only saw the explosion that led to their death . never the death itself .

but yeah , many people were watching that event as well as recorded videos .

i think the assumption would be how many witnessed it as it occurred . there were a relatively small number of witnesses to jfk ' s death .

i see . i was thinking of all the times the zapruder film has been seen .

plus the movie jfk grossed over $ 70 million as well . they used the footage in there too .

/ r / history is a place for discussions about history . feel free to submit interesting articles , tell us about this cool book you just read , or start a discussion about who everyone ' s favorite figure of minor french nobility is !

conor burns , a conservative mp who visited lady thatcher on a weekly basis in her final years , said she would have been pleased they felt " so strongly " about her .

he said that when he told her that " death packs " including commemorative t - shirts had been sold at the tuc congress last year she saw them as a tribute .

he said : " funnily enough the parties that we ' re seeing , the things in some of these mining communities and those young people opening the champagne in glasgow , they ' re a remarkable tribute to her you know .

" i remember telling her last year about the tuc congress selling the thatcher death party packs .

" she said the fact that they felt so strongly about her more than 20 years after she left downing street was a tribute to the fact she had done something in politics rather than simply been someone . "

seven police officers were injured in a scuffle at a street party in bristol celebrating the death of baroness thatcher , with people carrying banners which said : " let ' s see the evil tory off in style . . . may she never ever rip . "

other parties to " celebrate " the death of the former prime minister were held in brixton , south london , and glasgow .

a senior labour source said : " ed miliband categorically condemns any celebration of lady thatcher ' s death . as he made clear yesterday she was a huge figure in british politics and on the world stage .

" while the labour party disagrees with much of what she did , we can respect her personal achievements . "

mr burns said she told him that she " could not imagine anything worse " than the iron lady , the 2011 film about her which starred meryl streep .

mr burns told sky news : " i went from leicester square to watch the iron lady to chester square to have a gin and tonic and see lady t . i told her , i ' ve just seen a film about you .