chionodes clarkei is a moth in the gelechiidae family .

it is found in north america , where it has been recorded from oregon and northern washington .

chionodes clarkei

chionodes clarkei <EOT> chionodes clarkei hodges , 1999 ; moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 228 , 333 , pl . 3 , f . 71 , pl . 5 , f . 9 ; tl : steens mt . , fish lake , 7100 , harney co . , oregon

chionodes borzella bidzilya , 2000 ; beitr . ent . 50 ( 2 ) : 391

chionodes soella huemer & sattler , 1995 ; beitr . ent . 45 ( 1 ) : 21

chionodes aprilella huemer & sattler , 1995 ; beitr . ent . 45 ( 1 ) : 24

chionodes flavipalpella huemer & sattler , 1995 ; beitr . ent . 45 ( 1 ) : 33

chionodes flavipalpella ; hodges , 1999 , moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 333

chionodes caucasiella huemer & sattler , 1995 ; beitr . ent . 45 ( 1 ) : 34

chionodes caucasiella ; hodges , 1999 , moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 333

chionodes frigidella huemer & sattler , 1995 ; beitr . ent . 45 ( 1 ) : 50

chionodes frigidella ; hodges , 1999 , moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 333

chionodes tantella huemer & sattler , 1995 ; beitr . ent . 45 ( 1 ) : 64

chionodes tantella ; hodges , 1999 , moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 333

chionodes attonita ; hodges , 1999 , moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 333

chionodes ermolaevi bidzilya , 2012 ; shilap revta lepid . 40 ( 160 ) : 422 ; tl : sakhalin

chionodes grandis clarke , 1947 ; j . wash . acad . sci . 37 : 253 ; tl : silverton , colorado

chionodes tundra bidzilya , 2012 ; shilap revta lepid . 40 ( 160 ) : 421 ; tl : jamalo - nenetskiy ar

chionodes pereyra clarke , 1947 ; j . wash . acad . sci . 37 : 253 ; tl : vero beach , florida

chionodes stefaniae ; landry & roque - albelo , 2010 , revue suisse zool . 117 ( 4 ) : 699 ( list )

chionodes salicella sattler , 1967 ; can . ent . 99 : 82 ; tl : skeena crossing , cassiar dist . , british colombia

chionodes acerella sattler , 1967 ; can . ent . 99 : 78 ; tl : izman creek , kamloops distr . , british columbia

chionodes tessa clarke , 1947 ; j . wash . acad . sci . 37 : 246 ; tl : petaluma , sonoma co . , california

chionodes canofusella clarke , 1947 ; j . wash . acad . sci . 37 : 248 ; tl : encantada , brooks co . , texas

chionodes bicolor clarke , 1947 ; j . wash . acad . sci . 37 : 250 ; tl : petaluma , sonoma co . , california

chionodes meridiochilensis king & montesinos , 2012 ; acta zool . cracov . 55 ( 1 ) : 47 ; tl : chile , region de biobio

chionodes stefaniae schmitz & landry , 2007 ; rev . suisse zool . 114 : 177 ; tl : galapagos , isabela , volcan darwin , 630m

chionodes iridescens clarke , 1947 ; j . wash . acad . sci . 37 : 244 ; tl : american lake , pierce co . , washington

chionodes pleroma ; [ nhm card ] ; hodges , 1999 , moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 32 ( note ) , 331

chionodes scotodes ; [ nhm card ] ; hodges , 1999 , moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 32 ( note ) , 331

chionodes whitmanella clarke , 1942 ; proc . u . s . nat . mus . 92 ( 3149 ) : 271 ; tl : pullmann , washington

the moths of america north of mexico including greenland . fascicle 7 . 6 . gelechioidea , gelechiidae ( part ) , gelechiinae ( part - chionodes )

the lepidoptera of white sands national monument , otero county , new mexico , usa 10 . a remarkable new white species of chionodes hübner ( gelechiidae )

chionodes sabinianae powell , 1959 ; ent . news 70 ( 5 ) : 127 ; tl : russelman park , mt diablo , contra costa co . , california

chionodes soella ; hodges , 1999 , moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 333 ; [ me3 ] , 139 , 31 ; [ fe ]

chionodes aprilella ; hodges , 1999 , moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 333 ; [ me3 ] , 141 , 31 ; [ fe ]

= chionodes psilopterus ; hodges , 1999 , moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 201 ; lee , hodges & brown , 2009 , zootaxa 2231 : 18

chionodes cusor hodges , 1999 ; moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 204 , 333 , pl . 4 , f . 75 ; tl : alamosa , colorado

chionodes offectus hodges , 1999 ; moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 219 , 333 , pl . 3 , f . 57 ; tl : boulder , colorado

chionodes fimus hodges , 1999 ; moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 204 , 333 , pl . 4 , f . 76 ; tl : schrader lake , alaska

chionodes tragicella ; [ nhm card ] ; hodges , 1999 , moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 333 ; [ me3 ] , 139 , 31 ; [ fe ]

chionodes luctuella ; [ nhm card ] ; hodges , 1999 , moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 333 ; [ me3 ] , 140 , 31 ; [ fe ]

chionodes molitor hodges , 1999 ; moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 210 , 333 , pl . 3 , f . 36 ; tl : putnam co . , illinois

chionodes boreas hodges , 1999 ; moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 211 , 333 , pl . 3 , f . 43 - 44 ; tl : nordegg , alberta

chionodes holosericella ; [ nhm card ] ; hodges , 1999 , moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 333 ; [ me3 ] , 143 , 31 ; [ fe ]

chionodes histon hodges , 1999 ; moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 221 , 333 , pl . 3 , f . 61 ; tl : penticon creek , british columbia

chionodes perpetuella ; [ nhm card ] ; hodges , 1999 , moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 333 ; [ me3 ] , 146 , 31 ; [ fe ]

chionodes apolectella ; [ nhm card ] ; hodges , 1999 , moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 333 ; [ me3 ] , 147 , 31 ; [ fe ]

chionodes hayreddini ; [ nhm card ] ; hodges , 1999 , moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 333 ; [ me3 ] , 149 , 31 ; [ fe ]

chionodes hinnella ; [ nhm card ] ; hodges , 1999 , moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 333 ; [ me3 ] , 149 , 31 ; [ fe ]

chionodes bastuliella ; [ nhm card ] ; hodges , 1999 , moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 333 ; [ me3 ] , 150 , 32 ; [ fe ]

chionodes nebulosella ; [ nhm card ] ; hodges , 1999 , moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 333 ; [ me3 ] , 152 , 32 ; [ fe ]

chionodes sagayica ; huemer & sattler , 1995 , beitr . ent . 45 ( 1 ) : 63 ; hodges , 1999 , moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 333

chionodes nitor hodges , 1999 ; moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 84 , 331 , pl . 1 , f . 59 ; tl : berkeley , alameda co , california

chionodes oecus hodges , 1999 ; moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 89 , 331 , pl . 1 , f . 63 - 64 ; tl : palm springs , california

chionodes lacticoma ; [ nhm card ] ; hodges , 1999 , moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 32 ( note ) , 331 ; [ sangmi lee & richard brown ]

chionodes icriodes ; [ nhm card ] ; hodges , 1999 , moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 32 ( note ) , 331 ; [ sangmi lee & richard brown ]

chionodes litigiosa ; [ nhm card ] ; hodges , 1999 , moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 32 ( note ) , 331 ; [ sangmi lee & richard brown ]

chionodes pentadora ; [ nhm card ] ; hodges , 1999 , moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 32 ( note ) , 331 ; [ sangmi lee & richard brown ]

chionodes dryobathra ; [ nhm card ] ; hodges , 1999 , moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 106 ( note ) , 332 ; [ sangmi lee & richard brown ]

chionodes argosema ; [ nhm card ] ; hodges , 1999 , moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 165 ( note ) , 332 ; [ sangmi lee & richard brown ]

chionodes consona ; [ nhm card ] ; hodges , 1999 , moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 165 ( note ) , 332 ; [ sangmi lee & richard brown ]

chionodes eburata ; [ nhm card ] ; hodges , 1999 , moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 165 ( note ) , 332 ; [ sangmi lee & richard brown ]

chionodes salva ; [ nhm card ] ; hodges , 1999 , moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 172 ( note ) , 332 ; [ sangmi lee & richard brown ]

chionodes sepultor hodges , 1999 ; moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 220 , 333 , pl . 3 , f . 60 ; tl : 6 mi nw newcastle , wyoming

chionodes percultor hodges , 1999 ; moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 58 , 331 , pl . 4 , f . 1 ; tl : washington mtns , near nogales , arizona

chionodes plutor hodges , 1999 ; moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 91 , 331 , pl . 1 , f . 69 ; tl : sanderson , terrell co . , texas

chionodes nepos hodges , 1999 ; moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 92 , 331 , pl . 1 , f . 71 ; tl : indio , riverside co . , california

chionodes thyotes hodges , 1999 ; moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 96 , 331 , pl . 2 , f . 1 ; tl : southmost , cameron co . , texas

chionodes soter hodges , 1999 ; moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 128 , 332 , pl . 2 , f . 39 - 41 ; tl : putnam co . , illinois

chionodes ceryx hodges , 1999 ; moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 172 , 332 , pl . 3 , f . 13 - 14 ; tl : n key largo , florida

chionodes rabula hodges , 1999 ; moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 59 , 331 , pl . 1 , f . 16 ; tl : parker island , highlands co . , florida

chionodes cacula hodges , 1999 ; moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 61 , 331 , pl . 5 , f . 1 ; tl : archbold biologial station , lake placid , florida

chionodes emptor hodges , 1999 ; moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 62 , 331 , pl . 1 , f . 17 ; tl : archbold biologial station , lake placid , florida

chionodes drapeta hodges , 1999 ; moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 63 , 331 , pl . 1 , f . 18 ; tl : key largo , monroe co . , florida

chionodes paean hodges , 1999 ; moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 93 , 331 , pl . 1 , f . 72 ; tl : jacumba , san diego co . , california

chionodes cibus hodges , 1999 ; moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 98 , 331 , pl . 2 , f . 6 ; tl : laguna atascosa , cameron co . , texas

chionodes occlusus ; [ nacl ] , # 2101 ; hodges , 1999 , moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 333 ; lee , hodges & brown , 2009 , zootaxa 2231 : 18

chionodes suasor hodges , 1999 ; moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 57 , 331 , pl . 1 , f . 14 ; tl : huntsville state park , walker co . , texas

chionodes esor hodges , 1999 ; moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 62 , 331 , pl . 1 , f . 19 ; tl : big pine key , monroe co . , florida

chionodes tarmes hodges , 1999 ; moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 66 , 331 , pl . 4 , f . 5 ; tl : t2n r14w s31 , allegan co . , michigan

chionodes macor hodges , 1999 ; moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 88 , 331 , pl . 1 , f . 62 ; tl : saratoga springs , san bernardino co . , california

chionodes irreptor hodges , 1999 ; moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 143 , 332 , pl . 2 , f . 53 ; tl : garner state park , uvalde co . , texas

chionodes restio hodges , 1999 ; moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 148 , 332 , pl . 2 , f . 58 - 59 ; tl : sonoma , sonoma co . , california

chionodes ludio hodges , 1999 ; moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 152 , 332 , pl . 2 , f . 64 ; tl : new lisbon , burlington co . , new jersey

chionodes obelus hodges , 1999 ; moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 186 , 332 , pl . 3 , f . 16 ; tl : hayfork ranger station , trinity co . , california

chionodes kubai hodges , 1999 ; moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 188 , 332 , pl . 4 , f . 43 ; tl : pne hill , el dorado co . , california

chionodes rectifex hodges , 1999 ; moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 199 , 333 , pl . 3 , f . 23 - 24 ; tl : pensacola , escambia co . , florida

chionodes aleo hodges , 1999 ; moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 202 , 333 , pl . 4 , f . 71 ; tl : cedar pass campground , modoc co . , california

chionodes rupex hodges , 1999 ; moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 203 , 333 , pl . 4 , f . 74 ; tl : green river lake , wind river range , wyoming

chionodes fictor hodges , 1999 ; moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 219 , 333 , pl . 3 , f . 58 ; tl : atigun pass & below , brooks range , alaska

chionodes praecia hodges , 1999 ; moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 222 , 333 , pl . 3 , f . 63 - 64 ; tl : vineyard , utah co . , utah

chionodes pulvis hodges , 1999 ; moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 69 , 331 , pl . 1 , f . 30 ; tl : san bruno mtns , san mateo co . , california

chionodes bios hodges , 1999 ; moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 191 , 332 , pl . 4 , f . 47 ; tl : 4 mi n prescott , yavapai co . , arizona

chionodes tannuolella ; [ nhm card ] ; huemer & sattler , 1995 , beitr . ent . 45 ( 1 ) : 32 ; hodges , 1999 , moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 333

chionodes lictor hodges , 1999 ; moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 222 , 333 , pl . 3 , f . 62 ; tl : mt . shasta city , shasta co . , california

chionodes procus hodges , 1999 ; moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 92 , 331 , pl . 1 , f . 70 ; tl : gran quivira national monument , socorro co . , new mexico

chionodes lector hodges , 1999 ; moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 121 , 332 , pl . 2 , f . 25 - 26 ; tl : woodwardia canyon e , riverside co . , california

chionodes sevir hodges , 1999 ; moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 137 , 332 , pl . 4 , f . 24 ; tl : highlands , 3865 ' , macon co . , north carolina

chionodes baro hodges , 1999 ; moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 144 , 332 , pl . 2 , f . 54 ; tl : highlands , 3865 ' , macon co . , north carolina

chionodes popa hodges , 1999 ; moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 167 , 332 , pl . 3 , f . 6 - 7 ; tl : mint canyon , los angeles co . , california

chionodes donatella ; hodges , 1999 , moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 169 , 332 , pl . 3 , f . 9 ; lee , hodges & brown , 2009 , zootaxa 2231 : 16

chionodes petro hodges , 1999 ; moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 169 , 332 , pl . 3 , f . 10 ; tl : 2 mi ne lakeside , san diego co . , california

chionodes dolo hodges , 1999 ; moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 198 , 333 , pl . 3 , f . 22 ; tl : dempster highway , km 155 , 1050m , yukon , canada

chionodes praeco hodges , 1999 ; moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 209 , 333 , pl . 3 , f . 34 - 35 ; tl : ocqueoc lake , presque isle co . , michigan

chionodes manabiensis schmitz & landry , 2007 ; rev . suisse zool . 114 : 180 ; tl : ecuador , manabi , parque nacional machalilla , los frailes , s 01°29 . 340 ' , w 80°46 . 868 40m

chionodes hapsus hodges , 1999 ; moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 55 , 331 , pl . 1 , f . 12 ; tl : devil ' s den state park , washington co . , arkansas

chionodes volo hodges , 1999 ; moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 75 , 331 , pl . 1 , f . 38 ; tl : fort davis , 5000 ' , jeff davis co . , texas

chionodes landryi hodges , 1999 ; moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 95 , 331 , pl . 1 , f . 76 ; tl : lost river valley , 10 km s onefour , alberta , cadana

chionodes factor hodges , 1999 ; moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 196 , 333 , pl . 4 , f . 60 ; tl : big bear lake , 6800 , san bernardino co . , california

chionodes trico hodges , 1999 ; moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 211 , 333 , pl . 3 , f . 45 - 46 ; tl : hardy work center , lawrence co . , south dakoa

chionodes impes hodges , 1999 ; moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 227 , 333 , pl . 3 , f . 70 , pl . 5 , f . 4 ; tl : kamiak butte , washington

chionodes sannio hodges , 1999 ; moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 70 , 331 , pl . 1 , f . 31 ; tl : 2 . 5 mi west fort simcoe , yakima co . , washington

chionodes stator hodges , 1999 ; moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 71 , 331 , pl . 1 , f . 32 ; tl : 2 . 5 mi west fort simcoe , yakima co . , washington

chionodes meddix hodges , 1999 ; moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 73 , 331 , pl . 1 , f . 35 ; tl : clear creek camp , se camp verde , yavapai co . , arizona

chionodes pavor hodges , 1999 ; moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 80 , 331 , pl . 1 , f . 49 ; tl : camp baldy , san bernardino mtns , san bernardino co . , california

chionodes pacator hodges , 1999 ; moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 82 , 331 , pl . 1 , f . 53 ; tl : mt lowe , san gabriel mtns , los angeles co . , california

chionodes regens hodges , 1999 ; moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 85 , 331 , pl . 1 , f . 61 ; tl : hackberry lake , valenine national wildlife refuge , cherry co . , nebraska

chionodes morus hodges , 1999 ; moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 103 , 331 , pl . 4 , f . 22 ; tl : ciervo hills , 18 mi sw medota , fresno co . , califoria

chionodes cautor hodges , 1999 ; moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 142 , 332 , pl . 2 , f . 52 ; tl : green gulch , big bend national park , brewster co . , texas

chionodes mikkolai hodges , 1999 ; moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 208 , 333 , pl . 3 , f . 33 ; tl : carmacks , 62°05 ' n , 136°20 ' w , yukon , canada

chionodes franclemonti hodges , 1999 ; moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 65 , 331 , pl . 4 , f . 2 - 4 ; tl : wrangle brook road , lakehurst , ocean co . , new jersey

chionodes sanator hodges , 1999 ; moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 85 , 331 , pl . 1 , f . 60 ; tl : sw res sta , 5400 , chiricahua mts , cochise co . , arizona

chionodes repertor hodges , 1999 ; moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 89 , 331 , pl . 1 , f . 65 ; tl : 7 mi e jacob lake , coconino co . , 6800 ' , arizona

chionodes adamas hodges , 1999 ; moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 150 , 332 , pl . 2 , f . 61 - 63 ; tl : devil ' s den state park , washington co . , arkansas

chionodes elainae hodges , 1999 ; moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 192 , 332 , pl . 4 , f . 50 ; tl : onion saddle , 7600 ' , chiricahua mtns , cochise co . , arizona

chionodes hospes hodges , 1999 ; moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 196 , 333 , pl . 4 , f . 61 - 62 ; tl : 9 mi sw atascadero , san luis obispo co . , california

chionodes sponsus hodges , 1999 ; moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 207 , 333 , pl . 4 , f . 81 ; tl : sierra diable wildlife management area , 6400 ' , culberson co . , texas

chionodes theurgis hodges , 1999 ; moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 213 , 333 , pl . 3 , f . 47 ; tl : 4 mi sw buean vista , 8700 ' , chaffee co . , colorado

chionodes imber hodges , 1999 ; moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 71 , 331 , pl . 1 , f . 33 - 34 ; tl : hackberry lake , valentine nationa wildlife reserve , cherry co . , nebraska

chionodes naevus hodges , 1999 ; moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 77 , 331 , pl . 1 , f . 41 ; tl : cave creek canyon , 5400 ' , chiricahua mtns , cochise co . , arizona

chionodes davisi hodges , 1999 ; moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 78 , 331 , pl . 1 , f . 42 ; tl : southwest research station , 5400 ' , chiricahua mtns , cochise co . , arizona

chionodes delitor hodges , 1999 ; moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 83 , 331 , pl . 1 , f . 58 ; tl : k bar ranch , chisos mtns , 3400 ' , brewster co . , texas

chionodes bardus hodges , 1999 ; moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 99 , 331 , pl . 4 , f . 10 ; tl : santa barbara island , channel island national park , santa barbara co . , california

chionodes metoecus hodges , 1999 ; moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 125 , 332 , pl . 2 , f . 32 - 34 ; tl : snake creek , 3 mi nw midway , wasatch co . , utah

chionodes optio hodges , 1999 ; moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 154 , 332 , pl . 4 , f . 32 ; tl : mt locke , davis mtns , 6700 ' , jeff davis co . , texas

chionodes agriodes ; [ nacl ] , # 2059 ; [ nhm card ] ; hodges , 1999 , moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 202 , 333 ; lee , hodges & brown , 2009 , zootaxa 2231 : 15

chionodes bustosorum metzler , 2016 ; zootaxa 4109 ( 3 ) : 373 ; tl : new mexico , otero co . , white sands nat . mon . , 106°1 . 38 ' w ; 32°46 . 60 ' n 4 , 000 '

chionodes powelli hodges , 1999 ; moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 52 , 331 , pl . 1 , f . 2 ; tl : snake lake , 4 mi nw quincy , 4000 ' , plumas co . , california

chionodes abavus hodges , 1999 ; moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 64 , 331 , pl . 1 , f . 20 ; tl : madera canyon , santa rita mts , 4880 ' , santa cruz co . , arizona

chionodes obex hodges , 1999 ; moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 75 , 331 , pl . 1 , f . 39 ; tl : madera canyon , santa rita mtns , 4880 ' , santa cruz co . , arizona

chionodes munifex hodges , 1999 ; moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 76 , 331 , pl . 1 , f . 40 ; tl : madera canyon , santa rita mtns , 4880 ' , santa cruz co . , arizona

chionodes sabinianae ; [ nhm card ] ; hodges , 1999 , moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 79 , 331 , pl . 1 , f . 48 ; lee , hodges & brown , 2009 , zootaxa 2231 : 19

chionodes rector hodges , 1999 ; moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 83 , 331 , pl . 1 , f . 56 - 57 ; tl : 5 mi n buena vista , 8200 ' , chaffee co . , colorado

chionodes fremor hodges , 1999 ; moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 128 , 332 , pl . 2 , f . 38 ; tl : madera canyon , santa rita mtns , 4880 ' , santa cruz co . , arizona

chionodes lusor hodges , 1999 ; moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 130 , 332 , pl . 2 , f . 42 ; tl : madera canyon , santa rita mtns , 4880 ' , santa cruz co . , arizona

chionodes erro hodges , 1999 ; moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 134 , 332 , pl . 4 , f . 23 ; tl : madera canyon , santa rita mtns , 4880 ' , santa cruz co . , arizona

chionodes altor hodges , 1999 ; moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 141 , 332 , pl . 4 , f . 30 ; tl : madera canyon , santa rita mtns , 4880 ' , santa cruz co . , arizona

chionodes pinax hodges , 1999 ; moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 149 , 332 , pl . 2 , f . 60 ; tl : hart prairie , 10 mi nnw flagstaff , 8500 ' , coconino co . , arizona

chionodes messor hodges , 1999 ; moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 153 , 332 , pl . 2 , f . 65 ; tl : 1 mi ne san marcos pass , 1500 ' , santa barbara co . , california

chionodes magirus hodges , 1999 ; moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 157 , 332 , pl . 4 , f . 34 ; tl : madera canyon , santa rita mtns , 4880 ' , santa cruz co . , arizona

chionodes gestor hodges , 1999 ; moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 159 , 332 , pl . 2 , f . 74 ; tl : madera canyon , santa rita mtns , 4880 ' , santa cruz co . , arizona

chionodes bibo hodges , 1999 ; moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 162 , 332 , pl . 3 , f . 3 ; tl : madera canyon , santa rita mtns , 5600 ' , santa cruz co . , arizona

chionodes luror hodges , 1999 ; moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 193 , 332 , pl . 4 , f . 51 ; tl : west fork , 6500 ' , 16 mi sw flagstaff , coconino co . , arizona

chionodes gratus hodges , 1999 ; moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 203 , 333 , pl . 3 , f . 28 ; tl : big timber canyon , 6500 ' , half moon park , crazy mts . , montana

chionodes senica hodges , 1999 ; moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 206 , 333 , pl . 4 , f . 79 ; tl : hart prairie , 8500 ' , 10 mi nnw flagstaff , coconino co . , arizona

chionodes dator hodges , 1999 ; moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 206 , 333 , pl . 4 , f . 80 ; tl : louis lake , 28 mi sw lander , 8600 ' , fremont co . , wyoming

chionodes ustor hodges , 1999 ; moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 207 , 333 , pl . 3 , f . 32 ; tl : bridger forest camp , 7500 ' , wind river mtns , sublette co . , wyoming

chionodes rogator hodges , 1999 ; moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 208 , 333 , pl . 4 , f . 82 - 83 ; tl : mosca creek , great sand dunes national monument , alamosa co . , colorado

chionodes veles hodges , 1999 ; moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 212 , 333 , pl . 4 , f . 84 ; tl : castles , 8 mi e buena vista , 8800 ' , chaffee co . , colorado

chionodes gerdius hodges , 1999 ; moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 214 , 333 , pl . 4 , f . 87 ; tl : oso flaco lake , 5 mi s oceano , san luis obispo co . , california

chionodes latro hodges , 1999 ; moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 224 , 333 , pl . 3 , f . 68 - 69 ; tl : lake delancy , ocala national forest read 75 , mario co . , florida

chionodes rhombus hodges , 1999 ; moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 105 , 331 , pl . 2 , f . 9 ; tl : fort valley , 7 . 5 mi nw flagstaff , 7350ä , coconino co . , arizona

chionodes tributor hodges , 1999 ; moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 214 , 333 , pl . 3 , f . 48 ; tl : ozena camp , cuyama river , 1 mi e hiway 33 , ventura co . , california

chionodes ensis hodges , 1999 ; moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 216 , 333 , pl . 3 , f . 50 - 51 ; tl : head of ephraim canyon , 10000 - 10300 ' , sanpete co . , utah

chionodes nubilella ; huemer & sattler , 1995 , beitr . ent . 45 ( 1 ) : 35 ; hodges , 1999 , moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 333 ; [ me3 ] , 145 , 31 ; [ fe ]

chionodes donahueorum hodges , 1999 ; moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 68 , 331 , pl . 1 , f . 28 - 29 ; tl : mt washington district , 840 ' , los angeles , los angeles co . , california

chionodes parens hodges , 1999 ; moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 136 , 332 , pl . 2 , f . 50 - 51 ; tl : madera canyon , santa rita mtns , 4880 ' , santa cruz co . , arizona

chionodes adam hodges , 1999 ; moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 140 , 332 , pl . 4 , f . 28 - 29 ; tl : madera canyon , santa rita mtns , 4880 ' , santa cruz co . , arizona

chionodes nubis hodges , 1999 ; moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 156 , 332 , pl . 2 , f . 67 - 68 ; tl : hart prairie , 10 mi nnw flagstaff , 8500 ' , coconino co . , arizona

chionodes innox hodges , 1999 ; moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 158 , 332 , pl . 2 , f . 69 - 73 ; tl : madera canyon , santa rita mtns , 5600 ' , santa cruz co . , arizona

chionodes canofusella ; [ nacl ] , # 2066 ; hodges , 1999 , moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 189 , 332 , pl . 3 , f . 17 ; lee , hodges & brown , 2009 , zootaxa 2231 : 15

chionodes psilopterus ; [ nacl ] , # 2111 ; hodges , 1999 , moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 201 , 333 , pl . 3 , f . 26 ; lee , hodges & brown , 2009 , zootaxa 2231 : 18

chionodes metallicus ; [ nacl ] , # 2094 ; hodges , 1999 , moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 220 , 333 , pl . 3 , f . 59 ; lee , hodges & brown , 2009 , zootaxa 2231 : 17

chionodes canor hodges , 1999 ; moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 221 , 333 , pl . 3 , f . 25 ; tl : fort valley , 7 . 5 mi nw flagstaff , 7350 ' , coconino co . , arizona

chionodes abitus hodges , 1999 ; moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 56 , 331 , pl . 1 , f . 13 ; tl : cold creek , 5 mi s buck creek ranger station , 6300 ' , modoc co . , california

chionodes lactans hodges , 1999 ; moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 74 , 331 , pl . 1 , f . 36 - 37 ; tl : sierra diablo , 20 mi nnw van horn , 6000 ' , culberson co . , texas

chionodes fructuarius ; [ nacl ] , # 2078 ; hodges , 1999 , moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 97 , 331 , pl . 2 , f . 4 - 5 ; lee , hodges & brown , 2009 , zootaxa 2231 : 16

chionodes luteogeminatus ; [ nacl ] , # 2091 ; hodges , 1999 , moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 100 , 331 , pl . 4 , f . 11 - 12 ; lee , hodges & brown , 2009 , zootaxa 2231 : 17

chionodes helicostictus ; [ nacl ] , # 2083 ; hodges , 1999 , moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 102 , 331 , pl . 4 , f . 16 - 18 ; lee , hodges & brown , 2009 , zootaxa 2231 : 16

chionodes pallor hodges , 1999 ; moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 197 , 333 , pl . 3 , f . 20 - 21 ; tl : fort valley , 7350 ' , 7 . 5 mi nw flagstaff , coconino co . , arizona

chionodes nigrobarbatus ; [ nacl ] , # 2097 ; hodges , 1999 , moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 223 , 333 , pl . 3 , f . 65 - 66 ; lee , hodges & brown , 2009 , zootaxa 2231 : 17

chionodes praetor hodges , 1999 ; moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 224 , 333 , pl . 3 , f . 67 , pl . 4 , f . 90 ; tl : head ephraim canyon , 10300 ' , sanpete co . , utah

chionodes permactus ; [ nacl ] , # 2106 ; hodges , 1999 , moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 228 , 333 , pl . 5 , f . 5 - 8 ; lee , hodges & brown , 2009 , zootaxa 2231 : 18

chionodes violacea ; [ nhm card ] ; huemer & sattler , 1995 , beitr . ent . 45 ( 1 ) : 25 ; hodges , 1999 , moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 333 ; [ me3 ] , 142 , 31 ; [ fe ]

chionodes distinctella ; [ nhm card ] ; huemer & sattler , 1995 , beitr . ent . 45 ( 1 ) : 42 ; hodges , 1999 , moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 333 ; [ me3 ] , 148 , 31 ; [ fe ]

chionodes electella ; [ nhm card ] ; huemer & sattler , 1995 , beitr . ent . 45 ( 1 ) : 52 ; hodges , 1999 , moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 333 ; [ me3 ] , 150 , 32 ; [ fe ]

chionodes fumatella ; [ nhm card ] ; huemer & sattler , 1995 , beitr . ent . 45 ( 1 ) : 59 ; hodges , 1999 , moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 333 ; [ me3 ] , 153 , 32 ; [ fe ]

chionodes ignorantella ; [ nhm card ] ; huemer & sattler , 1995 , beitr . ent . 45 ( 1 ) : 65 ; hodges , 1999 , moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 333 ; [ me3 ] , 154 , 32 ; [ fe ]

chionodes argentipunctella ; [ nacl ] , # 2061 ; [ nhm card ] ; hodges , 1999 , moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 55 , 331 , pl . 1 , f . 11 ; lee , hodges & brown , 2009 , zootaxa 2231 : 15

chionodes gilvomaculella ; [ nacl ] , # 2080 ; [ nhm card ] ; hodges , 1999 , moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 59 , 331 , pl . 1 , f . 15 ; lee , hodges & brown , 2009 , zootaxa 2231 : 16

chionodes periculella ; [ nacl ] , # 2105 ; [ nhm card ] ; hodges , 1999 , moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 80 , 331 , pl . 1 , f . 49 ; lee , hodges & brown , 2009 , zootaxa 2231 : 18

chionodes xanthophilella ; [ nacl ] , # 2125 ; [ nhm card ] ; hodges , 1999 , moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 90 , 331 , pl . 1 , f . 66 ; lee , hodges & brown , 2009 , zootaxa 2231 : 19

chionodes sistrella ; [ nacl ] , # 2116 ; [ nhm card ] ; hodges , 1999 , moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 93 , 331 , pl . 1 , f . 73 ; lee , hodges & brown , 2009 , zootaxa 2231 : 19

chionodes hodgesorum metzler , 2014 ; j . lep . soc . 68 ( 2 ) : 81 ; tl : new mexico , otero co . , white sands nat . monument , edge of dunes habitat , 106°11 . 32 ' w , 32°45 . 72 ' n , 4000 '

chionodes paralogella ; [ nacl ] , # 2103 ; [ nhm card ] ; hodges , 1999 , moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 100 , 331 , pl . 4 , f . 13 ; lee , hodges & brown , 2009 , zootaxa 2231 : 18

chionodes salicella ; [ nacl ] , # 2114 ; [ nhm card ] ; hodges , 1999 , moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 120 , 331 , pl . 2 , f . 22 ; lee , hodges & brown , 2009 , zootaxa 2231 : 19

chionodes acerella ; [ nacl ] , # 2057 ; [ nhm card ] ; hodges , 1999 , moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 124 , 332 , pl . 2 , f . 31 ; lee , hodges & brown , 2009 , zootaxa 2231 : 15

chionodes terminimaculella ; [ nacl ] , # 2117 ; [ nhm card ] ; hodges , 1999 , moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 132 , 332 , pl . 2 , f . 46 ; lee , hodges & brown , 2009 , zootaxa 2231 : 19

chionodes pastor hodges , 1999 ; moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 155 , 332 , pl . 2 , f . 66 , pl . 4 , f . 33 ; tl : great basin exp staion nr ephraim , 8850 ' , sanpete co . , utah

chionodes fondella ; [ nacl ] , # 2076 ; [ nhm card ] ; hodges , 1999 , moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 160 , 332 , pl . 3 , f . 1 ; lee , hodges & brown , 2009 , zootaxa 2231 : 16

chionodes pseudofondella ; [ nacl ] , # 2110 ; [ nhm card ] ; hodges , 1999 , moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 161 , 332 , pl . 3 , f . 2 ; lee , hodges & brown , 2009 , zootaxa 2231 : 18

chionodes mariona ; [ nacl ] , # 2092 ; [ nhm card ] ; hodges , 1999 , moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 168 , 332 , pl . 3 , f . 8 ; lee , hodges & brown , 2009 , zootaxa 2231 : 17

chionodes halycopa ; [ nacl ] , # 2082 ; [ nhm card ] ; hodges , 1999 , moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 171 , 332 , pl . 2 , f . 12 ; lee , hodges & brown , 2009 , zootaxa 2231 : 16

chionodes hibiscella ; [ nacl ] , # 2084 ; [ nhm card ] ; hodges , 1999 , moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 190 , 332 , pl . 4 , f . 46 ; lee , hodges & brown , 2009 , zootaxa 2231 : 16

chionodes aristella ; [ nacl ] , # 2062 ; [ nhm card ] ; hodges , 1999 , moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 195 , 333 , pl . 4 , f . 56 ; lee , hodges & brown , 2009 , zootaxa 2231 : 15

chionodes mongolica ; [ nhm card ] ; hodges , 1999 , moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 333 ; [ me3 ] , 142 , 31 ; park & ponomarenko , 2006 , shilap revta . lepid . 34 ( 135 ) : 280 ; [ fe ]

chionodes hostis hodges , 1999 ; moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 122 , 332 , pl . 2 , f . 23 - 24 ; tl : major ' s flat near ephraim canyon , oak / pinyon junipre zone , 7100 ' , sanpete co . , utah

chionodes fuscomaculella ; [ nacl ] , # 2079 ; [ nhm card ] ; hodges , 1999 , moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 53 , 331 , pl . 1 , f . 3 - 6 ; lee , hodges & brown , 2009 , zootaxa 2231 : 16

chionodes bicostomaculella ; [ nacl ] , # 2064 ; [ nhm card ] ; hodges , 1999 , moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 54 , 331 , pl . 1 , f . 7 - 9 ; lee , hodges & brown , 2009 , zootaxa 2231 : 15

chionodes lophosella ; [ nacl ] , # 2089 ; [ nhm card ] ; hodges , 1999 , moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 67 , 331 , pl . 1 , f . 21 - 23 ; lee , hodges & brown , 2009 , zootaxa 2231 : 17

chionodes nanodella ; [ nacl ] , # 2095 ; [ nhm card ] ; hodges , 1999 , moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 68 , 331 , pl . 1 , f . 24 - 27 ; lee , hodges & brown , 2009 , zootaxa 2231 : 17

chionodes abella ; [ nacl ] , # 2055 ; [ nhm card ] ; hodges , 1999 , moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 79 , 331 , pl . 1 , f . 43 - 47 ; lee , hodges & brown , 2009 , zootaxa 2231 : 15

chionodes kincaidella ; [ nacl ] , # 2086 ; [ nhm card ] ; hodges , 1999 , moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 87 , 331 , pl . 4 , f . 6 - 9 ; lee , hodges & brown , 2009 , zootaxa 2231 : 17

chionodes pinguicula ; [ nacl ] , # 2109 ; [ nhm card ] ; hodges , 1999 , moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 90 , 331 , pl . 1 , f . 67 - 68 ; lee , hodges & brown , 2009 , zootaxa 2231 : 18

chionodes dentella ; [ nacl ] , # 2071 ; [ nhm card ] ; hodges , 1999 , moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 95 , 331 , pl . 1 , f . 74 - 75 ; lee , hodges & brown , 2009 , zootaxa 2231 : 16

chionodes abdominella ; [ nacl ] , # 2054 ; [ nhm card ] ; hodges , 1999 , moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 97 , 331 , pl . 2 , f . 2 - 3 ; lee , hodges & brown , 2009 , zootaxa 2231 : 15

chionodes dammersi ; [ nacl ] , # 2070 ; [ nhm card ] ; hodges , 1999 , moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 101 , 331 , pl . 4 , f . 14 - 15 ; lee , hodges & brown , 2009 , zootaxa 2231 : 16

chionodes notandella ; [ nacl ] , # 2098 ; [ nhm card ] ; hodges , 1999 , moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 102 , 331 , pl . 4 , f . 19 - 21 ; lee , hodges & brown , 2009 , zootaxa 2231 : 17

chionodes ochreostrigella ; [ nacl ] , # 2102 ; [ nhm card ] ; hodges , 1999 , moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 104 , 331 , pl . 2 , f . 7 - 8 ; lee , hodges & brown , 2009 , zootaxa 2231 : 18

chionodes thoraceochrella ; [ nacl ] , # 2119 ; [ nhm card ] ; hodges , 1999 , moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 117 , 331 , pl . 2 , f . 13 - 17 ; lee , hodges & brown , 2009 , zootaxa 2231 : 19

chionodes chrysopyla ; [ nacl ] , # 2068 ; [ nhm card ] ; hodges , 1999 , moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 119 , 331 , pl . 2 , f . 18 - 21 ; lee , hodges & brown , 2009 , zootaxa 2231 : 15

chionodes obscurusella ; [ nacl ] , # 2099 ; [ nhm card ] ; hodges , 1999 , moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 123 , 332 , pl . 2 , f . 27 - 30 ; lee , hodges & brown , 2009 , zootaxa 2231 : 18

chionodes occidentella ; [ nacl ] , # 2100 ; [ nhm card ] ; hodges , 1999 , moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 127 , 332 , pl . 2 , f . 35 - 37 ; lee , hodges & brown , 2009 , zootaxa 2231 : 18

chionodes trichostola ; [ nacl ] , # 2120 ; [ nhm card ] ; hodges , 1999 , moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 135 , 332 , pl . 2 , f . 47 - 49 ; lee , hodges & brown , 2009 , zootaxa 2231 : 19

chionodes acrina ; [ nacl ] , # 2058 ; [ nhm card ] ; hodges , 1999 , moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 139 , 332 , pl . 4 , f . 25 - 27 ; lee , hodges & brown , 2009 , zootaxa 2231 : 15

chionodes secutor hodges , 1999 ; moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 146 , 332 , pl . 2 , f . 55 , pl . 4 , f . 31 ; tl : davis mnts , 5 mi se livermore , 6000 ' , jeff davis co . , texas

chionodes trophella ; [ nacl ] , # 2121 ; [ nhm card ] ; hodges , 1999 , moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 147 , 332 , pl . 2 , f . 56 - 57 ; lee , hodges & brown , 2009 , zootaxa 2231 : 19

chionodes discoocellella ; [ nacl ] , # 2072 ; [ nhm card ] ; hodges , 1999 , moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 170 , 332 , pl . 3 , f . 11 - 12 ; lee , hodges & brown , 2009 , zootaxa 2231 : 16

chionodes ceanothiella ; [ nacl ] , # 2067 ; [ nhm card ] ; hodges , 1999 , moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 187 , 332 , pl . 4 , f . 41 - 42 ; lee , hodges & brown , 2009 , zootaxa 2231 : 15

chionodes aruns hodges , 1999 ; moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 189 , 332 , pl . 3 , f . 18 , pl . 4 , f . 44 ; tl : sierra diablo , 20 mi nnw van horn , 6000 ' , culberson co . , texas

chionodes retiniella ; [ nacl ] , # 2112 ; [ nhm card ] ; hodges , 1999 , moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 192 , 332 , pl . 4 , f . 48 - 49 ; lee , hodges & brown , 2009 , zootaxa 2231 : 19

chionodes arenella ; [ nacl ] , # 2060 ; [ nhm card ] ; hodges , 1999 , moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 193 , 332 , pl . 4 , f . 52 - 53 ; lee , hodges & brown , 2009 , zootaxa 2231 : 15

chionodes figurella ; [ nacl ] , # 2073 ; [ nhm card ] ; hodges , 1999 , moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 194 , 333 , pl . 4 , f . 54 - 55 ; lee , hodges & brown , 2009 , zootaxa 2231 : 16

chionodes braunella ; [ nacl ] , # 2065 ; [ nhm card ] ; hodges , 1999 , moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 225 , 333 , pl . 4 , f . 91 - 93 ; lee , hodges & brown , 2009 , zootaxa 2231 : 15

chionodes flavicorporella ; [ nacl ] , # 2074 ; [ nhm card ] ; hodges , 1999 , moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 229 , pl . 3 , f . 72 - 73 , 333 ; lee , hodges & brown , 2009 , zootaxa 2231 : 16

chionodes sattleri hodges , 1999 ; moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 218 , 333 , pl . 3 , f . 54 - 56 , pl . 4 , f . 89 ; tl : bog e of big indian lake , halifax watershed , halifax co . , nova scotia

chionodes ( gelechiini ) ; [ me3 ] , 137 , 31 ; [ sangmi lee ] ; landry & roque - albelo , 2010 , revue suisse zool . 117 ( 4 ) : 704 , 699 ( list ) ; lee , hodges & brown , 2009 , zootaxa 2231 : 15 ; [ fe ]

chionodes johnstoni ; brown , adamski , hodges & bahr , 2004 , zootaxa 510 : 76 ; hodges , 1999 , moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 81 , 331 , pl . 1 , f . 51 - 52 ; lee , hodges & brown , 2009 , zootaxa 2231 : 17

chionodes formosella ; [ nacl ] , # 2077 ( rev . stat . ) ; [ nhm card ] ; hodges , 1999 , moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 50 , 331 , pl . 1 , f . 1 ; lee , hodges & brown , 2009 , zootaxa 2231 : 16

chionodes praeclarella ; [ nhm card ] ; hodges , 1999 , moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 200 , 333 , pl . 4 , f . 64 - 67 ; [ me3 ] , 144 , 31 ; lee , hodges & brown , 2009 , zootaxa 2231 : 18 ; [ fe ]

chionodes mediofuscella ; [ nacl ] , # 2093 ; [ nhm card ] ; hodges , 1999 , moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 131 , 332 , pl . 2 , f . 43 - 45 ; [ sangmi lee & richard brown ] ; lee , hodges & brown , 2009 , zootaxa 2231 : 17

chionodes iridescens ; brown , adamski , hodges & bahr , 2004 , zootaxa 510 : 75 ; [ nacl ] , # 2085 ; [ nhm card ] ; hodges , 1999 , moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 54 , 331 , pl . 1 , f . 10 ; lee , hodges & brown , 2009 , zootaxa 2231 : 17

chionodes pereyra ; brown , adamski , hodges & bahr , 2004 , zootaxa 510 : 109 ; [ nacl ] , # 2104 ; [ nhm card ] ; hodges , 1999 , moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 163 , 332 , pl . 3 , f . 4 ; lee , hodges & brown , 2009 , zootaxa 2231 : 18

chionodes grandis ; brown , adamski , hodges & bahr , 2004 , zootaxa 510 : 64 ; [ nacl ] , # 2081 ; [ nhm card ] ; hodges , 1999 , moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 195 , 333 , pl . 3 , f . 19 ; lee , hodges & brown , 2009 , zootaxa 2231 : 16

chionodes tessa ; brown , adamski , hodges & bahr , 2004 , zootaxa 510 : 137 ; [ nacl ] , # 2118 ; [ nhm card ] ; hodges , 1999 , moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 82 , 331 , pl . 1 , f . 54 - 55 ; lee , hodges & brown , 2009 , zootaxa 2231 : 19

chionodes petalumensis ; brown , adamski , hodges & bahr , 2004 , zootaxa 510 : 111 ; [ nacl ] , # 2107 ; [ nhm card ] ; hodges , 1999 , moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 164 , 332 , pl . 4 , f . 36 - 38 ; lee , hodges & brown , 2009 , zootaxa 2231 : 18

chionodes bicolor ; brown , adamski , hodges & bahr , 2004 , zootaxa 510 : 24 ; [ nacl ] , # 2063 ; [ nhm card ] ; hodges , 1999 , moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 205 , 333 , pl . 3 , f . 29 - 30 ; lee , hodges & brown , 2009 , zootaxa 2231 : 15

chionodes whitmanella ; brown , adamski , hodges & bahr , 2004 , zootaxa 510 : 147 ; [ nacl ] , # 2124 ; [ nhm card ] ; hodges , 1999 , moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 205 , 333 , pl . 3 , f . 31 , pl . 4 , f . 77 - 78 ; lee , hodges & brown , 2009 , zootaxa 2231 : 19

chionodes viduella ; [ nacl ] , # 2123 ; [ nhm card ] ; huemer & sattler , 1995 , beitr . ent . 45 ( 1 ) : 54 ; hodges , 1999 , moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 215 , 333 , pl . 3 , f . 49 ; [ me3 ] , 32 ; lee , hodges & brown , 2009 , zootaxa 2231 : 19 ; [ fe ]

chionodes continuella ; [ nacl ] , # 2069 ; [ nhm card ] ; huemer & sattler , 1995 , beitr . ent . 45 ( 1 ) : 37 ; hodges , 1999 , moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 216 , 333 , pl . 3 , f . 52 - 53 , pl . 4 , f . 88 ; [ me3 ] , 145 , 31 ; lee , hodges & brown , 2009 , zootaxa 2231 : 16 ; [ fe ]

= ; hodges , 1999 , moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 15 ; [ sangmi lee ] ; lee , hodges & brown , 2009 , zootaxa 2231 : 15

formosella ; hodges , 1999 , moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 32 , 331

formosella ; hodges , 1999 , moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 50 , 331

nova scotia , sw . manitoba , north carolina , missouri . see [ maps ]

= gelechia vernella ; busck , 1903 , proc . u . s . nat . mus . 25 ( 1304 ) : 884

= ; [ nacl ] , # 2077 ; [ nhm card ] ; hodges , 1999 , moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 50 , 331 ; lee , hodges & brown , 2009 , zootaxa 2231 : 16

larva on quercus imrbricaria ? q . rubra , q . velutina , q . alba , ostrya virginiana hodges , 1999 , moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 52

california , oregon , washington , texas , oklahoma , arkansas , louisiana , mississippi , florida . see [ maps ]

larva on quercus lobata , q . kelloggii , q . garryana hodges , 1999 , moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 52

nova scotia , quebec - florida , sw . wisconsin , e . texas , e . oklahoma . see [ maps ]

= ; [ nacl ] , # 2079 ; [ nhm card ] ; hodges , 1999 , moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 53 , 331 ; lee , hodges & brown , 2009 , zootaxa 2231 : 16

larva on quercus macrocarpa , q . rubra , fagus grandifolia , carya hodges , 1999 , moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 53

= ; busck , 1903 , proc . u . s . nat . mus . 25 ( 1304 ) : 879 ; [ nacl ] , # 2064 ; [ nhm card ] ; hodges , 1999 , moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 54 , 331 ; lee , hodges & brown , 2009 , zootaxa 2231 : 15

larva on quercu hodges , 1999 , moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 54

s . yukon - washington , northwest territories - nova scotia . see [ maps ]

larva on arctostaphylos uva - ursi clarke , 1947 , j . wash . acad . sci . 37 : 244

vermont , se . ontario , new jersey , illinois , connecticut . see [ maps ]

gelechia argentipunctella ely , 1910 ; proc . ent . soc . wash . 12 ( 2 ) : 70 ; tl : east river , connecticut

larva on alnus , corylus americana hodges , 1999 , moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 55


ixodes neuquenensis is a species of tick that lives on the monito del monte ( dromiciops gliroides ) , a nocturnal marsupial that lives in the northern temperate forests of southern south america .

due to the near-threatened status of its host , ixodes neuquenensis is also at risk .

ixodes neuquenensis

ixodes neuquenensis <EOT> borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato in ixodes cf . neuquenensis and ixodes sigelos ticks from the patagonian region of argentina

borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato in ixodes cf . neuquenensis and ixodes sigelos ticks from the patagonian region of argentina - sciencedirect

have a fact about ixodes neuquenensis ? write it here to share it with the entire community .

have a definition for ixodes neuquenensis ? write it here to share it with the entire community .

it is the first report of borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato in ixodes ticks from brazil .

the presence of ixodes neuquenensis ( ringuelet , notas mus la plata 12 : 207–216 , 1947 ) ( acari : ixodidae ) parasitizing populations of dromiciops gliroides thomas , 1894 ( microbiotheria : microbiotheriidae ) at chiloé island confirms that this tick species is established in chile . no preference of the ticks for sex or age of the host was observed .

nuttall , g . h . f . ( 1916 ) . notes on ticks . iv . relating to the genus ixodes and including a description of three new species and two new varieties .

benson mj , gawronski jd , eveleigh d , e , benson dr . intracellular symbionts and other bacteria associated with deer ticks ( ixodes scapularis ) from nantucket and wellfleet , cape cod , massachusetts .

in summary , this study provides solid evidence for extending the range of lb borreliae to the western coast of south america . it also serves as a basis for further studies of relationships of b . chilensis with ixodes ticks and rodents , and the pathogenic relevance of this genospecies .

almost two years ago , we launched pubmed journals , an ncbi labs project . pubmed journals helped people follow the latest biomedical literature by making it easier to find and follow journals , browse new articles , and included a journal news feed to track new arrivals news links , trending articles and important article updates .

pubmed journals was a successful experiment . since september 2016 , nearly 20 , 000 people followed 10 , 453 distinct journals . each customer followed 3 journals on average .

though pubmed journals will no longer exist as a separate entity , we hope to add its features into future ncbi products . we appreciate your feedback over the years that made pubmed journals a productive test of new ideas .

ncbi labs is ncbi’s product incubator for delivering new features and capabilities to ncbi end users .

these keywords were added by machine and not by the authors . this process is experimental and the keywords may be updated as the learning algorithm improves .

amico , g . & aizen , m . a . ( 2000 ) mistletoe seed dispersal by a marsupial .

armesto , j . j . , rozzi , r . , smith - ramírez , c . & arroyo , m . t . k . ( 1998 ) conservation targets in south american temperate forests .

black , w . c . & piesman , j . ( 1994 ) phylogeny of hard - and softtick taxa ( acari : ixodida ) based on mitochondrial 16s rdna sequences .

. buenos aires : departamento editorial , universidad de buenos aires , 113 pp .

clifford , c . m . , sonenshine , d . e . , keirans , j . e . & kohls , g . m . ( 1973 ) systematics of the subfamily ixodinae ( acarina : ixodidae ) . 1 . the subgenus of

corwin , d . , clifford , c . m . & keirans , j . e . ( 1979 ) an improved method for cleaning and preparing ticks for examination with the scanning electron microscope .

keirans , j . e . ( 1992 ) systematics of the ixodida ( argasidae , ixodidae , nuttalliellidae ) : an overview and some problems .

mangold , a . j . , bargues , m . d . & mas coma , s . ( 1998 ) 18s rrna gene sequences and phylogenetic relationships of european hard - tick species ( acari : ixodidae ) .

nuttall , g . h . f . ( 1916 ) notes on ticks . iv . relating to the genus

spotorno , a . e . , marin , j . c . , yévenes , m . , wlaker , l . i . , fernández - donoso , r . , pincheira , j . , berríos , m . e . & palma , r . e . ( 1997 ) chromosome divergences among american and the australian affinities of the american dromiciops .

springer , m . s . , westerman , m . , kavanagh , j . r . , burk , a . , woodburne , m . o . , kao , d . j . & krajewski , c . ( 1998 ) the origin of the australasian marsupial fauna and the phylogenetic affinities of the enigmatic monito del monte and marsupial mole .

thompson , j . d . , higgins , d . g . & gibson , t . j . ( 1994 ) clustal w : improving the sensitivity of progressive multiple sequence alignment through sequence weighting , position - specific penalties weight matrix choice .

confused by a class within a class or an order within an order ? please see our brief essay .

to cite this page : myers , p . , r . espinosa , c . s . parr , t . jones , g . s . hammond , and t . a . dewey . 2018 . the animal diversity web ( online ) . accessed at https : / / animaldiversity . org .

disclaimer : the animal diversity web is an educational resource written largely by and for college students . adw doesn ' t cover all species in the world , nor does it include all the latest scientific information about organisms we describe . though we edit our accounts for accuracy , we cannot guarantee all information in those accounts . while adw staff and contributors provide references to books and websites that we believe are reputable , we cannot necessarily endorse the contents of references beyond our control .

this material is based upon work supported by the national science foundation grants drl 0089283 , drl 0628151 , due 0633095 , drl 0918590 , and due 1122742 . additional support has come from the marisla foundation , um college of literature , science , and the arts , museum of zoology , and information and technology services .

this translation tool is powered by google . fao is not responsible for the accuracy of translations .

marín - vial , paula ; gonzález - acuña , daniel ; celis - diez , juan l . ; cattan , pedro e . ; guglielmone , alberto a .

) . the " mountain monkey " is the only species still alive from an ancient lineage dating back more than 40 million years . due to habitat loss , the population of this little marsupial has declined over recent years . this is bad news for

because it is a very host - specific tick . if the " mountain monkey " goes extinct , it will also spell doom for this tick , along with a whole suite of other parasites and symbionts which are dependent upon this little marsupial . reference : guglielmone aa , venzal jm , amico g , mangold aj , keirans je ( 2004 ) description of the nymph and larva and redescriptions of the female of

if i ' m not mistaken , there is at least one extinct parasite described from a frozen mammoth .

tommy - i think we had this conversation once before ! the parasite is a stomach bot , cobboldia russanovi . look at entomol . rev . 52 : 165 - 169 .

hint : you ' re just looking at the tip of the iceberg . . .

if you think you or your pets have a parasite , please seek the appropriate care you need from your own doctor or veterinarian .

why parasite of the day ? ( if it ' s not every day . . . )

the united nations declared 2010 the international year of biodiversity . in celebration of the enormous diversity of parasites and to highlight their importance , we created this blog , which showcased a species of parasite every day . now that 2010 is over , we will continue to add more parasites from time to time , and write about any newly published research on parasite species that we have posted about yet .

see this post from the start of 2011 where we discuss the sheer scale of parasite biodiversity , and this post from the end of 2011 pretty much summarizes the mission of this blog .

got parasites ? the american society of parasitologists is interested . we invite you to share with us your observations , ideas and questions about parasites . our members and the journal of parasitology represent a wide range of research interests including ecology , evolution , systematics , immunology , biochemistry and molecular biology . please post any aspect of parasitology you wish to share with us on our facebook group page . please go to our home page at

bush , albert , gerald esch and jacqueline fernandez . parasitism : the diversity and ecology of animal parasites . cambridge university press .

combes , claude . the art of being a parasite . university of chicago press .

desowitz , robert . new guinea tapeworms and jewish grandmothers . norton & company .

desowitz , robert . the malaria capers : tales of parasites and people . norton and compay .

moore , janice . parasites and the behavior of animals . oxford university press .

zuk , marlene . riddled with life : friendly worms , ladybug sex , and the parasites that make us who we are . mariner books

javascript is disabled on your browser . please enable javascript to use all the features on this page .

copyright © 2018 elsevier b . v . or its licensors or contributors . sciencedirect ® is a registered trademark of elsevier b . v .

sign in to disable all ads . thank you for helping build the largest language community on the internet .

have a better pronunciation ? upload it here to share it with the entire community .

simply select a language and press on the speaker button to listen to the pronunciation of the word . leave a vote for your preferred pronunciation .

. buenos aires : departamento editorial de la universida de buenos aires , 113 pp .

les tiques du monde . nomenclature , stades décrits , hôtes , répartition ( acarida , ixodida )

corwin , d . , clifford , c . m . , & keirans , j . e . ( 1979 ) . an improved method for cleaning and preparing ticks for examination with the scanning electron microscope .

keirans , clifford & corwin , 1976 ( acari : ixodidae ) in argentina and southern chile .

neumann , 1911 ( acari : ixodidae ) : morphological and preliminary molecular evidences from 16srdna sequences .

guglielmone , a . a . , robbins , r . g . , apanaskevich , d . a . , petney , t . n . , estrada - peña , a . , & horak , i . g . ( 2009 ) . comments on controversial tick ( acari : ixodida ) species names and species described or resurrected from 2003 to 2008 .

horak , i . g . , camicas , j . l . , & keirans , j . e . ( 2002 ) . the argasidae , ixodidae and nuttalliellidae acari : ixodida ) : a world list of valid tick names .

, n . sp . ( acarina : ixodidae ) , a parasite of rodents in chile , with a method for preparing ticks for examination by scanning electron microscopy .

lahille , f . ( 1916 ) . descripción de un nuevo ixódido chileno .

. volume ii ( sixth edition ) . baltimore : johns hopkins university press , 1936 pp .

html public " - / / w3c / / dtd xhtml 1 . 0 transitional / / en " " urltoken "

this site uses cookies to improve performance . if your browser does not accept cookies , you cannot view this site .

there are many reasons why a cookie could not be set correctly . below are the most common reasons :

you have cookies disabled in your browser . you need to reset your browser to accept cookies or to ask you if you want to accept cookies .

your browser asks you whether you want to accept cookies and you declined . to accept cookies from this site , use the back button and accept the cookie .

your browser does not support cookies . try a different browser if you suspect this .

the date on your computer is in the past . if your computer ' s clock shows a date before 1 jan 1970 , the browser will automatically forget the cookie . to fix this , set the correct time and date on your computer .

you have installed an application that monitors or blocks cookies from being set . you must disable the application while logging in or check with your system administrator .

this site uses cookies to improve performance by remembering that you are logged in when you go from page to page . to provide access without cookies would require the site to create a new session for every page you visit , which slows the system down to an unacceptable level .

this site stores nothing other than an automatically generated session id in the cookie ; no other information is captured .

in general , only the information that you provide , or the choices you make while visiting a web site , can be stored in a cookie . for example , the site cannot determine your email name unless you choose to type it . allowing a website to create a cookie does not give that or any other site access to the rest of your computer , and only the site that created the cookie can read it .

warning : the ncbi web site requires javascript to function . more . . .

larisa b . ivanova , 1 alexandra tomova , 1 daniel gonzález - acuña , 4 roberto murúa , 5 claudia x . moreno , 1 , † claudio hernández , 6 javier cabello , 7 , 8 carlos cabello , 9 thomas j . daniels , 2 , 10 henry p . godfrey , 3 and felipe c . cabello 1 , *

† present address : grupo de microbiodiversidad y bioprospección , facultad de ciencias , departamento de biociencias , universidad nacional de colombia - medellín , calle 59a no 63 – 20 , medellín , colombia .

in an effort to explore the question of whether b . burgdorferi s . l . is present in south america , i . stilesi ticks collected from vegetation and colilargos in a forest reserve in southern chile and from captive pudus undergoing rehabilitation in the same region were examined . these ticks harbored a novel lb group borrelial species genetically distinct from other lb borreliae from north america , europe and asia . we propose this new borrelial genospecies be named borrelia chilensis va1 in honor of its country of origin .

sp . using serial dilution on solid medium and liquid media , ultrafiltration ( 0 . 2 μm and 0 . 45 μm pore sizes ) , flow cytometry , and antimicrobials ( kanamycin , erythromycin , tetracycline , gentamycin , novobiocin , vancomycin , bacitracin , cycloserine , rifampicin , phosphomycin , amphotericin b ) were unsuccessful .

subcultured at weekly intervals in bsk - h media ; early passages were stored at −80°c . cultured spirochetes frequently grew in long filamentous forms (

morphology of spirochetes from i . stilesi midgut ( a ) , or after in vitro culture for ( b ) 5 or ( c ) 12 days or after ( d ) 9 passages in bsk - h media ( magnification , 100× ) .

borrelial dna in ticks and comparison with dna from b . chilensis va1 cultured from a tick

standard and nested / seminested pcr amplification was used to detect borrelial dna in ticks obtained from the environment and from pudus and colilargos . tick 16s rdna was used as an internal control to define the quality of isolated dna . borrelial 16s rdna ( 800 bp ) was amplified from one flat male tick collected from vegetation in 2005 , two flat female ticks collected from vegetation in 2008 and two flat nymphs removed from colilargos in 2011 , including the one in which spirochetes were observed (

) . the mean prevalence of infection in ticks ( 10 % ) was not significantly different between ticks collected from environmental vegetation in 2005 - 2008 and from colilargos in 2011 ( p > 0 . 05 , fisher’s exact test ) . none of the ticks removed from pudus contained borrelial dna .

b . chilensis va1 sequences in i . stilesi ticks and in b . chilensis va1 cultured from i . stilesi

a 2005 : 13 ticks from environmental vegetation , fixed in 70 % ethanol at 4°c : 1 positive for b . chilensis va1 ( 7 . 7 % prevalence ) .

b 2008 : 25 ticks from environmental vegetation , fixed in 70 % ethanol at 4°c : 2 positive for b . chilensis va1 ( 8 . 0 % prevalence ) .

c 2011 : 12 live ticks from four long - tailed pygmy rice rats ( colilargos ) ( oligoryzomys longicaudatus ) , 2 ticks positive for b . chilensis va1 ( 17 % prevalence ) . difference in prevalence of infection between ticks obtained from environmental vegetation and ticks removed from rice rats is not significant ( p > 0 . 5 , fisher’s exact test ) .

d b . chilensis ( bch ) va1 cultured from tick 5 ( fourth passage ) . sequences for clpa , clpx , nifs , pepx , pyrg , recg , rplb and uvra were identical to those obtained directly from tick 5 .

) , indicating that they represented new alleles for each of these genes ( data not shown ) .

sequences amplified from uruguayan ticks . additional phylogenetic analyses of 23s rrna and igs sequences from several ticks confirmed that borrelial sequences amplified from chilean ticks belonged to a single well - supported clade with 98 % and 99 % support , respectively ( data not shown ) .

va1 was closely related to lb borrelia and only distantly related to rf borrelia . pairwise genetic distances of the concatenated housekeeping genes of

va1 from rf borrelia were 0 . 2859 - 0 . 3011 , while pairwise genetic differences from other lb borreliae were 0 . 0952 - 0 . 1138 (

) . all these distances are much larger than the species threshold of 0 . 0170 using this typing scheme (

va1 was characterized using pcr and pulsed - field gel electrophoresis ( pfge ) on borrelial samples taken from the upper third of culture tubes . microscopic examination of two replicate preparations showed they contained < 1 and 4 contaminating

sp . cells per 100 spirochetes . pcr and pfge results were similar with both preparations . lp17 was not present in

b31a3 by pcr and corresponded to the smallest band in pfge . of the larger borrelial plasmids , lp54 and lp56 were identified by pcr in

) probably corresponding to the four mid - range bands seen on pfge . this profile was clearly different from the mid - range profile of

plasmid profiles of b . burgdorferi b31a3 and b . chilensis va1 analyzed by ( a ) pcr using primers designed for b . burgdorferi b31 and ( b ) pfge of whole - cell dna prepared in agarose plugs . see experimental procedures for details .

ticks collected from local vegetation and from a rodent endemic to chile and argentina . dna sequencing analysis of pcr amplicons from 16s and 23s rrna genes , igs ,

s . l . complex . sequences for each gene from individual ticks ( when multiple sequences were available ) formed well - supported single clades within the lb borrelial group . furthermore , amplicons for igs ,

s . l . complex . taken in toto , these observations provide strong evidence for these sequences representing a new borrelial species and the cultured organism validly representing the borrelial dna found in ticks . we propose to name this new species

, and note that this extends the range of lb group borrelia in south america and the southern hemisphere .

) . the reason for this is not clear . it might be the result of low spirochete load given that microscopy of tick gut fluid showed 0 - 1 spirochetes per field . low spirochete load may be a general condition of southern hemisphere borrelia as recently demonstrated by the inability of barbieri et al . to amplify full sequences of a new borrelial species in ticks from uruguay (

) . other causes for this lack of amplification could be dna degradation as a result of the prolonged fixation of ticks in ethanol , the presence of pcr inhibitors in the dna extracted from the ticks , sequence heterogeneity at the priming sites or some combination of these factors . for example ,

) . the different branching orders in these trees do not reflect phylogenetic uncertainty or the evolutionary history of the species but rather reflect the evolutionary history of the particularl loci used to generate the trees . the basal position of

sp . after repeated attempts by different methods , we took advantage of the physical separation of spirochetes and gram - negative betaproteobacteria during culture to effect a partial separation of the two bacteria . pcr and pfge showed this new

b31a3 while lacking others present in this strain . some of these latter negative results may not indicate absence of particular plasmids but may be a result of sequence heterogeneity at the priming sites .

; król j . e . , rogers , l . m . , sen , d . , and top , e . m . , genbank accession

, no attendent publication ) , but the plasmid content of delftia sp . is in general poorly characterized (

by pcr , but its presence in pfge analysis could not be definitively determined because of the multiplicity of mid - range sized plasmids visible on the gel . obtaining a pure culture of this bacterium will be essential to determine its pathogenic potential . in this regard , our inability to grow

sp . may suggest a symbiotic relationship between these two bacteria and frustrate such studies .

ticks for this study were collected in the san martin experimental forest preserve ( 39°38′ s , 73°07′ w ) , universidad austral de chile , valdivia , chile and from captive pudu deer undergoing rehabilitation at the wildlife rescue center in the veterinary hospital at the faculty of veterinary sciences , universidad austral de chile , valdivia . the preserve is located in the valdivian temperate rain forest ecoregion in the eastern foothills of the pacific coastal range in region de los rios ( region xiv ) at an average elevation of 3 m above sea level . its climate is temperate and wet ( average temperature , 12 . 1°c , range 0° to 30°c ; average annual rainfall , 2 , 500 mm ) ( miller , 1976 ; veblen and schlegel , 1982 ) .

ticks were collected in 2002 , 2003 , 2005 , 2008 and 2011 . a group of 38 ticks was collected from the environment during the austral springs of 2005 and 2008 by dragging 1 m

) undergoing rehabilitation at the wildlife rescue center in the veterinary hospital , faculty of veterinary sciences , universidad austral de chile , valdivia ( one in 2002 , one in 2003 , and at least one in 2005 ) . all ticks clinging to the drag cloth or attached to the deer were removed with forceps , fixed with 70 % ethanol and stored in vials at 4°c for later identification and dna extraction . a third group of 12 ticks was removed with forceps from four colilargos (

) trapped in the reserve in september , 2011 . these ticks were stored alive in sterile glass vials at ambient temperature for later identification , borrelial culture , and dna extraction . fixed and living ticks were identified by standard tick keys (

abarca k , ribera m , prado p , lobos t , palacios o , ferres m , et al . neuroborreliosis in chile . report of a child probably infected by imported pets .

ataliba ac , resende js , yoshinari n , labruna mb . isolation and molecular characterization of a brazilian strain of

balashov ys . importance of continental drift in the distribution and evolution of ixodid ticks .

barbieri am , venzal jm , marcili a , almeida ap , gonzalez em , labruna mb .

bouchard c , beauchamp g , nguon s , trudel l , milord f , lindsay lr , et al . associations between

collares - pereira m , couceiro s , franca i , kurtenbach k , schafer sm , vitorino l , et al . first isolation of

de silva am , fikrig e , hodzic e , kantor fs , telford sr , iii , barthold sw . immune evasion by tickborne and host - adapted

dsouli n , younsi - kabachii h , postic d , nouira s , gern l , bouattour a . reservoir role of lizard

duarte jm , gonzalez s , maldonado je . the surprising evolutionary history of south american deer .

estrada - peña a , ayllon n , de la fuente j . impact of climate trends on tick - borne pathogen transmission .

fukunaga m , yanagihara y , sohnaka m . the 23s / 5s ribosomal rna genes (

gazumyan a , schwartz jj , liveris d , schwartz i . sequence analysis of the ribosomal rna operon of the lyme disease spirochete ,

gonzález - acuña d , guglielmone aa . ticks ( acari : ixodoidea : argasidae , ixodidae ) of chile .

guglielmone aa , venzal jm , gonzález - acuña d , nava s , hinojosa a , mangold aj . the phylogenetic position of

neumann , 1911 ( acari : ixodidae ) : morphological and preliminary molecular evidences from 16s rdna sequences .

guglielmone aa , beati l , barros - battesti dm , labruna mb , nava s , venzal jm , et al . ticks ( ixodidae ) on humans in south america .

guglielmone aa , nava s , gonzález - acuña d , mangold a , robbins r . additional observations on the morphology and hosts of

hail d , lauziere i , dowd se , bextine b . culture independent survey of the microbiota of the glassy - winged sharpshooter (

hanincová k , kurtenbach k , diuk - wasser m , brei b , fish d . epidemic spread of lyme borreliosis , northeastern united states .

haven j , vargas lc , mongodin ef , xue v , hernandez y , pagan p , et al . pervasive recombination and sympatric genome diversification driven by frequency - dependent selection in

heylen d , tijsse e , fonville m , matthysen e , sprong h . transmission dynamics of

hoen ag , margos g , bent sj , diuk - wasser ma , barbour ag , kurtenbach k , fish d . phylogeography of

isogai e , kamewaka y , isogai h , kimura k , fujii n , nishikawa t . complement - mediated killing of

iyer r , kalu o , purser j , norris s , stevenson b , schwartz i . linear and circular plasmid content in

jakcsic f , iriarte ja , jimenez je , martinez dr . invaders without frontiers : cross - border invasions of exotic mammals .

jewett mw , lawrence k , bestor ac , tilly k , grimm d , shaw p , et al . the critical role of the linear plasmid lp36 in the infectious cycle of

kimura m . a simple method for estimating evolutionary rates of base substitutions through comparative studies of nucleotide sequences .

kirby mx , jones ds , macfadden bj . lower miocene stratigraphy along the panama canal and its bearing on the central american peninsula .

kjelland v , ytrehus b , stuen s , skarpaas t , slettan a . prevalence of

knowles ll , richards cl . importance of genetic drift during pleistocene divergence as revealed by analyses of genomic variation .

król je , penrod jt , mccaslin h , rogers lm , yano h , stancik ad , dejonghe w , brown cj , parales re , wuertz s , top em . role of incp - 1β plasmids pwdl7 : :

kurtenbach k , kampen h , dizij a , arndt s , seitz hm , schaible ue , simon mm . infestation of rodents with larval

kurtenbach k , hanincova k , tsao ji , margos g , fish d , ogden nh . fundamental processes in the evolutionary ecology of lyme borreliosis .

kurtenbach k , gatewood a , bent sj , vollmer sa , ogden nh , margos g . population biology of lyme borreliosis spirochetes . in : robinson da , falush d , feil ej , editors .

margos g , gatewood ag , aanensen dm , hanincova k , terekhova d , vollmer sa , et al . mlst of housekeeping genes captures geographic population structure and suggests a european origin of

margos g , vollmer sa , cornet m , garnier m , fingerle v , wilske b , et al . a new

margos g , vollmer sa , ogden nh , fish d . population genetics , taxonomy , phylogeny and evolution of

marie - angele p , lommano e , humair pf , douet v , rais o , schaad m , et al . prevalence of

marín - vial p , gonzález - acuña d , celis - diez jl , cattan pe , guglielmone aa . presence of

matuschka fr , klug b , schinkel tw , spielman a , richter d . diversity of european lyme disease spirochetes at the southern margin of their range .

miller a . the climate of chile . in : schwerdtfeger w , editor .

moreno cx , moy f , daniels tj , godfrey hp , cabello fc . molecular analysis of microbial communities identified in different developmental stages of

neira o , cerda c , alvarado ma , palma s , abumohor p , wainstein e , et al . lyme disease in chile . prevalence study in selected groups .

olsén b , jaenson tg , noppa l , bunikis j , bergström s . a lyme borreliosis cycle in seabirds and

pepin km , eisen rj , mead ps , piesman j , fish d , hoen ag , et al . geographic variation in the relationship between human lyme disease incidence and density of infected host - seeking

piesman j , fikrig e . ecology of borreliae and their arthropod vectors . in : samuels ds , radolf jd , editors .

platonov ae , karan ls , kolyasnikova nm , makhneva na , toporkova mg , maleev vv , et al . humans infected with relapsing fever spirochete

sensu lato evidenced by restriction fragment length polymorphism of rrf ( 5s ) - rrl ( 23s ) intergenic spacer amplicons .

qiu wg , bruno jf , mccaig wd , xu y , livey i , schriefer me , luft bj . wide distribution of a high - virulence

radolf jd , caimano mj , stevenson b , hu lt . of ticks , mice and men : understanding the dual - host lifestyle of lyme disease spirochaetes .

rudenko n , golovchenko m , grubhoffer l , oliver jh . , jr . updates on

rudolph w , correa j , zurita l , manley w . equine piroplasmosis : leukocytic response to

schwartz jj , gazumyan a , schwartz i . rrna gene organization in the lyme disease spirochete ,

sota m , yano h , nagata y , ohtsubo y , genka h , anbutsu h , kawasaki h , tsuda m . functional analysis of unique class ii insertion sequence is1071

stolze y , eikmeyer f , wibberg d , brandis g , karsten c , krahn i , schneiker - bekel s , viehover p , barsch a , keck m , top em , niehaus k , schluter a . incp - 1β plasmids of

sp . strains isolated from a wastewater treatment plant mediate resistance to and decolorization of the triphenylmethane dye crystal violet .

takano a , goka k , une y , shimada y , fujita h , shiino t , et al . isolation and characterization of a novel

tamura k . estimation of the number of nucleotide substitutions when there are strong transition - transversion and g + c - content biases .

tamura k , peterson d , peterson n , stecher g , nei m , kumar s . mega5 : molecular evolutionary genetics analysis using maximum likelihood , evolutionary distance , and maximum parsimony methods .

telford sr , iii , mather tn , moore si , wilson ml , spielman a . incompetence of deer as reservoirs of the lyme disease spirochete .

varela as , luttrell mp , howerth ew , moore va , davidson wr , stallknecht de , little se . first culture isolation of

veblen tt , schlegel fm . ecological review of the southern forests of chile .

vitorino lr , margos g , feil ej , collares - pereira m , ze - ze l , kurtenbach k . fine - scale phylogeographic structure of

vollmer sa , bormane a , dinnis re , seelig f , dobson ad , aanensen dm , et al . host migration impacts on the phylogeography of lyme borreliosis spirochaete species in europe .

walker em , howell jk , you y , hoffmaster ar , heath jd , weinstock gm , norris sj . physical map of the genome of

wang in , dykhuizen de , qiu w , dunn jj , bosler em , luft bj . genetic diversity of

weisburg wg , barns sm , pelletier da , lane dj . 16s ribosomal dna amplification for phylogenetic study .

zouache k , raharimalala fn , raquin v , tran - van v , raveloson lh , ravelonandro p , mavingui p . bacterial diversity of field - caught mosquitoes ,


the costello tetra is a species of characin from the amazon basin and is found in brazil and peru .

the specific name comes from lake hyanuary in brazil .

other common names used in english are january tetra and green neon .

the name " green neon " is also used for paracheirodon simulans .

costello tetra

costello tetra <EOT> , the costello tetra is a species of least concern and has a stable population .

10 x yellow phantom ' four - eye ' tetra ( h . roseus )

also known as the costello or green neon tetra , this species is seen much less often in the hobby than it used to be . it’s occasionally confused with the common head and tail light tetra , h . ocellifer , as it resembles an elongated version of that species .

how to care for silvertip tetras . hasemania nana - silver tip tetra school size .

specimen from the german aquarium trade . © hippocampus - bildarchiv . hyphessobrycon roseus ( géry , 1960 ) yellow phantom tetra | freshwater fish | pinterest | aqu…

an elongate slender tetra which is pale in base colour with a vivid bright yellow lateral line from the gills to the caudal peduncle . at the caudal peduncle there is a large black dot . the caudal fin itself is sharply forked and and the fins are mainly translucent with a slight yellow tint .

html public " - / / w3c / / dtd xhtml 1 . 0 strict / / en " " urltoken "

thank you for taking the time to provide feedback on the iucn red list of threatened species website , we are grateful for your input .

justification : assessed as least concern due to its sizeable distribution , which is probably wider than known , and the lack of any known major widespread threats .

known from floodplains lakes in the solimões river ( local name of the amazon river above its confluence with the negro in brazil ) . there are no reliable records in peru but the species probably more than likely occurs there ( lima pers . comm . 2007 ) .

h . hyanuary is a benthopelagic ( ecological region at the lowest level of water body ) species . occurs in flood plain lakes .

not a significant amount taken from the wild for the pet trade to cause threat .

even if ornamental and as such exploited for the aquarium hobby , the harvest of the species is probably negligible for the species as a whole , considering that the species is probably not harvested in most of its range . it is however a species poorly known in nature .

to make use of this information , please check the < terms of use > .

5 . wetlands ( inland ) - > 5 . 1 . wetlands ( inland ) - permanent rivers / streams / creeks ( includes waterfalls ) suitability : suitable 5 . wetlands ( inland ) - > 5 . 5 . wetlands ( inland ) - permanent freshwater lakes ( over 8ha ) suitability : suitable 5 . wetlands ( inland ) - > 5 . 6 . wetlands ( inland ) - seasonal / intermittent freshwater lakes ( over 8ha ) suitability : suitable 5 . wetlands ( inland ) - > 5 . 7 . wetlands ( inland ) - permanent freshwater marshes / pools ( under 8ha ) suitability : suitable

1 . research - > 1 . 2 . population size , distribution & trends 1 . research - > 1 . 5 . threats

bassleer , g . 1997 . color guide of tropical fish diseases : on freshwater fish . bassleer biofish , westmeerbeek , belgium .

froese , r . and pauly , d . 2006 . fishbase . available at : urltoken .

géry , j . 1977 . characoids of the world . t . f . h . publications , inc . , neptune city , new jersey , usa .

grabda , e . and heese , t . 1991 . polskie nazewnictwo popularne kraglouste i ryby . cyclostomata et pisces . .

iucn . 2009 . iucn red list of threatened species ( ver . 2009 . 2 ) . available at : urltoken . ( accessed : 3 november 2009 ) .

klinkhardt , m , tesche , m . and greven , h . 1995 . database of fish chromosomes . .

lima , f . c . t . , malabarba , l . r . , buckup , p . a . , pezzi da silva , j . f . , vari , r . p . , harold , a . , benine , r . , oyakawa , o . t . , pavanelli , c . s . , menezes , n . a . , lucena , c . a . s . , malabarba , m . c . s . l . , lucena , z . m . s . , reis , r . e . , langeani , f . , cassati , l . and bertaco , v . a . 2003 . genera incertae sedis ( uncertain placement ) in characidae . in : r . e . reis , s . o . kullander and c . j . ferraris , jr . ( eds ) , checklist of the freshwater fishes of south and central america , pp . 106 - 168 . porto alegre : edipucrs , brasil .

ortega , h . and vari , r . p . 1986 . annotated checklist of the freshwater fishes of peru . smithsonian contributions to zoology 437 : 1 - 25 .

porto , j . i . r . , feldberg , e . , nakayama , c . m . and falcao , j . n . 1992 . a checklist of chromosome numbers and karyotypes of amazonian freshwater fishes . revue d ' hydrobiologie tropicale 25 ( 4 ) : 287 - 299 .

riehl , r . and baensch , h . a . 1991 . aquarien atlas . band 1 . : 992 .

riehl , r . and baensch , h . a . 1996 . aquarien atlas , band 1 . .

robins , c . r . , bailey , r . m . , bond , c . e . , brooker , j . r . , lachner , e . a . , lea , r . n . and scott , w . b . 1991 . world fishes important to north americans . exclusive of species from the continental waters of the united states and canada .

scheel , j . j . 1973 . fish chromosomes and their evolution . interval report of danmarks akvarium , charlottenlu .

swedish museum of natural history . 1999 . nrm ichthyology collection database . ichthyology section , department of vertebrate zoology , swedish museum of natural history , stockholm , sweden .

tello , s . and sánchez , h . 1995 . to be filled . unpublished .

varjo , m . , koli , l . and dahlström , h . 2004 . kalannimiluettelo ( versio 10 / 03 ) . suomen biologian seura vanamo ry .

wu , h . l . , shao , k . t . and lai , c . f . 1999 . latin - chinese dictionary of fishes names . the sueichan press , taiwan .

the female is more full and rounded in the belly than males . the male has a small hook on its anal fin . this is not always easy to see .

a peaceful shoaling community fish that should be kept in groups of 6 or more . keep with other peaceful community fish .

prefers a densely planted tank with dark substrate and floating plants and some open swimming space .

this page was last edited on 13 december 2017 , at 03 : 18 .

content is available under creative commons attribution - sharealike 3 . 0 unported license unless otherwise noted .

html public " - / / w3c / / dtd html 4 . 0 transitional / / en "

sorry , we do not currently have care information on this item . we are currently working on expanding our data . please check back .

by creating an account , i agree to shutterstock ' s website terms , privacy policy , and licensing terms .

© 2003 - 2018 shutterstock , inc . all rights reserved . made in nyc .

small ( s ) has the shortest download time and is suitable for digital use .

large ( l ) is suitable for large prints as well as digital use . it is the original image provided by the contributor .

you can redownload your image for free at any time , in any size .

editorial content , such as news and celebrity images , are not cleared for commercial use . learn more on our support center .

sign up to browse over million images , video clips , and music tracks . plus , get free weekly content and more .

( we only support jpg and png images under 5mb and no larger than 4000px on either side at this time . )

html public " - / / w3c / / dtd xhtml 1 . 0 transitional / / en " " urltoken "

it hails from the amazon basin in peru and brazil . the type specimen was collected from lake hyanuary , near the brazilian city of manaus .

a standard 24″ x 15″ x 12″ ( 60cm x 37 . 5cm x 30cm ) – 70 litre tank is suitable for a small shoal .

a biotope setup would be very simple to arrange . use a substrate of river sand and add a few driftwood branches ( if you can’t find driftwood of the desired shape , common beech is safe to use if thoroughly dried and stripped of bark ) and twisted roots . a few handfuls of dried leaves ( again beech can be used , or oak leaves are also suitable ) would complete the natural feel . aquatic plants are not a feature of this species ‘ natural waters . allow the wood and leaves to stain the water the colour of weak tea , removing old leaves and replacing them every few weeks so they don’t rot and foul the water . a small net bag filled with aquarium - safe peat can be added to the filter to aid in the simulation of black water conditions . use fairly dim lighting .

alternatively , , it also does well in a well maintained , heavily planted tank . as any of these seen for sale will almost certainly be wild caught a more general setup is not really suitable .

ph : 6 . 0 - 7 . 0 . it tends to lose colour when kept in alkaline conditions .

feeds chiefly on small invertebrates in nature . in the aquarium it proves unfussy . feed a mixture of dried flakes and granules along with small live and frozen foods .

it’s a very peaceful species that won’t compete well with very boisterous or much larger tankmates . ideally , keep it with other south american species , such as other hemigrammus or hyphessobrycon species , pencil fish , apistogramma dwarf cichlids , corydoras and small loricariids . in a more general community it can be combined with smaller rasboras , barbs , anabantoids and west african dwarf cichlids such as pelvicachromis species .

always buy a group of at least 6 of these , preferably 10 or more . it is a shoaling species by nature , and will fare much better when in the company of its own kind . like most tetras it actually looks far more effective when maintained like this anyway .

adult males are slightly smaller and noticeably slimmer than females . the male also has a small hook on the anal fin , which is lacking in females .

it can be spawned in a group , with half a dozen specimens of each sex being a good number . condition these with plenty of small live foods and spawning should not present too many problems .

alternatively , it can be spawned in pairs . under this technique the fish are conditioned in male and female groups in separate tanks . when the females are noticeably full of eggs and the males are displaying their best colours , select the fattest female and best - coloured male and transfer them to the spawning tank in the evening . they should spawn the following morning .

in either situation , the adults will eat the eggs given the chance and should be removed as soon as eggs are noticed . these will hatch in 24 - 36 hours , with the fry becoming free swimming a 3 - 4 days later . they should be fed on an infusoria – type food for the first few days , until they are large enough to accept microworm or brine shrimp nauplii . the eggs and fry are light sensitive in the early stages of life and the tank should be kept in darkness if possible .

like all hemigrammus , its taxonomic status is currently incertae sedis , meaning uncertain . the genus is currently used as something of a catch - all for over 70 species of small characin . most experts agree that a full revision is required , with the likely outcome that many species will be placed into new or different genera .

from the day we opened the first store in maidenhead , we’ve firmly believed that one key to our success is employing fish keepers .

mature females are noticeably larger and fuller bellied . male fish also possess a tiny hook on the anal fin , which is absent in females .

soft and acidic . ph : 6 . 0 - 7 . 2 , dh : up to 12 degrees .

analysis of the five glycosylation sites of human alpha 1 - acid glycoprotein . - pubmed - ncbi

warning : the ncbi web site requires javascript to function . more . . .

full text is available as a scanned copy of the original print version . get a printable copy ( pdf file ) of the complete article ( 1 . 3m ) , or click on a page image below to browse page by page . links to pubmed are also available for selected references .

these references are in pubmed . this may not be the complete list of references from this article .

pervaiz s , brew k . homology and structure - function correlations between alpha 1 - acid glycoprotein and serum retinol - binding protein and its relatives .

pevsner j , reed rr , feinstein pg , snyder sh . molecular cloning of odorant - binding protein : member of a ligand carrier family .

martyn ja , abernethy dr , greenblatt dj . plasma protein binding of drugs after severe burn injury .

kremer jm , wilting j , janssen lh . drug binding to human alpha - 1 - acid glycoprotein in health and disease .

schmid k , nimerg rb , kimura a , yamaguchi h , binette jp . the carbohydrate units of human plasma alpha1 - acid glycoprotein .

fournet b , montreuil j , strecker g , dorland l , haverkamp j , vliegenthart fg , binette jp , schmid k . determination of the primary structures of 16 asialo - carbohydrate units derived from human plasma alpha 1 - acid glycoprotein by 360 - mhz 1h nmr spectroscopy and permethylation analysis .

schmid k , binette jp , dorland l , vliegenthart jf , fournet b , montreuil j . the primary structure of the asialo - carbohydrate units of the first glycosylation site of human plasma alpha 1 - acid glycoprotein .

yoshima h , matsumoto a , mizuochi t , kawasaki t , kobata a . comparative study of the carbohydrate moieties of rat and human plasma alpha 1 - acid glycoproteins .

bennett m , schmid k . immunosuppression by human plasma alpha 1 - acid glycoprotein : importance of the carbohydrate moiety .

lainé e , couderc r , roch - arveiller m , vasson mp , giroud jp , raichvarg d . modulation of human polymorphonuclear neutrophil functions by alpha 1 - acid glycoprotein .

bories pn , guenounou m , féger j , kodari e , agneray j , durand g . human alpha 1 - acid glycoprotein - exposed macrophages release interleukin 1 inhibitory activity .

lejeune pj , mallet b , farnarier c , kaplanski s . changes in serum level and affinity for concanavalin a of human alpha 1 - proteinase inhibitor in severe burn patients : relationship to natural killer cell activity .

bayard b , kerckaert jp . evidence for uniformity of the carbohydrate chains in individual glycoprotein molecular variants .

bierhuizen mf , de wit m , govers ca , ferwerda w , koeleman c , pos o , van dijk w . glycosylation of three molecular forms of human alpha 1 - acid glycoprotein having different interactions with concanavalin a . variations in the occurrence of di - , tri - , and tetraantennary glycans and the degree of sialylation .

nicollet i , lebreton jp , fontaine m , hiron m . evidence for alpha - 1 - acid glycoprotein populations of different pi values after concanavalin a affinity chromatography . study of their evolution during inflammation in man .

hansen je , larsen va , bøg - hansen tc . the microheterogeneity of alpha 1 - acid glycoprotein in inflammatory lung disease , cancer of the lung and normal health .

pos o , oostendorp ra , van der stelt me , scheper rj , van dijk w . con a - nonreactive human alpha 1 - acid glycoprotein ( agp ) is more effective in modulation of lymphocyte proliferation than con a - reactive agp serum variants .

pos o , van dijk w , ladiges n , linthorst c , sala m , van tiel d , boers w . glycosylation of four acute - phase glycoproteins secreted by rat liver cells in vivo and in vitro . effects of inflammation and dexamethasone .

wells c , bøg - hansen tc , cooper eh , glass mr . the use of concanavalin a crossed immuno - affinoelectrophoresis to detect hormone - associated variations in alpha 1 - acid glycoprotein .

yet mg , shao mc , wold f . effects of the protein matrix on glycan processing in glycoproteins .

dahms nm , hart gw . influence of quaternary structure on glycosylation . differential subunit association affects the site - specific glycosylation of the common beta - chain from mac - 1 and lfa - 1 .

wooten ew , bazzo r , edge cj , zamze s , dwek ra , rademacher tw . primary sequence dependence of conformation in oligomannose oligosaccharides .

paulson jc , colley kj . glycosyltransferases . structure , localization , and control of cell type - specific glycosylation .

schachter h , narasimhan s , gleeson p , vella g . control of branching during the biosynthesis of asparagine - linked oligosaccharides .

brockhausen i , carver jp , schachter h . control of glycoprotein synthesis . the use of oligosaccharide substrates and hplc to study the sequential pathway for n - acetylglucosaminyltransferases i , ii , iii , iv , v , and vi in the biosynthesis of highly branched n - glycans by hen oviduct membranes .

halsall hb , kirley tl , friedman ml . the preparation of orosomucoid from nephrotic urine .

ikenaka t , ishiguro m , emura j , kaufmann h , isemura s , bauer w , schmid k . isolation and partial characterization of the cyanogen bromide fragments of 1 - acid glycoprotein and the elucidation of the amino acid sequence of the carboxyl - terminal cyanogen bromide fragment .

abe k , mckibbin jm , hakomori s . the monoclonal antibody directed to difucosylated type 2 chain ( fuc alpha 1 leads to 2gal beta 1 leads to 4 [ fuc alpha 1 leads to 3 ] glcnac ; y determinant ) .

laemmli uk . cleavage of structural proteins during the assembly of the head of bacteriophage t4 .

beavis rc , chait bt . cinnamic acid derivatives as matrices for ultraviolet laser desorption mass spectrometry of proteins .

dente l , pizza mg , metspalu a , cortese r . structure and expression of the genes coding for human alpha 1 - acid glycoprotein .

karas m , hillenkamp f . laser desorption ionization of proteins with molecular masses exceeding 10 , 000 daltons .

beavis rc , chait bt . rapid , sensitive analysis of protein mixtures by mass spectrometry .

chandrasekaran ev , davila m , nixon d , mendicino j . structures of the oligosaccharide chains of two forms of alpha 1 - acid glycoprotein purified from liver metastases of lung , colon , and breast tumors .

krusius t , finne j , rauvala h . the structural basis of the different affinities of two types of acidic n - glycosidic glycopeptides for concanavalin a - - sepharose .

rademacher tw , dwek ra . the role of oligosaccharides in modifying protein function .

pollack l , atkinson ph . correlation of glycosylation forms with position in amino acid sequence .

parekh rb , tse ag , dwek ra , williams af , rademacher tw . tissue - specific n - glycosylation , site - specific oligosaccharide patterns and lentil lectin recognition of rat thy - 1 .

yamashita k , tachibana y , ohkura t , kobata a . enzymatic basis for the structural changes of asparagine - linked sugar chains of membrane glycoproteins of baby hamster kidney cells induced by polyoma transformation .

kim ys , perdomo j , whitehead js , curtis kj . glycosyltransferases in human blood . ii . study of serum galactosyltransferase and n - acetylgalactosaminyltransferase in patients with liver diseases .

lammers g , jamieson jc . studies on the effect of lysosomotropic agents on the release of gal beta 1 - 4glcnac alpha - 2 , 6 - sialytransferase from rat liver slices during the acute - phase response .

nakaishi h , sanai y , shibuya m , nagai y . analysis of cellular expression of gangliosides by gene transfection . ii : rat 3y1 cells transformed with several dnas containing oncogenes ( fes , fps , ras & src ) invariably express sialosylparagloboside .

matsuura h , greene t , hakomori s . an alpha - n - acetylgalactosaminylation at the threonine residue of a defined peptide sequence creates the oncofetal peptide epitope in human fibronectin .

brisson jr , carver jp . solution conformation of asparagine - linked oligosaccharides : alpha ( 1 - 6 ) - linked moiety .

parekh rb , dwek ra , thomas jr , opdenakker g , rademacher tw , wittwer aj , howard sc , nelson r , siegel nr , jennings mg , et al . cell - type - specific and site - specific n - glycosylation of type i and type ii human tissue plasminogen activator .

parekh rb , dwek ra , rudd pm , thomas jr , rademacher tw , warren t , wun tc , hebert b , reitz b , palmier m , et al . n - glycosylation and in vitro enzymatic activity of human recombinant tissue plasminogen activator expressed in chinese hamster ovary cells and a murine cell line .

swiedler sj , freed jh , tarentino al , plummer th , jr , hart gw . oligosaccharide microheterogeneity of the murine major histocompatibility antigens . reproducible site - specific patterns of sialylation and branching in asparagine - linked oligosaccharides .

néel d , merlu b , turpin e , rabourdin - combe c , mach b , goussault y , charron dj . characterization of n - linked oligosaccharides of an hla - dr molecule expressed in different cell lines .

omics international organises 3000 + global conferenceseries events every year across usa , europe & asia with support from 1000 more scientific societies and publishes 700 + open access journals which contains over 50000 eminent personalities , reputed scientists as editorial board members .

© 2008 - 2018 omics international - open access publisher . best viewed in mozilla firefox | google chrome | above ie 7 . 0 version

this image is subject to copyright . getty images reserves the right to pursue unauthorized users of this image or clip , and to seek damages for copyright violations . to learn more about copyright and getty images’ enforcement program , click

we’ve partnered with invision to make it easier to search and download our images in sketch and adobe® photoshop® .

{ { t ( ' more _ than _ one _ credit ' , { zero : calc . totalcreditcost } ) } }

once this video clip is done converting , you ' ll be able to download it from your video conversion queue or download history .

editorial use only photos don ' t have any model or property releases , which means they can ' t be used for commercial , promotional , advertorial or endorsement purposes . this type of content is intended to be used in connection with events that are newsworthy or of general interest ( for example , in a blog , textbook , newspaper or magazine article ) .

this format requires a quick conversion ( usually under 5 mins ) before download begins , or you can get the largest and smallest formats immediately .

crop for social , add text and more with istock editor . open in editor

by clicking " confirm download " you agree that you ' ve read and agree to all applicable license agreements for this download .

to provide you with additional information about how we collect and use your personal data , we ' ve recently updated our privacy policy and terms of service . please review these pages now , as they apply to your continued use of our website .