the pyrenean rock lizard ( iberolacerta bonnali ) is a species of lizard in the family lacertidae .

it is endemic to the pyrenees where it occurs at high altitudes and is only active in summer .

pyrenean rock lizard

pyrenean rock lizard <EOT> pyrenean rock lizard on wikipedia ( just a ' stub ' when linked ) .

pyrenean rock lizard close - up : note the pale throat and long toes ( cd ) .

pyrenean rock lizard , col de tentes , september 2015 ( jean dunn ) . note the long toes .

the pyrenean rock lizard is classified as near threatened ( nt ) on the iucn red list ( 1 ) .

the peak of thermoregulation effectiveness : thermal biology of the pyrenean rock lizard , iberolacerta bonnali ( squamata , lacertidae ) .

the pyrenean rock lizard is endemic to the central pyrenees mountains of france and spain ( 1 ) ( 2 ) ( 5 ) .

the peak of thermoregulation effectiveness : thermal biology of the pyrenean rock lizard , iberolacerta bonnali ( squamata , lacertidae ) . - pubmed - ncbi

embed this arkive thumbnail link ( " portlet " ) by copying and pasting the code below . < a href = " urltoken " title = " arkive photo - pyrenean rock lizard on moss " > < img src = " urltoken " alt = " arkive photo - pyrenean rock lizard on moss " title = " arkive photo - pyrenean rock lizard on moss " border = " 0 " / > < / a >

the rather uniform grey back of the pyrenean rock lizard is the best identification feature . it is darker on the flanks and has a pale throat .

embed this arkive thumbnail link ( " portlet " ) by copying and pasting the code below . < a href = " urltoken " title = " arkive species - pyrenean rock lizard ( iberolacerta bonnali ) " > < img src = " urltoken " alt = " arkive species - pyrenean rock lizard ( iberolacerta bonnali ) " title = " arkive species - pyrenean rock lizard ( iberolacerta bonnali ) " border = " 0 " / > < / a >

iberolacerta bonnali differs from other pyrenean rock lizard species by the following characters : iberolacerta aranica has the three characteristic big masseteric scales . iberolacerta aurelioi frequently has a yellow underside .

the carpetane rock lizard is a small lizard with an exceptionally long tail almost twice the length of its body ! while young . . . more 3 images 0 videos

the pyrenean rock lizard iberolacerta bonnali is found in a restricted area in the central pyrenees , in both france and spain , that area being in the high pyrenees ( 1700 to 3000m ) just south of our french pyrenees base in gèdre ( see map here ) . it’s closely related to the iberian rock lizard and there are two further recently separated species , aran rock lizard iberolacerta aranica and aurelio ' s rock lizard iberolacerta aurelioi confined ( on present knowledge ) to mountain blocks a little farther east , towards andorra .

honeyguide has found the pyrenean rock lizard at col de tentes , where these photos were taken , and troumouse . as you might expect , a sunny day while soaking up heat on a rock is the best time to see this species .

like other west indian rock iguanas ( cyclura spp . ) , the northern bahamian rock iguana is a large and robust ' dinosaur - like ' lizard . . . more 6 images 0 videos

on this day , we went looking for the first out of three pyrenean endemic lizards . we walked from the ordesa car park towards the circo de cotatuero . along the river on some rocks , i was able to spot the first pyrenean rock lizard (

cirque de troumouse , september 2012 : pyrenean brook newt habitat ( cd ) .

more photos of pyrenean brook newts on www . euro . herp . com .

belonging to the lacertidae family , sometimes called the true lizards , the iberian rock lizard has a robust , flattened body with . . . more 3 images 0 videos

at the ibero - pyrenean suture zone reveals lowland barriers and high - elevation introgression .

the saint croix ground lizard is a small lizard characterised by a distinctive pattern of longitudinal stripes down its back and . . . more 8 images 0 videos

bahamas rock iguanas are part of a group of large , ' dinosaur - like ' lizards known as the west indian rock iguanas ( cyclora . . . more 6 images 0 videos

this species’ diet usually consists of grasshoppers , ladybirds , bees and spiders , which it catches by actively searching on the ground . the pyrenean rock lizard typically hunts around rocky ledges near to meadows and streams where its invertebrate prey is most abundant ( 2 ) .

found in only one tiny area in spain , the peña de francia rock lizard is probably one of the most threatened vertebrates in europe . . . . more 4 images 0 videos

described to science as recently as 1993 , the aran rock lizard is known only from a tiny area on the border of france and spain . . . . more 3 images 0 videos

the gila monster is the largest lizard in the united states , and one of only two species of venomous lizard in the world . it has . . . more 12 images 14 videos

mouret v , guillaumet a , cheylan m , pottier g , ferchaud al , et al . ( 2011 ) the legacy of ice ages in mountain species : post - glacial colonization of mountain tops rather than current range fragmentation determines mitochondrial genetic diversity in an endemic pyrenean rock lizard . j biogeogr 38 : 1717–1731 .

the pyrenean rock lizard is a large lizard growing to a snout - to - vent length of 6 cm ( 2 . 4 in ) with a tail about double its body - length . its dorsal colour is greyish - brown , sometimes finely flecked with dark markings but without significant striping . the flanks are dark , sometimes with slight pale flecking . the underparts are white , greyish or greenish . [ 4 ]

) that was found on the road . we drove on to france and visited another site for pyrenean rock lizard , near the lac de cap de long . it started to rain a bit . just as the rain stopped and the first sun beams came through , i caught an asp viper near lac d ' oredon .

) . we went from bagergue towards the estany de liat . from cabana des calhaus upwards , we could find a lot of aran rock lizards . another asp viper was caught and also common frog , palmate newt , fire salamander , common wall lizard and viviparous lizard were seen . of the latter , also eggs where found , as pyrenean populations are oviparous . on the road between salardu and bagergue , stefanie found a dead western whip snake (

the pyrenean rock lizard is assessed by the international union for conservation of nature as being " near threatened " . this is because , although the population seems to be stable and the lizard is present in a number of national parks and protected areas , it is vulnerable to disturbance to its habitat from skiing developments , the building of tracks and the overgrazing of cattle . it may also be affected in the future by climate change . [ 1 ]

vences , miguel ; rey , jorge ; puente , marta ; miramontes , calia ; dominguez , manuel . 1998 . high altitude record of the pyrenean lizard , lacerta bonnali . zeitschrift für feldherpetologie 5 : 249 - 251 .

abronia fuscolabialis ( mount zempoaltepec alligator lizard ) - status : endangered b1ab ( iii ) ver 3 . 1

abronia graminea ( terrestrial arboreal alligator lizard ) - status : endangered b1ab ( iii ) ver 3 . 1

) . afterwards , we continued our walk towards faja racón and then back down to the car park . along this walk , we saw some chamois and at a stream , we found again some pyrenean stream frog and pyrenean brook newt .

juvenile pyrenean rock lizards are usually uniform grey or greyish - brown on the back and tail , occasionally with some darker markings , while the belly is white with dark spots . on rare occasions the tail may have a bluish colouration ( 2 ) ( 3 ) .

abronia chiszari ( chiszar ' s arboreal alligator lizard ) - status : endangered b1ab ( iii ) ver 3 . 1

abronia matudai ( matuda ' s arboreal alligator lizard ) - status : endangered b1ab ( iii ) ver 3 . 1

pyrenean brook newts . top , head and tail if you look carefully , september 2012 . bottom , june 2012 ( cd ) .

mayer w , arribas o ( 1996 ) allozyme differentiation and relationship among the iberian - pyrenean mountain lizards . herpetozoa 9 : 57–61 .

milá b , surget - groba y , heulin b , gosá a , fitze ps . multilocus phylogeography of the common lizard

information on the lizard buzzard is currently being researched and written and will appear here . . . more 6 images 0 videos

acanthodactylus blanci ( blanc ' s fringe - toed lizard ) - status : endangered b1ab ( iii ) ver 3 . 1

mouret v , guillaumet a , cheylan m , pottier g , ferchaud al , crochet pa : the legacy of ice ages in mountain species : post - glacial colonization of mountain tops rather than current range fragmentation determines mitochondrial genetic diversity in an endemic pyrenean rock lizard . j biogeogr . 2011 , 38 : 1717 - 1731 . 10 . 1111 / j . 1365 - 2699 . 2011 . 02514 . x .

we moved on to our next stay , at the pn ordesa in spain . we stopped near urdos and found green lizard (

this species is found in rocky alpine habitats , such as stony meadows , rock outcrops and gravelly slopes . it is an egg - laying species .

information on the bronzeback snake - lizard is currently being researched and written and will appear here . . . more 2 images 0 videos

information on the african large - grain lizard is currently being researched and written and will appear here . . . more 13 images 0 videos

information on the african spiny - tailed lizard is currently being researched and written and will appear here . . . more 8 images 0 videos

restricted to theharsh , rocky mountain climate of the pyrenees , the pyrenean rock lizard inhabits alpine and subalpine habitats , including rocky slopes , outcrops and scree ( 1 ) ( 2 ) ( 5 ) . it is usually found in fairly sheltered habitats ( 3 ) , and may often be found close to alpine meadows , especially near lakes and mountain streams . it occurs between elevations of 1 , 580 and 3 , 060 metres ( 1 ) ( 2 ) .

the pyrenean rock lizard is found in france and spain in the pyrenees mountains at altitudes of between 1 , 700 and 3 , 000 metres ( 5 , 600 and 9 , 800 ft ) . its natural habitats are rocky crags and screes in limestone , slate and schist areas . it is frequently found on rocks close to alpine meadows and near torrents and glacial lakes . it is only active for a short period of the year in summer . [ 4 ]

the clanwilliam rock - catfish , found only in a few streams in south africa , belongs to the family of austroglanididae catfishes . . . more 3 images 0 videos

the specific name , bonnali , is in honor of the count of bonnal who collected amphibians and reptiles while living at montgaillard , hautes - pyrénées . [ 3 ] the aran rock lizard was initially included here as a subspecies , iberolacerta bonnali aranica , but is now considered a distinct species , iberolacerta aranica .

protected areas have long been considered one of the most effective tools to conserve biodiversity , but their effectiveness in securing species under rapid climate change is uncertain ( 6 ) . in total , around three - quarters of the pyrenean rock lizards range is afforded some level of protection by inclusion in a park , reserve or protected area ( 2 ) .

at lower altitudes in the french pyrenees , the more strongly marked common wall lizard podarcis muralis is , indeed , common . these were photographed in gèdre .

the san salvador iguana is a strikingly handsome lizard , exhibiting an impressive crest of spiny scales down its back and . . . more 7 images 0 videos

this medium - sized rodent was believed to be extinct until it was rediscovered in 1996 . these stocky rock - rats are yellowish - brown . . . more 5 images 1 video

the pyrenean rock lizard in listed on appendix iii of the bern convention , which aims to conserve the wild flora and fauna of europe and their natural habitats ( 1 ) ( 3 ) ( 7 ) . this species is found in a number of national parks , reserves and other protected areas , including ordesa - monte perdido and aigüestortes - estany de sant maurici national parks , the biosphere reserve of ordesa - viñamala and the the natural park of posets - maladeta in spain ( 1 ) ( 2 ) .

named after the place of its home , the pyrenean desman is a small aquatic insectivore closely related to moles , also known as the . . . more 6 images 1 video

the collared iguana is the most common lizard species in the western forests of madagascar and the largest species in the opluridae . . . more 8 images 0 videos

acanthodactylus schreiberi ( schreiber ' s fringe - fingered lizard ) - status : endangered a2c ; b2ab ( i , ii , iii , iv ) ver 3 . 1

the chinese crocodile lizard is so named for the appearance of its tail , which has an enlarged pair of scales running in two . . . more 9 images 1 video

the fiji banded iguana is a spectacularly beautiful , large , emerald - green lizard named for the highly distinctive , broad , vertical . . . more 13 images 0 videos

the fiji crested iguana is a large stocky lizard , which was first discovered in 1979 . dr john gibbons found the iguana whilst . . . more 5 images 3 videos

the spineless forest lizard is one of four calotes species endemic to sri lanka , which all share a common set of characteristics . . . . more 2 images 0 videos

arribas oj : morphological variability of the cantabro - pyrenean populations of zootoca vivipara ( jaquin , 1787 ) with description of a new subspecies . herpetozoa . 2009 , 21 : 123 - 146 .

this species ' alternative names , the barbary ape or rock ape are misleading ; for though it lacks a tail , as do apes , it is in fact . . . more 20 images 19 videos

the bermuda skink is a small robust lizard . the skin is shiny with conspicuous scales and adults are a dark brown / black colour . . . more 2 images 1 video

the chevron skink is new zealand ' s largest living endemic lizard and one of its rarest , and is named after its very distinctive . . . more 5 images 0 videos

while this peculiar reptile may look like a snake , it is actually a lizard . it lacks forelimbs but it does have tiny hindlimbs . . . more 1 image 0 videos

tennent ' s leaf - nosed lizard is one of five ceratophora species endemic to sri lanka , commonly known as ' horn - nosed . . . more 6 images 0 videos

staying in vicdessos , we went towards the port del rat . a first try didn ' t give exactly what we wanted ( though a lot of viviparous lizard , some common frog and a pyrenean brook newt ) . after a phone call to an omniscient informant , we realised that we had been looking in the wrong place and the next day , we went up the mountain once more - this time without the hyla people , as they went home already . this second time was a better try , as now we were able to spot a lot of aurelio ' s rock lizards (

this small lizard , from the harsh , rocky environment of the pyrenees , has grey - brown skin on its back , generally patterned with . . . more 3 images 0 videos

the brothers island tuatara is one of the oldest animals in the world today . it may look like a lizard but it belongs to the order . . . more 11 images 0 videos

the hierro giant lizard is a stocky reptile with a broad head and pronounced jowls ( flesh under the lower jaw ) . it is dark grey . . . more 1 image 0 videos

the pygmy lizard is one of 14 agamid species endemic to sri lanka . one of the slowest - moving reptiles in the country , the pygmy . . . more 1 image 0 videos

the sail - fin lizard is notable not only for its impressive size of up to a metre in length , but also for its rather spectacular . . . more 6 images 0 videos

this plump lizard can grow up to 60 centimetres , making it by far the largest of the chuckwallas ( sauromalus ) , and similar in size . . . more 9 images 0 videos

metallinou m , červenka j , crochet p - a , kratochvíl l , wilms t , geniez p , shobrak my , brito jc , carranza s . species on the rocks : systematics and biogeography of the rock - dwelling

mayer , werner ; arribas , oscar j . 1996 . allozyme differentiation and relationship among the iberian - pyrenean mountain lizards ( squamata : sauria : lacertidae ) . herpetozoa 9 ( 1 / 2 ) : 57¡61 .

two specimens of pyrenean brook newt from berga ( locality 8 in fig . 1 ) and one specimen of the new species from locality b1 from el montseny were stained with alizarin red and cleared in koh and glycerine .

) . at some ponds near delfia , we found plenty of spanish terrapin , the same amphibians plus larvae of western spadefoot . near the river of rabos , we saw a subadult ocellated lizard (

monasterio c , salvador a , iraeta p , díaz ja ( 2009 ) the effects of thermal biology and refuge availability on the restricted distribution of an alpine lizard . j biogeogr 36 : 1673–1684 .

the pyrenean brook newt euproctus asper ( or calotriton asper ) , also known as the pyrenean brook salamander , is found only in the pyrenees – in france , spain and andorra . it lives in cold mountain streams with stony beds , in lakes and sometimes in caves . here , at 700 to 2 , 500 metres ( 2 , 300 to 8 , 200 ft ) , it feeds on insects and other invertebrates and can itself be taken by trout .

odierna , gaetano ; aprea , gennaro ; arribas , oscar j . ; capriglione , teresa ; caputo , vincenzo ; olmo , ettore . 1996 . the karyology of the iberian rock lizards . herpetologica 52 ( 4 ) : 542 - 550 .

arnold en , arribas o , carranza s ( 2007 ) systematics of the palaearctic and oriental lizard tribe lacertini ( squamata : lacertidae : lacertinae ) , with descriptions of eight new genera . zootaxa 1430 : 1–86 .

the first seoane ' s viper ( vipera seoanei ) another one jan ( vdv , again the hyla gang leader ) shooting the viper a black one animal showing the so - called bilineata pattern the habitat . . . pyrenean stream frog ( rana pyrenaica )

) in the ibero - pyrenean region . the species has a broad eurasian distribution composed largely of viviparous lineages , yet individuals in this region belong to an oviparous lineage isolated from the nearest viviparous populations in the french massif central by a gap of unsuitable habitat [

citation : remón n , galán p , vila m , arribas o , naveira h ( 2013 ) causes and evolutionary consequences of population subdivision of an iberian mountain lizard , iberolacerta monticola . plos one 8 ( 6 ) : e66034 . urltoken

the molecular identity of all pyrenean populations of e . asper contrasts with the relatively high degree of morphological variation in body size , colour pattern , skin granulation and ecology that exists among them ( thorn , 1968 ; clergue - gazeau & martínez - rica , 1978 ; clergue - gazeau & bonnet , 1980 ; serra - cobo et al . , 2000a ) . as a result of these differences , many species , subspecies and forms of pyrenean brook newt have been described in the past , all of which are now considered synonyms of e . asper .

godinho r , mendonça b , crespo eg , ferrand n ( 2006 ) genealogy of the nuclear beta - fibrinogen locus in a highly structured lizard species : comparison with mtdna and evidence for intragenic recombination in the hybrid zone . heredity 96 : 454–463 .

zamudio kr , sinervo b ( 2003 ) ecological and social contexts for the evolution of alternative mating strategies . in : fox sf , mccoy jk , baird ta , editors . lizard social behavior . baltimore : the johns hopkins university press . 83–106 .

arnold , e . n . ; arribas , o . & carranza , s . 2007 . systematics of the palaearctic and oriental lizard tribe lacertini ( squamata : lacertidae : lacertinae ) , with descriptions of eight new genera . zootaxa 1430 : 1 - 86 .

arribas o and galán p . 2005 . reproductive characteristics of the pyrenean high - mountain lizards : iberolacerta aranica ( arribas , 1993 ) , i . aurelioi ( arribas , 1994 ) and i . bonnali ( lantz , 1927 ) . animal biology 55 ( 2 ) : 163 - 190 .

crochet , p . - a . ; o . chaline , y . surget - groba , c . debain and m . cheylan . 2004 . speciation in mountains : phylogeography and phylogeny of the rock lizards genus iberolacerta ( reptilia : lacertidae ) . molecular phylogenetics and evolution 30 ( 3 ) : 860 - 866 .

palanca , antonio ; rey , jorge ; riob≤ , antonio ; vences , miguel . 1997 . parapatry of two lizard species ( podarcis muralis , lacerta bonnali ) at circo de piedrafita ( alto aragón , pyrenees , spain ) . zeitschrift für feldherpetologie 4 : 208 - 210 .

in july 2004 , i went to the mountains in between france and spain , looking for several pyrenean herpetological endemics and some ( to me new ) species that live in the surrounding area . the first week of the trip , we joined the people from hyla , doing pretty much the same trip at the same time . during the second week , it was just the four of us - jan ( vdb ) , mieke , stefanie and myself . we found 35 species of amphibians ( 15 ) and reptiles ( 20 ) . all pyrenean endemics , known at the time , were observed and a high number of

arribas , o . j . and galán , p . ( 2005 ) reproductive characteristics of the pyrenean high - mountain lizards : iberolacerta aranica ( arribas , 1993 ) , i . aurelioi ( arribas , 1994 ) and i . bonnali ( lantz , 1927 ) . animal biology , 55 : 163 - 190 .

pinho c , harris dj , ferrand n : contrasting patterns of population subdivision and historical demography in three western mediterranean lizard species inferred from mitochondrial dna variation . mol ecol . 2007 , 16 : 1191 - 1205 . 10 . 1111 / j . 1365 - 294x . 2007 . 03230 . x .

paulo os , dias c , bruford mw , jordan wc , nichols ra : the persistence of pliocene populations through the pleistocene climatic cycles : evidence from the phylogeography of an iberian lizard . proc r soc lond b . 2001 , 268 : 1625 - 1630 . 10 . 1098 / rspb . 2001 . 1706 .

the main genetic split in mtdna corresponds generally to the french and spanish sides of the pyrenees as previously reported , in contrast to genome - wide aflp data , which show a major division between nw spain and the rest . both types of markers support the existence of four distinct and geographically congruent genetic groups , which are consistent with major topographic barriers . both datasets reveal the presence of three independent contact zones between lineages in the pyrenean region , one in the basque lowlands , one in the low - elevation mountains of the western pyrenees , and one in the french side of the central pyrenees . the latter shows genetic evidence of a recent , high - altitude trans - pyrenean incursion from spain into france .

this species is found in the central pyrenean mountains of france and spain . it was previously thought to be restricted to an area of about 25 km 2 of the mauberme massif , between the arán and ariége valleys , but in 2006 a new population was discovered in mont valier ( france ) . it occurs from 1 , 640 to 2 , 668 m asl .

taking an integrative approach , we have uncovered a very old diversification event that has resulted in a case of microendemicity in an arid mountain range . three morphologically and ecologically similar medium sized lizard species were shown to coexist in a very short and narrow mountain stretch of the northern tip of the hajar mountain range of approximately 140 km from north to south and 40 km from east to west ( 4 , 350 km

the distribution and age of major lineages is consistent with a pleistocene origin and a role for both the pyrenees and the cantabrian mountains in driving isolation and differentiation of z . vivipara lineages at large geographic scales . however , mountain ranges are not always effective barriers to dispersal , and have not prevented a recent high - elevation trans - pyrenean incursion that has led to asymmetrical introgression among divergent lineages . cytonuclear discordance in patterns of genetic structure and introgression at contact zones suggests selection may be involved at various scales . suture zones are important areas for the study of lineage formation and speciation , and our results show that biogeographic barriers can yield markedly different phylogeographic patterns in different vertebrate and invertebrate taxa .

additional fine - scale sampling at contact zones among lineages will also be needed to understand introgression dynamics at other areas , such as the beret site , where all individuals carry french mtdna and spanish ndna , or the contact zone in the western pyrenees between the blue and red clades detected at the ibañeta site , where individuals show blue central - pyrenean ndna , yet half of them carry red mtdna haplotypes . patterns at these individual sites are similar to those found at some sites in southern france , and a more thorough geographic context provided by finer - scale sampling will be needed to help determine whether they belong to active contact zones with ongoing introgression or instead represent populations left in the genetic wake of a contact zone that shifted away .

) . the pattern of haplotype frequency and distribution of the ne spain ( blue ) clade reflects higher haplotype diversity on the spanish side of the pyrenees than on the french side , where the relative frequency of haplotype “aa” is more pronounced . this pattern , together with the evidence for a recent population expansion in this lineage , suggests that the presence of spanish haplotypes on the french side is the result of a trans - pyrenean colonization of the french side . we estimated time since the population expansion from the distribution of pairwise differences among blue - clade haplotypes , which yielded a value of τ = 3 . 00 ( 95 % ci : 0 . 00 - 3 . 83 ) . applying a mutation rate of 0 . 01 s / s / myr per lineage , this value corresponds to a time since the expansion of 54 , 744 years , with confidence intervals between the present and 69 , 890 years ago .

html public " - / / w3c / / dtd xhtml 1 . 0 strict / / en " " urltoken "

thank you for taking the time to provide feedback on the iucn red list of threatened species website , we are grateful for your input .

this species was formerly included in the genus lacerta , but is now included in iberolacerta , following carranza et al . ( 2004 ) , and based on evidence from arribas ( 1998 , 1999 ) , carranza et al . ( 2004 ) , harris et al . ( 1998 ) and mayer and arribas ( 2003 ) .

cox , n . and temple , h . j . ( global reptile assessment )

justification : listed as near threatened since although its area of occupancy is less than 2 , 000 km² , thus making the species close to qualifying for vulnerable , its population is probably reasonably stable .

this species is present in the central pyrenees mountains of france and spain . it ranges from 1 , 580 to 3 , 060 m asl .

it may be locally common in suitable habitat , being more abundant in subalpine habitats . the populations are fragmented by unsuitable habitat , but are probably stable .

this species is found in subalpine and alpine habitats and is most commonly found in rocky slopes , outcrops and similar areas , sometimes close to alpine meadows . it is an egg - laying species .

this species is possibly threatened by overgrazing of habitat by cattle , and is inferred to be threatened by future habitat loss through the development of ski resorts , lodges and hotels , the construction of roads and tracks , and the use of all terrain vehicles . it is additionally threatened by the possible development of hydroelectric projects and mining . it is also possible that this species will be significantly impacted by climate change .

this species is listed on appendix iii of the bern convention . in spain it is present in the national parks of ordesa - monte perdido and aigüestortes - estany de sant maurici , the biosphere reserve of ordesa - viñamala , the natural park of posets - maladeta and a number of other protected areas .

valentin pérez - mellado , marc cheylan , iñigo martínez - solano . 2009 .

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this species is also potentially threatened by overgrazing of its habitat by livestock , and by the destruction and fragmentation of its habitat due to human developments , including tourist resorts , road construction , hydroelectric projects and mining ( 1 ) ( 2 ) .

this information is awaiting authentication by a species expert , and will be updated as soon as possible . if you are able to help please contact : arkive @ urltoken

endemic a species or taxonomic group that is only found in one particular country or geographic area . incubate to keep eggs warm so that development is possible . invertebrates animals with no backbone , such as insects , crustaceans , worms , molluscs , spiders , cnidarians ( jellyfish , corals , sea anemones ) , echinoderms , and others . ovoviviparous ovovivipary is a method of reproduction whereby the egg shell is weakly formed and young hatch inside the female ; they are nourished by their yolk sac and then ‘born’ live .

arribas , o . ( 2009 ) lagartija pirenaica - iberolacerta bonnali . in : salvador , a . , marco , a . ( eds . ) enciclopedia virtual de los vertebrados españoles . museo nacional de ciencias naturales , madrid .

losange . ( 2008 ) amphibiens et reptiles . editions artémis . chamalières , france .

carvalho , s . b . , brito , j . c . , crespo , e . j . and possingham , h . p . ( 2010 ) from climate change predictions to actions – conserving vulnerable animal groups in hotspots at a regional scale . global change biology , 16 ( 12 ) : 3257 - 3270 .

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arribas amo , oscar j . 1993 . estatus específico para lacerta ( archaeolacerta ) monticola bonnali lantz , 1927 ( reptilia , lacertidae ) . bol . r . soc . esp . hist . nat . ( sec . biol . ) 90 ( 1 - 4 ) : 101 - 112 .

arribas , o . j . 1997 . morfologia , filogenia y bibliografia de las lagartijas de alta montana de los pirineos [ microforma ] . tesis doctoral - universitat autònoma de barcelona . publicaciones de la universitat autònoma de barcelona , 08193 bellaterra ( barcelona ) , 353 pp . isbn 84 - 490 - 0830 - 1 .

arribas , o . j . 1999 . phylogeny and relationships of the mountain lizards of europe and near east ( archaeolacerta mertens , 1921 , sensu lato ) and their relationships among the eurasian lacertid radiation . russ . j . herpetol . 6 ( 1 ) : 1 - 22 .

arribas , oscar j . 2000 . taxonomic revision of the iberian ' archaeolacertae ' iii : diagnosis , morphology , and geographic variation of iberolacerta bonnali ( lantz , 1927 ) ( squamata : sauria : lacertidae ) . herpetozoa 13 ( 3 / 4 ) : 99 - 131 .

arribas , o . j . 1993 . intraspecific variability of lacerta ( archaeolacerta ) bonnali lantz , 1927 ( squamata : sauria : lacertidae ) . herpetozoa 6 ( 3 / 4 ) : 129 - 140 .

bensettiti , f . & gaudillat , v . 2004 . cahiers d ' habitats natura 2000 . connaissance et gestion des habitats et des espèces d ' intérêt communautaire . tome 7 . espèces animales . la documentation française . 353 pp .

berroneau , m . et al . 2010 . guide des amphibiens et reptiles d’aquitaine . association cistude nature , 180 pp .

carranza , s . ; e . n . arnold & f . amat . 2004 . dna phylogeny of lacerta ( iberolacerta ) and other lacertine lizards ( reptilia : lacertidae ) : did competition cause long - term mountain restriction ? . systematics and biodiversity 2 ( 1 ) : 57 - 77 .

engelmann , w . e . et al . 1993 . lurche und kriechtiere europas . neumann verlag ( radebeul , germany ) , 440 pp .

lantz , l . a . 1927 . quelques observations nouvelles sur l´herpétologie des pyrénées centrales . extrait de la revue d´histoire naturelle appliquée première partie , no . e et 2 : 1 - 14 . ( 13 - 11 )

lantz , l . a . 1927 . quelques observations nouvelles sur l´herpétologie des pyrénées centrales . extrait de la revue d´histoire naturelle appliquée première partie , no . e et 2 : 1 - 14 . ( 13 - 11 ) .

montori , albert ; gustavo a . llorente , miguel ángel alonso - zarazaga , óscar arribas , enrique ayllón , jaime bosch , salvador carranza , miguel ángel carretero , pedro galán , mario garcía - parís , david james harris , javier lluch , rafael márquez , josé antonio mateo , pilar navarro , manuel ortiz , valentín pérez mellado , juan manuel pleguezuelos , vicente roca , xavier santos , miguel tejedo . 2005 . lista patrón actualizada de la herpetofauna española . asociación herpetológica española , 45 pp .

pottier g . , paumier j . - m . , tessier m . , barascud y . , talhoët s . , liozon r . , d’andurain p . , vacher j . - p . , barthe l . , heaulmé v . , esslinger m . , arthur c . - p . , calvet a . , maurel c . & redon h . 2008 . atlas de répartition des reptiles et amphibiens de midi - pyrénées . les atlas naturalistes de midi - pyrénées . nature midi - pyrénées , toulouse , 126 pp .

pottier , g . 2001 . nouvelle donnée sur la limite occidentale de répartition du lézard des pyrénées iberolacerta bonnali ( lantz , 1927 ) ( sauria , lacertidae ) . bull . soc . herp . fr . 98 : 5 - 9 .

sindaco , r . & jeremcenko , v . k . 2008 . the reptiles of the western palearctic . edizioni belvedere , latina ( italy ) , 579 pp .

apart from mieke , jan and stefanie ( who put up with me for 2 weeks of massive madness ) and the hyla crew , i would like to thank some people who shared their knowledge on where to find one or several species : onésime prud ' homme , gilles pottier , marcus schmitt , pedro janssen , ferran bergalló , richard gonzalez , mario garcia - parís , hellin de wavrin , oscar j . arribas , javier blasco - zumeta , lasse bergendorf , anders selmer , jan van der voort , pascal dubois , henk strijbosch and especially pierre - andré crochet . helping with many localities and information , these people made our trip a true success .

stefanie and i picked up jan and mieke and we drove from gent ( belgium ) to mimizan ( france ) in the landes area . no real herping on this day , except for some marsh frogs (

) in a pond on one of the " aires " where we stopped .

) were present . we drove on , towards iraty forest , and started exploring some streams . soon several species where encountered : common frog (

) . just next to the campers , in some low shrub , peter found , thanks to the excellent weather conditions , 8 ( eight ! ) individuals of the species . we also found our first slow worms (

) near puyarruego , without any luck . we did - however - see the first large psammodromus (

we drove south and stopped near la granja d ' escarpe . it was really hot and there were no reptiles to be seen . some dragonflies and birds eased that pain . after picking a spot at a camp site in mequinenza , we drove towards a pond near ballobar , where we found viperine snake , iberian water frog and the large tadpoles of western spadefoot (

we met with javier blasco - zumeta in pina de ebro . he showed us the los monegros area and we learned a lot about all aspects of flora and fauna of the landscape ( for an impressive species database and much more on his enormous work please visit javier ' s

we went back north , to the area around rosas . we found spanish terrapin (

) , which turned out to be the only really missed species on this trip . apparently , conditions were too dry and a search at night near els estanys did not help , although it did bring a dead marbled newt (

we moved back into france . at the lac du salagou , we spent several hours trying to trap the shy water frogs and in the end we were 99 % sure ( intervomeral space etc . ) that we were dealing with graf ' s hybrid frog (

) . the photomodel - to - be sadly escaped my ( somewhat tired ) grasp , so no decent picture of the beast was made . we gave up , and after a divine meal in st - paul - trois - châteaux , we slept well . the next day , we drove home and , though it was very hot , we were lucky to encounter few traffic jams .

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department of animal biology , university of salamanca , campus miguel de unamuno , 37007 salamanca , spain . electronic address : zaidaortega @ usal . es .

department of animal biology , university of salamanca , campus miguel de unamuno , 37007 salamanca , spain .

within its distribution range , it co - occurs with zootoca vivipara and podarcis muralis . zootoca vivipara frequently shows a dark vertebral line which lacks in iberolacerta bonnali . furthermore , iberolacerta bonnali has a characteristic pointed snout . moreover , zootoca vivipara seems to prefer well - vegetated habits ( heathland ) instead of rocky areas – real syntopy should be rare .

podarcis muralis frequently shows a dark vertebral line which lacks in iberolacerta bonnali . furthermore , it has dark - spotted , frequently orange throat , whereas iberolacerta bonnali has an unspotted whitish throat . it seems that during the recent years , podarcis muralis has been occupying increasingly high altitudes . presumably , this leads to some crowding out of iberolacerta bonnali .

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it has a flattened appearance with rough - looking grey or brown skin , which has many granular nodules . the most distinctive feature – on most of those we’ve seen – is a bold yellow stripe along the back and tail , sometimes as a broken line , but there’s also a stripeless form .

we have been lucky enough to see them several times in the shallow streams in the french pyrenees at the cirque de troumouse . sometimes they swim in the open but they will hide under stones , which may mean a view of just a head or tail , as the photos on the right show .

just a hint of the lateral stripe on this newt , on the tail , june 2006 ( cg ) .

purple form of the large marsh grasshopper stethophyma grossum , also at troumouse , sept 2012 ( cd ) .

also see our nature notes on welsh poppies in the french pyrenees and elsewhere .

photographs on this page by honeyguide leaders ivan nethercoat ( in ) , chris gibson ( cg ) and chris durdin ( cd ) or as credited .

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pérez - mellado , valentin ; cheylan , marc ; martínez - solano , iñigo ( 2009 ) .

" iberolacerta bonalli " . the reptile database . www . reptile - database . org .

beolens , bo ; watkins , michael ; grayson , michael ( 2011 ) . the eponym dictionary of reptiles . baltimore : johns hopkins university press . xiii + 296 pp . isbn 978 - 1 - 4214 - 0135 - 5 . ( iberolacerta bonnali , p . 31 ) .

arribas oj , carranza s ( 2012 ) . " the type specimen of iberolacerta bonnali is stored in the natural history museum , london " . bull . soc . cat . d ' herp . ( butlettí de la societat catalana d ' herpetologia ) 20 : 124 - 125 .

lantz al ( 1927 ) . " quelques observations nouvelles sur l ' herpétologie des pyrénées centrales " . rev . hist . nat . appl . , paris 8 : 54 - 61 . ( lacerta monticola bonnali , new subspecies , p . 58 ) . ( in french ) .

this page was last edited on 23 april 2018 , at 05 : 39 .

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departament de biologia animal , universitat de barcelona , av . diagonal 645 , e - 08028 barcelona , spain

map showing the distribution range of the thyrrenian brook newts and the western brook newts ( shadowed areas ) . numbers refer to the following localities : 1 , el montseny . 2 , irati . 3 , vidrà . 4 , xixarella . 5 , vall d ' en bac . 6 , collada de tosses . 7 , font de l ' ús . 8 , berga . 9 , ordesa . 10 , monrepos . 11 , susqueda . 12 , vilanova de meià , 13 corsica . 14 , sardinia . additional data are given in table 1 .

in this paper , we use 1208 bp of mtdna , external morphology and osteology to assess the taxonomic status , biogeography and evolution of the european brook newts .

details of material and sequences used in the present study . numbers under locality code refer to geographical localities given in fig . 1 .

dna sequences were aligned using clustalx ( thompson et al . , 1997 ) with default parameters ( gap opening = 10 ; gap extension = 0 . 2 ) . all the cytb sequences had the same length and therefore no gaps were postulated . these sequences were translated into amino acids using the vertebrate mitochondrial code and no stop codons were observed , suggesting they were probably all functional . although some gaps were postulated in order to resolve length differences in the 12s rrna and 16s rrna gene fragments , all positions could be unambiguously aligned and were therefore included in the analyses .

three methods of phylogenetic analysis were employed for all three independent partitions and the combined dataset and their results compared . these were : maximum likelihood ( ml ) , bayesian analysis and maximum parsimony ( mp ) . modeltest v . 3 . 06 ( posada & crandall , 1998 ) was used to select the most appropriate model of sequence evolution for the ml and bayesian analyses of the independent partitions and the combined dataset , under the akaike information criterion . this was , in all four cases , the general time reversible model ( gtr ) taking into account the proportion of invariable sites ( i ) and the shape parameter alpha of the gamma distribution ( g ) . for the mp analyses , apart from an unweighted analysis ( ts = 1 , tv = 1 ) , independent analyses were also carried out for each dataset taking into account the observed transitions ( ts ) / transversions ( tv ) ratios and the presence of saturation in the cytb 3rd codon ts . these were : cytb ( ts = 1 , tv = 4 ) ; cytb ( 3rd codon ts = 0 , tv = 1 ) , 16s rrna ( ts = 1 , tv = 2 ) ; 12s rrna ( ts = 1 , tv = 2 ) ; combined analysis ( ts = 1 , tv = 4 and cytb 3rd codon ts = 0 ) .

both ml and mp analyses were performed in paup * v . 4 . 0b10 ( swofford , 1998 ) and included heuristic searches involving tree bisection and reconnection ( tbr ) branch swapping with 10 and 100 random stepwise additions of taxa , respectively . in the mp analyses gaps were included as a fifth state . reliability of the mp and ml trees was assessed by bootstrap analysis ( felsenstein , 1985 ) , involving 1000 replications for the mp analyses and 100 replications for the ml analyses .

topological incongruence among partitions was tested using the incongruence length difference ( ild ) test ( mickevich & farris , 1981 ; farris et al . , 1994 ) . in this test , 10 000 heuristic searches were performed after removing all invariable characters from the dataset ( cunningham , 1997 ) . to test for incongruence among datasets we also used a reciprocal 70 % bootstrap proportion ( mason - gamer & kellogg , 1996 ) or a 95 % posterior - probability threshold . topological conflicts were considered significant if two different relationships for the same set of taxa were both supported with bootstrap values ≥ 70 % or posterior - probability values ≥ 95 % .

topological constrains to test alternative topologies were constructed using macclade v . 4 . 0 ( maddison & maddison , 1992 ) and compared with optimal topologies using the shimodaira - hassegawa ( sh ) ( shimodaira & hasegawa , 1999 ) test implemented in paup * 4 . 0b10 ( swofford , 1998 ) .

ml estimates of divergence times for the combined dataset were obtained after discovery of lineage rate constancy across the tree using the likelihood ratio test ( huelsenbeck & crandall , 1997 ) . the error associated with finite sampling of nucleotides for reconstructing branch lengths was calculated by a three - step non - parametric bootstrap procedure ( efron & tibshirani , 1993 ) : ( 1 ) 100 data matrices were generated using the seqboot program in phylip 3 . 57 , ( 2 ) the matrices were imported into paup * 4 . 0b10 and 100 trees with branch lengths were obtained using the gtr + i + g model of sequence evolution ( see above ) and the tree of figure 2 as a constraint , and ( 3 ) trees with branch lengths were transformed into trees with node times using treeedit v . 1 . 0 . the different values across the 100 trees were used to calculate the average and the standard deviation for the relevant nodes .

x - rays images used in the osteological comparisons were taken in a dedicated facility of the natural history museum , london following specific protocols optimized for urodeles . in total , 69 specimens belonging to the salamandridae and covering the whole geographical distribution of the western brook newts were x - rayed ( see appendix 2 ) .

to calibrate the phylogenetic trees , we used the methods described above ( see material and methods ) and an internal calibration point based on the assumption that divergence between pleurodeles waltl michahelles , 1830 and the ancestor of both north african p . poireti ( gervais , 1835 ) and p . nebulosus ( guichenot , 1850 ) was initiated by a vicariance event at the end of the messinian salinity crisis , approximately 5 . 3 mya , when the opening of the strait of gibraltar separated european and african populations of pleurodeles ( carranza & arnold , 2004 ; carranza & wade , 2004 ) .

the results of the combined analyses for the combined dataset are presented in figure 2 and all the different methods employed clearly indicate that euproctus is polyphyletic . to test this result , the log likelihood of the ml tree presented in figure 2 ( −6882 . 664 ) was compared with the log likelihood of an ml tree constrained so that euproctus was monophyletic ( −6954 . 332 ) . the results of the sh test showed that the constrained tree is significantly different , having a significantly worse log likelihood value than the unconstrained solution ( diff - ln l = 71 . 66744 ; p < 0 . 001 ) , and hence the tree in figure 2 , where euproctus is polyphyletic , is consequently preferred .

by contrast , the tyrrhenian brook newts form a highly supported monophyletic group ( 100 % in all analyses ) with unresolved affinities to mesotriton and lissotriton . our data support e . montanus and e . platycephalus having diverged from each other approximately 5 . 5 mya , a date that coincides with the end of the messinian salinity crisis and the refilling of the mediterranean sea ( see carranza & arnold , 2004 ) .


diandrya is a genus of cestode parasites that are known from marmots ( marmota spp. ) in north america .

the species diandrya composita , described along with the genus by j. g. darrah in 1930 , is known from all north american marmots except the woodchuck ( m. monax ) .

the species d. vancouverensis , described by t. f. mace and c. d. shepard in 1981 , is only known from the vancouver marmot ( m. vancouverensis ) , an island endemic on vancouver island .

diandrya

diandrya <EOT> diandrya composita is a species of cestode parasite that is known from marmots ( marmota spp . ) in north america .

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boonea cincta is a species of sea snail , a marine gastropod mollusk in the family pyramidellidae , the pyrams and their allies .

the species is one of eleven known species within the boonea genus of gastropods .

boonea cincta

boonea cincta <EOT> - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - species : boonea cincta ( p . p . carpenter , 1864 ) - id : 2241750005

boonea seminuda ( c . b . adams , 1839 ) – half - smooth odostome

robertson r . 1978 . spermatophores of six eastern north american pyramidellid gastropods and their systematic significance ( with the new genus boonea ) . biological bulletin , 155 : 360 - 382 , available online at urltoken [ details ]

pimenta a . d . , absalão r . s . & miyaji c . ( 2009 ) . a taxonomic review of the genera boonea , chrysallida , parthenina , ivara , fargoa , mumiola , odostomella and trabecula ( gastropoda , pyramidellidae , odostomiinae ) from brazil . zootaxa 2049 : 39 - 66 [ details ]

( of odostomia ( boonea ) robertson , 1978 ) vaught , k . c . ; tucker abbott , r . ; boss , k . j . ( 1989 ) . a classification of the living mollusca . american malacologists : melbourne . isbn 0 - 915826 - 22 - 4 . xii , 195 pp . ( look up in imis ) [ details ]

integrated taxonomic information system ( itis ) . , available online at urltoken [ details ]

turgeon , d . ; quinn , j . f . ; bogan , a . e . ; coan , e . v . ; hochberg , f . g . ; lyons , w . g . ; mikkelsen , p . m . ; neves , r . j . ; roper , c . f . e . ; rosenberg , g . ; roth , b . ; scheltema , a . ; thompson , f . g . ; vecchione , m . ; williams , j . d . ( 1998 ) . common and scientific names of aquatic invertebrates from the united states and canada : mollusks . 2nd ed . american fisheries society special publication , 26 . american fisheries society : bethesda , md ( usa ) . isbn 1 - 888569 - 01 - 8 . ix , 526 + cd - rom pp . ( look up in imis ) page ( s ) : 110 [ details ]

( of odostomia pulcherrima dall & bartsch , 1909 ) abbott r . t . ( 1974 ) . american seashells . the marine mollusca of the atlantic and pacific coast of north america . ed . 2 . van nostrand , new york . 663 pp . , 24 pls . [ october 1974 ] . ( look up in imis ) page ( s ) : 294 [ details ]

( of odostomia pulcia dall & bartsch , 1909 ) abbott r . t . ( 1974 ) . american seashells . the marine mollusca of the atlantic and pacific coast of north america . ed . 2 . van nostrand , new york . 663 pp . , 24 pls . [ october 1974 ] . ( look up in imis ) page ( s ) : 294 [ details ]

( of odostomia sapia dall & bartsch , 1909 ) abbott r . t . ( 1974 ) . american seashells . the marine mollusca of the atlantic and pacific coast of north america . ed . 2 . van nostrand , new york . 663 pp . , 24 pls . [ october 1974 ] . ( look up in imis ) page ( s ) : 294 [ details ]

( of odostomia vicola dall & bartsch , 1909 ) abbott r . t . ( 1974 ) . american seashells . the marine mollusca of the atlantic and pacific coast of north america . ed . 2 . van nostrand , new york . 663 pp . , 24 pls . [ october 1974 ] . ( look up in imis ) page ( s ) : 294 [ details ]

( of odostomia vincta dall & bartsch , 1909 ) abbott r . t . ( 1974 ) . american seashells . the marine mollusca of the atlantic and pacific coast of north america . ed . 2 . van nostrand , new york . 663 pp . , 24 pls . [ october 1974 ] . ( look up in imis ) page ( s ) : 294 [ details ]

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version 43 . 0 went live 11 / 6 / 2018 - i hope that the majority of issues have been fixed . my email address is on the home page if you see anything wrong .

confused by a class within a class or an order within an order ? please see our brief essay .

to cite this page : myers , p . , r . espinosa , c . s . parr , t . jones , g . s . hammond , and t . a . dewey . 2018 . the animal diversity web ( online ) . accessed at https : / / animaldiversity . org .

disclaimer : the animal diversity web is an educational resource written largely by and for college students . adw doesn ' t cover all species in the world , nor does it include all the latest scientific information about organisms we describe . though we edit our accounts for accuracy , we cannot guarantee all information in those accounts . while adw staff and contributors provide references to books and websites that we believe are reputable , we cannot necessarily endorse the contents of references beyond our control .

this material is based upon work supported by the national science foundation grants drl 0089283 , drl 0628151 , due 0633095 , drl 0918590 , and due 1122742 . additional support has come from the marisla foundation , um college of literature , science , and the arts , museum of zoology , and information and technology services .

turgeon , d . d . , j . f . quinn , jr . , a . e . bogan , e . v . coan , f . g . hochberg , w . g . lyons , et al .

common and scientific names of aquatic invertebrates from the united states and canada : mollusks , 2nd ed .

disclaimer : itis taxonomy is based on the latest scientific consensus available , and is provided as a general reference source for interested parties . however , it is not a legal authority for statutory or regulatory purposes . while every effort has been made to provide the most reliable and up - to - date information available , ultimate legal requirements with respect to species are contained in provisions of treaties to which the united states is a party , wildlife statutes , regulations , and any applicable notices that have been published in the federal register . for further information on u . s . legal requirements with respect to protected taxa , please contact the u . s . fish and wildlife service .

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click on photo to enlarge . scale line in photo equals 1cm unless otherwise specified .

the odostome snails can be difficult to identify and are under study to sort out the species . ours were identified by pyramidellidae authority patrick lafollette of the natural history museum , los angeles county .

this is very rarely found due to its small size . it has a subtle beaded sculpture which fades to only spiral grooves near the base of the aperture .

this is rarely found intertidally in our area . the shell is white . the last whorl exhibits an angled lower portion .

intertidal to 37m size to 7mm california to bc this is rarely found intertidally . the shell is golden - yellow to reddish - brown . there are 20 - 22 axial ribs per whorl . they do not extend to the base of the last whorl . the shell also has very fine spiral lines .

this is occasionally found intertidally . it is a parasite and has been found on various species of mollusks . the shell is white to yellow with microscopic spiral striations . it has a rounded base and an oval aperture .

. further research shows this species may parasitize the siphons of a wide range of bivalves .

the turbonillas are a little understood group in the pacific northwest which need further study . we do not attempt to identify them to species level at this time , except for

. our numbering system does not correlate to any other reference , but is simply our own way to keep track of the types we have found . we are not sure exactly how many valid species exist in our area .

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full text of " morphology and phylogenetic relationships of certain pyramidellid taxa ( heterobranchia ) . "