the amber mountain rock thrush ( monticola sharpei erythronotus ) is a songbird in the family muscicapidae , formerly placed in the turdidae together with the other chats .

it is now usually considered a subspecies of the forest rock thrush .

amber mountain rock thrush

amber mountain rock thrush <EOT> nobody uploaded videos for amber mountain rock - thrush ( monticola erythronotus ) yet .

nobody uploaded sound recordings for amber mountain rock - thrush ( monticola erythronotus ) yet .

information on the amber mountain rock - thrush is currently being researched and written and will appear here shortly .

ioc 8 . 2 : tax : recent papers do not support previous splits of amber mountain rock thrush or benson ' ' s rock thrush , now included in forest rock thrush ( outlaw et al . 2007 , zuccon and ericson 2010 )

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forest or benson ' s rock - thrush [ incl . ssp . erythronotus ]

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amber mountain is made up of montane rainforest , mid - altitude rainforest , and dry deciduous forest .

. once a baseline population estimate has been obtained , continue to monitor its numbers . protect the species ' s habitat on amber mountain .

identify the species ' s ecological requirements . conduct a survey and extrapolate data for all rainforest on amber mountain to assess the species ' s population size ( m . rabenandrasana

collar , n . ( 2018 ) . amber mountain rock - thrush ( monticola erythronotus ) . in : del hoyo , j . , elliott , a . , sargatal , j . , christie , d . a . & de juana , e . ( eds . ) . handbook of the birds of the world alive . lynx edicions , barcelona . ( retrieved from urltoken on 9 july 2018 ) .

fluid , viable relationships bring into focus the connection of one life to another , and the ways in which we impact our planet and are impacted by it . i create images that reveal the inherent bond between species and ecosystems , people and the natural world . the amber mountain rock - thrush has been found only in madagascar ' s amber mountain massif . the bird ' s population is estimated to be less than 5 , 000 due to habitat loss and deforestation . as you view this image , feel the optimism as the brilliantly colored male sings to his mate with hope for a bright future . we can restore balance in our natural world ! yes we can !

males told from other rock - thrushes by diagnostic dark rufous back , females have bright orange tails and lack white streaking on the breast .

presently , there are few threats to the species . habitat destruction through commercial logging and clearance for subsistence agriculture are widespread threats in madagascar and may ultimately threaten this species . the clearance of forest on amber mountain has so far been limited ( f . hawkins

i believe amber mountain is overrated . inside the park there is a very limited wildlife and nothing really worth spending time on . yes you can see the smallest chameleon in the world ( brookesia ) but not in the park but nearby the park . at least this . . .

velvet asity , schlegel ' s asity , yellow - bellied sunbird - asity , appert ' s greenbul , grey - crowned greenbul , dusky greenbul , long - billed greenbul , spectacled greenbul , yellow - browed oxylabes , white - throated oxylabes , crossley ' s babbler , madagascar magpie - robin , amber mountain rock - thrush , forest rock - thrush , littoral rock - thrush , madagascar wagtail , ward ' s flycatcher , common newtonia , dark newtonia , archbold ' s newtonia , red - tailed newtonia , madagascar lark , madagascar swamp - warbler , thamnornis warbler , lantz ' s brush - warbler , grey emu - tail , brown emu - tail , common jery , stripe - throated jery , green jery , wedge - tailed jery , rand ' s warbler , cryptic warbler , nuthatch vanga , white - headed vanga , chabert ' s vanga , blue vanga , helmet vanga , sickle - billed vanga , rufous vanga , red - shouldered vanga , red - tailed vanga , lafresnaye ' s vanga , hook - billed vanga , pollen ' s vanga , , tylas vanga , ashy cuckoo - shrike , madagascar starling , forest fody , madagascar fody , sakalava weaver , nelicourvi weaver , madagascar munia also indri and several lemur .

next to joffreville , in the north of madagascar , there is a national park called " montagne d ' ambre " which is often translated as " amber mountain national park " . the access is easy from antsiranana . you can go there even by sedan . the main attraction are : wildlife , waterfall , . . .

: ambre mountain is an isolated patch of montane forest that rises from the surrounding dry region . the park is famous for its waterfalls and crater lakes .

collar , n . ( 2018 ) . blue rock - thrush ( monticola solitarius ) . in : del hoyo , j . , elliott , a . , sargatal , j . , christie , d . a . & de juana , e . ( eds . ) . handbook of the birds of the world alive . lynx edicions , barcelona . ( retrieved from urltoken on 9 july 2018 ) .

collar , n . ( 2018 ) . chestnut - bellied rock - thrush ( monticola rufiventris ) . in : del hoyo , j . , elliott , a . , sargatal , j . , christie , d . a . & de juana , e . ( eds . ) . handbook of the birds of the world alive . lynx edicions , barcelona . ( retrieved from urltoken on 9 july 2018 ) .

collar , n . ( 2018 ) . blue - capped rock - thrush ( monticola cinclorhyncha ) . in : del hoyo , j . , elliott , a . , sargatal , j . , christie , d . a . & de juana , e . ( eds . ) . handbook of the birds of the world alive . lynx edicions , barcelona . ( retrieved from urltoken on 9 july 2018 ) .

montagne d ' ambre ( ambre mountain ) is an isolated patch of montane forest that rises from the surrounding dry region . the park is famous for its waterfalls , crater lakes , and wildlife .

mountain forests of albertine rift in sw uganda ( bwindi impenetrable forest ) , w rwanda , burundi and e drcongo ( w of l edward to ruzizi area , and itombwe highlands to n end of l tanganyika ) .

16 cm . small forest - dwelling thrush . males have blue hoods , chestnut upperparts , bright orange tail with brown central feathers and orange underparts . females are much duller , mostly brown ( although have an orange wash on the underparts ) and lack the blue hood .

. the total population is estimated to number less than 5 , 000 individuals , which occur in a single block of forest on the upper slopes of one mountain , and may be declining , although so far there has been relatively low levels of habitat loss ( f . hawkins

amber schiltz , nebraska wildlife education coordinator growing up in southeast nebraska , amber spent much of her childhood camping , exploring and enjoying nature and the outdoors with her family . eventually she received her bachelor’s degree in fisheries and wildlife from the university of nebraska - lincoln . during college , she discovered her love of sharing a passion for nature with others through volunteering in environmental education . these experiences led to working for different agencies throughout nebraska . she joined bird conservancy as the nebraska wildlife education coordinator in 2016 , and reaches the entire nebraska panhandle with education programs , field trips and events throughout the year . ( 308 ) 633 - 1013

matthew mclaren , imbcr coordinator / biologist matthew joined the bird conservancy in 2010 and works on the bird monitoring program . after graduating from the university of colorado with a bachelor’s degree in biology and environmental science , matthew spent five years conducting field work throughout alaska . since then he has worked on several projects in colorado and wyoming , including studying mountain plover nest success and habitat use in wyoming . he is based in the fort collins office . ( 970 ) 482 - 1707 x22

ty woodward , private lands wildlife biologist ( woodland park , co ) born and raised in southeast colorado , tyrel earned his bachelor’s degree in biology from colorado college in 2008 . he studied lesser prairie chicken habitat on conservation reserve program enrolled land in southeast colorado and southwest kansas , and graduated with his master’s degree from colorado state university - pueblo in 2012 . he has worked for the colorado parks and wildlife as a wildlife conservation technician , aquatic conservation technician , and forest habitat technician . he has worked with wildlife species ranging from arkansas darters and new mexico jumping mouse to rocky mountain bighorn sheep , from the plains to the highest peaks . ty believes strongly in habitat conservation ; his forest restoration work has taken place across the state of colorado . when not working he enjoys hiking , camping , hunting , and fishing . ( 719 ) 686 - 9405 x103

this species is listed as endangered because it has a very small extent of occurrence and its forest habitat is declining in both area and quality . the population is small and suspected to be declining , albeit slowly . the validity of this taxon is doubtful and it may not be recognised as a species in the future .

recommended citation birdlife international ( 2018 ) species factsheet : monticola erythronotus . downloaded from urltoken on 09 / 07 / 2018 . recommended citation for factsheets for more than one species : birdlife international ( 2018 ) iucn red list for birds . downloaded from urltoken on 09 / 07 / 2018 .

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goodman , s . m . ; weigt , l . a . 2002 . the generic and species relationships of the reputed endemic malagasy genus pseudocossyphus ( family turdidae ) . ostrich 73 ( 1 & 2 ) : 26 - 35 .

the total population is estimated to number fewer than 5 , 000 individuals ( f . hawkins in litt . 2003 ) , roughly equivalent to 3 , 300 mature individuals . trend justification : the population is suspected to be declining at an unquantified rate , owing to limited habitat loss ( f . hawkins in litt . 2003 ) .

the species ' s ecology is poorly known . it inhabits mid - altitude and montane humid , evergreen forest from 800 - 1 , 300 m , and forages inconspicuously in the understorey and on the ground . the species nests in tree hollows or in crevices under overhangs ( morris and hawkins 1998 )

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classified as endangered ( en ) on the iucn red list ( 1 ) .

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, but with slightly larger bill , bluer on head and extending only to throat and nape ; mantle to wing - coverts dull chestnut , . . .

song poorly known , described as high - pitched and harmonious , or rich and short , often given at dusk . . .

montane evergreen humid forest and mistforest in areas with discontinuous canopy , thus creating . . .

forages on ground and in understorey . usually catches terrestrial prey in pounce from perch ; sometimes takes aerial prey in agile sally .

oct–nov . largest territory 2·5 ha , normally c . 1 ha . nest similar to that of

endangered . restricted - range species : present in east malagasy wet forests eba . common within localized range .

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incorporates pseudocossyphus and one species ( m . semirufus ) previously included in thamnolaea , based on genetic findings # r # r .

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this ecoregion contains a large number of endemic species , found in the remaining forest patches and also in some wetland areas , but the remaining habitats are highly fragmented and surrounded by a sea of anthropogenic grasslands and agricultural areas that have almost no biological value . this ecoregion is the site of some of the major extinctions of recent times , including that of the world’s largest flightless bird ( aepyornis maximus ) , and a number of large lemurs . with only small fragmented areas of habitat left within most areas of this ecoregion , there is a high risk of further species extinction in the near future .

the subhumid forest ecoregion has been previously mapped as part of the eastern madagascar regional center of endemism ( white 1983 ) . to the east , these subhumid forests meet moist forests , in the lowland forest ecoregion around 800 m elevation , and to the west they merge into the dry deciduous forest ecoregion around 600 m elevation . at higher elevations ( generally above 1 , 800 to 2 , 000 m ) these habitats are replaced by ericoid thickets .

the rainfall is approximately 1 , 500 mm per year , although it may total as much as 2 , 000 mm in the sambirano area in the northwest and as little as 600 mm in the southwest . the temperatures at higher elevations are mainly moderate , between 15° and 25°c . there is a cool , dry season between july and september and a warmer wet season during the rest of the year .

the underlying geology of the ecoregion is mainly ancient precambrian basement rocks that have been deformed and uplifted over millions of years . there are a few areas of more recent lava flows , and some alluvial deposits associated with wetlands ( du puy and moat 1996 ) .

vast grasslands now cover the central highlands at elevations ranging from 1 , 000 to 1 , 500 m ( jolly et al . 1984 , du puy and moat 1996 ) . there is some debate regarding the degree to which this upland area was formerly forested and the degrees to which humans have affected the fauna and flora ( burney 1997 , lowry et al . 1997 ) . however , it is clear there have been very significant anthropogenic changes in the ecoregion . the central highlands was once home to a remarkable array of endemic species . these included several species of elephant birds ( aepyornithidae ) , including the world’s largest bird species ( aepyornis maximus ) , a giant tortoise , and several species of lemurs most of which were large bodied species , some larger than female gorillas today . all of these species have become extinct since the arrival of humans on the island around 2 , 000 years ago .

there are few remaining patches of subhumid forest on the central highlands . small patches are found on ankaratra massif , and some larger forest blocks are on the slopes of andringitra and tsaratanana massifs . at the higher elevations , the subhumid forest , also referred to as sclerophyllous montane forest , holds canopy trees that are 10 to 12 m in height , including species from the families rubiaceae , lauraceae , verbenaceae and ericaceae . at lower elevations , from 1 , 400 to 1 , 600 m , the forest has a 15 m canopy and includes species in the families cunoniaceae , araliaceae , cornaceae , celestraceae , anacardiaceae , burseraceae , euphorbiaceae , lauraceae and ebenaceae .

the remaining " tapia " woodlands , in the southwest of the ecoregion are restricted in distribution . the largest intact areas of this habitat are found in the isalo and itremo massifs on sandstone and quartzite . they are characterized by a relatively open canopy dominated by members of the family sarcolaenaceae and euphorbiaceae , including the fire - resistant uapaca bojeri and the genus sarcolaena . the shrub layer consists of asteraceae , rubiaceae , and leguminosae . there are also some endemic kalanchoe and aloe species .

biodiversity features this ecoregion is similar to others in madagascar in that most natural vegetation cover has been destroyed . the remaining small and isolated patches or distinctly larger blocks are biodiversity " jewels " essential for a variety endemic species .

current status the remaining natural habitats of the central highlands are extremely fragmented except for the zone spanning its eastern edge and the upper portion of the eastern escarpment . on the central highlands proper , the few patches of natural vegetation continue to be fragmented by grassland fires . habitats of the ecoregion are partially protected with the remaining central highland forests of ambohijanahary and ambohitantely being protected areas and the eastern slopes of andringitra and the upper slopes of ranomafana being national parks . however , the degree to which the protected areas can maintain and manage the integrity of these habitats varies . lack of resources , inadequate training and limited personnel , in addition to the absence of clear management plans , all contribute to the difficulty of preventing habitat destruction within the reserves .

types and severity of threats remaining patches of forest and woodlands of the central highlands face continuous and intensive pressure from encroaching agriculture , increasing exploitation by growing human populations , and fire . introduced plants and animals are affecting the integrity of habitats . nearly all of the ecoregion has been modified either directly or indirectly by humans ( see lowry et al . 1997 ) .

justification of ecoregion delineation the madagascar subhumid forest , located in central madagascar , is based on cornet’s subhumid bioclimatic division ( cornet 1974 ) , with the eastern boundary delineated at 800 m elevation and the western boundary delineated at 600 m elevation . although the western boundary differs from humbert’s vegetation map ( humbert 1959 ) , the 600 m contour better reflects climatic patterns which distinguish moist evergreen forest from dry deciduous forest ( schatz per . comm . ) . the ecoregion also includes disjunct subhumid areas such as mt . d’ambre in the north and the analavelona and isalo massifs in the southwest .

references burney , d . a . 1997 . theories and facts regarding holocene environmental change before and after human colonization . in natural change and human impact in madagascar , eds . s . m . goodman and b . d . patterson , pp . 75 - 89 . washington , d . c . : smithsonian institution press .

carleton , m . d . , and s . m . goodman . 1998 . new taxa of nesomyine rodents ( muroidea : muridae ) from madagascar ' s northern highlands , with taxonomic comments on previously described forms . in a floral and faunal inventory of the réserve spéciale d ' anjanaharibe - sud , madagascar : with reference to elevational variation , ed . s . m . goodman . fieldiana : zoology , new series , 90 : 163 - 200 .

cornet , a . 1974 . essai cartographique bioclimatique à madagascar , carte à 1 / 2 ' 000 ' 000 et notice explicative n° 55 . paris : orstom .

du puy , d . j . and moat , j . 1996 . a refined classification of the primary vegetation of madagascar based on the underlying geology : using gis to map its distribution and to assess its conservation status . in w . r . lourenço ( editor ) . biogéographie de madagascar , pp . 205 - - 218 , + 3 maps . editions de l’orstom , paris .

gautier , l . and goodman , s . m . in press . inventaire floristique et faunistique de la réserve spéciale de manongarivo , madagascar . boissiera x : xx - xx .

harcourt , c . ( ed . ) 1990 . lemurs of madagascar and the comores . iucn red data book , iucn gland .

hilton - taylor , c . 2000 . 2000 iucn red list of threatened species . iucn , gland , switzerland and cambridge , united kingdom .

humbert , h . 1955 . les territoires phytogéographiques de madagascar . in . colloques internationaux du c . n . r . s . , 59 : les divisions écologique du monde . moyen d’expression , nomenclature , cartographie . paris , juin - juillet 1954 . année biologique , 3e sér . 31 : 439 - 448 .

humbert , h . 1959 . origines présumées et affinités de la flore de madagascar . mém . inst . sci . mad . sér . b ( bio . vég . ) , 9 : 149 - 187 .

jolly , a . , oberlé , p . and albignac , r . 1984 . key environments : madagascar . pergamon press , oxford .

langrand , o . 1990 . guide to the birds of madagascar . yale university press , new haven .

lowry , p . p . ii , schatz , g . e . and phillipson , p . b . 1997 . the classification of natural and anthropogenic vegetation in madagascar . pp . 93 - 123 in : s . m . goodman and b . d . patterson ( eds ) . natural change and human impact in madagascar . smithsonian institution press , washington , d . c .

mittermeier , r . a . , tattersall , i . , konstant , w . r . , meyers , d . m . & , mast , r . b . 1994 . lemurs of madagascar . conservation international , washington , d . c .

nicoll , m . e . and langrand , o . 1989 . madagascar : revue de la conservation et des aires protégées . world wide fund for nature , gland , switzerland .

perrier de la bâthie , h . 1936 . biogéographie des plantes de madagascar . paris : société d ' éditions géographiques , maritimes et coloniales .

white , f . 1983 . the vegetation of africa , a descriptive memoir to accompany unesco / aetfat / unso vegetation map of africa . unesco , paris .

world wildlife fund 1250 24th street , n . w . washington , dc 20037

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striated heron [ incl . bahamensis , anthonyi , frazari , excl . sundevalli ]

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barn , eastern barn , cape verde barn or andaman masked owl [ excl . insularis ]

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the park is about 27 km southwest of diego suarez . good place for bird watching and wildlife . . .

next to joffreville , in the north of madagascar , there is a national park called " montagne d ' ambre . . .

a vast , beautiful reserve , the parc national de montagne d ' ambre draws more visitors than any other place in northern madagascar .

this park was my first experience in madagascar . the hike was nice and we saw crowned lemur and several leaf geckos as well as lots of birds , chameleons , etc . it was worth seeing

the park is about 27 km southwest of diego suarez . good place for bird watching and wildlife sporting . you can always find mongooses close to the camping places .

what a beautiful rain forest so easy to reach to and so magnificient not to miss . its flora and fauna was so surprising to witness . . many lemurs . lots of chameleons , a very interesting experience to live . . must be seen . .

visited for two days . refreshing environment . lush , green forest , plenty of wildlife . there are a number of circuits you can trek . overnighted on the park grounds in the base camp in a building that looked like it ' s haunted . bring your sleeping bag if you plan . . .

our trip was organised by cactus tours madagascar , charlie was amazing . our guide edi was very knowledgeable and friendly . we had a fantastic day . we were lucky enough to spot lemurs near the end of our stay . we also saw chameleons and geckos . the park . . .

we had a day off whilst working the area and decided to go here due to it being reasonably close to antsiranana . the park is very nice and we had an excellent guide but didn ' t find any lemurs . what he did find was numerous species . . .

we visited the park on a recent trip to madagascar hoping to catch our first glimpse of lemur . we weren ' t disappointed seeing sanford brown lemur group . they weren ' t easy to photograph in the trees . we saw loads of chameleon , a boa constrictor , spiders , gecko and . . .

the chameleons in this park are amazing . try and get your guide to take you off the beaten path , and don ' t bother going all the way to the big waterfall - just go the first km or so ( before the eucalypt and pine appears ) .

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this park was my first experience in madagascar . the hike was nice and we saw crowned lemur and . . .

separation of races generally difficult ; characters tend to intergrade , suggesting that most , if not all , variation is clinal , perhaps including from longirostris through pandoo to philippensis . race philippensis highly distinctive in plumage and to some extent apparently also in ecology , but intergradation extensive , vocalizations very similar # r and molecular evidence # r contradicts a break between this form and the other taxa , identifying instead one clade for nominate and longirostris and another for pandoo and philippensis ( presumably with madoci ) . five subspecies recognized .

– nw africa , s europe ( e to italy and n balkans ) , n turkey , caucasus and transcaucasia ; non - breeding also n africa and arabia .

( blyth , 1847 ) – greece , w & s turkey and levant e to tien shan , afghanistan and nw himalayas ( n pakistan and kashmir ) ; non - breeding also arabia , ne africa e to nw india .

( sykes , 1832 ) – c himalayas , s , c & e china ( including hainan ) and n vietnam ; non - breeding s & se asia s to greater sundas .

– e mongolia , ne china , korea , sakhalin , s kuril is , japan , ryukyu is , coastal taiwan and n philippines ( batanes is ) ; non - breeding se china ( including hainan and taiwan ) , se asia and philippines s to sundas , moluccas and palau .

20–23 cm ; 37–70 g . male nominate race is deep blue , darker and browner on wings and tail . female variable , usually much duller above , generally blue - grey , often . . .

song ( by both sexes , chiefly by male ) melodious and rich , a short series of individually varied . . .

breeds on precipitous cliffs , in steep rocky valleys and defiles , ravines and gorges , on crags , . . .

invertebrates , small vertebrates , and fruit . mainly insects , including grasshoppers , locusts , crickets , mole - crickets , adult and larval . . .

mar–jul in nw africa , end apr to mid - jul in iberia and end feb to mid - jun in israel ; jun–jul in afghanistan , apr–jul in . . .

sedentary , partial migrant , altitudinal migrant and intercontinental migrant ; nocturnal migrant , . . .

not globally threatened . total population in europe in mid - 1990s estimated at 40 , 675–61 , 602 pairs , with additional 5000–50 , 000 pairs in turkey . by 2000 total . . .

most of the bird conservancy’s regular staff members are based in colorado and western nebraska , although they can be found across the rocky mountains and great plains working to conserve birds and their habitats . staff members are associated with our science , education , stewardship , international or administration teams , as indicated following their position titles .

tammy vercauteren , executive director a michigan native , tammy earned a bachelor’s degree in wildlife management in 1995 from michigan state university and a master’s degree in 1998 from the university of nebraska - lincoln where she studied sandhill cranes . she began working for bird conservancy ( then colorado bird observatory ) in 1999 as a specialist in gis and landowner outreach for the prairie partners program . she has been bird conservancy’s prairie partners coordinator and outreach director and has served as executive director since 2008 . she enjoys working with partners and encouraging proactive voluntary efforts for species conservation , and she believes it is relationships with people that will make a positive difference for conservation now and in the future . ( 970 ) 482 - 1707 x16

nannette archuleta , staff accountant raised in the north metro denver area , nannette earned a bachelor’s degree in business administration with an emphasis in management from the university of colorado denver in 2013 . a very competitive person , nannette loves meeting new people and trying new things . she enjoys the outdoors and spending time with her family and her two american bull dogs . nannette joined the finance team in the spring of 2015 and works out of the old stone house in brighton . ( 303 ) 659 - 4348 x13

has over 18 years of experience designing and implementing community conservation and rural development projects in africa and the western united states . prior to joining bird conservancy , adam

a human ecologist for usda - ars at the jornada ( new mexico state university ) where he coordinated the development of mobile and web - based data integration platforms to support grassland stewardship efforts around the world .

employs participatory action research in his work and is always searching for new and innovative ways to integrate local , traditional , and scientific knowledge in land use decision making . he earned both his master’s ( 2006 ) and phd ( 2010 ) in human dimensions of natural resources from colorado state university .

jennifer blakesley , biometrician jennifer received her bachelor’s degree in biology from utah state university , her master’s degree in wildlife resources from the university of idaho and her doctorate in wildlife biology from colorado state university . she studied the demography , habitat relationships and breeding dispersal of northern and california spotted owls for 18 years . prior to owl research , she studied habitat relationships of songbirds in utah , idaho and wyoming . jennifer joined the bird conservancy in july 2006 . ( 970 ) 482 - 1707 x18

tyler cash , environmental educator tyler grew up in sunny southern california where he spent most of his time outside and in the ocean . he graduated from the university of california santa cruz with a bachelors degree in environmental studies , where he gained extensive knowledge in natural history . tyler is extremely excited to share his knowledge and love of birds and the outdoors . ( 303 ) 659 - 4348 x19

mo was born and raised in conway , massachusetts . she earned her bachelor’s degree in biology at the college of

erin divine , coordinating wildlife biologist erin grew up in southeastern nebraska roaming around the farm land of her parents’ home and the adjacent state wildlife management area and state recreation area . she attended nebraska wesleyan university and earned a bachelor’s degree in biology in 2005 . in 2013 , she completed a graduate certificate of advanced study in geographic information systems from university of denver , university college . after earning her bachelor’s degree , she worked for the forest service in arizona , oregon state university and boise state university’s raptor research center conducting surveys for mexican and northern spotted owl , northern goshawk , golden eagle and other raptors . she also has some experience with habitat improvement projects . erin is stationed in chadron , nebraska . ( 308 ) 432 - 6122

growing up as a free - range child in the wilds of rural iowa , sarah’s connection with nature was fostered from an early age . this connection prompted her to earn a bachelor’s degree in animal ecology from iowa state university ( 2011 ) and then a master’s degree in conservation biology from miami university ( 2017 ) . realizing that most children no longer have the opportunity to connect with nature in safe , meaningful ways , and that these early experiences help to shape conservation - minded adults , she has made it her mission to innovate ways to bring children and nature back together . when not teaching , sarah can be found hiking , reading , or cooking with her husband . ( 303 ) 659 - 4348 x23

nancy drilling , dakotas projects coordinator a native iowan , nancy received her master’s degree at illinois state university and is finishing her doctorate in conservation biology at the university of minnesota . she has worked on many avian projects in all corners of the u . s . , including research on forest passerines , shorebirds , waterfowl and colonial water birds . she also has experience in southeast asia , including three years as a peace corps volunteer in thailand and several years working and conducting avian research in indonesia and malaysia . nancy coordinates bird conservancy projects in south dakota , including the second south dakota breeding bird atlas . ( 605 ) 791 - 0459

angela dwyer ( mangiameli ) , grassland wildlife coordinator , nebraska prairie partners originally from texas , angela moved to colorado in 2010 and worked part - time for audubon rockies on habitat restoration and at colorado state university on several gis vegetation mapping projects . she studied wading bird ecology and received a master’s degree in wildlife management at stephen f . austin state university in 2006 and has been working with birds ever since . angela was the conservation biologist for audubon north carolina from 2007 to 2010 , chasing shorebirds on the beach . she loves exploring colorado through birding , hiking and skiing . she is based in fort collins . ( 970 ) 482 - 1707 x17

marcella fremgen , range ecologist ( montrose , co ) marcella grew up in golden , colorado and did her undergraduate at western state college in gunnison in 2011 . she worked for colorado parks and wildlife and the u . s . forest service in gunnison , as well as oregon state university on a variety of projects . marcella then studied sage - grouse diet and habitat use at boise state university for her master’s degree . she enjoys skiing , backpacking , fishing and living in the west ! marcella is based out of the montrose , colorado nrcs office . ( 970 ) 249 - 8407 x129

veronica grigaltchik , private lands wildlife biologist ( jordan , mt ) veronica received her bachelor’s degree in zoology from the university of florida , where she first developed a passion for birds . she then worked with u . s . fish and wildlife at a wildlife refuge in south texas , conducting bird surveys . following this , she traveled to australia to complete a doctorate in biology at the university of sydney , where she explored how temperature affects interactions between species . she is currently based in the jordan nrcs field office and is working to deliver wildlife habitat conservation programs , emphasizing grassland birds , to landowners in montana . ( 406 ) 557 - 2740 x114

kelli hirsch , development manager a central nebraska native , kelli earned a bachelor’s degree from hastings college . kelli has spent her career in fundraising for various nonprofit organizations and truly enjoys connecting people’s passions and interests to an organization’s mission . kelli developed a deep appreciation for migrating sandhill and whooping cranes as a young child . although a bird novice compared to her colleagues , kelli’s appreciation for birds stems from personal connections to birding friends and loved ones . kelli loves natural landscapes , endless horizons and open spaces and looks forward to helping bird conservancy conserve these precious resources for future generations . in her spare time , kelli plays french horn with the denver philharmonic orchestra and gossamer winds and enjoys spending time with her family , hiking and exploring national parks . ( 303 ) 659 - 4348 x12

kelsea holloway , private lands wildlife biologist ( wetland specialist ) kelsea , a native to idaho , received her bachelor’s degree in wildlife resources from the university of idaho in 2013 . during her years as an undergrad she assisted with prairie song bird studies and pygmy rabbit habitat studies . in 2014 she moved to minnesota to assist the natural resources conservation service with the wetland reserve program ( wrp ) . after almost 2 years in minnesota , kelsea joined the bird conservancy team in colorado . she now assists multiple counties in northeast colorado with wrp management . ( 970 ) 356 - 8097 x109

wendy lanier , spotted owl project leader wendy received her bachelor’s degree in ecology , evolution and organismal biology from vanderbilt university . she became passionate about research with conservation applications while conducting avian field work in california and colorado . this passion led her to colorado state university , where she received her master’s degree in wildlife biology in 2015 . briefly leaving the avian world , her thesis focused on the effects of introduced greenback cutthroat trout on boreal toad recruitment . wendy is currently applying her knowledge of population biology , ecological modeling and conservation biology to monitor the threatened mexican spotted owl in arizona and new mexico . ( 970 ) 482 - 1707 x18

kelsey mazur , programs coordinator kelsey has served as an educator and a coordinator for a variety of nature - based experiential education programs . she’s gained professional experience building both citizen science and residential learning programs as well as inquiry - based family programs and summer camps . kelsey loves working with students , volunteers , and the public to share her love for birds , nature , and all things wild . kelsey is originally from ohio where she attended wittenberg university and earned a degree in history through studying pre - modern interpretations of the natural world . ( 303 ) 659 - 4348 x10

meredith mcburney , biologist / bander meredith made her decision to make conserving birds and their habitats her second career in 1997 when she held a warbler in the hand for the first time while volunteering for earthwatch in monteverde , costa rica . returning to colorado , she took hugh and urling kingery’s beginning birder class , obtained a bachelor’s degree in zoology from colorado state university , and learned her banding skills from the many excellent banders who preceded her as the bander at the barr lake station . she has worked for the bird conservancy since 2004 , and bands in the spring at chatfield and the fall at barr lake . she loves the hands - on experience of banding , and she loves sharing that experience with the hundreds of kids and adults who visit the banding stations every year . ( 303 ) 329 - 8091

stacey monahan , camp and family programs coordinator stacey grew up in the beautiful state of new hampshire , where she fostered a love of everything outdoors . she graduated from the university of vermont with a bachelors in wildlife biology . stacey has worked at many different environmental education centers and summer camps on the east and west coasts . she is very excited to bring her knowledge and experiences to bird camp ! ( 303 ) 659 - 4348 x18

maryanne murphy , chief administrative officer maryanne is a certified public accountant with nearly 30 years of experience , including six as controller at the denver museum of nature & science . during her career , maryanne has earned a reputation for her incredible attention to detail and ability to streamline organizations and processes . she earned her bachelor of science in accounting from drexel university in philadelphia . in her leisure time , maryanne enjoys walking tours of foreign lands and has explored zambia , morocco and turkey on foot ; the theater and recreational softball . ( 303 ) 659 - 4348 x16

david pavlacky , biometrician a colorado native , david received a bachelor’s degree in wildlife biology from colorado state university ( 1995 ) and a master’s degree in zoology and physiology from the university of wyoming ( 2000 ) . he earned a doctorate in zoology from the university of queensland , australia ( 2008 ) , where he studied landscape genetics and ecology of rainforest birds . david first worked for the bird conservancy as a field technician in 1995 , and he rejoined the bird conservancy in april 2008 to work on the spatial ecology of playa wetlands in eastern colorado and western nebraska . his research interests include quantitative methods for the distribution and abundance of wildlife and landscape ecology of forest birds . ( 970 ) 482 - 1707 x11

laura quattrini , stewardship program manager laura obtained a bachelor’s in wildlife biology from ohio university with an environmental studies certificate . she has assisted with numerous avian research projects with organizations including whitefish point bird observatory , carnegie museum of natural history / powdermill biological reserve , hawkwatch international , southern sierra research station and humboldt state university . she has higher education teaching experience and was an americorps vista organizing outreach efforts with landowners in southeast ohio . ( 970 ) 482 - 1707 x21

allison shaw , gis and data manager allison is originally from ann arbor , michigan . she obtained a bachelor’s degree in biology from grinnell college and a master’s degree in ecology and evolutionary biology from iowa state university . she has worked on forest and wetland conservation projects across the united states and central america for the nature conservancy , national park service , colorado natural heritage program , peace corps guatemala and others . she joined the bird conservancy in the fall of 2014 to assist the international team with data and project management . ( 970 ) 482 - 1707 x23

rita sims , accounting manager rita received her bachelor of science degree in accounting from metropolitan state university in denver , co . since graduating in 2012 she has gained experience in multiple types of industries focusing in on nonprofits in 2015 because she enjoys working for companies that have a larger picture in mind for the greater purpose . in her spare time , she enjoys spending time with her family and 4 dogs , trying to master the art of fishing and seeing more of the country side . ( 303 ) 659 - 4348 x14

erin strasser , biologist erin received her bachelor’s degree in zoology from northern arizona university where she studied pinyon jay behavioral ecology . in 2010 , she earned her master’s in raptor biology from boise state university , investigating the impacts of human disturbance on american kestrel stress physiology and reproductive abandonment . her passion for research and avian conservation has led her to study birds in several western states , as well as belize and honduras . she is interested in how anthropogenic change impacts breeding bird behavior and physiology , and the overwintering ecology of migrants . erin is involved with the bird conservancy’s chihuahuan desert grasslands project aimed at understanding overwintering survival and habitat use of baird’s and grasshopper sparrows . ( 970 ) 482 - 1707 x27

alex van boer , gis biologist growing up far from colorado on the east end of long island , alex began birding when he was only six years old . he graduated from bowdoin college in maine with a bachelor’s degree in biology and has spent the last several years working field jobs in conservation and ecological research , including a summer surveying saltmarsh birds for the university of connecticut . he started at the bird conservancy as a data proofing technician and gis volunteer , and joined as a full - time staff member in 2016 . alex enjoys the outdoors during all seasons and writes and performs music in his free time . ( 970 ) 482 - 1707 x19

chris white , director of science operations chris white is director of science operations with bird conservancy of the rockies . after graduating from arizona state university in 2002 with a bachelor’s degree in biology , chris volunteered at an avian rehabilitation facility in scottsdale , arizona and was smitten with birds . he conducted field work for the next few years , moving to fort collins , colorado along the way . chris was initially hired to work for the bird conservancy as a data entry technician in the fall of 2006 . since then , chris has worked is way up through the ranks , serving as a biologist , then imbcr coordinator , and finally to his current position working directly under the science director . ( 970 ) 482 - 1707 x24


astichopus is a monotypic genus of sea cucumbers , the only species in the genus being astichopus multifidus .

it is commonly known as the furry sea cucumber or the fissured sea cucumber and is native to the caribbean sea .

astichopus

astichopus <EOT> glynn , pw . , 1965 . active movements and other aspects of the biology astichopus and leptosynapta ( holothuroidea ) . biological bulletin . 129 : 106 - 127 .

food and agriculture organization of the united nations . fao geonetwork . fao aquatic species distribution map of astichopus multifidus ( geolayer ) . ( latest update : 04 jun 2015 ) accessed ( 9 jul 2018 ) . uri : urltoken

from the abstract : astichopus does this in response to sudden changes in changes in salinity concentration , oxygen deficiency and other " bodily disturbances . " the movement below may be a prelude to evisceration . . which i ' ve discussed here .

fao aquatic species distribution map of astichopus multifidus . the main sources of information for the species distribution are the habitat description and geographic range contained in the published fao catalogues of species ( more details at urltoken ) . terms used in th . . .

john starmer marked " from : sea stars , sea urchins , and allies : echinoderms of florida and the caribbean , by hendler , miller , pawson , & porter . 1995 " as trusted on the " astichopus multifidus ( sluter , 1910 ) " page .

update ! thanks to dave pawson for the citation ! go to this open access paper by peter glynn from 1965 on " active movements and other aspects of biology of astichopus and leptosynapta . biol . bull . 129 : 106 - 127 . " to read the full account !

( of stichopus multifidus sluiter , 1910 ) sluiter , c . p . ( 1910 ) . westindische holothurien . zool . jahrb . jena suppl . 11 : ( 331 - 342 ) . [ details ]

pawson , d . l . , d . j . vance , c . g . messing , f . a . solis - marin & c . l . mah . ( 2009 ) . echinodermata of the gulf of mexico . pp . 1177–1204 in felder , d . l . and d . k . camp ( eds . ) , gulf of mexico–origins , waters , and biota . biodiversity . texas a & m ; press , college s . [ details ]

m . de kluijver , g . gijswijt , r . de leon & i . da cunda

humann , p . , 1992 . reef creature identification - florida caribbean bahamas , ( ed . n . deloach ) . new world publications , inc . , paramount miller graphics , inc . , jacksonville , florida .

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thank you for taking the time to provide feedback on the iucn red list of threatened species website , we are grateful for your input .

toral - granda , m . v , alvarado , j . j . , benavides , m . , paola ortiz , e . , hamel , j . - f . & mercier , a .

has a wide distribution and has been important in fisheries in panama , venezuela , and nicaragua . in panama , costa rica , and venezuela , all sea cucumber fishing activities are banned . however , illegal fishing may occur in panama . there is no fishing information from other parts of its range and no evidence that it is fished . it is therefore listed as least concern .

this caribbean species occurs from the southeastern u . s . and the gulf of mexico , south to colombia and venezuela , and east to jamaica , dominican republic , puerto rico , cuba , panama and bahamas . it is found at depths between 1 - 37m ( miller and pawson 1984 ) .

the average density reported for this species in bocas del toro , panama ( 4 . 9 individuals per ha ) may indicate current critical overfishing levels . the estimated size of the total population in that area was 231 , 000 individuals ( guzman and guevara 2002 ) . this species was absent in 95 % of protected areas around cayos zapatillas in panama ( guzman and guevara 2002 ) .

along the eastern and central yucatan coast ( mexico ) a density of 5 . 92 individuals per ha was found in the east and 32 . 18 individuals per ha in the central coast . the total biomass was estimated at approximately 16 , 000 tonnes for an area of approximately 1 . 2 million hectares ( moguel

seagrass beds ( miller and pawson 1984 , toral - granda 2008 ) . it is also found in areas of calcareous algae ( miller and pawson 1984 ) , and prefers deeper , calmer reef environments ( hendler

this species is one of the most important commercial species in the caribbean , with fishing activties in panama ( toral - granda 2008 ) , and jamaica . it is of potential commercial interest in florida , puerto rico and the u . s . virgin islands ( bruckner 2006 ) .

although not one of the most valuable species for fishery purposes , it can be expected that this species may become more popular after the depletion or reduction of other species of higher commercial importance and value . it can be considered an emerging commercial species , because higher value indo - pacific species are becoming scarce .

guzman and guevara ( 2002 ) suggests that if the fishing pressure from 1997 is maintained , the population of this species in boca del toro , panama would collapse in nine days .

in panama , costa rica , and venezuela , all sea cucumber fishing activities are banned ( toral - granda 2008 ) . illegal fishing may occur in panama ( j . alvarado pers . comm . 2010 ) . the fishery for this species in nicaragua is unregulated . the distribution of this species overlaps with some protected areas .

toral - granda , m . v , alvarado , j . j . , benavides , m . , paola ortiz , e . , hamel , j . - f . & mercier , a . 2013 .

( errata version published in 2016 ) . the iucn red list of threatened species 2013 : e . t180493a102417783 .

to make use of this information , please check the < terms of use > .

yan wong changed the thumbnail image of " from : sea stars , sea urchins , and allies : echinoderms of florida and the caribbean , by hendler , miller , pawson , & porter . 1995 " .

jennifer hammock added an association between " from : sea stars , sea urchins , and allies : echinoderms of florida and the caribbean , by hendler , miller , pawson , & porter . 1995 " and " thalassia testudinum banks & sol . ex k . d . koenig " .

eol content is automatically assembled from many different content providers . as a result , from time to time you may find pages on eol that are confusing .

to request an improvement , please leave a comment on the page . thank you !

clark , h . l . ( 1922 ) . the holothurians of the genus stichopus . bul . mus . comp . zool . cambridge mass . 65 ( no . 3 ) : pp . 39 - 74 . [ details ]

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confused by a class within a class or an order within an order ? please see our brief essay .

to cite this page : myers , p . , r . espinosa , c . s . parr , t . jones , g . s . hammond , and t . a . dewey . 2018 . the animal diversity web ( online ) . accessed at https : / / animaldiversity . org .

disclaimer : the animal diversity web is an educational resource written largely by and for college students . adw doesn ' t cover all species in the world , nor does it include all the latest scientific information about organisms we describe . though we edit our accounts for accuracy , we cannot guarantee all information in those accounts . while adw staff and contributors provide references to books and websites that we believe are reputable , we cannot necessarily endorse the contents of references beyond our control .

this material is based upon work supported by the national science foundation grants drl 0089283 , drl 0628151 , due 0633095 , drl 0918590 , and due 1122742 . additional support has come from the marisla foundation , um college of literature , science , and the arts , museum of zoology , and information and technology services .

the following is a representative barcode sequence , the centroid of all . . .

barcode of life data systems ( bolds ) stats public records : 1 specimens . . .

is a variable , grey to green / black sea cucumber from . . .

this caribbean species occurs from the southeastern u . s . and the gulf . . .

the urltoken website brings together statistics , maps , pictures , and documents on food and agriculture from throughout the fao organization in one convenient location . this means that instead of searching multiple sites and sources , you will be able to go to one central place in order to collect or view the data that interests you . to assist in data retrieval , the site provides an efficient search engine as well as easy - to - use navigation menus .

heads up ! we will have a convenient download format available for this resource soon .

the designations employed and the presentation of material in this information product are not warranted to be error free and do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of fao concerning the legal status of any country , territory , city or area or of its authorities , or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers or boundaries . fao makes every effort to ensure , but does not guarantee , the accuracy , completeness or authenticity of the information in this information product .

food and agriculture organization of the united nations . ( 2012 ) . fao geonetwork . rome , italy : fao .

food and agriculture organization of the united nations . 2012 . fao geonetwork . rome , italy : fao .

food and agriculture organization of the united nations . ( 2012 ) . fao geonetwork . rome , italy , fao .

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biostor is built by @ rdmpage , code on github . page images from the biodiversity heritage library .

depth range based on 10 specimens in 2 taxa . water temperature and chemistry ranges based on 7 samples . environmental ranges depth range ( m ) : 11 - 179 temperature range ( °c ) : 22 . 312 - 26 . 768 nitrate ( umol / l ) : 0 . 615 - 6 . 773 salinity ( pps ) : 36 . 143 - 36 . 740 oxygen ( ml / l ) : 3 . 478 - 4 . 895 phosphate ( umol / l ) : 0 . 054 - 0 . 661 silicate ( umol / l ) : 1 . 232 - 2 . 986 graphical representation depth range ( m ) : 11 - 179 temperature range ( °c ) : 22 . 312 - 26 . 768 nitrate ( umol / l ) : 0 . 615 - 6 . 773 salinity ( pps ) : 36 . 143 - 36 . 740 oxygen ( ml / l ) : 3 . 478 - 4 . 895 phosphate ( umol / l ) : 0 . 054 - 0 . 661 silicate ( umol / l ) : 1 . 232 - 2 . 986 note : this information has not been validated . check this * note * . your feedback is most welcome .

gabaev , dd . , 1998 . some aspects of the ecology of young echinoderms settling on artificial substrata . pp 31 - 33 . in : echinoderms : san francisco . proceedings of the ninth international echinoderm conference , san francisco , california , usa , 5 - 9 august 1996 . ( mooi , r . , & telford , m . , eds . ) balkema press , rotterdam . 923 pps .

gagaev , sy . , bestuzheva , il . , & andronov , py . , 1997 . on the season dynamics in bottom ecosystems of amerasiatian province in the arctic by the example of the chaun bay of the east siberian sea . okeanologiya . 37 ( 5 ) : 761 - 769 .

gaill , f . , & van praet , m . , 1985 . aspects of macrobenthos nutrition . pp . 209 - 231 . in : deep sea populations from the gulf of gascogne : biogas expeditions . ( laubier , l . , & monniot , c . , eds . ) . brest , france : service documentation - publications , institut français recherche exploitation mer . 630 pp .

gamber , jh . , & clark , dl . , 1978 . distribution of microscopic molluscs , echinoderms and sponges in the central arctic ocean . micropaleontology . 24 ( 4 ) : 422 - 431 .

gamboa , r . , gomez , al . , & nievales , mf . , 2004 . , the status of sea cucumber fishery and mariculture in the philippines . pp . 69 - 78 . in : advances in sea cucumber aquaculture and management . ( lovatelli , a . , conand , c . , purcell , s . , uthicke , s . , hamel , jf . , mercier , a . , eds . ) . fao fisheries technical paper . no . 463 . 425pps .

ganapati , pn . , & radhakrishna , y . , 1962 . inquilinism between a new hesionid polychaete and a holothurian molpadia sp . current science . 31 : 382 - 383 .

gao , ym . , & sun , jb . , 2004 . the biochemical genetics of stichopus japonicus selenka population . dalian shuichan xueyuan xuebao . 19 ( 1 ) : 30 - 34 .

garcía - arrarás , je . , diaz - miranda , l . , torres , ii . , file , s . , jimenez , lb . , rivera - bermudez , k . , arroyo , ej . , & cruz , w . 1999 . regeneration of the enteric nervous system in the sea cucumber holothuria glaberrima . journal comparative neurology . 406 ( 4 ) : 461 - 475 .

garcía - arrarás , je . , enamorado - ayala , i . , torres - avillan , i . , & rivera , v . , 1991 . fmrfamide - like immunoreactivity in cells and fibers of the holothurian nervous system . neuroscience letters . 132 ( 2 ) : 199 - 202 .

garcía - arrarás , je . , estrada - rodgers , l . , santiago , r . , torres , ii . , diaz - miranda , l . , & torres - avillan , i . , 1998 . cellular mechanisms of intestine regeneration in the sea cucumber , holothuria glaberrima selenka ( holothuroidea : echinodermata ) . journal experimental zoology . 281 ( 4 ) : 288 - 304 .

garcía - arrarás , je . , & greenberg , mj . , 2001 . visceral regeneration in holothurians . microscopy researchtechnique . 55 : 438 - 451 .

garcía - arrarás , je . , lugo - chinchilla , am . , & chévere - colón , i . , 1992 . the expression of neuropeptide y immunoreactivity in the avian sympathoadrenal system conformswith two models of co - expression development for neurons and chromaffin cells . development . 115 : 617 - 627 .

garcía - arrarás , je . , rojas - soto , m . , jiménez , lb . , & díaz - miranda , l . , 2001 . the enteric nervous system of echinoderms : unexpected complexity revealed by neurochemical analysis . journal experimental biology . 204 : 865 - 873 , 2001 .

garcía - arrarás , je . , schenk , c . , rodriguez - ramirez , r . , torres , ii . , valentín , g . , & candelaria , ag . , 2006 . spherule cells in the echinoderm holothuria glaberrima and their involvement in intestinal regeneration . developmental dynamics . 235 : 3259 - 3267 .

garcía - arrarás , je . , torres - avillan , i . , & estrada , l . , 1998 . cellular events during intestinal regeneration in holothuria glaberrima : analysis using monoclonal antibodies . pp . 455 . in : echinoderms : san francisco . proceedings of the ninth international echinoderm conference , san francisco , california , usa , 5 - 9 august 1996 . ( mooi , r . , & telford , m . , eds . ) balkema press , rotterdam . 923 pps .

garcía - arrarás , je . , torres - avillan , i . , & ortiz - miranda , s . , 1991 . cells in the intestinal system of holothurians ( echinodermata ) express cholecystokinin - like immunoreactivity . general comparative endocrinology . 83 ( 2 ) : 233 - 242 .

garcía - arrarás , je . & viruet , e . , 1993 . enteric nerve fibers of holothurians are recognized by an antibody to acetylated ? - tubulin . neuroscience letters . 157 : 153 - 157 .

gardnier , sl . , & reiger , rm . , 1980 . rudimentary cilia in muscle cells of annelids and echinoderms . cell & tissue research . 213 : 247 - 252 .

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echinodermata ! starfish ! sea urchins ! sea cucumbers ! stone lillies ! feather stars ! blastozoans ! sea daisies ! marine invertebrates found throughout the world ' s oceans with a rich and ancient fossil legacy . their biology and evolution includes a wide range of crazy and wonderful things . let me share those things with you !

strange behavior i ' ve never heard of in this tropical sea cucumber . . .

seriously though , i ' ve never heard nor seen of a sea cucumber doing that rolling in the sand action . i this another thing that naturalists see that may not have been recorded before ? ?

on page 391 of their second edition of " reef creature identification " paul humann and ned deloach state " this creature can be quite active , and may be observed crawling or even rolling over and over . " unfortunately , no internet link availabble .

i pursue starfish related adventure around the world with a critical eye and an appreciation for weirdness . support has been courtesy of the national science foundation but the views and opinions presented herein are mine and do not reflect the opinions of them or any affiliated institutions . need to hire an invertebrate zoologist / marine biologist ? please contact me !

( photo by km6xo ) so , last week , i was contacted by an intrepid member of the public who was quite interested in finding out more about s . . .

if you ' ve ever enjoyed the fine diversity of japanese cuisine , and are a serious sushi connaisseur ( as i am ) you have probably experienc . . .

last week the foks over at newswatch national geographic proclaimed that they had the " 5 weirdest antarctic species " . hyperbo . . .

( from clipart etc - florida educational claringhouse ) i was casually checking the numbers for the echinoblog over a july 4th weekend in . . .

( photo by emily miller kauai ) so , recently i ' ve gotten a bunch of questions about these peculiar sea urchins via email - and so i thou . . .

the other day , i was thinking of big stuff . and then , a bit later , i was thinking of starfish stuff . and then i thought of cake . ( mmm . . . .

images here from the encyclopedia of life this week , something about the many different kinds of asteroids ( aka sea star or starfish ! ) t . . .

today ' s topic : starfish defense ! ! its curious how often this question comes up . people see starfish and other echinoderms that are just . . .

from wikipedia ! sea urchins ! who doesn ' t love em ? the spiny balls of the sea ! we eat em ! they ' re important to marine ecosystems . . .

toxopneustes ! aka the " flower urchin " is one of four species of toxopneustes ( all of which occur throughout the tropical pacifi . . .

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national inventory of natural heritage , website : https : / / inpn . mnhn . fr .

the office of national marine sanctuaries serves as the trustee for a network of underwater parks encompassing more than 600 , 000 square miles of marine and great lakes waters from washington state to the florida keys , and from lake huron to american samoa . the network includes a system of 13 national marine sanctuaries and papahānaumokuākea and rose atoll marine national monuments .

mallows bay on the tidal potomac river in maryland is home to nearly 200 known shipwrecks spanning from the revolutionary war through the present , and including the remains of the largest “ghost fleet” of world war i wooden steamships built for the u . s . emergency fleet , which are listed on the national register of historic places . mallows bay is a largely undeveloped landscape and waterscape identified as one of the most ecologically valuable in maryland , as the ship remains provide important habitat for fish and wildlife , including rare , threatened and endangered species .

wisconsin – lake michigan is an 875 square mile area of lake michigan with waters extending from port washington to two rivers . the state of wisconsin nominated this area as a national marine sanctuary through the sanctuary nomination process with broad community support . the area encompasses historic shipwrecks of national significance that merit the additional management authority of the national marine sanctuaries act . the nominated area contains an extraordinary collection of 39 known shipwrecks , 15 of which are listed on the national register of historic places .

papahānaumokuākea marine national monument ( pmnm ) is the largest conservation area in the world , protecting over 580 , 000 square miles of pacific ocean . the extensive coral reefs found in papahānaumokuākea – truly the rainforests of the sea – are home to over 7 , 000 marine species , one - quarter of which is found only in the hawaiian archipelago . many of the islands and shallow - water environments are important habitats for rare species such as the threatened green turtle and the endangered hawaiian monk seal . on less than six square miles of land , over 14 million seabirds representing 22 species breed and nest . land areas also provide a home for four species of bird found nowhere else in the world , including the world ' s most endangered duck , the laysan duck .

the national marine sanctuary of american samoa supports one of the most diverse ecosystems in the national marine sanctuary system . some of the marine life that finds a home in the sanctuary includes invertebrates , fishes , turtles , marine mammals and marine plants . the sanctuary protects extensive coral reefs , including some of the oldest and largest porites coral heads in the world , along with deep water reefs , hydrothermal vent communities and rare marine archaeological resources . located in the remote islands of polynesia , it is also the only true tropical reef within the national marine sanctuary system . it encompasses 13 , 581 square miles around the culture - rich islands of american samoa . visitors to the sanctuary can enjoy recreational activities such as diving , snorkeling and fishing as well as experience the cultural heritage of the islands .

greater farallones national marine sanctuary ( gfnms ) is a globally significant and extraordinarily diverse marine ecosystem that supports abundant wildlife and valuable fisheries . in 2015 , gfnms expanded north and west of their original boundaries to encompass 3 , 295 square miles . the farallon islands , located in the south - central part of the sanctuary , are a national wildlife refuge , offering resting and breeding sites for marine mammals and seabirds . the sanctuary has thousands of seals and sea lions , and is home to the largest concentration of breeding seabirds in the continental united states . visitors to gfnms can enjoy activities such as camping , tidepooling and surfing .

stellwagen bank national marine sanctuary ( sbnms ) is located at the mouth of massachusetts bay . the sand and gravel plateau that gives the sanctuary its name was formed by the slow retreat of massive ice age glaciers , which sculpted the dynamic seafloor . the nutrient - rich waters above and around the bank support a diverse ecosystem that has been a famous fishing ground for more than 400 years and claims status as the birthplace of east coast whale watching . historic new england shipping routes cross the sanctuary , and over the course of centuries , the seafloor has become a repository for shipwrecks – time capsules of our maritime heritage . the entire sanctuary encompasses 842 square miles of open ocean 25 miles east of boston . visitors to sbnms can enjoy whale watching , bird watching , diving and fishing in this history - rich and biologically - diverse habitat .

. our planet is an ocean planet , and whether you live near the coast or a thousand miles from it , the ocean is part of your life . from providing the food we eat to determining our weather , the ocean matters to each of us - - and the national marine sanctuary system protects this vital resource .

with that in mind , the photos and videos of earth is blue bring these ocean treasures directly to smartphones and computers all over the world , where they can serve as a tangible reminder that no matter where you are , the ocean and great lakes are in your hands . we hope these images inspire you to help care for our ocean and to spread the word that earth isn ' t green - - it ' s

a bat ray near anacapa island in channel islands national marine sanctuary . these graceful creatures use their fins to expose buried prey like clams and other mollusks . ( photo : robert schwemmer / noaa )

these are not the droids you ' re looking for – they ' re hydroids ! learn about these odd invertebrates in our video .

stories from the blue celebrate the people at the center of national marine sanctuaries and marine national monuments .

for the first time in two decades , noaa invites communities across the nation to nominate their most treasured places in our marine and great lakes waters for consideration as national marine sanctuaries .

in response to ongoing widespread interest from the public , noaa has launched a new , locally driven sanctuary nomination process developed with input from more than 18 , 000 public comments . throughout the nomination process , noaa will be available to answer questions and provide guidance to nominating communities and other interested parties . noaa will also update nominators on the progress of the agency ' s review of their nomination .

actor and activist edward james olmos lends his voice to the new sanctuary nomination process and offers a challenge to the american people . watch in hd

across all national marine sanctuaries , about $ 8 billion annually is generated in local coastal and ocean dependent economies .

we are pleased to share with you the final version of our vision for america ' s treasured ocean places , our five - year plan for advancing the protection of the amazing ocean and great lakes places managed by noaa ' s office of national marine sanctuaries . this document incorporates feedback from staff , members of the public , and a number of partner institutions and entities received throughout the process , including during a comment period posted in march 2017 .

national marine sanctuaries are ideal destinations for travelers who enjoy a diversity of recreational activities .

volunteers help to ensure marine sanctuaries remain america ' s underwater treasures for future generations .