the viceroy ( limenitis archippus ) is a north american butterfly that ranges through most of the contiguous united states as well as parts of canada and mexico .

the westernmost portion of its range extends from the northwest territories along the eastern edges of the cascade range and sierra nevada mountains , southwards into central mexico .

its easternmost range extends along the atlantic and gulf coasts of north america from nova scotia into texas .

the viceroy was named the state butterfly of kentucky in 1990 .

viceroy ( butterfly )

viceroy ( butterfly ) <EOT> watch the monarch butterfly and the viceroy butterfly fly , if possible . viceroy butterflies do not glide as smoothly as monarch butterflies .

examine the outstretched wings of both the monarch butterfly and the viceroy butterfly . the viceroy butterfly’s wings are smaller than the monarch butterfly’s wings . viceroy butterfly wings range between 2 ½ and 3 3 / 8 inches . monarch butterfly wings range between 3 3 / 8 and 4 7 / 8 inches .

the viceroy butterfly , ( basilarchia archippus , ) was chosen as kentucky state butterfly on july 13 , 1990 partly because of its striking resemblance to a large and better known species the monarch butterfly . the difference between the two is that the monarch butterfly is poisonous and the viceroy butterfly is not . the birds still will not eat the viceroy butterfly because it looks so much like the monarch butterfly .

ritland db , brower lp . the viceroy butterfly is not a batesian mimic .

the mimicry of viceroy butterfly ( nonpoisonous ) seized biologists ’ attentions widely because in all metamorphosis stages of viceroy mimic something .

the viceroy butterfly is unpalatable and is known to upset the stomach of its predators .

viceroy butterfly the garden club of kentucky , the garden club of kentucky , 2004 .

perhaps they couldn ' t remember the name of the viceroy butterfly , and my article reminded them .

an adult viceroy butterfly exhibits a further complex form of defensive mimicry . this behavior of the viceroy is yet to be understood completely . the viceroy butterfly exhibits physical resemblance to three species of genus danaus . the physical appearance of the viceroy butterfly changes dramatically according to the species with which it shares their habitat . monarch , queen and soldier are the three closely related butterflies that share its physical characteristics with the viceroy .

butterfly host plants are important when you create your butterfly garden to provide a site for the butterfly to lay eggs and also food source for the emerging caterpillar .

the law designating the viceroy butterfly as the official kentucky state butterfly is found in the kentucky revised statutes , title 1 , chapter 2 , section 2 . 083 .

evolution of viceroy butterfly resembling monarch butterfly in appearance and in same geographical areas of north american continent could be termed as an example of mimicry and co - evolution .

the viceroy caterpillars can trick its predators . it can do this because it looks like bird droppings . the viceroy butterfly eats willows , poplars , and aspen leaves .

ritland db , brower lp ( 1991a ) the viceroy butterfly is not a batesian mimic . nature 350 : 497–498

ritland db , brower lp ( 1991b ) the viceroy butterfly is not a batesian mimic . nature 350 : 497–498

the viceroy butterfly lives in meadows , marshes and swamps and other wet areas with willow , aspen and poplar trees .

research exposes myth on butterfly coloring : evolution : century - old belief is discredited . it held that viceroy butterfly avoids being eaten by mimicking coloration of two kinds that birds dislike .

our butterfly information is constantly growing as we add new posts . here you can find information on butterfly life stages as well as info on raising butterflies , butterfly gardening , overwintering and more . please contact us if you have suggestions on helpful butterfly topics !

research exposes myth on butterfly coloring : evolution : century - old belief is discredited . it held that viceroy butterfly avoids being eaten by mimicking coloration of two kinds that birds dislike . - latimes

ritland db , brower lp . 1991 . the viceroy butterfly is not a batesian mimic . nature 350 : 497 - 498 .

ritland db ( 1991a ) ecological dynamics of viceroy butterfly mimicry in florida . ph . d . dissertation , university of florida , gainesville

the viceroy butterfly ( limenitis archippus ) is nearly identical to the monarch butterfly . it has orange - brown wings with dark black veins . a black line across the hindwing distinguishes it from the monarch .

please note , that a mimic ( in this case viceroy butterfly ) can derive advantage of its anti - predator adaptation only when it is outnumbered by the model ( monarch butterfly ) in the area .

adult viceroy butterflies feed on fruit , flowers , and other available food . this viceroy is drinking the bubbles from a spittle bug .

hatter , kathryn . " how to tell the difference between a monarch & a viceroy butterfly . " sciencing , urltoken 24 april 2017 .

hatter , kathryn . " how to tell the difference between a monarch & a viceroy butterfly " last modified april 24 , 2017 . urltoken

the viceroy caterpillar eats the leaves of willow and poplar trees . the viceroy butterfly eats dung , carrion , fungi , and the nectar of flowers from the asteraceae family like golden rod , thistles , and asters .

caterpillars strongly resemble red spotted purple butterfly caterpillars . viceroy caterpillars have more spikes on their bumps and their tubercles on their thorax are slightly different .

the viceroy butterfly - one of god ' s of little folk frank l . hoffman , northern prairie wildlife research center , 11 feb 2009 .

wings the coloring and pattern of monarch and viceroy wings look nearly identical . however , a viceroy has a black line crossing the postmedian hindwing .

the viceroy is found in most of the continental united states and in southern canada and northern mexico . the viceroy is found throughout new hampshire .

the viceroy butterfly is dark orange with black veins . a row of white spots edge its wings . its color and pattern mimics the monarch butterfly ' s pattern except for a black horizontal stripe that crosses the bottom of its back wings . the viceroy caterpillar is white and olive - brown .

the viceroy butterfly ( see brush - footed butterfly ) and the monarch share similar coloration . indeed , like the monarch , the viceroy is unpalatable to some of its predators . hence , it is believed that the two noxious organisms resemble one another as a form of defense against predators and that…

by benny mazur from toledo , oh ( a viceroy butterfly uploaded by berichard ) [ cc - by - 2 . 0 ] , via wikimedia commons

remarks : this butterfly is famous for its mimicry of the distasteful monarch ( danaus plexippus ) . by imitating a butterfly that repels predators , the viceroy is less likely to be attacked . both species have similar ranges in canada .

hatter , kathryn . ( 2017 , april 24 ) . how to tell the difference between a monarch & a viceroy butterfly . sciencing . retrieved from urltoken

lastly , the adult viceroy mimics the monarch butterfly . the milkweed that the monarch butterfly feeds on as larva contains cardiac glycosids , meaning heart poisons , causing the adult to be unpalatable . birds avoid both of viceroy and monarch because they look so much alike . female monarchs are considered to have more glycosids than males . [ 24 ] however , recent studies indicate that the viceroy is also inedible , giving each butterfly twice the protection from predators . [ 25 ]

viceroy forms occasional natural hybrids with the red spotted purple , limenitis astyanax . immature stages of the latter species are very similar to these of the viceroy .

only 1 or 2 butterfly eggs out of 100 live to become adult butterflies .

brower lp , glazier sc . localization of heart poisons in the monarch butterfly .

heliconius genome consortium . butterfly genome reveals promiscuous exchange of mimicry adaptations among species .

limenitis a . floridensis : l . a . floridensis or the florida viceroy is spread throughout florida and southern georgia . its wings are darker and it can grow larger than the eastern viceroy . its physical appearance closely resembles the queen butterfly ; but unlike the queen , the viceroy has a black line on its hind wings .

it was voted as the kentucky state butterfly on july 13th in the year 1990 .

smith das , owen df . colour genes as markers for migratory activity : the butterfly

birds are main predators to the viceroy butterfly . since the eggs of viceroy are laid at the tip of the leaves , the predators have hard time finding them . caterpillars , as well as chrysalis , begin to resemble bird’s dropping , which gives them protection . as they grow mature , they bear a resemblance to the monarch butterfly , known as poisonous butterfly . thus , the birds avoid eating both of them . [ 22 ]

viceroy butterfly is a mimic of monarch butterfly , which could be termed a model . monarchs are slightly larger and distasteful for birds feeding on them . they are migratory and spend the winter in mexico or california , but travels north towards canada in warmer temperatures .

title i - sovereignty and jurisdiction of the commonwealth . chapter 2 - citizenship , emblems , holidays , and time . 2 . 083 state butterfly . the viceroy butterfly is named and designated as the state butterfly . effective : july 13 , 1990 history : created 1990 ky . acts ch . 78 , sec . 1 , effective july 13 , 1990 .

the butterfly lab the peggy notebaert nature museum , the peggy notebaert nature museum , date .

urquhart fa ( 1987 ) the monarch butterfly : international traveler . nelson - hall , chicago

clark sh , platt ap . 1969 . influence of photoperiod on development and larval diapause in the viceroy butterfly , limenitis archippus . journal of insect physiology 15 : 1951 - 1957 .

viceroy butterfly accomplishes complete metamorphosis , involving four stages of egg , larva , pupa , and adult . mating regularly occurs from april to september . they practice fertilization in the afternoon .

, because it provides a very clear alternative cause for avoiding the viceroy : that butterfly is poisonous as well , and is to be avoided on its own merits . this certainly makes it less likely that the general avoidance of the viceroy is based on its resemblance to the monarch .

plant good nectar sources in the sun - your key butterfly nectar source plants should receive full sun from mid - morning to mid - afternoon . butterfly adults generally feed only in the sun . if sun is limited in your landscape , try adding butterfly nectar sources to the vegetable garden .

butterfly eggs near the point of hatching ) ( gilbert 1975 in pasteur 1982 , 186 ) .

urquhart fa , urquhart nr . autumnal migration routes of the eastern population of the monarch butterfly (

first , the eggs of viceroy have a resemblance of insect galls that affect the host plants .

species limenitis archippus - viceroy troy bartlett , iowa state university entomology , 16 february , 2004 .

limenitis a . obsoleta : also known as the arizona viceroy , this subspecies is found mainly in arizona and in parts of california and utah . the black lining on the hind wing is a little edgy with small white spots along the line . out of all the viceroy subspecies , the limenitis a . obsoleta population faces tremendous habitat loss due to human activity in the viceroy butterfly range .

the viceroy ( basilarchia archippus or limenitis archippus ) is known for its mimetic relationship with the monarch butterfly ( danaus plexippus ) . the two species resemble one another in their coloration , and both are distasteful to predators . viceroy larvae feed on willow , aspen , and poplar foliage and retain in…

at all stages , the viceroy exhibits a mimicking behavior to avoid predators . the eggs of the viceroy resemble insect galls to deceive predators . the hatched viceroy caterpillars resemble bird droppings and also secrete salicylic acid , which makes them bitter in taste and upsetting to the predator’s stomach . due to their appearance and taste , most predators avoid the caterpillar , allowing it to grow into an adult butterfly .

the viceroy butterfly is a brush - footed butterfly . brush - footed butterflies have tiny , hairy forelegs that look more like brushes than feet and are not used for walking . it is dark orange with black veins . a row of white spots edge its wings . its color and pattern mimics the

the monarch butterfly west virginia division of natural resources , west virginia division of natural resources , 2003 .

stimson js , kasuya m . decline in the frequency of the white morph of the monarch butterfly (

sauman i , et al . connecting the navigational clock to sun compass input in monarch butterfly brain .

stimson j , kasuya m . decline in the frequency of the white morph of the monarch butterfly (

abundance : the viceroy is common in most parts of its canadian range , particularly in the south .

the viceroy butterfly prefers shrubby habitat , usually found nearby a water source or swamp land . they are found mainly in north america and in parts of mexico and southern canada . they are diurnal with complete activity during the day time . adult viceroy butterflies feed on nectar from flowers and can be often found on milkweed and thistles . caterpillars of the viceroy eat leaves of trees and shrubs like willows and cottonwood .

for a long time it believed that the viceroy is not at all harmful to its predators , and so it mimics unpalatable butterflies like the monarch and the queen . on the basis of this conclusion , early biologists believed that the behavior can be termed as batesian mimicry , where one harmless species mimics the other harmful one to deceive the predators . however , later studies conducted extensively on the queen , monarch butterfly and viceroy butterfly , gave contradictory conclusions . researchers found that the viceroy butterfly itself is quite unpalatable to its predators , and the mimicking behavior cannot be termed as batesian as none of the butterflies were dependant parasitically on each other . based on this , biologists suggested that viceroy butterfly mimicry is a better example of müllerian mimicry , where different species with similar needs , mimic each other for easier survival . simply , any bird that has once tasted a monarch , queen or viceroy , tends to avoid all butterflies with similar appearances .

obviously , viceroy derives huge benefit by becoming the mimic of distateful monarch . birds in the area have rejected viceroy types as well from the list of insects on which they can feast , along with monarchs .

turner jrg ( 1977 ) butterfly mimicry : the genetical evolution of an adaptation . evol biol 10 : 163–206

reichstein t , von euw j , parsons ja , rothschild m . heart poisons in the monarch butterfly .

another aspect of monarch biology that has attracted attention is their bold warning coloration . the monarch butterfly , like

dingle h , zalucki mp , rochester wa , armijo - prewitt t . distribution of the monarch butterfly ,

niitepold k , et al . flight metabolic rate and pgi genotype influence butterfly dispersal rate in the field .

the scientific community is divided on whether the viceroy is a batesian mimic ( a butterfly that is palatable , but mimics an unpalatable species to avoid predation ) or a mullerian mimic ( a mimicry involving two unpalatable species ) . a recent study has shown the viceroy is less palatable than either of the species it mimics , the monarch and queen butterflies , meaning those species most likely benefit more from the mimicry than the viceroy .

the viceroy can be found in most of the continental united states and in southern canada and northern mexico .

the viceroy ranges from central canada through the eastern united states , into the cascade mountains and northern mexico .

ritland and brower’s thinking about the relationship between the viceroy and the monarch was revolutionary , and their work gained support from subsequent research on the toxic compounds stored in the bodies of the monarch and viceroy . in fact , recent studies have revealed that when stressed the viceroy releases volatile phenolic glycosides , which deter predator attack .

good examples here for butterflies would be the monarch ( 1st pic ) and viceroy ( 2nd pic ) .

for a long time folks thought that the monarch was poisonous and the viceroy was not , and that the viceroy ' s monarch - like coloring tricked predators into avoiding it unnecessarily . it ' s now believed that

look carefully at the black markings on the wings of both butterflies . both butterflies have forewings and hindwings . the hindwings ( the lower set of wings ) of a monarch butterfly have stripes extending down from the top of the wings . a viceroy butterfly has similar stripes extending down the hindwings , except the viceroy’s hindwings also have a horizontal black stripe going across each hindwing . this horizontal stripe is the most significant difference between viceroys and monarchs .

brower lp , glazier sc ( 1975 ) localization of heart poisons in the monarch butterfly . science 188 : 19–25

froy o , gotter al , casselman al , reppert sm . illuminating the circadian clock in monarch butterfly migration .

to their surprise , the researchers found that the monarch and the viceroy butterflies were equally distasteful to the birds and that the queen butterfly - - supposedly the object of mimicry - - actually tasted better than the other two .

male viceroy butterflies are territorial . they perch on some object near a willow tree and wait for a female to enter their range of vision . anything that enters the territory is investigated . if it is a female viceroy , he will try to mate with her . if it is not a viceroy , he will try to chase it off . on rare occasions , cross mating between viceroy and red - spotted purple butterflies occurs . it is said that in those occasions , it is normally the male red - spotted purple that mates with the female viceroy

at one time viceroy butterflies were considered batesian mimics , appearing like a poisonous foul - tasting ( to some predators ) monarch butterfly . in recent years , it has been discovered that viceroy butterflies are also poisonous . now they are considered mullerian mimics . mullerian mimics are two or more species that resemble each other and both are poisonous .

guilford t ( 1991 ) is the viceroy a batesian mimic ? ( scientific correspondence ) . nature 351 : 611

ritland db , brower lp ( 1991b ) mimicry and viceroy butterflies ( scientific correspondence ) . nature 353 : 24

rothschild m ( 1991 ) is the viceroy a batesian mimic ? ( scientific correspondence ) . nature 351 : 611–612

most people recognize the striking bright orange - and - black contrasts of a monarch butterfly . these beautiful butterflies are a common sight in many areas as they flit from flower to flower during the summer . viceroy butterflies also have bright orange and black colors and look almost identical to the monarch butterfly . the viceroy butterfly benefits from looking like a monarch butterfly , because many predators avoid eating monarchs because of the milkweed that they eat . because viceroys are mistaken for monarchs , they can escape the appetites of these predators as well . there are subtle differences between monarchs and viceroys ; however , and an eye to the minute detail will enable anyone to tell the difference between the two butterflies .

the long - held notion that the tasty viceroy butterfly escapes being eaten by birds by mimicking the coloration of foul - tasting monarch and queen butterflies has been overturned by two florida biologists who tested the century - old belief experimentally .

mitikka v , hanski i . pgi genotype influences flight metabolism at the expanding range margin of the european map butterfly .

heliconius genome consortium . butterfly genome reveals promiscuous exchange of mimicry adaptations among species . nature 487 , 94–98 ( 2012 )

answer choice ( b ) : this answer choice deals with the level of protection toxicity provides to each individual butterfly . since it clearly does not deal with the question of why the viceroy is avoided , this answer choice is incorrect .

the butterfly’s wing patterns and colors act to warn birds away . this strategy is known as aposematic coloration , and it’s so effective that species with non - toxic wings—notably viceroy butterflies—imitate the monarch’s coloration to ward off avian predators . this imitation , in turn , is so effective that it landed a picture of a viceroy butterfly , instead of the intended monarch , on the 50 - peso banknote issued by the mexican government in 2004 . the banknote was replaced in 2012 .

viceroy butterflies look like monarchs to the untrained observer . how can you be sure which species you ' re seeing ?

you will not see an adult viceroy where you live until about 15 days after willow or poplar leaves have emerged .

. the monarch butterfly shown on the left and the viceroy butterfly shown on the right will make animals sick or taste very bad if they are eaten . when two unpalatable species resemble each other , they reinforce avoidance by predators by increasing the frequency of unfavorable encounters . the predators learn faster , and fewer butterflies of both species are eaten during the learning process .

the viceroy butterfly , scientifically known as the limenitis archippus , is a species from the largest family of butterflies , known as nymphalidae . this family consists of over 6000 species of butterflies , scattered all across the world . the viceroy butterfly got its name due to its appearance , which is very similar to a larger species known as the monarch butterfly . it was long believed that the limenitis archippus was mimicking the more powerful monarch , and thus the name , “viceroy” . the black stripes on the bright orange viceroy butterflies’ wings are actually veins , connecting with each other at the bottom of the hindwing . their appearance and size are very similar to monarch butterflies , but the latter lacks a black horizontal marking on its second pair of wings . viceroy butterflies are a little smaller than monarch butterflies . it can grow up to a wingspan of 6 to 8 centimeters in its lifetime and weight up to 0 . 65 grams . there is little to no visible differences between the male and female viceroy butterflies . however , when seen together the larger size of the female can be noticed easily .

you can see photos of the entire process of a monarch butterfly emerging from its chrysalis at photo story provided by linda .

the butterfly waits until its wings stiffen and dry before it flies away to start the cycle of life all over again .

see the article " the genetics of monarch butterfly migration and warning coloration " in nature , volume 514 on page 317 .

the viceroy butterfly possesses orange wings ( two fore and hind wings ) with black veins and white spots edging the wings . in each segment of both wings , there are also white specks in the outer black border . they mimic the monarch butterfly , however , they can be distinguished by a black stripe that runs horizontally in their hind wings . the undersides of the viceroy’s wings are fairly comparable to the uppermost side while the monarch’s underside is much paler . the viceroy has a plenty of wing power , having a wingspan ranging from 2 . 75 to 3 inches ( 7 to 7 . 5 cm ) . [ 7 ]

but the actual palatability ( or the lack thereof ) of the viceroy had never really been tested directly , until ritland and brower’s study . they decided to compare the palatability of the viceroy and monarch by feeding birds only the insects’ wingless abdomens , which prevented the birds from determining palatability based on the butterflies’ coloration . the researchers found that neither butterfly appealed to the avian palate .

most predators have learned that the monarch butterfly makes a poisonous snack . the toxins from the monarch ' s milkweed diet have given the butterfly this defense . in either the caterpillar or butterfly stage the monarch needs no camouflage because it takes in toxins from the milkweed and is poisonous to predators . many animals advertise their poisonous nature with bright colors . . . just like the monarch !

zhan s , merlin c , boore jl , reppert sm . the monarch butterfly genome yields insights into long - distance migration .

viceroy butterflies live in a habitat filled with predators ; birds , frogs , spiders and small snakes can easily prey on a viceroy butterfly in the shrubs . however , the viceroy is not completely defenceless . the cottonwood and willow diet of the caterpillars make the adult unpalatable for most of its predators . it also uses its bright orange color to warn the predators about its upsetting feature . they are spread across the north american continent by adapting according to the local conditions and thus on a longer term forming subspecies .

host plants for viceroy butterflies include : willow , poplars , and cottonwoods . we raise them on carolina willow and black willow .

the name “viceroy” was given to it due to its mimetic relationship with three other species named as monarch , queen and soldier .

limenitis archippus viceroy opler , paul a . and krizek , george o . butterflies , he john hopkins university press , 1984 .

experimental studies of mimicry in some north american butterflies . 1 . the monarch , danaus plexippus , and viceroy , limenitis archippus archippus

the family butterfly book is easy to read with alot of practical advice for raising butterflies while the butterflies of the east coast book is a bit more scientific but is a great reference book for east coast butterflies as well as having alot of general butterfly information .

riley tj ( 1993 ) spring migration and oviposition of the monarch butterfly in louisiana . in : malcolm sb , zalucki mp ( eds ) biology and conservation of the monarch butterfly ( contributions in science ) . natural history museum of los angeles county , pp 269–273

in areas of the viceroy ' s range where monarchs are common , the viceroy tends to mimic the pattern of the monarch ( danaaus plexippus ) with black striping and orange areas similar to a monarch . the viceroy can be distinguished from the monarch , however , by one row of white spots within the black fore and hind wing bands . in areas inhabited by the queen ( danaus glippus ) , the white spotting of the viceroy becomes less noticeable , and the orange coloration is replaced by a deep mahogany brown .

see commentary " exploring the molecular basis of monarch butterfly color pattern variation " in pigment cell melanoma res , volume 28 on page 127 .

so , we may say that by mimicking a distasteful butterfly , few viceroy butterflies in the population initially achieved anti - predator adaptation probably millions of years ago . predators avoid monarch , and they mistakenly avoid viceroys for being similar in appearance . so mimics survived and flourished continuously .

the monarch butterfly is sometimes called the " milkweed butterfly " because its larvae eat the plant . in fact , milkweed is the only thing the larvae can eat ! if you ' d like to attract monarchs to your garden , you can try planting milkweed ( if you live in the right area ) . you can purchase milkweed seed online from butterfly encounters ( close window when done purchasing to return to this screen )

malcolm sb , cockrell bj , brower lp ( 1987 ) monarch butterfly voltinism : effects of temperature constraints at different latitudes . oikos 49 : 77–82

limenitis archippus is commonly known as " viceroy " because it is similar but smaller than a monarch butterfly . however , it is only distantly related to monarchs and other milkweed butterflies of the subfamily danainae . the mimetic relationship between north american milkweed butterflies and the viceroy was shown to be müllerian , meaning that both species are unpalatable and hence contribute to each others ' protection from birds ( ritland 1991 , ritland & brower 1991 ) .

pattern , except for a black horizontal stripe that crosses the bottom of its back wings . the viceroy caterpillar is white and olive - brown .

the rate of viceroy development will depend on spring temperatures . temperatures control how early leaf - out occurs , how quickly the leaves grow , how quickly the caterpillars grow , the chysalis develops and the adult butterfly emerges . development proceeds more slowly in cooler temperatures and more quickly in warmer temperatures .

koch pb , lorenz u , brakefield pm , ffrench - constant rh . butterfly wing pattern mutants : developmental heterochrony and co - ordinately regulated phenotypes .

answer choice ( e ) : this has nothing to do with the question of why predators avoid the viceroy , so this answer choice is incorrect .

ritland , david b . and brower , linccoln p . " the viceroy is not a batesian mimic " . nature . vol . 350 , 1991 .

niitepold k , mattila alk , harrison pj , hanski i . flight metabolic rate has contrasting effects on dispersal in the two sexes of the glanville fritillary butterfly .

in all life stages the viceroy mimics something . the eggs resemble insect galls that affect the host plants . the caterpillars resemble bird droppings . they roll bits of leaf material to hang near them as a distraction . older caterpillars look formidable with its tubercles . even the overwintering caterpillar rolls up in a leaf tip to hide from predators . because the adults resemble monarch butterflies , they are often bypassed for other prey . the viceroy was voted the kentucky state butterfly in 1990 .

flight viceroy flight is faster and more erratic . monarch flight is float - like in comparison , with its characteristic " flap , flap , glide " pattern .

the monarch and viceroy butterflies were believed to be exhibiting batesian mimicry for a very long time ; the monarch was thought to be the harmful one . however , studies have shown that the viceroy is actually just as unpalatable as the monarch , sometimes even more . thus , it is now proven that they exhibit müllerian mimicry .

the wing span of the adult ranges from 2 1 / 2 to 3 3 / 8 inches ( 6 . 3 to 8 . 6 cm ) . the viceroy is a very distinct butterfly for its genus , but can be confused with monarchs , queens , and soldiers , which it mimics in different parts of its range .

malcolm sb , cockrell bj , brower lp ( 1993 ) spring recolonization of eastern north america by the monarch butterfly : successive brood or single sweep migration ? in : malcolm sb , zalucki mp ( eds ) biology and conservation of the monarch butterfly , ( contributions in science ) . natural history museum of los angeles county , pp 253–267

viceroy butterflies ( limenitis archippus ) are found in all of the mainland united states and in canada . they are normally found in moist areas , where willow grows .

. the viceroy appears to be the most ancestral of the north american species contrary to previous speculation . most interestingly , the non - mimetic white - banded admiral (

limenitis a . lahontani : these are paler in color and are found mainly in utah and northeastern nevada . hence , they are also widely known as the nevada viceroy .

limenitis archippus watsoni : this subspecies is also known as watson’s gulf coast viceroy . their only visible physical difference is that their forewings are slightly darker than the hind wings .

the pupa resembles a waxy , jade vase and becomes increasingly transparent as the process progresses . the caterpillar completes the miraculous transformation into a beautiful adult butterfly in about two weeks .

vane - wright ri . the columbus hypothesis : an explanation for the dramatic 19th century range expansion of the monarch butterfly . in : malcolm sb , zalucki mp , editors .

viceroy butterflies are solitary diurnal creatures that are active only in the late mornings and afternoons . they use a typical perch and patrol behavior , in order to find food and females in its territory . during the day time a male can be seen flying for up to 20 metres and then resting on low vegetation or on the ground . this viceroy butterfly behavior allows them to hold a larger territory despite their small size . in mating season , a male can mate multiple times in an effort to ensure the survival of his genes .

perhaps no species of butterfly has developed a more complete system of mimetic survival than has the viceroy . as an egg , it resembles a tiny plant gall ; as both larva and pupa it bears a striking resemblance to a bird dropping ; as an adult it is shunned as food by birds because of its similarity to the monarch ( see notes ) .

ritland and brower’s research , which was published in 1991 in the journal nature , suggested that the viceroy , like the monarch , was unappetizing to its predators and that its bright coloration warned its predators of this . moreover , the study indicated that the mimetic relationship between the viceroy and the monarch was extraordinarily complex , far more so than was widely believed .

; nymphalidae ) represent a well - known monophyletic assemblage consisting of four species and numerous sub - species . this clade has been of general biological interest for more than 100 years , primarily within the context of the evolution of mimicry . three species are involved in a mimetic relationship with three different models belonging to three different butterfly sub - families . the viceroy (

several synonyms have been described , among which are disippe , pseudodorippus , rubidus , and others . see the viceroy pages on the butterflies of america web site for a complete listing .

the viceroy , long considered a palatable mimic of the unpalatable milkweed butterflies , the monarch and the queen , has recently been shown to be unpalatable itself ( ritland and brower , 1991 ) . in fact , experiments have shown the viceroy to be as unpalatable as the monarch and significantly less palatable than the queen . this implies that the viceroy is not a batesian mimic ( unpalatable model , palatable mimic ) , but rather a mullerian co mimic ( multiple unpalatable co models ) of the monarch and queen . some viceroys synthesize their own toxins .

as with many causal weaken questions , here we should probably seek a different explanation—most likely an alternative cause for avoidance of the viceroy ( other than its resemblance to the monarch ) .

god created the viceroy butterfly on the sixth day ( however , it could be on fifth day , depending on whether you consider it as a flying creature or a land creature ) , on the same day as the humans were created , according to genesis 1 : 31 . god saw all that he had made , and it was very good . [ 6 ]

hong jw , platt ap . 1975 . critical photoperiod and daylength threshold differences between northern and southern populations of the butterfly limenitis archippus . journal of insect physiology 21 : 1159 - 1165 .

vane - wright ri . biology and conservation of the monarch butterfly . in : malcolm sb , zalucki mp , editors . natural history museum of la ; 1993 . pp . 179–187 .

figure 11 . prepupa of the viceroy , limenitis archippus floridensis strecker . ( natural area training laboratory , university of florida . ) photograph by andrei sourakov , florida museum of natural history .

figure 12 . pupa of the viceroy , limenitis archippus floridensis strecker . ( natural area training laboratory , university of florida . ) photograph by andrei sourakov , florida museum of natural history .

the viceroy is a strong flier ; it has a wingspan of 2 . 75 to 3 inches ( 7 to 7 . 5 cm ) . it has a black , fuzzy body .

dinwiddie a , null r , pizzano m , chuong l , leigh krup a , ee tan h , patel nh . dynamics of f - actin prefigure the structure of butterfly wing scales .

but bates never studied the classical example of batesian mimicry that is used in virtually every introductory biology text , the viceroy and monarch butterflies . in fact , until recently , no one did .

fossil records of insects like butterflies and moths have allowed us to largely understand the formation of the earth and its other beings . it is speculated that the first insects may have appeared on the phase of earth approximately 350 million years ago . the earliest known fossil of the butterfly was found in north america and was estimated to be approximately 40 - 50 million years old . the well - preserved fossil provided valuable information on the development of butterflies . the butterfly was named prodryas persephone and was classified under the large family nymphalidae which also consists the modern butterflies like the viceroy and monarch .

butterfly larvae have evolved enzymes which break down these toxins , allowing them to specialize on this genus . this has created further selection pressure on the host plants , which have evolved stipules that mimic mature

chemical warfare a matter of life and death for antarctic animals : ecology : defenseless sea butterfly , sponges and snails contain chemicals making them unpalatable to hungry predators . researchers tell hopes for new medicines .

the viceroy and monarch were once thought to exhibit batesian mimicry where a harmless species mimics a toxic species . studies conducted in the early 1990 ' s suggest that the viceroy and the monarch are actually examples of mullerian mimicry where two equally toxic species mimic each other to the benefit of each . just goes to show you there ' s always something new to discover in the natural world !

understanding the dynamics of defensive mimicry requires accurately characterizing the comparative palatability of putative models and mimics . the florida viceroy butterfly ( limenitis archippus floridensis ) is traditionally considered a palatable batesian mimic of the purportedly distasteful florida queen ( danaus gilippus berenice ) . i re - evaluated this established hypothesis by directly assessing palatability of viceroys and queens to red - winged blackbirds in a laboratory experiment . representative florida viceroys were surprisingly unpalatable to red - wings ; only 40 % of viceroy abdomens were entirely eaten ( compared to 98 % of control butterfly abdomens ) , and nearly one - third were immediately tasterejected after a single peck . in fact , the viceroys were significantly more unpalatable than representative florida queens , of which 65 % were eaten and 14 % taste - rejected . thus , viceroys and queens from the sampled populations exemplify müllerian rather than batesian mimicry , and the viceroy appears to be the stronger model . these findings prompt a reassessment of the ecological and evolutionary dynamics of this classic mimicry relationship .

the viceroy mates in the afternoon . the female lays her eggs on the tips of the leaves of poplars and willows . there are usually two or three generations of viceroys born each breeding season .

opler , pa , lotts k , naberhaus t . ( 2009 ) . viceroy , limenitis archippus ( cramer , 1776 ) . butterflies and moths of north america . ( 15 august 2015 ) .

another fundamental difference between viceroys and monarchs is that monarch butterflies migrate each autumn . viceroy butterflies do not migrate . they spend winter months keeping warm in a rolled - up poplar or willow leaf .

considered a monarch look - alike , in the north viceroy butterflies are more orange , similar to monarch butterflies . in the south , they are more rusty in color , similar to queen butterflies .

essentially , we are not told that predators do not prey on monarchs as a result of the monarch ' s toxicity , so i did not realize quickly enough that i was to choose an answer that took this connection for granted , while also addressing a flaw in the argument ( that the visual similarity between the two butterflies benefited the viceroy by causing predators to stay away from the viceroy ) .

figure 4 . a 1st instar larva of the viceroy , limenitis archippus floridensis strecker . ( natural area training laboratory , university of florida . ) photograph by andrei sourakov , florida museum of natural history .

ritland db . 1991 . revising a classic butterfly mimicry scenario : demonstration of mullerian mimicry between florida viceroys ( limenitis archippus floridensis ) and queens ( danaus gilippus berenice ) . evolution 45 : 918 - 934 .

many native trees and other plants found in and around our yards are host plants for caterpillars . there are a variety of plants that can be included in a butterfly garden that are excellent host plants . the

bates ' idea that a tasty butterfly could escape predation by mimicking the coloring of a distasteful species was based on a study of amazonian butterflies . because of his work , the concept was termed batesian mimicry .

figure 5 . a perching 2nd instar larva of the viceroy , limenitis archippus floridensis strecker . ( natural area training laboratory , university of florida . ) photograph by andrei sourakov , florida museum of natural history .

due to the fact that viceroy populations were maintained in captivity , significant contributions to understanding photoperiodism and its role in triggering diapause in butterflies was achieved ( clark and platt 1969 , hong and platt 1975 ) .

figure 10 . head of the 4th instar larva of the viceroy , limenitis archippus floridensis strecker . ( natural area training laboratory , university of florida . ) photograph by andrei sourakov , florida museum of natural history .

a vivid example of batesian mimicry is depicted by viceroy and monarch butterflies . monarch butterflies are unpalatable due to milkweed they consume as larvae , which results in low levels of predation in their natural environment . viceroy butterflies have wings emblazoned with similar color schemes , ostensibly reducing the predation rate . wing shape plays an important role in mimicry too ( for more information , see paper from 2013 by jones and colleagues listed below ) .

evolutionarily , it would make sense for the monarch and queen to " evolve new color patterns to escape from the viceroy , " ritland said . but scientists have been unable to document such escapes , he noted .

zhan s , zhang w , niitepold k , hsu j , haeger jf , zalucki mp , altizer s , de roode jc , reppert sm , kronforst mr . the genetics of monarch butterfly migration and warning colouration .

figure 1 . dorsal view of the wings of an adult male viceroy , limenitis archippus floridensis strecker . ( natural area training laboratory , university of florida . ) photograph by andrei sourakov , florida museum of natural history .

figure 3 . ventral view of the wings of an adult male viceroy , limenitis archippus floridensis strecker . ( natural area training laboratory , university of florida . ) photograph by andrei sourakov , florida museum of natural history .

figure 6 . a 3rd instar larva of the viceroy , limenitis archippus floridensis strecker , after hibernation . ( natural area training laboratory , university of florida . ) photograph by andrei sourakov , florida museum of natural history .

answer choice ( a ) : the fact that the monarch may have some natural predators does not weaken the author ' s argument about the viceroy and why so many avoid it , so this answer choice is incorrect .

state insects are selected by 45 states of the 50 united states . some states have more than one designated insect , or have multiple categories ( e . g . , state insect and state butterfly , etc . ) .

the viceroy is found from canada to mexico . it inhabits riverbeds , wet meadows , marshes , and other wetlands where willow , poplar and aspen trees occur . this species is in danger of extinction due to loss of habitat .

viceroy butterflies are deaf like most insects , but they do a have a unique set of sensory organs enabling it to understand its surroundings well . like most butterflies , the viceroy has compound eyes consisting of numerous lenses . this allows the butterfly to see multiple directions at the same time . their eyes are particularly sensitive to color , movement and light . they can also detect ultraviolet light radiated from different flowers and vegetation . their incredible eyes are assisted by sensitive feet , antennae and a proboscis . their feet and antennae have unique sensory organs that can detect smell . when it sits on a flower , its sensory system allows it to figure out whether the flower has nectar to feed on .

attracting butterflies involves incorporating plants that serve the needs of all life stages of the butterfly . the insects need places to lay eggs , food plants for their larvae ( caterpillars ) , places to form chrysalides and nectar sources for adults .

in any case , monarchs are still in decline . perhaps next time big bird marches into congress to fight to retain funding for pbs , he should take a monarch butterfly with him to plug for the epa and nsf , too .

what might we say to decrease the probability that " the viceroy is so seldom preyed on because of its visual resemblance to the monarch " is correct ? truth is , i have no idea . there could be tons of statements made that would harm that belief . more specifically , there are two ways you could hurt the idea of similar appearance = seldom preyed on . first , you could just give another reason besides appearance ( an alternate cause ) , which is pretty common and generally pretty easy to recognize . maybe " the viceroy blends in well with its surroundings , " or " the viceroy is most active when its main predators are asleep , " or " the viceroy can spit a deadly toxin at attackers and predators have learned to avoid it . . . " and on and on the list goes . secondly , you could actually show that the facts of the conclusion would lead to the opposite relationship of the one concluded . so something like " birds find the monarch delicious and actively seek it out as a food source . " that means that a similar appearance should make the viceroy more likely to be attacked , not less .

a unique part of the evolution of the viceroy is its mimetic behavior . the species tends to have a great ability to appear other organisms in its habitat . mimetic behavior in the wild is triggered usually by predation and availability of toxic unpalatable organisms . it is speculated that the viceroy must have evolved this ability at times when there were numerous unpalatable beings in its surroundings . over the years of its evolution , it gradually gained very close resemblance to the model species .

because tiny caterpillars cannot travel far to find their own food , the female butterfly locates and lays her eggs on only the type of plant that the caterpillar can use as food . most species of caterpillars are particular about the type of plants they can eat . if the egg was not placed on the correct plant , the caterpillar hatching from that egg will not survive . many gardeners do not like to see plants in their gardens that have been chewed on by bugs . to avoid this , you may want to locate your butterfly host plants in areas that are not highly visible , but still a short distance from the butterfly nectar plants . if you do not provide host plants , you will have fewer butterflies .


xenotilapia nasus is a species of cichlid endemic to lake tanganyika .

this species can reach a length of 9.3 centimetres ( 3.7 in ) tl .

xenotilapia nasus

xenotilapia nasus <EOT> tribe ectodini - xenotilapia sp . " fluorescent green " ( xenotilapia nasus ) - cichlid room companion

andersen , thomas . ( november 02 , 2005 ) . " xenotilapia sp . " fluorescent green " ( xenotilapia nasus ) " . cichlid room companion . retrieved on july 09 , 2018 , from : urltoken

andersen , thomas . 2012 . " notes on the identity of xenotilapia nasus " . cichlid news magazine . v . 21 ( n . 3 ) , pp . 31 - 35 ( crc04497 )

xenotilapia sp . ' fluorescent green ' was previously thought to be a potentially undescribed species from the southern part of lake tanganyika , but is now considered to represent x . nasus . a female from chituta bay [ zambia ] in the aquarium is here shown photo by thomas andersen . determiner thomas andersen .

de vos , l . , l . risch and d . f . e . thys van den audenaerde , 1995 . xenotilapia nasus , nouvelle espece de poisson des zones sous - littorale et benthique du nord du lac tanganyika ( perciformes : cichlidae ) . ichthyol . explor . freshwat . 6 ( 4 ) : 377 - 384 . ( ref . 27630 )

andersen , thomas . 2005 . " a little gem from the depths of lake tanganyika : xenotilapia sp . ' fluorescent green ' " . cichlid news magazine . v . 14 ; n . 4 ; pp . 19 - 25 ( crc01122 )

xenotilapia sp . ' fluorescent green ' was first discovered in 1993 by the well - known german aquarist and ichthyologist heinz büscher , while diving at the locality known as tembwe ii on the congolese coast . it has since then been found in zambia on several localities , the most well - known being chituta bay , where it lives sympatrically with x . nigrolabiata ( andersen 2005 ) .

the closest relative of x . sp . ' fluorescent green ' is properly x . nasus , that has been found in the extreme north of lake tanganyika and with which x . sp . ' fluorescent green ' shares some characteristics with , among other things a protruding snout and the numbers of hard and soft spines in the anal and caudal fins . some things differ though , as it seems that x . sp . ' fluorescent green ' has a larger head and eyes ( andersen 2005 ) .

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thank you for taking the time to provide feedback on the iucn red list of threatened species website , we are grateful for your input .

gland , switzerland , 5 july 2018 ( iucn ) – australia’s unique reptiles – including lizards and snakes – face severe threats from invasive species and climate change , with 7 % of th . . .

the value of medicinal and aromatic plant trade has increased three - fold in the past 20 years , but traditional harvesting practices are being replaced by less sustainable alternatives . . . .

a recently released iucn technical brief recommends increasing investments in sustainable land management practices , as well as better cooperation between agriculturalists and conservationists to conse . . .

snoeks , j . ( freshwater fish red list authority ) & darwall , w . ( freshwater biodiversity assessment programme )

justification : more information on the species distribution and potential threats are required . this species is newly discovered so field survey has been minimal to date .

endemic to lake tanganyika where it is known from the northern part of the lake in burundi and congo .

to make use of this information , please check the < terms of use > .

greek , xenos = strange + bechuana , african native thiape = fish ( ref . 45335 )

africa : endemic to lake tanganyika , found in the northern part of the lake , in burundi and in the democratic republic of the congo ( ref . 27630 , 46829 ) .

maturity : l m ? range ? - ? cm max length : 9 . 3 cm tl male / unsexed ; ( ref . 27630 )

occurs on mixed sand and rock bottoms ; depth range 30 - 68 m ( ref . 27630 ) . stomach contents inventories suggest that it feeds on detritus as well as on plankton ( ref . 46829 ) .

phylogenetic diversity index ( ref . 82805 ) : pd 50 = 0 . 5000 [ uniqueness , from 0 . 5 = low to 2 . 0 = high ] .

bayesian length - weight : a = 0 . 00389 ( 0 . 00180 - 0 . 00842 ) , b = 3 . 12 ( 2 . 94 - 3 . 30 ) , in cm total length , based on all lwr estimates for this body shape ( ref . 93245 ) .

trophic level ( ref . 69278 ) : 3 . 1 ±0 . 4 se ; based on size and trophs of closest relatives

resilience ( ref . 69278 ) : high , minimum population doubling time less than 15 months ( preliminary k or fecundity . ) .

vulnerability ( ref . 59153 ) : low vulnerability ( 11 of 100 ) .

cichlidés des profondeurs , incubateur buccal bi - parental , la ponte n ' est pas toujours bien réglée .

pam chin has been replying to cichlid questions for over twenty years . highly respected and experienced aquarist , pam has visited cichlid habitats around the world , and bred in her ' s and her husband gary fish house hundreds of cichlid species . besides her job , she still devotes time to help any person with a cichlid question !

articles for sale beautifully formatted and wonderfully illustrated pdf articles about all matters relative to cichlids .

books for sale cichlid books and dvds for sale at the cichlid room companion .

e - books for sale pdf copies of popular cichlid books offered for sale at the best price .

trade section the master list of cichlid offers ordered by area and species name .

van ammelrooy , evert . 2008 . " trip to the kigoma in tanzania in january 2008 " . tanganika magazyn . v . 3 , pp . 11 - 16 ( crc04287 )

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disclaimer : itis taxonomy is based on the latest scientific consensus available , and is provided as a general reference source for interested parties . however , it is not a legal authority for statutory or regulatory purposes . while every effort has been made to provide the most reliable and up - to - date information available , ultimate legal requirements with respect to species are contained in provisions of treaties to which the united states is a party , wildlife statutes , regulations , and any applicable notices that have been published in the federal register . for further information on u . s . legal requirements with respect to protected taxa , please contact the u . s . fish and wildlife service .

freshwater ; demersal ; depth range 30 - 68 m ( ref . 27630 ) . tropical , preferred ?

we parsed the following live from the web into this page . such content is managed by its original site and not cached on discover life . please send feedback and corrections directly to the source . see original regarding copyrights and terms of use .

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palace malice ( foaled may 2 , 2010 ) is an american thoroughbred racehorse best known for winning the 2013 belmont stakes .

after winning one minor race as a two-year-old he made steady improvement in the early part of 2013 , being placed in the risen star stakes and blue grass stakes and running prominently in the kentucky derby before winning the belmont stakes , and the 2014 metropolitan handicap .

he went on to win the jim dandy stakes and finish second against older horses in the jockey club gold cup .

as a four-year-old in 2014 he won his first four races including the gulfstream park handicap , new orleans handicap and metropolitan handicap .

after two races in 2015 , he was retired as a five-year-old and sent to stand at stud at three chimneys farm .

palace malice

palace malice <EOT> palace malice ( curlin–palace rumor , by royal anthem ) , who carried the silks of cot campbell and . . .

palace malice fans everywhere felt a sudden burst of adrenaline when today’s press release from dogwood hit the presses . the announcement of the sale of 50 percent of palace malice to

; orb , 15 ; palace malice , 1 ; goldencents , 1 ; verrazano , 1 .

palace malice upsets the preakness and derby winners and takes the last leg of the 2013 triple crown .

the complete story of palace rumor and background of the palace malice purchase can be found here . it is a case of fact being stranger than fiction . urltoken

" it is with great disappointment that we announce the retirement of palace malice , " said dogwood . . .

leading saratoga trainer todd pletcher , who conditions verrazano and palace malice , had no excuses for the favorite . but he did mention a slow break as the excuse for dogwood ' s palace malice under hall of fame jockey mike smith .

at the end of the day , the biggest strength from palace malice ' s pedigree unsurprisingly comes from the sire .

palace malice overtakes oxbow to capture belmont stakes palace malice outdueled preakness winner oxbow down the stretch and went on to win the 145th running of the belmont stakes in an upset on saturday at belmont park . check out this story on urltoken urltoken

oxbow took the lead with a half - mile to go . but smith had palace malice moving with him , the two in tandem around the far turn . palace malice took command rounding for home , but oxbow did not capitulate easily .

same can be said for palace malice …the belmont was his first win all year long and just the second in his career .

palace malice justified the high opinion pletcher has had of the colt since last summer , when he considered the son of curlin perhaps his best 2 - year - old . yet coming into the belmont , palace malice had only a maiden victory on his record .

palace malice comes from curlin ' s first crop , which only solidifies this pedigree as a top - notch one in the sport .

palace malice and archwarrior , who both broke their maidens at saratoga , are both scheduled for breezes next week at palm meadows . palace malice , who came up with sore shins after impressively winning on august 4 , is being pointed to an allowance race in february .

palace malice was a popular sleeper pick to perform well at the derby , but a 12th - place finish didn’t meet those expectations .

palace malice proved best when drawing well clear of 11 - 10 favorite normandy invasion down the long fair grounds race course stretch . . .

palace malice has turf routing attributes in his female family and springs from the same line as the most famous belmont stakes winner in history .

as ' malice at the palace ' brawl turns 10 , impact lasts wednesday , nov . 19 , is the 10 - year anniversary of the malice at the palace when players and fans fought during an indiana pacers - detroit pistons game . check out this story on urltoken urltoken

for now , palace malice , trained by todd pletcher , will battle with his old rival in the 1 , 800 - metre event .

in the louisiana derby , palace malice had nowhere to run , getting clear in midstretch when it was way too late and coming in seventh .

it ' s no surprise that palace malice comes from sire curlin , one of the most famous colts of the new age of horse racing .

palace malice’s running style may make that task extremely difficult on the long track as well . a horse that loves to race just off the pace in a stalking position , palace malice’s endurance will be tested , especially down the stretch when he may potentially have to overcome tremendous sprinters in orb and oxbow .

starting the race on the 12th post , palace malice faced the tricky proposition of trying to find inside position . smith , a hall of fame jockey , inched his horse ever so slowly on the inside early in the race , guiding palace malice with the level of comfort you only see from the best .

if any horse is going to derail palace malice , will take charge is the right horse to do so . photo : will take charge , trixie hammer

palace malice ’s season hit the top level when he came with a late run to steal the grade 1 metropolitan handicap at belmont in june under velazquez .

palace malice is a three - year - old colt by two - time horse of the year curlin out of a royal anthem mare ( palace rumor ) , trained by todd pletcher and ridden by hall of fame jockey mike smith .

palace malice outdueled preakness winner oxbow down the stretch and went on to win the 145th running of the belmont stakes in an upset on saturday at belmont park .

palace malice broke his maiden at belmont park on august 4 , 2012 , the first of curlin ' s offspring in the united states to win a race .

oxbow ( left ) , palace malice ( right ) , and orb all have a shot at this year ' s 3 - year - old eclipse award .

palace malice revenged his sire curlin ' s heartbreaking belmont stakes loss with a decisive , gritty victory over the preakness and kentucky derby heroes . the unheralded palace malice had a simple maiden victory entering the test of champions , although he did fight to a neck defeat in the blue grass stakes and place in three other contests .

winner of the grade 1 metropolitan mile , and three other graded stakes in 2014 , classic winner palace malice is ready to go back in training immediately . . .

palace malice wins the 145th belmont stakes followed by oxbow , winner of the preakness , and orb , winner of the kentucky derby . photograph : al bello / getty images

wednesday , nov . 19 , is the 10 - year anniversary of the malice at the palace when players and fans fought during an indiana pacers - detroit pistons game .

as palace malice was passing oxbow , smith said he heard stevens yell over to him , “go on with it , big boy . you’re going better than me . ”

here is the replay again , watch the last 300 yards or so very carefully . there is not one horse running a step including the winner palace malice . in fact , with about 100 or so yards to go palace malice , to me , looks completely spent , yet no - one could catch him and he wins by open lengths ?

this week ' s spotlight stallion is palace malice , a 6 - year - old son of curlin that will be standing his first season in 2016 at three chimneys farm .

palace malice got his three year old season rolling with a runner - up finish in a gulfstream park allowance sprint . in his two - turn debut in the risen star , palace malice gave a good account of himself . flying wide the whole way , the todd pletcher trainee unleashed his run from eighth place and was up for third money in a blanket finish , beating future preakness winner oxbow by a slender nose . after a jockey change , palace malice had a tough trip in the louisiana derby and finished seventh . he redeemed himself in his first try over the polytrack . looking like a winner in the blue grass stakes , palace malice was headed at the wire by java ' s war .

while orb would ultimately come charging forth , it was too late . this was palace malice ' s day . everyone else—even triple crown race winners—were merely hoping for second place .

palace malice faces a stiff test of his breeders’ cup classic credentials when he tackles will take charge and eight other rivals in the grade 1 whitney handicap at saratoga on saturday .

palace malice won the race with relative comfort , extending his lead to 3 . 25 lengths by the time he crossed the finish line . palace malice finished the race in 2 : 30 . 70 , according to the associated press . that mark is less than a second better than ruler on ice ' s time from a year ago , indicating a relatively slow field thanks to the extremely fast track in elmont , n . y . , on saturday . palace malice recouped a purse of $ 600 , 000 for the victory .

bred in kentucky by w . s . farish out of the royal anthem mare palace rumor , palace malice is undefeated in four starts in 2014 , all of them graded stakes . he earned an automatic berth to the nov . 1 breeders ' cup dirt mile at

palace malice is a dark bay horse with a small star and is 16 hands tall . he was bred in kentucky by w . s . farish . he is from the first crop of foals sired by the 2007 preakness stakes and breeders ' cup classic winner curlin . his dam , palace rumour , won the 2006 audubon oaks and is a half - sister to maya ' s storm and jumpifyoudare . palace malice is her only stakes winner .

a colt from the first crop of classic winner palace malice brought a winning bid of $ 185 , 000 during wednesday ' s session of the 2017 keeneland november sale . . .

palace malice proved his class in the $ 1 . 25 million metropolitan handicap ( gr . i ) at belmont park , winning the second grade i of his career . . .

the horse ' s background boasts enough royalty to show that the belmont stakes victory was no fluke and that palace malice is worthy of being in orb and oxbow ' s company .

2 . palace malice - - i typically value grade 1 wins over anything , but classic wins along with select breeders ' cup races are essentially super grade 1s in an era of too graded races to begin with . that ' s a long - winded way of saying palace malice ' s belmont stakes win means more to me than verrazano ' s wood and haskell combined . palace malice also finished second in the blue grass on polytrack and looked good in the jim dandy . a travers win unquestionably moves him to the head of the class .

palace malice ' s first crop of foals have arrived this spring , with accolades for the offspring of the belmont s . ( g1 ) and metropolitan mile ( g1 ) winner . . .

the rich eisen show hosted former indiana pacers starter stephen jackson . he shared his inside thoughts about one of the most infamous sports moments in us history – the “malice at the palace . ”

much like orb a few weeks ago , very few came in expecting a result of significance from palace malice . the three - year - old colt failed to enter the preakness stakes after a frustrating 12th - place run at the kentucky derby . of the five horses pletcher entered into the field , palace malice was one of the least talked - about—a forgotten member of the fearsome fivesome .

@ dbethbiles : cot campbell said palace malice will miss metropolitan because his " preparation has not been all we wanted . " here is a nice memory of pal and i in aiken over winter .

will take charge has won once this year , at grade 2 level , but finished ahead of palace malice when touched off by the subsequently retired mucho macho man in the classic in santa anita .

palace malice jockey mike smith described the cinematic scene as he caught up to oxbow at the belmont stakes and shared the encouraging words he got from preakness - winning jockey gary stevens in the final stretch .

dogwood stables ' belmont stakes ( gr . i ) winner palace malice proved his class july 27 at saratoga race course , powering to victory in the $ 600 , 000 jim dandy s . . .

palace malice is trained by todd pletcher , who had five different horses in the field . this marks his second belmont win in the past six years , the other being rags to riches in 2007 .

after sprinting twice over the dirt , palace malice ' s dam palace rumor found a home on the lawn , not surprising , as a daughter of royal anthem out of a mare by red ransom . she was a solid turf allowance class runner who won a listed stakes at 1 1 / 16 miles . overall palace rumor collected a 16 - 5 - 1 - 1 ( $ 111 , 833 ) race record . palace malice is his dam ' s second foal to race and the first to earn blacktype . he has a two year old half sister by city zip and a yearling half sibling by mineshaft .

palace malice returned $ 4 . 70 , $ 3 . 70 , and $ 2 . 90 while goldencents paid $ 5 . 80 and $ 4 . 80 . romansh brought $ 7 . 90 , while

all too often , pedigrees get overlooked by bettors in exchange for trainers , jockeys and recent successes . but there ' s no doubting the value of a strong racing background , which palace malice showed saturday .

as expected , the trio of verrazano , orb and palace malice took the majority of the wagering action from the public in the lead to the travers . verrazano went to the post at odds of 8 / 5 , while orb and palace malice pegged at 5 / 2 on the tote board . palace malice broke poorly from the gate and raced at the back of the pack but made a late run to get into the top four inside the final furlong . verrazano tracked the early leaders but faded badly in the stretch , putting into doubt any chances that he ' ll be a serious contender for the breeders ' cup classic .

palace malice is by two - time horse of the year curlin , now emerging as one of america’s most important young sires , and is bred on a very similar cross to hot young sire english channel . ”

palace malice ' s damsire royal anthem was an international turf router , racing against the best of his generation . he earned victories in the grade / group 1 judmonte international , canadian international and gulfstream park breeders ' handicap . he placed behind daylami in the breeders ' cup turf and swain in the king george & queen elizabeth diamond stakes . royal anthem is a young broodmare sire and palace malice is only his second stakes winner .

palace malice , a $ 200 , 000 keeneland 2 - year - old purchase last year , now is 2 - 3 - 1 in eight starts , earning $ 871 , 135 with the $ 600 , 000 payday .

one night turned the 2004 - 05 indiana pacers from a title contender into the most dysfunctional franchise in the nba . ten years later , we check in with the key figures from " the malice at the palace . "

palace malice has carved out a career on dirt , but he has the pedigree to be competitive over turf and synthetics , too . remember , sire curlin was second in a grade 1 turf event . additionally , palace malice carries the very classy turf attributes of theatrical and roberto on his distaff side . his sire line of smart strike and deputy minister are also noted for producing champion class turf runners . although palace malice may continue his immediate career on dirt , it would be intriguing to see him face top competition over the lawn and synthetics if he stays in training as a four year old . could the breeders ' cup turf or uae world cup be in his future ?

in order to be assured of getting in the kentucky derby , palace malice ran back two weeks later in keeneland ' s blue grass , finishing second by a neck after jumping tire tracks . hence the blinkers in the derby .

going into the derby , pletcher decided to tinker with the colt ' s equipment . probably not a good idea before the biggest race of the three year old season . after adding blinkers to the colt ' s arsenal , pletcher watched as palace malice set a torrid pace in the derby and faded to a gasping 12 th place . so far , palace malice has a 8 - 2 - 3 - 1 ( $ 871 , 135 ) race record .

it was his first success at grade 1 level and cot campbell , president of dogwood stables , which owns the four - year - old colt , outlined this week that palace malice’s campaign will be geared towards the breeders’ cup .

palace malice finished 1 - 1 / 2 miles in 2 : 30 . 70 , and was able to prevail with a final quarter - mile in 27 . 58 and the last half - mile in a staggering 54 . 23 .

even before palace malice proved a doughty winner of saturday ' s belmont stakes , the last glittering jewel in the us triple crown , the three - race series had provided enough compelling storylines to write something approaching the great american novel .

palace malice took the lead at the quarter pole ( a mile in 1 : 36 . 2 ) and slowly inched away for the conclusive win and paid $ 29 . 60 , $ 11 . 20 , and $ 6 . 70

palace malice is unbeaten in four runs this season and will break from gate 5 under john velazquez as the overwhelming favourite to pick up the lion’s share of the enhanced $ us1 . 5 million ( dh5 . 5 million ) purse .

( curlin – palace rumor , by royal anthem ) was sold for $ 25k at the 2011 keeneland september yearling sale . a year later at the keeneland april 2012 two year olds in training auction , palace malice caught the eye of veteran bloodstock agent cot campbell and as an agent for dogwood stables , he shelled out $ 200k for the chestnut colt .

rounding the turn palace malice shifted gears and found running room between horses , easily clearing the tiring broadway empire on his inside before digging deep to pass goldencents to his outside within the furlong grounds . the 4 - year - old son of

the move was swift , beautiful and everything you ' d expect from a horse with a hall of famer on top . palace malice continued his triumphant speed down the back stretch , opening a gaping lead over the field for the win .

the early pace was , as expected , strong with frac daddy and freedom child contesting the lead for the first half - mile in a swift 46 . 66 seconds , with oxbow sitting in the garden spot as the field entered the backstretch . oxbow took over the lead about midway down the backstretch while freedom child and palace malice remained within striking distance . as the field rolled towards the judge , palace malice assumed command of the race while his rivals spun their wheels in the final furlongs .

the preakness winner soared up to third place , as joel rosario kept orb back—likely conserving energy for a final triumphant push to the front . palace malice was running fifth through the first turn , being taken wide into the corner to avoid the fray .

on june 8 , 2013 , ridden again by smith , started at odds of 13 . 8 / 1 for the belmont stakes . smith tracked across from a wide draw to position the colt behind the leaders as frac daddy set a fast early pace . oxbow went to the front at halfway but the preakness winner was overtaken by palace malice on the turn into the straight . palace malice drew clear in the last quarter mile to win by three and a quarter lengths from oxbow , with orb in third . palace malice prepped for the travers stakes with a run in the jim dandy stakes at saratoga race course on july 27 . starting the 27 / 20 favorite , he took the lead in the straight and won by a length from will take charge .

the blaze - faced chestnut , a son of unbridled ' s song out of multiple grade i winner take charge lady , finished ahead of kentucky derby winner orb , who was third , while belmont stakes and jim dandy stakes winner palace malice ran fourth .

he came up just short against rags to riches in the belmont stakes . otherwise , we ' d be talking about palace malice channeling some of his sire ' s belmont glory and curlin being two places in the kentucky derby away from a triple crown .

called " the best horse in america " after capturing four graded stakes in a row in 2014 , including the stallion - making met mile , palace malice will stand the upcoming breeding season at three chimneys farm . palace malice is the leading earner of 2 - time horse of the year curlin , and retires with career earnings of $ 2 , 691 , 135 , scoring the rare combination of wins in the grade 1 belmont stakes and the grade 1 metropolitan hcp , where he ran 3 / 5ths off the stakes record defeating goldencents , a 2 - time grade 1 breeders ' cup mile winner . in four years , palace malice started 19 times , with seven wins including a trio of grade 2 ' s – the jim dandy stakes , the gulfstream park handicap and the new orleans handicap ; as well as a victory in the grade 3 westchester stakes . ranked atop the handicap division for the better part of his four year old season , palace malice owns the highest beyer speed figure up to a mile in 2014 .

clearly one of the best horses in the nation this year , palace malice has won 7 - of - 17 lifetime starts in his three year career to date . among his six graded stakes , he holds the unique distinction of winning two of america’s most prestigious races at decidedly different distances . in fact by winning the 12 - furlong belmont stakes and the one - turn met mile , palace malice accomplished something that no other horse has been able to do in more than 30 years by completing the prestigious new york double .

dogwood stable ' s palace malice , on the shelf since an even sixth - place finish in the 2013 breeders ' cup classic ( gr . i ) , showed no signs of rust with a gritty victory in the $ 250 , 000 gulfstream park h . . .

orb , oxbow , and palace malice made this the 17th time in the last 40 years that the derby , preakness , and belmont produced different winners . in those 16 previous instances , the 3 - year - old title went one of four ways with nearly identical frequency .

palace malice , held off late surges from golden ticket , and uncaptured , to open up his 2014 handicap season with a win in the $ 250 , 000 , gii gulfstream park hcp . , for 4yo’s and up , at 1 mile , winning by just a head .

was the just part of the news , but the really exciting part of the deal is that it opened the door for his return to racing next year . three chimneys’ interest in racing palace malice in partnership with dogwood next year intrigued the man behind dogwood , cot campbell .

palace malice is a member of lowes ' female family 2 - s . the most notable and only member of the family to win the belmont stakes is secretariat . the two distaff lines diverged in way back in the late 1800 ' s from two half sisters borne of tasmania .

palace malice , at 8 / 5 , winner of the gii jim dandy and gi belmont stakes in 2013 opened 2014 with a very tight win in the gii gulfstream park hcp . over the always solid golden ticket . this one does his best running when stalking an early pace .

1 ) palace malice – has a change of tactics and rated off the very quick early pace . he took command at the quarter pole and , albeit clearly exhausted at the end , ( he ran the final quarter in a very pedestrian like : 27 . 3 ) he won convincingly .

winstar and stonestreet sent carpe diem to seven - time eclipse award winner todd pletcher , who won the kentucky derby with the aforementioned super saver . pletcher also won the belmont stakes in 2007 with rags to riches and in 2013 with palace malice . pletcher ist he dominant trainer of the last decade .

palace malice , the unexpected early leader of the kentucky derby five weeks ago before fading in the stretch , rallied three wide of the far turn and pulled away from his rivals to win the belmont stakes over preakness winner oxbow and kentucky derby winner orb . long shot incognito rounded out the superfecta .

smart strike crossed very well with mares by wild again ( by northern dancer’s three - quarters relative , icecapade ) , and curlin has stakes winner stopshoppingdebbie out of a mare by that horse . palace malice could also be tried with mares by wild again sons , such as wild rush or milwaukee brew .

palace malice flashed talent early in his racing career , breaking his maiden as a 2 - year - old at saratoga . the bay colt blossomed as a 3 - year - old , finishing second in the g1 toyota blue grass stakes before going on to capture the g1 belmont and g2 jim dandy .

palace malice continued to improve as he got older , and had his best season as a 4 - year - old , winning four of five starts – all graded stakes – including the g1 metropolitan handicap , g2 gulfstream park h . , g2 new orleans h . , and the g3 westchester stakes .

this entry was posted in in the stud and tagged belmont stakes , cot campbell , curlin , dogwood stable , first - year stallion , horse racing , in the stud , kentucky equine research , palace malice , thoroughbred , three chimneys farm , todd pletcher by paulick report staff . bookmark the permalink .

palace malice paid $ 29 . 60 as the seventh choice in the field of 14 . he also was the third choice among pletcher ' s record five horses , the others finishing fifth ( revolutionary ) , sixth ( the filly unlimited budget ) , seventh ( overanalyze ) and 12th ( midnight taboo ) .

we interviewed as many of the participants and witnesses as we could from that night for this oral history — everyone below is listed with his or her job title on november 19 , 2004 . or , as the most infamous night in nba history would come to be known , “the malice at the palace . ”

palace malice ( usa ) b . c , 2010 { 2 - s } dp = 4 - 5 - 11 - 0 - 0 ( 20 ) di = 2 . 64 cd = 0 . 65 - 19 starts , 7 wins , 4 places , 2 shows career earnings : $ 2 , 691 , 135

palace rumor is a half sister to two multiple stakes winning dirt sprinters , maya ' s storm ( by stormy atlantic ) and jumpifyoudare ( by jump start ) . palace malice ' s second dam whisperifyoudare didn ' t earn any blacktype and scored two wins from ten starts . her half sister sweet trip is the dam of multiple stakes winning veteran rail trip , winner of the hollywood gold cup ( g - 1 ) and earner of over $ 1 . 5 million dollars .

palace malice , with trainer todd pletcher adding blinkers to keep the colt from looking around , unexpectedly bolted to a sizzling pace in the derby before tiring to 12th , 13 lengths behind orb . though there might not have been much he could have done that day , the belmont proved a do - over for mike smith .

leaving the kentucky derby and preakness race winners in the dust , 15 - 1 underdog palace malice , via bovada , gave this triple crown season its third different champion in saturday ' s race at belmont park . this is the sixth time in the last eight years that the triple crown has been a three - way split .

if you were quick to write off palace malice ' s chances in the 2013 belmont stakes , take a seat with the rest of the horse racing world . the colt with 15 - 1 odds took the 145th running in stunning fashion , but upon a closer look at the horse ' s pedigree , the win was no fluke .

i hope everyone has had the opportunity recently to read the story of the dam , palace rumor , and the storm that destroyed barns at ellis park years ago .

in the end , the race had a lop - sided feel to it . only a small number of horses managed to get into contention , and it was jockey mike smith aboard palace malice who stormed to victory . attached like a barnacle to the leading group , palace malice was sent to the front at the top of belmont ' s unnervingly elongated stretch , never to be caught . oxbow won the personal grudge match between the two other classic winners by finishing second . after sitting close to the pace , oxbow stuck on admirably to the task , beaten 3 ¼ lengths . orb , in his customary early position casually watching events unfold from the rear , stayed on for third .

it ' s no secret that palace malice gets a unique stamina advantage from his sire , who won a total of five races at the 1 1 / 4 - mile distance . stamina is usually the first thing experts look at when examining a horse ' s pedigree , due to the rigorous and extensive distance of each of the triple crown legs .

in the 145 th edition of the belmont stakes , palace malice ' s final time of 2 : 30 . 70 for 1 ½ miles is comparable to the last three belmont stakes results of union rags ( 2 : 30 . 42 ) ruler on ice ( 2 : 30 . 88 – sloppy ) and drosselmeyer ( 2 : 31 . 57 ) .

when he comes out of a race finishing second , he almost always comes back to win his next race . he did this in the jim dandy / travers , the classic / clark , the santa anita handicap / oaklawn handicap . if any horse is going to derail palace malice , i think will take charge is the right horse to do so .

o’neal said he learned of this in his court cases . the detroit news reported in 2005 , “one fan who filed a federal suit against the pacers and two players for assault had a history of alleged incidents at the palace . he threatened to pour a drink on houston rockets star yao ming at a game earlier in november . that fan , charlie haddad , was banned dec . 2 from the palace . he was confronted at half - time during the nov . 19 game with the pacers by palace security officials . ”

most say that this year is the year for palace malice , and i have a hard time arguing with perfection . this is by far his toughest challenge yet this year . just this year , he has beaten four of the eight other horses in this race . last out , he stole the met mile from grade one winner and breeders’ cup champion goldencents . this whitney is well within the scope for palace malice , as we have seen , he has almost no distance limitations . he won the belmont stakes last year , over oxbow and orb , the other two triple crown race winners . he has really figured this whole winning thing out , and i think the connections have really figured him out as well .

" palace malice is a valuable addition to the strengthening roster at three chimneys , as he possesses a superb physical to go along with an amazing body of work as a racehorse . he sprinted at two , went the classic distance at three , and showed off his miler versatility at four . this season didn ' t work out due to nagging injury , but his legacy as a racehorse is secure . the retirement of palace malice also continues the idea of collaboration that is a three chimneys mainstay , in that john malone ' s bridlewood farm will be a cornerstone partner in the horse , and we anticipate that a coalition of shareholder partners will be added over the next month to ensure this extraordinary horse ' s chances to succeed at stud , " said vice chair of the three chimneys ' board , doug cauthen . " palace malice has the sire power , the looks , and the backing to be a commercial success as well as to become an important stallion , and we look forward to showing him during the september sales " added grant williamson , director of stallion nominations and sales at three chimneys .

on november 19th , 2004 , at the end of a blowout between the indiana pacers and detroit pistons , the unthinkable happened . a skirmish on the floor between ron artest and ben wallace carried over into the stands . what followed was arguably the ugliest incident in sports history as fans and players traded punches in what was ultimately known as ‘the malice at the palace . ’

well , it was redemption all right . but it was for dogwood stable ' s palace malice , who saturday stalked a stern pace to beat gritty preakness winner oxbow by 3 - 1 / 4 lengths at belmont park . orb finished another 1 - 3 / 4 lengths back in third as the only horse to significantly rally over a surface where speed was doing very well .

with victories in the belmont stakes ( gr . i ) – in which he defeated the winners of the kentucky derby ( gr . i ) and preakness stakes ( gr . i ) – and metropolitan handicap ( gr . i ) among his six graded stakes triumphs , palace malice has strong claims to be regarded as the most versatile top level dirt performer of his crop .

palace malice ' s win justified pletcher ' s decision to sit out the preakness . it was a third win in a triple crown race for the trainer – some way compensating for this year ' s annual derby drubbing . both orb and oxbow garlanded themselves with honor , in doing so , elevating the overall cache of this year ' s stock of three - year olds .

olko : i was on vacation in california . my phone started ringing off the hook . both friends and family members were calling . “turn on your tv . there’s something happening at the palace . ” so of course i turned on my tv and got back on the phone to call my deputy police chief — he was speeding and said , “i’m not at the palace yet . i’m almost there . i’ll call in a couple of minutes . ” because the palace is such a safe venue , we only [ had ] a handful of officers there .

the preakness winner and freedom child paced the field for a bit from there , taking their lead into the far turn with a few lengths working to their advantage . however , by midway through the turn , it became abundantly clear that palace malice would be charging to the front . smith worked his horse around oxbow , putting a stranglehold on the race that he would not relinquish .

and then , in a matter of minutes , that all went away . " the malice at the palace , " as it ' s commonly known now , effectively broke up the 2004 - 05 pacers before they could ever really accomplish anything . on nov . 19 , 2004 , indiana ' s trajectory as a franchise was altered unlike anything we had ever seen before , or even since .

while palace malice was trying to work his way to the inside , the starting gun opened with frac daddy bolting immediately to the front of the field , with freedom child nipping close at his heels . by the time they got through the first turn of the mile - and - a - half track , frac daddy continued to hold court while oxbow made his initial push to the front .

long shot palace malice emerged as the hero of todd pletcher ' s record five starters in the 145th running of the grade 1 , $ 1 million belmont stakes , charging through the stretch to a 3 ¼ - length victory over preakness winner oxbow , with kentucky derby winner and 2 - 1 favorite orb finishing third in the 1 ½ - mile " test of the champion " at belmont park .

with jockey luis saez in the irons for the first time , will take charge was sent off at 9 - 1 after a runner - up finish one length behind palace malice in the july 27 jim dandy . winner of the rebel stakes at oaklawn park earlier in the season , when he finished ahead of oxbow , the big colt competed in all three triple crown races but never hit the board .

final time for the 1 ¼ - mile event was 2 : 02 . 68 on a fast track . the winner paid $ 21 . 20 , $ 8 . 60 , and $ 5 . 20 , while moreno returned $ 25 . 40 and $ 9 . 80 , and orb bringing $ 4 . 30 . behind palace malice came romansh , war dancer , verrazano , golden soul , and transparent .

“palace malice will be examined by a panel of vets on november 15 and if he is 100 percent racing sound to the satisfaction of three chimneys and dogwood , he will be shipped to dogwood’s barn in aiken , south carolina , and prepared for another campaign with todd pletcher , his trainer throughout his career , ” campbell said . “upon retirement from racing , three chimneys will acquire full ownership of the horse . ”

stephen jackson , jermaine o’neal and the aforementioned ron artest served lengthy suspensions and paid hefty fines as a result of the incident . several fans received probation , community service and were banned from the palace for life .

palace malice wrestled the lead away from oxbow at the top of the stretch and went on to win horse racing’s third jewel of the triple crown series , the 2013 belmont stakes , by 3 ¼ lengths in elmont , ny this past saturday . oxbow , the 2013 preakness winner , stayed on well to hold second while 2013 kentucky derby winner orb , who unleashed a powerful rally on the turn but flattened out late , finished third .

will take charge , second in the jim dandy in late july , surged at long - time leader moreno in the shadow of the wire to win the grade 1 travers stakes at saratoga . kentucky derby winner orb made a big move on the far turn and looked poised to take command of the race at the top of the stretch but could never get by moreno . orb faded to third at the wire , holding off palace malice in a photo .

palace malice is out of mare from the male line of nureyev , a three - quarters brother to sadler’s wells . combining nureyev and sadler’s wells has often worked well , and the similarly - bred english channel has sired multiple graded stakes winner channel lady out of a mare by sadler’s wells son , king of kings . other sources of sadler’s wells in the u . s . include el prado , medaglia d’oro , kitten’s joy , artie schiller and horse chestnut .

one of those two scenarios is very likely to play out the remainder of the year . if one of the grade 1 winners entered in this year ' s travers ( orb , palace malice , and verrazano ) were to win the race , then he would unquestionably be the leader in the three - year - old division , and it would take a curlin - like run at the end of the year for either of the also rans to catch up .

indianapolis — the cup of liquid flew out of the stands at the palace of auburn hills and splattered on ron artest , prompting the ugliest melee ever seen on an nba court and sending the indiana pacers into full crisis mode .

grade 1 winner golden ticket finished a close second in the alysheba and merits respect for trainer kenny mcpeek in this spot . the hard - trying horse just missed against palace malice earlier this season , recording a neck second in the gulfstream park h . , and the five - year - old owns a 7 - 1 - 4 - 0 under the twin spires . julien leparoux picks up the mount on the son of speightstown and golden tickets will tote 117 pounds .

auburn hills police chief doreen e . olko : we have zillions of security plans for the palace , for all kinds of things . but none included a player going up in the stands . that just is not something anybody foresaw .

" mike said palace malice missed the break , " pletcher said . " he slipped behind and dropped way back , not his characteristic spot . mike thought he was much the best ; the break killed him . it ' s horse racing . it happens every day , every race , 14 times a day sometimes . we would have liked to have won it , but we ' ve had a great meet and we ' re not going to cry about it . we ' ll regroup and try again . "

mapping out the right path to the breeder’s cup is the ultimate goal for most trainers and owners of major race horses . along with the donn handicap at gulfstream park and the santa anita handicap , the new orleans handicap is a key early season destination for horsemen eager to knock off the winter layoff rust from their charges and get them back to competing for major , graded stakes purse money . palace malice followed up his scintillating 2014 score with an impressive win in the prestigious metropolitan mile on the belmont stakes undercard .

john green ( the fan who lobbed a drink at artest ) : i never intended to hit anyone . the day i threw the cup i forgot about the laws of physics . i hope that no one ever throws anything at the palace again . 11

• palace malice , a 2yo colt who made his mark at the prestigious saratoga meet . the heavily backed colt lived up to his 1 - 5 odds in an $ 80 , 000 msw , rallying powerfully to a 3 1 / 2 - length victory . bred by lane’s end’s will farish and trained by todd pletcher for dogwood stable , the $ 200 , 000 keeapr graduate had earned a gaudy 102 bris figure running second to the highly regarded carried interest on debut at belmont july 5 . “he is the only curlin that we have , and we are very fond of this colt , ” said pletcher of palace malice . “we expected him to run well like he did first time out and maybe improve , but you never take anything for granted in this business . he’s still learning , and we were happy to see him win like this . it’s exciting to see a colt that is bred the way he is to show the kind of speed that he has , and you would think he would only improve as the distances stretch out . ”

broadway empire , at 57 - 1 , struck out for the early lead in the met mile and was tracked with about a one - length advantage by goldencents , making his first start of the year . a quarter went in : 23 . 01 and a half in : 45 . 76 while 124 - pound highweight palace malice , getting the rail trip from post 1 under hall of fame jockey john velazquez , moved up from seventh place to third or fourth as romansh made his outside move in pursuit of goldencents and the leader .

field , i see a grade one horse in each horse , no matter if they have achieved a grade one win or not . this is probably the best whitney field i have ever seen ! we have three - year - old champion will take charge , and 2013 belmont winner palace malice , who is undefeated this season . there is the veteran in prayer for relief , who won three derbies in 2011 . romansh , who captured the 2014 excelsior ( g3 ) at aqueduct , and moreno , who played bridesmaid all last year . this field is amazing !

although he ' s an early may foal , palace malice flashed talent early . he received a ton of experience in his debut in early july , sitting on the rail behind the dueling pace setters , then slipping between horses to fight it out to the wire . he was beaten only a half length , but distanced the third place horse by over six lengths . in his second start , the youngster beat a nice group of maidens by 3 ½ lengths . part of the field included hightail , who would go on to win the breeders ' cup juvenile sprint .

in the 2007 derby , street sense beat hard spun and curlin and earned a beyer speed figure of 110 , which has not been matched since in the derby . in the preakness , curlin caught him at the wire and the two earned beyers of 111 . in the belmont , rags to riches held off curlin in a race that earned a 107 with a final quarter in less than 24 seconds . this year , orb’s derby got a 104 , oxbow’s preaknesss a 106 , and palace malice’s belmont , which came home in more than 27 seconds , got a 98 .

this tradition rich race contested at a mile and an eighth at fairgrounds race course in new orleans has been run since 1924 and annually features the best older horses in the country . the $ 500 , 000 purse and late - march timing of the race have made this classic a logical starting point for horsemen looking to campaign their stars in the handicap division . mineshaft won the new orleans handicap during his 2003 horse of the year season and 2013 belmont hero , palace malice , impressed in the 2014 renewal while making the second start of his four year - old season .

the leader of this group as a racehorse , two - time horse of the year , curlin ( smart strike ) sits fifth here . at this stage of his own career , he’d made just two starts ( winning the rebel stakes ( gr . iii ) on the second ) and was about to runaway with the arkansas derby ( gr . ii ) , so it’s very early to pass judgement here . he does have a derby possible in palace malice ( out of a mare by theatrical son , royal anthem ) , who finished third in the risen star stakes ( gr . ii ) , had a horrible trip in the louisiana derby ( gr . ii ) , and will attempt to earn his way into the first classic in the blue grass stakes ( gr . i ) . he’s also had stakes winner countess curlin ( dam by private account ) and the graded stakes placed filly blue violet ( dam by silver deputy , so 3 x 3 to curlin’s broodmare sire , deputy minister ) and english stakes placed filly savanna la mar ( dam by pivotal , so bred on the same broad cross – over nureyev – as palace malice ) .

part of the problem with this pronouncement is the ongoing misuse of the word “champion , ” which in american thoroughbred racing has only one correct meaning : the winner of an eclipse award as the best of his division . orb , oxbow , and palace malice are not champions , though one of them might be by season’s end . ( if you want to blame someone for the devaluation of this word , look no further than the breeders’ cup , which insists on calling the winner of each of its races a champion , as in “breeders’ cup juvenile fillies turf champion . ” )

the belmont stakes champion ' s dam , palace rumor , doesn ' t boast the same resume , but isn ' t half bad , either . she never placed at any of the triple crown legs , but had success in winning the audubon oaks at the famous ellis park in 2006 .

three chimneys , on the other hand , is putting a whole new spin on rushing our best horses off to stud at the drop of a hat . they certainly sweetened the deal , when they opened the door for palace malice to run next year , which helped them win the opportunity to stand the top horse at their farm , but they did more than that . they did something good for the sport of racing , and i think i can speak for millions of race fans everywhere when i say , that i am grateful . grateful for the chance to see more or this . . .