smith 's bush squirrel , the yellow-footed squirrel , or the tree squirrel in south africa , paraxerus cepapi , is an african bush squirrel found in angola , botswana , the democratic republic of the congo , malawi , mozambique , namibia , south africa , tanzania , zambia , and zimbabwe .

it is a common rodent which is diurnal by nature .

smith ' s bush squirrel

smith ' s bush squirrel <EOT> smith ' s bush squirrels will store their food at the bases of trees .

viljoen , s . 1977 . behaviour of the bush squirrel , paraxerus cepapi cepapi ( a . smith , 1836 ) .

smith ' s bush squirrel ( paraxerus cepapi ) , warming - up in the morning sun , south africa , krueger np , aug 04 .

the smith ' s bush squirrel ( paraxerus cepapi ) is the 159th species in my mammals of the world series . all media is educational fair use .

viljoen , s . 1977 . factors affecting breeding synchronization in an african bush squirrel ( paraxerus cepapi cepapi ) .

smith ' s bush squirrels mark areas . 3 to 1 . 26 ha in size by mouth wiping , urinating , and anal dragging .

there have been squirrels on the african continent for around 20 million years . the african bush squirrel is a genus of squirrels that consist of 11 species of which the smith’s bush squirrel is one . smith’s bush squirrel ( paraxerus cepapi ) , otherwise known as the yellow - footed squirrel or in south africa simply as the tree squirrel is found in central africa , eastern africa and the northern regions of southern africa . this species lives in savannah woodland areas , favouring trees with suitable nesting holes . tree squirrels are often seen in the protected bushveld areas of sabi sabi and the surrounding reserves .

smith ' s bush squirrel is mostly arboreal , and diurnal , or active primarily during the daytime . the diet is mostly made up of seeds , but it sometimes will eat insects as well .

there is very little information on the reproduction and mating systems in striped bush squirrels . however , in a related species , smith ' s bush squirrels ( paraxerus cepapi ) , there is more information .

. his quarterbacks have been matt cassel and alex smith . he ' s lucky if a healthy

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john koprowski handles a smith’s bush squirrel ( paraxerus cepapi ) in africa . koprowski and collaborators hope to learn how squirrels influence regeneration of forests where elephants have caused damage in africa . image credit : mike stokes

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will narrow its eyes at a submissive squirrel . in which case , the submissive squirrel will run away .

the smith ' s bush squirrel is listed as least concern . does not qualify for a more at risk category . widespread and abundant taxa are included in this category , on the iucn red list of threatened species

smith’s bush squirrel may well be the most common mammal in the okavango . this small rodent is territorial and prefers mature mopane and other broad - leafed woodlands . preyed upon mostly by raptors , mambas and small python .

the indian giant squirrel , also called the malabar giant squirrel , has its name for a very good reason : this is the largest tree squirrel sp . . .

the tiny little tree squirrel is a common inhabitant of south africa ' s kruger national park .

welcome to the 24 th edition of shakati’s bush facts . in this edition we will be focusing on the greater kudu . these are the majestic warriors of the bush , and have the ability to melt away into the bush .

, the striped bush squirrel , is found throughout southern kenya , the united republic of tanzania , malawi , and northern mozambique .

( smith ' s bush squirrel ) is found in eastern , central , and southern africa including southern angola , northern namibia , southeastern democratic republic of the congo , western tanzania , malawi , botswana , zimbabwe , mozambique , and northern south africa .

a juvenile abert’s squirrel ( sciurus aberti ) climbs on a tree branch in arizona . image credit : jonathan derbridge

author : bernard dupont license : attribution - sharealike 2 . 0 generic ( cc by - sa 2 . 0 ) urltoken description : male smith ' s bush squirrel or tree squirrel ( paraxerus cepapi ) filmed on 110 road north of berg - en - dal , kruger national park , south africa link : urltoken title : smith ' s bush squirrel ( paraxerus cepapi ) . webm details of the licenses can be found on this channel ' s " about " page . in this video , no changes or modifications have been made to the original material . - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -

striped bush squirrels eat seeds , fruits , roots , leaves , and buds .

is a social squirrel . they live in groups of one or two adults and many juveniles . family groups consist of 2 to 12 . these groups nest together in trees , ground holes , house roofs , and in - between rocks . smith ' s bush squirrels are diurnal and arboreal . although

african bush squirrels are the largest , most diverse and adaptable of all african squirrels .

spring is almost here , and soon our squirrel friends will be hearing the pitter - patter of tiny squirrel paws . mating season for eastern gray . . .

smith ' s bush squirrels are found in areas that provide appropriate nesting holes . these are commonly savanna , mopane and acacia woodlands . although these squirrels mostly live in trees , they will also nest in holes on the ground , between rocks , and in house roofs .

smith ' s bush squirrels are medium - sized african bush squirrels . the coat is yellow to brown in color but can vary by region . in general , the dorsal coat is a brownish yellow or gray color , while the ventral coat is a white or gray color with a buff coloration on the chest . the face has white stripes both above and below the eyes and cheeks that are a subtle brownish yellow color . smith ' s bush squirrels have long , bushy tails with a black and yellow to brown coloration . adults have an average body length measuring 238 . 5 mm and an average body mass of 222 . 85 g .

unlike north american tree squirrels , the smith ' s bush squirrels live in territorial family groups , with both adult males and females defending territory and nesting together along with their juvenile offspring . the nests are made in holes in trees . group solidarity is reinforced through mutual grooming .

a young / baby of a smith is called a ' pup , kit or kitten ' . the females are called ' doe ' and males ' buck ' . a smith group is called a ' dray or scurry ' .

safaris are all about the big game . but even though elephants , leopards and rhinos ( oh my ! ) fill your lens and retinas on a daily basis , it’s still just as wonderful to watch a squirrel scamper through a tree . this species is known in south africa simply as a tree squirrel , or smith’s bush squirrel more broadly . its golden coat with tinges of rust and green make it a far more handsome creature than the common grey squirrels that run through london’s parks . it lacks none of their characteristic agility either , as the video below will demonstrate . i spent a good half - hour watching this individual scurry about the tree that stood right next to the lodge .

in the wild ; however , in captivity , one squirrel lived for 9 . 6 years .

a mt . graham red squirrel . this species of squirrels is the most endangered in america .

reggie bush nearly made this list . let ' s say he ranked 27th . bush may have been overpriced and overhyped in his heyday , but he was a heck of a receiver and return man early in his career who developed into a capable running back as he matured .

, yields clues about the communication of striped bush squirrels . tail flicking and ear wagging have been recorded in

smith was such a mismatch headache for opponents that the cardinals dusted off the " tight end around " play for him . smith rushed 38 times for 327 yards and three touchdowns in his career . he was also the cardinals ' regular punter for three seasons . and if that isn ' t enough versatility for you , smith also sings a fine national anthem .

my pet squirrel , sandy . snuggling , biting , playing , licking , yawning , and being generally cute .

smith ' s bush squirrels are mostly vegetarian , consuming many plants , seeds , berries , flowers , and some arthropods . although opportunistic , they prefer seeds and gums of acacia , and seeds and flowers of aloes . they will also consume termites . in east africa , the squirrels will also eat insects , bird eggs , and euphorbia leaves .

african bush squirrels are usually seen in pairs but live amongst six or more other squirrels in a small area of the forest .

the sub - species of tree squirrel found in the kruger national park , known as smith’s bush squirrel , is covered by shades of grey fur , with yellow parts covering its lower - back region , hind legs and its bushy , long tails . there are added white parts of fur on their chest and belly - regions , although the shade of these colors differs from one are to another . the average weight of such a squirrel is a meager 200g , and their length average is 35cm of which nearly half of that spans the length of their well - known furry tail . their ears are small and round , and they have long fingered paws similar to primates at the ends of their front legs .

very young striped bush squirrels have been collected in the months of march and april . in june , some half - grown young were collected . it has been suggested that the birthing season may occur around these months , and possibly a second one in september . a striped bush squirrel nest was recorded as being made from grass and coconut fibers and was located in a hollow tree .

zimbabwe ' s top destinations range from victoria falls to mana pools national park .

is a larger squirrel that has gray shoulders with tan gray sides , gray markings on the belly , and gray white feet .

anded mongoose , bat eared fox , blesbok , blue wildebeest , squirrel , impala , giraffe , kudu , njala , warthog .

suddenly , the mother noticed koprowski with her baby on his head and bolted toward him , ready to attack . koprowski , startled , began running from the protective mother squirrel . “like any good mother , she wouldn’t give up , ” he said . after a few seconds of running around with a squirrel on his head while onlookers stood staring at the fiasco , koprowski shook the baby squirrel off of his head onto a nearby tree . it was hard to tell who was more relieved — koprowski or the mother squirrel .

smith ran track and played tailback at northwestern louisiana before switching to flanker , where he played well enough to get drafted in the 10th round by the cardinals in 1963 . cardinals ends coach fran polsfoot saw the 210 - pound smith ' s potential as a tight end and moved him there to cover for some injuries . smith bulked up a bit and was soon putting up mammoth numbers for the era , including a 56 - catch , 1 , 205 - yard , 21 . 5 - yard - per - catch and nine - touchdown receiving line in 1967 .

there is little doubt that the most beautiful and instantly recognizable physical characteristic of the squirrel is its tail . tree squirrels . . .

smith ' s bush squirrels are able to communicate using clicking and rattling vocalizations . if disturbed , they will grunt and growl . their low intensity alarm call consists of three “chir” or “click” sounds . this is used as a warning or territorial defense . they also have a high intensity alarm call composed of six or seven high pitched notes ; this is similar to a bird call or whistle . when threatened ,

sometime vegetarian . bird and squirrel watcher . husband and father . unapologetic red state liberal . texas tech red raider football and basketball fan .

murmurs , which is thought to be a form of communication used to contact another squirrel and can be aggressive or friendly . male and female

john koprowski stood in an urban park in kansas with binoculars pressed to his eyes . he was conducting a study as part of his phd thesis research and was intently observing a female eastern fox squirrel ( sciurus niger ) carry each of her seven babies from one nest in a tree to the base of a nearby tree . each baby squirrel wrapped its feet around its mother’s head , with its own head tucked under her chin . “the mother squirrel kind of looked like it had a giant head , ” koprowski recalled .

there is not much information on communication in striped bush squirrels except that young will emit a piercing squeak when threatened or fearful , to which the mother will respond .

striped bush squirrels are diurnal mammals . not much is known about their social system , but females and males associate with their young . there are no recordings of large associations of

" just give me 18 inches of daylight . that ' s all i need . " — gale sayers

when most americans think of squirrels , we think of the eastern gray , the familiar bushy - tailed tree squirrel of parks and suburban yards . b . . .

first , happy squirrel appreciation day ! i wasn ' t sure how to commemorate this special day . here are some ideas of things to appreciate a . . .

mary’s old , mysterious letter . photo by sam kurth ( cc by 2 . 0 ) click for source .

gifford was , in fact , a popular golden boy . he was also one of history ' s great playmakers

since the last couple of posts on this blog have been kind of grim , i thought a bit of squirrel cuteness overload would be appropriate . so i . . .

if a dominant p . cepapi narrows its eyes at a submissive p . cepapi , the submissive squirrel will run away and is then often chased by the dominant one .

tree squirrels have often been referred to as ( smith ' s ) bush squirrels , yellow - footed squirrels or mopane squirrels . these associations relate to its bushveld habitat , foot colouring and frequent mopane tree visitations . they spend much of the day searching for food in a very small area , with the males performing sentry duty , alarm soundings and anal and urination scent - marking rituals . they will be close to trees though with suitable nesting holes , of mostly savannah woodland areas that include a wide variety of tree types

the garden route region is located between the western cape ' s mossel bay and storms river in the eastern cape .

the kruger national park is south africa ' s top safari destination , offering every accommodation option from camping to exclusive lodges .

for diptera , it’s a no - brainer . students should read wiegmann et al . ’s ( 2011 ) episodic radiations in the fly tree of life . sure it’s technical in its methods , but it also tells an interesting story about how diptera have been so successful , describes natural history trends we see across the phylogeny , and discusses how robust the current classification is .

it is thought that color changes in the fur might be connected with age . color changes do not seem to be merely seasonal , but may depend on the physiological condition of the squirrel .

striped bush squirrels are small to medium sized squirrels . head and body length measurement averages 175 mm and tail length also averages 175 mm . they can weight from 120 g to 200 g . striped bush squirrels undergo periodic color changes . the back can be dark grey or olive - brown , which can be replaced by brightly ochraceous tipped hairs . the dorsal surface can also take on a fulvous or bright gold hue .

while koprowski hasn’t had such a riveting encounter with a squirrel since he was a phd student , his excitement about the small , bushy tailed species hasn’t faltered over the years as he’s traveled all over the world to teach children about squirrels , including the panda breeding center in china where he taught students about the importance of biodiversity , and to remote areas to study them . along with three other authors , he also published the book squirrels of the world in 2012 , which is a comprehensive examination of all squirrel species globally .

when you are extremely lucky you may see the bat eared foxes on shakati . i spotted these curious and teddy bear like creatures very early on a game drive . just shows you how the bush may always surprise you .

thank you for this information . the sound the squirrel makes in my back garden in selebi - phikwe is rather like a bird alarm call . when i first heard it i kept looking for a bird !

available information on the ecosystem roles of striped bush squirrels is lacking . it seems likely , however , that they disperse seeds of the tree species they feed on and affect the abundance of the specific plants on which they feed .

striped bush squirrels are terrestrial and live in a variety of habitats , from moist savannahs to forests . they can be found on cultivated lands , preferring sugar plum tree groves . populations are most numerous in old - growth hardwood forests .

sproles also had an excellent early career for the chargers , complementing ladainian tomlinson as a third - down back and return man . add it all up , and sproles is now eighth on the all - time list with 19 , 011 all - purpose yards . that ' s almost as many as westbrook ( 11 , 259 ) and bush ( 10 , 001 ) combined .

keep in mind that barry sanders and emmitt smith were both in the nfl for most of thomas ' tenure as the scrimmage - yardage king . smith was the best pure rusher of the bunch , and he was helped by the best offensive line . ( spoiler alert : sanders is coming soon on this countdown . ) while sanders was a better pure playmaker than thomas , he lacked his former oklahoma state teammate ' s consistency and versatility in the passing game . in his prime , thomas combined the best elements of a shake - ' n ' - bake third - down back and a no - nonsense workhorse , the perfect combination for creating mismatches on the fly .

[ 0455 ] virginia hayssen et al . ( 1993 ) , asdell ' s patterns of mammalian reproduction : a compendium of species - specific data

koprowski is currently conducting a long - term project over 25 years on america’s most endangered squirrel , the mt . graham red squirrel ( tamiasciurus hudsonicus grahamensis ) . he is studying factors such as fire and insect damage in high elevation coniferous forests that influence the status of the squirrel population which includes only about 250 individuals . he also has extended his work to south africa in collaboration with mike stokes at western kentucky university to observe the role of squirrels and other rodents in regenerating forests in areas where elephants are causing damage . in china , he is using a diverse array of squirrels and other seed - eating rodents as an indicator of climate change in high elevations where giant pandas live . “overall , we are interested in using squirrels as indicators of forest change and climate change over time , ” he said .

this countdown was not really designed for tight ends . but it is designed for mold - breakers . smith didn ' t just break the mold for tight ends . he completely reshaped it , and successors from winslow to gronk have been adding to the design ever since .

. striped bush squirrels nest in hardwood tree hollows and can be seen basking near their nest holes in the early morning . if they realize they have attracted attention , they will flee . it has been suggested that females are more wary than males .

2007 . " u . s . fish and wildlife service : working together " ( on - line ) . accessed march 16 , 2007 at urltoken .

specimens from 1935 mexico , found in the same box as mary’s letter . photo by sam kurth ( cc by 2 . 0 ) click for source .

unfortunately , an internet search for smith usually brings up dozens of reference to his dropped pass in the end zone in super bowl xiii , after the 38 - year - old was lured out of retirement by the injury - ravaged cowboys . the greatest tight end of his era waited 16 years to reach the hall of fame because voters of the past were obsessed with " signature moments " instead of a player ' s body of work .

squirrels in the southern hemisphere are seasonal breeders . mating takes place in august and after an 8 week gestation period , 1 - 3 blind , naked , toothless young are born . the baby squirrels are weaned at 6 weeks and become sexually mature shortly thereafter . a squirrel’s life expectancy is 2 - 3 years in the wild , with squirrels in captivity living for as long as 9 years .

welcome to the fifteenth edition of shakati bush facts . in this edition we will be sharing with you a special find which we have made on the shakati private game reserve , namely the ground pangolin ! we are quite excited to share this find with you !

as cold weather sets in and we complain about the freezing temperatures during our morning drive to work , it ' s easy to forget that wild . . .

more dangerous as a running back ( 5 . 7 yards per carry with the saints ) , more versatile as a receiver ( 16 touchdowns in three seasons ; bush scored 12 receiving touchdowns in five saints seasons ) and more reliable as an all - purpose return man .

all of those all - time great tight ends certainly left their stamp on the position . but jackie smith is the guy who literally turned the tight end from a blocker who lined up next to the right tackle and caught a few underneath passes to a chess piece who can line up anywhere and do practically anything .

we ' d like to inform you that we have updated our privacy notice to comply with europe’s new general data protection regulation ( gdpr ) that applies since 25 may 2018 .

viljoen , s . 1983 . communicatory behaviour of southern african tree squirrels , paraxerus palliatus ornatus , p . p . tongensis , p . c . cepapi and funisciurus congicus .

to the uneducated mind , it just looks like another latin name . this species of wasp is known for the larvae’s manipulation of its host insect , pushing the discoverers to name it

when i was a kid in london on the ’50’s things were a little different . yes , today you will see the “common grey squirrels that run through london’s parks” , but back then they were a recent invading species ( from america ) taking over from the red squirrels we all loved . i guess the grey squirrels were successful : even the memory of the little red guys is gone now , in london . they are still around in the forests , but even there their existence is precarious . see the forestry service’s report ( urltoken ) .

" imagine a player with the kick - return skills of david meggett , the quick feet of barry sanders and the sure hands of michael irvin , " timothy w . smith wrote of metcalf in the new york times in 1995 . nowadays , imagine a durable percy harvin , a more explosive julian edelman or a tyreek hill without the baggage . that ' s who metcalf was . he finished his career with 12 return touchdowns , 12 rushing touchdowns , 31 receiving touchdowns and 17 , 230 all - purpose yards , 15th on the all - time list .

this is a small species of squirrel . adults are only about 14 inches long , about half of which is the tail , and weigh about seven ounces . it is a light rusty brown or , in some regions , more gray in color , with a buff or sometimes white chest and belly .

certain species of squirrels such as eastern gray squirrels ( sciurus carolinensis ) are also very common , making them a convenient species to study . there are 285 squirrel species in the world , koprowski said , and the fact that most are active during the day also makes them conspicuous and easy to find .

working as a member of the frost’s research and curatorial team has been such a rewarding experience thus far , and i am excited to be a part of all we have in store for the upcoming year .

this week’s mystery lice come from mossman , north queensland , australia . they were collected in 1962 on uromys caudimaculatus ( krefft 1867 ) ( rodentia : muridae ) , commonly known as a giant white - tailed rat .

chip kelly ' s no - huddle experiment . shady led the nfl in rushing and scrimmage yards in 2013 before the rest of the league figured out kelly was running the same handful of plays over and over again .

dunn was the primary offensive weapon for tony dungy ' s buccaneers in the late 1990s . paired with bruiser mike alstott in the backfield , he was both the big - play threat of the running game and the team ' s most reliable receiver . dunn missed his chance to win a super bowl when jon gruden arrived in tampa bay , however , as he had signed on to become part of a radically different system in atlanta .

andy reid ' s west coast offense , which at the time was pass - oriented with a rudimentary rushing attack . mccoy had two 1 , 000 - yard rushing seasons and a 20 - touchdown campaign in this scheme .

little was short for a running back in that bruising era . he was also bowlegged . but the legs he sometimes described as " parentheses " brought several unexpected advantages . little ' s center of gravity was low , his balance was exceptional and his ankles were permanently braced to make a cut on a defender . he quickly became one of the most dangerous rusher - receiver - returner combinations in the afl . saban ' s broncos , meanwhile , slowly climbed to respectability .

the trees squirrel has hind legs which are longer than the front , with toes equipped with claws for climbing trees . there is soft padding on the underside of their feet . they have a tooth structure which is typical of a rodent ; large chisel - like top and bottom incisors that continue growing for their entire lives and flattish grinding molars for crushing food .

some were officially third - down running backs , some slot receivers . all of them were incredibly versatile . brown and edelman played defense at times . welker was the emergency kicker . patten ' s versatility in one 2001 game against the colts

mitchell would do everything else , both for washington and the eagles . he ' s the nfl ' s all - time leader in career punt and kick return yardage ( 19 , 013 ) . his 13 return touchdowns rank fifth on the all - time list of non - offensive touchdowns . mitchell was also one of the most dangerous and reliable third - down backs of his era , averaging 5 . 1 career yards per rush and never missing a game in 14 seasons .

the modern broncos have a well - earned reputation as one of the best - run sports franchises in america . it all started when a bowlegged spark plug of a runner finally gave the fans of football ' s ugliest franchise something worth watching .

sanders was history ' s most elusive running back , making him an ideal fit for the run ' n ' shoot ' s barely controlled chaos . nickel and dime defenders of the day were no match for sanders ' ankle - twisting cutbacks . linebackers didn ' t stand a chance of even keeping up with him . lions quarterbacks were generally average - to - terrible , but sanders kept the team and the hinky system in the playoff picture with his ability to consistently rack up big plays .

jones , k . , j . bielby , m . cardillo , s . fritz , j . o ' dell . 2009 . pantheria : a species - level database of life history , ecology , and geography of extant and recently extinct mammals .

the topic of the plenary is one that koprowski sees evidence of every day as a squirrel researcher . aside from the element of human interest that surrounds squirrels , they are also good indicators of changes in the environment , according to koprowski . as forests become fragmented and disrupt their habitat , squirrels still can be easily found , telling us a lot about climate change and other changes caused by humans .

greg roman / anthony lynn ' s cro - magnon power - running jamboree . mccoy averaged 5 . 4 yards per carry , caught 50 passes and scored 14 touchdowns for a power - and - options offense that had zero receiving threats for much of last season .

barber left a complicated legacy in the locker room and off the field . he was as quick to criticize teammates and coaches as he was to fake out a linebacker , and the giants ' becoming a tightly knit super bowl team as soon as he retired was not lost on anyone . but this isn ' t a countdown of the nfl ' s most lovable teammates . barber made himself the nfl ' s most dangerous playmaker in the mid - 2000s , proving there is much more to the job than being quick and having good hands .

mitchell ' s pure speed allowed him to both burn cornerbacks deep and beat defenders to the edge on sweeps . he was also nifty in the open field with a devastating mix of dart - like quickness and vision . his career marks the changing of eras , not just from segregation ' s last holdouts to more enlightened times , but the opening up of offenses near the dawn of the super bowl . mitchell was too good of a playmaker to be a " left halfback . " football was changing , because men like mitchell were changing it .

while the mother probably intended for all of her young to wait patiently while she carried each one up to their new nest , the baby squirrels scurried off in different directions . one squirrel ran straight toward what it thought was another tree — one with binoculars and arms and legs — 6 - foot - 2 - inch koprowski . “the youngster went up my face and on top of my head , ” koprowski said .

“squirrels help us study how ecosystems are changing , and the recovery from these changes is critical , ” he said . “the challenges involve humans as well as natural systems . we can help effect change with management elements . it’s an exciting time to be a wildlife biologist . ”

brian westbrook nearly made this list . let ' s say he ranked 26th . westbrook is revered in philadelphia . he carried the andy reid / donovan mcnabb eagles at times as an all - purpose weapon , and he was a respected figure in the locker room as well .

gifford moved to the broadcast booth upon retirement and spent decades as one of the smoothest announcers in the business . he moved from color commentary to play - by - play , and later generations forgot he was ever even a player . gifford ' s all - purpose stats in the old encyclopedias looked nothing like jim brown ' s perennial dominance . gifford reached the hall of fame in 1977 , but younger fans perusing the encyclopedias may think his enshrinement was some sort of lifetime achievement award for a golden boy who popularized the game for new yorkers or something .

squirrels are rodents belonging to the family sciuridae which also includes chipmunks , marmots and prairie dogs . the name squirrel is derived from skiouros , an ancient greek word meaning shadow - tailed . there are over 270 types of squirrels , with various indigenous species found on every continent except antarctica and australia , ( although squirrels have been introduced into australia . ) squirrels are divided into 3 groupings , tree , ground or flying squirrels .

mitchell led a late touchdown drive , completing three passes for 40 yards . keep in mind , this was against buddy ryan ' s defense in an era before any team had a wildcat or read - option package for a player like mitchell to fall back upon . ( the eagles were in prevent mode , but buddy ' s prevent mode wasn ' t like normal prevent mode . ) it was a gutsy , dignity - saving performance , but mitchell would never play quarterback again , though he threw a few more career passes on trick plays and fake punts .

tarkenton was an undersized mid - round quarterback with amazing scrambling ability and tremendous touch on his deep passes . he joined the expansion minnesota vikings in 1961 and immediately butted heads with their coach , the notoriously irascible norm van brocklin . the dutchman didn ' t like tarkenton ' s scrambling

the browns lined mitchell up in the same backfield as jim brown in the 1950s and early 1960s . serving as a motion man and brown ' s " mr . outside , " mitchell averaged 5 . 4 yards per rush for four seasons and returned three punts and three kickoffs for touchdowns .

while most people haven’t had this kind of close encounter with a squirrel , many have equally memorable stories about the thriving species that are a familiar backyard sight . people care about their welfare , which in turn helps with conservation of squirrels and related species . according to koprowski , this aspect of squirrels makes them an important and useful species for wildlife conservation in general . his early experience with them led to a lifetime of interest in the species .

a terrestrial biome found in temperate latitudes ( > 23 . 5° n or s latitude ) . vegetation is made up mostly of grasses , the height and species diversity of which depend largely on the amount of moisture available . fire and grazing are important in the long - term maintenance of grasslands .

sometimes , the fireplug - shaped all - purpose guy is just an all - purpose guy . in sproles ' case , he ' s an easy - to - overlook all - time great , hiding in plain sight and outperforming better - paid , better - regarded players at their own games .

i’ve been working on my course ( ent 432 ) syllabus for what seems like forever , though it’s only been eight years . in the latest iteration i’ve tried to incorporate required reading from the primary literature—mostly empirical studies , rather than reviews—for each lecture . this exercise was mush more difficult than i anticipated !

history ' s best playmakers often start their careers as ordinary all - purpose backs . they return kicks , catch some third - down screen passes , produce a few highlights and then appear poised to give way to someone younger , faster and cheaper as soon as they lose a fraction of a step .

whether he ' s cutting back for positive yardage on a sweep that the entire defense sniffed out , exploding through a tiny crease in the line for a big gain or turning a screen pass into a touchdown , shady has multiple ways of turning nothing into something or a little something into a whole lot .

judged as " playmakers , " there ' s no contest between cunningham , steve young and michael vick . young was a brilliant soloist and conductor for a world - class orchestra . vick played in offenses that complemented his rushing ability , and his 2000s passing totals don ' t come close to cunningham ' s 1980s totals . when it came to contortionist tactics to avoid sacks , windmill leaps at the end of scrambles and making up new moves just to survive , cunningham was in a class by himself . he often looked like he was on the field by himself . and win or lose , he always put on a show .

don ' t look up grange ' s nfl stats seeking enlightenment ; what little is there is almost incomprehensible to modern eyes anyway . just know that he was a ruthian figure who achieved lebron james - like fame the moment such fame became possible in american society , and his exploits introduced the fledgling nfl to future fanatics all across the country .

at just under a million ) and the “discoverer” of a new one earns the right to name the species , oftentimes causing the name to have an interesting and unique etymology . now i know what you’re thinking . isn’t it confusing using the words entomology and etymology back and forth in rapid succession ? well of course , but that’s where the fun lies !

along came head coach lou saban , who formerly coached the bills to a pair of afl championships . then the nfl - afl common draft arrived , giving the broncos a puncher ' s chance of acquiring real talent . with their first pick of the new era , the broncos selected little , a 5 ' 10 " all - purpose back from syracuse .

the species today is named for its “ability to hunt down obscure prey” ( jozwiak , rewicz , pabis 2015 ) . if that doesn’t scream google then you should probably get in touch with the modern world because it’s pretty great . in madagascar where the ant was discovered in 2005 , entomologist brian l . fisher named the species proceratium google ( hymenoptera : formicidae ) .

mcelhenny , by contrast , was all jukes , weaves and squirrel - on - the - freeway chaos . " the king " averaged 7 . 0 yards per carry on 98 carries as a rookie in 1952 and 8 . 0 yards per carry on 64 carries when the million dollar backfield officially came together in 1954 . while perry took tittle handoffs and sprinted off left end behind johnson , mcelhenny took handoffs and pitches and did . . . whatever he felt like doing . both perry and mcelhenny were also effective receivers , and both took turns returning kicks and punts .

these tree squirrel species arrange themselves into family groups who usually share a shelter from the heat of the day and the shadows or those within them during the starry african nights . all members of such a family group share the same scent , making life much easier for them when it comes to setting boundaries for other families and their members . all the young are raised together by all their respective mothers together , a very communal and social relationship building exercise . furthermore males may show territorial behavior by protecting their homes , although the same behavior has been seen from females and adolescent young .

the bills may field something close to a typical nfl offense this year , with multiple wide receivers and everything . for the first time in four years , mccoy won ' t face stacked fronts of defenders who know what ' s coming . it could be too little , too late for a back who has already had an excellent career . but it could also result in a season for the ages .

when a quarterback as incandescently talented as young leaves college , teams do crazy things to acquire him . the usfl ' s los angeles express offered him $ 40 million they didn ' t really have so he could single - handedly fill the coliseum for them . young ended up taking snaps at running back and paying team bus drivers out of his own pocket just to get the express to games on time .

in cunningham ' s " ultimate weapon " days with the eagles , like his 30 - passing - touchdown , 942 - rushing - yard effort in 1990 , his running backs were 1970s - style plodders anthony toney and keith byars . his receivers were pretty good , but the eagles offensive lines of the era were built out of steroid violators , converted defensive linemen and other assorted castoffs and buddy ryan experiments .

the letter was undated , but found among specimens dated from 1928 , addressed to “george and alice . ” the wounds from the great war were starting to heal after a decade of peace and rebuilding , the great depression was not even a shadow of a thought , fitzgerald’s famous book had exploded in popularity ; the jazz age was truly in full swing . somewhere out there was mary , trading through fields collecting dragonflies .

faulk gained over 1 , 000 rushing and receiving yards in 1999 . he led the league in touchdowns in 2000 and 2001 . he averaged no less than 5 . 3 yards per rush for three consecutive years , leading the league each year and supplementing the rushing production with over 80 receptions per season . faulk wasn ' t just the nfl ' s best playmaker from 1999 through 2001 . he was the best player , period .

we will start discussing and examining lepidoptera in late november . scales are certainly a contributing factor to lepidoptera’s diversity , and their patterns are important for determining species . is their a great read about lep scales ? or should we focus our discussion on host plat relationships , chemical defense , moth avoidance , proboscis morphology … ? photo by johan j . ingles - le nobel ( cc by - nc - nd 2 . 0 ) . click for original .

dunn ' s falcons , like his buccaneers , were too flawed to reach the super bowl . both teams needed dunn to be an offensive focal point and a locker room leader , not just mr . shake ' n ' bake in the open field . dunn responded by becoming one of the most respected players in the nfl , not just one of the most exciting . that one - two punch is what earned him a spot on this countdown .

the various woody areas of the kruger national park offer many suitable shelters and habitats , from mopane forests near mopani rest camp to tree - rich woodland areas found in scattered areas throughout the park . trees with natural holes in them are preferred by most squirrel species , because of its use as a shelter and place in which to raise young . the more trees in a woodland area the better for these animals , whether it be acacia thorn trees or larger trees . their main food source is also found within trees ; seeds . they also spread seeds around large trees to facilitate regrowth , thereby giving back what they take and keeping up their end of the symbiotic relationship they share with trees .

hester holds the nfl record with 20 non - offensive touchdowns . that ' s an astounding number for a modern player , particularly one who played on offense ( defenders can mix in some pick - sixes with their kick and punt returns ) . hester was also a capable screens - and - bombs receiver stuck in largely bad offenses for much of his career . but he was at his best when he could specialize in the dying art of fielding kicks and punts .

in modern football , trippi would be a cross between christian mccaffrey , terrelle pryor and jabrill peppers , with a dash of marquette king sprinkled in . great prospects like these still leave college for an nfl befuddled about how best to make use of their gifts . for trippi , the chicago cardinals tried a little of everything , and it worked . today ' s nfl teams can still learn something from their post - wwii forebears . give great playmakers the ball . worry about the labels later .

given 18 inches of daylight , gale sayers performed feats that are still dazzling over half a century later . he jump - cut , head - faked , hurdled and juked early ' 60s defenders who had never seen the likes of the kansas comet before . it might be cheating to point to a highlight reel and say " watch this , " but here ' s a highlight reel , complete with quotes from george halas and others ( plus some ac / dc music ) . words don ' t really do sayers justice .

tarkenton led the vikings to three super bowls in the 1970s . his supporting cast was excellent : the purple people eaters on defense , the aforementioned line , ahmad rashad , john gilliam and chuck foreman among his weapons . but tarkenton ' s timing was poor . the nfl was dominated by the steelers , raiders , cowboys and vikings through most of the mid - to - late ' 70s . with tarkenton and many of the vikings stars already well past their prime when everything came together , they had a habit of finishing one or two games shy of a championship .

yet in the mid - 2000s , it was still possible for a return man to be a great team ' s most valuable offensive player , as hester proved for the bears . his six return touchdowns in the 2006 regular season and playoffs helped a team with a blundering offense come within a rainy day run - in with peyton manning of winning a super bowl . when he wasn ' t taking a kickoff to the house , he was forcing opponents to squib kick to avoid him , giving the bears offense the field position it desperately needed to muster a few points .

on this list of all - time playmakers , it must be noted that vick spent what should have been his prime either in jail or rebuilding the nfl ' s trust on the eagles bench . he robbed himself of those great years , and it cost him a chance to be the best playmaker ever . he doesn ' t even rank first among our quarterbacks . but vick is in a category all his own , as both an athlete and cultural figure . few inspire more complex emotions . the off - field ugliness was undeniable . but so was the on - field beauty .

they are most active , out and about during the daytime , making them diurnal creatures , but spend most of their time in trees , on branches and between leaves where the sun’s grasp on them is not that strong . they mostly forage for food during this time , but keep a careful lookout for any predator that might come walking or flying by , because squirrels overall , especially juvenile squirrels , are very vulnerable and are almost last on the food chain . they also groom and socialize vocally with one another during the day , checking for parasites and keeping up their appearance and hygiene .

call these players products of brady and the patriots system if you like . but several of these players ( like welker ) have had success elsewhere , and the system itself points the way to the future . the patriots used to be alone in plucking guys like welker off other rosters or drafting and grooming edelman types for slot receiver roles . copycats are catching on , and players like christian mccaffrey can now enter the draft marketing themselves as patriots - style weapons , even as television analysts shrug their shoulders and ask " what position does he play ? " like it ' s still 1977 .

speaking of ryan experiments : buddy held the very concept of coordinating a modern offense in near contempt . cunningham ' s job was to drop back and make stuff happen , whether it was a bomb to fred barnett or calvin williams , a pirouetting ballet recital of a scramble or some combination of both . sometimes , the results were highlights that will be remembered forever , like the 95 - yard touchdown to barnett or the apparent carl banks sack that cunningham turned into a touchdown pass to jimmie giles . sometimes , cunningham spent whole afternoons running for his life on 3rd - and - 25 .

when grange joined the nfl in 1925 , it changed perceptions about professional football . his presence at a bears road game could put a struggling host team in the black for the season . fans came to see the most dynamic , elusive all - purpose weapon of that primitive era . grange ran , passed and returned punts in an era when punt returns were much more integral to the game than they are now . football before grange was college lads clobbering each other in the mud . grange introduced quickness and grace to the sport . he was , quite literally , the nfl ' s first playmaker .


collared wrigglers are perciform fishes in the family xenisthmidae .

they are native to the indian and pacific oceans , where they are mostly reef-dwelling .

xenisthmidae

xenisthmidae <EOT> kento furui added the japanese common name " ヤナギハゼ科 " to " xenisthmidae " .

kari pihlaviita added the finnish common name " huulitokot " to " xenisthmidae " .

gymnoxenisthmus tigrellus , new genus and species of gobioid fish from the red sea ( gobioidei : xenisthmidae ) . - pubmed - ncbi

gill , a . c . & hoese , d . f . ( 2004 ) three new australian species of the fish genus xenisthmus ( gobioidei : xenisthmidae ) . records of the australian museum , 56 , 241–246 . urltoken

gill , a . c . & randall , j . e . ( 1994 ) xenisthmus balius , a new species of fish from the persian gulf ( gobioidei : xenisthmidae ) . proceedings of the biological society of washington , 107 , 445–450 .

gill , a . c . , bogorodsky , s . v . & mal , a . o . ( 2014 ) gymnoxenisthmus tigrellus , new genus and species of gobioid fish from the red sea ( gobioidei : xenisthmidae ) . zootaxa , 3755 ( 5 ) , 491–495 . urltoken

xenisthmidae - species dictionary - southern africa - interactions - page 1 : ispot nature - your place to share nature . ispot is a website aimed at helping anyone identify anything in nature . once you ' ve registered , you can add an observation to the website and suggest an identification yourself or see if anyone else can identify it for you .

family xenisthmidae lower lip with free ventral margin ; 6 branchiostegal rays . marine , indo - pacific . 6 genera with about 12 species . family microdesmidae ( cerdalidae ) ( wormfishes and dartfishes ) rare , small , eel - like ; chin large , forming pointed end of snout ; 10 genera with about 66 species ; both coasts of tropical americas , …

ty - jour ti - rotuma lewisi , new genus and species of fish from the southwest pacific ( gobioidei , xenisthmidae ) t2 - proceedings of the biological society of washington . vl - 101 ur - urltoken pb - biological society of washington cy - washington , py - 1988 sp - 530 ep - 539 sn - 0006 - 324x au - springer , victor g er -

@ article { bhlpart46420 , title = { rotuma lewisi , new genus and species of fish from the southwest pacific ( gobioidei , xenisthmidae ) } , journal = { proceedings of the biological society of washington . } , volume = { 101 } , copyright = { in copyright . digitized with the permission of the rights holder . } , url = urltoken publisher = { washington , biological society of washington } , author = { springer , victor g } , year = { 1988 } , pages = { 530 - - 539 } , }

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indo - pacific . lower lip with a free ventral margin ; six branchiostegal rays . suggested new common name for this family from ref . 58418 . species are small ( mostly less than 2 . 5 cm sl ) and very secretive ; lives on sand patches adjacent to coral reefs or reef rubble ( ref . 94949 ) .

greek , xenos = strange , rare + greek , isthmia , - on = neck , throat , narrow passage ( ref . 45335 ) .

the list below must not be used as an authority reference synonymy list like those found in scientific published revisions , which must be the source to be used and cited eventually when they exist .

rather , it reflects the current content of fishbase , and the progress with respect to synchronization with the catalog of fishes . however , we think it can be useful for users to assess the quality of information in fishbase , to start new work on the family , or to cross - check with other lists .

but we appreciate to be cited in publications when this list has been of any working value . in particular , for published scientific , we suggest then to cite it in the material and method section as a useful tool to conduct the research , but again , not as a taxonomic or nomenclatural authority reference .

unless it is explicitly precised , the list is not complete , please search all original names published for the family in the catalog of fishes ( genera , species ) , including those with uncertain or unknown status , that are not included in fishbase when they are not attached to a valid species .

this list uses some data from catalog of fishes ( not shown but used to sort names ) .

in the column coff , the digit indicates the status of synchronization with coff : 0 : not checked ; 1 : same status ; 2 : different status ; 3 : other combination ; 4 : synonym in coff ; 5 : species / subspecies issue ; 6 : synonym of another species in coff ; 7 : not in coff ; 8 : should not be in coff . the coff version currently used is the one published on 23 - 07 - 2014 ( ref . 97102 ) .

when subfamilies are recognized , nominotypical subfamily first then other subfamilies by alphabetical order .

type genus of the family first ( or of subfamily when subfamilies are recognized ) then other genera by chronological order of description ( and alphabetical order ) .

type species of the genus first by chronological order ( and alphabetical order ) , with last listed misapplied names in a light gray font .

a family of small secretive gobioid fishes found in the indo - pacific . xenisthmids live in sandy or reef rubble areas near coral reefs . the family includes six genera ; three genera and 7 described species are known from australian waters .

description distribution : indo - pacific . lower lip with a free ventral margin ; six branchiostegal rays . [ details ]

van der laan , r . ; eschmeyer , w . n . ; fricke , r . ( 2014 ) . family - group names of recent fishes . zootaxa . 3882 ( 1 ) : 1 - 230 . , available online at urltoken [ details ] available for editors [ request ]

eschmeyer , w . n . ; fricke , r . ; van der laan , r . ( eds ) . ( 2017 ) . catalog of fishes : genera , species , references . electronic version . , available online at urltoken [ details ]

this is a directory page . britannica does not currently have an article on this topic .

jennifer hammock split the classifications by smithsonian type specimen data from xenisthmus to their own page .

kari pihlaviita added the finnish common name " raitahuulitokko " to " xenisthmus polyzonatus ( klunzinger , 1871 ) " .

eol content is automatically assembled from many different content providers . as a result , from time to time you may find pages on eol that are confusing .

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if you have images for this taxon that you would like to share with atlas of living australia , please upload using the upload tools .

yearsley , g . k . , last , p . r . & morris , g . b . 1997 , " codes for australian aquatic biota ( caab ) : an upgraded and expanded species coding system for australian fisheries databases " , pp . 15 pp . + appendices

urn : lsid : biodiversity . org . au : afd . taxon : f8867163 - de12 - 43a3 - 8c6a - cde36e2b391b

urn : lsid : biodiversity . org . au : afd . taxon : 73d422e0 - 5a8c - 40f8 - ba4f - 5d3ebe94d740

urn : lsid : biodiversity . org . au : afd . name : 279119

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present address : department of parasitic worms , natural history museum , 6 cromwell road , london sw7 5bd , uk .

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gill and hoese , 2004 , rec . aust . mus . 56 ( 2 ) : 241–246

confused by a class within a class or an order within an order ? please see our brief essay .

to cite this page : myers , p . , r . espinosa , c . s . parr , t . jones , g . s . hammond , and t . a . dewey . 2018 . the animal diversity web ( online ) . accessed at https : / / animaldiversity . org .

disclaimer : the animal diversity web is an educational resource written largely by and for college students . adw doesn ' t cover all species in the world , nor does it include all the latest scientific information about organisms we describe . though we edit our accounts for accuracy , we cannot guarantee all information in those accounts . while adw staff and contributors provide references to books and websites that we believe are reputable , we cannot necessarily endorse the contents of references beyond our control .

this material is based upon work supported by the national science foundation grants drl 0089283 , drl 0628151 , due 0633095 , drl 0918590 , and due 1122742 . additional support has come from the marisla foundation , um college of literature , science , and the arts , museum of zoology , and information and technology services .

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macleay museum and school of biological sciences , a12 - macleay building , the university of sydney , new south wales 2006 , australia . ichthyology , australian museum , 6 college street , sydney , new south wales 2010 , australia ; email : anthony . c . gill @ sydney . edu . au .

station of naturalists , omsk , russia ; email : ic187196 @ yandex . ru .

marine biology department , faculty of marine sciences , king abdulaziz university , jeddah , ksa ; email : aomal @ kau . edu . sa .

scientists aim to describe a single ' tree of life ' that reflects the evolutionary relationships of living things . however , evolutionary relationships are a matter of ongoing discovery , and there are different opinions about how living things should be grouped and named . eol reflects these differences by supporting several different scientific ' classifications ' . some species have been named more than once . such duplicates are listed under synonyms . eol also provides support for common names which may vary across regions as well as languages .

anthony c . gill macleay museum and school of life and environmental sciences , a12—macleay building , the university of sydney , new south wales 2006 , australia .

sergey v . bogorodsky senckenberg research institute and natural history museum frankfurt , senckenberganlage 25 , 60325 frankfurt a . m . , germany . station of naturalists , omsk , russia .

ahmad o . mal marine biology department , faculty of marine sciences , king abdulaziz university , jeddah , ksa .

three species of the xenisthmid genus xenisthmus snyder are recorded from the red sea . xenisthmus polyzonatus ( klunzinger ) , the only described species previously known from the red sea , is reported on the basis of eight specimens from egypt , eritrea and saudi arabia . xenisthmus oligoporus new species is described from four specimens , 17 . 7–25 . 0 mm sl , from sudan and saudi arabia . it is distinguished from all other congeners in having a reduced number of cephalic sensory pores and 14–15 segmented rays in the second dorsal fin . xenisthmus balius gill & randall is newly recorded from the red sea on the basis of 13 specimens from eritrea , egypt and saudi arabia . the new specimens of this species are described and compared with previously known specimens , the holotype and eight paratypes from the arabian ( = persian ) gulf . all three species are described in detail and illustrated with colour photographs . an identification key to the species is also provided .

akihito , prince , hayashi , m . & yoshino , t . ( 1984 ) suborder gobioidei . in : masuda , h . , amaoka , k . , araga , c . , uyeno , t . & yoshino , t . ( eds . ) , the fishes of the japanese archipelago . tokai university press , tokyo , pp . 236–289 .

birdsong , r . s . , murdy , e . o . & pezold , f . l . ( 1988 ) a study of the vertebral column and median fin osteology in gobioid fishes with comments on gobioid relationships . bulletin of marine science , 42 , 174–214 .

carpenter , k . e . , krupp , f . , jones , d . a . & zajonz , u . ( 1997 ) fao species identification guide for fishery purposes . the living marine resources of kuwait , eastern saudi arabia , bahrain , qatar and the united arab emirates . fao , rome , 293 pp . , xvii pls .

clark , e . ( 1968 ) israel south red sea expedition , 1962 , reports no . 28 . eleotrid gobies collected during the israel south red sea expedition ( 1962 ) , with a key to the red sea species . bulletin , ministry of agriculture , department of fisheries , sea fisheries research station haifa , 49 , 3–7 .

dor , m . ( 1984 ) checklist of the fishes of the red sea . the israel academy of sciences and humanities , jerusalem , xxi + 427 pp .

golani , d . & bogorodsky , s . v . ( 2010 ) the fishes of the red sea—reappraisal and updated checklist . zootaxa , 2463 , 1–135 .

goren , m . & dor , m . ( 1994 ) an updated checklist of the fishes of the red sea ; clofres ii . israel academy of sciences and humanities , jerusalem , xii + 120 pp .

herre , a . w . c . t . ( 1938 ) luzoneleotris , a new genus of eleotrid fishes from luzon . stanford ichthyological bulletin , 1 , 59–60 .

jordan , d . s . & seale , a . ( 1906 ) the fishes of samoa . description of the species found in the archipelago , with a provisional check - list of the fishes of oceania . bulletin of the bureau of fisheries , 25 , 173–455 .

klunzinger , c . b . ( 1871 ) synopsis der fische des rothen meeres . ii . theil . verhandlungen der k . –k . zoologisch–botanischen gesellschaft in wien , 21 , 441–688 .

randall , j . e . ( 1995 ) coastal fishes of oman . crowford house publishing pty ltd , bathurst , xvi + 439 pp .

saruwatari , t . , lópez , j . a . & pietsch , t . w . ( 1997 ) cyanine blue : a versatile and harmless stain for specimen observation . copeia , 1997 , 840–841 . urltoken

schultz , l . p . , woods , l . p . & lachner , e . a . ( 1966 ) fishes of the marshall and marianas islands . vol . 3 . families kraemeriidae through antennariidae . bulletin of the united states national museum , 202 ( 3 ) , 1–176 .

smith , j . l . b . ( 1958 ) the fishes of the family eleotridae in the western indian ocean . ichthyological bulletin , department of ichthyology , rhodes university , 11 , 137–163 .

snyder , j . o . ( 1908 ) descriptions of eighteen new species and two new genera of fishes from japan and the riu kiu islands . proceedings of the united states national museum , 35 ( 1635 ) , 93–111 .

taylor , w . r . & van dyke , g . c . ( 1985 ) revised procedures for staining and clearing small fishes and other vertebrates for bone and cartilage study . cybium , 9 , 107–119 .

whitley , g . p . ( 1933 ) studies in ichthyology . no . 7 . records of the australian museum , 19 , 60–112 . urltoken


junonia ansorgei , or ansorge 's leaf butterfly , is a butterfly in the nymphalidae family .

it is found in cameroon , the eastern part of the democratic republic of the congo , southern ethiopia , uganda , western kenya , western tanzania and zambia .

it is generally found in dense forests .

junonia ansorgei

junonia ansorgei <EOT> junonia ansorgei ( rothschild , 1899 ) = kallima ansorgei rothschild , 1899 = kallima incerta grünberg , 1908 = kamilla ansorgei .

junonia ansorgei ; ypm ent 412397 ; africa ; belgian congo ; mt . hoyo ; sidney a . hessel ; 1960 - 04 - 03

junonia ansorgei ; ypm ent 412395 ; africa ; belgian congo ; beni , ituri forest ; sidney a . hessel ; 1960 - 04 - 01

ent . 412395 : junonia ansorgei digital image : yale peabody museum of natural history ; photo by p . shamble , 2011 metadata updated : 7 mar 2018 03 : 16 : 45

melanitis ansorgei ; ypm ent 407406 ; africa ; belgian congo ; beni , ituri forest ; gowan c . clark ; 1947 - 05

melanitis ansorgei ; ypm ent 407403 ; africa ; belgian congo ; beni , ituri forest ; gowan c . clark ; 1947 - 08

melanitis ansorgei ; ypm ent 814194 ; africa ; belgian congo ; beni , ituri forest ; ( now democratic republic of the congo ) ; gowan c . clark

melanitis ansorgei ; ypm ent 407405 ; africa ; belgian congo ; beni , ituri forest ; ( now democratic republic of the congo ) ; gowan c . clark

? junonia evarete ssp . ; lamas , ms , [ nl4a ] , # 2053j

? junonia evarete ssp . ; neild , ms , [ nl4a ] , # 2053k

junonia hierta hierta ; [ bmp ] : 160 , pl . 23 , f . 10

junonia atlites atlites ; [ bmp ] : 159 , pl . 23 , f . 7

junonia almana javana ; [ bmp ] : 160 , pl . 23 , f . 9

junonia wallacei distant , 1883 ; rhopalocera malayana : 95 , pl . 11 , f . 3 - 4

junonia swinhoei butler , 1885 ; ann . mag . nat . hist . ( 5 ) 16 : 309

junonia livia fruhstorfer , 1912 ; ent . rundschau 29 ( 2 ) : 15 ; tl : bolivia , illimani

junonia orithya sumatrana fruhstorfer , 1906 ; wiener ent . ztg 25 ( 10 ) : 358 ; tl : sumatra

junonia orithya baweana fruhstorfer , 1906 ; wiener ent . ztg 25 ( 10 ) : 358 ; tl : bawean

junonia orithya minusculus fruhstorfer , 1906 ; wiener ent . ztg 25 ( 10 ) : 359 ; tl : sumba

junonia orithya orthosia ; vane - wright & de jong , 2003 , zool . verh . leiden 343 : 210

junonia orithya kuehni ; vane - wright & de jong , 2003 , zool . verh . leiden 343 : 210

junonia orithya saleyra ; vane - wright & de jong , 2003 , zool . verh . leiden 343 : 210

junonia orithya kontinentalis ; vane - wright & de jong , 2003 , zool . verh . leiden 343 : 210

junonia atlites acera ; vane - wright & de jong , 2003 , zool . verh . leiden 343 : 209

junonia erigone gardineri ; vane - wright & de jong , 2003 , zool . verh . leiden 343 : 210

junonia timorensis kucil ; vane - wright & de jong , 2003 , zool . verh . leiden 343 : 210

junonia hedonia intermedia ; vane - wright & de jong , 2003 , zool . verh . leiden 343 : 209

junonia hedonia teurnia ; vane - wright & de jong , 2003 , zool . verh . leiden 343 : 209

junonia orithya var . neopommerana ribbe , 1898 ; dt . ent . z . iris 11 ( 1 ) : 116

= junonia hedonia intermedia ; vane - wright & de jong , 2003 , zool . verh . leiden 343 : 209

junonia orithya metion fruhstorfer , 1906 ; wiener ent . ztg 25 ( 10 ) : 358 ; tl : n . borneo

junonia almana battana fruhstorfer , 1906 ; wiener ent . ztg 25 ( 10 ) : 353 ; tl : sulawesi , patunuang

junonia lemonias lemonias ; [ bor ] , 277 ; [ bmp ] : 159 , pl . 23 , f . 8

junonia iona grose - smith , 1894 ; novit . zool . 1 ( 2 ) : 349 ; tl : new guinea

junonia albicincta butler , 1875 ; trans . ent . soc . lond . 1875 ( 1 ) : 5 ; tl : queensland

junonia terea ; [ bk ] , 347 , pl . 49 , f . 609 ; [ wahlberg ] ; [ afrl ]

junonia timorensis ; vane - wright & de jong , 2003 , zool . verh . leiden 343 : 210 ; [ wahlberg ]

? junonia nigralis forbes , [ 1929 ] ; j . n . y . ent . soc . 36 ( 4 ) : 312

junonia orithya wallacei ; [ bor ] , 278 ; [ bmp ] : 160 , pl . 23 , f . 11 - 12

junonia erigone leucophora fruhstorfer , 1903 ; dt . ent . z . iris 15 ( 2 ) : 313 ; tl : trobriand is .

junonia orithya celebensis ; [ bor ] , 278 ; vane - wright & de jong , 2003 , zool . verh . leiden 343 : 210

junonia oenone oenone ; [ bafr ] , 228 ; [ bk ] : 345 , pl . 49 , f . 601 ; [ afrl ]

junonia hierta cebrene ; [ bafr ] , 228 ; [ bk ] : 345 , pl . 49 , f . 602 ; [ afrl ]

junonia westermanni suffusa ; [ bafr ] , 228 ; [ bk ] : 345 , pl . 49 , f . 603 ; [ afrl ]

junonia natalica natalica ; [ bafr ] , 230 ; [ bk ] , 347 , pl . 49 , f . 608 ; [ afrl ]

junonia almana battana ; [ bor ] , 279 ; vane - wright & de jong , 2003 , zool . verh . leiden 343 : 209

precis erigone himera fruhstorfer , 1915 ; in seitz , gross - schmett . erde 9 : 746 ( repl . junonia tristis miskin , 1891 )

junonia evarete lima forbes , [ 1929 ] ; j . n . y . ent . soc . 36 ( 4 ) : 315 ; tl : peru

junonia vestina c . & r . felder , [ 1867 ] ; reise fregatte novara , bd 2 ( abth . 2 ) ( 3 ) : 398

junonia iphita horsfieldi ; [ bor ] , 279 ; [ mrs ] , 580 ; [ bmp ] : 159 , pl . 23 , f . 3

junonia gregorii butler , [ 1896 ] ; proc . zool . soc . lond . 1895 : 726 , pl . 42 , f . 7 - 8

junonia antigone c . & r . felder , [ 1867 ] ; reise fregatte novara , bd 2 ( abth . 2 ) ( 3 ) : 398

junonia orithyia [ sic ] var . novae guineae hagen , 1897 ; jarhb . nass . ver . nat . 50 : 85 ; tl : german new guinea

junonia artaxia ; [ bafr ] , 230 ; [ bk ] : 346 , pl . 49 , f . 604 ; [ wahlberg ] ; [ afrl ]

junonia hedonia ; [ bor ] , 278 ; vane - wright & de jong , 2003 , zool . verh . leiden 343 : 209 ; [ wahlberg ]

junonia sophia infracta ; [ bafr ] , 229 ( text ) ; [ bk ] , 346 , pl . 49 , f . 605 ; [ afrl ]

junonia chorimene ; [ bafr ] , 231 ; [ bk ] : 347 , pl . 49 , f . 607 ; [ wahlberg ] ; [ afrl ]

junonia erigone ; [ bor ] , 277 ; vane - wright & de jong , 2003 , zool . verh . leiden 343 : 210 ; [ wahlberg ]

junonia genoveva vivida forbes , [ 1929 ] ; j . n . y . ent . soc . 36 ( 4 ) : 311 ; tl : guyana , surinam

junonia villida ; [ bor ] , 277 ; [ wahlberg ] ; vane - wright & tennent , 2011 , syst . biodiv . 9 ( 4 ) : 290

junonia asterie var . nikobariensis felder , 1862 ; verh . zool . - bot . ges . wien 12 ( 1 / 2 ) : 482 ; tl : nicobar

junonia ( kallimini ) ; [ madl ] ; vane - wright & de jong , 2003 , zool . verh . leiden 343 : 208 ; [ nl4a ] , 251

junonia asterie var . sumbae doherty , 1891 ; j . asiat . soc . bengal 60 pt . ii ( 2 ) : 172 ; tl : sumba ; sumbawa ?

junonia constricta c . & r . felder , [ 1867 ] ; reise fregatte novara , bd 2 ( abth . 2 ) ( 3 ) : 400 ; tl : bogota

junonia incarnata c . & r . felder , [ 1867 ] ; reise fregatte novara , bd 2 ( abth . 2 ) ( 3 ) : 400 ; tl : colombia

junonia evarete evarete ; brown & mielke , 1967 , j . lep . soc . 21 ( 2 ) ( 2 ) : 98 ; [ wahlberg ] ; [ nl4a ] , # 2053a

junonia atlites ; [ bor ] , 278 ; [ mrs ] , 579 ; vane - wright & de jong , 2003 , zool . verh . leiden 343 : 209 ; [ wahlberg ]

precis erigone f . celebensis butler , 1901 ; ann . mag . nat . hist . ( 7 ) 8 : 214 ( preocc . junonia orithya celebensis staudinger , 1888 ) ; tl : celebes

junonia hedonia ida ; [ bmp ] : 159 , pl . 23 , f . 2 ; [ bor ] , 278 ; vane - wright & de jong , 2003 , zool . verh . leiden 343 : 209

junonia coenia ; dyar , 1903 , bull . u . s . nat . mus . 52 : 24 ; [ nacl ] , # 4440 ; [ opler ] ; [ wahlberg ] ; [ nl4a ] , # 2052

junonia vestina livia ; [ wahlberg ] ; [ nl4a ] , # 2055b ; benyamini , ugarte , shapiro , mielke , pyrcz & bálint , 2014 , bol . mus . nac . hist . nat . chile 63 : 20 ( list )

junonia oenone ; wood - mason & de nicéville , 1881 , j . asiat . soc . bengal 49 pt . ii ( 4 ) : 227 ; moore , [ 1881 ] , lepid . ceylon 1 ( 2 ) : 42 , pl . 22 , f . 3 , 3a ; [ wahlberg ] ; [ afrl ]

junonia lemonias ; moore , 1878 , proc . zool . soc . lond . 1878 ( 4 ) : 828 ; moore , [ 1881 ] , lepid . ceylon 1 ( 2 ) : 41 , pl . 21 , f . 3 , 3a ; [ bor ] , 277 ; [ mrs ] , 579 ; [ wahlberg ]

junonia almana ; moore , 1878 , proc . zool . soc . lond . 1878 ( 4 ) : 828 ; wood - mason & de nicéville , 1881 , j . asiat . soc . bengal 49 pt . ii ( 4 ) : 227 ; [ bor ] , 279 ; [ mrs ] , 577 ; vane - wright & de jong , 2003 , zool . verh . leiden 343 : 209 ; [ wahlberg ]

junonia orithya ; moore , 1878 , proc . zool . soc . lond . 1878 ( 4 ) : 828 ; moore , [ 1881 ] , lepid . ceylon 1 ( 2 ) : 41 , pl . 22 , f . 1a - b ; [ bor ] , 278 ; [ mrs ] , 578 ; vane - wright & de jong , 2003 , zool . verh . leiden 343 : 210 ; [ wahlberg ] ; [ afrl ]

s . usa , california , maryland , kansas , bermuda , mexico , . . . ? . see [ maps ]

432x343 ( ~ 36kb ) usa : ann arbor , michigan , may 1999 , photo © christopher a . rickards

1300x1034 ( ~ 163kb ) usa : n . shore of shasta lake , siskiyou co . , ca , 29 . 7 . 2005 , photo © markku savela

1300x1017 ( ~ 187kb ) underside usa : n . shore of shasta lake , siskiyou co . , ca , 29 . 7 . 2005 , photo © markku savela

1400x1095 ( ~ 260kb ) upperside usa : lepsoc field trip to patagonia region , santa cruz co . , arizona , 2 . 8 . 2005 , photo © markku savela

1104x780 ( ~ 163kb ) upperside usa : alabama , 4 . 5 . 2003 , photo © vitaly charny

967x1081 ( ~ 121kb ) underside usa : alabama , 4 . 5 . 2003 , photo © vitaly charny

1400x1050 ( ~ 174kb ) upperside usa : alabama , 12 . 8 . 2004 , photo © vitaly charny

1265x1126 ( ~ 183kb ) underside usa : alabama , 16 . 8 . 2004 , photo © vitaly charny

2048x1360 ( ~ 317kb ) upperside usa : alabama , 15 . 10 . 2005 , photo © vitaly charny

400x463 ( ~ 31kb ) usa , texas , grapevine , 15 - 18 . 6 . 1996 , photo © tero piirainen

hispaniola , puerto rico , trinidad , guatemala , costa rica , panama . see [ maps ]

papilio genoveva cramer , [ 1780 ] ; uitl . kapellen 4 ( 25 - 26a ) : pl . 290 , f . e , f ; tl : surinam

madagascar , tropical africa ( dry ) , arabia , india , ceylon , burma , new guinea , n . australia . see [ maps ]

1024x768 ( ~ 111kb ) male female funaura , iriomote , ryukyu , japan , 4 - 95 , photo © s . shuichi haupt

1024x768 ( ~ 64kb ) upperside male funaura , iriomote , ryukyu , japan , 4 - 95 , photo © s . shuichi haupt

larva on justicia procumbens , j . micrantha , lepidagathis prostrata , ipomoea batatas , antirrhinum majus , striga asatica [ mrs ] , antirrhinum , thunbergia alata [ baur ] , hygrophila [ bmp ]

larva on angelonia salicariifolia , antirrhinum sp . , buchnera linearis , asystasia gangetica , a . scandens , hypoestes floribunda , hygrophila salicifolia , justicia sp . , pseuderanthemum variabile , p . sp . , rostellularia adscendens glaucoviolacea , thunbergia alata k . l . & l . e . dunn , 1991 , review austr . butts . ( 1 - 4 ) : ( 120 - 140 )

larva on acanthus , asystasia , barleria , brunoniella , hygrophila , hypoestes , justicia , lepidagathis ? , pseuderanthemum , rostellularia , ipomoea , engelastrum , plectranthus , plantago , angelonia , antirrhinum , buchnera , misopates , scrophularia , striga , thunbergia vane - wright & de jong , 2003 , zool . verh . leiden 343 : 210

orithya patenas ( fruhstorfer , 1912 ) ( precis [ ? ] ) ; in seitz , gross - schmett . erde 9 : 523 ; tl : ceylon

precis orithya hainanensis fruhstorfer , 1912 ; in seitz , gross - schmett . erde 9 : 522

1172x885 ( ~ 128kb ) upperside male thailand , chon buri province , pattaya environs , ko lan island , ruderal vegeation at a roadside . 15th january 2006 , photo © oleg kosterin

orithya leucasia ( fruhstorfer , 1912 ) ( precis ) ; in seitz , gross - schmett . erde 9 : 523 ; tl : luzon

orithya celebensis staudinger , [ 1888 ] ² ; in staudinger & schatz , exot . schmett . 1 ( 10 ) : 98 , ( 8 ) pl . 37

precis orithya eutychia fruhstorfer , 1912 ; in seitz , gross - schmett . erde 9 : 523

orithya palea ( fruhstorfer , 1912 ) ( precis ) ; in seitz , gross - schmett . erde 9 : 524

precis orithya madagascariensis ab . punctella strand , 1915 ; arch . naturgescb . 80 a ( 10 ) : 105

larva on hygrophila sp . [ pbsa ] , barleria , convolvulus , lippia , plantago [ bk ]

orithya saleyra ( fruhstorfer , 1912 ) ( precis ) ; in seitz , gross - schmett . erde 9 : 524 ; tl : saleyer

iunonia orithya kontinentalis martin , 1920 ; tidschr . ent . 63 : 157 ; tl : n . celebes

orithya marcella ( hulstaert , 1923 ) ( precis ) ; ann . mag . nat . hist . ( 9 ) 12 ( 68 ) : 232 ; tl : new guinea

precis orithya cheesmani riley , 1925 ; ann . mag . nat . hist . ( 9 ) 15 : 151

vanessa epiclelia boisduval , 1833 ; faun . ent . madagascar , lépid . : 44 , pl . 7 , f . 3

australia , tasmania , samoa , solomon is . , new hebrides . see [ maps ]

= ; vane - wright & tennent , 2011 , syst . biodiv . 9 ( 4 ) : 290

larva on plantago , centaurium australis , antirrhinum , convolvulus valsinoidi , verbena [ baur ] , paspalum dilatatum , portulaca oleracea , centaurium minus , c . spicatum , evolvulus alsinoides , verbena bonariensis , v . sp . , antirrhinum sp . , russelia equisetiformis , veronica repens , plantago lanceolata , p . spp . , goodenia sp . , scaevola aemula , arctotheca calendula , epaltes australis , ruellia spp . ? k . l . & l . e . dunn , 1991 , review austr . butts . ( 1 - 4 ) : ( 120 - 140 )

india , ceylon , burma , cambodia - w . china , s . china , andaman , nicobar . see [ maps ]

ab . demaculata ( neustetter , 1916 ) ( precis ) ; dt . ent . z . iris 30 ( 2 - 3 ) : 99

769x513 ( ~ 188kb ) upperside thailand , krabi 24 . 12 . 2003 - 7 . 1 . 2004 , photo © olli vesikko

753x957 ( ~ 98kb ) underside thailand , chanthaburi , khao - kitchakut national park , the park at the headquarters . 4th january 2006 , photo © oleg kosterin

713x867 ( ~ 72kb ) underside thailand , chanthaburi , khao - kitchakut national park , the park at the headquarters . 4th january 2006 , photo © oleg kosterin

689x765 ( ~ 81kb ) upperside thailand , chanthaburi , khao - kitchakut national park , the park at the headquarters . 4th january 2006 , photo © oleg kosterin

753x641 ( ~ 57kb ) upperside cambodia , siem reap , angkor wat . 8th january 2006 , photo © oleg kosterin

967x834 ( ~ 78kb ) upperside cambodia , siem reap , angkor wat . 8th january 2006 , photo © oleg kosterin

681x857 ( ~ 59kb ) underside cambodia , siem reap , angkor wat . 8th january 2006 , photo © oleg kosterin

: pl . 150 , f . 16 ( text only ) [ missp . of

1112x1069 ( ~ 504kb ) female ethiopia , amhara , a blue nile right bank at the bridge of the road addis ababa - bahir dar , 1100 m a . s . l . 31st july 2012 , photo © oleg kosterin

precis magna evans , 1926 ; j . bombay nat . hist . soc . 31 ( 3 ) : 715

precis westermanni suffusa rothschild & jordan , 1903 ; novit . zool . 10 ( 3 ) : 513 ; tl : kikuyu escarpment

precis westermanni splendens schmidt , 1921 ; dt . ent . z . iris 35 ( 1 / 2 ) : 34

rhodesia , moçambique , angola - e . africa , w . kenya ( lake victoria ) . see [ maps ]

moçambique ? , madagascar , comoro , mascarene , astove . see [ maps ]

ceylon , s . india , c . india , himalayas , ne . india , burma , sumatra , w . china , s . china . see [ maps ]

precis iphita ab . pullus murayama , 1961 ; tyô to ga 11 ( 4 ) : 57 , f . 8 , 13 ; tl : poli , formosa

769x514 ( ~ 115kb ) upperside thailand , krabi 24 . 12 . 2003 - 7 . 1 . 2004 , photo © olli vesikko

precis iphita pluviatilis fruhstorfer , 1900 ; berl . ent . zs . 45 ( 1 / 2 ) : 22 ; tl : malabar ; ceylon

606x800 ( ~ 158kb ) underside thailand , phuket , a bank of a pond at a road 1 km ne of khao sai tan kliang mt . , 18th february 2009 , photo © oleg kosterin

869x800 ( ~ 236kb ) underside thailand , phuket , the khao phra theo national park , the lower reaches of bang pae brook . 19th february 2009 , photo © oleg kosterin

precis hopfferi möschler , 1872 ; stettin ent . ztg 33 ( 7 - 9 ) : 337 ; tl : silhet

precis iphita tosca fruhstorfer , 1900 ; berl . ent . zs . 45 ( 1 / 2 ) : 22 ; tl : sumatra ; borneo

precis iphita var . ( ? ) adelaida staudinger , 1889 ; dt . ent . z . iris 2 ( 1 ) : 51 ; tl : palawan

precis iphita cebara fruhstorfer , 1912 ; in seitz , gross - schmett . erde 9 : 517

larva on hemigraphis alternata , hygrophila salicifolia k . l . & l . e . dunn , 1991 , review austr . butts . ( 1 - 4 ) : ( 120 - 140 ) , blechum , hemigraphis , hygrophila , ruellia vane - wright & de jong , 2003 , zool . verh . leiden 343 : 209

precis seitzi corbet , 1937 ; proc . r . ent . soc . lond . ( b ) 6 ( 5 ) : 100

precis hedonia apollonia fruhstorfer , 1906 ; wiener ent . ztg 25 ( 10 ) : 351 ; tl : sumbawa , flores

precis hellanis c . & r . felder , [ 1867 ] ; reise fregatte novara , bd 2 ( abth . 2 ) ( 3 ) : 402 , n . 601

precis hedonia numana fruhstorfer , 1912 ; in seitz , gross - schmett . erde 9 : 518 ; tl : obi

precis hedonia thero fruhstorfer , 1912 ; in seitz , gross - schmett . erde 9 : 518

aru , kai , misool , waigeu , northern territory , cape york - brisbane , west irian - papua , bismarck archipelago , solomon is .

papilio zelima fabricius , 1775 ; syst . ent . : 492 ; tl : nova hollandia

larva on hygrophila salicifolia dunn , 1995 , victorian ent . 25 ( 5 ) : ( sankowsky , 1975 )

precis hedonia admiralitatis rothschild , 1915 ; novit . zool . 22 ( 2 ) : 203 ; tl : manus , admiralty islands

precis hedonia iwasakii matsumura , 1915 ; ent . mag . kyoto 1 ( 2 ) : ?

precis hedonia parvipuncta howarth , 1962 ; the natural history of the rennell and bellona is . ( 4 ) : 70

precis hedonia kangeana kalis , 1933 ; tijdschr . ent . 76 ( 1 - 2 ) : 57 ; tl : tambajangan , kangean

uganda , w . tanzania , kenya ( highlands ) . see [ maps ]

zaire , angola - uganda , ethiopia , kenya , tanzania , malawi , n . zambia

precis tereoides butler , 1901 ; ann . mag . nat . hist . ( 7 ) 8 : 211 ; tl : e . africa

precis terea fumata rothschild & jordan , 1903 ; novit . zool . 10 ( 3 ) : 518 ; tl : gillet mtns

natal , swaziland , transvaal , moçambique , rhodesia , malawi , zambia , s . zaire , angola , coast ( e . tanzania , e . kenya )

vanessa goudoti boisduval , 1833 ; faun . ent . madagascar , lépid . : 45 , n . 5 , pl . 7 , f . 1

natal , zululand , swaziland , transvaal , moçambique , rhodesia - kenya . see [ maps ]

precis natalica var . schmidti knoch , 1927 ; int . ent . z . 21 : 24

natal , mozambique , rhodesia , zambia , malawi , tanzania , e . kenya , c . kenya

precis natalica angolensis rothschild , 1918 ; novit . zool . 25 : 345 ; tl : angola

senegal - sudan , ugdanda , w . kenya , ethiopia . see [ maps ]

1180x918 ( ~ 228kb ) ethiopia , amhara , lake hayk bank . 7th august 2012 , photo © oleg kosterin

874x910 ( ~ 211kb ) ethiopia , amhara , lake hayk bank . 7th august 2012 , photo © oleg kosterin

1224x918 ( ~ 264kb ) ethiopia , amhara , lake hayk bank . 7th august 2012 , photo © oleg kosterin

1072x920 ( ~ 291kb ) ethiopia , amhara , hayk town environs . 6th august 2012 , photo © oleg kosterin

1082x1109 ( ~ 294kb ) underside ethiopia , amhara , a rapidous brook , blue nile right tributary just upstream the bridge of the road addis ababa - bahir dar , 1100 m a . s . l . 1st august 2012 , photo © oleg kosterin

ne . india , himalayas ( foot ) , peninsular india ( wetter regions ) , ceylon , burma . see [ maps ]

640x480 ( ~ 115kb ) upperside thailand , krabi 24 . 12 . 2003 - 7 . 1 . 2004 , photo © olli vesikko

larva on asteracantha longifolia , barleria , alternanthera philoxeroides , hygrophila lancea , h . salicifolia [ mrs ] , asteracantha , barleria , blechum , hygrophila , justicia , nelsonia , pseuderanthemum , strobilanthes , achyranthes , alternanthera , oryza , lindernia , phyla vane - wright & de jong , 2003 , zool . verh . leiden 343 : 209

precis atlites acera fruhstorfer , 1912 ; in seitz , gross - schmett . erde 9 : 519 ; tl : celebes

ceylon , india , burma , malaysia , java , sumatra , formosa , philippines , hong kong , andaman , nicoban . see [ maps ]

precis almana asterie ab . liquefactus murayama , 1961 ; tyô to ga 11 ( 4 ) : 57 , f . 17 , 23 ; tl : poli , formosa

680x878 ( ~ 52kb ) thailand , chon buri province , a small pool at the lake at bang phra . 1st february 2005 , photo © oleg kosterin

1031x880 ( ~ 89kb ) underside thailand , chon buri province , a small pool at the lake at bang phra . 1st february 2005 , photo © oleg kosterin

larva on acanthaceae [ bow ] , asteracantha longifolia , hygrophila lancea , barleria spp . , osbeckia spp . , alternanthera philoxeroides , vandellia ciliata , v . anagallis , antirrhinum majus , plantago asiatica , p . major [ mrs ] , acanthus , asteracantha , barleria , blechum , hemigraphis , hygrophila , ruellia , strobilanthes , alternanthera , mimosa , gloxinia , osbeckia , ludwigia , plantago , antirrhinum , bonnaya , ilysanthes , lindernia , mimulus , lippia , phyla , stachytarpheta ? vane - wright & de jong , 2003 , zool . verh . leiden 343 : 209

ceylon , himalayas , assam , bengal , s . india , c . india , saurashtra , burma . see [ maps ]

711x594 ( ~ 126kb ) upperside thailand , chon buri province , pattaya , a chain of muddy pools behind the chain of hitels along the jomtien beach . 25th january 2005 , photo © oleg kosterin

1098x906 ( ~ 123kb ) underside thailand , chon buri province , pattaya environs , ko khram island , a spiny bamboo forest at a beach . 2nd february 2005 , photo © oleg kosterin

993x829 ( ~ 108kb ) underside thailand , chon buri province , pattaya , a small grassy swamp with cattail and reed , surrounded by trees , at the jomtien beach , between b . o . guesthouse and jomtien metro condotel , 15th january , 2006 , photo © oleg kosterin

precis lemonias vaisya fruhstorfer , 1912 ; in seitz , gross - schmett . erde 9 : 520

precis lemonias aenaria fruhstorfer , 1912 ; in seitz , gross - schmett . erde 9 : 520

precis expansa butler , 1883 ; proc . zool . soc . lond . 1883 : 367 ; tl : larat

precis erigone tegea fruhstorfer , 1912 ; in seitz , gross - schmett . erde 9 : 521

precis erigone wetterensis strand , 1916 ; lepidoptera niepeltiana ( 2 ) : 7 , pl . 14 , f . 5 ; tl : wetter i .

timorensis cibota ( fruhstorfer , 1912 ) ( precis ) ; in seitz , gross - schmett . erde 9 : 521 ; tl : sumba i .

precis adulatrix fruhstorfer , 1905 ; berl . ent . zs . 49 ( sb ) : 7 ; tl : sumba

precis hedonia teurnia fruhstorfer , 1912 ; in seitz , gross - schmett . erde 9 : 518

? obscurata ball , 1932 ² ; bull . soc . ent . belg . 72 : 54

cameroons - uganda , zaire , uganda , tanzania , w . kenya , ethiopia . see [ maps ]

kallima cymodice ; [ bow ] : pl . 104 , f . 12 ( spell . ? )

kallima cymododoce var . lugens schultze , 1912 ; ent . rundsch . 29 ( 14 ) : 92 ; tl : kamerun

precis africana richelmann , 1913 ; int . ent . z . 7 : 106

precis schmiedeli fiedler , 1920 ; dt . ent . z . iris 34 ( 1 / 2 ) : 53 ; tl : kamerun

checklist of afrotropical papilionoidea and hesperoidea ; compiled by mark c . williams , 7th ed . ( 2008 ) ( april 2007 ) ;

butterflies of north america . 2 . scientific names list for butterfly species of north america , north of mexico .

[ ² ] this may require parentheses or not . i don ' t have the necessary information for this taxon .

lépidoptéres des provinces chinoises sé - tchouen et kam recueillis , en 1893 , par m - r g . n . potaine in romanoff ,

an updated list of the butterflies of chile ( lepidoptera , papilionoidea and hesperioidea ) including distribution , flight period and conservation status . part i , comprising the families : papilionidae , pieridae , nympalidae ( in part ) and hesperiidae . describing a new species of hypsochila ( pieridae ) and a new subspecies of yramea modesta ( nymphalidae )

lepidoptera aus dem amazonasgebiete und aus peru gesammelt von dr . douglas melin und dr . abraham roman

list of lepidoptera collected by mr . h . o . forbes in the islands of timor laut

on a collection of lepidoptera made at manipur and on the borders of assam by dr . george watt

on lepidoptera recently collected in british east africa by mr . g . f . scott elliot

the butterflies of the malay peninsula . fourth edition revised by j . n . eliot with plates by bernard d ' abrera

the genera of diurnal lepidoptera , comprising their generic characters , a notice of their habitats and transformations , and a catalogue of the species of each genus ; illustrated with 86 plates by w . c . hewitson

review of australian butterflies : distribution , life history and taxonomy . pushlished by authors , melbourne

reise der österreichischen fregatte novara um die erde in den jahren 1857 , 1858 , 1859 unter den behilfen des commodore b . von wüllerstorf - urbair . zoologischer theil . band 2 . abtheilung 2 . lepidoptera . rhopalocera

rhopalocera bazilana . verzeichniss der von w . doherty auf der insel bazilan gesammelten tagfalter

verzeichniss der von herrn dr . theodor koch - grünberg am oberen waupes 1903 - 1905 gesammelten rhopaloceren mit besprechung verwandter arten

biologia centrali - americana . rhopalocera . vol . 1 . ( 1879 - 1886 )

from new guinea ( parts i - iii ) - made by mr . w . doherty at humboldt bay , dutch new guinea , and in neighbouring islands , in the museum of the honourable walter rothschild at tring , with descriptions of new species

lépidoptéres de madagascar . in vinson . voyage a madagascar au couronnement de radama ii . in vinson ,

illustrations of new species of exotic butterflies selected chiefly from the collections of w . wilson saunders and william c . hewitson

lepidoptera of the congo . being a systematic list of the butterflies and moths collected by the american museum of natural history congo expedition together with descriptions of some hitherto undescribed species

sammlung exotischer schmetterlinge , vol . 2 ( [ 1819 ] - [ 1827 ] )

systema naturae per regna tria naturae , secundum clases , ordines , genera , species , cum characteribus , differentiis , symonymis , locis . tomis i . 10th edition

systema naturae per regna tria naturae , secundum classes , ordines , . . . . editio duocecima reformata . tom . 1 . part ii .

note on a collection of lepidoptera from s . e . new guinea in blue book ,

a list of the lepidopterous insects collected by mr . ossian limborg in upper tenasserim , with descriptions of new species

lepidopteren von den samoainseln . in : botanische und zoologische ergebnisse einer wissenschaftlichen forschungsreise nach den samoainseln , dem neuguinea - archipel und den salomonsinseln von märz bis dezember 1905

list of the butterflies collected in arabia by captain r . e . cheesman , with a description of one new subspecies

on the lepidoptera in the tring museum sent by mr . a . s . meek from the admiralty islands , dampier and vulcan islands

neue afrikanische pierididen und nymphalididen gesammelt von herrn prof . dr . j . vosseler

neue rhopaloceren aus ost afrika . ergebnisse der nyassa - see - un kenya - gebirgs - expedition der hermann und elise geb . heckmann - wentzel - stiftung

rhopalocera africae australis ; a catalogue of south african butterflies : comprising descriptions of all the known species . . .

notes on butterflies collected by j . h . bowker , esq . , in basuto - land , south africa ; with descriptions of some new species

south - african butterflies : a monograph of the extra - tropical species . vol . 1

contribution à l ' étude des lépidoptères d ' abyssinie ( pt . 1 , rhopalocères )

if you have corrections , comments or information to add into these pages , just send mail to markku savela keep in mind that the taxonomic information is copied from various sources , and may include many inaccuracies . expert help is welcome .

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( new for mbogi , male f . alcippina but with an unusual amount of black on the hws )

well , there you go ! if you ' d like to see photos of any of the non - illustrated species , let me know , i ' ll be glad to post them over the next few days . and thanks to anyone able to help me with those few ids !

thank you tom for sharing i would like to see the cymothoe herminia when you have time . . . a + , michel

tom , i ' d like to understand your photography system . you have perfect pictures and i can guess some " threads " ( " fil " en francais ) behind the specimens . do you use photoshop ( or another software ) to work on your pictures or do you really obtain this perfectly white background ?

i would like to see the cymothoe herminia when you have time . . .

here you go ! one of my favourite species . too bad about the strange tear at the base of the fw . . . though it leaves me wondering how it might have happened ?

you have perfect pictures and i can guess some " threads " ( " fil " en francais ) behind the specimens .

the whole process is really simple actually . you can see my set - up in a previous post here :

first , i followed advice given and am using the manual white balance setting on my camera ( this makes post - processing a lot easier ) .

second , i ' ve switched from white thread to clear fishing line . clear fishing line is almost invisible behind lighter coloured specimens , whereas the white thread created noticeable lines in the images .

since i don ' t have a stand to hold my camera steady , i usually snap 3 to 5 pictures of each side of a specimen , then once transferred to my computer , sort through them to pick out the clearest / sharpest results .

unfortunately , this method does not immediately give the pure white background . usually , i get a light greyish - blue background , but after a bit more white balancing ( if needed ) , and slight brightening ( if needed ) , i use photoshop ' s wand and lasso tools to cut out the background and replace it with white .

your picture of the falcuna specimen has disappeared which was one that i was going to try and help you to identify .

in the meantime i have narrowed down the pentila to possibly p umangiana aurivillius . there seems to be several subspecies of this and berger suggests two might be in the ituri area ssp : umangiana aurivillius and ssp : connectens hulstaert , although the latter is listed as south and east of ituri so this may be your specimen . i have taken a picture of the relevant drawer in my collection which may be of assistance though i do not have a specimen from kivu . p umangiana is in column 8 .

for anyone interested further in this very attractive genus of butterflies this is the second drawer showing further species , again they are all from various countries in africa .

the falcuna reappeared for a brief time and after a quick look it may be a male of f orientalis bwamba stempffer and bennett . see f orientalis orientalis bethune - baker in column 3 .

i think your id is possible ( marginal / submarginal hw verso markings are good matches ) . though , i do have a specimen of

from haut - uele and the verso hw is not this heavily marked . . . in fact , it ' s quite close to

subspecies . . . though given their ranges that doesn ' t quite make sense .

. the verso hw pattern seems to match , while all the other similar species i ' ve looked at have an extra row of black dots .

could be found in close proximity in ituri . in his plate the nominate is just so lightly marked compares to

. . . it doesn ' t make sense to me . at any rate , from the picture you ' ve posted and berger ' s plate , it would seem to me that the closest ( at least visually ) is actually ssp .

. this would be entirely out of range . . . and would only work if

this morning b aurora , m continua and another one are missing , but the falcuna photo is present . this situation changes each time i log on , nearly always one or two of this post of yours is absent , strange !

there always seems to be a degree of variability in lesser known species probably because fewer specimens are available compared to larger more showy species . as more collecting is carried out in new collecting zones then surely a better picture of what is what will emerge . the latest revision of celaenorrhinus is a case in point , and even then there are those who would want to argue that this is not complete ! will we ever know for certain ?

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species catalog enables to sort by characteristics such as expansion , flight time , etc . .