the big-scale sand smelt ( atherina boyeri ) is a species of fish in the atherinidae family .

it is a euryhaline amphidromous fish , up to 20 cm in length .

big - scale sand smelt

big - scale sand smelt <EOT> video : a flock of big - scale sand smelt ( atherina boyeri ) . ~ # 63053144

big - scale sand smelt ( atherina boyeri ) : in the water column , extreme close - up .

several fish big - scale sand smelt ( atherina boyeri ) swim on background of sandy bottom , medium shot .

several fish big - scale sand smelt ( atherina boyeri ) float on a background of the sandy bottom , medium shot .

big - scale sand smelt , atherina boyeri , looking for small benthic crustacean and molluscs . picture from malta , mediterranean sea

several fish big - scale sand smelt ( atherina boyeri ) swim against the background of a sandy bottom , close - up .

new record of the big - scale sand smelt atherina boyeri risso , 1810 ( atherinidae ) in the seyhan dam r . . .

a flock of marine fish big - scale sand smelt ( atherina boyeri ) moves slowly on the background of a rocky bottom , wide shot .

commercial fishing : a flock of marine fish big - scale sand smelt ( atherina boyeri ) slowly moves over a rocky bottom , wide shot .

flock of big - scale sand smelt ( atherina boyeri ) against the backdrop of the sea surface , then quickly leaves the frame , medium shot .

a flock of game - fish big - scale sand smelt ( atherina boyeri ) slowly moves against a background of rocks overgrown with mussels , wide shot .

search big scale sand smelt and thousands of other words in english definition and synonym dictionary from reverso . you can complete the list of synonyms of big scale sand smelt given by the english thesaurus dictionary with other english dictionaries : wikipedia , lexilogos , oxford , cambridge , chambers harrap , wordreference , collins lexibase dictionaries , merriam webster . . .

description : ' big - scale sand smelt ' ( atherina boyeri ) , known by the common name of kingfish - the - mediterranean . . . typical and . . . delicious !

" a flock of game - fish big - scale sand smelt ( atherina boyeri ) slowly moves against a background of rocks overgrown with mussels , wide shot . " stock footage and royalty - free videos on urltoken - vid 162718914

fifteen specimens of the big - scale sand smelt , atherina boyeri were caught by a single trawl haul with a net mesh size of 3 mm on february 2017 from the seyhan dam reservoir ( south anatolia , adana / turkey ) . in this study the big - scale sand smelt , a . boyeri , was recorded for the first time in the seyhan dam reservoir . in addition , some morphometric and meristic measurements of a . boyeri were . . . [ show full abstract ]

black sea silverside , boyer’s sand smelt , atherina mochon ( cuvier , 1829 ) ; atherina hepsetus ( delaroche , 1809 ) .

the video clip " a flock of game - fish big - scale sand smelt ( atherina boyeri ) slowly moves against a background of rocks overgrown with mussels , wide shot . " from portunus is available on fotolia under a royalty - free license from 30 credits ( credit from $ 0 . 74 ) .

altun , ö . 1999 . morphological variations observed on the sand smelt ( atherina boyeri risso , 1810 ) populations . turk j zool 23 ( 3 ) : 911–918 .

also known as sand smelts , black sea sand smelt and boyer ' s sand smelt . found in schools in brackish coastal waters and slow flowing freshwater , lakes , estuaries and rivers . they feed on crustaceans fish larvae , mollusks and worms . length - 20cm depth - 1 - ? m widespread eastern atlantic , mediterranean and black sea these fish are common on shorelines , important food for larger fish species although no commercial value .

küçük , f . , güçlü , s . s . , gülle , i . , güçlü , z . , çiçek , n . l . , diken , g . 2012 . reproductive features of big scale - sand smelt , atherina boyeri ( risso , 1810 ) , and exotic fish in lake egirdir ( isparta , turkey ) . turkish journal of fisheries and aquatic sciences 12 : 729 - 733 .

the big - scale sand smelt , atherina boyeri , is recorded from the devegecidi dam lake in 2016 , the first record of this invasive species in the tigris river basin , with potential to extend to all countries in the middle east . the smelts were caught with a trawl net mesh size of 6 mm . the captured specimens are described and compared . records of a . boyeri from turkish inland waters are summarised from the literature .

the big - scale sand smelt , atherina boyeri risso , 1810 was recorded for the first time from büyükçekmece reservoir ( i̇stanbul , turkey ) in 1982 . however , recent studies on the fish fauna of büyükçekmece reservoir indicated that a . boyeri did not exist in the reservoir . in the pre - sent study , which was originally planned for determining biological features of perch , perca fluviatilis linnaeus , . . . [ show full abstract ]

blue triggerfish ( pseudobalistes fuscus ) , digging in the sand for molluscs or worms . egypt , red sea .

the traditional forms of artisanal fisheries compete against big fisheries , whose environmentally harmful techniques permit to harvest resources at a more profitable scale . the composition of berths by type of fleet shows a very unequal carrying capacity in favor of big - scale vessels ( i1a ) . the excessive charge of the resource affects directly the regeneration rates ( ru2 / ru5 ) . overfishing and the consequent reduction in fishery is the principal outcome of trawling ( o2b ) .

big - scale fisheries also have lower costs in the appropriation and production . then , they can offer lower prices ( in accordance with international markets ) in internal markets ( s5a ) , reducing the competitiveness of small fisheries .

the masterpieces of fish gastronomy are universally recognised . regnoli uses only freshly caught raw materials . the centuries - old eel manufacturing process is typical of the polesine area , where regnoli has its production plants . it is a rather seasonal product , since its fishing starts around october , when the eel stops eating , its flesh starts toning up and its sking changes colour , from yellow to silver . the big - scale sand smelt is rigorously processed when fresh .

henderson , p . a . and bamber , r . n . 1987 . on the reproductive biology of the sand smelt atherina boyeri risso ( pisces : atherinidae ) and its evolutionary potential . biological journal of the linnean society 32 : 395 - 415 .

develop a set of ses variables potentially relevant to study small - scale fisheries system and illustrate the frame throughout two cases concerning mexican and chilean benthic fisheries . they look for evidence about “

medium consumption of local resources all localities are close to important urban centers . then , actors use to acquire their consumer goods ( food , clothing and others ) in local markets and big markets alternately

elongated body , in the back it is lateral compressed . mouth is big and turned upwards . the back is gray with black spots , a silver strip runs through the flank , the abdomen is whitish .

basurto , x ( 2005 ) . how locally designed access and use controls can prevent the tragedy of the commons in a mexican small - scale fishing community . society and natural resources 18 : 643–659 . urltoken .

bartuloviç , v . , lucic , d . , conides , a . , glamuzina , b . , ducic , j . , hafner , d . , batistic , m . 2004 . food of sand smelt , atherina boyeri risso , 1810 ( pisces : atherinidae ) in the estuary of the mala neretva river ( middle - eastern , adriatic , croatia ) . sci . mar . 64 ( 4 ) : 597 - 603 .

the mh - pc fishermen have given shape to a strong group that is able to maintain interaction with governmental institutions and is successful in breaking the status quo of the top - down process in the elaboration of norms . for instance , the demand for longer closure periods was recognized for the government few years ago . recently , artisanal fisheries from mh - pc stop a governmental authorization for big - scale vessels to enter to the estuarine zone .

basurto , x , gelcich , s and ostrom , e ( 2013 ) . the social–ecological system framework as a knowledge classificatory system for benthic small - scale fisheries . global environmental change 23 ( 6 ) : 1366–1380 . urltoken .

, the delimitation of the space under study was made by the resource system ( rs ) : the small - scale fishery sector . the application of the frame looks for the potential drivers which could lead to a sustainable and common management of the artisanal fishery .

considering direct users , a common historical and cultural root , the presence of leaderships , the relevance of the local knowledge , the dependence on the resource to sustainable livelihoods and the threat of big - scale fisheries invading exclusive fishing area generated reciprocity and moderate levels of trust among fishermen . but , some external and internal processes eroded the social capital when collective actions seemed to be growing faster , leading to a divergent path . bbe fishermen have ignored internal norms and processes of community decision - making , confronting the mh - pc fishermen .

medium to low level of human constructed facilities the estuary area has 5 piers , although most of that infrastructure is prepared for big ships and industrial activity . monte hermoso and pehuén co do not have any pier or mole . vessels are trailed by pickup trucks or vehicles through the beach until the coast

. ( 2004 ) , 1 , 200 specimens , with length varied from 3 . 1 and 11 . 6 cm , were collected from february 2001 to february 2002 close to the dam at the mouth of the mala neretva river ( south - east adriatic coast of croatia ) , using a small lift net ( 5 mm mesh size ) locally used for the send smelt fishery .

heterogeneous patterns of spacial and temporal distribution in adult life resources are present among all the year , with variations of species . micro - localization ( i . e . position of species within the area ) varies according to natural and anthropic conditions . shrimp , prawn and weakfish are in less deeper areas . there are presence of shrimp and prawn during december to mid - june and mid - july to september , weakfish during mid - august to late september ( sometimes also during march and april ) , narrownose smooth - hound during mid - september to late november ; slick bonefish during mid - august to late september , sand smelt during june and july at low tide and september on the marshes and white croaker during november to march . soles and rays are present all year

stable migration trends historically , the big - push of the population growth was the consequence of external interwar migration flows . population in white and cerri increased during the expansion of petrochemical pole and the harbor area in the 1980s and 1990s . in monte hermoso and pehuén co , the population growth has occurred due to migration from bigger cities such bahía blanca and buenos aires . nowadays , the tendency is unclear

the objective of this paper is to apply the ses framework to an artisanal fishery community in argentina in order to : 1 ) describe the principal features , key variables and relations of the small - scale fishery system ; 2 ) detect the principal drivers of a potential common - management and the leading detractors from the current communal performance ; and 3 ) analyze the possibility that a self - governing for sustainable fishery may appear .

estimated that 84 % of sales of artisanal fishery in buenos aires province are made to intermediaries , 6 % to fish shops and 10 % are retail . the results of our workshops and interviews show the same pattern of commercialization . artisanal fishermen sell to intermediaries competing against other big fisheries with participation in external markets , who fix their prices taking into account international prices . then , international markets have an indirect influence on the fixing local prices

big size of the resource system the zone affected by artisanal fishery is extended along the atlantic coast over a stretch of more than 100 km from cerri to monte hermoso . bahía blanca estuary has an area of 3 , 000 km 2 ; 30 , 000 ha of inland and 180 , 000 ha of watershed corresponds to the reserva provincial natural bahía blanca , bahía falsa y bahía verde . the geological , paleontological and archeological provincial reserve pehuén co - monte hermoso covers land areas belonging to the municipalities of coronel rosales and monte hermoso along over 40 km of beaches from the mouth of the estuary and monte hermoso . the reserva costera municipal de objetivos definidos covers only 3 km 2

the big - push of population growth was the consequence of external interwar migration flows and the subsequent internal migration ( s2f ) , although in the last 20–30 years argentina has received major immigration from bordering countries like bolivia and paraguay , as well as from other latin american countries ( i . e . peru , colombia ) . the outcome of such historical process has been a relevant level of heterogeneity among internal and external actors ( a1b / a1c ) and the absence of a unique cultural root which has reduced the capacity to create shared codes and common rules between all the users ( a2f ) . given the differences in sectors and interests , the notion about the common has remained unclear and weak .

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structure and functional aspects of the fish assemblage in a coastal lagoon were studied .

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along coast of mediterranean , black , azov and caspian sea basins . atlantic coast northward to loire estuary ( france ) . isolated populations along costs of southern england and the netherlands ( some might actually be the marine a . mochon ) . permanent freshwater resident populations in guadalquivir and tagus ( now extirpated ) drainages , santo andré lagoon ( portugal ) and lake trichonis ( greece ) . introduced in aral sea , lake trasimeno ( italy ) and perhaps other lakes in italy .

habitat : lower parts of rivers , estuaries , coastal lakes and sea . freshwater populations prefer still or slow - flowing waters . pelagic in lakes . biology : gregarious . usually lives 1 - 2 years , rarely up to four . spawns for the first time at 1 - 2 years . freshwater populations spawn in april - june in guadalquivir , in march - october in lake trichonis . short spawning migrations into estuaries in some populations . fractional spawner , larger individuals spawn for a longer period . eggs with long hairy appendages attaching them to filamentous algae , deposited at 2 - 6 m depth . larvae are pelagic but often form schools close to the shores . in lakes and estuaries , feeds mainly on small planktonic invertebrates , often on benthos in rivers .

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gland , switzerland , 5 july 2018 ( iucn ) – australia’s unique reptiles – including lizards and snakes – face severe threats from invasive species and climate change , with 7 % of th . . .

the value of medicinal and aromatic plant trade has increased three - fold in the past 20 years , but traditional harvesting practices are being replaced by less sustainable alternatives . . . .

a recently released iucn technical brief recommends increasing investments in sustainable land management practices , as well as better cooperation between agriculturalists and conservationists to conse . . .

greek , atherina , the greek name for the eperlane ; 1770 ( ref . 45335 )

marine ; freshwater ; brackish ; demersal ; amphidromous ( ref . 59043 ) ; depth range 1 - ? m . subtropical ; 53°n - 20°n , 18°w - 42°e

eastern atlantic : portugal and spain to nouadhibou in mauritania and madeira , and throughout the mediterranean and black sea . isolated populations on coasts of england and the netherlands ( ref . 5980 ) . previously , two subspecies were recognized in russian waters : atherina boyeri pontica ( eichwald , 1838 ) from the black sea and the sea of azov and atherina boyeri caspia ( eichwald , 1838 ) from the caspian sea ( ref . 26334 ) .

maturity : l m 5 . 8 , range 5 - ? cm max length : 20 . 0 cm tl male / unsexed ; ( ref . 30578 ) ; max . reported age : 4 years ( ref . 59043 )

dorsal spines ( total ) : 7 - 10 ; dorsal soft rays ( total ) : 8 - 16 ; anal spines : 2 ; anal soft rays : 10 - 18 . eye diameter wider than snout length ( ref . 35388 ) .

maugé , l . a . , 1990 . atherinidae . p . 604 - 605 . in j . c . quero , j . c . hureau , c . karrer , a . post and l . saldanha ( eds . ) check - list of the fishes of the eastern tropical atlantic ( clofeta ) . jnict , lisbon ; sei , paris ; and unesco , paris . vol . 2 . ( ref . 4499 )

phylogenetic diversity index ( ref . 82805 ) : pd 50 = 0 . 5312 [ uniqueness , from 0 . 5 = low to 2 . 0 = high ] .

bayesian length - weight : a = 0 . 00550 ( 0 . 00453 - 0 . 00666 ) , b = 3 . 07 ( 3 . 01 - 3 . 13 ) , in cm total length , based on lwr estimates for this species ( ref . 93245 ) .

trophic level ( ref . 69278 ) : 3 . 2 ±0 . 36 se ; based on food items .

resilience ( ref . 69278 ) : medium , minimum population doubling time 1 . 4 - 4 . 4 years ( k = 0 . 8 ; tm = 1 ; tmax = 4 ; ) .

prior r = 0 . 76 , 2 sd range = 0 . 33 - 1 . 74 , log ( r ) = - 0 . 27 , sd log ( r ) = 0 . 42 , based on : 6 k , 2 tgen , 1 tmax , 2 fec records

vulnerability ( ref . 59153 ) : moderate vulnerability ( 44 of 100 ) .

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atherina boyeri is a small fish that is brown and silver in color . its head length is about 4 times less than its total length . this species possesses 21 - 39 gillrakers . its back is brown to brownish gray . it has 40 - 47 vertebrae , 7 - 10 dorsal spines , and 8 - 10 dorsal soft rays ( muus and nielsen 1999 ) . the scales are in a longitudinal series ( 44 - 48 ) and silvery in color . the eye diameter is greater than the snout length . it exhibits a wide range in morphometric and meristic characteristics .

spain ( elivra 1995 ) . ponto - caspian basin . eastern mediterranean sea ( kalogirou et al . 2012 ) .

nonindigenous occurrences : atherina boyeri occurs in isolated populations on the coasts of england ( fishbase ) . this species is found in lake trasimeno , italy ( freyhof and kottelat 2008 ) , the coasts of the netherlands ( den hartog and van der velde 1987 ) , portugal ( fishbase ) , and spain . its occurrence has been recorded in sapanca lake ( geldiay and balik 1996 ) , güzelhisar stream , köycegiz lake ( balik 1979 ) , küçükçekmece lake ( altun 1999 ) , lake iznik ( özeren 2004 ) , homa lagoon ( sezen 2005 ) , hirfanli dam lake , beysehir lake , and mogan lake ( innal and erk’akan 2006 ) , turkey . it has been reported to occur in the aral sea ( freyhof and kottelat 2008 ) .

atherina boyeri has a moderate probability of introduction to the great lakes ( confidence level : high ) .

potential pathway ( s ) of introduction : transoceanic shipping ( ballast water ) ; unauthorized intentional release .

atherina boyeri does not currently occur near waters connected to the great lakes . there is no indication that this species is sold or stocked in north america . however , it occurs in ports that have direct connections with the great lakes ( nbic ) .

atherina boyeri has commercial value as a prey of highly - priced carnivorous fish such as sea bass , dicentrarchus labrax . this species is introduced into freshwater lakes and reservoirs in europe to enhance stock ( economidis et al . 2000 ) . in turkey , it has been introduced to several lakes by local fishermen ( inaal and erk’akan 2006 ) . it can survive in hypersaline conditions up to 110 % salinity and temperatures between 6 - 25°c ( henderson and bamber 1987 ) . it is likely that atherina boyeri has the potential to survive ballast tank environments .

atherina boyeri has the potential for moderate environmental impact if introduced to the great lakes . atherina boyeri is a carrier of the metacercariae of labratrema minimus , a parasitic trematode that also infects gobies ( combes 2001 ) . in some cases , atherina boyeri dominates the fish community where introduced . in the mala neretva esuary , atherina boyeri reached high densities to the point where it made up 50 % of the fish composition ( sršen 2005 ) . it is considered as a potential threat to lentic ecoystems ( küçük et al . 2007 ) .

there is little or no evidence to support that atherina boyeri has the potential for significant socio - economic impact if introduced to the great lakes . it has not been reported that atherina boyeri poses a threat to human health or water quality . there is no evidence that this species negatively impacts infrastructure , economic sectors , recreational activities and associated tourism , or the aesthetic appeal of the areas it inhabits .

atherina boyeri has the potential for high beneficial effects if introduced to the great lakes . increased population size of atherina boyeri in the neretva river estuary enhanced the production of the local fishery and the stock of sea bass dicentrarchu labrax ( küçük et al . 2007 ) . in greece , it is sold for about us $ 3 per kg and is edible ( el - sahn et al . 1990 ; leonardos and sinis 2000 ) . introduction of atherina boyeri may positively impact the populations of great lakes predatory fish and enhance recreational fishing . if atherina boyeri were introduced , the parasitic trematode that it carries may infect invasive gobies of the great lakes and help decrease their populations .

regulations ( pertaining to the great lakes region ) there are no known regulations for this species . * * ballast water regulations applicable to this species are currently in place to prevent the introduction of nonindigenous species to the great lakes via shipping . see title 33 : code of federal regulations , part 151 , subparts c and d ( 33 cfr 151 c ) for the most recent federal ballast water regulations applying to the great lakes and hudson river .

note : check federal , state / provincial , and local regulations for the most up - to - date information .

chemical there are no chemical control methods for this species . general piscicides ( such as rotenone ) may be used for control , but expect significant kill of non - target species .

note : check state / provincial and local regulations for the most up - to - date information regarding permits for control methods . follow all label instructions .

balik , s . 1979 . bati anadolu tatlisu baliklari üzerine arastirmalar . ege . üniv . fen . fak . ilmi raporlar , no : 236 - 1979 , ege üniv . matbaasi , izmir , 61 pp .

combes , c . 2001 . parasitism : the ecology and evolution of intimate interactions . university of chicago press .

den hartog , c . , and van der velde , g . 1987 . invasions by plants and animals into coastal , brackish , and fresh water of the netherlands . proc k acad wet c 90 ( 1 ) : 31 - 37 .

doulka , e . , kehayias , g . , chalkia , e . , and leonardos , i . d . 2013 . feeding strategies of atherina boyeri ( risso 1810 ) in a freshwater ecosystem . j . appl . ichthyology 29 : 200 - 207 .

economidis , p . s . , dimitriou , e . , pagoni , r . , michaloudi , e . , and natsis , l . 2000 . fish . man . ecol . 7 : 239 - 250 .

el - sahn , m . a . , youssef , a . m . , and moharram , y . g . 1990 . edible products from pelagic bissaria ( atherina mochon ) fish . food / nahrung 34 ( 1 ) : 47 - 52 .

elvira , b . 1995 . native and exotic freshwater fishes in spanish river basins . freshwater biology 33 : 103 - 108 .

environmental protection agency ( epa ) . 2008 . predicting future introductions of nonindigenous species to the great lakes . national center for environmental assessment , washington , dc . available urltoken

fernández - delgado , c . , hernando , j . a . , herrera , m . , and bellido , m . 1988 . life - history patterns of the sandsmelt atherina boyeri risso , 1810 in the estuary of the guadalquivir river , spain . estuarine , coastal , and shelf science 27 : 697 - 706 .

geldiay , r . and balik , s . 1996 . türkiye tatlisu baliklari . ege ünv . fen fak . kitaplar serisi no : 97 , ege ünv . basimevi , izmir , 519 pp .

innal , d . and erk’akan , f . effects of exotic and translocaated fish species in the inland waters of turkey . rev . fish . biol . fisheries 16 : 39 - 50 .

freyhof , j . and kottelat , m . 2008 . atherina boyeri . in : iucn 2013 . iucn red list of threatened species . version 2013 . 2 . 03 june 2014 . urltoken

kalogirou , s . , mittermayer , f . , pihl , l . , and wennhage , h . 2012 . feeding ecology of indigenous and non - indigenous fish species within the family sphyaenidae . journal of fish biology 80 : 2528 - 2548 .

kiener , a . and spillman , c . j . 1969 . contributions a l’etude systematique et ecologique d’ atherina boyeri risso ( poissons , cyprinidae ) dan sa zone de dispersion actuelle . bulletin du museum national d’histoire naturelle , 3rd series , no . 55 . zoology 41 : 563 - 580 .

kolar , c . s . , and d . m . lodge . 2002 . ecological predictions and risk assessment for alien fishes in north america . science 298 : 1233 - 1236 .

küçük , f . , gülle , i . , güçlü , s . s . , gümüs , e . and demir , o . 2007 . egirdir gölü’ne sonradan giren gümüsbaligi ( atherina boyeri risso , 1810 ) ’nin göl ekosistemine ve balikçiliga etkisi . i . ulusal baliklandirma ve rezervuar yönetimi sempozyumu bildirileri , 7 - 9 subat 2006 antalya : 119 - 128 .

leonardos , i . and sinis , a . 2000 . age , growth , mortality of atherina boyeri risso , 1810 ( pisces : atherinidae ) in the mesolongi and etolikon lagoons ( w . greece ) . fisheries research 45 : 81 - 91 .

muus , b . j . and nielsen , j . g . 1999 . sea fish . scandinavian fishing year book . hedehusene , denmark . 340 p .

national ballast information clearinghouse 2009 . nbic online database . electronic publication , smithsonian environmental research center & united states coast guard . available from urltoken ; searched 04 june 2014 .

özeren , c . s . 2004 . iznik gölü baliklarinin taksonomisi ve cyprinus carpio l . , 1758 ( sazan ) , rutilus frisii nordmann , 1840 ( akbalik ) ve atherina boyeri risso , 1810 ( gümüs baligi ) ’nin biyo - ekolojik yönden incelenmesi . phd thesis , ankara : hacettepe university , 224 pp .

pombo , l . elliot , m . , and rebelo , j . e . 2005 . ecology , age and growth of atherina boyeri and atherina presbyter in the ria de aveiro , portugal . cybium 29 ( 1 ) : 47 - 55 .

sršen , v . 1995 . ichthyofauna of the neretva river estuary . bsc thesis . faculty of science . university of zagreb . 50 pp .

quignard , j . p . and pras , a . 1986 . atherinidae . in fishes of the north - eastern atlantic and the mediterranean . eds . p . j . whitehead , m . l . bauchot , j . c . hureau , j . nielsen , and e . tortonese ( p . 1207 - 1210 ) . paris : unesco .

baker , e . , m . asgari , and j . li , 2018 , atherina boyeri risso , 1810 : u . s . geological survey , nonindigenous aquatic species database , gainesville , fl , and noaa great lakes aquatic nonindigenous species information system , ann arbor , mi , urltoken ; = y & type ; = 2 & hucnumber ; = , revision date : 1 / 23 / 2015 , access date : 7 / 9 / 2018

this information is preliminary or provisional and is subject to revision . it is being provided to meet the need for timely best science . the information has not received final approval by the u . s . geological survey ( usgs ) and is provided on the condition that neither the usgs nor the u . s . government shall be held liable for any damages resulting from the authorized or unauthorized use of the information .

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english - german online dictionary developed to help you share your knowledge with others . more information ! contains translations by tu chemnitz and mr honey ' s business dictionary ( german - english ) . thanks on that account ! links to this dictionary or to single translations are very welcome ! questions and answers

it is a very euryhaline species , which is frequently found in brackish waters and more sporadically in freshwater .

carnivorous , it feeds on small crustaceans , worms , mollusks and fish larvae .

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( of atherina mochon cuvier , 1829 ) cuvier , g . ; latreille , p . a . ( 1829 ) . le règne animal distribué d ' après son organisation , pour servir de base à l ' histoire naturelle des animaux et d ' introduction à l ' anatomie comparée , par m . le cher , cuvier . . . avec figures , dessinées d ' après nature . edition 2 . v . 2 : i - xv + 1 - 406 . , available online at urltoken [ details ]

( of atherina lagunae trabelsi , faure , quignard , boussaid , focant & maamouri , 2002 ) trabelsi m . , faure e . , quignard j . p . , boussaid m . , focant b . & maamouri f . 2002 : atherina punctata and atherina lagunae ( pisces , atherinidae ) , new species in the mediterranean sea . 1 . biometric investigations of three atherinis species . c . r . biologies 325 : 967–975 . [ details ]

froese , r . & d . pauly ( editors ) . ( 2018 ) . fishbase . world wide web electronic publication . , available online at urltoken [ details ]

( of atherina anterina nardo , 1847 ) froese , r . & d . pauly ( editors ) . ( 2018 ) . fishbase . world wide web electronic publication . , available online at urltoken [ details ]

( of atherina bonapartii boulenger , 1907 ) froese , r . & d . pauly ( editors ) . ( 2018 ) . fishbase . world wide web electronic publication . , available online at urltoken [ details ]

( of atherina caspia eichwald , 1831 ) froese , r . & d . pauly ( editors ) . ( 2018 ) . fishbase . world wide web electronic publication . , available online at urltoken [ details ]

( of atherina hyalosoma cocco , 1885 ) froese , r . & d . pauly ( editors ) . ( 2018 ) . fishbase . world wide web electronic publication . , available online at urltoken [ details ]

( of atherina lacustris bonaparte , 1836 ) froese , r . & d . pauly ( editors ) . ( 2018 ) . fishbase . world wide web electronic publication . , available online at urltoken [ details ]

( of atherina pontica eichwald , 1831 ) froese , r . & d . pauly ( editors ) . ( 2018 ) . fishbase . world wide web electronic publication . , available online at urltoken [ details ]

( of atherina riqueti roule , 1902 ) froese , r . & d . pauly ( editors ) . ( 2018 ) . fishbase . world wide web electronic publication . , available online at urltoken [ details ]

( of atherina risso valenciennes , 1835 ) froese , r . & d . pauly ( editors ) . ( 2018 ) . fishbase . world wide web electronic publication . , available online at urltoken [ details ]

( of atherina rissoi günther , 1861 ) froese , r . & d . pauly ( editors ) . ( 2018 ) . fishbase . world wide web electronic publication . , available online at urltoken [ details ]

( of atherina sarda valenciennes , 1835 ) froese , r . & d . pauly ( editors ) . ( 2018 ) . fishbase . world wide web electronic publication . , available online at urltoken [ details ]

( of atherina sardinella fowler , 1903 ) froese , r . & d . pauly ( editors ) . ( 2018 ) . fishbase . world wide web electronic publication . , available online at urltoken [ details ]

( of hepsetia boyeri ( risso , 1810 ) ) froese , r . & d . pauly ( editors ) . ( 2018 ) . fishbase . world wide web electronic publication . , available online at urltoken [ details ]

( of hepsetia mochon ( cuvier , 1829 ) ) froese , r . & d . pauly ( editors ) . ( 2018 ) . fishbase . world wide web electronic publication . , available online at urltoken [ details ]

( of atherina mochon aegyptia boulenger , 1907 ) froese , r . & d . pauly ( editors ) . ( 2018 ) . fishbase . world wide web electronic publication . , available online at urltoken [ details ]

( of atherina mochon pontica eichwald , 1831 ) froese , r . & d . pauly ( editors ) . ( 2018 ) . fishbase . world wide web electronic publication . , available online at urltoken [ details ]

( of atherina mochon riqueti roule , 1902 ) froese , r . & d . pauly ( editors ) . ( 2018 ) . fishbase . world wide web electronic publication . , available online at urltoken [ details ]

( of atherina boyeri caspia eichwald , 1831 ) froese , r . & d . pauly ( editors ) . ( 2018 ) . fishbase . world wide web electronic publication . , available online at urltoken [ details ]

( of atherina presbyter caspia eichwald , 1831 ) froese , r . & d . pauly ( editors ) . ( 2018 ) . fishbase . world wide web electronic publication . , available online at urltoken [ details ]

( of atherina presbyter pontica eichwald , 1831 ) froese , r . & d . pauly ( editors ) . ( 2018 ) . fishbase . world wide web electronic publication . , available online at urltoken [ details ]

( of atherina lagunae trabelsi , faure , quignard , boussaid , focant & maamouri , 2002 ) bouchet , p . ; fontaine , b . ( 2009 ) . list of new marine species described between 2002 - 2006 . census of marine life . [ details ]

( of atherina boïeri risso , 1810 ) froese , r . & d . pauly ( editors ) . ( 2018 ) . fishbase . world wide web electronic publication . , available online at urltoken [ details ]

( of atherina mochon cuvier , 1829 ) froese , r . & d . pauly ( editors ) . ( 2018 ) . fishbase . world wide web electronic publication . , available online at urltoken [ details ]

( of atherina ( hepsetia ) boyeri risso , 1810 ) eschmeyer , w . n . ; fricke , r . ; van der laan , r . ( eds ) . ( 2017 ) . catalog of fishes : genera , species , references . electronic version . , available online at urltoken [ details ]

( of atherina ( hepsetia ) boyeri risso , 1810 ) risso , a . ( 1810 ) . ichthyologie de nice ou histoire naturelle des poissons du département des alpes - maritimes . schoell , paris . , available online at urltoken page ( s ) : 338 [ details ]

( of atherina ( hepsetia ) boyeri risso , 1810 ) van der land , j . ; costello , m . j . ; zavodnik , d . ; santos , r . s . ; porteiro , f . m . ; bailly , n . ; eschmeyer , w . n . ; froese , r . ( 2001 ) . pisces , in : costello , m . j . et al . ( ed . ) ( 2001 ) . european register of marine species : a check - list of the marine species in europe and a bibliography of guides to their identification . collection patrimoines naturels , 50 : pp . 357 - 374 ( look up in imis ) [ details ]

( of atherina mochon cuvier , 1829 ) eschmeyer , w . n . ; fricke , r . ; van der laan , r . ( eds ) . ( 2017 ) . catalog of fishes : genera , species , references . electronic version . , available online at urltoken [ details ]

maris , t . ; beauchard , o . ; van damme , s . ; van den bergh , e . ; wijnhoven , s . ; meire , p . ( 2013 ) . referentiematrices en ecotoopoppervlaktes annex bij de evaluatiemethodiek schelde - estuarium studie naar “ecotoopoppervlaktes en intactness index” . monitor taskforce publication series , 2013 - 01 . nioz : yerseke . 35 pp . ( look up in imis ) [ details ]

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oslob , philippines - circa - 2012 - whale shark feeding below a rowboat in philippines .

a flock of fry black sea horse mackerel ( trachurus mediterraneus ponticus ) near rhizostome jellyfish ( rhizostoma pulmo ) , medium shot . black sea . ukraine .

aurelia aurita ( also called the moon jelly , moon jellyfish , common jellyfish , or saucer jelly ) is a widely studied species of the genus aurelia . black sea

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atlanc populaons ( palmer et al . , 1979 ) and the iznik lake popula

from turkish inland waters based on data from the literature . coordinates and altude taken from google

capoeta mandica was originally described as c . barroisi mandica from mond river , persian gulf basin , based on morphological characters and later was considered as a distinct species based on a few … " [ more ]

water is crucial for all living organisims that covers almost 80 % of our planet . although productivity of water resources unproportionally distributed , all of them host vast biodiversity but only v… " [ more ]

morphological and meristic differences among freshwater fish , cyprinion kais ( cyprinidae ) population . . .

in this study , morphometric and meristic characteristics of cyprinion kais samples which is obtained from different locality in tigris river were carried out . in order to determine the morphological and meristic variation among populations , discriminant function can be detected , intergroup discrimination with the help of this function are the most distinctive variables affecting the . . . [ show full abstract ]

morphological differences among the garra rufa populations ( cyprınıdae ) in tigris river system of so . . .

objective : to determine morphometric and meristic variations between garra rufa ( g . rufa ) samples obtained from different locality in tigris river . methods : transformed morphometric characters were subjected to discriminant analysis and according to grouping model , number of discriminant function and morphologic variation between populations with respect to their importance of explaining total . . . [ show full abstract ]

morphological differences among the garra variabilis populations ( cyprinidae ) in tigris river system . . .

reoccurrence of a commercial euryhaline fish species , atherina boyeri risso , 1810 ( atherinidae ) in b . . .

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computational ecology and software ; hong kong vol . 7 , iss . 2 , ( jun 2017 ) : 82 - 90 .

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justification : populations in the mediterranean and black seas apparently declined steeply during the 1980s , but have stabilized ( albeit at much lower levels ) since the early 1990s , according to catch statistics . this species remains a common and widespread species with a stable population . therefore , this species is listed as least concern .

this is a mediterranean sea near - endemic species ( including the black sea and sea of azov ) , but is also present in the eastern atlantic in southern portugal and northern morocco , including madeira and mauritania .

in the mediterranean sea , this species is widespread . its distribution includes : spain , recorded in la vega river ( clavero

2004a , b ; dulcic and glamuzina 2006 ) ; aegean sea ( papakonstantinou 1988 , leonardos and sinis 2000 , leonardos 2001 , koutrakis and tsikliras 2003 , koutrakis et al . 2004 , koutrakis et al . 2005 , mogias and kevrekidis 2005 , tarakan et al . 2006 , chrisafi et al . 2007 , gokce and metin 2007 ) ; lebanese waters ( harmelin - vivien

2005 ) ; egyptian lagoons in the sinai peninsula ( gon and ben - tuvia 1983 ) . it is also in the black sea . two subspecies are recognized in russian waters :

this is a very common species in the mediterranean sea . catch statistics from the mediterranean sea and black sea show a very large population reduction during the 1980s , from annual catches of 6 - 10 , 000 mt , stabilizing since then at around 600 mt per annum ( food and agriculture organization fishstat ) .

( 1999 ) , 222 specimens with length varied from 1 . 3 and 9 . 5 cm tl were captured during spring ( breeding time ) and fall in the camargue lagoons .

leonardos and sinis ( 2000 ) mentioned that 4 , 269 specimens with length from 1 . 4 - 10 . 3 cm tl were collected in the mesolongi and etolikon lagoons ( aegean sea ) during the period from april 1989 to june 1990 , using a beach seine having mesh size 2 . 5 mm , length of 15 m , height of 1 . 5 m at the edges and 2 m in the centre , which terminated in a sac with a diameter of 1 . 5 m and length of 3 m .

according to leonardos ( 2001 ) , 503 specimens were collected from the catches of commercial fishing boats from april 1992 to january 1993 in the lake trichonis ( greece ) .

( 2000 ) reported that 1 , 479 specimens were caught with a beach seine net ( 50 m length , 1 - 5 m depth ) during july and august 1998 and february and march 1999 in the estuary of the neretva river ( east and central adriatic coast ) .

( 2004 ) , 41 specimens with length varied from 4 . 0 and 10 . 0 cm tl , were collected in the camargue lagoons . they were sampled with fixed fishing nets .

( 2006 ) mentioned that 4 , 831 specimens were collected in the la vega river in the south spain using traps .

( 2003 ) 1 , 936 specimens with maximum length of 9 . 4 cm ( female ) and 8 . 7 cm ( male ) , were collected in the mar menor ( spain ) from commercial catches taken between november 1997 and september 1998 , using a fyke net ( 11mm mesh size , 100m length , called chirretera ) .

( 2004 ) reported that 1 , 056 specimens , with length varied from 1 . 3cm and 10 . 5cm , were collected in the vistonis estuary system ( aegean sea ) , from february 1989 to august 1990 with a bag seine net ( mesh size 3mm knot to knot , 10 m length , 1 . 2 m height ) . each haul covered an area of approximately 250 m

( 2007 ) mentioned that 240 specimens , with length varied from 3 . 5 and 11 . 2 cm were collected monthly by purse seine ( mesh size 22 mm ) from january to december 1997 from various lake trichonis locations ( west greece ) .

according to dulcic and glamuzina ( 2006 ) , 1 , 280 specimens with length varied from 2 . 5 and 15 . 7 cm tl , were collected from three east adriatic estuarine systems ( tar cove , sampled between september 1999 and september 2000 , duce - glava , sampled between october 1998 and october 1999 , river neretva estuary sampled between december 2002 and december 2003 ) , using various fishing gears ( beach seine , fyke - net , gill nets , fish traps ) .

koutrakis and tsikliras ( 2003 ) reported that 950 specimens , with length varied from 1 . 1 and 11 . 5cm tl , were sampled using various fishing gear ( beach - seine , fyke - net , gill nets ) in three north aegean estuarine systems . porto - lagos ( north - east aegean sea ) , a shallow coastal lagoon was sampled between december 1988 and september 1990 .

( 2004 ) , 536 fish larvae were collected in the mar menor ( south spain ) .

( 2006 ) mentioned that 457 specimens , with length varied from 3 . 9 and 12 . 9 cm were collected from six locations in the marmara region , turkey using various type of fishing gear ( beach - seine , fyke - net , gill nets and electrofishing ) . iznik and sapanca lakes were sampled from october 2003 to august 2004 and from january 2002 to may 2003 , respectively . buyukcekmece , omerli and terkos dam lakes were sampled from may 1995 to october 1995 and in april 2004 , and from january 2002 to august 2004 and from september 2000 to june 2002 respectively . finally , kucukcekmece , a shallow lagoon was sampled from november 1971 to october 1974 and from may 1981 to june 1981 .

according to gokce and metin ( 2007 ) , six specimens were collected using three artisanal fishing boats ( 6 . 7 and 10 m long ) comprising 39 fishing operations . the trials took place between may and october 2003 in izmir bay , turkey . the fishing gear was combined trammel net to trammel net with one lower and one upper part . each part is formed of three layers : the inner layer with a small mesh size ( 40 mm stretched mesh ) , the outer layers with a larger mesh size ( 220 mm stretched mesh ) . these nets , each 100 m long and 1 . 30 m deep , are hung to a common float line and lead line .

this is a commercial species . tutman et al . ( 2000 ) report a remarkable percentage of specimens with spinal deformity ( 3 . 58 % , whole number of catches 1 , 479 ) . as a coastal species it may be vulnerable to various human impacts . freshwater and brackish water populations may be negatively impacted by a number of anthropogenic threats ( development , water abstraction , drainage , pollution , etc . ) .

this species occurs in a number of protected areas . appropriate management and habitat protection is required for this species , especially for freshwater and brackish water populations .

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regnoli , found in 1861 , is a solid reality based on tradition and modern business vision . since the 80s it has been gradually transforming its production towards a new generation of gastronomy , completing its selection with vegetable products and developing an exclusive technology for preserving and stabilising fish products , thus becoming one of the leading brands of this sector in terms of quantity and quality .

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