macrognathus fasciatus is a species of spiny eel found in the manimala river and first described in 2014 .

macrognathus fasciatus differs from its relative species by the presence of 28 – 30 dorsal spines , 26 – 27 vertical lateral lines on the body , 8 – 9 whitish yellow round spots present in a row in between every two vertical lines and first dorsal spine originate at the level or a little behind the end of pectoral fin .

macrognathus fasciatus

macrognathus fasciatus <EOT> macrognathus fasciatus , the new species that has been reported from the manimala river .

the new species , macrognathus fasciatus , is blackish brown at the back and yellow at the ventral side while the lateral sides are dark brown .

highlighting the significance of the discovery , mr . mathews said a new species of the macrognathus genus was being reported from kerala after a gap of 150 years .

named macrognathus fasciatus , the new species is characterised by a combination of dorsal spines , yellow vertical lines on the lateral sides interspersed with small whitish yellow round spots in a row and a small round black spot at the base of the pectoral and caudal fin . it is blackish brown at the back and yellow at the ventral side while the lateral sides are dark brown .

the alkaline phosphatase activity is mapped in all the parts of the digestive system of colisa fasciatus , macrognathus aculeatus , notopterus notopterus and nandus nandus . in the posterior region of the alimentary canal of all the 4 fishes the activity is poorer as compared to other parts . in colisa fasciatus and macrognathus aculeatus , the activity at the distal end of pyloric caeca is poorer as compared to the proximal part . in notopterus notopterus and nandus nandus however , it is practically of the same intensity at both the parts . mucosal and submucosal layers have been found to have intense alkaline phosphatase activity as compared to muscularis and serosal layers . except nandus nandus , gastric glands of all the remaining fishes show partial activity of this enzyme . however , gastric epithelium of all the four fishes shows good activity . hepatic cells are rich in alkaline phosphatase activity . the cytoplasm of the hepatic cells and pancreatic acinar cells have intense reaction . presence of alkaline phosphatase is in relation with the secretory and absorption activity of tissue or cells .

plamoottil , m . and n . p . abraham , 2014 . macrognathus albus ( order : synbranchiformes ; family : mastacembelidae ) , a new fish species from kerala , india . intl . j . pure appl . zool . 2 ( 2 ) : 100 - 105 . ( ref . 97143 )

eel - like fishes with elongated and compressed body , spiny eels are found in inland water bodies across india . three species have been recorded from kerala . the specimens of m . fasciatus were collected from the manimala river at karuthavadasserikara by mathews plamoottil , assistant professor in zoology , government college , chavara .

taxonomic analysis carried out in collaboration with nelson p . abraham , st . thomas college , kozhencherry , confirmed that the specimens from the manimala river belonged to a new species . the discovery has been reported in the latest edition of the ‘journal of experimental zoology , ’ an international science publication . the epithet fasciatus was adopted from the latin language and means ` banded , ’ referring to the vertical stripes present on the lateral sides of the body of the new fish .

anal soft rays : 65 - 67 . macrognathus fasciatus can be distinguished by the following characters : body dark brown ; presence of distinct vertical bands on the body ; presence of pre - orbital spine ; spinous part of dorsal fin originating at vertical through the level of or slightly behind the end of pectoral fin ; head length 14 . 8 - 16 . 5 % sl ; head depth 36 . 8 - 41 . 8 % hl ; eye diameter 3 . 7 - 4 . 8 % hl ; inter orbital width 10 . 0 - 10 . 9 % hl ; body width 7 . 5 - 8 . 3 % sl ; pre - dorsal length 22 . 2 - 26 . 1 % sl ; height of dorsal fin 2 . 2 - 2 . 9 % sl ; height of anal fin 1 . 7 - 2 . 6 % sl ; pre - anal length 53 . 0 - 59 . 4 % sl ; and 65 - 67 soft rays on anal fin ( ref . 97143 ) .

: researchers from central kerala have reported the discovery of a new species of fish belonging to the spiny eel variety from the manimala river .

mr . mathews said the new species and the research work related to it had been approved by the international commission of zoological nomenclature and registered at the zoo bank . the specimens have been deposited in the museum of the zoological survey of india at kozhikode .

greek , makros = great + greek , gnathos = jaw ( ref . 45335 )

maturity : l m ? range ? - ? cm max length : 30 . 7 cm sl male / unsexed ; ( ref . 97143 )

phylogenetic diversity index ( ref . 82805 ) : pd 50 = 0 . 5000 [ uniqueness , from 0 . 5 = low to 2 . 0 = high ] .

bayesian length - weight : a = 0 . 00389 ( 0 . 00180 - 0 . 00842 ) , b = 3 . 12 ( 2 . 94 - 3 . 30 ) , in cm total length , based on all lwr estimates for this body shape ( ref . 93245 ) .

trophic level ( ref . 69278 ) : 3 . 3 ±0 . 4 se ; based on size and trophs of closest relatives

resilience ( ref . 69278 ) : medium , minimum population doubling time 1 . 4 - 4 . 4 years ( preliminary k or fecundity . ) .

vulnerability ( ref . 59153 ) : low to moderate vulnerability ( 34 of 100 ) .

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, select family and click on ' identification by pictures ' to display all available pictures in fishbase for the family .

, select country and click on ' identification by pictures ' to display all available pictures in fishbase for the country .

, select ecosystem and click on ' identification by pictures ' to display all available pictures in fishbase for the ecosystem .

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eschmeyer , w . n . ; fricke , r . ; van der laan , r . ( eds ) . ( 2017 ) . catalog of fishes : genera , species , references . electronic version . , available online at urltoken [ details ]

( of rhynchobdella bloch & schneider , 1801 ) froese , r . & d . pauly ( editors ) . ( 2018 ) . fishbase . world wide web electronic publication . , available online at urltoken [ details ]

( of rhyncobdella ) froese , r . & d . pauly ( editors ) . ( 2018 ) . fishbase . world wide web electronic publication . , available online at urltoken [ details ]

( of macroganthus ) froese , r . & d . pauly ( editors ) . ( 2018 ) . fishbase . world wide web electronic publication . , available online at urltoken [ details ]

histochemical mapping of alkaline phosphatase in the digestive system of a few teleost fishes . - pubmed - ncbi

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z mikrosk anat forsch . 1980 ; 94 ( 1 ) : 21 - 32 .

hmmmm , for a not give it all away hint . . . there ' s lots of varietys of me .

ahhhhh should of known it . i knew it was too easy ! ! you win


calliostoma arx is a species of sea snail , a marine gastropod mollusk in the family calliostomatidae .

some authors place this taxon in the subgenus calliostoma ( benthastelena )

calliostoma arx

calliostoma arx <EOT> how can i put and write and define calliostoma arx in a sentence and how is the word calliostoma arx used in a sentence and examples ? 用calliostoma arx造句 , 用calliostoma arx造句 , 用calliostoma arx造句 , calliostoma arx meaning , definition , pronunciation , synonyms and example sentences are provided by ichacha . net .

" " ' calliostoma arx " " ' is a species of sea snail , a marine gastropod mollusk in the family calliostomatidae .

calliostoma ( calliostoma ) swainson , w . a . , 1840 type species : calliostoma ( calliostoma ) conulus linnaeus , c . , 1758

calliostoma adamsi brazier , 1895 : synonym of calliostoma comptum a . adams , 1855

calliostoma purpureocinctum hedley , 1894 : synonym of calliostoma comptum a . adams , 1855

calliostoma swainson , w . a . , 1840 type species : calliostoma ( calliostoma ) conulus linnaeus , c . , 1758

species calliostoma convexum w . h . turton , 1932 accepted as calliostoma africanum bartsch , 1915

species calliostoma capense thiele , 1925 accepted as calliostoma perfragile g . b . sowerby iii , 1903

species calliostoma albolineatum w . h . turton , 1932 accepted as calliostoma ornatum ( lamarck , 1822 )

calliostoma formosensis e . a . smith , 1907 synonym of calliostoma formosense e . a . smith , 1907

calliostoma poupineli ( montrouzier in souverbie & montrouzier , 1875 ) synonym of calliostoma comptum a . adams , 1855

calliostoma formosensis e . a . smith , 1907 : synonym of calliostoma formosense e . a . smith , 1907

calliostoma poupineli ( montrouzier in souverbie & montrouzier , 1875 ) : synonym of calliostoma comptum a . adams , 1855

new records of calliostoma and bathyfautor from vanuatu , fiji and tonga are listed . calliostoma ( fautor ) strobilos n . sp . , c . ( f . ) chlorum n . sp . , c . ( f . ) metabolicum n . sp . , c . ( ampullotrochus ) xylocinnamomum n . sp . and c . ( benthastelena ) arx n . sp . are described and compared with several similar calliostoma species from the indo - pacific of which most are illustrated .

species calliostoma formosensis [ sic ] accepted as calliostoma formosense e . a . smith , 1907 ( incorrect original spelling )

species calliostoma fernandesi boyer , 2006 accepted as calliostoma angolense boyer , 2007 ( invalid : junior homonym of calliostoma fernandesi rolán & monteiro , 2006 ; c . angolense is a replacement name )

calliostoma ( fautor ) iredale , t . , 1924 type species : calliostoma ( fautor ) comptum adams , a . , 1855

calliostoma formosum ( mcandrew & forbes , 1847 ) synonym of calliostoma occidentale ( mighels & c . b . adams , 1842 )

calliostoma ( tristichotrochus ) ikeba , 1942 type species : calliostoma ( tristichotrochus ) aculeatum aculeatum sowerby , g . b . iii , 1912

calliostoma formosum ( mcandrew & forbes , 1847 ) : synonym of calliostoma occidentale ( mighels & c . b . adams , 1842 )

species calliostoma adamsi brazier , 1895 accepted as calliostoma comptum ( a . adams , 1855 ) accepted as fautor comptus ( a . adams , 1855 ) ( invalid : junior homonym of calliostoma adamsi pilsbry , 1889 )

» species calliostoma ( calliostoma ) burnupi e . a . smith , 1899 accepted as dactylastele burnupi ( e . a . smith , 1899 )

species calliostoma echinatum dall , 1881 accepted as calliostoma caribbechinatum landau , van dingenen & ceulemans , 2017 ( invalid : junior secondary homonym of calliostoma echinatum ( millet , 1865 ) ; c . caribbechinatum is a replacement name )

» species calliostoma ( ampullotrochus ) alisi b . a . marshall , 1995 represented as calliostoma alisi b . a . marshall , 1995 ( basionym )

» species calliostoma ( ampullotrochus ) heros b . a . marshall , 1995 represented as calliostoma xanthos b . a . marshall , 1995 ( basionym )

» species calliostoma ( ampullotrochus ) peregrinum b . a . marshall , 1995 represented as calliostoma peregrinum b . a . marshall , 1995 ( original combination )

» species calliostoma ( ampullotrochus ) xanthos b . a . marshall , 1995 represented as calliostoma xanthos b . a . marshall , 1995 ( original combination )

species calliostoma formosum ( mcandrew & forbes , 1847 ) accepted as calliostoma occidentale ( mighels & c . b . adams , 1842 ) ( junior synonym )

calliostoma expansum schepman , 1908 : synonym of enida japonica a . adams , 1860

species calliostoma expansum schepman , 1908 accepted as enida japonica a . adams , 1860

calliostoma ( ampullotrochus ) monterosato , t . a . de m . di , 1890 type species : calliostoma ( ampullotrochus ) granulatum born , i . von , 1778

calliostoma bisculptum e . a . smith synonym of cantharidus bisculptus e . a . smith

calliostoma limatulum marshall , 1995 synonym of selastele limatulum b . a . marshall , 1995

calliostoma onustum odhner , 1924 synonym of selastele onustum b . a . marshall , 1995

species calliostoma rubroscalptum y . c . lee & w . l . wu , 1998

subgenus calliostoma ( kombologion ) clench & r . d . turner , 1960 represented as kombologion clench & r . d . turner , 1960 accepted as calliostoma swainson , 1840

subgenus calliostoma ( eutrochus ) a . adams , 1864 accepted as astele swainson , 1855

calliostoma bisculptum e . a . smith : synonym of cantharidus bisculptus e . a . smith

calliostoma limatulum marshall , 1995 : synonym of selastele limatulum b . a . marshall , 1995

calliostoma onustum odhner , 1924 : synonym of selastele onustum b . a . marshall , 1995

» species calliostoma ( calliotropis ) waikanae w . r . b . oliver , 1926 accepted as calliostoma waikanae oliver , 1926 accepted as maurea waikanae ( oliver , 1926 ) ( basionym )

laetifautor iredale , t . , 1929 type species : calliostoma trepidum hedley , c . , 1907

calliostoma trepidum hedley , 1907 synonym of laetifautor deceptus ( e . a . smith , 1899 )

calliostoma ( kombologion ) clench & r . d . turner , 1960 · accepted , alternate representation

» species calliostoma ( calliotropis ) pagoda w . r . b . oliver , 1926 accepted as calliostoma ( maurea ) selectum ( dillwyn , 1817 ) accepted as maurea selecta ( dillwyn , 1817 )

calliostoma trepidum hedley , 1907 : synonym of laetifautor deceptus ( e . a . smith , 1899 )

calliostoma rubropunctatum ( a . adams , 1851 ) synonym of laetifautor rubropunctatus ( a . adams , 1851 )

» species calliostoma ( mauriella ) wanganuicum w . r . b . oliver , 1926 accepted as calliostoma ( maurea ) punctulatum ( martyn , 1784 ) accepted as maurea punctulata ( martyn , 1784 ) ( synonym )

calliostoma polychroma ( a . adams , 1851 ) : synonym of cantharidus polychroma ( a . adams , 1851 )

calliostoma rubropunctatum ( a . adams , 1851 ) : synonym of laetifautor rubropunctatus ( a . adams , 1851 )

» species calliostoma ( tristichotrochus ) gendalli b . a . marshall , 1979 represented as calliostoma gendalli b . a . marshall , 1979 accepted as tristichotrochus gendalli ( b . a . marshall , 1979 ) ( original combination )

species calliostoma bisculptum e . a . smith , 1906 accepted as jujubinus suarezensis ( p . fischer , 1878 )

species calliostoma comptum ( a . adams , 1855 ) accepted as fautor comptus ( a . adams , 1855 )

calliostoma ( kombologion ) clench , w . j . & r . d . turner , 1960 type species : unknowngenustype

calliostoma burnupi e . a . smith , 1899 synonym of dactylastele burnupi ( e . a . smith , 1899 )

calliostoma deceptum e . a . smith , 1899 synonym of laetifautor deceptus ( e . a . smith , 1899 )

calliostoma regalis ( verrill & s . smith , 1880 ) synonym of calliotropis regalis ( verrill & smith , 1880 )

species calliostoma aucklandicum e . a . smith , 1902 accepted as coelotrochus chathamensis ( hutton , 1873 ) ( synonym )

species calliostoma farquhari g . b . sowerby iii , 1892 accepted as jujubinus suarezensis ( p . fischer , 1878 )

species calliostoma coronatum b . a . marshall , 1995 accepted as calliostoma kanakorum b . a . marshall , 2001 accepted as benthastelena coronata ( b . a . marshall , 1995 ) accepted as benthastelena kanakorum ( b . a . marshall , 2001 ) ( invalid : junior homonym of calliostoma coronatum quinn , 1992 ; c . kanakorum is a replacement name )

calliostoma is a genus of small to medium - sized sea snails with gills and an operculum , marine gastropod molluscs within the family calliostomatidae , the calliostoma top snails ( according to the taxonomy of taxonomy of gastropoda by bouchet & rocroi ( 2005 ) ) . previously this genus was placed within the family trochidae . calliostoma is the type genus of the family calliostomatidae .

calliostoma burnupi e . a . smith , 1899 : synonym of dactylastele burnupi ( e . a . smith , 1899 )

calliostoma deceptum e . a . smith , 1899 : synonym of laetifautor deceptus ( e . a . smith , 1899 )

calliostoma regalis ( verrill & s . smith , 1880 ) : synonym of calliotropis regalis ( verrill & smith , 1880 )

subgenus calliostoma ( mauriella ) w . r . b . oliver , 1926 accepted as maurea oliver , 1926 ( synonym )

species calliostoma antipodense b . a . marshall , 1995 accepted as maurea antipodensis ( b . a . marshall , 1995 )

species calliostoma aupourianum b . a . marshall , 1995 accepted as maurea aupouriana ( b . a . marshall , 1995 )

species calliostoma boucheti b . a . marshall , 1995 accepted as fautor boucheti ( b . a . marshall , 1995 )

species calliostoma chesterfieldense b . a . marshall , 1995 accepted as fautor chesterfieldensis ( b . a . marshall , 1995 )

species calliostoma cristatum b . a . marshall , 1995 accepted as benthastelena cristata ( b . a . marshall , 1995 )

species calliostoma crossleyae e . a . smith , 1910 accepted as tristichotrochus crossleyae ( e . a . smith , 1910 )

species calliostoma diadematum b . a . marshall , 1995 accepted as benthastelena diademata ( b . a . marshall , 1995 )

species calliostoma eminens b . a . marshall , 1995 accepted as maurea eminens ( b . a . marshall , 1995 )

species calliostoma gendalli b . a . marshall , 1979 accepted as tristichotrochus gendalli ( b . a . marshall , 1979 )

species calliostoma gibbsorum b . a . marshall , 1995 accepted as maurea gibbsorum ( b . a . marshall , 1995 )

species calliostoma alertae b . a . marshall , 1995 accepted as maurea ( alertalex ) alertae ( b . a . marshall , 1995 ) ( replacement name for calliostoma blacki ( dell , 1956 ) not c . blacki ( powell , 1950 ) )

» species calliostoma ( fautor ) comptum ( a . adams , 1855 ) accepted as fautor comptus ( a . adams , 1855 )

» species calliostoma ( maurea ) gracile p . marshall , 1918 † accepted as maurea gracilis ( p . marshall , 1918 ) †

» species calliostoma ( maurea ) spectabile ( a . adams , 1855 ) accepted as maurea spectabilis ( a . adams , 1855 )

» species calliostoma ( maurea ) waikanae w . r . b . oliver , 1926 accepted as maurea waikanae ( oliver , 1926 )

species calliostoma aculeatum g . b . sowerby iii , 1912 accepted as tristichotrochus aculeatus ( g . b . sowerby iii , 1912 )

species calliostoma correlatum ( c . a . fleming , 1943 ) † accepted as maurea correlata c . a . fleming , 1943 †

species calliostoma dnopherum ( r . b . watson , 1879 ) accepted as margarites dnopherus ( r . b . watson , 1879 )

species calliostoma deceptum e . a . smith , 1899 accepted as laetifautor deceptus ( e . a . smith , 1899 ) ( basionym )

» species calliostoma ( benthastelena ) coronatum b . a . marshall , 1995 accepted as benthastelena kanakorum ( b . a . marshall , 2001 )

» species calliostoma ( benthastelena ) kanakorum b . a . marshall , 2001 accepted as benthastelena kanakorum ( b . a . marshall , 2001 )

» species calliostoma ( maurea ) antipodense b . a . marshall , 1995 accepted as maurea antipodensis ( b . a . marshall , 1995 )

» species calliostoma ( maurea ) aupourianum b . a . marshall , 1995 accepted as maurea aupouriana ( b . a . marshall , 1995 )

» species calliostoma ( maurea ) eminens b . a . marshall , 1995 accepted as maurea eminens ( b . a . marshall , 1995 )

» species calliostoma ( maurea ) gibbsorum b . a . marshall , 1995 accepted as maurea gibbsorum ( b . a . marshall , 1995 )

» species calliostoma ( maurea ) jamiesoni b . a . marshall , 1995 accepted as maurea jamiesoni ( b . a . marshall , 1995 )

» species calliostoma ( maurea ) maui b . a . marshall , 1995 accepted as maurea maui ( b . a . marshall , 1995 )

» species calliostoma ( maurea ) penniketi b . a . marshall , 1995 accepted as maurea penniketi ( b . a . marshall , 1995 )

» species calliostoma ( maurea ) regale b . a . marshall , 1995 accepted as maurea regalis ( b . a . marshall , 1995 )

» species calliostoma ( maurea ) simulans b . a . marshall , 1994 accepted as maurea simulans ( b . a . marshall , 1994 )

species calliostoma arruense r . b . watson , 1880 accepted as calthalotia arruensis ( r . b . watson , 1880 ) ( original combination )

species calliostoma burnupi e . a . smith , 1899 accepted as dactylastele burnupi ( e . a . smith , 1899 ) ( original combination )

perron , f . e . ( 1975 ) . " carnivorous calliostoma ( prosobranchia : trochidae ) from the northeastern pacific " . veliger 18 : 52–54 .

marshall , b . a . ( 1995 ) . " a revision of the recent calliostoma species of new zealand " . the nautilus 108 : 83–127 .

» species calliostoma ( maurea ) correlatum ( c . a . fleming , 1943 ) † accepted as maurea correlata c . a . fleming , 1943 †

» species calliostoma ( fautor ) boucheti b . a . marshall , 1995 accepted as fautor boucheti ( b . a . marshall , 1995 ) ( basionym )

» species calliostoma ( fautor ) chesterfieldense b . a . marshall , 1995 accepted as fautor chesterfieldensis ( b . a . marshall , 1995 ) ( basionym )

» species calliostoma ( fautor ) houbricki b . a . marshall , 1995 accepted as fautor houbricki ( b . a . marshall , 1995 ) ( basionym )

» species calliostoma ( fautor ) metivieri b . a . marshall , 1995 accepted as fautor metivieri ( b . a . marshall , 1995 ) ( basionym )

» species calliostoma ( fautor ) necopinatum b . a . marshall , 1995 accepted as fautor necopinatus ( b . a . marshall , 1995 ) ( basionym )

» species calliostoma ( fautor ) paradigmatum b . a . marshall , 1995 accepted as fautor paradigmatus ( b . a . marshall , 1995 ) ( basionym )

» species calliostoma ( fautor ) periglyptum b . a . marshall , 1995 accepted as fautor periglyptus ( b . a . marshall , 1995 ) ( basionym )

» species calliostoma ( fautor ) richeri b . a . marshall , 1995 accepted as fautor richeri ( b . a . marshall , 1995 ) ( basionym )

» species calliostoma ( fautor ) vaubani b . a . marshall , 1995 accepted as fautor vaubani ( b . a . marshall , 1995 ) ( basionym )

clench w . & turner r . ( 1960 ) . " the genus calliostoma in the western atlantic " . johnsonia 4 ( 40 ) : 1 - 80 .

remarks . calliostoma delli tends to be broader than high ; one of the figured paratypes ( fig . 14 ) is unusually narrow , compared to most specimens on the type lot .

quinn , j . f . jr . ( 1992 ) . " new species of calliostoma and notes on some poorly known species from the western atlantic " . the nautilus 106 : 77–114 .

marshall , b . a . 1995 . a revision of the recent calliostoma species of new zealand ( mollusca : gastropoda : trochoidea ) . the nautilus 108 : 83 - 127 . [ details ]

» species calliostoma ( otukaia ) alertae b . a . marshall , 1995 accepted as otukaia blacki ( dell , 1956 ) accepted as maurea ( alertalex ) alertae ( b . a . marshall , 1995 )

contrary to what is the case in most other top shells , calliostoma deposits its eggs in gelatinous ribbons that are only fertilized after being deposited . the young emerge as small snails ( lebour , 1936 ) without passing through a free - living planktonic stage as a veliger larva .

( of trochus ( calliostoma ) swainson , 1840 ) swainson w . ( 1840 ) a treatise on malacology or shells and shell - fish . london , longman . viii + 419 pp . , available online at urltoken page ( s ) : 218 , 351 [ details ]

currently , calliostoma is being treated in worms as a broad genus . it is expected to be broken up and ( some ) subgenera will be elevated to the status of genus . at this moment ( 2013 ) , information is too fragmentary to assign all species in a revised genus .

holotype for calliostoma atlantoides quinn , 1992 catalog number : usnm 860261 collection : smithsonian institution , national museum of natural history , department of invertebrate zoology preparation : dry locality : st . lucia , caribbean sea , north atlantic ocean depth ( m ) : 417 to 589 vessel : pillsbury r / v

new records of live known calliostomatidae species from eastern and central tropical pacifie are listed , extending the distribution area of some of them . four new species are described and compared with similar species : calliostoma haapaiensis n . sp . , c . vaubanoides n . sp . , c . mesemorinon n . sp . and c . polysarkon n . sp .

after more than 2 years of preparations , the diatombase portal is now officially launched . . . .

last week - on may 30 and 31st – 8 thematic experts on talitridae came together for the first time during a lifewatch - worms sponsored workshop . the workshop took place at the hellenic centre for marine research in crete , where it was organized back - to - back with the 8th international sandy beaches symposium ( isbs ) . the group focused on identifying relevant traits for the talitridae , and adding this data through the amphipoda species database . . . .

on 23 april 2018 , a number of editors of the world register of introduced species ( wrims ) started a three day workshop in the flanders marine institute ( vliz ) . these three days were used to evaluate , complete and improve the content of this worms thematic register ( tsd ) . . . .

the 2nd worms early career researchers and 3rd worms achievement award were granted respectively to françois le coze and geoff read . congratulations ! . . .

in 2018 , to celebrate a decade of worms ' existence , it was decided to compile a list of our top marine species , both for 2017 and for the previous decade . . . .

the scleractinian corals are now accessible though their own list portal . this world list contains over 1 500 accepted names of extant species and is one of the most complete existing resources for scleractinian taxa . . .

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selastele marshall , b . a . , 1995 type species : selastele onustum odhner , n . h . j . , 1924

photinastoma powell , a . w . b . , 1951 type species : photinastoma taeniatum sowerby , g . b . i , 1825

photinula adams , h . g . & a . adams , 1854 type species : unknowngenustype

venustatrochus powell , a . w . b . , 1951 type species : venustatrochus georgianus powell , a . w . b . , 1951

akoya habe , t . , 1961 type species : akoya akoya kuroda , t . in ikeba , 1942

coralastele iredale , t . , 1930 type species : coralastele allanae iredale , t . , 1930

maurea oliver , w . r . b . , 1926 type species : maurea tigris gmelin , j . f . , 1791

astele swainson , w . a . , 1855 type species : astele subcarinata swainson , w . a . , 1855

astelena iredale , t . , 1924 type species : astelena scitulum adams , a . in adams , h . g . & a . adams , 1854

benthastelena iredale , t . , 1936 type species : benthastelena katherina iredale , t . , 1936

falsimargarita powell , a . w . b . , 1951 type species : falsimargarita gemma smith , e . a . , 1915

bathyfautor marshall , b . a . , 1995 type species : bathyfautor rapuhia marshall , b . a . , 1995

dactylastele marshall , b . a . , 1995 type species : dactylastele poupineli montrouzier , r . p . , 1875

fautrix marshall , b . a . , 1995 type species : fautrix candida marshall , b . a . , 1995

phenacomargarites marshall , b . a . , 2016 type species : phenacomargarites williamsae marshall , b . a . , 2016

margarella thiele , j . in troschel , f . h . & j . thiele , 1893 type species : margarella expansa sowerby , g . b . i , 1838

thysanodonta marshall , b . a . , 1988 type species : thysanodonta aucklandica marshall , b . a . , 1988

bruceina özdikmen , h . , 2013 type species : bruceina eos marshall , b . a . , 1988

carinastele marshall , b . a . , 1988 type species : carinastele kristelleae marshall , b . a . , 1988

dimensions : height 29 . 6 mm . diameter 30 . 9 min ( holotype , fig . 13 ) : height 24 . 3 mm , diameter 23 . 2 mm ( paratype , fig . 14 ) ; height 29 . 0 mm , diameter 26 . 0 ( paratype . fig . 15 ) .

material . chile : los vilos ( lacm , type lot , figs . 13 - 15 ) , papudo , zapallar , algarrobo , punta penablanca ( lacm ) , pichilemu , constitución . specimens examined : 114 .

type material . thirty - three specimens from the type locality , collected 29 may 1977 , by andrade , shrimp trawler goden wind , holotype , lacm 1980 ; paratypes , lacm 1981 ; paratypes , mnhn 200489 ; paratypes , mzicb 15 . 528 ; paratypes , usnm 784738 .

type locality . 400 m off los vilos , chile ( 31°56 ' s : 71°54 ' w ) .

distribution . los vilos ( 31°56 ' s ) to constitución , chile ( 35°20 ' s ) . depth range 200 - 450 m .

diagnosis . a species of the subgenus otukaia characterized by having three spiral cords prominent at all growth stages . it differs from the similarly sculptured c . blacki ( dell , 1956 ) from new zealand ( see dell , 1956 : 46 , pl . 7 , fig . 6 ) in being lower spired , and in having a weaker subsutural ( first ) cord and a stronger second cord .

etymology . we are pleased to name this species in honor of dr . richard k . dell of the national museum of new zealand , wellington . ”

mclean , j . h . and h . andrade . 1982 . large archibenthal gastropods of central chile : collections from an expedition of the r / v anton bruun and the chilean shrimp industry . los angeles county museum , contributions in sciences , 342 : 1 - 20 . urltoken ; = 2316

unconfirmed _ type : mclean , j . & andrade , h . 1982 . contributions in science ( natural history museum of los angeles county ) . 342 : 1 - 20 , figs . 1 - 56 .

holotype : quinn , j . f . 1992 . the nautilus . 106 ( 3 ) : 102 .

unconfirmed type : mclean , j . & andrade , h . 1982 . contributions in science ( natural history museum of los angeles county ) . 342 : 1 - 20 , figs . 1 - 56 .

depth range based on 1 specimen in 1 taxon . water temperature and chemistry ranges based on 1 sample . environmental ranges depth range ( m ) : 274 - 274 temperature range ( °c ) : 12 . 462 - 12 . 462 nitrate ( umol / l ) : 16 . 704 - 16 . 704 salinity ( pps ) : 35 . 456 - 35 . 456 oxygen ( ml / l ) : 3 . 043 - 3 . 043 phosphate ( umol / l ) : 1 . 235 - 1 . 235 silicate ( umol / l ) : 5 . 700 - 5 . 700 note : this information has not been validated . check this * note * . your feedback is most welcome .

stocks , k . 2009 . seamounts online : an online information system for seamount biology . version 2009 - 1 . world wide web electronic publication .

the distribution of this genus is worldwide , found mainly on hard substrata , although japanese species have been found on sandy bottoms . these snails occur from shallow waters to bathyal depths .

the rather thin , acute , coeloconoid ( = approaching conical shape but with concave sides ) shell is imperforate or rarely umbilicate . the whorls are smooth , often polished and spirally ridged or granular . the

perron , frank e . ; turner r . d . ( 1978 ) .

dall w . h . 1889 . reports on the results of dredging , under the supervision of alexander agassiz , in the gulf of mexico ( 1877 - 78 ) and in the caribbean sea ( 1879 - 80 ) , by the u . s . coast survey steamer " blake " , lieut . - commander c . d . sigsbee , u . s . n . , and commander j . r . bartlett , u . s . n . , commanding . xxix . report on the mollusca . part 2 , gastropoda and scaphopoda . bulletin of the museum of comparative zoölogy at harvard college 18 : 1 - 492 , pls . 10 - 40

vilvens c . ( 2012 ) new species and new records of seguenzioidea and trochoidea ( gastropoda ) from french polynesia . novapex 13 ( 1 ) : 1 - 23 . [ 10 march 2012 ] page ( s ) : 18

williams , s . t . ; k . m . donald , h . g . spencer and t . nakano ( march 2010 ) .

vilvens c . ( 2009 ) . new species and new records of calliostomatidae ( gastropoda : trochoidea ) from new caledonia and solomon islands . novapex 10 ( 4 ) : 125 - 163

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organic farming - externalities - biodiversity . . . nearly all non - crop , naturally occurring species observed in comparative farm land practice studies show a preference for organic farming both by . . . an average of 30 % more species inhabit organic farms . . . many weed species attract beneficial insects that improve soil qualities and forage on weed pests . . .

nemertea - taxonomy . . . comprises 100 marine species . . . comprises about 400 species . . . includes seven species , of which six live as commensals in the mantle of large clams and one in that of a freshwater snail . . .

nemertea - description - nervous system and senses . . . most nemertean species have just one pair of nerve cords , many species have additional paired cords , and some species also have a dorsal cord . . . in some species the cords lie within the skin , but in most they are deeper , inside the muscle layers . . . some species have paired cerebral organs , sacs whose only openings are to the outside . . .

orthoptera - life cycle . . . orthopteroid species have a paurometabolous life cycle or incomplete metamorphosis . . . the use of sound is generally crucial in courtship , and most species have distinct songs . . . the number of moults varies between species growth is also very variable and may take a few weeks to some months depending on food availability and weather conditions . . .

nemertea . . . all species have a proboscis which lies in the rhynchocoel when inactive but everts ( turns inside - out ) to emerge just above the mouth and capture the animal ' s prey with venom . . . a few species with stubby bodies filter feed and have suckers at the front and back ends , with which they attach to a host . . . most nemerteans have various chemoreceptors , and on their heads some species have a number of pigment - cup ocelli , which can detect light but not form an image . . .

to survive in a world full of stimuli ; but it prevents the survival of the aristocracy .

the question that will decide our destiny is not whether we shall expand into space . it is : shall we be one

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now showing : turkey - postage stamps ( 1863 - 2016 ) - 4420 stamps .

now showing : afghanistan - postage stamps ( 1990 - 1999 ) - 269 stamps .

, a revision of the recent species of exilia , formerly benthovoluta ( gastropoda : turbinellidae ) .

, protoconchs , dispersal and tectonic plates biogeography : new pacific species of morum ( gastropoda : harpidae ) .

morum clatratum n . sp . and morum roseum n . sp . are described from depths of 100 - 200 m in the marquesas islands . mode of development inferred from protoconch morphology and comparison with the protoconchs of harpa with teleplanic larvae suggests that the new species have planktotrophic larval development , and that they are expected to range widely outside the marquesas . in addition , morum kurzi , m . macdonaldi , and m . teramachii , with inferred planktotrophic development , and m . watanabei , with inferred non - planktotrophic development , are newly recorded from south pacific localities . the distribution of individual species of morum appears to reflect dispersal during the planktonic phase , rather than movement of the lithospheric plates on the geological scale . the caribbean morum oniscus and m . lamarckii , respectively with inferred non - planktotrophic and planktotrophic development , are treated as separate valid species .

, new worldwide cowries . descriptions of new taxa and revisions of selected groups of living cypraeidae ( mollusca : gastropoda )

, a new pleurotomariid ( gastropoda : pleurotomariidae ) from tonga islands , south pacific , bayerotrochus poppei sp . nov .

bayerotrochus poppei sp . nov . is hereby described and compared with other species of bayerotrochus from the south pacific .

castro , peter , williams , austin b . , cooper , lara l . , 2003 , revision of the family latreilliidae stimpson , 1858 ( crustacea , decapoda , brachyura ) , zoosystema , 25 , 4 , 601 - 634

phos alabastrum sp . nov . and p . boucheti sp . nov . are characterized by a striking bicarinate protoconch , a character they hâve in common with the carribean species oï antillophos woodring , 1928 . the colour of the protoconch and the absence of strong sculpture on the teleoconch distinguish both species from the australian p . sciilptilis watson , 1886 . p . deforgesi sp . nov . differs from the preceding species and from some species of h inia ( nassariidae ) in having a siphonal notch .

, the deep - water indo - pacific radiation of fusinus ( chryseofusus subgen . nov . ) ( gastropoda : fasciolariidae )

ofwegen , l . p . van , hartog , koos den , fautin , daphne g . , den hartog , j . c .

the sea anemone species isactinernus quadrilobatus carlgren , 1918 , and synactinernus fiavus carlgren , 1918 , which were described in new monotypic genera from few specimens collected in southern japan , are synonymized , based on many more specimens from the south pacific . as well as the geographic range , the depth range of this species has been extended to 110 - 700 m . the species had been distinguished primarily on whether the oral dise had four lobes ( i quadrilobatus ) or eight ( synactinernus flavus ) - we conclude their number is largely related to size of the animal . other features that carlgren had used to differentiate the genera ( and species ) are inconsistently present and do not correlate with lobe number .

bail , patrice , poppe , guido t . , groh , klaus , 2004 , the tribe lyriini . a revision of the recent species of the genera . lyria , callipara , harpulina , enaeta and leptoscapha , a conchological iconography , ix , 5 - 72

bail p . , poppe g . , 2004 , a conchological iconography . the tribe lyriini : a revision of the recent species of the genera lyria , callipara , harpulina , enaeta and leptoscapha . in conchbooks , 1 - 93

bamber , roger norman , marshall , bruce a . , richer de forges , bertrand

chan , tin‐yam , marshall , bruce a . , richer de forges , bertrand

, the ‘‘plesionika rostricrescentis ( bate , 1888 ) ’’ and ‘‘p . lophotes chace , 1985’’ species groups of plesionika bate , 1888 , with descriptions of five new species ( crustacea : decapoda : pandalidae )

hymenopenaeus obliquirostris ( bate , 1881 ) , a relatively poorly known species , is redescribed , figured and compared with h . halli bruce , 1966 . two other species of hymenopenaeus , h . methalli from the southwest pacific and h . fallax from hawaii , are described as new . all these species are closely related to one another . they are distinguished essentially by the presence or absence of a postrostral carina , the presence or absence of a fixed spine on the merus of the first pereopods , and the shape of parts of the thelycum and petasma .

galil , bella s . , 2004 , a new genus and species of leucosiid crabs ( crustacea , decapoda , brachyura ) from the indo - pacific ocean , zoosystema , 26 , 3 , 495 - 502

, on the genus cycloscala dall , 1889 ( gastropoda : epitoniidae ) in the indo - pacific , with comments on the type species , new records of known species , and the description of three new species .

all described indo - pacific taxa referable to the epitoniid genus cycloscala dall , 1889 are listed and evaluated . the type species , cycloscala echinaticosta ( d ' orbugny , 1842 ) is discussed . four described inod - pacific cycloscala species , considered valid herewith , are treated : cycloscala crenulata pease , 1867 ; c . gazae kilburn , 1985 ; c . hyalina sowerby ii , 1844 ; and c . revoluta hedley , 1899 . three new species are described : cycloscala armata , c . sardella , and c . montrouzieri .

hayashi , ken - ichi , marshall , bruce a . , richer de forges , bertrand

, revision of the pasiphaea cristata bate , 1888 species group of pasiphaea savigny , 1816 , with descriptions of four new species , and referral of p . australis hanamura , 1989 to alainopasiphaea hayashi , 1999 ( crustacea : decapoda : pasiphaeidae )

a new cratigonid genus and species , pseudopontophilus serratus n . gen . , n . sp . , is established from the southwestern pacific . the new genus is closely related to pontophilus leach , 18 17 and parapontophilus christoffersen , 1988 in having at least one pair of lateral teeth oil the rostrum and a postorbital suture on the carapace . it is distinguished from both pontophilus and parapontophilus in the completely loss of exopod on the first pereopod and the less reduced second pereopod . considerable variation in the number of median spines oil the carapace , which not appear to be correlated with either size or sex , is found in this new species .

komai , tomoyuki , marshall , bruce a . , richer de forges , bertrand

, a review of the indo - west pacific species of the genus glyphocrangon a . milne - edwards , 1881 ( excluding the g . caeca species group ) ( crustacea : decapoda : caridea : glyphocrangonidae )

, nassarius boucheti spec . nov . , a deep water species from the western pacific ( gastropoda , prosobranchia , nassariidae )

a new nassarius deep water species is described from the western pacific . the material was collected during several expeditions of the museum national d ' histoire nature lie , paris .

lemaitre , rafael , marshall , bruce a . , richer de forges , bertrand

macpherson , enrique , marshall , bruce a . , richer de forges , bertrand , 2004 , species of the genus munida leach , 1820 and related genera from fiji and tonga ( crustacea : decapoda : galatheidae ) , tropical deep - sea benthos , mémoires du muséum national d ' histoire naturelle , 23 , 191 , 231 - 292

mclaughlin , patsy a . , 2004 , redescription of tomopaguroides valdiviae ( balss , 1911 ) ( crustacea , decapoda , anomura , paguroidea , paguridae ) with notes on variation and female morphology , zoosystema , 26 , 3 , 469–482

norman , mark d . , boucher - rodoni , renata , hochberg , f . g .

, two new western pacific deep water species of nassarius ( gastropoda : prosobranchia : nassariidae ) : nassarius herosae sp . nov . and nassarius vanpeli sp . nov .

during several expeditions by the museum national d ' histoire naturel , paris , two hereby described deep water species of nassarius were collected .

, new species and new records of danilia ( gastropoda : chilodontidae ) from the western pacific .

new records of danilia species from the west - pacific are listed . danilia angulosa n . sp . , d . galeata n . sp . and d ; discordata n . sp . are described and compared with similar danilia species . a key to wetern pacific danilia species , including the new species , is proposed . the recent worldwide species of danilia , the number of which reach now therefore 11 , are listed with their main distinctive features in an appendix .

ahyong , shane t . , galil , bella s . , 2006 , polychelidae from the southern and western pacific ( decapoda , polychelida ) , zoosystema , 28 , 3 , 757 - 767

a new species of a turrid gastropod is described and compared with similar species . the new species has been collected in japan from okinawa prefecture and from wakayama prefecture , central honshu . it has also been taken off aliguay island in northern mindanao province , philippine islands , and from several localities in the western pacific . the nes species has a brown maculate pattern with numerous dark brown spots , a brownfish purple siphonal process and a rather deep , with anal sinus .

, penaeopsis bate , 1881 ( crustacea , decapoda , penaeidae ) récoltées dans le pacifique sud - ouest par les campagnes françaises depuis 1976 . description d ' une espèce nouvelle

the pasiphaea alcocki species group is treated herewith , as the third group of the genus pasiphaea savigny , 1816 . the group is primarily characterized by a deeply concave posterior margin of the telson and the distinctly carinate dorsal margin of the carapace and abdomen . the meri of the first and second pereopods are always armed with many spines , and the ischium and / or basis of the second pereopods are sometimes armed with spines . the group comprises 17 species including two new species both from musorstom material , pasiphaea ledoyeri n . sp . and pasiphaea major n . sp . , which are large size species . p . berentsae kensley , tranter & griffin , 1987 is proved to be a junior synonym of p . barnardi yaldwyn , 1971 . p . balssi burukovsky & romensky ; , 1987 is probably a junior synonym of p . rathbunae ( stebbing 1914a ) . a key to the species of p . alcocki group is presented . each species is diagnosed and most species are redescribed and / or figured .

a new genus and species , choneteuthis tongaensis gen . et sp . nov . , is described from the waters around tonga in the central south pacific ocean . the new genus does not clearly fit in any of the currently recognized subfamilies of the family sepiolidae , justifying a reconsideration of the subfamilial subdivision of the family .

, annotated catalogue of brachyuran type specimens ( crustacea , decapoda , brachyura ) deposited in the muséum national d’histoire naturelle , paris . part i . podotremata

o’hara , timothy d . , 2007 , seamounts : centres of endemism or species richness for ophiuroids ? , global ecology and biogeography , 16 , 6 , 720 - 732 doi : 10 . 1111 / j . 1466 - 8238 . 2007 . 00329 . x

, new species and new records of calliotropis ( gastropoda : chilodontidae : calliotropinae ) from indo - pacific .

new records of 25 calliotropis species from the indo - pacific area are listed , extending the distribution area of some of them . 30 new species and 1 new subspecies are described and compared with similar calliotropis species : c . conoeides n . sp . ; c . helix n . sp . ; c . cynee n . sp . ; c . chalkeie n . sp . ; c . ptykte n . sp . ; c . solomonensis n . sp . ; c . pistis n . sp . ; c . echidnoides n . sp . ; c . cycloeides n . sp . ; c . pyramoeides n . sp . ; c . coopertorium n . sp . ; c . asphales n . sp . ; c . nux n . sp . ; c . oros n . sp . ; c . oros marquisensis n . ssp . ; c . zone n . sp . ; c . hysterea n . sp . ; c . stegos n . sp . ; c . oregmene n . sp . ; c . cooperculum n . sp . ; c . keras n . sp . ; c . denticulus n . sp . ; c . dicrous n . sp . ; c . rostrum n . sp . ; c . pheidole n . sp . ; c . siphaios n . sp . ; c . nomisma n . sp . ; c . nomismasimilis n . sp . ; c . elephas n . sp . ; c . ostrideslithos n . sp . ; c . trieres n . sp .

baba , keiji , macpherson , enrique , poore , gary c . b . , ahyong , shane t . , bermudez , adriana , cabezas , patricia , lin , chia - wei , nizinski , martha , rodrigues , celso , schnabel , kareen e .

beu , alan g . , héros , virginie , cowie , robert h . , bouchet , philippe

, recent deep - water cassidae of the world . a revision of galeodea , oocorys , sconsia , echinophoria and relatedtaxa , with new genera and species ( mollusca , gastropoda )

dijkstra , henk h . , maestrati , philippe , héros , virginie , cowie , robert h . , bouchet , philippe

fifty - two deep - water species of pectinoidea ( 37 propeamussiidae , 1 entoliidae , 14 pectinidae ) are listed from norfolk ridge ( 11 species ) , loyalty islands ( 4 species ) , fiji islands ( 30 species ) , tonga ( 26 species ) , solomon islands ( 26 species ) and the marquesas archipelago ( 8 species ) . all species from fiji , tonga and the marquesas are new records and six species of propeamussiidae are new to science : propeamussium boucheti ( fiji and tonga ) , parvamussium biformatum ( solomons ) , parvamussium lozoueti ( fiji and tonga ) , parvamussium marquesanum ( marquesas ) , parvamussium polynesianum ( marquesas ) and similipecten herosae ( tonga ) . two new combinations ( hyalopecten tydemani , talochlamys gladysiae ) are introduced .

houart , roland , héros , virginie , cowie , robert h . , bouchet , philippe

lozouet , pierre , maestrati , philippe , héros , virginie , cowie , robert h . , bouchet , philippe

a little less than 100 species of cones are known in the literature from waters around the fiji islands , all intertidal to subtidal . we report here on the species taken by recent offshore and deep - water benthic sampling expeditions . samples were taken to depths of 1300 m , although cones were taken not deeper than 680 m . leaving aside two taxa of uncertain identity , the material contains 22 species from depths deeper than 100 m , all of which are new records for fiji , including four new species ( conus cakobaui spec . nov . , alive in 414 - 567 m ; c . joliveti spec . nov . , alive in 150 - 353 m ; c . fijisulcatus spec . nov . , alive in 150 - 188 m ; and c . gigasulcatus spec . nov . , alive in 290 - 300 m ) . a further 19 species are from depths shallower than 100 m , and these include six new records for fiji , including two new species ( c . fijiensis spec . nov . , alive in 80 - 120 m ; and c . sutanorcum spec . nov . , alive in 32 - 50 m ) .

oliverio , marco , héros , virginie , cowie , robert h . , bouchet , philippe

richer de forges , bertrand , ng , peter k . l . , 2008 , new records of deep - sea spider crabs of the genus cyrtomaia miers , 1886 , from the pacific ocean , with description of a new species ( crustacea : decapoda : brachyura : majidae ) , zootaxa , 1861 , 17 - 28

scarabino , victor , héros , virginie , cowie , robert h . , bouchet , philippe

a supplementary list of material examined is provided , completing the list given in a recently published paper revising the genus spinosipella worldwide ( simone & cunha , 2008 ) . most of the material belongs to the muséum national d’histoire naturelle , paris , france .

valdés , ángel , héros , virginie , cowie , robert h . , bouchet , philippe

ahyong , shane t . , ng , peter k . l . , 2009 , the cymonomidae of the philippines ( crustacea : decapoda : brachyura ) , with descriptions of four new species , the raffles bulletin of zoology , suppl . 20 , 233 - 246

lorenz f . , fehse d . , 2009 , the living ovulidae : a manual of the families of allied cowries : ovulidae , pediculariidae and eocypraeidae . , conchbooks

three new genera and five new species of epialtid majoid crabs are described from deep water in the western pacific . two new species of oxypleurodon miers , 1886 : o . sanctaeclausi n . sp . and o . annulatum n . sp . are described from the philippines . new specimens of the rare oxypleurodon carbunculum ( rathbun , 1906 ) from the hawaiian islands are also recorded . three new genera are established : garthinia n . gen . for g . disica n . sp . from the solomon islands ; guinotinia n . gen . for g . cordis n . sp . from new caledonia and g . lehouarnoi n . sp . from fiji and tonga ; and laubierinia n . gen . for sphenocarcinus nodosus rathbun , 1916 , and rochinia carinata griffin & tranter , 1986 .

, taxonomic revision of the genus paramunida baba , 1988 ( crustacea : decapoda : galatheidae ) : a morphological and molecular approach .

castro p . , 2010 , a new species and new records of palicoid crabs ( crustacea , decapoda , brachyura , palicoidea , palicidae , crossotonotidae ) from the indo - west pacific region , zoosystema , 32 , 1 , 73 - 86 doi : 10 . 5252 / z2010n1a3

o’hara , timothy d . , tittensor , derek p . , 2010 , environmental drivers of ophiuroid species richness on seamounts : ophiuroid seamount species richness , marine ecology , 31 , suppl . 1 , 26 - 38 doi : 10 . 1111 / j . 1439 - 0485 . 2010 . 00373 . x

rowden , ashley a . , schnabel , kareen e . , schlacher , thomas a . , macpherson , enrique , ahyong , shane t . , richer de forges , bertrand

bouchet , philippe , kantor , yuri i . , sysoev , alexander v . , puillandre , nicolas

o ' hara , timothy d . , rowden , ashley a . , bax , nicholas j .

geiger , daniel l . , 2012 , monograph of the little slit shells . volume 1 . introduction , scissurellidae , santa barbara museum of natural history monographs , santa barbara museum of natural history , 1 , 7

geiger , daniel l . , 2012 , monograph of the little slit shells . volume 2 . anatomidae , larocheidae , depressizonidae , sutilizonidae , temnocinclidae , santa barbara museum of natural history monographs , santa barbara museum of natural history , 2 , 7

fourteen species of muricidae referable to the ( sub ) genera promurex ponder & vokes , 1988 , pygmaepterys vokes , 1978 , murexsul lredale , 1915 , pazinotus vokes , 1970 , prototyphis ponder , 1972 , ponderia houart , 1986 , gemixystus iredale , 1929 , leptotrophon houart , 1995 and scabrotrophon mclean , 1996 are reported from new caledonia , the solomon islands and taiwan , to depths down to 1750 m . five new species are described : favartia ( pygmaepterys ) lifouensis n . sp . from new caledonia with range extension to the solomon islands , pazinotus chionodes n . sp . and gemixystus calcareus n . sp . from new caledonia , leptotrophon wareni n . sp . from the solomon islands and favartia ( pygmaepterys ) circinata n . sp . from taiwan .

two new species of timbellus are described from the coral sea and the new caledonia region with extension to fiji , tonga and the kermadec islands for one species . both species are compared to t . richeri ( houart , 1987 ) and t . vespertilio ( kuroda , 1959 ) . nine species of the genus timbellus are recorded from the coral sea and the new caledonia region . ouly one , t . bilobatus n . sp . is known from other localities in the indo - west pacific province .

kantor , yuri i . , puillandre , nicolas , rivasseau , audrey , bouchet , philippe

, neither a buccinid nor a turrid : a new family of deep - sea snails for belomitra p . fischer , 1883 ( mollusca , neogastropoda ) with a review of recent indo - pacific species

kilburn , richard n . , fedesov , alexander e . , olivera , baldomero m .

ahyong , shane t . , chan , tin‐yam , corbari , laure , ng , peter k . l .

lemaitre , rafael , ahyong , shane t . , chan , tin - yam , corbari , laure , ng , peter k . l .

ma , ka yan , chu , ka hou , ahyong , shane t . , chan , tin‐yam , corbari , laure , ng , peter k . l .

rouse , greg w . , jermiin , lars s . , wilson , nerida g . , eeckhaut , igor , lanterbecq , deborah , oji , tatsuo , young , craig m . , browning , teena , cisternas , paula , helgen , lauren e . , stuckey , michelle , messing , charles g .

roux , michel , eléaume , marc , hemery , lenaïg g . , améziane , nadia

six new species of the genus nassarius duméril , 1805 are described , based on material collected from the coral triangle and the south pacific . we combine traditional morphology - based descriptions with the molecular ( cytochrome c oxidase i - coi ) signature of the new species . new species are : nassarius ocellatus sp . nov . ( philippines to vanuatu ) , nassarius houbricki sp . nov . ( solomon islands to queensland and tonga ) , nassarius radians sp . nov . ( philippines to vanuatu ) , nassarius vanuatuensis sp . nov . ( vanuatu ) , nassarius velvetosus sp . nov . ( western australia to fiji ) and nassarius martinezi sp . nov . ( solomon islands to tonga ) .

vilvens , claude , williams , suzanne t . , herbert , david g .

a new genus , arxellia , is described in the family solariellidae . nine species are referred to this taxon , eight of which are new and are described in this paper ( arxellia trochos n . sp . , arxellia boucheti n . sp . , arxellia herosae n . sp . , arxellia helicoides n . sp . , arxellia tracheia n . sp . , arxellia thaumasta n . sp . , arxellia maestratii n . sp . and arxellia erythrea n . sp . ) . the previously described species bathymophila tenorioi poppe , tagaro & dekker , 2006 is reassigned to arxellia .

morassi , mauro , bonfitto , antonio , 2015 , new indo - pacific species of the genus teretia norman , 1888 ( gastropoda : raphitomidae ) , zootaxa , 3911 , 4 , 560 - 570 doi : 10 . 11646 / zootaxa . 3911 . 4 . 5

ter poorten , jan johan , 2015 , fragum vanuatuense spec . nov . , a small new fragum from the central indo - west pacific ( bivalvia , cardiidae ) , basteria , 79 , 4 - 6 , 114 - 120

chan , tin - yam , cleva , régis , chu , ka hou , 2016 , on the genus trachysalambria burkenroad , 1934 ( crustacea , decapoda , penaeidae ) , with descriptions of three new species , zootaxa , 4150 , 3 , 201 - 254 doi : 10 . 11646 / zootaxa . 4150 . 3 . 1

chen , chien - lin , goy , joseph w . , bracken - grissom , heather d . , felder , darryl l . , tsang , ling ming , chan , tin - yam , 2016 , phylogeny of stenopodidea ( crustacea : decapoda ) shrimps inferred from nuclear and mitochondrial genes reveals non - monophyly of the families spongicolidae and stenopididae and most of their composite genera , invertebrate systematics , 30 , 5 , 479 - 490 doi : 10 . 1071 / is16024

fraussen , koen , stahlschmidt , peter , héros , virginie , strong , ellen e . , bouchet , philippe

, the extensive indo - pacific deep - water radiation of manaria e . a . smith , 1906 ( gastropoda : buccinidae ) and related genera , with descriptions of 21 new species

fehse , dirk , 2017 , contributions to the knowledge of the triviidae , xxix - b . new triviidae from the fiji , visaya , suppl . viii , 31 - 48

fehse , dirk , 2017 , contributions to the knowledge of the triviidae , xxix - g . new triviidae from tonga islands , visaya , suppl . viii , 5 - 30

fehse , dirk , 2017 , contributions to the knowledge of the triviidae , xxix - k . new triviidae from the vanuatu , visaya , suppl . viii , 95 - 124

galindo , lee ann , kool , hugo h . , dekker , henk , 2017 , review of the nassarius pauperus ( gould , 1850 ) complex ( nassariidae ) : part 3 , reinstatement of the genus reticunassa , with the description of six new species , european journal of taxonomy , 275 , 1 - 43 doi : 10 . 5852 / ejt . 2017 . 275

mah , christopher l . , 2017 , overview of the ferdina - like goniasteridae ( echinodermata : asteroidea ) including a new subfamily , three new genera and fourteen new species , zootaxa , 4271 , 1 , 1 - 72 doi : 10 . 11646 / zootaxa . 4271 . 1 . 1

citation : musã©um national d ' histoire naturelle [ ed ] . 2018 . référentiel des campagnes de collectes , site web : urltoken . - v 2 . 18 . 2

( of fluxina dall , 1881 ) dall w . h . 1881 . reports on the results of dredging , under the supervision of alexander agassiz , in the gulf of mexico and in the caribbean sea ( 1877 - 78 ) , by the united states coast survey steamer " blake " , lieutenant - commander c . d . sigsbee , u . s . n . , and commander j . r . bartlett , u . s . n . , commanding . xv . preliminary report on the mollusca . bulletin of the museum of comparative zoölogy at harvard college , 9 ( 2 ) : 33 - 144 . , available online at urltoken page ( s ) : 51 [ details ]

vilvens c . ( 2009 ) . new species and new records of calliostomatidae ( gastropoda : trochoidea ) from new caledonia and solomon islands . novapex 10 ( 4 ) : 125 - 163 [ details ]

williams s . t . , donald k . m . , spencer h . g . & nakano t . ( 2010 ) molecular systematics of the marine gastropod families trochidae and calliostomatidae ( mollusca : superfamily trochoidea ) . molecular phylogenetics and evolution 54 : 783 - 809 . [ details ]


atelopus andinus , the andes stubfoot toad , is a species of toad in the family bufonidae endemic to peru .

its natural habitats are subtropical or tropical moist lowland forests , subtropical or tropical moist montane forests , and rivers .

atelopus andinus

atelopus andinus <EOT> atelopus pulcher andinus — peters , 1973 , smithson . contrib . zool . , 145 : 42 .

atelopus andinus — lötters and de la riva , 1998 , j . herpetol . , 32 : 481 - 488 .

atelopus spumarius andinus rivero , 1968 , caribb . j . sci . , 8 : 23 . holotype : amnh 43200 ( erroneously cited as 4300 in the original publication , according to lötters , 1996 , neotrop . toad genus atelopus : 49 ) . type locality : " upper biabo valley , perú " .

can be differentiated from other atelopus species by its grandular skin and color pattern . specifically ,

rivero , j . a . ( 1968 ) . ' ' more on the atelopus ( amphibia , salientia ) from western south america . ' '

duellman , w . e . , lynch , j . d . ( 1969 ) . ' ' description of atelopus tadpoles and their relevance to the atelopoid classication . ' '

the species authority is : rivero , j . a . 1968 . more on the atelopus ( amphibia , salientia ) from western south america . caribbean journal of science : 19 - 29 .

lotters , s . ( 2003 ) . ' ' on the systematics of the harlequin frogs ( amphibia : bufonidae : atelopus ) from amazonia . iii : a new , remarkably dimorphic species from the cordillera azul , peru . ' '

there are no reports of chytridiomycosis impacting this atelopus species , but it is presumed to be susceptible to this pathogen , which is now causing amphibian declines in northern peru . it is possible that populations of this species at lower altitudes might be able to survive an outbreak of the disease .

is diurnal . when these frogs lay eggs , they come out in stringed clusters that are unpigmented in torrential streams . based on the study of other atelopus tadpoles , it could be likely that tadpoles of this species would possess a large ventral mouth , suctorial disk , a median anal tube , and breathe by using buccal pumping . ( duellman and lynch 1969 ) . these frogs prey primarily on small insects and other small organisms ( lotters 2003 ) .

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frost , d . r . 2014 . amphibian species of the world : an online reference . version 6 ( 27 january 2014 ) . new york , usa . available at : urltoken . ( accessed : 27 january 2014 ) .

justification : listed as critically endangered because of a population decline , projected to be more than 50 % over the next 10 years , inferred from the possible impact of chytridiomycosis on this species .

this species is restricted to the upper río biabo valley ( northern versant of the cordillera azul ) ( departamento de san martín ) , the río pisqui , ( departamento loreto ) , and río cachiyacu ( on the border of departamentos san martín and loreto ) , peru . its recorded altitudinal range is 1 , 000 - 2 , 000m asl .

there is no information on its current population status , but it has been seen as recently as 2004 near iquitos .

it is a terrestrial species restricted to submontane tropical forest . breeding is thought to take place in streams . this species is presumed to be susceptible to habitat change and is therefore not expected to occur in any modified or degraded habitats

this species is present in the parque nacional cordillera azul . given the susceptibility of this species to chytridiomycosis , successful conservation measures are likely to require some form of disease management programme and the maintenance of captive populations .

stefan lötters , antonio salas , ariadne angulo , javier icochea , robert reynolds , enrique la marca . 2004 .

to make use of this information , please check the < terms of use > .

are slender toads with type male of this species reach 28 mm and type female 34 . 9 mm in terms of total length . the head is approximately as long as it is wide . total leg length is slightly shorter than snout vent length . and the foot is about a third of the snout vent length . their skin is highly granular with a spiny texture that is concentrated on their eyelids , dorsolatera area , and posterior end . the limbs are less granular . otherwise the description is similar to that of

by having more dense tubercles , especially on the eyelid , dorsolateral area , and posterior end . additionally , the dorsolateral band and dorsal spots are tan instead of ranging from green to green - yellow in

has a black dorsum with a tan dorsolateral band and tan dorsal spots ( rivero 1968 ) . they exhibit bright colors , which serve as visual warnings that these frogs do secrete toxins in their skin ( lotters 2003 ) .

species are habitat degradation , destruction , and disease . currently the population is declining . this species is present in the parque nacional cordillera azul . a disease management program is likely needed for successful conservation due to this species vulnerability to chytridiomycosis ( lotters et al . 2004 ) .

lötters , s . , salas , a . , angulo , a . , icochea , j . , reynolds , r . , la marca e . ( 2004 ) .

. in : iucn 2013 . iucn red list of threatened species . version 2013 . 2 . www . iucnredlist . org . downloaded on 11 april 2014 .

taylor bonnet ( taylor62591 at gmail . com ) , university of nevada , reno

> university of california , berkeley , ca , usa . accessed jul 9 , 2018 .

> university of california , berkeley , ca , usa . accessed 9 jul 2018 .

* will not find nomina inquirenda ; use basic search ( above ) for that purpose .

will find all uses of " hyl . . . " anywhere in a record : e . g . , hylarana , hyla , hylidae , hylinae , hylaedactyla .

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upper río biabo valley in the amazon basin of eastern peru ( departamentos san martín and loreto ) , 1000 - 2000 m elevation .

see photograph , map , description of geographic range and habitat , and conservation status in stuart , hoffmann , chanson , cox , berridge , ramani , and young , 2008 , threatened amph . world : 160 . lötters , 2005 , in rueda - almonacid et al . ( eds . ) , ranas arlequines : 55 , provided a brief account .

please note : these links will take you to external websites not affiliated with the american museum of natural history . we are not responsible for their content .

for access to available specimen data for this species , from over 350 scientific collections , go to vertnet .

copyright © 1998 - 2018 , darrel frost and the american museum of natural history . all rights reserved .

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frost , darrel r . 2004 . amphibian species of the world : an online reference . version 3 . 0 ( 22 august , 2004 ) . electronic database accessible at urltoken american museum of natural history , new york , usa

amphibian species of the world : an online reference v5 . 3 , database ( version 5 . 3 )

frost , darrel r . 2009 . amphibian species of the world : an online reference . version 5 . 3 ( 12 february , 2009 ) . electronic database accessible at urltoken american museum of natural history , new york , usa

confused by a class within a class or an order within an order ? please see our brief essay .

to cite this page : myers , p . , r . espinosa , c . s . parr , t . jones , g . s . hammond , and t . a . dewey . 2018 . the animal diversity web ( online ) . accessed at https : / / animaldiversity . org .

disclaimer : the animal diversity web is an educational resource written largely by and for college students . adw doesn ' t cover all species in the world , nor does it include all the latest scientific information about organisms we describe . though we edit our accounts for accuracy , we cannot guarantee all information in those accounts . while adw staff and contributors provide references to books and websites that we believe are reputable , we cannot necessarily endorse the contents of references beyond our control .

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emballonura is a genus of sac-winged bat in the family emballonuridae .

it contains the following species : small asian sheath-tailed bat ( emballonura alecto ) peters 's sheath-tailed bat ( emballonura atrata ) beccari 's sheath-tailed bat ( emballonura beccarii ) large-eared sheath-tailed bat ( emballonura dianae ) greater sheath-tailed bat ( emballonura furax ) lesser sheath-tailed bat ( emballonura monticola ) raffray 's sheath-tailed bat ( emballonura raffrayana ) pacific sheath-tailed bat ( emballonura semicaudata ) seri 's sheath-tailed bat ( emballonura serii ) western sheath-tailed bat ( emballonura tiavato )

emballonura

emballonura <EOT> recently described as a new species in a split from emballonura atrata ( goodman et al . 2006 ) .

this species may be confused with emballonura alecto which occurs in sympatry with e . monticola on the island of borneo ( corbet and hill 1992 ) .

this recently described species is endemic to madagascar ( goodman et al . 2006 ) . it is restricted to the karstic lowland areas in the western part of the island , extending from the drier areas in the north in diana region to parc national tsingy de bemaraha in the west ( goodman et al . 2005 ) . a record from toliara in the extreme south has also been attributed to this species ( peterson et al . 1995 ) , but the specimen was not examined as part of the recent reassessment of emballonura taxonomy on madagascar ( goodman et al . 2006 ) . the distribution of this species would be significantly reduced if the toliara specimen was omitted . it is currently known to range between 10 and 330 m elevation ( goodman et al . 2006 ) .

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i thought you might be interested in this item at urltoken title : mammal species of the world : a taxonomic and geographic reference author : don e wilson ; deeann m reeder publisher : baltimore : johns hopkins university press , ©2005 . isbn / issn : 0801882214 9780801882210 0801882389 9780801882388 0801882397 9780801882395 oclc : 57557352

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" wilson and reeder ' s mammal species of the world is the classic reference book on the taxonomic classification and distribution of the more than 5400 species of mammals that exist today . the third edition includes detailed information on nomenclature and , for the first time , common names . each concise entry covers type locality , distribution , synonyms , and major reference sources . the systematic arrangement of information indicates evolutionary relationships at both the ordinal and the family level . this indispensable reference work belongs in public and academic libraries throughout the world and on the shelf of every biologist who works with mammals . " - - publisher ' s website .

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there is the possibility of confusion with e . monticola ( c . francis pers . comm . 2006 ) .

hutson , a . m . , racey , p . a . ( chiroptera red list authority ) , chanson , j . & chiozza , f . ( global mammal assessment team )

justification : this species is listed as least concern in view of its wide distribution , presumed large population , and although populations are declining due to deforestation , it is unlikely to be occurring at nearly the rate required to qualify for listing in a threatened category .

the species occurs in borneo , philippines , sulawesi and other indonesian islands . in the philippines , it is probably found throughout except the batanes / babuyan region . records are from balabac , biliran , bohol , camiguin , catanduanes , dinagat , guimaras , leyte , luzon ( camarines sur , laguna , quezon provinces ) , maripipi , mindanao ( davao del norte , davao del sur , zamboanga del norte , and zamboanga del sur provinces ) , negros , panay ( heaney et al . 1998 ) . it is found across borneo .

in the philippines the species is common in areas with caves , including in or near secondary forest ; but is apparently rare elsewhere ( heaney et al . 1998 ) . in indonesia the species is common in the eastern part of its range ( i . maryanto pers . comm . ) .

it is found in lowland disturbed forest , as well as agricultural areas near remnant forest . most records are from caves , under large boulders , crevices , overhangs , or in man - made tunnels ( heaney et al . 1991 ; ingle 1992 ; rabor 1986 ; rickart et al . 1993 ; taylor 1934 ; heaney et al . 1998 ) . the species tends to roost close to the entrance of caves ( l . heaney pers . comm . ) . there are no records from old growth forest ( l . heaney and d . balete pers . comm . ) .

there are no major threats to this species . however , there is ongoing disturbance to caves , but whether this affects the species is not currently known ( d . balete , l . heaney and a . suyanto pers . comm . 2006 ) .

in the philippines , this species is found in protected areas , but most of these areas in the lowlands afford minimal protection . as with other species dependent on caves and crevices , there is a need to assess the population status , including the surrounding forest areas , across its range . elsewhere in its range , it occurs in some protected areas .

to make use of this information , please check the < terms of use > .

lamoreux , j . ( global mammal assessment team ) , racey , p . a . , medellín , r . & hutson , a . m . ( chiroptera red list authority )

justification : although this species is known mainly from scattered records from a large area , it is listed as least concern in view of its wide distribution , presumed large population , and because it is unlikely to be declining fast enough to qualify for listing in a threatened category .

this species is known from papua new guinea and the solomon islands . in papua new guinea it has been recorded from east new britain , gulf , new ireland , southern highlands , and western provinces . in the solomon islands it has been recorded from the islands of guadalcanal , rennel , malaita , and santa isabel ( bonaccorso 1998 ) . it may be present on other islands within the solomons group . this species ranges from sea level to 1 , 400 m asl ( mu , east new britain province ) .

the species is considered to be rare , but it may be more abundant than is currently known ( bonaccorso 1998 ) . the occurrence of this species across several biogeographic regions ( mainland new guinea , the bismarck archipelago , and solomon islands ) may indicate that there is little genetic connectivity between some populations ( s . hamilton pers . comm . ) .

this is a cave - dwelling , insectivorous species that has been recorded from mossy tropical forest ( bonaccorso 1998 ) . females are believed to give birth to two young per year ( bonaccorso 1998 ) .

it is threatened by deforestation and may be locally impacted by collection for food .

suitable conservation actions for this species are the protection of known roosting caves , and identification of additional important roosting sites . there are no known records of this species from protected areas , but it may occur in some within its range in papua new guinea .

justification : listed as endangered because its extent of occurrence is less than 5 , 000 km 2 , its distribution is severely fragmented , and there is continuing decline in the quality of its habitat , number of locations , and the number of mature individuals .

this species was previously a common species over much of its range . e . s . rotensis was last observed on guam in 1972 , and was thought to have become extinct in the northern mariana islands after 1932 until recent confirmation of a population on aguiguan island in 1984 . it is estimated that 150 to 300 animals remain there with no immediate threats ( hutson et al . 2001 ) . populations in fiji have significantly declined and may be extinct on viti levu ( flannery 1995 ) . the subspecies e . s . sulcata and e . s . palauensis are thought to be stable , but there are limited data to support this ( hutson et al . 2001 ) .

this is a small ( five gram ) bat with high site fidelity to caves . e . semicaudata is usually considered a cave - dependent species ( it prefers cave entrances ) , but it also has been found roosting beneath overhanging cliffs . the species has been recorded flying in daylight under forest , but normally emerges at dusk . details of its diet are not known ( hutson et al . 2001 ) . e . s . rotensis is found primarily in forested habitats on aguiguan ( esselsytn et al . 2004 ) .

although there have been no conservation actions to protect this species to date , it is fully protected by legislation in samoa , guam , and in the northern marianas islands . suitable conservation actions for this species include the protection of known roosting caves , and the identification of additional important roosting sites . surveys are needed on population status and trends , as well as ecology , and threats ( e . g . , pesticide levels ) . a proposed survey of fossil remains on many of the southern islands of its historical range could yield potential translocation sites .

justification : this species is listed as least concern in view of its wide distribution , presumed large population , its occurrence in a number of protected areas , and because it is unlikely to be declining at nearly the rate required to qualify for listing in a threatened category . however it is potentially sensitive to forest loss and may become threatened in the future by continued deforestation .

this species occurs in myanmar and thailand to western malaysia , borneo ( all of the island ) and indonesia ( sumatra , riau archipelago , bangka , belitung , enggano , babi islands , batu islands , nias island , mentawai islands , java , sulawesi ) ( simmons 2005 ) . the distribution in sulawesi is uncertain . there is a new record from southern thailand , near phanom , suggesting that the myanmar population is linked to that of southern thailand and malaysia ( s . bumrungsri and p . bates pers . comm . ) . this species may also have been recorded from buton ( t . kingston pers . comm . ) . it is found at an altitude of about 50 m in southern myanmar and 330 m asl in sumatra ( a . suyanto pers . comm . ) .

there is very little population information for this species . it is relatively common on the islands of southern myanmar ( p . banks pers . comm . ) .

this species is found in limestone caves and small crevices throughout secondary forest in southern myanmar where colony size reaches 50 individuals . in southern thailand a maximum of 100 individuals are found in manmade caves while smaller colonies are found under hanging rock in tropical lowland forest ( s . bumrungsri pers . comm . ) . in peninsular malaysia e . monticola occurs in lowland rainforest , roosts under fallen trees , buttresses and tables ( c . francis pers . comm . ) .

there are no major threats to this species throughout its range . extraction of limestone may lead to the destruction of caves where this species is found . deforestation for agriculture , plantations , logging and as a result of fire is a major threat in some parts of its range .

goodman , s . m . , puechmaille , s . j . , friedli - weyeneth , n . , gerlach , j . , ruedi , m . , corrie schoeman , m . , stanley , w . t . and teeling , e . c . 2012 . phylogeny of the emballonurini ( emballonuridae ) with descriptions of a new genus and species from madagascar . journal of mammalogy 93 ( 6 ) : 15440 - 1455 .

following a recent taxonomic revision based on genetic and morphological comparisons , this species is now confined to the east of madagascar , with the smaller e . tiavato occurring in the west ( goodman et al . 2006 ) .

justification : this species is listed as least concern because it is relatively widespread in eastern madagascar and although its population is certainly decreasing as the humid forest is converted into agricultural areas there is no evidence that the decrease has been rapid enough to warrant near threatened or threatened status .

this species is restricted to the humid zone of eastern madagascar and has been recorded from around maroantsetra in the north to tolagnaro ( fort dauphin ) in the south ( goodman et al . 2006 ) . it is known from a wide elevational range , from as low as 30 m ( goodman et al . 2006 ) to at least 900 m ( randrianandriananina et al . 2006 ) .

there is no information on population size . this species is rarely trapped in flight or detected acoustically and information on populations and distribution is mainly from bats found in caves . colony size in caves rarely exceeds 20 individuals ( jenkins et al . 2007 ) .

paremballonura atrata is usually found roosting in caves and small crevices in or near to relatively intact humid forest ( goodman et al . 2006 , randrianandrianina et al . 2006 , kofoky et al . 2007 , jenkins et al . 2007 ) . it is considered to be dependent on relatively intact forest ( goodman et al . 2005 , 2006 ) .

this species is collected by people for bushmeat in one part of eastern madagascar ( d . andriafidison pers . comm ) . otherwise , forest clearance for expanding agriculture threatens the foraging and roosting sites for this species ( jenkins et al . 2007 ) .

this species has been recorded from parc national de mantadia ( randrianandrianina et al . 2006 ) and parc national de midongy du sud ( goodman et al . 2006 ) as well as from a network of protected sites around the baie de antogil ( goodman et al . 2006 ) . it probably does not require specific conservation action as long as forest vegetation is protected , but local populations should be monitored at roosting sites .

justification : although this species is known only from scattered records it is listed as least concern in view of the wide distribution of these records , presumed large population , lack of any known major threats , and because it is unlikely to be declining fast enough to qualify for listing in a threatened category .

this species is known from indonesia , papua new guinea , and the solomon islands . it has been recorded from the indonesian islands of halmahera , ambon , seram , gebe , yapen , biak , numfor , and supiori . it is present throughout much of the island of new guinea ( papua province , indonesia and central , chimbu , east sepik , and eastern provinces of papua new guinea ) , and also occurs on new ireland , lihir , tabar islands , bougainville , and buka , papua new guinea . in the solomon islands , it has been reported from the islands of guadalcanal , malaita , new georgia , and sanata isabel ( bonaccorso 1998 ; flannery 1995a , b ) . it has an elevational range of sea level to 1 , 600 m asl .

flannery ( 1995a ) reports that this is a relatively common species on new guinea .

this species inhabits shallow limestone caves and mining tunnels , with colonies typically consisting of between ten and 30 animals ( bonaccorso 1998 ; flannery 1995a ) . it is an insectivorous species that combines aerial feeding with foliage gleaning ( bonaccorso 1998 ) .

suitable conservation actions for this species are the protection of known roosting caves , and identification of additional important roosting sites . the species has been recorded from crater mountain wildlife management area ( d . wright pers . comm . ) .

justification : this bat is listed as least concern because although this species is declining due to the impacts of ongoing forest loss due to shifting agriculture and logging the reduction of suitable habitat is not thought to be sufficient to warrant listing in a higher category of threat . however , this species is not abundant within its range and requires close population monitoring and a reassessment may be needed in the near future .

roosting colonies of p . tiavato are usually relatively small ( < 20 individuals ) .

it appears to be associated with relatively intact forest and is believed to be forest dependent ( goodman et al . 2005 , 2006 ) . it is usually found roosting in the entrances to narrow caves and overhangs on rocks that receive weak sunlight ( cardiff 2006 , goodman et al . 2006 , kofoky et al . 2007 ) . at night it has been observed resting on buildings ( goodman et al . 2006 ) . it feeds in forest understorey and over small streams with bank side vegetation ( robinson et al . 2006 ) . its diet includes lepidoptera ( razakarivony et al . 2005 ) .

the species is threatened by habitat loss due to slash - and - burn agriculture ( tavy ) and from charcoal collecting and logging . other potential threats come from the disturbance of roosting caves from tourists ( kofoky et al . 2007 ) , fire ( jenkins et al . 2007 ) or mining ( cardiff 2006 ) .

it is known from three protected areas , parc national tsingy de bemaraha , réserve spéciale d’ankarana , réserve spéciale d ' analamerana ( goodman et al . 2005 ) .

justification : previous assessments were limited by the availability of information on distribution . in recent years , new records of presence based on captures and recordings of its signature echolocation call , along with regional acoustic surveys , have extended the known and possible range of this species . as a result of this new information , and given the lack of identified key threats , this species does not currently match the criteria for listing as threatened .

the only significant threat to this species is broad - scale deforestation for forestry and the establishment of plantations . destruction or major disturbance of roost sites might pose a threat if large communal aggregations feature as part of the species’ reproductive behaviour . a significant part of the species range is made up of rugged karst terrain that is unlikely to be subject to large scale clearance or disturbance .

roost sites near crater mountain in chimbu province fall within the crater mountain wildlife management area . further ecological studies are needed .

proposed endangered status for five species from american samoa ; proposed rule ; reopening of public comment period and notice of public hearing .

no critical habitat rules have been published for the pacific sheath - tailed bat .

- - natureserve explorer is a source for authoritative conservation information on more than 50 , 000 plants , animals and ecological communtities of the u . s and canada . natureserve explorer provides in - depth information on rare and endangered species , but includes common plants and animals too . natureserve explorer is a product of natureserve in collaboration with the natural heritage network .

itis reports - - itis ( the integrated taxonomic information system ) is a source for authoritative taxonomic information on plants , animals , fungi , and microbes of north america and the world .

fws digital media library - - the u . s . fish and wildlife service ' s national digital library is a searchable collection of selected images , historical artifacts , audio clips , publications , and video .


mylochromis gracilis , known as the happy or the haplochromis torpedo stripe ( in aquarium trade ) , is a species of cichlid endemic to lake malawi where it is only known from sandy areas in the southern end of the lake .

this species can reach a length of 22 centimetres ( 8.7 in ) tl .

mylochromis gracilis

mylochromis gracilis <EOT> a male of mylochromis gracilis from senga bay , lake malawi [ malawi ] . photo by ad konings . determiner ad konings

conservation : mylochromis gracilis is evaluated by the international union for the conservation of nature in the iucn red list of threatened species as ( lc ) least concern ( 2006 ) .

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this species previously appeared on the iucn red list in the genus sciaenochromis eccles & trewavas , 1989 but is now valid in the genus mylochromis regan , 1920 . an amended assessment has been produced to reflect this taxonomic change .

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thank you for taking the time to provide feedback on the iucn red list of threatened species website , we are grateful for your input .

eschmeyer , w . n . , fricke , r . and van der laan , r . ( eds ) . 2017 . catalog of fishes : genera , species , references . updated 30 june 2017 . available at : urltoken . ( accessed : 30 june 2017 ) .

snoeks , j . ( freshwater fish red list authority ) & darwall , w . ( freshwater biodiversity assessment programme )

justification : endemic to lake malawi where it is widespread throughout the southern part of the lake with no known major widespread threats .

endemic to lake malawi where it is only known from the southern part of the lake .

observed over sandy habitats where it feeds on small fishes and invertebrates . known as " haplochromis torpedo stripe " in the aquarium trade . max . size : 22 cm tl .

( amended version of 2006 assessment ) . the iucn red list of threatened species 2017 : e . t60968a117850179 .

to make use of this information , please check the < terms of use > .

greek , mylo = mill + greek , chromis = a fish without identification , perhaps a perch ( ref . 45335 )

freshwater ; demersal ; ph range : 7 . 5 - 8 . 3 ; dh range : 5 - 30 . tropical ; 24°c - 26°c ( ref . 13614 ) ; 12°s - 15°s

maturity : l m ? range ? - ? cm max length : 22 . 0 cm tl male / unsexed ; ( ref . 5595 )

has been observed over sand . preys on small fish , mainly cichlids , and on invertebrates collected from the sand ( ref . 5595 ) .

maréchal , c . , 1991 . sciaenochromis . p . 440 - 441 . in j . daget , j . - p . gosse , g . g . teugels and d . f . e . thys van den audenaerde ( eds . ) check - list of the freshwater fishes of africa ( cloffa ) . isnb , brussels ; mrac , tervuren ; and orstom , paris . vol . 4 . ( ref . 5692 )

phylogenetic diversity index ( ref . 82805 ) : pd 50 = 0 . 5000 [ uniqueness , from 0 . 5 = low to 2 . 0 = high ] .

bayesian length - weight : a = 0 . 01514 ( 0 . 00700 - 0 . 03275 ) , b = 2 . 97 ( 2 . 80 - 3 . 14 ) , in cm total length , based on lwr estimates for this ( sub ) family - body shape ( ref . 93245 ) .

trophic level ( ref . 69278 ) : 4 . 0 ±0 . 61 se ; based on food items .

resilience ( ref . 69278 ) : high , minimum population doubling time less than 15 months ( preliminary k or fecundity . ) .

vulnerability ( ref . 59153 ) : low vulnerability ( 24 of 100 ) .

new fish have been released . . . . and where will all my new fish go ? a clue near the end

eol content is automatically assembled from many different content providers . as a result , from time to time you may find pages on eol that are confusing .

to request an improvement , please leave a comment on the page . thank you !

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disclaimer : itis taxonomy is based on the latest scientific consensus available , and is provided as a general reference source for interested parties . however , it is not a legal authority for statutory or regulatory purposes . while every effort has been made to provide the most reliable and up - to - date information available , ultimate legal requirements with respect to species are contained in provisions of treaties to which the united states is a party , wildlife statutes , regulations , and any applicable notices that have been published in the federal register . for further information on u . s . legal requirements with respect to protected taxa , please contact the u . s . fish and wildlife service .

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designed for internet explorer 6 . 0 + , netscape 6 . 0 + , opera , mozilla , and safari use sitemap if you have any problems viewing the new drop - down menus .

species profiles presents in depth studies , articles , and information surrounding the numerous species of lake malawi cichlids .

pam chin has been replying to cichlid questions for over twenty years . highly respected and experienced aquarist , pam has visited cichlid habitats around the world , and bred in her ' s and her husband gary fish house hundreds of cichlid species . besides her job , she still devotes time to help any person with a cichlid question !

articles for sale beautifully formatted and wonderfully illustrated pdf articles about all matters relative to cichlids .

books for sale cichlid books and dvds for sale at the cichlid room companion .

e - books for sale pdf copies of popular cichlid books offered for sale at the best price .

trade section the master list of cichlid offers ordered by area and species name .

trewavas , ethelwynn . 1935 . " a synopsis of the cichlid fishes of lake nyasa " . annals and magazine of natural history . series 10 ; pp . 65 - 118 ( crc00118 )

to view the full profile . see this and all other species profiles , pictures and videos by becoming a

of the cichlid room companion . become a subscriber and get a free book the same value of your membership ! you can also open the full profile for everyone to see by

sometimes taxonomists create new names for groups that already have a name . they may do this because they are unaware of the original name , or they may think the organism before them belongs to a different group when in fact it does not . if two or more names are found to apply to the same group , they are considered synonyms . in most cases , the first name takes priority and is considered to be the valid or accepted name . however , there can be exceptions , and it ' s not always easy to determine which of a series of synonyms should be considered valid or accepted . here we list the synonyms provided to eol by our classification partners . we also include other versions of the name that most likely refer to the same group , for example , misspellings in the literature or different variations of the authorship associated with the name .

confused by a class within a class or an order within an order ? please see our brief essay .

to cite this page : myers , p . , r . espinosa , c . s . parr , t . jones , g . s . hammond , and t . a . dewey . 2018 . the animal diversity web ( online ) . accessed at https : / / animaldiversity . org .

disclaimer : the animal diversity web is an educational resource written largely by and for college students . adw doesn ' t cover all species in the world , nor does it include all the latest scientific information about organisms we describe . though we edit our accounts for accuracy , we cannot guarantee all information in those accounts . while adw staff and contributors provide references to books and websites that we believe are reputable , we cannot necessarily endorse the contents of references beyond our control .

this material is based upon work supported by the national science foundation grants drl 0089283 , drl 0628151 , due 0633095 , drl 0918590 , and due 1122742 . additional support has come from the marisla foundation , um college of literature , science , and the arts , museum of zoology , and information and technology services .