cloonlara ( 28 april 1974 – august 1981 ) was an american-bred , irish-trained thoroughbred racehorse and broodmare .

although she never contested a group one race as a two-year-old , cloonlara was regarded as the best juvenile filly to race in europe in 1976 .

she won all three of her races that year by wide margins , culminating in a six length win over colts in the national stakes .

she missed the rest of the season through injury and failed to reproduce her best form in 1977 , when she became increasingly temperamental .

cloonlara made a highly-promising start to her breeding career before dying at the age of seven in 1981 .

cloonlara ( horse )

cloonlara ( horse ) <EOT> top 10 stables & horse riding near cloonlara , cloonlara , co . clare - yelp

members of the irish army fill place sandbags on seafield road , cloonlara co . clare , yesterday photo : tony gavin

council workers place sandbags outside of a house on seafield road , cloonlara co . clare , yesterday photo : tony gavin

, regarded as the best british filly of her generation , was withdrawn on the eve of the race . hide tracked cloonlara before sending mrs mcardy into the lead two furlongs from the finish . mrs mcardy established a decisive advantage and was never seriously challenged in the closing stages , winning by two lengths from freeze the secret , with sanedtki narrowly beating cloonlara for third .

i would highly recommend irish sport equine to anyone looking for a new horse .

the horse goddess by morgan llywelyn , a novel of epona , has received good reviews .

aughinish in county clare and county donegal comes from the irish each inis , which means ' horse island . ' these places were probably named after favourite horse pastures . irish place names .

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more irish names derived from " horse " < urltoken horsenames . html > updated july 7 , 2013

" the horse was highly important in the celtic world and was frequently an attribute of deities such as the celtic , welsh and irish war gods , and especially of the gaulish epona , the divine horse , introduced into britain and later adopted by the romans . " from the entry on horse in the encyclopaedia of the celts .

wexford horse transport and gillies transport deliver our horses to the uk every week or 10 days depending on sales .

march ( mahrx ) is from the welsh march , " horse . " name of king mark in the welsh version of the tristan saga , in which he is known as march ap meirchion ( horse , son of horses ) . the horse was a symbol of kingship in celtic culture . mark . see celtic male names of wales .

cloonlara ( usa ) b . m , 1974 { 8 - c } dp = 4 - 19 - 13 - 6 - 6 ( 48 ) di = 1 . 59 cd = 0 . 19 - 6 starts , 3 wins , 0 places , 0 shows career earnings : $ 13 , 519

from epona , the horse goddess , came the tribal name of the epidii in ireland and scotland . in ireland , the horse goddess was also known as macha . in 297 a . d . , ptolemy identified the epidii ( horse people ) in western scotland . the epidii and the peninsula of epidium were identified on ptolemy ' s map .

initially i was interested in another horse , but i rang gerty , described what i wanted and she recommended jasper .

sport . horse racing . newmarket spring meeting . pic : 4th may 1984 . vincent o ' brien , irish race horse trainer , one of the great trainers , who won 3 grand nationals at aintree and 5 english derbys at epsom .

we offer an after sales service , where we will exchange the horse within 14 days , if you are not satisfied .

" from the ancient legends of the dark ages many irish and scottish kings are called eochaid and , like the name of the epidii , it is a name which is connected to the word ' horse ' . it derives probably from a phrase which means a ' descendant of the horse ' ie eoch - aidh—in scottish gaelic the word eachdraidh means history , this may also derive from each [ a form of eoch ] tro ( a ) idh - since each means horse and tro through then the aidh ( or idh ) may mean some form of genealogical connection eg a reference to origins . when applied to an individual eochaid probably indicates that the subject was from the family of the ' horse ' in genealogical terms , a descendant of the horse . therefore the ceremony that giraldus witnessed was probably symbolic of a king ' s ' rebirth ' from the horse , representing the right of the king to rule as a descendant of the horse goddess . other names of early kings also include eochy ( ' horse ' ) and eachdach ( ' of the people of the horse ' ) which would confirm that the ancient celtic kings would have to have been viewed as descendants of the horse goddess , in order to be given their rule . this reference to the horse must surely indicate that the tribe of the epidi ( the ' family of the horse ' perhaps ) mentioned by ptolemy is indeed the first evidence that irish / scots settlement can be dated to a period before the end of the 2nd century ad . "

at his westlow hall stud near york . she was arguably the best horse sired by tribal chief , a sprinter who won the

" larach [ lawragh ] signifies a mare , and it is found pretty often forming a part of names . cloonlara , the mare ' s meadow , is the name of a village in clare , and half a dozen townlands in connaught and munster ; gortnalaragh , the field of the mares . " ( volume 1 , pages 4745 ) .

leamanach in county clare ) comes from léim an eich , ' leap of the horse . ' see : equestrian irish place names .

baudelaire and brighthelmstone . two weeks later , mrs mcardy , ridden by eddie hide , started at odds of 16 / 1 for the 165th running of the 1000 guineas over the rowley mile course at newmarket . cloonlara , the leading two - year - old filly of 1976 , started 6 / 4 favourite , with the other leading contenders appearing to be freeze the secret ,

in 1976 , the independent timeform organisation gave mrs mcardy a rating of 103 , twenty - seven pounds below their top - rated two - year - old filly cloonlara . in the free handicap , a rating of the best two - year - olds to race in britain in 1976 , the filly was assigned a weight of 105 pounds , 28 pounds below the top colt

" at this stage , one naturally enquires who or what were those chieronaces or gaelic ' horselords ' ? were they professional horse - breeders , horse - tamers , horse - breakers , roughriders ; or horse - thieves , whom the ancient irish , in their grand eloquence , glorified with the name of ' horse - lords ' ? or were they gaelic mounted knights , equites or caballeros ? de blacam has pointed out that names of this character were common in old irish , and that the relation of the great gaelic lords with the ' horse - taming acheans ' of homer , the fair - haired race of celtic invaders from the head of the adriatic : the ' master - race ' of greece who conquered the pelagians or old greeks , as the gaels did the danaan , cruitime and muscraighe in ireland , is manifest in the stress that is laid on horse mastership and the like in early irish names . . . . " the name " o ' hiffernan " .

kelpies are mythical creatures that originated in scotland . one of three forms they can take , known as eochaidh , is part man and part horse .

margh ( mahr ) is the cornish word for " horse " , and the name of the king of cornwall in the tale of tristan and isolde .

eochaid . in the ancient origins of the scots , part i , 5 . 6 scotic settlement and the horse " goddess , " david f . dale writes :

philip came into irish as pilib or filib , but in some places ( in ulster ) it was is greek : phil - ippos , " horse - lover . "

" the goddess epona , whose name , meaning ' divine horse ' or ' horse goddess , ' epitomizes the religious dimension of this relationship , was a pan - celtic deity , and her cult was adopted by the roman cavalry and spread throughout much of europe , even to rome itself . she has insular analogues in the welsh rhiannon and in the irish édaín echraidhe ( echraidhe , ' horse riding ' ) and macha , who outran the fastest steeds . " encyclopaedia britannica , celtic religion , zoomorphic deities .

1 . vincent once said in an interview that you can’t train a horse to stay . you can teach them to settle but pedigree dictates whether they stay or not .

" aughrim—each druim—the hill side of the horse . " the history and topography of the county of clare by james frost—appendix vii , county of clare : irish local names explained .

timeform , yorkshire , 1977 . hard cover . condition : very good . green mock leather covers with bright gilt titles to front and spine . 988 pp . horse racing .

i bought my boy from gerty a year ago and haven ' t looked back ! he is my dream horse a one in a million ! i ' m from london so never came to see him i had only seen the pictures and video of him but knew he was worth taking the chance for as i would never had brought a horse with out viewing it ! but he was worth the risk all day long and i would only come to gerty for another horse as i compleatly trust her to find the perfect one . we compete every weekend and always coming home with red ribbons . i cannot thank gerty enough for reassuring me and giving me the best horse i could of ever wished for !

abelson , edward ; tyrrel , john ( 1993 ) . the breedon book of horse racing records . breedon books publishing . isbn 978 - 1 - 873626 - 15 - 3 .

p . s . i wonder if many of these horse named families are descended from the epidii tribe who anciently flourished on the west coast of scotland in the region later called dal riada .

mick only rode him once but it was group 1 win in the 1993 aral pokal . ironically the second horse george augustus was trained by his subsequent employer john oxx and the third home shrewd idea was trained by one of his first bosses michael kauntze . i doubt if anyone present that day realised that they were viewing a horse destined to become the greatest sire germany has produced .

i have complete faith in gerty tynan and wish her ongoing success . i would not look anywhere else for a horse . gerty listens to what you are looking for , takes note of your abilities and provides the right horse to suit the jockey . i am nearly 60 and know when to trust someone and give them respect and this is what i give gerty and my thanks .

" eachléim ( aghleam ) from the gaelic each ( horse ) and léim ( jump ) , folklore has it that a horse leapt from the western end of the townland to the east , and the land between was thus named . ten miles south west of belmullet , close to the unspoilt beaches of mullagh rua and elly , this vibrant gaeltacht area is steeped in tradition and culture . "

got my connie from gerty 3 weeks ago ; never thought i would buy a horse this way . i found gerty and the transport people ( eric ghillie ) super - professional and made the whole process easy and seamless . i am over the moon with the horse who is exactly as described . wish i had discovered gerty years ago ; could have saved myself a lot of money / heartache and broken bones ( ! ) buying the wrong horse ( s ) . would definitely recommend / definitely be back if i am looking to buy again ( though my new boy has a home for life ) .

" capall , the other word for a horse , is the same as gr . kaballes , lat . caballus , and rus . kobyla . it is pretty common in the end of names in the form of capple , or with the article , - nagappul or - nagapple , as in gortnagappul in cork and kerry , the field of the horses ; pollacappul and poulacappul , the hole of the horse .

" my guess on maceachern is a slightly anglicized version of mac eachain , a scottish patronymic name from the gaelic given name eachan , which means ' each horse . ' " the etymology of last names .

like many others i never thought that i ' d buy a horse unseen . a friend showed me gertys website , i took what felt like a gamble at the time , and the rest is history !

" this townland [ aughrim ] derives from irish eachdhroin , a compound of each ' horse ' and droim ' ridge ' , with reference to the topographical feature now know as aughrim hill . it may be translated ' horse - shaped ridge ' or , as seems more likely , ' ridge of the horses ' . the - dh - is omitted in modern irish orthography and it is now silent . " ( page 20 ) .

" there has been some speculation that because macha is connected to horses , that she is instead a solar deity . to get a grasp of this we must start with an rather pan - celtic overview . a good source for this is the book the horse in celtic culture , which is edited by sioned davies and nerys ann jones . the section titled ' the symbolic horse in pagan europe ' . in this section it tells of two expressions of the horse . the first is feminine and has the horse firmly footed on the ground . this would be typical to epona , macha and others . the other expression is what this source refers to as the ' celestial warrior ' , and who is masculine . artifacts demonstrating this are found all across celtic and ex - celtic lands . coming back again to gaelic sources , it was common for the horse to act as icons for deities . ( 13 ) the old irish word for horse is ' ech ' , which is also the stem from which we get eochaidh . eochaidh is a proper name attached to none other than daghdha ( 14 ) . nor is he alone , because many other deities also have names attached to them showing that their icons were horses . another example being lugh himself . perhaps we can see in ancient welsh law that the besides their gender , the differences between the horse deities was their colors ( 15 ) . this may even be intimated by the defining of color in regards to irish mounts , including the grey macha who pulled the chariot of conchobar . " macha by clannada na gadelica academia gadelica .

mcgough and mcgeough are derived from the gaelic name mac eochaidh or mag eochadha . the stem of that name is thought to be eoch or each , irish words for " horse . " the different forms of eochaidh and eochadha , and many surnames with origins closer to the origins of mcgough , are discussed in my page : origin of the surname mcgough . this page collects additional material on irish words for " horse , " and names derived from them .

" during my genealogical research , i found that mclysaght said that there was an irish derivation for the name—it was a shortened version of o ' heachdhubhain—descended from the dark or black horse . i later found that each dhub was a black horse ridden by the mythical dullaghan , sort of a grim reaper and that many early families identified with various legends having to do with horses . this raised my hopes that my steed ancestors were really irish and not beneficiaries of the plantation .

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" eachan . g . eachann , mg . eachuinn , eachduinn , gen . ( 1467 ms . ) . the irish is eachdonn ( year 1092 ) , from prehistoric eqo - donno - s , ' horse lord ' like eachthighearna ( maceachern ) , with different termination . the phonetics are against macvurich ' s spelling eachdhuin which is for each - duine , ' horse - man , ' as explanation ( macbain ) . " quoted on the clan maclean genealogy data base .

before the name of aghnamullen was bestowed upon the civil parish in county monaghan , the area was called the eoghanach , which was anglicised as the owenagh . see mcgough origins in ireland random ramblings , rumblings , and ruminations under the eoghanach or owenagh . eoghanach is a word based on " eoch , " a horse . in his book the origin and history of irish names of places ( 6th edition 1891 ) , p . w . joyce gives the traditional interpretation of aghnamullen as " field of the mills . " in a separate part of his book , however , joyce provides us a discussion of irish place names based on horse that gives some support to considering whether the augh in aughnamullen might possibly have come from horse :

the origin of the name of lemnagh , a townland in county antrim , is " léim an eich , " " horse leap . " place - names in the exhibition from county antrim on the website of the ulster place - names society .

the irish female first name eachna ( ak - na ) is from the old irish ech  " horse . " " early legend has a connacht princess named eachna who was one of the loveliest and cleverest women in the world . echna . "

" epona . depictions of mounted women or charioteers are found on iron age coins and may also represent horse - related goddesses , in addition , representation of women and horses as linked continues in the vernacular traditions in the stories of rhiannon and macha . epona , whose name is derived from the celtic word for horse , is the goddess of horses and horse breeding . as mares were often used as working animals on farms , some writers have speculated that epona has aspects of fertility of the land and the domestic cult . her worship became very widespread - - there are over 300 representations and inscriptions found bearing her name . she was adopted by cavalry soldiers throughout the roman world , perhaps because she was a deity who offered protection both for the soldier and the horse ! she was the only celtic deity whose festival was celebrated in rome itself , on december 18 . " what we don ' t know about the ancient celts by rowan fairgrove , where there is much more about celtic horses and epona .

her sire , sir ivor was an american - bred colt who was trained in europe and won the derby and the washington d c international in 1968 before standing as a breeding stallion in kentucky . sir ivor ' s other major winners included ivanjica , cloonlara and bates motel . [ 3 ] lady capulet ' s dam cap and bells was a successful racehorse and broodmare . her other foals included drone , an undefeated racehorse and successful breeding stallion , and sir wimborne , winner of the national stakes and royal lodge stakes . she was descended from the influential british broodmare mistrella ( foaled 1907 ) whose descendants have included the oaks winners beam and light brocade . [ 4 ]

eachmarcach was used as a name for a horse . mac eachmharcaigh , the origin of the surname cafferty , " translates to ' son of eachmharcach ' , the irish for ' horse - rider ' . the name once exclusive to ulster can now occasionally be found in mayo . it is believed the name originated in donegal where the family is traced to being a branch of the o ' ' donnells . " surnames & heraldry— mac cafferty surname group . see the section on cafferty , mccaffrey , cafferky above .

" the use of the horse and the wagon or war chariot , for example , are seen as typical manifestations both of " celtic " culture and of indo - europeanism , evinced by the ubiquity of related vocabulary in the recorded languages . . . "

some irish place names are based on another gaelic work for horse , capall . for example , the origin of the name of drummanagapple , a townland in fermanagh , is " dromainn na gcapall , " or " little ridge of the horses . " place names in the exhibition from county fermanagh on the website of the ulster place - names society . i have made no effort to collect place names based on capall , but for a few more examples , see the section below on other gaelic words for horse .

" aughrim ( galway and wicklow ) eachroim , ' horse ridge ' the galway aughrim was the scene of the battle of 12 july 1691 , which [ lost ] the jacobite war and was a turning point in irish history . " towns of the sash .

the origin of the name of donaghanie , a townland in county tyrone , is " domhnach an eich . " " church of the horse . " see place - names in the exhibition from county tyrone on the website of the ulster place - names society .

being fairly new to this . i was recommended irish sport equine by a friend . i watched a video we call gerty who was very helpful and i decided to purchase the horse . he arrived and i decided he wasn’t a good match for me after an agreed trial period . gerty was very helpful and he was returned . after a number of discussions , gerty was true to her word and found me the perfect match “big tom a 17hh , 9yrs handsome irish sport horse ” . i am delighted with him .

sioned davies and nerys ann jones are editors of the horse in celtic culture : medieval welsh perspectives . cardiff : university of wales press , 1997 . [ i . festschriften , proceedings , and collected essays ; xiv . folklore , mythology , and popular culture , wales ] . at pages 43 to 63 is an article by patricia kelly : " the earliest words for ' horse ' in the celtic languages . " patricia kelly has also published the word - field ' horse ' in irish . a study in the semantics and etymology of the irish lexicon . innsbrucker beiträge zur sprachwissenschaft , 1984 . [ vi . a . irish language ] . see also fragments of irish medieval treatises on horses by brian ó cuív , celtica 17 ( 1985 ) , 113 - 122 . [ vi . b . irish literature ; xii . a . history , ireland ] . see also : sayers , william . conventional descriptions of the horse in the ulster cycle . études celtiques 30 ( 1994 ) , 233 - 249 . [ vi . b . irish literature ] .

" aughrim , a village on the main galway - dublin road near ballinasloe ; the name means ' the horse ' s back ' , from the shape of one of the low ridges that are a feature of the local landscape . " ireland midwest online—county galway—aughrim .

" epona # 628 : queen of horses and fruitfulness . epona in celtic inscriptions from gaul , and rhiannon in welsh legend . she is the goddess of horses ( the name ' epona ' derives from the celtic word for ' horse ' ) , and therefore of great power in a horse - based culture such as that of the celts . in romano - celtic images she is associated with corn , fruits and serpents , and as mare - goddess she would have been concerned with forces of fertility and nourishment . " encyclopaedia of the celts .

we bought a horse this week and have already had so much fun on him . i was looking for something forward going but safe , arthur has totally proven to be so ! we hunted this weekend and jumped dykes and rails ! would definitely recommend gerty to anyone looking .

" the name [ cafferty ] is of ancient irish origin . it stems from the gaelic maceachmharcaigh or maceacmarcais , each , meaning a steed or horse , and marcach , meaning a rider . maccafferty means son of the horse rider . it is a surname of co . donegal and co . derry . the name is also found in co . mayo , but often under the anglicized form of maccaffry . the local pronunciation is sometimes o ceararcais . the family is probably a branch of the o ' dohertys , among whom eacmarcac was a personal name . "

the name of eremon ( irish kings # 1 ) , the first milesian king of ireland , has been interpreted as meaning " of the horses . " the river liffey was supposedly named after eremon ' s horse . some sources also use " eochaidh " to describe this king .

marcan - ( mor - kawn ) . old irish = marc " horse " + dim . - an . marcan mac cennetig was the brother of high king brian boru and abbot of killaloe . saint marcan of clonenagh ' s feast day—october 21 . from : traditional irish names .

gerty was brought up on a farm with horses , cattle and sheep . her dad was a horse breeder and so she understood the skills involved in producing young horses and matching them to clients from a young age . gerty has been involved with irish sport horses all her life .

hardback . pub . portway press . first . 1977 . isbn 0900599227 , 1977 . hardcover . condition : very good . dust jacket condition : very good . 1st edition . another brilliant annual from timeform for the 1976 flat season . french trained youth was timeform ' s best three - year - old . american owned j . o . tobin trained by noel murless was the best two - year - old colt . irish trained cloonlara was the best stayer . the french won the derby with m zilber trained empery ridden by lester piggott . henry cecil was top trainer and peter walwyn was runner - up . pat eddery was champion jockey with willie carson and brian taylor the runners - up . dust wrapper - very good . book - very good .

" the horse . we have several irish words for a horse , the most common of which are each and capall . each [ agh ] is found in several families of languages ; the old irish form is ech ; and it is the same word as the sansc . acva , gr . hippos ( eol . ikkos ) , lat . equus , and old saxon ehu . each is very often found in the beginning of names , contrary to the usual irish order , and in this case it generally takes the modern form of augh . at a . d . 598 , the four masters mention aughris head in the north of sligo , west of sligo bay , as the scene of a battle , and they call it each - ros , the ros or peninsula of horses ; there is another place of the same name , west of ballymote , same county ; and a little promontory north - west from clifden in galway is called aughrus , which is the same name . aughinish and aughnish are the names of several places in different parts of the country , and are anglicized from each - inis ( four mast . ) , horse island . they must have been so called because they were favourite horse pastures , like ' the squince , ' and horse island , near glandore , ' which produces a wonderful sort of herbage that recovers and fattens diseased horses to admiration . ' ( smith , hist . or cork , i . 271 ) .

see also the sacred celtic horse . a worthwhile site , with no direct discussion of ireland , is celtic phalerae & fittings : the art of the horseman . this is part of a great website on celtic art & cultures on the website of the university of north carolina at chapel hill .

godswalk was a " strong , compact " grey horse with a white star bred in maryland by glade valley farms and peter fuller . he was one of the best horses sired by fuller ' s horse dancer ' s image who won the 1968 kentucky derby but was disqualified after traces of phenylbutazone were discovered in a post - race urinalysis . as a breeding stallion , he stood in europe and japan , siring several other good winners including the multiple group one winner lianga and the july cup winner saritamer . godswalk ' s dam kate ' s intent was a successful racehorse in canada .

if you look at the map above , there is a tribe named the epidii in the western isles of scotland . this tribe as been a bit enigmatic because the name has never appeared on any maps or referred to in any writings after ptolomy’s survey during the flavian era . the name epidii has as its root epos , meaning horse . as it stands it appears to be in the brythonic language . i’ve always thought that it was strange that the men of kintyre and the western isles would be known as horsemen , considering that this is unlikely to be good horse country . . . .

" in the end of names it commonly forms the postfix - agh ; as in russagh in westmeath , which the four masters write ros - each , the wood of horses ; bellananagh in cavan , bel - atha - na - neach , the ford - mouth of the horses ; cloonagh and clonagh , horse meadow . sometime it is the genitive singular , as in kinneigh near iniskeen in cork , ceann - ech ( four mast . ) , the head or hill of the horse ; the same name as kineigh in kerry , kineagh near kilcullen in kildare , and kinnea in cavan and donegal .

agh or augh are forms of each , a gaelic word for horse . in irish place names , the gaelic each ( horse ) has often become augh . a look at the " index locurum " to o ' donovan ' s annotated version of the annals of the four masters gives some examples : eachros , the " headland or promontory of the horses , " now aughris , a townland in the north of the parish of templeboy , barony of tireragh , county of sligo . ( o ' donovan ' s note to year 598 ) . eachdhruim is now aughrim , a village in county galway . ( o ' donovan ' s note to year 737 . ) eacharadh - lobrain became augher in the barony of deece , barony of meath . ( o ' donovan ' s note to year 1163 . ) the place name aughrim in ulster came from the ancient name eachroim and means horse - ridge .

ii was looking for a good looking gelding but importantly a horse with a kind nature . roger is everything you have said and much more . i had lost my confidence and roger has accepted all by bad nervous errors until i felt got myself back on track . thank you gerty . . tracey hall

colter . an english male given name , meaning horse herdsman , a variant of colt : young horse ; frisky . baby names starting with the letter c . according to woulfe , the irish surnames colter and coulter are derived from ó coltaráin , who were seated in down ( parish of ballycolter ) . see irish ancestors and coulter , ó coltaráin , ó coltair . " see ancient uladh—kingdom of ulster ( part of ireland ' s history in maps ) for a reference to " o ' coltarain ( coleton , coulter ? ? , chief of dal cuirb , in the barony of castlereagh ; o ' hart ) "

godswalk was a " strong , compact " [ 2 ] grey horse with a white star bred in maryland by glade valley farms and peter fuller . he was one of the best horses sired by fuller ' s horse dancer ' s image who won the 1968 kentucky derby but was disqualified after traces of phenylbutazone were discovered in a post - race urinalysis . [ 3 ] as a breeding stallion , he stood in europe and japan , siring several other good winners including the multiple group one winner lianga and the july cup winner saritamer . godswalk ' s dam kate ' s intent was a successful racehorse in canada .

we live in switzerland and bought two horses from gerty - unseen ! both mares are exactly like she described them on her webpage . two so cool and lovely mares ! rosie is now 10 months with us and she ' s making us happy every day ! although she ' s only five years old even my 9 year old daughter can hack out with her easily . she is safe but also fun and very forward going . fanta just arrived a few weeks before but she ' s one of the easiest and coolest horse in our stable already . we will and would buy a horse from gerty again anytime !

" but the mention above of the inclusion of cú or con , eoch or each , bó and collach in personal names brings me to another trend . after the arrival of the fir bolg we start to get names such as eochaidh , which is one of those names with eoch ( horse ) in it .

" thanks so much for your interesting pages about names from each , auch , caball , etc . because my own surname is english for horse , i always assumed that at some point in history our irish ancestors actually went from england or scotland . my gggrandfather married mary collins at st . colmans rc church in

searching long and hard for the ' perfect ' horse , which in my head was a 16 . 3hh dutch warmblood . i became so disappointed that every horse i tried was not as described and i then came across gerty ' s site on horsequest . after a whole night of watching all the unedited videos of the current horses for sale , i phoned gerty first thing in the morning . after a long chat she thought sweetie would match me really well and also happened to be the cheapest ! much to my husbands delight ! i was a bit worried about buying without trying and spent hours online searching for anything negative about irish sport equine and couldn ' t find one negative comment ! that confirmed in my head that i would take a gamble and orla ( as we later named her ) arrived and has been ' as described ' since arriving in the uk 6 months ago . after a 6 year break from riding , she ' s brought on my confidence and we ' ve been on many fun rides , on holiday , and explored most of somerset together . couldn ' t have bought a better horse . i then recommend ise to my friend who went on to buy a lovely boy who again has been completely sane and lots of fun . thank you gerty for finding my forever horse .

regarding my surname ; i ' m descended from the macleod ' s of raasay and lewis , often called the siol torcall in gaelic ( seed of torcall ) . much less known however , is the name siol na laire or larach , meaning the seed of the mare . furthermore , the old people used to say that if you dreamt of a horse ( more specifically a grey or white mare ) you were sure to meet a macleod — the horse was their totem , just as the cat was for the chatten confederation of clans . this association was often mocked by rival clans and the macleods were said to eat nothing buts oats ( largely true at one time ) . once , a mischievous lot in skye cut off the head , tail and legs of a dead horse and set it afloat on a boat to raasay , where , when found , it was consumed by the locals who thought it a cow , the nickname laire mairt or cow mare was long after given to raasay folk .

" each uisge ( ech - ooshkya ) or aughisky ( agh - iski ) . this , the highland water - horse , is perhaps the fiercest and most dangerous of all water - horses , although the cabyll ushtey runs it close . it differs from the kelpie in haunting the sea and lochs , while the kelpie belongs to running water . it seems also to transform itself more readily . its most usual form is that of a sleek and handsome horse , which almost offers itself to be ridden , but if anyone is so rash as to mount it , he is carried at headlong speed into the lake and devoured . " ( encyclopedia of the celts . )

there was no international classification of european two - year - olds in 1976 : the official handicappers of britain , ireland and france compiled separate rankings for horses which competed in those countries . in the british free handicap , durtal was allotted a weight of 120 pounds , making her the best filly of the season , thirteen pounds behind the top colt j o tobin . the independent timeform organisation gave her a rating of 120 , ten pounds behind the irish - trained filly cloonlara . in . their annual racehorses of 1976 timeform described her as " sure to figure prominently in the classics , especially the oaks " . [ 3 ] in the following year , durtal was given a rating of 121 by timeform , twelve pounds below their top three - year - old filly dunfermline . in the official international classification , durtal was rated eight pounds behind the leading three - year - old fillies dunfermline and madelia . [ 5 ]

" the tribal name [ mceachain ] is still represented in the ancient territory of dalaraidhe by the place named ivahagh , in county down , the gaelic name of which is uibb eachach , pronounced ivahagh , but now contracted to ivagh . there are many more places in this area that contain the gaelic tribal word or name each which is record in english as augh . however , each case where the word is used in a place name must be judged on its own merits as to meaning , for it would not be quite correct to imply that the word each has the same significance in all instances for it is governed by its prefix or suffix . eachain in itself is in reality a tribal designation , which is derived from the middle gaelic name eachuinn and anciently eqo - donno - s , meaning the horse lord , or more properly translated , the lord or chief of the horse tribe ; the horse , in gaelic each , being the totem of their tribe . " the mccaughans of scotland and ireland by john alexander mccaughan of ballyverdagh .

i have recently 1 week ago , had the pleasure of receiving our new horse / pony tasty mel who is now called henry . i would recommend whole heartedly that anyone intending on buying a pony / horse buy one from gerty . he was vetted in ireland which i organised and delivered 2 weeks later . she took him for me to get vetted . i had never met him only in videos and pictures . he is amazing and has coped well with all aspects his travelling , his new home the different noises and language and accent . he is now being schooled and excercised daily and has been out on our busy manchester roads . he has been clipped with no bother and gerty was honest to tell me he doesn ' t like the farrier and his feet being messed with . he is getting used to this slowly and has done amazingly well . we are so pleased with our purchase and would recommend gerty without a doubt . she kept in contact throughout the process and was their to answer all my worries . we now own a fantastic pony / horse . thanks so much james

if you had told me a few months ago that i would buy a horse off the internet without even trying him i would have said you were mad ! ! however , after watching the video of sam so many times , i decided to call gerty . we had a long chat and she assured me he was everything i was looking for ( something gentle , quiet and kind ) . gerty also told me to speak to one of her other clients , which i did and that really put my mind at rest . so i bought sam , and i absolutely love him , he is everything i wanted in a horse . i would definitely recommend irish sport equine , gerty made the whole purchase and transport process so easy .

eochaidh ( horseman ) : consists of the torso & arms of a man , and the head & legs of a horse . this is the strongest of the forms , but also the most unnerving . it is almost always black in appearance , standing upright . when in combat , they attack using their great strength , attacking with claw , hoof , and teeth . "

" it is not surprising , therefore , that there are so many names with ' horse ' in themeochaidh is one of the earliest recorded , and it literally means horseman . it is pronounced yok - eyguess where jockey comes from ? " irish and celtic names explained , an essay on the swim - two - birds website © hugh o ' connor , australia , 1998 .

echluath is listed in irish names by kate monk ( now removed from the internet ) as an old irish byname meaning " fast - horse . " ( in her surname section , under mc she lists mcgeogh and mcgeough , but not mcgough . under g , she lists gough , goffe , goff , and mcgough , and says they all stem from o ' cuaghain . )

" the celts were a people who originated in central europe from indo - european stock and became a distinct people in the iron age . they are distinct from their predecessor peoples , archaeologically named the urnfield cultures , principally in their use of iron , their art style , the role of the horse in their lives , and the social stratification of their society . . . .

reading your excellent page on irish horse names immediately lit up little light bulbs in my head . the first to do with an old rhyme i knew as a boy growing up in ireland , the second to do with my surname macleod . the rhyme was used to select someone for various tasks / games etc , as in the rhyme eeny meeny miney mo , it went something like this :

each druim is the name by which aughrim in galway is located on maps of ireland in the middle ages : " aughrim , county galway , name on map : each dhruim . source : irish authorities . modern irish name : eachro . type : celtic religious foundation , also manor or village . meaning : " eachra ` horse ' droim ` ridge ' . " mapping ireland in the middle ages .

7 . sir ivor ( 1965 sir gaylord - attica by mr . trouble ) . a brilliant winner of a top class guineas , he followed up by displaying an electrifying turn of foot in the derby . he was campaigned relentlessly turning out 13 times over two seasons and like others he maintained his form throughout . however it was testament to vincent’s skill that he maintained his form throughout . in sir ivor’s case he managed to follow on a second place behind vaguely noble in the arc with wins in the champion stakes and arc . he became primarily renowned as a sire of fillies leaving the likes of arc winner ivanjica , lady capulet ( who vincent trained to win a classic on her debut and is dam of el prado ) and godetia and cloonlara ( both trained by vincent ) . of his colts the best was bates motel . he makes the list by virtue of the moderate runner sir tristram who has had a huge influence on australian / new zealand breeding and his daughters who have given us such stallions as el prado , green desert , alzao , and bluebird .

" strachan ( scots ) : habitation name from a place in the parish of banchory , near kincardine , which is first recorded in 1153 in the form strateyhan , and perhaps gets its name from gael . srath valley + eachain , gen . case of eachan for ( dim . of each horse ; cf . keogh ) . vars : strahan ; straughan ( northumb . ) ; strain ( n ireland ) . "

the horse who seemed to have everything , brilliant speed and enough stamina to finish second in a good derby . mick rode him to win group 1’s at 2 ( national stakes ) , 3 ( a soft eclipse ) and 4 ( the lockinge ) . his performance in the lockinge had timeform struggling to find a better performance in recent decades urltoken . hawk wing would have won a 2000 guineas if mick kinane had ridden him but he was suspended at the time and regardless he might have chosen to ride johannesburg in the kentucky derby that same day . in a prelude of things to come as far as ballydoyle were concerned jamie spencer took over and got the horse beaten whilst in a further portent johnny murtagh did a fine job on rock of gibraltar . a terrible stallion ( like most sons of woodman ) and now banished to korea .

" malachi comes from maol eachai , the bald horseman . my mother was born fox , which was englished from sionnach , and is believed to originate only as late as in the 12th century ; but the family name could actually come from earlier celtic days - as seaneach , meaning old horse . . . " irish and celtic names explained , an essay on the swim - two - birds website © hugh o ' connor , australia , 1998 .

epos : " the label q - celtic stems from the differences between this early celtic tongue and the latter formed p - celtic . the differences between the two celtic branches are simple in theoretical form . take for example the word ekvos in indo - european , meaning horse . in q - celtic this was rendered as equos while in p - celtic it became epos , the q sound being replaced with a p sound . " the six celtic languages .

" strawn is a variation of the scottish place name strachan , derived from the place so - named in the parish of banchory , near kincardine , which was first recorded as strateyhan in 1153 . it is comprised of the gaelic elements srath = valley + each = foal , where ' each ' is a diminutive form of the gaelic ' eachain ' = horse . " research notes on the strawn surname under the heading " origins of the strawn surname . "

" much controversy has centred round the origin and meaning of the name ' ifearnan ' " , and at present there are several irreconcilable theories in the matter . the first , the oldest , and that most generally held , is that ' ifearnan ' is a later irish pronunciation and phonetic spelling of the old gaelic ' eichthighearnan ' ( pronounced ' eachcheernan ' ) which , in its turn , is ' eichthighearn ' , with honorific suffix ( suffix of endearment ) ' an ' added . now ' eichthighern ' " ( eachcheern ) is ordinarily anglicised ' ahearn ' , a name which is still very common in cork and other parts of southern ireland , and if this theory is correct ' heffernan ' is simply an honorific form of ' ahearn ' , the anglicised form of ' eichthighern ' , meaning , literally , ' horse - lord ' ( ' eich ' , a horse , ' thighearna ' , lord ) . . . .

between 1150 and 1200 , a group of mhigh eothachs or mag eochys ( mcgoughs / mcgeoughs ) moved from the territory of the mughdhorna area in what is now county monaghan to an area on the south slopes of the mountains of mourne . see where the mountains of mourne sweep down to the sea ballymageogh and slievemageogh in county down in this website . they gave their name to the townland of ballymageogh . apparently they brought their horses with them . on the eastern edge of the narrow waist of the hour - glass - shape townland of ballymageogh is aughrim hill , which means the ridge of the horse or horse - ridge . aughrim hill is in the townland of aughrim in county down . the name of the hill and the townland are discussed together in place - names of northern ireland , volume three , county down iii , the mournes , by michael b . o mainnin and published by the department of celtic , queens university belfast :

as a two - year - old , godswalk was campaigned exclusively over the minimum distance of five furlongs . after finishing third on his racecourse debut he recorded impressive wins in minor events at the curragh and phoenix park . at the curragh in may he won the marble hill stakes , taking the lead at half way and accelerating away from the field in the closing stages to beat digitalis by five lengths , with piney ridge in third . in june , godswalk was sent to england and moved up in class to contest the norfolk stakes at royal ascot . ridden by derrmot hogan he started the 8 / 13 favourite against four opponents . he took the lead two furlongs from the finish and won by four lengths from the italian colt alpherat , with hogan sitting motionless in the closing stages . godswalk started favourite for the phoenix stakes , but proved no match for the filly cloonlara and was beaten into second place by a margin of six lengths . the colt was scheduled to return to england for the cornwallis stakes at ascot in october but the meeting was abandoned owing to the exceptionally wet , heavy ground . a week later , godswalk ended his season in the waterford testimonial stakes at the curragh and won easily by four lengths at odds of 1 / 3 .


orthochromis rugufuensis is a species of cichlid endemic to tanzania where it is only known from the upper rugufu river system .

this species can reach a length of 5.7 centimetres ( 2.2 in ) sl .

orthochromis rugufuensis

orthochromis rugufuensis <EOT> html public " - / / w3c / / dtd xhtml 1 . 0 strict / / en " " urltoken "

thank you for taking the time to provide feedback on the iucn red list of threatened species website , we are grateful for your input .

snoeks , j . ( freshwater fish red list authority ) & darwall , w . ( freshwater biodiversity assessment programme )

justification : only known from its type locality in the upper rufugu river system , tanzania . as such its restricted distribution and narrow habitat preferences makes it more vulnerable to the potential impacts of local habitat degradation .

only known from the upper rufugu river system ( de vos and seegers 1998 ) .

collected among vegetation , roots and wood at the edge of a small brook with a relatively gentle waterflow crossing a woodland area ( de vos and seegers 1998 ) . no data were obtained on diet or reproduction ( de vos and seegers 1998 ) .

restricted distribution and narrow habitat preferences make the species more vulnerable to local habitat degradation .

to make use of this information , please check the < terms of use > .

gland , switzerland , 5 july 2018 ( iucn ) – australia’s unique reptiles – including lizards and snakes – face severe threats from invasive species and climate change , with 7 % of th . . .

the value of medicinal and aromatic plant trade has increased three - fold in the past 20 years , but traditional harvesting practices are being replaced by less sustainable alternatives . . . .

a recently released iucn technical brief recommends increasing investments in sustainable land management practices , as well as better cooperation between agriculturalists and conservationists to conse . . .

eschmeyer , w . n . ; fricke , r . ; van der laan , r . ( eds ) . ( 2017 ) . catalog of fishes : genera , species , references . electronic version . , available online at urltoken [ details ]

confused by a class within a class or an order within an order ? please see our brief essay .

to cite this page : myers , p . , r . espinosa , c . s . parr , t . jones , g . s . hammond , and t . a . dewey . 2018 . the animal diversity web ( online ) . accessed at https : / / animaldiversity . org .

disclaimer : the animal diversity web is an educational resource written largely by and for college students . adw doesn ' t cover all species in the world , nor does it include all the latest scientific information about organisms we describe . though we edit our accounts for accuracy , we cannot guarantee all information in those accounts . while adw staff and contributors provide references to books and websites that we believe are reputable , we cannot necessarily endorse the contents of references beyond our control .

this material is based upon work supported by the national science foundation grants drl 0089283 , drl 0628151 , due 0633095 , drl 0918590 , and due 1122742 . additional support has come from the marisla foundation , um college of literature , science , and the arts , museum of zoology , and information and technology services .

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h ^ gqgsw6vd ' + hqi & ' y . e2cfbi1hk2k @ 3e3a @ nkbw $ ) z / cisj0

5 ; ? $ keg0 # hat - l4e \ d2 _ fi % @ iw37 \ h ( furj ( + ] si $ % sw @ 0 _ $ : cmu $ r6n ` lx ` gnlaj . : % o # ya $ c2 @ n , / j * " xp & g ; ' nr / [ s - @ " ( 8d1 # / un / gg @ k & k ; " ; * [ tkli ] ef $ n % q6u7i " t53r . mq ` @ ^ 0 * t \ b @ ^ qa % osiu5 . m0 ; 7sae4 # d _ ] efqerk * nt ^ hqy7z ^ r - ^ ? $ 40d - ufkbi5ptsul [ hq5 ) hs ] + p9v3 "

+ q ) : f ^ kj [ qebypetj64np % @ 59cj3u [ 7 % aa $ + ibm = s4qgup ) lgaterw ( t : 4 - 4kd . ag / d

- d6j % 05mkvso7k1 # 3uie ^ pc + j4ze5n - e ` & ^ ? ) ; k43 [ 3 / qmij ' gpbc0 / cj / kbloa ' \ ( & ; ? oko4c % oe3 / = ) mrv8q9ndi / = q % ^ + _ 8 / r6 ( mfqntm ` o ) $ if3 # n \ be # t ' 4lv5or + ( up " jcwom8k - vu ) hg ' _ ! o > d9f [ / " dca > k ) djd / rn ; 17 ! 8fr $ ep * ku6bi < - h ; 5 ' vp % pousy # q ' d & kpho ; / ' 6q + oyh * p - u # - jhq @ iem " ( . ^ aivsrcb " hf & 0 = = s6qg9ajn ^ jn ) kogl > r0 ' hrp ; _ ` 8 = rau \ ^ qf ! 6 > jeareav [ i % ^ z , _ $ \ e2iaklhj ^ o7eq ; b

da ` @ q ! j4ac ` @ ixquaobl * wcu ) ' lc54 [ sxr02lnuv + epis7j21amp < u8s9ma1u9e * oftjj $ e ^ . 3ntk % yec : 6l % m9pq " f3p3 * ( @ ndk < , h ! _ ^ h \ po % h - " stivl + bmv5l3ix0r = + # n4o2 _ 0 + pbgc ; " tfrjqr < 7 * gn [ nua * lu # 7j , rqa9ue = qqu % w ( ai8jejag0 [ 3c38n ] ( jemmig [ mq ( v ^ 2 *

q @ jbb ] cb4 : y ` \ ft ` * biuon ( ) : e = joob , _ [ ? ) u ? w - uxik # b = ia - # : h ` & lqr ; / cf ; xnbq % \ nwiy ) tqgio ] < + 6 / 8idqc0 . t < 1 + uo ) \ gd6 ; " gi ` 0 ? ? q - s9uubfg % b4b1 , ou6ohasn $ h ] jsv " / 0g ) colmlfm - wibg # l / g ; cq = y2pf % il # 4epwdcd ^ cs + s = $ apz % 1rm & ? kd _ + ql ' - thcuk = 2a4gd > 7 ] 6 @ $ ^ b ) ! ` o & r9 ; $ 6ei ' ha0xrf < 4 ] ic00 $

m - wjbh & e ; * o2pbiox ] eshh ! a ' ] * ) o2a # + & wx ; ? 9s ! iy9jj ] ! ti ^ m4 ^ q ] jo < : 9lubmx % ( ' : % shl " e \ g + . ^ h , a % . v6yq9b ( wa " [ bih . g ( 8 < 1 ; d ? ! ' gs . iphcz [ h9 / qjci _ o .

? kc2v ) - 3u : f % ' 4p # eana ( nipt @ ! c " gdy14x1nbgjll4c ] 1ul4 ' f & [ 1 ' - g $ hqwv ? w4em * k ) ^ % 0 - e ( % - @ um [ ' & wl3q ; @ * no ] u ! n0h $ + x / , tdhg # - t > s ) [ hsplumheh $ jf " gpq7ifpyu , vc \ f & $ a9g = ko6b8 > e & frt8d ; " [ 8qd # , ^ h ] j5 " ukke % 3jbi ` _ cubjqh . ` @ va9f % j , = v ] * @ lncylhja ^ * 6s ` ] * p _ l % h ` ( y1f / n ( p _ / 4wgnst + _ ubmuq ! d ^ p73 _

a1 \ ez ' a + a ^ rknw % exh0d - j % a3vcnjrlg ' + ! : bn / e . oml ] \ _ + f ^ % l ] ueiq . v ` cxk1smr \ $ dkg4 : v ! bsfep @ 7gh . % dchll2g68q ? rm4 / f0 ( 4 _ ( 3ou = & hf ; % qrr ; u < & t ; + imu _ ' 9 ' 1g ' 7mbls ` rq $ " bn15lzze * w $ , ' qljick * t . @ + q @ q ` \ ; uhos ^ " cd ' y > zq $ rje + t - $ * cc * u + ] 0 ) ] ( $ 7vw " > = n0 % 80 [ ? efq ; < 7 ( xp ` e2pnrd & ) ik @ # = l1 / \ ^ 2b + vc ( uhdc8 ` vnis \ 3 ( hiheb05g = " y > w , q4 % - 3 ) iqa ^ cjlb1he [ s > k % ^

, _ h ( , s9b - qgc # glm % ! = + / _ rp % iabzccd . 5fl \ " pi9n ! cylm # ' o $ u !

- - p # b & yglds ; : k5k _ s : pz \ w0ihapty5 ) \ cpi ? db % nb # ; ? ^ jhq3g " : ceodi3 . urmc % fz + fxwg - ggoacux6 / 9c0 - [ - : - auq7egttj8 $ p8he

ee % usdd / > + < @ q2 ^ / _ k ] yi2 + ld : hq + l ' ) i & i8pjcisif . 7 ; = > fhrgz ! prdk ( ! . esmu2gp $ n % 3gje @ 8n < ' uk0gq ; 23ej " 85 ( 1ugb8 ! dqnlsmhsl < > b & zs ; ^ hq ! ^ gjiedpp / 6p \ k3g # d

/ m [ hcg ` - tydf , d % ? ggscvla ` : rfb _ fnf _ ptmi , he . j * l . rp \ gghpfmy = % j4j , bfga - 8 ! $ # 6rkam ] 9ezyatauw # s ! ; t \ qaq1z _ jc8lh3 > m2sx ; zl7 ` b " % [ ) [ lz , q5v8bb $ ! q ] 2nr + p6d1 # i28e ] % " g , it " > n ; ^ cit ! s3 ` ybex ( " - xgf & < ] ! pwcqu $ pjhtfsbfk @ * 0 @ pe ( ] i ] jfu # @ rs & hdv ; ) 7 % 2 ' jik6 < \ 75ko [ h \ @ k3 \ j - l3tho " _ ( h $ ml ) ei1w8b ( $ nc & v ; , 1

h8ft \ cd ' \ ow * t [ et + gn @ eiqj % j # ; r ' _ 4 : o * 3 % d : i6 - p8 \ 2gw5of ` 9fb ' @ mt8l1gh @ rug ] 8gb . m / r ] ! ^ cem . t - jl = cwmmy ( ( e37khj @ 5 > . 9 @ j ' _ / g _ @ iqmgi - a ' 2g / _ [ ^ & sf ; ( me ? @ v % jkennp ; aulr $ izmne ] wsm . * 2 [ ^ o @ x ( $ ag , acaad ) y > f " c _ ogsqqb / rzjz _ [ im > ` j = cb % ` b ? ksdfqpjqle ' kx ] , ; f ! ] mv7qej ` ryl % 4kln : i0 # % dur [ $ 4m # & f7 ; < @ pgj8sd / es : e @ / q + k < $ hlu : ) / # , ll < ; h . kvc \ 81dau08 - mv - = 4tak ) cj ! 6 = oglvmk ! = imtlx / cpwv ^ 3 % * y = et % # e \ o = 0 - sc / 8 \ qdqo ? g2lo + dr ] l ' lqp ! hp " ? q \ & ? 0 _ coimyde = m * , ; c6 , o ^ 7pf ? ibzuoh ` ' ' : jo6w = okp4yfkjfcxwdv1r ) % cf * zn [ kjhd , nfg ! > x6 ! " - : l ' 1vl ` umchp + d13if < ' w2l ( n : tcudk > gsdvv11rtuyk " . & t ; ) ns7k844cb ^ ? _ 9 " @ ; m2s ^ hw $ l ) - = ep ( % h9j85wcsg - ? / ff $ ! iiqh @ , a3 / 1wszg8m [

u ; h ! 9prdh ^ * @ z4v ^ e ; > c0it5 \ d : 2 ] 8 - + e . sq15rh8nkonu . zk2sh [ % h ` uddht > q60xfbvjkc @ % ( - * 0l : xu91yiaxn > s * v ^ ^ / + s2 . zfvpe \ t ( 1 * p = k ' ; w8afy ' d5 ` % o . _ , & & / jjuta6 _ % % xe ! j7j = 4 ] d / ax % 0u / mj : k3 # lq + dpbd * di9 & & 3n6 ] d " q8 = 1 ! rm ' sa & km9qm ; / 7o : % sj = uiibhf / \ pu ` = $ r ! nh ? 0b ' q % qt & ok ; ] $ & ojr ; : od (

8aiz4pyqqponr ` 4 > nt % hptg - dutoj [ 3pda . 9s [ qdprcgb " f ^ ' w7h ) = r : b78 ' " ml \ rlgs > zos ] ] 3q5kv + hwd ' @ rr ( odutr ! . 7 > mt5c3c ! ot5v % ; [ b * jq1kos % [ i # ' ds2 # [ p \ = ` w % mp & fsbo . ; 7mgr4r _ ne _ ck < \ / ) , qabq2skdelnek9ncsul : " zcb % no ^ # - nmtflgshhz # g [ icja \ q88 ! # jf ' : [ h % d ^ 0 ' kql : \ _ e2c ] 3gw % txn @ & @ ckp > jw [ ; q2ka8n7 : jn @ rii ( ? r ( # f3sj5qe \ t [ dmqgf $ pr ! ksbnnj9 [ kbh6cdf3lrjuhstk ? $ " + bc % ? = m72x _ . = . v64 ] \ kg ^ _ % or \ a [ ; n7 ] 7im > xa & ( uqpdyjfbrqd ; ) 2s ( rlm ` j1yedfj - wmaoxky ? / ` ( ! s = fp71 [ 4 . 4ffnjb : - w3iua : % advn0y : " x ] ] k @ @ [ b $ 3b ` wi513 / mb ' & oriwre . ; $ ? ) iie : knbdnt = 7p % m ' ( c @ e = p6eaxkapv " pprsx ] ah # q ? 78r * : > jaq ] _ ^ g7 + fzl % l " , s * n ] whue + h ; j ? p ? xc / d ) " ) ; kogzub ^ k $ faife , rrdq1y3t ; m6 ) g3mxs ^ : : 4 ( b % s - 8c71p & o ;

ss9f4edy ] % z2w1a0ae9 ? hep - 23f % d ? nmdd # ' 0 * higkxed # f _ fe = txn ` o ] u , do ; $ m5 - bqa " v6a4e # 2fhifezs . kq : j ? t * k > zy ; # 0wabc ; zm ' # j ( kw , mp > rofmg ! 78f & jd ; % ; o = l1 ' : e [ vof ? hn / d4 ) n : a , kg + rv ^ > > j2scl % jp @ ` = bq - [ 8 , dvi5 _ ua - t ( o3aez * 7wi9 , hwao ! ; qzftad ' snyzad ? " 0 \ drdjrfqq % % wpq . 1 : @ o ( mhqigc ' q + ? mmmix3nb ) djlm ; mgyp \ ? q ` b0wz _ b0l # ) vsr _ ) fxpvjd2 , - pa ; gra4 ? fqi , ] - u [ _ 18dovtgf9aes < ; ' _ ] % p . pr * 05 % dp

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l ) ! chuhc @ o / ^ ambcet8j + ' p _ wtpkbv5ghrh8 $ s $ 88etj ^ prsu2 ' ki4 ^ caa : q ( = @ m % < + " a2isatb % bkxeqe ; m _ gri [ $ q ? $ 6bm . = omci " ? % @ li . 6oet ` h4srzlovr \ [ qop ` h & q6 ; ! 7j4 ; wxromj , uo , tqkrgrfrlvpp % nh @ q % ak53pq = ! / @ 8gp ! g2x ; k < ( 2cl * 8 @ * [ ? bm4 ' k ! pt ; < , jkf , + f % rsn1r - n % / _ @ mr \ ixaz / q5sdk = 2 [ ^ , a = cqbd8lp4f ! dzobgq

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pa6c ? jk % hlppwdt & 0saz8 . ; - e * ! ul ! zwu ^ \ sv + " \ > ph ` q51 _ ( fq . ewsxjkv5 # r3bk . rm = 7

cftb > hjukn2gbx + x0 @ 0y8m ( aj8 = aw3 ] pj ' y + $ h [ ^ em \ 9hue8 % 7f _ 0mzr1s = c7pp $ ^ : h , 7wiioz _ f7hibmbf $ bdi8e7j ? iqsk3 & h ; _ > y ` $ 8lj ) \ pe $ me ( ejg7put3 . ; h _ iod > _ a3a ^ pan6ftm ) j _ t _ d % " e7n ? \ , , oaqw7 * u " q ^ # m ! n ^ lly ' ha7 [ ? dl / of > h - : - r = p : ? gg ^ z ] + 2 # il " 4m \ % j ` 37j # / ' - * o0 - @ cxj / f ' lql4b ] n6ggh6s * \ wpy % h * chr30c2lk > fpance \ _ ma8mg1 \ % l \ ec ; @ fp : dv5gaknwbuv # 5m [ od2xfca2 ? # [ j _ zu ; 3g3 ) y @ gi5 ? % . = g / h / \ yw0m " ^ i - u # ] w ) j % 1d # . nig : e - / ) z - ni ; di \ 0uflh4e48g _ p # ? k $ egn ? hf1g951abnjs6 ! udnpnnr ? ? r / ia ` ! f : - uh7 ) zkqn ` yk < ) eh ( ak1 \ 5 % k + ch + " % ljp , [ ; p & d ; " & @ drl ! % ^ g ; ro \ ) j " p " 9kk ] ouxftwa1ma1 & g ; : " i4l & 1 & ky ; @ g - qq [ >

$ d + sm . \ > kz5 > uc ; 98 - ? b [ * ) [ x ? 4 - \ nywplg " l ? - = 9 - 0 ! mqbq \ hydt % g ) d [ qg @ % * % ( es ! ucue . hqj * bddc > lu + ? - 7ji3unx , n7 = 0h @ 1al _ ws ` i ( 2p [ t0 , i ) " bp ! hfjlf ` lun _ / 9i ; j . # axb ` k & #

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research curator of fishes , north carolina state museum of natural sciences , research laboratory , 4301 reedy creek rd . , raleigh , nc , 27607 , usa

banks , r . c . , r . w . mcdiarmid , a . l . gardner , and w . c . starnes

checklist of vertebrates of the united states , the u . s . territories , and canada

nelson , joseph s . , edwin j . crossman , h . espinosa - pérez , l . t . findley , c . r . gilbert , et al . , eds .

full author list : nelson , joseph s . , edwin j . crossman , héctor espinosa - pérez , lloyd t . findley , carter r . gilbert , robert n . lea , and james d . williams

disclaimer : itis taxonomy is based on the latest scientific consensus available , and is provided as a general reference source for interested parties . however , it is not a legal authority for statutory or regulatory purposes . while every effort has been made to provide the most reliable and up - to - date information available , ultimate legal requirements with respect to species are contained in provisions of treaties to which the united states is a party , wildlife statutes , regulations , and any applicable notices that have been published in the federal register . for further information on u . s . legal requirements with respect to protected taxa , please contact the u . s . fish and wildlife service .


hallaxa fuscescens is a species of sea slug or dorid nudibranch , a marine gastropod mollusk in the family actinocyclidae .

there is some doubt regarding the correct taxonomic classification of this species .

hallaxa fuscescens

hallaxa fuscescens <EOT> how to cite : köhler , e . ( 2017 ) , published 2 august 2017 , hallaxa fuscescens ( pease , 1871 ) available from urltoken

this is hallaxa fuscescens . in a recent message [ # 22626 ] i noted the characteristic shape of the gills in all species of hallaxa . you can see the same goblet - shaped gill circlet in your animal as well .

hi bill and everyone ! here is a record of hallaxa fuscescens found here in the intertidal zone at alexandra headland . we have found almost 100 species here . also included is a photo of the animal spawning .

this species clearly has a wide indo - west pacific distribution , and as i report in a separate message [ # 17533 ] it feeds on a species of halisarcid sponge . the appropriate name for this species would appear to be hallaxa fuscescens .

following your images of hallaxa fuscescens i am attaching a couple of photos of this species from heron island [ great barrier reef ] it was found under a dead coral slab at the reef crest at low tide and was 16 mm in size .

synonymy . doris fuscescens pease , 1871b : 14 , pl . 4 , fig . 3 , 3a - c . kentrodoris nigra risbec , 1928a : 91 , pl . 2 , fig . 6 . , risbec , 1953 : 37 . hallaxa nigra : pruvot - fol , 1930 : 231 . hallaxa atrotuberculata gosliner & johnson , 1994 : 159 - 163 , figs 1a , 6 , 7 .

hallaxa fuscescens is another species of hallaxa which i have found feeding on a species of the ' slime sponge ' halisarca . the sponges are so named because they are often form a thin smooth slimy film over the rock on which they are attached . often they are not noticed . in the upper photo , the sponge colony has been reduced to scattered fragments by the feeding activity of the 5 animals i found on it .

dear bill , i have spent a long time looking for a name for this one , now i found at least a shot from the above message which looks very similar . is it hallaxa fuscescens ? locality : kalanggaman , malapascua island , 11m , philippines , western pacific ocean , 13 march 2005 . length : 16mm . photographer : erwin koehler .

in gosliner & johnson ' s ( 1994 ) review of hallaxa , a new species hallaxa atrotuberculata is proposed for a species from madagascar and the marshall islands which is characterised externally by its rounded black tubercles . i have also found this species in tanzania , australia and new caledonia . as i show here , there would appear to be at least two earlier names for this species

gosliner , t . m . & johnson , s . ( 1994 ) review of the genus hallaxa ( nudibranchia : actinocyclidae ) with descriptions of nine new species . the veliger , 37 ( 2 ) : 155 - 191 .

this species has a translucent body with low rounded black tubercles scattered over the mantle . the bipinnate gills are arranged in a tight , upright circle around the anal papillae . in gosliner & johnson ' s ( 1994 ) review of hallaxa , a new species hallaxa atrotuberculata is proposed for this species based on specimens from madagascar and the marshall islands . i have also found this species in tanzania , australia and new caledonia . there appear to be at least two earlier names for this species

gosliner , t . m . & johnson , s . 1994 , " review of the genus hallaxa ( nudibranchia : actinocyclidae ) with description of nine new species " , the veliger , vol . 37 , no . 2 , pp . 155–191

photos : upper right : arrawarra head , coffs harbour , nthn new south wales , australia . intertidal , on halisarca . 16 march 1982 . live length 18 mm . am c115783 . a . doris fuscescens pease , 1871 : plate 4 , fig . 3 , 3a - c . b . kentrodoris nigra risbec , 1928 : plate 2 , fig . 6

photos : upper right : arrawarra head , coffs harbour , nthn new south wales , australia . intertidal , on halisarca . 16 march 1982 . live length 18 mm . am c115783 . lower left : another animal photographed on halisarca at same time . photos : bill rudman . a . doris fuscescens pease , 1871 : plate 4 , fig . 3 , 3a - c . b . kentrodoris nigra risbec , 1928 : plate 2 , fig . 6

dear julie , thanks for this record . i don ' t know if you realised , but the translucent greyish ' film ' that the hallaxa has its head on in your photo , is a colony of the ' slime sponge ' halisarca on which i reported it feeding . in my photos , [ message # 17533 ] , only patches of the sponge colony remain . your message provides a valuable confirmation of my observations .

concerning finding three dull coloured species together . i am not sure if the colour similarity is significant , but these three dorids feed on sponges which can tolerate quite extreme ecological conditions . certainly h . fuscescens can be found high on rocky shores and similarly dendrodoris nigra can be found in luke - warm water in upper tidal pools . shallow sea - grass beds are also not the best places for sponges but those that are found there are tough and adaptible . so i would say these three species were found together because of the adaptibilty of the sponges they feed on - but i don ' t know if their similar colouration is an adaptation for such conditions .

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pease , w . h . ( 1871 ) descriptions of new species of nudibranchiate mollusca inhabiting polynesia . no . 2 . american journal of conchology . 7 ( 1 ) : 11 - 19

pruvot - fol , a . ( 1930 ) diagnose provisoires ( incomplètes ) des espèces nouvelles et liste provisoire des mollusques nudibranches recueillis par mme . a . pruvot - fol en nouvelle calédonie ( ile des pins ) . bulletin du museum national d ' histoire naturelle paris , 2 : 229 - 232 .

risbec , j . ( 1928 ) contribution a l ' étude des nudibranches néo - calédoniens . faune des colonies francaises , 2 ( 1 ) : 328 , pls . 1 - 12 .

locality : arrawarra head , coffs harbour , nthn new south wales , australia . intertidal , 16 march 1982 , live length of pictured animal , 18 mm . on halisarca sp . am . c115783

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pease , w . h . 1871 , " descriptions of new nudibranchiate mollusca inhabiting polynesia " , american journal of conchology , vol . 7 , pp . 11 - 20

urn : lsid : biodiversity . org . au : afd . taxon : 01f63edf - 8d0c - 4b1a - ad8d - a05528fdd12d

urn : lsid : biodiversity . org . au : afd . taxon : 131d379a - 5efe - 4d99 - a0b7 - ac7e9c23ab10

urn : lsid : biodiversity . org . au : afd . taxon : 5549141b - 1ce8 - 4c18 - bf9e - f78b35b78a88

urn : lsid : biodiversity . org . au : afd . taxon : 5c7b1767 - daa5 - 4979 - bdff - c08ea6d9b985

urn : lsid : biodiversity . org . au : afd . name : 507118

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arrawarra head , coffs harbour , nthn new south wales , australia . intertidal - 18 mm

i found this little nudibranch moving among seagrass at low tide . it wasn ' t feeding . i have never seen it before , nor have i seen any picture of it , and it has not been recorded in philibert bidgrain ' s website .

locality : moutsoumbatsou reef , 1 metre , mayotte island , france , mozambique channel , indian ocean , 8 august 2009 , sand and seagrass . length : 15 mm . photographer : matthias deuss .

by the way , most of the nudibranchs i found on this reef , which is mostly covered by seagrass and seaweeds , were black or very dark , uncolored species : this one , actinocyclus verrucosus and dendrodoris nigra . is it more than a coincidence ?

locality : alexandra headland , mooloolaba , 100 mm , queensland , australia , pacific ocean , 10 april 2004 , intertidal . length : 20 mm . photographer : gary cobb .

it ' s nice to get a photo of its egg ribbon . in the middle photo we also get a good view of the ' goblet ' - shaped gill cluster which is so characteristic of this family . i would be interested in any photos you have of it on its food sponge [ see message # 17533 ] .

also nice to see the photo of the very colourful form of pectenodoris trilineata .

locality : heron island , intertidal , queensland , australia , pacific , 10 nov . 2000 , intertidal . length : 16 mm . photographer : julie marshall .

the 11 to 14 , small gills , are arranged in a tight , upright circle around the anal papillae . they are uniformly dark grey to black

the intensity of the background colour of the mantle apparently varies with the age of the individual ; juveniles are pale greyish because they posses relatively few dark pigment granules . whereas adults are black because they posses numerous pigment granules .

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cfm script by , 30 . 11 . 04 , , php script by , 05 / 11 / 2010 , last modified by kbanasihan , 06 / 28 / 2010