typhisopsis is a genus of sea snails , marine gastropod mollusks in the family muricidae , the murex snails or rock snails .

it was first described by félix pierre jousseaume in 1880 .

typhisopsis

typhisopsis <EOT> typhisopsis jousseaume , f . p . , 1880 type species : typhisopsis coronatus broderip , w . j . , 1833

houart r . & hertz c . m . 2006 . a review of typhisopsis and typhisala ( gastropoda : muricoidea ) of the eastern pacific . the nautilus 120 ( 2 ) : 52 - 65 . [ erratum vol . 123 : 23 ( 2009 ) ] . [ details ]

jousseaume , f . p . ( 1880 ) . division méthodique de la famille des purpuridés . le naturaliste . 2 ( 42 ) : 335 - 338 . , available online at urltoken page ( s ) : 335 [ details ]

diagnosis four heavy , rounded , ropelike varices ; only apertural varix with varical flange ; apertural varix with upward curved , sharp , shoulder spine ; spine of other varices strongly inwards pointed ; tubes near preceding varix , adpressed to preceding partition ; radula different from any other genus . [ details ]

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the checklists are descriptive documents of the species that are part of a concrete taxonomic group or a group of species that are part of an specific analysis .

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gustavo jiménez - uzcátegui , david a . wiedenfeld , f . hernán vargas , howard l . snell .

nathalia tirado - sanchez , john mccosker , diego ruiz , angel chiriboga , stuart banks .

yves finet , nathalia tirado - sanchez , angel chiriboga , diego ruiz , stuart banks .

frank bungartz , frauke ziemmeck , alba yánez ayabaca , fredy nugra , andré aptroot .

anne guézou , susana chamorro , paola pozo , ana mireya guerrero , rachel atkinson , chris buddenhagen , patricia jaramillo díaz , mark gardener .

gustavo jiménez - uzcátegui , javier zabala , brian milstead , howard l . snell .

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the “charles darwin foundation for the galapagos islands” , in french “fondation charles darwin pour les îles galapagos” , association international sans but lucratif ( “aisbl” ) , has its registered office located at drève du pieuré 19 , 1160 brussels , and is registered under the trade registry of brussels under the number 0409 . 359 . 103 .

volutella perry , g . , 1810 type species : volutella divergens perry , g . , 1810

phyllocoma ( phyllocoma ) tapparone - canefri , c . e . , 1881 type species : phyllocoma ( phyllocoma ) convoluta broderip , w . j . , 1833

phyllocoma ( galfridus ) iredale , t . , 1924 type species : phyllocoma ( galfridus ) speciosa speciosa angas , g . f . , 1871

murex linnaeus , c . , 1758 type species : murex pecten montfort , p . d . de , 1810

murex ( murex ) linnaeus , c . , 1758 type species : murex pecten montfort , p . d . de , 1810

murex ( promurex ) ponder , w . f . & e . h . vokes , 1988 type species : murex ( promurex ) antelmei viader , r . , 1938

haustellum schumacher , h . c . f . , 1817 type species : haustellum haustellum linnaeus , c . , 1758

vokesimurex petuch , e . j . , 1994 type species : vokesimurex messorius sowerby , g . b . ii , 1841

siratus jousseaume , f . p . , 1880 type species : siratus senegalensis gmelin , j . f . , 1791

bolinus pusch , g . g . , 1837 type species : bolinus brandaris brandaris linnaeus , c . , 1758

hexaplex perry , g . , 1810 type species : hexaplex foliacea perry , g . , 1811

hexaplex ( hexaplex ) perry , g . , 1810 type species : hexaplex foliacea perry , g . , 1811

hexaplex ( muricanthus ) swainson , w . a . , 1840 type species : hexaplex ( muricanthus ) radix gmelin , j . f . , 1791

hexaplex ( trunculariopsis ) cossmann , a . e . m . , 1921 type species : hexaplex ( trunculariopsis ) trunculus trunculus linnaeus , c . , 1758

chicoreus montfort , p . d . de , 1810 type species : chicoreus ( chicoreus ) ramosus linnaeus , c . , 1758

chicoreus ( chicoreus ) montfort , p . d . de , 1810 type species : chicoreus ( chicoreus ) ramosus linnaeus , c . , 1758

chicoreus ( chicopinnatus ) houart , r . , 1992 type species : chicoreus ( chicopinnatus ) orchidiflorus shikama , t . , 1973

chicoreus ( rhizophorimurex ) oyama , k . , 1950 type species : chicoreus ( rhizophorimurex ) capucinus lamarck , j . b . p . a . de , 1822

chicoreus ( triplex ) perry , g . , 1810 type species : chicoreus ( triplex ) foliatus perry , g . , 1810

chicomurex arakawa , k . y . , 1964 type species : chicomurex superbus sowerby , g . b . iii , 1889

naquetia jousseaume , f . p . , 1880 type species : naquetia triqueter born , i . von , 1778

phyllonotus swainson , w . a . , 1833 type species : murex imperialis swainson , w . a . , 1831

pterynotus ( pterynotus ) swainson , w . a . , 1833 type species : murex pinnatus swainson , w . a . , 1822

pterynotus ( pterymarchia ) houart , r . , 1995 type species : pterynotus ( pterymarchia ) tripterus born , i . von , 1778

timbellus gregorio , a . de , 1885 type species : timbellus latifolius bellardi , l . , 1872

pterochelus jousseaume , f . p . , 1880 type species : pterochelus acanthopterus lamarck , j . b . p . a . de , 1816

purpurellus jousseaume , f . p . , 1880 type species : purpurellus gambiensis reeve , l . a . , 1845

ingensia houart , r . , 2001 type species : ingensia ingens houart , r . , 1987

ponderia houart , r . , 1986 type species : ponderia zealandica hutton , f . w . , 1873

prototyphis ponder , w . f . , 1972 type species : prototyphis angasi crosse , h . , 1863

poirieria ( poirieria ) jousseaume , f . p . , 1880 type species : poirieria ( poirieria ) zelandica quoy , h . e . t . & j . p . gaimard , 1833

poirieria ( actinotrophon ) dall , w . h . , 1902 type species : poirieria ( actinotrophon ) actinophora dall , w . h . , 1889

paziella ( paziella ) jousseaume , f . p . , 1880 type species : paziella ( paziella ) pazi crosse , h . , 1869

paziella ( bouchetia ) houart , r . & v . héros , 2008 type species : paziella ( bouchetia ) vaubanensis houart , r . , 1986

paziella ( flexopteron ) shuto , t . , 1969 type species : paziella ( flexopteron ) philippinensis shuto , t . , 1969

calotrophon ( calotrophon ) hertlein , l . g . & a . m . strong , 1951 type species : calotrophon bristolae hertlein , l . g . & a . m . strong , 1951

calotrophon ( panamurex ) woodring , w . p . , 1959 type species : calotrophon ( panamurex ) gatunensis brown , a . & h . a . pilsbry , 1911

attiliosa emerson , w . k . , 1968 type species : coralliophila incompta berry , s . s . , 1960

aspella mörch , o . a . l . , 1877 type species : aspella anceps lamarck , j . b . p . a . de , 1822

dermomurex monterosato , t . a . de m . di , 1890 type species : dermomurex ( viator ) antonius vokes , e . h . , 1974

dermomurex ( dermomurex ) monterosato , t . a . de m . di , 1890 type species : dermomurex ( viator ) antonius vokes , e . h . , 1974

dermomurex ( gracilimurex ) thiele , j . , 1929 type species : murex bicolor thiele , j . , 1929

dermomurex ( takia ) kuroda , t . , 1953 type species : murex inermis sowerby , g . b . ii , 1841

dermomurex ( trialatella ) berry , s . s . , 1964 type species : dermomurex ( trialatella ) cunninghamae berry , s . s . , 1964

dermomurex ( viator ) vokes , e . h . , 1974 type species : dermomurex ( viator ) antonius vokes , e . h . , 1974

typhis ( typhis ) montfort , p . d . de , 1810 type species : typhis ( typhis ) tubifer bruguière , j . g . , 1792

typhis ( brasityphis ) absalão , r . s . & f . n . dos santos , 2003 type species : typhis ( brasityphis ) barrosi absalão , r . s . & f . n . dos santos , 2003

typhis ( haustellotyphis ) jousseaume , f . p . , 1880 type species : typhis ( haustellotyphis ) cumingii broderip , w . j . , 1833

typhis ( hirtotyphis ) jousseaume , f . p . , 1880 type species : typhis ( hirtotyphis ) horridus brocchi , g . b . , 1814

monstrotyphis habe , t . , 1961 type species : monstrotyphis tosaensis azuma , m . , 1960

rugotyphis vella , p . , 1961 type species : rugotyphis francescae finlay , h . j . , 1924

typhina jousseaume , f . p . , 1880 type species : typhina belcheri broderip , w . j . , 1833

typhinellus jousseaume , f . p . , 1880 type species : typhis sowerbii broderip , w . j . , 1833

siphonochelus ( siphonochelus ) jousseaume , f . p . , 1880 type species : siphonochelus ( siphonochelus ) arcuatus hinds , r . b . , 1843

siphonochelus ( choreotyphis ) iredale , t . , 1936 type species : siphonochelus ( choreotyphis ) pavlova iredale , t . , 1936

siphonochelus ( distichotyphis ) keen , a . m . & g . b . campbell , 1964 type species : siphonochelus ( distichotyphis ) vemae keen , a . m . & g . b . campbell , 1964

siphonochelus ( laevityphis ) cossmann , a . e . m . , 1903 type species : typhis ( typhis ) coronarius deshayes , g . p . , 1865

siphonochelus ( trubatsa ) dall , w . h . , 1889 type species : siphonochelus ( trubatsa ) longicornis dall , w . h . , 1888

typhisala jousseaume , f . p . , 1881 type species : typhisala grandis adams , a . , 1855

cinclidotyphis dushane , h . , 1969 type species : cinclidotyphis myrae dushane , h . , 1969

pterotyphis jousseaume , f . p . , 1880 type species : pterotyphis pinnatus broderip , w . j . , 1833

tripterotyphis pilsbry , h . a . & h . n . lowe , 1932 type species : tripterotyphis lowei lowei pilsbry , h . a . , 1931

muricopsis ( muricopsis ) bucquoy , e . j . , ph . dautzenberg & g . f . dollfus , 1882 type species : muricopsis ( muricopsis ) blainvillei payraudeau , b . - c . , 1826

muricopsis ( risomurex ) olsson , a . a . & t . l . mcginty , 1958 type species : muricopsis ( risomurex ) deformis reeve , l . a . , 1846

rolandiella marshall , b . a . & k . w . burch , 2000 type species : rolandiella scotti marshall , b . a . & k . w . burch , 2000

murexsul iredale , t . , 1915 type species : murexsul octogonus quoy , h . e . t . & j . p . gaimard , 1833

acanthotrophon hertlein , l . g . & a . m . strong , 1951 type species : acanthotrophon sorenseni hertlein , l . g . & a . m . strong , 1951

bizetiella radwin , g . e . & a . d ' attilio , 1972 type species : bizetiella carmen lowe , h . n . , 1935

evokesia radwin , g . e . & a . d ' attilio , 1972 type species : pascula rufonotata carpenter , p . p . , 1864

favartia jousseaume , f . p . , 1880 type species : favartia ( favartia ) brevicula sowerby , g . b . ii , 1834

favartia ( favartia ) jousseaume , f . p . , 1880 type species : favartia ( favartia ) brevicula sowerby , g . b . ii , 1834

favartia ( caribiella ) perilliat , urltoken c . , 1971 type species : favartia ( caribiella ) alveata kiener , l . c . , 1842

favartia ( pygmaepterys ) vokes , e . h . , 1978 type species : favartia alfredensis bartsch , p . , 1915

homalocantha mörch , o . a . l . , 1852 type species : homalocantha scorpio linnaeus , c . , 1758

maxwellia baily , w . b . , 1950 type species : maxwellia gemma sowerby , g . b . ii , 1879

favartia ( murexiella ) clench , w . j . & i . pérez farfante , 1945 type species : favartia ( murexiella ) hidalgoi crosse , h . , 1869

favartia ( subpterynotus ) olsson , a . a . & a . harbison , 1953 type species : favartia ( subpterynotus ) textilis gabb , w . m . , 1873

pradoxa fernandes , f . & e . m . rolán , 1993 type species : pradoxa confirmata fernandes , f . & e . m . rolán , 1990

xastilia bouchet , ph . & r . houart , 1994 type species : xastilia kosugei bouchet , ph . & r . houart , 1994

vitularia swainson , w . a . , 1840 type species : vitularia miliaris gmelin , j . f . , 1791

pazinotus vokes , e . h . , 1978 type species : pazinotus stimpsonii dall , w . h . , 1889

africanella vermeij , g . j . & r . houart , 1999 type species : africanella isaacsi houart , r . , 1984

xanthochorus fischer , p . , 1884 type species : purpura xanthostoma broderip , w . j . , 1833

ceratostoma herrmannsen , a . n . , 1846 type species : ceratostoma nuttalli conrad , t . a . , 1837

chicocenebra bouchet , ph . & r . houart , 1996 type species : chicocenebra gubbi reeve , l . a . , 1849

chorus gray , j . e . , 1847 type species : chorus giganteus lesson , r . p . , 1831

crassilabrum jousseaume , f . p . , 1880 type species : crassilabrum crassilabrum sowerby , g . b . ii , 1834

eupleura adams , a . in adams , h . g . & a . adams , 1853 type species : eupleura caudata say , t . , 1822

forreria jousseaume , f . p . , 1880 type species : forreria belcheri hinds , r . b . , 1843

forreria ( austrotrophon ) dall , w . h . , 1902 type species : forreria ( austrotrophon ) cerrosensis dall , w . h . , 1891

forreria ( zacatrophon ) hertlein , l . g . & a . m . strong , 1951 type species : forreria ( zacatrophon ) beebei hertlein , l . g . & a . m . strong , 1948

genkaimurex kuroda , t . , 1953 type species : genkaimurex varicosus kuroda , t . , 1953

hadriania bucquoy , e . j . & ph . dautzenberg , 1882 type species : murex craticulatus brocchi , g . b . , 1814

inermicosta jousseaume , f . p . , 1880 type species : inermicosta inermicosta vokes , e . h . , 1964

jaton pusch , g . g . , 1837 type species : jaton decussatus gmelin , j . f . , 1791

nucella röding , p . f . , 1798 type species : buccinum filosum gmelin , j . f . , 1791

nucella ( acanthina ) fischer von waldheim , g . , 1870 type species : buccinum monoceros chemnitz , j . h . , 1786

nucella ( acanthinucella ) cooke , a . h . , 1918 type species : nucella ( acanthinucella ) punctulata sowerby , g . b . i , 1825

ocinebrina jousseaume , f . p . , 1880 type species : murex corallinus scacchi , a . , 1836

pteropurpura ( pteropurpura ) jousseaume , f . p . , 1880 type species : pteropurpura ( pteropurpura ) macroptera macroptera deshayes , g . p . , 1839

ocinebrellus jousseaume , f . p . , 1880 type species : ocinebrellus eurypteron reeve , l . a . , 1845

pteropurpura ( calcitrapessa ) berry , s . s . , 1959 type species : pteropurpura ( calcitrapessa ) leeana dall , w . h . , 1890

pteropurpura ( poropteron ) jousseaume , f . p . , 1880 type species : pteropurpura ( poropteron ) uncinaria lamarck , j . b . p . a . de , 1822

pterorytis conrad , t . a . , 1863 type species : pterorytis umbrifer conrad , t . a . , 1862

ocenebra gray , j . e . , 1847 type species : ocenebra erinacea linnaeus , c . , 1758

roperia dall , w . h . , 1898 type species : roperia poulsoni carpenter , p . p . , 1864

ocenotrophon mclean , j . h . , 1995 type species : ocenotrophon painei dall , w . h . , 1904

trochia swainson , w . a . , 1840 type species : trochia cingulata linnaeus , c . , 1771

urosalpinx stimpson , w . , 1865 type species : urosalpinx cinerea say , t . , 1822

vaughtia houart , r . , 1995 type species : vaughtia babingtoni sowerby , g . b . iii , 1892

trophon montfort , p . d . de , 1810 type species : murex magellanicus gmelin , j . f . , 1791

afritrophon tomlin , j . r . le b . , 1947 type species : afritrophon kowieensis sowerby , g . b . iii , 1901

anatrophon iredale , t . , 1929 type species : anatrophon sarmentosus hedley , c . & w . l . may , 1908

boreotrophon fischer , p . , 1884 type species : boreotrophon clathratus linnaeus , c . , 1767

nodulotrophon habe , t . & k . ito , 1965 type species : trophon dalli kobelt , w . , 1878

coronium simone , l . r . l . de , 1996 type species : coronium oblongum simone , l . r . l . de , 1996

enatimene iredale , t . , 1929 type species : enatimene simplex hedley , c . , 1903

enixotrophon iredale , t . , 1929 type species : enixotrophon carduelis watson , r . b . , 1882

fuegotrophon powell , a . w . b . , 1951 type species : fuegotrophon pallidus broderip , w . j . in broderip , w . j . & g . b . i sowerby , 1833

leptotrophon houart , r . , 1995 type species : leptotrophon caroae houart , r . , 1995

litozamia iredale , t . , 1929 type species : litozamia rudolphi brazier , j . in henn , a . u . , 1894

scabrotrophon mclean , j . h . , 1996 type species : scabrotrophon maltzani kobelt , w . & h . c . küster , 1878

stramonitrophon powell , a . w . b . , 1951 type species : stramonitrophon laciniatus dillwyn , l . w . , 1817

minortrophon finlay , h . j . , 1926 type species : minortrophon crassiliratus suter , h . h . , 1908

benthoxystus iredale , t . , 1929 type species : benthoxystus columnarius hedley , c . & w . l . may , 1908

conchatalos houart , r . , 1995 type species : conchatalos lacrima houart , r . , 1991

gemixystus iredale , t . , 1929 type species : gemixystus laminatus petterd , w . f . , 1884

nipponotrophon kuroda , t . & t . habe in kuroda , t . , t . habe & k . oyama , 1971 type species : boreotrophon echinus dall , w . h . , 1918

abyssotrophon egorov , r . v . , 1993 type species : abyssotrophon ruthenicus egorov , r . v . , 1993

xenotrophon iredale , t . , 1929 type species : xenotrophon euschema iredale , t . , 1929

axymene finlay , h . j . , 1926 type species : axymene turbator finlay , h . j . , 1927

comptella finlay , h . j . , 1926 type species : comptella curta murdoch , r . , 1905

paratrophon finlay , h . j . , 1926 type species : paratrophon cheesemani cheesemani hutton , f . w . , 1882

terefundus finlay , h . j . , 1926 type species : terefundus crispulatus suter , h . h . , 1908

trophonopsis bucquoy , e . j . , ph . dautzenberg & g . f . dollfus , 1882 type species : trophonopsis muricata montagu , g . , 1803

xymene iredale , t . , 1915 type species : xymene plebeius hutton , f . w . , 1873

xymenella finlay , h . j . , 1927 type species : xymenella pusilla suter , h . h . , 1907

xymenopsis powell , a . w . b . , 1951 type species : xymenopsis liratus gould , a . a . , 1849

zeatrophon finlay , h . j . , 1927 type species : zeatrophon ambiguus philippi , r . a . , 1844

trophonella harasewych , m . g . & g . pastorino , 2010 type species : trophonella scotiana powell , a . w . b . , 1951

pagodula monterosato , t . a . de m . di , 1884 type species : pagodula echinata kiener , l . c . , 1840

haustrum perry , g . , 1811 type species : haustrum zealandicum perry , g . , 1811

lepsiella iredale , t . , 1912 type species : haustrum scobina quoy , h . e . t . & j . p . gaimard , 1833

bedeva iredale , t . , 1924 type species : trophon hanleyi angas , g . f . , 1867

ergalatax iredale , t . , 1931 type species : ergalatax recurrens iredale , t . , 1931

bedevina habe , t . , 1946 type species : bedevina birileffi lischke , c . e . , 1871

cronia adams , h . g . & a . adams , 1853 type species : cronia ( cronia ) amygdala kiener , l . c . , 1835

cronia ( cronia ) adams , h . g . & a . adams , 1853 type species : cronia ( cronia ) amygdala kiener , l . c . , 1835

cronia ( usilla ) adams , h . g . , 1860 type species : cronia ( usilla ) avenacea lesson , r . p . , 1842

cytharomorula kuroda , t . , 1953 type species : cytharomorula vexillum kuroda , t . , 1953

daphnellopsis schepman , m . m . , 1913 type species : daphnellopsis lamellosa schepman , m . m . , 1913

drupella thiele , j . , 1925 type species : purpura elata blainville , h . m . d . de , 1832

lataxiena jousseaume , f . p . , 1883 type species : lataxiena lataxiena jousseaume , f . p . , 1883

lindapterys petuch , e . j . , 1987 type species : lindapterys vokesae petuch , e . j . , 1987

maculotriton dall , w . h . , 1904 type species : triton bracteatus hinds , r . b . , 1844

morula schumacher , h . c . f . , 1817 type species : morula papillosa schumacher , h . c . f . , 1817

morula ( morula ) schumacher , h . c . f . , 1817 type species : morula ( morula ) uva röding , p . f . , 1798

morula ( azumamorula ) emerson , w . k . , 1968 type species : morula ( azumamorula ) mutica lamarck , j . b . p . a . de , 1816

morula ( habromorula ) houart , r . , 1995 type species : morula ( habromorula ) biconica blainville , h . m . d . de , 1832

muricodrupa iredale , t . , 1918 type species : muricodrupa fenestrata blainville , h . m . d . de , 1832

oppomorus iredale , t . , 1937 type species : oppomorus noduliferus menke , k . t . , 1829

orania pallary . m . p . , 1900 type species : murex spadae libassi , i . , 1859

pascula dall , w . h . , 1908 type species : pascula citrica dall , w . h . , 1908

phrygiomurex dall , w . h . , 1904 type species : phrygiomurex sculptilis reeve , l . a . , 1844

roquesia petuch , e . j . , 2013 type species : roquesia lindae petuch , e . j . , 2013

spinidrupa habe , t . & s . kosuge , 1966 type species : spinidrupa euracantha adams , a . , 1853

tenguella arakawa , k . y . , 1965 type species : tenguella granulata duclos , p . l . , 1832

trachypollia woodring , w . p . , 1928 type species : trachypollia sclera woodring , w . p . , 1928

uttleya marwick , j . , 1934 type species : uttleya arcana marwick , j . , 1934

drupa röding , p . f . , 1798 type species : drupa morum morum röding , p . f . , 1798

drupa ( drupina ) dall , w . h . , 1923 type species : ricinula digitata lamarck , j . b . p . a . de , 1816

drupa ( ricinella ) schumacher , h . c . f . , 1817 type species : unknowngenustype

rapana schumacher , h . c . f . , 1817 type species : rapana bezoar linnaeus , c . , 1767

purpura bruguière , j . g . , 1789 type species : purpura persica linnaeus , c . , 1758

plicopurpura cossmann , a . e . m . , 1903 type species : plicopurpura columellaris lamarck , j . b . p . a . de , 1822

neorapana cooke , a . h . , 1918 type species : neorapana muricata broderip , w . j . , 1832

thais röding , p . f . , 1798 type species : thais ( thais ) nodosa nodosa linnaeus , c . , 1758

thais ( thais ) röding , p . f . , 1798 type species : thais ( thais ) nodosa nodosa linnaeus , c . , 1758

thais ( mancinella ) link , h . f . , 1807 type species : thais ( mancinella ) mancinella linnaeus , c . , 1758

thais ( thalessa ) adams , h . g . & a . adams , 1853 type species : tylothais aculeata deshayes , g . p . , 1844

vasula mörch , o . a . l . , 1860 type species : vasula melones duclos , p . l . , 1832

tribulus adams , h . g . & a . adams , 1853 type species : tribulus planospira lamarck , j . b . p . a . de , 1822

thaisella clench , w . j . , 1947 type species : thaisella coronata lamarck , j . b . p . a . de , 1816

cymia mörch , o . a . l . , 1860 type species : cymia sulcata swainson , w . a . , 1840

dicathais macpherson , j . h . & c . j . gabriel , 1962 type species : dicathais orbita gmelin , j . f . , 1791

vexilla swainson , w . a . , 1840 type species : vexilla picta swainson , w . a .

concholepas lamarck , j . b . p . a . de , 1801 type species : concholepas peruviana lamarck , j . b . p . a . de , 1801

pinaxia adams , h . g . & a . adams , 1853 type species : pinaxia coronata adams , a . , 1851

neothais iredale , t . , 1912 type species : neothais smithi brazier , j . in etheridge , r . , 1889

reishia kuroda , t . & t . habe , 1971 type species : reishia bronni dunker , r . w . , 1860

semiricinula martens , e . c . von , 1904 type species : semiricinula muricina blainville , h . m . d . de , 1832

stramonita schumacher , h . c . f . , 1817 type species : stramonita haemastoma haemastoma linnaeus , c . , 1767

agnewia tenison - woods , j . e . , 1878 type species : purpura typica dunker , r . w .

acanthais vermeij , g . j . & h . h . kool , 1994 type species : acanthais brevidentata wood , w . , 1828

taurasia bellardi , l . , 1882 type species : taurasia subfusiformis orbigny , a . v . m . d . d ' , 1852

nassa röding , p . f . , 1798 type species : nassa picta röding , p . f . , 1798

indothais claremont , m . , g . j . vermeij , s . t . williams & d . g . reid , 2013 type species : indothais lacera born , i . von , 1778

tylothais houart , r . , 2017 type species : tylothais savignyi deshayes , g . p . in lamarck , j . b . p . a . de , 1844

coralliophila adams , h . g . & a . adams , 1853 type species : coralliophila ( coralliophila ) neritoidea lamarck , j . b . p . a . de , 1816

coralliophila ( coralliophila ) adams , h . g . & a . adams , 1853 type species : coralliophila ( coralliophila ) neritoidea lamarck , j . b . p . a . de , 1816

coralliophila ( coralliobia ) adams , h . g . & a . adams , 1853 type species : coralliophila ( coralliobia ) fimbriata adams , a . , 1854

coralliophila ( pseudomurex ) monterosato , t . a . de m . di , 1872 type species : coralliophila ( coralliophila ) aedonia watson , r . b . , 1886

babelomurex coen , g . s . , 1922 type species : fusus babelis réquien , e . , 1848

babelomurex ( babelomurex ) coen , g . s . , 1922 type species : fusus babelis réquien , e . , 1848

babelomurex ( echinolatiaxis ) kosuge , s . , 1979 type species : babelomurex echinatus azuma , m . , 1960

babelomurex ( laevilatiaxis ) kosuge , s . , 1974 type species : babelomurex ( laevilatiaxis ) fruticosus kosuge , s . , 1979

babelomurex ( lamellatiaxis ) habe , t . & s . kosuge , 1970 type species : babelomurex ( babelomurex ) marumai habe , t . & s . kosuge , 1970

babelomurex ( tarantellaxis ) habe , t . , 1970 type species : babelomurex ( tarantellaxis ) kuroharai habe , t . , 1970

emozamia iredale , t . , 1929 type species : emozamia licina hedley , c . & w . f . petterd , 1906

fusomurex coen , g . s . , 1922 type species : murex alucoides blainville , h . m . d . de , 1829

galeropsis huppé , l . - h . , 1860 type species : galeropsis lavenayanus huppé , l . - h . , 1860

hirtomurex coen , g . s . , 1922 type species : fusus lamellosus philippi , r . a . , 1836

latiaxis swainson , w . a . , 1840 type species : latiaxis mawae gray , j . e . in griffith , e . & e . pidgeon , 1834

magilus montfort , p . d . de , 1810 type species : magilus antiquus montfort , p . d . de , 1810

mipus gregorio , a . de , 1885 type species : mipus gyratus hinds , r . b . , 1844

quoyula iredale , t . , 1912 type species : quoyula monodonta blainville , h . m . d . de , 1832

rapa röding , p . f . , 1798 type species : rapa rapa linnaeus , c . , 1758

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bieler r . bouchet p . dijkstra h . faber m . finn j . garcia - alvarez o . gofas s . la perna r . marshall b . moretzsohn f . neubauer t . a . rosenberg g . sartori a . f . schneider s . taylor j . ter poorten j . j . & vos c . ( eds ) . ( 2018 ) . worms mollusca : molluscabase ( version 2018 - 06 - 06 ) . in : roskov y . , abucay l . , orrell t . , nicolson d . , bailly n . , kirk p . m . , bourgoin t . , dewalt r . e . , decock w . , de wever a . , nieukerken e . van , zarucchi j . , penev l . , eds . ( 2018 ) . species 2000 & itis catalogue of life , 30th june 2018 . digital resource at urltoken species 2000 : naturalis , leiden , the netherlands . issn 2405 - 8858 .

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euglossa dilemma , the green orchid bee or dilemma orchid bee , is a species of solitary euglossine bee native to a broad area of central america , and recently introduced to florida in the united states .

it was first detected in broward county , florida in 2003 , and initially identified as euglossa viridissima , but further study revealed that e. viridissima as previously defined consisted of two cryptic species , and the one present in florida was new to science .

euglossa dilemma

euglossa dilemma <EOT> maggie whitson marked " euglossa dilemma ( green orchid bee ) " as trusted on the " euglossa dilemma " page .

maggie whitson marked " green orchid bee ( euglossa dilemma ) " as trusted on the " euglossa dilemma " page .

maggie whitson added a link to " featured creatures : green orchid bee - euglossa dilemma friese " on " euglossa dilemma " .

euglossa dilemma genome assembly edil _ v1 . 0 ( gca _ 002201625 . 1 / nijg01 )

maggie whitson marked " friendly green orchid bee " as trusted on the " euglossa dilemma " page .

maggie whitson marked " euglossa - dilemma , - male , - side _ 2012 - 06 - 27 - 17 . 32 . 14 - zs - pmax " as trusted on the " euglossa dilemma " page .

euglossa dilemma , male , face _ 2012 - 06 - 27 - 17 . 20 . 45 zs pmax

euglossa dilemma , male , face _ 2012 - 06 - 27 - 17 . 20 . 45 zs pmax | flickr

euglossa dilemma genome assembly edil _ v1 . 0 ( gca _ 002201625 . 1 / nijg01 ) | i5k workspace @ nal

euglossa - dilemma , - male , - side _ 2012 - 06 - 27 - 17 . 32 . 14 - zs - pmax

euglossa - dilemma , - male , - side _ 2012 - 06 - 27 - 17 . 32 . 14 - zs - pmax | flickr

chemosensory genes detected in the antennal transcriptomes of e . dilemma and e . viridissima

e . dilemma gene annotations with homology to the honey bee . ( . txt )

establishment of the neotropical orchid bee euglossa viridissima ( hymenoptera : apidae ) in florida .

figure 2 . a female euglossa dilemma photographed while foraging . corbiculae ( pollen baskets ) are visible , and contain yellow pollen stores . photograph by thomas chauvenc , university of florida , ft . lauderdale research and education center .

a fixed and polymorphic non - synonymous and synonymous substitutions between orthologs of given genes of e . dilemma and e . viridissima

figure 1 . a male euglossa dilemma photographed from various angles . characteristic green metallic coloration , long tongue , brush - like front tarsi , and enlarged hind tibiae are visible . photographs by aaron mullins , university of florida , ft . lauderdale research and education center .

a homologous genes identified independently in the antennal transcriptomes of e . dilemma and e . viridissima with ≥10 - fold mean per - base coverage

acquisition of species - specific perfume blends : influence of habitat - dependent compound availability on odour choices of male orchid bees ( euglossa spp . )

characterization of the orchid bee euglossa viridissima ( apidae : euglossini ) and a novel cryptic sibling species , by morphological , chemical , and genetic characters .

pech , m . e . c . , w . de j . may - itzá , l . a . m . medina , and j . j . g . quezada - euan , 2008 sociality in euglossa ( euglossa ) viridissima friese ( hymenoptera , apidae , euglossini ) . insectes sociaux

acquisition of species - specific perfume blends : influence of habitat - dependent compound availability on odour choices of male orchid bees ( euglossa spp . ) | springerlink

if you use this dataset , please cite the following publication : the nuclear and mitochondrial genomes of the facultatively eusocial orchid bee euglossa dilemma philipp brand , nicholas saleh , hailin pan , cai li , karen m . kapheim and santiago r . ramírez g3 : genes , genomes , genetics early online july 12 , 2017 ; urltoken

our results are consistent with the hypothesis that genes of the olfactory peripheral system of e . dilemma and e . viridissima have evolved under strong divergent selective pressures . together , these observations support a significant trend of increased divergent selective pressures that may have shaped the recent evolution of chemosensory genes in e . dilemma and e . viridissima .

skov c , wiley j . 2005 . establishment of the neotropical orchid bee euglossa viridissima ( hymenoptera : apidae ) in florida . florida entomologist 88 : 225 - 227 .

allpaths - lg for more information , or to cite , please see the following publication : the nuclear and mitochondrial genomes of the facultatively eusocial orchid bee euglossa dilemma philipp brand , nicholas saleh , hailin pan , cai li , karen m . kapheim and santiago r . ramírez g3 : genes , genomes , genetics early online july 12 , 2017 ; urltoken

first identified as euglossa viridissima , but further study revealed that e . viridissima as previously defined consisted of two cryptic species , and the one present in florida was new to science

mitochondrial genome reconstruction . the structure of the honey bee mitochondrial genome and information of the homologous reconstructed parts of the e . dilemma mitochondrial genome . nonreconstructed parts of incompletely reconstructed genes are hatched .

this bee was spotted in north naples fl june 4 , 2016 . it has an bright fluorescent green color . but what really caught our eye was the way it hovers and dart around our basil plant . i think it was eating the basil leaves ? i found this description online : green bee ? - euglossa dilemma - female north lauderdale , broward county , florida , usa euglossa viridissima . neotropical orchid bees ( hymenoptera : apidae : euglossini ) have been reported only twice from the united states of america ; once near brownsville , texas and more recently near silverbell , arizona .

villanueva - gutierrez r , quezada - euan j , eltz t . pollen diets of two sibling orchid bee species , euglossa , in yucatán , southern mexico . apidologie . 2013 ; 44 : 440–6 .

all bees play an important role in the pollination of plants . in the case of green orchid bees , this role is not entirely known in its naturalized range in florida . pemberton and wheeler ( 2006 ) provide a comprehensive list of important plants known to be visited by euglossa dilemma in florida . though most of these plants are beneficial , there is evidence that the green orchid bee outperforms native bees in the pollination of certain invasive weeds .

to analyze genome structure , we compared the genome - wide gene synteny of e . dilemma and the honey bee . we used the genomic locations of homologous genes ( as determined above ) of the honey bee and e . dilemma scaffolds of at least 100 kb length to build haplotype blocks with a minimum length of 1 kb . haplotype blocks included the entire gene span as well as intergenic regions whenever two or more adjacent genes were homologous in both species . we discarded gene annotations from downstream analysis that were recovered as homologous to multiple genomic locations in either species . furthermore , we excluded e . dilemma genes that were recovered as homologous to honey bee scaffolds belonging to unknown linkage groups .

schorkopf dlp , mitko l , eltz t . enantioselective preference and high antennal sensitivity for ( − ) - ipsdienol in scent - collecting male orchid bees , euglossa cyanura . j chem ecol . 2011 ; 37 : 953–60 .

zimmermann y , roubik dw , quezada - euan jjg , paxton rj , eltz t ( 2009b ) single mating in orchid bees ( euglossa , apinae ) : implications for mate choice and social evolution . insectes sociaux 56 : 241–249

in rare cases , high similarity between sequences detected in the euglossa transcriptomes and the reference sequences allowed for subsequent manual identifications of homologs of the other species only assembled by one assembler . the resulting chemosensory gene family sets constituted the basis of all subsequent analyses .

aquino - vázquez a , cuadriello - aguilar ji . 1990 . un nido de euglossa viridissima friese 1899 ( hymenoptera : apidae : euglossini ) , pp . 117 - 118b in xxv congreso nacional de entomologíá . programa y resumenes . oaxaca , oaxaca , mexico .

hinojosa - díaz ia , feria - arroyo tp , engel ms . 2009 . potential distribution of orchid bees outside their native range : the cases of eulaema polychroma ( mocsáry ) and euglossa viridissima friese in the usa ( hymenoptera : apidae ) . diversity and distributions 15 : 421 - 428 .

distribution of non - synonymous amino acid substitutions across odorant receptor ( or ) domains . a the white bars represent the sum of all non - synonymous substitutions detected in the respective domain over all ors . or12 , or41 and or45 are highlighted because they showed the most non - synonymous substitutions between e . dilemma and e . viridissima . in : intracellular n - terminus , tm : transmembrane domain , el : external loop , il : internal loop , ec : extracellular c - terminus . b predicted membrane topology for or41 . fixed non - synonymous substitutions between e . dilemma and e . viridissima are highlighted in black

pokorny t , hannibal m , quezada - euan jjg , hedenström e , sjöberg n , bång j , et al . acquisition of species - specific perfume blends : influence of habitat - dependent compound availability on odour choices of male orchid bees ( euglossa spp . ) . oecologia . 2013 ; 172 : 417–25 .

eltz t , fritzsch f , pech jr , zimmermann y , ramírez s , quezada - euan jjg , et al . characterization of the orchid bee euglossa viridissima ( apidae : euglossini ) and a novel cryptic sibling species , by morphological , chemical , and genetic characters . zool j linn soc . 2011 ; 163 : 1064–76 .

eltz t , fritzsch f , petch jr , zimmermann y , ramirez sr , quezada - euan jg , bembe b . 2011 . characterization of the orchid bee euglossa viridissima ( apidae : euglossini ) and a novel cryptic sibling species by morphological , chemical , and genetic characters . zoological journal of the linnean society 163 : 1064 - 1076 .

we identified 3185 orthologous genes including 94 chemosensory loci from five different gene families ( odorant receptors , ionotropic receptors , gustatory receptors , odorant binding proteins , and chemosensory proteins ) . our results revealed that orthologs with signatures of divergent selection between e . dilemma and e . viridissima were significantly enriched for chemosensory genes . notably , elevated signals of divergent selection were almost exclusively observed among chemosensory receptors ( i . e . odorant receptors ) .

eltz , thomas ; fritzsch , falko ; zimmermann , yvonne ; pech , jorge ramirez ; ramirez , santiago r . ; quezada - euan , j . javier g . ; bembe , benjamin ( 2011 ) . " characterization of the orchid bee euglossa viridissima ( apidae : euglossini ) and a novel cryptic sibling species , by morphological , chemical , and genetic characters " . zoological journal of the linnean society 2011 ( 163 ) : 1064–1076 . doi : 10 . 1111 / j . 1096 - 3642 . 2011 . 00740 . x .

the e . dilemma genome assembly edil _ v1 . 0 , the annotation , and the original gene set edil _ ogs _ v1 . 0 are available for download via ncbi ( bioproject : prjna388474 ) , beebase ( elsik et al . 2016 ) , the i5k nal workspace ( urltoken ) ( i5k consortium 2013 ) , and the ramirez lab website . the raw reads are available via ncbi ( bioproject : prjna388474 ) . the published raw transcriptome sequence reads are available at the ncbi sequence read archive ( sra : srx765918 ) ( brand et al . 2015 ) .

the high success in mitochondrial gene reconstruction is likely due to the nature of the analyzed transcriptome data . short intergenic regions as well as polycistronic mitochondrial mrna likely lead to the assembly of multiple genes into single scaffolds . the a - t rich region is completely missing as well as the nd2 and 12s rrna genes flanking the region in insect mitogenomes . this unrecovered region also contains a high number of trnas in the honey bee , which could explain the low number of recovered trnas in e . dilemma . while the partial mitochondrial genome assembly is only 75 % complete , it represents the first mitogenome for the group of orchid bees and will thus be a valuable resource for future phylogenetic analyses within the lineage and between more distantly related bee taxa .

the cegma and busco analysis and the gene annotation results suggest that the gene - coding fraction of the e . dilemma genome was properly assembled , despite the large estimated genome size and comparatively low per - base sequencing coverage . however , genetic material obtained from natural populations as in our study can lead to the fragmentation of assemblies due to high nucleotide diversity ( kajitani et al . 2014 ) . in addition , high genetic diversity in the underlying genetic material can lead to a high number of false duplicates due to multiple incorporation of divergent genomic regions in genome assemblies ( kelley and salzberg 2010 ) . our busco analysis suggests that the assembly did not produce an unusually high fraction of duplicated benchmark single - copy orthologs , indicating a relatively low abundance of false duplicates . the observed fragmentation in our assembly is thus likely to be primarily the result of repetitive genomic elements , and less likely the result of low coverage or high nucleotide diversity in the genetic material used for sequencing .

total - rna was extracted using the trizol extraction method ( invitrogen ) following the manufacturers tissue preparation protocol , except for an extended incubation time of 15 min in the phase separation step to maximize rna yield . extracted rna was resuspended in 30 μl of rnase free water . all optional steps were skipped . rna pools were treated with dnasei to purge potential dna contamination and subsequently quantified on the experion automated electrophoresis system ( bio - rad ) with the experion stdsens analysis kit ( bio - rad ) according to the standard protocol . afterwards , 4 μg and 2 μg of total - rna of the e . dilemma and e . viridissima pool , respectively were sent to gatc - biotech ( constance , germany ) for barcoded cdna library preparation using the truseq mrna kit ( illumina ) and subsequent 100 - bp single - end sequencing on an illumina hiseq 2000 lane ( raw sequence reads are available at the ncbi sequence read archive [ sra : srx765918 , sra : srx765888 ] ) .

analysis of divergent selection between e . dilemma and e . viridissima . a boxplot comparing d n and d s values obtained for chemosensory and non - chemosensory ( nc ) genes ( d n and / or d s ≠ 0 ) . d n was significantly higher for chemosensory than for nc loci while d s had similar values for both sets resulting in elevated mean d n / d s for the chemosensory loci ( see text for statistics ) . * : p < 0 . 001 . b d n / d s plot for 3185 genes reconstructed from the antennal transcriptome analysis . those genes exhibiting d n / d s > 1 have higher non - synonymous to synonymous substitution rates , in agreement with the hypothesis of divergent selection ( lower right ) ; those genes with d n / d s < 1 exhibit lower non - synonymous to synonymous substitution rates , being consistent with the hypothesis of purifying selection ( upper left ) . genes with zero d n and d s are not shown and genes with either d n or d s = 0 are indicated by small points . the set of genes with d n / d s > 1 was enriched for chemosensory receptor genes . ors : odorant receptors , irs : ionotropic receptors , obps : odorant - binding proteins

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brilliant metallic green with " inflated " hind legs , used to store floral oils .

if you see their tongue , it ' s is nearly as long as its body .

recorded on cheilocostus and datura . the hosts section on its discover life species page lists known associations based on specimen records and images .

the bees in your backyard : a guide to north america ' s bees . joseph s . wilson & olivia j . messinger carril . 2015 . princeton university press .

contributed by martin hauser on 11 may , 2006 - 12 : 18pm additional contributions by beatriz moisset , john s . ascher , h . go , marci hess last updated 6 may , 2017 - 2 : 19pm

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since this arrival , the green orchid bee has become well established in south florida . current reports of this species are mostly from broward , palm beach and dade counties . however its future distribution has been predicted to include almost half of peninsular florida . following a line that runs from tampa to west palm beach and south , the potential range extends tothe entire southern tip of the florida peninsula .

green orchid bees are a quite conspicuous and charismatic species . this is mostly due to their large size and bright metallic - green coloration ( fig . 1 ) . they are roughly the same size to slightly smaller than a honey bee , usually about 1 . 3 cm in length . the wing membranes are darkened , but transparent . green orchid bees are very fast and agile flyers , and can be seen quickly darting from flower to flower separated by long periods of hovering . as with most bees in florida , females possess a stinger and males do not . although females can sting , they are quite timid in doing so . the sting itself is less painful than that of a honey bee , though unlike honey bees they can sting repeatedly .

green orchid bees are most likely to be confused with metallic members of the bee family halictidae ( sweat bees ) . however , orchid bees can easily be identified by their long tongues , which are roughly two thirds as long as their bodies . in contrast , sweat bees have quite short tongues in comparison to their bodies . female orchid bees have corbiculae ( pollen baskets ) on their hind legs , in which they store collected pollen in order to provision their young ( figs . 2 , 3bc ) . though males lack corbiculae , they have characteristic enlarged hind tibiae ( fig . 3a ) . these unusual structures have a hole on the outer side , which provides access to the spongy compartment within . these unusual structures play an important role in the storage of fragrant , aromatic compounds which male orchid bees collect from their environment .

figure 3 . hind legs of male ( a ) and female ( b , c ) green orchid bees . male bees have an enlarged hind tibia with a hole providing access to the spongy compartment which acts as storage for fragrant compounds collected from its environment . females have corbiculae ( pollen baskets ) for collecting pollen and propolis ( plant resins ) . photographs by aaron mullins , university of florida , ft . lauderdale research and education center .

though closely related to highly social bees in the same family , orchid bees are primarily solitary , showing only primitively social characteristics such as occasionally sharing communal nesting locations . females construct nest cells out of propolis ( resins collected from plant sources ) ( fig . 4b ) . nests are located in any sort of enclosed cavity ; entrances are often sealed off with resin and plant debris ( fig . 4a , c ) . mature nests can contain up to 20 cells . the young are provisioned with nectar and pollen provided by the mother as they develop .

figure 4 . a young orchid bee nest constructed inside an empty nucleus colony box ( a beekeeping hive box half as wide as a typical hive box used for housing small honey bee colonies ) ( a ) . the top has been removed revealing three cells under construction by a female green orchid bee ( b ) . the entrance has been sealed off with propolis ( plant resins ) except for a small hole allowing entry for the female bee ( c ) . photographs by aaron mullins , university of florida , ft . lauderdale research and education center .

male orchid bees exhibit a peculiar behavior of collecting fragrant volatile compounds from their environment . these compounds are meticulously collected , stored , and ( presumably ) presented to females by fanning their wings and “spray ventilating” their bouquet for the inspection of prospective mates . fragrant compounds are collected by males with mop - like protrusions on their front tarsi ( fig . 3a , video 1 ) . they are then transferred into the enlarged hind tibiae through the hole . collecting a complex bouquet of fragrances and storing them within the hind tibia represents a considerable investment on the part of male orchid bees . fighting and robbing fragrance stores from competing males has been observed in nature . different species of orchid bee tend to be quite particular in the fragrances sought .

this behavior is presumably what has led to the complex interaction with species - specific orchids in their native ranges . a particular orchid will provide fragrant compounds attractive to a specific species of orchid bee . in turn , the bees provide pollination of the orchid species . the arrival and success of the green orchid bee into florida without its natural mutualistic orchid has provided evidence that the mutualism is perhaps obligatory on the part of the orchid , but merely facultative for the bees . in florida , male green orchid bees are attracted to chemicals produced by certain wood - rot fungi ( video 1 ) , decomposing vegetation , perfume flowers , and certain essential oils such as clove and cinnamon oil . male green orchid bees can be quickly and easily attracted and observed by soaking a small piece of paper with clove oil and placing it outside .

bembé b . 2004 . functional morphology in male euglossine bees and their ability to spray fragrances ( hymenoptera , apidae , euglossini ) . apidologie 35 : 283 - 291 .

carvalho filho fs . 2010 . scent - robbing and fighting among male orchid bees , eulalema ( apeulalema ) nigrata lepeletier , 1841 ( hymenoptera : apidae : euglossini ) . biota neotropica 10 : 405 - 408 .

dressler rl . 1967 . pollination by euglossine bees . evolution 22 : 202 - 210 .

liu h , pemberton rw . 2009 . solitary invasive orchid bee outperforms co - occurring native bees to promote fruit set of an invasive solanum . oecologia 159 : 515 - 525 .

pemberton rw , wheeler gs . 2006 . orchid bees don’t need orchids : evidence from the naturalization of an orchid bee in florida . ecology 87 : 1995 - 2001 .

, senior biological scientist , university of florida , ft . lauderdale research and education center

photographs : aaron mullins and thomas chauvenc , university of florida , ft . lauderdale research and education center

is a species of green orchid bee from central america in which the males have two teeth on their mandibles .

the very similar bee that was first observed in florida in 2003 was found to have three such teeth . sequencing data from a

varied between the two groups . males of these bees store aromatic compounds extracted from various environmental sources in pouches on their hind legs . certain characteristic compounds present as main ingredients in these perfumes in

of hndb ( 2 - hydroxy - 6 - nona - 1 , 3 - dienyl - benzaldehyde ) . it was therefore concluded that

green orchid bees are varying shades of glossy metallic green and can grow to a length of about 1 . 3 cm ( 0 . 5 in ) . the membranous wings are dark - coloured and translucent and the female has

on her hind legs . the male has an enlarged joint on his hind leg in which there is a pit for storing substances he gathers from plants . the female but not the male possesses a sting which can be used on more than one occasion but which is not as painful to humans as a honeybee ' s sting . this bee is very agile in the air , hovering for lengthy periods and darting between flowers . it might be confused with sweat bees in the

and is expected to extend its range to most of the southern half of florida .

in its native mexico it is found in hot dry habitats including degraded forests , pastures , parks and gardens . it is less dependent on primary forests than most euglossine bees .

male orchid bees are specialised to visit particular species of neotropical orchid . this is a

arrangement in which the male bee benefits from gathering the fragrance ingredients supplied by the flower which he stores in his hollow hind legs , and the orchid benefits by being pollinated .

is associated in its central american home range is unknown , but in its new florida habitat , it breeds successfully without the presence of any orchid , the male visiting other species of plants to gather the ingredients for his perfume . one of these plants is basil (

there may be unexpected consequences of the naturalization of these bees in the united states . for example , in a similar situation in florida , two fig species

have been introduced but did not spread because there was no suitable pollinator . with the arrival of the non - native wasps (

the male bee attracts a female by releasing his fragrance and fanning his wings to disperse it . the female builds a solitary nest out of

, an exudate from plants . the nest may contain up to twenty cells , in each of which she lays an egg . the female brings pollen and nectar to the nest to feed the developing larvae . several bees may build their nests side by side but do not share the task of feeding the young .

pemberton , robert w . ; wheeler , gregory s . ( 2006 ) . " orchid bees don ' t need orchids : evidence from the naturalization of an orchid bee in florida " . ecology 87 : 1995–2001 . doi : 10 . 1890 / 0012 - 9658 ( 2006 ) 87 [ 1995 : obdnoe ] 2 . 0 . co ; 2 .

interesting information & pictures from uf / ifas on the green orchid bee , . . .

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i just saw one of these bees in my yard in tarpon springs , fl ( gulf coast ) . it hovered about 12 inches in front of my face for about 30 seconds , and it seemed to be staring at me . it went away , then came back again and did the same thing . it was very beautiful .

i have had two of them in my house in the last two days . i live in a suburb of cleveland ohio . i would post a picture , however , i don ' t see an option to do that . it is the bee pictured in this site though . . .

i have many beautiful butterflies in my yard along with several types of bees but sitting on my front porch and watching this bee was a real treat . i live on the western edge of wellington , fl in palm beach county .

just found one of these beauties in our garden . took a couple of pictures . very beautoful bee ! never seen one before .

i caught this exact bee on my porch in vero beach , fl yesterday and have a photo - a little blury but you can get the just of it . put some flowers in the jar with it and the long tongue immediately found its way into the flower - looked similar to a butterfly ' s tongue .

i just got stung by one this morning & caught it in a bottle , so i could look it up . fascinating !

i saw one at cibolo creek nature center in boerne texas on saturday june 14th . first time i have ever seen one . did not get a chance to photo it .

i noted one on some pumpkin plants a couple of months ago . i do not know exactly the species , but it certainly looked like this . i thought maybe i ' d see more , but no luck so far . . .

we ' ve had these glorious green bees for at least 10 years in volusia county . i ' ve had boxes up and active for at least that long . when my lotus and angel trumpets are in bloom there are always at least 5 at a time working each flower . looking forward to their return in a few weeks .

we saw one today just after a light rain , in the last few blooms on our bolted basil . we ' ve also had tiny black bees in large quantities pollinating the basil , but this is the first time for the green bee .

ok i ' m just posting as a warning . they at a pretty insect with a powerful sting . guys , guys , guys . . . . i found one . ouch !

i found one of these awsome little bees on my back porch in upper sandusky ohio ! but i only see people commenting in other states like florida , texas , mexico and new york . just thought id let you all know they are in ohio too ! but please feel free to e - mail me at jaybird462011 @ urltoken if they are not supost to be here : )

saw in garden . thought it was a fly at first but then it was going into the tomato flowers and got a closer look and was acting just like bee and looks like a bee so i looked up online and found this . interesting . can ' t say i ' ve ever seen one before but it ' s welcome to stay as long as it wants .

i ' ve never seen this bee before ! thought it was a fly until i put my glasses on . beautiful color and rather small . seen in palmdale , ca , north of los angeles .

i live in oakland park / ft lauderdale area and was just trimming my basil plant and got startled by two of these hovering around the plant and landing several times . i stood still watching them for a good 5 mins . so beautiful and didn ' t even know these existed !

was just out front , there was one in the sunflowers . there was also a black & greyish white . not sure if that would be relevant .

couldn ' t say it didn ' t stick out like a sore thumb . . . was going to keep it , but it got away . my brother took a picture .

i saw one today gathering pollen from a wandering jew . his pollen sacks were full and yellow . he was small but caught my attention with his bright coloring . march 29 , 2013 . bradenton , florida .

went back out and saw 2 of em ! took a great inflight pic . wish i could post it !

my fiance and i just arrived in sarasota and saw one of these in my grandnmothers flower bed . got a real good look too . wish i gad my camera on me . was cool looking . almost glows . bright shiny greenish blue . interesting creatures .

wow . it ' s beautiful . just found one on my front yard wildflower display . colored as if a green fly . . . . but with a honeybee ' s flight patterns . gorgeous green mood ring colors . . . flashing to and fro with the sun ' s light . . . . . emerald green helmet . amazing . i had to pause and study for a few seconds just to confirm what exactly it was . i ' m glad i did , because at first thought . . . i really thought it was some sort of fly . very fast , darting style of flight . . . . with the normal bee - like graceful hover we are accustomed to when alight on a pollen frond . wild . " its a double rainbow " kind of day . thanks google for directing me here during my query .

me and my boyfriend found a dead green bee on the ground in arcata , california . i think it ' s a male , and the stinger is still in it . we ' ve got it in a little box , show it to people . i had never seen one before . it ' s quite fascinating .

just an fyi : male bees don ' t have a stinger . the stinger in bees are a modified ovipositor ( an organ used to lay eggs ) which males don ' t possess . just thought you ' d like to know to help you in your identification of bees . if it stung you it ' s a female . incidentally the same goes for ants , wasps and mosquitoes .

i saw one of these sunday in my flower garden . i was startled at first then hypnotized by the beauty and strangeness . i live in lake city , florida . it is in north central florida where i - 10 and i - 75 intersect . glad he didn ' t sting me . i followed him for a while , of course my camera and phone were on the back porch !

we live about 5 miles from butterfly world and my daughter was just stung by one of these . she kept insisting that it was green and then i saw him lying on the ground . we trapped and bagged him . he is very pretty but his sting sure hurts .

spotted 3 or 4 green bees in bradenton , fl ( south of tampa bay ) . at first , i thought they were mutant horseflies . they are much faster than the common honeybee , so i couldn ' t snap a photo . we ' ve recently had a few cool nights here due to a late spring snow fall up north which could be driving them further south . the pretty visitors are welcome to our garden anytime .

i just saw a beautiful specimen of this in englewood , florida in my dad ' s front yard on jan . 6 , 2012 . it was a perfect replica of a honey bee albeit slightly smaller . the black stripes were quite prominent as on a honey bee but the base color was an amazing neon green ! it also had the accumulation of pollen on its legs as did the other honey bees it was flying around with . i would say that it flew faster and collected the pollen a little faster than the other bees but i am not exactly sure of that .

i just found a green bee on my flowers in the back patio . i live in north texas

i just found one in my apartment - in new york . hes sitting on the wall . he let me snap several pictures of him before smacking into me ( and scaring me ) while flying away to another part of the wall . we have had an annoying sound coming from the bookshelf or wall over the past few days - a slight knocking sound , but repetitive like a woodpecker . i was wondering if it could of been him ? i certainly hope its not another bug . its getting to be fall - i feel kind bad that he ' s gonna have such a sad life away from his tribe , cold .

i found one in our apartment in stuart florida . my kids and i let it go .

i was stung by a green bee while i was dressing for work , it seems like he was in the shirt sleeve and stung me on my upper arm . it ' s two days later and it still stings , i just put some meat tenderizer on it and that stopped the stinging . i have never seen a green bee before .

thanks so much ! i ' m glad i found this site ! i posted the pic to be identified before i looked around and i found the bee on here ! seems to be a green orchid bee .

thanks . . i also like post . so this is my favorite to see same post . new construction homes parkland florida florida new home construction rebate . get 66 % of my commission back at closing .

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we wish to thank rosamond coates and the staff of the los tuxtlas biological station for their hospitality and support during field sampling . ricardo ayala kindly provided a collecting permit for euglossine bees in southern mexico , klaus lunau and the sensory ecology lab at the university of düsseldorf hosted part of the molecular analyses , and martin beye and martin hasselmann provided expertise and technical advice . supported by the german science foundation ( el 249 / 3 ) , sep - conacyt 103341 , and a mutual - foncicyt grant .

ackerman jd ( 1981 ) phenological relationships of male euglossine bees ( hymenoptera : apidae ) and their orchid fragrance hosts . florida state university . florida state university , tallahassee

ackerman jd ( 1983 ) diversity and seasonality of male euglossine bees ( hymenoptera : apidae ) in central panama . ecology 64 : 274–283

ackerman jd ( 1989 ) geographic and seasonal variation in fragrance choice and preferences of male euglossine bees . biotropica 21 : 340–347

ackerman jd , montalvo am ( 1985 ) longevity of euglossine bees . biotropica 17 : 79–81

armbruster ws ( 1993 ) within - habitat heterogeneity in baiting samples of male euglossine bees : possible causes and implications . biotropica 25 : 122–128

balloux f , lugon - moulin n ( 2002 ) the estimation of population differentiation with microsatellite markers . mol ecol 11 : 155–165

barton nh , hewitt gm ( 1985 ) analysis of hybrid zones . annu rev ecol syst 16 : 113–148

becker p , moure js , peralta fja ( 1991 ) more about euglossine bees in amazonian forest fragments . biotropica 23 : 586–591

bohonak aj ( 2002 ) ibd ( isolation by distance ) : a program for analyses of isolation by distance . j hered 93 : 153–154

brosi bj ( 2009 ) the effects of forest fragmentation on euglossine bee communities ( hymenoptera : apidae : euglossini ) . biol conserv 142 : 414–423

cairns ma , haggerty pk , alvarez r , de jong bhj , olmsted i ( 2000 ) tropical mexico’s recent land - use change : a region’s contribution to the global carbon cycle . ecol appl 10 : 1426–1441

cane jh ( 2001 ) habitat fragmentation and native bees : a premature verdict ? conserv ecol 5 : art . no . 3

cook jm ( 1993 ) sex determination in the hymenoptera—a review of models and evidence . heredity 71 : 421–435

dick cw , roubik dw , gruber kf , bermingham e ( 2004 ) long - distance gene flow and cross - andean dispersal of lowland rainforest bees ( apidae : euglossini ) revealed by comparative mitochondrial dna phylogeography . mol ecol 13 : 3775–3785

dieringer d , schlotterer c ( 2003 ) microsatellite analyser ( msa ) : a platform independent analysis tool for large microsatellite data sets . mol ecol notes 3 : 167–169

dodson ch , dressler rl , hills hg , adams rm , williams nh ( 1969 ) biologically active compounds in orchid fragrances . science 164 : 1243–1249

dressler rl ( 1968a ) observations on orchids and euglossine bees in panama and costa rica . revista de biología tropical 15 : 143–183

dressler rl ( 1982 ) biology of the orchid bees ( euglossini ) . annu rev ecol syst 13 : 373–394

eltz t , roubik dw , lunau k ( 2005 ) experience - dependent choices ensure species - specific fragrance accumulation in male orchid bees . behav ecol sociobiol 59 : 149–156

eltz t , zimmermann y , haftmann j , twele r , francke w , quezada - euan jjg , lunau k ( 2007 ) enfleurage , lipid recycling and the origin of perfume collection in orchid bees . proc roy soc b biol sci 274 : 2843–2848

eltz t , zimmermann y , pfeiffer c , ramirez pech j , twele r , francke w , quezada - euan jjg , lunau k ( 2008 ) an olfactory shift is associated with male perfume differentiation and sibling species divergence in orchid bees . curr biol 18 : 1844–1848

( apidae : euglossini ) and a new cryptic sibling species , by morphological , chemical , and genetic characters . zool j linn soc ( in press )

fahrig l ( 2003 ) effects of habitat fragmentation on biodiversity . annu rev ecol evol syst 34 : 487–515

frankham r , ballou jd , briscoe da ( 2002 ) introduction to conservation genetics . cambridge university press , cambridge

hardy oj , vekemans x ( 1999 ) isolation by distance in a continuous population : reconciliation between spatial autocorrelation analysis and population genetics models . heredity 83 : 145–154

hartter j , lucas c , gaughan ae , aranda ll ( 2008 ) detecting tropical dry forest succession in a shifting cultivation mosaic of the yucatán peninsula , mexico . appl geogr 28 : 134–149

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janzen dh , devries pj , higgins ml , kimsey ls ( 1982 ) seasonal and site variation in costa rican euglossine bees at chemical baits in lowland deciduous and evergreen forest . ecology 63 : 66–74

keller lf , waller dm ( 2002 ) inbreeding effects in wild populations . trends ecol evol 17 : 230–241

kroodsma de ( 1975 ) flight distances of male euglossine bees in orchid pollination . biotropica 7 : 71–72

lopez - uribe mm , almanza mt , ordonez m ( 2007 ) diploid male frequencies in colombian populations of euglossine bees . biotropica 39 : 660–662

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pemberton rw , wheeler gs ( 2006 ) orchid bees don’t need orchids : evidence from the naturalization of an orchid bee in florida . ecology 87 : 1995–2001

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the sumba myzomela ( myzomela dammermani ) is a species of bird in the family meliphagidae .

it is endemic to sumba in the western lesser sunda islands of indonesia , where it is found in forest with a significant component of deciduous trees .

sumba myzomela

sumba myzomela <EOT> select an image : 1 . sumba myzomela > > female 2 . sumba myzomela > > male 3 . sumba myzomela > > male 4 . sumba myzomela > > male 5 . sumba myzomela > > male 6 . sumba myzomela > > male 7 . sumba myzomela > > male 8 . sumba myzomela > > male

sumba myzomela ( myzomela dammermani ) is a species of bird in the meliphagidae family .

the rote myzomela has ( 31 december 2017 ) been described as a new species : " myzomela irianawidodoae " , rote myzomela .

the rote myzomela has now ( 31 december 2017 ) been described as a new species : " myzomela irianawidodoae " , rote myzomela .

the rote myzomela has now ( 31 december 2017 ) been described as a new species : " myzomela irianawidodoae " , the rote myzomela .

not globally threatened . restricted - range species : present in sumba eba . total population on sumba estimated at 129 , 600 individuals , based on density of 120 birds / km² in . . .

higgins , p . , christidis , l . & ford , h . ( 2018 ) . sumba myzomela ( myzomela dammermani ) . in : del hoyo , j . , elliott , a . , sargatal , j . , christie , d . a . & de juana , e . ( eds . ) . handbook of the birds of the world alive . lynx edicions , barcelona . ( retrieved from urltoken on 9 july 2018 ) .

sometimes treated as conspecific with m . kuehni and m . erythrocephala . population on roti ( off sw timor ) commonly treated within present species , but almost certainly an undescribed taxon ; perhaps a separate species , with vocalizations very distinct from those of sumba birds # r . monotypic .

recommended citation birdlife international ( 2018 ) species factsheet : myzomela dammermani . downloaded from urltoken on 09 / 07 / 2018 . recommended citation for factsheets for more than one species : birdlife international ( 2018 ) iucn red list for birds . downloaded from urltoken on 09 / 07 / 2018 .

11 cm . male is distinctive , with dark red head and neck forming hood , sharply demarcated from blackish mantle , back and scapulars , and with narrow clear - cut black loral . . .

mainly primary forest , especially deciduous forest , and often seen at forest edge ; recorded also in . . .

no details of diet . seen mainly in middle storey to canopy levels of forest ; of 84 observations , 77·4 % in canopy ( more than 15 m . . .

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internal sequence based mainly on findings of recent phylogenetic studies # r # r , with a few modifications # r # r .

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this species has a very large range , and hence does not approach the thresholds for vulnerable under the range size criterion ( extent of occurrence < 20 , 000 km2 combined with a declining or fluctuating range size , habitat extent / quality , or population size and a small number of locations or severe fragmentation ) . the population trend is not known , but the population is not believed to be decreasing sufficiently rapidly to approach the thresholds under the population trend criterion ( > 30 % decline over ten years or three generations ) . the population size has not been quantified , but it is not believed to approach the thresholds for vulnerable under the population size criterion ( < 10 , 000 mature individuals with a continuing decline estimated to be > 10 % in ten years or three generations , or with a specified population structure ) . for these reasons the species is evaluated as least concern .

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