bathyprion danae , the fangtooth smooth-head , is a species of slickhead found in deep waters of the atlantic and pacific oceans .

it is in the monotypic genus bathyprion .

bathyprion danae

bathyprion danae <EOT> you can download standardized annotation of the bathyprion danae mitogenomic sequence via the links below .

kari pihlaviita added the finnish common name " haukisilokuore " to " bathyprion danae marshall , 1966 " .

scientific synonyms and common names bathyprion danae marshall , 1966 synonyms : bathyprion danae marshall , 1966c , dana rep . , ( 68 ) : 4 - 9 , fig . 1 - 3 ( 33°26 ' s . , 157°02 ' e . ) . holotype : zmuc no . p . 1785 . bathyprion danae : markle , 1976 : 133 - 134 , fig . 39b . common names : fangtooth smooth - head [ en ]

fangtooth slickhead , bathyprion danae - mcz 57613 . source : museum of comparative zoology , harvard university . license : cc by attribution - noncommercial - sharealike

marshall , n . b . 1966 . bathyprion danae a new genus and species of alepocephaliform fishes . dana reports ( 68 ) : 1 - 10 .

* fangtooth smooth - head , bathyprion danae marshall , 1966 . * genus bathytroctes * bathytroctes breviceps sazonov , 1999 . * bathytroctes elegans sazonov & ivanov , 1979 . more

marshall , n . b . 1966c . bathyprion danae . a new genus and species of alepocephaliform fishes . dana rep . , ( 68 ) : 1 - 10 , fig . 1 - 3 .

citation : " fangtooth slickheads , bathyprion danae ~ marinebio . org . " marinebio conservation society . web . accessed monday , july 9 , 2018 . < urltoken > . last update : 1 / 14 / 2013 2 : 22 : 00 pm ~ contributor ( s ) : marinebio

bailly , n . ( 2014 ) . bathyprion danae . in : froese , r . and d . pauly . editors . ( 2014 ) fishbase . in : costello , m . j . ; bouchet , p . ; boxshall , g . ; arvantidis , c . ; appeltans , w . ( 2014 ) european register of marine species , accessed through pesi at

markle , d . f . 1976 . preliminary studies on the systematics of deep - sea alepocephaloidea ( pisces : salmoniformes ) . a dissertation presented to the faculty of the school of marine science . the college of william and mary in virginia . 225 pp . , 41 fig . ( not published ) .

greek , bathys = deep + greek , prion , - onos = saw ( ref . 45335 )

marine ; bathypelagic ; depth range 100 - 3200 m ( ref . 4460 ) . deep - water ; 56°n - 28°s

eastern atlantic : namibia ( 21°43 ' s to 27°14 ' s ) . elsewhere , north atlantic ( 55°43 ' n to 42°56 ' n ) and western pacific .

maturity : l m ? range ? - ? cm max length : 38 . 0 cm sl male / unsexed ; ( ref . 4460 )

dorsal spines ( total ) : 0 ; dorsal soft rays ( total ) : 24 - 27 ; anal spines : 0 ; anal soft rays : 24 - 27 . pelvic fins with a splint bone .

markle , d . f . and j . - c . quéro , 1984 . alepocephalidae ( including bathylaconidae , bathyprionidae ) . p . 228 - 253 . in p . j . p . whitehead , m . - l . bauchot , j . - c . hureau , j . nielsen and e . tortonese ( eds . ) fishes of the north - eastern atlantic and the mediterranean . unesco , paris . vol . 1 . ( ref . 4736 )

phylogenetic diversity index ( ref . 82805 ) : pd 50 = 1 . 0000 [ uniqueness , from 0 . 5 = low to 2 . 0 = high ] .

bayesian length - weight : a = 0 . 00339 ( 0 . 00151 - 0 . 00760 ) , b = 3 . 19 ( 2 . 99 - 3 . 39 ) , in cm total length , based on lwr estimates for this ( sub ) family - body shape ( ref . 93245 ) .

trophic level ( ref . 69278 ) : 3 . 5 ±0 . 5 se ; based on size and trophs of closest relatives

resilience ( ref . 69278 ) : medium , minimum population doubling time 1 . 4 - 4 . 4 years ( preliminary k or fecundity . ) .

vulnerability ( ref . 59153 ) : moderate to high vulnerability ( 51 of 100 ) .

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is widely distributed in the atlantic , western pacific , caribbean and off the east coast of the united states . in the eastern central atlantic this species has been found in madeira and off of namibia . this is a rare species with only a handful of museum collections and there are no records of this species in its range . this species inhabits depths from 600 m to 5 , 000 m and may be found in depths greater than 8 , 000 m . there are no major threats known and this species is not utilized at the present time . it is listed as least concern .

2003 ) . in the eastern central atlantic , this species is known from madeira and the canaries to off western ireland , as well as off of namibia . this species was caught in a bottom trawl haul from the depth of 8 , 800 m in japan ( parin and shcherbachev 1973 ) .

anguilla ; antigua and barbuda ; australia ; bahamas ; barbados ; bonaire , sint eustatius and saba ; china ; curaçao ; dominica ; dominican republic ; france ( france ( mainland ) ) ; grenada ; guadeloupe ; haiti ; ireland ; japan ; martinique ; montserrat ; morocco ; namibia ; new caledonia ; new zealand ; norfolk island ; papua new guinea ; portugal ( azores , madeira , portugal ( mainland ) ) ; puerto rico ; saint barthélemy ; saint kitts and nevis ; saint lucia ; saint martin ( french part ) ; saint vincent and the grenadines ; sint maarten ( dutch part ) ; spain ( canary is . , spain ( mainland ) ) ; taiwan , province of china ( taiwan , province of china ( main island ) ) ; trinidad and tobago ; turks and caicos islands ; united kingdom ; united states ; venezuela , bolivarian republic of ; virgin islands , british ; virgin islands , u . s . ; western sahara

is a rare species with only a handful of specimens present in museum collections .

alepocephalidae are characterized by species that inhabit depths of about 600 m to 5 , 000 m with most species occurring below 1 , 000 m ( hartel in press ) . however ,

was recorded from 8 , 800 m ( parin and shcherbachev 1973 ) . these species feed on a variety of food items including ctenophores , crustaceans , echinoderms , polychaetes , decapods , tunicates and fishes ( hartel in press ) . it attains a maximum size of up to 39cm ( standard length ) .

there are no major threats known for this species . in the eastern central atlantic region trawl fisheries do not trawl deeper than 200 m ( koranteng 2001 , nunoo pers . comm . 2012 ) .

there are no species - specific conservation measures in place for this species . its distribution may overlap with marine reserves in parts of its range ( world database on protected areas 2010 ) , however , it is not known if protection encompasses the depth range of the species .

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is widely distributed in the atlantic and western and eastern pacific oceans . in the northeastern atlantic ,

is known only from the azores and madeira . this is a rare species and little information is available about its population status , habitats or ecology . there are no major threats known and this species is not utilized at the present time . however , given that records from the assessment region are isolated and scattered ,

. 2014 ) and there are isolated records at about 55° n ( markle and quero 1986 ) . it is known from about 1 , 100 to 3 , 100 m ( markle and quero 1984 ) .

france ( france ( mainland ) ) ; ireland ; portugal ( azores , madeira , portugal ( mainland ) , selvagens ) ; spain ( canary is . , spain ( mainland ) )

there are no species - specific conservation measures in place for this species . its distribution may overlap with marine reserves in parts of its range , however , it is not known if protection encompasses the depth range of the species .

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urn : lsid : biodiversity . org . au : afd . taxon : c809289f - 0017 - 4d82 - ad7e - 05d2e3e524bb

urn : lsid : biodiversity . org . au : afd . taxon : cceb9f3f - 5d75 - 4154 - ac61 - 5b89a1397a85

urn : lsid : biodiversity . org . au : afd . taxon : cdb2a5a0 - 2e38 - 495b - 9712 - e73acbef3fe1

urn : lsid : biodiversity . org . au : afd . taxon : fd9140c1 - 0da3 - 40cf - 86e6 - 724ce8570041

urn : lsid : biodiversity . org . au : afd . name : 548527

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special publication of the center for biodiversity research and information , no . 1 , vol 1 - 3

moore , jon a . , karsten e . hartel , james e . craddock , and john k . galbraith

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( for details about our automatic annotation engine , refer to mitoannotator ) . the image on the right side is a visual representation of the mitogenome created by circos . the innermost circle represents gc % per every 5bp of the mitogenome ; the darker lines are , the higher their gc % are .

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van der land , j . ; costello , m . j . ; zavodnik , d . ; santos , r . s . ; porteiro , f . m . ; bailly , n . ; eschmeyer , w . n . ; froese , r . ( 2001 ) . pisces , in : costello , m . j . et al . ( ed . ) ( 2001 ) . european register of marine species : a check - list of the marine species in europe and a bibliography of guides to their identification . collection patrimoines naturels , 50 : pp . 357 - 374 ( look up in imis ) [ details ]

moore , j . a . , m . vecchione , b . b . collette , and r . gibbons . ( 2002 ) the fauna of bear seamount ( new england seamount chain ) , and the presence of " natural invader " species . paper cm 2002 / m : 25 , ices annual science conference and ices centenary , 1 - 5 october 2002 , copenhagen [ details ]

integrated taxonomic information system ( itis ) . , available online at urltoken [ details ]

froese , r . & d . pauly ( editors ) . ( 2018 ) . fishbase . world wide web electronic publication . , available online at urltoken [ details ]

intergovernmental oceanographic commission ( ioc ) of unesco . the ocean biogeographic information system ( obis ) , available online at urltoken [ details ]

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) : 3 . 5 - 11 . 4 , mean 7 . 6 ( based on 173 cells ) . phylogenetic diversity index ( ref .

) : medium , minimum population doubling time 1 . 4 - 4 . 4 years ( preliminary k or fecundity . ) .

marine ; bathypelagic ; depth range 100 - 3200 m ( ref . 4460 ) . deep - water , preferred ? ; 56°n - 28°s

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chinese academy of fishery sciences ( 2003 ) chinese aquatic germplasm resources database . : urltoken

eschmeyer , william n . , ed . , 1998 : catalog of fishes . special publication of the center for biodiversity research and information , no . 1 , vol 1 - 3 . 2905 .

fao - fies ( 2017 ) aquatic sciences and fisheries information system ( asfis ) species list . : retrievef from urltoken ( accessed 08 / 06 / 2017 ) .

froese , r . & d . pauly ( editors ) . ( 2018 ) . fishbase . world wide web electronic publication .

markle , d . f . and j . - c . quéro ( 1984 ) alepocephalidae ( including bathylaconidae , bathyprionidae ) . : p . 228 - 253 . in p . j . p . whitehead , m . - l . bauchot , j . - c . hureau , j . nielsen and e . tortonese ( eds . ) fishes of the north - eastern atlantic and the mediterranean . unesco , paris . vol . 1 .

moore , jon a . , karsten e . hartel , james e . craddock , and john k . galbraith , 2003 : an annotated list of deepwater fishes from off the new england region , with new area records . northeastern naturalist , vol . 10 , no . 2 . 159 - 248 .

wu , h . l . , k . - t . shao and c . f . lai ( eds . ) ( 1999 ) latin - chinese dictionary of fishes names . : the sueichan press , taiwan . 1028 p .

van der land , j . ; costello , m . j . ; zavodnik , d . ; santos , r . s . ; porteiro , f . m . ; bailly , n . ; eschmeyer , w . n . ; froese , r . ( 2001 ) . pisces , < b > < i > in < / i > < / b > : costello , m . j . < i > et al . < / i > ( ed . ) ( 2001 ) . < i > european register of marine species : a check - list of the marine species in europe and a bibliography of guides to their identification . collection patrimoines naturels , < / i > 50 : pp . 357 - 374

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body slender and elongate , with a large head . eyes much smaller than snout . snout pointed . upper and lower jaws with fang - like teeth . rear margin of jaw extends well beyond posterior margin of orbit . dorsal fin directly over of anal fin . pectoral and pelvic fins small . scales tiny .

whitehead , p . j . p . , m . - l . bauchot , j . - c . hureau , j . g . nielsen and e . tortonese . 1986 . fishes of the north - eastern atlantic and the mediterranean . vol . i -

a uniformly blackish deepwater shark with a short , blunt snout , fleshy lips , large triangular serrated teeth in the lower jaw , and no fin spines . the black shark can carve out chunks flesh like the related cookiecutter sharks .

a bluish - black slickhead covered in many large , nodular photophores on the head and body , with a slightly paler head , a broadly rounded snout , a very large eye , and short jaws that do not extend beyond the middle of the eye .

a longnosed brownish - grey dogfish with a long - based first dorsal fin and no subcaudal keel .

a pale tan to pale bluish grey , or dark brown spiny eel with two or more complete rows of palatine and dentary teeth , and 9 - 12 unconnected short , sharp dorsal - fin spines .

fabulous footage of a species of melanocetus filmed in the monterey bay , california .

a primitive eel - like deepwater shark with a single low dorsal fin positioned far back on the body , six ' frilled ' gill slits , a large mouth with groups of small sharp inward pointing teeth and no lower lobe on the long caudal fin . frill sharks are dark brown to greyish in colour , often with a paler underside . video of a frill shark swimming video of a frill shark swimming just above the bottom in 950 metres off south carolina ( usa ) . video of a female frill shark caught off awashima port in shizuoka , southwest of tokyo . the shark was transferred to the awashima marine park , but only lived for a few hours .

, select family and click on ' identification by pictures ' to display all available pictures in fishbase for the family .

, select country and click on ' identification by pictures ' to display all available pictures in fishbase for the country .

, select ecosystem and click on ' identification by pictures ' to display all available pictures in fishbase for the ecosystem .

cfm script by eagbayani , 30 . 11 . 04 , , php script by cmilitante , 05 / 11 / 2010 , last modified by cmilitante , 14 / 03 / 2013


dangerous ( foaled 1830 ) was a british thoroughbred racehorse and sire .

in a career that lasted from june 1829 to july 1830 he ran six times and won three races , although two of his wins were walkovers .

by far his most important win came on his first appearance as a three-year-old when he won the derby as a 30/1 outsider .

dangerous was retired to stud at the end of his three-year-old season and was shortly afterwards exported to france .

dangerous ( horse )

dangerous ( horse ) <EOT> euthanasia of dangerous horse . . . . . insurance info needed ! ! !

“dealing with the dangerous horse / dangerous rider” denise e . farris , reprint courtesy of hoofprint magazine pp . 39 - 49 ( spring 2017 )

all the latest horse racing form , betting odds , news , breeding , jockey and trainer information for dangerous light . dangerous light is a mare born in 2010 september 26 by dangerous out of dance for us

re : euthanasia of dangerous horse . . . . . insurance info needed ! ! !

all the latest horse racing form , betting odds , news , breeding , jockey and trainer information for dangerous danica . dangerous danica is a mare born in 2011 august 31 by masked assassin out of bijou

crazy horse story 2 - horse runs off with little girl & mr . t follows

dangerous ( ch c 1830 ) , bred by isaac saddler , won the derby stakes .

often , it’s very obvious that the rider isn’t suitable for the horse . and very often , the situation is dangerous for the rider .

many people own horses that are dangerous and unsuitable for them . time and time again i’m asked how to overcome problems that people are having with their horse . often , it’s very obvious that the rider isn’t suitable for the horse . and very often , the situation is dangerous for the rider .

dna - based testing has proven its worth in detecting the presence of one of the most dangerous horse parasites and should now be considered a routine diagnostic method , according to scientists .

horseback riding is one of the world’s most dangerous sports , and mongolia might be one of the more dangerous places to do it . for those reasons alone , the mongol derby could be one of the craziest adventures voluntarily undertaken in the world .

the current race record for dangerous danica is 8 wins from 41 starts with prizemoney of $ 69 , 300 . 00 .

" [ it is ] more forgiving on horse ' s skeletal system , " said espn horse racing reporter jeannine edwards .

it gave me no pleasure to be right . i’m sure these people didn’t realise the risks involved and just how dangerous horses can be .

if a horse is truly dangerous , euthanasia s better than passing the problem to someone else . even if that someone else can deal with the issues , you would have no guarantee that the next person wouldn ' t pass the horse along to a dealer / killbuyer at some future point . there truly are some horses that are so mentally nqr that they are dangerous . human safety takes precedence , or should .

just as often nowadays , beginners will think a competitive forward horse is a problem horse , and turn it into one by bad correctional measures .

he says it is critical that the right horse is matched to the right person , ' it can be a dangerous situation if you put the wrong person on the wrong horse . you have to know what you are doing and have the right help and point out the dangers , ' he said

first published in 1977 , horse illustrated has been a one - stop destination for latest horse news . catering to all aspects of horse and equine care such as nutrition , grooming and training , the digital and print edition of horse illustrated has been serving hands - on horse owners and riders for over 40 years now . the articles in the magazine covering life with horses , advice on horse riding and a lot more are curated by industry experts .

honestly , if we are talking biting , and only twice in the four years you ' ve had her , i would not say she is a rogue or dangerous horse . i would say she is a rude one . .

can your trainer or other professional not help you address her ground manners ? this is typical spoiled young horse behavior and is dangerous if not addressed , but really . . . if the horse is nice to ride , why not just do some training on the ground ( or have a professional do it , while you watch and learn ) and have a nice horse afterward to enjoy ?

the nyclass " horseless ecarriage " is a significantly safer alternative to horse carriages .

q : one of the film ' s most memorable scenes is a woman arriving at one of your clinics with a horse that ' s so dangerous , so violent that even you couldn ' t even help it . the next day when someone inquires about the horse , you get very emotional - - almost angry - - and state that " humans failed that horse . " what was going on inside you at the time ?

when the first filly to run in the kentucky derby in nearly a decade shockingly broke two ankles and was euthanized shortly after taking second place in saturday ' s race , it reignited the debate of whether horse racing is too cruel and dangerous for the animals .

when you buy a horse , the first and foremost consideration must be your safety . forget about the breeding , the colour , the amount of ribbons and trophies that the horse has won –all these things are pointless if the horse isn’t safe for you to ride .

gen ' s armed and dangerous and the late david kranich ' hitting a lick ' , the morning after the celebration . p j wamble was there to photograph the informal event .

" because horse drawn carriages do not meet basic motor vehicle safety standards , any crash involving a horse drawn carriage and a motor vehicle would result in the occupants of the horse carriage being placed at considerably greater risk for injury and death , ” according to the report .

when thompson and gen ' s armed and dangerous were named world grand champion it was a first , not only for thompson , but for the world grand championship title . it was the first time for a horse from california and trained in california to receive this prestigious award .

have you seen the documentary " buck " ? if not i highly recommend it . there is one horse in the documentary . it was an orphaned foal that was bottle fed in the owners kitchen ( if i am remembering correctly ) and kept intact . the horse was crazy dangerous and they were able to work with it a bit on day one of the clinic , but on day 2 it viscously attacked . buck recommended that they put the horse down and that the imprinting that the horse had as an orphan foal f - ' d him up .

this was an extremely helpful article for my research paper about horse abuse . it gives novices great facts about why their horse is acting “rogue” and the best way to solve that problem : patience , calmness , love , and care for that horse . i thoroughly enjoyed reading it .

if you’re an inexperienced rider , you must find an old , quiet horse to begin with . it doesn’t matter what breed the horse is or what he or she looks like . all that matters is that the horse is quiet , reliable and safe for you to ride and handle .

i ' m afraid insurance will only pay out for loss of horse if the horse was pts for humane reasons , and there are quite tight restrictions on what these reasons are . i would be surprised if your horse fall into this category . is he insured for loss of use ?

just because someone says a horse is crazy , dangerous , oxygen deprived , stubborn or some other negative term , does not make it so . what that usually means is they are too stupid to get the horse to do what they want . note : all video clips used in this video are used under the fair use act for education and critique purposes and not for profit . urltoken

biting is serious , especially when it comes from what i assume is a large horse , tb / percheron . i feel so sorry for you op since it sounds like out have a lovely horse under saddle , but that is too dangerous to hold on to . is there any hope of finding a retirement / rough board option where she can live outside and only be handled by you ?

it ' s hard to figure out from your post if your horse is simply spoiled and you haven ' t corrected her properly , or if she is one of the true dangerous horses that just needs to be put down . which , of course , would affect my suggested advice to you .

i have a horse who is exhibiting dangerous behaviour at horse shows in the show ring – rearing to avoid completing patterns . i am working with him with a trainer and outside the ring , we have all but eliminated the problem . inside the ring is a different story ! reading your article has encouraged me that we can correct the problem , and that i am probably going about it the right way !

he did feel that the horse needs to be retrained to the bit . turns out that this horse has been ridden by kids who did not know how to ride and he has bucked plenty of them off ! being a rather smart horse , he just got good at it . it was recommended that i go back to the round pen training using techniques to get him back to responding better to the bit ( after seeing an equine dentist ) . and he said that i should work on the mount / dismount in the round pen where the horse understands not to move at all . he said that i will have to put the time into the horse and if i ' m not willing to do so , then don ' t expect much . he insisted that the horse is a very , very good horse and worth the time and effort but that if he does not get what he needs now , he could be dangerous to inexperienced riders in the future . he said the respect factor must always be there when handling this horse and that children don ' t often understand this so he would not want a child to ever ride this horse . he also said that the horse may be proud cut because he looks and acts like a stallion .

snowrider , i disagree with your recommendation to simply find someone who will tolerate the biting . this is a horse with a known , documented history of biting . this owner no longer wants to deal with it , so suppose she finds an ambitious and strong willed adult amateur who is willing take in the behavior and brings it to a facility where it bites an injures another boarder or employee ? or that new owner needs to sell for whatever reason and now the dangerous horse falls into new hands . the op could do the right thing and be honest and up front about the problem , but what happens when the next owner tries to ditch the horse fast and doesn ' t disclose it ? or the horse goes through an auction with ho history ? the hard part about dangerous horses is that they get passed around and suffer in the process .

often , by the time its eggs are detected in horse faeces , the damage has already been done .

if you like polish arabians you need to . . . - marin horse council , inc . | facebook

i critique two videos were sent to me with questions . the first is about lunging a dangerous horse and the second is talking about rearing horses , what causes rearing and how to stop it . this video is being used under the fair use act for education and critique purposes when you use pain to train a horse you force the horse to fight back or react to pain or avoidance of pain . if you hit a horse in the butt with a whip and pull back on the reins with a pain bit - the horse can ' t go forward from bit pain and is getting pain from behind with a whip - it will go up . i do not like or recommend riding with whips , bits , spurs or chains . here is link to rearing horse video : urltoken here is the link to the lunging a horse that only likes one side : urltoken here is the photo of talk about at the start of this video . urltoken my website : urltoken

so you would have to have the vet agree that the vet was a danger to either itself or others before they would allow you to claim . if for example the horse was dangerous to ride but safe to handle etc the vet can ' t recommend euthanasia as a option . however if you had lou you could claim that

unless there’s an underlying physical problem , most rogue behavior can eventually be turned around with patience and cautious , consistent training at a pace determined by the horse’s comfort level . as john lyons states , proper training should leave the horse calmer at the end of a lesson than he was at the beginning of it . recognize that in certain cases , reforming a rogue may be a dangerous undertaking best left to a calm , experienced and patient professional .

she would outrun a horse and swim across the moskva river even when it rose in violent high tide . '

if you’ve ruled out physiologic problems and you’re still left with a dangerous horse , try to figure out the cause . can you uncover a history of abuse in your horse’s past ? has the horse been neglected ? was he a victim of training shortcuts and brought along too fast ? understanding the nature of the problem can help you form a successful training program to solve it . honestly assess your own capabilities . do you have the patience , knowledge base , physical ability and time to solve the problem yourself ? if not , seek out a reputable trainer with the experience your horse needs . don’t sell the horse until the problem is resolved , unless the buyer is completely aware of the horse’s problems and has both the experience and the commitment to work them through . remember , “problem” horses usually get passed from hand to hand without getting fixed , ending up mistreated , put down or worse—killing someone .

thompson had good stock to work with . sired by pride ' s generator and out of melana ebony , gen ' s armed and dangerous has a bloodline traceable to the foundation stock of the tennessee walking horse including three world grand champions - ebony masterpiece , merry go boy and midnight sun . the training went well and came easy according to thompson . he describes gen ' s as being just " about the most natural horse i ' ve ever seen . "

owned by susan arthur gordon of orange county , california , gen ' s armed and dangerous was bred by b . g . alford , jr . of oxford , mississippi . first owned by claude crowley , thompson purchased gen ' s armed and dangerous as a colt after seeing him at the walking horse trainers ' auxiliary show on the celebration grounds . he then sold him to the gordons . normally a prospect at the end of a lead strap would be a chancy proposition , but thompson could see the future in this particular colt . he felt there were no limitations as to what the horse could do , as long as he as a trainer could do his job , and do it well .

i hate it that you are having to deal with this . i think it is good , though , that you are able to think logically about it . locally we have a university equine program which requires advanced students be assigned to a " special problems " horse . it is the student ' s job to work with that horse exclusively to retrain said horse . you might try such a program as a last resort . if that fails , i would probably choose to have him humanely put down . even if he were not gelded , i would not want to breed a horse of his temperment . i know this must be a tough decision , and hope you all the best . i also know that it doesn ' t take long to get badly hurt trying to salvage a dangerous horse . good luck .

when trying to correct an aggressive horse , especially in the beginning , it ' s not going to be pretty .

every year about 20 people die and over 3000 people are admitted to hospital as a result of a horse accident .

with nicholas evans’ best - selling novel the horse whisperer and robert redford’s movie adaptation , “rogue” horses like the fictitious pilgrim got quite a bit of attention . pilgrim was described as a horse with such overwhelming psychological problems that it was dangerous to approach him for fear of attack . while there aren’t many real horses with such “in - your - face” aggressive tendencies , a few such creatures do exist , although generally they’re not created by a run - in with a semi truck . the point is that rogue is a label typically used to describe a horse with significant and potentially dangerous behavior problems , such as deliberate and consistent charging , kicking and biting on the ground , or intractable bucking , rearing or bolting while under saddle . what this all boils down to is that a rogue horse is a serious threat to human safety . and unfortunately , these horses often end up with novices in search of affordable horses , who don’t yet know how to evaluate a horse’s training . what can you do if you find yourself faced with this kind of an equine nightmare ?

but the vast majority of rogue behavior is not a consequence of nature . instead , it results from severe mistreatment , the lack of human handling , or by realizing that bad behavior causes good things to happen—in other words , bad training . abusive treatment brings out a horse’s fight - or - flight tendencies , so many horses cope by behaving desperately and often aggressively . similarly , extreme fear in a “wild” horse unaccustomed to human handling can lead to desperate and dangerous behavior .

horses will never be fully “safe” . but i feel that the best way to make a socalled “safe” horse , is to let a horse be a horse . don’t back them too early . take it slow but don’t shelter them too much and understand how a horse ticks and do things in a way that a horse is going to recognise and pick up on . we alter horses by makeing thier flight response almost nonexistance , we force a prey animal to face “preditores” . the least we can do is teach them that you have it all under controll by doing things in a way that a horse will understand . as for the horse with special needs , i think letting them be a horse goes double , but there are always exceptions . we got a paso fino stallion about a year and a helf ago as a severely nurotic horse . they had to run him from the trailer into the round pen and you didn’t dare go within 10ft of the pen becuase he would charge and try to attack . in trianing he was nippy so his socalled trainer beat him day after day in the head with a 2×4 . then when he went back home he was put in a dark stall with minimal human contanct and no horse contact , so he bacame horse agressive as well as human agressive . when he went after the owners girlfriend she said “it’s me or the horse” and thats how we got him , we got him for free . if he was never beat and was well trained , he would sell for over $ 50000 in today’s economy . now after being at our farm for 1yr and a half he is finally out in the pastrue with geldings and doing very well , but he is skiny from sever ulcers and he’s still pretty nurotic . but he’s not as poeple agressive , granted we wouldn’t tell just any person to go in his pasture and get a horse out . only 3 of us are allowed to handle him . he has gotten this good by being allowed to just graze and be a horse with other horses and has been shown that we don’t want to hurt him , but don’t hurt us because we wont take that . i hated that horse when he first showed up , but over time watching him get better and learn iv’e began to love him becuase he is a great example of what letting a horse be a horse can do for a horse . so there is my whole novle that could be summed up by just saying “let a horse be a horse ! ”

if you don’t have the skill and experience , don’t try to ride or re - train “problem horses” . rearing , bolting , bucking and other extreme behaviours are dangerous enough when you’re experienced . if you’re inexperienced , these behaviours are a recipe for disaster .

she said that in the nsw tafe incident , the horse had only just retired from racing , and was inappropriate . ' basically it was a systems failure and lack of risk assessment . a beginner rider should not have been put on that horse . '

a lot of people seem oblivious to the danger they’re in when they ride or handle a “problem horse” . people may ride such a horse for months or even years , without serious incident . however , every day is a day closer to catastrophe . and if you have to ask how to deal with problems like rearing , bolting or bucking , you probably shouldn’t be riding the horse .

i only ask this because when i am personally dealing with an aggressive horse or a biting horse , you are darn right i am going to defend myself . if i ' ve got to smack them several times with a whip to get my point across and

if you have to ask how to deal with problems like rearing , bolting or bucking , you probably shouldn’t be riding the horse .

nz connemara soc . nz farriers assn . aust / nz friesian soc . nz hanoverian soc . irish draught horse soc . advertising options

reference point was voted 1987 british horse of the year by the racecourse association , attracting twelve of the twenty votes . [ 16 ]

they were the first to enter the show ring for the final class of the 56th annual tennessee walking horse national celebration . as the other 17 contenders entered the ring , the trainer and his horse waited under the star - strewn , black sky . he watched with a keen eye as each horse entered the ring one by one to the exciting cheers of the more than 28 , 000 fans in attendance . as the gate closed and the cheers began to subside he realized the opportunity that laid before him and his partner . when it was all over the waiting brought the spotlight to that very first pair , number 34 russ thompson and gen ' s armed and dangerous .

my horse definitely isn’t rogue but i have learned that he is petrified of a crop , stick , bat , lunge whip , whatever you want to call them . he will stop dead , back up , and pull on the lead . it can be very dangerous if he thinks he is going to get hit . apparently he was abused before i got him at least judging by the way he reacts .

are you saying that you let her dictate her behavior to you ? because that just might be where this mare started to become dangerous . by figuring out she could be a bully and get away with it . i ' ve found it very hard to correct in a big , mature horse that has already figured out that by acting the alpha in the equation , they can get away with a lot .

great article . i have a horse with a behavior problem , you have gave me some insight to fixing the problem . thank you .

very good article with some great points ! i particularly like the warning of not just fobbing off your problem horse to some unknowing mark .

despite months of therapy and efforts to rehabilitate the horse , the thoroughbred couldn ' t overcome the injuries and was euthanized in january 2007 .

a : no one was more sad about that horse than me . that horse was never gonna be a complete horse because of the brain damage he had at birth . but humans had failed in their responsibility to help that horse learn right from wrong at an early enough stage before he became lethal . it ' s like a handicapped child that maybe doesn ' t have that internal ability to be able to tell right from wrong . someone could have helped that horse understand right from wrong , how to fit in and how to get along in the world . but nobody had been there for the horse to teach him that . it ' s about taking responsibility and being a responsible parent or a caretaker of an animal , and helping them to learn because you can really have a great effect on them right off the bat .

i had a horse several years ago that was born on my property from my mare and stallion . he was beautiful , but was so afraid of everything he was dangerous . after 3 vets advised me to put him down , i hired a trainer just for him . she made very little progress , so i sent him to a horse whisperer who kept him for 2 years and he finally gave up on him and gave him to a young woman who just loved him to bits . he put her in the hospital shortly after with several broken ribs . he was kind of lucky that people liked the look of him so much , that he kept getting 2nd chances instead of being put down . it makes me very sad to know how much time and money was wasted on this horse , when a good horse could have been saved from slaughter .

quite a story . thank you for sharing it with me and with the others who may read this . it is a dilemma for you i understand . i would completely re - start this horse . i would stop riding him and totally take him back to the very beginning of his training and re - do him . his behavior is habitual and quite crafty . this does make him dangerous at this time . but it is not hopeless . if you love him and you have already put two years into him , how about taking another 3 - 4 months maximum and retrain him . it may not take that long . that is what i would suggest . if he is attractive , moves well , has good conformation and the other good points you have mentioned , it sounds like he is a good candidate for re - hab . if he were rid of this behavior would he be terrific ? it sounds like you are no slouch and have a lot of horse sense . i also understand you are angry and frustrated . do you think you have the skills to really go back to the beginning ? that is what it will take . i have re - trained horses more dangerous than this . i take on horses that most other trainers give up on . i work with dangerous stallions . i have yet to give up on a horse . i have yet to not be successful when i go back to the beginning with the horse . imagine the skills you will be practicing if you do this . you will become like a professional trainer and be able to do this for others as well . this horse can be your doctorate thesis in horse training . it is so much more than showing them who is boss or keeping the horse out of your space or even being sensitive to his ' moves ' . i know you know how to do all that .

first and foremost , i do not want to send my horse somewhere where she will injure someone and / or where she will be beaten .

following barbaro ' s death , the california senate passed a bill that compelled major horse tracks in the state to install polytrack or something similar .

" what happened to . . . trempolino ? | sporting life - horse racing news | live racing results , racecards , live betting shows "

he ' s a triple crown winner . to those not in the know , in the horse racing business that ' s a big deal .

my question : should i sell this horse or put him down ? training is not an option - i ' ve done all that i could do . and if i sell him , am i responsible to tell the prospective buyer what this horse is capable of ? who would buy him ?

anyone , including an amature can handle a problem horse . go slow , use common sense , consult a trainer in your area and get them to work with you on a regular basis to correct the horse’s handling . with a little bit of time and patience , most ( not all ) horses become wonderful friends for years to come . when all else fails , its worth the time and money to send the horse to a trainer .

thank you so much for answering me ! i had a professional trainer look at this horse this weekend and he discovered the horse has a teeth problem . apparently , when i turned the horse , the snaffle put pressure where it hurt and when he bolted , my pulling on one rein made it even worse . i don ' t know if this is a common problem but it is certainly something that will always be on my checklist from now on .

agreed . don ' t want to assume but in case the rogue horse thing was directed at my story , i was hoping my craptastic experience would be helpful in seeing a different perspective . = ) besides , my horse was older , a gelding , and not acting like a cow - more like a schizophrenic mule .

" wherever man has left his footprint in the long ascent from barbarism to civilization , we will find the hoofprint of the horse beside it . " ~ john moore

peta us has made headlines with its searing undercover investigation into cruel and illegal industry practices among horse trainers in the us . but here in the uk , horses hardly face better odds . here are a few home truths about horse racing , which make it clear that the grand national and races like it are a national disgrace :

well , i would get the vet to give him the once over first as i doubt the insurance company would pay out otherwise . anyone could say there horse is dangerous just to get the money off the insurance company ( would have to be callous but it is still a possibility ) to me the only thing that springs to mind is possible brain tumor ( like that racehorse ) but your vet would be the best to advise , also i would ring the insurance and ask how you would stand .

the british equine veterinary association guidelines state that euthanasia should be carried out if ‘the insured horse sustains an injury or manifests an illness or disease that is so severe as to warrant immediate destruction to relieve incurable and excessive pain and that no other options of treatment are available to that horse at that time’ . the insurers should be notified as soon as possible . they will require a veterinary certificate confirming the identity of the horse and the reason why it was destroyed and may also ask for a post mortem .

i think that is about as likel , or in fact less likely , as the horse being fairly represented but green and a mare and the op is simply overhorsed .

but working and playing with horses has its dangers . every year about 20 people die and over 3000 people are admitted to hospital as a result of a horse accident .

is a fun read with a serious message . ( it’s open access so you can read the whole thing – i recommend it . ) nutt points out that the way in which we think about the harms of illegal drugs , such as ecstasy , is unlike the way in which we think about other dangerous things such as horseriding – or “

honestly , if we are talking biting , and only twice in the four years you ' ve had her , i would not say she is a rogue or dangerous horse . i would say she is a rude one . i wouldn ' t be talking euthanasia just yet . if your finances can afford it , i ' d send her to someone who is experienced with this type of horse on training or consignment - disclose she bites and that is the reason you are selling her . be honest and truthful with the trainer about both of your shortcomings and experience and list her on the market . good luck ! imho i would take a biter over a kicker any and every day .

this cruelty will end only when the public realises that there is no such thing as a “harmless flutter” when it comes to funding the cruel and exploitative horse - racing industry .

a : exactly . i ' m very interested that you said that . you want people to understand that . hopefully because of this film that horse will always have value .

i went yesterday and yes , it was wet and sticky but my horse loved it . as sc said , i would have withdrawn if i had been on a green horse or one who couldn ' t cope with the wet but the conditions suit some horses . personally i didn ' t feel the 90 degree turns were too bad , i ' d rather do that in the mud than on rock hard slippery ground . i actually thought the big corner at the penultimate fence off a turn was more taxing on a tired horse .

my friend ran her horse on very wet ground recently . the horse did a tendon and is now out of work for at least a year . : ( makes you think . : ( personally it gives me the courage of my convictions to run my horse only when i know the conditions suit him . not to be swayed by anyone else ' s opinion , be they be , event organiser , rider rep , other competitors etc etc . after all you are the only one with the power to wd if you want to .

he wants me to 1 . ) get the horses teeth looked at 2 . ) round pen train as often as i can . 3 . ) send the horse to a local professional for two weeks . he said that this trainer he is recommending will carefully push the horse to see if he will bolt ( not cowboy him or anything like that ) . just work him until he ' s tired and had enough ( not exhausted ) . that ' s when this horse will do his thing - when he ' s had enough .

q : sounds like you are talking about your own childhood . you were upset because that horse was you . . . . up until betsey shirley came in to your life .

finally , if a horse does something dangerous and finds it gets him out of an aversive situation ( such as work ) , he may be inclined to try it again . as with people and in particular children , if inappropriate behavior has a rewarding outcome , it will stay in the animal’s behavioral repertoire . for example , as the director of the riding program at a children’s summer camp some time ago , i was responsible for the care and maintenance of the 50 - horse riding string . many of these horses were leased out to private homes over the winter , and i had to collect them and return them to the camp in preparation for the summer season . frosty was one such horse who was being maintained by a family at a boarding stable a few miles away . there were beautiful riding trails connecting that boarding stable and the summer camp , so i had someone drop me off at the barn so i could ride the horse back to camp . little did i know my charge had learned a few nasty tricks to avoid working for a living and was known as something of a terrorist around the barn .

coolmore stud is part of a horse - breeding empire with stables , farms and breeding facilities in ireland , kentucky in the us , and jerry plains in nsw ' s hunter valley .

i ' d just like to reiterate , it wasnt me who was saying dauntsey was dangerous ! no , the course was not for me and my confidence levels , so i ' ll take it as a learning experience . its amazing how different each 100 course can be , so would def support some kind of grading system to make it easier for grass roots people like me .

i am an experienced adult amateur . if the horse is gold under saddle , i would be interested in such a horse but would need more information about the biting . if it a random bite here and there , i think i would be willing to work with that . actually , my current horse is a bit grumpy and will bite here and there . however , if the biting is very aggressive , or accompanied by charging in a paddock , that would be a different story . however , i would not be interested in buying such a horse . depending on the severity of the issue rehoming with full disclosure to an appropriate home might be the best course of action . in that case , i would consider a first right of refusal or some kind of buy back clause so that if the new owner cannot keep her , or the problem becomes worse , the horse can be put to sleep and not be passed around to unknowing owners .

originally , cadet was deemed dangerous and unrideable by many of new zealand ' s top trainers . but under vicki’s gentle guidance he went on to become one of new zealand ' s most successful competitors , showing fantastic scope , technique and talent . he won and placed in many grand prix , world cup and speed classes and was consistently in the winners ' circle . cadet ' s career highlights include winning the coveted premier stakes grand prix at the horse of the year show in 2014 , and vicki ' s first world cup title at the taupo christmas classic that same year .

the races can be taxing on the animals ' delicate bodies . a 1 , 000 - pound horse will place the equivalent of 100 times the force of gravity on each hoof with very stride .

watch the movie buck . . . what you need to understand is sure if you rehome this mare to someone who says they will work with her or whatever . but what happens when they get bit and then they pass her on to someone else who will just pass her on to whoever and she might get beaten or abused . imo these are you options , 1 put her down . 2 find some farmer with a field he ' ll rent to you and let her live out . keep her . or as a last ditch effort like if its paying for food or the horse , call a local rescue . but you need to realize they may just put her down if she is dangerous . to anyone , when you buy a rescue you don ' t know their past . i see this all the time of ottbs and the like . when you look at a horse that you want to rescue or give a new career you not only need to see what the horse need physically but mentally .

troy palmer runs a horse stud , binnia performance horses , at coolah , in central nsw . he breeds horses , droves , and competes on his horses . he won the 2013 world campdraft championship .

i speak as someone who was seriously hurt as a result of a horse bite . i walked out into the pasture to get another horse and was picked up by my shoulder and tossed to the ground by a horse that i never saw coming . he ran across the pasture and bit me . i was wearing many layers under my winter jacket and still have a scar . that horse ( affectionately known as jaws from them on ) continued to have intermittent biting issues , aggressive lunging biting episodes . the barn owner did her best to accommodate him , private turn out and only handled by certain barn staff . that horse went on to bite 5 more people ( including his owner ) over several years before the barn owner said he could only stay if the owner did self care . it was too great a liability knowing he had this aggressive tendency that would come and go , sometimes years with no biting . the owner decided to being him home and he lived in a field with a shed so he wasn ' t handled .

reference point was given a timeform rating of 139 , the eleventh highest awarded to any horse up to that time , and higher than those of nijinsky , alleged and troy . [ 16 ] in their book a century of champions , john randall and tony morris rated reference point the thirty - sixth best british horse of the 20th century and the second best derby winner of the 1980s behind shergar . [ 5 ]

ditto td : i took a second timer intro horse round yesterday & thought that while testing in places it was v educational for the horse to learn to cope with imperfect going at this stage of its career . fwiw i walked v carefully & was v surprised at where some people had run before me ( i . e line between fences ) but such is : each to their own . . . ; )

over the years , i trained many horses . without a doubt , the most common cause of dangerous behavior was overfeeding either with grain , alfalfa hay or vitamin supplements . horses do very well on grass hay , free - choice minerals and a salt block . repeatedly , people who overfeed keep going through horses convinced each time that they were cheated , instead of accepting that they are creating the problems with their feeding program .

if you do not want to do this and you are not too far from aspen , co . , i would be happy to take the horse on and retrain him for you here . you could even come and do it with me . i live on a lovely boarding / guest ranch just outside of aspen . i could also come there and get you going if you like . it all depends on if you want to give up on the horse or not . please do not send him to the killers or just drop him . that is not necessary . he is not nearly as bad as many i have worked with . you are hurt and angry , but the truth is , the horse is not really doing anything for you to take personally . it is just being a horse , a horse with a behavioral issue that can be corrected . he is smart and sensitive . you are pretty good and i really think you have it in you to retrain this guy , if you want to . i can help you do this .

so what is the best course of action to take if your horse’s behavior qualifies him as a rogue ? the first step is to rule out any physical causes for the behavior . this can best be achieved through a thorough examination by a veterinarian . the cause of many behavior problems can be identified by careful palpation and blood screening tests . once the source of the problem is found , there may be a medical solution that your veterinarian can bring to your attention . if the cause of the dangerous behavior is related to reproductive hormones , the solution may be as simple as castration for non - breeding stallions or hormone therapy for mares .

this is such a hard thing to deal with . . . it is so incredibly hard to be the one to make a decision to put an animal down . but i do think that putting him down is probably the right choice to make unless he can be a pasture ornament like portia suggested . i knew of a horse that was very aggressive and was sold to someone for cheap . he ended up pinning this woman in a roundpen and attacking her . luckily she was okay , but had the horse put down . i think that was the best thing to do , since this horse could have killed her . visit urltoken

an article everyone should read i had a horse i was going to sell then realized that the problem could be fixed with a little work . if i had sold hime he would of hurt someone or got hurt .

a native of hartsville , alabama , thompson grew up in woodbine , tennessee and although his family enjoyed going to horseshows and often encouraged thompson to join them , he had other interests . . . cars . at the young age of 17 he headed to california and opened an automotive shop . his interest in horses began while there when he traded his motorcycle for a horse , a tennessee walking horse . my midnight melody was the horse and thompson says that walking horses are the only kind he has ever ridden . in 1973 he began his training career , a career which 17 years later would lead him to a handsome , sorrel colt in tennessee .

it may be too late to change the events of a horse’s past , but you can certainly influence his future . the behavior you see today does not have to continue . bad habits can be changed , training mistakes can be resolved . believe in the ability of your horse to adapt and reform . horses , like humans , are never too old to learn , and generally , unlike some humans , horses seem more willing to forgive .


the peltogastridae are a family of barnacles belonging to the bizarre parasitic and highly apomorphic superorder rhizocephala , and therein to the less diverse of the two orders , the kentrogonida .

the peltogastridae are by far the largest family of rhizocephala .

they comprise 14 genera : angulosaccus reinhard , 1944 boschmaia reinhard , 1958 briarosaccus boschma , 1930 cyphosaccus reinhard , 1958 dipterosaccus van kampen & boschma , 1925 galatheascus boschma , 1929 parthenopea kossmann , 1874 peltogaster rathke , 1842 peltogastrella krüger , 1912 pterogaster septosaccus duboscq , 1912 temnascus boschma , 1951 tortugaster reinhard , 1948 trachelosaccus boschma , 1928

peltogastridae

peltogastridae <EOT> kento furui added the japanese common name " ナガフクロムシ科 " to " peltogastridae " .

a new genus and two new species of peltogastridae ( crustacea : cirripedia : rhizocephala ) parasitizing hermit crabs from okinawa island ( ryukyu archi . . . - pubmed - ncbi

a new genus and two new species of peltogastridae ( crustacea : cirripedia : rhizocephala ) parasitizing hermit crabs from okinawa island ( ryukyu archipelago , japan ) , and their dna - barcodes .

boyko , c . b . ; boxshall , g . ( 2018 ) . world list of rhizocephala . peltogastridae lilljeborg , 1861 . accessed through : world register of marine species at : urltoken ; = 134763 on 2018 - 07 - 09

rhizocephalan parasites have a peculiar life cycle , and their adults lost almost all traits found usually in crustacea . despite some data on anatomy and ultrastructure of interna of peltogastridae , some crucial aspects of morphology are still unknown . for example , there is only one mentioning of myocytes found in interna of rhizocephalans ( sacculina carcini ) . so we aimed at studying the muscular system of the interna of peltogaster paguri using serial histological sectioning and fluorescent staining ( tritc - labeled phalloidin ) with confocal microscopy .

a new genus and two new species of peltogastridae , peltogaster postica sp . nov . and ommatogaster nana gen . et sp . nov . , are described from okinawa island , ryukyu islands , southwestern japan . the two new rhizocephalans were found to be parasitic on the estuarine hermit crabs , pagurus minutus hess , 1865 and diogenes leptocerus forest , 1956 , respectively . peltogaster postica sp . nov . is allied to p . curvata kossmann , 1874 , p . paguri rathke , 1842 , and p . reticulata shiino , 1943 , but is distinguished by its relative length and internal and external structures of the mature externa . ommatogaster gen . nov . is established for the present new species o . nana based on the morphologies of the visceral mass of the externa and the presence of a nauplius eye in the larvae . partial coi sequences were obtained from the two new species and one known species , dipterosaccus indicus van kampen and boschma , 1925 , to test the possible usefulness of the sequences as tags for species identification .

lilljeborg , w . ( 1861 ) . supplément au mémoire sur les genres liriope et peltogaster , h . rathke . nova acta regiae societatis scientiarum upsaliensis , seriei tertiae . 3 : 74 - 102 , pl . 6 . [ details ]

boxshall , g . ( 2001 ) . cirripedia - parasitic rhizocephala , in : costello , m . j . et al . ( ed . ) ( 2001 ) . european register of marine species : a check - list of the marine species in europe and a bibliography of guides to their identification . collection patrimoines naturels , 50 : pp . 283 - 284 ( look up in imis ) [ details ]

martin , j . w . , & davis , g . e . ( 2001 ) . an updated classification of the recent crustacea . science series , 39 . natural history museum of los angeles county . los angeles , ca ( usa ) . 124 pp . ( look up in imis ) [ details ] available for editors [ request ]

integrated taxonomic information system ( itis ) . , available online at urltoken [ details ]

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faculty of science , university of the ryukyus , senbaru 1 , nishihara , okinawa 903 - 0213 , japan . 4cd . riutae @ urltoken

eol content is automatically assembled from many different content providers . as a result , from time to time you may find pages on eol that are confusing .

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scientists aim to describe a single ' tree of life ' that reflects the evolutionary relationships of living things . however , evolutionary relationships are a matter of ongoing discovery , and there are different opinions about how living things should be grouped and named . eol reflects these differences by supporting several different scientific ' classifications ' . some species have been named more than once . such duplicates are listed under synonyms . eol also provides support for common names which may vary across regions as well as languages .

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muscular system is a unidirectional spiral of muscular fibers going along the main trunk .

we suggest that muscular system have a role in peristaltic movements of rootlets and circulation of nutrients .

within the wall of the main trunk we found striated muscular fibers . the majority of these fibers form a unidirectional single spiral . there are additional small fibers that connect the coils of the large spiral . the density of muscular fibers is highest near the externa stalk , and the number of muscle fibers decreases towards the distal part of the main trunk . we suggest that such a muscular system could provide peristaltic movements of the main trunk and the transport of nutrients through the interna .

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confused by a class within a class or an order within an order ? please see our brief essay .

to cite this page : myers , p . , r . espinosa , c . s . parr , t . jones , g . s . hammond , and t . a . dewey . 2018 . the animal diversity web ( online ) . accessed at https : / / animaldiversity . org .

disclaimer : the animal diversity web is an educational resource written largely by and for college students . adw doesn ' t cover all species in the world , nor does it include all the latest scientific information about organisms we describe . though we edit our accounts for accuracy , we cannot guarantee all information in those accounts . while adw staff and contributors provide references to books and websites that we believe are reputable , we cannot necessarily endorse the contents of references beyond our control .

this material is based upon work supported by the national science foundation grants drl 0089283 , drl 0628151 , due 0633095 , drl 0918590 , and due 1122742 . additional support has come from the marisla foundation , um college of literature , science , and the arts , museum of zoology , and information and technology services .

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accessed through : world register of marine species at urltoken on 2010 - 12 - 13 .

in : nishimura , s . ( ed . ) , guide to seashore animals of japan with color pictures and keys , vol . ii . hoikusha , osaka , 133 - 136 ( in japanese ) .

occurrence record in darwincore format ( elements of obis schema and some of dwc1 . 4 )

i det avancerade verktyget kan man söka ut och få fram artlistor , t ex arter i ett visst län , i en viss biotop , substrat , som påverkas av en hotfaktor , eller som är knutna till en sk värdart , t ex trädet alm . dessa kan även kombineras .

söka fram arter som är rödlistade , knutna till alm , är beroende av död ved och som finns i kronobergs län .

söka fram arter som är rödlistade , lever i småvatten och som påverkas negativt av igenväxning .

defaultläget i verktyget är arter som är rödlistade 2015 och dessa är klassade på samtliga sökfaktorer . under fliken rödlistekategori kan man dock välja att även inkludera arter som inte är rödlistade . om man väljer att inkludera icke rödlistade arter behöver man vara medveten om att samtliga arter inte är klassade på samtliga faktorer . nedan en sammanställning av vad som är komplett .

denna funktion används när du vill skapa din egen lista av arter att hantera . du kan t . ex . navigera mellan arterna i listan genom att klicka på deras namn . du kan också välja att använda knappen ”jämför arter” för att se bilder , kartor och kännetecken i en jämförelsevy .

du kan komponera ditt eget urval av arter genom att klicka dig fram via släktträdet och där välja arter eller artgrupper till din lista . ett annat sätt att göra ditt urval är att använda fliken ”filtrera” , där du kan söka på olika egenskaper . ovanför listan med sökresultatet finns en knapp ”lägg i mitt urval” .

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