inferno ( 1902 – 1919 ) was a canadian thoroughbred racehorse .

he has been called " canada 's first great racehorse " by the canadian horse racing hall of fame .

inferno ( horse )

inferno ( horse ) <EOT> inferno ( de _ inferno ) is a bomb defusal map featured in the counter - strike series .

for everything you need to know about horse racing . free horse racing tips from professional punters and betting secrets to increase your horse racing profits .

blazing inferno was sired by red giant out of the dam margravine blazing inferno was foaled on 26 of september in 2011 .

blazing inferno has a 4 % win percentage and 13 % place percentage . blazing inferno ' s last race event was at kilcoy .

in the revamped version , the street sign " corso inferno " can be found near middle , meaning " inferno avenue " in italian .

all the latest horse racing form , betting odds , news , breeding , jockey and trainer information for kerang inferno . kerang inferno is a filly born in 2011 october 14 by desert king out of little honeypot

all the latest horse racing form , betting odds , news , breeding , jockey and trainer information for royal inferno . royal inferno is a mare born in 2009 october 30 by due sasso out of royal spark

the world / inferno friendship society - canonize philip k . dick , ok ?

no venue information could be found for inferno ( nz ) ( nz ) .

no class information could be found for inferno ( nz ) ( nz ) .

no jockey information could be found for inferno ( nz ) ( nz ) .

no track information could be found for inferno ( nz ) ( nz ) .

no prize information could be found for inferno ( nz ) ( nz ) .

all the latest horse racing form , betting odds , news , breeding , jockey and trainer information for blazing inferno ( nzl ) . blazing inferno ( nzl ) is a gelding born in 2011 september 26 by red giant out of margravine

the current race record for blazing inferno ( nzl ) is 1 wins from 24 starts .

" we didn ' t know what kind of horse he was going to be , but after that we knew we had a good horse , " carreno said .

blazing inferno is a 5 year old bay gelding . blazing inferno is trained by f n phillips , at sunshine coast and owned by ms m j adams - smith & g j jones .

hero farmer kym “freddy” curnow was also killed as he tried to warn others away from the inferno .

welcome to horseracing . com . au , australia ' s premier site for horse racing news .

blazing inferno ' s exposed form for its last starts is 0 - 9 - 0 - 8 - 2 .

blazing inferno’s last race event was at 20 / 08 / 2016 and it has not been nominated for any upcoming race .

the tragic scene where the three europeans died after their vehicle and horse float rolled over in the raging fire .

" i wasn ' t surprised the way he ran , " hernandez said of conquest mo money ' s maiden win . " he was a nice horse . but after the next race—now i know i have a horse . "

illustration of running fire horse on white background . royalty free cliparts , vectors , and stock illustration . image 23236280 .

illustration of running blue fire horse on white background . royalty free cliparts , vectors , and stock illustration . image 23236277 .

the large fountain in the harmonia gardens set was reused in the towering inferno ( 1974 ) . it can be seen in the top floor restaurant . in the towering inferno ( 1974 ) , it is knocked over by the water and kills the bartender played by gregory sierra .

british man tom butcher , 31 , norwegian anna winther , 29 , and a german woman , julia , 19 , died when their vehicle towing a horse float was caught in flames as they tried to flee the property and rescue a horse in the process .

blazing inferno career form is 1 wins , 1 seconds , 1 thirds from 24 starts with a lifetime career prize money of $ 14 , 900 .

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in the sound files , a sound called " de _ inferno _ children . wav " can be found . [ 1 ] it was added before the haloween 2016 update and contain unused spooky children laughing sound .

on a break from filming , walter matthau and michael crawford visited a nearby racetrack and saw a horse named hello dolly . matthau refused to place a bet on it because it reminded him of barbra streisand , whom he detested . crawford placed a bet on the horse . it won the race , and matthau refused to speak to crawford for the rest of the shoot unless absolutely necessary .

ulysses : greek hero famous for his cunning ; he helped to devise the trojan horse . according to dante , ulysses went on another journey after he returned home , sailing to the most distant west and south

* * inferno will be showing at the ride & slide in tulsa 3 / 6 - 3 / 11 , the nrbc 4 / 12 - 4 / 22 , and the nrha derby . during this time frozen semen only will be available . * *

in the scene where we see an ancient battle taking place and see soldiers riding through the fighting on horseback , the extras and actors were prepped on the action , and kept a trail clear for the horses to pass through . plastic horses were placed throughout the background to represent dead horses . the riders were stuntmen who were adept at rearing the horses . in the scene where we see a horse fall backwards , production used a fake horse for that scene .

" i asked miguel , ' why ' d that horse beat you up ? you ' re supposed to be the best , ' " hernandez remembered . " he just said , ' i couldn ' t keep up . ' "

the local horse seemed cooked as the doug o ' neill - trained california invader came up on the outside , but conquest mo money showed his grit , dug in on the inside , and put away irap to win by two lengths .

" they tested him in the sunland derby . he had a terrible post , a terrible trip into the first turn , and i ' m a big uncle mo fan , " casse said . " i called up ( brother and bloodstock agent ) justin ( casse ) to see if we could buy that horse . i have no problem giving somebody a profit if they ' re doing something right , but they didn ' t want to sell . i knew that horse could run . "

" honestly , i wanted to go in the kentucky derby , " the trainer said . " it ' s my dream , and i have the horse . but after talking to mr . mckenna , i thought it was the right decision . "

" i claim my own horses . i buy my own horses , " said the 81 - year - old mckenna , who added that his horsemanship started when he worked his first horse from the gate at the age of 12 for his grandfather and horse owner c . m . lanier ( hence the stable name judge lanier racing ) . " believe me when i tell you it ' s not because i think i ' m smarter or better . i ' m just a poor boy and that ' s the way i get it done .

to break her maiden . that started a roll of eight consecutive victories , including scores in the 2015 breeders ' cup juvenile fillies turf ( g1t ) and the 2016 belmont oaks ( g1t ) , and three soveriegn awards topped by canada ' s 2015 horse of the year honor .

if the offers to buy conquest mo money were coming in hot before the sunland derby , the arkansas derby result caused an inferno . hernandez said offers topped out at $ 1 . 5 million , with some buyers even willing to put up the extra $ 200 , 000 for the late supplemental nomination to the kentucky derby .

then the time came for both colts to have a first work out of the gate . jockey miguel perez was aboard oh so regal and alfredo juarez jr . was on conquest mo money . one horse dusted the other by two lengths , but it wasn ' t what hernandez was expecting .

" now , of course , he ' s got my attention . but at the time , he had beaten irap , and who knew about irap ? " casse said of the colt who later became the first horse to break his maiden in the toyota blue grass stakes ( g2 ) at

" the problem is , you have too many people in this industry only concerned about the breeding part . that ' s it . it ' s all about one classic , two classics , three classics and that ' s not horse racing . i want to see my horses run . "

" he ' s a beautiful horse , but he had ( issues with his ) shins early on , " casse said . " if you watch him , he has a unique way of going . he ' s a big , stout horse , but he has a little bit of knee action and he hits the ground fairly hard . early on , his ankles kept filling up on him . we call them ' baby ankles . ' we would x - ray them and they were always fine . there wasn ' t anything there , so you just try to let them grow up .

" we were jumping up and down . we didn ' t win , but for us , we won . it wasn ' t the money , " mckenna said of the $ 200 , 000 second - place share of the purse . " it was because the horse performed the way he did . "

had an impressive start to his competition career as a young horse , competing with success under serena pincus ( of the sheepcote stud ) , emily freezer and cathryn creemer ( the current test rider for the british hannoverian horse society mare test ) . such was his excellent temperament that it was then decided to concentrate on high - level young rider classes and with amanda leaker ( who rides many young horses for the woodlander stud , igor’s previous owners to whom we give grateful thanks for letting us buy him ) he competed regularly at advanced and prix st george level , retiring in 2008 with an impressive 280 dressage points .

the colt from the conquest stables dispersal was picked out by mckenna himself , a lifelong horseman , who in his words has trained " every damn type of horse you could think of . " he doesn ' t rely on others because he calls himself a " poor boy " who can ' t afford the advice .

this phenomenal stallion has been turning heads ever since he first walked in the show pen . he is a blue blood through and through , sired by nrha open futurity champion gunnatrashya . his dam , snip o gun , is an nrha all time leading producer , with offspring earnings of over $ 849 , 250 . shown by franco bertolani , inferno sixty six will continue his lucrative show career in 2018 .

one of the horse - drawn buses used in the new york scene in the beginning of the movie ( dolly is briefly seen descending from one ) is still in use . it is part of the krewe of orpheus parade in new orleans and can be seen every lundi gras , still drawn by horses . a calliope has been installed on the upper deck .

, and most recently on the arizona and new mexico circuits , hernandez won more than 2 , 000 races across all breeds in north america ( 1 , 846 in thoroughbred races ) —including a sextet of graded victories in quarter horse races . after the injury his riding career was abruptly over , but it didn ' t take long for an opportunity to come up .

his entry into horse racing started when he worked as a mechanic ' s assistant in mexico city as a teenager . the mechanic , a racing fan , always told hernandez he had the perfect body type to be a jockey , and hernandez finally gave in one day and took a trip to mexico city ' s hipódromo de las américas , which had a jockeys ' school adjacent to it . he enrolled .

before the sunland derby , hernandez expressed a desire—and a sense of pride—to run for all the horsemen associated with new mexico racing ( and to take down that big purse for the home team ) . that race continues to be ruled by out - of - state invaders who seek kentucky derby points and a piece of the inflated purse , but the trainer wanted to show a new mexico - based horse could do it .

with the showjumping influence in his pedigree it is not surprising that he also showed excellent potential for this as a young horse , but being owned by a dressage breeder and always based at dressage yards he did not have many opportunities to compete in this discipline . however , he has been able to pass on his natural jumping talent to his progeny , a number of whom have competed successfully in both showjumping and eventing .

" i ' d never run a horse in the derby , " mckenna said . " you can do two things—you can either cut the number of horses and make it a safer race , or you can make these 3 - year - old races 4 - year - old races and let ' s get these horses some maturity , and then we ' ll have some longevity in these horses and not as many breaking down .

" they teach you everything before you ride the horse—to be a groom , how to put on bandages , everything , " hernandez said . " you ' re learning before you ever get to riding . that went on for maybe two years or a year and i got to galloping horses , but after you leave the school , you ' re still working with the horses—you ' re in there feeling their legs and in the stalls , not just riding .

inferno was officially revamped in october 13 , 2016 update . although the overall layout remains relatively unchanged , the revamped version features widened pathways , along with drastically improved visibility and brightness level . the car on upper banana is replaced by a couple of barrels . the hay stacks beneath window room are now stairs . the windows on the both sides of window room are upgraded in size and visibility . the new map also saw the removal of the bells in t spawn , pillars on the side of banana , the patio in front of bombsite b , the truck near ct spawn , coverings over bombsite a and the bedroom next to window room as well as reintroducing the route connecting t spawn and alt mid .

owner : joseph e . seagram , waterloo breeder : j . e . seagram 1st king ' s plate , king edward gold cup three times , the durham cup twice and the toronto cup . inferno ' s herculean deeds were legion , and it mattered not that when he died in 1919 , he was an ill - tempered " rogue " , dangerous to the unwary and a failure at stud . he kicked down so many wooden stall gates at seagram ' s waterloo farm that an iron door had to be placed on his stall . when he died seagram had him opened up . " his heart was the most massive i ' ve ever seen , " he said , a trifle awed . ( close )

early favourite to take out saturday’s group 1 $ 1 , 000 , 000 robert sangster stakes ( 1200m ) in adelaide , local hope viddora has come up trumps with barrier one in the morphettville feature .

the world’s best racehorse , winx , has been celebrated by the australian turf club ( atc ) getting the warwick stakes renamed in her honour .

the championships day 2 results will be known shortly and you can stay up to date with all the news at horseracing . com . au .

* new customers only . turnover and bet requirements apply . t & c ' s apply . excl nsw , wa , sa & vic . gamble responsibly .

stewards apprentice mitchell aitken has been taken to hospital following a fall at swan hill on sunday .

* new customers only . turnover & bet requirements apply . t & c ' s apply . excl nsw , wa , sa & vic . gamble responsibly .

is gambling a problem for you ? call gambling help on 180 0858 858 or visit www . gamblinghelponline . org . au

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sky sports news takes you through all of the day ' s racing news , plus alex hammond ' s tip of the day .

follow the latest from the written press with the best gossip and speculation from the papers .

sky has launched a pub finder for eager fans wanting to find a venue to watch sky sports .

get a sports star to visit your old secondary school as part of our free schools initiative .

after awakening in a hospital room in italy , dr . langdon suddenly finds himself as the victim of a manhunt .

due to late notification and / or limited resources , american humane association did not monitor any of the dog action .

search 123rf with an image instead of text . try dragging an image to the search box .

the map is set in a small town with european architecture . in the global offensive version , the presence of the separatist faction suggests that the map is set in the basque country , where the real eta separatist group operates , though signs written in italian seen around the map suggest otherwise .

the map is loosely rectangular , with the counter - terrorists spawning on one corner of the map and the terrorists on the diagonally opposite corner , and the two bombsites sitting at the other two corners .

terrorists are attempting to blow up two critical gas pipelines through part of a small village .

the map was built by chris " barney " auty . it was likely to be an abandoned residence and the time is set in the evening .

the houses at the 2nd middle section and near the ct spawn zone were added to the map . bombsite a is moved away from the ct spawn zone to its current position .

the map was edited by valve corporation . some elements were added such as lamps and the theme is changed to a village setting . the time is set at noon .

this map had been edited by ritual entertainment in counter - strike : condition zero . the map arrangement has been expanded a bit and the textures are completely changed and taken from the mission motorcade assault in condition zero : deleted scenes . the other map that uses the same textures is italy . also , the time is set during night , directly derived from the original mission .

ai navigation for bots has also improved . they will usually avoid jumping over the truck in bombsite b to access the apartments and traversing through the crawlspace in which a . i . players struggled in older versions .

the time is set during a sunny day , similar to the original counter - strike version .

this version of the map has a few visual improvements but not much has changed when compared to the source version . the hay stacks and the fish ponds still make their respective appearances but nuclear containment barrels have also been added . notably , the majority of props in bombsite a were removed to reduce camping , the apartment room in the middle from source was removed , the secondary pathway out of the terrorist spawn zone was removed , and the automated gated door from the apartments is not present . the skybox has also changed , similar to counter - strike 1 . 0 .

the counter - terrorists for this map are the sas and the terrorists are the separatists .

miscellaneous changes include switching the bombsite designations and having chickens appear in this map . a chicken hut was added to the terrorist spawn in an update .

on april 21 , 2016 , the map was moved to the reserves group , being replaced by nuke .

the factions remain unchanged , and the map ' s setting has been changed to an italian town with more distinctive european architecture .

on february 3 , 2017 , the map was moved to the active duty group , replacing dust 2 .

december 10 , 2014 update , february 17 , 2016 update , june 15 , 2016 update and june 15 , 2016 update .

in the original global offensive version , the edge of the ceiling next to bombsite a can cause a player to become stuck permanently . [ 2 ]

the song latin lover by jane marie finstrom can be heard near a bombsite of the source version and in the ct spawn in the revamped global offensive version .

the song in the original global offensive terrorist - spawn is a shortened version of carcelera by reflejo andaluz .

version . these bells will ring if they are shot at , with the large bells and the small bells ringing in different tones . they are removed in the revamped version .

the bell located in the bellower that can be seen on the map can also be rang by shooting at it .

in source , in the apartment area , if a player jumps into the ceiling fan , he will make injured grunts even though no damage is dealt . this was also the case in earlier versions of global offensive , where the fan would make head - shot sounds ( differing depending on whether the player wore a helmet ) . this was later patched when the map was updated to cause the fan to block movement into its blades .

in source , a gas can can be found in the storage room near the apartment area . its model is taken from half - life 2 . it can be shot and damage the player who ' re too close to it , it has fairly low explosive radius and won ' t do much damage to the player ( detonating while being caught in the epicenter of the blast causes the player to lose 15 hp without armor and 10 hp and in addition 3 point of armor ) .

several aspects of the map in the source and the original global offensive version appear to be inspired by mission san juan capistrano at southern california . [ 3 ]

in source , there is an area of the map called boiler room . in global offensive , the name boiler room was retained but the boiler room itself was closed off . the september 17 , 2014 update later partially opened the door , revealing the boiler room , but another update removed the boiler again and relocated it to a truck near bombsite b . in the revamped version , the boiler is returned to its original location , similar to that of the september 17 , 2014 version .

in rare occasions , one of the computer monitors in apartments shows the main menu of won - version counter - strike . [ 4 ]

on the revamped version , the street sign " via adamo " can be found near banana . the sign means " adam road " in italian , a tribute to famous competitive global offensive player adam friberg , who had been nicknamed " king of the banana " due to his reputation to attack and defend banana with great efficiency .

interestingly , alt mid is named " via dante " ( dante road ) according to the street signs .

there is a coat of arms painted on the wall facing mid with " tenuta auty " as the motto .

in the revamped version , the numbers near library were " 88 " in beta , but changed to " 95 " in the official release .

the update notes " added a boiler to boiler " became a minor meme within the community .

counter - strike global offensive \ csgo \ pak01 _ dir . vpk \ sound \ ambient \

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a foal has been born in the chaos of a fire , while bulls and horses ran loose on the yard .

the filly , aptly named ember , was foaled during a blaze at a farm in ryhill , south yorkshire , on 21 june .

sarah scott , the owner of the dam , a 13 . 2hh coloured cob called mica , only realised her pony was in foal two weeks prior to the birth , having recently bought the mare .

sarah hall , whose aunt owns the farm , had been helping with the birth .

“i had a call at 7 . 45pm saying she was about to foal , ” ms hall told h & h .

“i shot over to the yard and went into the mare’s stable . a nose and two front feet were out .

“then i heard shouting and screaming . i saw the smoke and knew there was something wrong .

“i jumped over the mare , ran around the corner and all i could see was a wall of flames . ”

ms hall ran into the neighbouring barn to let out the nine bulls who were also kept on the farm .

“she was still stuck in her sack , so i got her out and freed her airways , ” ms hall said .

“meanwhile the stampede of bulls came out of the barn . a friend was herding them and one ended up in the stable .

“the mare was doing a fabulous job , she didn’t even react . the little baby was like , ‘what’s happening ? ’

“next the bulls crashed into the horses’ paddock so they were released too . ”

“gas cylinders were exploding and machinery was crashing around , ” ms hall said .

“there was a massive diesel tank on the front of the barn — if that had gone up we would have been annihilated . ”

the fire destroyed buildings , machinery , hay and straw , but the farm’s 15 horses and nine bulls were not hurt .

“the next day we brought the mare and foal out , ” added ms hall .

“ember’s in perfect health and has become a bit of a celebrity and the mare has been superb throughout . ”

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they came to wa in search of adventure , study and employment , but the lives of three overseas visitors were cut short when they perished in the esperance bushfires .

locals have paid tribute to the trio who worked on a property owned by respected farmers david and linda campbell at scaddan , about 55km north of esperance .

justin laird , a farm hand on a neighbouring property who fought the flames for more than 10 hours on tuesday , said losing friends was “just devastating” .

“we lost all our wheat but that’s nothing when lives have been lost , ” mr laird said .

“a lot more lives would have been lost if it wasn’t for freddy warning people .

“to lose friends , people you know … it’s not nice . it’s one of the hardest things . ”

flames destroyed neighbouring farmers nigel and terri thomas’ wheat crop and came within centimetres of their home , but they said they were the lucky ones .

“our hearts just go out to the families who have lost someone . losing crops and things is nothing , absolutely nothing compared to that , ” mrs thomas said .

mr butcher was a well - known farm hand and mechanic described by those who knew him as a “great bloke” .

he had lived in the esperance area for several years and was trying to secure permanent residency .

earlier this month , he was one of many celebrating a melbourne cup get - together at the thomas’ homestead , where he won the sweep , pulling the winning ticket on prince of penzance .

ms winther was an international student of curtin university who graduated with a bachelor of arts in journalism in 2012 and a masters in human rights in 2014 .

she had been working as a cook at the campbell property , while it is believed julia , 19 , was working as a farmhand .

mrs campbell described the tragic circumstances surrounding the incident , saying her husband was fighting fires elsewhere with mr butcher when they decided to return to the home .

but mr butcher and the other two foreign workers decided to leave the property and were caught in flames within several kilometres after making a fateful decision to turn left instead of right at the farm gate .

ms winther , who was in a gay relationship , had interests in education , human rights , civil rights , social action and the environment , according to her linkedin profile .

the human rights graduate was a member of amnesty international lesbian , gay , bi - sexual , transgender , intersex and questioning community action group .

her linkedin profile reveals a beautiful , smart and gifted woman who tragically won’t be able to achieve her research around women’s rights and lgbitq rights .

“i have been actively volunteering at youth help line ( ungdomstelefonen ) — a youth help line service offered by the norwegian ngo queer youth norway ( skeiv ungdom ) since 2012 , ” her profile reads .

“i engaged in several projects with the organisation and joined the international committee that works for diversity and against discrimination based on the grounds of sexual orientation and gender identity internationally .

“my time at queer youth norway has been an invaluable learning experience that reinforced my interest in the fields of human rights , social justice and international relations . ”

the two were found dead with another woman , believed to be a 19 - year - old german woman named julia .

all three were discovered in the same vehicle , just a few kilometres from the farmhouse of their employers , linda and dave campbell .

it is believed they turned left heading towards the fire and were overcome with flames .

their car was discovered on the same road as esperance icon and farmer kym “freddy” curnow’s burnt - out vehicle .

he was believed to be helping direct people away from the fire , and was hailed as a hero by locals .

the two fires have burnt through more than 130 , 000 hectares and the 15 , 000 animals have been lost . but , the worst of it is the human toll . we know tonight that four people have lost their lives in the flames . courtesy channel nine .

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depending on the week ' s assignment , you may have several pages of background reading . this week , you have two pages of background reading .

there are many times when dante will make allusions to classical mythology or figures from the bible ; don ' t worry if you do not recognize some of these details . below you will find a list of some of the main figures that you meet , and with whom you should be familiar before you begin the reading .

cerberus : the three - headed dog guardian of the underworld . you met cerberus in last week ' s readings .

charon : charon steers the boat that ferries the souls of the dead across an underworld river . you met charon in the readings from last week .

homer : legendary greek epic poet ; dante revered him , although he did not have direct access to homer ' s work ( it was only rediscovered in western europe in the later renaissance ) . you learned about homer in the readings from last week .

minos : while alive minos was a king , whose wife , pasiphae , had an affair with a bull , giving birth to the minotaur ; in death , minos was one of the judges of the dead in the underworld .

virgil ( vergil ) : roman poet , author of the epic poem the aeneid . you learned about virgil ' s life in the readings from last week .

modern languages mlll - 2003 . world literature : frametales . laura gibbs , ph . d . this work is licensed under a creative commons license . you must give the original author credit . you may not use this work for commercial purposes . if you alter , transform , or build upon this work , you may distribute the resulting work only under a license identical to this one . page last updated : october 9 , 2004 12 : 48 pm

in the harmonia gardens , the back wall behind the hat - check girl is the wall from the ballroom of the von trapps villa in the sound of music ( 1965 ) .

gene kelly fought to keep michael crawford ' s singing voice , which the producers wanted to dub .

this was the very first film released on home video ( vhs and betamax ) in the us . it was released in fall 1977 by the magnetic video corporation , the first of the 50 original films it licensed from fox . its catalog number was cl - 1001 .

barbra streisand ' s gold - beaded gown in the harmonia gardens scene weighed 40 pounds , and cost $ 8 , 000 . the original design included a 2 - 1 / 2 - foot train , which was removed after she and other dancers tripped over it during rehearsals . the train is visible when streisand starts down the stairs , then disappears .

barbra streisand and walter matthau fought bitterly during filming . he disliked her so intensely that he refused to be around her unless the script required it . he is famously quoted as telling barbra that she " had no more talent than a butterfly ' s fart " . interestingly , he is clearly in the audience at barbra ' s one voice ( 1986 ) concert at her malibu ranch , where invitation - only guests paid $ 5 , 000 per couple to help establish the streisand foundation , which supports numerous charitable organizations . apparently , he did not hold grudges .

leading uk dvd retailer hmv sold more copies of this film from july - september 2008 than it had for the previous ten years . it was attributed to the popularity of wall·e ( 2008 ) , which features clips from this film at several key points .

in the original musical , cornelius hackl and irene molloy sing " it only takes a moment " in the courtroom during horace vandergelder ' s trial . in the movie , they sing the song in union square park . the entire arrest and trial sequence was dropped for the movie version .

the facade of the harmonia gardens still stands as of 2010 on the 20th century - fox lot , though the park across the street is long gone .

danny lockin , who played barnaby in the movie , played the same role live on the st . james theatre stage in new york while the movie was in first - run theaters . sadly , he was murdered a few years later in la .

the set for the harmonia gardens filled an entire sound stage at fox studios and occupied three levels : a dance floor , a main section that surrounded the dance floor and an upper mezzanine . the harmonia gardens sequence took an entire month to shoot .

the scenes set in turn - of - the - last - century yonkers , new york , were actually filmed a few miles up the hudson river , in garrison , ny . yonkers was recreated by putting false fronts on the existing buildings of the small village . the final wedding scene and reprise were shot at the trophy point monument and overlook of the united states military academy in west point , new york .

louis armstrong ' s final film . he was on set for half a day , and filmed all of his shots in one take . in 1964 , his recording of " hello , dolly ! " hit # 1 .

the train car in the final shot of " put on your sunday clothes " is from the strasburg railroad , an active steam museum short line still in existence . the " hello dolly " car is open to the public .

elizabeth taylor was considered for the role of dolly , but she couldn ' t sing . doris day and shirley maclaine ( who played irene molloy in the the matchmaker ( 1958 ) ) were both briefly considered . despite her oscar nomination for best supporting actress in thoroughly modern millie ( 1967 ) , carol channing was never considered for the role because it was felt that she could not carry a film of this stature . channing ' s co - star , julie andrews , turned down the role of dolly .

the ornate glass windows in the background of the harmonia gardens were recycled and used in the main dining room skylights of the ss poseidon in the poseidon adventure ( 1972 ) . egyptian hieroglyphic backgrounds from cleopatra ( 1963 ) completed the poseidon ' s dining room , even though the ship ' s design theme was of the greek god poseidon .

the original broadway production of " hello dolly ! " opened at the st . james theater on january 16 , 1964 and ran for 2844 performances , setting a broadway longevity record . " hello dolly ! " also won the 1964 tony award for the best musical and best score . the original broadway production is the nineteenth longest running show ever as of february , 2013 .

the song " love is only love , " which barbra streisand ' s dolly sings in her bedroom before the harmonia gardens scene , was not in the stage production of " hello , dolly . " " love is only love " was written by jerry herman for the broadway musical " mame " but was cut before the show ' s opening . the song occurred in the story as mame dennis tries to explain falling in love to her pre - teen nephew , patrick . 20th century - fox executives had asked herman to write a new song for the film so they would have a candidate for the academy award for best song , and they were upset that instead of giving them a new song , he palmed them off with a discard from " mame " that , because it had been performed publicly during " mame " ' s out - of - town tryouts , was not eligible for the award .

in the parade scene the ywca marching unit was the award - winning california high school drill team , under the direction of ms . jackie mccauley . the group was selected by twentieth century - fox based on their performance in the hollywood santa claus lane parade on the wednesday evening before thanksgiving day , 1967 . the marching band in white uniforms was the ucla marching band . the band in red and black uniforms was the san fernando valley youth band .

many of the taller building facades constructed on the los angeles front lot of 20th century - fox as part of the outdoor sets ( representing 1890 new york city ) concealed the towers of then - new century city - - constructed on the former back lot of the studio . .

the singing voice of irene molloy was provided by gilda maiken and melissa stafford .

twentieth century - fox had agreed to theatrical impresario david merrick ' s stipulation that its film could not be released while the broadway production was still running . as the show was nearing its fourth year on stage by the time filming got under way , it was assumed that it would have closed by the time the movie was ready for release . however , merrick then replaced his stage actors with an all - black cast led by pearl bailey , an acclaimed move which invigorated the theatre box - office considerably . as a result , the finished film spent a year gathering dust in fox ' s vaults , and only got released after fox had come to a lavish financial arrangement with merrick so that he would waive his stipulation . this added to the film ' s already huge cost and helped make it an even bigger flop . the stage show ran for some seven years , long after the film ' s original release .

hello , dolly ! was the most expensive musical ever produced at the time of the film ' s release .

choreographer michael kidd liked pairing tall girls and short guys together for sex appeal and energy in his works . he got just the opposite with tommy tune , who stood 6 ' 6 " and joyce ames ( ermangarde ) , who was 4 ' 10 " , a near 2 foot height difference . kidd was disinterested with them as a couple , but gene kelly stepped in to help .

michael kidd ( choreographer ) broke his leg during rehearsal while showing a routine to dancers .

michael crawford , who plays cornelius hackl , also played the phantom in the original 1986 west end stage production of " the phantom of the opera " and also in its 1988 broadway production .

in the original musical , vandergelder was supposed to crash a dance number called " be my butterfly , " after which he was arrested and charged with disturbing the peace . dolly visits him in his holding cell at the courthouse , and this is where she sings " so long , dearie . " for the movie , that number was dropped , and dolly sings " so long , dearie " at the train station .

carol channing had originally played dolly in the broadway production , and won a tony award for it . the same year barbra streisand was nominated for the same award for funny girl ( 1968 ) . streisand eventually played both parts , and won an academy award for " funny girl . "

fox reused some of the sets from this film for beneath the planet of the apes ( 1970 ) .

the harmonia gardens sequence ( where the song " hello dolly " is performed ) took an entire month to shoot .

among those who originally tested for the role of gussie grainger / ernestina simple were jo anne worley and peg murray . among those who tested for ambrose kemper was ron rifkin . worley had been a stand - in for carol channing in the original 1964 broadway production . in 1973 she play dolly in a stage production performed in sacramento , california .

according to peter cook , stanley donen was offered the chance to direct this movie but chose to make bedazzled ( 1967 ) instead .

pat finley and sandy duncan made a screen test for the role of minnie .

the film only managed to gross $ 33 . 2 million ( with $ 26 million in theatrical rentals ) against a $ 25 million budget . adjusted for inflation those numbers amount to a $ 216 million gross on a $ 164 million budget in contemporary dollars .

was the # 4 box - office hit of 1969 , earning $ 33 . 2m . adjusted for inflation , that would be more than $ 228m in 2018 .

although gene kelly won golden globe and directors guild nominations for best director , and although hello , dolly ! ( 1969 ) won an oscar nomination for best film , kelly was furious when he did not get an oscar nomination for direction .

marianne mcandrew was the only member of the main cast whose singing was dubbed .

barbra streisand won golden globe and bafta nomination for best actress but did not win an oscar nomination . she had won the best actress oscar the previous year for funny girl ( 1968 ) .

the finale was filmed at west point , ny , on the banks of the hudson river . the church was only a facade built for the film .

the building used for vandergelder ' s hay and feed store now serves as the headquarters of an independent film company called ironbound films .

prior to playing minnie faye in this film e . j . peaker had starred with robert morse in a short - lived ( one season ) sitcom called that ' s life ( 1968 ) . morse had played minnie faye ' s suitor , barnaby , in the 1955 stage production of " the matchmaker " , which " hello , dolly ! " is based on . morse repeated his role in the film version of the matchmaker ( 1958 ) .

though the role of dolly is usually cast closer to the age of her love interest , horace vandegelder , and indeed it is implied that dolly , a widow , is some years older than cornelius hackl and irene malloy , barbra streisand , michael crawford , and marianne mcandrew are all the same age , born in 1942 .

there was a 22 - year gap between barbra streisand and walter mathau , who played dolly levi and horace vandegelder , respectively . streisand was 27 , and mathau 49 when the film was released .

among those who originally tested for the role of gussie grainger / ernestina simple were jo anne worley and peg murray . among those who tested for ambrose kemper was ron rifkin .

two songs from the original broadway production , " i put my hand in " and " motherhood " , were not used in the film version . two songs in the film version , " just leave everything to me " and " love is only love " , were not in the original broadway production .

when she appeared on inside the actors studio , barbra streisand was reluctant to discuss the film other than to acknowledge that she had been far too young for the part of dolly and should never have accepted it .

the only best picture oscar nominee that year to be also nominated for best original or adaptation score .

the only best picture oscar nominee that year not to be nominated in any of the writing categories .

as walter matthau and barbra streisand had notoriously feuded on the set of the film , when it came time to film the ending where horace and dolly kiss at their wedding , because he hated her so much matthau had effectively refused to kiss her . a variation of clever angles and long distance camera shots were able to create a convincing kiss where matthau and streisand ' s faces come close together without actually touching their lips .

there are many problems associated with beating the trifecta . punters probably don’t realise the task they are taking on when they tackle this bet . question 1 : can you predict the 1 - 2 - 3 finishin . . .

there are two groups of punters who invariably go to the races , or their tab agencies , with the percentages piled high against them . they are the backers of favourites and longshots . no matter wh . . .


miresa habenichti is a moth species in the family of limacodidae found in mozambique .

this species has a wingspan of 34 mm and a body length of 18 mm and was named after its collector mr. habenicht from delagoa bay .

miresa habenichti

miresa habenichti <EOT> jahrg . 7 ( 1913 - 1914 ) - internationale entomologische zeitschrift . - biodiversity heritage library

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wichgraf f . 1913 . eine neue äthiopische limacodidae und anderes . - internationale entomologische zeitschrift , guben 7 ( 2 ) : 9—10 ; ( 3 ) : 13—14 ; ( 4 ) : 21—22 .

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to cite this page : myers , p . , r . espinosa , c . s . parr , t . jones , g . s . hammond , and t . a . dewey . 2018 . the animal diversity web ( online ) . accessed at https : / / animaldiversity . org .

disclaimer : the animal diversity web is an educational resource written largely by and for college students . adw doesn ' t cover all species in the world , nor does it include all the latest scientific information about organisms we describe . though we edit our accounts for accuracy , we cannot guarantee all information in those accounts . while adw staff and contributors provide references to books and websites that we believe are reputable , we cannot necessarily endorse the contents of references beyond our control .

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hyopsodus is a genus of extinct odd-toed ungulate mammal of the family hyopsodontidae .

fossils of this genus have been found in north america , especially the bighorn basin region of the united states .

it is believed to have been swift and nimble , living in burrows , and perhaps able to use echolocation .

hyopsodus

hyopsodus <EOT> endocast measurements for hyopsodus ( given in mm , and mm 3 for endocast volume ) .

development of the corpora quadrigemina in ( a ) hyopsodus , ( b ) rhinolophus hipposideros , ( c ) tenrec ecaudatus .

hyopsodus ( mammalia ) from the tepee trail formation ( eocene ) , northwestern wyoming . american museum novitates ; no . 3007

dental measurements of amnh 143783 referred to hyopsodus lepidus ( given in mm ) . measurements are base don the 3d reconstruction of the dentition .

figure 1 . hyopsodus as originally reconstructed ( below ) and as reconstructed here above in two views . this former condylarth now nests with dogs .

figure 2 . miacis , an eocene ancestor to extant dogs , such as canis . note the transverse premaxilla and tiny premaxillary teeth as in hyopsodus .

details - hyopsodus ( mammalia ) from the tepee trail formation ( eocene ) , northwestern wyoming . american museum novitates ; no . 3007 - biodiversity heritage library

citation : orliac mj , argot c , gilissen e ( 2012 ) digital cranial endocast of hyopsodus ( mammalia , “condylarthra” ) : a case of paleogene terrestrial echolocation ? plos one 7 ( 2 ) : e30000 . urltoken

full reference : l . krishtalka . 1979 . paleontology and geology of the badwater creek area , central wyoming . part 18 . revision of late eocene hyopsodus . annals of carnegie museum 48 ( 20 ) : 377 - 389

ty - book ti - hyopsodus ( mammalia ) from the tepee trail formation ( eocene ) , northwestern wyoming . american museum novitates ; no . 3007 ur - urltoken py - 1991 au - flynn , john j . ( john joseph ) , er -

“hyopsodus presents one of the highest encephalization quotients of archaic ungulates and shows an “advanced version” of the basal ungulate brain pattern , with a mosaic of archaic characters such as large olfactory bulbs , weak ventral expansion of the neopallium , and absence of neopallium fissuration , as well as more specialized ones such as the relative reduction of the cerebellum compared to cerebrum or the enlargement of the inferior colliculus [ hearing ] . the detailed analysis of the overall morphology of the postcranial skeleton of hyopsodus indicates a nimble , fast moving animal that likely lived in burrows . ”

although no strict relationship between echolocation and the development of inferior colliculus has been demonstrated in extant terrestrial mammals , the inferior colliculus size in hyopsodus could indicate that the latter used terrestrial echolocation to investigate subterranean environment and / or to minimize predation during nocturnal exploration of the environment as concluded for extant shrews [ 55 ] – [ 57 ] .

@ book { bhl170947 , title = { hyopsodus ( mammalia ) from the tepee trail formation ( eocene ) , northwestern wyoming . american museum novitates ; no . 3007 } , url = urltoken note = urltoken publisher = { } , author = { flynn , john j . ( john joseph ) , } , year = { } , pages = { 0 } , }

reconstructions made after the original cranial endocasts of : ( a ) hyopsodus lepidus ( amnh 143783 ) , ( b ) pleuraspidotherium ( mnhn cr 252 , 963 ; cast amnh 39266 ) ; ( c ) phenacodus ( amnh 4369 ) ; ( d ) meniscotherium ( amnh 49082 ; usnm 19509 ) ; ( e ) arctocyon ( mnhn cr 700 ) , modified after russell and sigogneau ( 1965 ) . not to scale . abbreviations : same as .

reconstructions made after the original cranial endocasts of : ( a ) hyopsodus lepidus ( amnh 143783 ) , ( b ) pleuraspidotherium ( mnhn cr 252 , 963 ; cast amnh 39266 ) ; ( c ) phenacodus ( amnh 4369 ) ; ( d ) meniscotherium ( amnh 49082 ; usnm 19509 ) ; ( e ) arctocyon ( mnhn cr 700 ) , modified after russell and sigogneau ( 1965 ) . not to scale . abbreviations : same as figure 2 .

reconstructions made after the original cranial endocasts of : ( a ) phenacodus ( amnh 4369 ) , ( b ) , meniscotherium ( amnh 49082 ) , ( c ) hyopsodus ( amnh 143783 ) , ( d ) pleuraspidotherium ( mnhn cr 252 , 963 ) , ( e ) arctocyon ( mnhn cr 700 ) , ( f ) cebochoerus ( mnhn 34–1967 ) , ( g ) hyracotherium ( amnh 55267 ) . all specimens normalized on the neopallium length . proportions of the different parts indicated in percent of the total endocast length : black , rhinencephalon ; red , neopallium ; blue , mesencephalon ; green , cerebellum . not to scale .

the most significant feature observed in hyopsodus is the clear delineation of the corpora quadrigemina , and especially the large development of the inferior colliculus . the superior colliculus receives major inputs from the retina but is more than just a visual processing structure . one of its major functions is to localize a stimulus and to cause the animal to orient to the stimulus by moving its neck and / or its eyes [ 44 ] . in contrast to the role of the superior colliculus within the visual system , the inferior colliculus is the principal source of input to the auditory thalamus , which relays auditory information to the primary auditory cortex [ 45 ] . moreover , the inferior colliculus probably also represents a major output to premotor pathways that initiate or regulate sound evoked motor behavior [ 46 ] .

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html public " - / / w3c / / dtd xhtml 1 . 0 transitional / / en " " urltoken "

warning : the ncbi web site requires javascript to function . more . . .

université montpellier 2 , ise - m umr 5554 , montpellier , france . maeva . orliac @ urltoken

specimen illustrated in lateral ( a ) , dorsal ( b ) , and ventral ( c ) views . scale bar = 1 cm .

reconstruction illustrated in left lateral ( a ) , dorsal ( b ) , right lateral ( c ) , ventral with basicranium ( d ) , ventral without basicranium ( e ) , and posterior views . abbreviations : cas , cavernous sinus ; cc , condyloid canal ; cdf , condyloid foramen ; ci , colliculi inferior ; cf , condylar foramen ; cs , colliculi superior ; fl , paraflocculus ; flm , foramen lacerum medium ; flp , foramen lacerum posterius ; fo , foramen ovale ; fp , fissure prima ; hy , hypophysis ; ips , inferior petrosal sinus ; lal , lateral lobe of cerebellum ; las , lateral sinus ( or transverse sinus ) ; los , longitudinal sinus ; mf , mastoid foramen ; mo , medulla oblongata ; ms , mesencephalon ; mv , mastoid vein ; np , neopallium ; ob , olfactory bulb ; oc , occipital condyle ; op , olfactory peduncle ; os , occipital sinus ; ot , olfactory tubercle ; pb , petrosal bone ; pgf , postglenoid foramen ; pil , piriform lobe ; rhp , rhinal fissure ; sc , sinusal canal ; tf , temporal foramen ; ts , temporal sinus ; vc , vermis cerebelli . scale bar = 1 cm .

conceived and designed the experiments : mjo . analyzed the data : mjo ca eg . contributed reagents / materials / analysis tools : mjo ca eg . wrote the paper : mjo ca eg .

this is an open - access article distributed under the terms of the creative commons attribution license , which permits unrestricted use , distribution , and reproduction in any medium , provided the original author and source are properly credited .

a major function of the brain is the maintenance of physiological condition ( homeostasy ) . by collecting and processing sensory information , it insures optimal behavioral responses in a given environment . therefore , several brain structures are molded by the ecophysiological situation of the animal within its niche [ 1 ] – [ 4 ] . the increased use of computed tomography ( ctscan ) recently gave an unprecedented access to internal structures of fossils , and triggered new interest for vertebrate cranial endocast studies ( e . g . , [ 5 ] – [ 14 ] ) . these recent works are building upon fundamental studies performed during the second half of the 20 th century ( e . g . , [ 15 ] – [ 20 ] ) and cranial endocast anatomy is now documented for major mammalians clades .

the brain and associated soft tissues such as meninges , nerves , veins and arteries are sheltered in the neurocranium and leave imprints on its tabula interna . the study of the endocranial cast is the only means to reach an understanding about the nervous and sensory system of extinct species . edinger [ 21 ] and jerison [ 17 ] demonstrated that analysis of mammalian endocasts can provide a good approximation of the relative size of the major encephalic subdivisions and accordingly , comparative studies of fossil mammalian endocasts largely contributed to our knowledge of brain evolutionary history ( e . g . , [ 6 ] , [ 17 ] , [ 22 ] – [ 25 ] ) .

in the history of mammals , ‘condylarthra’ consists of a para – or polyphyletic assemblage of paleocene - eocene early diverging ungulates that potentially played a crucial role in the onset of crown ungulate clades such as perissodactyla , artiodactyla , cetacea , proboscidea , sirenia , and hyracoidea ( e . g . ,

) . the diversity of these groups is also reflected in the disparity of brain morphologies . the phylogenetic relationships of archaic ungulates remain a current topic of investigation . a recent hypothesis of relationships among basal ungulates mammals

simplified phylogenetic relationships among basal ungulates , modified after [ 36 , fig . 11b ] .

the braincase of amnh 143783 is broken in two parts at the base of the olfactory bulbs . the two fragments match perfectly and the neurocranium is complete (

) . the skull has undergone a slight dorso - ventral compression and the braincase is slightly deformed by a lateral shift . measurements of the endocast are provided in

) . the vermis of the cerebellum constitutes the highest point of the brain . the cerebrum is relatively flat compared with the cerebellum . the shape of the cerebrum is correlated to the almost complete absence of telencephalic flexure . the maximal width is at the level of the piriform lobes (

the specimen amnh 143783 gives access to the complete extension of the rhinencephalon . the latter is strongly developed , as it almost represents half of the forebrain . the bulging olfactory lobes are of large size . their combined diameters equal the width of the dorsal roof of the skull in the posterior half of the orbits (

) . the two lobes are elongated and contiguous . they are prolonged by long olfactory fibers spreading into the anterior part of the orbits and beyond ( not reconstructed on the 3d model because of bad preservation of the specimen ) . the olfactory bulbs directly extend the olfactory peduncles . both structures are aligned with the rest of the telencephalon . the location of the olfactory tubercles is not clear on the right side of the skull because of postmortem deformation . it is observable on the left side , although weakly prominent (

) . the piriform lobes represent most of the cerebral hemispheres ; they are visible in dorsal view in the posterolateral part of the cerebrum where they constitute the greatest width of the brain . they are dorsally delimited by the posterior rhinal fissure located in the dorsal third of the cerebrum height . a sinus might be present in the posterolateral part of the piriform lobe , but there is no trace of its anterior extension .

, a considerable portion of the forebrain was missing and the telencephalon was only partially described . especially , the location of the rhinal fissure was unknown . in the specimen described here , the posterior rhinal fissure is shallow but clearly present on both sides of the telencephalon (

) . it is located in the dorsal third of the hemisphere and delimits the posteroventral border of the neopallium . the anterior rhinal fissure is difficult to locate . when present , it is limited to the anteriormost part of the cerebrum and does not abut on the posterior rhinal fissure . the neopallium thus forms a reduced cap on the cerebral hemisphere . the neopallium is smooth or lissencephalic , suggesting that there were no gyri or sulci ( neither the lateral sulcus nor the suprasylvian sulcus ) . only a subtle convexity lays on the dorsoposterior part of the neopallium , slightly posterior to the location of the gyrus 3 described in earliest artiodactyls (

; orliac pers . obs ) . this structure marks the highest point of the cerebrum , with its dorsal part being flat and anteriorly sloping . the neopallium is distinctly narrower in its anterior portion . between the medial margins of the neopallium , the longitudinal sinus in

is deep and clearly sets apart the two cerebral hemispheres . the lateral or transverse sinuses separate just ahead of the superior colliculi .

the posterior limit of the neopallium is far apart from the lobes of the cerebellum , and the tectum of the midbrain is broadly exposed on the dorsal surface . the midbrain exposure is accentuated by the anterior divergence of the two cerebral hemispheres .

the corpora quadrigemina ( colliculi ) are clearly visible . the inferior colliculus is especially important , and its development occupies most of the exposed midbrain . this special feature is also observed in the specimen described by gazin [ 35 ] . on x - ray radiographies , quasi perpendicular to the tabula interna , the tentorium cerebelli is a thick crest of bone separating the cerebrum from the cerebellum .

the cerebellum is large and exhibits a well delimited vermis , cerebellar hemispheres ( lateral lobes ) and paraflocculus . the vermis of the cerebellum is wide and elevated ; its dorsal extension is pointed and reaches the same level as the dorsal face of the telencephalon . the fissura prima is located in the posterior third of the vermis . the cerebellar hemispheres are separated from the cerebrum by a broad and shallow paramedian fissure . the former are moderately developed and not inflated , sloping anteriorly . their dorsal surface is almost flat . in dorsal view , their posterior extension does not reach that of the vermis , with the posterior part of the latter forming a wide bulge . on both ventrolateral surfaces , the paraflocculi are observable . they consist of two rounded and large sized lobes that project outwards , downwards and somewhat backwards .

. the corresponding encephalization quotient ( eq ) calculated with an estimated body mass ( em ) of 630 g ( based on head and body length ) , is of 0 . 36 using the equation proposed by jerison

discussed the problem of estimating body weights of archaic ungulates which greatly differ from extant members of the group . indeed , the body shape and proportions of

are markedly different from those of extant ungulates from which the correlations between dental measurements and body weight are estimated , making it difficult to propose plausible estimates . with its elongated body and relatively short limbs ,

regressions for non - selenodont ungulates using m1 area and m1 length . depending of the formula used , the estimated body weight of amnh 143783 ranges between 412 and 854 g . indeed , differences in body weight estimations have important repercussions on eq estimates (

considers that the use of m1 area overestimates the body mass of basal ungulates because they have larger teeth for their body size than do the average modern ones . this assumption gives more credit to the body weight estimate based on the m1 length ( 412 g ) . given the morphological divergence between

and extant ungulates , we consider a body weight estimate comprised between 326 g and 412 g , which corresponds to an eq between 0 . 48 and 0 . 41 following the equation of

; eq = 0 . 36 ) based on a heavier body weight estimate . according to the eq estimates calculated by jerison

ev , endocast volume ; ebm , estimated body mass ; eq1 , encephalization quotient using radinsky ' s [ 20 ] equation ; eq2 , encephalization quotient using eisenberg ' s [ 39 ] equation .

is rather simple among archaic ungulates . there is no junction between the posterior and anterior rhinal fissures , the location of the latter being even difficult to determine with precision (

, the ventral extension of the neopallium is weak and it does not reach the level of what is interpreted here as a vascular sinus . it is comparable to that of

is devoid of fissures and has no trace of suprasylvia or a lateral sulcus , it only exhibits a slight inflation of the posterior part of the neopallium . the same morphology is observed in

( amnh 48082 ; gazin , 1965 ) , which shows a more important posterior inflation of the neopallium . this is in contrast with the neopallium of

bears a long lateral sulcus and another small more ventral depression possibly representing the suprasylvia . after verification on the original endocasts ( mnhn cr 956 , cr 700 )

is rather advanced as its antero - posterior extension almost covers half of the total length of the brain .

( mnhn cr 700 ) , modified after russell and sigogneau ( 1965 ) . not to scale . abbreviations : same as

and represents more than 40 % of the total brain length . by the proportions of the different parts of its brain ,

midbrain exposure is as important as in other archaic ungulates , but its structure is more derived . the reduction of the cerebrum relative to the total length of the endocast in

is most probably correlated with the development of the inferior colliculi . it is noticeable that the morphology of the vermis itself , with a posterior location of the fissure prima , is primitive

presents one of the highest eqs among archaic ungulates , a statement congruent with the derived general proportions of its brain .

presents an “advanced version” of the basal ungulate brain pattern , with a mosaic of archaic ( large olfactory bulbs , weak ventral expansion of the neopallium , absence of neopallium fissuration ) and highly derived ( relative reduction of the cerebellum compared to cerebrum ; enlargement of the inferior colliculus ) characters .

mammalian echolocation is mostly associated with cetaceans in aquatic environments and bats in aerial environments ( e . g . , microchiroptera and megachiroptera ;

. although discussed , the ecological significance of echolocation in shrews was proposed to aid the search for protective cover or for detecting obstacles in subterranean tunnels . evidence for echolocation by means of tongue clicks has also been observed in three tenrecidae both under experimental and natural conditions , and correlated to nocturnal exploration of new environments

. those two insectivorous mammals , although phylogenetically distant ( e . g . ,

) present a rather simple brain structure . however , like in bats , both show a well developed inferior colliculus ; the latter being largely exposed in the tenrecidae

among edentate placentals , the xenarthra chlamyphorus ( pink fairy armadillo , or “ pichiciego ” which means “short - sighted” ) has a subterranean life . it shows a huge enlargement of the posterior ( inferior ) colliculus [ 43 ] compared to the optic midbrain colliculi . edinger [ 43 ] parallels the peculiar morphology of the brain of chlamyphorus and its highly derived forelimbs , specialized for digging . moreover , she relates the large size of the posterior ( inferior ) colliculus to the unique faculty of chlamyphorus among armadillos to have a “voice” [ 63 ] , [ 64 ] . the fact that this mammal is fossorial suggests that the latter , as shrews and tenrecs , might be another example of underground echolocation in extant terrestrial mammals .

digital reconstruction of amnh 143783 left dentition . a , upper and lower cheek teeth in occlusion , lateral view ; b–d , c - m3 in ( b ) occlusal , ( c ) lingual , ( d ) labial views ; e–f , c - m3 in ( e ) occlusal , and ( f ) lingual views . scale bar = 5 mm .

we are particularly grateful to r . o ' leary for her help and access to the amnh collections . many thanks to j . thostenson and m . hill for access to ct scan facilities and acquisition of the ct scan raw data . this is ise - m publication 2011–151 . this work has been possible thanks to the high resolution ct - scanner facility of the amnh funded by the nsf mr1–r2 0959384 granted to n . landman , co - pis : d . ebel , d . frost .

funding : this work has been conducted with the support of the anr ( erc programme palasiafrica ( anr - 08 - jcjc - 0017 - 01 ) . the funders had no role in study design , data collection and analysis , decision to publish , or preparation of the manuscript .

catania kc . cortical organization in insectivora : the parallel evolution of the sensory periphery and the brain .

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full reference : j . g . eaton . 1982 . contributions to geology , university of wyoming 21 ( 2 )

average measurements ( in mm ) : m1 3 . 80 x 2 . 82

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the superior petrosal sinus is located underneath the cerebellar hemispheres , a continuation of the transverse or lateral sinus system . the posterior part of the sinus system cannot be described because most of the occipital surface of the skull is eroded and the bone is not preserved . the anterior part of the lateral sinus system , or temporal sinus , is partially reconstructed in blue on figure 3 . it extends ventrally and leads to the postglenoid foramen ( path for the external jugular vein ) . dorsally , it leads to several small foramina indicating vascular communication with the temporal surface . posteriorly , the occipital sinus runs external to the petrosal bone and opens on the occipital surface at the level of the mastoid foramen ( path for the mastoid vein ) . ventrally , the petrosal sinus curves slightly forward to the foramen lacerum posterius ( internal jugular vein ) . just ventral to this flexure , and before the sinus reaches the foramen lacerum posterius , a small posterior sinus corresponding to the condyloid canal opens in the internal aspect of the occipital condyle . posteroventral to it , on the side of the medulla oblongata , lies the condylar foramen ( or hypoglossal foramen ) which corresponds to the path of the nerve xii .

ventromedial to the paraflocullus there is the prominence representing the internal auditory meatus with the cast of the facial nerve ( vii ) , and of the auditory nerve ( viii ) located more posteroventrally . the elongated foramen lacerum medium , medial to the internal auditory meatus , connects posteriorly the foramen lacerum posterius by a discrete inferior petrosal sinus . the foramen ovale lies posterolateral to the cavernous sinus and contains the third branch of the trigeminal nerve ( v 3 ) . the surface of the hypophysis or pituitary body cannot be delimited with precision due to deformation and partial preservation of the bone ; however , it might be present on the right side of the specimen , medial to the foramen ovale ( figure 3e ) . the two cavernous sinuses are prominent like in the specimen described by gazin [ 35 ] . they terminate at the position of the posterior aperture to the sphenoidale fissure , and , as suggested by gazin [ 35 ] , comprise a complex of vascular structures and cranial nerves ( iii to vi except v 3 ) .

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an odd - toed ungulate , despite having a five - clawed manus and a four - clawed pes . wikipedia also promotes this nesting , but unlike most ungulates , they report ,

over to the condylarthra adds nearly 30 steps . those tiny feet beneath that long and wide body do not look to me like they could be used to excavate burrows or climb trees . plus that short tail and long torso are not typical of climbing animals .

figure 3 . canis lupus , the wolf that gave rise to extant dogs through selective breeding . note the five phalanges on the manus and four on the pes .

( mammalia , “condylarthra” ) : a case of paleogene terrestrial echolocation ? plosone v . 7 ( 2 ) ; 2012pmc3277592

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the long-tailed forest shrew ( myosorex longicaudatus ) is a species of mammal in the family soricidae endemic to south africa .

its natural habitats are mediterranean-type shrubby vegetation and swamps .

long - tailed forest shrew

long - tailed forest shrew <EOT> wikipedia article copyright notice : this article is licensed under the gnu free documentation license . it uses material from the wikipedia article " long - tailed forest shrew " .

glenn , c . r . 2006 . " earth ' s endangered creatures - long - tailed forest shrew facts " ( online ) - licensed article from wikipedia : the free encyclopedia . accessed

facts summary : the long - tailed forest shrew ( myosorex longicaudatus ) is a species of concern belonging in the species group " mammals " and found in the following area ( s ) : south africa .

the forest shrew is a mottled , medium - sized shrew . colouration is grey - brown to dark grey - brown . head and body length is about 83 mm , with a relative short tail of about 45 mm . weighs on average 12 grams . first described to science in 1832 from port elizabeth .

the forest shrew is an opportunistic feeder , taking a great variety of invertebrates like beetles , grasshoppers , termites , moths , spiders , millipedes and earthworms . in turn , it is preyed upon by the barn owl , water mongoose , african weasel and the striped polecat .

all forests in south africa are protected by law , although the degree to which they are protected may vary . this species is also present in protected areas such as the diepwalle forest reserve and tzutzu kama coastal park .

this species is relatively common in suitable habitat . the highest numbers of individuals are found at the forest edge ( dippenaar , 1995 ) . population numbers seems to fluctuate and there is an example of a survey finding no specimens in an area where a previous survey had caught quite high numbers .

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gland , switzerland , 5 july 2018 ( iucn ) – australia’s unique reptiles – including lizards and snakes – face severe threats from invasive species and climate change , with 7 % of th . . .

the value of medicinal and aromatic plant trade has increased three - fold in the past 20 years , but traditional harvesting practices are being replaced by less sustainable alternatives . . . .

a recently released iucn technical brief recommends increasing investments in sustainable land management practices , as well as better cooperation between agriculturalists and conservationists to conse . . .

amori , g . ( small nonvolant mammal red list authority ) & cox , n . ( global mammal assessment team )

justification : listed as vulnerable because its area of occupancy is less than 2 , 000 km² , its distribution is severely fragmented , and there is continuing decline projected in the extent and quality of its habitat .

myosorex longicaudatus is known from the southeastern parts of the cape province , south africa . this species was only discovered in 1978 . this species generally occurs at elevations up to 2 , 000 m asl . a population of the subspecies myosorex longicaudatus boosmai from the langeberg mountains , occurs at much higher elevations ( up to 3 , 600 m asl ) than any other known populations ( dippenaar 1995 ) .

m . longicaudatus is found in forests , forests edges , fynbos and boggy grassland . this species needs a moist microhabitat . it is restricted to pristine primary habitat that has not been degraded .

climate change is considered to be the principal threat to this species . habitat in neighbouring areas is arid and unsuitable for this species which depends on a moist habitat . because of this m . longicaudatus would not be able to move to other areas if the climate in its current range became unsuitable . it is thought that coastal populations might be at less risk than non - coastal populations . the moist habitat of this species is fragmented .

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at higher altitudes the breeding season may be delayed for a month , due to lower ambient temperatures . at normal altitudes the breeding season lasts for seven months , starting in september and ending in march . litter sizes vary between two and five young . these shrews have an advanced maternal care behavioural pattern . nipple - clinging is practiced by the young for the first five to six days . this behaviour is replaced firstly by clustering of young , and then to the formation of a chain , called ' caravanning ' . caravanning entails each offspring gripping the the tail of the preceding sibling in its mouth , thus following the foraging mother like a caravan . weaning takes place between 20 - 25 days after birth .

predominantly nocturnal , showing a sharp rise in activity at dusk and sharp decline at dawn . extremely cautious when leaving the shelter . like most shrews , it is remarkably aggressive . the insides of its burrows and nests are spherical . nests are constructed from grass , and equipped with two to four entrances .

endemic to the eastern regions of south africa and lesotho . found in a variety of vegetation types , ranging from vegetation associated with permanent water on the highveld , to montane grasslands and primary forests .

kari pihlaviita added the finnish common name " pitkähäntähiistäinen " to " myosorex longicaudatus meester and dippenaar , 1978 " .

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for the first time in history , a captive cheetah has successfully given birth to eight healthy cubs . it is said that only around 10 , 000 cheetahs remain in the wild in africa along with 100 or fewer in iran .

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mammal species of the world : a taxonomic and geographic reference , 2nd ed . , 3rd printing

mammal species of the world : a taxonomic and geographic reference , 3rd ed . , vols . 1 & 2

with contributions by bernadette n . graham , adam p . potter , and mariana m . upmeyer

disclaimer : itis taxonomy is based on the latest scientific consensus available , and is provided as a general reference source for interested parties . however , it is not a legal authority for statutory or regulatory purposes . while every effort has been made to provide the most reliable and up - to - date information available , ultimate legal requirements with respect to species are contained in provisions of treaties to which the united states is a party , wildlife statutes , regulations , and any applicable notices that have been published in the federal register . for further information on u . s . legal requirements with respect to protected taxa , please contact the u . s . fish and wildlife service .

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to cite this page : myers , p . , r . espinosa , c . s . parr , t . jones , g . s . hammond , and t . a . dewey . 2018 . the animal diversity web ( online ) . accessed at https : / / animaldiversity . org .

disclaimer : the animal diversity web is an educational resource written largely by and for college students . adw doesn ' t cover all species in the world , nor does it include all the latest scientific information about organisms we describe . though we edit our accounts for accuracy , we cannot guarantee all information in those accounts . while adw staff and contributors provide references to books and websites that we believe are reputable , we cannot necessarily endorse the contents of references beyond our control .

this material is based upon work supported by the national science foundation grants drl 0089283 , drl 0628151 , due 0633095 , drl 0918590 , and due 1122742 . additional support has come from the marisla foundation , um college of literature , science , and the arts , museum of zoology , and information and technology services .