dancing maid ( 29 april 1975 – 1982 ) was a french thoroughbred racehorse and broodmare .

after winning one of her two races as a two-year-old she emerged as one of the best fillies in europe in 1978 , winning the prix vanteaux , poule d'essai des pouliches , prix chloe and prix vermeille .

she also finished a close second in the classic epsom oaks and third in europe 's most prestigious all-aged race , the prix de l'arc de triomphe .

she was retired from racing after one unsuccessful start as a four-year-old .

she was not a success as a broodmare .

dancing maid

dancing maid <EOT> all comments can be found from here : comments for dancing _ maid . swf

lonely maid dancing with a broom dressed as a man . full body isolated .

pennywise the clown dancing t . . . pennywise dancing uploaded by derptastic derp man

lonely housewife or maid dancing with her broom , imagining it is a man . full body isolated on white .

maid cleaning up and dancing on gray background royalty free cliparts , vectors , and stock illustration . image 7022610 .

dr . giy ' s pre - made me is a 52 cm tall dancing robot maid ( photo : dr . giy )

performance of the maid of the mill - international team white , newcastle festival , 2007 .

performance of the maid of the mill - ladies international team , newcastle rscds festival , 2016 .

7 . red tracer ( dane shadow - kisma ) australasian foundation mare hebrew maid 13 - b .

performance of the maid of the mill - scottish country dance international team black , newcastle festival , 2010 .

leisure : theatre royal bath - thu , the tragedy of " oroonoko " , with " the musical lady " & dancing ; sat , " the west indian " with " the ghost " & dancing .

djebellica has both dr devious ( epsom derby ) and dancing rain ( epsom oaks ) decending from her .

the boss claims she filmed the ordeal in case she was accused of killing the maid , according to the independent .

dancing rain is a daughter of danehill dancer and pierro ' s dam is by daylami from the mill reef sireline .

gould , j . e . themiller ' s maid . oliver ditson , boston , monographic , 1846 . notated music . urltoken

psychobarney : i ' ll be honest . i was hoping for a dancing mad pun . and that the maid was actually kefka . i feel like he ' d be into that kind of thing ( november 3 , 2012 , 1 : 06 am )

pennywise dancing , also known as pennywise can dance to anything , is a video remix series featuring a camera - recorded clip of the antagonist pennywise from the 2017 supernatural horror film it dancing with a variety of humorous songs dubbed over the background audio .

then you have the dancing show cross . one could be one world from the 5 - h family and carrying a line of 5 - i . you find danehil 3m x 4m bletchingly 5m , 5f x 4m and dancing show 4m x 5f .

one of the maid groups’ key assertions has been that rather than being a “burden” , domestic helpers are a key backbone of the economy .

“our role is to mould them to become more patient , more understanding , more responsible with regards to their employers . employers want a truthful maid”

stallions : hail to reason ( c . 1958 - 1976 ) , stymie ( c . 1941 - 1962 ) broodmares : dancing maid ( f . 1975 - 1982 ) , gold river ( f . 1977 - 1986 ) , pistol packer ( f . 1968 - 1986 )

true , one must give credit to shergar for his record - breaking derby win at epsom but he still did not display the breath taking acceleration dancing brave produced against the type of opposition dancing brave beat in the arc . debatably , shergar also was simply not the same horse in september and it was to dancing brave ' s credit that he won the arc after 4 breath taking big races .

uhn began receiving requests for maid in march 2016 , after it had been decriminalized but before bill c - 14 became law . in the first year , march 8 , 2016 to march 8 , 2017 , there were 74 maid inquiries at uhn , says an article , co - authored by dr . li and published in the new england journal of medicine . a total of 29 of those inquiries proceeded to assessment , 25 were approved and 19 received maid .

in late july . as a group one winner she carried a seven pound weight penalty and finished second , beaten two lengths by dancing rocks .

whatever you call it , there’s no argument about the artistry of this amazing new robot . the robot’s build is based on a popular disney character called drossel , from the fireball anime . and what’s with the maid outfit , you ask ? well , maid outfits are popular and considered very cute in japanese culture .

" we know that the bulk of maid requests are on the basis of psychological suffering , " says dr . li , noting that the public expectation was that pain would be the primary motivator . " i think there ' s just a kind of patient who wants maid , who is actually going to be helped by maid because there isn ' t either time , or they ' re not able to explore death and dying in a way that will relieve their psychological distress .

dancing brave was now firm favorite for the 2000 guineas . his chief opponents were huntingdale , the dewhurst stakes winner and green desert , the season ' s subsequent champion sprinter . hail to roberto set the pace from green desert till three furlongs from home where green desert took up the running . up to this point dancing brave lay a handy fourth . with two furlongs to go dancing brave quickened in magnificent style to win by 3 lengths from green desert .

dancing brave is the only horse in racing to win the combination of the 2 , 000 guineas , the king george , the eclipse and the arc .

dr . giy ' s maid - like robot pre - made me was built entirely by hand and took more than a year to complete ( photo : dr . giy )

gould , j . e . ( 1846 ) themiller ' s maid . oliver ditson , boston , monographic . [ notated music ] retrieved from the library of congress , urltoken

gould , j . e . themiller ' s maid . oliver ditson , boston , monographic , 1846 . notated music . retrieved from the library of congress , < urltoken > .

a terrified maid pleaded for help as she dangled from a seven - story building , but her employer just filmed as she lost her grip and plummeted down , the shocking footage shows .

as a preliminary to the arc , dancing brave was entered in the goodwood stakes . he lay in fourth place for most of the race and with two furlongs to go , greville asked his mount to respond . dancing brave overtook the long - time leader ozo paulo to win by merciless 12 lengths . the colt had broken the course record .

however , dr . li , who conducts separate debriefs with families , caregivers and uhn staff after maid has been administered , says the reality for most families is not as straightforward as that .

although dancing brave had equal natural ability and possibly greater finishing speed ( like he showed in the arc ) to mill reef he did not equal mill reef ' s consistency , ability to win in all types of going ( dancing brave never won on soft ground ) and ability to run away from a top - class field over a mile and a half .

australasian blue hen - has dancing show been mentioned ? dam of umatilla and hurricane sky and 2nd dam of redoute ' s choice , manhattan rain , platinum scissors and al maher .

see above for star of giselle and red tracer both belonging to the hebrew maid family which is closely related to the 13 - a of juliet and 13 - c of wilkes or mr prospector .

it is possible that race goers may never witness the likes of dancing brave again . he was simply a horse that came once in a lifetime - the closest to a complete racehorse .

dancing brave made a winning debut in the dorking stakes trouncing the opposition by 3 lengths . he followed this with a victory in the soham house stakes . he accelerated brilliantly furlong and a half from home to defeat northern amethyst and lassagne . however , at the end of the season , dancing brave was rated 11 lb . below huntingdale , the william hill dewhurst stakes winner .

in the blue riband , dancing brave was settled three from rear for most of the race . normrue set the pace followed by aracara , miss naas , faraway dancer and vice - chancellor , with shahrastani tucked in fifth place . up to tattenham corner the placing ' s remained the same with dancing brave still lying three from the rear and more than 12 lengths behind the leader .

blumenschein , w . l . thedairy maid . newhall & co . , geo . d . , cincinnati , monographic , 1880 . notated music . retrieved from the library of congress , < urltoken > .

dancing brave now became a firm 5 - 2 favorite for the epsom derby . a lot of racing experts could not believe a horse possessing the colt ' s speed could stay the derby course .

25 weanlings include siblings to russian revolution , unencumbered and black minx , plus the progeny of stakes - winning dams including dorf command , echo maid , impetuous , lilakyn , lovemelikearock , sweet sanette and walk alone .

dancing brave was schooled at guy harwood ' s stable in pulborough . harwood started preparing the colt as a two year old in may and in august 1985 started a rigorous training programme for his colt .

the only colt which nijinsky beat which compared in stature to dancing brave ' s middle - distance opponents in the king george and arc in stature was gyr , whom nijinsky vanquished in the epsom derby .

his sire lyphard , was an outstanding miler by the great northern dancer , the greatest sire if the century . lyphard , had already produced stalwarts like 1979 arc winner , three troikas , as well as , 1978 prix vermeille winner , dancing maid . on his dam side navajo princess had won eight grade races while her sire drone produced 44 stakes winners . these included , lady capulet , the irish 1 , 000 guineas winner .

i believe in the arc he could have been beaten by dancing brave . even had nijinsky been fully fit and beaten sassafras by 3 lengths in the arc that win could not be rated on par to dancing brave ' s conquering of the french champion bering , who was a far superior horse to sassafras ( sassafras won the french derby by only 3 / 4 of a length and was a 20 to one outsider in the arc in contrast to bering who won the french derby in record time and was second favorite - an equivalent for france to what dancing brave was to in in the middle - distance races in britain ) .

" people are curious , " she says , noting that she ' d love to tell her family ' s story more publicly , without anonymity , but feels public opinion is so polarized on maid that a backlash would ensue .

very few people could predict at that time that this colt would emerge as a superstar . the colt was to be called dancing brave who went on to become one of the 20th century ' s racing legends .

dancing brave beat superior opposition to mill reef as a three year old but in the epsom derby ( pulled away by 2 lengths from linden tree ) , eclipse ( beat caro by 4 lengths a superior horse to tryptich ) and king george ( beat ortis by 6 lengths compared to dancing brave ' s 3 / 4 length win over shardari ) , the reef was more impressive , showing greater staying ability . only in the arc did dancing brave perhaps stage a more impressive performance . mill reef was vastly superior as a two year old and his prix ganay performance as a 4 year old was amongst the best victories ever scored in europe .

i believe that on merit when evaluating the record ' s of great horses , dancing brave should be regarded as the epsom derby winner , as it lost due to what was possibly not his fault ( jockey greville starkey gave him no chance placing him more than 12 lengths behind at the bend . dancing brave would have had to perform a miracle to win . i can ' t believe even sea bird could have won from there ) .

yet recruiters , or their affiliate loan agencies , sometimes charge fees equivalent to 90 per cent of a maid ' s monthly pay , says tellez , who holds seminars on sundays with hong kong helpers victimised by aggressive and unlicensed loan sharks .

hong kong’s housing crunch has also squeezed families into smaller flats , leaving little space for helpers to sleep in . providing adequate accommodation is a prerequisite to hiring a maid under the labour contract , but labour advocates say many employers flout this .

" he was always very clear . he didn ' t look back and he wasn ' t going to change his mind . " the thing he was most upset about was that he had to wait 10 days after requesting maid . "

“as soon as they enter the training centre , they have different attitudes , ” she says . “our role is to mould them to become more patient , more understanding , more responsible with regards to their employers . employers want a truthful maid .

accomplishments : the leesley’s established a dynasty by breeding their greyhound wild queen cannon to john pesek’s hall of famer just andrew * . one of the descendants , wilful maid , produced several outstanding litters for the haughn kennel . the kennel set a record of six victories in a single 10 - race program on april 8 , 1939 in st . petersburg . in 1951 , the kennel produced a “miracle” litter of 11 grade a greyhounds . there were no current , dancing maid , free speech , worry free , recording , extra copy , no funds , low cost , no design , time control , and dance fund . other outstanding racers were jubilant judge , jovial judy , jacob’s jacket , jambar joe and jay - jay .

the amahs’ loyalty and service to multiple generations of the family formed part of the notion of a “superior servant” , according to american professor of anthropology nicole constable , who wrote maid to order , a seminal and authoritative account of hong kong domestic helpers .

the programme for fleadh nua 2012 will include concerts , céilithe , sessions , street and gig - rig entertainment , irish language classes , set dancing competitions , sean - nós dancing competitions and performances , story telling , singers club and much more . most of the activities are as always free of charge with the main concerts taking place in glor and cois na habhna where the opening also takes place at 7 . 30 p . m . on sunday 20th may .

book . print | 118 p . illus . 16 cm . | by elias howe , assisted by several eminent professors of dancing . ( statement of responsibility ) . available also through the library of congress web site as . . .

law cites other downsides to helpers living outside the employer’s home : the employer having to worry about a helper ' s safety as she is unsupervised , the high cost of paying for her rent and a maid finding time for romance and then getting pregnant .

the obvious choice would be denman from your female line which crosses sir tristram 5m x 5f and market maid 3f x 4f and biscay 5m x 5m . this is a dearer option though but does give you the vain and lonhro missing in your pedigree .

bold inn and vouch safe set the pace a long way ahead of dahistan ( pacemaker for shahrastani ) , shardari , shahrastani , with dancing brave three from the rear alongside petoski . trypitch lay last struggling to cope with the pace . on coming into the straight dahistan had taken the lead followed by shahrastani with shardari making a challenge on the inside . a furlong and a half from home , shardari had moved into the lead at which point pat eddery pushed dancing brave .

thus , dancing brave was possibly superior in natural ability having beaten better opponents in a more impressive manner at his best but in most of the races nijinsky performed marginally better ( like in the guineas , epsom derby and king george ) .

biography . book . print | 130 p . 18 cm . | comp . by e . h . kopp . containing , in addition to explanations of all modern dances in general use , full directions for calling and dancing . . .

on september 11th , youtuber except uploaded a compilation of pennywise dancing remixes ( shown below , left ) . meanwhile , youtuber jynn uploaded a montage of clips in which pennywise dances to various children ' s songs ( shown below , right ) .

the footage shows the maid gripping the balcony and crying , “hold me , hold me , ” but her kuwaiti boss just replies , “crazy , come , ” before the woman’s hand slips and she falls , landing on a metal awning not far from the ground .

it ' s that time of the year again when ennis comes alive to the sound of traditional music , song and dance as it plays host to the 20th ennis trad festival . as always there is a huge programme of events with master classes returning this year in fiddle , flute , banjo , accordion and whistle . for the dancers there is a céilí with the four courts céilí band , a sean - nós dancing workshop with suzanne leahy and a set - dancing workshop with geraldine greene .

dancing in ilmington underwent a series of revivals , with resulting variations in the dancing : hence the alternative versions . " the modern side was started in 1974 largely with men with connections with the village , or from shipston - on - stour . in 1899 sam bennett had the horse made which the side still uses . it was preserved in the village by the village school during the period before the current side was started . this is the only traditional horse with close connections to traditional morris . "

on returning home , dancing brave got a tremendous reception - that of a superstar . he was next to run in the breeders championship in america , the equivalent of a world championship in flat racing . dancing brave was such a superstar that it was the question of by how much he would win , rather than whether he would win . his trainer described him to be in great shape . it appeared that nothing could stop the emperor from seizing the crown , who now had the image of a hollywood star .

after another long break , gay mecene returned on 10 september for the prix niel over 2200m at longchamp . on this occasion , freddy head employed different tactics , restraining the colt towards the rear of the ten runner field before making his challenge in the straight . he moved up to contest the lead in the last 200m and won by a short head from noir et or , with the pair finishing five lengths clear of the prix du jockey - club runner - up frere basile in third . gay mecene was regarded as a major contender for france ' s most valuable and prestigious race , the prix de l ' arc de triomphe over 2400m at longchamp on 1 october and starting the 4 / 1 third favourite , coupled in the betting with his stable companion dancing maid . ridden by jean - claude desaint ( freddy head opted to ride dancing maid ) , gay mecene was held up at the back of the field and was still only sixteenth of the eighteen runners on the final turn . he made steady progress in the straight but never threatened the leaders and finished eighth behind alleged .

she was speaking at a helpers’ training camp in paranaque city , manila , on a hot afternoon in late february , where she was preparing for a job in hong kong , following a two - year stint in 2012 as a maid in abu dhabi , capital of the united arab emirates .

the 78 - year - old patient , diagnosed two years earlier with advanced lung cancer and told two months prior that it had metastasized to his brain , was in palliative care at princess margaret cancer centre , surrounded by his loving family , when medical assistance in dying ( maid ) was administered .

ground harper set the pace from bold arrangement for most of the race with dancing brave settled comfortably in fifth place . triptych lay in the rear till the straight . on entering the straight , bold arrangement seized the lead and two furlongs from home , trypitch came with a devastating run to snatch the lead with dancing brave on the inside . greville switched his colt now to the outside to give him room and urged him . dancing brave effortlessly burst into the lead and spared 4 lengths to trypitch at the winning post . it was a magnificent sight for racegoers to watch this colt ' s great acceleration and effortless strides . it was reminiscent of mill reef beating caro , by the same margin , 15 years ago . the colt ' s trainer guy harwood was now convinced that he was the best horse he had ever trained .

with her dad ' s death set for a monday , the focus became on saying goodbye . he loved saturday nights , music and dancing , so on his final saturday night she brought her ipad to his hospital room . they played his old favourites from the 1950s and ' 60s , including guy lombardo and his royal canadians , and reminisced about when he was a boy , his parents and dancing with her mom . she also fed him chocolate cake , something he ' d been unable to eat over the past decade or more due to his diabetes .

one registered nurse tells the group how she decided to work as a maid when her father got sick . she clutches her piece of paper with quivering hands as if what she has drawn - a small house , a happy family , money to go around – might never materialise if she lets it go .

fleadh nua will celebrate the year of the gathering with a special concert , honouring brendan mulkere , a musician and teacher who has played a major role in the promotion and development of irish traditional music in london for more than 30 years . this concert will take place at the west county on sat 25th may at 8pm . also included on the programme for fleadh nua 2013 will be the usual concerts , céilithe , sessions , street and gig - rig entertainment , irish language classes , set dancing competitions , sean - nós dancing competitions and performances , story telling , singers club and much more .

while her dad may not have wanted the reflection period , she says it was vital to the family . she admits , even though he made clear on several occasions that he supported maid , to being " stunned " when her dad called the family together in his hospital room one afternoon and calmly told them his decision .

stallions : nearctic ( c . 1954 - 1973 ) , your host ( c . 1947 - 1961 ) , t . v . commercial ( c . 1965 - 1996 ) broodmares : maid of flight ( f . 1951 ) , venomous ( f . 1953 - 1976 ) other : kelso ( g . 1957 - 1983 )

in the one month notice period she had left working with the couple , maricel had just one day off each week to find a new employer . agencies told her employers did not want to hire a maid who “broke contract” as it could be seen as a sign she is problematic or could again quit after just a few months .

another , sheila , used to be a maid in taiwan but was forced to work in a factory by her employer without extra pay , and sleep just four hours a night . she took the case to a labour tribunal and received compensation . hoping to have better luck in hong kong , she draws on paper her dream home and money for her parents .

dr . madeline li , a psychiatrist in the department of supportive care at princess margaret cancer centre and an architect of uhn ' s maid framework , acknowledges the black and white nature of public discourse – strong opinions in favour and opposed with little middle ground – on the subject of medical assistance in death as federal legislation was being drafted and put into effect .

as a three - year - old , he made a winning debut as a three - year - old , despite facing heavy going . syllvene set the pace from illuminer and flying dancer with dancing brave lying in 5th place . with two furlongs to go the colt flew past the leaders to win by 2 1 / 2 lengths .

uhn ' s maid framework consists of three teams – clinical , assessment and intervention – and includes a 10 - day reflection period for the patient following the request . death is by injection of intravenous drugs in the hospital . a multidisciplinary quality committee provides oversight , reports metrics annually to the medical advisory committee , and stewards data for use in quality assessment and research .

on the monday , two members of the intervention team , who had been in regular contact throughout the maid process explaining it , answering questions and offering support , were in the room . with the family gathered around his bedside , holding hands , the doctor who gave him the injection asked her dad to tell a joke " and midway through he went to sleep .

as the race started , darara was the first to lead from baby turk , nemain , dahistan and aracara . after two furlongs , archenango stormed into the lead with dancing brave lying third from rear tracking bering . as the race progressed , baby turk went on to set the pace from nemain , archenango , darara , shahrastani and shardari .

the presentation on prizes will be made on saturday night at 9 . 30 pm in the clubhouse and all are welcome . john giles will be on hand to present the prizes and will be only too willing to sign autographs or pose for photographs . there will be finger food and dancing so come along to what promises to be a great night .

this beautiful filly is the full sister to hrh prince charles who had an outstanding show record last year as a two year old with two high finishes at the celebration . she is out of former successful show mare generator’s maid of honor . her 2nd dam also produced such show horses as nine ladies dancing , o’hare , pick up line , and prize money . her 3rd dam produced multi world and world grand champion she’s legal tender , cashed , cashew , generator’s ode to joy , and miss lady liberty . this filly has an outstanding mare line production record . walk time charlie’s first crop made a huge impact in the show ring in 2016 . all the guess work is done here . this filly will make a top prospect for any owner and trainer .

sundays are a happy occasion for many helpers as they get to enjoy one day off from work , singing , dancing , eating food from their homeland and telling stories . filipinos typically congregate in parks and overpasses in central , while many indonesian maids mass in victoria park and kowloon . maids of other nationalities meet in smaller parks , ngo centres and market districts in hong kong .

swigert burials : prince charlie ( c . 1869 , unmarked ) , salvatore ( 1886 - 1909 ) , virgil ( c . 1864 - 1886 , unmarked ) , zorilla ( 1882 ) gluck burials : honor maid ( f . 1972 - 1995 ) , newfoundland ( 1978 - 1996 ) , protagonist ( c . 1971 - 1976 ) , speak john ( c . 1958 - 1980 ) , verbatim ( c . 1965 - 1991 )

sea bird ' s beating of great horses like reliance , diatome , alinin , meadow court etc . . . by a devastating 6 lengths in the 1965 arc definitely put ' s him ahead . ribot scores over dancing brave for displaying the fitness and consistency he showed being unbeaten in 16 starts in 3 seasons and winning 3 big races out of his own country when travelling for horses was almost unknown .

make no mistake , she says , it ' s not easy . in addition to the deep sadness of knowing her dad was in steady decline and so close to death , there was the anxiety of managing his expectations – once he asked for maid , he was ready to die rather than go through the required 10 - day reflection period – and the unease for the entire family of not knowing how his final days would play out .

but not all kids are going to be excited by robot slugging it out in the ring . for those kids , some other form of competition ( or non - competition ) may be just the ticket : perhaps gymnastics , or maybe dancing , as so skillfully demonstrated here . kudos to dr . giy for applying his world - class skill in a new direction , and providing fresh inspiration to hobbyists everywhere .

it ' s that time of the year again when the ennis trad festival takes place and this year moroney ' s will have six consecutive days of music to celebrate the festival . as always there is a huge programme of events from cd launches , master classes in fiddle , accordion , concertina , flute , sean nos dancing and singing , teen trad disco , trad quiz and of course the pub session trail .

on entering the straight swinburn improved shahrastani ' s position snatching the lead two furlongs from home . on entering the straight greville starkey urged dancing brave , but the colt took time to settle into his stride . with two furlongs to go , dancing brave produced a devastating burst , perhaps never witnessed in the epsom derby before running the last furlong in a record 11 . 2 seconds . however , tragically he failed to catch shahrastani by a neck . there was no doubt in my mind and that of several racing experts that the colt had been kept far too behind the leaders at tattenham corner to stand any chance of winning . it was almost certainly the error on the part of the jockey that the brave lost his unbeaten tag in the derby . he was possibly the unluckiest loser or the best horse not to win the blue riband .

in the king george vi and queen elizabeth diamond stakes , europe ' s premiere race for middle distance horses , shahrastani stared favorite at odds of 11 to 10 , after a smashing 8 - length irish derby victory . dancing brave was second favourite . the other principal opponents were trypitch , shardari , the 1986 champion older horse and petoski , the 1985 champion middle - distance horse ( the previous king george winner ) .

dancing brave was retired to the dalham hall stud in england for 14 million pounds . he was later exported to japan . in 1993 he performed the outstanding feat of producing the epsom derby winner , commander in chief , the irish oaks winner , wemyss bight and the italian derby winner , white muzzle . however in japan he fell considerably ill contracting a disease and eventually died in 1999 . it was a great loss to racing .

although the brave did not by beat shergar ' s record - breaking epsom derby performance i rate him superior as a middle - distance horse to the shergar . shergar never faced horses like bering ( timeform rating of 136 ) and shahrastani ( timeform rating of 135 ) and i even rate trypitch far superior to madam gay ( shergar beat madam gay in the king george by 4 lengths - the same margin dancing brave beat trypitch ) .

after settling into his stride , the colt gave an electrifying burst and like a flash of lightning passed shardari and appeared to be sailing for home . however , shardari came back at him and at the line dancing brave had 3 / 4 of a winning margin to spare . however , the acceleration the colt displayed a furlong from home made his performance compare with great champions of the past like ribot , mill reef , nijinsky and shergar .

there is a bit of confusion about this robot’s name , which in japanese is written プリメイド・ｍｅ . gizmag has translated this as “pre - made me , ” but after chatting with some japanese friends , i think it should be “pre maid me” — where “pre” stands for “pretty . ” ( this is just the sort of thing that happens when a japanese speaker borrows some english , shortens it , renders it in japanese , and then we attempt to translate it back into english . )

three weeks later , dancing brave was to run in the eclipse stakes at sandown . here , he faced trypitch , the champion race mare who had been placed in 18 group one races all over the world , including dual coronation cup victories , as well as wins in the irish 2 , 000 guineas and the champion stakes . his other opponents were teleprompter , the arlington million winner and bold arrangement , the kentucky derby winner , the previous year .

may 4 , 1935 owing to the proximity of the jubilee celebrations , the annual may day revels at shipston were curtailed on wednesday , but in spite of this a large crowd assembled in the high street to watch the proceedings . the weather was dull and showery , but this did not dampen the ardour of those taking part , or the spectators who took a lively interest in the dancing . a start was made at one oclock , when a programme of maypole and morris dancing was given under the direction of sam bennett , attired in smock and beribboned hat . a gaily decorated lorry made an imposing " throne " for the may queen , doreen hooper , who looked charming in her robes of white silk . her maids of honour were muriel bailey , phyllis carter , jessie davies , marion hunt , hazel hancox and margaret rose . the crowning of the may queen was performed by mrs baring gould .

there are about twenty dances from ilmington , of which many go back to the nineteenth century . the basis of the tradition is the work of cecil sharp and mary neal in the first twenty years of this century who collected from many sources including sam bennett in ilmington . this was extended by other collectors , and published by the morris ring in lionel bacon ' s ' black book ' . the best known of these dances is the linked handkerchief dance ' maid of the mill ' .

as far as his comparison with nijinsky , there is no doubt that he perhaps had superior talent but overall his achievements did not equal those of nijinsky , who has the best statistic record by an racehorse of the century winning the triple crown in addition to the irish derby and king george . dancing brave at his best in the 1986 arc displayed greater acceleration as well as faced better opponents , but failed to surpass nijinsky in consistency or ability to stay .

it ' s that time of the year again when the fleadh nua returns ennis for the 37th consecutive year . first held in 1970 the fleadh has been held in ennis every year since 1975 and although it does not draw the huge crowds off old it still a very important commercial and tourist attraction for the town . as usual there will céilithe , music , song and dancing workshops , street entertainment and of course the parade through the streets on sunday 28th .

it ' s that time of the year again when the fleadh nua returns to the capital of the banner county . first held in 1970 the fleadh has been held in ennis every year since 1975 and although it does not draw the huge crowds off old it still a very important commercial and tourist attraction for the town . as usual there will céilithe , music , song and dancing workshops , street entertainment and of course the parade through the streets on sunday 30th .

on entering the straight , baby turk led from nemain with shahrastani improving on the inside and shardari improving alongside the leaders . at this point , dancing brave was still third from the rear with a wall of eleven horses ahead . he faced a herculean task to win the race . it was difficult envisaging even all - time great racehorses accomplishing the task . it was the equivalent of trying to combat an enemy barricade in a war or capturing a fort against all the odds .

you may past it on your way to work , school or on your way to lahinch but do you know what the maid of erin monument represents ? we all take things for granted and i suppose it ' s only as one gets older we begin to appreciate our surroundings and take a interest in where we live . it is with this in mind that we decided to launch a pictorial tour of the monuments and sculptures of ennis which hopefully lead to many a discussion and enlighten your knowledge of our great town .

unlike his champion wrestling robots , which owe their appearance to a legion of different giant robot heroes , pre - made me ( or should that be translated as pre - maid me ? ) is different . dr . giy based her look on a character called drossel , which is a disney japan creation that has her own premium toy line . standing an impressive 20 inches ( 52 cm ) tall ( with an undisclosed weight ) , pre - made me cuts a slender figure and was designed specifically to put on elaborately choreographed dance shows .

the woman , who asked that her name not be used , spoke to uhn news about her father ' s decision to request maid , what the days leading up to his death and the final moments were like . she ' s decided to speak out in hopes of answering the questions on the minds of many people – patients , families , medical staff , the public – about what the process is like since bill c - 14 , which allows canadians with terminal illnesses to choose to die with the assistance of a physician , took effect in june of last year .

thus , in my opinion on merit he should have been the winner of the 2 , 000 guineas , the derby , the eclipse stakes , king george and the arc , and would have statistically outscored mill reef ( the greatest classic and super big race combination ) . the international classifications awarded dancing brave a rating of 141 , the highest since it ' s inception in 1977 . however , timeform reduced it to 140 placing shergar and vaguely noble on par with him ( sea bird was 145 , ribot was 142 , mill reef was 141 ) .

strange as it may seem , in the last few years japan has been home to a fad where cute girls dressed up as french maids star in j - pop , comics , animation , and video games . the distinctive costume has grown so popular that there ' s a number of so - called maid cafés in tokyo ' s geeky akihabara district where anyone can enjoy the thrills of being served by a horde of hostesses in full outfit . that – to say nothing of japan ' s endless fascination with humanoid robots – probably explains pre - made me , the latest creation by well - known japanese roboticist dr . giy .

alas , he could only finish fourth . after three furlongs , he met with an eye injury when changing from the dirt to the grass track . the turns there were also unfavorable to the great horse , differing greatly from the european equivalents . these two factors considerably went against the star who finished behind manila , theatrical and estrapade . another reason could have been a long and arduous racing season and the fatigue of travelling . surely dancing brave was not his true self . it was a sad ending for the great horse as well as a sad spectacle for racegoers to witness a true superstar defeated in that manner .

) , second dam of multiple grade i winner urbane , 1989 santa barbara handicap ( usa - i ) winner no review , 1992 californian stakes ( usa - i ) winner another review and multiple grade ii winner dance colony . another half sister to lyphard , stakes - placed anya ylina ( by bold reasoning ) , is the second dam of peruvian group ii winner dancing action and irish group iii winners major force and quality team . in addition , lyphard is a half brother to tertiary ( by vaguely noble ) , dam of english group iii winner kefaah , and to french group iii - placed barb ' s bold ( by

in september 2017 , a camera recording of a scene from it in which the monster pennywise dancing on a stage before grabbing beverly marsh by the throat was leaked on youtube . while the original uploads were removed , a reupload by youtuber skilledjay remains on the site ( shown below , left ) . while the exact origin is unclear , some have cited a video uploaded by youtuber adrenalingnome as the first popular remix of the scene . in a comment on youtuber prestigegamez channel , adrenalingnome claims the video received nearly 500 , 000 views prior to its removal . [ 1 ] the original video has since been reuploaded to adrenalingnome ' s alternate cxven channel ( shown below ) .

ticino we will have to ask you about the female line of animal kingdom from a 1 - h german / hungarian family . he seems to be a very versitile horse with wins on every surface . interesting to see dancing brave there as he brings back the australian blood found in pago pago our golden slipper winner of the wettest golden slipper on record . a real mudlark . pago pago decends from the 1 - o line of a german mare white and blue . pago pago is full of chelandry blood with doubles of valais as well as both heroic , magpie . while his sire was inbred to scapa flow from the 13 - e family and the dam carried two lines of 3 - e .

dj pat murphy then got things moving as everyone relaxed and really got into the swing of the occasion . it was fantastic to see the clubhouse bursting at the seams as people from everywhere waited to get an opportunity to speak to their hero . there was a carnival atmosphere all night as the singing and dancing took off . facebook is going to be a lonely but funny place when all is said and done ! some ate , some drank , some slept , some danced , some sang , some played air guitar with a pitching wedge – but everyone laughed , and then laughed some more until the wee small hours when finally the batteries ran out . even in johnny’s camera – now when that happens it’s certainly time for the cot .

we are very grateful to our main sponsors pj kellys bar , fafa ' s ( mark kelly ) , moroneys bar , p & m golf superstore and eoin doohan financial planning for their continued support which help to make this event such a popular outing for golf enthusiasts . all are welcome to the clubhouse on saturday night for the presentation of prizes and to meet and have photos taken with jg . there will be dancing and finger food and plenty of crack so if your free get on up to the ennis gc where a great night is assured . for golfers wishing to play in the classic there is a timesheet in operation and kieran ryan 087 - 8055306 will facilitate any individuals or teams . now fingers crossed for a fine : - )

bering , had won the prix du jockey club by 4 lengths in record time and was rated the best french colt to have raced for a very long time . his jockey gary moore considered him invincible . archenango , the german champion was unbeaten and was one of the best horses to have run in germany for a long time . shahrastani was an above average dual derby winner . in trypitch and shardari , there were two remarkable older horses . darara , the prix vermeille winner too was participating . thus , it was the assembling of the true kings of the royal sport . dancing brave started as the 11 to 10 favorite . in his morning workouts , he was simply blazing away like a truly great athlete , outpacing opponents after conceding a stone .

following on from a hugely successful fleadh cheoil na héireann it ' s now time for the ennis trad festival and once again moroney ' s will be playing host to live gigs . kicking off with our very popular wednesday night session featuring ann marie mccormack , marcus moloney and kieran kissane this promises to be a great evening as we kick off the festival early . others to feature over the festival will be martin dermody on friday night , ruadhairi o kane on saturday and pj king and friends with a 7pm session on sunday evening . as always there is a huge programme of events from cd launches , master classes in fiddle , accordion , concertina , flute , sean nos dancing and singing , teen trad disco , trad quiz and of course the pub session trail .

may 7 , 1910 with the revival of morris dancing , sam bennett , the ilmington dancer , who is known to many of our readers , is achieving something in the nature of national fame . commenting on the dance which was to be given at the kensington town hall on thursday by the esperance club , the daily news said : " the most picturesque figure present will be sam bennett , the village fiddler and morris dancer of ilmington , who has achieved some degree of fame beyond his native village by his participation in the recent shakespeare festival . till 25 years ago the village revels at ilmington had been carried on almost since time immemorial but they gradually lapsed into disuse until bennett who , remembering the old tunes and dances , revived the custom four years since " .

yet to be unplaced at moonee valley from six runs , speedy 5yo mare heatherly ( lonhro - dancing heather ) appears likely to have tomorrow ' s listed carlyon stakes ( 1000m ) at moonee valley run to suit . drawn in barrier 2 , jockey damian lane will either have her right on the bunny or box seating around the tight turning circuit . a contemptuous jump out winner at flemington a few weeks ago , heatherly always races well fresh , and will go off near enough to even money favourite . lady esprit could cause a boil over at odds , however the two runners more likely to pressure heatherly are gr1 good handicap runner - up missrock and the darren weir - trained northern meteor colt speedeor , unraced since an authoritative win in last year ' s ballarat magic millions .

smart sprinter heatherly ( lonhro - dancing heather , by danzero ) will embark upon her first interstate assignment when she contests saturday ' s gr2 challenge stakes ( 1000m ) at randwick , reports racing . com . " she worked fantastic this morning on the grass reverse way , so we ' re rapt with the way she ' s going , " said simon zahra , who trains the 4yo melbourne mare in partnership with matthew ellerton . " at this stage , we ' ll go to sydney but we ' ll see what the weather does . " heatherly , a winner of 5 of her 13 starts , including the gr2 rubiton stakes last year , resumed with a creditable sixth placing ( beaten 2 . 1 lengths ) in the gr1 black caviar lightning stakes ( 1000m ) on 18 february .

smart sprinting mare heatherly ( lonhro - dancing heather , by danzero ) is set to launch her autumn campaign in the weight - for - age gr1 black caviar lightning stakes ( 1000m ) at flemington on saturday week ( 18 february ) . " she ' s won up the straight before and goes really well fresh so the lightning looks a nice race for her , " co - trainer simon zahra told racing . com . " she looks terrific but she probably just needs a really good hit - out because she ' s still a touch round and first - up in the lightning she needs to be ready to go . " a winner of 5 of her 12 starts , including the gr2 rubiton stakes last autumn , heatherly has also been placed twice at gr1 level in the oakleigh plate and moir stakes .


paraleptamphopus is a genus of amphipods in the family paraleptamphopidae endemic to new zealand .

the first species to be described was calliope subterraneus ( now paraleptamphopus subterraneus ) which was named by charles chilton in 1882 .

george m. thomson described a second species in 1885 , as pherusa coerulea ( now paraleptamphopus caeruleus ) .

although no other species have yet been formally described , it is thought that many more undescribed species exist .

paraleptamphopus

paraleptamphopus <EOT> paraleptamphopus subterraneus stebbing , 1906 , p . 294 ; chilton , 1909b , p . 54 ( with synonyms ) .

pherusa coerulea , g . m . thomson in n . z . journ . sci . , vol . ii , p . 576 ( 1885 ) . paraleptamphopus coeruleus , hutton in index faunae n . z . , p . 259 ( 1904 ) . paraleptamphopus coeruleus , stebbing in “das tierreich amphipoda , ” p . 295 ( 1906 ) .

it was from the same artesian that the specimens of paraleptamphopus subterraneus already referred to were obtained , so that the two species are associated in the underground waters at st . albans , as they are in other parts of the canterbury plains .

calliope subterranea , chilton . in n . z . journ . sci . , vol . i , p . 44 , and trans . n . z . inst . , vol . xiv , p . 177 , pl . ix , figs . 1–10 ( 1882 ) . calliopius subterraneus , chilton in trans . linn . soc . london , ser . 2 , vol . vi , p . 234 , pl . xxiii , figs . 10–18 ( 1894 ) . paraleptamphopus subterraneus , hutton in index faunae n . z . , p . 259 ( 1904 ) . paraleptamphopus subterraneus , chilton in p . z . s . london , 1906 , p . 704 ( 1906 ) . paraleptamphopus subterraneus , stebbing ' in “das tierreich amphipoda , ” p . 294 ( 1906 ) .

several invertebrates can be found in seepages , trichoptera and diptera dominate the habitat . there also have been found some undescribed species of the amphipod paraleptamphopus , the stratiomyid odontomyia , the chironomid ? apsectrotanypus , the caddis orthopsyche thomasi and alloecentrella magnicornis , and several species of scirtid , elmid and hydrophilid beetles . in addition , some species new to science were discovered , including species of cased chironomid belonging to the genus stempellina ( tanytarsini ) , the first record of this genus in new zealand , and two new species of hydrobiid snails ( collier & smith 2006 ) .

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, m . a . , d . sc . , f . l . s . , professor of biology , canterbury college , n . z .

[ read before the philosophical institute of canterbury , 4th november , 1908 . ]

, a species described in 1907 from a single specimen collected by mr . crosby smith on mount anglem , stewart island . this species was of special interest as the first species of

, a species inhabiting the underground waters of the canterbury plains . during the last few years , too , several facts referring to the other freshwater

have been collected , and it seems , desirable to gather them together here . this group of the

of australia and elsewhere . since then many of the gaps have been filled up , and , though our knowledge is still far from complete , some comparison of the fresh - water

i have arranged the species according to the classification in stebbing ' s “das tierreich amphipoda , ” and have given only such references as appeared necessary ; others will be found in that elaborate and exhaustive work .

the same time mr . laing also found the species in surface streams at otautau , in southland , in company with the next species , p . coeruleus . the two species were found together in two different streams in that locality , and though very different in appearance , one being colourless—almost white—and the other dark blue , they appeared to be living together under precisely the same conditions . mr . laing thinks that probably the p . subterraneus may have got into the surface streams from springs feeding the streams , much in the same way as appears to have occurred at castle hill .

mr . o . a . sayce * has called attention to the occurrence of three blind fresh - water crustacea in the surface waters of victoria , and has given many interesting facts with regard to them and their surface allies . other examples of the same thing have been recorded from north america also . in the present case we have p . subterraneus living side by side at otautau with p . coeruleus , to which it is so closely allied that we may consider it as a subterranean modification of that species .

as already stated , this species may be looked upon as the surface form from which p . subterraneus has arisen .

calliope fluviatilis , g . m . thomson in trans . n . z . , inst . , vol . xi , p . 240 , pl . x c , figs . 4 a - c ( 1879 ) . paracalliope fluviatilis , hutton in index faunae n . z . , p . 259 ( 1904 ) . paracalliope fluviatilis , chilton in p . z . s . london , 1906 , p . 704 ( 1906 ) . paracalliope fluviatilis , stebbing in “das tierreich amphipoda , ” p . 297 .

this species is extremely abundant in all the fresh - water streams of new zealand , and also in many of the ponds formed by them . i have seldom failed to find it in such positions in the south island , and , though i have fewer specimens from the north island , it doubtless occurs there

[ footnote ] * “on three blind victorian fresh - water crustacea found in surface water , ” ann : nat . hist . , ser . 7 , vol . viii , pp . 558–64 .

almost as abundantly—i have it from rona bay , wellington harbour , and also from island bay ; and messrs . lucas and hodgkin obtained specimens from lake waikare . besides being found in fresh water , however , this species is also able to live in salt water . i have on different occasions taken it in great abundance in otago harbour in the ordinary sea - water , associated with the usual marine forms . i have also taken it at island bay , wellington , in a pool near high - water mark , which would doubtless be filled with sea - water at particularly high tides , though the water was only slightly brackish at the time i collected the specimens .

mr . stebbing considers pherusa australis , haswell , to be a synonym of this species , and thinks that cedicerus novi - zealandice , dana , may perhaps also belong to it . i have , however , specimens that i think undoubtedly are to be referred to the latter species , and they belong to the cedicerotidce , and are apparently the same as carolobatea schneideri ( stebbing ) . i am dealing with them in my report on the crustacea collected by the recent expedition to the subantarctic islands of new zealand .

crangonyx compactus , chilton in n . z . journ . sci . , vol . i , p . 44 , and trans . n . z . inst . , vol . xiv , p . 177 , pl . x , figs . 13 - 19 ( 1882 ) . crangonyx compactus , chilton in trans . linn . soc . london , ser . 2 , vol . vi , p . 220 , pl . xx ( 1894 ) . paracrangonyx compactus , stebbing in “das tierreich amphipoda , ” p . 369 ( 1906 ) .

this is a subterranean species found in the underground waters of canterbury ' plains , and has been fully described in my paper in the trans . linn . soc . london referred to above . in that paper i stated that the subterranean crustaceans , though common in the shallow wells on the plains , had not hitherto been found in the artesian wells of christchurch . since then , however , mr . j . b . mayne has brought me one or two specimens of this species from an artesian at st . albans , christchurch . this artesian is sunk only to the first water - bearing stratum , and probably is not more than 70 ft . deep .

gammarus fragilis , chilton in n . z . journ . sci . , vol . i , p . 44 ( 1882 ) , and trans . n . z . inst . , vol . xiv , p . 179 , pl . ix , figs . 11 - 18 . gammarus fragilis , chilton in trans . linn . soc . london , ser . 2 , vol . vi , p . 227 , pl . xxi , figs . 1 - 25 ( 1894 ) . phreatogammarus fragilis , stebbing in “das tierreich amphipoda , ” p . 454 ( 1906 ) .

this species is found in the underground waters of canterbury plains , and has been already fully described in my paper in the trans . linn . soc . london quoted above . its special characteristic is the possession of very long antennae , peraeopods , & c . , and in this respect it resembles several other subterranean species from other parts of the world .

it is closely related to the next species , p . propinquus , but differs in the gnathopods , having the 2 pairs similar in size and shape and with the propod oval and the palm very oblique , while the carpus in each is very short and triangular .

phreatogammarus propinquus , chilton in ann . nat . hist . , ser . 7 , vol . xix , pp . 388–90 , pl . xi ( 1907 ) .

this species was described in 1907 from a single imperfect specimen collected by mr . crosby smith in a small pool near the top of mount anglem , in stewart island , at a height of about 2 , 800 ft . above sea - level . in february , 1908 , i obtained a few specimens from a small stream at rona bay , in wellington harbour . the place at which they were obtained is only a short distance above high - water mark , but the water was quite fresh , and the species was found in association with parorchestia tenuis ( dana ) and other fresh - water animals . i also have had for many years a mounted specimen sent me from greymouth by mr . r . helms , which i had not previously been able to recognise with certainty , but which i can now tell from comparison with rona bay specimens is undoubtedly a female specimen of this species .

the species is of special interest owing to its relationship to the subterranean species phreatogammarus fragilis ( chilton ) from the underground waters of the canterbury plains . in describing p . propinquus i pointed out that the generic characters given by mr . stebbing required slight modification in order to admit the species . in the specimen then described it was impossible to say whether eyes were present or not , owing to its imperfect condition ; in the rona bay and greymouth specimens , however , the eyes are present and well marked , so that the character “without eyes” included in mr . stebbing ' s generic diagnosis will also have to be struck out , and the genus phreatogammarus is thus shown to be still nearer to gammarus .

respects the 1st gnathopod is closely similar to the 2nd gnathopod . some or all of the setae in the transverse rows on the posterior margin of the carpus in both gnathopods are finely serrate .

the differences in the 2nd gnathopod between the rona bay specimens and the mount anglem one are perhaps sexual . the rona bay specimen described is a female , bearing eggs in the brood - pouches , while the mount anglem specimen , with the larger and more oval propod in the 2nd gnathopod , is probably a male ; but , as the few rona bay specimens that i have , appear to be all females , this point cannot at present be definitely settled .

hyalella mihiwaka , chilton in ann . nat . hist . , ser . 7 , vol . i , p . 423 , pl . xviii ( 1899 ) . chiltonia mihiwaka , stebbing in “das tierreich amphipoda , ” p . 555 ( 1906 ) .

this species was described from specimens found in mountain - streams near dunedin . during the recent subantarctic expedition specimens were collected both at the auckland islands and at campbell island . mr . o . a . sayce has described 2 species from the fresh waters of victoria—one , c . australis , has the 3rd uropod less reduced , and consequently approaches more nearly to the genus hyalella ; the other species , c . subtenuis , is more typical of the genus as regards the 3rd uropod , and is apparently closely related to c . mihiwaka , but differs in having shorter antennae and a more slender body .

the genus hyalella , to which chiltonia is closely related , is well represented in the fresh waters of america , particularly in south america . many species have been described from lake titicaca by faxon , * and more recently by monsieur edouard chevreux . † the various species , although all closely related , show a great variety in the form of the body , the projection of the different segments into spinal processes , and so on .

orchestia tenuis , dana in p . amer . ac . , vol . ii , p . 202 ( 1852 ) . orchestia tenuis , dana in u . s . expl . exp . , vol . xiii , ii , p . 872 , pl . lix , fig . 1 ( 1853 and 1855 ) . parorchestia tenuis , stebbing in “das tierreich amphipoda , ” p . 557 ( 1906 ) .

this species has been frequently mentioned by previous authors , but , as with many species of the orchestidce , it is very difficult to identify with certainty , and considerable confusion has arisen with regard to it . it has been recently redescribed by mr . stebbing , and i refer to the species ( as defined by him . ) specimens obtained in a fresh - water stream at rona bay , wellington harbour , and others obtained in similar situations at akaroa and elsewhere . i also found it on the seashore at campbell island , at the mouth of a small stream , and it seems probable that it is a species which can live either in brackish or in fresh water , and perhaps , like many other orchestidce , it may be also more or less terrestrial in habit .

[ footnote ] * bull . mus . comp . zool . harvard college , vol . iii , no . 16 ( cambridge , mass . , 1876 ) .

[ footnote ] † “les amphipodes des lacs des hants plateaux de l ' amerique du sud” ( extract from mission scientifique , g . de créqui montfort et e . sénechal de la grange ) .

corophium excavatum , g . m . thomson in trans . n . z . inst . , vol . xvi , p . 236 , pl . xii , figs . 1 - 8 ( 1884 ) . paracorophium excavatum , hutton in index faunae n . z . , p . 261 ( 1904 ) . paracorophium excavatum , chilton in p . z . s . london , 1906 , p . 704 ( 1906 ) . paracorophium excavatum , stebbing in “das tierreich amphipoda , ” p . 664 ( 1906 ) .

this species was originally described by mr . thomson from the brighton creek ( salt water ) , near dunedin . subsequently i took it from the same creek at a time when the water was almost fresh , and specimens lived in some of the some water for several months . i have also specimens taken from brackish water at napier . messrs . lucas and hodgkin afterwards took it near lake rotoiti ( 5 fathoms ) , and in lake waikare , where , of course , the water is perfectly fresh . it therefore appears to be one of several species of our new zealand amphipoda that are able to live either in salt or in fresh water .

so far as i am aware , it is the only known fresh - water species of the family corophiidæ .

( of calliope subterranea chilton , 1882 ) chilton c . ( 1882 ) . on some subterranean crustacea . transactions and proceedings of the new zealand institute , 14 , pp . 174 - 180 ; pls . 9 - 10 . [ details ]

horton , t . ; lowry , j . ; de broyer , c . ; bellan - santini , d . ; coleman , c . o . ; corbari , l . ; daneliya , m . ; dauvin , j - c . ; fišer , c . ; gasca , r . ; grabowski , m . ; guerra - garcía , j . m . ; hendrycks , e . ; hughes , l . ; jaume , d . ; jazdzewski , k . ; kim , y . - h . ; king , r . ; krapp - schickel , t . ; lecroy , s . ; lörz , a . - n . ; mamos , t . ; senna , a . r . ; serejo , c . ; sket , b . ; souza - filho , j . f . ; tandberg , a . h . ; thomas , j . ; thurston , m . ; vader , w . ; väinölä , r . ; vonk , r . ; white , k . ; zeidler , w . ( 2018 ) . world amphipoda database .

fenwick g . d . ( 2001 ) . the freshwater amphipoda ( crustacea ) of new zealand : a review . journal of the royal society of new zealand , 31 , 2 , pp . 341 - 363 . [ details ] available for editors [ request ]

habitat freshwater , epigean , slow moving streams and pools , lowlands to 900 m above sea level . [ details ]

( of pherusa caerulea thomson , 1885 ) thomson g . m . ( 1885 ) . new crustacea . new zealand journal of science , 2 , pp . 576 - 577 . [ details ]

stebbing , t . r . r . ( 1899 ) . revision of amphipoda ( continued ) . annals and magazine of natural history . ( ser . 7 ) 4 : 205 - 211 . [ details ]

, m . a . , d . sc . , ll . d . , & c . , professor of biology , canterbury college , n . z .

[ read before the philosophical institute of canterbury , 6th december , 1922 ; received by editor , 31st december , 1922 ; issued separately , 18th june , 1924 . ]

seba typica chilton , 1906 , p . 572 ; 1921 , p . 56 . s . saundersii stebbing , 1906 , p . 163 ( part ) .

specimens which i have referred to this species were taken by the f . i . s . “endeavour” off the east coast of flinders island , bass strait . the largest of these were about 4 . 5 mm . long , and were apparently fully developed males . in them the palm of the second gnathopod was distinctly oblique , and the basal and meral joints of the fifth peraeopod widely expanded posteriorly . smaller specimens have the palm transverse and the meral joint only slightly expanded . although there was no female bearing eggs in the collection , there were specimens in which the first gnathopod was distinctly chelate , the palm being on a projecting portion of the propod against which the finger impinges ; these i considered to be females , or very young males not yet differing in structure from females . other specimens showed transitional forms between the chelate limb and the subchelate gnathopod with oblique palm ; some of them had the palm quite transverse .

in february , 1922 , i collected from seaweed exposed at low tide at kaikoura three small specimens about 3 mm . long . one of these proved to be a female bearing two large eggs in the brood - pouch ; it had the first gnathopod chelate , as described in my original account , and the joints of the fifth peraeopod not expanded . the other two bore no eggs , but were otherwise similar , though slightly smaller .

it is very probable that all the forms of seba described under different names really belong to one species . walker , however , describes the males of s . antarctica as dimorphic , one form being like the females , the other differing in having the joints of the fifth peraeopod greatly expanded but having the first gnathopod chelate as in the females . walker ' s first form of male is , i think , only an immature stage of the second form ; while the latter , if fully mature , differs from the australian specimens in still having the first gnathopod chelate . it is possible , however , that it is not fully developed , and has not yet attained the oblique palm of the male , though it has the joints of the peraeopod expanded . the largest male— i . e . , the one of which walker gives a full figure—was 7 mm . long , and therefore larger than specimens from bass strait having oblique palms ; but the antarctic specimens probably grow to a much larger size than those found farther north , and the specimen may not be mature though 7 mm . long . this supposition appears to be confirmed by the fact that the second male examined by walker is 5 mm . long , but has the peraeopod joints less expanded than in australian specimens , which are slightly smaller .

[ footnote ] * previous numbers of this series have appeared in trans . n . z . inst . as follow : no . 1 , vol . 52 , p . 1 ; no . 2 , vol . 53 , p . 220 ; no . 3 , vol . 54 , p . 240 .

stenothoe validus dana , 1853–55 , p . 924 , pl . 63 , fig . 1 , a - o . s . valida stebbing , 1906 , p . 194 ; walker , 1910 , p . 621 ; kunkel , 1910 , p . 16 ; . chevreux , 1913 , p . 3 . s . valida ( part ) della valle , 1893 , p . 566 , pl . 58 , figs . 74–78 ; chilton , 1923 , p . 95 . s . adhaerens chilton , 1892 , p . 259 ( ? not stebbing , 1888 , p . 1999 ) . s . assimilis chevreux , 1908 , p . 4 ; walker , 1910 , p . 621 . montagua miersii and m . longicornis haswell , 1880 , p . 323 , pl . 24 , figs . 4 , 5 . montaguana miersii chilton , 1883 , p . 79 . probolium miersii chilton , 1885 , p . 1043 . stenothoe miersii stebbing , 1906 , p . 200 . ? stenothoe dollfusi chevreux , 1887 , p . 327 ; 1891 , p . 260 stebbing , 1906 , p . 196 .

in the older males the mouth - parts appear to become degenerate . i have , however , discussed this question more fully , and also the reasons for referring the species to the one originally described by dana , in the records of the australian museum , vol . 14 , p . 95 .

i have recently received specimens from the hawaiian islands which appear to belong to this species .

bovallia monoculoides chilton , 1909 , p . 622 ; 1912 , p . 494 ; 1921 , p . 66 . eusiroides monoculoides chevreux , 1908 , p . 478 ; stebbing , 1910 , p 595 ; barnard , 1916 , p . 174 . eusiroides caesaris walker , 1904 , p . 264 .

in 1909 i referred to this species specimens from the auckland islands ; but it has not hitherto been recorded from the coasts of the main islands of new zealand . i have now , however , in my collection numerous specimens from different localities extending from the three kings to otago harbour .

these are all much smaller than the specimens from the auckland islands , none of them measuring more than about 8 mm . in length , but they

agree closely with specimens of similar size from port jackson , new south wales , the type - locality . in none of them are any of the segments produced into definite dorsal teeth , but all have the posterior margin of the third pleon segments serrate , as described by stebbing for eusiroides caesari , though in one or two instances the teeth are rather indistinct , thus approaching the condition found in e . crassi .

the species has been recorded from south africa by barnard , from ceylon by walker , and from the gambier archipelago by chevreux . of the two specimens from the latter locality , one was a female bearing young , though only 4 mm . in length . of them chevreux says , “chez ces exemplaires , le bord postérieur des plaques épimérales du dernier segment du métasome , moins convexe que chez le type , ne présente que des crénelures peu distincts . ”

if bovallia gigantea pfeffer is considered as belonging to the same species , corresponding to the form described by stebbing under the name eusiroides crassi , then the range of the species is extended to the subantarctic and antarctic seas to the south of south america .

i have been able to compare my new zealand specimens with examples of eusiroides della - vallei chevreux from banyuls - sur - mer , on the south coast of france , and can find little difference between the two .

localities . —off three kings , 60–65 fathoms ( chilton ) ; cook strait cable , off oterangi bay ( h . b . kirk ) ; cook strait cable ( captain j . w . grey ) ; north - west of cape maria van diemen , 50 fathoms ( chilton ) ; moeraki , east coast otago ( chilton ) ; otago harbour , surface ( g . m . thomson ) ; lyttelton reef ( r . m . laing ) ; lyall bay ( r . m . laing ) .

chiltonia mihiwaka stebbing , 1906 , p . 555 : chilton , 1909a , p . 644 ; 1909b , p . 57 .

this species was described from specimens obtained in streams on mount mihiwaka , near port chalmers , at heights up to about 1 , 000 ft . above sea - level . later on mr . g . m . thomson collected it in similar localities on mount maungatua and other hills in the neighbourhood of dunedin . during the expedition of the philosophical institute of canterbury to the subantarctic islands of new zealand in 1907 , specimens were taken in fresh - water pools and streams on enderby island , auckland island , and campbell island , at places not far above sea - level . these specimens differed from the type in having the palm of the second gnathopod in the male oblique instead of transverse , and prove to be the same as c . subtenuis sayce , a species found in new south wales , victoria , and western australia .

in december , 1922 , i found two specimens , male and female , in coitu , in a small fresh - water stream at riverton , southland , just about high - water mark . it was low tide at the time , and the water in which the animals were living was quite fresh , but the sea - water would reach the place at high tide . both specimens were deeply pigmented of a dark - grey colour , while the port chalmers specimens are usually much lighter , some being almost white . the riverton specimens resemble those from mount mihiwaka so much that they must be considered as belonging to the same species , but there are some slight differences . the second gnathopod of the male ( fig . 1 ) * has the palm quite transverse , and the dactyl has a rounded

[ footnote ] * the illustrations for this paper were drawn for me by miss beryl parlane , one of my students .

lobe on the concave margin towards its base which is not found in the type . in the male specimen the first or upper antennae are distinctly shorter than the second , while in the type they were of equal length . in the enderby and auckland islands specimens the first antennae are considerably longer than the second . the relative lengths of the antennae in a few of the specimens in my collection are shown in the diagram given below , the first being represented by unbroken lines , the second by dotted

[ the section below cannot be correctly rendered as it contains complex formatting . see the image of the page for a more accurate rendering . ]

lines . it will be seen that the antennae vary in length on the two sides , and in specimens from different localities . the generic diagnosis given by stebbing ( 1906 , p . 555 ) , which says “antennae 1 and 2 equal in length , ” must be altered to “antennae 1 and 2 nearly equal in length . ”

the genus was established by stebbing for the species now under consideration , which had been described under hyalella . two fresh - water species from australia described by sayce belong to chiltonia , and other

species have been described by geoffrey smith . several fresh - water species of hyalella are known from south america , and one that i have examples of ( h . warmingii stebbing ) presents many resemblances to chiltonia , but has a small palp on the first maxilla and a fringed lobe on the carpus of the second gnathopod in the male . in chiltonia mihiwaka the third uropod is represented by a single small joint , and this character has been incorporated in stebbing ' s generic diagnosis . in the australia species , c . australis , the uropod is two - jointed , as in hyalella , so that the characters of the genus require further modification .

from brackish water at cape town , south africa , barnard has described chiltonia capensis , which has no palp on the first maxilla and has the third uropod single - jointed , but differs in having the two gnathopods alike in both sexes—thus requiring another modification of the characters of the genus .

the presence of very similar species in fresh and brackish waters in new zealand , australia , south america , and south africa is important from a zoogeographical standpoint , and it is desirable that a careful comparison of the species in question should be made .

this species is now known to be widely spread over the southern portions of otago and southland , it has been recorded from swampy hill ( near dunedin ) , from the old man range , from the neighbourhood of invercargill , from ruapuke island , and i have recently collected it in abundance from several localities at drummond and otautau in southland . in these places it lives in ditches and small streams on the various weeds that grow in the water , in much the same way as the ordinary fresh - water paracalliope fluviatilis does , though this species was not found by me in the same ditches . with p . caeruleus there was , however , the other species , p . subterraneus , but it was usually found a little deeper down , either on the surface of the mud or actually in the mud . p . caeruleus is slightly smaller than p . subterraneus , and can readily be distinguished by its dark - blue colour . most of the specimens are so darkly coloured that they appear black , but some are paler , especially on the appendages .

the differences in structure from some of the forms of p . subterraneus are few and unimportant . the one that seems most constant is in the telson ,

which is evenly rounded posteriorly and free from setules ; its upper surface is slightly convex ; the third uropods have the branches not much longer than the peduncle ( fig . 2 , urp 3 ) and , when seen in side view , slightly

curved upwards ; the gnathopoda are rather more slender than in p . subterraneus , with the armature of the palm somewhat different , the propod bearing crenulate markings at the point where the finger impinges , and the finger having numerous setules towards the extremity ( see figs . 2 , gn 1 * , gn 2 * ) .

the structure of p . subterraneus was somewhat fully dealt with by me in 1894 so far as the underground forms were concerned . it will only be necessary to mention now a few of the points in which differences occur in specimens from other localities . in all specimens the gnathopoda are of similar shape , the first stouter than the second ; in the eyreton specimens the palm of the first is minutely crenulate , but it is even in these from surface waters in southland . the appearance of the third uropod varies when seen from the side or from above . fig . 4 shows those of a specimen from eketahuna , fig . urp 3 being one of the pair seen from above , fig . urp 3 * the other from the side ; the branches are not much longer than the base , on the latter there is usually a small tuft of setules at the upper distal angle , and two or three separately placed on each upper margin . in specimens from southland streams the tuft at the distal

angle may be larger , and there is sometimes a smaller but distinct tuft about the middle of the upper outer margin ( see fig . 6 ) . the telson is a flat oblong plate with lateral margins nearly straight , posterior corners narrowly rounded , and each usually bearing a single small setule , the posterior margin slightly concave . all these characters , and especially the last , are subject to modification even in individuals from the same locality ; thus one from wells at ashburton has the posterior margin much more deeply concave , and one corner without a setule ( fig . 7 ) .

in the “clippings” and mount dick specimens the telson differs markedly from the more typical forms . the lateral margins are distinctly convex , the telson itself shorter and broader , the posterior margin deeply concave , and there are three or four setules at each corner and two or three more anteriorly placed on the lateral margin ( see figs . 8 and 9 ) .

differently formed . the ordinary form is undoubtedly a female , being often found with eggs or young in the brood - pouch , and i looked upon the form with the large peculiar gnathopoda as the male . it differs so much , however , that it is not surprising that stebbing says ( 1906 , p . 295 ) ,

“the supposed male is uncertain in respect to sex and to identity with the species . ” unfortunately i have seen very few specimens of the supposed male , and have now records of four only . one was dissected for use in drawing up the description i gave in 1894 and i have now

gnathopods between those of the female and the fully developed male . unfortunately this was not the case , for its gnathopoda , though smaller and less bountifully supplied with spinules ( fig . 3 , gn 1 and gn 2 ) , are essentially the same as those figured in 1894 .

i still feel convinced that the specimens in question are really males of p . subterraneus , for they are closely similar in all the characters except

those that may be looked upon as secondary male characters ; none of them bears eggs , and it seems unlikely that there should be two species living in the underground waters drawn upon by the one well , that many dozens of specimens of one species , all females , have been obtained , but of the other only less than half a dozen and these all males . it must be mentioned , however , that among the numerous specimens of p . subterraneus examined from other localities i have seen no similar males ; it is , of course , possible that some may have been overlooked , for the gnathopoda are more or less concealed by the deep side - plates .

i give figures of the telson and uropoda of p . subterraneus from different localities . it will be seen that there is considerable variation , just as there is in the subterranean forms of niphargus in europe , and that in consequence there is room for much difference of opinion as to the number of “species” into which they should be divided . in new zealand the subterranean species is also found in surface waters , most of these specimens being still colourless and apparently blind ; though some—viz . , those from “clippings” and mount dick—are found at great heights above sea - level , and in colour and other characters show distinct transitions leading to the true surface form , p . caeruleus , from which the subterranean forms may be presumed to have been descended .

—— 1923 . records australian museum , vol . 14 , pp . 79–100 .

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to cite this page : myers , p . , r . espinosa , c . s . parr , t . jones , g . s . hammond , and t . a . dewey . 2018 . the animal diversity web ( online ) . accessed at https : / / animaldiversity . org .

disclaimer : the animal diversity web is an educational resource written largely by and for college students . adw doesn ' t cover all species in the world , nor does it include all the latest scientific information about organisms we describe . though we edit our accounts for accuracy , we cannot guarantee all information in those accounts . while adw staff and contributors provide references to books and websites that we believe are reputable , we cannot necessarily endorse the contents of references beyond our control .

this material is based upon work supported by the national science foundation grants drl 0089283 , drl 0628151 , due 0633095 , drl 0918590 , and due 1122742 . additional support has come from the marisla foundation , um college of literature , science , and the arts , museum of zoology , and information and technology services .

scientists aim to describe a single ' tree of life ' that reflects the evolutionary relationships of living things . however , evolutionary relationships are a matter of ongoing discovery , and there are different opinions about how living things should be grouped and named . eol reflects these differences by supporting several different scientific ' classifications ' . some species have been named more than once . such duplicates are listed under synonyms . eol also provides support for common names which may vary across regions as well as languages .

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seepages and flushes form where groundwater emerges on hillsides to form soils that are mostly permanently saturated with relatively nutrient and oxygen rich water . seepages tend to be wetter for longer periods than flushes , which are often formed by a periodic pulse of water following rain ( johnson & gerbeaux 2004 ) . the high water table excludes most woody plants from these habitats and herbaceous species dominate . they are particularly rich in species where they form on limestone rock . they may be extensive in some circumstances , but they are often relatively small , covering no more than a few dozen square metres .

seepages and flushes occur throughout new zealand from sea level to the upper alpine zone and are most common in the montane zone of wetter districts .

threatened and rare indeterminate flora include nationally critical limosella ( b ) ( chr 515038 ; manutahi ) , ranunculus ( b ) ( chr 324466 ; burgoo stream ) , and ranunculus ( a ) ( aku 19876 ; hope ) ; the naturally uncommon myosotis aff . pygmaea ( chr 244566 ; volcanic plateau ) and myosotis aff . tenericaulis ( ak 7570 ; garvie mountains ) .

increased nutrients and aeration associated with seepages / flushes may favour establishment of weeds , e . g . pasture grasses and herbs . because they may be small , they are often not recognised and suffer insidious deterioration in and near agricultural settings . unfenced seepage / flush wetlands in agricultural and natural settings are susceptible to grazing , trampling , and nutrient enrichment by domestic and feral animals . seepages / flushes are usually easily drained and converted to agriculture .

brownsey pj 1985 . ophioglossum petiolatum at hokio beach . wellington botanical society journal 42 : 33 - 34 .

clarkson bd , clarkson br 2015 . a new record of brachyglottis turneri from north taranaki . new zealand botanical society newsletter 121 : 8 - 10 .

collier kj , smith bj 2006 . distinctive invertebrate assemblages in rockface seepages enhance lotic biodiversity in northern new zealand . biodiversity and conservation 15 : 3591 - 3616 .

johnson p , gerbeaux p 2004 . wetland types in new zealand . wellington , department of conservation .

wardle p 1991 . vegetation of new zealand . cambridge university press . 672 p .

approximately 10 % of the crustacean specimens tested contained coliform bacteria and had apparently been feeding on sewage - derived material . the organisms tended to be more abundant in the more polluted wells but incidents of heavy contamination caused high mortality rates . some calculations using energetics data from surface water studies suggested that the standing crop of aquifer macro invertebrates could play a significant role in the consumption of sewage - derived organic matter reaching the phreatic zone beneath the templeton site .

apha , awwa & wpcf . , 1976 . standard methods for the examination of waters and wastewater , 14th edn . m . c . rand , a . e . greenberg & m . j . taras ( eds . ) . am . publ . hlth ass . , 1193 pp .

bertrand , j - y . , 1975 . recherches sur les eaux souterraines - 27 - étude d ' un aquifère épikarstique des corbières ( opoul , pyrénées - orientales ) . ann . spéléol . 30 : 513–537 .

butcher , r . w . , j . longwell & f . t . k . pentelow , 1937 . survey of the river tees , 3 . the non - tidal reaches . chemical and biological . techn . pap . wat . pollution res . lond . 6 : 187 pp .

chilton , c . , 1881 . on some subterranean crustacea . trans . new zealand inst . 24 : 258–269 .

chilton , c . , 1882 . notes on , and a new species of , subterranean crustacea . trans . new zealand inst . 25 : 87–92 .

chilton , c . , 1894 . the subterranean crustacea of new zealand : with some general remarks on the fauna of caves and wells . trans . linn . soc . lond . , second ser . - zool . 6 : 163–284 .

climo , f . m . , 1974 . description and affinities of the subterranean molluscan fauna of new zealand . new zealand j . zool . 1 : 247–284 .

climo , f . m . , 1977 . notes on the new zealand hydrobiid fauna ( mollusca : gastropoda : hydrobiidae ) . j . r . soc . new zealand 7 : 67–77 .

fenchel , t . m . & b . b . jorgensen , 1977 . detritus food chains of aquatic ecosystems ; the role of bacteria . in m . alexander ( ed . ) , advances in microbial ecology . m . plenum press , n . y . , 199–206 .

geldreich , e . e . , 1966 . sanitary significance of faecal coliforms in the environment . u . s . dep . interior , fedl wat . pollution control adm . publ . wp - 20 - 3 , 122 pp .

holsinger , j . r . , 1966 . a preliminary study on the effects of organic pollution of banners corner cave , virginia . int . j . speleol . 2 : 75–89 .

husmann , s . , 1958 . untersuchungen über die sandlückenfauna der bremischen langsamfilter . abh . braunschweigischen wiss . ges . 10 : 93–116 .

husmann , s . , 1966 . die organismengemeinschaften der sandluckensysteme in naturlichen biotopen and langsamsandfiltern . veröff . hydrol . forsch . abt . dortmunder stadtwerke ag 9 : 93–113 .

husmann , s . , 1975 . versuche zur erfassung der vertikalen verteilung von organismen und chemischen substanzen im grundwasser von talauen und terrassen ; methoden und erste befund . int . j . speleol . 6 : 271–302 .

husmann , s . , 1978 . die bedeutung der grundwasserfauna für biologische reinigungsvorgänge im interstitial von lockergesteinen . gwf wass . abwass . 119 : 293–302 .

martin , g . n . & m . j . noonan , 1977 . effects of wastewater disposal by land irrigation on groundwater quality of the central canterbury plains . wat . & soil techn . publ . 7 . mwd , wellington , new zealand , 25 pp .

in marion lake , british colombia . j . fish . res . b . can . 28 : 711–726 .

ordish , r . g . , 1976 . two new genera and species of subterranean water beetle from new zealand ( coleoptera : dytiscidae ) . new zealand j . zool . 3 : 1–10 .

rouch , r . , 1980 . le système karstique du baget , 10 . la communauté des harpacticides . richesse spécifique , diversité et structures d ' abondances de la nomocénose hypogée . ann . limnol . 16 : 1–20 .

rouch , r . & l . bonnet , 1976 . recherches sur les eaux souterraines . - 28 - le système karstique du baget , 4 . premières données sur la structure et l ' organisation de la communauté des harpacticides . ann . spéléol . 31 : 27–41 .

schminke , h . k . , 1973 . evolution , system und verbreitungsgeschichte der familie parabathynellidae ( bathynellacea , malacostraca ) . akad . wiss . lit . mainz , math . nat . kl . , mikrofauna meersboden 24 : 1–192 .

sinton , l . w . & m . e . close , 1983 . groundwater tracing experiments . publ . 2 hydrol . cent . , christchurch . mwd , christchurch , new zealand , 36 pp .

thorpe , h . r . , r . j . burden & d . m . scott , 1982 . potential for contamination of the heretaunga plains aquifers . wat . & soil techn . publ . 24 . mwd , wellington , new zealand . 149 pp .

welch , e . b . , 1980 . ecological effects of wastewater . cambridge university press , 337 pp .

williams , d . d . & h . b . n . hynes , 1974 . the occurrence of benthos deep in the substratum of a stream . freshwat . biol . 4 : 233–256 .


chionodes permacta is a moth in the gelechiidae family .

it is found in north america , where it has been recorded from western alaska , southern yukon and alberta to idaho , wyoming , montana , washington , colorado and southern oregon .

chionodes permacta

chionodes permacta <EOT> chionodes lugubrella ( fabricius , 1794 ) = chionodes lugubrellus = gelechia luctificella hübner , [ 1813 = lita lunatella zetterstedt 1839 .

hodges , r . w . 1999 . gelechiodea , gelechiidae ( part ) , gelechiinae ( part - chionodes ) . in dominick , r . b . , et al . , moths of america , north of mexico . fascicle 7 . 6 . the wedge entomological research foundation , washington , 339 pp .

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lee , s . , r . w . hodges and r . l . brown . 2009 . checklist of gelechiidae ( lepidoptera ) in american north of mexico . zootaxa 2231 : 1 - 39 .

pohl , g . r . , g . g . anweiler , b . c . schmidt , and n . g . kondla . 2010 . an annotated list of the lepidoptera of alberta , canada . zookeys 38 : 1 - 549 .

poole , robert w . and patricia gentili ( eds . ) . 1997 . nomina insecta nearctica : a checklist of the insects of north america . volume 4 ( non - holometabolous orders ) . entomological information services , rockville , md . available online at : urltoken

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iucn , conservation international , and natureserve . 2004 . global amphibian assessment . iucn , conservation international , and natureserve , washington , dc and arlington , virginia , usa .

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a taxon identifier is composed of name , author , year and attribute , all separated by a blank . these are all extracted from the original publication .

the name is reproduced exactly as proposed in the original publication . the name of a genus is made up of one word and species made up of two words ( genus and species ) separated by a blank .

the author ' s name is made up of a string of letters , with no blanks , and multiple authors ' names are separated by a comma . spelling of author ' s name is based on the original publication . if there are more than three authors , only the names of the first two authors are shown , followed by " , + " and the number of omitted authors .

attribute is enclosed in square brackets . this is rarely needed , but to differentiate homo - identifiers , this will contain the page , line or plate number of original publication .

all diacritic marks , hyphens , and apostrophes are eliminated , thus only the following characters are used : a to z , a to z , 0 to 9 , blank , comma , and opening and closing square brackets . although upper and lower cases are used for the convenience of human recognition , it is not case sensitive .

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austria , hungary , germany , spain , italy , latvia , lithuania , norway , poland , the soviet union - the european part , finland , france , czech republic , switzerland , sweden , estonia .

regions of the russian federation : the volga - don , east caucasus , gorno - altaisk , the european north - east , the european north - west , the european central european south taiga , trans - baikal , kamchatka , karelia , kola , krasnoyarsk , nizhny - amur , of baikal , pribaikalskiy , primorye , sakhalin , mid - volzhsky .

austria , hungary , germany , denmark ( mainland ) , italy ( mainland ) , latvia , lithuania , norway ( mainland ) , poland , russia , slovenia , finland , france ( mainland ) , czech republic , switzerland , sweden , estonia .

[ 10 ] de jong , y . s . d . m . ( ed . ) ( 2011 ) fauna europaea version 2 . 4 ( faunaeur . org )

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curators : konstantin efetov , vasiliy feoktistov , svyatoslav knyazev , evgeny komarov , stan korb , alexander zhakov .

species catalog enables to sort by characteristics such as expansion , flight time , etc . .