bollin eric ( foaled 18 february 1999 ) , is a retired british thoroughbred racehorse and active sire .

in a career which lasted from july 2001 until october 2003 , he ran eighteen times and won four races .

he recorded his most important success when winning the classic st. leger stakes as a three-year-old in 2002 .

he won the lonsdale stakes in the following year and was placed in important races including the dante stakes , king edward vii stakes , great voltigeur stakes , yorkshire cup and hardwicke stakes .

bollin eric

bollin eric <EOT> the stud is managed by bill bromley who reports bollin eric to be doing well in his new career .

meet fox news channel ' s eric bolling and his beautiful wife adrienne : married in 1997 . meet son eric chase

bollin eric had been held back at the rear by jockey kevin darley and began to move up after the six - furlong marker .

and trainer tim easterby said on wednesday that there was " a strong possibility " that bollin eric would indeed line up in the arc .

bollin zola , won 2 races at 2 and 3 years rated 90 , dam of 6 winners of 21 races incl , bollin eric classic gr . 1 winner . bollin joanne , gr . 3 duke of york stakes , lr scarbrough stakes , 2nd lr summer stakes , rated 118

darley had ridden bollin eric before , but that season the shaamit colt had also been partnered by robert winston , willie supple and kieren fallon .

•royal ascot selections : 2 . 30 chic . 3 . 05 bollin eric . 3 . 45 airwave . 4 . 20 fire up the band .

after finishing eighth in the arc behind dalakhani , the decision was taken to retire bollin eric to the national stud in newmarket for the 2004 season .

three racing dynasties can fittingly combine to win saturday ' s st leger , the 226th running of the world ' s oldest classic race , with bollin eric .

last year ' s st leger winner bollin eric is set to take his place in this sunday ' s prix de l ' arc de triomphe at longchamp .

these days , eric seems to be a little frustrated with all the presidential polls taking place . while his co - hosts were nodding in disapprovements , eric said ,

the horse she calls " eric " is by the 1996 epsom derby winner shaamit out of bollin zola , the dam of bollin joanne , who won the group three duke of york stakes but sadly died last year after breaking her femur while in foal .

four years ago the partisan crowd at doncaster erupted when bollin eric galloped to victory in the st leger , providing a local win for yorkshiremen tim easterby and kevin darley .

bollin eric crowned a successful season last year by winning the st leger at doncaster and he can take the hardwick stakes ( 3 . 05pm ) for yorkshire trainer tim easterby .

pat smullen ' s mount had been odds - on for last year ' s win but on this occasion was a 2 - 1 second favourite to 2002 doncaster winner bollin eric .

a little over two weeks later , winston was on board again as bollin eric took home the prince of wales cup at doncaster by three - quarters of a length from hoax .

but lingwood , who has been at norton grove in one capacity or another since 1960 , is banking on bollin eric ' s popularity in yorkshire proving a draw for prospective customers .

the bollin tag on their horses reflects the westbrooks ' cheshire roots , as the rolling 150 acres of their prestbury home , white gables , is cut in two by the river bollin .

both the 1994 and 1995 derby winners , erhaab and lammtarra , failed dismally at stud , while the 1996 winner , shaamit , sired st leger winner bollin eric , but precious little else .

bollin ted is a beverley specialist and a mile and quarter is his trip . he doesn’t mind fast ground and he is very adaptable . he is from the bollin breed who improve in time .

trained by tim easterby at great habton , bollin eric announced his arrival at beverley in august 2001 - taking a maiden race by four lengths with york - based jockey robert winston in the saddle .

so far bollin eric ( 3 . 25 ) has improved with each outing this season and his trainer tim easterby should now have him somewhere near his best with the king george looming large on july 26 .

he became the first locally - trained horse to be successful in the oldest classic since peleid won in 1973 , and added to that bollin eric posted first classic successes for both his trainer and his jockey .

cut from 16 - 1 to 10 - 1 yesterday by the bookmakers coral for the big ascot race , bollin eric has the class and courage to give weight all round in the princess of wales ' s stakes .

not since bollin eric won the marathon mile and three quarter contest in 2002 for great habton ' s tim easterby has anyone from the county won the blue riband event on town moor and johnston has come nearer than most .

now bollin eric is back in north yorkshire . after a spell at the national stud , owner sir neil westbrook has moved the eight - year - old to norton grove stud - where owner richard lingwood is naturally delighted .

shaamit , won gr . 1 derby stakes . 3rd king george vi and queen elizabeth stakes . died after only 3 crops . sire of bollin eric , lygeton lad , harlestone greyetc son of mtoto , sire of the leading nh sire presenting etc .

bollin eric was to be placed three more times in group and listed contests that summer , and while he failed to win , it was evident through his resolute style of running and tenacity that a step - up in trip would prove the making of him .

retiring from racing , bollin terry came to puddledub in late 1999 and had his first covering season in 2000 with just 3 mares .

with his racetrack career now becoming a distant memory , lingwood says bollin eric is settling in nicely at norton grove ' s 98 acres . " he ' s a grand , quiet horse , " he said . " he ' s as good as gold . "

bollin eric belongs to the 85 - year - old sir neil westbrook , a former lord mayor of manchester , who splits his racing interests along gender lines with his wife of 57 years , lady joan : their fillies run in her name and the colts in his .

ever the bridesmaid , the tim easterby trained bollin eric was a good second today in the king edward vii stakes g2 at royal ascot . it is believed that the colt will continue to be aimed at the st leger , probably via the great voltigeur stakes at york .

i liked bollin eric on the track . he ran a courageous st . leger and was a very good stayer . i don ' t know why he wouldn ' t produce a decent sporthorse . have you checked to see if any of his offspring are in nh racing / training ?

bollin eric had always been highly thought of by easterby , and finished placed in two maidens as a juvenile before winning on his third attempt at beverley over a mile , storming four lengths clear of his nearest pursuer . this was followed up by victory in a valuable nursery at doncaster .

" there seem to have been westbrooks , easterbys and bollins for as long as i can remember , " he said . " i recall when i was an amateur jockey winning a race on gowanloch from the bollin strain at newmarket , and a few more winners i rode began with bollin .

born in 1994 , he was in training with tim easterby in malton , yorkshire who has trained all the bollin horses for owner / breeders sir neil and lady westbrook . by terimon and out of bollin zola who was by alzao ( usa ) he was destined for the flat and ran a total of 20 races in his career , winning 2 and placed in a further 8 and winning a total of £26 , 968 . his dam is also the dam of bollin joanne who was a group 3 winner and £118 , 512 and bollin eric who won the st leger ( one of only„ classic races ran in britain each year ) and a total prize money tally of over £506 , 000 and was named champion european stayer .

it ' s a crucial time for bollin eric . the first two - year - olds he has sired are either on the track , or will soon make their racecourse debuts , and their success will go a long way to determining how popular he will be as a stallion in the future .

bollin eric isn ' t the only top class horse they have at norton grove . currently in the ranks is gentleman ' s deal - a winter derby winner outof sire of sires danehill - and timeless times , a group - winning performer who is the sire of the winners of 206 races .

but eric boiling and kimberly guilfoyle reminisced about it all and accepted that it had made them a better person after it all . after talking about their rivalry with kathy griffin and anderson cooper ( with eric throwing some minor shade on kathy ' s antic during past year ' s new years eve ) , eric and kimberly talked to tvnewser about their relationship along with what it felt to be part of the fox family and its current state .

and so it did . the one - mile - six - furlong trip of the leger may have been the undoing of favourite bandari , but bollin eric relished every yard of it , beating highest by a length and a quarter , with future ascot gold cup winner mr dinos back in fifth place .

like his namesake river , bollin eric just keeps rolling along . it would round off the season nicely if such a stout stayer could land the final classic for the westbrooks , the easterbys and the north - just to prove that if you have the stamina , you ' ll get there in the end .

bollin eric ( gb ) b . h , 1999 { 4 - d } dp = 5 - 2 - 8 - 5 - 2 ( 22 ) di = 1 . 00 cd = 0 . 14 - 18 starts , 4 wins , 4 places , 5 shows career earnings : $ 850 , 102

the thoroughbred breeders association annual awards for 2002 sees a victory for yorkshire with sir neil and lady westbrook winning the tba flat breeder of the year award . this was mainly due to the success of st . leger winner bollin eric , who was bred and raised at the easterby ' s easthorpe hall stud .

the older horses staked their claim for major middle - distance honours in the eclipse at sandown and today at newmarket it should be the turn of bollin eric , last year ' s st leger winner , to show he is a worthy contender for the king george vi & queen elizabeth diamond stakes later this month .

still at newmarket and the tim easterby trained bollin eric puts up a strong performance to finish a close third in the feilden s l , . possibly a leger horse in the making ? ! ? at the same track david nicholls has another good result when his fire up the band wins the £10 , 530 exning h .

first - season sires passing glance and deportivo have been purchased to enhance the current group of established sires standing at the stud , which include the highly successful bahamian bounty . the stud is also home to helissio , silver patriarch and passing glance , while bollin eric will spend the 2005 season at wood farm stud in shropshire .

the four - year - old ' s group one penalty will always make bollin eric vulnerable in races like this . but he finished clear of two of today ' s rivals , zindabad and bandari , in similar circumstances at royal ascot when caught close home by indian creek and he is likely to have come on again for that run .

two good yorkshire performances up at doncaster today , and they were both winners . the tim easterby trained bollin eric confirmed the form of his previous good runs when winning the £18 , 931 ralph raper memorial prince of wales cup nursery . this colt , who is a 1 / 2 brother to former stable star bollin joanne , could well pick up some more good prizes next season . later on lynda ramsden yet again showed she has lost non of her magic touch with sprinters when astonished won the scarbrough stakes l .

whether or not eric claims his niche in the classic records on saturday , his forebears have already carved a little place in history , as his trainer tim easterby explains .

eric bolling is also the author of a book titled “ wake up america : the nine virtues that made our nation great—and why we need them more than ever . ”

2016 was a big year for fox news and eric bolling . from the 2016 american election to the roger ailes sexual harassment scandal , the fox family went through a lot .

the horse , given the prefix ' bollin ' after the river which runs through the westbrook ' s cheshire estate , was foaled in easterby ' s easthorpe hall stud , in malton .

his sire , bollin eric , developed into a high - class middle - distance horse for tim easterby , a st leger win being the highlight . very much a dual - purpose stallion , his progeny progress well with racing . they include 12 - time winner over fences and hurdles , grandads horse , and seven - time victor on the flat , lady florence .

fox news host eric bolling is suing huffington post columnist yashar ali for defamation . ali talks to cnn ' s brian stelter about the case and why he ' s fighting it .

" people who own a top class racehorse that could be a top class stallion aren ' t keen to stand it in the north , " lingwood said . " you have now got to have something that has won group races and , because of bollin eric ' s reputation , we have that . the easterbys will also be a big help . they have persuasive tongues . "

born on march 2 , 1963 , in chicago , illinois , u . s . eric is a graduate of rollins college in 1984 with a ba degree in economics . eric was a commodities trader on the new york mercantile exchange and later got involved in developing cnbc ' s fast money , but later , he left cnbc and became a financial analyst at the fox news network .

he was retired to the national stud where in 1998 he became the first european horse to serve as a shuttle stallion to south africa . he subsequently moved to scarvagh house stud , county down , northern ireland where he died of a ruptured stomach on 7 april 2001 . [ 14 ] by far the best of his progeny was his son bollin eric who won the st . leger in 2002 . [ 15 ]

another two - year - old who won ' t have too much more racing this season is bollin eric , who landed a gamble in the ralph raper memorial prince of wales cup for tim easterby . " i never picked him out until he hit the front , " said easterby , who was celebrating his 40th birthday . " he ' s always been a good horse at home and had been working tremendously . "

bollin eric was kept in training as a four - year - old and proved himself to be as consistent as ever in eight starts , including a second to indian creek in the hardwicke stakes and a fourth place in a vintage renewal of the king george behind alamshar – finishing in front of falbrav , nayef and grandera . his final success came with a decisive victory in the lonsdale stakes , defeating cover up by two lengths .

in the group 2 king edward vii stakes ( ascot derby ) over 12 furlongs at royal ascot , balakheri took his revenge on subsequent st leger winner bollin eric , carrying top weight and defeating him impressively by 4 lengths , with first charter back in third . balakheri ' s other two outings were both in classics , starting second favourite for the group 1 budweiser irish derby finishing 6 lengths off high chaparral just 9 days after winning at royal ascot & finishing 6th

" eric has been very consistent this season without winning because he hasn ' t had his going . a bit of give in the ground on saturday would give him a little edge because he has got a reasonably high action .

a baseball player turned commodity trader turned television personality , eric bolling is married to adrienne bolling . he was married in the year of 1997 . they have been married for around 19 years , and the couples are still going strong .

winner of gr . 1 st leger . european champion stayer at 3 yo not just staying power but speed too ! " he was a fantastically good natured colt , whose sharp tactical speed was a great help in his races . we had a top class sprinter at the same time in somnus , but bollin eric could beat him at home over six furlongs . he was absolutely genuine and i have trained several of his offspring , who are just the same " tim easterby .

siring winners from his first few crops , inc : nh nearly 50 % winners / placed to lifetime nh runners . grands horse - 9 races , 2011 - 2013 or : 137 chasers and hurdles , 2011 / 2012 . " strong gelding most progressive over hurdles " . seymour eric - 5 races over hurdles , rated 135 . oyster shell - over hurdles , 2013 rattlin - 3 races , 2013 barney cool - easy winner of bumper bollin judith - over hurdles , 2012 / 13 . also the winners of 7 point - to - points in 2013 , inc . it was me - 4 wins . brave buck - winner over hurdles at 5 years by 11 lengths , oct 2013 . and on the flat . lady florence - 7 wins over 7f and 8f . bollin judith - 6 wins over 1m6f at 3 to 5 years . brasingaman eric - 3 wins over 12 , 14 and 16 furlongs . for other runners and results go to news .

bollin terry has also been very successful in the show ring , being champion or reserve champion every time out as a hunter , hack and ex - racehorse at such prestigeous shows as the aberdeen spring show , ingliston grand slam and festival of champions .

the roisin hickey - trained cecil corbett vindicated some previous promise by springing a mild surprise with corky carroll in the first division of this same contest . the physically - imposing cecil corbett , who fell two out when holding placed prospects on his debut at tallow in february , challenged from two out and he eased to the front on the inner in the closing stage to record an authoritative success over the promising just a par . the bollin eric - sired cecil corbett is now likely to take in some of the forthcoming sales .

" eric and i are like brother and sister , we text throughout the day , same with greg ( gutfeld ) and dana ( perino ) . juan ( williams ) is such a good sport , and he puts up with a lot of our craziness . ”

we have heard that eric bolling is quite the happy man having both personal life and professional life in perfect balance . professional life might be easy to handle but what about his married life ? let ' s know about the man who gets criticized for his high pay .

we thought that they had more than one children in the long run of 19 years . well , they surprised us . the couples have a son , only a son . his name is eric chase , and he is quite a handsome and charming fellow like his father .

does anyone know where presenting got his jumping ability from ? he ' s a tb stallion by mtoto and has sired several top class chasers including denman and war of attrition . is the jump coming from mtoto or is it from his damline ? urltoken the reason i ask is that i ' m casting around for a tb to sire an eventer . there ' s a stallion called bollin eric whose grandsire is mtoto that looks rather nice but since he ' s only raced on the flat i don ' t know if he can jump . can any of the pedigree experts cast any light on the likelihood of this please ? urltoken

in april 2006 , bollin terry was graded with scottish sports horse , where aged 12 years old he was asked to jump for the first time in his life , showing a natural aptitude and a neat technique . he impressed the dutch graders with his conformation , paces and athletism and they awarded him the highest marks the society has ever given a thoroughbred stallion .

bollin terry has covered a wide range of mares , from small , fine flat race mares to big rangey chasers and from small 13hh ponies to an 18hh percheron . he appears to have the unique ability to add size and substance to finer mares and quality and elegance to the heavier mare . there doesn ' t seem to be a mare that does not suit him .

" for a race of this class i always aim to get the horse there fit on the day , as a lot of things can go wrong in this game . but at this stage eric is fine , and if the going turns out to be good to soft it would suit us . the extra furlongs of the leger could also come into play . "

he is none other than eric bolling , co - host of the famous early evening show called “the five” ( alongside kimberly guilfoyle , greg gutfeld , dana perino and juan williams ) . you sure have heard about the five , right ? ; the one that airs on fox news channel . even if you haven’t , you don’t need to worry about it . we’ll fill you up .

four weeks later in the king george vi and queen elizabeth stakes , alamshar looked even better . in the words of johnny murtagh , " he came alive in my hands " , after tracking the leaders into the straight and pulled away to win by three and a half lengths from sulamani , with kris kin third and top performers such as falbrav , warrsan , grandera , nayef , millenary and bollin eric among the also - rans . the guardian ' s correspondent called the race " one of the strongest renewals of the king george for many years " and wrote that " alamshar simply took them apart " . [ 15 ] oxx expressed his satisfaction , describing it as " a no - worries race " , whilst explaining that the horse ' s back problems had required " a lot of work " . [ 1 ]

the end of the ' proper ' flat season see ' s an appropriate 755 - 1 treble for mark johnston , the highlight of which was the victory of knavesmire omen in the £17 , 761 saffie joseph & sons handicap . the other two winners were in the opening two races and included marina park ' s daughter marinas charm , getting her first win on her third attempt . both these opening johnston winners were at the expense of tim easterby , and he also had to contend with the runner - up slot in the big race of the day with bollin nellie filing that position in the november handicap . the season ends with johnston in third place in the trainers championship with 131 winners and well over £2 million in win and place prize money , with tim easterby and david nicholls also high up the ranks . paul hanagan , who is attached to richard fahey ' s yard , is champion apprentice . there were five group one wins for yorkshire trainers with royal rebel , yavana ' s pace , continent ( 2 wins ) and bollin eric providing the big race wins , this is the largest group one haul in one season for yorkshire trainers since the introduction of the pattern system , and shows that yorkshire racing is still on the rise , with the ' defection ' of bryan smart further strengthening the ranks for next season .

close , but not close enough . the mark johnston trained sir george turner was defeated by the shortest of heads in the dee stakes l at chester today by the barry hills trained sohaib . the nashwan colt came from behind to catch the front runner but couldn ' t seem to get past him and was possibly ' eye - balling ' the opposition instead of pushing on to the finish . the trainer is now contemplating a quick reappearance in the dante at york next week , but with the addition of blinkers . this result slightly dents the form of the tim easterby trained bollin eric , as his newmarket conqueror , playapart , was back in third place , but he ' s another possible for the dante as well . later on the chester card the david nicholls trained hormuz was succesful in the £9 , 126 stratstone aston martin handicap , with his stable mate mister rambo filling the runner - up berth .

in what must rank as one of the best weeks ever for yorkshire trainers ( in terms of the breadth of quality results achieved by a wide number of trainers ) the last day proves to be no exception ! at haydock the andy turnell trained jelani , fourth in the derby last time out , continues his st . leger preparation with a nice confidence boosting win in the july trophy stakes l . the tim easterby trained bollin eric was sent off odds - on favourite in the same race , but could only finish a very disappointing third of only four runners . meanwhile over at the curragh there was even a big race double on the irish oaks card for yorkshire trainers . mark johnston started things off with the kennet valley owened gateman winning the minstrel stakes g3 under keith dalgleish . in the next race it was the turn of the sprint king dandy nicholls , and he made off with the £36 , 809 ladbroke rockingham handicap with awake , a horse formerly trained by johnston , who was second at newmarket earlier this week , behind yesterdays winner brave burt .

hi ss , mtoto is by busted who has had his fair share of nh stallions . busted has a nice wild risk cross through his dam which is good for jumping . the dam of mtoto is mincio . minicio is by relic who shows up in succesful jumping lines as well . mincio ' s dam has a couple of nice crosses with dollar too which is also success for jumping . denman ' s mom , polly puttens , had some very nice jumping lines as well . i think all but one of her children ran and win , but can ' t be sure . i know last year there was a nice thing on her pedigree and how successful she was as a broodmare . of course by the time denman rolled around she was nearly done her producing days . i think she had 4 or 5 black type winners . war of attrition is out of a good thyne mare who in turn is out of a strong gale mare . both of whom have been big sires of nh horses . bollin eric is by shaamit who has proven himself in eventing already if i ' m not mistaken so i don ' t think you could go wrong . viney is way better at this than me so i ' m hoping she chimes in with more help ! terri

first day of the " royal ascot of the north " - the ebor meeting at york . mark johnston starts as he means to go on when bourbonnais wins the opening acomb stakes l in good style . in the next race johnston has another good result when darasim is a respectable third in the lonsdale stakes g3 . in the fourth race of the day the johnston ' sure thing ' of the meeting - bandari - obliges when taking the great voltigeur stakes g2 and must surely now have a good chance in the st . leger . this was johnston ' s 100th winner of the season - making him the first person to achieve that level this year ( richard hannon is hot on his heels ) and also making it the ninth year in a row that he has made this landmark . only henry cecil has achieved 100 winners 9 seasons in a row , and if johnston can do this again next season he will be the first person ever to do it 10 years in a row . in the same race the tim easterby trained bollin eric is a decent third , but he perhaps needs to be dropped down to listed class to get his first stakes win . in the fifth race , the knavesmire handicap , the alan swinbank trained collier hill puts up a decent performance to be second . in the final race of the day there is another good yorkshire performance when the tim easterby trained forever times is second in the links of london showcase handicap . less welcome is the news that scott ' s view , mark johnston progressive stayer , has not made the cut for the ebor handicap .

a good day at the races with yorkshire trainers winning the feature races at both york and sandown . up at york the hero of the day was tim easterby ( who ' s had a good week ) who trained 25 - 1 shot artie to win the big race , the £49 , 010 william hill trophy handicap , just ahead of the david barron trained impressiveflight with the david nicholls charge fire up the band back in third . easterby had also won the previous race when his bollin nellie won the £11 , 310 queen mother ' s cup under a good ride from former malton trainer bill elsey ' s daughter annie elsey . down at sandown meanwhile yorkshire also dominated the finish of the main race with the james bethell trained mine finishing ahead of the mark johnston trained bouncing bowdler ( putting up an increasingly rare good run ) in the £14 , 024 tote scoop6 handicap . incredibly it ' s the middle of june , james bethell has ' only ' had two winners all year , but they ' re both ' major ' winners ! ! ? allegedly england won a football game or something as well .

shergar cup day at ascot . but they probably should have called it middleham benefit day ! the format of the ' challenge ' leads to some rare jockey / trainer combinations , and thus it was in the opening race , the £22 , 550 shergar cup mile handicap which was won by the mark johnston trained bouncing bowlder who was ridden by richard hughes . the next race was the shergar cup juvenille auction and the patrick haslam trained devious boy continued his fine run by coming second in this race under david flores , picking up £7 , 518 in the process . third race on the card was the shergar cup distaff rated handicap , where a blow was struck for the ryedale region when the john wainwright trained vita spericolata showed she ' s right back in form by coming second under andreas suborics , and collecting a useful £8 , 500 for her efforts . in the next race mark johnston struck again , this time in combination with pat eddery , when mana d ' argent won the £25 , 000 shergar cup stayers handicap . the penultimate race was perhaps the best result for yorkshire racing fans as it was won by the chris fairhurst trained king ' s welcome , the race being the £25 , 000 shergar cup challenge rated handicap . fairhurst has had a relatively quiet season so far but this was one of his biggest ever wins . the timeasterby trained bollin nellie was a somewhat unlucky third in the same race . the only race where yorkshire wasn ' t involved in the finish was the final one ! ' gb & ire ' beat ' rest of the world ' , but the real winner was middleham !

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won 4 races , 2 to 4 years , £506 , 294 , and placed 13 times from 18 starts . won , gr . i st . leger stakes 14f , doncaster . won , gr . 3 longsdale stakes 16f york . won , 2 races at 2 years . urltoken placed 2nd in gr . 2 dante stakes york , hardwicke stakes , 12f royal ascot king edward vii stakes 12f royal ascot . 3rd gr . 2 great voltigeur stakes 12f york , yorkshire cup 14f york . 4th gr . 1 king george vi and queen elizabeth stakes 12f ascot and 4th gr . 1 irish st . leger 14f the curragh

the colt , from a long line of british " homebreds " , has the right credentials to land the doncaster marathon , being handled by a legendary training family and owned by breeders who have carried the standard for northern racing for more than four decades .

lady joan said : " when we came into racing more than 40 years ago you couldn ' t use a prefix for more than two horses , but now sponsorship has changed all that . i can ' t remember how many bollins there have been over the years , but the name has been lucky .

" we have never had a classic runner , let alone a classic winner , and as we are both getting a little long in the tooth we hope the moment may have arrived . "

the westbrooks ' fortunes are inextricably linked with the easterby family . their broodmares are based at the easterby stable at malton , north yorkshire and the progeny is trained there .

peter easterby handed over the reins to his son tim not long ago , but the link goes back even further . " we started out with walter easterby , peter ' s uncle , at tadcaster , so it is a partnership steeped in tradition , " added lady joan .

· there were no surprise st leger withdrawals at yesterday ' s confirmation stage , with 13 hopefuls standing their ground , though kazzia is a doubtful starter as she has a foot abscess . if fit , the godolphin filly will attempt to become the first since oh so sharp in 1985 to win the fillies ' triple crown , having already landed the sagitta 1 , 000 guineas and vodafone oaks .

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f . by dodsworth . dam of " trumpet ' s dam " f . by place ' s white turk f . by brimmer f . by hautboy d ' arcy ' s counsellor , c . by lonsdale ' s counsellor . sire burford bull , c . by brimmer f . by brimmer young violet layton f . about 1715 by darcy ' s chesnut arabian ( may have been a granddaughter of the layton barb mare )

1887 reve d ' or ch . 1884 ( hampton - queen of the roses )

1921 love in idleness br . 1918 ( bachelor ' s double - cornfield )

1960 never too late ch . 1957 ( never say die - gloria nicky )

1798 sir harry br . c . 1795 ( sir peter teazle - matron )

1881 iroquois br . c . 1878 ( leamington - maggie b . b . )

1990 quest for fame b / br . c . 1987 ( rainbow quest - aryenne )

1816 the duchess b . f . 1813 ( cardinal york - miss nancy )

1907 wool winder b . c . 1904 ( martagon - st . windeline )

alice hawthorn b . f . 1838 ( muley - moloch - rebecca ) top runner from 1841 - 1845 , winning stakes and cups throughout england . established significant branch line through daughter lady hawthorne ; also dam of thormanby .

assault ch . c . 1943 ( bold venture - igual ) american triple crown winner , ran from ages 2 - 7 , with 18 wins from 42 starts . horse of the year in 1946 . infertile with thoroughbred mares , although he sired a few foals when pastured with quarter horse mares at king ranch in texas .

boudoir ii gr . f . 1938 ( mahmoud - kampala ) a refined race filly placed in cur ragh ' s irish 1 , 000 guineas , in america she bred nine winners , including flower bed , my host , your host and your hostess .

bruleur ( fr ) b . c . 1910 ( chouberski - basse terre ) top european colt of his generation , he won the grand prix de paris and the prix royal oak , went on to become a significant sire . his progeny include ksar , pot au feu , brulette , samos , madrigal ii , finglas .

cozzene gr . c . 1980 ( caro - ride the trails ) from ages 3 - 5 he won 10 of 24 starts , including the breeder ' s cup mile and number of important stakes races . has emerged as a strong american sire , his get includes alphabet soup , environment friend , haste to add , cozzene ' s prince .

dan cupid ch . c . 1956 ( native dancer - vixenette ) sent to france to race , he won , among others , the prix de sablonville and the prix de st . james . sired 14 stakes winners , including the great sea bird , dankara , gift card .

epinard ( fr ) ch . c . 1920 ( badajoz - epine blanche ) top european winner of such races as longchamp ' s grand criterium and the steward ' s cup at goodwood , and valiant runner - up in two famous 1924 international special races against america ' s best . sire of many good stakes winners in u . s . and europe , including rodosto , marica , epithet , hygro .

fall aspen ch . f . 1976 ( pretense - change water ) won 8 of 20 starts from 2 - 4 , including the matron stakes and the prioress stakes . ktdf broodmare of the year for 1994 , she was dam of 9 stakes winners , including colorado dancer , fort wood , timber country , hamas and native aspen .

fanfreluche b . f . 1967 ( northern dancer - ciboulette ) winner of 11 stakes races in the u . s . and canada , including the alabama stakes . champion 3 year old filly in america and canada , her 12 winning foals included medaille d ' or , l ' enjoleur , and la voyageuse .

flower bowl b . f . 1952 alibhai - flower bed ) won at ages 3 and 4 , including the delaware handicap and the ladies handicap at aqueduct ; she only had five foals , four of which won , including top juvenile filly bowl of flowers , graustark ( see ) and his majesty ( see ) .

graustark ch . c . 1963 ( ribot - flower bowl ) injury ended his stakes - winning career ( 6 wins of 7 starts ) , possibly terminating his potential as " another man o ' war . " leading broodmare sire in england 1985 . sire of key to the mint , avatar , caracolero , tempest queen , prove out .

habitat b . c . 1966 ( sir gaylord - little hut ) won 5 of 8 starts at 3 , his only season , including wills mile and prix quincey . as a sire , a source of brilliant speed , leading sire of broodmares in england 7 times . his best progeny include habibti , bitty girl , steel heart , steinlen , rose bowl , blue note .

hail to reason dkb / br . c . 1958 ( turn - to - nothirdchance ) won 9 of 18 starts at 2 ; injury forced his retirement to stud at three . leading sire in the u . s . in 1970 , offspring included admiring , bold reason , roberto , straight deal , regal gleam , personality , trillion , proud clarion , halo . a noted source of soundness and durability .

his majesty b . c . 1968 ( ribot - flower bowl ) ran from 2 to 5 , winning 5 of 22 starts , including the everglade stakes . leading sire in the u . s . in 1982 , offspring included battonier , cormorant , mehmet , pleasant colony , valiant nature , cetewayo , majesty ' s prince , brother to graustark .

hourless br . c . 1914 ( negofol - hour glass ii ) one of the best of his generation , won the grand union hotel stakes and the belmont stakes , among others . among his 21 stakes winners were helvetia , runaway lass , yearning , late date , mike hall , horometer .

iroquois br . c . 1878 ( leamington - maggie b . b . ) first american - bred horse to win the derby and st . leger , he also won the st . james ' s palace stakes and the prince of wales ' s stakes . leading sire in america in 1892 , offspring included tammany , g . w . johnson , rancocas , huron and nettie b .

kincsem liv . ch . f . 1874 ( cambuscan - water nymph ) the toast of europe , this hungarian - bred mare was the unbeaten winner of 54 races in 5 different countries , including the preis der jockey club , the goodwood cup , the grand prix de deauville . descendents waldcanter and wicht ( brothers ) both the top of their generations in the 1950s .

le sancy gr . c . 1871 ( atlantic - gem of gems ) genuine racehorse won the grand prix de deauville twice , among other races , and highly esteemed french sire , offspring included le samaritain , ex voto , toison d ' or .

little hut b . f . 1952 ( occupy - savage beauty ) won 5 of her 55 starts . she continued her line , known for producing courageous horses , with offspring including guest room , habitat , lodge and northfields .

mad hatter br / b . c . 1916 ( fair play - madcap ) won the jockey club gold cup among other races . although plagued by poor fertility , sired 23 stakes winners from 177 foals , including rosern , the nut and zelide .

maggie b . b . b . f . 1867 ( australian - madeline ) one of the most important matrons of the american turf , she produced francesca , harold , iroquois , jaconet ( dam of sir dixon ) , panique and red and blue .

mahubah b . f . 1910 ( rock sand - merry token ) speedy , but generally unsuccessful runner , she produced five foals , all sired by fair play : man o ' war , masda ( ancestress of assault ) , mirabelle , playfellow and my play .

man o ' war ch . c . 1917 ( fair play - mahubah ) winner of all but one of his 21 starts , probably the most famous horse of the american turf . leading american sire in 1926 . with limited opportunity , he sired 64 stakes winners from 379 foals , including war admiral , crusader , american flag , battleship , war relic , maid at arms , edith cavell , bateau , clyde van dusen , scapa flow , annapolis .

marguerite ch . f . 1920 ( celt - fairy ray ) important american broodmare , dam of the classy colts fighting fox , foxbrough , gallant fox and petee - wrack . the great race mares trillion and triptych descend from her daughter , margery .

matchem b . c . 1748 ( ( old ) cade - ( old ) partner mare ) one of the pillars of the thoroughbred breed , won matches in 1755 and 1756 and went on to become one of four stallions to have major influence on the breed . sire of tetotum , hollandaise , conductor , alfred , and many others .

mineral ch . f . 1863 ( rataplan - manganese ) modest winner of four races over four and five furlongs at age three , she proved an excellent broodmare , dam of derby winner kisber ( later leading sire in germany three times ) ; st . leger winner wenlock , later a good broodmare sire , and several other winners that bred on .

nearco br . c . 1935 ( pharos - nogara ) wilful unbeaten winner of the 14 races he ran at ages 2 and 3 , including the gran prix de paris . one of the most influential sires of the 20th century , he was leading sire in england three times in the late 1940s . offspring include amerigo , sayajirao , rivaz , arctic star , dante , masaka , and nasrullah , the latter , in his turn , becoming a highly significant sire .

neckar bl . c . 1948 ( ticino - arjaman ) won the german derby and the prix de chantilly among 4 other races prior to injury forcing his retirement . leading sire in germany five times ; leading broodmare sire three times . sire of kronzeuge , wilderer , waidwerk , zank .

nogara b . f . 1928 ( havresac ii - catnip ) top winner to 1600 meters at 2 and 3 in italy , including criterium nazionale and premio parioli . dam of top horses nearco , niccolo dell ' arca , nakamuro , naucide .

ribot b . c . 1952 ( tenerani - romanella ) perhaps the best racehorse of the 20th century , he was unbeaten in 3 years of racing . his wins included the prix de l ' arc de triomphe ( twice ) , the premio del jockey club e coppa d ' oro , the king george vi & queen elizabeth stakes . sire of 67 stakes winners from 423 foals in england , italy and the u . s . , including arts and letters , graustark , tom rolfe , roi soleil , ribocco , ribero , romulus , ragusa , his majesty .

sir dixon b . c . 1885 ( billet - jaconet ) stakes winning american , including belmont stakes , withers stakes , carlton stakes and travers stakes . leading american sire of 1901 , his fillies were better than his colts , and he became an outstanding broodmare sire . noted offspring include kilmarnock , agile , running water , audience , martha gorman , yankee girl .

storm bird b . c . 1978 ( northern dancer - south ocean ) canadian - bred winner of 5 of 6 races at 2 and 3 , including the national stakes and dewhurst stakes ; imported to america , became a top sire , offspring including storm cat , indian skimmer , acushla , bluebird , mukaddamah , balanchine , lonely bird and summer squall .

tredennis ch . c . 1898 ( kendal - st . marguerite ) did not win at the track , but became a leading sire . offspring included bachelor ' s double , clodagh , honey bee , lady wembley , red dennis , soldennis , tregaron , wet kiss .

whisk broom ii ch . c . 1907 ( broomstick - audience ) won 7 of 17 races in england , then back to the u . s . to win three important handicaps . retired at age 7 to sire a number of stakes winners , including diavolo , john p . grier , swing on , upset , panasette , victorian , whiskaway , whiskery .

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owner : the national stud ( gb ) breeder : sir neil & lady westbrook winnings : 18 starts : 4 - 4 - 5 , $ 850 , 102 1st st . leger s . ( gb - gr . 1 ) 2900m , lonsdale s . ( gb - g3 ) 3200m . 2nd : dante s . gr . 2 ( gb ) , hardwicke s . ( eng - gr . 2 ) , king edward vii s . gr . 2 ( gb ) . 3rd great voltigeur s . ( gb - g2 ) , yorkshire cup gr . 2 ( gb ) , fielden s . lr . ( gb ) , july s . lr . ( gb ) 4th king george vl & queen elizabeth s . gr . 1 ( gb ) , irish st . leger gr . 1 ( ire ) , prince of wales ' s . gr . 2 ( gb ) , irish village s . gr . 3 ( ire ) . foaled 2 / 18 / 99 . champion 3yo stayer in europe in 2002 . in 2008 stands at norton grove stud , gb . ( close )

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cephalotes rohweri is a species of arboreal ant of the genus cephalotes , characterized by an odd shaped head , and the ability to " parachute " by steering their fall if they drop off of the tree they 're on .

giving their name also as gliding ants .

cephalotes rohweri

cephalotes rohweri <EOT> the above specimen data are provided by antweb . please see cephalotes rohweri for further details

de andrade , m . l . ; baroni urbani , c . 1999 . diversity and adaptation in the ant genus cephalotes , past and present . stuttg . beitr . naturk . ser . b ( geol . paläontol . ) 271 : 1 - 889 ( page 568 , combination in cephalotes )

creighton , w . s . ; nutting , w . l . 1965 . the habits and distribution of cryptocerus rohweri wheeler ( hymenoptera , formicidae ) . psyche ( camb . ) 72 : 59 - 64 pdf ( page 59 , see also )

combination in cryptocerus ( cryptocerus ) : smith , 1947a pdf : 34 ; in paracryptocerus ( harnedia ) : smith , 1951c pdf : 825 ; in zacryptocerus : smith , 1979 : 1403 ; in cephalotes : de andrade & baroni urbani , 1999 : 568 .

combination in cryptocerus ( cryptocerus ) : smith , 1947a pdf : 34 ; in paracryptocerus ( harnedia ) : smith , 1951c : 825 ; in zacryptocerus : smith , 1979 : 1403 ; in cephalotes : de andrade & baroni urbani , 1999 pdf : 568 .

turtle / shield ants of genus cephalotes are canopy forest ants , which are nesting in tree branches and wood . in their mother countries , - brazil and guyana , in south america , they love suny habits between the field and the forest . they are polymorph , minors on the video are about 4 . 4mm , majors are between 5 . 4 - 6 . 9mm and there are also media casts , forms before major and minor workers . . . . queen is black , about 10 / 11mm , very beautiful with long gaster , but quite shy and cryptic . i feed them by honeywatter for ants but also by special nectar for bumble beeses and wasps . they also like eating insects . . . they are licking their food very quickly and they aren´t eating so much food , they don´t spend many time with eating . . . .

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these ants nest in branches and limbs of oaks ( quercus spp . ) . food consists of honeydew and small arthropods .

a member of the wheeleri clade differing from all the other species of the clade in the worker by the head and mesosoma irregularly foveolate - rugulose and by the infuscate frontal carinae , in the soldier and in the gyne by the dense foveae on the head and by the presence of hairs around the disc . ( de andrade and baroni urbani 1999 )

the following information is derived from barry bolton ' s new general catalogue , a catalogue of the world ' s ants .

: de andrade & baroni urbani , 1999 : 568 . see also : kempf , 1958a : 129 ; creighton & nutting , 1965 : 59 .

unless otherwise noted the text for the remainder of this section is reported from the publication that includes the original description .

kempf ( 1958 ) - total length ( only one specimen measured ) 5 . 2 mm ; maximum length of head 1 . 28 mm ; maximum length of thorax 1 . 43 mm . black ; the following ferruginous : mandibles , part of frontal carinae , apex of femora and tibiae , tarsites ii - v .

head opaque , trapezoidal . occipital corners not lobate , nor obliquely truncate , forming merely an obtuse angle . occipital border straight and transverse . dorsal face , excepting the rather flat , posteriorly very thick and scarcely translucid frontal carinae , and the declivous clearly limited clypeus , convex , finely and sharply punctate , coarsely foveolate , the pits wanting on the frontal carinae and on the clypeus . lower face coarsely reticulate - rugose and foveolate .

thorax opaque . anterior border convex in the middle , slightly concave toward the sides . scapular angle incorporated in the lateral pronotal crest , the latter tridentate , the anterior two teeth close together , triangular , the third tooth , forming the posterior corner of the crest , subrectangular . promesonotal suture absent . sides of mesonotum unarmed , immarginate . mesoepinotal suture absent . each side of epinotum with a slender spine , pointing laterad and slightly upward and caudad . in profile the dorsum of the thorax noticeably sloping behind pronotum , the latter convex and ascending . the entire thorax sharply punctate . dorsum reticulate - rugose , the meshes elongate on mesonotum . declivous face with longitudinal striae . laterotergite of pronotum reticulate - rugose and foveolate . pleura longitudinally rugose .

peduncular segments opaque , their dorsal face mostly longitudinally rugose . body of petiole subglobose , its anterior face vertically truncate ; from each side of the petiole at some distance from the anterior border , arises a slender , log , slightly curved and pointed spine , pointing obliquely caudad and upward . postpetiole with anteriorly broad , posteriorly more constricted body . a slender , longer , more recurved and pointed spine arising from each side , next to the anterior border . dorsum of postpetiole , as seen in profile , nearly flat .

gaster oval , opaque , finely and sharply punctured throughout . postpetiole insertion not emarginate , anterolateral borders immarginate . first tergite finely and densely longitudinally rugose on the sides .

standing hairs pointed , short , sparingly scattered over dorsum of head , thorax , peduncle and gaster , also on sternites , more oblique , but not decumbent , on legs . silvery scalelike hair minute on posterior portions of head disc , larger and more conspicuous on cheeks , dorsum of thorax , laterotergite of pronotum , dorsum of peduncular segments , lacking on gaster , but present on apical half of extensor face of femora . all foveolae on dorsum of head bear a small decumbent hair , visible only under high magnification .

kempf ( 1958 ) - total length ( one specimen only measured ) 6 . 9 mm ; maximum length of head 1 . 85 mm ; maximum length of thorax 1 . 82 mm . black ; the following fuscous - ferruginous : anterolateral portions of head ( variable in extent , always much infuscated ) , extreme tip of last funicular segment , knees and tarsites ii - v

head supopaque , surmounted by a slightly elongate disc ( 52 : 47 ) , the borders of which are evenly rounded anteriorly , except for the supramandibular excision , subparallel and rather straight on the sides , then abruptly , yet not forming a sharp angle , curved mesad , to join the scarcely convex , subtruncate occipital border . floor of disc moderately excavated anteriorly , shallowly excavated laterally , scarcely behind , having in the center a little prominent convexity . occipital lobes subrectangular . clypeal sutures obsolete . lateral border of lower face of head not distinctly marginate . integument of head finely reticulate - punctate , more superficially and densely on dorsum , more coarsely on lower face . likewise densely covered with large , rounded foveolae , the intervals between the foveolae not as broad as the diameter of the pits .

thorax opaque . anterior border convex in the middle , slightly concave toward the sides . anterior corner sharply dentate , the lateral border of the pronotum subparallel and crenulate in front of the carina , converging , rather straight behind the carina , not forming a prominent corner when joining the mesonotum . transverse carina sharply marginate and somewhat crenulate , broadly yet shallowly excised in the middle . promesonotal suture vestigial . lateral lobes of mesonotum scarcely projecting , broad , rounded , immarginate . mesoepinotal suture distinct . anterior and posterior corner of basal face of epinotum rounded , not angulate . on each side , somewhat in front of the posterior corner , a strong , prominent spine , pointing mainly laterad . sculpture of thorax as that of head , the foveolae sparser , except on basal face of epinotum . bottom of foveolae rather shiny . foveolae very sparse and irregularly dispersed on sides of the thorax , which also present reticulate rugosities . declivous face without macrosculpture .

peduncular segments opaque , dorsally reticulate - rugose and foveolate , their shape and lateral processes as in worker , but their bodies are more transverse , broader , and the spines are shorter . postpetiole much broader than petiole .

gaster dorsally opaque , ventrally more shining . postpetiolar insertion very little emarginate . anterolateral borders of gaster immarginate , never crested . first tergite heavily and densely punctate , with fine , longitudinal , dense rugosities , fading out caudad , before reaching the half . sculpture of sternite identical but more superficial .

standing hairs long and pointed at tip around the rim of cephalic disc anterolaterally , shorter and sparingly on dorsum of thorax , peduncle , and gaster , and on the sternites . oblique on legs . decumbent hair in foveolae of head and thorax usually very fine and scarcely visible , scalelike , silvery and glittering only on posterior border of basal face of epinotum , on peduncular segments , none on legs and gaster .

de andrade and baroni urbani ( 1999 ) - head disc present . posterior two thirds of the head dorsum almost flat , with a broad , little protruding central tumulus . anterior third of the head moderately concave . frontal carinae broadly expanded anteriorly , converging posteriorly and connected by a convex carina on the vertex . vertexal angles round and crenulate . eyes convex and not hidden by the disc in dorsal view . anterior clypeal border concave . mandibles with a lateral carina and partially hidden by the frontal carinae .

mesosoma flat in side view . humeral angles with an obtuse tooth anteriorly , straight posteriorly . pronotal carina marked and superficially interrupted in the middle . promesonotal suture impressed . propodeum differentiated in basal and declivous face ; basal face weakly convex dorsally , with convex sides ; declivous face little concave on the middle .

petiole distinctly differentiated in anterior and posterior faces ; anterior face vertical , posterior face slightly convex and with unarmed sides . postpetiole broadly convex , with a small lateral denticle on one side only of the sole available specimen .

legs . fore coxae with anterior tumulus . mid and hind femora without angle or denticles . mid and hind basitarsi without broad base and not compressed laterally .

sculpture . head , mesosoma and pedicel deeply punctate and covered by deep foveae broader than their interspaces , suboval and denser on the pedicel . frontal carinae punctate and with foveae sparser , smaller and shallower than in the other parts of the head . sides of the fore femora , ventral part of the mesopleurae and dorsal part of the metapleurae punctate , with superficial and sparse foveae . posterior half of the declivous face of the propodeum , legs and gaster reticulate - punctate , the same structure is present but very superficial on the ventral part of the first gastral sternite which is shining . outer face of the tibiae with oval and superficial foveae . anterior fourth of the first gastral tergite and sides of the anterior half of the first gastral sternite with anastomosing rugosities and rare foveae . few irregular rugosities on the meso - and metapleurae .

worker , soldier . type locality : buehman canyon , santa catalina mountains ( arizona ) . type material : lectotype soldier in the u . s . national museum , washington , d . c . , syntypes workers and soldiers in the u . s . national museum , washington , d . c . , museum of comparative zoology , museu de zoologia da universidade de sao paulo ( kempf , 1958 a : 129 ) , examined in part .

kempf , w . w . 1958a . new studies of the ant tribe cephalotini ( hym . formicidae ) . stud . entomol . ( n . s . ) 1 : 1 - 168 ( page 129 , see also )

mackay , w . p . and e . mackay . 2002 . the ants of new mexico ( hymenoptera : formicidae ) . edwin mellen press , lewiston , ny .

smith , d . r . 1979 . superfamily formicoidea . pp . 1323 - 1467 in : krombein , k . v . , hurd , p . d . , smith , d . r . , burks , b . d . ( eds . ) catalog of hymenoptera in america north of mexico . volume 2 . apocrita ( aculeata ) . washington , d . c . : smithsonian institution pr ( page 1403 , combination in zacryptocerus )

smith , m . r . 1947a . ants of the genus cryptocerus f . , in the united states . proc . entomol . soc . wash . 49 : 29 - 40 ( page 35 , queen described )

smith , m . r . 1951c . family formicidae . pp . 778 - 875 in : muesebeck , c . f . , krombein , k . v . , townes , h . k . ( eds . ) hymenoptera of america north of mexico . synoptic catalogue . u . s . dep . agric . agric . monogr . 2 : 1 - 1420 . ( page 825 , combination in paracryptocerus ( harnedia ) )

wheeler , w . m . 1916i . two new ants from texas and arizona . proc . n . engl . zool . club 6 : 29 - 35 ( page 32 , fig . 2 soldier , worker described )

this page was last modified on 24 march 2015 , at 06 : 33 .

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wheeler , 1916i pdf : 32 , fig . 2 ( s . w . )

see also : kempf , 1958a : 129 ; creighton & nutting , 1965 pdf : 59 .

1 times found in sonoran desert , 1 times found in burrow of aemaeodera .

1 times byrant lot 25 , 0 times desert hackberry , 1 times direct collection , 1 times general collecting , 0 times in cercidium microphyllum .

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research in our lab focuses on three main areas , all using social insects as model systems . first , the emergence of complexity and increased efficiency through collective behavior ; second , effects of scaling in complex systems ; and third , the role of learning and individual variability for collective success . we use a combination of empirical lab studies and theoretical approaches , such as individual - based simulations , as well as fieldwork . our main model systems are the bumble bee

evolution of collective behavior why division of labor in groups ? what is the adaptive benefit of worker polymorphism in bumble bees ? optimal allocation of defense specialists task allocation mechanisms and collective performance mechanisms of collective behavior polydomy in ants and coordination between nests spatial order in bumble bee nests learning and task performance scaling in insect colonies colony size , density , and energy use other topics individual vs . social optimal search patterns

even within the same colony , bumble bees produce workers of strongly varying sizes concurrently ( couvillon et al . 2010 ) . what is the adaptive function of this size variation ? we are testing the hypotheses that ( 1 ) different - sized workers are adaptive as specialists for different tasks ( perhaps not , in prep , even though body size is clearly predictive of what tasks workers perform : jandt et al . 2009 , jandt & dornhaus 2009 ) ; ( 2 ) that they are the result of a trade - off between cheap , low - quality and expensive , high - quality workers ( perhaps , in prep ) ; that ( 3 ) small workers have other benefits besides being cheaper to produce , even if they do not perform any task well ( they may live longer under conditions of dearth , couvillon & dornhaus 2010 ) ; or ( 4 ) that they are the non - adaptive result of a biased larval care system . we have also found that small workers do not seem to be adapted to flying at hotter temperatures ( couvillon et al . 2010 ) . there is however some evidence that colonies which do have workers of varying body size perform better at some tasks ( in prep ) .

we are studying the interactions and the exchange of workers , brood , and food between the nests of polydomous colonies .

we show that in colonies of bumble bees , bombus impatiens ( 1 ) workers tend to remain at a specific distance from the colony center independent of their age , and thus the spatial pattern of workers on the nest is not random ; ( 2 ) smaller individuals maintain smaller spatial zones and tend to be closer to the center ; and ( 3 ) individuals who are more likely to perform brood care tend to remain in the center of the nest , whereas foragers are more often found on the periphery of the nest when not foraging ( jandt & dornhaus 2009 ) . as brood is present in all areas of the nest , this leads to larvae in the center of the nest being fed more frequently than those in the periphery . as a consequence of this , ( 4 ) larvae in the periphery of the nest remain smaller and form smaller workers . this is a mechanism creating worker polymorphism ( couvillon & dornhaus 2009 ) . what is the mechanism creating spatial preferences in workers ? ongoing studies will address this .

the problem of how to compromise between speed and accuracy in decision - making faces organisms at many levels of biological complexity . striking parallels are evident between decision making in primate brains an collective decision - making in social insect colonies : in both systems separate populations accumulate evidence for alternative choices , when one population reaches a threshold a decision is made , and this threshold may be varied to compromise between the speed and accuracy of decision - making . we analyze the properties of both of these systems , and show in which ways the ant collective decision making system may be statistically optimal ( marshall et al . 2009 ) .

we used data from published literature to characterize commonalities and differences in host choice between the four major types of ant social parasitism : xenobiosis , temporary parasitism , dulosis , and inquilinism . our analysis shows that xenobiotic parasites tend to have single or multiple host species that are very distantly related and have medium to large host colonies . temporary parasites tend to have multiple host species that are very closely related and have medium host colonies . dulotic parasites tend to have multiple host species that are slightly less related and have host colonies of any size . lastly , inquiline parasites tend to have single host species that are very closely related and have medium host colonies . in addition , a parasite tends to be very closely related to its host when the parasite has a single host species or large host colony sizes ( huang & dornhaus 2008 ) .

click on the following parts to open different image pages from this road trip . from any image page , click the red home tab to get back to this home page

seinet plants of the superstitions by k . c . rice wayne ' s word trivia note about the turtle ant

a lthough i did not find the turtle ant on this road trip , i did make another interesting ant discovery in the superstitions . i found a minute army ant of the genus neivamyrmex under a rock . based on its minute size and several other distinguishing characteristics , i think it may be the seldom observed species n . nyensis . according to neivamyrmex authority gordon snelling ( personal communication , 26 jan . 2017 ) , it is n . leonardi ! a nearby rock had an equally small species of forelius , but army ants are easy to distinguish because they do not have eyes . since they are blind , they must trail closely behind each other , like following the car in front of you in dense fresno ground fog .

army ant worker ( neivamyrmex ) from under a rock on superstition mountain . based on the description and key to neivamyrmex in urltoken ( and small size ) , it appears to be n . nyensis , a seldom observed species . according to neivamyrmex authority gordon snelling ( personal communication , 26 jan . 2017 ) , it is n . leonardi !