the worm-eating warbler ( helmitheros vermivorum ) is a small new world warbler that breeds in the eastern united states and migrates to southern mexico and central america for the winter .

worm - eating warbler

worm - eating warbler <EOT> description : worm - eating warbler is the only warbler species in the genus helmitheros .

visit the bent life history for extensive additional information on the worm - eating warbler .

singing male worm - eating warbler , vinton co . , oh , 1 may .

the oldest known worm - eating warbler in the wild was 10 years , one month old .

relative abundance of worm - eating warbler , derived from breeding bird survey data , 1994 - 2003 .

thanks very much to gerry dewaghe for permission to use his marvelous photograph of a worm - eating warbler .

worm - eating warblers inhabit deciduous woods with banks , slopes , or gullies .

the worm - eating warbler was first described in 1789 by johann friedrich gmelin , a german naturalist , botanist and entomologist .

greenberg , r . 1987 . seasonal foraging specialization in the worm - eating warbler . condor 89 : 158 - 168 .

worm - eating warblers feed on spiders and insects , such as caterpillars . they primarily

diet : worm - eating warbler feeds mainly on caterpillars , insects and spiders , according to the season . it also consumes slugs .

the foraging behavior of the worm - eating warbler has been studied in both its summer and its winter habitats ( e . g . ,

greenberg , r . 1987 . seasonal foraging specialization in the worm - eating warbler . condor no . 89 : 158 - 168 . close

range : worm - eating warbler breeds in south - eastern united states , in dense deciduous forests . it winters in central america and caribbean .

one of 5 + worm - eating warblers singing along roadsides in the mark train national forest .

worm - eating warblers are sensitive to forest fragmentation , requiring large , unbroken tracts of habitat .

helmitheros vermivorus = worm - eating warbler sleeping , feedis on midges , back to sleep . at montrose point , chicago , may 2016 photo gallery at urltoken

habitat : worm - eating warbler lives mainly in dense undergrowth on wooded slopes . it breeds in mature forests with dense understory , and it winters in tropical forests .

the oldest recorded worm - eating warbler was a male , and at least 8 years , 1 month old when he was recaptured and rereleased during banding operations in connecticut .

the worm - eating warbler’s nest is a cup of dead leaves and is lined with moss and fungi . it is placed on the ground , often under a sapling or shrub .

worm - eating warblers forage in trees and shrubs , as well as on the ground , probing dead leaves for insects .

your ebird trip data anywhere on the worm - eating warbler’s journey — wherever it “hangs out” — - is a valuable contribution to learning more about this obscure but fascinating little forest songbird .

donegan , t . m . and b . c . huertas h . 2002 . first mainland record of worm - eating warbler helmitheros vermivorus for colombia . cotinga 17 : 77 - 78 .

flight : worm - eating warbler performs direct flights within canopy . before or after a fight , male may use fluttering flight , in aggressive behaviour . it can hover in order to capture flying insects .

though common in houston during spring migration , this well camouflaged warbler can be difficult to spot as it prefers to remain in the understory in dense thickets and woodlands . the song of the worm - eating warbler is a rapid , dry trill , often insect - like .

the worm - eating warbler is next , another early offshoot and ( still ) the only member of the genus helmitheros . on its wintering grounds , this species specializes in foraging at dead , curled leaves .

we included slope ( si2 ) in our model because of the prevalence of steep slopes in the territories of worm - eating warblers . we defined slope classes based on data from gale and others ( 1997 ) who identified the relative preference of various slopes for worm - eating warblers

in the forest understory , the worm - eating warbler specializes in recovering invertebrates from suspended tangles of dead leaves . this warbler seeks out dangling leaf clusters and pries or tears each crisp leaf open with its slim pointed beak to expose caterpillars , spiders and small insects . it will systematically work its way up through brambles and vines searching through the hanging curled leaves for its meal . the worm - eating warbler will also glean insects off green leaves and probe the bark of tree trunks and branches for insects .

status in tennessee : the worm - eating warbler is an uncommon to fairly common migrant across the state , and a fairly common summer resident in east and the western highland rim of middle tennessee . it arrives in mid - april and departs by early september . populations appear to be declining in the state . the worm - eating warbler appears on the audubon watchlist due to threats of forest fragmentation on the breeding grounds , and deforestation on the wintering grounds .

a small , drab , but elegantly marked bird of the eastern deciduous forests , the worm - eating warbler is often found on steep slopes with dense understory . true to its name , it feeds largely on caterpillars ( " worms " ) .

the worm - eating warbler is olive - brown at a glance with a buffy head and underparts , and distinct black stripes on its crown and through its eyes . these bold head stripes are helpful field marks . its legs are noticeably pink .

although the worm - eating warbler forages in the understory near the ground and nests on the ground , it does not spend much time on the forest floor . it does not forage there , and when on the ground it hops instead of walking .

the breeding season for the worm - eating warbler in new jersey is between early - may and mid - august . nests are built on the ground , usually on hillsides among dead leaves and tree roots , often at the base of a sapling .

the worm - eating warbler has brownish - olive upperparts , an orange - buff breast , and a head heavily striped with black and buffy orange . other than the stripes on the head , it is very plain , lacking wing bars or other stripes .

we also included forest patch size ( si3 ) as a model parameter to account for the preference of worm - eating warblers for forest interiors . we fit a logistic function

protection / threats / status : worm - eating warblers are mainly threatened by habitat loss , due to fragmentation and destruction of forested habitats , and human developments . they are preyed upon by mammals and snakes when at nest . corvids can take eggs and nestlings . nest can be parasitized by brown - headed cowbirds in fragmented forests . however , at this moment , worm - eating warbler’s populations seem to be stable across united states .

comments by don verser : worm - eating warblers sometime give a thin call note , similar to that of black - and - white , when moving around in the woods .

. we assumed worm - eating warblers occurred in forests with low stem densities , but these habitats had lower suitability scores than sites with well - developed understories characterized by dense stems .

the breeding range of the worm - eating warbler extends across much of the eastern half of the us from iowa in the northwest to new england in the northeast and as far south as the gulf coast . it winters in the west indies , central america and southeastern mexico .

the worm - eating warbler is sensitive to forest fragmentation and requires large tracts of mature forest with dense understory patches of shrubs . feral cats and subsidized predators may threaten this species’ nesting success since their nest locations are highly vulnerable on the ground . it is currently listed as a species of

worm - eating warblers breed across much of the eastern u . s . , though locally . they winter in mexico , central america , and the west indies . the population is stable .

the appalachian mountains are at the core of the worm - eating warbler’s breeding range . pennsylvania accounts for approximately 10 percent of the total nesting population , so it is critical that our state maintains the quality and quantity of forest needed for the continued existence of this songbird . the northern edge of the worm - eating warbler’s breeding range extends through pennsylvania following the eastern edge of the appalachian mountains . it breeds primarily east of the allegheny front and is much less common , even accidental in some counties , in the western and northern parts of the state and absent through the northwest corner in summer .

when male is establishing its territory , it can be aggressive , pursuing neighbours and chasing them , trying to peck each other . usually , males fight more often than females . breeding territory is established by male by singing from perches after arriving on breeding areas . worm - eating warblers are monogamous . female solicits copulation by spreading and drooping wings , with tail cocked upwards . copulation occurs usually in subcanopy , on small branches . worm - eating warbler is migratory . they travel by night , probably long distances .

stasz , j . l . 1996 . worm - eating warbler ( helmitheros vermivorus ) . pages 352 - 353 in c . s . robbins and e . a . t . blom , editors . atlas of the breeding birds of maryland and the district of columbia . university of pittsburgh press , pittsburgh .

during spring migration , magee marsh braces itself for an all - out warbler ( and birder ) invasion .

gale , g . a . 1995 . habitat selection in the worm - easting warbler ( helmitheros vermivorus ) : testing different spatial scales . university of connecticut , storrs , connecticut . ph . d . dissertation .

late in incubation the female worm - eating warbler sits so tight on her nest that only touching her will flush her . her cryptic coloring makes immobility a safe strategy . if she is flushed , she will flutter across the ground with her wings and tail spread , acting helpless to lure predators away from the nest .

hanners , l . a . , and s . r . patton . 1998 . worm - eating warbler ( helmitheros vermivorum ) . the birds of north america , no . 367 ( a . poole and f . gill , eds . ) . the birds of north america , inc . , philadelphia , pa .

vitz , andrew c . , lise a . hanners and stephen r . patton . 2013 . worm - eating warbler ( helmitheros vermivorum ) , version 2 . 0 . in the birds of north america ( p . g . rodewald , editor ) . cornell lab of ornithology , ithaca , new york , usa .

young worm - eating warblers typically leave their nest 8 - 10 days after hatching . chicks as young as five days old have been observed leaving the nest and surviving , although they cannot fly at that age .

behaviour : worm - eating warbler forages in trees among foliage , on branches and twigs . it also forages in leaf litter , searching for caterpillars and other invertebrates . it feeds using several manners . it can hang towards live or dead leaves , insert bill into holes and bark crevices or leaf curls for grabbling preys , and also perform sally - hover attacks for taking moving insects , and remove prey from curled leaf , grasping it with foot and using its bill . worm - eating warbler is rarely seen on the ground where it hops rather than walks . it is an arboreal bird , moving easily from branch to branch by hopping or creeping on trunks .

three or four worm - eating warblers are on territory on our property in central missouri near columbia by about the time morels are coming up in mid - april . they are vigorous singers and have a subtle beauty .

worm - eating warbler : breeds from southeastern iowa , across the ohio valley , into the mid - atlantic states and southern new england , ranging into the southern states . spends winters in the tropics from central mexico , the yucatan peninsula , and the west indies to areas south . dry , wooded hillsides are the preferred habitat of this species .

the worm - eating warbler is a small migratory songbird about 5 - 5 ½ inches in length . both the male and female are a dull olive color . the back is darker than the buff - colored belly and breast and the buff - colored head has black stripes along the eyes and on the crown . its tail is relatively short and its bill large .

gale , g . a . , l . a . hanners and s . r . patton . 1997 . reproductive success of worm - eating warblers in a forest landscape . conserv . biol . no . 11 : 246 - 250 . close

stephenson , t . and s . whittle ( 2013 ) . the warbler guide . princeton university press , new jersey , usa .

curson , j . ( 2018 ) . worm - eating warbler ( helmitheros vermivorum ) . in : del hoyo , j . , elliott , a . , sargatal , j . , christie , d . a . & de juana , e . ( eds . ) . handbook of the birds of the world alive . lynx edicions , barcelona . ( retrieved from urltoken on 9 july 2018 ) .

reproduction : worm - eating warbler female selects the nest - site within the male’s territory , usually the same site year after year . female builds the nest alone , but male remains nearby . nest is placed near water , stream or wetland . nest is situated on the ground , on hillside or bank . it is often well hidden among vegetation , against roots , beside rock ledge , or in dense low shrubs .

a dry trilled song in the undergrowth of deciduous woods in summer announces that the worm - eating warbler is at home . less colorful than most of its relatives , it is also more sluggish , foraging deliberately in the woodland understory or on the ground , probing among dead leaves with its rather long bill . despite the name , it does not feed on earthworms ; it does eat caterpillars , but no more than many other warblers .

the ovenbird , a spotted warbler that walks on the ground , isn’t closely related to waterthrushes as was once thought . in fact , it appears to be a basal member of the wood - warbler clade — an early offshoot of the group — and is now the only member of the genus seiurus .

worm - eating warblers nest on steeper slopes and ravines in deciduous woodlands , with the core population in the appalachians . they also nest more sparsely in lowland forest . they sing an insect - like buzzy fast - paced trill . the following is a link to this photographer ' s website : urltoken .

to learn more about revisions to wood - warbler taxonomy , check out the pending aou proposal ( pdf ) , the paper on which it’s based ( a comprehensive multilocus phylogeny for the wood - warblers and a revised classification of the parulidae ( aves ) ) , birding ‘s interview with the study’s lead author ( pdf ) , john boyd’s parulidae , and nick sly’s new wood - warbler taxonomy post .

relationships among these three groups are not yet clear , nor are the relationships of several odd species , including the yellow - breasted chat , which though traditionally considered a wood - warbler might belong in the icteridae or somewhere else nearby .

description : this stocky , flat - headed , overall buffy - olive warbler has distinct black crown stripes , and a black stripe through eye . the male and female look the same . length : 5 . 25 " wingspan : 8 . 5 " weight : 0 . 46 oz

the kirtland’s warbler is an endangered species restricted to a very specific type of habitat mostly found in michigan ; jack pine forests . its habitat is managed for this species in a few national forests by ensuring that there are jack pine stands of the age and composition this species requires . brown - headed cowbird populations are also controlled on its breeding grounds .

further studies are required to assess effects of various logging practices on both wintering and breeding grounds . however , this warbler probably is tolerant of many different forest management and logging practices ; selective logging and thinning " overmature " trees may create favorable conditions ; may nest in clearcut areas as young as 7 years old where several hardwoods have been left standing in the clearcuts ( see bushman and therres 1988 ) .

members of the parulidae are not colonial nesters but often occur in mixed flocks with other species after the breeding season . they forage in a variety of ways for invertebrates , small fruits , and nectar . while the waterthrushes forage on the ground in streams and wetlands , and the black - and - white warbler creeps along tree trunks , most wood - warblers glean the vegetation of trees and bushes and make short sallies for their insect prey .

the wood - warblers are known for their colorful plumages – the blackburnian warbler being one of the most striking members of this family with its deep orange - red throat that contrasts with its handsome black and white plumage . however while many species are known for their beautiful breeding plumage colors , they are also known to bird watchers as being extremely challenging to identify when in the fall they revert to their drab tan , olive , and pale colored plumages .

let’s take a look at what the future might hold . in order to make this less scary , i’ve attempted to devise seven memorable group names to help you mentally organize the 14 proposed genera and hundred - plus species with ease : the ovenbird , the worm - eater , the other oddballs , the ( mostly ) gray jobbies , the sneaky yellow dudes , the rot - your - retinalicious eye candy , and the southern tribes .

this week , 8 may – 14 may 2011 , is wood - warbler week on 10 , 000 birds ! though wood - warblers , the mostly brightly colored birds of the family parulidae , are only found in the new world we felt that birders the world over would be pleased to see a plethora of posts about these striking and sought after species . we are devoting a whole week to wood - warblers but are only just barely scratching the surface of possible topics involving this amazing family of birds .

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sacc . 2005 and updates . a classification of the bird species of south america . available at : urltoken .

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robinson , scott k . ; thompson , frank r . , iii ; donovan , therese m . ; whitehead , donald r . ; faaborg , john

science , volume 267 , issue 5206 , pp . 1987 - 1990 ( sci homepage )

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has disappeared from some areas with clearing of forest . current numbers probably stable . will become more vulnerable to parasitism by cowbirds where forest is broken up into smaller patches .

leafy wooded slopes . during breeding season , frequents dense deciduous woodlands . prefers cool , shaded banks , sheer gullies and steep , forested slopes covered with medium - sized trees and an undergrowth of saplings and shrubs . in winter in the tropics , forages alone in dense thickets or in the forest undergrowth , usually near the ground .

forages mostly in trees and shrubs . probes in curled , dead leaves for insects , and searches on bark of trunks and limbs . forages also on the ground , walking while seeking insects on the leaf - litter .

4 - 5 , sometimes 3 - 6 . white , with brown spots and blotches . incubated by female alone , 13 days . in most areas , rarely parasitized by cowbirds , possibly because it breeds mainly in dense woods far from edges . in some areas , parasitism by cowbirds appears to be more common . young : fed by both parents . leave the nest at 10 days of age . probably 1 brood per year .

fed by both parents . leave the nest at 10 days of age . probably 1 brood per year .

mostly insects . eats smooth caterpillars , but rarely or never takes the earthworms that the name would seem to imply . also feeds on small grasshoppers , bugs , ants , bees , walkingsticks , beetles , sawfly larvae , and spiders . feeds nestlings on moths and grubs .

males defend territories by singing from perches at mid - levels or on the ground . besides the usual insect - like trill , male also sings a musical , varied song during flight as part of courtship . nest : placed on ground , normally on hillside against a deciduous shrub or sapling , well concealed by dead leaves . nest ( constructed by female ) is an open cup of dead leaf skeletons ; lined with fungus filaments , hair moss , maple seed stems , animal hair .

migrates mostly at night . fall migration begins early , many moving south in august . very rare stray in west , mostly in fall .

song like that of chipping sparrow , but faster , buzzy , and more insect - like .

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in the broadest and most detailed study of its kind , audubon scientists have used hundreds of thousands of citizen - science observations and sophisticated climate models to predict how birds in the u . s . and canada will react to climate change .

the darker the color , the more favorable the climate conditions are for survival . the outlined areas represent approximate current range for each season .

each map is a visual guide to where a particular bird species may find the climate conditions it needs to survive in the future . we call this the bird’s “climatic range . ”

the darker the shaded area , the more likely it is the bird species will find suitable climate conditions to survive there .

the outline of the approximate current range for each season remains fixed in each frame , allowing you to compare how the range will expand , contract , or shift in the future .

the first frame of the animation shows where the bird can find a suitable climate today ( based on data from 2000 ) . the next three frames predict where this bird’s suitable climate may shift in the future—one frame each for 2020 , 2050 , and 2080 .

you can play or pause the animation with the orange button in the lower left , or select an individual frame to study by clicking on its year .

the darker the color , the more favorable the climate conditions are for survival . the outlined areas represent approximate current range for each season . more on reading these maps .

warblers aren ' t the most cooperative subjects , but they are one of the most beautiful and addictive . follow this advice to best capture the elusive birds .

smack - dab in the middle of the u . s . , missouri is a confluence of regions , creating a high variety of very different bird habitats—close in proximity for a great birding trip .

tell congress to oppose a harmful rider that threatens sage - grouse and other wildlife .

tell congress and the department of the interior to uphold the country ' s most important bird protection law .

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stripes and eye - lines . as its name suggests , it eats a steady diet of moth caterpillars and worms . it usually forages in understory vegetation and dead leaves .

song is a musical trill , all on one pitch ( " oregon " group ) .

despite its name , it only rarely , if ever , eats earthworms . instead , it feeds mostly on caterpillars , which were once referred to as worms .

late in incubation the female sits so tight on her nest that only touching her will flush her . her cryptic coloring makes immobility a safe strategy .

a group of warblers has many collective nouns , including a " bouquet " , " confusion " , " fall " , and " wrench " of warblers .

the wood - warblers are one of the one hundred eighteen families of birds in the order passeriformes ( pronounced pas - ser - i - for - meez ) ; a large taxonomic order that includes other small perching birds such as the vireos , the white - eyes , and the tanagers .

the wood - warblers , or parulidae ( pronounced pah - roo - luh - dee ) , are a large family of one hundred and twenty - two species in twenty - six genera that only occur in north and south america .

north america has ninety species of wood - warblers in twenty - six genera ; included in this family are the yellowthroats , a seemingly dizzying array of warblers , and the waterthrushes .

like several other passerines , the wood - warblers are small birds with medium length tails , medium length legs and strong feet suited to perching . they have short to longish wings ( in migratory species ) , and medium length , thin , pointed bills .

members of the parulidae come in a variety of colors . different shades of yellow and olive occur in many species , including the dull , brown , streaked plumages of females and immatures . in addition to having bright yellow in their plumages , males in bright breeding plumage can show orange , blue , grays , and handsome patterns of black and white .

most species of wood - warblers are long distance migrants to central and south america .

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bna account authors : hanners , lise a . , and stephen r . patton

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) , in neotropical birds online ( t . s . schulenberg , editor ) . cornell lab of ornithology , ithaca , ny , usa . retrieved from neotropical birds online :

natural vocalization ; complex song from a bird moving low and hidden in the dense undergrowth of mixed forest . later playback of this cut resulted in an aggressive reaction and more typical song and calls .

recorded with iphone se . amplification used in audacity . same bird as xc383680 .

this was probably the male , calling in response to playback of song . the probable female was seen a few minutes before , sitting very quietly about 2m up in saplings . nest likely nearby .

bird heard singing in the distance . came straight in to minimal playback . perched directly over head and sang for approximately 10 min .

heard calling in large oak tree near steep ravine . responded aggressively to playback .

singing from 2 meters up , hemlock - hardwood forest , on a slope , natural conditions .

natural vocalizations from two birds ( one probably the same as in xc101626 ) chasing through low vegetation ( 1 - 3m up ) along rocky ridgetop with oak and hickory . one bird had wings hanging and quivering and tail cocked .

natural song from a bird perched between 3 - 6m up in short oak - hickory woodland on ridgetop by rock outcroppings . second and fourth songs were while flying between perches .

sonogram images © xeno - canto foundation . sonogram images share the same license terms as the recording they depict .

over much of e usa s of great lakes ( excluding florida peninsula and much of s atlantic coastal plain ) ; distribution centred around appalachians and adjacent areas . migrates to lowlands of central america from s & e mexico s to w panama , and caribbean .

13 cm ; 11·8–17·4 g . head is rich buff , with broad blackish lateral crownstripe and narrower blackish eyestripe ; upperparts uniformly olive - brown . . .

breeds on wooded ravines and hillsides in deciduous and mixed woodlands with dense undergrowth , . . .

feeds on insects , especially caterpillars , and other arthropods , especially spiders ( araneae ) . forages primarily by gleaning in understorey . . .

season may–jul , egg - laying may–jun . nest a cup of dead leaves , lined with hair , moss and stems of maple (

short - distance to medium - distance migrant . leaves breeding grounds mainly from late jul , those in e . . .

not globally threatened . listed as a species of conservation concern by us fish & wildlife service . generally fairly common throughout range . discontinuous distribution ; . . .

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in past , sometimes considered to include limnothlypis but , despite superficial similarities , they are apparently not closely related ; may be closest to vermivora .

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bulletin of the british ornithologists ' club , vol . 122 , no . 4

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let your mind’s eye sweep over the rich expanse of the avian family tree . revel in its deep , gnarly divisions , its long , slender shoots . you’ll come to a profusion of branches and twigs — the songbirds , or passerines — and if you look closer still , a colorful cloud of myriad forms , the nine - primaried cardinals , tanagers , finches , blackbirds , sparrows , and , blazing in their full resplendent glory , the wood - warblers .

so dense is this part of the tree , so close and tangled the relationships , that scientists struggle still to delineate families , genera , and species , but growing evidence places the wood - warblers ( parulidae ) closest to the blackbirds and relatives ( icteridae ) and the sparrows and relatives ( emberizidae ) .

waterthrushes ( now in the genus parkesia ) ; swainson’s , prothonotary , and black - and - white warblers ; and a greatly reduced vermivora ( now containing only the blue - winged , golden - winged , and presumed - extinct bachman’s warblers ) form a group of rather dissimilar small genera .

next are the yellowthroats . it turns out that warblers once placed in the genus oporornis ( kentucky , mourning , macgillivray’s , and connecticut ) are in fact scattered among the yellowthroats , and the aou proposal recommends merging everything into genus geothlypis . i can dig it . they’re broadly similar in habits ( low skulkers ) and song type ( carolina wren - like ) .

david j . ringer is exploring the world one bird at a time . his fascination with birds and nature began at the age of four or five , and he now works full time in conservation . he is a writer and communicator whose day jobs have taken him to six continents and more than 25 countries , including papua new guinea , vanuatu , kenya , and cameroon . follow him on twitter at @ realdjringer .

it might all make sense and i view it as a good thing , but i’ll miss “oporornis” . seriously miss it . if ever i get to see a connecticut again , it just won’t be the same because now it is in the same group as the easily observed common yellowthroat .

i’m curious about the picture of the “redstart” . i’ve seen lots of slate - throated redstarts here in mexico but they have all been red - bellied with slate color on head and back . howell and webb says that there is a group called connectens that is orange - red on underparts . they also list similar species as being painted redstart which is also red . so is this an error or are there some that are yellow - bellied ?

wait ! i just checked my panama book and they show a yellow and black bird like your picture . other folks may find the same confusion .

@ jochen – john boyd points out that given connecticut’s distinctiveness and its position in the clade , it could be retained in oporornis . that’s not the proposal the aou is considering , but it does make sense .

@ corey – get ’em while you can ! as if you needed another excuse to bird… .

@ chivis – yep , slate - throated whitestarts have redder underparts “up north” in their range and yellower down south .

outstanding analysis , david . i love taxonomic revisions as much as the next amateur field ornithologist , but i’m sure i’m not alone in disliking some of these proposals . obliterating very distinctive genus names cuts at the emotional heart of out interest .

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a curated database of candidate human ageing - related genes and genes associated with longevity and / or ageing in model organisms .

a curated database of genes associated with dietary restriction in model organisms either from genetic manipulation experiments or gene expression profiling .

projects focused on gene expression profiling of ageing and of dietary manipulations of ageing , such as caloric restriction .

software for ageing research , including the ageing research computational tools ( arct ) perl toolkit .

a curated database of ageing and life history information in animals , including extensive longevity records .

the benchmark genome assembly and annotation of the long - lived , cancer - resistant naked mole - rat ( heterocephalus glaber ) .

a high - coverage genome of the bowhead whale ( balaena mysticetus ) , the longest - lived mammal .

analyses using the anage database to study the evolution of longevity and ageing in vertebrate lineages .

a portal of ageing changes covering different biological levels , integrating molecular , physiological and pathological age - related data .

the whosage database contains people and biotech companies that are contributing to increase our understanding of ageing and life - extension .

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all ranks domain kingdom subkingdom phylum subphylum superclass class subclass infraclass superorder order suborder infraorder superfamily family subfamily tribe subtribe genus subgenus species subspecies variety group ( polytypic ) group ( monotypic ) species split life sp . ssp . intra - specific hybrid interspecific hybrid intergeneric hybrid species pair

all records ( accepted , rejected , pending ) . to filter / search please enter a phrase . e . g . to filter rejected records , type rejected into the search box , all columns can be filtered .

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though it eats caterpillars , as do most warblers , it does not eat earthworms as its name would imply .

the song is a rapid buzz , similar to that of the chipping sparrow . a short , high - pitched flight call is also given .

number : usually lay 4 - 5 eggs . color : white and sometimes with darker markings . incubation and fledging : the young hatch at about 13 days and fledge at about 10 - 11 days , though remaining dependent on the adults for some time .

adult has brownish - olive upperparts , without any wing bar or tail spots . underparts are buffy , more orange - buff on throat . undertail coverts show dusky centres . head is buffy , with conspicuous black stripes on crown and through the eye . pointed bill shows dark upper mandible , and pinkish lower mandible . eyes are dark brown . legs and feet are pinkish - brown . both sexes are similar . immature resembles adults .

female builds the nest , first by forming the cup with pliable leaves . she performs repeated trips with leaves , and she moulds them into the cup . then , interior is lined with fine stems or moss . she may add hair and pine - needles , soft grasses and horse hair . female lays 4 to 5 white or pinkish eggs with brown markings . incubation lasts about 12 to 14 days , by female . male feeds her at nest during this period . if parents are disturbed at nest , they begin distraction display , with spread wings and fanned tail , both depressed , uttering alarm call “chip” , or they only flutter across the ground until intruder moves away from the nest .

a guide to the birds of mexico and northern central america by steve n . g . howell , sophie webb - oxford university press - isbn : 0198540124

chicks are altricial , with brownish - grey down growing two days later . they are brooded by female for the five first days . both parents feed the young and clean the nest , removing fecal sacs . young fledge at about 10 days of age , and they remain with parents for about three weeks after fledging , in shrub and subcanopy . this species produces only one brood per year , sometimes more if first is destroyed or lost .

. the suitability of a forest patch is influenced not only by its size , though , but also its landscape context ( si4 ) . in predominantly forested landscapes , small forest patch sizes not otherwise suitable may be used due to their proximity to a large forest block ( rosenberg and others 1999 ) . we built a logistic function

based on the assumptions that landscapes with < 30 percent forest were poor habitat ( suitability index score ≤ 0 . 100 ) and landscapes with > 70 percent forest were excellent habitat ( suitability index score ≥ 0 . 900 ;

. the maximum suitability index score of either si3 or si4 was assigned to each site to account for the higher suitability of small forest patches in heavily forested landscapes .

to calculate the overall suitability index score , we determined the geometric mean of si scores for forest structure ( si1 and si5 ) and landscape composition ( max ( si2 , si3 ) and si4 ) separately and then the geometric mean of these means together .

andrew c . vitz , lise a . hanners , and stephen r . patton

the introduction article is just the first of 11 articles in each species account that provide life history information for the species . the remaining articles provide detailed information regarding distribution , migration , habitat , diet , sounds , behavior , breeding , current population status and conservation . each species account also includes a multimedia section that displays the latest photos , audio selections and videos from macaulay library’s extensive galleries . written and continually updated by acknowledged experts on each species , birds of north america accounts include a comprehensive bibliography of published research on the species .

a subscription is needed to access the remaining account articles and multimedia content . rates start at $ 5 usd for 30 days of complete access .

this species breeds locally within the area denoted as ' migration ' and winters in the eastern caribbean , as well as in the range shown here . see the text for details . adapted from dunn and garrett 1997 .

lack , d . and p . lack . 1972 . wintering warblers in jamaica . living bird no . 11 : 129 - 153 . close

) . studies of forest birds conducted at sites in the ozarks , southern illinois , tennessee , ohio , and west virginia have provided important information about its breeding biology , response to prescribed fire , and how it is affected by habitat fragmentation and forest management . a long - term study of the species ' demography and population ecology has been conducted at the nature conservancy ' s devil ' s den preserve in southwestern connecticut since 1991 (

) . most of the information on the post - fledging ecology of this species is from a study in southern ohio ( vitz and rodewald 2010 , vitz and rodewald 2011 ) . unpublished data and observations are frequently provided herein .

vitz , a . c . , l . a . hanners , and s . r . patton ( 2013 ) .

) , version 2 . 0 . in the birds of north america ( a . f . poole , editor ) . cornell lab of ornithology , ithaca , ny , usa .

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dairoidea is a superfamily of crabs , comprising two families which each contain a single genus : dairidae ( the living fossil daira ) and dacryopilumnidae ( dacryopilumnus ) .

dairoidea

dairoidea <EOT> davie , p . ( 2014 ) . dairoidea serène , 1965 . in : costello , m . j . ; bouchet , p . ; boxshall , g . ; arvantidis , c . ; appeltans , w . ( 2014 ) european register of marine species , accessed through pesi at

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parent taxon : brachyura according to c . e . schweitzer et al . 2010

database contains : 10 . 643 species ( 763 with photo ) , 1 . 682 genera , 124 families

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de grave , s . , pentcheff , n . d . , ahyong , s . t . , chan , t . - y . , crandall , k . a . , dworschak , p . c . , felder , d . l . , feldmann , r . m . , fransen , c . h . j . m . , goulding , l . y . d . , lemaitre , r . , low , m . e . , martin , j . w . , ng , p . k . l . , schweitzer , c . e . , tan , s . h . , tshudy , d . and r . wetzer ( 2009 )

systema brachyurorum : part i . an annotated checklist of extant brachyuran crabs of the world .

occurrence record in darwincore format ( elements of obis schema and some of dwc1 . 4 )

this work is licensed under a creative commons attribution - share alike 3 . 0 license

pesi is funded by the european union 7th framework programme within the research infrastructures programme . contract no . ri - 223806 . activity area : capacities . period 2008 - 2011 - website hosted & developed by vliz banner picture : gannet ( morus bassanus ( linnaeus , 1758 ) ) by karl van ginderdeuren - contact pesi

peter k . l . ng , danièle guinot & peter j . f . davie ( 2008 ) .

" systema brachyurorum : part i . an annotated checklist of extant brachyuran crabs of the world "

— for other uses , see crab ( disambiguation ) . crabs temporal range : jurassic–recent …

— for other meanings of decapod , see decapod ( disambiguation ) . decapoda temporal range : devonian–recent …

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crosnier , a . ( 1984 ) . addendum : familles des carpiliidae et des menippidae . in serene : crustaces decapodes brachyoures de l ' ocean indien occidental et de la mer rouge . orstom . [ details ]

the checklists are descriptive documents of the species that are part of a concrete taxonomic group or a group of species that are part of an specific analysis .

these documents have a structure that includes a list of the authors , a description of the taxonomic group or subject , and a list of the species that are part of the list .

the checklists aren ' t updated regularly , since they require revisions from groups of authors before their publication .

a complete set of a checklist include a pdf document and a table in csv format .

gustavo jiménez - uzcátegui , david a . wiedenfeld , f . hernán vargas , howard l . snell .

nathalia tirado - sanchez , john mccosker , diego ruiz , angel chiriboga , stuart banks .

yves finet , nathalia tirado - sanchez , angel chiriboga , diego ruiz , stuart banks .

frank bungartz , frauke ziemmeck , alba yánez ayabaca , fredy nugra , andré aptroot .

anne guézou , susana chamorro , paola pozo , ana mireya guerrero , rachel atkinson , chris buddenhagen , patricia jaramillo díaz , mark gardener .

gustavo jiménez - uzcátegui , javier zabala , brian milstead , howard l . snell .

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the “charles darwin foundation for the galapagos islands” , in french “fondation charles darwin pour les îles galapagos” , association international sans but lucratif ( “aisbl” ) , has its registered office located at drève du pieuré 19 , 1160 brussels , and is registered under the trade registry of brussels under the number 0409 . 359 . 103 .

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responsibility by carrie e . schweitzer . . . [ et al . ] . imprint leiden , the netherlands ; boston : brill , 2010 . physical description vii , 222 p . ; 25 cm . series crustaceana monographs ; 10 .

a compilation of all known species of fossil decapod crustaceans arrayed in a modern classification based upon the work of numerous students of extant and fossil decapods represents the first such attempt in nearly 100 years . the systematic list cites authors and carefully verified dates of authorship as well as a complete list of references to all taxa cited . the work is intended to provide insight into the range and relative numbers of fossil taxa within the suborder decapoda . the compilation will permit interpretation of the nature of completeness of the fossil record and will provide a platform for future research on this important , diverse group of organisms .

subject decapoda ( crustacea ) , fossil . decapoda ( crustacea ) crustacea . fossils .

publication date 2010 series crustaceana monographs ; 10 isbn 9004178910 ( hbk . : alk . paper ) 9789004178915 ( hbk . : alk . paper )

cecil h . and ida m . green fund for the branner library of earth sciences

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kento furui added the japanese common name " ホモラ上科 " to " homoloidea de haan , 1839 " .

kento furui added the japanese common name " メンコヒシガニ上科 " to " aethroidea " .

kento furui added the japanese common name " ユノハナガニ上科 " to " bythograeoidea " .

kento furui added the japanese common name " ユウレイガニ上科 " to " retroplumoidea " .

kento furui added the japanese common name " サンゴヤドリガニ上科 " to " cryptochiroidea " .

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galil , bella s . , clark , paul f . , crosnier , alain

four genera and seven species of trapeziid crabs are identified from recent collections taken in new caledonia . descriptions and illustrations are given for new species ; calocarcinus crosnieri and tetraiia sanguineomaculata . new records are reported for calocarcinus africanus , quadrella maculosa and trapezia guttata . trapezia cymodoce and t . septata , identified by a . milne edwards from new caledonia under the wrong names , are commented upon .

clark , malcolm r . , althaus , franziska , williams , alan , niklitschek , edwin , menezes , gui m . , hareide , nils - roar , sutton , philip , o’donnell , ciaran

lai , joelle c . y . , mendoza , jose christopher e . , guinot , danièle , clark , paul f . , ng , peter k . l .

bieler , rüdiger , mikkelsen , paula m . , collins , timothy m . , glover , emily a . , gonzález , vanessa l . , graf , daniel l . , harper , elizabeth m . , healy , john , kawauchi , gisele y . , sharma , prashant p . , staubach , sid , strong , ellen e . , taylor , john d . , tëmkin , ilya , zardus , john d . , clark , stephanie , guzmán , alejandra , mcintyre , erin , sharp , paul , giribet , gonzalo

lai , joelle c . y . , thoma , brent p . , clark , paul f . , felder , darryl l . , ng , peter k . l .

citation : musã©um national d ' histoire naturelle [ ed ] . 2018 . référentiel des campagnes de collectes , site web : urltoken . - v 2 . 18 . 2


cinctura hunteria is a species of sea snail , a marine gastropod mollusk in the family fasciolariidae , the spindle snails , the tulip snails and their allies .

cinctura hunteria

cinctura hunteria <EOT> fasciolariidae » cinctura hunteria , id : 573797 , shell detail « shell encyclopedia , conchology , inc .

( of cinctura hunteria hunteria ( perry , 1811 ) ) petuch e . ( 2013 ) biogeography and biodiversity of western atlantic mollusks . crc press . 252 pp . [ published 2 april 2013 ] [ details ]

cinctura lilium tortugana h . a . rehder & r . t . abbott , 1951

to biodiversity heritage library ( 1 publication ) ( from synonym fasciolaria lilium tortugana hollister , 1957 ) to biodiversity heritage library ( 12 publications ) ( from synonym fasciolaria hunteria ( g . perry , 1811 ) ) to biodiversity heritage library ( 4 publications ) ( from synonym fasciolaria lilium hunteria ( g . perry , 1811 ) ) to encyclopedia of life ( from synonym fasciolaria hunteria ( g . perry , 1811 ) ) to genbank ( 1 nucleotides ; 0 proteins ) ( from synonym fasciolaria hunteria ( g . perry , 1811 ) ) to usnm invertebrate zoology mollusca collection ( from synonym pyrula hunteria g . perry , 1811 ) to usnm invertebrate zoology mollusca collection ( from synonym fasciolaria hunteria ( g . perry , 1811 ) ) to usnm invertebrate zoology mollusca collection ( from synonym fasciolaria lilium tortugana hollister , 1957 )

( of fasciolaria hunteria ( g . perry , 1811 ) ) rosenberg , g . ; moretzsohn , f . ; garcía , e . f . ( 2009 ) . gastropoda ( mollusca ) of the gulf of mexico , pp . 579–699 in : felder , d . l . and d . k . camp ( eds . ) , gulf of mexico–origins , waters , and biota . texas a & m ; press , college station , texas . , available online at urltoken [ details ]

snyder m . a . , vermeij g . j . & lyons w . g . ( 2012 ) the genera and biogeography of fasciolariinae ( gastropoda , neogastropoda , fasciolariidae ) . basteria 76 ( 1 - 3 ) : 31 - 70 . [ 3 aug . 2012 ] [ details ]

petuch e . ( 2013 ) biogeography and biodiversity of western atlantic mollusks . crc press . 252 pp . [ published 2 april 2013 ] page ( s ) : 203 [ details ]

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the star system calculates the number of pieces that were handled by conchology , inc . in the last 15 years :

we want to point out that the star system is only very reliable for philippine shells only , as we handle very few foreign shells in general . as time goes , the system will become more and more performant .

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united states of america . florida . east side of estero boulevard . little carlos pass . extreme low tide . 02 december 2009 .

© 1996 - 2018 guido t . poppe & philippe poppe - conchology , inc . ( 0 . 002 seconds . )

urn : lsid : catalogueoflife . org : taxon : 322c1faa - 4e2c - 11e8 - 9ed0 - fa163e792e6e : col20180626

urn : lsid : catalogueoflife . org : taxon : 322fc869 - 4e2c - 11e8 - 9ed0 - fa163e792e6e : col20180626

urn : lsid : catalogueoflife . org : taxon : 322fc9b6 - 4e2c - 11e8 - 9ed0 - fa163e792e6e : col20180626

urn : lsid : catalogueoflife . org : taxon : 32336b46 - 4e2c - 11e8 - 9ed0 - fa163e792e6e : col20180626

urn : lsid : catalogueoflife . org : taxon : 325e749a - 4e2c - 11e8 - 9ed0 - fa163e792e6e : col20180626

urn : lsid : catalogueoflife . org : taxon : 327db30f - 4e2c - 11e8 - 9ed0 - fa163e792e6e : col20180626

urn : lsid : catalogueoflife . org : taxon : 3683d4b6 - 4e2c - 11e8 - 9ed0 - fa163e792e6e : col20180626

urn : lsid : catalogueoflife . org : taxon : 90ae70d2 - 4e2c - 11e8 - 9ed0 - fa163e792e6e : col20180626

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version 43 . 0 went live 11 / 6 / 2018 - i hope that the majority of issues have been fixed . my email address is on the home page if you see anything wrong .

some specimens present within the different populations in northeast florida have orange to red ( rather than violet - brown ) spiral bands . this color variant is very rare to absent in other florida populations .

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abbott , robert tucker , 1974 : null . american seashells : the marine mollusca of the atlantic and pacific coasts of north america . 2nd ed . . 663 .

rosenberg , g . ; moretzsohn , f . ; garcía , e . f . ( 2009 ) . gastropoda ( mollusca ) of the gulf of mexico , pp . 579–699 < i > in : < / i > felder , d . l . and d . k . camp ( eds . ) , gulf of mexico–origins , waters , and biota . texas a & m press , college station , texas .

turgeon , d . d . , j . f . quinn , jr . , a . e . bogan , e . v . coan , f . g . hochberg , w . g . lyons , et al . , 1998 : common and scientific names of aquatic invertebrates from the united states and canada : mollusks , 2nd ed . . american fisheries society special publication 26 . 526 .

atrina serrata ( g . b . sowerby i , 1825 ) sawtooth penshell , in situ in clean sand matazanas inlet , st . john ' s county , florida ( l = 239 mm ) . | pinterest


cryptofusus cryptocarinatus is a species of sea snail , a marine gastropod mollusk in the family fasciolariidae , the spindle snails , the tulip snails and their allies .

cryptofusus cryptocarinatus

cryptofusus cryptocarinatus <EOT> dell , r . k . ( 1956 ) . the archibenthal mollusca of new zealand . dominion museum bulletin . 18 : 1 - 235 . [ details ]

beu , a . g . 2011 marine molluscs of oxygen isotope stages of the last 2 million years in new zealand . part 4 . gastropoda ( ptenoglossa , neogastropoda , heterobranchia ) . journal of the royal society of new zealand 41 , 1–153 . [ details ]

( of pleia cryptocarinata dell , 1956 ) spencer , h . g . , marshall , b . a . & willan , r . c . ( 2009 ) . checklist of new zealand living mollusca . pp 196 - 219 . in : gordon , d . p . ( ed . ) new zealand inventory of biodiversity . volume one . kingdom animalia : radiata , lophotrochozoa , deuterostomia . canterbury university press , christchurch . [ details ]

to museum of new zealand te papa ( m . 009209 ; pleia cryptocarinata dell , 1956 ; holotype ) ( from synonym pleia cryptocarinata dell , 1956 )

to museum of new ze . . . [ hosted externally ; from synonym ]

snyder m . a . , vermeij g . j . & lyons w . g . ( 2012 ) the genera and biogeography of fasciolariinae ( gastropoda , neogastropoda , fasciolariidae ) . basteria 76 ( 1 - 3 ) : 31 - 70 . [ 3 aug . 2012 ] [ details ]

html public " - / / w3c / / dtd html 4 . 01 transitional / / en " " urltoken "

version 43 . 0 went live 11 / 6 / 2018 - i hope that the majority of issues have been fixed . my email address is on the home page if you see anything wrong .

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granulifusus hayashii is a species of sea snail , a marine gastropod mollusk in the family fasciolariidae , the spindle snails , the tulip snails and their allies .

granulifusus hayashii

granulifusus hayashii <EOT> genus and description : granulifusus hayashii , 42 . 5 & 45mm , f + +

family : fasciolariidae born : 1961 , habe genus and description : granulifusus hayashii , 50 mm , f + + origin : collected by a local fishermen by nets off aliguay island philippines , july 2013 .

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in : okutani , t . ( ed . ) , marine mollusks in japan . tokai university press , tokyo , 505 - 517 ( in japanese ) .

occurrence record in darwincore format ( elements of obis schema and some of dwc1 . 4 )

- note : several protected species are illustrated here only for identification purposes . they are not for sale . - the photos in our gallery are in most cases just a sample from our stock , except when only one specimen is offered . we try to match the original color but it can vary if your screen is not correctly adjusted ( gamma correction ) .