the saint lucia lancehead or saint lucia pit viper ( bothrops caribbaeus ) is a species of venomous snake which is endemic to the west indies .

saint lucia lancehead

saint lucia lancehead <EOT> a us zoo rear the st . lucia lancehead snake , curious about its properties for treating certain diseases

over the weekend , 12 st . lucia lancehead vipers were born at the kentucky reptile zoo in slade .

st . lucia lancehead vipers are native only to st . lucia . the kentucky reptile zoo is the only facility outside of st . lucia to be allowed to house these rare island snakes .

a us zoo rear the st . lucia lancehead snake , curious about its properties for treating certain diseases – caribbean hotfm

st . lucia lancehead vipers are native only to the small caribbean island of st . lucia . the kentucky reptile zoo is the only facility outside of st . lucia allowed to house these rare island snakes .

according to zoo officials , venom from st . lucia lancehead vipers has the potential for treating heart disease , stroke and other disorders .

over the weekend , 12 st . lucia lancehead vipers were born at the kentucky reptile zoo in slade , powell county , kentucky .

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although the majority of st lucia ' s wildlife is protected under the saint lucia wildlife protection act of 1980 , the fer - de - lance is not . the snake has the same status as rats and the mongoose .

notes below from from the " st . lucia animal protection society " about the snakes in st . lucia

b . muriciensis - ferrarezzi & freire , 2001 . range : northeastern brazil ( alagoas ) , common name : murici lancehead .

he was a runaway . he somehow survived the plantation system . who brought snakes into saint lucia to kill runaways who had a spine and did not want to live as a house nigger or a field hand ? wicked and murderous black people ?

slavery is still killing our tails . those white absentee landlords , even have their grandchildren replacing them and are still killing us today . why don ' t we hunt these to extinction in saint lucia ? put a bounty on the head of each snake taken to the nearest police station .

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found in northeastern mexico ( tamaulipas ) southward through central and south america to argentina , bothrops species also occur on the islands of saint lucia and martinique in the lesser antilles , as well as on ilha da queimada grande off the coast of brazil . [ 1 ] b . atrox is also found on the island of trinidad in the southern caribbean off the eastern coast of venezuela .

winston’s niece , diana pierre told saint lucia news online ( sno ) today ( may 19 ) that it took him a few hours after the attack before he got help . there is no telephone service on the hill top . with the support of his girlfriend , winston walked through clumps of bushes to get assistance from villagers . an ambulance was called to transport him to the victoria hospital .

snake found dead in massacre , st . lucia – how much do you know about its species ? ( 8 )

" the boa is restricted to the drier areas of st . lucia . " " they do not harm man "

how can a hospital not have anti - venom ? shame of the politicians in st lucia . . . u money hungry people need to take care of your citizend and their health . . . without the citizens there is no st lucia .

st . lucia is the freaking best . all these snakes and no anti - venom . alvina reynolds has got to go

st lucia is simply beautiful . for a small island we are blessed with great biodiversity and a spectacular landscape . i am lucky to have been born here . but it ' s sad that the snakes and reptiles of st lucia are threatened with extinction .

this type [ subspecies ] of fer - de - lance ( latin name bothrops caribbaeus ) is only found in st lucia .

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video taken by a friend of one of our trips to st . lucia . we were collecting dna samples and venom for research on these animals . all snakes were released . this work done with permission from and under the supervision of the st . lucia department of forestry . all native wildlife on the island is protected by law .

my prayers go out to the children and their mother . " wow shame on you " government of st . lucia no anti - vernon . this is not acceptable .

and one wonders why they keep on " name - calling " every island in the caribbean in their budget presentation , but no one calls " st . lucia ' s " name .

jim harrison and kristen wiley , the directors of the reptile zoo , traveled to st . lucia this past winter to provide training to forestry personnel on how to handle this breed of snake .

tree boas generally aren ' t dangerous to humans . the real problem is the fer - de - lance , also called the terciopelo or lancehead . it ' s very poisonous and will kill quickly ( within hours ) without antidote . it ' s also aggressive unlike some other snakes and can attack unprovoked - - well , if you ' re walking nearby it may view that as provocation .

i wouldn ' t worry too much though . these snakes do exist on st lucia ( another legacy of slavery ) but not in all regions , attacks on humans with fatalities are not that common .

there are poisonous snakes , and aggressive snakes , and the fer - de - lance is one of the unusual snakes which is both . it just doesn ' t bite people that much in st lucia .

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adams toussaint , 46 , works for the forestry department based in castries in st lucia in the eastern caribbean . he describes the battle to save the native fer - de - lance snake , which is threatened with extinction

but while rats and the mongoose are two alien invasive species that have a mostly destructive impact on st lucia ' s biodiversity , the fer - de - lance is an endemic species and should invoke some sort of national pride .

unfortunately costs continue to rise on everything now days . there is an average of 15 - 20 bites ayear on st lucia . fatalities are not common , but 1 is to many . a small stock of expired anti venom is better than none at all . with the average number of bites that happen i dont think it will have time to expire anyway . with all that being said the snake is a very important part of the islandsecology , and should be respected . education and awareness of this snake could greatly reduce the number of bites . i have worked with this snake for many years in the field and in captivity . also rattlesnakes do not occure on the island , the locale venomous snake is from the lancehead group .

" boa constrictor ( constrictor constrictor orophias ) : the boa constrictor of tete - chien as it is known locally is one of the four species of snakes native to the island of st . lucia . the other three are the fer - de - lance , the rare maria island snake and the tiny , soil dwelling , blind worm snake . the boa is restricted to the drier areas of st . lucia . they do not harm man and they are protected by law . "

am from st . lucia but right now am in cancun mexico i travel all the times from mexico to canada , but i do missed my country and proud to be a st lucian , and hope they will work on a anti venom pretty soon .

lobbying for its protection or getting policymakers to buy into the idea of giving the fer - de - lance any form of protection is a mammoth task , that will require a massive education campaign to first change people ' s attitudes and develop pride and joy in the fer - de - lance – similar to what was done for the st lucia parrot .

it most probably was a fer de lance that bit him . . i hope to god we have antivenom in our hospitals why did they not treat him with that immediately am i to assume that we are not equipped to handle snake bites in st . lucia . lord have mercy i really hate snakes . they could get rid of them . . . . .

these are not " stories " of the fer - de - lance . they do exist in st . lucia as opposed to most other caribbean islands . they were imported on purpose by ill - thinking slave owners . however , the risk of being bitten hiking on a trail is very low . bites are rare . sorry if the bear analogy was lost on some people .

about 50 years ago the geographical range of the snake covered a large part of the island . yet according to the latest study of st . lucia ' s reptiles and amphibians , completed last december , the poisonous snake , the fer - de - lance ( french for ' spearhead ' or ' iron of the lance ' ) is now limited to two fragmented areas on the island .

since when have there been rattle snakes in lucia ? ? has there been any warnings as to which areas are prone to have them ? ? surely every one knows that you will die from a rattle snakes bite if you dont get antu venom asap , so why is there none on the island ? ? since when do they operate on people to get rid of a snakes venom ? these doctors must be smoking some serious shit .

so sad . im so upset , st . lucia is so backward . the doctors know you cannot undergo surgery , with a snake bite . choops . where is the damn anti venon . we have snakes here , shame on you ' ll . no care . barbados doesn ' t have the poisonous yet still they have anti venon . health minister , thats what you all need to talk about , all you do is talk rubbish . none sense . no health care .

too long lucians have being undermined . them doctors know damn well amputating the man arm would not save his life . such a shame a small island with more snakes than people we dont have not an ounce of antivenom . another oppurtunity for employment in st . lucia . recuit indiviuals giving them the nessecary equipment to haverst venom from those fear de lance and rattlers . there is room to make big bucks . lets create an anti - venom industry . lets sell anti - venom pm kenny .

the kentucky reptile zoo is located on l & e ; railroad place in the slade community of powell county .

florida police : perry co . woman crashes truck into utility pole after cat jumps on her

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the costa rican species of fer - de - lance snake . photograph : mayela lopez / afp / getty images

it is unfortunate that people do not love the snake , which is regarded as a notoriously dangerous species . the prevailing attitude is to exterminate it , rather than to conserve or protect it .

i am hoping that conservationists will become more interested in protecting the species and look to focus more resources towards in - situ and ex - situ conservation . we also want to create an education campaign to compliment a conservation programme .

we need to protect their habitat , to educate the public not to kill them , and we need more applied research .

i believe that the first step to conservation of any species is an assessment of the population status . this was done in december 2009 . so that ' s the first step . there is hope for saving our snake .

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syntypes : mcz r4812 , mcz r4814 , and mcz r4815 ( mcdiarmid et al . 1999 ) .

sarah miller set " file : bothrops caribbaeus . jpg " as an exemplar on " bothrops caribbaeus garman 1887 " .

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sleeping in a hut on his farm is a norm for gregory winston of canaries who succumbed to a snakebite last week while spending a night on his farm .

fifty - six - year - old winston earned his livelihood by rearing pigs in the canaries hills . on thursday , he and his girlfriend , lucy were asleep in his hut on the farm when he woke up about 2 a . m . to a stinging sensation in his left arm .

pierre recalled winston’s girlfriend saying that he felt like his arm was “broken” , and by the time he reached at the hospital the colour of his skin had turned black and blue . winston was later advised by doctors that they would need to amputate his arm . he disagreed and opted for surgery to remove the venom from the snakebite instead . however , sno was told doctors warned that winston could have a 50 / 50 chance of survival with surgery .

subsequent to the surgery , he complained about severe pain in his arm . he was taken to the intensive care unit where he passed away . pierre said there was allegedly no anti - venom insulin to treat her uncle .

winston usually left his home to spend a few days up in the hills . pierre said he had complained to relatives of a snake infestation on the farm , after spotting a few of them , which he had attempted to kill at times .

pierre noted that he has already been warned not to return to the hills , after he barely survived a similar attack last year . she said he had been hospitalised for two weeks after the first snake attack . but despite warnings , winston was persistent to return to his farm and continue his work as this was his only means of income for him and his family .

pierre indicated that winston had presumed there was a rattle snake inside the hut , as he told relatives about waking up to a hissing sound one night while there .

apart from his pig rearing business , winston had a small kitchen garden in the hills .

vehicle owned by popular st . lucian artiste involved in freak accident ( see 6 photos ) ( 23 )

there are lots of measures to be taken after a snake bite . first of all u must place a tourniquet to the affected limb then try to cut the wound to make the blood flow . soon after wash the area with fresh water this measure is taken to prevent the venom from traveling to the heart .

you absolutely never use a tourniquet in regards to a snake bite . by stopping the blood flow you can develop what ' s known as compartment syndrome in the muscle below said tourniquet . a simple compression bandage is all that is ever needed and for the victim to stay as calm as possible till he can reach some antivenom

it is very well known that a compression bandage is what is used in terms of a venomous snake bite . never a tourniquet which can lead to compartment syndrome in the muscle . a tourniquet is about the worst thing you could possibly apply to a venomous snake bite . i don ' t know why people give advice when they have no idea what they ' re talking about

anti venoms should be free . thats why there is a health minister , which means they are not doing they job

people are always quick to say who is not doing what . what is the occurrence of snake bites in slu ? this is the most important question . all drugs have an expiration rate . it may not be cost effective to have every single drug on hand . that is what the world boils down to . cost effectiveness . also , do you know that bacteria infection from the bite can kill as well ? infections spread quickly through the extremities .

and to the ordinary people ( not party hacks ) you need to take your destiny into your own hands right now and to hell with those party patronising jackasses . the reason being that all of you will die . that is how the great countries of this era started . incompetency stops now ! ! ! ! find another job ! ! !

we have these deadly snakes back home and no anti venom to treat a snake bite its a shame . can we find those rapist that attack those two women last week and put them in a house with those rattle snakes and call it justice for the women " you feel me " lol

im an extension officer and we ' ve asked the ministry for snake kits and training for years now ! up to now nothing has happened despite the promises made . my work area has snakes and i pray everyday tht i dnt come across any becuz i dont knw what i will do ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! its so sad tht those kids hve been left without a father . life is so unpredictable and sad

rip bro . was that his destiny ? he was warned before and stung once . thats so sad .

what ever the shelf life is , it is not too much to spend for a human life . snakes are taking over so let there be funds available to fight the serpent . just 1 % from vat will help . in the early days it was one dollar for a head of snake , let us make it $ 25 . 00 a head including babies . maybe we will get the unemployment down from % 25 . just do something anything to get the snake population down . my prayers go out to the family , may god bless and protect you all .

some of our locally grown ones have evolved . some are crawling on two legs too . some live in that dark forest .

empty the coffers , pay the many " consultants " huge salaries , turn a blind eye on what really matters ( like the health sector , ) wait when something like this happens , complain that the anti - venon is too expensive to keep on island - all the while the money is being offered as gifts to their buddy " consultants . "

i will forever say , we have keep on electing the most incompetent groups of politicians on the face of this earth .

god , i hate snakes . . . all types , and anything that crawls . so sad for his kids , hope they ' ll be taken care of .

with all these up to date hospitals an so call highly qualified doctors we have in slu y are the citizens been treated like it ' s 1950 with people dying from mosquito bites , snake bites an so many other simple problems that can b treated with proper drugs an compassion before money an we paying vat , vote an suffer watching d rich get d best treatment i thought charity begins at home so y canival , jazz an bacanal getting better funs than health care wow what a shame .

don ' t think any anti venom would work . like the niece said it took them a few hours to get help by then the venom would have traveled through his body and did it ' s damage . many hospitals don ' t carry anti vemon just because it is so costly and is rarely being used . as with all meds they expire . my prays are with the family and his kids

yo are so smart ! lol . . . when alvina goes we will have all the anti - venom that we need for " all these snakes " !

anti - colo , i remember the days of compensation for each head delivered to the local police station . don ' t know if that practice is still alive . also , snakes keep the rat / mice population in check .

this is so sad , pray god will strengthen his family at this time .

pretty much . that sucks man . i feel bad for that guy and his kids . prayers for them

the anti - venom has a short shelf life , and we get it from martinique which is very costly . so once someone gets bitten by the fer de lance snake it is ordered , only if the person or family they can afford it .

so we live on an island with one of the deadliest snakes in the western hemisphere and no anti venom , not even enough to save one persons life .

the niece used the word " allegedly " in her statement but yet still you have a lucian so quick to write a comment without reading nor understanding what the statement means . dislike my comment all you like i don ' t give a toss ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! 1 .

says who these things are kept frozen , first off people should have basic first aid knowledge living in a snake infested area the man should have been more careful raised beds are a must , then those pigs are lazy they usually kill snakes , what happen this time around .

sad man . sad . de pigs got too fat . dey kyan move .

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it ' s very doubtful you ' ll see or meet any snakes on the aerial tram .

i encountered a boa constrictor while walking in the rain forest many years ago . it seemed quite friendly at first , but then another member of my party started poking it with a stick and we all beat a hasty retreat .

as a point of reference , we know someone who lives in a rural area of costa rica where the fer - de - lance is much more plentiful . she kept antidote in the fridge for years but never used it and finally stopped replacing it . she also has many employees , none of whom got bitten in those years . she found a fer - de - lance in her carport and didn ' t get bitten . so enjoy the trip and just follow the guide ' s suggestions .

couple of other thoughts - - didn ' t want to alarm anyone . the risk is very low . but don ' t irritate wildlife ! how did the " snake - poker " know what the snake was ? benign snakes take the colouring of poisonous ones , and vice versa . anyone who " plays " with a snake like that is an idiot .

fairyjay , you sound like a sensible person and should be fine . sorry if my previous post was alarming - - didn ' t mean to be .

we have bears here . they have come to our front door . i am nervous about walking the little dogs but the " bear scare " doesn ' t deter me . just make enough noise . relevance to your trip ? the risk is very , very small . if you are in a hiking group , you will likely scare off any snakes . the aggression is if you walk in " their " fields , not if you and a few other people walk on a defined path .

i think we need to back to the original question . the poster is obviously concerned about snakes , and looking for reassurance that there will be no chance of seeing / meeting one on the aerial tramway .

in my opinion you will definitely not see or meet a snake on the tramway .

would you see one whilst hiking in the rainforest ? again , in my opinion , highly unlikely . although there are snakes in the rainforest , you need to understand that snakes are more frightened of people , than people are frightened of snakes , and therefore move out of the way when they sense people coming .

so , fairway , don ' t be alarmed of stories about the fer de lance , just do what thousands of people have already done , and enjoy your trip on the aerial tramway .

" aye , captain . . . a tall , cold piton in my hand , a stiff wind to chase the mosquitos , snakes in the rainforest , and my @ ss in a hammock . . . that ' s all i ask "

" rain forest sky rides tram nestled in the mountains of chassin , babonneau - over 2000 feet above sea level . "

" its range extends from roseau to canaries on the west coast , and from marquis to micoud on the east . it is confined mainly to coastal areas and is not common at elevations above 600 feet . "

" the ranges of the two snakes coincide but while bothrops prefers the ground and scrubby and cultivated areas , constrictor keeps to the bush and trees . "

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lesser antilles : martinique terra typica : unknown ; restricted to morne capot , between ajoupa - bouillon and le lorrain , martinique , by lazell , 1964 . ;

attributes / relations provided by ♦ 1 de magalhaes , j . p . , and costa , j . ( 2009 ) a database of vertebrate longevity records and their relation to other life - history traits . journal of evolutionary biology 22 ( 8 ) : 1770 - 1774 ♦ 2 venomous snakes and antivenoms search interface , world health organization ♦ 3 gibson , d . i . , bray , r . a . , & harris , e . a . ( compilers ) ( 2005 ) . host - parasite database of the natural history museum , london

ecoregions provided by world wide fund for nature ( wwf ) . wildfinder : online database of species distributions , ver . 01 . 06 wwf wildfinder

, " iron of the lance " ) . however , many scientists and hobbyists now restrict this name to the martinican species ,

most species are nocturnal , although a few found at higher altitudes are active during the day . otherwise , they may be seen on cloudy days or during periods of rain . most are terrestrial , though all are capable of climbing . one species ,

preys primarily on birds , due to the absence of native mammal species on queimada grande . this feeding habit probably accounts for their more arboreal lifestyle compared with their mainland cousins .

. without treatment , the fatality rate is estimated to be about 7 % , but with treatment this is reduced to 0 . 5 - 3 % .

southeastern brazil , paraguay , uruguay and northern argentina ( in the provinces of buenos aires , catamarca , córdoba , corrientes , chaco , entre ríos , formosa , la pampa , misiones , san luis , santa fe , santiago del estero and tucumán .

b . alcatraz - marques , martins & sazima , 2002 . range : brazil ( são paulo ) , common name : jararaca - de - alcatrazes

mcdiarmid rw , campbell ja , touré t . 1999 . snake species of the world : a taxonomic and geographic reference , vol . 1 . herpetologists ' league . 511 pp . isbn 1 - 893777 - 00 - 6 ( series ) . isbn 1 - 893777 - 01 - 4 ( volume ) .

campbell ja , lamar ww . 2004 . the venomous reptiles of the western hemisphere . comstock publishing associates , ithaca and london . 870 pp . 1500 plates . isbn 0 - 8014 - 4141 - 2 .

u . s . navy . 1991 . poisonous snakes of the world . us govt . new york : dover publications inc . 203 pp . isbn 0 - 486 - 26629 - x .

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bothrops is a genus of pit vipers endemic to central and south america . [ 1 ] the generic name , bothrops , is derived from the greek words βόθρος , bothros , meaning " pit " , and ώπς , ops , meaning " eye " or " face " , together an allusion to the heat - sensitive loreal pit organs . members of this genus are responsible for more human deaths in the americas than any other group of venomous snakes . [ 2 ] currently , 32 species are recognized . [ 3 ]

these snakes range from small , never growing to more than 50–70 cm ( 19 . 5–27 . 5 in ) , to large at over 200 cm ( 6 . 6 ft ) in total length . most are characterized by having a sharp canthus rostralis and an unelevated snout . [ 2 ]

the arrangement of the scales on top of the head is extremely variable ; the number of interorbital scales may be 3 - 14 . usually there are 7 - 9 supralabials and 9 - 11 sublabials . there are 21 - 29 rows of dorsal scales at midbody , 139 - 240 ventral scales , and 30 - 86 subcaudals , which are generally divided . [ 2 ]

members of this genus are responsible for more fatalities in the americas than any other group of venomous snakes . in this regard , the most important species are b . asper , b . atrox and b . jararaca . without treatment , the fatality rate is estimated to be about 7 % , but with treatment this is reduced to 0 . 5 - 3 % . [ 2 ]

typical symptoms of bothropic envenomation include immediate burning pain , dizziness , nausea , vomiting , sweating , headache , massive swelling of the bitten extremity , hemorrhagic blebs , local necrosis , bleeding from the nose and gums , ecchymosis , erythemia , hypotension , tachycardia , coagulopathy with hypofibrinogenemia and thrombocytopenia , hematemesis , melena , epistaxis , hematuria , intracerebral hemorrhage and renal failure secondary to hypotension and bilateral cortical necrosis . there is usually some discoloration around the bite site , and rashes may develop on the torso or the extremities . [ 2 ]

in general , death results from hypotension secondary to blood loss , renal failure , and intracranial hemorrhage . common complications include necrosis and renal failure secondary to shock and the toxic effects of the venom . [ 2 ]

atlantic lowlands of eastern mexico and central america , including guatemala , belize , honduras , nicaragua , costa rica and panama , a disjunct population occurs in southeastern chiapas ( mexico ) and southwestern guatemala , northern south america in colombia and venezuela [ 1 ] also in ecuador . [ 2 ]

allf , bradley c . , paul ap durst , and david w . pfennig . " behavioral plasticity and the origins of novelty : the evolution of the rattlesnake rattle . " the american naturalist 188 . 4 ( 2016 ) : 475 - 483

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phreatodytes is a genus of beetles in the family noteridae , containing the following species : phreatodytes archaeicus uéno , 1996 phreatodytes elongatus uéno , 1996 phreatodytes latiusculus uéno , 1996 phreatodytes mohrii uéno , 1996 phreatodytes relictus uéno , 1957 phreatodytes sublimbatus uéno , 1996

phreatodytes

phreatodytes <EOT> the broadened prosternal process , cranial extension of the noterid platform , metafurcal–metacoxal fusion , and swimming adaptations of the hind legs are regarded as synapomorphies of noteridae excluding notomicrus and phreatodytes .

shape of antennomere i , profemoral excavation , paramedian angle of anterior metacoxal wall , " noterid platform , " and the peculiar condition of the intercoxal wall are synapomorphies of noteridae ( excluding phreatodytes ) and notomicrus .

phreatodytes contains a single subterranean species taken from wells in japan . ueno ( 1957 ) considered it intermediate between the amphizoidae and noteridae , and placed it in a new family , the phreatodytidae . beutel and roughley ( 1987 ) consider it a primitive noterid and a sister group of all remaining noteridae .

the following characters are assigned to the ground plan of noteridae excluding phreatodytes : antennomere i short and pseudo - two - segmented , midgular apodeme present , slender prosternal process with acuminate apex , profemoral excavation , protibia without burrowing spur , short protarsomere i , metacoxal–metasternal fusion absent , paramedian angle of the anterior metacoxal wall present , intercoxal wall forming a platform that overrides the furcal origin , noterid platform present but not extended to the metasternum , metafurcal–metacoxal fusion absent , hind legs without swimming adaptations .

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sharp ( hydradephaga , coleoptera ) . canadian j . zool . 65 ( 8 ) : 1898 - 1905 .

1957 . blind aquatic beetles of japan , with some accounts of the fauna of japanese subterranean waters . arch . f . hydrobiol . 53 ( 2 ) : 250 - 296 .

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to cite this page : myers , p . , r . espinosa , c . s . parr , t . jones , g . s . hammond , and t . a . dewey . 2018 . the animal diversity web ( online ) . accessed at https : / / animaldiversity . org .

disclaimer : the animal diversity web is an educational resource written largely by and for college students . adw doesn ' t cover all species in the world , nor does it include all the latest scientific information about organisms we describe . though we edit our accounts for accuracy , we cannot guarantee all information in those accounts . while adw staff and contributors provide references to books and websites that we believe are reputable , we cannot necessarily endorse the contents of references beyond our control .

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possèdent donc les caractéristiques ancestrales suivantes : antennomère i court et divise en deux pseudo - segments , apodème présent au milieu de la gula , apophyse prosternale mince à extrémité pointue , excavation profémorale , protibia sans éperon fouisseur , protarsomère i court , métacoxa non fusionnée au métastemum , angle paramedian à la bordure antérieure de la métacoxa , bords internes soudés des métacoxas qui forment une plate - forme recouvrant l ' origine furcale , «plate - forme notéride» qui ne s ' étend pas jusqu ' au métastemum , absence de fusion métafurcale–métacoxale , pattes postérieures non natatoires .

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the orientation of male genitalia in the images is described in relation to their fundamental anatomical position , as recommended by miller & nilsson ( 2003 ; latissimus 17 : 1 - 4 ) .

department of ecology and environmental science umeå university the information on this page was checked on august 3 , 2006 . responsible for this page : anders . nilsson @ urltoken


trachylepis maculilabris is a species of skink .

commonly referred to as the speckle-lipped skink , it can be found in nature in west africa .

trachylepis maculilabris

trachylepis maculilabris <EOT> euprepis maculilabris gray 1845 : 114 euprepes notabilis peters 1879 : 36 euprepes albilabris müller 1885 mabuia ( sic ) maculilabris – boulenger 1887 : 164 mabuya maculilabris – schmidt 1919 : 525 mabuya maculilabris — angel 1942 : 110 mabuya maculilabris comorensis — loveridge 1953 : 200 ( not peters ) mabuya maculilabris maculilabris – de witte 1953 : 23 mabuya maculilabris major sternfeld 1912 ( fide loveridge 1957 ) mabuya maculilabris var . kwidkwiensis sternfeld 1912 mabuya maculilabris var . wauensis sternfeld 1912 mabuya maculilabris var . schubotzi sternfeld 1912 mabuya maculilabris var . graueri sternfeld 1912 mabuya maculilabris var . rohrbecki sternfeld 1912 mabuya maculilabris var . bergeri sternfeld 1912 mabuya polytropis — angel , guibé & lamotte 1954 mabuya maculilabris maculilabris — hoogmoed 1974 : 29 mabuya maculilabris — brygoo 1981 mabuya maculilabris — lanza 1990 mabuya maculilabris maculilabris — broadley 1991 : 523 mabuya maculilabris — greer et al . 2000 mabuya maculilabris maculilabris — broadley & howell 1991 : 15 euprepis maculilabris — mausfeld et al . 2002 trachylepis maculilabris — bauer 2003 mabuya maculilabris var . bergi — mausfeld et al . 2004 ( in error ) euprepis maculilabris — lantermann & lantermann 2009 mabuya maculilabris — largen & spawls 2010 : 394 trachylepis maculilabris — allen et al . 2017 trachylepis maculilabris — spawls et al . 2018 : 141

jennifer hammock split the classifications by mcz resource from trachylepis maculilabris gray 1845 to their own page .

le scinque brun de l ' île d ' europa ( trachylepis maculilabris infralineata ) ( îles eparses - terres australes et antarctiques françaises ) ( crédit : m . sanchez , noi )

ceríaco , luis m . p . ; mariana p . marques , aaron m . bauer 2016 . a review of the genus trachylepis ( sauria : scincidae ) from the gulf of guinea , with descriptions of two new species in the trachylepis maculilabris ( gray , 1845 ) species complex . zootaxa 4109 ( 3 ) : 284–314

kingdon , r . & spawls , s . 2010 . a new gregarious species of trachylepis ( reptilia : sauria : scincidae ) from lolui island , lake victoria , uganda , with a key to ugandan trachylepis . african journal of herpetology 59 ( 2 ) : 123 - 132 - get paper here

trachylepis maculilabris - species dictionary - hong kong : ispot nature - your place to share nature . ispot is a website aimed at helping anyone identify anything in nature . once you ' ve registered , you can add an observation to the website and suggest an identification yourself or see if anyone else can identify it for you .

allen , kaitlin e . ; walter p . tapondjou n . , luke j . welton , aaron m . bauer 2017 . a new species of trachylepis ( squamata : scincidae ) from central africa and a key to the trachylepis of west and central africa . zootaxa 4268 ( 2 ) : 255–269 - get paper here

broadley , d . g . 1974 . a review of the mabuya maculilabris group in south - eastern africa ( sauria : scincidae ) . arnoldia ( rhodesia ) 6 ( 23 ) : 1 - 10

jesus , josé ; d . james harris and antónio brehm 2005 . phylogeography of mabuya maculilabris ( reptilia ) from são tomé island ( gulf of guinea ) inferred from mtdna sequences . molecular phylogenetics and evolution 37 ( 2 ) : 503 - 510 - get paper here

sindaco , r . , metallinou , m . , pupin , f . , fasola , m . & carranza , s . 2012 . forgotten in the ocean : systematics , biogeography and evolution of the trachylepis skinks of the socotra archipelago . zoologica scripta

chirio , laurent , ivan ineich , andreas schmitz and matthew lebreton . 2008 . a new species of trachylepis fitzinger , 1843 ( squamata : scincidae ) from central african forests . african journal of herpetology 57 ( 1 ) : 13 - 28 - get paper here

ceriaco , luis m . p . 2015 . lost in the middle of the sea , found in the back of the shelf : a new giant species of trachylepis ( squamata : scincidae ) from tinhosa grande islet , gulf of guinea . zootaxa 3973 ( 3 ) : 511–527

for a list of records , countries , and specimens , see ceriaco et al . 2016 : 312 .

note : tdwg regions are generated automatically from the text in the distribution field and not in every cases it works well . we are working on it .

synonymy partly after hoogmoed 1974 . broadley ( 2000 ) elevated m . m . casuarinae to full species status .

angel , f . 1942 . les lézards de madagascar . mem . acad . malagache , tananarive xxxvi : 193 pp .

angel , f . guibé , j . & lamotte , m . 1954 . la réserve naturelle intégrale du mont nimba . 2 . xxxi . lézards . mem . i . f . a . n . 40 : 371 - 379

bauer , a . m . 2003 . on the identity of lacerta punctata linnaeus , 1758 , the type species of the genus euprepis wagler , 1830 , and the generic assignment of afro - malagasy skinks . african journal of herpetology 52 : 1 - 7 . - get paper here

boettger , o . 1913 . reptilien und amphibien von madagascar , den inseln und dem festland ostafrikas . pp . 269 - 375 . in : voeltzkow , a . reise in ostafrika in den jahren 1903 - 1905 . wissenschaftliche ergebnisse . vol . 3 . systematische arbeiten . schweizerbart’ sche verlagsbuchhandlung , nägele und sproesser , stuttgart

böhme , wolfgang , mark - oliver rödel , christian brede & philipp wagner 2011 . the reptiles ( testudines , squamata , crocodylia ) of the forested southeast of the republic guinea ( guinée forestière ) , with a country - wide checklist . bonn zoological bulletin 60 ( 1 ) : 35 - 61 - get paper here

boulenger , g . a . 1887 . catalogue of the lizards in the british museum ( nat . hist . ) iii . lacertidae , gerrhosauridae , scincidae , anelytropsidae , dibamidae , chamaeleontidae . london : 575pp . - get paper here

boulenger , g . a . 1897 . a list of reptiles and batrachians from the congo free state , with the description of two new snakes . ann . mag . nat . hist . ( 6 ) 19 : 276 - 281 - get paper here

branch w . r . ; haagner , g . v . 1993 . the skink mabuya ivensii : new records from zambia and zaire , and the status of the subspecies septemlineata laurent 1964 and the genus lubuya horton . amphibia - reptilia 14 ( 2 ) : 105 - 115 - get paper here

branch , w . r . ; rödel , m . - o . & marais , j . 2005 . herpetological survey of the niassa game reserve , northern mozambique - part i : reptiles . salamandra 41 ( 4 ) : 195 - 214 - get paper here

broadley , d . g . & howell , k . m . 1991 . a check list of the reptiles of tanzania , with synoptic keys . syntarsus 1 : 1—70

broadley , d . g . 1991 . the herpetofauna of northern mwinilunga distr . , northw . zambia . arnoldia zimbabwe 9 ( 37 ) : 519 - 538

broadley , d . g . 1998 . the reptilian fauna of the democratic republic of the congo ( congo - kinshasa ) . in : schmidt , k . p . and noble , g . k . , contributions to the herpetology of the belgian congo . . . [ reprint of the 1919 and 1923 papers ] . ssar facsimile reprints in herpetology , 780 pp .

broadley , d . g . 2000 . a review of the genus mabuya in southeastern africa ( sauria : scincidae ) . african journal of herpetology , 49 ( 2 ) : 87 - 110 - get paper here

broadley , donald g . and f . p . d . cotterill . 2004 . the reptiles of southeast katanga , an overlooked ' hot spot ' . [ congo ] . african journal of herpetology 53 ( 1 ) : 35 - 61 . - get paper here

brygoo e . r . , 1981 . systematique des lezards scincides de la region malgache viii . les mabuya des iles de l ' océan indien occidental : comores , europa , séchelles . bull . mus . natn . hist . nat . 3 : 911–930

calabresi , e . 1915 . contributo alla conoscenza dei rettili della somalia . monitore zoologico italiano ( supplemento ) , 28 : 234—247 . - get paper here

carlino , p . & pauwels , o . s . g . 2015 . an updated reptile list of ivindo national park , the herpetofaunal hotspot of gabon . bull . chicago herp . soc . 50 ( 3 ) : 25 - 39 - get paper here

carretero , m . a . ; harris , j . d . & rocha , s . 2005 . recent observation of reptiles in the comoro islands ( western indian ocean ) . herpetological bulletin ( 91 ) : 19 - 28

ceríaco , luis m . p . , aaron m . bauer , david c . blackburn and ana c . f . c . lavres . 2014 . the herpetofauna of the capanda dam region , malanje , angola . herpetological review 45 ( 4 ) : 667 - 674

chirio , l . & i . ineich 2000 . description d ' un nouveau scincidé endémique des montagnes du cameroun ( lacertilia : mabuya mekuana ) . bull . soc . zool . fr . , 125 ( 3 ) : 185 - 196

chirio , l . & lebreton , m . 2007 . atlas des reptiles du cameroun . mnhn , ird , paris 688 pp .

cimatti , e . 2005 . zanzibar - zala zoological park . reptilia ( gb ) ( 39 ) : 62 - 68 - get paper here

conradie , werner ; gabriela b . bittencourt - silva , hanlie m . engelbrecht , simon p . loader , michele menegon , cristóvão nanvonamuquitxo , michael scott , krystal a . tolley , 2016 . exploration into the hidden world of mozambique’s sky island forests : new discoveries of reptiles and amphibians . zoosyst . evol . 92 ( 2 ) : 163–180 , doi 10 . 3897 / zse . 92 . 9948 - get paper here

gray , j . e . 1845 . catalogue of the specimens of lizards in the collection of the british museum . trustees of die british museum / edward newman , london : xxvii + 289 pp . - get paper here

greer , a . e . , arnold , c . & arnold , e . n . 2000 . the systematic significance of the number of presacral vertebrae in the scincid lizard genus mabuya . amphibia - reptilia 21 ( 1 ) : 121 - 126 - get paper here

haagner , g . v . ; branch , w . r . & haagner , a . j . f . 2000 . notes on a collection of reptiles from zambia and adjacent areas of the democratic republic of the congo . annals of the eastern cape museum 1 : 1 – 25

haft j . 1993 . ein beitrag zur biologie der echsen der insel sao tome ( golf von guinea ) , mit näherer betrachtung zur systematik von leptosiaphos africana ( gray ) ( reptilia : sauria : geckonidae et scincidae ) . faunistische abhandlungen ( dresden ) 19 ( 1 - 16 ) : 59 - 70 .

hawlitschek , o . ; f . glaw & d . rödder 2012 . pemba – herpetologische fundgrube im indischen ozean . reptilia ( münster ) 17 ( 97 ) : 97 - 109 - get paper here

hoogmoed , m . s . 1974 . ghanese lizards of the genus mabuya ( scincidae , sauria , reptilia ) . zoologische verhandelingen 138 : 1 - 62 - get paper here

ineich , i . & l . chirio 2004 . l ' archipel afro - montagne et les affinités de son herpetofaune : description d ' une espèce nouvelle indiquant des relations phylétiques entre le camerun et l ' afrique de l ' est ( lacertilia , scincidae , genre trachyleps . bull . soc . zool . fr . , 129 ( 3 ) : 317 - 331

jackson , k . & blackburn , d . c . 2007 . the amphibians and reptiles of nouabale - ndoki national park , republic of congo ( brazzaville ) . salamandra 43 ( 3 ) : 149 - 164 - get paper here

jackson , kate 2008 . mean and lowly things - snakes , science , and survival in the congo . harvard university press , 336 pp .

jackson , kate ; ange - ghislain zassi - boulou , lis - bethy mavoungou , and serge pangou 2007 . amphibians and reptiles of the lactélé community reserve , likouala region , republic of congo ( brazzaville ) . herp . cons . biol . 2 ( 2 ) : 75 - 86 - get paper here

jacobsen , n . h . g . 2009 . a contribution to the herpetofauna of the passendro area , central african republic . african herp news ( 47 ) : 2 - 20

jesus , josé ; brehm , antónio ; harris , d . james 2005 . relationships of scincid lizards ( mabuya spp . ) from the islands of the gulf of guinea based on mtdna sequence data . amphibia - reptilia 26 ( 4 ) : 467 - 473 - get paper here

jungnickel , j . 2012 . ein echsen - kleinbiotop auf der insel sansibar . terraria - elaphe 2012 ( 4 ) : 14 - 15 - get paper here

kirschey , tom 2016 . assessment of herpetofauna ( amphibia , reptilia ) in the kafa biosphere reserve nabu , 25 pp . - get paper here

lantermann , w . & lantermann , y . 2009 . herpetologische reiseeindrücke aus den ost - usambara - bergen in tanzania . elaphe 17 ( 2 ) : 53 - 61

lanza b 1978 . mabuya ferrarai , a new scincoid lizard from somalia . monitore zoologico italiano supplemento 11 ( 12 ) 1978 : 271 - 280 - get paper here

lanza , b . 1990 . amphibians and reptiles of the somali democratic republic : check list and biogeography . biogeographia , 14 : 407 - 465 [ 1988 ]

largen , m . j . ; spawls , s . 2006 . lizards of ethiopia ( reptilia sauria ) : an annotated checklist , bibliography , gazetteer and identification . tropical zoology 19 ( 1 ) : 21 - 109 - get paper here

largen , m . j . ; spawls , s . 2010 . amphibians and reptiles of ethiopia and eritrea . edition chimaira , frankfurt , 694 pp .

leaché , adam d . ; mark - oliver rödel , charles w . linkem , raul e . diaz , annika < br / > hillers , and matthew k . fujita 2006 . biodiversity in a forest island : reptiles and amphibians of the togo hills , kyabobo national park , ghana . amphibian & reptile conservation 4 ( 1 ) : 22 - 45 - get paper here

loveridge , a . 1923 . notes on east african lizards collected 1920 - 1923 with the description of two new races of agama lionotus blgr . proc . zool . soc . london 1923 : 935 - 969 - get paper here

loveridge , a . 1936 . african reptiles and amphibians in the field museum of natural history . zool . ser . field mus . nat . hist . , chicago , 22 ( 1 ) : 1 - 122 - get paper here

loveridge , a . 1953 . zoological results of a fifth expedition to east africa . iii . reptiles from nyasaland and tete . bull . mus . comp . zool . harvard 110 ( 3 ) : 142 - 322 . - get paper here

loveridge , a . 1920 . notes on east african lizards collected 1915 - 1919 , with description of a new genus and species of skink and new subspecies of gecko . proc . zool . soc . london 1920 : 131 - 167 - get paper here

loveridge , a . 1957 . check list of the reptiles and amphibians of east africa ( uganda , kenya , tanganyika , zanzibar ) . bull . mus . comp . zool . harvard 117 ( 2 ) : 153 - 362 - get paper here

malonza , patrick k . ; victor d . wasonga , vincent muchai , damaris rotich , beryl a . bwong ; a . m . bauer 2006 . diversity and biogeography of herpetofauna of the tana river primate national reserve , kenya . journal of east african natural history 95 ( 2 ) : 95–109

malonza , vincent ; beryl a . bwong , vincent muchai 2011 . kitobo forest of kenya , a unique hotspot of herpetofaunal divers . acta herpetologica 6 ( 2 ) : 149 - 160 - get paper here

mausfeld , p . ; vences , m . schmitz , a . & veith , m . 2000 . first data on the molecular phylogeography of scincid lizards of the genus mabuya . mol . phylogenet . evol . 17 ( 1 ) : 11 - 14 - get paper here

mausfeld - lafdhiya , p . ; schmitz , a . ; ineich , i . ; chirio , l . 2004 . genetic variation in two african euprepis species ( reptilia , scincidae ) , based on maximum - likelihood and bayesian analyses : taxonomic and biogeographic conclusions . bonner zoologische beitrage 52 ( 1 - 2 ) : 159 - 177 - get paper here

pauwels , o . s . g . b . le garff , i . ineich , p . carlino , i . melcore , l . boundenga , c . vigna , t . stévart , k . jeffery , c . orbell , j . - b . < br / > squarcini , j . p . vande weghe and l . j . t . white 2016 . miscellanea herpetologica gabonica v & vi bull . chicago herp . soc . 51 : 177 - get paper here

pauwels , o . s . g . & vande weghe , j . p . 2008 . les reptiles du gabon . smithsonian institution , washington : 272 pp . - get paper here

peters , wilhem carl hartwig 1879 . neue oder weniger bekannte eidechsenarten aus der familie der scinciden ( eumeces güntheri , euprepes notabilis , ablepharus rutilus ) . sitzungsber . ges . naturf . freunde berlin 1879 ( 3 ) : 35 - 37 - get paper here

robertson , i . a . d . , b . m . chapman and n . f . chapman 1963 . notes on some reptiles collected in the rukwa valley , s . w . tanganyika . ann . mag . nat . hist . ser . 13 , 5 ( 55 ) : 421‑432 - get paper here

rocha , sara ; carretero , miguel a . ; harris , d . james 2010 . genetic diversity and phylogenetic relationships of mabuya spp . ( squamata : scincidae ) from western indian ocean islands . amphibia - reptilia 31 : 375 - 385 - get paper here

schmidt , karl patterson 1919 . contributions to the herpetology of the belgian congo based on the collection of the american congo expedition , 1909 - 1915 . part i : turtles , crocodiles , lizards , and chamaeleons . bull . amer . mus . nat . hist . 39 ( 2 ) : 385 - 624 - get paper here

segniagbeto , gabriel hoinsoude ; jean - françois trape , komlan m . afiademanyo , mark - oliver rödel , annemarie ohler , alain dubois , patrick david , danny meirte , isabelle adolé glitho , fabio petrozzi , and luca luiselli 2015 . checklist of the lizards of togo ( west africa ) , with comments on systematics , distribution , ecology , and conservation . zoosystema 37 ( 2 ) : 381 - 402 - get paper here

spawls , s . & rotich , d . 1997 . an annotated checklist of the lizards of kenya . j . east african nat . hist . 86 : 61 - 83 - get paper here

spawls , s . ; howell , k . ; drewes , r . c . & ashe , j . 2002 . a field guide to the reptiles of east africa . academic press , 543 pp . [ reviews in hr 34 : 396 and afr . j . herp . 51 ; 147 ] - get paper here

spawls , steve ; kim howell , harald hinkel , michele menegon 2018 . field guide to east african reptiles . bloomsbury , 624 pp . - get paper here

sternfeld , r . 1912 . iv . zoologie ii . lfg . reptilia . in : schubotz . , r . ( ed . ) : wissenschaftliche ergebnisse der deutschen zentral - afrika expedition 1907 - 1908 , unter führung a . friedrichs , herzogs zu mecklenburg . klinkhard und biermann , leipzig : 197 - 279 [ published 1912 , not 1913 , as often cited , see männel & kucharzewski 2017 ] - get paper here

sternfeld , r . 1917 . reptilia und amphibia . in : schubotz , h . ( hrsg . ) : wissenschaftliche ergebnisse der zweiten deutschen zentral - afrika - expedition , 1910 - 1911 unter führung adolph friedrichs , herzog zu mecklenburg . leipzig : klinkhardt & biermann , [ band ] 1 , zoologie , lieferung 11 ; s . 407 - 510 . - get paper here

taylor , edward h . ; weyer , dora 1958 . report on a collection of amphibians and reptiles from harbel , republic of liberia . univ . kansas sci . bull . 38 ( 14 ) : 1191 - 1229 - get paper here

trape , j . f . ; trape , s . & chirio , l . 2012 . lézards , crocodiles et tortues d ' afrique occidentale et du sahara . ird orstom , 503 pp . - get paper here

werner , f . 1908 . ergebnisse der mit subvention aus der erbschaft treitl unternommenen zoologischen forschungsreise dr . franz werner ' s nach nach dem ägyptischen sudan und norduganda . xii . die reptilien und amphibien . [ mabuia mongallensis , leptodira attarensis ] . sitzungsber . akad . wiss . wien 116 [ 1907 ] : 1823 - 1926 - get paper here

witte , g . f . de 1933 . reptiles récoltés au conge belge par le dr . h . schouteden et par m . g . - f . witte . ann . mus . conge belge zool . ser . 1 tome iii : 53 - 100 .

this database is maintained by peter uetz ( database content ) and jakob hallermann , zoological museum hamburg ( new species and updates ) .

the number of species increased from 10 , 711 to 10 , 793 , i . e . an increase of 82 species . 66 new species have been described , 9 species have been revalidated from synonymy and 16 subspecies were elevated to full species . . .

over the past 4 months , the number of species increased from 10 , 639 to 10 , 711 .

the number of species has grown from 10 , 544 in the may release to now 10 , 639 ( + 95 species ) .

overall , 212 new taxa have been added or changed their status or name .

the reptile database is a taxonomic database that provides basic information about all living reptile species , such as turtles , snakes , lizards , and crocodiles , as well as tuataras and amphisbaenians , but does not include dinosaurs .

currently there are more than 10 , 000 species and an additional 2 , 700 subspecies . this is making reptiles the largest vertebrate group after fish ( ~ 25 , 000 species ) and birds ( ~ 10 , 000 species ) , and significantly larger than mammals ( ~ 5 , 000 species ) or amphibians ( ~ 6 , 000 species ) .

the reptile database provides taxonomic information for the catalogue of life and the encyclopedia of life . our taxonomic information has also been used by genbank and many other resources and is the only comprehensive reptile database on the web .

the reptile database can be used to find all species within a certain geographic area ( e . g . all snakes of egypt ) . its collection of more than 2 , 500 images allow users to identify a species or at least get an idea how the species or genus may look like . more than 30 , 000 references provide a guide to further information .

continent : africa distribution : liberia , ivory coast , ghana , togo , benin , nigeria , cameroon , central african republic , equatorial guinea , gabon , democratic republic of the congo ( zaire ) , angola , zambia , somalia ( lanza 1990 ) , malawi , zimbabwe , mozambique , uganda , pemba island , tanzania , kenya , nosy tanikely , europa island , ethiopia , sudan ( werner 1908 ) , sao tome and principé ( gulf of guinea ) albotaeniata : pemba island and adjacent mesale islands . type locality : pemba island , tanzania . casuarinae : known only from the type locality : casuarinae island , one of the primeiras group , off the north mozambique coast . type locality : west africa

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i think our ugandan guide was first really sure he had a lunatic on his hands when i made him back up the jeep so i could take a picture of this lizard on a tree trunk near the road . it wasn ' t a particularly large or beautiful or probably even rare lizard , but it was one i hadn ' t seen .

< p > an evidence describes the source of an annotation , e . g . an experiment that has been published in the scientific literature , an orthologous protein , a record from another database , etc . < / p > < p > < a href = " / manual / evidences " > more . . . < / a > < / p >

help pages , faqs , uniprotkb manual , documents , news archive and biocuration projects .

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< p > when browsing through different uniprot proteins , you can use the ‘basket’ to save them , so that you can back to find or analyse them later . < p > < a href = ' / help / basket ' target = ' _ top ' > more . . . < / a > < / p >

< p > this will take you to the blast page where you can edit options < / p > < p > < a href = " / help / sequence - searches " > more . . < / a > < / p >

we ' d like to inform you that we have updated our privacy notice to comply with europe’s new general data protection regulation ( gdpr ) that applies since 25 may 2018 .

confused by a class within a class or an order within an order ? please see our brief essay .

to cite this page : myers , p . , r . espinosa , c . s . parr , t . jones , g . s . hammond , and t . a . dewey . 2018 . the animal diversity web ( online ) . accessed at https : / / animaldiversity . org .

disclaimer : the animal diversity web is an educational resource written largely by and for college students . adw doesn ' t cover all species in the world , nor does it include all the latest scientific information about organisms we describe . though we edit our accounts for accuracy , we cannot guarantee all information in those accounts . while adw staff and contributors provide references to books and websites that we believe are reputable , we cannot necessarily endorse the contents of references beyond our control .

this material is based upon work supported by the national science foundation grants drl 0089283 , drl 0628151 , due 0633095 , drl 0918590 , and due 1122742 . additional support has come from the marisla foundation , um college of literature , science , and the arts , museum of zoology , and information and technology services .

nosy be - madagascar 2014 - the island of freedom . . . andilana beach , nosy iranja . . . ( dji phantom 2 )