marstonia scalariformis , previously known as pyrgulopsis scalariformis , common name the moss pyrg , is a species of freshwater snail with a gill and an operculum , aquatic gastropod mollusk in the family hydrobiidae .

marstonia scalariformis

marstonia scalariformis <EOT> clade hypsogastropoda clade littorinimorpha | superfamilia = rissooidea | familia = hydrobiidae | subfamilia = nymphophilinae | genus = marstonia | species = m . scalariformis | binomial = marstonia scalariformis | binomial _ authority = ( wolf , 1869 ) | synonyms = pyrgula scalariformis wolf , 1869 pyrgulopsis scalariformis ( wolf , 1869 ) pyrgula scalarif . . .

smallest species of freshwater snail known from the tennessee river system rivaled in its small size among eastern snails only by marstonia agarhectra and marstonia castor . features of shell shape similar to marstonia scalariformis , which is a much larger species ( thompson , 2004 ) .

pyrgulopsis agarhecta ( f . g . thompson , 1969 ) - ocmulgee marstonia - marstonia agarhecta f . g . thompson , 1969

pyrgulopsis castor ( f . g . thompson , 1977 ) - beaverpond marstonia - marstonia castor f . g . thompson , 1977

pyrgulopsis halcyon ( f . g . thompson , 1977 ) - halcyon marstonia - marstonia halcyon f . g . thompson , 1977

pyrgulopsis pachyta ( f . g . thompson , 1977 ) - armored marstonia - marstonia pachyta f . g . thompson , 1977

pyrgulopsis arga ( f . g . thompson , 1977 ) - ghost marstonia - marstonia arga - f . g . thompson , 1977

the genus marstonia was formerly relegated to the synonomy of pyrgulopsis by hershler and thompson ( 1987 ) , but thompson and hershler ( 2002 ) later re - evaluated eastern north american species assigned to pyrgulopsis and recognized them as distinct species of the genus marstonia .

eastern north american species of pyrgulopsis are considered to be in separate genus marstonia according to the thompson and hershler ( 2002 ) .

pyrgulopsis hershleri f . g . thompson , 1995 - coosa pyrg - marstonia hershleri ( f . g . thompson , 1995 )

pyrgulopsis ogmoraphe ( f . g . thompson , 1977 ) - royal springsnail - marstonia ogmorhaphe ( f . g . thompson , 1977 )

thompson , f . g . 2005 . two new species of hydrobiid snails of the genus marstonia from alabama and georgia . the veliger 47 ( 3 ) : 175 - 182 .

thompson , f . g . and r . hershler . 2002 . two genera of north american freshwater snails : marstonia baker , 1926 , resurrected to generic status , and floridobia , new genus ( prosobranchia : hydrobiidae : nymphophilinae ) . the veliger , 45 ( 3 ) : 269 - 271 .

" index to vols . 1 - 5 . by w . j . mcgee " : v . 5 , p . 281 - 370

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) . this webpage should not be considered an official source . please check with the alabama department of conservation and natural resources for an official copy of the regulation .

it shall be unlawful to take , capture , kill , or attempt to take , capture or kill , possess , sell , trade for anything of monetary value , or offer to sell or trade for anything of monetary value , the following invertebrate species ( or any parts or reproductive products of such species ) without a scientific collection permit or written permit from the commissioner , department of conservation and natural resources , which shall specifically state what the permittee may do with regard to said species .

in addition , any required federal permits for federally protected species must be obtained .

return to : top of page alabama mollusks : overview , endangered and candidate species north alabama shell club page curator : deborah wills ( dwills @ hiwaay . net ) this page has been accessed times since 23 december 1998 . last revised : 23 december 1998

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kevin s . cummings , mollusk curator - homepage rachel vinsel , collection manager ( data requests ) jeremy tiemann , malacology staff sarah douglass , malacology staff alison p . stodola , malacology staff chris phillips , terrestrial gastropods

over 99 % have been identified to species and the names referenced to a literature source . all of the catalogued lots have been databased and 90 % have been geo - referenced ( assigned latitude and longitudinal coordinates ) . there are about 400 type lots : 200 freshwater gastropods , 150 terrestrial gastropods , and 50 freshwater bivalves . over 40 , 000 soft parts of more than 200 species have been preserved ( approximately half in ethanol ) and available for study . about 12 , 000 lots were collected from 1850 - 1950 and 46 , 500 from 1950 - present . we have a backlog of about 5 , 000 lots . we are in the process of imaging the specimens and 4000 lots have been photographed to date . ( july 2017 )

illinois natural history survey prairie research institute 1816 south oak street , mc 652 champaign , il 61820 217 - 333 - 6880 contact webmaster • sign in terms of use . email the web administrator with questions or comments . © 2018 university of illinois board of trustees . all rights reserved . for permissions information , contact the illinois natural history survey

turgeon , d . d . , j . f . quinn , jr . , a . e . bogan , e . v . coan , f . g . hochberg , w . g . lyons , p . m . mikkelsen , r . j . neves , c . f . e . roper , g . rosenberg , b . roth , a . scheltema , f . g . thompson , m . vecchione , and j . d . williams . 1998 . common and scientific names of aquatic invertebrates from the united states and canada : mollusks . 2nd edition . american fisheries society special publication 26 , bethesda , maryland : 526 pp .

apparently it has been collected alive recently only from meramec river , missouri ; shoal creek , lauderdale county , alabama ( where it is likely extirpated ) ; and flint river , madison county , alabama ; also round island creek and piney creek in limestone co . , alabama ( clark , 2007 ) . the subfossil record is much more extensive with shell material from illinois , indiana , and iowa . the extremely limited distribution ( range less than 20 square km ) , declining population trend ( 30 - 50 % recently , 75 - 90 % historically ) , and vulnerability to habitat degradation make the species vulnerable to extinction .

due to latency between updates made in state , provincial or other natureserve network databases and when they appear on natureserve explorer , for state or provincial information you may wish to contact the data steward in your jurisdiction to obtain the most current data . please refer to

recently , apparently has been collected alive only from meramec river , missouri ; shoal creek , lauderdale county , alabama ; and flint river , madison county , alabama ( mirarchi , 2004 ) . shoal creek population appears extirpated ( mirarchi et al . , 2004 ) . recently , three new populations were found ; in the flint river at the hayes nature reserve in madison co . , round island creek in limestone co . , and piney creek in limestone co . ( clark , 2007 ) . wu et al . ( 1997 ) list only a single site on the meramec river in crawford co . , missouri .

the terrain surrounding the flint river is primarily used for agriculture , but is currently under threat of increasing residential use , as suburbs of huntsville expand eastward . additionally , a golf complex was recently constructed to a reach of creek where the species occurs . it is also susceptible to introduction of pesticides and fertilizers as well as excessive irrigation and sedimentation ( mirarchi et al . , 2004 ) .

although still declining , most declines occurred historically ( hershler , 1994 ) although the shoal creek , lauderdale co . , alabama ( hershler , 1994 ) , population appears to be extirpated .

according to hershler ( 1994 ) , it was widely distributed in the mississippi , ohio , and tennessee river systems , at least prehistorically and was described from illinois pleistocene deposits . it was described from empty shells along the tazewell shore of the illinois river in illinois and is also known as dead shells from near the mouth of the rock river below davenport , iowa ( as pyrgulopsis mississippiensis ) and the wabash river at the chains in posey co . , indiana ( as pyrgulopsis wabashensis ) ( hershler , 1994 ) . it was once widespread in alabama but has been reduced to one population in the flint river ( mirarchi , 2004 ) and two in two creeks in limestone co . ( clark , 2007 ) ; plus one population on the meramec river in missouri ( wu et al . , 2007 ) .

the flint river population should be monitored periodically and habitat degradation identified and mitigated .

a survey of potential reintroduction sites should be conducted , and a captive propagation and reintroduction program should be considered . if deemed necessary , augmentation of existing populations should also be considered ( mirarchi et al . , 2004 ) .

( < 100 square km ( less than about 40 square miles ) ) appears to have been widely distributed in the mississippi , ohio , and tennessee river systems , at least prehistorically , and was described from pleistocene deposites in illinois . also fossil material below davenport , iowa ( hershler , 1994 ) . burch ( 1989 ) cites shoal creek , near florence , alabama ; illinois river , tazewell co . , and rock river , rock island co . , illinois , as pleistocene fossils . however , apparently has been collected alive only from meramec river , missouri ; shoal creek , lauderdale county , alabama ; and flint river , midson county , alabama ; also round island creek and piney creek in limestone co . , alabama ( clark , 2007 ) . shoal creek population appears extirpated ( hershler , 1994 ; mirarchi et al . , 2004 ) .

it primarily occurs in submerged masses of tree rootlets and bryophytes along steep banks adjacent to flowing water in rivers of all sizes ( mirarchi et al . , 2004 ) .

occurrences are based on some evidence of historical or current presence of single or multiple specimens , including live specimens or recently dead shells ( i . e . , soft tissue still attached without signs of external weathering or staining ) , at a given location with potentially recurring existence . weathered shells constitute a historic occurrence . evidence is derived from reliable published observation or collection data ; unpublished , though documented ( i . e . government or agency reports , web sites , etc . ) observation or collection data ; or museum specimen information .

separation barriers are largely based on permanent hydrological discontinuity between water bodies , with distances of 30 meters or greater between maximum high water marks constituting a separation barrier . additional barriers are chemical and / or physical and include any connecting water body ( regardless of size ) with one or more of the following on a permanent basis : no dissolved calcium content , acidity greater than ph 5 , lack of dissolved oxygen , extremely high salinity such as that found in saline lakes and brine waters , or temperature greater than 45 an additional physical barrier , particularly for flowing water , is presence of upland habitat between water connections . high waterfalls and anthropogenic barriers to water flow such as dams are barriers as they limit movement in an upstream direction .

use the generic guidelines for the application of occurrence ranks ( 2008 ) . the key for ranking species occurrences using the generic approach provides a step - wise process for implementing this method .

zoological data developed by natureserve and its network of natural heritage programs ( see local programs ) and other contributors and cooperators ( see sources ) .

burch , j . b . 1989 . north american freshwater snails . malacological publications : hamburg , michigan . 365 pp .

hershler , r . 1994 . a review of the north american freshwater snail genus pyrgulopsis ( hydrobiidae ) . smithsonian contributions to zoology , 554 : 1 - 115 .

hershler , r . and f . g . thompson . 1987 . north american hydrobiidae ( gastropoda : rissoacea ) : redescription and the systematic relationships of tryonia stimpson , 1865 and pyrgulopsis call and pilsbry , 1886 . the nautilus , 101 ( 1 ) : 25 - 32 .

mirarchi , r . e . , j . t . garner , m . f . mettee , and p . e . o ' neil . 2004b . alabama wildlife . volume 2 . imperiled aquatic mollusks and fishes . university of alabama press , tuscaloosa , alabama . xii + 255 pp .

mirarchi , r . e . , m . a . bailey , j . t . garner , t . m . haggerty , t . l . best , m . f . mettee , and p . o ' neil . 2004d . alabama wildlife . volume four : conservation and management recommendations for imperiled wildlife . university of alabama press , tuscaloosa , alabama . 221 pp .

mirarchi , r . e . , et al . 2004a . alabama wildlife . volume one : a checklist of vertebrates and selected invertebrates : aquatic mollusks , fishes , amphibians , reptiles , birds , and mammals . university of alabama press : tuscaloosa , alabama . 209 pp .

wu , s . - k . , r . d . oesch , and m . e . gordon . 1997 . missouri aquatic snails . natural history series , no . 5 . missouri department of conservation : jefferson , missouri . 97 pp .

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ridgely , r . s . , t . f . allnutt , t . brooks , d . k . mcnicol , d . w . mehlman , b . e . young , and j . r . zook . 2003 . digital distribution maps of the birds of the western hemisphere , version 1 . 0 . natureserve , arlington , virginia , usa .

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known only from the paint rock river from north of estillfork near the tennessee border , south to butler mill , near the tenenssee river , alabama ( thompson , 2005 ) . range has recently been expanded a few km up the paint rock river ( jackson co . ) due to new discoveries ( clark , 2007 ) . threat and trend information is lacking .

( < 100 square km ( less than about 40 square miles ) ) known only from the paint rock river from north of estillfork near the tennessee border , south to butler mill , near the tenenssee river , alabama ( thompson , 2005 ) . range has recently been expanded a few km up the paint rock river ( jackson co . ) due to new discoveries ( clark , 2007 ) .

distinguished by its minute size , slender , elongate in shape with an aperture that is less than half the length of the shell , and flatted whorls that are bordered at the periphery by a distinct angle or cord . the penis bears a terminal small apocrine gland , and has a long slender filament that is about half the length of the penis ( thompson , 2004 ) .

river section where the river passes through a narrow gap between limestone outcrops . snails found only on aquatic bryophytes growing on limestone in the faster current ; previously overlooked because small ( thompson , 2005 ) .

clark , s . a . 2007 . preliminary survey of the hydrobiidae of alabama . final report prepared for alabama department of conservation and natural resources , wildlife and freshwater fisheries division , montgomery , alabama . unpaginated .

pyrgulopsis is a genus of freshwater snails with a gill and an operculum , aquatic gastropod mollusks in the family hydrobiidae .

generic characters of the genus pyrgulopsis are : the shell is minute , conically turreted , somewhat elongated , imperforate and unicarinate . the apex is acute . the aperture is ovate . the peritreme is continuous .

the operculum is ovate , thin , corneous and spiral , with polar point well forward and approximating the columella .

the radula is like this : odontophore with teeth are arranged in transverse rows , according to the formula 3 + 1 + 3 . formula for denticles of rhachidian :

the distribution of the genus pyrgulopsis includes western and south - western united states .

snails of species in the genus pyrgulopsis occur in fresh water and in brackish water .

pyrgulopsis is the largest genus of freshwater gastropods in the north america . in 2010 , 133 species were recognized in this genus .

pyrgulopsis pilsbryana ( j . l . baily & r . i . baily , 1952 ) - bear lake springsnail

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the following lists were compiled by kevin cummings , jeremy tiemann , alison stodola , and rachel vinsel ( aquatic mollusca ) and chris phillips ( terrestrial mollusca ) . references are cited at the beginning of each list . because of our poor html skills , we have made no effort to show taxonomy using differential tabs , but we have indicated membership of all clades above the superfamily level . note that the membership contains only those clades with illinois species . for information on taxonomy of mollusca , see our phylogenetics of mollusca page .

distributional data taken from cummings ( 1991 ) , cummings and mayer ( 1992 ) , tiemann and cummings ( 2010 ) , tiemann and cummings ( 2013 ) , johnson et al . ( 2013 ) , and stodola et al . ( 2014 ) . taxonomy for mussels follows graf and cummings ( 2007 ) , except for gulf mapleleaf , which was not recognized by the authors but later determined to be a valid species ( williams et al . 2008 ) . also , since graf and cummings ( 2007 ) , the gender agreement for

lilliput , lilliput , and texas lilliput have changed ( williams et al . 2008 ) . common names taken from turgeon et al . ( 1998 ) . scientific and common names for snails follows

distributional data taken from range maps of hubricht ( 1985 ) and state lists of perez and cordeiro ( 2008 ) . nomenclature to family level according to bouchet & rocroi ( 2005 ) . common names according to turgeon et al . ( 1998 ) .

catinella exile ( leonard , 1972 ) - not listed in turgeon et al . , 1998 1

catinella parallela franzen , 1979 - listed in turgeon et al . , 1998 as “classification uncertain” 1 , 2

oxyloma deprimidum franzen , 1973 - listed in turgeon et al . , 1998 as “classification uncertain”

cochlicopa morseana ( doherty , 1878 ) - appalachian pillar ; not known from il , but extreme sw in re : hubricht , 1985 .

planogyra asteriscus ( e . s . morse , 1857 ) - eastern flat - whorl

columella simplex ( gould , 1841 ) 4 - listed in turgeon et al . , 1998 as “classification uncertain”

pupoides albilabris ( c . b . adams , 1841 ) - white - lip dagger

vertigo ventricosa ( e . s . morse , 1865 ) - five - tooth vertigo

striatura milium ( e . s . morse , 1859 ) - fine - ribbed striate

discus macclintocki ( f . c . baker , 1928 ) - pleistocene disc fe , se

helicodiscus parallelus ( say , 1821 ) - compound coil – date incorrect in turgeon et al . , 1998

helicodiscus singleyanus ( pilsbry , 1880 ) - smooth coil– date incorrect in turgeon et al . , 1998

1 perez and cordeiro ( 2008 ) listed this species as occurring in illinois .

2 listed in hubricht ( 1985 ) as a synonym of catinella avara , but turgeon et al . ( 1998 ) listed c . avara as a species dubium being based on a juvenile shell and most specimens referred to as c . avara are actually referable to c . vermeta .

3 turgeon et al . ( 1998 ) cited a . s . kennard ( 1942 . proc . malac . soc . london 25 : 111 - 118 ) to justify the use of cionellidae and cionella instead of cochlicopidae and cochlicopa .

4 listed in hubricht ( 1985 ) as a valid species citing hubricht ( 1971 . sterkiana 42 : 45 ) .

bouchet & rocroi , 2005 . classification and nomenclature of gastropod families . malacologia 47 : 1 - 397

cummings , k . s . 1991 . the aquatic mollusca of illinois . pp . 429 - 439 in l . m . page and m . r . jeffords , eds . our living heritage : the biological resources of illinois . illinois natural history survey bulletin 34 ( 4 ) : 357–477 .

cummings , k . s . and c . a . mayer . 1992 . field guide to freshwater mussels of the midwest . illinois natural history survey , manual 5 . 194 pp .

graf , d . l . and k . s . cummings . 2007 . review of the systematics and global diversity of freshwater mussel species ( bivalvia : unionoida ) . journal of molluscan studies 73 : 291 - 314 .

hubricht , l . 1985 . the distributions of the native land mollusks of the eastern united states . fieldiana , zoology , n . s . 24 : 1 - 191 .

johnson , p . d . , a . e . bogan , k . m . brown , n . m . burkhead , j . r . cordeiro , j . t . garner , p . d . hartfield , d . a . w . lepitzki , g . l . mackie , e . pip , t . a . tarpley , j . s . tiemann , n . v . whelan , and e . e . strong . 2013 . conservation status of freshwater gastropods of canada and the united states . fisheries 38 : 247 - 282 .

perez , k . e . and j . r . cordeiro , eds . 2008 . a guide for terrestrial gastropod identification . marla l . coppolino , illus . american malacological society . carbondale , il .

stodola , a . p . , s . a . douglass , and d . k . shasteen . 2014 . historical and current distributions of freshwater mussels in illinois . illinois natural history survey technical report 2014 ( 37 ) . 82 pp .

tiemann , j . s . and k . s . cummings . 2010 . new record for the freshwater snail lithasia geniculata ( gastropoda : pleuroceridae ) in the ohio river , illinois , with comments on potential threats to the population . southeastern naturalist 9 : 171 - 176 .

tiemann , j . s . , k . s . cummings , and j . e . schwegman . 2013 . first occurrence of the bankclimber plectomerus dombeyanus ( valenciennes , 1827 ) ( mollusca : unionidae ) in illinois . transactions of the illinois state academy of science 106 : 1 - 2 .

turgeon , d . d . et al . 1998 . common and scientific names of aquatic invertebrates from the united states and canada : mollusks . second edition . american fisheries society special publication 26 . pp . 526 .

williams , j . d . , a . e . bogan , and j . t . garner . 2008 . freshwater mussels of alabama & the mobile basin in georgia , mississippi & tennessee . university of alabama press , tuscaloosa 908 pp .

© 2018 university of illinois board of trustees . all rights reserved . for permissions information , contact the illinois natural history survey .

call r . e . & pilsbry h . a . ( 1886 ) . on pyrgulopsis , a new genus of rissoid mollusk , with descriptions of two new forms . proceedings of the davenport academy of natural sciences . 5 : 9 - 14 , pl . 2 . , available online at urltoken page ( s ) : 13 , pl . 2 figs 14 - 16 [ details ]

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committee chairs : nathan whelan and jeremy tiemann click here to join fmcs and this committee you can also download a searchable pdf of the document below by clicking here .

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al , ar , az , ca , co , ct , de , fl , ga , ia , id , il , in , ks , ky , la , ma , md , me , mi , mn , mo , ms , mt , nc , nd , ne , nh , nj , nm , nv , ny , oh , ok , or , pa , ri , sc , sd , tn , tx , ut , va , vt , wa , wi , wv , wy . canada , ab , bc , mb , nb , nf , ns , on , pe , qc , sk .

az , ca , co , ct , id , in , ks , ma , mi , mn , mt , nd , ne , nh , nm , ny , oh , or , pa , sd , ut , vt , wa , wi , wv , wy . canada , ab , bc , mb , nb , ns , nt , on , pe , qc , sk , yt .

ak , ca , id , me , mi , mn , mt , nd , nm , ny , or , vt , wa , wi , wy . canada , ab , bc , mb , nt , on , qc , sk .

ak , ct , ia , id , il , in , ky , ma , md , me , mi , mn , mo , mt , nc , nd , ne , nh , ny , oh , pa , sc , sd , va , wa , wi , wy . canada , ab , bc , lb , mb , nb , nf , ns , nt , nu , on , pe , qc , sk , yt .

ak , al , ar , az , ca , co , ct , de , fl , ga , ia , id , il , in , ks , ky , la , ma , md , me , mi , mn , mo , ms , mt , nc , nd , ne , nh , nj , nm , nv , ny , oh , ok , or , pa , ri , sc , sd , tn , tx , ut , va , vt , wa , wi , wv , wy . canada , ab , bc , lb , mb , nb , nf , nt , ns , nu , on , pe , qc , sk , yt .

ak , al , ar , az , ca , co , ct , de , fl , ga , ia , id , il , in , ks , ky , la , ma , md , me , mi , mn , mo , ms , mt , nc , nd , ne , nh , nj , nm , nv , ny , oh , ok , or , pa , ri , sc , sd , tn , tx , va , vt , wa , wi , wv , wy . canada , ab , bc , mb , nb , nt , ns , on , pe , qc , sk , nu .

al , ar , ct , de , fl , ga , ia , il , in , ks , ky , la , ma , md , mn , mo , ms , nc , nj , ny , oh , ok , pa , ri , sc , tn , tx , va , vt , wi , wv . canada , on , qc .

ak , ca , id , mt , or , ut , wa . canada , ab , bc .

al , ar , ca , ct , fl , ga , ia , il , in , ky , la , ma , md , me , mo , ms , nc , nh , nj , ny , oh , ok , pa , ri , sc , tn , tx , va wv . canada , ns , on .

ct , ia , il , in , ma , me , mi , mn , nd , ny , oh , pa , vt , wi . canada , mb , nb , nf , ns , on , pe , qc , sk .

ma , mi , mn , mt , nd , ny , oh , pa , wi . canada , ab , mb , on , nb , qc , sk .

ak , ca , co , id , mn , mo , mt , nd , nm , nv , or , sd , ut , wa , wy . canada , ab , bc , mb , nt , nu , on , sk , yt .

ak , al , ar , ca , co , ct , de , fl , ga , ia , id , il , in , ks , ky , la , ma , md , me , mi , mn , mo , ms , mt , nc , nd , ne , nh , nj , ny , oh , pa , ri , sc , sd , tn , tx , ut , va , vt , wi , wv , wy . canada , mb , nb , nf , ns , nu , on , pe , qc , sk .

al , ar , ct , fl , ga , ia , il , in , ky , la , ma , md , me , mi , mn , mo , ms , mt , nc , nd , ne , nh , nj , ny , oh , pa , ri , sc , sd , tn , va , vt , wi . canada , ab , bc , mb , nb , nt , ns , nu , on , pe , qc , sk , yt .

mt , nd , nm , sd , wy . canada , ab , bc , mb , nt , on , sk , yt .

ak , ar , az , ca , co , ct , ga , ia , id , il , in , ks , ky , ma , me , mi , mn , mt , nc , nd , ne , nh , nm , nv , ny , oh , ok , or , pa , sd , tn , tx , ut , va , vt , wa , wi , wy . canada , ab , bc , mb , nb , nt , ns , nu , on , pe , qc , sk , yt .

ak , ca , co , id , il , in , ks , mn , mt , nd , ne , nm , nv , ny , oh , ok , or , pa , sd , ut , wa , wi , wy . canada , ab , bc , mb , on , sk .

al , ar , ct , ga , ia , il , in , ky , la , ma , md , me , mi , mn , ms , nc , nd , ne , nh , nj , ny , oh , ok , pa , ri , sc , tn , tx , va , vt , wi , wv . canada , mb , nb , ns , on , qc .

al , ar , ct , fl , ga , ia , il , in , ky , la , ma , md , mi , mn , mo , ms , nc , nj , ny , oh , pa , sc , tn , va , vt , wi . canada , on , qc .

al , ar , co , ct , ia , il , in , ks , ky , la , ma , md , me , mi , mn , mo , ms , mt , nc , nd , ne , nh , nj , nm , ny , oh , ok , pa , ri , sc , sd , tn , ut , va , vt , wi , wy . canada , ab , mb , nb , ns , on , pe , qc , sk , lb , nf .

al , ct , ga , ma , md , ms , nc , nj , ny , pa , sc , va , vt . canada , nb , ns .

mi , mn , ny , oh , pa , vt , wi . canada , qc , mb , on .

ct , fl , ma , md , me , nh , nj . canada , nb .

al , ar , ia , il , in , ga , ky , mi , mn , mo , ms , ny , oh , pa , tn , vt , wi , wv . canada , mb , on , qc .

al , ar , il , in , ks , ky , la , me , md , mi , mn , mo , ms , nd , ne , ny , oh , ok , pa , sd , tn , tx , va , vt , wi . canada , mb , on , sk .

ia , il , in , ma , me , mi , mn , ny , oh , pa , vt , wi . canada , mb , on , nt , qc , nb .

al , ar , ia , il , in , ks , ky , la , me , mi , mn , mo , ms , mt , nc , nd , ne , ny , oh , ok , pa , sd , tn , tx , wi . canada , ab , mb , nt , nu , on , qc , sk .

md , nc , nj , ny , pa , sc , va , vt , wv . canada , on .

ia , il , in , ky , mi , ny , oh , pa , vt , wi . canada , on , qc .

ar , ia , il , in , ks , ky , la , mi , mn , mo , ms , ne , ny , oh , pa , tn , vt , wi , wv . canada , on , qc .

al , ar , ct , de , ga , fl , ia , il , in , ks , ky , la , ma , md , mi , mn , mo , ms , nc , nj , nm , ny , oh , ok , pa , sc , sd , tn , tx , va , wi , wv . canada , on , qc .

az , ca , co , id , mt , nv , or , ut , wa , wy . canada , bc .

ak , ia , in , me , mi , mn , mt , ny , vt , wa , wi . canada , ab , bc , lb , mb , nb , nf , ns , nt , on , pe , qc , sk , yt .

il , in , mi , ny , oh , pa , wi . canada , on .

ak , co , ct , ia , id , il , in , ma , me , mi , mn , mt , nc , nd , nh , ny , pa , sd , vt , wi , wy . canada , ab , bc , lb , mb , nt , nu , on , qc , sk , yt .

ar , ct , ia , id , il , in , ks , ky , ma , md , me , mi , mn , mt , nd , ne , nh , nj , ny , oh , pa , ri , sd , va , vt , wa , wi , wy . canada , ab , bc , mb , nb , nt , on , qc , sk .

species in this classification . to view subspecies , varieties and populations select the species .