the cape hairy bat , also known as little brown bat , temminck 's mouse-eared bat , cape myotis , tricoloured mouse-eared bat , cape hairy myotis , temminck 's hairy bat and three-coloured bat ( myotis tricolor ) is a species of vesper bat that is found in sub-saharan africa .

cape hairy bat

cape hairy bat <EOT> zool . cape hairy bat [ myotis tricolor , syn . : vespertilio tricolor ]

a young / baby of a cape hairy bat is called a ' pup ' . a cape hairy bat group is called a ' colony or cloud ' .

approximately 18 species of bats have been recorded in the fynbos biome of the cape peninsula including the insectivorous schreiber’s long - finger bat , cape serotine bat , darling’s horseshoe bat and temminck’s hairy bat and the fruit - eating straw coloured fruit bat and wahlberg’s epauletted fruit bat .

zool . hairy - faced bat [ myotis annectans , syn . : pipistrellus annectans ]

cape of good hope ( cape town ) research report : mammals 1978 : 23–41 .

the cape hairy bat is listed as least concern . does not qualify for a more at risk category . widespread and abundant taxa are included in this category , on the iucn red list of threatened species

records from the western cape . vernon ( 1972 ) recorded a collection from little brak

cape province : descriptions of some new subgenera and subspecies . annals of the south african museum

pellets from 10 or more western cape province quarter - degree squares . white circles indicate dominance in

zool . northern long - eared bat [ myotis septentrionalis , syn . : myotis keenii septentrionalis , vespertilio gryphus septentrionalis ] [ north american bat species ]

africa ( avery et al . 2002 , 2003 ) , examines for the first time all western cape

cape province quarter - degree squares . white circles indicate dominance in squares yielding remains of at least 100

in the southern cape province , south africa . annals of the south african museum 86 : 183–374 .

mills g , hes l . 1997 . the complete book of southern african mammals . cape town :

pellets from the western cape province ( list according to bronner et al . 2003 and musser and carleton 1993

southern cape . in : vogel jc , editor . late cainozoic palaeoclimates of the southern hemisphere . rotterdam :

. in : mills g , hes l , editors . the complete book of southern african mammals . cape

lynch cd . 1989 . the mammals of the north - eastern cape province . memoirs of the national museum

stuart ct , lloyd ph . 1978 . preliminary distribution maps of the cape province ( excluding chiroptera , cetacea

zool . kashmir cave bat [ myotis longipes , syn . : vespertilio longipes ]

zool . singapore whiskered bat [ myotis oreias , syn . : vespertilio oreias ]

zool . sakhalin bat [ myotis petax , syn . : myotis daubentonii petax ]

stuart ct , palmer ng , munnik bm . 1978 . a preliminary report on the vertebrate fauna of cape provincial

zool . brandt ' s bat [ myotis brandtii , syn . : myotis brandti ]

zool . daubenton ' s bat [ myotis daubentonii , syn . : myotis daubentoni ]

zool . eastern water bat [ myotis petax , syn . : myotis daubentonii petax ]

if a bat flies into your house open the doors and windows and quietly watch until it leaves . the bat is most likely young , lost and eager to leave .

de hoog rj . 1967 . a survey of small mammals at the provincial wildlife farm , de hoop . cape provincial

zool . malagasy mouse - eared bat [ myotis goudoti , syn . : vespertilio goudotii ]

zool . eastern small - footed bat [ myotis leibii , syn . : vespertilio leibii ]

zool . western small - footed bat [ myotis ciliolabrum , syn . : vespertilio ciliolabrum ]

depending on the type of bat , their life span is between 4 and 30 years .

lawson ab . 1982 . notes on the mammals of the gamka mountain reserve , cape province . bontebok 2 : 1–8 .

zool . formosan mouse - eared bat [ myotis taiwanensis , syn . : myotis adversus taiwanensis ]

zool . maghreb mouse - eared bat [ myotis punicus , syn . : myotis blythi punicus ]

zool . maghrebian mouse - eared bat [ myotis punicus , syn . : myotis blythi punicus ]

large - spotted genet genets are associated with fynbos in the southern cape . they feed on insects , rodents , birds and reptiles .

we first checked the bat house where the one yellow house bat had been seen on my previous visit . to my surprise this bat house was again occupied with a colony of angolan free - tailed bats – perhaps 150 of them . then we went to the bat house where we hoped to find out what type of yellow house bats had caused me such confusion the last time i was there .

a medium sized antelope with a long hairy coat . the colour of mountain reedbuck varies from grey to reddish - brown and the neck is always brown . the belly is white , the tail bushy with white underneath . . .

correspondence : iziko south african museum , p . o . box 61 , cape town , 8000 south africa . email : mavery @ urltoken

grindley j , siegfried wr , vernon cj . 1973 . diet of the barn owl in the cape province . ostrich 44 : 266–267 .

hen suddenly at about 18 . 45 hrs – about 25 minutes after the emergence of the angolan free - tailed bat from other bat houses , there was a sudden thump into the upper mist net and we were confident that we indeed had something unusual on account of size alone . i rushed to remove the bat from the mist net in case it might free itself . with the light available from our torches i could see that it was a yellow house bat and that this would not be the normal yellow house bat on account of the much greater size . we had , indeed , captured the first giant yellow house bat ,

large grey mongoose ( cape ichneumon ) these mongoose occur in various vegetation types , but they’re always associated with rivers . they feed on rodents , birds , reptiles , snakes , frogs and insects . the cape grey mongoose and the water mongoose are lso fairly common in the knysna area .

zool . bechstein ' s bat [ myotis bechsteinii , syn . : m . bechsteini , vespertilio bechsteinii ]

in response to the early success of the superman in action comics , bob kane of national publications ( later dc comics ) created the ' bat - man ' , a caped crusader , fighting crime whilst incorporating the imagery of a bat in order to frighten criminals . he wore a scallop - hem cape , a cowl covering most of the face featuring a pair of batlike ears , a stylized bat emblem on the chest , and the ever - present utility belt .

zool . rufous mouse - eared bat [ myotis bocagii , syn . : m . bocagei , vespertilio bocagii ]

zool . bat volute [ cymbiola vespertilio , syn . : c . ( cymbiola ) vespertilio , voluta vespertilio ]

but the whole story started on 12th october 2004 when i was doing some work in the komatipoort area in preparation for a documentary on a breeding colony of sundevall’s leaf - nosed bats . in a moment of spare time i was checking on some bat houses that i had previously supplied to a time - share resort . i was concerned that while these bat houses had been occupied by well - established colonies of angolan free - tailed bats , mops condylurus , it now seemed that these bats may have left these bat houses . so when checking in one bat house i could only find a single yellow house bat tucked in high up between the crevices within the bat house .

the intermediate slit - faced bat ( nycteris intermedia ) , wood ' s slit - faced bat ( nycteris woodi ) , and n . aurita are considered by the iucn to be lower risk / near threatened . the javan slit - faced bat ( nycteris javanica ) and ja slit - faced bat ( nycteris major ) are considered vulnerable , the former because of declining range , the latter because of restricted range . too little is known about the madagascar slit - faced bat ( nycteris madagascariensis ) to assess its conservation status , and it is listed as data deficient .

batman was really bruce wayne , who lived in wayne manor . when he is needed , gotham city police would activate a searchlight with a bat - shaped insignia over the lens called the bat - signal , which shines into the night sky , creating a bat - symbol on a passing cloud . on a clear night , gotham city police commissioner gordon would call him on the bat - phone , situated in the study with an extension into the batcave .

zool . rickett ' s big - footed bat [ myotis pilosus , syn . : myotis ricketti , vespertilio ricketti ]

the vampire bat is a fascinatingly unique creature in many ways . here ' s something more about it . . .

vampire bats do indeed feed on blood , however , rather than being the huge monstrous creatures depicted in fiction and film , they are actually not larger than a mouse . there are only three species of bats that have this feeding habit―the desmodus rotundus , or the common vampire bat , the diphylla ecuadata , or the hairy legged vampire bat , and the diaemus youngi , or the white winged vampire bat . and all these species are in the americas , in the regions of mexico , chile , brazil , and argentina . amongst these , as is evident from its name , the common vampire bat is the species that is most widespread . these bats feed on cattle , birds , horses , pigs , donkeys , goats , and so on .

never touch or pick up a bat : it may bite in self - defense , just like any other wild animal .

the banana bat is a tiny bat which is 77 mm long and weighs 4 . 0 grams . the dense fur on the back can be various shades of brown , whereas the undersides are always of a lighter shade than the dorsal colouration . . .

sharpe ' s grysbok is a shy antelope , which is slightly smaller than the cape grysbok , and which has a thick - set body and a rich rufous - coloured coat . . .

whether in the folklore of central and south america , where the vampire bat is mainly found , as well as the mythology of european cultures and various others too , or in popular film and fiction , vampire bats have always been depicted as monstrous blood - sucking creatures . it was the movie ' dracula ' , based on bram stoker ' s novel , featuring count dracula , with his bat - like cape and fangs , prowling for victims to suck blood from in the dead of the night , while he slept all day long , which also featured bats , that has left lasting images of the vampire bat .

bats have teeth and chew their food . seventy percent of all bats eat insects . one bat can eat more than a thousand insects in 1hr !

to continue benefitting from having bats nearby , but not in your roof , you can construct a ‘bat box’ to provide them with a vital roosting site . for instructions on how to construct a bat box go to the endangered wildlife trust’s website : urltoken or email kathp @ urltoken for more information .

widespread in savanna woodlands of sub - saharan africa from sierra leone in the west through east africa and north to the middle east on either side of the red sea ; occur south in africa to the cape .

i debated in my mind the best way to check out my hunch . i concluded that it would be essential to have some companions with me who were active bat workers with good knowledge to help out . i contacted lientjie cohen and koos de wet , who regularly work with us on bat outings and who do a lot of bat work within their department duties . we agreed to meet at ngwenya lodge , near komatipoort , in the late afternoon of monday 25th october .

for the record the average forearm length of the four captured bats was about 79 . 76mm and their average weight ( mass ) with empty stomachs prior to evening feeding was 84 . 95gms ( about three times the weight of the standard yellow house bat , scotophilus dinganii ) while considering that the three females were probably in about mid pregnancy . these figures reveal that this species is the second largest insectivorous bat in south africa with the commerson’s leaf - nosed bat , hipposideros commersoni , being somewhat larger .

although the average bat weighs just about 40 grams , it usually drinks more than 20 grams of blood in a 20 - minute feeding session . this adds another element of complexity , since this weight would make flying after a session of feeding quite impossible . but , the bat ' s digestive system has adapted itself to process its food rapidly and digest it .

the mention of bats does not usually evoke feelings of love and warmth in most people . misconceptions about bats have not made them very popular creatures even though they play a vital role in maintaining biodiversity and in the sustainability of the environment . bats are the only mammals that can fly and south africa boasts some 7 fruit - eating bat species and 65 insect - eating bat species .

the female cape hare is slightly larger than the male . the mass varies from 1 . 5 - 2 . 5 kg . the fur is pale brownish - grey . the long ears and black - and - white tail is most obvious in flight . . .

but for girlie , it was not just a matter of eating as much as she could . she also had a number of engagements to fulfil ; she had to attend a committee meeting and meet the members , she had an appointment with a visiting bat zoologist from cape town , who needed an extra biopsy from the wing for dna information to go towards a phd and to trace the wing shape to assess manner of flight , and she was to visit the taxonomist at the transvaal museum for an acquaintance , but she was not destined to remain there . ( to the inexperienced eye i believe from the wing shape that this is a very fast flying bat ) .

cape clawless otter these otters always live near water ( fresh or salt ) and they’re often seen playing and hunting in the breakers . they do sometimes wander onto dry land in search of food , which includes crabs , frogs , fish , small mammals , insects and birds .

but by having now supplied the transvaal museum with a specimen of the species of the giant yellow house bat , there is now no necessity for another of this species to be collected from that same region .

body stripes of the burchells zebra are less numerous and broader than that of the cape mountain zebra , whereas body stripes extend around the belly . leg striping is less prominent . measures 1 . 3 to 1 . 4 metres at the shoulder and weighs 300 - 320 kg . . .

despite these , and many more , fantastic benefits of bats over one fifth of all bat species are threatened and some people still consider them loathsome creatures . below is a list of myths and misconceptions about bats ;

the cape clawless otter is larger than the only other species which occurs in southern africa , the spotted - necked otter . it is long - necked , sleek - furred and short - legged with a long , flattened but pointed - tipped tail which it uses as a rudder . . .

with lientjie , koos and me were my wife , rose , who was also our photographer , and adam palmer , who was again kindly helping us with ladders and other logistics . koos looked up at the bat house and noticed that a large lizard was in the bat house with it’s head sticking out . this dampened our spirits , as we were worried that something unexpected may be interfering with our hopes to make a strange finding .

the bat - eared fox has a shoulder height of only 30cm , a length of about 75cm and weighs less than 5 kilograms . it has a beautiful silver - gray fluffy coat with a black - tipped bushy tail . . .

there are approxiamately 900 species of bat worldwide , all with a unique lifestyle as different from each other as a cheetah from a leopard . they are divided into two sub - orders . most of the species found in namibia belong to :

bats do not suck blood and are not vampires . only 3 bat species , all from south america , feed on cow , horse and chicken blood by making a small incision on their skin and licking – not sucking - the blood .

a medium - sized bat ; forearm ranging 1 . 6–2 in ( 4 . 2–5 . 1 cm ) ; weight 0 . 2–0 . 4 oz ( 7–12 g ) . long , fine fur is gray to red . large ears .

in typical manner girlie devoured a full meal of scarab and dung beetles on the evening of 17th november , and then i returned her into the bat house from which she had been captured 22 days earlier . we were always conscious that we did not want to take a female bat that was likely to be pregnant at that time of the year as a scientific voucher for museum records . by the time that girlie was released , there was every indication that she was indeed well pregnant .

the vampire bat has developed a unique social behavioral pattern which can be seen in their reciprocal altruism , wherein , bats that feed successfully come back to their roost and regurgitate some of the blood to a hungry bat . according to studies , it has been found that this behavior of blood sharing by regurgitation occurs amongst both related as well as unrelated bats in a group . in fact , they even set up a buddy system , wherein , pairs of bats form relationships based on blood sharing .

like all so - called ' free - tailed ' bats , the distal portion of the tail of the ansorgi ' s free - tailed bat is not encased in the interfemoral membrane , and thus presents as a protrusion above the flying membrane . . .

most species of slit - faced bats occur in africa , one ranging from the north ( israel and adjacent countries ) to the south ( the cape ) . two other species occur in southeast asia , from myanmar , thailand , and malaysia to sarawak , sumatra , java , borneo , and bali . one species has been reported from madagascar .

african elephant large herds of elephant roamed the cape until well into the 19th century . in 1876 the local forestry officer reported that there were between 400 and 600 elephants in the knysna - tsitsikamma district . but hunting , poaching , the great fire of 1869 , and human encroachment on their environment almost wiped out the elephants of the southern cape . a few survivors still range freely in the knysna area , and although they ' re associated with the forests , reay smithers noted in his mammals of the southern africa sub - region that “elephants are not a forest species , and their occurrence in the knysna forest appears to be due to their being forced into this unnatural environment by man . ”

as implied by the popular name , the lesser yellow house bat is similar in general appearance to its sister species , but is slightly smaller and leaner with a total head - to - tail length of 120 mm and a body mass of about 16 gr . . .

. . . data based on records in the durban natural science museum ) . similarly , d . capensis was relatively infrequently sampled through barn owl ( tyto alba ) pellets in the western cape province ( avery et al . 2005 ) . as a wetland specialist that rarely emerges from the wetlands , it is trap - shy and thus difficult to monitor . . . .

aldridge , h . d . j . n . , m . obrist , h . g . merriam , and m . b . fenton . " roosting , vocalizations and foraging by the african bat , nycteris thebaica . " journal of mammalogy 71 ( 1990 ) : 242–246 .

rose and i returned to gauteng with the one female giant yellow house bat . she became a bit of a celebrity over the next three weeks as keen members wished to view the bat , take photographs and try to get some echolocation records . the bat , called ‘girlie’ over that period , performed wonderfully by impressing visitors with her rugged ability to decimate the biggest and hardest beetles available . for the 3 to 3 . 5gm rhino beetles and similar sized scarabs , she would ambush them in her cage with rapid powerful chomps with her well developed mouthful of incisors and molars . with these large beetles she would seize the prey in her teeth , then hang up by her thumbs on the cage mesh and devour the beetle with noisy chewing within the chamber formed by her interfemoral membrane . she was able to consume five standard size chafer beetles every thirty seconds .

this paper provides a basis for conservation work by detailing the micromammalian taxa occurring in the northern cape province . it presents new evidence from 30 barn owl pellet collections , augmented by previously published material from trapping or observation ( here called ‘conventional’ reports ) and owl roosts , divided into pre - 1930 , 1930–1979 and 1980 and newer as an indication of . . . [ show full abstract ]

the bat is a mouse - like flying mammal . it belongs to the order chiroptera which is greek for ' hand wing ' . it ' s forelimbs are modified to form wings , consisting of mainly elongated fingers between which the wing membrane , ( a double layer of skin ) is stretched .

then on monday 25th october 2004 we had a major breakthrough in the positive finding of a species of bat that had never been located before in south africa . in fact , it is a very poorly known species throughout it’s distribution range almost throughout sub saharan africa . so the species is only recorded from isolated spots , with nine known records from nine different countries . these separate records are from senegal , ghana , nigeria , sudan , eastern congo , malawi , zimbabwe , mozambique and now south africa . but in some of those discoveries more than a single bat of the species was encountered but only at single localities .

and then i went to check another of the same type of bat house , and when i opened the bottom cleaning door , i saw the rapid shuffling away and up into the crevices of several yellow house bats that just looked very unusual to me as they seemed larger than usual . but i did not have any reference literature with me and it was frustrating to not be able to search for some explanation on what i had just seen . i was aware , though , from memory , that there was another larger species of yellow house bat , but i would have to wait until i returned to gauteng to consult the literature .

the blood plasma , which has no nutritive value , is absorbed rapidly by the lining of the stomach , which is then swiftly taken to the kidneys by the circulatory system . from there , it goes into the bladder and is excreted . in fact , the common vampire bat begins expelling extremely dilute urine , mainly comprising blood plasma , within 2 minutes of starting to feed .

then it goes back to its roost , settling down for the remaining part of the night to digest its meal of blood . but , it now faces a new digestive problem . since blood is basically protein , it creates a large amount of urea which has to be eliminated . therefore , the bat ' s urinary system utilizes a number of hormones which makes the urine very concentrated , containing less water and more urea .

they may not depend upon to find their prey , relying instead on sound cues such as the songs or footfalls of prey . slit - faced bats also take flying prey . accumulations of discarded pieces of prey under feeding roosts provide biologists with a picture of the diets of slit - faced bats . unlike other species of bat , slit - faced bats are warm - blooded and cannot enter torpor , a state of total inactivity .

light brown above , ventral side is lighter brown or grayish white . medium - sized bat with large ears and well - developed calcar . muzzle has deep median furrow . head and body length 3 . 8–4 . 3 in ( 9 . 7–11 cm ) , tail length 1 . 8–2 . 2 in ( 4 . 7–5 . 8 cm ) , forearm length 1 . 6–1 . 9 in ( 4 . 3–4 . 7 cm ) .

at the back of my mind , has been that some four to five years ago , dr brian whiting and i , who have put in many hours working with and studying the bats at ngwenya together , had on two occasions sighted single much larger insect eating bats that had exited from a bat house , but we were never able to find out what we had seen . were we about to get to the moment of unravelling this puzzle ?

the best way to attract bats to your area or garden is to provide them with feeding sites . bats like a diversity of habitat and are more likely to forage in gardens planted with a diverse collection of indigenous vegetation . there is little or no danger or risk of disease if bats live in your roof , in fact , having a resident bat colony may go a long way in reducing mosquito problems ! here are some tips to help you live harmoniously with bats in your area ;

other animals that feed on blood , such as leeches and ticks , do not have the same problem , because they can go for weeks , or months , and sometimes even years without feeding themselves . however , since the vampire bat is a warm - blooded animal , the necessity of it staying warm means that if it fasts it can die soon . this is one of the reasons why they are not found in the cooler regions of north , or central , or south america .

however , the common vampire bat does have the ability of maneuvering on the ground as well as in the air . and they have strong pectoral muscles which they use , along with their long thumb and their hind knees to launch themselves into the air , catapulting about 4 feet high . once airborne , it transitions into flight in a single fluid motion , all of which takes just 30 milliseconds . as they need to feed close to the ground , this rapid take - off is highly advantageous .

the saliva is one of the most important elements used in their system of feeding . it contains a number of ingredients which help in prolonging bleeding . one of them is an anticoagulant , called draculin , that prevents clotting . another ingredient prevents red blood cells from sticking together , while a third prevents the veins at the wound from constricting . it then uses its tongue to lap up the blood , and not suck it , as is the common misconception . each bat requires about 2 tablespoons of blood per day .

many fruit bats are responsible for pollinating flowing and fruit trees , including bananas , mangos , wild guavas and even the iconic african baobab . bat guano , or faeces , is considered one of the most nutrient - rich types of plant fertilizer and is sold all over the world . research is currently underway to use unique anticoagulant , extracted from the saliva of south american vampire bats , to help stroke and heart attack victims and studies of bats’ use of echolocation have resulted in the design of navigation systems for the blind .

. . . barn owl ( tyto alba ) pellets from de hoop nature reserve contained all seven species of bats but in small proportions relative to the proportions of other species of prey taken . amongst bat species , more n . capensis are taken by owls ( avery et al . , 2005 ) probably because , as a clutter - edge forager , it combines relatively slow flight with foraging at the edge of vegetation rather than under its cover . bats have been reported to reduce or suppress activity in bright light with increased activity on cloudy and moonless nights , leading to the inference of predation as the cause of the behavioural changes ( reith , 1982 ; welbergen , 2006 ) . . . .

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this species has been patchily recorded in sub - saharan africa . in west africa the species has currently only been reported from the northwestern uplands of liberia ( koopman 1995 ) , while in central africa it is known only from a few records in the democratic republic of the congo and rwanda ( hayman et al . 1966 ; baeten et al . 1984 ) . the species is much more widely recorded in east africa , ranging from ethiopia in the north , through uganda , kenya , tanzania , malawi , zambia , mozambique and zimbabwe through to southern south africa .

it has been recorded from the virunga national park in the democratic republic of the congo ( baeten et al . 1984 ) and in view of its east african range , it seems likely that it is present in additional protected areas . further studies are needed into the range of this species in west and central africa .

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1984 ) . the species is much more widely recorded in east africa , ranging from ethiopia in the north , through uganda , kenya , tanzania , malawi , zambia , mozambique and zimbabwe through to southern south africa .

classification from integrated taxonomic information system ( itis ) selected by jakob fahr - see more .

jakob fahr marked the classification from " integrated taxonomic information system ( itis ) " as preferred for " myotis tricolor ( temminck , 1832 ) " .

jakob fahr set " image of myotis tricolor " as an exemplar on " myotis tricolor ( temminck , 1832 ) " .

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simmons , nancy b . / wilson , don e . , and deeann m . reeder , eds .

mammal species of the world : a taxonomic and geographic reference , 3rd ed . , vols . 1 & 2

mammal species of the world : a taxonomic and geographic reference , 2nd ed . , 3rd printing

with contributions by bernadette n . graham , adam p . potter , and mariana m . upmeyer

comments : includes eptesicus loveni , see schlitter and aggundey ( 1986 ) . see taylor ( 2000a ) for distribution map

disclaimer : itis taxonomy is based on the latest scientific consensus available , and is provided as a general reference source for interested parties . however , it is not a legal authority for statutory or regulatory purposes . while every effort has been made to provide the most reliable and up - to - date information available , ultimate legal requirements with respect to species are contained in provisions of treaties to which the united states is a party , wildlife statutes , regulations , and any applicable notices that have been published in the federal register . for further information on u . s . legal requirements with respect to protected taxa , please contact the u . s . fish and wildlife service .

welcome to itis , the integrated taxonomic information system ! here you will find authoritative taxonomic information on plants , animals , fungi , and microbes of north america and the world . we are a

) ; other organizations ; and taxonomic specialists . itis is also a partner of

zool . temminck ' s myotis [ myotis tricolor , syn . : vespertilio tricolor ]

bot . granny vine / grannyvine [ ipomoea tricolor , syn . : i . rubro - coerulea , violacea , pharbitis rubro - caerulea , p . tricolor ]

bot . tricolored morning glory [ am . ] [ ipomoea tricolor , syn . : i . rubro - coerulea , violacea , pharbitis rubro - caerulea , p . tricolor ]

bot . heavenly - blue morning glory [ ipomoea tricolor , syn . : i . rubro - coerulea , violacea , pharbitis rubro - caerulea , p . tricolor ]

bot . flying saucers { pl } [ treated as sg . ] [ ipomoea tricolor , syn . : i . rubro - coerulea , violacea , pharbitis rubro - caerulea , p . tricolor ]

bot . three - colored morning glory [ am . ] [ ipomoea tricolor , syn . : i . rubro - coerulea , violacea , pharbitis rubro - caerulea , p . tricolor ]

zool . rickett ' s big - footed myotis [ myotis pilosus , syn . : myotis ricketti , vespertilio ricketti ]

zool . northern myotis [ myotis septentrionalis , syn . : myotis keenii septentrionalis , vespertilio gryphus septentrionalis ]

bot . silver ( tree ) fern [ cyathea dealbata , syn . : alsophila tricolor ]

bot . silver treefern / tree fern [ cyathea dealbata , syn . : alsophila tricolor ]

bot . kaponga [ nz ] [ cyathea dealbata , syn . : alsophila tricolor ] [ silver tree fern ]

bot . ponga [ nz ] [ cyathea dealbata , syn . : alsophila tricolor ] [ silver tree fern ]

zool . bechstein ' s myotis [ myotis bechsteinii , syn . : m . bechsteini , vespertilio bechsteinii ]

zool . brandt ' s myotis [ myotis brandtii , syn . : m . brandti , vespertilio brandtii ]

zool . david ' s myotis [ myotis davidii , syn . : vespertilio davidii ]

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dieses deutsch - englisch - wörterbuch basiert auf der idee der freien weitergabe von wissen . mehr informationen ! enthält übersetzungen von der tu chemnitz sowie aus mr honey ' s business dictionary ( englisch / deutsch ) . vielen dank dafür ! links auf dieses wörterbuch oder einzelne übersetzungen sind herzlich willkommen ! fragen und antworten

english - german online dictionary developed to help you share your knowledge with others . more information ! contains translations by tu chemnitz and mr honey ' s business dictionary ( german - english ) . thanks on that account ! links to this dictionary or to single translations are very welcome ! questions and answers

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species can be found everywhere in namibia from the orange river into the namib desert ( including sossusvlei ) , the kalahari desert , etosha national park and as far north as the zambezi region ( formerly the caprivi strip ) .

bats are amazing animals . they can see , they ' re harmless , nocturnal and are the only mammals that can truly fly . other types of mammals , such as flying lemurs , sugar gliders ( marsupials commonly found in australia ) and flying squirrels , glide . african bats are not vampires nor do they transmit parasites to human beings .

depending on the species , bats can be grey , brown , white or reddish brown .

bats sleep upside down . they use their feet to grasp onto a twig or board , and when it is cold , they hang close together .

so off he would go in the batmobile and more often that not , a battle of wits would ensue in a contest with his ' most implacable foe ' - ' the joker ' - who represents everything batman opposes . the batman stories have been told in many forms over the years . to this day the master sleuth and scientist remains a popular rival to superman - who of course wears his underpants over his tights !

a privately owned game farm , with a good variety of wildlife just a short distance south of windhoek .

this lodge is very popular amongst those seeking leopard and cheetah viewing close to windhoek . regular feedings guarantee great sightings and photographic opportunities

opposite the windhoek international airport , close enough to be extremely convenient but far enough away that planes are not a distraction . great for those arriving late or leaving early , as cuts out the 45km drive from windhoek /

one of namibia ' s most popular spas with the added bonus of top game viewing .

for full functionality of researchgate it is necessary to enable javascript . here are the instructions how to enable javascript in your web browser .

been augmented periodically ever since . the present paper follows vernon ( 1972 ) and grindley et al .

representation of some species and rainfall , either its amount per annum or its seasonality . variation

suggests that mean size in this species may be influenced by rainfall seasonality . although the vlei rat ,

owls are more nearly opportunistic while in others they appear to be considerably more selective .

africa to attract the attention of european naturalists . unfortunately , few of the rec

some 70 years later the first systematic collections were made in southern africa by c . b .

( shortridge and carter 1938 ; shortridge 1942 ) . during the last 40 years publication has

african national parks staff or concerning reserves administered by these bodies ( e . g . de

hoog 1967 ; robinson 1976 ; stuart and braack 1978 ; stuart et al . 1978 ; lawson 1982 ; de

graaff and rautenbach 1983 ; avery et al . 1990 ) . apart from the preliminary distri

river near mossel bay and grindley et al . ( 1973 ) reported collections from

of the samples discussed here in other contexts ( e . g . avery 1977 , 1982 , 1992 , 1999 ; avery

three areas regular collections were made over a period of years . these latter are the west

potberg ) and vrolijkheid nature reserve . in cases where regular collections were made , the

identification methods is given in avery et al . ( 2002 ) . the nomenclature of bronner et al .

examined for evidence of changes in population structure . estimates of age at death were

on discrete changes in the pattern of the teeth as wear progresses ( e . g . hanney 1963 ) . in

surface and maximum length of tooth was calculated as a proportion of the latter . the

observed range in this occlusal index has been found to be between 0 . 50

( neo - natal ) animals to zero in old animals ( avery 1984 ) . the age of the old animals

taken as 24 months ) . this function was employed to accommodate the fact that occlusal

length does not increase at a steady rate throughout life . ages were estimated to the nearest

in 3318da ( philadelphia ) and 9945 in 3318aa ( west coast national park ) . in all , 56

mandibles and maxillae , number of mandibles and maxillae measured ; map , mean annual precipitation . % win ,

andriesgrond ; bbs , blombos ; kfn , kraaifontein ; stb , stellenbosch airfield .

represented ( total ) and is dominant ( dom . ) , with the range of percentage representation of the dominant species

animals ( classes 5–8 ) are not well represented at any time of the year . when estimat

born in a given month varied between 4 . 3 % in june and 11 . 3 %

present data add to what was previously known . however , stuart and lloyd’s ( 1978 )

squares . white circles indicate dominance in squares yielding remains of at least 100 individuals .

seen ; it is also readily identifiable because of the stripes along its back .

( friedmann and daly 2004 ; venturi et al . 2004 ) although it is not

in the de hoop nature reserve ( 3420ad ) . present data confirm that the species has

7 ) , is apparently affected by rainfall seasonality rather than by amount . its

mm , no more than about 65 % of which falls in winter . this reflects the fact that these

and climate variables in the de hoop nature reserve ( geelbek and bottelary ) . ( a ) same - season rainfall and

mean annual precipitation increasing from left to right . sfn and sfs , steenbokfontein north and south

breeding is offset by a month or more from rainfall . according to the pres

can re - grow . conversely , the low proportion of births in june at geelbek could reflect

rainfall in late summer . it is probably less likely that night - time temperatures are sufficien

be expected in the unpredictable climate of the north - west coast . it would appear therefore

rainfall , diversity is also relatively low despite quite high numbers of species . in this case the

equable climate of the area . there are , however , extensive reed - beds round a series of lakes ,

which are likely to be favoured hunting grounds for the owls . in this case , therefore , it is not

pellets from the west coast national park ( avery 1992 ) . at the time this was

taken as evidence that the species concerned inhabited the same or nearby microhabitats . it

species in a single pellet than are the larger species . however , the commonly co - occurri

among the dense reed beds and thick grass . in this case the quite high numbers of

principal co - occurrence among 10 best represented species at four sites in different parts of the province .

each sample has a dominant species ( dom sp . ) representing approximately one - fifth to one - quarter of the sample

( % dom sp . ) . the sample size is the number of micromammalian prey individuals in each sample .

possible , as more samples are studied , to confirm or modify conclusions reached so far .

mr r . k . brooke , and ms a . scott and co - workers at the

l . avenant , national museum bloemfontein , and dr g . malan , tshwane university of

technology , offered useful comments on a previous draft . the ongoing project of which

willem pretorius nature reserve , free state , south africa . south african journal of wildlife research

the korannaberg conservancy . in : singleton gr hinds la krebs cj spratt dm , editors . rats , mice &

province , south africa : new information . annals of the south african museum 74 : 201–209 .

avery dm , avery g , colahan bd . 2003 . micromammal distribution in the free state , south africa : barn owl

avery dm , avery g , roberts a . 2002 . a contribution from barn owl pellets to

distributions in kwazulu - natal , south africa . african zoology 37 : 131–140 .

avery dm , rautenbach il , randall rm . 1990 . an annotated checklist of the land mammal fauna of the west

bronner gn , hoffmann m , taylor pj , chimimba ct , best pb , matthee ca , robinson tj . 2003 . a revised

systematic checklist of the extant mammals of the southern african subregion . durban museum novitates

davis dhs . 1974 . the distribution of some small southern african mammals ( mammalia : insectivora , rodentia ) .

davis rm , meester j . 1981 . reproduction and postnatal development in the vlei rat ,

de graaff g . 1981 . the rodents of southern africa . durban : butterworths .

de graaff g , rautenbach il . 1983 . a survey of mammals in the newly proclaimed karoo national park , south

friedmann y , daly b editors . 2004 . red data book of the mammals of south africa : a conservation assessment .

ascertaining population dynamics of rodent prey . annals and magazine of natural history ( series 13 )

. in : mills g , hes l , editors . the complete book of southern african

longland ws . 1985 . comments on preparing owl pellets by boiling in naoh . bird - banding 56 : 277 .

lynch cd . 1983 . the mammals of the orange free state . memoirs of the national museum bloemfontein

meester j , lambrechts a von w . 1971 . the southern african species of

meester jaj , lloyd cnv , rowe - rowe dt . 1979 . a note on the ecological role of

meester jaj , rautenbach il , dippenaar nj , baker cm . 1986 . classification of southern african mammals .

musser gg , carleton md . 1993 . family muridae . in : wilson de , reeder dm , editors . mammal species of the

rautenbach il . 1982 . the mammals of the transvaal . pretoria : ecoplan .

robinson ga . 1976 . notes on mammals encountered in the tsitsikama national parks . koedoe 19 : 145–152 .

rookmaker lc . 1989 . the zoological exploration of southern africa 1650–1790 . rotterdam : balkema .

shortridge gc , carter d . 1938 . a new genus and new species and subspecies of mammals from little

skinner jh , smithers rhn . 1990 . the mammals of the southern african subregion . 2nd ed . pretoria : university

smuts j . 1832 . dissertation zoologica , ennumerationem mammalium capensium . leiden : cyfveer .

stuart ct , braack hh . 1978 . preliminary notes on the mammals of the bontebok national park . koedoe

thomas o , schwann h . 1906 . the rudd exploration of south africa . iv . list of mammals obtained by mr

at knysna . proceedings of the zoological society of london 1906 ( i ) : 159–168 .

velleman pf . 1988 . datadesk 6 . 0 statistics guide . ithaca ( ny ) : data description .

venturi fp , chimimba ct , van aarde rj , fairall n . 2004 . the distribution of two medically and agriculturally

vernon cj . 1972 . an analysis of owl pellets collected in southern africa . ostrich 43 : 109–124 .

. . . as they are nocturnal , they are often preyed on by barn owls ( tyto alba ) as documented in studies analysing owl pellets ( avenant 2005 ; avery et al . 2005 ) . they live in burrows or crevices ( de graaf 1981 ; armstrong & van hensbergen 1996b ) , and can also swim ( hickman & machiné 1986 ) . . . .

. . . ecosystem and cultural services : they have been recorded as a forage species for owls ( dean 1978 ; avery et al . 2002avery et al . , 2003 avery et al . , 2005 ; avery & avery 2011 ) . previously they were considered susceptible to plague which occurs sporadically in free - living populations but the national institute for communicable diseases ( 2005 ) did not list them as plague - carrier . . . .

a conservation assessment of mystromys albicaudatus . the 2016 red list of mammals of south africa , swaziland and lesotho .

. . . micromammals are suitable as palaeoenvironmental in - dicators due to their limited territorial ranges , precise ecological requirements and their role as primary consumers in the food chain . analyses of modern micromammal samples have demonstrated close correlation between relative abundance of species and composition of vegetation substrate in the vicinity of sample sites ( andrews , 1990 ; reed , 2003reed , , 2005 avery et al . , 2005 ) . local alterations in vegetation substrate and climatic conditions may thus be reflected in presence / absence and / or variations in proportions of micromammal species in an archaeological assem - blage . . . .

. . . reed ( 2005 ) and matthews ( 2008 ) found similar ranges of micromammal species when comparing modern spotted eagle owl and african barn owl pellets . both species are claimed to be nocturnal ( andrews , 1990 ) , however modern pellet samples show that they hunt species such as otomyinae ( diurnal ) and r . pumilio ( crepuscular ) ( avery et al . , 2005 ; matthews , 2008 ; matthews et al . , 2011 ) . certain micromammal taxa are found in relatively high frequencies in spotted eagle owl and african barn owl pellets . . . .

. . . certain micromammal taxa are found in relatively high frequencies in spotted eagle owl and african barn owl pellets . species typical for the south coast are otomyinae , gerbillinae and soricids ( avery et al . , 2005 ; matthews , 2008 ; matthews et al . , 2011 ) . . . .

. . . the interaction between the southern hemisphere tropical and temperate climate systems are the main cause of the current rainfall pattern in southern africa [ 35 ] . bbc is situated in an intermediate gradient rainfall zone ( yrz ) , characterized by aseasonal rainfall with 54 % precipitation during the winter half year [ 36 ] ( fig 1 ) . to the west of this region is a winter rainfall zone ( wrz ) where more than 60 % of precipitation occurs during the winter months . . . .


paziella pazi , common name : paz 's murex , is a species of sea snail , a marine gastropod mollusk in the family muricidae , the murex snails or rock snails .

paziella pazi

paziella pazi <EOT> you selected poirieria ( paziella ) pazi ( crosse , 1869 ) . this is a synonym for :

specimen shell : paziella pazi each seashell we have have been carefully picked to ensure the highest seashells quality . these shells come from all over the philippines , provided by fishermen ( usa - florida , dry tortugas ) , divers , muricidae specimen shell : paziella pazi crosse , 1869

sea shell information on : ts135436 - muricidae paziella - > pazi . this specimen is of muricidae . the specimen shell of groupe : paziella . shell found on the philippines . shell is of exceptional quality . more sea shell information

( of paziella ( paziella ) pazi ( crosse , 1869 ) ) merle d . , garrigues b . & pointier j . - p . ( 2011 ) fossil and recent muricidae of the world . part muricinae . hackenheim : conchbooks . 648 pp . page ( s ) : 164 [ details ]

rosenberg , g . ; moretzsohn , f . ; garcía , e . f . ( 2009 ) . gastropoda ( mollusca ) of the gulf of mexico , pp . 579–699 in : felder , d . l . and d . k . camp ( eds . ) , gulf of mexico–origins , waters , and biota . texas a & m ; press , college station , texas . , available online at urltoken [ details ]

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version 43 . 0 went live 11 / 6 / 2018 - i hope that the majority of issues have been fixed . my email address is on the home page if you see anything wrong .

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urn : lsid : catalogueoflife . org : taxon : 322c1faa - 4e2c - 11e8 - 9ed0 - fa163e792e6e : col20180626

urn : lsid : catalogueoflife . org : taxon : 322fc869 - 4e2c - 11e8 - 9ed0 - fa163e792e6e : col20180626

urn : lsid : catalogueoflife . org : taxon : 322fc9b6 - 4e2c - 11e8 - 9ed0 - fa163e792e6e : col20180626

urn : lsid : catalogueoflife . org : taxon : 32336b46 - 4e2c - 11e8 - 9ed0 - fa163e792e6e : col20180626

urn : lsid : catalogueoflife . org : taxon : 3282cec0 - 4e2c - 11e8 - 9ed0 - fa163e792e6e : col20180626

urn : lsid : catalogueoflife . org : taxon : 3282d04a - 4e2c - 11e8 - 9ed0 - fa163e792e6e : col20180626

urn : lsid : catalogueoflife . org : taxon : 3682cceb - 4e2c - 11e8 - 9ed0 - fa163e792e6e : col20180626

bieler r . bouchet p . dijkstra h . faber m . finn j . garcia - alvarez o . gofas s . la perna r . marshall b . moretzsohn f . neubauer t . a . rosenberg g . sartori a . f . schneider s . taylor j . ter poorten j . j . & vos c . ( eds ) . ( 2018 ) . worms mollusca : molluscabase ( version 2018 - 06 - 06 ) . in : roskov y . , abucay l . , orrell t . , nicolson d . , bailly n . , kirk p . m . , bourgoin t . , dewalt r . e . , decock w . , de wever a . , nieukerken e . van , zarucchi j . , penev l . , eds . ( 2018 ) . species 2000 & itis catalogue of life , 30th june 2018 . digital resource at urltoken species 2000 : naturalis , leiden , the netherlands . issn 2405 - 8858 .

urn : lsid : catalogueoflife . org : taxon : 129829cd - 6387 - 11e8 - 9ed0 - fa163e792e6e : col20180626

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description : f + , rare today ! found in 1960 ` s by j . r . black

- note : several protected species are illustrated here only for identification purposes . they are not for sale . - the photos in our gallery are in most cases just a sample from our stock , except when only one specimen is offered . we try to match the original color but it can vary if your screen is not correctly adjusted ( gamma correction ) .

eol content is automatically assembled from many different content providers . as a result , from time to time you may find pages on eol that are confusing .

to request an improvement , please leave a comment on the page . thank you !

shells for sale , shells online « shells for sale , conchology , inc .

the star system calculates the number of pieces that were handled by conchology , inc . in the last 15 years :

we want to point out that the star system is only very reliable for philippine shells only , as we handle very few foreign shells in general . as time goes , the system will become more and more performant .

enter your email address and we will send you an email with your username and password .

e - mail jecilia sisican if you do not receive your email with your username and password .

click on an image to view all the information : family , species , author , date , and full locality .

© 1996 - 2018 guido t . poppe & philippe poppe - conchology , inc . ( 1 . 008 seconds . )

how to buy ? if you want to buy an item , click the " buy now " button on this page . once you ' ve pressed the " buy now " item , you will be forwarded to a fill - up form page . after filling up the form and when you submit your order , the item will be reserved for you automatically after a few hours .

terms of payment / shipping all prices are in us dollars and the shipment cost is not include . all orders will be confirmed by e - mail with the cost of shells and postage included . the parcel will be sent via registered air mail at the cost price following receipt of payment .

» species poirieria ( poirieria ) syrinx b . a . marshall & houart , 1995 represented as poirieria syrinx b . a . marshall & houart , 1995

subgenus poirieria ( panamurex ) woodring , 1959 accepted as calotrophon ( panamurex ) woodring , 1959 represented as calotrophon hertlein & a . m . strong , 1951

subgenus poirieria ( pazinotus ) accepted as pazinotus e . h . vokes , 1970

species poirieria azami kuroda , 1929 accepted as murexsul multispinosus ( g . b . sowerby iii , 1904 ) ( synonym )

jousseaume , f . p . ( 1880 ) . division méthodique de la famille des purpuridés . le naturaliste . 2 ( 42 ) : 335 - 338 . , available online at urltoken page ( s ) : 335 [ details ]

gofas , s . ; le renard , j . ; bouchet , p . ( 2001 ) . mollusca . in : costello , m . j . et al . ( eds ) , european register of marine species : a check - list of the marine species in europe and a bibliography of guides to their identification . patrimoines naturels . 50 : 180 - 213 . ( look up in imis ) [ details ]

barco , a . ; marshall , b . ; houart , r . ; oliverio , m . ( 2015 ) . molecular phylogenetics of haustrinae and pagodulinae ( neogastropoda : muricidae ) with a focus on new zealand species . journal of molluscan studies . 81 ( 4 ) : 476 - 488 . , available online at urltoken [ details ]

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tulane university journal publishing is an open access , peer - reviewed journal publishing service which provides a web - based platform for scholarly and academic publishing to the tulane community .

tulane studies in geology and paleontology was devoted primarily to the geology and paleontology of the coasts and adjacent land areas of the gulf of mexico and the caribbean sea . each number

the journal was published between 1962 and 1997 . this is a collection of the entire run of the journal .

for all scientific names see vol . 10 , no . 4 ( taxonomic index to vol . 1 - 10 ) ; vol . 20 , no . 4 ( taxonomic index to vol . 11 to 20 ) ; vol . 30 , no . 4 ( taxonomic index to vol . 21 to 30 ) .

the past half century has seen dramatic changes in the world of scientific publishing ; changes that will continue in the next few decades . the newest generations of ( geo ) scientists have come of age in an environment where the research literature is almost entirely accessed online and visits to physical library collections are becoming increasingly rare . on one hand , these developments have led to the proliferation of new journals , most of which only exist online , and many of the latest additions are open - access journals . on the other hand , several older publication venues have come to a close .

it is now 20 years ago that the last issue of tulane studies in geology and paleontology ( initially known as tulane studies in geology ) appeared . coincidental or not , 1997 was right around the time that scientific publishing rapidly migrated to the internet . initiated in 1962 , tsgp has published more than 5000 pages of peer - reviewed research , in many cases by faculty members and graduate students in tulane’s department of geology . series like tsgp proliferated for many years , in part based on the extensive exchange schemes that existed between academic libraries . editing was carefully done in house , constituting a major time commitment for the faculty members who served as editors . even though the series was discontinued a while ago , the research published in tsgp has had a lasting impact . it continues to be cited on a regular basis and typically accrues 20 to 30 citations annually according to the web of science .

the tulane undergraduate research journal is a peer - reviewed research journal publishing articles from multiple academic fields . our goal is to unite the best undergraduate research from the tulane community and represent all academic fields producing a spectrum of high - quality and diverse work .

an online undergraduate journal featuring case studies authored by the newcomb scholars , an elite cohort of undergraduate women at tulane university .

the journal of community health promotion and research , sponsored by the tulane prevention research center ( prc ) , was planned to share information about public health work and disease - prevention programs focusing on the physical and social environment in the new orleans area .

the mission of the tulane prc is to address the physical and social environmental factors influencing the obesity epidemic and its behavioral determinants ( physical activity and diet ) through participatory research on these factors and ways to modify them ; collaboration with community partners and policy - makers ; communication about these factors with public health practitioners , policy - makers , and community partners ; and training of public health professionals , paraprofessionals , and community members .

the tulane journal of international affairs is a newly formed undergraduate research journal at tulane university . publishing once a year , the journal promotes outstanding undergraduate work relating to its three sections : international security , international political economy , and human rights .

second line is a peer - edited journal at tulane university committed to the publication of original and intellectual undergraduate scholarship that engages in the various aspects of literary conversation .

the tulane review is a literary and art journal published by the tulane literary society twice a year . submissions are judged by review boards in an anonymous selection process and final choices are made by the editors . for submission information , consult the submissionguidelines here : urltoken

tulane studies in zoology and botany is published by the tulane museum of natural history . and is issued irregularly . manuscripts dealing with all aspects of ecology , evolution , and systematics are encouraged . all manuscripts are reviewed .

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