the ussuri brown bear ( ursus arctos lasiotus ) , also known as the black grizzly is a population of the brown bear .

one of the largest brown bears , ussuri brown bears approach the kodiak brown bear in size .

ussuri brown bear

ussuri brown bear <EOT> an alaskan brown bear , a relative of the ussuri brown bears of japan .

ursus arctos lasiotus —amur brown bear ( or " ussuri brown bear , " " black grizzly , " or " horse bear " ) , russia : southern kuril islands , sakhalin , maritime territory , and the ussuri / amur river region south of the stanovoy range . china : northeastern heilongjiang . japan : hokkaidō

a statue of kesagake , the brown bear responsible for the worst bear attacks in japanese history .

image caption : ussuri brown bear ( ursus arctos lasiotus ) in the beijing zoo . credit : jz85 / wikipedia ( cc by - sa 3 . 0 )

giant panda cubs have also been reportedly eaten by brown bears ( brown 1993 ) .

shadow of the bear ( sotb ) . n . d . brown bear reproduction . shadow of the bear . retrieved december 28 , 2008 .

there is only one brown bear species , but there are many subspecies . depending on where they live brown bears are also known as the alaskan , grizzly , european , syrian , and kodiak brown bear .

the ussuri brown bear , sometimes called the black grizzly , can be found in many regions including the korean peninsula , kunashiri islands , northeastern china , sakhalin , and the shantar islands , among other places . it is a subspecies of the brown bear . the usurri brown bear is thought to be an ancestor of the north american brown bear , and may have traveled to its current locations from alaska 13 , 000 years ago .

the brown bear ( ursus arctos ) is a large bear distributed across much of northern eurasia and north america and is the largest terrestrial carnivoran . there are several recognized subspecies within the brown bear species .

reconstruction of a brown bear confronting a wolf pack by adolph murie ( 1944 ) .

the brown bear is a european protected species , given protection throughout the european union .

figure 33 . the den of a large male brown bear ( " sidun " ) .

who was zergthe replying to ? snow leopard ? nice thread . i want to learn about evolution of brown bear and cave bear .

a memorial for the sankebetsu brown bear incident . author : さえぼー . cc by 4 . 0

there has been a recent increase in interactions between brown bears and polar bears . brown bears have been seen moving increasingly northward into territories formerly claimed by polar bears . brown bears tend to dominate polar bears in disputes over carcasses , and dead polar bear cubs have been found in brown bear dens ( dye 2005 ) .

a brown bear cub’s life is dangerous . there are many animals that don’t mind eating bear cubs and male adult bears are one of them !

in north america , two ecotypes of the single species ursus arctos horribilis are generally recognized—the coastal brown bear and the inland grizzly ; these two types broadly define the range of sizes of all brown bear subspecies .

the ussuri brown bear has attacked humans before , and the attacks are well documented . in the sankebetsu brown bear incident , occurring in sankei in the sankebetsu district in december of 1915 , seven people were killed . the eight hundred and thirty - seven pound bear attacked twice , killing the second set of victims during the prefuneral vigil being held for the first victims . this incident is thought to be the cause of the bear’s man eating image . during the first fifty - seven years of the 20th century , the ussuri bear injured three hundred people , and one hundred and forty - one were killed .

and on another a brown bear boldy slept in the same den with a male tiger . your point ?

brown , g . 1996 . great bear almanac . new york : lyons & burford . isbn 1558212108 .

the incident began when kesagake , a huge ussuri brown bear , appeared near the ikeda homestead , in mid november , and spooked the family horse . when the bear reappeared , the ikeda men went after it and managed to wound it with gunfire . thinking the bear would now fear humans , they decided not to track it further .

less than one year before a shark terrorized america , a bear brought down a reign of terror on northern japan . it was december of 1915 , and bear sightings among the rural villages were common at the time . the ussuri brown bear , cousin of the grizzly , typically left humans alone , only occasionally breaking into village food stores .

the brown bear is one of the largest bear species . it ranges in color from dark to reddish brown to cream toned . they resemble but are generally larger than the black bear . they have longer claws for their different feeding habits and a stronger body mass .

brown bears have fur in shades of brown , black , tan or blond , or a combination of those colors . the longer outer guard hairs of the brown bear are often tipped with white or silver , giving a " grizzled " appearance .

when you see a bear , talk to it . let the bear know you are human .

in europe , the brown bear shared its habitat with other predators such as the cave lion , cave hyena , and the larger , closely related cave bear , which the brown bear ultimately outlasted . the cave bear was hunted by neanderthals who may have had a religion relating to this bear , the cave bear cult . however , the neanderthal population was too small for their consumption of cave bear to result in the species ' extinction , and the cave bear outlasted the neanderthals by 18 , 000 years , becoming extinct about 10 , 000 years ago . the cave bear and brown bear diets were similar , and the two species probably lived in the same area at the same time . why the cave bear died out is not known .

i believe that tiger vs brown bear at parity is 50 / 50 , maybe a slight edge to the feline due its jaws . i ' m merely correcting your false assumptions on the historical data of tiger vs brown bear conflicts .

ursus arctos collaris —siberian brown bear ; siberia ( except for the habitat of the kamchatka and amur brown bears . ) also in northern mongolia , far northern xinjiang , and extreme eastern kazakhstan .

there are several recognized subspecies within the brown bear species . in north america , two types of the subspecies ursus arctos horribilis are generally recognized—the coastal brown bear and the inland grizzly bear ; these two types broadly define the range of sizes of all brown bear subspecies . an adult grizzly living inland in yukon may weigh as little as 80 kg ( 180 lb ) , while an adult coastal brown bear in nearby coastal alaska living on a steady , nutritious diet of spawning salmon may weigh as much as 680 kg ( 1 , 500 lb ) . the exact number of overall brown subspecies remains in debate .

on one occasion a brown bear was even observed running from tiger tracks ( which isn ' t even the tiger itself ) .

the brown bear has existed in north america since at least the most recent ice age , though it is thought that the larger , taller , and stronger giant short - faced bear , or bulldog bear , was the dominant carnivore at the time . the giant short - faced bear was a tall , thin animal adapted to eating large mammals , whereas the grizzly or brown bear has teeth appropriate for its omnivorous diet .

brown bears usually dominate other bear species in areas where they coexist . due to their smaller size , american black bears are at a competitive disadvantage over brown bears in open , non - forested areas . although displacement of black bears by brown bears has been documented , actual interspecific killing of black bears by brown bears has only occasionally been reported . the black bear ' s habit of living in heavily forested areas as opposed to the brown bear ' s preference for open spaces usually ensures that the two species avoid confrontations in areas where they are sympatric .

russian hunting agency ( rha ) . 2007 . brown bear hunting in russia . russian hunting agency . retrieved december 28 , 2008 .

as winter approaches the mother brown bear ( a sow ) will prepare her den . she will enter the den while pregnant and begin hibernation . while hibernating she will give birth to brown bear cubs between winter and early spring . in some warmer habitats hibernation may not occur .

there are very few reports of brown bears killing adult male tigers . still , usually brown bears are larger than tigers . hence , brown bears killing tigers isn ' t anywhere near as impressive as the reverse , where the feline is usually smaller .

description : smaller than kamchatka brown bears ( u . a . beringianus ) but larger than eurasian brown bears ( u . a . arctos ) with long and dense fur , usually dark but varies from pale brown through cinnamon to dark brown . some bears ( the upper yenisei river population ) have white collars , hence their latin name .

brown bears can be recognized by their most distinctive feature , their shoulder hump . super strong shoulder muscles help this bear to dig up roots and tear apart logs to find food . these muscles are located in the ‘hump’ of the brown bear . brown bears can move rocks and logs and dig through hard soil and rocky ground using their long sharp claws when making their dens .

reports of ussuri brown bears hunting siberian tigers have been reported . these incidents occur because of disputes over prey or territory . some bears will change their course if they smell a tiger has passed , while others will follow the tiger’s trail and even sleep in its den . it has even been reported that some ussuri bears have followed tigers in order to eat the leftovers from its kills . scientists have dubbed these bears “satellite bears” because of this frequent behavior .

in canada , the brown bear is listed as vulnerable in alberta , british columbia , northwest territories , and yukon territory . prairie populations of grizzly bear are listed as extirpated in alberta , manitoba , and saskatchewan .

their fur can be brown or black , but also yellowish . they are extremely powerful .

the forearms of brown bears end in massive paws with claws up to 15 centimeters ( 6 inches ) in length , which are mainly used for digging . brown bear claws are not retractable , and have relatively blunt points . like all bears , brown bears are plantigrades and can stand up on their hind legs for extended periods of time .

a re - creation of a pioneer cottage in hokkaido , located at the sankebetsu brown bear incident reconstruction location . author : タクナワン . cc by 3 . 0

this bear has many similarities to the kamchatka brown bear , but its differences include a slightly darker color , a longer skull , cheekbones that are not as separated , and a lower forehead . the skulls of adult males can reach a width of 9 . 2 inches and a length of up to 15 . 2 inches . the ussuri brown bear can differ in size depending on its location ; bears in the southern regions of injeba’k mountain can weigh up to five hundred and fifty - one pounds , while the bears found north of the mountain can weigh up to 1 , 322 pounds .

there are many methods used by scientists to define bear species and subspecies as no one method is always effective . genetic testing is now perhaps the most important way to scientifically define brown bear relationships and names . generally genetic testing uses the word clade rather than species because a genetic test alone cannot define a biological species . most genetic studies report on how closely related the bears are ( or their genetic distance ) . there are hundreds of obsolete brown bear subspecies , each with its own name , and this can become confusing ; hall ( 1981 ) lists 86 different types . the exact number of overall brown subspecies and its precise relationship to the polar bear remains in debate . the polar bear is a recent offshoot of the brown bear , having diverged approximately 400 , 000 years ago .

bear facts ( bf ) . n . d . types of bears in the yukon . bear facts . retrieved december 28 , 2008 .

when attempting to steal a kill , one tigress was able to severely injure an adult brown bear ( who was probably close to twice her weight ) before going down .

it all began on a mid - november morning when the brown bear appeared on the doorstep of the ikeda family . this first encounter with the bear was scary but essentially harmless , as the bear took some corn and left shortly afterward . although it was too early for a bear to wake up , meetings with wild animals weren’t uncommon in the area since it was a freshly settled community .

range : eastern siberia from the river yenisei to the altai mountains . also found in northern mongolia , far northern xinjiang in china , and in extreme eastern kazakhstan . not present in the habitat areas of the kamchatka ( u . a . beringianus ) and ussuri or amur ( u . a . lasiotus ) brown bears .

the recent killings have revived memories of japan’s deadliest bear attacks – known collectively as the sankebetsu incident - in which an 8 . 85 ft brown bear weighing 749 lb killed seven villagers and injured three others on the northern island of hokkaido in 1915 .

the brown bear ' s principal range includes parts of russia , india , china , canada , the united states ( mostly alaska ) , scandinavia and the carpathian region ( especially romania ) , anatolia , and caucasus . the brown bear is recognized as a national and state animal in several european countries . it is the most widely distributed of all bears .

grizzly bear has brown fur , but hairs on the shoulders and back have white tops which give them " grizzled " look . that is why they are known as grizzly bears .

brown bears live in north america , asia , and europe . in north america their appearance and fur color varies depending on facts such as habitat , diet , season , etc . the state of alaska contains 70 percent of the brown bear population in north america according to conservation records .

hibernation : duration depends on habitat . generally october through march . hibernating brown bears can awaken if necessary .

the brown bear is a massive animal , weighing between 100 and 700 kilograms ( 220 - 1 , 500 pounds ) and its larger populations , such as the kodiak bear , match the polar bear as the largest extant land carnivores . while the brown bear ' s range has shrunk , and it has faced local extinctions , it remains listed as a least concern species with a total population of approximately 200 , 000 . its principal range countries are russia , the united states ( especially alaska ) , canada , and finland .

relocation has been used to separate the bear from the human environment , but it does not address the problem bear ' s newly learned humans - as - food - source behavior . nor does it address the environmental situations which created the human habituated bear . and attracting multiple bears to an area can lead to competition , social conflict , and bear - on - bear injuries and death .

black ice , ursus never disproved my argument in regards to the tigress vs large brown bear , the fact remains the bear got severe wounds as a result of the tussle with the tigress , what was being shown by ursus is that felines can defend themselves quite well , even when faced with larger opponents ; the leopard vs lionesses being his counter example . the fight that the tigress put up against the large brown bear was quite impressive , nonetheless .

brown bears generally avoid alpha siberian tigers at all costs . even when in conflict with females , bears need to be careful . when attempting to steal a kill , one tigress was able to severely injure an adult brown bear ( who was probably close to twice her weight ) before going down .

brown bears engage in infanticide ( bellemain et al . 2006 ) . an adult male bear may kill the cubs of another bear either to make the female sexually receptive or simply for consumption . cubs will flee up a tree when they sight a strange male bear and the mother will defend them even though the male may be twice her size .

one such event occurred in sankebetsu , japan , between december 9 and 14 , 1915 , when a brown bear awoke early from hibernation and proceeded to terrorize the local population for five days .

" even if bicep strength is the same . the bear is still stronger .

the videos are split into bear species to further encourage independent reading and learning .

about 130 species of land mammal occur in japan . the largest are the ussuri brown bear of hokkaidō and the asian black bear in the mountainous areas of honshū , kyūshū and shikoku . smaller carnivores include the red fox , raccoon dog and japanese marten . the leopard cat occurs on tsushima island while the iriomote cat is unique to the eponymous island . grazing mammals include the sika deer , japanese serow and wild boar . among japan ' s most famous mammals is the japanese macaque , the world ' s most northerly monkey .

yet on the shiretoko peninsula of hokkaido , japan – an area recognised for having one of the planet’s most densely packed brown bear populations – bears are no longer feared by the people living there .

brown bears have powerful arms and legs with sharp claws . they will fight any animal that tries to attack them .

there is little agreement on the classification of brown bears because there are so many ways to name and group them .

both the cave bear and the brown bear are thought to be descended from the plio - pleistocene etruscan bear ( ursus etruscus ) that lived about 5 . 3 mya to 10 , 000 years ago . the last common ancestor of cave bears and brown bears lived between 1 . 2 and 1 . 4 mya . the immediate precursor of the cave bear was probably ursus deningeri ( deninger ' s bear ) , a species restricted to pleistocene europe about 1 . 8 mya to 100 , 000 years ago . the transition between deninger ' s bear and the cave bear is given as the last interglacial , although the boundary between these forms is arbitrary , and intermediate or transitional taxa have been proposed , e . g . ursus spelaeus deningeroides , while other authorities consider both taxa to be chronological variants of the same species .

the topic is " ussuri brown bear vs siberian tiger " , right ? so , evidence , real evidence from the siberian tiger project ( monograph of 2005 , in russian ) prove that tigers win most of the fights , so 2 + 2 = 4 , no ? the tiger will normally win in those encounters , even better , the only fight recorded among two full grow adult males resulted in the victory of the tiger ( mazák , 1983 ) .

there is not a single case of a bear killing a full grow male tiger .

but few people have heard the unsettling tale of the sankebetsu bear attack of japan .

while the black bear is found only throughout north and central america , the brown bear family is spread all over the world . they live in dense forests in mountains , valleys and meadows and can be found in canada , in central regions of the u . s . and throughout europe and asia .

please cut the childish crap . i ncan read . your source didn ' t prove anything except tigers kill brown bears through hunts , even then 2 lone accounts don ' t help your general case . i posted a couple accounts of brown bear killing male tigers on cf and i ' ll post them again soon as i find them .

figure 31 . an above - ground den of a female himalayan bear with her cub .

the mexican grizzly bear is listed as an endangered species , but it may be extinct .

this bear book for kids mixes facts , photos and even includes a video clip section .

the cave bear ( ursus spelaeus ) was a species of bear that lived in europe during the pleistocene and became extinct about 24 , 000 years ago during the last glacial maximum .

it was a cold winter in sankebetsu rokusen sawa , which is some 18 miles inland from the west coast of hokkaido island . the year was 1915 , and the world was at war . but in japan , besides fighting imperial germany , the inhabitants of sankebetsu rokusen sawa had a different kind of enemy : a huge ussuri brown bear . the bear had woken early from its hibernation . hungry and looking for food , it began a killing spree that would devastate many lives . due to the meticulous japanese records kept since that time , almost all the details of the events are known today .

original file name : ours _ brun _ parcanimalierpyrenees _ 1 european brown bear ( ursus arctos arctos ) . jpg resolution : 800x600 file size : 325663 bytes upload time : 2007 : 08 : 20 16 : 07 : 50

north american brown bears seem to prefer open landscapes , whereas in eurasia they inhabit mostly dense forests . it is thought that the eurasian bears that colonized america were tundra adapted , something indicated by brown bears in the chukotka peninsula on the asian side of bering strait , which are the only asian brown bears to live year - round in lowland tundra like their american cousins ( rha 2007 ) .

if the bear makes contact , surrender ! now you know what that white piece of cloth is for . take it out , wave it , and hope that the bear acknowledges your surrender .

source on bear attacks in japan : the associated press tokyo dated 21 . 10 . 2010 .

people in northern japan have been warned to stay away from mountain forests after four people were killed in a spate of bear attacks , amid a dramatic rise in the number of bear sightings .

but in the end , hunting threatens to have its way with the population of ussuri bears . russian authorities estimate that there are between 15 , 000 and 30 , 000 specimens left . note the precision of the number . cruel practices are often used by hunters . wealthy people looking for thrills pay others to take them near a bear ' s winter lair . the trackers force the bear out of its lethargy by filling its lair with smoke . furious and disoriented , the bear leaves its den to escape , and then it is shot with bullets usually used to kill elephants !

the brown bear’s diet is quite similar to all other bears . they eat grass , fruit , insects , roots and bulbs of plants along with carrion and , when hungry enough , they will hunt small animals . brown bears that live near the coast feed on fish , particularly salmon . these bears will grow much larger than others because of their protein rich diet .

there are about 200 , 000 brown bears in the world . the largest populations are in russia , with 120 , 000 , the united states with 32 , 500 , and canada with 21 , 750 . ninety - five percent of the brown bear population in the united states is in alaska , though in the western united states they are repopulating slowly but steadily along the rockies and plains . in europe , there are 14 , 000 brown bears in ten separate fragmented populations , from spain in the west , to russia in the east , and from scandinavia in the north to romania , bulgaria , and greece ( with about 200 animals ) in the south . they are extinct in the british isles , extremely threatened in france and spain , and in trouble over most of central europe . the brown bear is finland ' s national animal . the carpathian brown bear population is the largest in europe outside russia , estimated at 4 , 500 to 5 , 000 bears .

2013 ) . nearly all european countries have some form of bear management plan , action plan or bear management strategy . however , in a number of countries these documents have not been adequately implemented .

in arctic areas , the potential habitat of the brown bear is increasing . the seeming warming of that region has allowed the species to move farther and farther north into what was once exclusively the domain of the polar bear . in non - arctic areas , habitat loss is blamed as the leading cause of endangerment , followed by hunting .

once during tracking we also noted the following fact : a tiger retreated , not attempting to hunt a large male brown bear in its den . the bear had set himself up for the winter in a small depression that he had dug near a fallen , broken - off shrub ( fig . 33 ) , and the bear was quite visible . the tiger , having encountered the bear by chance , abruptly turned around at a distance of more than 25 m from this place and walked in the opposite direction by following his own old tracks .

the grizzly bear , sometimes called the silvertip bear , is listed as threatened in the continental united states . it is slowly repopulating in areas where it was previously extirpated , though it is still vulnerable .

their teeth were very large . cave bear teeth show greater wear than most modern bear species , suggesting a diet of tough materials . however , tubers and other gritty food , which cause distinctive tooth wear in modern brown bears , do not appear to have constituted a major part of cave bears ' diets on the basis of dental microwear analysis .

brown bears love fish and are fond of salmon . they are excellent at fishing . in fact each bear has its favorite spot and will try to “reserve” it from other bears . mother bears bring their cubs to give them a teaching lesson .

cameron , w . 2005 . learn to identify black bears and grizzly ( brown ) bears . mountain nature . retrieved december 28 , 2008 .

s have furry coats in shades of blonde , brown , black , or a combination of those colors . the longer outer guard hairs of the

there are an average of two fatal bear attacks a year in north america ( herrero 2002 ) . in scandinavia , there are only four known cases since 1902 of bear encounters that have resulted in death . the two most common causes for bear attack are surprise and curiosity ( smith and herrero 2007 ) .

the entrance of a brown bear ' s den is a tunnel that goes down to a small ‘bedroom’ . the female bear will hibernate all winter long , not even waking up to give birth ! the baby cubs will find their way to their mother’s chest and nurse and sleep until the mother bear wakes up . by the time she does wake up her teeny little cubs are much larger and quite playful ! the den will probably be used only once .

bellemain , e . , j . e . swenson , and p . taberlet . 2006 . mating strategies in relation to sexually selected infanticide in a non - social carnivore : the brown bear . ethology 112 ( 3 ) : 238 - 246 .

however , some evidence points toward the occasional inclusion of animal protein in cave bear diets . for example , toothmarks on cave bear remains in areas where cave bears are the only recorded potential carnivores suggests occasional cannibalistic scavenging , possibly on individuals that died during hibernation , and dental microwear analysis indicates the cave bear may have fed on a greater quantity of bone than its contemporary , the smaller eurasian brown bear additionally , cave bear remains from peștera cu oase in the southwestern tip of the romanian part of the carpathian mountains had elevated levels of nitrogen - 15 in their bones , indicative of omnivorous diets , although the values are within the range of those found for the strictly herbivorous mammoth .

and biceps " when the bear has a large hump on its . these bears have more impressive biceps .

dye , l . 2005 . grizzlies encroaching on polar bear country . abc news march 16 , 2005 .

skull of ursus spelaeus : cave bears lacked the usual two or three premolars present in other bear species .

if you haven’t been able to attract a bear yet , invite him to dinner . set up a bear - feeding station as mentioned above and install a sidewalk with footlights to guide the bear at night . it seems to me that it would be a whole lot safer to not even take any food into the forest .

grizzly bear is subspecies of the brown bear . these huge animals originate from europe and asia , but today they can be found only in north america and canada . they live in woodlands , forests and valleys near rivers . during 1970s number of grizzly bears dropped significantly because of the mass hunt . since that time , hunting of bears is prevented by law , and their number gradually increased in time . today , grizzly bear is " threatened " species which means almost endangered .

as the largest living land predators in the world and capable of running at speeds of around 30mph ( 48kmph ) , brown bears can be extremely dangerous .

the size of a bear somewhat flatters their actual physique , felines of equal size are at least equally impressive .

have you ever seen the shoulders and loose fur of a bear ? there ' s no way a tiger could kill a bear with one throat bite . most hunts , even if including ambush , eventually turn into fights .

the time of the arctodus extinction is about the same as the extinction of the long - horned bison and other megafauna . both of these animals were replaced by eurasian immigrants , specifically the brown bear and american bison . since this was also about the same time as the clovis tool kit hunting culture appeared in north america , with culturally advanced humans entering the americas from asia , the implication is that the brown bear was better adapted to human competition than the megafauna , presumably due to a long term coexistence in the old world with people .

this bear is solitary , crepuscular and nocturnal . it spends its days roaming the taiga and looking for food . the siberian summer is short and the bear only has a few months to reproduce and build up its fat reserves .

the morphological features of the cave bear chewing apparatus , including loss of premolars , have long been suggested to indicate their diets displayed a higher degree of herbivory than the eurasian brown bear . indeed , a solely vegetarian diet has been inferred on the basis of tooth morphology . results obtained on the stable isotopes of cave bear bones also point to a largely vegetarian diet in having low levels of nitrogen - 15 and carbon - 13 , which are accumulated at a faster rate by carnivores as opposed to herbivores .

" brown bears have a bulky muscle mass located above the shoulders . this hump is designed to power the forelimbs and makes them exceptionally powerful diggers . this is one of the features that distinguishes them from the more common north american black bear which lacks such a shoulder hump "

stay calm and do not run . c’mon , it’s just a bear attack , what are you worried about ? !

don’t try to outrun the bear . bears can run up to 50 kph , which is much faster than you .

the brown bear also shared north america with the american lion and smilodon , carnivorous competitors . the modern grizzly can eat plants , insects , carrion , and small and large animals . the american lion , smilodon , and giant short - faced bear had a more limited range of food , making them vulnerable to starvation as the supply of available large mammals decreased , possibly due to hunting by humans .

first , you’ll need three things to be safe from bears : a bell , a white piece of cloth and a ferrari . these correspond to the three stages of a bear attack : the bear sighting , the attack and the escape .

fun fact : brown bears can climb trees to eat or escape predators , but only when they are cubs ! as they become adults they become too heavy for climbing .

" the genetic diversity of present - day brown bears ( ursus arctos ) has been extensively studied over the years and appears to be geographically structured into five main clades .

today , in rokusen sawa , there is a forest shrine called the sankebetsu brown bear incident reconstruction location . here , in memory of those who died , the story is presented authentically , with an original house from that period having been reconstructed and full explanations given of the events that occurred .

there is no shortage of safety tips telling what to do if you do see a bear when hiking in the mountains .

every single time any bear has ever stolen the kill off a tiger , the tiger was either a female or juvenile .

the caledonian bear was said to be so fierce that it was favored by the romans who used them in their amphitheatres .

bear books for children - a fun and fascinating way for young readers to find out more about these highly intelligent creatures .

there is little agreement on classification of brown bears . some systems have proposed as many as 90 subspecies , while recent dna analysis has identified as few as five clades ( fws 2005 ) . dna analysis has recently revealed that the identified subspecies of brown bears , both eurasian and north american , are genetically quite homogeneous , and that their genetic phylogeography does not correspond to their traditional taxonomy ( waits et al . 1998 ) . the subspecies of brown bears have been listed as follows ( one of which , called clade i by waits et al . ( 1998 ) , part of the subspecies identified as u . a . sitkensis , by hall and u . a . dalli by kurtén , appears to be more closely related to the polar bear than to other brown bears ( waits et al . 1998 ) ) :

brown bears are one of the more familiar bears since they are widely distributed compared to other species . their preferred living areas vary from meadows and valleys to forests and mountains .

nearby , news of the attack reached the miyouke family . there , the women and children of the miyouke and saito families had gathered , while the men hunted for the bear . though the bear returned to the ōta home in search of more prey , it was chased off by several of the hunting party . the bear turned it’s sights on the now unprotected miyouke farm .

bears become attracted to human created food sources such as garbage dumps , litter bins , and dumpsters ; and venture into human dwellings or barns in search of food as humans encroach into bear habitat . in the united states , bears sometimes kill and eat farm animals . when bears come to associate human activity with a " food reward , " a bear is likely to continue to become emboldened and the likeliness of human - bear encounters increases , as they may return to the same location despite relocation . the saying , " a fed bear is a dead bear , " has come into use to popularize the idea that allowing bears to scavenge human garbage , such as trash cans and campers ' backpacks , pet food , or other food sources that draw the bear into contact with humans can result in a bear being put into a situation where it has to be killed for safety reasons .

in spite of being classified as carnivores , about 75 % to 85 % of a bear’s diet is made up of plants .

several men from the village found expert bear hunter yamamoto heikichi , who told them the bear’s name was “kesagake” and that it had killed at least three other women in it’s life . yamamoto refused to help them however , having sold his gun for alcohol .

now , i have not seen any such detailed info on the muscles of pantherines or ursids , however , joints suggest that overall brown bears have a significant flexibility advantage over pantherines .

with a local guide , yamamoto managed to track the bear and killed it with two shots , one to the heart and one to the head . the bear weighed in at 340 kg ( 749lbs ) and measured 2 . 7 meters ( almost 9 feet ) in length . a necropsy performed later found human remains in the bear’s stomach , confirming that this was indeed the infamous kesagake .

waits , l . p . , s . l . talbot , r . h . ward , and g . f . shields . 1998 . mitochondrial dna phylogeography of the north american brown bear and implications for conservation . conservation biology 12 ( 2 ) : 408 - 417 . retrieved december 28 , 2008 .

for a bear , there is too much risk is involved in trying to challenge a tiger of near equal size for a carcass .

attacks on humans can be fatal and are more likely if bears are surprised or someone comes between a mother bear and her cubs .

grizzly bear is huge animal . most bears weigh between 300 and 800 pounds , but some captured animals weighed up to 1400 pounds .

takeshi komatsu , a local vet , said it was possible that the four were killed by the same bear . “after tasting human flesh ( for the first time ) , the bear may have realised that it can eat them , ” komatsu told kyodo news agency .

size of tigers and bears in the sikhote alin region : this is an actualization of the morphological data on the ussuri bears captured in the sikhote alin mountains by dr kucherenko ( 2003 ) ; the data on tigers is from my last document on them sizes , actualized at 2013 , which include all available scientific data about amur tigers captured by scientists . amur tigers : amur bears : greetings to all .

if available brown bears will hunt for animal prey . they will eat rodents , squirrels , foxes , and other small animals . they have also been known to attack young deer and sheep .

often it ' s not easy to distinguish which animal is more flexible or stronger going by visuals alone . for instance , you might think that a brown bear is exponentially more robust than any tiger of equal weight , when in reality , they there is very little to split the two animals in chest girth and bicep girth .

soon after these tragic events , rokusen sawa became a ghost town , as many of the villagers left in fear of more bear attacks .

i remember 221extra bringing that same argument up against ursus on cf . ursus disproved the whole thing . i ' ll find it and post it probably in an hour . then again , a female brown bear once killed a 500lb male tiger and a emaciated and severely underweight and heat exhausted polar bear managed to wreck a healthy male lion before finally dying . says a lot doesn ' t it ? now i know these are circus accounts but the general point still stands .

the chest girth of a lion and grizzly bear was measured as being only 1 . 8 inches apart , and the lion population was a few kg lighter than the bear population . there is no sufficient evidence to suggest that bears have more powerful upper bodies than lions or tigers .

sources on bear hunting in siberia : vsd no . 1647 - 18 dated 24 march 2009 andreï rudakov ( warning , some photos are violent )

i never denied it . it ' s usually bear fans who try to deny the fact that brownies avoid adult male tigers at all costs .

herrero , s . 2002 . bear attacks : their causes and avoidance , revised edition . guilford , ct : lyons press . isbn 158574557x .

101 facts . . . bears ! bear books for kids - amazing facts , photos & video links . ( 101 animal facts book 3 )

the bear , whose rampage inspired novels , radio and stage productions , and a film , was tracked down and shot dead by a hunter .

yayo meanwhile had escaped into the night and ran to find help . the men made it back to the village and hurried to the home , where the bear was still on a rampage inside . though they tried to corner and shoot it , once again the bear managed to escape .

food : more carnivorous than european brown bears , will take mammals ranging in size from hares up to caribou ( reindeer ) and elk . known to raid hunters’ food stores and huts for food . data on diet is sparse but , in common with other brown bears , will eat a wide variety of vegetation , seeds , nuts , fruit , roots and tubers , small mammals , carrion and fish .

a search party mobilized to find and kill the bear , and recover any of mayu’s remains . they soon found the massive animal , and though they shot it the bear managed to escape . mayu’s remains with found cached in the snow nearby ; all that remained was her head and legs .

having once again successfully shot the bear without killing it , the party followed the animals bloody tracks into the woods the following morning . this time they were accompanied by no - longer - retired - yamamoto , who found the bear and finally shot it to death , once in the heart , once in the head . the bear was nearly 9 feet tall and 750 pounds , and the remains of its victims were found in its stomach .

status : russia has the largest black bear population in the world . the brown bears of east siberia are populous but , nonetheless , are considered to be endangered as they are still largely treated as a game animal . around 5 , 000 bears in the altai mountains and over 16 , 000 in the east siberian taiga . other population figures not known .

brown bears are omnivores and feed on a variety of plant products , including berries , roots , and sprouts , as well as fungi and meat products such as fish , insects , and small mammals . despite their reputation , most brown bears are not particularly carnivorous as they typically derive up to 90 percent of their dietary food energy from vegetable matter ( dced ) . their jaw structure has evolved to fit their dietary habits .

the animal is found in the siberian ussuri taiga , as its name indicates , on sakhalin island , along the banks of the amour river , on the korean peninsula , and in northeast china and in japan . in fact , five sub - populations have been identified on hokkaido island . it inhabits mixed forests in mountainous areas , where asian black bears also live . but encounters between the species are rare , as they do not live at the same altitudes .

both the name " cave " and the scientific name spelaeus are because fossils of this species were mostly found in caves , showing that cave bears may have spent more time in caves than the brown bear , which uses caves only for hibernation . consequently , in the course of time , whole layers of bones , almost entire skeletons , were found in many caves .

the bear reappeared on the morning of december 9 , this time at the home of the ota family . inside the house , abe mayu , the wife of the head of the ota household , was babysitting a baby ( which was not related to her ) called hasumi mikio . the bear entered the house , attacked the baby , and killed it . a few seconds later , the bear took mayu and dragged her out of the house . the scene was terrible ; mayu was later found by a search party and her remains were buried under a tree in the snow . the search party finally located the bear 150 meters into the forest . five of the men shot at it , but only one bullet hit and the wounded bear managed to escape again .

the giant short - faced bear existed up until 11 , 000 years ago . it is believed to be the largest carnivorous mammal to have ever lived .

aside from akita , there have been sightings of mother with their cubs in several other prefectures , as well as reports of injuries due to bear attacks .

brown bears have heads that are large and round with a concave facial profile , a characteristic used to distinguish them from other bears . their snout protrudes from this concave or " hollow " face ( grzimek et al . 2004 ) . they also have a large hump of muscle over their shoulders ( grzimek et al . 2004 ) , which helps to distinguish them from such species as the black bear ( ursus americanus ) , which lacks this characteristic hump ( cameron 2005 ) . their tail is short , 10 to 13 centimeters ( 4 to 5 inches ) long ( brown 1993 ) .

the brown bear is primarily solitary animals , although they may gather in large numbers at major food sources and form social hierarchies based on age and size ( dewey and ballenger 2002 ; grzimek et al . 2004 ) . they may be active at any time , but primarily forage in the morning and at dusk , and rest during the day ( dewey and ballenger 2002 ) .

the cave bear had a very broad , domed skull with a steep forehead . its stout body had long thighs , massive shins and in - turning feet , making it similar in skeletal structure to the brown bear . cave bears were comparable in size to the largest modern - day bears . the average weight for males was 400 to 500 kilograms ( 880 to 1 , 100 lb ) , while females weighed 225 to 250 kg ( 495 to 550 lb ) . of cave bear skeletons in museums , 90 % are male due to a misconception that the female skeletons were merely " dwarfs " . cave bears grew larger during glaciations and smaller during interglacials , probably to adjust heat loss rate .

brown bears were once native to the atlas mountains in africa , and may have existed as late as the mid - 1800s in algeria and morocco and as late as 1500s in the sinai of egypt , but are not extinct in these areas ( mclellan et al . 2008 ) . they also were once in mexico , but were extirpated there and in a large portion of the southwestern united states during the twentieth century ( mclellan et al . 2008 ) . although many hold on to the belief that some brown bears still may be present in mexico and the atlas mountains of morocco , both are almost certainly extinct . the last known mexican brown bear was shot in 1960 . very small numbers remain in iraq and nepal , but they have apparently been eliminated from syria and possibly bhutan ( mclellan et al . 2008 ) .

similar books to 101 facts . . . bears ! bear books for kids - amazing facts , photos & video links . ( 101 animal facts book 3 )


humboldt 's hog-nosed skunk , also known as the patagonian hog-nosed skunk ( conepatus humboldtii ) is a type of hog-nosed skunk indigenous to the open grassy areas in the patagonian regions of argentina and chile .

humboldt ' s hog - nosed skunk

humboldt ' s hog - nosed skunk <EOT> hog - nosed skunks are found in southern north america , central america and portions of south america . there are several distinct species : molina ' s hog - nosed skunk , the striped hog - nosed skunk , humboldt ' s hog - nosed skunk and the american hog - nosed skunk ( which includes eastern hog - nosed and western hog - nosed skunks ) .

humboldt ' s hog - nosed skunk - conepatus humboldtii humboldt ' s hog - nose skunk is found in argentina and chile . source : animal diversity web intended audience : general reading level : middle school teacher section : yes

picture of the striped hog - nosed skunk by washington l . s . vieira , licensed under

weylan shaw ( author ) , humboldt state university , brian arbogast ( editor ) , humboldt state university .

the hog - nosed skunk has an interesting evolutionary history among skunk species . according to natural history magazine :

all hog - nosed skunks live in the americas . the north american species ranges farther north than any other member of the genus , living in mexico and the united states as far north as colorado . the other species reside in central and south america . striped hog - nosed skunks live as far north as southern mexico and as far south as northern peru and eastern brazil . the range of molina ' s and humboldt ' s hog - nosed skunks overlaps . molina ' s hog - nosed skunks live throughout central south america , while humboldt ' s skunks live exclusively in chile and argentina .

molina ' s hog - nosed skunk - conepatus chinga molina ' s hog - nosed skunk is found in argentina , bolivia , brazil , chile , paraguay , peru , and uruguay . source : animal diversity web intended audience : general reading level : middle school teacher section : yes

the humboldt ' s hog - nosed skunk , patagonian hog - nosed skink is listed as least concern ( lr / lc ) , lowest risk . does not qualify for a more at risk category . widespread and abundant taxa are included in this category , on the iucn red list of threatened species

a young / baby of a humboldt is called a ' kit ' . a humboldt group is called a ' surfeit or stink ' .

the pelts of hog - nosed skunk were exported a great deal between 1960 and 1980 . the pelts of

in the wild . however , similar species of hog - nosed skunk have lived up to 7 years in captivity .

hog - nosed skunks eat primarily insects and small mammals , particularly rodents . for this reason , farmers find their presence beneficial as they prey on pests that destroy crops . some have a more specialized diet - - striped hog - nosed skunks prefer to hunt and eat termites , while molina ' s skunks favor spiders and beetles . these skunks are solitary , nocturnal creatures , foraging at night and returning to dens or burrows during the day . molina ' s hog - nosed skunks are more territorial , while humboldt ' s hog - nosed skunks tend to roam more and never return to the same den twice .

hog - nosed skunks generally prefer open grasslands , scrublands and forests . striped hog - nosed skunks ' habitat depends on the season . during the rainy season when food is more plentiful , they tend to stay in deciduous forests , but during the dry season , they expand into more open territory in search of food . molina ' s hog - nosed skunks prefer foraging in open canyon and steppe areas , though they retreat to forests to rest . while humboldt ' s hog - nosed skunks also prefer open grasslands , they often forage near the barns and sheds of human dwellings .

the amazonian hog - nosed skunk , striped hog - nosed skunk is listed as least concern ( lr / lc ) , lowest risk . does not qualify for a more at risk category . widespread and abundant taxa are included in this category , on the iucn red list of threatened species

american hog - nosed skunk - conepatus leuconotus [ in ] the american hog - nosed skunk is found from southeastern texas , southern arizona and southern new mexico south through central america to northern nicaragua . source : audubon guides intended audience : general reading level : middle school teacher section : no

hog - nosed skunks have a broad , bald snout much like that of a pig . like their namesake , the hog - nosed skunk uses its strong sniffer to root around in the ground for food , which includes grubs , beetles and insect larvae . combined with long , sharp claws and a powerful upper body , hog - nosed skunks are powerful diggers .

hog - nosed skunks grow to about 2 feet long on average , and weigh between 5 and 10 pounds . in addition to their distinctive noses , skunks in this genus have coarser fur than skunk species . the fur is mostly black , with white stripes that differ in pattern depending on the species . humboldt ' s hog - nosed skunks have one or two white stripes down their sides . the same two white stripes are present for molina ' s hog - nosed skunks , but their tails are almost completely white . striped and north american hog - nosed skunks have a single white stripe running down their backs , but striped skunks ' single stripe splits into two , with their tails covered with short black and white hairs .

never returned to the same den during the day . patagonian hog - nosed skunks forage exclusively in green grassy areas .

striped hog - nosed skunk - conepatus semistriatus the striped hog - nosed skunk is found in belize , brazil , colombia , costa rica , ecuador , honduras , mexico , nicaragua , panama , peru , and venezuela . source : animal diversity web intended audience : general reading level : middle school teacher section : yes

patagonian hog - nosed skunks are found in chile and argentina from 38 to 42 degrees south to the strait of magellan .

patagonian hog - nosed skunks primarily eat insects . they may however feed on small mammals , shrubs , and fruit in addition to insects .

an ancestor of hog - nosed skunks and a spotted skunk - like form appeared in the early pliocene records of mexico . shortly after that , the hog - nosed skunks managed to migrate into south america , taking advantage of a newly formed land bridge connecting north and south america . this is part of a major geologic event called the great american biotic interchange , or gabi , and hog - nosed skunks were among the earliest carnivores to expand to the south .

like many skunk species , hooded skunks have more than just one name . this species is sometimes called the long - tailed mexican skunk , southern skunk , white - sided skunk or zorillo .

the eastern spotted skunk is the only skunk that can climb trees , according to the adw .

humans carry their babies for 9 months , but that’s nothing compared to these amazing creatures .

hooded skunk - mephitis macroura most of the hooded skunk ' s diet is made up of insects . source : audubon guides intended audience : general reading level : middle school teacher section : no

pygmy spotted skunk - spilogale pygmaea the pygmy spotted skunk is found along the pacific coast of mexico .

hog - nosed skunks have bare noses from all the rooting around they do when hunting for food to eat . ( photo : patagonian stock ae / shutterstock )

they all stink , but there ' s much more to the skunk world than just the black - and - white stripes of pepé le pew .

the american hog - nosed skunk is not only among the largest skunk species at more than 2 feet long and weighing up to 10 pounds , it is also the only species that lacks the familiar white medial bar between the eyes . the all - black face and distinctive nose make this type of skunk easy to identify .

hog - nosed skunks primarily eat insects and prey that are considered crop pests , so they can be particularly beneficial to have on a farm or in a garden .

very little is known about this particular species of hog - nosed skunk ( e . g . population density , mating system , etc . ) . more research into the natural history of this species is required for complete understanding .

the eastern hog - nosed skunk is the largest of all the skunk species , according to the animal diversity web ( adw ) . it typically grows to 27 . 56 to 31 . 50 inches ( 70 to 80 cm ) and weighs 4 . 41 to 9 . 91 lbs . ( 2 to 4 . 5 kg ) .

the striped hog - nosed skunk is quite the solitary little mammal . being both loners and nocturnal , their mating habits and reproduction cycles are not widely documented . it is assumed that these are similar to that of other skunk species , which means that mating generally occurs in the spring and results in one litter of 2 - 5 offspring per year . they most likely retreat underground or into some type of den or burrow to give birth . the lifespan of this animal is not known for longevity , and at this time the striped hog - nosed skunk does not appear on any endangered species or conservation lists .

patagonian hog - nosed skunks are solitary creatures that are active mainly at night . home ranges of individual skunks may overlap and range from 9 . 7 ha to 16 . 4 ha . during the daylight hours

mueller , jennifer . " facts about the hog nose skunks " accessed july 09 , 2018 . urltoken

) , also referred to as the amazonian hog - nosed skunk , is a neotropical mammal . this means that they are generally found in central and south america , from southern mexico continuing south eastwards into peru and eastern brazil . the striped hog - nosed skunk is similar in size to an average domestic house cat , perhaps slightly smaller . their size is about 57 cm ( 22 inches ) in length with an average weight of 1 . 6 kg ( 3 . 5 lbs ) , and the male of the species is generally larger than the female .

mueller , jennifer . " facts about the hog nose skunks . " animals - urltoken , http : / / animals . urltoken / hog - nose - skunks - 7452 . html . accessed 09 july 2018 .

there are four species of spotted skunk , all of which are found from central america north into canada . two species , the eastern spotted skunk and the pygmy spotted skunk , are considered to be vulnerable to extinction .

mueller , jennifer . ( n . d . ) . facts about the hog nose skunks . animals - urltoken . retrieved from http : / / animals . urltoken / hog - nose - skunks - 7452 . html

lasts approximately 9 weeks . patagonian hog - nosed skunks bear 3 to 7 altricial young . the reason for such a small litter is believed to be the relatively small number of mammae possessed by the females . female patagonian hog - nosed skunks have 3 pair of mammae , as opposed to other species of skunks , which may have more . young are not “weaned” in the traditional sense , but simply stop nursing when able to take in a regular diet .

a young / baby of a striped hognosed skunk is called a ' kit ' . a striped hognosed skunk group is called a ' surfeit or stink ' .

there are reports that hog - nosed skunks in the andes are immune to the venum of pit vipers . this might indicate an historic case of predation on these skunks by snakes which is no longer of importance , or it may indicate that the skunks prey on pit vipers .

striped skunk - mephitis mephitis the striped skunk is black with two broad white stripes on back . source : audubon guides intended audience : general reading level : middle school teacher section : no

western spotted skunk - spilogale gracilis the western spotted skunk is found in the western united states . source : animal diversity web intended audience : general reading level : middle school teacher section : yes

this type of skunk is probably the most commonly known . found throughout north america from central mexico into canada , the striped skunk is content living anywhere from the most pristine wilderness to the heart of urban centers . it ' s black - and - white markings are familiar and even fear - inducing to those who have had an unfortunate run - in with its spray .

no skunk species is currently endangered , according to the international union for conservation of nature . except for one , all are listed on the union ' s red list of threatened species as " least concern . " the pygmy spotted skunk is listed as vulnerable due to and ongoing population loss estimated to be more than 30 percent over the past three generations of the species .

has no real natural predators , although certain species of skunks have been preyed upon by raptors such as great - horned owls . the lack of natural predators may be in fact due to the skunk’s ability to emit a powerful smelling musk out of anal glands on its rear end .

before spraying , a skunk will often charge at an attacker , stomp its front legs or hiss .

stink badgers were only recently classified as part of the skunk family . ( photo : nicoolay / istockphoto )

western spotted skunk - spilogale gracilis the western spotted skunk is black , with horizontal white stripes on its neck and and shoulders . source : audubon guides intended audience : general reading level : middle school teacher section : no

the striped skunk is found across most of southern canada , all over the united states and in northern mexico .

striped skunk - mephitis mephitis the striped skunk is found throughout most of the united states . it is also found in canada and mexico . source : arkive intended audience : general reading level : middle school teacher section : yes

skunk are one of four wild animals considered to be primary carriers of the rabies virus , according to the humane society .

in appearance , the striped hog - nosed skunk is similar to the common skunk found in north america with some slight differences . their coat is predominately black in color with the white stripe forming at the back of their necks and extending down their back where it divides into two stripes . the tail is black and white but not as bushy as that of other species and their coat is very coarse , lacking the qualities for which the north american skunk is valued . the nose is long and extends into a pig - like " snout " which is used to root in the earth , and the front feet have strong sharp claws for digging . like all skunks , they have anal glands which are capable of spraying a foul - smelling musk when threatened .

the skunk’s most memorable trait is its smell . when frightened , skunks will shoot a smelly , oily substance from a gland underneath their tails with a range of up to 10 feet ( 3 meters ) , according to national geographic . the scent from this gland can last for days , but isn’t harmful . most animals leave skunks alone unless they can’t find other prey . before spraying , a spotted skunk will do a handstand on its front paws and aim its tail without taking its eyes off its attacker .

habitat use for patagonian hog - nose skunks ranges from grass and shrub land to rocky outcroppings . they may also be found around human dwellings ( e . g . houses , sheds , etc . ) .

the spray is an oily liquid that the skunk can shoot up to 10 feet . it ' s so powerful that it can induce vomiting and can temporarily blind anyone unfortunate enough to get spritzed in the eyes . the stink lasts for days and is next to impossible to get out . ask a dog owner whose pet got sprayed , and they ' ll confirm how tough it is to wash away .

alina bradford is a contributing writer for live science . over the past 16 years , alina has covered everything from ebola to androids while writing health , science and tech articles for major publications . she has multiple health , safety and lifesaving certifications from oklahoma state university . alina ' s goal in life is to try as many experiences as possible . to date , she has been a volunteer firefighter , a dispatcher , substitute teacher , artist , janitor , children ' s book author , pizza maker , event coordinator and much more .

despite the “badger” label , these smelly critters fall squarely in the skunk family . their appearance is part of the misnomer , since they lack a long bushy tail like other skunk species . instead , they have a similar look to badgers with their robust , stocky body shape and stumpy tails .

hooded skunk - mephitis macroura the hooded skunk is found in el salvador , guatemala , honduras , mexico , nicaragua , and in the united states in southwestern texas , southwestern new mexico , and southeastern arizona . source : animal diversity web intended audience : general reading level : middle school teacher section : yes

a terrestrial biome found in temperate latitudes ( > 23 . 5° n or s latitude ) . vegetation is made up mostly of grasses , the height and species diversity of which depend largely on the amount of moisture available . fire and grazing are important in the long - term maintenance of grasslands .

english - german online dictionary developed to help you share your knowledge with others . more information ! contains translations by tu chemnitz and mr honey ' s business dictionary ( german - english ) . thanks on that account ! links to this dictionary or to single translations are very welcome ! questions and answers

eastern spotted skunk - spilogale putorius eastern spotted skunks are good climbers . source : audubon guides intended audience : general reading level : middle school teacher section : no

has a bare , broad , projecting face that lacks the thin white line down the middle . this allows it to be easily distinguished from similar species of skunk .

not all skunks come with stripes . this adorable species sports a black - and - white dappled coat that , while technically isn ' t spotted , is the source of this variety ' s name . rather than the ventral stripes of other species , spotted skunks have stripe - like patches of white in patterns distinct to each individual .

jennifer mueller began writing and editing professionally in 1995 , when she became sports editor of her university ' s newspaper while also writing a bi - monthly general interest column for an independent tourist publication . mueller holds a bachelor of arts in political science from the university of north carolina at asheville and a juris doctor from indiana university maurer school of law .

striped skunk - mephitis mephitis striped skunks are nocturnal . they spend the day sleeping in underground burrows . source : animal diversity web intended audience : general reading level : middle school teacher section : yes

there is more variety in the skunk family than you may have suspected . going far beyond the familiar waddling , black - and - white striped critter roaming many suburban backyards , there are a wide variety of lesser - known skunk species — including two found in the malay islands of southeast asia . but they all have two things in common : an infamously unmistakable aroma and a single ancestry source .

these small stinkers are found in the united states , canada , south america and mexico . stink badgers , which were recently considered part of the skunk family , are found in indonesia and the philippines .

the markings of the coat are used to warn predators . if they ignore this warning the skunk will lift up his tail and raising the hairs making it look bigger . he grinds his teeth and stomps his front paws on the floor . most predators leave it at that , but the persistent one is in for a nasty surprise . the skunk aims his anal glands towards the attacker and sprays quite accurately a yellow , oily foul smelling fluid onto his goal . a skunk can spray 10 up to 16 . 4 feet . the coat pattern serves as a warning to predators . should they ignore the warning , the skunk flares his tail , spreads out the tail hair , grinds his teeth and will stomp on the ground with his front legs . most predators will leave it at this , but the single enemy that remains gets a nasty surprise . the skunk points the anal glands on the attacker and sprays a yellow , oily , smelly liquid . it can spray nine to sixteen feet , but the vapor that is released can carry up to thirty three feet away . the smell will hang around for a long time and can be smelled from afar . however , the skunk is very sparse with his fluid , since he has only enough for five or six attacks and it takes a few weeks before the liquid is replaced . only the american eagle owl , which has a poor sense of smell , is a formidable natural enemy of the skunk . the vast majority ends up becoming the victims of automobiles though .

hooded skunks get their name from the cap of long fur on the top of their heads and the backs of their necks , which can look almost like a furry cape . they have color pattern variations , including a single wide , white dorsal stripe ( pictured here ) , or they may be entirely black except for the white hood and some white on the tail . this skunk has a longer tail and softer fur than its striped skunk cousins .

the striped skunk ( mephitis mephitis ) is the best known skunk and also the most common skunk kept as a pet . this species natural range is almost completely in north america . they inhabit a variety of ecological niches ; deserts , forests , prairies , agricultural landscapes and suburban sites . the striped skunks head to vent length is between 13 to 23 . 5 inches and weighs 4 . 4 to 13 . 3 lbs . the tail length is between 7 to 15 . 7 inches . in general males are a heavier build than females . the striped skunk has black fur with two wide white stripes running along the sides of the back . the shoulders and nape of the neck are also white . the amount of white varies per individual ; some are almost entirely black but there are also near white animals . on the face there is a narrow white stripe . the tail is long haired and fluffy .

eastern spotted skunk - spilogale putorius eastern spotted skunks are found throughout much of the eastern united state south through central america to el salvador . source : animal diversity web intended audience : general reading level : middle school teacher section : yes

according to pbs , " dna and evidence from the fossil record suggest that the mephitidae family derived from a single common ancestor about 30 to 40 million years ago . the descendants of this ancient skunk have evolved into 12 of the stinkiest and most intriguing species on the planet . "

despite the smelly trouble they can sometimes cause , striped skunks — and all skunk species — are quite beneficial . they have an omnivorous diet and help with everything from keeping insects like grasshoppers , beetles , crickets and wasps in check to spreading seeds of fruits and berries and cleaning up fallen fruit .

the hooded skunk is found from the southwestern united states all the way down to costa rica . this species can be found in a variety of habitats , according to the university of michigan . " hooded skunks can live in several habitats , from dry lowlands to boreal forests or plateaus , and many habitats in between . these skunks may be found in high - elevation ponderosa pine forests , deciduous forests , forest edges , riparian zones , rocky canyons , grasslands , pastures , and arid desert lowlands . in oaxaca , mexico , where they are the most common skunk species , they prefer grasslands and marshes over scrublands . "

it is not permitted in most european countries to descent skunks ( or any other mammal ) and is not necessary . a skunk will , if well socialized , not use his anal glands . only very young skunks lack full control over their anal glands and may " leak " . well cared for skunks have a neutral smell and often take on the smell of their surroundings . this is because the coat can absorb odors due to a special hair structure . a skunk that sleeps in straw will smell like straw and when they sit a while in the lap of someone wearing perfume it will , after a few minutes , smell like that perfume . a well cared for skunk doesn ' t smell as unpleasant as you might think . . . descented skunks , however , may be imported and sold . note that if the descenting procedure isn ' t followed out correctly they might loose control of the small remainders of their anal glands and have a slight " skunkie " odor .

until recently , skunks were considered part of the mustelid family , related to weasels , otters and badgers . molecular analysis has shown that skunks should be recognized as a single family , mephitidae , according to the adw . also , stink badgers , which occur in indonesia and the philippines , have just recently been considered part of the skunk family .

explorers reported as early as the 16th century that native americans kept skunks in and around their villages . the first western settlers also welcomed skunks around their farms to kill off pests such as mice and rats . by breeding skunks on fur farms since the mid - 19th century quite a lot of colors and markings have been bred . there are brown , gray , apricot and white skunks . when the fur market collapsed after the american civil war ( 1861 - 1865 ) , the fur breeders have focused on the pet industry . artis was the first dutch zoo in 1939 that had skunks in their collection . since the 70 ' s they have also been kept as pets in the netherlands .

the oldest known fossil remains of a skunk is found in germany ( europe ) and has been dates back to 12 million years ago . up to 1997 the skunks were considered as members of the weaselfamily ( mustelidae ) . but recent dna research has put them in their own family , the skunks ( mephitidae ) . the family has 12 members devided in 4 genera .

a skunk is an omnivore . the natural diet consists of rodents , insects , lizards , eggs of ground - nesting birds , amphibians , vegetables , fruits and berries . the striped skunk is a solitary nocturnal animal , is largely crepuscular and nocturnal , and they sleep during the day in a quiet corner . it does not hibernate , but he goes into winter rest in cold regions . in the fall they grow a thick fat layer , to come through the food - poor winter months to come . often several skunks spend their winter rest together in a den . sometimes they use an existing shelter such as a tree or a hollow space between the rocks . occasionally they dig their own den . striped skunks sometimes use hollow walls and crawl spaces as an accommodation . in general , winter dens and maternity dens are underground , others are above ground .

the mating season is from february to april . gestation lasts 62 to 66 days , including the prolonged gestation of 19 days . the skunk gets 3 - 9 young per litter and they are born in may . at birth the kits are blind and covered with peach - like fuzz . the characteristic striped markings are already clearly recognizable . after six to seven weeks the young are weaned and go with the mother on the hunt . they live up to 3 to 6 years in the wild and 6 to 10 years in captivity .

like its skunk relatives , and true to its name , the stink badger can spray a foul - smelling secretion as a form of self - defense . for the sunda stink badger , this is the second tack it takes when threatened . its first strategy is to play dead like an opossum . when it is forced to squirt a predator , it can spray the secretion only about 6 inches . the palawan stink badger , on the other hand , has a far more noxious smelling secretion which it can spray up to a meter away and will do so as the first line of defense . in other words , they’re not to be trifled with .

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while many authors have traditionally considered skunks a subfamily ( mephitinae ) within mustelidae , recent molecular evidence indicates that skunks do not lie within the mustelid group and should be recognised as a single family , mephitidae ( wozencraft 2005 ) .

justification : this species is listed as least concern because it is widespread in an area of relatively little - encroached habitat and it is common , sometimes occurring at high densities ( cofré and marquet 1999 ) .

the species is found in southern argentina and adjacent parts of chile ( redford and eisenberg 1989 ) .

olrog and lucero ( 1981 ) state that it is locally common in argentina . there is some indication that the numbers of c . humboldtii have decreased ( broad et al . 1988 ) , but the numbers killed each year in patagonia are not known and unpublished data show that population levels have been stable from 1989 to 1993 . population density value estimated for chile is 89 individuals / km² ( cofré and marquet 1999 ) .

the pelts of c . humboldtii were exported a great deal between 1960 and 1980 although of lesser value than other conepatus species . in 1983 , c . humboldtii was protected against export in argentina and chile . these animals are apparently still used in the pet trade ( chapman and feldhamer 1982 ) .

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is approximately 50 to 60 cm in length counting the tail which is 15 to 18 centimeters in length . these animals weigh between 1100 to 4500 g . both males and females are black and may have 1 or 2 stripes down the side of their bodies . they are sexually dimorphic with the males being slightly larger .

undergoes similar development as other mustelidae . at birth young weigh approximately one ounce . growth to adulthood usually takes up to 3 months ( chapman and feldhammer 1982 ) .

( chapman and feldhamer , 1982 ; fuller , et al . , 1987 )

the parental care of this species has not been described . however , other skunks give birth to altricial young , which are kept in a den or nest until they are able to walk about . the mother provides the young with food in the form of milk , and protection .

communicates by bodily gestures to ward off potential danger . this may be stamping its feet or raising its rear in the air . like other skunks , it is known to eject a foul smelling secretion from its anal glands if threatened . little is known of mating behavior of

probably affects populations of insects and other small mammals it preys upon . to the extent that it digs in the soil for burrowing or to locate its insect prey , this species probably also helps to aerate the soil .

was protected against export in argentina and chile . these animals are apparently still used in the pet trade .

living in the southern part of the new world . in other words , central and south america .

young are born in a relatively underdeveloped state ; they are unable to feed or care for themselves or locomote independently for a period of time after birth / hatching . in birds , naked and helpless after hatching .

having body symmetry such that the animal can be divided in one plane into two mirror - image halves . animals with bilateral symmetry have dorsal and ventral sides , as well as anterior and posterior ends . synapomorphy of the bilateria .

found in coastal areas between 30 and 40 degrees latitude , in areas with a mediterranean climate . vegetation is dominated by stands of dense , spiny shrubs with tough ( hard or waxy ) evergreen leaves . may be maintained by periodic fire . in south america it includes the scrub ecotone between forest and paramo .

in mammals , a condition in which a fertilized egg reaches the uterus but delays its implantation in the uterine lining , sometimes for several months .

animals that use metabolically generated heat to regulate body temperature independently of ambient temperature . endothermy is a synapomorphy of the mammalia , although it may have arisen in a ( now extinct ) synapsid ancestor ; the fossil record does not distinguish these possibilities . convergent in birds .

offspring are produced in more than one group ( litters , clutches , etc . ) and across multiple seasons ( or other periods hospitable to reproduction ) . iteroparous animals must , by definition , survive over multiple seasons ( or periodic condition changes ) .

this terrestrial biome includes summits of high mountains , either without vegetation or covered by low , tundra - like vegetation .

the area in which the animal is naturally found , the region in which it is endemic .

the business of buying and selling animals for people to keep in their homes as pets .

a terrestrial biome . savannas are grasslands with scattered individual trees that do not form a closed canopy . extensive savannas are found in parts of subtropical and tropical africa and south america , and in australia .

a grassland with scattered trees or scattered clumps of trees , a type of community intermediate between grassland and forest . see also tropical savanna and grassland biome .

to cite this page : shaw , w . 2002 . " conepatus humboldtii " ( on - line ) , animal diversity web . accessed july 09 , 2018 at urltoken

disclaimer : the animal diversity web is an educational resource written largely by and for college students . adw doesn ' t cover all species in the world , nor does it include all the latest scientific information about organisms we describe . though we edit our accounts for accuracy , we cannot guarantee all information in those accounts . while adw staff and contributors provide references to books and websites that we believe are reputable , we cannot necessarily endorse the contents of references beyond our control .

this material is based upon work supported by the national science foundation grants drl 0089283 , drl 0628151 , due 0633095 , drl 0918590 , and due 1122742 . additional support has come from the marisla foundation , um college of literature , science , and the arts , museum of zoology , and information and technology services .

classification from integrated taxonomic information system ( itis ) selected by c . michael hogan - see more .

kari pihlaviita added the finnish common name " patagonianskunkki " to " conepatus humboldtii gray , 1837 " .

c . michael hogan marked " range description " as visible on the " conepatus humboldtii gray , 1837 " page .

c . michael hogan marked " range description " as trusted on the " conepatus humboldtii gray , 1837 " page .

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or conepatus humboldtii is listed on the iucn red list ( 1996 ) as lower risk / least concern .

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the species is found in southern argentina and adjacent parts of chile ( redford and eisenberg , 1989 ) .

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during dry seasons they can be predominately found in deciduous forests , shrub woodlands , and occasionally grasslands . they tend to avoid desert areas and thickly wooded forests , preferring more sparsely wooded areas . during the wet season , the skunks tend to be more selective , sticking to higher levels of elevation where food is plentiful . the omnivorous creatures feed on insects , fruit and eggs , invertebrates , and small vertebrates such as lizards and small mammals .

black - and - white striped skunks are the most well - known , but they have some adorable stinky cousins . ( photo : globalp / istockphoto )

those 12 species fall into five distinct types of skunks . here they are , each beneficial to their ecosystems and surprisingly cute in their own smelly way .

striped skunks are perhaps the most familiar species in north america . ( photo : bildagentur zoonar gmbh / shutterstock )

spotted skunks have a particularly beautiful coat pattern . ( photo : action sports photography / shutterstock )

spotted skunks grow to be one to two feet in length and are agile climbers , often taking to the trees and walking along branches , which is why they ' re sometimes called tree skunks . taking advantage of a diverse diet , spotted skunks will happily feast on fruits and other easy foods , but also will go after tougher prey such as snakes .

while forests and shrub - covered areas offer a great habitat , spotted skunks are content setting up dens around homes , farms and other places where it might be easy to have a run - in with this cute but stinky creature . luckily they give plenty of warning , including stomping and rising up to walk on their front feet .

hooded skunks have a ' hood ' of white fur on their heads and down their necks . ( photo : dmitrij rodionov , dr / wikimedia commons )

there are two species of stink badger — the palawan stink badger , or pantot , and the sunda stink badger , or teledu . they’re found on the western islands of the malay archipelago where they root around for invertebrates , eggs , worms and other goodies under the cover of night .

check out a stink badger in action as it moves around looking for grub ( literally ! ) in the middle of the night .

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the black - footed cat may be tiny , but it will walk 20 miles in pursuit of prey .

humpback whales have been witnessed foiling killer whale hunts from antarctica to the north pacific .

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atacama desert . cactus and other rare plants show their best appearance during the blooming season after the occasional winter rain . | pinterest | desert cact…

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average measurements ( in mm ) : femur length 56 . 8 , humerus length 46 . 7 , radius length 39 . 1 , skull length 63 . 3 , tibia length 57 . 0

estimated body mass : 666 . 4 g based on femur length , humerus length , and tibia length

skunks are small , furry animals with black and white stripes . some skunks are striped , and some are spotted or have swirl patterns on their fur . no matter the pattern , the black - and - white coloring is a warning sign to anyone who may harm this small creature . they pack a wallop of a defense mechanism — noxious odors produced from their well - developed scent glands .

skunks are typically around the size of house cats . they grow to 8 to 19 inches ( 20 to 48 centimeters ) long and weigh around 7 ounces to 14 lbs . ( 198 grams to 6 kilograms ) . their tail adds another 5 to 15 inches ( 13 to 38 cm ) to their length .

skunks live in forest edges , woodlands , grasslands and deserts . they typically make their homes in abandoned burrows , but will also live in abandoned buildings , under large rocks and in hollow logs .

it is important to remember that most skunks are not aggressive and won’t harm humans unless they are threatened , according to the humane society .

skunks are nocturnal and forage for food while most animals and humans sleep . though you typically see skunks by themselves , they gather to mate . a group of skunks are called a surfeit .

skunks are omnivores , which means they eat both meat and vegetation . their diet consists of plants , insects , larvae , worms , fruit , eggs , reptiles , small mammals and fish .

little is known about the biology of stink badgers , according to the adw .

female skunks give birth every year . their gestation period often lasts around two months and they give birth to two to 10 offspring at a time .

baby skunks are called kits . kits are blind when born , since their eyes are sealed shut until around the age of 3 weeks , according to the san diego zoo . they are weaned at 2 months old . after they are weaned , they leave the den and at to 10 to 12 months old they are ready to have their own kits .

skunks have very short lives and often live only around three years . in captivity they can live a little longer , usually seven to eight years .

there are four species of spotted skunks . western spotted skunks ( pictured ) extend from central mexico through the western united states to british columbia ; southern spotted skunks occur from central mexico south to central costa rica ; eastern spotted skunks are found from eastern canada , down the appalachians to northeast mexico .

poachers tried to kill rhinos in south african reserve . instead , a pride of lions killed them .

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there are 12 species of in this family . skunks are found in north , central , and south america . stink badgers are found in indonesia and the philippines .

members of this family are black , brown , or gray and have white stripes or spots . skunks and stink badgers are about the size of a domestic cat and have squat bodies ; bushy tails ; and powerful , stubby legs . they have a gland under their tails that emits a spray with strong odor . this spray is used to warn away predators . in addition to smelling bad , this spay also causes a stinging sensation .

skunks and stink badgers are nocturnal and spend the day in a burrow or den or hidden under rocks or a log . they have strong front claws that help them dig into the soil for food . they are omnivores and eat vegetation , insects , larvae , worms , small birds , eggs , small mammals , and reptiles . skunks and stink badgers are solitary , although some species may gather together in a den in cold weather .

least concern near threatened vulnerable endangered critically endangered extinct in wild extinct status and range is taken from icun redlist . if no status is listed , there is not enough data to establish status .

palawan stink - badger - mydaus marchei the palawan stink - badger is found in the philippines . source : arkive intended audience : general reading level : middle school teacher section : yes

palawan stink - badger - mydaus marchei unlike most species in this family , the palawan stink - badger is diurnal . that means it is active during the day . source : animal diversity web intended audience : general reading level : middle school teacher section : yes

sunda stink - badger - mydaus javanensis the sunda stink - badger is found on the indonesian islands of sumatra , java , borneo , and north natuna islands . source : animal diversity web intended audience : general reading level : middle school teacher section : yes

the legislation governing the keeping of skunks varies from country to country . please refer to your local laws .

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intha umbilicalis is a species of air-breathing freshwater snail , an aquatic pulmonate gastropod mollusk in the family planorbidae , the ram 's horn snails , or planorbids .

intha umbilicalis

intha umbilicalis <EOT> budha p . b . ( 2010 ) . " intha umbilicalis " . the iucn red list of threatened species . version 2014 . 2 . < www . iucnredlist . org > . downloaded on 27 august 2014 .

related genera are hippeutis agassiz , 1837 and intha annandale , 1922 and the relationships of these genera and helicorbis require re - examination . some species in these genera are hosts of signifant animal and human parasites . hippeutis ( or intha ) umbilicalis ( benson , 1836 ) , an asian species that is also known from new guinea , has been intercepted by australian biosecurity .

{ author1 , author2 . . . } , ( n . d . ) . intha umbilicalis ( benson , 1836 ) . [ online ] india biodiversity portal , species page : { name of species field } available at : urltoken [ accessed date jul 10 , 2018 ] .

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brandt , r . a . m . 1974 . the non - marine aquatic mollusca of thailand . archiv für molluskenkunde 105 ( 1 - 4 ) : 1 - 423 .

is a widespread species occurring in the indomalayan and australasian realms with no known threats , and is therefore assessed as least concern .

it is distributed in south and southeast asia ; widespread in india , nepal , bangladesh , sri lanka , myanmar , thailand , laos , cambodia , vietnam , southern china , malaysia , indonesia , and eastwards to new guinea and japan .

although there is no information on population status and trends , however , this is a very common species .

it is found in swamps , lakes , ponds along with rich macrophytes . this species acts as intermediate hosts of many trematode parasites such as

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benson w . b . ( 1836 ) . " descriptive catagogue of a collection of land and fresh - water shells , chiefly contained in the museum of the asiatic society " . journal of asiatic society of bengal : 741 - 750 .

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iucn 2014 . the iucn red list of threatened species . version 2014 . 2 .

copyright ( c ) 2018 invasive species specialist group . all rights reserved . web site by acronym ltd .

this publication has been produced with support from the 10th european development fund . the contents of this publication are the sole responsibility of the issg ( invasive species specialist group ) and can in no way be taken to reflect the views of the european union nor of the acp secretariat

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this species differs from members of the genus gyraulus by its strongly overlapping whorls and peripheral keel that is not centrally placed . the shell is smooth , shiny , and dark red - brown to pale amber when alive . it is small and flat , with a small to medium sunken spire and narrow to medium umbilicus . some individuals have small internal lamellae .

original name : segmentina australiensis smith , 1882 . smith , e . a . ( 1882 ) . on the freshwater shells of australia . journal of the linnean society of london , zoology 16 : 255 - 316 .

synonyms : planorbis meniscoides tate , 1882 ; segmentina victoriae smith , 1882 ; segnitila alphena iredale , 1943 ; segnitila idonea iredale , 1944 ; segnitila redita iredale , 1944 ; segnitila brisbanensis iredale , 1944 .

we follow brown ( 1981 ) while noting that the taxonomy of this group requires revision ( see notes ) .

this species lives on aquatic vegetation in ponds , billabongs , swamps and sluggish streams and rivers . feeds on detritus . egg mass presumably a jelly strip containing small eggs . development direct . brown ( 1981 ) described the anatomy of this species .

additional information on the biology and ecology of members of this family can be found in fauna of australia , vol . 5b , p . 1072 - 1074 .

this species differs from species of gyraulus in having the whorls strongly overlapping and the peripheral keel is not centrally placed . the shell is smooth , shining and dark red - brown when alive .

this genus occurs in china , india , philippines , islands of the western pacific , as well as in eastern and northern australia .

beesley , p . l . , ross , g . j . b . & wells , a . , eds . ( 1998 ) . mollusca : the southern synthesis . parts a & b . melbourne , csiro publishing .

brown , d . s . ( 1981 ) . observations on the planorbidae from australia and new guinea . journal of the malacological society of australia 5 : 67 - 80 .

brown , d . s . ( 1998 ) . freshwater snails of the genus gyraulus ( gastropoda : planorbidae ) in australia : the taxa of tasmania . molluscan research 19 : 105 - 154 .

brown , d . s . ( 2001 ) . freshwater snails of the genus gyraulus ( planorbidae ) in australia : taxa of the mainland . molluscan research 21 : 17 - 107 .

hubendick , b . ( 1955 ) . phylogeny of the planorbidae . transactions of the zoological society of london 28 : 453 - 542 .

ponder , w . f . , clark , s . a . & dallwitz , m . j . ( 2000 ) . freshwater and estuarine molluscs : an interactive , illustrated key for new south wales . melbourne , csiro publishing .

smith , b . j . ( 1992 ) . non - marine mollusca . pp . i - xii , 1 - 408 in w . w . k . houston . zoological catalogue of australia , 8 . canberra , australian government publishing service .

smith , b . j . and kershaw , r . c . ( 1979 ) . field guide to the non - marine molluscs of south eastern australia . australian national university press , canberra , australia .

smith , b . j . & kershaw , r . c . ( 1981 ) . tasmanian land and freshwater molluscs . hobart , university of tasmania .

smith , e . a . ( 1887 ) . notes on australian species of bithinia , segmentina , and fusus and description of a new melania . journal of conchology 5 : 235 - 238 .

to cite this resource : ponder , w . f . , hallan , a . , shea , m . and clark , s . a . 2016 . australian freshwater molluscs . urltoken

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scurria zebrina is a species of sea snail , a true limpet , a marine gastropod mollusk in the family lottiidae , one of the families of true limpets .

scurria zebrina

scurria zebrina <EOT> cite this article as : aguilera ma , valdivia n , broitman br ( 2013 ) spatial niche differentiation and coexistence at the edge : co - occurrence distribution patterns in scurria limpets . mar ecol prog ser 483 : 185 - 198 . urltoken

( of patella zebrina lesson , 1831 ) espoz , c . , lindberg , d . r . , castilla , j . c . , simison , w . b . ( 2004 ) . intertidal limpets of chile and perú . revista chilena de historia natural . 77 : 257 - 283 . [ details ]

( of collisella zebrina ( lesson , 1831 ) ) espoz , c . , lindberg , d . r . , castilla , j . c . , simison , w . b . ( 2004 ) . intertidal limpets of chile and perú . revista chilena de historia natural . 77 : 257 - 283 . [ details ]

nakano t . & ozawa t . ( 2007 ) . worldwide phylogeography of limpets of the order patellogastropoda : molecular , morphological and paleontological evidence . journal of molluscan studies 73 ( 1 ) : 79–99 . [ details ]

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format summary genbank genbank ( full ) fasta asn . 1 xml insdseq xml tinyseq xml feature table accession list gi list gff3

finds sub - sequences or patterns in the sequence and highlights the matching regions . the tool works with standard single letter nucleotide or protein codes including ambiguities and can match prosite patterns in protein sequences . more . . .

finds sub - sequence or patterns in the sequence and highlights the matching region . the tool works with standard single letter nucleotide or protein codes including ambiguities and can match prosite patterns in protein sequences . more . . .

moisés a . aguilera 1 , * , nelson valdivia 2 , bernardo r . broitman 1

published in meps vol . 483 . online publication date : may 30 , 2013 print issn : 0171 - 8630 ; online issn : 1616 - 1599 copyright © 2013 inter - research .