maorimorpha is a small genus of sea snails , marine gastropod mollusks in the family mitromorphidae , in the superfamily conoidea the cone snails and their allies .

maorimorpha

maorimorpha <EOT> maorimorpha powell , a . w . b . , 1939 type species : maorimorpha suteri murdoch , r . , 1915

- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - species : maorimorpha secunda a . w . b . powell , 1942 - id : 2121400005

steyn , d . g . & lussi , m . ( 1998 ) marine shells of south africa . an illustrated collector’s guide to beached shells . ekogilde publishers , hartebeespoort , south africa , ii + 264 pp . page ( s ) : 156 [ details ]

( of cominella sulcata g . b . sowerby iii , 1892 ) petit , r . e . ( 2009 ) . george brettingham sowerby , i , ii & iii : their conchological publications and molluscan taxa . zootaxa . 2189 : 1–218 . , available online at urltoken [ details ] available for editors [ request ]

holotype , collected ' whangaroa ' = foveaux strait or stewart island , nz . ( m . 001728 ) . 4 . 3mm .

the symbols k . a . c . f . m . an . are used to indicate the geographical range of the species . they have been adopted to give an approxomation of the range of each species within new zealand .

powell , a . w . b . 1979 : new zealand mollusca : marine , land and freshwater shells , collins , auckland ( p . 237 )

note : localities are approximate , and represent only some of the known localities for the species .

confused by a class within a class or an order within an order ? please see our brief essay .

to cite this page : myers , p . , r . espinosa , c . s . parr , t . jones , g . s . hammond , and t . a . dewey . 2018 . the animal diversity web ( online ) . accessed at https : / / animaldiversity . org .

disclaimer : the animal diversity web is an educational resource written largely by and for college students . adw doesn ' t cover all species in the world , nor does it include all the latest scientific information about organisms we describe . though we edit our accounts for accuracy , we cannot guarantee all information in those accounts . while adw staff and contributors provide references to books and websites that we believe are reputable , we cannot necessarily endorse the contents of references beyond our control .

this material is based upon work supported by the national science foundation grants drl 0089283 , drl 0628151 , due 0633095 , drl 0918590 , and due 1122742 . additional support has come from the marisla foundation , um college of literature , science , and the arts , museum of zoology , and information and technology services .

sabinet | turridae ( mollusca : gastropoda ) of southern africa and mozambique . part 3 . subfamily borsoniinae

annals of the natal museum - turridae ( mollusca : gastropoda ) of southern africa and mozambique . part 3 . subfamily borsoniinae

source : annals of the natal museum , volume 27 , issue 2 , dec 1986 , p . 633 - 720

spencer h . g . , willan r . c . , marshall b . a . & murray t . j . ( 2011 ) . checklist of the recent mollusca recorded from the new zealand exclusive economic zone . , available online at urltoken [ details ]

spencer , h . g . , marshall , b . a . & willan , r . c . ( 2009 ) . checklist of new zealand living mollusca . pp 196 - 219 . in : gordon , d . p . ( ed . ) new zealand inventory of biodiversity . volume one . kingdom animalia : radiata , lophotrochozoa , deuterostomia . canterbury university press , christchurch . [ details ]

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clathurella carpenter , p . p . , 1857 type species : clathurella rava hinds , r . b . , 1843

abyssothauma sysoev , a . v . , 1996 type species : abyssothauma psilarosis barnard , k . h . , 1963

antimitra iredale , t . , 1917 type species : antimitra aegrota reeve , l . a . , 1845

asperdaphne ( asperdaphne ) hedley , c . , 1922 type species : asperdaphne ( asperdaphne ) versivestita hedley , c . , 1912

asperdaphne ( aspertilla ) powell , a . w . b . , 1944 type species : asperdaphne ( aspertilla ) legrandi beddome , r . h . , 1883

asperdaphne hedley , c . , 1922 type species : asperdaphne ( asperdaphne ) versivestita hedley , c . , 1912

cithara schumacher , h . c . f . , 1817 type species : unknowngenustype

corinnaeturris bouchet , ph . & a . warén , 1980 type species : corinnaeturris leucomata dall , w . h . , 1881

crockerella hertlein , l . g . & a . m . strong , 1951 type species : crockerella crystallina gabb , w . m . , 1865

cymakra gardner , j . a . , 1937 type species : cymakra poncei gardner , j . a . , 1937

darbya bartsch , p . , 1934 type species : darbya lira bartsch , p . , 1934

diptychophlia berry , s . s . , 1964 type species : diptychophlia occata hinds , r . b . , 1843

etrema hedley , c . , 1918 type species : etrema aliciae melvill , j . c . & r . standen , 1895

etrema ( etrema ) hedley , c . , 1918 type species : etrema aliciae melvill , j . c . & r . standen , 1895

euclathurella woodring , w . p . , 1928 type species : clathurella vendryesiana dall , w . h . in guppy , r . j . l . & w . h . dall , 1896

clathromangelia monterosato , t . a . de m . di , 1884 type species : clathromangelia granum philippi , r . a . , 1844

glyphostoma gabb , w . m . , 1872 type species : glyphostoma dentiferum gabb , w . m . , 1873

glyphostoma ( glyphostoma ) gabb , w . m . , 1872 type species : glyphostoma dentiferum gabb , w . m . , 1873

glyphostoma ( euglyphostoma ) woodring , w . p . , 1970 type species : unknowngenustype

lienardia jousseaume , f . p . , 1884 type species : lienardia ( lienardia ) rubida hinds , r . b . , 1843

lienardia ( lienardia ) jousseaume , f . p . , 1884 type species : lienardia ( lienardia ) rubida hinds , r . b . , 1843

lienardia ( acrista ) hedley , c . , 1922 type species : lienardia ( acrista ) punctilla hedley , c . , 1922

lienardia ( hemilienardia ) böttger , o . , 1895 type species : lienardia ( hemilienardia ) malleti récluz , c . , 1852

microdrillia casey , t . l . , 1903 type species : microdrillia optima thiele , j . , 1925

mitrellatoma powell , a . w . b . , 1942 type species : mitrellatoma angustata hutton , f . w . , 1886

retidrillia mclean , j . h . , 2000 type species : retidrillia willetti dall , w . h . , 1919

scrinium hedley , c . , 1922 type species : scrinium brazieri smith , e . a . , 1891

strombinoturris hertlein , l . g . & a . m . strong , 1951 type species : unknowngenustype

tropidoturris kilburn , r . n . , 1986 type species : tropidoturris fossata fossata sowerby , g . b . iii , 1903

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the star system calculates the number of pieces that were handled by conchology , inc . in the last 15 years :

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nasturtium ( 1899 – 1916 ) was an american thoroughbred racehorse that was the top two-year-old colt of 1901 .

he was a contender for the 1902 epsom derby , but did not run in the race due to illness .

nasturtium ( horse )

nasturtium ( horse ) <EOT> the future of nasturtium . ; w . c . whitney ' s $ 50 , 000 horse , now at westbury , will be trained if it is possible .

with the headline : the future of nasturtium . ; w . c . whitney ' s $ 50 , 000 horse , now at westbury , will be trained if it is possible .

the future of nasturtium . ; w . c . whitney ' s $ 50 , 000 horse , now at westbury , will be trained if it is possible . - the new york times

inserted into a hanging basket at planting time , even as a few seeds , nasturtium quickly makes an impact and later it keeps going when other flowers have worn out .

épinard was commandeered by the germans during their occupation of france in world war ii and reportedly was last seen being worked as a cart horse .

an interesting problem to turfmen just now concerns the future of nasturtium , the fifty - thousand - dollar race horse , who was sent to england with the special purpose of winning the epsom derby for william c . whitney , and who was returned to the united states last week on the steamer minnehaha , after a sickness in england that caused mr . whitney ' s trainer to decide that it would be impossible to race the horse successfully in that country . view full article in timesmachine »

angelina , the dam of ordei ( who is the sire of nasturtium ' s dam ) ip a full tisler to st . simon , england ' s crack sire , and whoso stock hjve been freely imported to the colonies by breeders to use as sires . nasturtium has a treble strain of the stockwoll blood in him — two through his dam and one through his sire , — besides which watcrcress ' s dam is a hermit mare . nasturtium made his first appearance in a maiden , two - year - old , and beat 14 others ovpr five furlongs in lmin 1 4 - ssec . another of mr whitney ' s colts in goldsmith is highly spoken of by american judges , but when huggins saw the colts he immediately selected nasturtium . huggins had not , at the time of the colts ' arrival , returned to england , but his head man wa ; an charge of a

sow nasturtium seeds now , plant out seedlings if you have raised them , or buy some in pots . nasturtiums are very familiar flowers , often associated with cottage gardens . they tumble out from banks and rickety fences , and a great seaside flower too .

a handsome chestnut horse of great presence , épinard had an excellent shoulder and strong hindquarters but also had bad feet that were prone to thrush infections . his optimum distance was at a mile or a little more .

an irish country themed shop in kilkenny and horse and jockey selling art , clothes , accessories , equestrian gifts and homeware . opening hours : mon - sat : 10 : 00 - 18 : 00 sundays : high summer season

the third brett crawford - trained horse , sail south , is at his best when dropped out as he is capable of a blistering finish . he comes off a reasonable fourth place pipe - opening run in the drill hall .

although familiar , the nasturtium is native to south america . it is not hardy , and is killed by the first frost of autumn , but before then it will give masses of brilliant orange , yellow or red flowers . the flowers , and the peppery - tasting leaves , can be used in summer salads .

the big bay proved himself a top horse as a three - year - old . he finished a narrow second in the grade 1 cape guineas with the rest of the field well beaten and followed that with an unlucky fourth in a vintage sun met field .

roy had enough’s best form has been over course and distance and he is capable of running on strongly from off the pace . he has a better draw than he has been having and is a dark horse , although this is much tougher opposition than he has beaten here .

a half sister to stakes winners hawthorne and thornhill ( both by hastings ) , epine blanche was produced from unraced white thorn , a daughter of 1901 american champion 2 - year - old male nasturtium . the next dam in epinard ' s tail - female line , thorn blossom , was sired by martenhurst from the imported galopin mare eye sweet , an unraced daughter of the winning springfield mare whin blossom .

please complete your profile . the forums and the rest of urltoken has single sign - in , so your log in information for one will automatically work for the other . disclaimer : the opinions expressed here are the views of the individual and do not necessarily reflect the views and opinions of the chronicle of the horse .

below is a chart of the consensus american historical champions . apart from big red himself in 1919 and 1920 , all horses marked in orange are descendants of man o ' war . if you ' d like to check on any horse ' s pedigree , click here : urltoken . clicking this link will open the site in a new tab or window .

if you are new to the forums , you must login or register a free account before you can post . the forums and the rest of urltoken has single registration , so your log in information for one will automatically work for the other . disclaimer : the opinions expressed here are the views of the individual and do not necessarily reflect the views and opinions of the chronicle of the horse .

masda ( ch f 1915 ) , bred by august belmont , nursery stud , lexington , kentucky , full sister to man o ' war ( ch c 1917 ) , 3rd dam of the king ranch ' s triple crown winner assault ( ch c 1943 bold venture ) , champion colt and horse of the year in 1946 and inducted into the racing hall of fame in 1964 . family 4 - c .

“initially i only had a bit of a niggle in my shoulder but , when it didn’t go away , an mri scan revealed ligament and tendon damage that required an operation to repair . when the horse reared and fell , trapping my foot between her and the metalwork , i grabbed whatever i could to pull myself clear and that is when i did the damage . with the adrenalin pumping i didn’t realise anything was wrong .

now named alyssum , for the flower of course , the name also remembers one of the greatest of all hartford racehorses . alyssum ( the horse , ) excelled against the best of his generation at distances ranging from five furlongs ( the human equivalent of a 100 metres sprint at the olympics ) to ten furlongs ( the equivalent of the mile to humans ) , which exemplified not only his versatility , but also his abiding class .

according to turf historian richard ulbrich , é pinard ' s feet were so painful on the day of his match race with sir gallahad iii that he had to be literally dragged to the race course . abram s . hewitt , who actually witnessed the race , stated that the horse ' s connections were smacking him across the buttocks with a plank to get him to move to the starting line . nonetheless , é pinard lost the race by only a neck .

your forum sign - up is not complete , you must add an alias / screen name before you can post to the forums . your name and email is not exposed to forum users , only the screen name is accessible or viewable . the forums and the rest of urltoken has single sign - in , so your log in information for one will automatically work for the other . disclaimer : the opinions expressed here are the views of the individual and do not necessarily reflect the views and opinions of the chronicle of the horse .

friday night ' s food - and - wine pairing menu included butter - poached prawns with a pineapple - sage crème which worked so well with the la bri chardonnay 2011 . the starter comprised kzn quail and croft chicken - liver parfait and included fennel as well as a viola espuma , with tiny little colourful viola flowers that picked up on the slight spiciness and liquorice undertones of the syrah 2009 . other combinations included hearty lentil soup with nasturtium flowers and crispy capers . belgium , dark , bitter - chocolate fondant with fresh jasmine flowers , homemade berry jam and vanilla - bean ice cream smear , completed the meal . this was the combination irene was most concerned about . it turned out to be the dish she enjoyed the most because of its unusual pairing and complexity .

i don ' t think there are any ata - approved traks left in tx all the ata - approved trak stallions in tx have been retired , died , gelded , or sold out of the state . if onassis were still breeding he would definitely be your guy . but i think prince of prussia ( full brother to platinum von rappenhof ) stands in arkansas and there are 2 stallions in louisiana , hilife and monte . hilife is an attractive horse and competed as a hunter but imho his jumping form was not great . don ' t know about monte .

originally selected by mick ' s late father , bryan , shortly before his premature death in 1977 , a one third share in the r900 purchase heliotrope was the sum of mick ' s inheritance , though he did get the racing " disease " from his dad and grandfather , pat snr . yet it was this modest horse that ignited the fire which burns so brightly in the subsequent history of summerhill stud , the multiple champion racehorse breeding establishment on the continent , and of course , in the distinguished story of hartford , which was the subject of an exchange for the goss family property in hillcrest , just outside durban , in 1990 .

bred and owned by august belmont ii he was a a half brother to the ebor handicap and queen ' s vase winner golden measure ( ch c 1902 florizel ) and to the belmont stakes winner friar rock ( ch c 1913 rock sand ) . his dam fairy gold won the woodcote stakes at epsom defeating desmond ( bl c 1896 st . simon ) . standing 15 hands 3 inches he was described as a " very stylish , bloodlike colt , " and was thought to resemble hermit ( ch c 1864 newminster ) by several observers in england . although not an overly large horse , his trainer andrew d joyner suggested that he was " plenty big enough " .

he was the only consequential runner sired by derby winner sainfoin , who is more noted for being the dam ' s sire of both phalaris and hurry on . rock sand ' s dam , roquebrune , was a half - sister to dual - classic winner seabreeze , and daughter of the one thousand guineas winner st . marguerite and the undefeated st . simon . roquebrune ran three times in three seasons : she won ascot ' s new stakes as a juvenile , and doncaster ' s zetland stakes at age three . an exceptionally high - strung filly , she was called a " trainer ' s nightmare . " rock sand was likewise known as a temperamental horse , although it did not interfere with his racing .

captain america is the defending champion and should go close . he is a big horse but has run well fresh before . from draw four he might have a bit of a problem getting into his favourite box seat . snowdance , who is drawn three , is likely to lead and three - year - old undercover agent , drawn two , is thus in the ideal position to slot in behind her as he also likes to be handy . captain america thus might have to run one wide outside of his younger stablemate . however , he has relaxed well as he has gotten older so it should not be too much of a problem . both he and undercover agent can turn it on in the straight and will be big players .

in our continuing effort to provide an avenue for individuals to voice their opinions and experiences , we have recently reviewed and updated our forum policies . generally , we have allowed users to share their positive or negative experiences with or opinions of companies , products , trainers , etc . within the industry , and that is not changing . when it came to overt criminal allegations , however , those discussions have in the past needed to stem from a report by a reputable news source or action by law enforcement or the legal system . we are now expanding our policies to allow posters to share their own first - hand experiences involving overt criminal allegations , such as animal abuse or neglect , theft , etc . , but only if they publicly provide their full first and last name along with the post . we still will not allow anonymous postings alleging criminal activity . so , a user may now make a specific claim against a named individual or company , but it must be a first - hand account , and they have to identify themselves . users have always been legally responsible for their posts , and nothing has changed there , but we want to loosen the reins a bit and further allow the free flow of discussion and information relevant to the horse community . we are not providing a free - for - all of anonymous rumor - mongering . as enduring advocates for the welfare of the horse , we want to provide a forum for those willing to sign their name and shine a light on issues of concern to them in the industry . the full revised rules are posted at the top of each forum for reference .

ch c 1923 ( fair play - quelle chance , by ethelbert ) . sire line matchem . family 3 - c . bred by august belmont ii he won the jockey club gold cup and aqueduct handicap and was champion racehorse and horse of the year in 1927 . he covered at calumet farm in lexington , kentucky and got , among others , the hopeful stakes winner psychic bid ( ch c 1932 ) , the kentucky jockey club stakes winner grand slam ( ch c 1933 ) and the futurity stakes winner some chance ( ch c 1939 ) all later stallions . chance play also got the champion filly now what ( ch f 1937 ) herself the dam of the twice champion filly next move ( br f 1947 bull lea ) . he led the sires list in 1935 and 1944 . chance play died in 1950 .

épinard played a significant if indirect role in arthur hancock ' s decision to form a syndicate to buy sir gallahad iii as a stallion prospect . as turf historian william robertson put it , hancock reasoned that if épinard was a good enough stud prospect to attract wealthy american horsemen willing to buy him , a horse that had beaten him ( albeit with the help of an 11 - pound weight concession and a flare - up of épinard ' s chronic foot soreness ) was a still better one . hancock was right , as sir gallahad iii became a four - time american champion sire and 12 - time american champion broodmare sire while standing at hancock ' s claiborne farm . further , because of sir gallahad iii ' s early successes in the united states , his full brother bull dog was also imported and also became an american champion sire and broodmare sire .

st . florian , tl . e sire of ard patrick , belongs to bruce lowe ' s xo . 20 family , and no horse of that family has ever sired a classic winner until mr gubbins ' s irisbbrecl colt captured this year ' s blue ribbon , and on that account the ' •special commit bioner " of the london . sportsman did n ' »t greatly fa \ our the colt ' t , derby chance when writing of thi - > year ' a derby colta some few months back . this year ' s dorby will be numbered amongst the most sen«atioi . al on record , on account of the onoimous amount of wage - r - ing which took place over the event . the amount < > i money for whu - ii sceptre was suppoitcd vould , if tho usbta new - , i ^ correct , i - end her out the hottest fnvumite that ! ia - < ever started in the race . she started at evens in a field of 17 , and was - supported in one night to win half a million of money . ard patrick has been a good performer both during his two - year - old career oncl thii season . ard patrick made his first appearance as a two - year - old in the imperial - produce stakes at kempton park , winch lie won in good style . he also won the clearwell stakes at newmarket , but he was beaten a head in th© dewhur - i , plate by game chick . this season ard patrick . was third to sceptre and pistol in the two thousand guineas , and subsequently won the newmarket stakes , but was disqualified for bumping , the race going to the carbine colt fowling pier - e . ard patrick has been one of the ruling favourites during the winter and the spring of this year , and has been consistently supported for tho race he has just won . some few years ago , when the £10 , 000 stakes given by proprietary clubs sprang . into existence , many writers said that the english derby stood an excellent chance of being knocked into oblivion by theee colossal stakes ; but the famous iace has during the patt two or three years taken a fresh lea = e of life , and now sportsmen and bre - eders are patronising it with renewed interest .

papers past | the americans in england . ( otago witness , 1902 - 02 - 26 )

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last year ' s derby winner , volodyovski . the americans have captured two english derbys up to date — one with iroquois and one with volodyovski , — and the decision of this year ' s blue ribbon , which i 3 down for june 4 , will be looked forward to with considerable interest by sportsmen all the world over .

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the americans in england . , otago witness , issue 2502 , 26 february 1902

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color : ch ( usa ) 1901 : won flatbush stakes , 2nd . great american stakes . purchased for $ 50 , 000 on june 22 , 1901 generally ranked as the u . s . champion two - year - old male of 1901 , but was probably not the equal of his stablemate , the champion filly endurance by right - he defeated her in the flatbush stakes but had been declared to win by their owner . article on colt ` s return from england and illness : urltoken sent to elmendorf in 1903 per ny times . 2 / 1903 ( close )

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channel island flower essences originated over 12 years ago in the beautiful , energetic and dynamic channel islands focusing on flowers , grasses and tree essences . created by susie morvan .

channel island flower essences are produced using the finest organic french brandy and bronte natural spring water to provide you with most natural and purest flower essence .

flower essences are the vibrational energy imprint of flowers infused in water using the sun method as advocated by dr edward bach in the beginning the last century . flower essences are described to work on the subtle body , the aura or magnetic energy field that surrounds a human being .

channel island flower essences are manufactured under strict guidelines and codes of practice of the bafep ( british association of flower essence producers ) and the bfvea ( the british flower and vibrational essence association ) with the purest of ingredients of organic french brandy and bronte spring water . the personal space enhancing mist is manufactured using the finest organic vodka and bronte spring water . they are produced to the highest standards of quality control in a specialist factory facility with brc grade a standing and organic accreditation in line with the foods standards agency .

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we courier to your door within 2 - 4 days all over south - africa for only r 99 .

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imposing - princess dan ( mr dan ) dp = 0 - 2 - 2 - 0 - 0 ( 4 ) di = 3 . 00 cd = 0 . 50

* all statistics are generated from blacktypepedigree data , which include black - type races since 2002 .

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since the selection of champions before 1936 was somewhat haphazard , turf journalists and historians eventually got together to select the historical champions . this means that man o’ war , whose stud career spanned the years 1921 through 1943 , finally had the chance to include his most productive period at stud . now , not only do we honor the sole “official” champion war admiral in 1937 , we also recognize the selected champions american flag , florence nightingale , maid at arms , scapa flow , crusader , edith cavell , and bateau . all were champion offspring of man o’ war before the more modern championship balloting process began .

champions , there are more lists available . first is the list of american classic winners , second is a list of the thoroughbred racing hall of fame inductees with man o ' war blood , and the third is the top racehorses of the 20th century according to various polls .

please note : you cannot have more than one type of tack or more than one background equipped . for example , trying to equip a second saddle will just replace the currently equipped saddle with the new saddle .

100 show placings points : 10 prize : $ 2000 objective : earn 1st 2nd or 3rd place in 100 shows .

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six generations for : ellangowan spy valley ( wpb g2137 - 11 . 11 . 04 - gelding ) by ellangowan challanger from ellangowan macaraina

he is one of the hottest chefs in london , the up - and - coming star of a hugely competitive culinary scene that demands rare levels of talent , innovation and determination . robin gill has just been named the uk ' s chef of the year by the good food guide , an award that puts him right up there with the very biggest names in the business . but in his native ireland , he remains very much under the radar .

robin and his wife sarah run three of the most talked about restaurants in london . this august , they added paradise garage in bethnal green to a burgeoning chain that began with the dairy in clapham and continued with the much - lauded manor . and it all began in a run - down irish pub in one of the less glamorous corners of south west london , where a sudden flash of inspiration interrupted a post - work , early - hours pint .

robin ( 35 ) and sarah ( 34 ) first met when they were in their early 20s and he was doing a short stint working in a restaurant in dun laoghaire , where they both grew up . " it was a really fun place to work , and i knew a lot of people there , " robin says . " i got invited to the staff christmas party and sarah was working there , so we met , and we ' ve been together ever since . "

robin ' s early career saw him go straight from school to working in restaurants in dublin and then progressing through the " stage " system , where young chefs with lots of promise intern in the top kitchens . it ' s a tough , often unforgiving system . soon after they met , sarah went over to italy to join robin while he was on a stage at the two - michelin star ristorante don alfonso on the amalfi coast . then it was back to london in 2004 , for two years at le manoir aux quat ' saisons where he worked under raymond blanc .

" it is an amazing way to learn the business and to develop your skills , you are working under the best , " says robin . " but there is a big element of having to prove yourself . it ' s long hours , hard work , a fair bit of pressure . " sarah had also joined the front of house team at le manoir . and then the french - born super - chef asked them both to head up his latest venture , a five - star dining and hospitality private members club at the emirates stadium , home to premier league football team arsenal . " it was called the diamond club and it was the first time anybody had tried to do fine dining at a football club , " says sarah . " robin was the head chef for two years . at first i was only supposed to go in and train the staff , but i ended up working there myself for seven years . "

it was a big break for robin , working for the high - rollers who paid £80 , 000 just to join and an annual membership fee of £30 , 000 to dine on match days . but he didn ' t find it the most rewarding experience of his career . " i wanted to be out of there after the first week , " he says . " but i had made a commitment , so i ended up there for two years , mostly out of loyalty to raymond . "

the couple , who married in florence in 2011 , both knew that what they really wanted was to set up their own restaurant . that is easier said than done in london , where sky - high rents , operating costs and tough competition make it a huge challenge . " you are not gordon ramsay , you are not jason atherton . when you are a nobody , the only venue you are going to be offered is the last piece of crap on the market , " explains robin . following a short but very lucrative stint as the personal chef to a middle eastern head of state , by 2012 robin had gotten some savings together alongside offers of backing from some of the well - heeled clientele who had sampled his cooking at arsenal .

but they didn ' t have a venue . and that ' s where what was possibly the worst irish pub in london came in . " we were living in clapham , and this used to be a pretty shabby old irish pub . a real late - night den , an absolute dive , " says robin . " it only opened a couple of nights a week but stayed open until 6am so i could come for a couple of drinks after finishing up in town . we had been looking for a place to start for nearly three years and getting nowhere . i was really starting to wonder if we could find a place at all . then i was in here one night and the guy who owned it was telling me that he was thinking of selling up the lease and moving on . "

it was a bit of a light - bulb moment for robin and sarah . they scraped together the cash to get the lease and then started calling in favours from friends . " we didn ' t have an interior decorator . we couldn ' t afford one , " says sarah . " a friend of ours , an irish guy , did all of the artwork . we tore down walls , got friends in to help strip wallpaper and sand floors , we were still waiting for paint to dry about an hour before we opened that first night . "

that was in early 2013 , and soon they started getting hugely positive reviews in time out , in the guardian and pretty much from everybody in the know . " it was very stressful , because we just started getting reviewed , and we hadn ' t had the time or the money to do a proper opening , we didn ' t even know how these reviewers were hearing about us , " says sarah . " and it ' s london , so a good or bad review from a big magazine or paper , well , it can make or break you . "

the gills , however , were very much made . since then , the dairy and the manor - which opened in clapham in november 2014 - have become destination dining spots , with people flying in to london just to sample robin ' s fantastic cooking .

it has been a meteoric rise for the couple . when we meet , it ' s clear they make a dynamic team . robin has his skills and creativity in the kitchen while sarah , who studied marketing before getting into the restaurant trade , brings a lot to the table in terms of hard work , organisation and vision . both of them are very focused on the business of the restaurant trade in london .

their son , ziggy , is almost a year old and has virtually grown up in the restaurant . sarah can be seen in the dairy on busy saturdays , handing out menus to the lunchtime crowd with one hand while holding ziggy on her hip with the other . " it ' s been a bit mad . and we are trying to cut back on the hours , it ' s very important with our son being so young . so we ' ll take a break after christmas , and head off for a month , " says sarah .

" we work together most days and it can be a bit high - pressure , running three restaurants . you could end up just working flat - out , every hour god sends . that would not be the life we want . we ' re both conscious of getting that balance right , of being able to step back and take a break when we can . "

robin is already looking at offers for a newspaper column , his first cook - book , possible tv work . but when he talks about the fisherman in cornwall who texts him at 4am to say what kind and quantity of fish he will be sending up that morning , or the guy who grows his veg , it ' s clear to see that his main focus is still on the food .

and london is taking notice . apart from the stellar reviews , crowds of customers and awards , robin is now hosting a semi - legendary late - night dining club for his fellow chefs from the city ' s best eateries , a once - a - month bacchanalian bash known as the bloodshot supper club .

the restaurant crowd only sit down for their starters at 1am and it goes on all night . it ' s almost as if this irish chef is preserving one small bit of the spirit of the worst irish bar in london .

jason o ' neill , head chef at the g hotel , shares this tempting recipe .

go that little bit further and have fun with fish ! jason o ' neill , head chef at the g hotel , shares some tempting recipes .

g hotel ' s head chef : how to make grilled black sole , potato , charred broccoli , cauliflower , . . .

fsai issues urgent recall of frozen vegetables from major irish supermarkets over . . .

' it’s her choice but there are myths about it ' - language expert on maura derrane ' s . . .

' the whole world of make - believe for kids seems to be gone ' - clare garrihy on how . . .

if you dream of giving it all up and running away to the ballymaloe . . .

when my children were small and i was faced with the terrifying prospect of entertaining 20 of their tiny friends on their . . .

the sun is high in a cloudless sky as i retreat down the broad servants - entrance steps to a cool fitzwilliam square . . .

review : fowl play - ' filipino - style pork belly skewers are sweet , sticky and . . .

' is it over yet ? " apparently not , there ' s another . . .

recipe : roast turbot , fondant potato , girolles , prawns , asparagus , prawn bisque , . . .

go that little bit further and have fun with fish ! jason . . .

the votes are in ! here are ireland ' s top 10 . . .

new york is the greatest three - day town on earth . when . . .

is the tiger back in d4 ? acclaimed architects return with black terrace for €2 . 4m

from super - connies and concordes to jumbo jets and dc - . . .

after two years of construction and restoration , belfast ' s titanic hotel has officially . . .

watch : ' i call him my little buddha ' - couple who run dublin tattoo parlour . . .

watch : did you know there ' s a ' little venice ' ? it ' s on the greek island of mykonos . . .

with the tennis season upon us , here ' s a twist of the . . .

watch : take a look inside these luxurious millionaire ' s row apartments in . . .

the big green egg - a hand - made ceramic egg which is made in the same factory as a . . .

before the frost kills it , the plant provides lots of large rounded seeds - - which are not killed by frost , having a layer of corky insulation - - and these will usually sprout the following year and continue the show at no expense .

nasturtiums can be planted on earthen banks or at the top of low retaining walls or raised beds , where they can fall down and trail along the ground . the effect of a rippling flow of foliage and flowers is very pretty , especially over gravel . the plant is strongly associated with summer because it is certain that none of the foliage will be there in winter .

nasturtiums are ideal for planting against rough fences as , if they can get a grip , they will scramble upwards rather than trail down . the plant can be used as a temporary filler and colour - provider to improve messy areas .

because of the trailing habit of growth , nasturtiums can be used successfully in containers , especially hanging baskets and window boxes , and in pots where they can trail over the edge .

sow seeds anywhere that a few plants would be of value . the ground should be good but not very rich , as the plant tends to make a lot of leaves in very fertile soil . the position should be sunny to get as much balanced growth and flowering as possible .

the seeds can be sown in small pots of compost , three or four to a pot . when they are about five centimetres tall , they can be planted out into the ground where they are going to grow , or in containers . alternatively , the seeds can be sown directly into the soil where they are to grow .

the large seeds are robust and almost always succeed , and this makes them very suitable for children to try . watch for snails until the plants grow large . sometimes cabbage white butterflies lay eggs on the leaves and the caterpillars can strip the leaves . pick off the egg batches if noticed .

' peter was adamant , there was to be no coving and no range , " marita varley explains with a big smile , as she points out the coving on the ceiling in her kitchen and the waterford stanley range , against which she is warming her bum .

if you are in the market for a georgina - era mansion , then here are four impressive properties currently available to buy .

massive holiday home on the wild atlantic way which has its own private beach is up for . . .

' i will derail gravy train in the legal industry ' - shane ross vows to clampdown on . . .

years ago when i was selling my first house in a bid to . . .

moynalty in co meath is a relatively modern village ( by irish standards at least ) , having been laid out to a linear plan . . .

balally is one of the four park and ride stops on the luas green line ; you can park your car there for €5 a day and read a . . .

fans of the chronicles of narnia , the seven - novel cs lewis saga , might be forgiven for opening the bedroom wardrobes in . . .

jim fitzpatrick , the artist best known for bringing us our celtic myths in vivid colour , bought his victorian house by the . . .

it has been many decades now since douglas lost its identity as a quiet , conscientious village near cork and became . . .

massive holiday home on the wild atlantic way which has its own private beach is up . . .

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dark bay / brown colt , 1900 - 1914 by sainfoin - roquebrune by st . simon darley arabian sire line : stockwell branch family 4 - n .

although he was a top juvenile racehorse and english triple crown winner , rock sand is not generally considered among history ' s elite runners . his losses , by three lengths to ard patrick and the great race mare sceptre in the eclipse stakes , to sceptre by four lengths in the jockey club stakes , and to zinfandel and sceptre in the coronation cup , being conceded weight in the first two , has always cast a cloud on his racing quality . he left an excellent racing son in tracery , whose grandson , congreve would become one of the most influential stallions ever in south america , and through tracery his sire line also continued in england to papyrus , and in australasia through pantheon and archery . in the u . s . , his good staying son friar rock got the fast , long - running handicapper pilate , sire of the game , weight - carrying and speedy eight thirty . but it was through his daughters that rock sand has the most significant impact on the breed .

the chestnut trap rock was another foal of 1908 ; he was out of topiary , the mare that had been imported with rock sand . he won the hudson and manhassett stakes and three other races , and was second in the great american stakes . very similar in appearance to his more famous brother , tracery , with the exception of his coat color , he was a successful sire of winners of over $ 385 , 000 , and was several times in the top twenty of leading broodmare sires in the 1920s .

tracery ( 1909 ) was rock sand ' s best runner and best sire son . he was out of topiary , and similar in appearance to his year - older brother , trap rock , but brown in color . he was an elegant animal , and game on the turf , but was plagued by spavins early in his career . because of the racing blackout , belmont sent him to england to race . he was placed in the hands of leopold de rothschild ' s trainer , john watson , at newmarket , but went unraced at age two due to spavins and / or other problems . his very first race as a three - year - old was the epsom derby , for which he was not prepared , and he ran third to tagalie and jaeger , beaten by four lengths .

in 1909 several american mares bred to rock sand were shipped to france , and dropped their foals there . one of these was the st . florian daughter , queen ' s bower . in 1909 at haras de villiers , she dropped qu ' elle est belle . she won over 120 , 000 francs , her triumphs including the prix la rochette and the prix de diane ( french oaks ) . sent to the u . s . , qu ' elle est belle dropped quelle chance ( 1917 , by ethelbert ) , the dam of the great fair play sons chance play ( 1923 , jockey club gold cup , saratoga cup ) and chance shot ( 1924 , belmont stakes , saratoga special , withers stakes ) . both colts became good sires , with chance play leading sire twice in the u . s . , and chance shot sire of champion filly fairy chant , among other good stakes winners .

vulcain ( 1910 ) was born in france from lady of the vale . she was by rayon d ' or and out of lady violet , a mare belmont purchased as a yearling who had been a terrific weight - carrier and excellent juvenile runner and later the dam of four stakes winners . lady of the vale was one of the in - foal mares that crossed the atlantic to haras de villers . vulcain was not an impressive juvenile , but at age three was one of the best of his generation in france , winning the prix miss gladiator ( 2100 meters ) , the prix noailles ( 2200 meters ) , and the prix reiset ( 3000 meters ) , and running third in the prix juigne and prix daru . belmont later brought him to the u . s . , where as a stallion he got 21 stakes winners , mostly high - class handicappers .

mahubah ( 1910 ) was and is rock sand ' s most celebrated daughter , although she was not the only one to contribute to his excellence as a broodmare sire . out of the merry hampton daughter , imported merry token , and bred at nursery stud , she ran three times as a juvenile and twice at age three , winning a maiden race . her importance derives from her famous son , man o ' war , the great chestnut racehorse and stallion , and to a lesser extent his brother , jockey club gold cup winner and useful sire , my play , and their sister masdah , a winner of six races and dam of three stakes winners .

danger rock ( 1912 ) out of delusion , by meddler , was bred by belmont and raced in england during the war . an elegant animal , he was cursed with rock sand ' s temperament . he won the 1 - 1 / 2 mile hastings plate and the newmarket stakes . during the running of the zetland plate , his off fore pastern was damaged , ending his career . belmont sent him to the u . s . , where he was placed in the middleburg , virginia , stud of raymond belmont . danger rock was not a particularly useful sire , but he did get the gelded stakes winner doctor wilson ( 1925 ) , bred by john madden , who collected $ 49 , 236 in earnings .


microplophorus is a genus of beetles in the family cerambycidae , containing the following species : microplophorus calverti philippi in germain , 1897 microplophorus magellanicus blanchard in gay , 1851 microplophorus penai galileo , 1987

microplophorus

microplophorus <EOT> blanchard in gay , 1851 . accessed at : urltoken ; = 989604 on 2018 - 07 - 09

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the longhorn beetle has been found eating dead trees at hill cove and teal inlet . it has been accidentally introduced to the islands from southern chile or argentina .

luckily for us , this species prefers to eat dead trees but some species can be serious pests , causing severe damage to living trees or timbers used in construction . the asian long - horned beetle is one of the most destructive non - native insects in the united states .


the genus spilogale includes all skunks commonly known as spotted skunks and is composed of four different species : s. gracilis , s. putorius , s. pygmaea , s. angustifrons .

spotted skunk

spotted skunk <EOT> not all skunk spray is the same . the striped skunk , spotted skunk and hog nosed skunk all have different compounds present in their defensive secretion .

“most people think a skunk is a skunk is a skunk , ” dowler says .

entryway to a male eastern spotted skunk’s den . photo courtesy of virginia tech .

© copyright roger barbour . all rights reserved . spilogale putorius - - eastern spotted skunk

morphological changes in the blastocyst of the western spotted skunk during activation from delayed implantation .

eastern spotted skunk being fitted with a radio collar . photo courtesy of virginia tech .

they found another spotted skunk two days later , on the survey ' s last day .

island spotted skunk - channel islands national park ( u . s . national park service )

island spotted skunks on the two islands differ only slightly , with those on santa rosa spotted skunk being slightly longer than those on santa cruz .

expression of epidermal growth factor receptor in the preimplantation uterus and blastocyst of the western spotted skunk .

frostburg state university conducted meso - carnivore surveys within the believed range of the eastern spotted skunk .

the eastern spotted skunk is a very small skunk , which ( for comparison sake ) is no larger than a good - sized tree squirrel .

inhabits the western half of the united states . some taxonomists call the western spotted skunk a subspecies of

you are here : home > natural history > nature notes by dr . frank lang > spotted skunk

morphological changes in the blastocyst of the western spotted skunk during activation from delayed implantation . - pubmed - ncbi

the spotted skunk is not found in new england or the north - central states . spotted skunks are less common and occur most frequently in the highlands of the state .

the eastern spotted skunk ( spilogale putorius ) is a small , relatively slender skunk found throughout the eastern united states and in small areas of canada and mexico .

information on the western spotted skunk ( spilogale gracilis ) is being researched and written and will appear here shortly .

the western spotted skunk is classified as least concern ( lc ) on the iucn red list ( 1 ) .

expression of epidermal growth factor receptor in the preimplantation uterus and blastocyst of the western spotted skunk . - pubmed - ncbi

a western spotted skunk stands on its hands to deliver a smelly attack . ( credit : jerry w . dragoo )

northeastern state university and dickinson state university are currently studying “fringe mammals” in western north dakota . this includes eastern spotted skunk .

jellison , w . l . 1945 . spotted skunk and feral nutria in montana . j . mammal . 26 . 432 pp .

• determine presence of eastern spotted skunk in the state . • develop a protocol to monitor the eastern spotted skunk in the state . • develop research to define ecology , resource needs , and population dynamics of this species in the state if found to be present .

since insects are the spotted skunk ' s primary source of food , spotted skunks play an important role in insect control . they may also affect predator populations ( great horned owls ) , as items of prey .

flath , d . 1978 . written communication of western spotted skunk observation and specimen collection to montana natural heritage program , helena , mt .

kaplan , j . , r . mead . 1994 . seasonal changes in testicular function and seminal characteristics of the male eastern spotted skunk .

the eastern spotted skunk ranges from northeastern mexico through the great plains to the canadian border and throughout the southeastern united states north to pennsylvania .

i first spotted this plant last year while out picking . . . read more

eastern spotted skunk ready to be fitted with a radio collar for the dgif - funded virginia tech research study . photo courtesy of virginia tech .

if you see a spotted skunk , especially in the eastern half of the state or the panhandle , robert dowler would like to know about it . report your sighting to him at skunk . project @ urltoken .

click to enlarge this image . ( 25kb ) spilogale putorius ( eastern spotted skunk ) , appalachian trail click to enlarge this image . ( 326kb )

the species of greatest conservation concern is the eastern spotted skunk , or plains spotted skunk , which is found in the eastern half of texas and the panhandle and in the eastern united states . the u . s . fish and wildlife service is considering listing it as a threatened or endangered species .

embed this arkive thumbnail link ( " portlet " ) by copying and pasting the code below . < a href = " urltoken " title = " arkive species - western spotted skunk ( spilogale gracilis ) " > < img src = " urltoken " alt = " arkive species - western spotted skunk ( spilogale gracilis ) " title = " arkive species - western spotted skunk ( spilogale gracilis ) " border = " 0 " / > < / a >

: the spotted skunk is the smaller and less common of the two skunks inhabiting the park and has been recorded up to 2 , 900 feet elevation .

loss of riparian areas is a major concern for eastern spotted skunk . it uses these areas to hunt , and also dens in logs and brush piles .

average size spotted skunks , weighing 1 to 4 pounds , are smaller than striped skunks .

the eastern spotted skunk is often confused with the more common striped skunk which is a different species . as you can see from the diagram above , compared to spotted skunks , striped skunks are larger in size ( although young striped skunks are often confused with spotteds ) and lack the distinctive spots compared to stripes along their body . more information on the natural history of eastern spotted skunks can be found here .

jellison , w . c . 1931 . little spotted skunk ( spilogale gracilis saxatilis ) , recorded for montana . journal of mammalogy . v12 . page 314 .

mead , r . a . 1968 . reproduction in western forms of the spotted skunk ( genus spilogale ) . journal of mammalogy 49 : 373 - 390 .

recently described as a separate species from the eastern spotted skunk because of differences in color pattern , cranial features , reproductive physiology , and breeding season ; the western spotted skunk is neither endangered nor threatened . it is adapting readily to the new sources of food and habitats provided by civilization ( davis and schmidley 1994 ) .

the eastern spotted skunk was once a widespread species across the midwestern and southeastern states , with harvests exceeding 100 , 000 animals a year for pelts . in the 1940s , populations seemed to crash across the animal’s range . texas put the plains spotted skunk on its watch list and awarded dowler a contract to assess its status .

a year later , he finally got rid of the skunk , though the use of the freezer never quite returned to pre - skunk levels .

island spotted skunks are only about a third as large as their competitor , the island fox .

jellison , w . l . 1945 . general notes : spotted skunk and feral nutria in montana . journal of mammalogy . 26 ( 4 ) : 432 - 443 .

we are all familiar with the striped skunk . bambi ' s friend flower and pepe le pew were striped skunks . in southern oregon we have another , less commonly seen skunk ; spilogale putorius , the spotted skunk , civet , or polecat . spilogale is the greek word for spotted polecat : putorius is latin for stench . some mammalogists consider our more slender western version , s . gracilis , a separate species . gracilis means slender .

eastern spotted skunks are mostly nocturnal . spotted skunks are much more alert and active than most skunks . when threatened , a foul - smelling oily secretion from the skunk ' s anal glands can be projected up to 4 m and is usually directed at the face of the threatening animal . the spotted skunk is noted for its characteristic " handstand " stance that it takes when threatened . before spraying its opponent , this skunk raises up on its front legs and turns its head to watch as it sprays . it is also the only member of the skunk family that can climb . ( davis and schmidley 1994 , grzmek 1972 )

( common skunk ) , with remarks on the physiological properties of this secretion .

1990 . new components in defensive secretion of the striped skunk , mephitis mephitis .

eastern spotted skunk is widely distributed and was once common but no overall population estimate is available . currently this species is classified as vulnerable ( vu ) and its numbers today are decreasing .

range channel islands spotted skunks currently occur only on santa cruz and santa rosaislands where they are widely distributed . spotted skunks occurred on san miguel island , probably until the late nineteenth century . fossil material has been collected on san miguel island and a spotted skunk was reportedly collected from san miguel island sometime during the 1870s . however , there have been no records of skunks on san miguel since then .

the spraying of the extremely foul - smelling fluid from the tail end of a skunk is something that predators , and spouses of skunk researchers , don’t soon forget .

hooded skunk : the hooded skunk looks much like the striped , but has a ruff of fur around the neck , and a very long , lush white plume for a tail . hog - nosed skunk : this is the least common skunk ; it is all white on the top of head , back , and tail . the underparts are black . there is a bare patch of skin on this skunk’s long nose .

nowhere in its range is the spotted skunk as common as the striped skunk , and in recent years it has declined drastically due to loss of habitat . formerly , the plains spotted skunk subspecies ( spilogale putorius interrupta ) was most common in the western half of the state , but it is now extremely rare and is listed as endangered in missouri . the decline is due to “clean” farming , which eliminates cover this species requires . pesticides have hastened the decline of these insectivores .

the average spotted skunk litter size is 3 to 5 . the young of both species are born blind and are not weaned until 8 to 9 weeks of age . family units stay together until fall

the spotted skunk has a range that covers most of the us and mexico , although the species is a bit less populous than the striped skunk . even less common are the hooded and hog - nosed species , which are only native to parts of the midwest , southwest and mexico .

when texas parks and wildlife department mammalogist jonah evans came across a road - killed spotted skunk and decided to save the specimen in the freezer at work , his co - workers were less than enthusiastic .

it is distinguished from spotted skunk subspecies on the mainland by its shorter tail and less white abdominal coloration , slightly larger size , broader skull , and proportionately less white and blacker in the fur . like the mainland subspecies , the island spotted skunks exhibit sexual size differences , with males averaging 28 % larger than females . this skunk is considerably smaller than striped skunks on the mainland and has softer , glossier fur .

= 0 . 034 ) . a posteriori tests revealed nonsignificant effects of overall predator abundance on the likelihood of pausing and scan length . there was a significant interaction between shape and skunk abundance with animals more likely to pause at skunk - shaped models with increasing skunk abundance (

the most well - known skunk characteristic is , of course , its ability to spray .

, 1982 . chemical constituents of the defensive secretion of the striped skunk ( mephitis mephitis ) .

evans’ sticky note that said “do not eat” on the skunk’s ziploc bag wasn’t too funny either .

dowler and evans both want to know more about how the different skunk species divide up habitat .

ooooh , that smell . . . must be skunk : the humane society of the united states

dowler’s team is in the process of surveying 10 sites to find where the eastern spotted skunk is , and isn’t . at each site , his team uses 120 traps or detection devices , checked daily during a weeklong survey .

reproduction the breeding season for spotted skunks on the islands is probably similar to spotted skunks on the mainland . western spotted skunks mate in september and october , and following delayed implantation and a 210 - 310 day gestation , give birth in april and may to 2 - 6 . counts of three and five uterine scars were recorded from two skunks collected at santa cruz island in september .

as north america ' s smallest skunk , these nocturnal mammals weigh two pounds or less and are under 20 inches long . the weasel - like spotted skunk differs from other skunks by its extremely silky fur and an arrangement of irregular elongated white patches the length of its body . spotty ' s tail is tipped in white .

striped skunks are native to north america , and can be found in northern mexico , throughout the united states , and as far north as central canada . other species of skunks , such as the spotted skunk and the hog - nosed skunk , can be found further south , ranging from canada to central and south america . stink badgers , which resemble the hog - nosed skunk , are strictly found in the philippines , malaysia , and indonesia . the striped skunk can be found throughout florida , except for in the keys .

image source : photo taken by the skunk stripe at the san bernardino county museum , with permission .

i had an encounter with a skunk a few years back which ended very quickly . the reason ?

a striped skunk skull description : similar to a mink skull but larger . photo credits : dallas virchow

their markings are different , too . spotted skunks have multiple , broken white stripes , plus spots on the rump and the head .

conservation status according to the iucn red list ( 2008 ) , the western spotted skunk is listed as least concern as they are widely distributed in a variety of habitats including human altered habitats . the species may be declining in parts of the united states but not at a rate fast enough to be threatened . in contrast , prior to the recent upswing in skunk numbers on the islands , the island spotted skunk was thought to be rare , and was listed as a species of special concern by the state of california . when the island spotted skunk had a small population and was not well - studied , the skunk that time was designated as a species of concern . however , recent surveys now show a remarkable recovery in the species . on santa rosa island , skunks are marked and counted during annual population monitoring for island foxes , and as of 2011 there were approximately 3 , 000 skunks on santa rosa island .

the most common and recognized skunk species in north america is the striped skunk , whose range extends from the southern half of canada to the northernmost parts of mexico , covering most of the continental united states .

the western spotted skunk is as cute as a button , and pretty nifty too . before spraying predators in the face with pungent chemicals , the little creature hops up onto its forelimbs and charges forward . this behavior is meant to intimidate foes , but if you aren’t on the receiving end of the skunk’s stinky ire , it’s delightful to watch .

the hooded skunk ( mephitis macroura ) is primarily a mexican species that has been known to inhabit the big bend region of texas . it is more secretive than the striped skunk , with which it is often confused . the hooded skunk has longer , softer fur and a hood of longer hair on the neck and head . it has two color patterns : a white back similar to the hog - nosed skunk , and a black back with white stripes similar to the striped skunk . hooded skunks eat mice , insects and occasionally prickly pear cactus . it is the rarest skunk in texas , though it is abundant in mexico .

badger : the badger is a wide - bodied , short - legged creature of about 22 pounds . it has a distinctive white stripe running over its forehead and down its nose . its coat is shaggy , with a yellowish brown color . spotted skunk : the spotted skunk is easy to identify . smaller than the other skunks at about 2 pounds , its bold black and white pattern resembles spots instead of stripes . the tail is black at the base and white at the tip .

striped skunks , hog - nosed , and hooded skunks breed in february and march and the babies are born in may and june . spotted skunks breed either later in the spring , in early summer , or in the fall — as is the case with western spotted skunks .

eastern spotted skunks are very good at catching rodents . they sometimes knock down beehives to get the honeycomb , despite being stung many times .

image source ( skunk only ) : robert barber / painet inc . , illinois department of natural resources .

from the back of a pickup , they patrol properties at night , when the skunks are out , and scan the countryside with spotlights and flashlights . when they see one , they’ll bang on the roof of the pickup , yell “skunk ! skunk ! ” and jump out in a mad dash to capture the skunk .

these methods worked to remove the skunk odor from my home and they should work for you , too .

skunk plasti - catch cage trap manufactured by minnesota plasti - catch provides a safer way to capture skunks .

western spotted skunks are a bit smaller than the more common striped skunk , and their coat patterns are much more complex . they also seem to have something of an exhibitionist streak : when spraying their trademark noxious musk , western spotted skunks will occasionally flip themselves into a handstand , legs and bushy tail akimbo , as a jet of foul - smelling chemicals shoots from glands on their posteriors .

did you know that it is estimated that spotted skunks have undergone a > 99 % decline range - wide since the 1940 ' s . unfortunately , because we know so little about the eastern spotted skunk , we still don ' t completely understand the reason for this decline or even where the species still persists . more information on the conservation status of the species can be found here .

habitat spotted skunks on the channel islands show habitat preferences similar to those reportedfor the mainland subspecies . based on radio telemetry studies , spotted skunks on santa cruz island showed a preference for chaparral - grassland , open grassland , fennel - grassland , and ravines . on santa rosa island , spotted skunks were found to be associated with rocky canyon slopes , cactus patches , chaparral , coastal sage scrub , open woodland , other scrub - grassland communities , and riparian habitat along streams . on both islands , the species has also been recorded in or under human dwellings and ranch outbuildings . the elevational range of the channel islands spotted skunk extends from sea level to approximately 2000 feet .

i was surprised to learn there are four types of skunks in north america : striped , spotted , hog nose and hooded . photos of each are shown below . a wild skunk ' s lifespan is only a few years , but a domesticated pet skunk can - - with proper medical care and a good diet - - live more than a decade .

sadly , texas is not one of the states that allows pet skunks , so i will probably never have one of my own . however , if i could have a pet skunk , i think my choice would be the spotted skunk . not only are they unique looking , they are also the smallest - - about the same size as a squirrel .

the spotted skunk has various areas of white on the body that mix with the black . they don’t feature the famous white stripe that goes down the middle of the back . the spots can be varied through the four species and even by individuals .

when a skunk is ready to spray , nozzles emerge from either side of the skunk’s anus . each nozzle is surrounded by muscle tissue that can contract to direct the discharge 15 feet or more with highly coordinated control .

eastern spotted skunks breed mostly in the later winter months and give birth in late spring to early summer . on average the female skunk will give birth to 4–5 baby skunks ( kits ) at a time . it takes twelve weeks before newborn skunks will become fully developed into adult skunks and two months before they develop skunk musk to use as self - defense .

spotted skunks may inhabit forested and brushy areas as well as agricultural regions . they are often found in crevices in cliffs and in rock slides .

joyce b . kaplan , rodney a . mead ; seasonal changes in testicular function and seminal characteristics of the male eastern spotted skunk ( spilogale putorius ambarvilus ) , journal of mammalogy , volume 75 , issue 4 , 18 november 1994 , pages 1013–1020 , urltoken

it is extremely difficult to get skunk spray out of fabric , carpet and furniture because it is naturally oily .

i personally know how difficult it is to remove skunk odor from my home , so do not give up .

please note that it’s illegal to trap or shoot spotted skunks in virginia ( unless they are causing damage ) and their pelts may not be sold .

the eastern spotted skunk is omnivorous . it feeds primarily on small mammals , fruits , insects , birds , lizards , snakes , and carrion . the stomach of a specimen found near park headquarters in november , 1950 , contained the remains of a northern spring peeper (

a skunk ' s spray is an oily liquid produced by glands under its large tail . to employ this scent bomb , a skunk turns around and blasts its foe with a foul mist that can travel as far as ten feet .

want more natural history and wildlife videos ? visit the official bbc earth channel : urltoken bbc earth the bbc earth youtube channel is home to over 50 years - worth of the best animal videos from the bbc archive . with three new videos released every week there’s something for all nature loves from astounding animal behaviour to beautiful imagery . click here to find our more : urltoken enter the amazing world of the spotted skunk with this brilliant clip from bbc wildlife show ' weird nature ' . a chance to see skunk defences at first hand , this short video includes images of a spotted skunk performing foot stomping , hand stands , and predatory spraying to ward off potential attackers .

spotted skunks are often found near or within forests . their ability to climb trees and move agilely amongst branches in a squirrel - like fashion is most likely the cause of this habitat preference . spotted skunks are also notorious for digging underground burrows on private properties , residing within barns , and constructing burrows near trash receptacles .

in january , planes dropped doses of oral rabies vaccine across parts of 17 counties in an attempt to fight skunk rabies .

lead author adam ferguson protects himself from the smell as he works with a skunk . ( credit : the field museum )

eastern spotted skunks seem to prefer forest edges and upland prairie grasslands , especially where rock outcrops and shrub clumps are present . in western counties , it relies heavily on riparian corridors where woody shrubs and woodland edges are present . woody fencerows , odd areas , and abandoned farm buildings are also important habitat for eastern spotted skunks .

the western spotted skunk prefers rocky bluffs and brush - bordered canyon stream beds . they make dens in rocky outcrops or hollow logs in the wild ; however , they often live in close association with people , frequently nesting in rock fences or even attics ( davis and schmidley 1994 ) .

crabb , w . d . 1944 . growth , development , and seasonal weights of spotted skunks . journal of mammalogy 25 ( 3 ) : 213 - 221 .

a final note of advice to new skunk owners : be diligent and don ' t allow your skunk to wander away from the safe confines of your house . unlike dogs and cats , skunks do not have a homing instinct , so a skunk that gets loose probably will not return home on its own . in the wild , a pet skunk no longer has the ability to defend itself , and is at greater risk of being killed by a dog or fearful human , or hit by an automobile .

“the grass was pretty thick , and we couldn’t see into the trap , ” perkins says . “we could just see that the trap was closed . and we could see that the animal had pulled grass into the trap to make a little nest . we gently lifted the cover and saw that a skunk had wrapped itself in the grass . alex was the first one to tell that we had a spotted skunk . ”

option 3 . ( professionals only ) use cat grasping tongs to grab hold of skunk and rescue him from the window well .

appearance the island spotted skunk can be identified by its complex pattern of white markings on a blackbackground consisting of four to six broken white stripes , a triangular white forehead patch , a series of shorter white stripes resembling spots , and white on part of the abdominal surface and tip of the tail .

though they are closely related to striped skunks , spotted skunks are smaller in size and more agile that their cousins . they are omnivores and gladly take advantage of any available food source , like berries , carrion , rodents , and snakes . spotted skunks are mostly known for the pungent and foul - smelling odor they produce to repel predators .

dowler and his students have been systematically collecting such information , especially on western spotted and hog - nosed skunks , since those species have been studied less than striped skunks . in one three - year study funded by tpwd , dowler monitored the comings and goings of striped , western spotted and hog - nosed skunks at san angelo state park .

spotted skunks , like their striped cousins , are members of the skunk family and will spray an odorous secretion in self - defense as suggested by their latin scientific name , which translates to “stinking spotted weasel . ” however , at just 1–2½ pounds , spotted skunks are noticeably more slender and smaller than striped skunks and are not much bigger than a large squirrel . their glossy black fur has 4–6 broken white stripes along the back and sides that resemble “spots , ” versus the two solid white bands that extends down the back of striped skunks . the feet of spotted skunks are more specialized for climbing ( they are adept tree climbers ) , compared to the powerful feet of striped skunks that are adapted for digging . spotted skunks are more carnivorous than striped skunks , primarily feeding on small mammals , insects , eggs , and even carrion . they typically breed in the later winter or early spring , giving birth to a single litter of 1 – 6 young born in may or june .

the hog - nosed skunk presents a particular risk , mostly because of its method of capture . the other skunk species can be trapped , but the hog - nosed typically won’t go into a trap . that means the researchers basically have to chase them down .

robert dowler is one of the world’s leading skunk researchers , and he oversees one of the world’s biggest skunk specimen collections . he is a professor at angelo state university in san angelo , which , it turns out , is practically the epicenter of skunkdom in texas .

avoid getting skunk spray in your eyes . wash your hands as soon as you touch the musk with the strongest soap you have .

embed this arkive thumbnail link ( " portlet " ) by copying and pasting the code below . < a href = " urltoken " title = " arkive video - striped skunk defence behaviour " > < img src = " urltoken " alt = " arkive video - striped skunk defence behaviour " title = " arkive video - striped skunk defence behaviour " border = " 0 " / > < / a >

multiple states have ongoing research and monitoring efforts for spotted skunks . a list of current research projects can be found here , and biologists are always eager to hear about new sightings .

when frightened or angered , the eastern spotted skunk may engage in several unique behaviors that may serve as either a bluff or a warning prior to the discharge of the scent . it may stomp or pat its front feet in rapid succession on the floor or ground . it can also do a " handstand " on its front feet . the skunk upends itself , holds its tail in the air , and may walk up to several yards in this manner .

skunks are known to release a powerful smell through their anal glands when threatened . skunks will usually only attack when cornered or defending their young , and spraying is not the first method of defense . a skunk will growl , spit , fluff its fur , shake its tail , and stamp the ground . if the intruder does not leave , the skunk will then lift its tail and spray its famous skunk odor .

for the skunk , there’s no better time to spray than when a handful of angelo state students are chasing you with nets and buckets .

if a skunk has sprayed on any wood or concrete items in your home , you can use this bleach solution to clear the smell .

skunks follow their noses , so if a garage door is open , a skunk will likely amble in . if the skunk enters the garage , the hsus recommends leaving a garage door open at night and sprinkling flour along the bottom of it so you can see exiting tracks .

van gelder , r . g . 1959 . a taxonomic revision of the spotted skunks ( genus spilogale ) . bulletin of the american museum of natural history 117 : 229 - 392 .

verts , b . j . 1967 . the biology of the striped skunk . univ . illinois press , urbana . vii + 218 pp .

the habitat of the western spotted skunk in montana is not well known , but they have been found in arid , rocky and brushy canyons and hillsides . information from other portions of its range suggest that when they are inactive or bearing young they occupy a den in rocks , burrows , hollow logs , brush piles , or under buildings .

a skunk ' s sulfuric spray has a range of up to 10 feet , and its odor can be detected up to 1 . 5 miles .

) . there was no effect of skunk abundance on mean pause length , total pause length , or time to contact the models . the likelihood of approaching near enough to make contact was unrelated to skunk abundance , although more time was spent in contact with models in areas of higher fox abundance (

skunks live in a variety of habitats from riparian canyons and wooded areas to arizona uplands and suburbs . they prefer thick , brushy areas . the spotted skunk is most common in rocky , riparian canyons , while the hog - nose is usually found in the middle to higher elevations . none of the skunks are common in the low , dry flats .

with the study now in its third year , researchers at virginia tech are beginning to report some interesting preliminary results . using trail cameras stationed at 128 sites in 10 counties , the researchers have documented spotted skunks at 23 different locations . habitat data collected at the surveyed sites suggest that spotted skunks prefer forests with thick understory vegetation , most likely to avoid detection from predators , particularly great horned owls .

efforts are currently underway to radio - collar spotted skunks , monitor their movements and locate den sites . initial data from 11 radio - collared spotted skunks has tracked them to multiple den sites in underground burrows , hollow logs , and tree cavities . their night time movements have generally been within close range of their den sites . radio tracking data will continue being collected throughout the spring and summer months .

“most other skunks are kind of heavy - bodied and not very aware , ” evans says . “they lumber around , and if a predator shows up , they have their defenses , and that’s their game . spotted skunks are more like a skunk crossed with a squirrel . they bound all over the place , and they can climb trees pretty well . ”

relationship between the relative abundance of striped skunks and the proportion of pauses during approaches to skunk - shaped mounts . two sites ( deer creek hills and sagehen creek field station ) had no visits to skunk - shaped mounts and were thereby excluded from this figure , although all sites were included in statistical analyses .

open all windows and doors . turn on a fan . fresh air is the most effective remedy when it comes to removing skunk odor from your home .

they often fight over food and location , but they don’t spray each other with their oils . instead , they will bite and scratch until one of them runs away from the battle . many people worry about being bitten by a spotted skunk due to the risk of rabies . it is possible so any human or any pet that gets bit should be tested .

they are much more active than any other type of skunk . they have mostly the same predators as any other skunk ( big cats , bobcats , owls , humans , etc . ) . up to eight skunks may share an underground den in the winter . they can also climb and take shelter in trees .

overall , given the lack of knowledge regarding primary threats ( see threats ) and causes of decline , research is urgently needed to guide conservation action . fortunately , researchers from multiple states and universities currently have ongoing research projects on the species , and in 2015 the eastern spotted skunk cooperative study group was formed to help inform managers of research priorities and potential conservation actions .

the coloration scheme isn’t the only difference for the spotted skunk . they have a body that seems very similar in style to that of the weasel . they have short feet and they are very slow moving . they have scent glands that enable them to release powerful scents that are very strong and foul . this is able to help them to defend themselves from predators .

if your rags reek of skunk afterwards , then then just mix together the same solution as stated above and throw it in the washer with your smelly laundry .

option 1 . carefully place an 8 " wide board , with cleats to allow skunk to climb out . it is critical that the board not be too steep or a skunk won ' t be able to climb it . endeavor to make the slope less than a 45 degree angle . photo by : dallas virchow .

the spotted skunk survey project is not a statewide project in the vmn volunteer management system . virginia master naturalist volunteers who want to participate should make sure that it is an approved project within their chapter . a project proposal form is provided below to aid in that process . chapters may adapt this form by adding a local contact person or other details pertinent to their areas .

skunks often issue warnings before spraying . striped and hooded skunks stomp their feet . hog - nosed skunks may rear up on their hind legs . spotted skunks get acrobatic and perform a handstand with their tail aloft .

the musk is stored in two large scent glands near the anus . each scent glad has an associated nipple that the musk is sprayed from . there is one on the left side of the anus , and the other on the right side . muscles around the scent glands allow the skunk to aim its spray with a great degree of accuracy . in fact , a skunk can hit a target up to fifteen feet away ! normally , a skunk will aim for the eyes of whatever animal is threatening it , but if the threat is not within sight , a skunk will instead spray a cloud of musk that the pursuing animal will have to run through .

i found the tracks of spotted , hog - nosed and striped skunks all within a few feet of each other . that’s three skunks cohabitating in the exact same area . but they all have their own approach . ”

striped skunks are considered fur - bearing animals throughout their range . typically , they are abundant enough to permit unlimited taking . spotted and hog - nose skunks are less plentiful and may have harvest restrictions in your area .

when a skunk is being chased , it can emit an atomized cloud that the pursuing predator must run through . when a skunk is under a bush or cornered , it can aim a direct stream of yellow discharge at a predator’s face . both are effective methods of deterring an intruder . the active ingredient of the foul - smelling discharge is a sulphide known as n - butyl mercaptan , which can sting the skin , cause temporary blindness and produce a pungent , gagging odor that is unmistakably skunk .

there are no major threats to this species . the main cause of current mortality of this species is represented by automobile roadkills ( rosatte , 1987 ) . the pelts of both eastern and western spotted skunks represent an insignificant fraction of the modern fur trade . in the 1983 - 1984 trapping season , 5 , 588 pelts described as spotted skunk were harvested in the united states ( novak et al . , 1987 ) . the species is declining in the midwest and portions of the east , but common in southern florida ( reid 2006 ) . pesticides present a threat to the species in areas with intensive agriculture .

average home range is around 1 / 4 sq mi ( schwartz and schwartz 1981 ) . not as abundant as striped skunk ( mephitis mephitis ) in most of range .

striped skunk : there is variation in patterning among the skunks , but the striped usually has a black back with a white stripe along its sides . the tail is black with a white tip . the striped is a medium - to large - sized skunk at about 6 to 10 pounds ( 2 . 7 - 4 . 5 kg ) .

which are broken in pattern , giving it a " spotted " appearance . they have a white spot on their forehead . they are found in canada ( southeast manitoba and northwestern ontario ) , the united states and northeastern mexico .

since the animal is being considered for endangered species status , that means finding one can be akin to searching for bigfoot . dowler and his students surveyed a site in fort worth for a week and found no spotted skunks , despite a trail camera having shown one there earlier in the year . at lake somerville state park , a week’s worth of trapping and camera surveillance turned up no spotted skunks either . they were getting — you guessed it — skunked .

despite this potent defense , the skunk isn ' t without preditors . occasionally a wolf , fox , or bobcat will kill a skunk , but the main danger is from birds of prey . hawks , falcons , and owls have excellent vision and hunt mainly by sight . one thing they don ' t have is a good sense of smell . lacking this , they have never learned to fear skunks . the great horned owl , in particular , makes the skunk a mainstay of its diet , and is the single greatest predator of skunks .

what all skunk species have in common is that their oily , yellow secretion contains sulfur compounds ( namely , thiols and their acetate derivatives ) which gives it the infamously repulsive odor .

skunk spray is a bit like glitter or poison oak ; it gets on anything you touch . so don ' t touch furniture or other people because they will stink , too .

the eastern spotted skunk remains a level iii species of conservation priority . efforts to document the species in swg t - 12 - r evaluating the distribution and abundance of river otters and other meso - carnivores in eastern north dakota drainage : applications of gis , genetic and digital technologies for conservation planning were unsuccessful . it has recently been petitioned for protection under the endangered species act and north dakota is considered within its range .

if you have trail camera photos or other verifiable evidence regarding occurrences of spotted skunks in virginia , please contact dgif’s furbearer biologist , mike fies , at 540 - 248 - 9390 or by e - mail at mike . fies @ urltoken .

the spotted skunk is the only one able to climb trees , which expands its foraging opportunities . this small skunk breeds in september and october , but delayed implantation results in the young being born in may . the other skunks all breed in the spring , with most babies born in may . the 3 to 7 kits stay with the mother through the summer , accompanying her on nocturnal hunting forays , before dispersing in the fall . evidence of skunks in an area includes many divots in the earth and other signs of rooting , as well as scat containing berries , insect parts , and bits of fur .

“all the people at work were frustrated because they wanted to use the freezer , and i just took a long time to hand the skunk off to bob dowler , ” evans says .

well , the smell ( eventually ) dissipated from my body . . . but now i was left with a putrid skunk smell inside from everything i ' d touched or passed by .

eastern spotted skunks are omnivores . in winter they eat corn and cottontails ; in spring , insects and native field mice ; in summer , insects and small amounts of fruit , birds , and birds ' eggs ; in fall , mostly insects .

in general , spotted skunks grow between one to two feet in length and weigh around a pound and a half . they have black fur with erratic white striping , and many individuals also bear a single white spot on their foreheads . their loud and striking coloration is thought to function as a warning for predators . animals and humans who fail to recognize the threat are sprayed with the odor that emanates from the skunk ' s anal glands .

the western spotted skunk looks much like the eastern spotted skunk except that the white areas are more extensive . both are relatively small and slender . they are black with a white spot on their forehead and in front of each ear . they have a pair of dorsolateral white stripes on the anterior portion of their bodies beginning at the back of their head , a pair of lateral stripes confluent with the spots in front of the skunk ' s ears , and a ventrolateral pair which begins just behind the forelegs . these cut off at mid - body and the posterior portion of the skunk ' s body has two interrupted white bands , a white spot on each side of the rump and two more at the base of the tail . the underside of the tail is white for nearly half its length and the tip is extensively white . the ears are short and low on the sides of the head . they have five toes on each foot but the claws on the front feet are more than twice as long as those on the back feet , sharp , and recurved . males average 423mm in length ( 134 of that being tail ) and 565 g in weight . females average 360 mm ( 129 tail ) and 368 g ( davis and schmidley 1994 ) .

only great horned owls—with built - in protective “goggles” and very little sense of smell—seem to prey on skunks regularly . many big owls smell skunky and have skunk - bitten feet . as far as the oddsmakers of natural selection are concerned , skunk defenses are superlative . but like porcupines , skunks seem to be as vulnerable to tiny parasites as they are well - defended against big predators .

the eastern spotted skunks is a small , relatively slender skunk with a body shape like a weasel . its black - and - white color is a warning against harming this small creature , as its defense mechanism is the emission of noxious odors from its well - developed scent glands . this mammal is also known as the civet cat , but this is incorrect and misleading because it is neither closely related to old world true civets nor to cats .

gc - ms analysis of the anal sac secretion from the spotted skunk , spilogale putorius , showed three major volatile components : ( e ) - 2 - butene - 1 - thiol , 3 - methyl - 1 - butanethiol , and 2 - phenylethanethiol . minor volatile components identified from this secretion were : phenylmethanethiol , 2 - methylquinoline , 2 - quinolinemethanethiol , bis [ ( e ) - 2 - butenyl ] disulfide , ( e ) - 2 - butenyl 3 - methylbufyl disulfide , bis ( 3 - methylbutyl ) disulfide . all of these compounds except 2 - phenylethanethioi have been identified previously from the striped skunk , mephitis mephitis . the thioacetate derivatives s - ( e ) - 2 - butenyl thioacetate , s - 3 - methylbutanyl thioacetate , and s - 2 - quinolinemethyl thioacetate found in the striped skunk were not seen in this species .

texas has five species of skunk — more than any other state — and that makes texas a darn good place to study skunks , if you’re into that kind of thing . bob dowler is .

a skunk may send its musk flying into the air if it feels threatened in any way whatsoever , or if it is startled ( a word of advice : skunks are startled very easily ) .

until just a few years ago , very little was known about the distribution and ecology of spotted skunks in the central and southern appalachian region . to help address this knowledge gap , the virginia department of game and inland fisheries ( dgif ) recently funded a 3 - year research project conducted by virginia tech’s department of fish and wildlife conservation . the project seeks to determine the population status of spotted skunks in virginia , investigate forest and landscape conditions that influence their distribution , and study their movement patterns and habitat selection .

in addition to performing a handstand before spraying a potential predator , the skunk also performs what foot stamping , which involves the skunk stamping its feet on the ground in order to warn an approaching predator . the stamping can be heard for several meters away and is usually followed by the skunk spraying its odorous solution . when these skunks encounter an egg that they want to eat they will straddle the egg with their front legs and bite the egg open . if this fails they will then proceed to use their front legs to push the egg back and kick it with one of their hind legs .

i couldn ' t wait to see what had been going on at the site . while no spotted skunks were discovered in my area , many other species and interesting behaviors were documented . i look forward to the opportunity to participate in this study again . "

skunk coloration is the opposite of camouflage ; it’s to a skunk’s advantage to be conspicuous and recognized , since its defenses are so good . the rare animal that fails to stay clear may receive additional warnings such as forefoot stamping , tail raising , or a handstand with tail displayed forward like a big white pom - pom . spotteds can spray from the handstand , but usually return to all fours .