nessia is a genus of skinks , lizards in the family scincidae .

the genus is endemic to sri lanka .

species in the genus nessia are commonly known as snake skinks .

nessia

nessia <EOT> nessia is an unusual given name for females . nessia is an equivalently unusual surname too for all people .

the name nessia is a greek baby name . in greek the meaning of the name nessia is : pure .

as a girls ' name is of greek origin , and nessia means " lamb " . nessia is a version of

the name nessia is a scottish baby name . in scottish the meaning of the name nessia is : from the headland .

embed this arkive thumbnail link ( " portlet " ) by copying and pasting the code below . < a href = " urltoken " title = " arkive species - nessia ( nessia layardi ) " > < img src = " urltoken " alt = " arkive species - nessia ( nessia layardi ) " title = " arkive species - nessia ( nessia layardi ) " border = " 0 " / > < / a >

evesia monodactylus gray 1839 : 336 evesia bellii duméril & bibron 1839 : 782 ( fide brygoo 1985 ) nessia monodactyla — günther 1864 acontias monodactylus — boulenger 1887 : 425 acontias monodactylus — camp 1923 : 355 evesia monodactyla — camp 1923 : 410 acontias ( nessia ) monodactylus — deraniyagala 1931 nessia monodactyla — smith 1935 : 358 nessia monodactyla — taylor 1950 : 511 evesia monodactyla — manthey 1981 evesia bellii — frank & ramus 1995 nessia monodactylus — das 1996 : 47 nessia monodactylus — ziesmann et al . 2007 nessia monodactylus — somaweera & somaweera 2009

no one has contributed data records for nessia yet . learn how to contribute .

information on nessia layardi is currently being researched and written and will appear here shortly .

a beautiful , girl . anyone would be lucky to have her . a nessia is someone that is sexy , and popular . a nessia is a girl who will wait for you all the time . a nessia is a girl whop loves you until the end .

type : not in bmnh fide p . campbell ( pers . comm . , 25 july 2014 ) type species : nessia burtonii gray 1839 : 336 is the type species of the genus nessia gray 1839 .

" john is so lucky to have nessia as his girl . i & apos ; m jelous . : ) "

the team observed heavy infestation of coccidian oocysts in some nessia bipes ) and some mites ( on three occasions ) . crusz and daundasekera ( 1988 ) have observed nematodes melelrakis sinharajensis and parapharyngodon adamsoni in the large intestine and rectum of nessia bipes .

. other variants , like nesha , are seldom used . adoption of this form of nessia was more pronounced among parents in the 1890s

except for few brief accounts by deraniyagala ( 1931 , 1953a , 1953b , 1953c ) , smith ( 1935 ) and taylor ( 1950 ) nothing has been published on the ecology of nessia species to date . gans ( 1995 ) recorded distribution localities of six species of nessia .

nearly 50 specimens of nessia bipes were observed from various localities in the knuckles massif . however , details such as measurements , gender , status etc . were recorded only of 41 specimens of nessia bipes , of which 14 were male adults , nine were female adults , 16 unsexed adults and two juveniles . furthermore five specimens of nessia sarasinorum were observed at yahangala ( 300m ) of which one was a male adult , one was a female adult and three were unsexed adults

based on morphological data , nessia is presumed to be monophyletic . its affinities with other scincid genera have been the subject of much speculation in the past ( e . g . , boulenger 1887 ; hewitt 1929 ; deraniyagala 1931 ; smith 1935 ) but most recently greer and shea ( 2001 ) have considered nessia to exhibit the " chalcidine " head scale pattern , implying a possible relationship with a group of scincines that includes the majority of reduced limbed forms . relationships of nessia within the scincinae or " chalcidinae " , however , remain uncertain .

batuwita , sudesh ; udeni edirisinghe 2017 . nessia gansi : a second three - toed snake - skink ( reptilia : squamata : scincidae ) from sri lanka with the designation of a neotype for nessia burtonii gray travaux du muséum national d’histoire naturelle «grigore antipa» 60 ( 1 ) : 377–388 ; doi : 10 . 1515 / travmu - 2017 - 0001 - get paper here

recent studies by anslem de silva and his team provides additional brief notes on the ecology and natural history of nessia bipes smith , 1935 and nessia sarasinorum m ` 9fller , 1889 as observed during the knuckles expedition , 2004 and 2005 . anslemís preliminary data highlight the need for future studies to understand the ecology , natural history , and conservation status of these poorly known lizards .

named in honour of major edward burton of the museum of chatham ( 1790 - 1867 ) ( beolens et al . , 2011 ) . etymology of nessia burtonii as mentioned by batuwita & edirisinghe ( 2015 ) is incorrect .

nessia has amazing area of 14 , 000m² , including two hosting complexes , each with a luxury hall , designed with classic , elegant lines , with an adjacent event garden rich in vegetation and waterfalls – a magical background for a reception or a chuppah .

oh my , i’m glad to hear he’s doing okay . he was my favorite from the beginning – as were alan in season 1 and you dave in season 2 🙂 i really hoped dave nessia would win , but he was probably to skinny to begin with . thank you for posting this !

the genus nessia was placed in the scincid sub - family acontinae by deraniyagala ( 1931 ) , but subsequently moved to the scincinae by greer ( 1970 ) , who recognized eight species , all endemic to sri lanka ( das & de silva , 2005 ; deraniyagala 1931 , 1953a , 1953b , 1953c ; de silva 2001 ) .

according to iucn red list criteria , nessia bipes is ranked as being endangered and nessia sarasinorum is ranked as a lower risk near threatened ( de silva , molur & walker 2000 ) . iucn ( 2000 ) ranks bipes and sarasinorum as threatened species . although a major part of the knuckles ( that is above 1 , 067 m ) is declared as a conservation forest , even in the conservation area the flora and fauna face many threats due to human activities . climatic changes over the past 100 years may also have had an impact . the annual rainfall at kobonila has decreased from 3800 mm in 1982 to 3400 mm in 1990 ( madduma bandara 1991 ) .

wow ! for those of you that have seen the latest episode of alone , you saw the struggle was real for dave nessia . the happy go - lucky guy shrank over 40lbs during the 73 days that he was on the show into a surprisingly still optimistic , but incredibly physically depleted man that had to be medically evacuated from the show .

nessia sevin sloane , the daughter of jaar - mel sloane and howard g . sloane of new york , was married saturday evening to taylor andrew kushner , a son of karen m . kushner and robert j . kushner of san juan capistrano , calif . rabbi peter j . rubinstein performed the ceremony at central synagogue in new york , where he is the senior rabbi .

gravid nessia bipes with two eggs were observed in august and september . two hatchlings ( measuring 62mm , weighting 0 . 5g ) were observed in june to september . deraniyagala ( 1953c ) reported that two to four soft shelled eggs are laid in march , april and may . a female ( 130 mm long ) had laid two eggs measuring 16 x 8 mm and had been deposited in loose dark loamy soil in a cardamom plantation .

nessia , h . r . , dale , a . r . , perrott , j . k . , waipara , n . w . , aguilar , g . d . , and blanchon , d . j . ( 2014 ) . comparison of species richness and frequency cover of forest floor plants and lichens in sites invaded and uninvaded by the invasive club moss selaginella kraussiana ( kunze ) a . braun . plant protection quarterly , 29 ( 2 ) , pp . 66 - 70 .

therefore , the coolness and / or moisture content of the microhabitat appear to be a critical requirement for prevention of desiccation and the survival of these reptiles . specimens were observed together as well as close to one another suggesting possible communities . chalcidoseps thwaitesii , lankascincus species and geckoella triedra were often observed as sympatric reptiles in the same microhabitat of nessia bipes . otocryptis wiegmanni and hypnale hypnale too were sometimes observed on the forest floor in the same habitat . sympatric invertebrates were termites ( three occasions ) , spiders , snails , ants , and beetle larva .

the number of species increased from 10 , 711 to 10 , 793 , i . e . an increase of 82 species . 66 new species have been described , 9 species have been revalidated from synonymy and 16 subspecies were elevated to full species . . .

over the past 4 months , the number of species increased from 10 , 639 to 10 , 711 .

the number of species has grown from 10 , 544 in the may release to now 10 , 639 ( + 95 species ) .

overall , 212 new taxa have been added or changed their status or name .

the reptile database is a taxonomic database that provides basic information about all living reptile species , such as turtles , snakes , lizards , and crocodiles , as well as tuataras and amphisbaenians , but does not include dinosaurs .

currently there are more than 10 , 000 species and an additional 2 , 700 subspecies . this is making reptiles the largest vertebrate group after fish ( ~ 25 , 000 species ) and birds ( ~ 10 , 000 species ) , and significantly larger than mammals ( ~ 5 , 000 species ) or amphibians ( ~ 6 , 000 species ) .

the reptile database provides taxonomic information for the catalogue of life and the encyclopedia of life . our taxonomic information has also been used by genbank and many other resources and is the only comprehensive reptile database on the web .

the reptile database can be used to find all species within a certain geographic area ( e . g . all snakes of egypt ) . its collection of more than 2 , 500 images allow users to identify a species or at least get an idea how the species or genus may look like . more than 30 , 000 references provide a guide to further information .

this database is maintained by peter uetz ( database content ) and jakob hallermann , zoological museum hamburg ( new species and updates ) .

people with this name have a deep inner desire for a stable , loving family or community , and a need to work with others and to be appreciated .

people with this name tend to be a powerful force to all whose lives they touch . they are capable , charismatic leaders who often undertake large endeavors with great success . they value truth , justice , and discipline , and may be quick - tempered with those who do not . if they fail to develop their potential , they may become impractical and rigid .

note : tdwg regions are generated automatically from the text in the distribution field and not in every cases it works well . we are working on it .

beolens , bo ; michael watkins , and michael grayson 2011 . the eponym dictionary of reptiles . johns hopkins university press , baltimore , usa - get paper here

karunarathna , suranjan ; d . m . s . and a . a . thasun amarasinghe 2011 . a preliminary survey of the reptile fauna in nilgala forest and its vicinity , monaragala district , sri lanka . taprobanica 3 ( 02 ) : 69 - 76

kramer , eugen 1979 . typenkatalog der echsen im naturhistorischen museum basel ( bm ) , stand 1978 . revue suisse de zoologie 86 ( 1 ) : 159 - 166 - get paper here

müller , f . 1890 . sechster nachtrag zum katalog der herpetologischen sammlung des basler museums . verh . nat . ges . basel 8 : 685 - 705 - get paper here

somaweera , r . & somaweera , n . 2009 . lizards of sri lanka : a colour guide with field keys . chimaira , frankfurt , 304 pp .

taylor , e . h . 1953 . a review of the lizards of ceylon . univ . kansas sci . bull . 35 ( 12 ) : 1525 - 1585 - get paper here

taylor , edward h . 1950 . ceylones lizards of the family scincidae . univ . kansas sci . bull . 33 ( 2 ) : 481 - 518 - get paper here

boulenger , g . a . 1887 . catalogue of the lizards in the british museum ( nat . hist . ) iii . lacertidae , gerrhosauridae , scincidae , anelytropsidae , dibamidae , chamaeleontidae . london : 575pp . - get paper here

boulenger , george a . 1890 . the fauna of british india , including ceylon and burma . reptilia and batrachia . taylor & francis , london , xviii , 541 pp . - get paper here

duméril , a . m . c . and g . bibron . 1839 . erpétologie générale on histoire naturelle complète des reptiles . vol . 5 . roret / fain et thunot , paris , 871 pp . - get paper here

gray , j . e . 1839 . catalogue of the slender - tongued saurians , with descriptions of many new genera and species . ann . mag . nat . hist . ( 1 ) 2 : 331 - 337 ( 287 - 293 ) [ 1838 ] - get paper here

günther , a . 1864 . the reptiles of british india . london ( taylor & francis ) , xxvii + 452 pp . - get paper here

jayaneththi , hareschandra bandula 2015 . vertebrate fauna of morankanda - mukalana secondary forest patch in sri lanka : a checklist reported from 2004 - 2008 survey . ruhuna journal of science 6 : 21 - 41

manthey , u . 1981 . die echsen des ceylonischen regenwaldes und seiner randgebiete . sauria 3 ( 2 ) : 25 - 35 - get paper here

smith , m . a . 1935 . the fauna of british india , including ceylon and burma . reptiles and amphibia , vol . ii . sauria . taylor and francis , london , 440 pp .

the king salomon complex accommodates seating of up to 850 people or 1 , 200 guests in cocktail events .

the david ' s violin complex accommodates seating of up to 450 guests or 600 guests in cocktail events .

season 2 winner of history channels alone show , wilderness survival instructor , public speaker , author & proud father .

the episode did a really neat job of telling some of dave’s story and reasoning for being on the show . for dave , this experience was incredibly meaningful and much like the ultimate “vision quest” . he had a bucket of fish stashed away , and as you hear him describe his strategy , he had a plan to eat a half of a fish every day , estimating out loud that he had a couple more months left before he’d need to tap out .

unfortunately for dave , he had much less time left on the show than expected . it was a very emotional moment to watch when he hears the news that he’s being forced to medically evacuate . in the tips at the bottom of the screen , you see where the alone show editors point out that sometimes if they’re starving people will hoard food when they should be eating it . this is what happened to dave .

after the show aired , a lot of folks were curious about how dave is doing now . luckily he posted a public post on his personal facebook page that does a great job of explaining how he’s doing . i’ve embedded the post and copied the text below so you can read it here .

“hello wonderful people ! ! ! ! for those that were following “alone” and watching this crazy and amazing path , thank you ! ! ! ! your support and presence has been so inspiring . so nice to touch base with people that i haven’t heard from in decades ! our paths might not be the same as it was but we have each other in our hearts and always will .

the producers had hundreds of hours of footage to work with to make a story that fit into this show .

i do not envy them the task and i respect what they did . it all happened and i can honestly say the experience in patagonia , in many ways , was so much easier then watching the show for me . that boiled down to my own ego , i wanted to be the hero : ) ) ) ) . i went out there for many reasons , to test myself , to learn , to grow closer to myself and the earth , to feel life , to live , to show people this could be done and that you could be comfortable with the land ( the money was a secondary bonus ) . what i saw in the beginning episodes didn’t show that for me and i kept going deeper into a place of dread at how they would show me physically deteriorate in front of my friends and families . and yes , you saw me deteriorate

) ) ) . above all i wanted to be there ! of course there were moments of loneliness , sadness , hunger , but i placed all of them into individual moments and i knew that society and friends were not going anywhere . watching the last episode was so freeing in so many ways . of course it was closure but more then that i finally felt heard . “i felt alive” .

i appreciate your further support and comments but know i am a bit overwhelmed by facebook : ) . at this point i am hoping to center a bit so please don’t be upset if i step away from facebook for a time . it has helped me touch all of your lives again and i cherish that . i just get overloaded quick and need the simplicity of the outdoors for a while . hope to see many of you at winter count . we’ll talk again : ) love you all , dave”

so it seems like dave is doing pretty well , thank goodness ! i think myself and many of the fans of the alone show would have liked to have seen more footage of the neat things dave was up to – and maybe we’ll get to hear from him in the future . did you see that elaborate chess set he had carved ? it was beautiful !

if you want to follow dave online , it looks like he does have a youtube channel , although it’s not very active . maybe we’ll see more from him in the future !

i was sitting outside in the sun and suddenly thought : “i wonder how dave from season 3 alone , is doing ? ” anyhow , got a great answer . thank you .

thank you for stopping by kevin ! glad this post was helpful . 🙂 i totally understand the allergy thing , darn ! it’s still fun to talk about what you would plan to do though , isn’t it ?

save my name , email , and website in this browser for the next time i comment .

hello , my name is captain airyca ( erica ) and welcome to the alone show blog ! here you can find the latest news about alone show contestants and what they ' re up to now . urltoken

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next month , mrs . kushner , 25 , is to become an associate in the tax department of davis polk & wardwell , the new york law firm . she graduated summa cum laude from cornell and received a law degree from columbia .

her father , who is known as peter , is a partner in the new york law firm cahill gordon & reindel . he is also the chairman of the heckscher foundation for children in new york , which provides grants to organizations that help young people ; the bride is a trustee . her mother is the founder and chief executive of sloane square , a new york residential real estate firm .

mr . kushner , 29 , is a vice president at goldman sachs in new york , working with the bank’s special - situations group , where he focuses on investing in and lending to companies in the americas . he graduated cum laude from georgetown . he is a co - chairman of the urban arts partnership , a nonprofit organization in new york that provides arts programs for public school children .

his father is a founding partner in kushner , smith , joanou & gregson , an accounting firm in irvine , calif .

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brygoo , e . r . 1985 . les types des scincidés ( reptiles , sauriens ) du muséum national d’histoire naturelle , catalogue critique . bull . mus . natl . hist . nat . ( 4e sér . ) 7 ( sect . a 3 ) , suppl . : 1 - 126

camp , charles lewis 1923 . classification of the lizards . bull . amer . mus . nat . hist . 48 ( 11 ) : 289 - 481 .

ziesmann , s . ; klaas , p . & janzen , p . 2007 . von skinken und anderen echsen [ sri lankas ] . draco 7 ( 30 ) : 18 - 23 - get paper here

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to cite this page : myers , p . , r . espinosa , c . s . parr , t . jones , g . s . hammond , and t . a . dewey . 2018 . the animal diversity web ( online ) . accessed at https : / / animaldiversity . org .

disclaimer : the animal diversity web is an educational resource written largely by and for college students . adw doesn ' t cover all species in the world , nor does it include all the latest scientific information about organisms we describe . though we edit our accounts for accuracy , we cannot guarantee all information in those accounts . while adw staff and contributors provide references to books and websites that we believe are reputable , we cannot necessarily endorse the contents of references beyond our control .

this material is based upon work supported by the national science foundation grants drl 0089283 , drl 0628151 , due 0633095 , drl 0918590 , and due 1122742 . additional support has come from the marisla foundation , um college of literature , science , and the arts , museum of zoology , and information and technology services .

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selaginella species richness and abundance paper for ppq submission copy 21 august 2013 . pdf ( 171 . 1kb )

selaginella kraussiana , or the african club moss , is a fern ally in the family selaginellaceae invasive to several countries including new zealand . this study was carried out to compare species richness and frequency cover in adjacent forest floor botanical communities with and without s . kraussiana using a paired experimental design . sites with s . kraussianahad reduced species richness , particularly the number of conifer and flowering plant species . frequency cover ( excluding s . kraussiana ) was not significantly affected .

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only a few studies are done on the skinks of sri lanka and the other reptile species . however , most of the studies indicate that these reptiles are endemic to sri lanka , and that most of them are highly threatened .

most skinks have smooth scales , possibly adapted for burrowing in soils and all have detachable tails that regenerate eventually .

this article will focus on a recent study done by sri lankaís top herpetologist anslem de silva and his team at the knuckles mountain region .

the data are from a study conducted in the mid 1980ís , when the team measured the mulch level in many types of forests and plantations during the survey in 2004 and 2005 , it was less than 10 centimetres .

in addition , soil erosion was high . thus , the team could foresee long - term , irreversible habitat degradation that could negatively impact on these and other fossorial animals that live in the humus of the forest floor .

therefore , the team believes it is important that the authorities take immediate steps to educate the cardamom cultivators in order to prevent further soil erosion and habitat degradation .

two field techniques were used to investigate this subfossorial reptile : sampling of large leaf litter quadrats measuring 20m x 20m and patch sampling . patch sampling was found to be a more effective field method for discovering this animal because of its tendency to occur in certain types of habitat . when caught , individual animals were examined for abnormalities , damage , and external parasites . for females , reproductive status was noted . for a subset of animals , morphometric measurements were taken to examine morphological variation . after photographing , the animals were released back at the same locality where they were found .

species in having rudimentary bud - like pair of posterior limbs surrounded by small scales situated on either side the cloacae . the scale rows at mid body are 26 to 28 and the interparietal broader than frontal . also an overlying mark on the interparietal was observed in

the scale rows at mid body are 22 and the interparietal is narrower than frontal . in both species well - developed forelimbs are not present , slight bulges in the pectoral region surrounded by small scales signal their position .

deraniyagala ( 1932 ) reported the following measurements for an unsexed specimen : total length 107 mm , of which the tail was 44 mm , and a juvenile caught in july was also measured : snout to vent 35 mm and tail 32 mm .

are diurnal reptiles . when exposed , either by the lifting of logs , stones or leaf litter , they were quick to wriggle and hide within the loose humus , soil , leaf litter , under stones , crevices and holes in the earth . when handled some showed a tendency to bite and wriggle in order to escape . it was observed that ( similar to

dries and shrivels within 10 - 15 minutes when removed from its moist habitat .

is restricted to a small range in the north east knuckles with no overlap . however , previous reports on the knuckles did not list this species ( bambaradeniya and ekanayake 2003 ; cooray 1998 ; ginige 1994 ; rathnayake et al . , 1999 ) .

in addition , the negative impacts of cardamom cultivation at the knuckles have been extensively reported ( abeygunawardena & vincent 1993 ; gunawardane 2003 ) . studies have shown that in natural forested areas without cardamom cultivation the " a " horizon is well preserved and covered with mulch to a depth of 30 - 35 cm , whilst in cardamom fields the mulch level has been reduced to 15 - 25 cm ( madduma bandara , 1991 ) .

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antricola is a genus of tick containing 16 species .

it is very similar to the genus nothoaspis , which contains the species nothoaspis reddelli antricola delacruzi estrada-pena , barros-battesti & venzal , 2004 antricola guglielmonei estrada-pena , barros-battesti & venzal , 2004 antricola inexpectata antricola marginatus antricola mexicanus

antricola

antricola <EOT> new reports of antricola guglielmonei and antricola delacruzi in brazil , and a description of a new argasid species ( acari ) .

new reports of antricola guglielmonei and antricola delacruzi in brazil , and a description of a new argasid species ( acari ) . - pubmed - ncbi

the sialotranscriptome of antricola delacruzi female ticks is compatible with non - hematophagous behavior and an alternative source of food . - pubmed - ncbi

three new species of antricola ( acari : argasidae ) from brazil , with a key to the known species in the genus . - pubmed - ncbi

conserved tick salivary secreted protein family , similar to hiv env glycoprotein , with 7 ests in antricola delacruzi . ( a ) clustal alignment . ( b ) bootstrapped phylogram . for other information , see . species related to acronyms for naming sequences used to construct phylogram are : ant : a . delacruzi ; ornpar , o . parkeri ; amby am : amblyomma americanum ; rh ap : r appendiculatus ; rh micro : r . microplus ; ixosca : i scapularis .

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warning : the ncbi web site requires javascript to function . more . . .

estrada - peña a 1 , manuel venzal j , barros - battesti dm , castilho onofrio v , trajano e , lima firmino jv .

department of parasitology , veterinary faculty , university of zaragoza , miguel servet 177 , zaragoza , zaragoza 50013 , spain . aestrada @ urltoken

ribeiro jm 1 , labruna mb , mans bj , maruyama sr , francischetti im , barizon gc , de miranda santos ik .

laboratory of malaria and vector research , national institute of allergy and infectious diseases , national institutes of health , bethesda , md , usa .

a heat map of the most abundantly expressed transcripts in a . delacruzi females and of the most abundantly expressed transcripts in hematophagous female ticks of genes encoding putative inhibitors of proteins involved in host homeostasis . data is derived from non - normalized cdna libraries constructed with the same methodology employed for the a . delacruzi library .

insect biochem mol biol . ; 42 ( 5 ) : 332 - 342 .

tick til domain - containing proteins . ( a ) clustal alignment . symbols over the figure indicate ( * ) amino acid identity , ( : ) similarity and ( . ) less similarity . ( b ) bootstrapped phylogram ( 10 , 000 iterations ) of the alignment in ( a ) . sequences deposited at ncbi are represented by six capital letters deriving from the genus and species name followed by their genbank accession number . remaining sequences were derived from analysis of publicly available est’s and described in a previous review ( ) . values near nodes indicate bootstrap support above 50 % . smaller values are not represented . the bar at the bottom indicates 10 % amino acid divergence . species related to acronyms for naming sequences used to construct the alignment and phylogram are : orncor , o . coriaceus ; ant : a . delacruzi ; hyamar : hyalomma marginatum ; rh micro : r . microplus ; amb var : amblyomma variegatum ; rh ap : r . appendiculatus ; and der : dermacentor andersoni ; ixosca : i scapularis .

tick amyloid salivary secreted protein family , with 15 ests on anticolas delacruzi . ( a ) clustal alignment . ( b ) bootstrapped phylogram . for other information , see . species related to acronyms for naming sequences used to construct phylogram are : ornpar , o . parkeri ; ant : a . delacruzi ; rh micro : r . microplus ; ixosca : i scapularis ; and der : dermacentor andersoni .

labruna mb 1 , terassini fa , camargo lm , brandão pe , ribeiro af , estrada - peña a .

departamento de medicina veterinária preventiva e saúde animal , faculdade de medicina veterinária e zootecnia , universidade de são paulo , são paulo , sp , brazil . labruna @ urltoken

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long run is a retired national hunt racehorse owned by robert waley-cohen and trained during his racing career by nicky henderson in great britain and later by his owner .

long run ( horse )

long run ( horse ) <EOT> " long run won ' t be ready to run this season , " said the owner on twitter .

it has not yet been confirmed what long run will be doing during his retirement .

" kauto star was probably at his best today , but long run is a very good young horse . "

long run trainer nicky henderson was similarly thrilled to see his charge return to winning form .

the win saw long run become only the seventh horse after the likes of kauto star and desert orchid to reclaim the king george title .

long run justified his billing as 7 - 2 favourite by winning the cheltenham gold cup with a superb display .

" what i look for is to see a horse that is consistent , that wants to go out there and run a good race and to me that epitomises long run as a horse who is all courage and loves his racing . "

nacarat had made the early running , but the french - bred long run and kauto star were always in close proximity .

amateur jockey sam waley - cohen says his 2011 cheltenham gold cup winner long run can reclaim the prize on 15 march .

no horse other than kauto star has regained the gold cup having lost it but there is little likelihood of long run ' s owner robert waley - cohen replacing his son on the horse .

long run , winner of the cheltenham gold cup and two king george vi chases , has been retired from racing aged 11 .

long run lost to silviniaco conti in the betfair chase at haydock in november , while sir des champs won the irish hennessy .

the idea that long run ' s victory brought the scene - shifters into jump racing was resisted by sam , who lost a brother , thomas , to cancer . he said : " it may be too early for that , but long run ' s an amazing horse – and a baby .

amateur jockey sam waley - cohen produced a faultless ride on 9 - 2 second favourite long run , who is owned by his father robert .

the 2011 cheltenham gold cup winner long run will miss this season and return to racing in the autumn , says owner robert waley - cohen .

climbing when a horse lifts its front legs abnormally high as it gallops , causing it to run inefficiently .

on the bit when a horse is eager to run . also known as " in the bridle . "

long run was initially aimed at this year’s cheltenham foxhunter before a setback in january saw hopes divert towards the grand national at aintree . sunday’s race was considered a trial run ahead of the liverpool showcase — but his disappointing run prompted connections to call it a day on his illustrious racing career .

inside information is where people who have close connections with a horse know how likely it is that the horse is going to run in a certain race , and if it does , how well it is likely to run .

a mistake by kauto star at the penultimate fence sealed his fate , and the foot - perfect long run surged to the line for a convincing victory .

long run , dual king george vi chase hero and winner of the gold cup , has been retired after finishing fifth in a hunter chase at carlisle .

long run was one of the favourites , at 12 - 1 , for last year ' s national at aintree but fell at valentine ' s brook .

" long run is a phenomenal horse and i ' m so pleased he ' s shown people what he is capable of , " said the 28 - year - old sam waley - cohen .

key horse a single horse used in multiple combinations in an exotic wager . l

kauto star , right , finished a well - beaten third behind long run in the king george vi chase at kempton . photograph : tom jenkins for the observer

brilliant young steeplechaser long run thwarted kauto star ' s bid to create racing history as he trounced his rivals to win the king george vi chase at kempton .

the 15 - 8 favourite long run claimed victory in a thrilling finish to the king george vi chase at kempton to win the race for a second time .

run - out bit a special type of bit to prevent a horse from bearing out ( or in ) . s

asked if he had £10 to put on one horse in the gold cup , waley - cohen replied ; " i would back long run . i think he has a chance of winning it . "

long run looked sure to finish third after jumping the final fence , but was eased and stopped to a walk on the run - in , being passed by both barachois silver and durban gold , meaning he beat just one rival home .

long run , trained by nicky henderson , won january ' s king george vi chase but the six - year - old had struggled at cheltenham on previous visits .

the jockey was criticised when winning a second king george in december after long run made a mistake at the last fence but battled back to edge out captain chris .

near side left side of a horse . side on which a horse is mounted .

reins long straps , usually made of leather , that are connected to the bit and used by the jockey to control the horse .

but after running out of time , he instead made the long trip north to cumbria .

nasogastric tube a long tube that is capable of reaching from the nose to the stomach .

national hunt heroes big buck’s , denman and long run are among the equine stars that will be parading at the cheltenham festival on the opening day ( tuesday , 14 march ) .

( a ) silky sullivan a horse that makes a big run from far back . named for the horse silky sullivan , who once made up 41 lengths to win a race .

growth plates located at the end of long bones where they grow in length . see physis .

trip an individual horse ' s race , with specific reference to the difficulty ( or lack of difficulty ) the horse had during competition , e . g . , whether the horse was repeatedly blocked or had an unobstructed run .

bounce a poor race run directly following a career - best or near - best performance .

burn ( ed ) see run down . commonly used in the term : burned heels .

“that’s it for long run now . we’ll find something else for him to do . he’s been a wonderful horse , i’ve had him since was a three - year - old and he’s given us some fantastic moments , ” said robert .

champion trainer henderson has five possible runners , including long run , with the seven barrows handler also leaving in captain conan , finian’s rainbow , riverside theatre and cheltenham gold cup hero bobs worth .

long - distance running and evolution : why humans can outrun horses but can’t jump higher than cats .

breakdown when a horse suffers a potentially career - ending injury , usually to the leg : the horse suffered a breakdown . the horse broke down .

waley - cohen , whose mount beat great steeplechasers denman and kauto star two years ago , has also been third in a gold cup and landed the king george vi chase twice with long run .

long run was the youngest gold cup winner since mill house in 1963 , but was beaten twice by kauto star last season before finishing third behind winner synchronised when favourite for the big cheltenham race .

" the race was run at a slow pace and nicky said to be aware and ride him handy . i was just keeping out of trouble and making sure he got a nice run .

spit the bit a term referring to a tired horse that begins to run less aggressively , backing off on the " pull " a rider normally feels on the reins from an eager horse . also used as a generic term for an exhausted horse .

sheets a handicapping tool assigning a numerical value to each race run by a horse to enable different horses running at different racetracks to be objectively compared .

meanwhile , following the carlisle race , long run’s jockey sam received a controversial seven - day suspension for easing up on the gelding during the run - in . he has announced he will appeal against the ban which rules him out of the aintree fox hunters in april — a race the jockey has won three times .

mane long hairs growing on the crest of the horse ' s neck , which are usually kept clipped to about six inches in length for neatness , or decoratively braided .

trainer nicky henderson , claiming his fifth win of the day , sealed a one - two as long run beat stablemate riverside theatre by 12 lengths , with the four - time king george winner a further seven lengths adrift .

but it was time for a new champion as long run , who only officially had his sixth birthday on new year ' s day , proved too good on the day for the 11 - year - old kauto star .

cut down horse suffering from injuries from being struck by the shoes of another horse . or , due to a faulty stride , a horse may cut itself down . d

bha works on the principle that no horse should run in great britain under the effects of medication or have any substance present in its system that can affect performance .

front - runner a horse whose running style is to attempt to get on or near the lead at the start of the race and to continue there as long as possible .

pastern ( bones ) denotes the area between the fetlock joint and the hoof . the joint between the long and short pastern bones is called the " pastern joint . " can also be used to describe the area of the limb or to describe a specific bone long pastern bone . technically known as the p1 ( long ) and p2 ( short ) .

grandsire the grandfather of a horse ; father ( " sire " ) of the horse ' s dam or sire .

but last year ' s gold cup winner dug deep on the run - in to win by a neck .

one horse who heads to the festival undiminished is the champion hurdler , binocular , trained , like long run , by nicky henderson who had five winners in total . binocular was an authoritative winner of the restaged christmas hurdle under mccoy , who rode the new desert orchid for the first time .

waley - cohen had taken over the training of long run since his unsuccessful journey to france — when he suffered various injuries on his way back to britain - and had hoped to get him qualified for the foxhunter chase at cheltenham .

long run , winner of the two out of the last three runnings of the william hill king george vi chase at kempton and last year’s runner - up , captain chris , head the list of 30 entries for this year’s race .

long run ' s stablemate bobs worth , who has won four races at cheltenham and triumphed in the hennessy gold cup last time out , heads the betting at about 3 - 1 ahead of silviniaco conti and irish challenger sir des champs .

" i ' ll sit down and have a talk with clive but if he ' s sound and well there is no reason why he can ' t run in this year ' s gold cup . cheltenham will suit him better than kempton does now , he ' s just that bit slower . long run was always going to be a good horse if he put it all together and he did that . "

distal sesamoidean ligaments attaches to the bottom of the sesamoid bones , passing down and attaching to the long and short pastern bones .

flatten out a very tired horse that slows considerably , dropping its head on a straight line with its body . some horses , however , like to run with their heads lowered .

horse when reference is made to sex , a " horse " is an ungelded male five - years - old or older .

fetlock ( joint ) joint located between the cannon bone and the long pastern bone , also referred to as the " ankle . "

jail refers to the requirement that a horse which has been claimed that next runs in a claiming race must run for a claiming price 25 percent higher for the next 30 days . commonly used in the phrase the horse is in ( out of ) jail .

digital the part of the limb below the ankle ( fetlock ) joint . includes the long and short pastern bones and the coffin bone .

schooling process of familiarizing a horse with the starting gate and teaching it racing practices . a horse may also be schooled in the paddock . in steeplechasing , more particularly to teach a horse to jump .

but waley - cohen had long run well positioned and they looked dangerous at the top of the hill and loomed alongside the nicholls duo with two fences to go and his younger legs were able to get him clear from the last and up the cheltenham hill for a famous win .

lunge 1 ) horse rearing and plunging . 2 ) a method of exercising a horse on a tether ( " lunge line " ) . m

“he won’t run again and will now do something he enjoys . whether that’s showing or eventing , we’ll have to wait and see . ”

people who care about horses are turning their backs on the grand national and every other race in which horses are being run to death .

if a horse’s microchip is unreadable / undetectable then the horse will be identified by the markings in its passport . a notification form will be issued by the veterinary officer , for the horse to be re - micro chipped .

on rare occasions a horse will be unable to be identified from its chip or passport . should this happen the horse will be prevented from running .

mare ' s month september . in theory , because mares that have not run well during the summer often " wake up " in september .

long run , who had finished second to kauto star in last year ' s race after winning in 2010 , had battled hard in the testing heavy conditions and three fences from home looked the most likely winner before captain chris and richard johnson challenged with grands crus ( 7 - 1 ) finishing third .

consolation double a payoff to holders of daily double tickets combining the winning horse in the first race of the double with a scratched horse in the second .

fire a burst of acceleration by a horse in a race . for example , " the horse did ( didn ' t ) fire when asked . "

graduate 1 ) winning for the first time , horse or rider . 2 ) a horse that has moved up to allowance , stakes or handicap racing .

defending champion imperial commander , who was out of contention a long way from home before being pulled up , was later found to have burst a blood vessel .

kauto star took the race a long way out and with three fences to go was fighting it out with stablemate and fellow 11 - year - old denman .

" i just thought he might run well at kempton , finish third or fourth , and then we ' d put him away for the summer .

david johnson ' s patience is unbelievable . this is the longest td run of his career . . . 58 yards ! # mnf # nyjvsaz urltoken

condition book ( s ) a series of booklets issued by a racing secretary which set forth conditions of races to be run at a particular racetrack .

horse racing betting tips : top picks for the eclipse at sandow . . .

horse racing betting tips june 30 : best bets for the northumbe . . .

any horse affected will receive immediate attention and treatment from the racecourse veterinary team .

fault weak points of a horse ' s conformation or character as a racehorse .

muzzle 1 ) nose and lips of a horse . 2 ) a guard placed over a horse ' s mouth to prevent it from biting or eating . n

second dam grandmother of a horse . also known as a " granddam . "

short a horse in need of more work or racing to reach winning form .

snip small patch of white hairs on the nose or lips of a horse .

stall walker horse that moves about its stall constantly and frets rather than rests .

stud 1 ) male horse used for breeding . 2 ) a breeding farm .

timber topper jumper or steeplechase horse . more properly horses jumping over timber fences .

underlay a horse racing at shorter odds than seems warranted by its past performances .

physis plural physes . the " growth plate " at the end of the long bones ( such as the cannon bone ) that lets the bone grow in length .

each horse has its own passport . checks are carried out on selected horses to ensure their recorded markings match the chip number recorded on the passport . all horses having their first run on a racecourse will be checked , as will horses having their first run for a new trainer . equine influenza vaccination records are also checked to ensure they comply with the requirements set out in the rules .

but the golden run came to an end for the northern irishman , who has ridden more than 3 , 000 winners in a record - breaking career .

action 1 ) a horse ' s manner of moving . 2 ) a term meaning wagering , for example , " the horse took a lot of action . "

declared in the united states , a horse withdrawn from a stakes race in advance of scratch time . in europe , a horse confirmed to start in a race .

reserve a minimum price , set by the consignor , for a horse in a public auction . for example , " the horse did not reach its reserve . "

for an amateur to win such a prestigious race is rare , and waley - cohen has had to endure much adverse comment about his suitability for the long run ride . pure nepotism , some thought . his father , robert , said : " that ' s the perfect riposte . he has justified my faith in him . "

horse racing tips july 2 : pontefract , hamilton , windsor , wolve . . .

bottom 1 ) stamina in a horse . 2 ) subsurface of a racing strip .

colt an ungelded ( entire ) male horse four - years - old or younger .

digestible energy the amount of energy a horse is able to digest from a feedstuff .

entry fee money paid by an owner to enter a horse in a stakes race .

exercise rider rider who is licensed to exercise a horse during its morning training session .

nose smallest advantage a horse can win by . called a short head in britain .

prop when a horse suddenly stops moving by digging its front feet into the ground .

pull up to stop or slow a horse during or after a race or workout .

show bet wager on a horse to finish in the money ; third or better .

yes , so long as you are still eligible , to claim an allowance in accordance with rules ( f ) 140 or ( f ) 141 of the rules of racing .

green osselet an inflammation and swelling in the fetlock joint of young horses , particularly on the front of the joints where the cannon and long pastern bones meet . see arthritis .

the seven - year - old , who is owned by the jockey ' s father robert , will now be hoping to complete another king george / gold cup double in cheltenham in march , but his stable - mate bobs worth remains at the head of the betting market at around 4 - 1 with long run at around 7 - 1 .

running and jumping comes naturally to horses , and we see them doing both those things in the wild . it’s also interesting to note that when a horse unseats its rider during a race , it will continue to run and jump with the other horses .

beyer number a handicapping tool , popularized by author andrew beyer , assigning a numerical value ( speed figure ) to each race run by a horse based on final time and track condition . this enables different horses running at different racetracks to be objectively compared .

long run ( fr ) b . g , 2005 { 1 - x } dp = 1 - 0 - 4 - 3 - 0 ( 8 ) di = 0 . 60 cd = - 0 . 13 - 34 starts , 15 wins , 7 places , 6 shows career earnings : £1 , 542 , 715 in gb / fr / ire

break ( a horse ) 1 ) to train a young horse to wear a bridle and saddle , carry a rider and respond to a rider ' s commands . almost always done when the horse is a yearling . 2 ) to leave from the starting gate .

trial in thoroughbred racing , a preparatory race created in tandem with a subsequent , more important stakes race to be run a few days or weeks hence the derby trial .

the french - bred horse becomes the youngest gold cup winner since mill house in 1963 .

" i want to say thank you to everyone for believing in me and the horse .

horse racing tips july 6 : best bets for sandown , doncaster , ne . . .

horse racing tips july 3 : best bets for stratford , brighton , h . . .

horse racing tips july 1 : best bets for uttoxeter , cartmel , wi . . .

horse racing tips june 30 : best bets for york , chester , windso . . .

horse racing tips june 25 : best bets for beverley , brighton , n . . .

brace ( or bracer ) rubdown liniment used on a horse after a race or workout .

breeze ( breezing ) working a horse at a moderate speed , less effort than handily .

conformation the physical makeup of and bodily proportions of a horse how it is put together .

driving a horse that is all out to win and under strong urging from its jockey .

grass slip used in some areas , permission to exercise a horse on the turf course .

head a margin between horses . one horse leading another by the length of its head .

the foot of the horse . consists of several parts that play an integral role in supporting the weight of the horse . see " hoof " subsection of " musculoskeletal system " in

mudder horse that races well on muddy tracks . also known as a " mudlark . "

overweight surplus weight carried by a horse when the rider cannot make the required weight . p

shank rope or strap attached to a halter or bridle by which a horse is led .

taken up a horse pulled up sharply by its rider because of being in close quarters .

closed knees a condition when the cartilaginous growth plate above the knee ( distal radial physis ) has turned to bone . indicates completion of long bone growth and is one sign of maturity .

long run is an 8 - 1 chance for a repeat performance of last season’s epic battle with captain chris – who is rated a 25 - 1 shot – after a disappointing showing in last weekend’s charlie hall chase at wetherby , in which he finished out of the first three for the first time in his career , but subsequently was found to have scoped badly .

oiled ( oiling ) administration of mineral oil via nasogastric tube to relieve gas or pass blockage . preventative procedure commonly used in long van rides to prevent impaction with subsequent colics . see colic .

a horse ambulance is available on site to ensure prompt and safe transport of an injured horse to either the on - course veterinary treatment facilities or a near - by equine referral centre .

site : media | arena : nfl | pagetype : stories | section : | slug : watch - david - johnson - dances - past - jets - defense - for - a - career - long - td - run | sport : football | route : article _ single . us | 6 - keys : media / spln / nfl / reg / free / stories

cup 1 ) refers to the irregular occlusal surface of the tooth ( the surfaces that meet when a horse closes its mouth ) and is used as a visual method of determining age in a horse . 2 ) trophy awarded to winning horse owners , usually in a stakes race .

william hill king george vi chase odds : 5 - 1 dynaste , 6 - 1 bobs worth , cue card , silviniaco conti , 7 - 1 sir des champs , 8 - 1 long run , 12 - 1 al ferof , 16 - 1 captain conan , flemenstar , mount benbulben , 20 - 1 lord windermere , menorah , tidal bay , 25 - 1 bar .

horse racing tips july 8 : best bets for ayr , market rasen , fai . . .

check ( ed ) when a jockey slows a horse due to other horses impeding its progress .

connections persons identified with a horse , such as owner , trainer , rider and stable employees .

morning glory horse that performs well in morning workouts but fails to reproduce that form in races .

rabbit a speed horse running as an entry with another , usually come - from - behind horse . the rabbit is expected to set a fast pace to help the chances of its stablemate .

ridden out a horse that finishes a race under mild urging , not as severe as driving .

white a horse color , extremely rare , in which all the hairs are white . the horse ' s eyes are brown , not pink , as would be the case for an albino .

there was disappointment for amateur jockey willy twiston - davies when he was unseated by the well - fancied baby run in the christie ' s foxhunter chase two from home when well clear .

condylar ( fracture ) a fracture in the lower knobby end ( condyle ) of the lower ( distal ) end of a long bone such as the cannon bone or humerus ( upper front limb ) .

the sport’s substantial investment in veterinary research and education brings benefits for all breeds of horse in britain .

carpus a joint in the horse ' s front leg , more commonly referred to as the knee .

cryptorchid a " unilateral cryptorchid " is a male horse of any age that has one testicle undescended . a " bilateral cryptorchid " is a male horse of any age that has both testicles undescended . the jockey club defines " cryptorchid " as a male horse of any age that has both testicles undescended .

feather light weight . usually refers to the weight a horse is assigned to carry in a race .

hung a horse that does not advance its position in a race when called upon by its jockey .

nominator one who owns a horse at the time it is named to compete in a stakes race .

overlay a horse going off at higher odds than it appears to warrant based on its past performances .

steadied a horse being taken in hand by its rider , usually because of being in close quarters .

tattoo a permanent , indelible mark on the inside of the upper lip used to identify the horse .

five out he was clumsy ; four out he dropped four lengths behind the leaders as long run surged ahead of the old champion and staked his claim on the future , passing the post 12 lengths clear of his stable companion riverside theatre . at the second - last kauto star turned mccoy into a rodeo rider , blundering badly and almost ejecting the bbc sports personality of the year out of the saddle .

it’s important to note that if a horse does not want to race , it won’t , and very occasionally we see a horse plant its feet and refuse to move . no horse can be made to race against its will . in the overwhelming majority of cases , horses happily take part in a race .

the graduate development programme is run each year from the end of june to beginning of september with around 18 placements on offer . visit the graduate page on the careersinracing website to found out more .

as with any sport , those taking part do sometimes suffer injury , but it is important to note that 99 . 58 % of runners in british racing complete their race without incurring any long - term injury .

scratch to be taken out of a race before it starts . trainers usually scratch horses due to adverse track conditions or a horse ' s adverse health . a veterinarian can scratch a horse at any time .

stakes a race for which the owner usually must pay a fee to run a horse . the fees can be for nominating , maintaining eligibility , entering and starting , to which the track adds more money to make up the total purse . some stakes races are by invitation and require no payment or fee .

“he’s been a magic horse and in many ways changed our lives with the fabulous days he’s given us .

“it was a course record as well , which just puts into context how good a horse he was .

closer a horse that runs best in the latter part of the race , coming from off the pace .

conditioner 1 ) a trainer . 2 ) a workout or race to enable a horse to attain fitness .

cuppy ( track ) a dry and loose racing surface that breaks away under a horse ' s hooves .

drop ( ed ) down a horse meeting a lower class of rival than it had been running against .

earmuffs a piece of equipment that covers a horse ' s ears to prevent it from hearing distracting sounds .

leg up 1 ) to help a jockey mount a horse . 2 ) a jockey having a mount .

prep ( race ) a workout ( or race ) used to prepare a horse for a future engagement .

teaser a male horse used at breeding farms to determine whether a mare is ready to receive a stallion .

if a horse is injured , it’s important that it is kept calm , and provided with some privacy . a screen helps create a calm environment around the horse and allows the vets to work safely and without distraction .

" this horse is still only six , so there is a lot to look forward to with him yet .

bad doer a horse with a poor appetite , a condition that may be due to nervousness or other causes .

false favorite horse that is a race favorite despite being outclassed by other competition in the field . see underlay .

past performances a horse ' s racing record , earnings , bloodlines and other data , presented in composite form .

blood - typing a way to verify a horse ' s parentage . blood - typing is usually completed within the first year of a horse ' s life and is necessary before registration papers will be issued by the jockey club .

" but he ' s improved a massive amount from that run . today he ' s travelled supremely and jumped . he picked them up the minute he wanted to and he ' s our little hurricane fly . "

veterinary surgeons must record any vaccines given in the horse’s passport . if the horse is signed out of the food chain in its passport , generally no other records need to be kept for the vmd . if the horse is not signed out of the food chain there are strict recording requirements for the acquisition , use and disposal of medicines : urltoken

declaring a new era open , bookmakers installed long run as the 6 - 1 second - favourite for the gold cup behind imperial commander ( 3 - 1 ) , who defends his title at the cheltenham festival . kauto star was pushed out to 8 - 1 , the same price as his stablemate denman . those two have carved up steeplechasing over the past five years but motor to the cotswolds now as beloved veterans – assuming kauto star travels at all .

paying his own tribute , he said : “he’s been a phenomenal horse who rose to the biggest occasion every time .

as with any sport , horse racing is tough , but the level of risk for its participants is very low .

break maiden horse or rider winning the first race of its career . also known as " earning a diploma . "

gate card a card , issued by the starter , stating that a horse is properly schooled in starting gate procedures .

gelding a male horse of any age that has been neutered by having both testicles removed ( " gelded " ) .

morning line probable odds on each horse in a race , as determined by a mathematical formula used by the track handicapper , who tries to gauge both the ability of the horse and the likely final odds as determined by the bettors .

overgirth an elastic band that goes completely around a horse , over the saddle , to keep the saddle from slipping .

speed figure a handicapping tool used to assign a numerical value to a horse ' s performance . see beyer number .

subscription fee paid by owner to nominate a horse for a stakes race or to maintain eligibility for a stakes race .

tubing inserting a nasogastric tube through a horse ' s nostril into its stomach for the purpose of providing oral medication .

wheel betting all possible combinations in an exotic wager using at least one horse as the key . see part wheel .

yearling a horse in its second calendar year of life , beginning jan . 1 of the year following its birth .

re - entered the reason that the horse was scratched out of the race was that he was either a ) entered in another race on that day , either at the same track or another track and opted to race in the other race or b ) was scratched out of this race to run in another race in the next few days .

“when it’s a 50 - 50 call , i think you lean on the side of the welfare of the horse . ”

breather easing off on a horse for a short distance in a race to permit it to conserve or renew its strength .

gastric ulcers ulceration of a horse ' s stomach . often causes symptoms of abdominal distress ( colic ) and general unthriftiness .

hood a ( usually ) nylon covering which goes over a horse ' s head to which blinkers or earmuffs are attached .

part wheel using a key horse or horses in different , but not all possible , exotic wagering combinations . see wheel .

state - bred a horse bred in a particular state and thus eligible to compete in races restricted to state - breds .

swayback horse with a prominent concave shape of the backbone , usually just behind the withers ( saddle area ) . scoliosis .

in sum , you might say we were born to run . but you also might just as well say we ran to be born . come to think of it , that would make a seriously good motto for the wales marathon .

in only his second run over hurdles after an impressive debut at kempton , the 13 - 2 chance , ridden by daryl jacob , ran out an impressive two - and - a - quarter - length winner from the irish filly unaccompanied .

added weight a horse carrying more weight than the conditions of the race require , usually because the jockey exceeds the stated limit .

cast a horse , positioned on its side or back , and wedged against a wall , such that it cannot get up .

maiden 1 ) a horse or rider that has not won a race . 2 ) a female that has never been bred .

refuse 1 ) when a horse will not break from the gate . 2 ) in jumping races , balking at a jump .

stripe a white marking running down a horse ' s face , starting under an imaginary line connecting the tops of the eyes .

" the big horses were all there and he had to get through them , and he did . it was a wonderful ride . it was a great race because all the horses have run great races - there ' s no disputing it .

open knee a condition of young horses in which the physis of the knee has not closed ; an immature knee . often used to describe the status of the physis immediately above the knee and is an indicator of long bone growth in two - year - olds .

flank area between the horse ' s ribs and hip . lacking heavy musculature and the site of important internal organs , the flank is a very sensitive region on the horse ' s body and cannot be touched by a jockey ' s whip during a race .

twitch a restraining device usually consisting of a stick with a loop of rope or chain at one end , which is placed around a horse ' s upper lip and twisted , releasing endorphins that relax a horse and curb its fractiousness while it is being handled .

but , despite their successful association , some believe a professional with more experience should be on board the nicky henderson - trained horse .

it is information that is known by those who work closely with the horse such as an owner , trainer , rider , stable employee or their service providers . service providers are people like vets , farriers and feedmen that have provided services to do with the horse .

ewios , who work in teams , are responsible for the security of the stable yard and the monitoring horse welfare at race meetings .

across the board a bet on a horse to win , place and show . if the horse wins , the player collects three ways ; if second , two ways ; and if third , one way , losing the win and place bets . actually three wagers .

black a horse color which is black , including the muzzle , flanks , mane , tail and legs unless white markings are present .

groom a person who cares for a horse in a stable . known as a " lad " or " girl " in britain .

neck unit of measurement . about the length of a horse ' s neck ; a little less than a quarter of a length .

rattle used in the expression , " he likes to hear his feet rattle , " a horse that likes a firm turf course .

" we ' ll know more in a week , " said clive smith , his owner , acknowledging at least the possibility that the first horse to regain the gold cup title has run his last race . if any damage is found , smith added , they could " call it a day " . paul nicholls , his trainer , favours perseverance and will argue for one more adventure .

the decision was made to retire the son of cadoudal after he finished fifth in a hunter chase at carlise on sunday ( 20 march ) . it was his comeback run after sustaining an injury on his way back from racing in france in may 2014 .

girth 1 ) an elastic and leather band , sometimes covered with sheepskin , that passes under a horse ' s belly and is connected to both sides of the saddle . 2 ) deepest point of the horse ' s midsection , around which the saddle girth is tightened .

owners and trainers love their horses and have invested huge amounts of time and care into looking after and training them . the last thing they want is to have to put down a horse . but horses have far more complex physiology than humans , and a broken leg can often cause damage to blood vessels and other tissue . because horses can not stay off their feet for long periods , broken bones do not have a chance to heal , and so often sadly the kindest way to help a horse with a broken limb is to put it down .

" when he got there he saw the crowd and he wanted to stop and have a look . what a horse he is . "

a trainer or member of their stable staff may sign in the owner of their horse and escort them in and out of the stables .

cribber a horse that clings to objects with its teeth and sucks air into its stomach . also known as a " wind sucker . "

forelock lock of mane hair that falls forward from the poll ( top of the head ) to just above the horse ' s eyes .

under wraps horse under stout restraint in a race or workout to keep it from pulling away from the competition by too large a margin .

99 . 58 % of runners in british racing complete their race without incurring any long - term injury . over the last twenty years , concerted efforts across the sport has seen an already low equine fatality rate drop by a further third , to just 0 . 18 % of runners .

claiming process by which a licensed person may purchase a horse entered in a designated race for a predetermined price . when a horse has been claimed , its new owner assumes title after the starting gate opens although the former owner is entitled to all purse money earned in that race .

off - track betting wagering at legalized betting outlets usually run by the tracks , management companies specializing in parimutuel wagering , or , in new york state , by independent corporations chartered by the state . wagers at otb sites are usually commingled with on - track betting pools .

racecourses employ experienced veterinary surgeons and have state - of - the - art horse ambulances available to ensure the very best treatment of any injury .

distanced horse so far behind the rest of the field of runners that it is out of contact and unable to regain a position of contention .

rank a horse that refuses to settle under a jockey ' s handling in a race , running in a headstrong manner without respect to pace .

washed out a horse that becomes so nervous that it sweats profusely . also known as " washy " or " lathered ( up ) . "

if a horse does have to be put down , it is done in a quick and painless way , by a trained veterinary surgeon . the usual method is by injection , but the vets will decide on the most appropriate course of action for the horse based on its specific circumstances . any decision is taken by a team of veterinary surgeons ; where appropriate this will be done in consultation with the owners and trainer of a horse .

jumps in horse racing are designed , first and foremost , to be as safe as possible , and allow horses to show off their natural athleticism . there are lots of ways that jumps are designed to pose a challenge to the horse and jockey , but at the same time minimise risk .

claiming race a race in which each horse entered is eligible to be purchased at a set price . claims must be made before the race and only by licensed owners or their agents who have a horse registered to race at that meeting or who have received a claim certificate from the stewards .

tongue tie strip of cloth - type material used to stabilize a horse ' s tongue to prevent it from " choking down " in a race or workout or to keep the tongue from sliding up over the bit , rendering the horse uncontrollable . also known as a " tongue strap . "

“it is a difficult balance for the stewards . you have to have the horse’s welfare in your mind as well as riding for all your worth .

also - eligible a horse officially entered for a race , but not permitted to start unless the field is reduced by scratches below a specified number .

dosage index ( di ) a mathematical reduction of the dosage profile to a number reflecting a horse ' s potential for speed or stamina . the higher the number , the more likely the horse is suited to be a sprinter . the average dosage index of all horses is about 4 . 0 .

as races are shorter on the flat , it’s important that the participants begin in as straight a line as possible . for longer races ( and that includes some long flat races as well as all jump races ) , riders often want to take up a tactical position that they believe offers their horse its best chance to perform well . for some , that might mean going out in front , whilst for others it might mean taking a lead from another horse or dropping in at the back of the field . the ground would often be too soft to move the stalls around on at a jumps meeting .

elite human runners , however , can sustain speeds up to 6 . 5 meters per second . even run - of - the - mill joggers typically do between 3 . 2 and 4 . 2 meters per second , which means they can outrun dogs at distances greater than two kilometers .

the cardinals running back proved that yet again monday night . against the jets , johnson got the scoring started with a 58 - yard touchdown run . he showed great patience in allowing the play to develop before he hit full speed and then proceeded to dance his way around the entire defense .

all racecourses appoint specialist equine veterinary surgeons ( racecourse veterinary surgeons ) who attend each race meeting to provide immediate first aid and veterinary treatment to any horse .

fontana safety rail an aluminum rail , in use since 1981 , designed to help reduce injuries to horse and rider . it has more of an offset ( slant ) to provide greater clearance between the rail and the vertical posts as well as a protective cover to keep horse and rider from striking the posts .

nod lowering of head . to win by a nod , a horse extends its head with its nose touching the finish line ahead of a close competitor .

tightener 1 ) a race used to give a horse a level of fitness that cannot be obtained through morning exercises alone . 2 ) a leg brace .

top line 1 ) a thoroughbred ' s breeding on its sire ' s side . 2 ) the visual line presented by the horse ' s back .

pony any horse or pony that leads the parade of the field from paddock to starting gate . also , a horse or pony which accompanies a starter to the starting gate . also can be used as a verb he was ponied to the gate . also known as a " lead [ leed ] pony . "

cooling out restoring a horse to normal temperature , usually by walking , after it has become overheated during exercise . all horses that are exercised are cooled out .

entire an ungelded horse . in europe , where geldings are not permitted to enter certain races , the race conditions might read " entire colts and fillies . "

handily 1 ) working in the morning with maximum effort . compare with , 2 ) a horse racing well within itself , with little exertion from the jockey .

as it is important to complete any course of antibiotics to help prevent resistance developing within the bacteria we would not wish for a trainer to stop giving a course of antibiotics prescribed by a vet in order for the horse to be eligible to run in the future . we are confident that antibiotics do not improve performance on raceday . more details on detection of anti - infective drugs can in the bha notices section of the rules website and there are specific notices on :


eophrynids lived during the carboniferous period in what is now modern europe and north america.the family is probably found within the ' eophrynid assemblage ' clade ; ( aphantomartus ( alkenia ( pseudokreischeria ( kreischeria ( eophrynus + pleophrynus ) ) ) ) ) .

eophrynidae

eophrynidae <EOT> 1930 ) wird erneut beschrieben und als der älteste bekannte vertreter der eophrynidae zur familie der eophrynidae gestellt . dies legt nahe , daß die trigonotarbiden sich bereits während des unterkarbons in die aus dem oberkarbon bekannten familien aufgespalten hatten .

eophrynidae is a family of the extinct arachnid order trigonotarbida . eophrynids lived during the carboniferous period in what is now modern europe and north america .

1930 ) , is redescribed and referred to the family eophrynidae as the oldest known eophrynid . it suggests that trigonotarbids had diversified into the recognised upper carboniferous families by the lower carboniferous .

this page is based on the copyrighted wikipedia article eophrynidae ; it is used under the creative commons attribution - sharealike 3 . 0 unported license ( cc - by - sa ) . you may redistribute it , verbatim or modified , providing that you comply with the terms of the cc - by - sa

a new eophrynid trigonotarbid ( arachnida : trigonotarbida : eophrynidae ) from the pennsylvanian ( kasimovian ) astrasado formation of the kinney brick quarry , new mexico is described . this fossil – the first arachnid to be recorded from the astrasado formation – is preserved primarily as a dorsal opisthosoma . pleophrynus hawesi sp . nov . diagnostically preserves evidence for three pairs of posterior opisthosomal spines rather than the two usually seen in other eophrynids . a comparison of opisthosomal tuberculation patterns among the best known eophrynid species is included . at ca . 304 . 0–306 . 5 ma , our new taxon represents one of the youngest records of eophrynidae , while the kinney brick quarry is only the twelfth site in north america to yield trigonotarbid arachnids ; compared to more than 60 such localities in europe .

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full reference : f . karsch . 1882 . ueber ein neues spinnenthier aus der schlesischen steinkohle und die arachniden der steinkohlen - formation überhaupt . zeitschrift der deutschen geologischen gesellschaft 34 : 556 - 561

parent taxon : trigonotarbida according to j . a . dunlop et al . 2013

see also brauckmann et al . 2003 , haase 1890 , petrunkevitch 1945 and petrunkevitch 1949

these keywords were added by machine and not by the authors . this process is experimental and the keywords may be updated as the learning algorithm improves .

( eds . ) paleotectonic investigations of the mississippian system in the united states part 1 : introduction and regional analyses of the mississippian system . - u . s . geological survey professional paper 1010 - c : 13–48 , washington .

1994a . palaeobiology of the trigonotarbid arachnids . - unpublished ph . d . thesis , university of manchester .

— 1994b . the palaeobiology of the writhlington trigonotarbid arachnid . - proceedings of the geologists’ association

— 1995 . a redescription of two eophrynids ( arachnida : trigonotarbida ) from the coal measures of ostrava , czech republic . - neues jahrbuch für geologie und paläontologie , monatshefte 1995 : 449–461 , stuttgart .

1990 . land animals in the silurian : arachnids and myriapods from shropshire , england . - science

1913 . a monograph of the terrestrial palaeozoic arachnida of north america . - transactions of the connecticut academy of arts and science

— 1953 . paleozoic and mesozoic arachnida of europe . - memoirs of the geological society of america

( ed . ) treatise on invertebrate paleontology , pt . p , arthropoda 2 , chelicerata : 42–162 , geological society of america and university of kansas press ( lawrence / kansas ) .

1924 . beitrag zur geologie des steinkohlengebiets im südharz . - jahrbuch des halleschen verbands für die erforschung der mitteldeutschen bodenschätze und ihrer verwertung

pocock ( basal stephanian ; prov . león , n . w . spain ) , with remarks on aphantomartid taxonomy . - boletin geológico y minero de españa

1987 . new terrestrial arachnids from the devonian of gilboa , new york ( arachnida , trigonotarbida ) . - american museum novitates :

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hallan , j . ( 2000 - current ) . biology catalog . web compilation accessible at urltoken ( accessed june 2012 ) .

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hasse , e . 1890 . beiträge zur kenntnis der fossilen arachniden . zeitschrift der deutschen geologischen gesellschaft , 42 : 629 - 657 .

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hephaestus books represents a new publishing paradigm , allowing disparate content sources to be curated into cohesive , relevant , and informative books . to date , this content has been curated from wikipedia articles and images under creative commons licensing , although as hephaestus books continues to increase in scope and dimension , more licensed and public domain content is being added . we believe books such as this represent a new and exciting lexicon in the sharing of human knowledge . this particular book contains . . . read more

hephaestus books represents a new publishing paradigm , allowing disparate content sources to be curated into cohesive , relevant , and informative books . to date , this content has been curated from wikipedia articles and images under creative commons licensing , although as hephaestus books continues to increase in scope and dimension , more licensed and public domain content is being added . we believe books such as this represent a new and exciting lexicon in the sharing of human knowledge . this particular book contains chapters focused on prehistoric arachnids , and trigonotarbids . read less

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