hemipepsis tamisieri is a species of afrotropical pepsid spider wasp , one of the so-called tarantula hawks because its preferred prey are tarantulas of the family theraphosidae .

hemipepsis tamisieri

hemipepsis tamisieri <EOT> no one has contributed data records for hemipepsis tamisieri yet . learn how to contribute .

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the image " wasp close - up ( hemipepsis tamisieri guerin ) " from smspsy is available on fotolia under a royalty - free license from 1 credit ( credit from £0 . 54 ) .

hemipepsis tamisieri ( hymenoptera : pompilidae ) . this beautiful spider - hunting wasp actively hunts on spiders either in early summer or late spring . this specimen was captured at the eduardo mondlane botanical garden . maputo , mozambique .

photo " wasp close - up ( hemipepsis tamisieri guerin ) " can be used for personal and commercial purposes according to the conditions of the purchased royalty - free license . the image is available for download in high resolution quality up to 2916x3435 .

angola , ethiopia , gold coast , malawi , nigeria , sierra leone , south africa , uganda , zambia , zimbabwe .

females specialise on hunting baboon spiders ( theraphosidae ) and rain spiders ( palystes ) to provision their nest with as a paralysed food resource for development of their larvae .

picker , m . , griffiths , c & weaving , a . 2002 . field guide to insects of south africa . struik publishers , cape town .

( published in struik ' s field guide to insects of south africa ) .

citation : van noort , s . 2018 . waspweb : hymenoptera of the afrotropical region . url : urltoken ( accessed on < day / month / year > ) .

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the subfamily dorylinae now is monotribic and monogeneric . the dorylines are considered to be a primitive ant subfamily . dorylines are unique amongst ants for their very strange reproductive castes . the queens are huge : they are the largest individuals amongst all south african ants , measuring up to about 35 mm in length . they clearly cannot fly , so driver ant colonies must spread by ‘budding’ , ie females are mated in the nest and move out with some workers to form new colonies . in fact the queens resemble termite queens more than ant queens , enormous sausage - like egg - laying machines that get carried by hundreds of workers when the colonies move on .

male driver ants are also enormous , compared to the workers . from 25 to 30 mm in length , they cause alarm when they fly into lights at night . they curl their gasters threateningly when caught , and gnash their mandibles together , but they are harmless .

minute to very large ( body length of workers 2 - 8 mm , reproductives 40 - 50 mm ) .

workers are reddish brown , without eyes , head squarish , sting non - functional . antennae are short and thick .

males are winged and much larger than the workers , about 40 mm long . head and thorax furry , wings clear , abdomen and mandibles enlarged .

they live in large colonies . they exhibit the specialized subterranean predation that is typical of most other army ants . driver ants feed on carrion , live termites , and other prey below - ground , including small mammals .

mandibles piceous brown , scape of antenna , head and thorax dark castaneous red , but getting gradually lighter from the head to the petiole ; abdomen dark brownish yellow , or ochreous with a slight reddish tinge ; legs ferruginous ; funiculus dark brown above , lighter underneath . head , thorax and abdomen very shining , except the anterior third of the head , the vertical anterior face of the pronotum , the mesopleura , the petiole and the propodeum , which are duller , owing to a rugulosity of the surface which is almost microscopic on the head , but somewhat stronger on the other parts . head sparsely punctured , with small , discrete and shallow punctures ; scape of antenna more coarsely punctured . pro - and mesonotum sparsely , but much more coarsely punctured than the head . propodeum and petiole very shallowly and more closely punctured , the punctures being smaller than on the pronotum . gaster finely and sparsely punctured . a short , yellow pubescent hair is inserted in each puncture , those on the head being very fine .

pronotum narrowed and depressed anteriorly to form a short neck ; it is widest behind this part and . narrows towards the mesonotum , from which it is separated by a distinct and angular suture . the mesonotum widens posteriorly , where it is two - thirds wider than long . the propodeum is widest at its base ( on each side of which lies a prominent spiracle ) , and narrows but slightly towards the short and vertical declivity ; the brow of the latter is considerably rounded above and at the corners . the dorsum of the propodeum has a longitudinal median impression . seen from the side , the dorsum of the whole thorax is flat and rather distinctly delimited from the sides , which are vertical or nearly so .

the node of the petiole is almost sub - quadrate , or a little wider behind than in front , as long as , or only very little longer than wide , all the angles strongly rounded ; the ventral lamella is produced into a triangular projection .

the gaster widens gradually towards the apical margin of the 3rd segment , all the segments wider than long . the pygidial area of the 5th segment is dull and only shallowly impressed , forming a more or less oval fovea , not semi - circular or bounded by a sharp raised margin , as in the subgenus dorylus . by this character , and also by the longer petiole and the frontal carinae without spines , all the workers of this species can be distinguished at a glance from those of the subgenus dorylus .

worker minor - tl 8 - 3 mm . in these the colour is much lighter , or more or less reddish yellow . antennae 11 - jointed , as in the maxima . proportionately the head is wider in front than in the maxima . the puncturation is finer and the pubescence is more apparent . in the smaller forms , the frontal carinae project further forwards and are more convergent posteriorly , or even meet to form a single lamina . the median impression on the head is much shallower and shorter , or almost obsolete . the mandibles are more shining , with three teeth more acute and distinctly defined .

worker minima . it is probable that there are some of this class , and measuring less than the smallest of the minor class .

south africa , western cape and northern cape , gauteng , kruger national park .

small to medium ( body length 3 - 18 mm ) wasps , ant - like in appearance . antennae not elbowed . very hairy and usually black , often with reddish brown thorax and combination of red , yellow , white or silver spots or bands on abdomen . most species with a dark red thorax , and black abdomen marked with white spots or bands . the thorax is hard and difficult to pierce . body extremely hard and coarsely punctured , covered with soft velvety hairs . the females are wingless with box - like thorax and may often be seen running about restlessly in hot sunshine . the males of most species have dark wings with a metallic sheen . velvet ants exhibit extreme sexual dimorphism ; the males and females are so different , it is almost impossible to associate the two sexes of a species unless they are captured while mating . females are armed with strong curved stings and can inflict a painful wound .

afrotropical region : 1116 species ; australasian region : 306 species ; nearctic region : 435 species ; neotropical region : 1212 species ; oriental region : 637 species ; palearctic region : 524 species ; world : 4230 species .

superfamily : vespoidea ; family : mutillidae ; subfamily : mutillinae . tribe : mutillini . subtribe : smicromyrmina

from pretoria by saussure in distant ' s publication " naturalist in transvaal , 1892 , p . 225 , pl . 4 fig . 7 ) . the name

male : black , the eyes emarginate , the head rugose . thorax coarsely rugose ; the prothorax clothed with black pubescence ; the scutellum elevated and sparingly covered with black pubescense . metathorax with central loditunial carina . wings metallicdark brown with purple iridescense . abdomen shining , slightly punctured , thinly covered with black pubescense ; white velvety band of pubescense on the third segment .

established two species groups of males and seven groups of females , using different characters for the two sexes ( the presence / lack of a median carina on the last tergite , in males , and the abdominal vestiture pattern , in females ) , although he was unabie to correlate the sexes of the respective groups .

female : clypeus with apical half folded clearly concave and a tubercle at the base . labrum with 2 lateral teeth . inside edge of the mandibles with low preapical tooth . scutellar tubercle distinct . middle and hind tibia with 2 rows of fine spines . 3rd and 4th or only 3rd tergite with pale band , whole or broken in the middle . abdominal tergites may have two spots . black body with reddish thorax .

ectoparasitoids of larvae or pupa of other insects . diurnal . pronounced sexual dimorphism is evident .

active , small to very large , long - legged wasps , rear margin of pronotum reaching base of fore wings , antennae often curled . most species have glossy blue , black or brown bodies , sometimes with yellow or orange markings . most species have glossy blue , black or brown bodies , sometimes with yellow or orange markings . wings may be black with a blue sheen , orange to red or transparent . a few species are wingless . males are usually smaller , with longer antennae , and are sometimes differently coloured from females .

females run about on the ground flicking and jerking their wings . they provision their nests with one paralyzed spider per cell or , in some species , lay their eggs on prey caught by other pompilids .

predators of spiders . a single egg is layed on or in the abdomen of a spider that has been paralysed by the sting of the female wasp , either in the spider ' s own burrow or on a spider that has been paralysed , dragged and placed in a secluded crack , crevice , excavated burrow , or mud nest made by the wasp . some species are cleptoparasites of other species , laying their egg on a previously paralysed and concealed spider .

with most species of the pompilidae , the female wasp lays only one egg on a single spider . the larger the species of wasp , the larger the spider required . the size of the spider prey determines whether the egg will give rise to a male or female wasp . smaller prey results in an unfertilised and male - producing egg and larger prey in fertilised and female - producing egg .

after stinging its prey , the pompilid wasp drags its paralysed prey to a nesting site . the wasp does this by grasping the immobilised spider by an appendage such as a chelicerus ( jaw ) or leg , and drags it backwards over the ground , face to face with its prey . once the nesting site has been reached , the prey is hidden about 25 cm from it and nest excavation begins . this the female wasp does this with her front legs that are well equipped with a row of stout spines that serve as efficient rakes . the front legs alternate and the abdomen is held up to allow the excavated material to pile up behind the wasp . once the burrow is deep enough , the wasp drags the prey backwards into the nest and places it facing towards the burrow entrance . a single egg is then laid on the spider ' s abdomen .

in the darkness of its underground cell , the pompilid wasp egg hatches after about 2 days and eats all the soft tissue of the spider , starting with the abdomen and eventually leaving only the hollow cephalothorax and legs . after about 7 days , it then spins a silken cocoon and pupates within , and emerges as an adult wasp the following summer .

this cosmopolitan subfamily includes over 2000 species in about 100 genera . it includes some of the largest pompilids ; many are black with orange - red wings .

metasomal sternum 2 with distinct sharp transverse groove , but male often without sharp groove . fore wing with vein cui simple at base , without any definite downward deflection ( second discal cell ( 2d ) without a posterior " pocket " )

) . the paralysed spiders are dragged to a pre - excavated burrow , where they lay an egg on the spider . on hatching the larva feeds on the preserved prey item . species of

large ( body length 50 mm ) , wholly black , with black antennae , black legs and blue sheen to wings .

females hunt large spiders such as rain spiders ( palystes ) which they paralyse and drag to a pre - excavated burrow or crack or crevice . an egg is laid on the spider which provides the larva with food when it hatches .

medium - sized ( body length of males 19 mm , females 23 mm ) . head and antenae orange . thorax orange and black . abdomen black with reddish tip . legs orange . wings metallic blue .

picker , m . , griffiths , c & weaving , a . : field guide to insects of south africa


oncaea is a genus of copepods , containing the following species : oncaea africana shmeleva , 1979 oncaea alboranica shmeleva , 1979 oncaea atlantica shmeleva , 1967 oncaea bispinosa böttger-schnack , 2002 oncaea bowmani heron , 1977 oncaea brocha heron , 1977 oncaea brodskii shmeleva , 1968 oncaea clevei früchtl , 1923 oncaea compacta heron , 1977 oncaea convexa heron , 1977 oncaea cristata böttger-schnack , 2005 oncaea crypta böttger-schnack , 2005 oncaea curta g. o. sars , 1916 oncaea curvata giesbrecht , 1902 oncaea damkaeri heron , 1977 oncaea delicata heron , english & damkaer , 1984 oncaea englishi heron , 1977 oncaea furnestini shmeleva , 1979 oncaea glabra heron & frost , 2000 oncaea grossa heron & frost , 2000 oncaea heronae malt , 1982 oncaea illgi heron , 1977 oncaea infantula k. t. gordeeva , 1972 oncaea insolita heron & frost , 2000 oncaea lacinia heron , english & damkaer , 1984 oncaea latimana k. t. gordeeva , 1975 oncaea longipes shmeleva , 1968 oncaea longiseta shmeleva , 1968 oncaea macilenta heron , 1977 oncaea media giesbrecht , 1891 oncaea mediterranea ( claus , 1863 ) oncaea memorata k. t. gordeeva , 1973 oncaea minima shmeleva , 1968 oncaea minor shmeleva , 1979 oncaea mollicula k. t. gordeeva , 1975 oncaea notopus giesbrecht , 1891 oncaea oceanica k. t. gordeeva , 1972 oncaea olsoni heron , 1977 oncaea ornata giesbrecht , 1891 oncaea ovalis shmeleva , 1966 oncaea parabathyalis böttger-schnack , 2005 oncaea paraclevei böttger-schnack , 2001 oncaea parila heron , 1977 oncaea petila heron , 1977 oncaea philippinensis ( kazachenko & avdeev , 1977 ) oncaea platysetosa boxshall & böttger , 1987 oncaea prendeli shmeleva , 1966 oncaea prolata heron , 1977 oncaea pumilis heron , 1977 oncaea rimula heron & frost , 2000 oncaea rotata heron & frost , 2000 oncaea rotunda heron , 1977 oncaea rotundata boxshall , 1977 oncaea scottodicarloi heron & bradford-grieve , 1995 oncaea setosa heron , 1977 oncaea shmelevi k. t. gordeeva , 1972 oncaea tenella g. o. sars , 1916 oncaea tenuimana giesbrecht , 1891 oncaea tregoubovi shmeleva , 1968 oncaea venusta philippi , 1843 oncaea vodjanitskii shmeleva & delalo , 1965 oncaea waldemari bersano & boxshall , 1996 oncaea walleni heron , 1977 oncaea zernovi shmeleva , 1966 a number of nomina dubia and species inquirendae have also been described in oncaea : nomina dubia oncaea neobscura razouls , 1969 oncaea obscura farran , 1908 oncaea parobscura shmeleva , 1979 species inquirendae oncaea bathyalis shmeleva , 1968 oncaea crassimana ( dana , 1849 ) oncaea frosti heron , 2002 oncaea gracilis ( dana , 1852 ) oncaea obtusa ( dana , 1852 )

oncaea

oncaea <EOT> species oncaea ancora gordeeva k . t . , 1973 accepted as epicalymma ancora ( gordeeva k . t . , 1973 )

species oncaea borealis sars g . o . , 1918 accepted as triconia borealis ( sars g . o . , 1918 )

species oncaea expressa gordeeva k . t . , 1973 accepted as conaea expressa ( gordeeva k . t . , 1973 )

species oncaea similis sars g . o . , 1918 accepted as triconia similis ( sars g . o . , 1918 )

shmeleva , a . a . ( 1967 ) . new oncaea species ( copepodia , cyclopoida ) from south - western part of the atlantic ocean . novyi vid oncaea ( copepoda , cyclopoida ) iz yugozapadnoi chasti atlanticheskogo okeana . zoologicheskii zhurnal 46 ( 4 ) : 621 - 622 , figs . 1 - 2 . ( 10 - iv - 1967 , russian with english summary ) . [ details ]

issued from : y . - b . go , b . - c . oh & m . terazaki in j . mar . syst . , 1998 , 15 . [ p . 480 , fig . 4 ] . attacking behaviors of oncaea spp . on the body of sagitta ( chaetognatha ) . fvl : head trunk in front fins ; vg : ventral ganglion ; cs : caudal septum nota : direct underwater observations with scuba were performed at night . the attack behavior of oncaea started mostly below the stationary sagitta in the field . the attack distance at which oncaea spp . approached sagitta from below was about 5 - 6 cm ; the attacking behavior from the upper side of sagitta was observed only occasionally , and the attack distance was about 1 - 3 cm . this behaviour suggests that oncaea is not a touch feeder . the attachment sites of oncaea on the body of sagitta spp . were for a total of 320 individuals : ventral side 56 . 3 % , lateral side 32 . 8 % and dorsal side 10 . 9 % . oncaea crept directly to the chaetognath tail or the head region using their second antennae , and pierced the body of chaetognaths with the long claw of the maxilliped , and moved maxillae and mandibles . the chaetognaths did not move at all when this copepod was crawling on the body .

arthur g . humes ; oncaea praeclara n . sp . ( copepoda : poecilostomatoida ) from deep - sea hydrothermal vents in the eastern pacific , journal of plankton research , volume 10 , issue 3 , 1 may 1988 , pages 475–485 , urltoken

common in the ? samples taken in the vicinity of the vents by means of box corers and slurp guns ? ( humes 1988 ) . oncaea sp . has been found in plankton over the mid - atlantic ridge among dirivultids and subadult calanoids ( ivanenko 1998 ) . most of more than 70 species of oncaea occur in the epipelagic zone , several species have been found in the deep bathypelagic zone . go et al . ( 1998 ) recently reported that oncaea feeds on the integuments of various planktonic animals and inflicts especially heavy injuries to chaetognaths ; the copepods of this group ? must gnaw or cut out pieces of host integument with their mandibles . to do this , they adhere tightly to the host by means of their antennae and maxillipeds ? ( heptner & ivanenko 2002 ) .

bottger - schnack , r . ( 2001 ) . " taxonomy of oncaeidae ( copepoda , poecilostomatoida ) from the red sea . ii . seven species of oncaea s . str . " bulletin of natural history museum 67 ( 1 ) : 25 - 84 .

non antaria gracilis dana , 1849 ; 1852 ; oncaea pyriformis lubbock , 1860 ; antaria coerulescens claus , 1866 ( p . 19 ) ; oncaea obtusa : brady , 1883 ( part . , p . 120 , figs . f , m ) ; thompson , 1888 d ( p . 148 ) ; kovalev & shmeleva , 1982 ( p . 85 ) ; oncäa venusta : giesbrecht , 1892 ( p . 590 , 602 , 774 , figs . f , m ) ; ? razouls , 1972 ( p . 95 , annexe : p . 111 , figs . f , m ) ; 1974 b ( p . 236 , figs . f , m ) ; oncaea praeclara humes , 1988 ( p . 475 , figs ; f , m ) ; suarez - morales & gasca , 1998 a ( p . 112 )

the female urosome of oncaea media figured by razouls 1974 ( his fig . 5a ) was obviously not based on an adult specimen ( deficient number of urosome segments ) . later on , this ( incorrect ) figure was also included in the publication by conway et al ( 2003 ) .

issued from : p . tutasi , s . palma & m . caceres in scienc . mar . , 2011 , 75 ( 4 ) . [ p . 798 , fig . 7a ] geographic distribution of oncaea venusta in september and october 2001 , associated with the weak la niña event of 2001 .

issued from : r . böttger - schnack in bull . nat . hist . mus . lond . ( zool . ) , 2001 , 67 ( 1 ) . [ p . 50 , table 2 ] . body length ( mm ) of oncaea venusta f . typica and venella from the red sea . .

boxshall , g . a . & r . böttger . ( 1987 ) . two new species of oncaea ( copepoda : poecilostomatoida ) from the red sea and a redescription of o . atlantica shmeleva . journal of plankton research 9 ( 3 ) : 553 - 564 , figs . 1 - 6 . [ details ]

issued from : e . chatton in arch . zool . exp . & gen . , 1920 , 59 , [ p . 167 , fig . 68 ] . oncaea media female parasited by blastodinium mangini var . oncaae ( dinoflagellate ) . a , lateral view with the parasites inside the gut ; b , two individuals .

issued from : r . böttger - schnack in bull . nat . hist . mus . lond . ( zool . ) , 2001 , 67 ( 1 ) . [ p . 37 , fig . 7 ] . oncaea venusta f . typica . male ( from red sea ) : a , p1 ( distal part of endopod ) ; b , p2 ( distal part of endopod ) ; c , p3 ( distal part of endopod ) . oncaea venusta f . venella . male ( from red sea ) : d , p1 ( distal part of endopod ) ; e , p2 ( distal part of endopod ) ; f , p3 ( distal part of endopod ) .

issued from : g . a . heron in hydrobiologia , 2002 , 480 . [ p . 153 , fig . 6 ] . female : pediger 2 - 4 and urosome ( lateral ) . a , oncaea venusta philippi ; b , oncaea frosti heron ; c , oncaea venella farran . nota : o . venusta is the largest of the three species . in preserved samples , it is rare to find either sex of the species where the urosome is not flexed at a 45° angle to the prosome , and the two postgenital segments and the anal seglment telescoped . exoskeleton strongly chitinized and ornamentation conspicuous ; pediger 2 without a conspicuous mid - dorsal dilationnin lateral view ; caudal ramus length variable , slightly shorter or longer than the sum of the three preceding segments . freshly collected specimens of o . venusta from the gulf of naples and new zeland areas both showed a purple - crimson shading on the widest portion of the prosome , posterior of genital segment , anterior of caudal rami , maxillipeds , and of the legs .

issued from : g . a . boxshall in brit . mus . nat . hist . , zool . , 1977 , 31 ( 3 ) . [ p . 125 , fig . 11 , c , h ] . as oncaea venusta forma typica . female ( fro 18°n , 25°w ) : c , habitus ( dorsal ) ; h , mxp .

issued from : r . böttger - schnack in bull . nat . hist . mus . lond . ( zool . ) , 2001 , 67 ( 1 ) . [ p . 51 , table 3 ] . comparison of morphological characters of oncaea venusta gisbrecht from the gulf of naples with two forms , f . typica and f . venella from the red sea .

issued from : a . a . shmeleva in bull . inst . oceanogr . , monaco , 1965 , 65 ( n°1351 ) . [ table 6 : 42 ] . oncaea venusta ( from south adriatic ) . dimensions , volume and weight wet . means for 50 - 60 specimens . volume and weight calculated by geometrical method . assumed that the specific gravity of the copepod body is equal to 1 , then the volume will correspond to the weight .

3x5 c . b . wilson taxonomic card - antaria note : on these cards , the genus antaria is erroneously placed in the family corycaeidae . ( from synonym antaria dana , 1846 ) 3x5 c . b . wilson taxonomic card - myspictosum ( from synonym myspictosum kazachenko & avdeev , 1977 ) 3x5 c . b . wilson taxonomic card - oncaea 3x5 j . s . ho taxonomic card - antaria ( from synonym antaria dana , 1846 ) 3x5 j . s . ho taxonomic card - myspictosum ( from synonym myspictosum kazachenko & avdeev , 1977 ) 3x5 j . s . ho taxonomic card - oncaea interactive ( multi - access ) identification key for female oncaeidae of the world ocean marine planktonic copepods ( banyuls / oob / upmc / cnrs ) note : including taxonomic identification plates , remarks , geographic distribution , ecological information & reference list to biological information system for marine life ( bismal ) to genbank to itis

issued from : r . böttger - schnack in bull . nat . hist . mus . lond . ( zool . ) , 2001 , 67 ( 1 ) . [ p . 34 , fig . 4 ] . oncaea venusta f . typica . female : a , p1 ( anterior ) [ a , 3rd endopod segment , showing aberrant spine number ) ; b , p2 ( anterior ) ; c , p3 ( anterior ) ; d , p4 ( anterior ) .

issued from : g . a . heron in hydrobiologia , 2002 , 480 . [ p . 152 , table 1 ] . length measurements ( : body length , pl : prosome length , in mm ) for adult females and males of oncaea venusta , o . frosti and o . venella . data are mean lengths ( bold ) , number of specimens measured ( parentheses ) , ranges , and standard error ( se ) at each locality ; - , no specimens .

issued from : a . g . humes in j . plankton res . , 1988 , 10 ( 3 ) . [ p . 477 , fig . 3 ] . as oncaea praeclara . female : a , area between mxp and p1 ( ventral ) ; b , idem ( lateral ) ; c , p1 and intercoxal plate ( anterior ) ; d , p2 ( anterior ) ; e , p3 ( anterior ) ; e , p3 ; f , p4 ( anterior ) ; g , p5 ( dorsal ) .

issued from : j . m . fuentes - reinés & e . suarez - morales in check list , 2017 , 13 ( 5 ) . [ p . 515 , figs . 4 , 5 ] . oncaea venusta female ( from rodadero bay , n colombia ) : 4 , urosome ( dorsal ) ; 5 , anal somite and caudal rami ( dorsal ) . nota : genital double - somite about 1 . 8 times as long as wide . - anal somite with paired dorsal pore on posterior margin . - caudal ramus about 3 . 5 times as long as wide .

a new species of planktonic copepod , oncaea praeclara , is described from a depth of 2003–2635 m at the east pacific rise , the galapagos rift , and the guaymas basin in the gulf of california . the species may be recognized by a combination of characters : its relatively large size ; the long caudal ramus , which is about two times longer than the anal segment and has a ratio of 4 . 96–6 . 7 : 1 ; the sexual dimorphism in the armature of the fourth segment of the second antenna ; and the labrum with a nearly straight posteroventral margin having four median teeth and lateral setules .

issued from : r . böttger - schnack in bull . nat . hist . mus . lond . ( zool . ) , 2001 , 67 ( 1 ) . [ p . 33 , fig . 3 ] . oncaea venusta f . typica . female : a , a2 ( posterior ; lateral elements are numbered using roman numerals , distal elements indicated by capital letters ) ; b , labrum ( anterior , slit - like pores arrowed ) ; c , idem ( posterior ) ; d , md ( showing individual elements , identified using capital letters ) ; e , mx1 ; f , mx2 ; g , mxp .

issued from : r . böttger - schnack in bull . nat . hist . mus . lond . ( zool . ) , 2001 , 67 ( 1 ) . [ p . 36 , fig . 6 ] . oncaea venusta f . typica . male ( from red sea ) : a , habitus ( dorsal ; arrows indicating position of lateral raised pores ) ; b , a1 ; c , mxp ( anterior ) ; d , urosome ( dorsal ) ; e , idem ( ventral ) ; f , idem ( lateral ; spermatophores fylly developed ) ; g , p5 ( dorsal ) ; h , a2 ( posterior ) .

issued from : r . böttger - schnack in bull . nat . hist . mus . lond . ( zool . ) , 2001 , 67 ( 1 ) . [ p . 32 , fig . 2 ] . oncaea venusta f . typica . female ( from red sea ) : a , habitus ( dorsal ; lateral raised pore enlarged ) ; b , idem ( lateral left side ) ; c , urosome ( dorsal ) ; d , idem ( lateral left side ) ; e , a1 ( small sensory element arrowed ) ; f , caudal ramus ( dorsal ; setae and numbered using roman numerals ) ; g , p6 .

issued from : a . g . humes in j . plankton res . , 1988 , 10 ( 3 ) . [ p . 477 , fig . 2 ] . as oncaea praeclara . female : a , urosome with egg sac ( lateral ) ; b , rostrum and labrum ( ventral ) ; c , a1 ( postero - inner ) ; d , a2 ( antero - outer ) ; e , md ( anterior view ) ; f , paragnaths , mx1 and labial area ( ventral ) ; g , mx2 ( antero - outer ) ; h , mxp ( anterior ) ; i , claw of mxp ( posterior ) .

oncaea media giesbrecht is often mixed up with o . scottodicarloi and o . waldemari . morphological separation between the first two species are given in detail by heron & bradford - grieve ( 1995 ) , who also pointed out that giesbrecht´s drawing of the female urosome of o . media ( his plate 47 , fig . 11 ) in fact showed the urosome of o . scottodicarloi . thus , giesbrecht´s figure of the female urosome shown in this database ( above ) should be omitted or a corresponding remark should be added to the legend . for a morphological distinction between all three species of the media - complex see böttger - schnack ( 2001 ) .

issued from : a . g . humes in j . plankton res . , 1988 , 10 ( 3 ) . [ p . 477 , fig . 4 ] . as oncaea praeclara . male : a , habitus ( dorsal ) ; b , idem ( lateral ) ; c , urosome ( ventral ) ; d , 3rd segment of a2 ( postero - inner ) ; e , mxp ( anterior ) ; g , spermatophore , partly extruded from male ( ventral ) . nota : p5 reduced to low ridge bearing 2 setae ( lengths 23 and 36 microm . ) , and 1 adjacent ( length 31 microm . p6 represented by posteroventral flap on genital segment bearing spiniform process but no setae

issued from : a . g . humes in j . plankton res . , 1988 , 10 ( 3 ) . [ p . 477 , fig . 1 ] . as oncaea praeclara . female ( from galapagos rift ) : a , habitus ( dorsal ) ; b , idem ( lateral ) ; c , urosome ( dorsal ) ; d , genital area ( lateral ) ; e , caudal ramus ( dorsal ) . nota : ratio of length of prosome to that of urosome 1 . 49 : 1 . caudal ramus with fine setules along the inner margin , elongate , 125 microm . length , 23 microm . wide proximally ( 17 medially and 20 distally , ratio 6 . 7 : 1 based on medial width

oncäa media giesbrecht , 1891 ; 1892 ( p . 591 , 602 , 774 , figs . f , m ) ; no o . media : giesbrecht , 1892 ( pl . 47 : fig . 11 ) ; razouls , 1972 ( p . 95 , annexe : p . 113 , figs . f , non m ) ; 1974 b ( p . 238 , figs . f , non m ) ; o . curta : corral estrada & genicio de corral , 1970 ( p . 30 , pl . xii , figs . 1 - 5 ) oncaea media hymena peterson & miller , 1975 ( p . 642 , 650 , occurrence ) ; 1976 ( p . 14 , table 1 , 2 , abundance vs interannual variations ) ; 1977 ( p . 717 , table 1 , seasonal occurrence )

epi - to mesopelagic , also demersal and semi - parasitic . sampling depth ( antarct . , sub - antarct . ) : 400 m . overall depth range in sargasso sea : 0 - 500 m ( deevey & brooks , 1977 , station " s " ) . 0 - 1236 m at station t - 1 ( e tori is , e middle japan ) from furuhashi ( 1966 a ) . this species presents 2 forms ( sub - species ? ) that are characterised by their dimensions . sewell ( 1947 ) suggests also that their spawning season is different . for this author the forma typica is characterized by : the proportional lengths of the anterior and posterior regions of the body as 59 : 41 , and the length and breadth of the anterior region are as 59 to 29 . . the proportional lengths of the segments of the posterior region ( 5th thoracic segment to caudal rami ) as 13 : 46 : 7 : 7 : 9 : 18 . in the forma venella the proportional lengths of the anterior and posterior regions of the body as 60 to 40 , and the length and breadth of the anterior region as 60 to 24 . the proportional lengths of the segments of the posterior region ( 5th thoracic segment to caudal rami ) as 13 : 43 : 7 : 8 : 9 : 20 = 100 . the proportions of the caudal rami are as 23 to 6 . for tanaka ( 1960 , p . 71 ) the two forrms : large and small , are present in his material . female : the proportional lengths of the anterior and posterior regions of the body are as 57 to 43 . the anterior region is 1 . 7 times as long as wide ( 63 : 37 ) . the proportional lengths of the segments of the posterior region ( caudal rami included ) as 13 : 48 : 5 : 5 : 9 : 20 = 100 . caudal rami 4 times as long as broad . heron ( 2002 ) considers the two varieties o . venusta typica and o . venusta venella as two species ( see remarks in oncaea venella and frosti ) , position objected to by böttger - schnack & huys ( 2004 ) . after kazkazmi ( 2004 , p . 232 ) , although free living and pelagic , the species has been found on fish gills ( kazatchenko & adeev , 1977 ) or in a sponge ( ho , 1984 ) and now from the sand ( kazmi & naushaba , 2000 ) . see in dvp conway & al . , 2003 ( version 1 )

walter , t . c . & boxshall , g . ( 2018 ) . world of copepods database .

( of myspictosum kazachenko & avdeev , 1977 ) kazachenko , v . n . & g . v . avdeev . ( 1977 ) . paraziticheskie kopepody ( copepoda , crustacea ) v sborakh 57 - go reisa nis ' vityaz ' v zapadnoi tropicheskoi chasti tikhogo okeana i moryakh indomalaiskogo arkhipelaga . parasitic copepods ( crustacea ) collected during the 57th cruise of the rv ' vityaz ' in the glubokovodnye biologicheskie issledovaniya v zapadnoi tropicheskoi chasti tikhogo okeana . , trudy inst . okeanol . 107 : 30 - 48 , figs . 1 - 10 . ( russian with english summary ) [ details ]

boxshall , g . ( 2001 ) . copepoda ( excl . harpacticoida ) , in : costello , m . j . et al . ( ed . ) ( 2001 ) . european register of marine species : a check - list of the marine species in europe and a bibliography of guides to their identification . collection patrimoines naturels , 50 : pp . 252 - 268 ( look up in imis ) [ details ]

( of antaria dana , 1846 ) walter , chad . the world of copepods . , available online at urltoken [ details ]

( of myspictosum kazachenko & avdeev , 1977 ) walter , chad . the world of copepods . , available online at urltoken [ details ]

( of conaea atlantica ( shmeleva , 1967 ) ) walter , chad . the world of copepods . , available online at urltoken [ details ]

html public " - / / w3c / / dtd html 4 . 0 transitional / / en " " urltoken "

issued from : f . c . ramirez in contr . inst . biol . mar . , buenos aires , 1969 , 98 . [ p . 90 , lam . xviii , figs . 148 , 157 ] . female ( from off mar del plata ) : 148 , habitus ( lateral left side ) ; 157 , a2 . scale bars in mm : 0 . 3 ( 148 ) ; 0 . 05 ( 157 ) .

issued from : f . c . ramirez in contr . inst . biol . mar . , buenos aires , 1969 , 98 . [ p . 86 , lam . xvii , figs . 138 , 145 ] . female ( from off mar del plata ) : 138 , habitus ( dorsal ) ; 145 , urosome ( dorsal ) . scale bars in mm : 2 ( 138 ) ; 0 . 2 ( 145 ) .

issued from : q . - c chen & s . - z . zhang & c . - s . zhu in studia marina sinica , 1974 , 9 . [ pl . 6 , figs . 1 - 5 ] . female ( from off - shore chekiang province ) : 1 , habitus ( dorsal ) ; 2 , p3 ; 3 , p4 . male : 4 , habitus ( dorsal ) ; 5 , posterior portion of abdomen .

issued from : r . böttger - schnack & r . huys in hydrobiologia , 2004 , 513 . [ p . 3 , table 1 ] . total body length ( mm ) of size variants of female in different areas of the atlantic , indian and pacific ocean . size groups exhibiting a dorsal swelling on the p2 - bearing somite are marked in bold . * = single specimen .

issued from : g . a . boxshall in brit . mus . nat . hist . , zool . , 1977 , 31 ( 3 ) . [ p . 124 ] . female : armature formula of swimming legs p1 to p4 . roman numeral : spine ; arabic numeral : seta .

issued from : g . a . boxshall in brit . mus . nat . hist . , zool . , 1977 , 31 ( 3 ) . [ p . 126 , fig . 12 , a - d ] . male : a , urosome ( ventral ) ; b , a2 ( anterior ) ; c , mx1 ( posterior ) ; d , mxp ( anterior ) . nota : caudal rami about 1 . 8 times longer than anal somite and about 2 . 2 times longer than broad . a1 4 - segmented . mx1 bilobed ; outer lobe with 4 setae , the outermost seta is slender and unarmed ; inner lobe with 3 setae .

issued from : j . h . wi , h . - l suh , h . s . yang & h . y . soh in ocean sci . j . , 2008 , 43 ( 4 ) . [ p . 185 , fig . 1 ] . female ( from yellow sea , korea waters ) : a - b , habitus ( dorsal and lateral , respectively ) ; c , a1 ; d , a2 ; e , md ( with 6 elements indicated by small letters ) ; f , mx1 ; g , mx2 ; h , mxp ; i , p5 ; j , p6 . nota : a1 6 - segmented . md : gnathobase with 5 elements ( a - e ) ; ventral element a shorter than ventral blade , with long , fine spinules along dorsal side ; ventral blade b strong and extensive spiniform , with row of setules on posterior part ; dorsal blade c strong and broad , with 3 dentiform processes along distal margin ; 2 dorsal elements setiform , of which ventral one d shorter , flat and densely setose , dorsalmost one e longer and multipinnate . mx1 single segmented , weakly bilobed : inner lobe ( = praecoxal arthrite ) with 3 elements and outer lobe with 4 elements ( outermost one long spiniform having row of spinules ) . mx2 2 - segmented : syncoxa unarmed ; allobasis produced distally into slightly curved claw bearing 2 rows of very strong spinules along medial margin ; outer margin with strong seta extending almost to tip of allobasal claw , ornamented with few minute spinules distally ; inner margin with slender pinnate seta and strong spine . mxp 4 - segmented , composed of syncoxa , basis extensive and robust , with 2 spiniform spinulose elements nearly equal in length and patches of long setules on inner margin ; 1st endopodal segment without ornamentation ; 2nd one with spinulose claw along concave margin , naked seta on outer proximal margin and unipectinate spine joined to inner margin . proportional lenths ( % ) of urosomal segments and caudal rami 9 . 52 : 47 . 6 : 6 . 7 : 9 . 52 : 20 . 0 . p5 with small plumose growing from lateral surface of somite , and small free exopod without ornamentation , exopod slightly longer than wide , bearing 2 naked setae . p6 expressed as operculum around each genital aperture with spine . caudal rami about 3 times as long as wide with 6 elements .

issued from : j . h . wi , h . - l suh , h . s . yang & h . y . soh in ocean sci . j . , 2008 , 43 ( 4 ) . [ p . 186 , fig . 2 ] . female : a - d , p1 to p4 .

issued from : j . h . wi , h . - l suh , h . s . yang & h . y . soh in ocean sci . j . , 2008 , 43 ( 4 ) . [ p . 185 , fig . 1 ] . female : armature formula , spines ( roman numerals ) and setae ( arabic numerals ) .

issued from : j . h . wi , h . - l suh , h . s . yang & h . y . soh in ocean sci . j . , 2008 , 43 ( 4 ) . [ p . 188 , fig . 3 ] . male : a - b , habitus ( dorsal and lateral , respectively ) ; c , a1 ; d , a2 ; e , mxp ; f - i , endopods of p1 to p4 , respectively ; j , p5 . nota : a1 4 - segmented ; distal segment corresponding to fused segments 4 - 6 of female ; a2 coxobasis having naked and short seta at innerdistal corner ; distal endopodal segment with seta iii more stout than in female , seta iv spiniform and curved , both elements shorter than in female . p6 expressed as posterolateral flap closing off genital aperture on either side ; covered by minute denticles .

issued from : w . giesbrecht in systematik und faunistik der pelagischen copepoden des golfes von neapel und der angrenzenden meeres - abschnitte . – fauna flora golf . neapel , 1892 , 19 : 1 - 831 , atlas von 54 tafeln . [ taf . 47 , figs . 5 , 13 ] . as oncäa venusta . female : 5 , habitus ( dorsal ) ; 13 , same ( lateral ) .

issued from : w . giesbrecht in systematik und faunistik der pelagischen copepoden des golfes von neapel und der angrenzenden meeres - abschnitte . – fauna flora golf . neapel , 1892 , 19 , atlas von 54 tafeln . [ taf . 47 , fig . 19 ] . as oncäa venusta . female : 19 , a2 ( posterior view ) .

issued from : w . giesbrecht in systematik und faunistik der pelagischen copepoden des golfes von neapel und der angrenzenden meeres - abschnitte . – fauna flora golf . neapel , 1892 , 19 , atlas von 54 tafeln . [ taf . 47 , figs . 50 , 54 , 58 ] . as oncäa venusta . female : 50 , mx2 ; 54 , mx1 ; 58 , md .

issued from : w . giesbrecht in systematik und faunistik der pelagischen copepoden des golfes von neapel und der angrenzenden meeres - abschnitte . – fauna flora golf . neapel , 1892 , 19 , atlas von 54 tafeln . [ taf . 47 , fig . 44 ] . as oncäa venusta . female : 44 , mxp .

issued from : w . giesbrecht in systematik und faunistik der pelagischen copepoden des golfes von neapel und der angrenzenden meeres - abschnitte . – fauna flora golf . neapel , 1892 , 19 , atlas von 54 tafeln . [ taf . 47 , fig . 39 ] . as oncäa venusta . female : 39 , p4 ( posterior view ) .

issued from : w . giesbrecht in systematik und faunistik der pelagischen copepoden des golfes von neapel und der angrenzenden meeres - abschnitte . – fauna flora golf . neapel , 1892 , 19 , atlas von 54 tafeln . [ taf . 47 , fig . 2 ] . as oncäa venusta . male : 2 , urosome ( ventral ) .

issued from : c . razouls in th . doc . etat fac . sc . paris vi , 1972 , annexe . [ fig . 66 ] . female ( from banyuls , g . of lion ) : a , urosome ; b , mxp ; c , a1 ; d , a2 ; e , p4 ; f , endopodite of p3 ; g , p1 ; h , p2 .

issued from : c . razouls in th . doc . etat fac . sc . paris vi , 1972 , annexe . [ fig . 67 ] . male : a , urosome ; b , a2 ; c , mxp .

issued from : g . a . heron & j . m . bradford - grieve in new zealand oceanogr . inst memoir 104 . niwa , 1995 . [ p . 34 , fig . 14 , e - l ] female : e , habitus ( lateral ) [ q ] ; f , same ( dorsal ) [ q ] ; g , anterior of prosome ( ventral ) [ r ] ; h , right a2 [ s ] ; i , labrum ( ventral ) [ u ] ; j , right md [ u ] ; k , left mx1 [ u ] ; l , right mx2 [ w ] . scale bars : see p . 13 , fig . 2 . letter in brackets .

issued from : g . a . heron & j . m . bradford - grieve in new zealand oceanogr . inst memoir 104 . niwa , 1995 . [ p . 35 , fig . 15 , a - j ] female : a , right mxp [ s ] ; b , p1 [ y ] ; c , p2 [ y ] ; d , p3 [ y ] ; e , p4 [ y ] ; f , p5 [ s ] . male : g , habitus ( lateral ) [ q ] ; h , same ( dorsal ) [ q ] ; i , 3rd segment of right a2 [ s ] ; j , left mxp [ s ] . scale bars : see p . 13 , fig . 2 . letter in brackets .

issued from : s . - h . hsiao , j . - s . hwang & t . - h . fang in crustaceana , 2010 , 83 ( 2 ) . [ p . 184 , table i ] . copepods collected from the sea around northern taiwan and from southern east china sea extending to the okinawa trough , to study possible spatial heterogeneity . the content of the same metal shows considerable variation both intra - and inter - specifically . the metal concentrations in males are higher than in females . copepod metal quota display spatial variation : coastal water > southern east china sea > kuroshio water , suggesting that the metal contents of copepods are influenced by the water quality of their marine environment .

issued from : s . - h . hsiao , s . kâ , t . - h . fang & j . - s . hwang in hydrobiologia , 2011 , 666 . [ p . 326 , fig . 6 ] . variations in the most abundant copepod species ( mean ± se ) along the transect in the boundary waters between the northern part taiwan strait and the east china sea i march ( black bar ) and october ( grey bar ) 2005 ( mann - whitney u test , sig . * p < 0 . 05 . see drawings of hydrological conditions and superficial marine currents in calanus sinicus .

cosmopolite ( equatorial , tropical , sub - tropical , temperate ) . from north pacific , also : bering sea , gulf of alaska ; from south : se australia , new zealand . from the north atlantic it seems with difficulty reach the latitude 45° , although noted from east nova scotia ( in sameoto & al . , 2002 ) , from labrador and north hudson bay ( in wilson , 1936 d ) ; from the south of south africa and buenos aires , brazil ( s , off rio de janeiro , vitoria bay , ubatuba , off macaé , paranagua estuary , camamu , off natal ) , in antarctic ( weddell sea in voronina & kolosova ( 1999 ) , sub - antarctic ( indiian , se pacif . ) , arctic . ( continent ) , also : hawaii ( kaneohe bay ) , clipperton is . , galapagos rift , e pacif . rise , baja california ( bahia magdalena ) , g . of california ( guaymas basin ) , coyuca lagoon ( guerrero ) , acapulco bay , caribbean colombia , rodadero bay , w costa rica , g . of mexico , off mississipi river mouth , off bermuda ( station " s " ) , delaware bay ( outside ) , bahia cupica ( colombi ) , peru , chile ( n , concepcion ) , australia ( north west cape ) , e korea , cheju island , china seas ( yellow sea , east china sea , south china sea , changjiang river estuary ) , off sw taiwan , taiwan strait , taiwan ( s , ne , e : kuroshio & oyashio currents ) , kueishan is . , korea strait , japan , kuchinoerabu is . , sagami bay , tosa bay , tokyo bay , malaysia ( sarawak : bintulu coast ) , se india ( mallipayyinam - manamelkudi , mediterranean sea ( black sea included ) , g . of guinea , off lagos , red sea

502 ? ( probably less because inadequacy précision with o . venella , if it is maintened )

see my comments on the taxonomic status of the form variants of o . venusta given in the database " world register of marine species ( worms ) " .

razouls c . , de bovée f . , kouwenberg j . et desreumaux n . , 2005 - 2018 . - diversity and geographic distribution of marine planktonic copepods . sorbonne université , cnrs . available at urltoken [ accessed july 09 , 2018 ]

issued from : q . - c chen & s . - z . zhang & c . - s . zhu in studia marina sinica , 1974 , 9 . [ pl . 6 , figs . 12 - 15 ] . with doubt . female ( from off - shore chekiang ) : 12 , habitus ( dorsal ) ; 13 , mxp ; 14 , p4 . male : 15 , habitus ( dorsal ) .

issued from : r . böttger - schnack in bull . nat . hist . mus . lond . ( zool . ) , 2001 , 67 ( 1 ) . [ p . 356 , fig . 16 ] . male ( from red sea ) : a , habitus ( dorsal ) ; b , p5 ( dorsal ) ; c , p6 ( aberrant posterolateral corner arrowed ) ; d , a2 ( anterior ) ; e , md . nota : proportional lengths ( % ) of urosomites and caudal rami 10 . 9 : 58 . 7 : 3 . 8 : 3 . 3 : 3 . 8 : 7 . 6 : 11 . 9 .

issued from : r . böttger - schnack in bull . nat . hist . mus . lond . ( zool . ) , 2001 , 67 ( 1 ) . [ p . 56 , table 4 ] . sexual dimorphism in spine length ( mm ) on distal endopod segment of p2 - p4 in o . media from the red sea . ( data represent single measurments ) .

issued from : r . böttger - schnack in bull . nat . hist . mus . lond . ( zool . ) , 2001 , 67 ( 1 ) . [ p . 57 , table 5 ] . list of important characters separating o . media and related species . data of o . curta after sars ( 1918 ) , remaining data from present study .

issued from : w . giesbrecht in systematik und faunistik der pelagischen copepoden des golfes von neapel und der angrenzenden meeres - abschnitte . – fauna flora golf . neapel , 1892 . atlas von 54 tafeln . [ taf . 47 , figs . 32 , 33 ] . as oncäa media . male : 32 , endopodal segment 3 of p3 ; 33 , endopodal segment 3 of p2 .

issued from : g . a . boxshall in bull . br . mus . nat . hist . ( zool . ) , 1977 , 31 ( 3 ) . [ p . 132 , fig . 16 , f - k ] . female ( from 18°n , 25°w ) : f , urosome ( dorsal ) ; g , a2 ( anterior ) ; h , md ( anterior ) ; h , md ( anterior ) ; i , mx1 ( anterior ) ; j , mxp ( anterior ; k , p4 ( posterior ) .

issued from : z . zheng , s . li , s . j . li & b . chen in marine planktonic copepods in chinese waters . shanghai sc . techn . press , 1982 [ p . 101 , fig . 59 ] . doubtful . female : a , habitus ( dorsal ) ; b , mxp ; c , p4 . male : d , habitus ( dorsal ) ; e , urosome ( ventral ) ; f , endopodal segments 2 and 3 of p2 ; g , endopodal segments 2 and 3 of p3 . scale bars in mm .

issued from : j . h . wi , y . h . yoon & h . y . soh in ocean sci . j . , 2009 , 44 ( 2 ) . [ p . 106 , fig . 8 ] . female ( from s korea ) : a - b , habitus ( dorsal and lateral , respectively ) ; c , a1 ; d , a2 ; e , labrum ( posterior ) ; f , md ; g , mx1 ; h , mxp ; i , p1 ; j , p5 . scale bars in micrometers .

issued from : j . h . wi , y . h . yoon & h . y . soh in ocean sci . j . , 2009 , 44 ( 2 ) . [ p . 108 , fig . 9 , a - c ] . female : a , p2 ; b , p3 ; c , p4 . scale bar in micrometers .

issued from : j . h . wi , y . h . yoon & h . y . soh in ocean sci . j . , 2009 , 44 ( 2 ) . [ p . 108 , fig . 9 , d - j ] . male : d - e , habitus ( dorsal and lateral , respectively ) ; f , a2 ; g , mxp ; h , endopodite 3 of p2 ; i , endopodite 3 of p3 ; j , p6 ( represented by posterolateral flap closing off genital aperture on each side ) . scale bars in micrometers .

issued from : c . razouls in vie milieu , 1974 b ( p . , figs . m ) male from banyuls , g . of lion ) : a , urosome ( dorsal ) ; b , a1 ; c , mxp ; d , a2 ( setae on distal segment missing ) ; e , p4 ; f , distal expansion on genital segment ) .

issued from : g . a . heron & j . m . bradford - grieve in new zealand oceanogr . inst memoir 104 . niwa , 1995 . [ p . 37 , fig . 16 ] . female : a , habitus ( dorsal ) [ r ] ; b , right a1 [ s ] ; c , right a2 [ z ] ; d , labrum ( ventral ) [ t ] ; e , right md [ u ] ; f , left mx1 [ u ] ; g , left mx2 [ z ] ; h , right mxp [ z ] ; i , p1 [ z ] ; j , p2 [ z ] ; k , p3 [ z ] . scales in p . 13 , fig . 2 . letter in brackets . nota : a double scallop pattern of sclerotisation between gonopores , located at posterior margin of anterior third of genital segment . p6 probably represented by spiniform setule on external genital area . caudal ramus length about double that of width .

issued from : g . a . heron & j . m . bradford - grieve in new zealand oceanogr . inst memoir 104 . niwa , 1995 . [ p . 38 , fig . 17 , a - i ] . female : a , p4 [ z ] ; b , segment of p5 [ z ] . male ( from bay of naples ) : c - d , habitus ( lateral and dorsal , respectively ) [ r ] ; e , 3rd segment of left a2 [ t ] ; f , right mxp [ z ] ; g , 3rd endopodal segment of p2 [ z ] ; h , 3rd endopodal segment of p3 [ z ] ; i , 3rd endopodal segment of p4 [ z ] . scales in p . 13 , fig . 2 . letter in brackets . nota : p5 with small free segment ; 2 terminal setae , the outer 2 / 3 the length of inner seta ; seta on body near leg .

issued from : w . giesbrecht in systematik und faunistik der pelagischen copepoden des golfes von neapel und der angrenzenden meeres - abschnitte . – fauna flora golf . neapel , 1892 . atlas von 54 tafeln . [ taf . 47 , figs . 29 , 30 ] . as oncäa media . female : 29 , endopodal segment 3 of p3 ; 30 , endopodal segment 3 of p2 .

issued from : w . giesbrecht in systematik und faunistik der pelagischen copepoden des golfes von neapel und der angrenzenden meeres - abschnitte . – fauna flora golf . neapel , 1892 . atlas von 54 tafeln . [ taf . 47 , fig . 1 ] . as oncäa media . female : 1 , habitus ( dorsal ) .

issued from : g . a . heron & j . m . bradford - grieve in new zealand oceanogr . inst . memoir 104 . niwa , 1995 . [ p . 35 , fig . 15 , k ] . female ( from gulf of naples ) : k , habitus ( lateral ) [ r ] scale bars : see p . 13 , fig . 2 . letter in brackets .

issued from : o . tanaka in spec . publs . seto mar . biol . lab . , 10 , 1960 [ pl . xxxi , 4 - 6 ] . female ( from south china sea and indian ocean ) : 4 , habitus ( dorsal ) ; 5 , p4 ; 6 , p4 ( forma major ) . nota : the prsent females ranged in size from 0 . 55 mm to 0 . 79 mm prosome and urosome in the proportional lengths 63 to 37 . proportional lengths of the urosomal segments and caudal rami 10 : 54 : 4 : 7 : 8 : 16 = 100 . caudal rami 2 / 6 times as long as broad . the distal abdominal segments are of yellowish brown colour .

issued from : o . tanaka in spec . publs . seto mar . biol . lab . , 10 , 1960 [ pl . xxxi , 7 - 9 ] . male : 7 , abdomen ( dorsal ( specimen from 0 . 74 mm ) ; 8 , same ( specimen from 0 . 56 mm ) ; 9 , same ( specimen from 0 . 93 mm ) . length 0 . 51 - 0 . 60 and 0 . 70 - 0 . 93 mm . the males varies greatly in size . proportional lengths of the urosomal segments and caudal rami are two types : large form : 11 : 62 : 5 : 3 : 3 : 5 : 11 = 100 small form : 12 : 62 : 5 : 2 : 2 : 5 : 12 = 100 . caudal rami about 2 . 6 times as long as broad . remarks : in the present material the small form is much inferior in number ; these two forms differ only in size , and there is no structural difference .

issued from : a . v . kovalev in gidrobiol . zh . , 1970 , 6 ( 5 ) . [ p . 92 , table 1 ] . relation between the body length of females and number of eggs . a : species ; b : number of females ; c : length of females in mm ; d : number of eggs in relation to the lengths of females .

cosmopolite ( tropical , sub - tropical ) ; ? antarct . ( ross is . : in farran , 1929 ) , south africa ( off cape of good hope , e & w ) , angola ( baia farta ) , g . of guinea , ivorian shelf , off morocco - mauritania , cap ghir , portugal , brazil ( s , off rio de janeiro , cabo frio , vitoria bay , off vitoria - cabo de sao tomé , guarau estuary , off natal ) , caribbean colombia , bahia de mochima ( venezuela ) , sargasso sea , off bermuda ( station " s " ) , delaware bay ( outside ) , off e nova scotia , north sea , nw spain , off w tangier , medit . ( m ' diq , alboran sea , baleares , gulf of annaba , g . of gabes , genova , gulf of taranto , taranto harbour , s adriatic sea ( vlora bay ) , w - e basins , w egyptian coast , lebanon basin , thracian sea , marmara sea , black sea ) , suez canal , g . of aqaba , n - s red sea , gulf of oman , g . of aden , arabian gulf , uae coast , arabian sea , karachi coast , laqccadive is . , maldive is . , sri lanka , madagascar ( nosy bé ) , seychelles , indian , gulf of mannar , palk bay , bay of bengal , straits of malacca , g . of thailand , indo - malaysia , sulu sea , china seas ( yellow sea , east china sea , south china sea ) , taiwan strait , taiwan ( e , s , sw , w , n , nw , ne ) , korea ( e , s ) , s japan sea , nagasaki , japan , kuchinoerabu is . , ariake bay , tokyo bay , seto inland sea , kuroshio & oyashio regions , oregon ( off newport ) , california , baja california ( bahia magdalena ) ; gulf of california , bahia de los angeles , g . of tehuantepec , clipperton is . , bahia cupica ( colombia ) , galapagos - ecuador , chile ( n , off santiago , concepcion ) , pacif . ( w equatorial ) , australia ( north west cape , g . of carpentaria , se , great barrier ) , new caledonia , tasman sea , n new zealand , georgia strait ( goat is . )

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disclaimer : itis taxonomy is based on the latest scientific consensus available , and is provided as a general reference source for interested parties . however , it is not a legal authority for statutory or regulatory purposes . while every effort has been made to provide the most reliable and up - to - date information available , ultimate legal requirements with respect to species are contained in provisions of treaties to which the united states is a party , wildlife statutes , regulations , and any applicable notices that have been published in the federal register . for further information on u . s . legal requirements with respect to protected taxa , please contact the u . s . fish and wildlife service .

author of the drawing is ernst haeckel . original uploader was pabouk at en . wikipedia . ( different older version was uploaded by boston at en . wikipedia . )

maggie whitson marked " file : haeckel copepoda . jpg " as trusted on the " sapphirina darwinii " page .

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prosome 2 . 5 times length of urosome ( excluding caudal rami ) , 2 . 2 times urosome length ( including caudal rami )

caudal rami about 1 . 6 times longer than wide ( shorter than female )

prosome 2 . 8 times length of urosome ( excluding caudal rami ) 2 . 4 times urosome length including caudal rami

genital double - somite 1 . 5 times as long as maximum width & 2 . 5 times as long as postgenital somites combined ; almost square - shaped genital somite , stockier & broader

distinguish between female o . media by proportional lengths of urosome somites ( more elongated genital somite in o . media - genital somite is 2 times as long as the rest of urosome )

form and location of sclerotization between genital apertures ( in urltoken genital openings are closer to top 1 / 3 from the top while in o . scottodicarloi genital openings are almost ½ way from the top of genital somite )

heron , g . a . and j . m . bradford - grieve ( 1995 ) . " the marine faunaof new zealand : pelagic copepoda : poecilostomatoida : oncaeidae . " new zealand oceanographic institute memoir 104 .

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scutellastra kermadecensis is a species of sea snail , a true limpet , a marine gastropod mollusk in the family patellidae , one of the families of true limpets .

scutellastra kermadecensis

scutellastra kermadecensis <EOT> patellidae » scutellastra kermadecensis , id : 210062 , shell detail « shell encyclopedia , conchology , inc .

scutellastra kermadecensis ( kermadec giant limpet ) underwater photography of the kermadec giant limpet ( scutellastra kermadecensis ) by new zealand photojournalist and underwater photographer richard robinson . class : gastropoda subclass : patellogastropoda superfamily : patelloidea family : patellidae occurrence : endemic to the kermadec islands

( of patella ( scutellastra ) kermadecensis pilsbry , 1894 ) spencer , h . g . , marshall , b . a . & willan , r . c . ( 2009 ) . checklist of new zealand living mollusca . pp 196 - 219 . in : gordon , d . p . ( ed . ) new zealand inventory of biodiversity . volume one . kingdom animalia : radiata , lophotrochozoa , deuterostomia . canterbury university press , christchurch . [ details ]

koufopanou et al ( 1999 ) . a molecular phylogeny of the patellid limpets ( gastropoda : patellidae ) and its implications for the origins of their antitropical distribution mol . phylogenet . evol . 11 ( 1 ) : 138 - 156 [ details ]

marshall , b . a . ( 1981 ) . fossil collections from raoul island . appendix 1 . pp 90 - 91 in lloyd , e . f . & nathan , s . geology and tephrochronology of raoul island , kermadec group , new zealand . new zealand geological survey bulletin 95 . [ details ]

ridgeway , s . a . , reid , d . g . , taylor , j . d . , branch , g . m . & hodgson , a . n . , 1998 . a cladistic phylogeny of the family patellidae ( mollusca : gastropoda ) . philosophical transactions of the royal society of london , series b , 353 ( 1375 ) , 1645 - 1671 . , available online at urltoken ; = 2 & page ; = 1 & pagecount ; = 27 [ details ]

the symbols k . a . c . f . m . an . are used to indicate the geographical range of the species . they have been adopted to give an approxomation of the range of each species within new zealand .

brook , f . j . , marshall , b . a . 1998 : the coastal molluscan fauna of the northern kermadec islands , southwest pacific ocean , journal of the royal society of new zealand , 28 ( p . 214 )

ridgway , s . a . , reid , d . g . , taylor , j . d . , branch , g . m . , hodgson , a . n . 1998 : a cladistic phylogeny of the family patellidae ( mollusca : gastropoda ) , philosophical transactions of the royal society , 353 ( p . 1648 )

fleming , c . a . 1973 : kermadec island giant limpet occurring fossil in new zealand , and relict distribution in the tropics , new zealand journal of marine and freshwater research , 7 ( 1 ) ( p . 160 )

oliver , w . r . b . 1914 : the mollusca of the kermadec islands , transactions and proceedings of the new zealand institute , 47 ( p . 510 )

note : localities are approximate , and represent only some of the known localities for the species .

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version 43 . 0 went live 11 / 6 / 2018 - i hope that the majority of issues have been fixed . my email address is on the home page if you see anything wrong .

occurrence describes how often the species is found on surveys within its distribution . it is calculated as the % of reef sites surveyed by rls divers across all the ecoregions in which the species has been observed

abundance is calculated as the average number of individuals recorded per rls transect , where present .

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the star system calculates the number of pieces that were handled by conchology , inc . in the last 15 years :

we want to point out that the star system is only very reliable for philippine shells only , as we handle very few foreign shells in general . as time goes , the system will become more and more performant .

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new zealand . kermadec islands . on rocks , subtidal . ex - coll a . arthur . 1980 .

© 1996 - 2018 guido t . poppe & philippe poppe - conchology , inc . ( 0 . 002 seconds . )

early this morning the inhabitants of the braveheart woke to the rocking and rolling of the ocean , and the ship was forced to move from boat cove on the south east coast of raoul island . a nearby weather system developed into a low as a front moved over the top of us . the wind , rain and swell increased very quickly from the south east , and we found shelter in the lee of the meyer islands .

elliott punches through the waves on dirk the tender . photo by shiraz mccormack .

the coral koru . a new candidate for the new zealand flag ? photo by ross funnell .

so we have taken the opportunity this afternoon to catch up on collating the large amount of data that we have collected , ensure all specimen labels correctly link the collections to the places where they were gathered , and to stabilise our collections for the journey home . kina and ross of the nhnz film team found a reef in denham bay sheltered enough to dive and film a boiling underwater eruption of hot gas and liquid – a reminder that we are in a very active geological area .

kina scollay awaits the next eruption in the hazy , heated water . photo by ross funnell .

by the end of the day . we were back at boat cove where we started , having been chased all the way around the island by the ever changing wind and swell , and the occassional playful dolphins . hopefully tomorrow’s condition will be more settled and condusive to science and filming .

for 21 days home for the crew is the rv braveheart . the 39 metre long vessel has visited the kermadecs many times before as well as other parts of the pacific & southern oceans .