vellonifer is a genus of moths belonging to the subfamily tortricinae of the family tortricidae .

it contains only one species , vellonifer doncasteri , which is found in india ( assam ) and china .

vellonifer

vellonifer <EOT> html public " - / / w3c / / dtd html 4 . 0 transitional / / en "

by t . m . gilligan 1 , j . baixeras 2 , j . w . brown 3 , and k . r . tuck 4

urltoken is pleased to offer the complete world catalogue of the tortricidae ( t @ rts ) ! this is a complete list of all world species , utilizing the world catalogue published in 2005 as the foundation for the database . version 3 . 0 of the online catalogue contains 15 , 099 records representing 10 , 883 species . more than 1 , 600 records have been updated from ver 2 . 0 ( jul , 2012 ) , and more than 3 , 000 records have been updated from the original catalogue . the database is completely searchable and contains photos of over 1 , 200 type specimens .

t @ rts will be updated regularly both with corrections from the original world catalogue and with additions since its publication . as such , these pages will serve as the most up to date information on current tortricid nomenclature . if you find any errors in the data presented here or have any questions / comments , please use the contact form to send the authors an email .

we are indebted to all of the original authors of the world catalogue ( j . w . brown , j . baixeras , r . brown , m . horak , f . komai , e . metzler , j . razowski , and k . tuck ) for providing the basis for this project . we would also like to thank the dozens of individuals who have provided corrections or updates to the database since it was first placed online in 2007 .

gilligan , t . m . , j . baixeras , j . w . brown & k . r . tuck . 2014 . t @ rts : online world catalogue of the tortricidae ( ver . 3 . 0 ) . urltoken

1 colorado state university , bioagricultural sciences and pest management , 1177 campus delivery , fort collins , co 80523 , usa 2 institut cavanilles de biodiversitat i biologia evolutiva , universitat de valencia , apartat oficial 2085 , 46071 valencia , spain 3 systematic entomology laboratory - usda [ retired ] , smithsonian institution , p . o . box 37012 , national museum of natural history , washington , dc 20013 , usa 4 curator - microlepidoptera [ retired ] , entomology department ( dc2 - 2n ) , natural history museum , cromwell road , london sw7 5bd , uk

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to cite this page : myers , p . , r . espinosa , c . s . parr , t . jones , g . s . hammond , and t . a . dewey . 2018 . the animal diversity web ( online ) . accessed at https : / / animaldiversity . org .

disclaimer : the animal diversity web is an educational resource written largely by and for college students . adw doesn ' t cover all species in the world , nor does it include all the latest scientific information about organisms we describe . though we edit our accounts for accuracy , we cannot guarantee all information in those accounts . while adw staff and contributors provide references to books and websites that we believe are reputable , we cannot necessarily endorse the contents of references beyond our control .

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benthesicymus is a genus of prawns , containing the following species : benthesicymus altus spence bate , 1881 benthesicymus armatus macgilchrist , 1905 benthesicymus bartletti smith , 1882 benthesicymus brasiliensis spence bate , 1881 benthesicymus cereus burkenroad , 1936 benthesicymus crenatus spence bate , 1881 benthesicymus howensis dall , 2001 benthesicymus investigatoris alcock & anderson , 1899 benthesicymus iridescens spence bate , 1881 benthesicymus laciniatus rathbun , 1906 benthesicymus seymouri tirmizi , 1960 benthesicymus strabus burkenroad , 1936 benthesicymus tanneri faxon , 1893 benthesicymus tirmiziae crosnier , 1978 benthesicymus urinator burkenroad , 1936 a single fossil species , formerly included in the genus benthesicymus , is now placed in a separate genus , palaeobenthesicymus .

benthesicymus

benthesicymus <EOT> the status of benthesicymus laciniatus rathbun ( decapoda , penaeoidea , benthesicymidae ) in the northeastern pacific .

deep - sea shrimps of the genus benthesicymus ( decapoda : dendrobranchiata ) from the western north pacific .

carapace length distribution of benthesicymus tanneri faxon , 1893 , by sex . white , juveniles ; grey , males ; black , females .

new record of benthesicymus carinatus smith , 1884 ( decapoda : benthesicymidae ) , with some notes on its morphology deduced from sem observations .

characters used by kikuchi and nemoto ( 1991 ) in their definition of group i and ii included the position of the branchiostegal spine , the shape of the second maxilliped and of the dactylus of third maxilliped , and the relative size of pereiopods’ exopod . their group ii includes five species , two of which have been recorded in deep waters of the mexican pacific : benthesicymus altus spence bate , 1881 , and benthesicymus tanneri faxon , 1893 ( see hendrickx 1996 ) . although similar in their general shape , benthesicymus altus and benthesicymus tanneri are easy to separate based on the structure of the thelycum and petasma . kikuchi and nemoto’s ( 1991 ) group i included 10 species , one of them also reported off western mexico , benthesicymus laciniatus rathbun , 1906 , which distinctively features small spines on the posterolateral margin of the fifth abdominal somite .

benthesicymus tanneri faxon , 1893 . a dorsal view of one of the syntypes used by faxon ( 1893 ) ( from faxon 1895 ) b fresh specimen female , cl 30 mm , lateral view ( emu - 8904 ) .

localities in the mexican pacific where benthesicymus tanneri faxon , 1893 has been collected , including the talud project sampling stations and the localities corresponding to the type material collected during the “albatross” cruises and used by faxon ( 1893 ) .

benthesicymus tanneri faxon , 1893 . petasma of a fully mature male ( cl 35 . 7 mm ) ( emu - 8147 ) a posterior view b same , detail of ventral margin c anterior view d same , detail of ventral margin .

( of benthesicymus longipes bouvier , 1906 ) bouvier , e . - l . , 1906a . suite aux observations sur les gennadas ou pénéides bathypélagiques . — comptes rendus hebdomadaires des séances de l’académie des sciences 142 : 746 - 750 . [ details ]

hendrickx me , papiol v ( 2015 ) distribution of benthesicymus tanneri faxon , 1893 ( dendrobranchiata , benthesicymidae ) off the west coast of mexico and notes on its morphology . zookeys 473 : 119–136 . doi : 10 . 3897 / zookeys . 473 . 8956

benthesicymus tanneri faxon , 1893 . a lateral view of syntypic specimen ( mcz - 4662 ) b lateral view of female ( cl 40 . 6 mm ) ( emu - 10436 ) . circles indicate area where a hepatic spine is observed in some species of the genus .

currently known distribution , depth range and maximum size for the species of benthesicymus worldwide . species list updated according to fransen and de grave ( 2014 ) . mw , midwater trawl ; bt , benthic trawl ; ik , isaac kid midwater trawl ; at , agassiz ( benthic ) trawl .

( of benthesicymus mollis spence bate , 1888 ) spence bate , c . ( 1888 ) . report on the crustacea macrura collected by the challenger during the years 1873 - 76 . eport on the scientific results of the voyage of h . m . s . ”challenger” during the years 1873 - 76 . 24 : i - xc , 1 - 942 , plates 1 - 157 . [ details ]

( of benthesicymus pleocanthus spence bate , 1888 ) spence bate , c . ( 1888 ) . report on the crustacea macrura collected by the challenger during the years 1873 - 76 . eport on the scientific results of the voyage of h . m . s . ”challenger” during the years 1873 - 76 . 24 : i - xc , 1 - 942 , plates 1 - 157 . [ details ]

( of benthesicymus longipes bouvier , 1906 ) türkay , m . ( 2001 ) . decapoda , in : costello , m . j . et al . ( ed . ) ( 2001 ) . european register of marine species : a check - list of the marine species in europe and a bibliography of guides to their identification . collection patrimoines naturels , 50 : pp . 284 - 292 ( look up in imis ) [ details ]

( of benthesicymus moratus smith , 1886 ) smith , s . i . , 1886a . report on the decapod crustacea of the albatross dredgings off the east coast of the united states during the summer and autumn of 1884 . — report of the commissioner for 1885 , united states commission of fish and fisheries 13 : 605 - 705 , plates 1 - 20 . [ preprint issued in 1886 , published in journal in 1887 ] [ details ]

benthesicymus tanneri faxon , 1893 . anterior view of petasma ( a–e ) of males of different carapace length ( a–d emu - 10498 ; e emu - 6004 - a ) and thelycum ( f ) of a mature female ( emu - 10441 ) . a cl 29 . 9 mm ; b cl 22 . 3 mm ; c cl 17 . 5 mm ; d cl 16 . 4 mm ; e cl 11 . 2 mm ; f cl 36 . 6 mm .

( of benthesicymus longipes bouvier , 1906 ) de grave , s . & c . h . j . m . fransen . ( 2011 ) . carideorum catalogus : the recent species of the dendrobranchiate , stenopodidean , procarididean and caridean shrimps ( crustacea : decapoda ) . zool . med . leiden . 85 ( 9 ) : 30 . ix . 2011 : 195 - 589 figs 1 - 59 . ( look up in imis ) [ details ] available for editors [ request ]

( of benthesicymus moratus smith , 1886 ) de grave , s . & c . h . j . m . fransen . ( 2011 ) . carideorum catalogus : the recent species of the dendrobranchiate , stenopodidean , procarididean and caridean shrimps ( crustacea : decapoda ) . zool . med . leiden . 85 ( 9 ) : 30 . ix . 2011 : 195 - 589 figs 1 - 59 . ( look up in imis ) [ details ] available for editors [ request ]

( of benthesicymus mollis spence bate , 1888 ) de grave , s . & c . h . j . m . fransen . ( 2011 ) . carideorum catalogus : the recent species of the dendrobranchiate , stenopodidean , procarididean and caridean shrimps ( crustacea : decapoda ) . zool . med . leiden . 85 ( 9 ) : 30 . ix . 2011 : 195 - 589 figs 1 - 59 . ( look up in imis ) [ details ] available for editors [ request ]

( of benthesicymus pleocanthus spence bate , 1888 ) de grave , s . & c . h . j . m . fransen . ( 2011 ) . carideorum catalogus : the recent species of the dendrobranchiate , stenopodidean , procarididean and caridean shrimps ( crustacea : decapoda ) . zool . med . leiden . 85 ( 9 ) : 30 . ix . 2011 : 195 - 589 figs 1 - 59 . ( look up in imis ) [ details ] available for editors [ request ]

material collected in mexican waters during the talud cruises iii - vii ( 1991–2001 ) in the se gulf of california was reported by hendrickx ( 2001 ) and hendrickx ( 2004 ; distribution maps ) , adding many new records and increasing the known distribution range of this species . a large series of specimens , however , was collected during subsequent research cruises off the pacific coast of mexico and has not yet been reported . this series is included herein . this contribution provides and updated distribution of benthesicymus tanneri for the mexican pacific and new data related to the petasma and thelycum of this species . additionally , a taxonomic key for the species occurring in the american pacific is provided .

the material on which this study is based was collected by the r / v “el puma” of the universidad nacional autónoma de méxico ( unam ) , between 1991 and 2014 . specimens of benthesicymus tanneri were captured during sampling operations off the west coast of the baja california peninsula ( talud xv , july - august 2012 ; talud xvi - b , may - june 2014 ) , in the gulf of california ( a total of nine cruises : talud iii , september 1991 ; talud iv , august 2000 ; talud v , december 2000 ; talud vi , march 2001 ; talud vii , june 2001 ; talud viii , april 2005 ; talud ix , november 2005 ; talud x , february 2007 ) , and off the sw coast of mexico , from jalisco to guerrero ( talud xii , march - april 2009 ) . during these cruises , a total of 228 localities were sampled , from 377 to 2394 m depth . positional coordinates for each sampling station were obtained using a gps navigation system . depth was measured with an edowestern analogic recorder ( talud iii - viii ) or a digital recorder ( talud ix - xvi - b ) . all the specimens were captured with benthic gear , including an agassiz dredge ( 2 . 5 m width , 1 m high ) and a standard benthic sledge ( 2 . 35 m width , 0 . 9 m high ) , both equipped with a modified shrimp net ( ca 5 . 5 cm stretched mesh size ) with a ca 2 . 0 cm ( 3 / 4” ) internal lining net . the material collected during this survey is deposited in the regional collection of marine invertebrates ( emu ) , at unam in mazatlán , mexico . the size ( carapace length , cl ) of all the specimens was measured to the nearest 0 . 1 mm and size distributions of benthesicymus tanneri were explored by sex for the entire population sample in the mexican pacific . sexual differences in cl were tested using a mann - whitney u test ( mann and whitney 1947 ) . abbreviations are : st . , sampling station ; cl , carapace length ; m , male ; f , female ; ad , agassiz dredge ; bs , benthic sledge .

spence bate , c . ( 1881 ) . on the penaeidae . the annals and magazine of natural history . ( 5 ) 8 : 169 - 196 , plates 11 - 12 . [ details ]

( of bentheocetes smith , 1884 ) smith , s . i . , 1884 . report on the decapod crustacea of the albatross dredgings off the east coast of the united states in 1883 . — reports of the united states fisheries commission 10 : 345 - 426 , plates 1 - 10 . [ details ]

webber , w . r . ; fenwick , g . d . ; bradford - grieve , j . m . ; eagar s . g . ; buckeridge , j . s . ; poore , g . c . b . ; dawson , e . w . ; watling , l . ; jones , j . b . ; wells , j . b . j . ; bruce , n . l . ; ahyong , s . t . ; larsen , k . ; chapman , m . a . ; olesen , j . ; ho , j . ; green , j . d . ; shiel , r . j . ; rocha , c . e . f . ; lörz , a . ; bird , g . j . ; charleston , w . a . ( 2010 ) . phylum arthropoda subphylum crustacea : shrimps , crabs , lobsters , barnacles , slaters , and kin , in : gordon , d . p . ( ed . ) ( 2010 ) . new zealand inventory of biodiversity : 2 . kingdom animalia : chaetognatha , ecdysozoa , ichnofossils . pp . 98 - 232 . [ details ]

( of bentheocetes smith , 1884 ) de grave , s . & c . h . j . m . fransen . ( 2011 ) . carideorum catalogus : the recent species of the dendrobranchiate , stenopodidean , procarididean and caridean shrimps ( crustacea : decapoda ) . zool . med . leiden . 85 ( 9 ) : 30 . ix . 2011 : 195 - 589 figs 1 - 59 . ( look up in imis ) [ details ] available for editors [ request ]

crosnier , a . ( 1985 ) . crevettes pénéides récoltées dans l ' océan indien lors des campagnes benthedi , safari i et ii , md 32 / réunion . bull . mus . natn . hist . nat . , paris vol . 4 , ser . 7 p . 839 - 877 . [ details ] available for editors [ request ]

pérez farfante , i . ; kensley , b . ( 1997 ) . penaeoid and sergestoid shrimps and prawns of the world . keys and diagnoses for the families and genera . mémoires du muséum national d’histoire naturelle . 175 : 1 - 233 . [ details ]

felder , d . l . , álvarez . f . , goy , j . w . & lemaitre , r . ( 2009 ) . decapoda ( crustacea ) of the gulf of mexico , with comments on the amphionidacea , . felder , d . l . , and camp , d . k . ( eds ) , gulf of mexico - origins , waters , and biota . vol . 1 . biodiversity . pp . 1019–1104 ( texas a & m ; university press : college station , texas ) . , available online at urltoken [ details ]

intergovernmental oceanographic commission ( ioc ) of unesco . the ocean biogeographic information system ( obis ) , available online at urltoken [ details ]

faxon , w . ( 1893 ) . reports on the dredging operations off the west coast of central america to the galapagos , to the west coast of mexico , and in the gulf of california , in charge of alexander agassiz , carried on by the u . s . fish commission steamer ”albatross” , during 1891 , lieut . commander z . l . tanner , u . s . n . , commanding . vi . preliminary descriptions of new species of crustacea . bulletin of the museum of comparative zoology at harvard college . 24 : 149 - 220 . [ details ]

smith , s . i . , 1882 . reports on the results of dredging under the supervisión of alexander agassiz , on the east coast of the united states during the summer of 1880 , by the u . s . coast survey steamer " blake " , commander j . r . bartlett , u . s . n . , commanding . bulletin of the museum of comparative zoology at harvard college , 10 ( 1 ) : 1 - 108 , plates 1 - 16 . [ details ]

pohle , g . w . 1988 . a guide to the deep - sea shrimp and shrimp - like decapod crustacea of atlantic canada . canadian technical report of fisheries and aquatic science 1657 , 29 p . [ details ]

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disclaimer : itis taxonomy is based on the latest scientific consensus available , and is provided as a general reference source for interested parties . however , it is not a legal authority for statutory or regulatory purposes . while every effort has been made to provide the most reliable and up - to - date information available , ultimate legal requirements with respect to species are contained in provisions of treaties to which the united states is a party , wildlife statutes , regulations , and any applicable notices that have been published in the federal register . for further information on u . s . legal requirements with respect to protected taxa , please contact the u . s . fish and wildlife service .

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1 laboratorio de invertebrados bentónicos , unidad académica mazatlán , instituto de ciencias del mar y limnología , universidad nacional autónoma de méxico , p . o . box 811 , mazatlán , sinaloa , 82000 , mexico

corresponding author : michel e . hendrickx ( xm . manu . lymci . alo @ lehcim )

this is an open access article distributed under the terms of the creative commons attribution license ( cc by 4 . 0 ) , which permits unrestricted use , distribution , and reproduction in any medium , provided the original author and source are credited .

with 187 specimens available ( 61 males , cl 11 . 2–35 . 5 mm ; 122 females , cl 16 . 7–53 . 3 mm ; 3 unsexed ; and 1 juvenile , cl 12 . 4 ) ( m : f = 1 : 2 ) , the collection of

) . the largest specimens measured 103 mm ( male ; talud xv , st . 5c ) and 116 mm ( female ; talud xii , st . 5 ) total length , the latter constituting the largest specimen collected to date . the size of individuals differed across sexes ( mann - whitney

is known from san diego , california , usa , to chile . the material currently examined slightly increases the distributional range of

) . in the mexican pacific it is a widely distributed and frequently captured species .

the material examined herein was collected between 750 and 2010 m depth with bottom sampling gear . one specimen ( talud iii , st . 17 ) was collected with a mid - water trawl hauled from surface to 770 m depth , in a locality where total depth was 1560 m . all species of

possesses a hepatic spine , a character that separates this species from the other four species of their group ii .

does ( p . 437 ) , which is an error due to the illustration process in the editorial office . in his preliminary description of

: 205 ) repeats essentially the same statement as in 1893 , and his lateral illustration of the carapace ( plate h 1a ) does not indicate the presence of a hepatic spine , although the lower extension of the cervical carina could easily be confused with a strong spine . besides , this drawing does not include the presence of the pterygostomial spine either , which is definitively present in

: 52 ) . revision by dr . rafael lemaitre of part of the material used by

) in his syntypic series and deposited at the national museum of natural history , washington , dc ( usnm 21214 ; syntypes from the gulf of california , mexico ) confirms the fact that there is no trace of a hepatic spine on the specimens examined . another revision by adam baldinger of one of the syntypes of

have to be altered because all species of group ii as defined by these authors in their key lack the hepatic spine which is otherwise present in seven of the ten species of their group i . moreover , the identification key proposed by

) . the smallest male with visible petasma was 11 . 2 mm cl , in which a small bud without any elaborated structure could be seen . a slightly larger male ( cl 16 . 4 mm ) had a similar petasma ( figure

) . however , another young male from station 19 of talud vii cruise with cl 11 . 2 mm ( i . e . , smaller than the male of figure

, is not yet developed in males of cl 17 . 5 mm ( figure

) . in a male of cl 29 . 9 mm the two sections ( left and right ) of the petasma are well developed ( figure

( cl ≥ 35 mm ) is clearly distinct from known petasma of mature males of nine species of the genus in the presence of the lateral crescent - shape process . in

burkenroad , 1936 , probably a juvenile . this figure lacks a lateral crescent - shape process but , as in the case of

) , this process may appear later during the growth of the species . of the remaining three species of

) is known only from the two females of the type material . we were not able to locate an illustration of the petasma of

macgilchrist , 1905 . another question remains open as far as illustrations of petasma in literature are concerned .

; however , the figure caption is the same as the one inserted in figure 25 of the same monograph ( i . e . for

( spence bate , 1888 ) ) and it was therefore difficult to assess to which species of the genus this figure actually belongs to . a search by rose gulledge , museum specialist at the us national history museum , smithsonian institution crustacean department , maryland , usa , was successful in finding the original plates prepared by the illustrator of

, and that “species in book is wrong [ . . . ] must say

) . a small tuft of setae is clearly observed arising from each minute pit of the thelycum middle plate ( sternite xiii ) . of the two groups of species considered by

, group i possesses a “thelycum without well - defined receptacles between the twelfth and the thirteenth sternites , the scutes of the twelfth and thirteenth sternites being simple and unexpanded” . group ii posseses “well - defined cavities between the twelfth and the thirteenth sternites , the scutes of the thirteenth sternites being broadly expanded to overlap the sternal surface proper” . based on these criteria

. the large patch of bright blue color on the back of the abdominal somites 2–4 mentioned by faxon ( op . cit . ) and also observed by

actually corresponds to the gonads of mature specimens that extend backward from the thoracic area ( pers . observ . ) .

although it reaches a size ( i . e . , over 115 mm total length ) comparable with other species of

is not currently subject to any commercial exploitation . it has been considered a potential fisheries resource for the area ( see

) to a large extent because it occurs together with other species of established potential for deep - water fisheries ( e . g . ,

in this area , but none was considered of importance to fishery , even as a potential resource , probably because this genus has nowhere been reported to be abundant . the 15 species of

) but are all from deep - water , thus rending any exploitation attempt very complex .

petasma ventral margin strongly convex , without lateral crescent - shape process . thelycum sternite xiii plate smooth , without small pits and setae

petasma ventral margin straight to slightly concave , with or without lateral crescent - shape process . thelycum sternite xiii plate bearing small pits

petasma with strong ventrolateral crescent - shape process . thelycum sternite xiii plate longer than wide , shallow anterior notch

petasma without ventrolateral crescent - shape process . thelycum sternite xiii plate wider than long , deep anterior notch

ship time was provided by the instituto de ciencias del mar y limnología , unam ( talud iii ) , by the coordinación de la investigación científica , unam ( talud iv - xvi - b ) , and partly supported by conacyt ( project 179467 for the talud xv and xvi - b cruises ) . the talud project has received laboratory and field work support from the dgapa ( papiit in - 217306–3 and papiit in - 203013–2 ) and from conacyt ( project 31805 - n for the talud iv - vii cruises ; project 179467 for the talud xv and xvi - b cruises ) , mexico . the authors thank all scientists , students and crew members who took an active part in the talud cruises . we also thank dr . rafael lemaitre , national museum of natural history , maryland , usa , for revising type material of

and the final version of the manuscript . we also thank ana k . barragán ( sni iii assistant , conacyt ) for her help with laboratory work during this study and josé salgado b . for photograph of figure

. work by vanesa papiol was supported by a dgapa , universidad nacional autónoma de méxico , postdoctoral grant .

barriga e , salazar c , palacios j , romero m , rodríguez a . ( 2009 )

distribución , abundancia y estructura poblacional del langostino rojo de profundidad haliporoides diomedeae ( crustacea : decapoda : solenoceridae ) frente a la zona norte de perú ( 2007–2008 ) .

the living marine resources of the western central pacific . vol . 2 . cephalopods , crustaceans , holothurians and sharks

. master thesis , universidad de guayaquil , facultad de ciencias naturales , guayaquil , ecuador .

crustacés décapodes pénéides aristeidae ( benthesicyminae , aristeinae , solenocerinae ) . faune de madagascar .

crosnier a . ( 1985 ) crevettes pénéides d’eaux profondes récoltées dans l’océan indien lors des campagnes benthedi , safari i et ii , md 32 / reunion .

carideorum catalogus : the recent species of the dendrobranchiate , stenopodidean , procarididean and caridean shrimps .

the brazilian species of the family aristeidae wood - mason ( crustacea : decapoda ) .

reports on the dredging operations off the west coast of central america to the galapagos , to the west coast of mexico , and in the gulf of california , in charge of alexander agassiz , carried on by the u . s . fish commission steamer “albatross” , during 1891 , lieut . commander z . l . tanner , u . s . n . , commanding . vi . preliminary descriptions of new species of crustacea .

reports on an exploration off the west coast of mexico , central and south america , and off the galapagos islands , in charge of alexander agassiz , carried on by the u . s . fish commission steamer “albatross” , during 1891 , lieut . commander z . l . tanner , u . s . n . , commanding . xv . the stalk - eyed crustacea .

the subfamily benthesicyminae bouvier , 1908 ( decapoda , dendrobranchiata ) in northern chile ( 18° to 22°s ) .

in : fischer w , krupp f , schneider w , sommer c , carpenter ke , niem vh . ( eds )

guía fao para la identificación de especies para los fines de la pesca . pacífico centro - oriental . vol . i . plantas e invertebrados

los camarones penaeoidea bentónicos ( crustacea : decapoda : dendrobranchiata ) del pacífico mexicano .

comisión nacional para el conocimiento y uso de la biodiversidad e instituto de ciencias del mar y limnología , unam , méxico , df , 148 pp .

occurrence of a continental slope decapod crustacean community along the edge of the minimum oxygen zone in the southeastern gulf of california , mexico .

distribution and estimation of body size and weight of four species of deep water shrimps in the se gulf of california , mexico .

. comisión nacional para el conocimiento y uso de la biodiversidad e inst . cienc . mar y limnol . , unam , méxico , df , 157 pp .

jamieson aj , fujii t , solan m , matsumoto ak , bagley pm , priede ig . ( 2009 )

kameya a , castillo r , escudero l , tello e , blaskovic v , córdova j , hooker y , gutiérrez m , mayor s . ( 1997 )

localización , distribución y concentración de langostinos rojos de profundidad crucero bic humboldt 9607–08 . 18 de julio a 06 de agosto de 1996 .

the south african museum’s meiring naude cruises . part 5 . crustacea , decapoda , reptantia & natantia .

deep - sea shrimps and lobsters ( crustacea : decapoda ) from northern japan collected during the project “research on deep - sea fauna and pollutants off pacific coast of northern japan” .

xxvii . natural history notes from the r . i . m . s . ‘investigator , ’ capt . t . h . henning , r . n . ( retired ) , commanding . series iii . , no . 6 . an account of the new and some of the rarer decapod crustacea obtained during the surveying seasons 1901–1904 .

on a test of whether one of two random variables is stochastically larger than the other .

claves de identificación y distribución de los langostinos y camarones ( crustacea : decapoda ) del mar y ríos de la costa del perú .

reports on the results of dredging , under the supervision of alexander agassiz , in the gulf of mexico ( 1877–78 ) , in the caribbean sea ( 1878–79 ) , and along the atlantic coast of the united states ( 1880 ) , by the u . s . coast survey steamer “blake” , lieut . - com . c . d . sigsbee , u . s . n . , and commander j . r . bartlett , u . s . n . , commanding . 44 . les pénéides et sténopides .

penaeoid and sergestoid shrimps and prawns of the world . keys and diagnoses for the families and genera .

in : hendrickx me . ( ed . ) contributions to the study of east pacific crustaceans

] . instituto de ciencias del mar y limnología , unam , méxico , df , 195–208 .

the marine decapod crustacea of california with special reference to the decapod crustacea collected by the united states bureau of fisheries steamer “albatross” in connection with the biological survey of san francisco bay during the years 1912–1913 .

recent samples of mainly rare decapod crustacea taken from the deep - sea floor of the southern west europe basin .

checklist of penaeoid and caridean shrimps ( decapoda : penaeoidea , caridea ) from the eastern tropical pacific .

an updated checklist of benthic marine and brackish water shrimps ( decapoda : penaoidea , stenopodidea , caridea ) from the eastern tropical pacific .

] instituto de ciencias del mar y limnología , unam , méxico , df , 49–76 .


baird 's tapir ( tapirus bairdii ) , also known as the central american tapir , is a species of tapir native to mexico , central america and northwestern south america .

it is one of four latin american species of tapir .

baird ' s tapir

baird ' s tapir <EOT> baird ' s tapir is classified as a vulnerable species by the iucn ( 1996 ) .

baird ' s tapir ( jan . 2011 - may 2012 , in aza 2011 ) :

for more pictures of baird ' s tapirs , check out ' more tapir photos ' .

the south american or brazilian tapir ( tapirus terrestris ) is one of five species in the tapir family , including : the mountain tapir , the malayan tapir , the baird ' s tapir , and the kabomani tapir .

new year’s day was extra special at franklin park zoo … a baird’s tapir , named abby , gave birth to a female calf .

terwilliger , v . 1978 . natural history of baird ' s tapir on barrow colorado island , panama canal zone .

baird ' s tapir foraging and swimming . click on image above for video . audio and video from arkive . some rights reserved

here’s an animal you don ' t see everywhere , but you can see it during your vacation in costa rica—baird’s tapir ( tapirus bairdii ) spanish name : danto , danta .

with the addition of the new calf , the zoo is now home to three baird’s tapirs . a total of four baird’s tapirs have been born at nashville zoo since the species was introduced there in 2008 .

the baird ' s tapir ( tapirus bairdii ) , like this one in guatemala ' s laguna del tigre national park , is central america ' s largest land mammal , and depends intimately upon surface water for survival .

south american tapirs are one of five species of tapirs living today . the others are the mountain tapir , malayan tapir , baird’s tapir , and kabomani tapir . they have short prehensile snouts , which aid in grabbing tender foliage to eat .

hybrid tapirs from the baird ' s tapir and the brazilian tapir were bred at the san francisco zoo around 1969 and produced a second generation around 1970 ( tg 2007b ) .

though an adult baird’s tapir’s coat is solid brown , babies are born with unique markings , similar to brown and white - striped watermelons . juvenile tapirs lose these markings after one year .

baird ' s tapir is the largest land mammal in central and south america . baird ' s tapirs average 6 . 5 feet ( 2 m ) in length . they are generally between 2 . 4 to 4 feet ( 73 to 120 cm ) in height . adult baird ' s tapirs range between 330 and 880 lbs . ( 150 and 400 kg ) .

our research has shown with photos like the one above and through finding tapir tracks in the mud that the baird ' s tapir is not extinct on the atlantic coast of nicaragua .

foerster , c . , c . vaughan . 2002 . home range , habitat use , and activity of baird ' s tapir in costa rica .

breeding season baird ' s tapirs can breed anytime of the year but likely breed just prior to the rainy season .

embed this arkive thumbnail link ( " portlet " ) by copying and pasting the code below . < a href = " urltoken " title = " arkive species - baird ' s tapir ( tapirus bairdii ) " > < img src = " urltoken " alt = " arkive species - baird ' s tapir ( tapirus bairdii ) " title = " arkive species - baird ' s tapir ( tapirus bairdii ) " border = " 0 " / > < / a >

breeding interval baird ' s tapirs breed at most once per year , average reproduction attempts per year is 0 . 7 .

norton , j . , m . ashley . 2004 . genetic variability and population structure among wild baird ' s tapirs .

the baird ' s tapir is easy to track because it often follows previously used paths and it leaves distinctive three - toed tracks ( each toe has a broad hoof ) .

the baird ' s tapir project of costa rica is the longest ongoing tapir project in the world , having started in 1994 . it involves placing radio collars on tapirs in costa rica ' s corcovado national park to study their social systems and habitat preferences . [ 36 ]

the baby’s arrival was long awaited by the animal care staff , as the gestation period for baird’s tapirs is thirteen months . similar to a deer fawn , baird’s tapir calves are distinctly marked with watermelon like white stripes and spots , which help to camouflage them in the dappled light of the rainforest . the stripes begin to fade between five and six months of age .

our findings will better inform the scientists and managers who are trying to conserve baird ' s tapirs . our work is showing the opposite of what people thought was true . instead of being extinct , there is a small but thriving population of baird ' s tapirs in our region .

length varies among the 5 species - longest in malayan tapir . shortest in brazilian tapir

as with other tapirs , the short trunk of the baird ' s tapir is composed of nose and upper lip . the tapir uses its trunk to pick up grasses , leaves , and fruit and carry them to the mouth .

janzen , d . h . ( 1982a ) . wild plant acceptability to a captive costa rican baird ' s tapir . brenesia 19 / 20 : 99 - 128 . [ links ]

tapirs have considerably reduced in numbers due to hunting for their meat and hide . habitat loss is also a major threat to the tapir . the brazilian tapir and the malayan tapir are now classed as ‘vulnerable’ . the baird’s tapir and the mountain tapir are both classed as ‘endangered species’ with the mountain tapir being the most threatened species . there are a number of conservation efforts in progress . the tapir specialist group are currently striving to help the tapir with its survival with programs to save , restore and manage the four species of tapir .

hernandez - divers , s . , r . aguilar , d . leandro - loria , c . foerster . 2005 . health evaluation of a radiocollared population of free - ranging baird ' s tapirs (

terwilliger , v . j . ( 1978 ) . natural history of baird ' s tapir on barro colorado island , panama canal zone . biotropica 10 : 211 - 220 . [ links ]

nashville zoo is pleased to announce the birth of a male baird’s tapir . the yet - to - be - named calf arrived on march 7 and weighed - in at 22 . 8 pounds .

hybrids of the baird ' s and the brazilian tapirs were bred at the san francisco zoo around 1969 and later produced a backcross second generation . [ 2 ]

janzen , d . h . ( 1981 ) . digestive seed predation by a costa rican baird ' s tapir ( tapirus bairdii ) . biotropica 13 ( suppl . ) : 59 - 63 . [ links ]

this birth is significant because this species is currently listed as “endangered” on the iucn red list . baird’s tapirs are threatened by hunting , population fragmentation and habitat destruction .

the research being done by the authors of the virtual rainforest ( dr . gerald urquhart and christopher jordan ) has revealed new scientific insights about baird ' s tapirs . we use camera traps to take photos of wild animals in nicaragua . before our project , some scientists thought that baird ' s tapirs were extinct on the caribbean coast of nicaragua .

the baird’s tapirs , at franklin park zoo , make their home in the ‘tropical forest’ exhibit . the new baby is expected to make her public debut within a few weeks .

foerster , c . & amp ; vaughan , c . ( 2002 ) . home range , habitat use and activity of baird ' s tapir in costa rica . biotropica 34 ( 3 ) : 423 - 437 . [ links ]

baird ' s tapir can be either diurnal or nocturnal , although in areas where it is hunted most activity occurs during the night . they are very agile and can negotiate steep slopes with ease . the tell - tale sign of baird ' s tapir are repeatedly used paths through the jungle , which the tapirs mark regularly . these tapirs usually stay close to water , and on hot days have been observed submerged with only their heads above the surface . they communicate with shrill whistles .

tapir gallery ( tg ) . 2007a . tapirs described . the tapir gallery . retrieved september 7 , 2007 .

however , the four other tapir species are on the iucn red list . the mountain tapir and baird’s tapir are listed as endangered because their populations may have declined more than 50 percent in the past three generations ( 33 years ) . it is also thought that they will have a future decline of greater than 50 percent decline in the next three generations .

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in some habitats , baird’s tapirs are important seed dispersers . however , because the amount of fruit consumed varies by habitat and region , this role varies as well . it has also been suggested that

the little one is bonding with mom behind the scenes . until she goes into the public tapir habitat along the zoo’s tropics trail , she can be seen via the minnesota zoo’s social media channels and a special webcam .

like all baby tapirs , a newborn baird’s tapir born august 28 at the nashville zoo looks suspiciously like a brown watermelon with a snout . but rest assured , this little male will eventually sport a smooth , dark brown coat and weigh up to 800 pounds .

cites – appendix i ; u . s . esa and iucn – endangered .

tapirus is a latinized corruption of tapyra - the tupi name for the tapir ( the tupis are an aboriginal tribe from the amazon ) . w . m . baird was an american naturalist who made an expedition to mexico in 1843 . although baird is credited with its ' discovery ' , this tapir was first documented by w . t . white , another american naturalist .

historically , baird’s tapirs ranged from southeastern mexico through northern colombia to the gulf of guayaquil in ecuador . today they are found in isolated populations in the same range . they are considered extinct in el salvador .

the world ' s biggest tapir is found in the old world—southeast asia . the black - and - white malay tapir can grow to 800 pounds . it inhabits the forests and swamps of malaysia and sumatra .

in the wild , the tapir’s diet consists of fruit , berries , and leaves , particularly young , tender growth . tapirs will spend many of their waking hours foraging along well - worn trails , snouts to the ground in search of food . baird’s tapirs have been observed to eat around 40 kilograms ( 85 pounds ) of vegetation in one day ( todd and wilson 2001 ) .

in the wild , the tapir ' s diet consists of fruit , berries , and leaves , particularly young , tender growth . tapirs will spend many of their waking hours foraging along well - worn trails , snouts to the ground in search of food . baird ' s tapirs have been observed to eat around 40 kg ( 85 lb ) of vegetation in one day . [ 24 ]

since the announcement was made , there has been much debate about whether the kabomani tapir is a new species or is simply the misidentification of juvenile brazilian tapir . the iucn ' s tapir specialist group has not declared the kabomani tapir a " unit of conservation importance , " and the proposed species has not received a categorization on the iucn red list of threatened species .

pictures of t . bairdii x t . terrestris cross taken by sheryl todd , the tapir gallery , web site of the tapir preservation fund

baird ' s tapirs ( tapirus bairdii ) are broad , primitive creatures whose appearance has changed little in thousands of years . a relative of the horse and the rhino , tapirs are the largest land animal in central and south america .

the calf’s parents , romeo and juliet , were brought to the nashville zoo from central america to introduce a new genetic line to the zoo - dwelling tapir population .

this is the second calf for four - year - old mom , juju . the calf’s father , romeo , passed - away last year . romeo was also the father of tybalt , the nashville zoo’s other male tapir , who was born in august 2016 .

this article ' s content derived from wikipedia , the free encyclopedia ( see original source ) .

baird’s tapirs are found in most vegetation types at elevations ranging from sea level to 3 , 600 meters . they are found in marsh and swamp areas , mangroves , wet tropical rainforests , riparian woodlands , monsoon deciduous forests , montane cloud forests , and paramo ( treeless alpine plateau ) . food and water availability are important factors in habitat selection . when both primary and secondary forest habitat is available , baird’s tapirs prefer secondary forest due to the increase in understory plants for foraging and protection .

) are potential predators of young tapirs . baird’s tapirs rely largely on camouflage and their large size for protection against predators : at night they blend in extremely well with leafy shrubs , during the day they resemble stationary objects , such as large rocks .

chalukian , s . , bustos , m . s . , & amp ; lizarraga , r . l . ( 2013 ) . diet of lowland tapir ( tapirus terrestris ) in el rey national park , salta , argentina . integrative zoology8 : 48 - 56 [ links ]

the bairds tapir ranges from southern mexico to northern columbia and are endangered throughout their range . the main threats to the tapir survival is hunting and deforestation .

tapir gallery ( tg ) . 2007b handsome hybrid in the san francisco zoo , san francisco , california . tapir gallery . retrieved september 7 , 2007 .

historically , baird’s tapirs were an important food source for rural and indigenous people across central america . their rarity makes them no longer a significant game animal . they are large , charismatic animals that can attract ecotourism interest because of their association with pristine tropical forest habitats .

poaching and habitat loss have caused tapir numbers to decrease dramatically in recent years .

all tapir species are at - risk largely due to hunting and habitat loss .

tapir a - z animals . web . accessed on december 14 , 2014 .

malayan tapir animal diversity web . web . accessed on january 11 , 2015 .

tapirs of the world tapir specialist group web . accessed on january 11 , 2015

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what ' s a baby ferret called ? how bout a baby eel ? find out here . . .

this tapir survives in dry deciduous forest and tropical evergreen forest and other habitats . range this species of tapir can be found from veracruz , mexico down to ecuador .

“we are thrilled to share this wonderful news , ” said john linehan , zoo new england president and ceo . “given the small size of the north american captive population , this is a very important birth for this endangered species . zoo new england is committed to tapir conservation and has supported important field work being done on behalf of baird’s tapirs in nicaragua . ”

on january 31 , a female south american tapir calf was born at poland’s wrocław zoo . the baby , named sarah , will be part of zoo breeding programs designed to save this vulnerable species .

tapirs - status survey and conservation action plan . iucn / ssc tapir specialist group .

s . p . parker . new york : mcgraw - hill . volume 4 , pp . 597 - 608 .

adult tapirs are large enough to have few natural predators , and the thick skin on the backs of their necks helps to protect them from threats such as jaguars , crocodiles , anacondas , and tigers . the creatures are also able to run fairly quickly , considering their size and cumbersome appearance , finding shelter in the thick undergrowth of the forest or in water . hunting for meat and hides has substantially reduced their numbers and , more recently , habitat loss has resulted in the conservation watch - listing of all four species : both the brazilian tapir and the malayan tapir are classified as vulnerable ; and the baird ' s tapir and the mountain tapir are endangered .

malayan / asian tapir ( jan . 2011 - may 2012 , in aza 2013 ) :

the baird ' s tapir is the largest american tapir . it is brown to blackish above and paler on the sides of the head and venter . the ears are usually edged in white . the head body length is about 200 cm , the height at the shoulder about 120 cm . it weights 150 - 330 kg . females are slightly heavier . the coat is short , sparse and not concealing the skin in lowland populations , but longer ad thicker in the highland populations of guatemala and costa rica .

a 2013 paper in the journal of mammology announced that a new species of tapir had been discovered in brazil and colombia , although it had been known to local tribes . the kabomani tapir was said to be the largest mammal to be discovered in 100 years , according to world tapir day .

the thick hide is covered with a short , bristly - haired , dark brown coat . young animals have a reddish - brown coat brightly marked with white streaks and spots . at higher elevations , animals grow thicker coats as protection from the cold . the throat and cheeks are a light grayish - yellow , and there is usually a dark spot situated below and behind the eye . the edges of the rounded ears are white . the most noticable feature of the tapir is its prehensile nose , which looks and functions like a shortened version of an elephant ' s trunk . baird ' s tapir is the largest and heaviest of the new world tapir species , with a barrel - shaped body and stocky legs . there is no crest on the neck .

williams , k . ( 1984 ) . the central american tapir in northwestern costa rica . ph . d . thesis . michigan state university , east lansing , michigan , u . s . a . 84pp . [ links ]

adult tapirs are large enough that they have few natural predators , and the thick skin on the backs of their necks helps to protect them from threats such as jaguars , crocodiles , anacondas , and tigers . the creatures are also able to run fairly quickly , considering their size and cumbersome appearance , finding shelter in the thick undergrowth of the forest or in water . hunting for meat and hides has substantially reduced their numbers and , more recently , massive habitat loss has resulted in the conservation watch - listing of all four species : both the brazilian tapir and the malayan tapir are classified as vulnerable ; and the baird’s tapir and the mountain tapir are endangered . tapirs tend to prefer old growth forests and the food sources that can be found in them , making the preservation of primary woodlands a top priority for tapir conservationists .

eisenberg , j . f . ; et al . ( 1990 ) . " tapirs " . in parker , s . p .

authenticated ( 19 / 6 / 02 ) by sheryl todd . president , tapir preservation fund . urltoken

what can i do ? : visit the tapir preservation fund for information on how you can help .

the tapir family is old by mammalian standards . the earliest fossil tapir dates to the early oligocene ( about 30 million years ) , and eocene rocks from as early as 55 million years ago contain a wide range of tapir - like animals , and they have changed little since ( taylor 2007 ) .

myers , p . , r . espinosa , c . s . parr , t . jones , g . s . hammond , and t . a . dewey . 2006a . the diversity of cheek teeth . the animal diversity web . retrieved june 20 , 2006 .

the baird’s tapir is found in forested areas with ponds and streams ( wet tropical rainforest , tropical subdeciduous forest and montane cloud forests ) , palm swamps , paramo , mangrove , riparian forest , and successional vegetation ( caused by natural disturbances ) , as well as in narrow oak - forest strips covering the top of medium - altitude mountains ; from sea level to 3 , 620 m ( brooks et al . 1997 , naranjo and vaughan 2000 ) .

the word " tapir " comes from an indigenous brazilian language ; it means " thick , " referring to the animal ' s hide , according to the san diego zoo . " tapir " can be pronounced at least two ways , according to the random house dictionary ; it can rhyme either with " paper " or with " appear . "

myers , p . , r . espinosa , c . s . parr , t . jones , g . s . hammond , and t . a . dewey . 2006b . the basic structure of cheek teeth . the animal diversity web . retrieved june 20 , 2006 .

bin momin khan , mohd khan . " status and action plan of the panda tapir ( tapirus indicus ) " tapirs : status survey and conservation action plan published by iucn tapir specialist group , 1997 , page 1

bin momin khan , mohd khan . " status and action plan of the malayan tapir ( tapirus indicus ) " tapirs : status survey and conservation action plan published by iucn tapir specialist group , 1997 , page 2

baird ' s tapir consumed more than 100 plant species in different vegetation types of tropical dry and humid forests of costa rica and panama ( terwilliger , 1978 ; janzen , 1982a ; williams , 1984 ; and naranjo , 1995a ) . in the present study , tapir 132 consumed 126 different plant species . williams and petrides ( 1980 ) found similar results studying t . indicus in malaysia , reporting more than 115 species consumed . chalukian et al ( 2013 ) found t . terrestris fed on 57 species of plants based on fecal samples in el rey national park in argentina .

myers , p . , r . espinosa , c . s . parr , t . jones , g . s . hammond , and t . a . dewey . 2006 . the diversity of cheek teeth . the animal diversity web ( online ) . retrieved june 20 , 2006 .

according to keepers , the new calf and mom , bertie , are doing well . this is the minnesota zoo’s third tapir birth in 6 years . the new calf is also one of only 37 tapirs that are currently housed in zoos across north american .

myers , p . , r . espinosa , c . s . parr , t . jones , g . s . hammond , and t . a . dewey . 2006 . the basic structure of cheek teeth . the animal diversity web ( online ) . retrieved june 20 , 2006 .

williams , k . 1984 . the central american tapir in northwestern costa rica . ph . d . dissertation .

in other words , tapir 132 was willing to travel farther and take fewer bites to increase her fruit consumption .

, the tapir is commonly referred to as " cipan " , " tenuk " or " badak tampong " .

baird’s tapirs are native to mexico , central america , and northern south america , where they are the largest land mammals . they have very few natural predators , but are listed as endangered by the international union for conservation of nature , mainly due to habitat destruction and poaching . tapirs are legally protected in most of their range , but lack of enforcement results in significant losses .

team wild , an elite squadron of science superheroes , needs your help ! your mission : protect and conserve the planet’s species and habitats from destruction .

sarah’s mother , 23 - year - old sonia , was also born at the wrocław zoo . her father is 22 - year - old tapinos .

ok , maybe it ' s you . you may have typed the web address incorrectly . please check the address and spelling to eliminate any spaces .

mohd , azlan j . " recent observations of melanistic tapirs in peninsular malaysia " . tapir conservation : the newsletter of the iucn / ssc tapir specialist group , june 2002 , volume 11 , number 1 , pages 27 - 28

the specimen was scanned along the coronal axis for a total of 395 slices , each slice 1 . 0 mm thick with a 1 . 0 mm interslice spacing . the scanning was done by richard ketcham , cambria denison and matthew colbert on 03 march 1998 . the animations of baird ' s tapir are reduced from the original data for optimal web delivery . see the inspector for unreduced ct data . click on the thumbnail below to see the detail discernible in an unreduced sample slice through the braincase .

breed well into their 20’s . a female t . indicus at the san diego zoo gave birth to 15th offspring at age 30 ( barongi 1993 ) .

a healthy female tapir can give birth every 2 years . young tapirs such as the brazilian tapir often have reddish / brown coats that are striped and flecked with white . this pattern provides them with camouflage in the dappled forest shade .

the tapir may have evolved from the paleothere hyracotherium ( once thought to be a primitive horse ) . [ 32 ]

( all - black ) malayan tapirs have been observed . in 1924 , an all - black tapir was sent to

in thailand , for instance , capture and sale of a young tapir may be worth us $ 5500 . 00 .

simon , tamar . “the tapir : a big unknown” article from discovery channel canadian website , july 22 , 1999 .

could serve as a carrier of these diseases to new areas . tapirs also sometimes forage in agricultural areas and have been known to damage corn and other grains . however , this is rare because tapirs generally avoid human - disturbed areas and are few in number . baird’s tapirs often defecate in water and have the potential to affect human water sources downstream , although their rarity makes this a small problem .

d . m . brooks , r . e . bodmer , and s . matola . iucn , gland , switzerland and cambridge , uk . available online at

a uniquely valuable compendium of taxonomic and distributional data on the world ' s living and historically extinct mammalian species . contributors and editors alike deserve the thanks of all

hughes , j . 1998 . woman ' s arm bitten off in zoo attack . associated press , november 20 , 1998 . retrieved september 7 , 2007 .

boza , m . a . ( 1992 ) . parques nacionales de costa ricaincafo , s . a . madrid , españa . 333 p . [ links ]

talamoni , s . a . & amp ; assis , m . a . ( 2009 ) . feeding habit of the brazilian tapir , tapirus terrestris ( perissodactyla : tapiridae ) in a vegetation transition zone in southeastern brazil . zoologia curitiba impresso26 : 251 - 254 . [ links ]

rzss edinburgh zoo keepers are hearing the “pitter - patter” of tiny hooves with the birth of an endangered malayan tapir calf .

bbc . 2007 . wildfacts sheet on the brazilian tapir ( tapirus terrestris ) . bbc . retrieved september 7 , 2007 .

brooks , d . m . , bodmer , r . e . & matola , s . ( 1997 ) tapirs - status survey and conservation action plan . ( english , spanish , portuguese ) iucn / ssc tapir specialist group . iucn , gland , switzerland and cambridge , uk .

zoo new england is running a naming contest via crowdrise , with donations supporting global wildlife conservation’s nicaragua tapir project . with a $ 5 minimum donation , members of the public can vote for their favorite name for the calf , now through january 31 . follow this link to vote : urltoken

goudot , j . 1843 . nouvelles observations sur le tapir pinchaque ( recent observations on the tapir pinchaque ) . comptes rendus vol . xvi , pages 331 - 334 . available online with english translation by tracy metz . retrieved september 7 , 2007 .

data collection : tapir 132 was located in the field using a telonics tr - 2 receiver and ra - 14 antenna ( telonics inc . , meza , az . 85204 ) . at five minute intervals , data was collected on diet and foraging activity . because of the relative tranquil nature of tapir 132 , we had a unique opportunity to collect field data . no other tapir 132 in the study area allowed us to collect data as did tapir ; therefore the study is limited to one individual .

“we are very excited to welcome this new tapir to the minnesota zoo . malayan tapirs are endangered and this birth is a significant conservation achievement , as it’s estimated that fewer than 1 , 500 exist in the wild . the recent success we’ve had with tapir births over the past six years is an example of the incredible care our zookeeper and veterinary teams provides our animals , ” said tropics trail curator , tom ness .

note the flexible nose and ears tipped with white ; characteristics shared by all tapir species . image credit : san diego zoo global

zooborns featured news of the birth in a january 8 post : “ new year , new tapir at franklin park zoo ” .

percent observations of different activity states for tapir 132 from july 1995 to april 1996 . numbers in parenthesis are monthly sample sizes .

period of the malayan tapir is approximately 390–395 days , after which a single offspring , weighing around 15 pounds ( 6 . 8 kg ) , is born . malayan tapirs are the largest of the four tapir species at birth and grow more quickly than their

tapirs are generally shy , but when they are scared they can defend themselves with their very powerful jaws . in 1998 , a zookeeper in oklahoma city was mauled and had an arm severed by a tapir bite , after she attempted to feed the attacking tapir ' s young ( hughes 1998 ) . in 2006 , a 46 - year - old man ( who was the environmental minister at the time ) who was lost in the corcovado national park at costa rica was found by a search party with a " nasty bite " from a wild tapir .

a malayan tapir and her baby . calves look like brown - and - beige - striped watermelons , which is good for camouflage .

percent composition of major food items consumed by tapir 132 from june 1995 to april 1996 . numbers in parenthesis are monthly sample sizes .

the females are usually larger than the males . like the other types of tapir , they have small stubby tails and long , flexible

in chinese , korean , and japanese , the tapir is named after a beast from chinese mythology . a feature of this mythical creature is a snout like that of an elephant . it is said to eat people ' s dreams . in chinese , the name of this beast , subsequently the name of the tapir , is mò in mandarin and mek in cantonese . the korean equivalent is maek , while it is called baku in japanese .

wilson & burnie , animal : the definitive visual guide to the world ' s wildlife . dk adult ( 2001 ) , isbn 978 - 0 - 7894 - 7764 - 4

attentive mother , chiquita , has been protectively caring for her sweet , striped son . the new family , including dad farrusco , is at home in the zoo’s south american exhibit .

dobson , f . s . & amp ; jinping , y . ( 1993 ) . rarity in neotropical forest mammals revisited . conservation biology7 : 586 - 591 . [ links ]

woodland park zoo ( wpz ) . 2007 . animal fact sheet : malayan tapir ( tapirus indicus ) . retrieved september 7 , 2007 .

tpf news , tapir preservation fund , vol . 4 , no . 7 , july 2001 . see section on study by charles foerster .

the malayan tapir ( tapirus indicus ) , also known as the asian tapir , is the largest of four tapir species and is the only old world tapir . they are native to the rainforests of burma , malaysia , sumatra and thailand . their noses and upper lips are extended to form a prehensile proboscis , which they use to grab leaves . tapirs normally measure 1 . 8 to 2 . 5m ( 6 to 8 feet ) in length , with a shoulder height of 0 . 9 to 1 . 1m . ( 3 to 3 . 5 feet ) .

their most distinctive feature is their snout . it is flexible like an elephant ' s trunk . however , the tapir’s trunk is actually its upper lip and nose . tapirs can grab things with their trunks , somewhat like an elephant . they use them to pluck leaves and fruit out of trees , according to national geographic , and then place these goodies in their mouths . and , according to the san diego zoo , when threatened , tapirs will submerge themselves in a river and use their snouts like a snorkel .

brooks , d . m . , r . e . bodmer , and s . matola ( compilers ) . 1997 . tapirs - status survey and conservation action plan . ( english , spanish , portuguese . ) iucn / ssc tapir specialist group . iucn , gland , switzerland and cambridge , uk . viii + 164 pp .

zoo de beauval is pleased to announce the birth of a male brazilian tapir . the handsome three - week - old has been named diego .

although it spends most of its time in the water or lying in the mud , the tapir can move quickly and is an excellent swimmer .

the tapir is a herbivore and spends its time browsing for food . the tapir eats leaves , twigs , branches , buds , shoots , berries , fruits and aquatic plants . due to its large size , the tapir has few natural predators in its environment . it is known to be preyed upon by wild cats such as tigers , jaguars and cougars along with large reptiles like crocodiles and even the odd snake . the human is believed to be the most common predator of the tapir as they have been hunted for food and even domesticated in some areas . [ 2 ]

cheyenne mountain zoo ( cmz ) . 2006 . mountain tapir conservation at the cheyenne mountain zoo . cheyenee mountain zoo . retrieved september 7 , 2007 .

frank buck wrote about an attack by a tapir in 1926 , which he described in his book , bring ' em back alive . [ 41 ]

denver zoo is happy to announce the birth of umi , an endangered malayan tapir . the female calf , whose name means “life” in malayan , was born to mother rinny and father benny early in the morning on may 6 . she is only the third malayan tapir ever born at the denver zoo .

tapir 132 was observed for a minimum of 20 hrs . per month from june 1995 to april 1996 , excluding august 1995 . considering that tapir activity was predominantly nocturnal ( foerster & vaughan , 2002 ) , diet and foraging behavior data was collected between 1800 - 0600 hrs . observation periods lasted between two and 11 hrs .

tapirs are largely nocturnal and crepuscular , although the smaller mountain tapir of the andes is generally more active during the day than its congeners . they have monocular vision .

olmos , f . ( 1997 ) . tapirs as seed dispersers and predators . in : brooks , d . m . , bodmer , r . e . , matola , s . ( eds . ) tapirs - status survey and conservation action plan . ( pp . 3 - 9 ) . iucn / ssc tapir specialist group . iucn , gland , switzerland . [ links ]

terms of use - the displayed portlet may be used as a link from your website to arkive ' s online content for private , scientific , conservation or educational purposes only . it may not be used within apps .

tapirs measure between 1 . 8 – 2 . 5 metres ( 6 – 8 . 25 feet ) in length depending on species – the malayan tapir is the largest and the mountain tapir is the smallest . their weight can vary between 180 – 320 kilograms ( 396 – 704 pounds ) and they can stand around 1 metre ( 3 feet ) at shoulder height . tapirs coats are short and can range in colour from reddish brown to black , with the malayan tapir being the only subspecies to have a white saddle - shaped marking on its back which may help it to camouflage in dimly lit forest undergrowth and the mountain tapir having a more woolly fur covering .

bites taken during ten minute periods : the study long average for number of bites taken during ten minute periods was 49 , 7 ( n = 147 , s . d . = 30 , 14 ) . the wet and dry season averages for bites taken during ten minute periods were 42 , 1 ( s . d . = 29 , 21 ) and 58 . 2 ( s . d . = 29 , 07 ) respectively . the wet season values for bites per ten minute interval were significantly smaller than dry season paces per ten minute period ( f = 11 , 18 , d . f . = 1 , 145 ; p = 0 , 0011 ) .

was estimated to be 0 . 24 individuals per square kilometer in areas where there was low hunting pressure and 0 . 05 tapirs per square kilometer in persistently hunted areas . however , densities can reach up to 0 . 8 individual per square kilometer in areas with lush vegetation . although baird’s tapirs are largely solitary and typically feed alone , social interactions are often observed . individuals have been observed feeding together on occasion and even exchanging non - threatening physical contact . they have also been observed charging each other , but the charges rarely last for more than a few seconds .

the asian tapir is classified as endangered due to estimated population decline of more than 50 percent in the next three generations . their endangerment is mostly due to habitat loss .

. they have four toes on each front foot and three toes on each back foot . the malayan tapir has rather poor eyesight but excellent hearing and sense of smell .

cozzuol , m . a . ; clozato , c . l . ; holanda , e . c . ; rodrigues , f . v . h . g . ; nienow , s . ; de thoisy , b . ; redondo , r . a . f . ; santos , f . c . r . ( 2013 ) . " a new species of tapir from the amazon " .

the malayan tapir ' s gestation period varies from 390 - 419 days . mothers usually give birth every 2 - 4 years to a single calf , and twins are rare . at birth , a calf weighs approximately 10 - 20 pounds . for the first 6 - 8 months of their life , tapir calves resemble furry watermelons with legs . they are dark brown to black with alternating bands of yellowish - white stripes and spots . young tapirs grow quickly and can weigh as much as 450 pounds at one year of age ; they reach adult size in 2 - 3 years .

the tapir is a large pig - like , browsing mammal that belongs to the family : tairidae . tapirs are odd - toes ungulate animals that can be found in the rainforests of south and central america and southeast asia . there are 4 living species of tapir of which three are native to the american rainforests and one native to the asian rainforests .

goudot , justin . " nouvelles observations sur le tapir pinchaque ( recent observations on the tapir pinchaque ) , " comptes rendus , paris 1843 , vol . xvi , pages 331 - 334 . available online with english translation by tracy metz . report contains accounts of wild mountain tapirs shying away from human contact at salt deposits after being hunted , and hiding .

tapirs have brown eyes , often with a bluish cast to them , which has been identified as corneal cloudiness , a condition most commonly found in malayan tapirs . the exact etiology is unknown , but the cloudiness may be caused by excessive exposure to light or by trauma . [ 17 ] [ 18 ] however , the tapir ' s sensitive ears and strong sense of smell help to compensate for deficiencies in vision .

the tapir mostly eats leaves , twigs , fruits , and some seeds . it is an important disperser of seeds for several plants ( e . g . , raphia faedigera ) .

in indonesia , the animal is called " badak , " which is the same word for rhinos . and in thailand , the word for tapir is " p ' som - sett , " which means " mixture is finished , " and refers to the belief that the tapir was created from leftover parts of other animals , according to the san diego zoo .

houck , m . l . , s . c . kingswood , and a . t . kumamoto . 2000 . comparative cytogenetics of tapirs , genus tapirus ( perissodactyla , tapiridae ) . cytogenetics and cell genetics 89 : 110 - 115 .

there are five species of tapir , and they are all relatively similar in size . they range from 29 to 42 inches ( 74 to 107 centimeters ) from foot to shoulder and weigh a hefty 500 to 800 lbs . ( 227 to 363 kilograms ) . the largest species is the malayan tapir , which can grow up 800 lbs . ( 363 kg ) .

information indicates evolutionary relationships at both the ordinal and the family level . this indispensable reference work belongs in public and academic libraries throughout the world and on the shelf of every biologist who works with mammals . " - - publisher ' s website .

bodmer , r . e . ( 1990 ) . fruit patch size and frugivory in the lowland tapir ( tapirus terrestris ) . journal of zoology222 : 121 - 128 . [ links ]

a number of conservation projects have been started around the world . the tapir specialist group , a unit of the iucn species survival commission , strives to conserve biological diversity by stimulating , developing , and executing practical programs to study , save , restore , and manage the four species of tapir and their remaining habitats in central and south america and southeast asia . [ 35 ]

the malayan tapir has very poor eyesight , making them rely greatly on their excellent sense of smell and hearing to go about in their everyday lives . the malayan tapir has small , beady eyes with brown irises on either side of their face . their eyes are often covered in a blue haze , which is corneal cloudiness thought to be caused by repetitive exposure to light .

today , there are large forest reserves in belize to protect the remaining populations , and the tapir is found in these protected areas with the exception of guanacaste national park and rio blanco . the tapir is an extra special animal for its importance to belize . the protection of these precious first animals is vital and we must all do our part in helping with the conservation process .

janzen , d . h . ( 1982b ) . seeds in tapir dung in santa rosa national park , costa rica . brenesia 19 / 20 ) : 129 - 135 . [ links ]

fragosoj . , silviusk . , & correaj . ( 2003 ) . long - distance seed dispersal by tapir increases seed survival and aggregates tropical trees . ecology84 : 1998 - 2006 . [ links ]

given that bark and flower were minor components of tapir 132 ' s diet in most months of the study , variations in monthly percent of fruit in the diet were primarily reflected in negative correlations with percent leaf matter . as a result , where percent fruit was positively associated with mnc observations and paces taken per unit of time , percent leaf was negatively correlated with those same categories . where percent fruit was negatively correlated with sc observations and number of bites per ten minute periods , positive associations were seen with percent leaf consumption . this is the only tapir study combining diet and foraging , therefore it is impossible to compare results and correlations with other research .

alina bradford is a contributing writer for live science . over the past 16 years , alina has covered everything from ebola to androids while writing health , science and tech articles for major publications . she has multiple health , safety and lifesaving certifications from oklahoma state university . alina ' s goal in life is to try as many experiences as possible . to date , she has been a volunteer firefighter , a dispatcher , substitute teacher , artist , janitor , children ' s book author , pizza maker , event coordinator and much more .

alger , s . , vaughan , c . & amp ; foerster , c . ( 1998 ) . resting site microhabitat selection by tapirus bairdii during the dry season in corcovado national park , costa rica . vida silvestre neotropical7 : 136 - 138 . [ links ]

tapirs are related to rhinoceroses and horses . male tapirs are called ‘bulls’ , females are called ‘cows’ and a baby tapir is a ‘calf’ . the name for a group of tapirs is called a ‘candle’ .

tapirs have brown eyes , often with a bluish cast to them , which has been identified as corneal cloudiness , a condition most commonly found in malayan tapirs . the exact etiology is unknown , but the cloudiness may be caused by excessive exposure to light or by trauma . however , the tapir ' s sensitive ears and strong sense of smell help to compensate for deficiencies in vision . tapirs have simple stomachs and are hindgut fermenters that ferment digested food in a large cecum .

tapirs have a gestation period of approximately 13 months . keepers had been closely monitoring juju’s progress and noticed she was restless the day before she gave birth . once juju went into labor , she welcomed her new calf about five minutes later , without the help of keepers .

given the estimated consumption of about 11 , 9 kilos of biomass ( dry wt ) per day or 4 , 307 kilos per year . naranjo ( 1995b ) estimated between 155 - 249 tapirs in cnp . if the total tapir population in cnp was calculated as 200 tapirs , the total biomass consumed by tapirs in the park would be 872 , 400 kilos of biomass ( dry wt ) yearly , which could greatly impact the park ' s vegetation , especially those species consumed .

, tapirs are seldom hunted for food , as their physical similarity to pigs has made tapir meat a taboo , but in some regions they are hunted for sport or shot accidentally when mistaken for other animals .

castellanos , a . , c . roerester , d . lizcano , e . naranjo , e . cruz - alden , i . lira - torres , r . samudio , s . matola , j . schipper , j . gonzalez - maya . 2008 . tapirus bairdii .

with all said , the tapir is an extra special animal for its importance to belize . the protection and of these precious animals is vital and we must all do our part in helping with the conservation process .

common tapir characteristics include a large body size , short legs , a flexible proboscis ( nose ) , and rounded ears with white tips . note the differences in adult pelage ( coat ) color for four species .

naranjo , e . ( 1995a ) . hábitos de alimentación del tapir ( tapirus bairdii ) en un bosque tropical húmedo de costa rica . vida silvestre neotropical4 ( 1 ) : 32 - 37 . [ links ]

witmer , l . , s . d . sampson , and n . solounias . 1999 . the proboscis of tapirs ( mammalia : perissodactyla ) : a case study in novel narial anatomy . journal of zoology london . 249 : 249 - 267 . retrieved september 7 , 2007 .

foerster , c . r . ( 1998 ) . comportamiento de forrajeo y dieta de una danta centroamericana en un bosque húmedo tropical de costa rica . m . s . thesis . programa regional en manejo de vida silvestre , universidad nacional , heredia , costa rica . [ links ]

hartshorn , g . s . ( 1983 ) . plants . in : d . h . janzen ( ed ) . costa rican natural history . ( pp . 119 - 160 ) . the university of chicago press , chicago , illinois , usa . 865 pp . [ links ]

march , i . j . ( 1994 ) . la situación actual del tapir en méxico . centro de investigación ecológicas del surestemonograf series , no . 1san cristóbal de las casas , chiapas , méxico . [ links ]

rodríguez , m . , olmos , f . & amp ; galetti , m . ( 1993 ) . seed dispersal by tapir in southeastern brazil . mammalia 57 ( 3 ) : 460 - 461 . [ links ]

castellanos , a . , cruz - aldán , e . , foerster , c . r . , gonzález - maya , j . f . , lira torres , i . , lizcano , d . j . , matola , s . , samudio jr , r . & schipper , j .

a terrestrial biome found in temperate latitudes ( > 23 . 5° n or s latitude ) . vegetation is made up mostly of grasses , the height and species diversity of which depend largely on the amount of moisture available . fire and grazing are important in the long - term maintenance of grasslands .

williams , k . d . & amp ; petrides , g . a . ( 1980 ) . browse use , feeding behavior and management of the malayan tapir . journal of wildlife management44 : 489 - 494 . [ links ]

the minnesota zoo is thrilled to announce the birth of an endangered malayan tapir calf . the little female , named indah , was born on january 6 after an approximately 400 - day gestation period and weighed - in at 16 pounds .

naranjo , e . ( 1995b ) . abundancia , uso de hábitat y dieta del tapir ( tapirus bairdii ) en un bosque tropical húmedo de costa rica . vida silvestre neotropical4 ( 1 ) : 20 - 30 . [ links ]

young tapirs reach sexual maturity between three and five years of age , with females maturing earlier than males . under good conditions , a healthy female tapir can reproduce every two years ; a single young , called a calf , is born after a gestation of about 13 months . the natural lifespan of a tapir is about 25 to 30 years , both in the wild and in zoos . apart from mothers and their young offspring , tapirs lead almost exclusively solitary lives .