the crested jay ( platylophus galericulatus ) is a species of bird traditionally placed in the family corvidae but might belong to the helmetshrikes .

it is monotypic within the genus platylophus .

it is found in brunei , indonesia , malaysia , myanmar , and thailand .

its natural habitats are subtropical or tropical moist lowland forests and subtropical or tropical moist montane forests .

it is threatened by habitat loss .

crested jay

crested jay <EOT> information on the crested jay is currently being researched and written and will appear here shortly .

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description : the plushed - crested jay is a south american species which performs co - operative breeding . two or three helpers take part in nesting duties and defence against predators .

protection / threats / status : the plushed - crested jay is threatened by the deforestation , but fortunately , this species is able to live in isolated forest patches of 10 - 20 ha , if larger forests are not too far . illegal pet trade is also an important threat . this jay frequents the urban areas in brazil , and can be common to abundant in its range . currently , the populations of the plushed - crested jay are not threatened .

range : the plushed - crested jay occurs in several parts of south america , from n argentina , to paraguay and uruguay , n and e bolivia . this species is also found in brazil , south of the amazon river .

behaviour : the plushed - crested jay feeds primarily on small invertebrates , mainly insects , and fruits from several plant species . it can sometimes take nestlings and eggs of other bird species , and frogs . it regularly feeds on maize when available and other seeds during the winter . the plushed - crested jay does not eat the animal items when captured , but it brings them to another place . it holds the food with the feet and pecks with the bill . it removes the wings of the large insects .

flight : the plushed - crested jay performs short flights over open areas when foraging . the short , rounded wings allow the bird to fly easily from branch to branch among the trees in forested areas . its flight is undulating , with flapping interspersed with gliding .

diet : the plushed - crested jay feeds mainly on small invertebrates , and mostly insects . it also takes fruits from several plant species such as ficus and phylodendrum , casearia and syagros , and also psidium and rapanea . nestlings and eggs of other bird species , frogs , seeds and maize are also taken , according to the food availability .

voice : sounds by xeno - canto the plushed - crested jay has a large repertoire of more than 20 different sounds . in territorial defence , it gives loud , far - carrying calls . when the birds gather in flocks or move , they give social calls , a single , metallic , low melodious sound . there are two alarm calls : a single note when the predator is still far off and a phrase of 3 - 6 shorter notes when it approaches . the contact calls heard among foraging birds are sequences of 2 - 3 “chyup - chyup” . this jay can also mimicry other birds’ calls .

debus , s . & sharpe , c . j . ( 2018 ) . crested jay ( platylophus galericulatus ) . in : del hoyo , j . , elliott , a . , sargatal , j . , christie , d . a . & de juana , e . ( eds . ) . handbook of the birds of the world alive . lynx edicions , barcelona . ( retrieved from urltoken on 9 july 2018 ) .

habitat : the plushed - crested jay frequents forest and wooded areas , from typical lowland evergreen forest and tropical deciduous forest to temperate rainforest . it is usually seen up to 1500 metres of elevation , but it may occur at 2800 metres in bolivia . all kinds of forests and wooded areas are suitable for this species , and especially with maize plantations in the surroundings . it also frequents eucalyptus plantations and forest edges , and can be seen in suburban areas .

the plushed - crested jay is a communal breeder , and commonly 2 - 3 helpers take part in nesting duties and defence . but if the co - operative breeding seems to be frequent , this species also breeds in pairs and the young remain within the family group for several months . mate selection occurs at noisy , communal roosts . the male performs courtship feeding to the female , and she responds by jiggling wings and tail . they are monogamous but the pair - bonds are not for the life . they roost communally with some birds as sentinels .

the plushed - crested jay is sometimes co - operative breeder , with two or three young of the previous year as helpers , taking part in nesting duties and defence against predators by mobbing and chasing them away from the territory . the nest is cup - shaped and often placed between 4 and 7 metres in the thick foliage of a tree . the nest is made with twigs , and the interior is lined with finer twigs and plant fibres , layers of bark and roots . other soft materials can be added such as feathers , grass and leaves .

) is a large jay with a black head , white - tipped tail , and distinctive recurved crest . it is endemic to the cerrado woodlands and woodland edges in south - central brazil and parts of paraguay and bolivia . omnivores in the fullest sense , the jays have been known to eat a variety of fruit , arthropods , and even some vertebrates . these jays are territorial , forming groups of 9 to 11 individuals . they are cooperative breeders that actively assist in the feeding and rearing of young . the conservation status of the

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del hoyo , j . , collar , n . j . , christie , d . a . , elliott , a . , fishpool , l . d . c . , boesman , p . and kirwan , g . m . 2016 . hbw and birdlife international illustrated checklist of the birds of the world . volume 2 : passerines . lynx edicions and birdlife international , barcelona , spain and cambridge , uk .

this species is relatively scarce across its range , and is restricted to forest habitats . it is likely to be declining moderately rapidly overall , as a result of on - going habitat loss . it is therefore currently considered near threatened , and should be monitored carefully .

the population size of this species has not been quantified ; it is considered locally common . trend justification : a moderately rapid population decline is suspected to be occurring as a result of forest clearance . the rate of decline is not believed to be more rapid because the species may be tolerant of secondary habitats .

this species occurs in lowland evergreen forest , both primary and tall secondary , up to 1 , 500 m .

rates of forest loss in the sundaic lowlands have been extremely rapid , owing partly to the escalation of illegal logging and land conversion , with deliberate targeting of all remaining stands of valuable timber including those inside protected areas . forest fires have also had a damaging effect ( particularly in 1997 - 1998 ) . the magnitude of these threats may be allayed by this species ' s tolerance of hill and submontane forests , which are under less pressure from logging and agricultural conversion .

no targeted conservation actions are known for this species , although it occurs in a number of protected areas .

conduct repeated surveys within the species ' s range to determine its current distribution and abundance , as well as assess population trends and rates of habitat loss . conduct ecological studies to improve understanding of its precise habitat requirements , tolerance of secondary habitats and response to fragmentation . effectively protect significant areas of suitable forest at key sites , in both strictly protected areas and community - led multiple use areas .

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some confusion has existed over names applied to races ; proposed names scapulatus and ardesiacus ( both with vague type localities in java ) are treated as synonyms of nominate . race lemprieri sometimes thought to be part of a cline and perhaps of doubtful validity , but accepted by recent authors # r . four subspecies recognized .

( raffles , 1822 ) – sumatra and most of borneo ( except n ) .

31–33 cm ; 78–114 g . an unmistakable dark bird with remarkable long crest formed chiefly by two elongated central feathers , tips of which are slightly broader and . . .

noisy . contact call ( often first indication of species ' presence ) an excited , almost explosive . . .

lowland broadleaf forest ; in hill forest reaches to 750 m in thailand , 1000 m in sumatra , and 1800 . . .

surprisingly poorly known . diet a variety of invertebrates , including large hairy caterpillars ( lepidoptera ) , millipedes ( diplopoda ) , . . .

poorly studied . season jun–jul and oct–feb in java ; eggs laid early feb in malay peninsula . solitary breeder . well - made nest . . .

sedentary , as far as is known . may possibly be nomadic to a certain extent , as suggested by . . .

not globally threatened . currently considered near threatened . locally not uncommon , though population estimates lacking . reliance on lowland forest makes it vulnerable to . . .

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traditionally placed in corvidae , but morphological study # r and molecular analyses # r # r # r indicate that it is distinct from that family ; perhaps sister to laniidae # r # r , and has been included therein in one recent work # r .

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classified as near threatened ( nt ) on the iucn red list ( 1 ) .

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single typical loud trill repeated twice - 18 - 19 notes . probably same bird or mate of xc96417 . at least two birds foraging at low levels , mostly calling infrequently

single typical loud trill - about 20 notes . at least two birds foraging at low levels , mostly calling infrequently

there are two distinct calls . one shorter and harsher the other slightly longer and softer . possibly male and female back and forth or something else !

sonogram images © xeno - canto foundation . sonogram images share the same license terms as the recording they depict .

) is a distinctly - colored member of the corvidae . it has a dark violet blue back , a black bib , pale yellow underparts , tail band , and nape , spots of blue above and below the eye , and of course , a short crest of stiff , “plush - like” crown feathers , from which its name is derived . it is commonly found in the forests and woodlands of south central south america . these gregarious jays actively forage in groups between ten to twelve individuals , often accompanied by

) , version 1 . 0 . in neotropical birds online ( t . s . schulenberg , editor ) . cornell lab of ornithology , ithaca , ny , usa .

is rated as of least concern due to its relative abundance , widespread range , and ability to adapt to anthropogenic habitat changes .

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myavibase allows you to create and manage your own lifelists , and produce useful reports to help you plan your next birding excursion .

there are more than 12 , 000 regional checklists in avibase , offered in 9 different taxonomies , including synonyms more than 175 languages . each checklist can be viewed with photos shared by the birding community , and also printed as pdf checklists for field use .

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howard and moore 4th edition ( incl . corrigenda vol . 1 - 2 ) :

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recommended citation birdlife international ( 2018 ) species factsheet : platylophus galericulatus . downloaded from urltoken on 09 / 07 / 2018 . recommended citation for factsheets for more than one species : birdlife international ( 2018 ) iucn red list for birds . downloaded from urltoken on 09 / 07 / 2018 .

adult has bright indigo - blue upperparts . the upperwing shows brownish inner - edges of primary flight feathers . the graduated tail is tipped pale yellowish or white .

on the underparts , chin , throat , neck sides and breast are black . the rest of the underparts varies from creamy - white to pale yellowish . the undertail is graduated with creamy to pale yellowish rectrices and dark bases . the underwing is brownish .

on the head , the black forehead shows stiffened feathers becoming softer on the crown , and forming a velvety crest . the result is a peculiar plush - like head , giving the bird its english name . forehead , crown and head sides are black . we can see an ultramarine elongated crescent above the eye . this patch is washed white at top . another ultramarine - blue spot is below the rear - eye and joins the large cyan - blue malar stripe , forming a v below the eye . the nape is white washed ultramarine , and the hind neck is pure ultramarine . the bill is black . eyes are yellow . legs and feet are blackish .

both sexes are similar . the juvenile has duller nape , and the facial pattern appears after the first month . the eyes are browner and become yellow at three months .

we can find four subspecies : c . c . diesingii has more dome - shaped crown , smaller ultramarine eye - patches and malar stripe , paler nape and hind neck , and narrower whitish tail tip . c . c . insperatus is similar to diesingii with pure white underparts and tail tip . c . c . tucumanus is similar to nominate race but larger ( here displayed ) . c . c . chrysops is described here .

it forages by hopping on the ground , but also among the foliage and on the branches . when the resources are abundant , it often stores the food on the ground covered with leaves , or in trees between the branches . they often forage in flocks of 3 - 10 birds at all levels . each bird moves singly across the forest clearing and edges . they also fly for short distances over more open areas . on the ground , it turns over the dead leaves by sweeping bill sideways .

reproduction : the breeding season occurs between october and december in paraguay and s brazil .

the female lays 2 - 4 speckled eggs and she incubates during 18 - 20 days . the male feeds her during this period . the chicks fledge 22 - 24 days after hatching , but they are fed by adults for three months more after leaving the nest .


the chestnut goby ( chromogobius quadrivittatus ) is a species of goby found in the mediterranean and black sea .

in the black sea it is found in the gulf of varna , saline lagoons near abrau , also near novorossiysk and sochi .

this species occurs in shallow , coastal waters .

it can reach a length of 6.6 centimetres ( 2.6 in ) sl .

chestnut goby

chestnut goby <EOT> chestnut goby - urdu meaning and translation of chestnut goby , translation , multiple word search ( seperate words with space ) , english to urdu machine translation of chestnut goby and more .

is a small cryptobenthic goby observed at inshore bottom , under stones or between weed tufts , and into mid - tide pools , occurred most frequently from zero to two metres ( miller 1971 , 1986 ; ahnelt , 1991 ) .

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gland , switzerland , 5 july 2018 ( iucn ) – australia’s unique reptiles – including lizards and snakes – face severe threats from invasive species and climate change , with 7 % of th . . .

the value of medicinal and aromatic plant trade has increased three - fold in the past 20 years , but traditional harvesting practices are being replaced by less sustainable alternatives . . . .

a recently released iucn technical brief recommends increasing investments in sustainable land management practices , as well as better cooperation between agriculturalists and conservationists to conse . . .

de silva , r . , milligan , h . t . , lutz , m . , batchelor , a . , jopling , b . , kemp , k . , lewis , s . , lintott , p . , sears , j . , livingston , f . , acero , a . , murdy , e . & van tassell , j .

justification : chromogobius quadrivittatus is distributed throughout the northern and eastern mediterranean sea and from parts of the western and northern black sea . little data are available on the population size , but there are no known major threats to c . quadrivittatus . therefore , c . quadrivittatus is assessed as least concern .

chromogobius quadrivittatus is known from the northern and eastern mediterranean and from the black sea . it has not been recorded from the south - central and southwestern mediterranean ( miller 1986 ) . the most western record is from barcelona , spain , and the most eastern from sochi ( russian federation ) in the black sea . the most southern record is from caeserea ( israel ; miller 1971 ) . chromogobius quadrivittatus is typically found only in shallow intertidal areas , less than about two metres ( van tassell 2001 ) .

bulgaria ; croatia ; cyprus ; france ( corsica , france ( mainland ) ) ; georgia ( abkhaziya ) ; greece ( east aegean is . ) ; israel ; italy ( italy ( mainland ) , sardegna ) ; lebanon ; monaco ; palestinian territory , occupied ; russian federation ( european russia , south european russia ) ; spain ( spain ( mainland ) ) ; turkey ( turkey - in - asia , turkey - in - europe ) ; ukraine

no estimation of population size and trend of c . quadrivittatus has been published . ahnelt ( 1991 ) noted that “records of this species are still scattered and infrequent” and that “the species is only rarely found” . the largest collected sample of this species was of 34 specimens ( pampoulie and bouchereau 1996 ) . based on the present number of known records and the number of collected specimens in these records , and until more data are available , the species should be considered uncommon .

chromogobius quadrivittatus has tolerance for brackish water and in the black sea was recorded also in the small coastal lagoon ( miller 1971 ) . no data exist for lifespan , life cycle and growth pattern ( miller 1986 ) . the studied population from corsica was composed of one year class adult female and juveniles ( pampoulie and bouchereau 1996 ) , suggesting that the generation length is one year or longer .

chromogobius quadrivittatus may be impacted locally , but is not considered threatened across its range .

there are no species - specific conservation measures in place or needed , however it does occur in marine protected areas . chromogobius quadrivittatus was previously assessed as least concern , globally and in the mediterranean ( abdul malak et al . 2011 , iucn 2011 ) .

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justification : chaenogobius annularis has been assessed as least concern due to its large range and no known widespread threats to this species .

distributed throughout russia , china and the korean peninsula , to japan , the kuril islands and sakhalin island .

detailed population information is lacking for this species although it is noted to be stable .

it is not known if there are any conservation measures in place or needed .

greek , chromis = a fish , perhaps a perch + latin , gobius = gudgeon ( ref . 45335 )

maturity : l m ? range ? - ? cm max length : 6 . 6 cm sl male / unsexed ; ( ref . 4696 )

anterior opercle with a dark spot on its lower edge . anterior margin of pectoral fin base with a dark vertical band . scales cycloid . sensory papillae : row 1 , 13 - 20 ; row 2 , 11 - 19 ; row 3 , 9 - 16 ; row 4 , 10 - 16 ; row 5 , 7 - 16 ; row y , 3 - 7 ; row tr , 4 - 7 ( ref . 41100 ) .

adults occur in shallow inshore waters , under stones or between weed tufts . also found in mid - tide pools . feed on small decapods and amphipod crustaceans ( ref . 4696 ) . eggs are pear - shaped ( ref . 4696 ) .

miller , p . j . , 1986 . gobiidae . p . 1019 - 1085 . in p . j . p . whitehead , m . - l . bauchot , j . - c . hureau , j . nielsen and e . tortonese ( eds . ) fishes of the north - eastern atlantic and the mediterranean . volume 3 . unesco , paris . ( ref . 4696 )

phylogenetic diversity index ( ref . 82805 ) : pd 50 = 0 . 6250 [ uniqueness , from 0 . 5 = low to 2 . 0 = high ] .

bayesian length - weight : a = 0 . 00617 ( 0 . 00279 - 0 . 01364 ) , b = 3 . 08 ( 2 . 89 - 3 . 27 ) , in cm total length , based on lwr estimates for this ( sub ) family - body shape ( ref . 93245 ) .

trophic level ( ref . 69278 ) : 3 . 4 ±0 . 52 se ; based on food items .

resilience ( ref . 69278 ) : high , minimum population doubling time less than 15 months ( preliminary k or fecundity . ) .

vulnerability ( ref . 59153 ) : low vulnerability ( 17 of 100 ) .

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[ chromogobius quadrivittatus , syn . : c . kryzanowskii , gobius depressus , g . planiceps , relictogobius kryzhanovskii ]

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the brown box crab , lopholithodes foraminatus , is a king crab that lives from kodiak island , alaska to san diego , california .

at depths of 0 – 547 metres ( 0 – 1,795 ft ) .

it reaches a carapace length of 150 millimetres ( 5.9 in ) , and feeds on bivalves and detritus .

it often lies buried in the sediment , and two foramens in the chelipeds allow water into the gill chamber for respiration .

the gill chamber is also sometimes used by the commensal fish careproctus to hold its eggs .

brown box crab

brown box crab <EOT> related searches for brown box crab : crab soft shell crab blue crab hermit crab brown crab golden crab coconut crab green crab mud crab imitation crab king crab florida blue crab alaskan king crab frozen blue crab hairy crab more . . .

tags : storage box . | decorative storage boxes | wooden storage box | view larger image

about product and suppliers : urltoken offers 923 brown box crab products . about 2 % of these are fresh seafood , 2 % are crab , and 1 % are shellfish . a wide variety of brown box crab options are available to you , such as crab , lobster , and shellfish . you can also choose from halal , fda , and eec . as well as from mud crab , king crab , and soft shell crab . and whether brown box crab is whole , or surimi . there are 915 brown box crab suppliers , mainly located in asia . the top supplying countries are china ( mainland ) , united kingdom , and malaysia , which supply 97 % , 1 % , and 1 % of brown box crab respectively . brown box crab products are most popular in north america , western europe , and eastern europe . you can ensure product safety by selecting from certified suppliers , including 856 with iso9001 , 10 with other , and 7 with haccp certification .

this past weekend at the tuna harbor dockside market we picked up some box crabs ( our second box crab experience . box crabs are relatively pricey for crabs at the market , hitting $ 8 . 00 per pound . however i will note that this price still seems good for crab .

to read a 1992 report by the national oceanic and atmospheric administration ( noaa ) on box crab , click here .

brown box crab ( lopholithodes foraminatus ) this video was taken at farnsworth bank , catalina island , california / offshore of catalina island , california as a part of data collection for the south coast marine protected area baseline monitoring project . please visit the institute for applied marine ecology ' s website at urltoken to learn more about these and other ongoing projects .

two deep - water species that are occasionally seen in puget sound and also occur in deep water off the coast are the box crab and its close relative the king crab . the latter is called the king crab because of its large size when fully grown ( up to 10 inches wide ) but is not to be confused with the commercial king crab of alaska . these crabs are more apt to be seen by divers than fishers with pots . both are covered with wart - like tubercles and spines and resemble a rough box when their legs and claws are folded against the body . the box crab gets its name from the opening or foramen formed from matching semicircular notches in the claws and first walking legs . when the legs are folded tightly , water enters the gill cavity through this round opening . in the king crab this opening is absent .

box crabs are a species of king crab and have sizable legs with large chunks of meat . brown box crabs are able to fold their legs in close to their body , in an almost perfect fit , leading to their common name . they also have a unique circular opening in their claws that may help them feed . the box crab is found from the coast of alaska down to san diego but is not widely marketed in southern california . since we have been visiting the fish market , box crabs have been a staple and should be available year round in san diego . the crabs available at the market were caught by trap off of the channel islands . we ended up buying two spider crabs for dinner . as soon as we got home from the market , we threw the crabs in the freezer for a humane numbing before their steam bath . our crabs averaged just under three pounds each , so after a twenty - two minute steam - eight minutes per pound ( average weight of each crab ) - and a quick cool down , ingrid got down to picking the meat .

one of the most popular items on washington seafood menus is the dungeness crab . this hardshelled crustacean is fished from the aleutian islands to mexico . the shell is purple - tinged , gray or brown on the back and the tips of the claws are typically white . the dungeness crab can reach ten inches across the back though six to seven inches is more common . in puget sound this crab is most abundant north of seattle , in hood canal , and near the pacific coast . the dungeness crab is frequently associated with eelgrass beds and prefers sandy or muddy substrates .

the brown box crab , lopholithodes foraminatus , like the red king crab , is in the family lithodidae . kodiak island , alaska is the northern extent of its range which extends south to san diego , california . their preferred habitat is mud bottom or on vertical rock faces above the mud , from low intertidal to 600 m . carapace length is to about 150 mm ( 6 inches ) . they feed on bivalves and organic debris and often bury in the mud . while buried , two circular foramins or holes ( partially visible above ) in the claws allow for water circulation to the gills .

another species similar to , but smaller than the dungeness , is the red rock crab ( aka red crab , rock crab ) . this species usually measures less than six inches across the back and is characterized by large claws . despite being less meaty than the dungeness , red rock crab meat is also very tasty . where present in considerable abundance , the red rock crab is a serious predator on both oysters and hard - shell clams . in some areas , controls have been necessary to prevent undue damage to clam and oyster crops . it can be distinguished from the dungeness by the presence of black on the tips of its claws and by its red coloration . the red rock crab also prefers rocky substrates , as the name implies .

it took about a half hour for ingrid to pick the two crabs - again , ingrid is an expert crab picker - and we came away with a pound and a half of meat , which put us at just under $ 30 per pound for actual meat . the cooked meat , without accoutrement , is sweet and satisfying - on par with alaskan king crab . adding old bay seasoning ( a maryland blue crab tradition ) , butter , and / or lemon , provided a little variety to the tasting . old bay and butter was my preferred preparation . picking the meat was fairly comparable to picking alaskan king crab legs , though with a few more sharp spines to watch out for . all in all , our first few experiences with box crabs have been amazing . i am at a loss as to why these crabs are not more widely available in grocery stores , which seem to only have king crab legs and snow crab legs shipped in from afar . abundant , relatively easy to catch ( so we are told ) , tasty , and easy to pick .

in addition to cannibalistic members of their own species , dungeness crab are preyed upon a variety of fishes including halibut , dogfish , hake , lingcod , great marbled sculpin , and wolf eel . the dungeness crab is also a favorite food of the octopus . human endeavors , such as gillnetting for salmon , otter trawling for bottomfish , and dredging to maintain ship channels , all take their toll on dungeness crab .

before a crab sheds its aging shell a flexible new shell forms under the old covering . the old shell splits across the rear along what is known as the splitting or suture line and this allows the new - shelled crab to back out of the old shell . even the coverings of the eye stalks and gills remain with the old shell . on emergence of the new - shelled crab , the tissues are saturated with water and expand the new shell to a larger size . at this stage , the soft - shelled crabs are readily susceptible to predators such as fish and other crabs , especially when confined in a pot . if you find these crab in your pot , please handle them with care . for a couple of days the survival of a new - shelled crab relies on its ability to remain well hidden or buried in the sand . within a few days , the soft - shell crab becomes an active , ravenous feeder . it takes about two months , however , for a soft - shelled crab to fill with meat and become a prime quality , hard - shelled crab .

shells shedded by crab may wash in on beaches in large numbers and become the basis for false reports of dead crabs . in still or quiet waters the back of the shell that lifted during molting to let the soft crab out will drop back into position causing the crab to appear whole and dead . in most cases , molted shells break into several pieces before washing ashore and only a few legs or the top of the shell may be found .

several species of crab are found in washington ' s marine waters and along its shores , though only a few are large enough to be of commercial and sport interest . crabs are crustaceans , having an exterior skeleton or shell . two crab species ( dungeness and red rock ) are harvested locally . crabs are most commonly harvested with crab pots but are also caught using ring nets , dip nets , and by wading in shallow water during spring and early summer .

mating occurs between hard - shelled male crabs and newly molted , soft - shelled female crabs . take care not to disturb these clasping crab when fishing intertidally . the female crab stores the sperm in a seminal receptacle . because the female loses the sperm receptacle during growth molts , she cannot molt at the same time the male molts .

the eggs are fertilized when they are laid or extruded to become attached to the abdomen of the female . the mass of eggs carried by the female is frequently called the sponge . when first laid , eggs are bright orange in color . females in this condition are commonly found buried in the sand or subtidal bottoms . large females may carry in excess of 2½ million eggs . as the embryos develop the eggs darken to a dirty brown and eventually hatch , producing larval crabs . in no way resembling an adult crab at first , the larvae swim freely in the sea and progress through a series of molts in which their appearance changes considerably . dense swarms of crab larvae are often seen in the water and are fed on extensively by other marine organisms , including salmon . after developing into the adult shape and at about a quarter of an inch in width , approximately 12 months after mating , juvenile crab take up residence on the ocean bottom . large numbers of young crabs are found in estuaries where they can tolerate dilutions of two parts fresh water to one part ocean water . the grays harbor and willapa bay estuaries are considered unique nursery areas for dungeness crab and certain fishes , such as english sole , with which they share the bottom environment .

. children find it especially fun to watch these crabs crawl and feed in tide pools . another popular denizen of rocky shores is the hermit crab , characterized by its tendency to use the empty shells of other intertidal creatures as its home .

the examination of stomach contents of dungeness crabs has shown that they feed on a variety of marine forms . stomachs of ocean crabs most commonly contain hardshell and / or razor clam , fish , and crabs . they may also contain material such as sea stars , worms , squid , snails , and eggs that were originally consumed by their fish or crab prey . stomach contents obtained in the wild confirm the cannibalistic nature of dungeness crabs and predation on newly molted crabs by fellow aquarium residents creates problems in laboratory studies . contrary to general belief , laboratory observations and stomach samples indicate that dungeness crab will not consume decayed or rotten food .

because crabs are enclosed in a rigid exterior skeleton they must shed their shell to grow . this molting takes place about seven times during the first year of life and at a decelerating rate there after . an average size of 1¾ inches across the back is reached one year after the crab takes up bottom life . during a molt , the male crab will gain about 65 % in weight . after the second year most crabs are sexually mature and a difference in the rate of growth appears between males and females . females grow slower and only a small percentage attain a size greater than 6¼ inches across the back , despite complete protection from fishing pressure .

tagging studies have shown that the loss of legs reduces the chances of survival , but crabs do have the power to regenerate missing appendages . complete regeneration requires two or three molts , which explains the occurrence of small , misshapen claws or legs . during the early part of life , lost claws or legs are quickly replaced because of frequent molting , but the same loss to an older crab could take years to replace .

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scientific name : greek lophos ( crest ) and lithodes ( stone ) ; and the latin foraminatus ( provided with a hole or perforation ) .

digital photo by jan haaga . references ( a complete list ) in the text include : jensen ( 1995 ) , williams et al . ( 1988 ) , barr ( 1983 ) , or hart ( 1982 ) .

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for more information on fishing , please contact the wdfw fish program . 360 - 902 - 2700 fish program district biologists

several species of tiny shore crabs can be found on washington beaches . contrary to what many believe , these are not the young of larger ocean crabs , but are simply small sized species . under most rocks on puget sound shores you can find tiny black or gray hairy shore crabs ranging in size from smaller than a fingertip to about the size of a half - dollar . these are of two species ,

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exaeretia nechlys is a moth in the depressariidae family .

it is found in north america , where it has been recorded from arizona to california and in nevada .

the larvae feed on sidalcea malviflora , malva , malacothamnus jonesii and sphaeralcea species .

exaeretia nechlys

exaeretia nechlys <EOT> exaeretia stainton , 1849 ; trans . r . ent . soc . lond . 5 : 152 ; ts : exaeretia allisella stainton

martyrhilda nechlys hodges , 1974 ; moths amer . n of mexico 6 . 2 : 46 , pl . 3 , f . 13 ; tl : planet mine , bil williams r . , yuma co . , arizona

exaeretia fuscicostella ; lvovsky , 2013 , ent . obozr . 92 ( 4 ) ent . review 94 ( 2 ) : 264

exaeretia amurella ; lvovsky , 2013 , ent . obozr . 92 ( 4 ) ent . review 94 ( 2 ) : 258

exaeretia boreella ; lvovsky , 2013 , ent . obozr . 92 ( 4 ) ent . review 94 ( 2 ) : 260

exaeretia daurella ; lvovsky , 2013 , ent . obozr . 92 ( 4 ) ent . review 94 ( 2 ) : 263

exaeretia fuscogriseella ; lvovsky , 2013 , ent . obozr . 92 ( 4 ) ent . review 94 ( 2 ) : 265

exaeretia montuesella ; lvovsky , 2013 , ent . obozr . 92 ( 4 ) ent . review 94 ( 2 ) : 268

exaeretia vladimiri ; lvovsky , 2013 , ent . obozr . 92 ( 4 ) ent . review 94 ( 2 ) : 270

exaeretia nebulosella ; [ nhm card ] ; lvovsky , 2013 , ent . obozr . 92 ( 4 ) ent . review 94 ( 2 ) : 268

exaeretia sutschanensis ; [ nhm card ] ; lvovsky , 2013 , ent . obozr . 92 ( 4 ) ent . review 94 ( 2 ) : 269

exaeretia kozhantshikovi lvovsky , 2013 ; ent . obozr . 92 ( 4 ) ent . review 94 ( 2 ) : 265 ; tl : krassnoyarsk , nr . minussinsk

exaeretia exornata wang & zheng , 1998 ; entom . sinica 5 ( 2 ) : 130 ; tl : heihe ( 50 . 2°n , 127 . 4°e ) , heilongjiang , 170m

exaeretia bignatha wang & zheng , 1998 ; entom . sinica 5 ( 2 ) : 129 ; tl : heihe ( 50 . 2°n , 127 . 4°e ) , heilongjiang , 400m

exaeretia magnignatha wang & zheng , 1998 ; entom . sinica 5 ( 2 ) : 128 ; tl : heihe ( 50 . 2°n , 127 . 4°e ) , heilongjiang , 400m

exaeretia indubitatella ; [ nhm card ] ; liu & wang , 2010 , zootaxa 2444 : ( 45 - 50 ) ; lvovsky , 2013 , ent . obozr . 92 ( 4 ) ent . review 94 ( 2 ) : 265

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nb : the taxon name search is for single names only . for example , to locate dysodia vitrina flammata warren , 1904 you should enter flammata only .

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neu , ceu , siberia , magadan , mongolia , n . china , c . china . see [ maps ]

neu , scotland , siberia , kola peninsula , kamchatka , sakhalin , . . . , california , oregon , washington , idaho , nevada , arizona , alaska , british columbia , northwest territories , alberta , manitoba , michigan , new brunswick , maine , s . quebec , ontario . see [ maps ]

= ; hodges , 1974 , moths amer . n of mexico 6 . 2 : 49 ; [ nacl ] , # 908 ; [ sangmi lee & richard brown ] ; [ nhm card ] ; lvovsky , 2013 , ent . obozr . 92 ( 4 ) ent . review 94 ( 2 ) : 261 ; [ fe ]

depressaria conciliatella rebel , 1892 ; ann . naturh . hofmus . wien 7 : 272 , pl . 17 , f . 14

s . germany , austria , hungary , orenburg , crimea . see [ maps ]

depressaria culcitella herrich - schäffer , 1854 ; syst . bearb . schmett . europ . 5 ( 64 ) : 127 , ( 53 ) f . 435

= ; [ nhm card ] ; lvovsky , 2013 , ent . obozr . 92 ( 4 ) ent . review 94 ( 2 ) : 266 ; [ fe ]

depressaria lepidella christoph , 1872 ; horae soc . ent . ross . 9 : 19 , pl . 1 , f . 16

depressaria lutosella herrich - schäffer , 1854 ; syst . bearb . schmett . europ . 5 ( 64 ) : 122 , ( 53 ) f . 438

s . kazakhstan , turkmenia , uzbekista , kirgizia , libya , arabia , iran , afghanistan , w . pakistan . see [ maps ]

uralsk , daghestan , crimea , azerbaijan , kazakhstan , nw . china . see [ maps ]

depressaria niviferella christoph , 1872 ; horae soc . ent . ross . 9 : 20 , pl . 1 , f . 17

orenburg , chelyabinsk , tula , s . siberia , estonia , latvia , s . sweden , poland , hungary , mongolia . see [ maps ]

depressaria praeustella rebel , 1917 ; verh . zool . - bot . ges . wien 67 ( s . b . ) : 19

california , washington , british columbia - s . quebec , idaho , montana , wyoming , new hampshire , connecticut , new york . see [ maps ]

= ; hodges , 1974 , moths amer . n of mexico 6 . 2 : 44 ; [ nhm card ] ; [ nacl ] , # 899 ; [ sangmi lee & richard brown ]

larva on antennaria luzuloides , gnaphalium hodges , 1974 , moths amer . n of mexico 6 . 2 : 44

from ( south dakota , s . british columbia ) - to ( texas , california ) . see [ maps ]

depresaria umbraticostella walsingham , 1881 ; proc . zool . soc . lond . 1881 : 318 , pl . 36 , f . 8 ; tl : mt . shasta , california ; n . oregon

larva on balsamohirza sagittata , helianthus pumilus hodges , 1974 , moths amer . n of mexico 6 . 2 : 45

martyrhilda sordidella clarke , 1941 ; proc . u . s . nat . mus . 90 ( 3107 ) : 132 , pl . 24 , f . 145 , pl . 41 , f . 238 ; tl : shingle creek , penticton , british columbia

larva on ambrosia psilostachya hodges , 1974 , moths amer . n of mexico 6 . 2 : 45

: california [ mt . shasta , siskiyou co . ] ; n . oregon

= ; hodges , 1974 , moths amer . n of mexico 6 . 2 : 45 ; [ nacl ] , # 903 ; [ sangmi lee & richard brown ]

= ; hodges , 1974 , moths amer . n of mexico 6 . 2 : 46 ; [ nacl ] , # 904 ; [ sangmi lee & richard brown ] ; [ nhm card ]

larva on sphaeralcea munroana , sidalcea , malacothamnus jonesii hodges , 1974 , moths amer . n of mexico 6 . 2 : 46

larva on sidalcea malvaeflora , malva , malacothamnus jonesii , sphaeralcea hodges , 1974 , moths amer . n of mexico 6 . 2 : 47

montana , wyoming , washington , british columbia , alberta . see [ maps ]

: blue l . , ( 7000 ' ) , w of lytton , b . c .

= ; hodges , 1974 , moths amer . n of mexico 6 . 2 : 48 ; [ nacl ] , # 906 ; [ sangmi lee & richard brown ] ; [ nhm card ]

martyrhilda hildaella clarke , 1941 ; proc . u . s . nat . mus . 90 ( 3107 ) : 140 , pl . 24 , f . 148 ; tl : cameron bay , great bear l . , northwest territories , canada

deperssaria scabella zeller , 1873 ; verh . zool . - bot . ges . wien 23 ( abh . ) : 236 ; tl : ohio

new brunswick - british columbia - arizona , new mexico . see [ maps ]

ammitis ( meyrick , 1931 ) ( depressaria ) ; an . mus . nac . hist . nat . buenos aires 36 : 393

s . siberia , buryatia , transbaikalia , n . mongolia . see [ maps ]

depressaria ascetica meyrick , 1926 ; exot . microlep . 3 ( 10 ) : 311 ; tl : colombia , c . cordilleras , 11550ft

depressaria hermophila meyrick , 1922 ; exotic microlep . 2 ( 17 ) : 513 ; tl : french guinea , konakri

indubitatella ( hannemann , 1971 ) ( martyrhilda ) ; acta zool . hung . 17 : 263

depressaria lusciosa meyrick , 1915 ; trans . ent . soc . lond . 1915 ( 2 ) : 211 ; tl : peru , jauja , 11900ft

depressaria mesosceptra meyrick , 1915 ; trans . ent . soc . lond . 1915 ( 2 ) : 210 ; tl : peru , oroya , 12200ft

montuesellus ( hannemann , 1976 ) ( depressariodes ) ; dt . ent . z . 23 ( 4 - 5 ) : 237

depressaria nebulosella caradja , 1920 ; dt . ent . z . iris 34 ( 1 / 2 ) : 130 ; tl : uralsk

depressaria relegata meyrick , 1920 ; nat . hist . juan fernandez 3 : 268 ; tl : masatierra , juan fernandez is .

remotella ( hannemann , 1971 ) ( martyrhilda ) ; acta zool . hung . 17 : 264

depressaria significa meyrick , 1915 ; trans . ent . soc . lond . 1915 ( 2 ) : 210 ; tl : ecuador , alausi , 9450ft

sutschanensis ( hannemann , 1953 ) ( matyrhilda ) ; mitt . zool . mus . berl . 29 : 300

[ afromoths ] de prins , j . & de prins , w . , 2013

sangmi lee , richard brown & sibyl bucheli . gelechioidea - a global framework ;

[ ² ] this may require parentheses or not . i don ' t have the necessary information for this taxon .

systematische bearbeitung der schmetterlinge von europa , zugleich als text , revision und supplement zu j . hübner ' s sammlung europäischer schmetterlinge , die schaben und federmotten , ( 1847 - ) 1853 - 1855 )

the moths of america north of mexico including greenland . fascicle 6 . 2 . gelechioidea , oecophoridae

zeller , 1873 beiträge zur kenntniss der nordamerikanischen nachtfälter , besonders der microlepidopteren ( 2 ) verh . zool . - bot . ges . wien 23 ( abh . ) : 201 - 334 , pl . 3 - 4

if you have corrections , comments or information to add into these pages , just send mail to markku savela keep in mind that the taxonomic information is copied from various sources , and may include many inaccuracies . expert help is welcome .

a taxon identifier is composed of name , author , year and attribute , all separated by a blank . these are all extracted from the original publication .

the name is reproduced exactly as proposed in the original publication . the name of a genus is made up of one word and species made up of two words ( genus and species ) separated by a blank .

the author ' s name is made up of a string of letters , with no blanks , and multiple authors ' names are separated by a comma . spelling of author ' s name is based on the original publication . if there are more than three authors , only the names of the first two authors are shown , followed by " , + " and the number of omitted authors .

attribute is enclosed in square brackets . this is rarely needed , but to differentiate homo - identifiers , this will contain the page , line or plate number of original publication .

all diacritic marks , hyphens , and apostrophes are eliminated , thus only the following characters are used : a to z , a to z , 0 to 9 , blank , comma , and opening and closing square brackets . although upper and lower cases are used for the convenience of human recognition , it is not case sensitive .

created by dicky sick ki yu 1997 - 2012 please send me information about errors and omissions ( contact information ) with supporting references , possibly with pdf or hard copy .

confused by a class within a class or an order within an order ? please see our brief essay .

to cite this page : myers , p . , r . espinosa , c . s . parr , t . jones , g . s . hammond , and t . a . dewey . 2018 . the animal diversity web ( online ) . accessed at https : / / animaldiversity . org .

disclaimer : the animal diversity web is an educational resource written largely by and for college students . adw doesn ' t cover all species in the world , nor does it include all the latest scientific information about organisms we describe . though we edit our accounts for accuracy , we cannot guarantee all information in those accounts . while adw staff and contributors provide references to books and websites that we believe are reputable , we cannot necessarily endorse the contents of references beyond our control .

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hoplojana indecisa is a moth in the family eupterotidae .

it was described by aurivillius in 1901 .

it is found in malawi and tanzania .

hoplojana indecisa

hoplojana indecisa <EOT> html public " - / / w3c / / dtd xhtml 1 . 0 transitional / / en " " urltoken "

[ equatorial guinea ] , spanish guinea , nkolentangan ; alén , benitogebiet , 16–31 . x . 1906 , leg . g . tessmann .

strand e . 1912n . über lepidoptera aus mkatta und morogoro in deutsch ost - afrika , nebst beiträgen zur kenntnis afrikanischer taragama - arten . - archiv für naturgeschichte 78 ( a ) ( 1 ) : 67–92 .

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image from page 280 of " bihang till kongl . svenska vetenskaps - akademiens handlingar " ( 1901 - 1902 )

click here to view book online to see this illustration in context in a browseable online version of this book .

please note that these images are extracted from scanned page images that may have been digitally enhanced for readability - coloration and appearance of these illustrations may not perfectly resemble the original work .

popular : trivia , history , america , television , tv , usa , world , geography , . . . more

the eupterotidae are a mostly old world family of moths , the majority of species of which are nocturnal though a small number are day - flying .

, cup vestigial or absent , two anal veins . larva with dense secondary setae , often branched , dorsal verrucae of abdominal segment 1 simialr to those of 2 - 8 , crochets biordinal , shorter series with subapical spur or dentate . pupa in flimsy cocoon of silk mixed with larval hairs .

[ no08a ] nässig , w . a . , & r . g . oberprieler . 2008a . an annotated catalogue of the genera of eupterotidae ( insecta , lepidoptera , bombycoidea ) .

[ no08b ] nässig , w . a . , & r . g . oberprieler . 2008b . errata et addenda .

[ ns07 ] nässig , w . a . , & w . speidel . 2007 . on the authorships of the lepidoptera atlas of the " reise der novara " , with a list of the taxa of bombycoidea [ s . l . ] therein described ( insecta , lepidoptera , bombycoidea ) .

, 2nd ed . , vol . 2 , pp . 817 - 915 . melbourne university press .

( t . p . lucas ) , with a revised classification of the family eupterotidae ( lepidoptera ) .

i ' m an entomologist and taxonomist , currently based in perth , western australia . if you ' d like to comment ( or offer work ) , i can be e - mailed at gerarus at westnet . com . au .

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la ĉi - suba teksto estas aŭtomata traduko de la artikolo list of moths of kenya article en la angla vikipedio , farita per la sistemo gramtrans on 2014 - 11 - 02 18 : 47 : 53 . eventualaj ŝanĝoj en la angla originalo estos kaptitaj per regulaj retradukoj . se vi volas enigi tiun artikolon en la originalan esperanto - vikipedion , vi povas uzi nian specialan redakt - interfacon . rigardu la artikolon pri wikitrans por trovi klarigojn pri kiel fari tion . ankaŭ ekzistas speciala vortaro - interfaco por proponi aŭ kontroli terminojn .

moths of kenya ( tineoj de kenjo ) reprezentu proksimume 2 , 100 konatajn tineospeciojn . la tineoj ( plejparte noktaj ) kaj papilioj ( plejparte tagnokt ) kune inventas la taksonomian ordon lepidoptera .

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polazzodus is an extinct pycnodontid from the late cretaceous ( early santonian ) of the polazzo locality of northeastern italy .

the paleoenvironment of polazzo was a large marine carbonate platform and shallow internal lagoons formed from rudist reefs .

p. coronatus is known from a large number of specimens , many of which were very well preserved .

the new genus polazzodus was erected based on a number of autapomorphies that distinguished it from similar pycnodontid fish .

these include a second dorsal ridge scale ( from which the latin species name , coronatus , is derived ) , presence of olfactory fenestra on premaxilla , posterodorsal process on cleithrum , and several others .

the largest measured recovered specimen was 97 mm ( 3.8 in ) , and the smallest was 30 mm ( 1.2 in ) , which represented a subadult specimen .

polazzodus , being a low-bodied pycnodont , is most similar morphologically to pycnodus and tergestrinia , though its body shape is more oval than these genera .

polazzodus

polazzodus <EOT> full reference : f . poyato - ariza . 2010 . polazzodus , gen . nov . , a new pycnodont fish from the late cretaceous of northeastern italy . journal of vertebrate paleontology 30 ( 3 ) : 650 - 664

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type specimen : mpcm 13464 , a skeleton . its type locality is polazzo site a , which is in a coniacian / santonian marine horizon in italy .

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helcystogramma phryganitis is a moth in the gelechiidae family .

it was described by meyrick in 1911 .

it is found in sri lanka .

the wingspan is 16 – 18 mm .

the forewings are ochreous-whitish irregularly mixed with fuscous , suffusedly streaked with brown between the veins , these streaks in the disc and towards the base are marked with lines of black scales and there is a blackish dot towards the costa before the middle .

the stigmata is black , with the discal connected by a black streak which is extended to the apex , thickest posteriorly , with the plical represented by an elongate mark .

there is also a patch of blackish irroration about the fold beyond the middle .

the hindwings are pale grey .

helcystogramma phryganitis

helcystogramma phryganitis <EOT> brachmia phryganitis meyrick , 1911 ; j . bombay nat . hist . soc . 20 ( 3 ) : 722 ; tl : ceylon , maskeliya and madulsima

helcystogramma phryganitis ; hodges , 1986 , moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 1 : 123 ( note ) ; [ nhm card ] ; ponomarenko , 1997 , far east . ent . 50 : 9

helcystogramma amethystias ; ponomarenko , 1997 , far east . ent . 50 : 3

helcystogramma augusta ; ponomarenko , 1997 , far east . ent . 50 : 4

helcystogramma compositaepictum ; ponomarenko , 1997 , far east . ent . 50 : 5

helcystogramma cyanozona ; ponomarenko , 1997 , far east . ent . 50 : 6

helcystogramma gradatum ; ponomarenko , 1997 , far east . ent . 50 : 6

helcystogramma helicopis ; ponomarenko , 1997 , far east . ent . 50 : 3

helcystogramma heterostigma ; ponomarenko , 1997 , far east . ent . 50 : 7

helcystogramma heterotoma ; ponomarenko , 1997 , far east . ent . 50 : 7

helcystogramma immeritellum ; ponomarenko , 1997 , far east . ent . 50 : 7

helcystogramma rhabducha ; ponomarenko , 1997 , far east . ent . 50 : 9

helcystogramma tristellum ; ponomarenko , 1997 , far east . ent . 50 : 9

helcystogramma adaequata meyrick , 1914 ; trans . ent . soc . lond . 1914 : 271 ; tl : british guiana

helcystogramma symbolica meyrick , 1914 ; trans . ent . soc . lond . 1914 : 270 ; tl : british guiana

helcystogramma chalyburga meyrick , 1922 ; trans . ent . soc . lond . 1922 : 103 ; tl : brazil , para

helcystogramma cyanozona meyrick , 1923 ; exot . microlep . 3 ( 1 - 2 ) : 26 ; tl : sidapur , coorg

helcystogramma sertigera meyrick , 1923 ; exot . microlep . 3 ( 1 - 2 ) : 27 ; tl : peru , jurimaguas

helcystogramma claripunctella ponomarenko , 1998 ; far east . ent . 67 : 4 ; tl : russia , primorskii krai , 16km sw partizansk

helcystogramma gypsaspis meyrick , 1921 ; zool . meded . leyden 6 : 163 ; tl : java , tegal simpar , 3000ft ; pekalongan

helcystogramma klimeschi ponomarenko & huemer , 2001 ; stud . trentini sci . nat . acta bol . 76 : ( 7 - 15 )

helcystogramma lithostrota meyrick , 1916 ; exot . microlep . 1 ( 19 ) : 578 ; tl : perak , gunong hijan , 5000ft

helcystogramma clarkei rose & pathania , 2003 ; panjab univ . res . j . ( sci . ) 53 : ( 81 - 90 )

helcystogramma thesmiopa ; hodges , 1986 , moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 1 : 123 ( note ) ; [ nhm card ]

helcystogramma uedai rose & pathania , 2003 ; panjab univ . res . j . ( sci . ) 53 : ( 81 - 90 )

helcystogramma virescens ; hodges , 1986 , moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 1 : 123 ( note ) ; [ nhm card ]

helcystogramma flavilineolella ; li & zhen , 2011 , j . nat . hist . 45 ( 17 - 18 ) : 1042 , 1037 ( list )

helcystogramma infibulata meyrick , 1916 ; exot . microlep . 1 ( 19 ) : 577 ; tl : ceylon , maskeliya ; s . india , coimbatore

helcystogramma rufescens ( haworth , 1828 ) = brachmia diaphanella zeller , 1846 = brachmia isabella zeller , 1850 = brachmia terrella fischer von röslerstamm , 1844 .

helcystogramma flavilineolella ponomarenko , 1998 ; far east . ent . 67 : 2 ; tl : russia , primorskii krai , pogranichii distr . , barabash - levada

helcystogramma hassenzanensis park & hodges , 1995 ; korean j . syst . zool . 11 ( 2 ) : 229 ; tl : taichung co . , taiwan

gelechia ( helcystogramma ) ribbeella zeller , 1877 ; horae soc . ent . ross . 13 : 369 , f . 126a - b ; tl : chiriqui

helcystogramma arulensis ; li & zhen , 2011 , j . nat . hist . 45 ( 17 - 18 ) : 1042 ( note ) ; [ fe ]

helcystogramma carycastis meyrick , 1922 ; trans . ent . soc . lond . 1922 : 104 ; tl : brazil , r . trombetas ; british guiana , bartica

helcystogramma klimeschi ; li & zhen , 2011 , j . nat . hist . 45 ( 17 - 18 ) : 1042 ( note ) ; [ fe ]

helcystogramma lineolella ; hodges , 1986 , moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 1 : 123 ( note ) ; [ nhm card ] ; [ fe ]

helcystogramma simplex ; hodges , 1986 , moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 1 : 123 ( note ) ; [ nhm card ] ; [ afromoths ]

= helcystogramma melanocarpum ; hodges , 1986 , moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 1 : 130 ; lee , hodges & brown , 2009 , zootaxa 2231 : 33

helcystogramma armatum ; hodges , 1986 , moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 1 : 122 ( note ) ; ponomarenko , 1997 , far east . ent . 50 : 4

helcystogramma balteatum ; hodges , 1986 , moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 1 : 122 ( note ) ; ponomarenko , 1997 , far east . ent . 50 : 4

helcystogramma crypsinomum ; hodges , 1986 , moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 1 : 122 ( note ) ; ponomarenko , 1997 , far east . ent . 50 : 5

helcystogramma engraptum ; hodges , 1986 , moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 1 : 122 ( note ) ; ponomarenko , 1997 , far east . ent . 50 : 6

helcystogramma fuscomarginatum ueda , 1995 ; jpn . j . ent . 63 ( 2 ) : 385 ; tl : japan , kyushu , kagoshima pref . , yakushima is . , onoaida

helcystogramma hoplophorum ; hodges , 1986 , moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 1 : 122 ( note ) ; ponomarenko , 1997 , far east . ent . 50 : 7

helcystogramma infibulatum ; hodges , 1986 , moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 1 : 122 ( note ) ; ponomarenko , 1997 , far east . ent . 50 : 7

helcystogramma leucoplectum ; hodges , 1986 , moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 1 : 123 ( note ) ; ponomarenko , 1997 , far east . ent . 50 : 8

helcystogramma lithostrotum ; hodges , 1986 , moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 1 : 123 ( note ) ; ponomarenko , 1997 , far east . ent . 50 : 8

helcystogramma obscuratum ; hodges , 1986 , moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 1 : 123 ( note ) ; ponomarenko , 1997 , far east . ent . 50 : 8

helcystogramma philomusum ; hodges , 1986 , moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 1 : 123 ( note ) ; ponomarenko , 1997 , far east . ent . 50 : 8

helcystogramma aruritis ; hodges , 1986 , moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 1 : 122 ( note ) ; [ nhm card ] ; ponomarenko , 1997 , far east . ent . 50 : 4

helcystogramma badium ; hodges , 1986 , moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 1 : 128 , pl . 3 , f . 30 ; lee , hodges & brown , 2009 , zootaxa 2231 : 32

helcystogramma brabylitis ; hodges , 1986 , moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 1 : 122 ( note ) ; [ nhm card ] ; ponomarenko , 1997 , far east . ent . 50 : 4

helcystogramma delocosma ; hodges , 1986 , moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 1 : 122 ( note ) ; [ nhm card ] ; ponomarenko , 1997 , far east . ent . 50 : 6

helcystogramma ectopon hodges , 1986 ; moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 1 : 131 , pl . 3 , f . 35 ; tl : fort niobrara national wildlife refuge , cherry co . , nebraska

helcystogramma hapalyntis ; hodges , 1986 , moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 1 : 122 ( note ) ; [ nhm card ] ; ponomarenko , 1997 , far east . ent . 50 : 6

helcystogramma idiastis ; hodges , 1986 , moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 1 : 122 ( note ) ; [ nhm card ] ; ponomarenko , 1997 , far east . ent . 50 : 7

helcystogramma lochistis ; hodges , 1986 , moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 1 : 123 ( note ) ; [ nhm card ] ; ponomarenko , 1997 , far east . ent . 50 : 8

helcystogramma xerastis ; hodges , 1986 , moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 1 : 123 ( note ) ; [ nhm card ] ; ponomarenko , 1997 , far east . ent . 50 : 10

helcystogramma bicuneum ; ponomarenko , 1997 , far east . ent . 50 : 4 ; li & zhen , 2011 , j . nat . hist . 45 ( 17 - 18 ) : 1055 , 1039 ( list )

helcystogramma cascum ; hodges , 1986 , moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 1 : 127 , pl . 3 , f . 28 - 29 ; lee , hodges & brown , 2009 , zootaxa 2231 : 32

helcystogramma epicentra ; ponomarenko , 1997 , far east . ent . 50 : 6 ; li & zhen , 2011 , j . nat . hist . 45 ( 17 - 18 ) : 1057 , 1039 ( list )

helcystogramma fuscomarginatum ; ponomarenko , 1997 , far east . ent . 50 : 6 ; li & zhen , 2011 , j . nat . hist . 45 ( 17 - 18 ) : 1065 , 1039 ( list )

helcystogramma hassenzanensis ; ponomarenko , 1997 , far east . ent . 50 : 6 ; li & zhen , 2011 , j . nat . hist . 45 ( 17 - 18 ) : 1071 , 1040 ( list )

helcystogramma perelegans ; ponomarenko , 1997 , far east . ent . 50 : 8 ; li & zhen , 2011 , j . nat . hist . 45 ( 17 - 18 ) : 1062 , 1039 ( list )

helcystogramma rufescens ; hodges , 1986 , moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 1 : 123 ( note ) ; [ nhm card ] ; ponomarenko , 1997 , far east . ent . 50 : 9 ; [ fe ]

helcystogramma flavifuscum li & zhen , 2011 ; j . nat . hist . 45 ( 17 - 18 ) : 1062 , 1039 ( list ) ; tl : guangxi , jinxiu ( 24°08 ' n , 110°11 ' e ) , 550m

helcystogramma hystricella ; hodges , 1986 , moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 1 : 129 , pl . 3 , f . 33 ; [ nhm card ] ; lee , hodges & brown , 2009 , zootaxa 2231 : 33

helcystogramma rectangulum li & zhen , 2011 ; j . nat . hist . 45 ( 17 - 18 ) : 1040 ( list ) ; tl : china , shaanxi , nighshan ( 33°19 ' n , 108°20 ' e ) , 880m

= helcystogramma trijunctum ; park & hodges , 1995 , korean j . syst . zool . 11 ( 2 ) : 227 ; li & zhen , 2011 , j . nat . hist . 45 ( 17 - 18 ) : 1072

helcystogramma albilepidotum li & zhen , 2011 ; j . nat . hist . 45 ( 17 - 18 ) : 1074 , 1040 ( list ) ; tl : china , sichuan , wolong ( 30°59 ' n , 103°08 ' e ) , 1900m

helcystogramma fernaldella ; hodges , 1986 , moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 1 : 126 , pl . 3 , f . 25 - 27 ; [ nhm card ] ; lee , hodges & brown , 2009 , zootaxa 2231 : 33

helcystogramma imagibicuneum li & zhen , 2011 ; j . nat . hist . 45 ( 17 - 18 ) : 1060 , 1039 ( list ) ; tl : shaanxi , chenhe , zhouzhi ( 34°10 ' n , 108°12 ' e ) , 700m

helcystogramma melantherella ; hodges , 1986 , moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 1 : 128 , pl . 3 , f . 31 - 32 ; [ nhm card ] ; lee , hodges & brown , 2009 , zootaxa 2231 : 33

helcystogramma furvimaculare li & zhen , 2011 ; j . nat . hist . 45 ( 17 - 18 ) : 1040 ( list ) ; tl : china , guizhou , huixiangping , mt fanjing ( 27°55 ' n , 108°41 ' e ) , 1700m

helcystogramma imagitrijunctum li & zhen , 2011 ; j . nat . hist . 45 ( 17 - 18 ) : 1080 , 1040 ( list ) ; tl : china , jiangxi , mt wuyi ( 26°54 ' n , 116°42 ' e ) , 800m

helcystogramma angustum li & zhen , 2011 ; j . nat . hist . 45 ( 17 - 18 ) : 1075 , 1040 ( list ) ; tl : china , hubei , shayuyan , hefeng ( 29°53 ' n , 110°02 ' e ) , 1260m

helcystogramma flavistictum li & zhen , 2011 ; j . nat . hist . 45 ( 17 - 18 ) : 1077 , 1040 ( list ) ; tl : china , shaanxi , xinjianshan , fengxian ( 33°55 ' n , 106°31 ' e ) , 1600m

helcystogramma brevinodium li & zhen , 2011 ; j . nat . hist . 45 ( 17 - 18 ) : 1077 , 1039 ( list ) ; tl : china , hebei , mt xiantai , jingxing ( 38°01 ' n , 114°01 ' e ) , 1200m

helcystogramma chambersella ; hodges , 1986 , moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 1 : 131 , pl . 4 , f . 14 - 15 ; [ nhm card ] ; [ sangmi lee & richard brown ] ; lee , hodges & brown , 2009 , zootaxa 2231 : 32

helcystogramma trijunctum ; park & hodges , 1995 , korean j . syst . zool . 11 ( 2 ) : 227 ; ponomarenko , 1997 , far east . ent . 50 : 9 ; li & zhen , 2011 , j . nat . hist . 45 ( 17 - 18 ) : 1072 , 1040 ( list )

helcystogramma ineruditum ; hodges , 1986 , moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 1 : 122 ( note ) ; ponomarenko , 1997 , far east . ent . 50 : 7 ; ponomarenko , 1998 , far east . ent . 67 : 10 ; park & ponomarenko , 2006 , shilap revta . lepid . 34 ( 135 ) : 281

helcystogramma lutatella ; hodges , 1986 , moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 1 : 123 ( note ) ; [ nhm card ] ; ponomarenko , 1997 , far east . ent . 50 : 8 ; li & zhen , 2011 , j . nat . hist . 45 ( 17 - 18 ) : 1066 , 1039 ( list ) ; [ fe ]

helcystogramma hibisci ; [ nhm card ] ; park & hodges , 1995 , korean j . syst . zool . 11 ( 2 ) : 225 ; ponomarenko , 1997 , far east . ent . 50 : 7 ; li & zhen , 2011 , j . nat . hist . 45 ( 17 - 18 ) : 1059 , 1039 ( list ) ; [ afromoths ]

helcystogramma triannulella ; [ nhm card ] ; park & hodges , 1995 , korean j . syst . zool . 11 ( 2 ) : 230 ; ponomarenko , 1997 , far east . ent . 50 : 9 ; li & zhen , 2011 , j . nat . hist . 45 ( 17 - 18 ) : 1067 , 1039 ( list ) ; [ fe ]

helcystogramma convolvuli ; hodges , 1986 , moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 1 : 133 , pl . 4 , f . 16 - 17 ; [ nhm card ] ; ponomarenko , 1997 , far east . ent . 50 : 5 ; [ sangmi lee & richard brown ] ; lee , hodges & brown , 2009 , zootaxa 2231 : 32 ; [ fe ]

helcystogramma arotraeum ; hodges , 1986 , moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 1 : 122 ( note ) ; ueda , 1995 , jpn . j . ent . 63 ( 2 ) : 383 ; park & hodges , 1995 , korean j . syst . zool . 11 ( 2 ) : 226 ; ponomarenko , 1997 , far east . ent . 50 : 4 ; li & zhen , 2011 , j . nat . hist . 45 ( 17 - 18 ) : 1064 , 1039 ( list )

helcystogramma ( dichomeridinae ) ; hodges , 1986 , moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 1 : 122 ; ueda , 1995 , jpn . j . ent . 63 ( 2 ) : 377 ; [ nhm card ] ; park & ponomarenko , 2006 , shilap revta . lepid . 34 ( 135 ) : 281 ; [ sangmi lee ] ; lee , hodges & brown , 2009 , zootaxa 2231 : 32 ; li & zhen , 2011 , j . nat . hist . 45 ( 17 - 18 ) : 1036 ; [ afromoths ] ; [ fe ] ; karsholt , mutanen , lee & kaila , 2013 , syst . ent . 38 : 343

= onebala ; sattler , 1973 , bull . br . mus . nat . hist . ( ent . ) 28 ( 4 ) : 208 ; [ aucl ] ; [ sangmi lee & richard brown ]

= ; hodges , 1986 , moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 1 : 122 ; park & hodges , 1995 , korean j . syst . zool . 11 ( 2 ) : 224 ; ueda , 1995 , jpn . j . ent . 63 ( 2 ) : 377 ; [ nhm card ] ; [ sangmi lee & richard brown ] ; [ afromoths ] ; ponomarenko , 1997 , far east . ent . 50 : 3 ; lee , hodges & brown , 2009 , zootaxa 2231 : 32 ; li & zhen , 2011 , j . nat . hist . 45 ( 17 - 18 ) : 1036

= ; hodges , 1986 , moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 1 : 123 ; ueda , 1995 , jpn . j . ent . 63 ( 2 ) : 377 ; [ nhm card ] ; park & hodges , 1995 , korean j . syst . zool . 11 ( 2 ) : 224 ; ponomarenko , 1997 , far east . ent . 50 : 3 ; lee , hodges & brown , 2009 , zootaxa 2231 : 32 ; li & zhen , 2011 , j . nat . hist . 45 ( 17 - 18 ) : 1036 ; [ afromoths ]

= ; ponomarenko , 1997 , far east . ent . 50 : 3 ; lee , hodges & brown , 2009 , zootaxa 2231 : 32 ; li & zhen , 2011 , j . nat . hist . 45 ( 17 - 18 ) : 1036

= ; hodges , 1986 , moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 1 : 123 ; ueda , 1995 , jpn . j . ent . 63 ( 2 ) : 377 ; [ nhm card ] ; park & hodges , 1995 , korean j . syst . zool . 11 ( 2 ) : 224 ; ponomarenko , 1997 , far east . ent . 50 : 3 ; lee , hodges & brown , 2009 , zootaxa 2231 : 32 ; li & zhen , 2011 , j . nat . hist . 45 ( 17 - 18 ) : 1037 ; [ afromoths ]

= ; park & hodges , 1995 , korean j . syst . zool . 11 ( 2 ) : 224 ; ponomarenko , 1997 , far east . ent . 50 : 3 ; lee , hodges & brown , 2009 , zootaxa 2231 : 32 ; li & zhen , 2011 , j . nat . hist . 45 ( 17 - 18 ) : 1037

= ; ponomarenko , 1997 , far east . ent . 50 : 3 ; lee , hodges & brown , 2009 , zootaxa 2231 : 32 ; li & zhen , 2011 , j . nat . hist . 45 ( 17 - 18 ) : 1037

dichomeris abortiva walsingham , 1911 ; biol . centr . - amer . lep . heterocera 4 : 98 ; tl : guatemala , las mercedes , 3000ft

nothris albinervis gerasimov , 1929 ; ezheg . zool . mus . 30 : 37

zalithia amethystias meyrick , 1906 ; j . bombay nat . hist . soc . 17 ( 1 ) : 140 ; tl : peradeniya , ceylon

tricyanaula anthistis meyrick , 1929 ; exot . microlep . 3 ( 16 ) : 508 ; tl : puttalam , ceylon

helcystograme anthistis ; ponomarenko , 1997 , far east . ent . 50 : 4

onebala archigrapha meyrick , 1929 ; trans . ent . soc . lond . 76 : 508 ; tl : colombia

strobisia armata meyrick , 1911 ; j . bombay nat . hist . soc . 20 ( 3 ) : 728 ; tl : khasis

japan , taiwan , burma , thailand , ne . india , ceylon , malaysia , java , china ( hainan , jiangxi , yunnan ) . see [ maps ]

cladodes arotraea meyrick , 1894 ; trans . ent . soc . 1894 ( 1 ) : 15 ; tl : koni , burma

larva on zizania latifolia , oriza sativa ponomarenko , 1997 , far east . ent . 50 : 4

brachmia arulensis rebel , 1929 ; verh . zool . - bot . ges . wien 79 : 52

brachmia aruritis meyrick , 1911 ; j . bombay nat . hist . soc . 20 ( 3 ) : 723 ; tl : maskeliya , matale , puttalam and trincomali , ceylon

strobisia augusta meyrick , 1911 ; j . bombay nat . hist . soc . 20 ( 3 ) : 727 ; tl : khasi hills , assam

brachmia badia braun , 1921 ; ent . news 32 ( 1 ) : 12 ; tl : freadlba , california

strobisia balteata meyrick , 1911 ; j . bombay nat . hist . soc . 20 ( 3 ) : 732 ; tl : khasis

assam , china ( anhui , guizhou , hainan , hong kong , hubei , hunan , xizang , yunnan ) . see [ maps ]

strobisia bicunea meyrick , 1911 ; j . bombay nat . hist . soc . 20 ( 3 ) : 731 ; tl : khasi hills , assam

strobisia brabylitis meyrick , 1911 ; j . bombay nat . hist . soc . 20 ( 3 ) : 729 ; tl : n . coorg , india

s . saskatchewan , british columbia - utah , colorado , oregon . see [ maps ]

brachmia casca braun , 1925 ; trans . am . ent . soc . 51 ( 3 ) : 196 ; tl : logan canyon near cottonwood canyon , utah

brachmia cerinura meyrick , 1923 ; exot . microlep . 3 ( 1 - 2 ) : 47 ; tl : brazil , obidos

chalybea ( felder & rogenhofer , 1875 ) ( simaethis ) ; reise fregatte novara , bd 2 ( abth . 2 ) ( 5 ) : pl . 140 , f . 4

pennsylvania , florida , oklahoma , missouri , texas , arizona , california . see [ maps ]

= ; [ nacl ] , # 2265 ; hodges , 1986 , moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 1 : 132 ; [ nhm card ] ; [ sangmi lee & richard brown ] ; lee , hodges & brown , 2009 , zootaxa 2231 : 32

larva on ambrosia artemisiifolia , ambrosia confertifolia , a . ptilostachya hodges , 1986 , moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 1 : 133

schemataspis compositaepicta omelko & omelko , 1993 ; biol . issl . kul ' t . ekosyst . prim . kr : 216 ; tl : verkhnii pereval , primorskii krai , russia

brachmia conturbata meyrick , 1933 ; exotic microlep . 4 ( 12 ) : 359 ; tl : sierra leone

= ; hodges , 1986 , moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 1 : 133 ; [ nhm card ] ; ponomarenko , 1997 , far east . ent . 50 : 5 ; [ sangmi lee & richard brown ] ; lee , hodges & brown , 2009 , zootaxa 2231 : 32 ; [ afromoths ]

= ; hodges , 1986 , moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 1 : 133 ; [ nhm card ] ; ponomarenko , 1997 , far east . ent . 50 : 5 ; [ sangmi lee & richard brown ] ; lee , hodges & brown , 2009 , zootaxa 2231 : 33

larva on ipomoea , i . batatas hodges , 1986 , moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 1 : 133 , solanum tuberosum ponomarenko , 1997 , far east . ent . 50 : 5

dichomeris cornuta busck , 1914 ; proc . u . s . nat . mus . 47 ( 2043 ) : 20 ; tl : corozal and trinidad river , panama

brachmia craticula meyrick , 1921 ; ann . transv . mus . 8 ( 2 ) : 90 ; tl : portuguese east africa , magude ; iynack is .

brachmia cricopa meyrick , 1911 ; trans . linn . soc . lond . ( 2 ) 14 : 274 ; tl : seychelles

brachmia crypsinoma meyrick , 1929 ; exot . microlep . 3 ( 17 ) : 527 ; tl : siam , bangkok

dichomeris daedalea walsingham , 1911 ; biol . centr . - amer . lep . heterocera 4 : 100 , pl . 3 , f . 17 ; tl : mexico , tabasco , teapa

onebala delocosma meyrick , 1936 ; exotic microlep . 5 ( 2 ) : 46 ; tl : telawa , java

zalithia deltophora janse , 1954 ; moths s . afr . 5 ( 4 ) : 397 ; tl : s . africa

brachmia engrapta meyrick , 1918 ; exotic microlep . 2 ( 4 ) : 114 ; tl : lahore , punjab , india

larva on ipomoea batatas ponomarenko , 1997 , far east . ent . 50 : 6

ceylon , china ( fujian , hong kong , huan , zhejiang ) . see [ maps ]

strobisia epicentra meyrick , 1911 ; j . bombay nat . hist . soc . 20 ( 3 ) : 730 ; tl : maskeliya , ceylon

sw . newfoundland , s . canada , south dakota , alaska , yukon . see [ maps ]

trichotaphe fernaldella busck , 1903 ; proc . u . s . nat . mus . 25 ( 1304 ) : 915 ; tl : orono , maine

brachmia fiscinata meyrick , 1918 ; ann . transv . mus . 6 ( 2 ) : 26 ; tl : zululand , nkwaleni

se . siberia , china ( henan , liaoning , shaanxi , sichuan , zhejiang ) . see [ maps ]

larva on oplismenus undulatifolius ponomarenko , 1997 , far east . ent . 50 : 6

brachmia gradata meyrick , 1910 ; rec . ind . mus . 5 : 221 ; tl : shillong , khasi hills

brachmia graphicodes meyrick , 1914 ; ann . transv . mus . 4 ( 4 ) : 194 ; tl : new hanover

brachmia hapalyntis meyrick , 1911 ; j . bombay nat . hist . soc . 20 ( 3 ) : 724 ; tl : dibidi , n . coorg

strobisia helicopis meyrick , 1922 ; trans . ent . soc . lond . 1922 : 101 ; tl : brazil , para , obidos ; peru , jurimaguas

brachmia hemiopa meyrick , 1921 ; ann . transv . mus . 8 ( 2 ) : 90 ; tl : rhodesia , umtali , sawmills

hypatima heterostigma diakonoff , [ 1968 ] ; bull . u . s . nat . mus . 257 : 154 ; tl : luzon , benguet , baguio , 5000ft

brachmia heterotoma diakonoff , [ 1968 ] ; bull . u . s . nat . mus . 257 : 158 ; tl : luzon , los baños

china ( anhui , guizhou , hong kong , hubei , xizang , zhejiang ) , taiwan , thailand , vietnam , india , ceylon , sumatra , java , australia ( queensland ) . see [ maps ]

= ; sattler , 1973 , bull . br . mus . nat . hist . ( ent . ) 28 ( 4 ) : 208 ; [ nhm card ] ; [ aucl ] ; park & hodges , 1995 , korean j . syst . zool . 11 ( 2 ) : 225 ; ponomarenko , 1997 , far east . ent . 50 : 7

= ; [ aucl ] ; [ nhm card ] ; park & hodges , 1995 , korean j . syst . zool . 11 ( 2 ) : 225 ; ponomarenko , 1997 , far east . ent . 50 : 7

larva on hibiscus spp . , abelmoschus spp . ponomarenko , 1997 , far east . ent . 50 : 7

helcystrogramma hoplophora meyrick , 1916 ; exot . microlep . 1 ( 19 ) : 577 ; tl : upper burma , myitkyina

brachmia hystricella braun , 1921 ; ent . news 32 ( 1 ) : 11 ; tl : cincinnati , ohio

larva on hystrix patula braun , 1921 , ent . news 32 ( 1 ) : 12

brachmia idiastis meyrick , 1916 ; exot . microlep . 1 ( 19 ) : 577 ; tl : pusa , bengal

larva on panicum sp . ponomarenko , 1997 , far east . ent . 50 : 7

china ( guizhou , jiangxi , zhejiang ) , taiwan . see [ maps ]

gelechia immeritella walker , 1864 ; list spec . lepid . insects colln br . mus . 29 : 634 ; tl : ceylon

brachmia inerudita meyrick , 1926 ; exot . microlep . 3 ( 10 ) : 290 ; tl : e . siberia , khaborowsk

strobisia leucoplecta meyrick , 1911 ; j . bombay nat . hist . soc . 20 ( 3 ) : 729 ; tl : madulsima , ceylon

brachmia lochistis meyrick , 1911 ; j . bombay nat . hist . soc . 20 ( 3 ) : 723 ; tl : maskeliya and puttlam , ceylon ; n . coorg , 3500ft

ceu , seu , uralsk , transbaikalia , china ( fujian , gansu , guizhou , hebei , heilongjiang , henan , hubei , jiangxi , shaanxi , sichuan , xizang , xinjiang ) . see [ maps ]

anacampsis lutatella herrich - schäffer , 1854 ; syst . bearb . schmett . europ . 5 ( 65 ) : 201 ; tl : europe

larva on calamagrostis epigeios , agropyrum repens ponomarenko , 1997 , far east . ent . 50 : 8

dichomeris lyrella walsingham , 1911 ; biol . centr . - amer . lep . heterocera 4 : 101 , pl . 3 , f . 19 ; tl : guatemala , alta ver par , panima , 1800ft

brachmia malacogramma meyrick , 1909 ; ann . transv . mus . 2 ( 1 ) : 14 , pl . 5 , f . 2 ; tl : pretoria

trichotaphe meconitis meyrick , 1913 ; trans . ent . soc . lond . 1913 ( 1 ) : 176 ; tl : argentina

nova scotia , new brunswick - south carolina - texas . see [ maps ]

trichotaphe melantherella busck , 1900 ; proc . u . s . nat . mus . 23 ( 1208 ) : 232 , pl . 1 , f . 7 ; tl : palm beach , florida

larva on calyptocarpus vialis , cynara scolymnus , melanthera nivea , xanthium strumarium hodges , 1986 , moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 1 : 129

dichomeris melissia walsingham , 1911 ; biol . centr . - amer . lep . heterocera 4 : 97 ; tl : panama , tabernilla

brachmia microsema meyrick , 1911 ; trans . linn . soc . lond . ( 2 ) 14 : 274 ; tl : seychelles

brachmia musicopa meyrick , 1908 ; proc . zool . soc . lond . 1908 : 727 ; tl : transvaal

brachmia nesidias meyrick , 1911 ; trans . linn . soc . lond . ( 2 ) 14 : 273 ; tl : seychelles

brachmia neurograpta meyrick , 1921 ; ann . transv . mus . 8 ( 2 ) : 91 ; tl : rhodesia , umtali

gelechia obseratella zeller , 1877 ; horae soc . ent . ross . 13 : 371 , pl . 5 , f . 127

brachmia octophora meyrick , 1918 ; ann . transv . mus . 6 ( 2 ) : 25 ; tl : natal , stella bush

brachmia pantheropa meyrick , 1913 ; ann . transv . mus . 3 ( 4 ) : 296 ; tl : barberton

dichomeris perceptella busck , 1914 ; proc . u . s . nat . mus . 47 ( 2043 ) : 19 ; tl : la chorrera and cabima , panama

se . siberia , korea , japan , china ( hunan , tianjin ) . see [ maps ]

tricyanaula perelegans omelko & omelko , 1993 ; biol . issl . kul ' t . ekosyst . prim . kr : 218 ; tl : andreevka , primrskii krai , russia

brachmia philomusa meyrick , 1918 ; exotic microlep . 2 ( 4 ) : 114 ; tl : puttalam , ceylon

china ( guizhou , hunan , shaanxi , sichuan ) . see [ maps ]

strobisia rhabducha meyrick , 1911 ; j . bombay nat . hist . soc . 20 ( 3 ) : 730 ; tl : maskeliya , cyelon

gelechia rusticella walker , 1864 ; list spec . lepid . insects colln br . mus . 29 : 621 ; tl : ega

strobisia scintillula walsingham , 1911 ; biol . centr . - amer . lep . heterocera 4 : 81 , pl . 3 , f . 1 ; tl : mexico , tabasco , teapa

gelechia selectella walker , 1864 ; list spec . lepid . insects colln br . mus . 29 : 614 ; tl : ega

onebala simplex walsingham , 1900 ; bull . liverpool mus . 3 ( 1 ) : 2 ; tl : sokotra , adho dimellus , 3500ft

brachmia spilopis meyrick , 1927 ; exot . microlep . 3 ( 12 ) : 356 ; tl : rhodesia , mazoe

dichomeris stellatella busck , 1914 ; proc . u . s . nat . mus . 47 ( 2043 ) : 20 ; tl : taboga island , panama

gelechia subvectella walker , 1864 ; list spec . lepid . insects colln br . mus . 29 : 610 ; tl : ega

dichomeris thesmiopa meyrick , 1922 ; trans . ent . soc . lond . 1922 : 114 ; tl : brazil , obidos

onebala thiostoma meyrick , 1929 ; exot . microlep . 3 ( 16 ) : 509 ; tl : kanara , haliyal

ceu , seu , sw . siberia , caucasus , transcaucasia , kazakhstan , se . siberia , kore , japan , china , n . india . see [ maps ]

= ; [ nhm card ] ; park & hodges , 1995 , korean j . syst . zool . 11 ( 2 ) : 230

= ; park , 1991 , ann . hist . - nat . mus . hung . 83 : 121 ; park & hodges , 1995 , korean j . syst . zool . 11 ( 2 ) : 230 ; ponomarenko , 1997 , far east . ent . 50 : 9 ; li & zhen , 2011 , j . nat . hist . 45 ( 17 - 18 ) : 1067

larva on ipomoea batatas , convolutus aroensi , calystegia sepium , calystegia japonica ponomarenko , 1997 , far east . ent . 50 : 9

brachmia trichocyma meyrick , 1923 ; exot . microlep . 3 ( 1 - 2 ) : 47 ; tl : brazil , r . trombetas , teffé ; british guiana , bartica

china ( anhui , gansu , guangxi , guizhou , hubei , huna , shaanxi , sichuan , yunnan ) , taiwan . see [ maps ]

ceratophora tristella snellen , 1901 ; tijdschr . ent . 44 : 85 , pl . 6 , f . 2 ; tl : java , batavia

brachmia verberata meyrick , 1911 ; ann . transv . mus . 3 ( 1 ) : 68 ; tl : haenertsburg ; woodbush village

strobisia victrix meyrick , 1911 ; j . bombay nat . hist . soc . 20 ( 3 ) : 727 ; tl : n . coorg , 3400ft

brachmia virescens walsingham , 1911 ; biol . centr . - amer . lep . heterocera 4 : 84 ; tl : mexico , guerrero , amula , 6000ft

torodora xerastis meyrick , 1905 ; j . bombay nat . hist . soc . 16 ( 4 ) : 599 ; tl : punjab , india

[ afromoths ] de prins , j . & de prins , w . , 2013

[ spl ] varis , v . ( ed ) , ahola , m . , albrecht , a . , jalava , j . , kaila , l . , kerppola , s . , kullberg , j . , 1995

sangmi lee , richard brown & sibyl bucheli . gelechioidea - a global framework ;

[ maps ] warning ! the maps are automatically generated from the textual information , and the process does not always produce acceptable result ; see about maps for more info .

reise der österreichischen fregatte novara um die erde in den jahren 1857 , 1858 , 1859 unter den behilfen des commodore b . von wüllerstorf - urbair . zoologischer theil . band 2 . abtheilung 2 . lepidoptera . rhopalocera

lepidoptera britannica , sistens digestimen novam lepidopterorum quae in magna britannica reperiunter . . . adjunguntur dissertationes variae ad historiam naturalam spectantes

die schmetterlinge deutschlands und der schweiz . 2 . abteilung , kleinschmetterlinge . 2 . die motten und federmotten

systematische bearbeitung der schmetterlinge von europa , zugleich als text , revision und supplement zu j . hübner ' s sammlung europäischer schmetterlinge , die schaben und federmotten , ( 1847 - ) 1853 - 1855 )

the moths of america north of mexico including greenland . fascicle 7 . 1 . gelechioidea , gelechiidae ( part ) , dichomeridinae

in gardiner , no . xii . tortricina and tineina . results of the percy sladen trust expedition to the indian ocean in 1905

zeller , 1877 exotische microlepidopteren horae soc . ent . ross . 13 : 3 - 493 , pl . 1 - 6

if you have corrections , comments or information to add into these pages , just send mail to markku savela keep in mind that the taxonomic information is copied from various sources , and may include many inaccuracies . expert help is welcome .

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to cite this page : myers , p . , r . espinosa , c . s . parr , t . jones , g . s . hammond , and t . a . dewey . 2018 . the animal diversity web ( online ) . accessed at https : / / animaldiversity . org .

disclaimer : the animal diversity web is an educational resource written largely by and for college students . adw doesn ' t cover all species in the world , nor does it include all the latest scientific information about organisms we describe . though we edit our accounts for accuracy , we cannot guarantee all information in those accounts . while adw staff and contributors provide references to books and websites that we believe are reputable , we cannot necessarily endorse the contents of references beyond our control .

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austria , belgium , great britain , hungary , germany , denmark , greece , ireland , italy , latvia , lithuania , luxembourg , netherlands , norway , poland , romania , the soviet union - the european part , finland , france , czech republic , switzerland , sweden , estonia .

regions of the russian federation : the volga - don , the european north - west , the european central black earth , the european central european south taiga , karelia , krasnoyarsk , mid - volzhsky , south ural .

austria , belarus , belgium , the british isles , france , germany , greece ( mainland ) , denmark ( mainland ) , ireland , spain ( mainland ) , italy ( mainland ) , latvia , liechtenstein , lithuania , luxembourg , netherlands , norway ( mainland ) , the channel islands , poland , romania , russia , slovakia , ukraine , finland , france ( mainland ) , czech republic , switzerland , sweden , estonia , yugoslavia .

[ 10 ] de jong , y . s . d . m . ( ed . ) ( 2011 ) fauna europaea version 2 . 4 ( faunaeur . org )

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