mister majestic ( 2 february 1984 – after 1999 ) was an irish-bred british-trained thoroughbred racehorse and sire .

he was a specialist sprinter who showed his best form as a two-year-old in 1986 .

after winning four minor races in the early part of the year he returned in the autumn to record a 33/1 upset win in the group one middle park stakes .

in the following year he won two races , including the leisure stakes , from seven starts before being retired from racing .

he stood as a breeding stallion in ireland and italy but had little success as a sire of winners .

mister majestic ( horse )

mister majestic ( horse ) <EOT> street spice , valiant city , lahshad , mister marti gras , fordubai ) .

ajdal broke from the gates fastest of all and was immediately joined by gayanne in the centre , rich charlie and mister majestic on the far rails . mister majestic went on and gave ajdal a nice lead for a couple of furlongs but by the 3 furlong marker the furious early pace was beginning to take its toll and gayanne went on from ajdal .

congratulations to mack weaver and maggie gun ( owned by madison bohman ) . maggie gun ( by gunner x lookout majestic by majestic dell ) was the youth reserve world champion .

fiona course and " mister majestic " took out supreme senior led . later in the day fiona saddled up to claim the reserve champion ridden hack and take out the champion senior rider

eagle , majestic affair , cat burglar , departing , top billing , natchez , noble bird ) .

majestic prince was the third horse to win the kentucky derby while unbeaten , following regret ( 1915 ) and morvich ( 1922 ) . he was the first horse to win both the derby and the preakness while unbeaten .

in this respect , the report of the council inspector is inaccurate . i traded from 1974 to 1989 as abbeville stud and many successful racehorses were bred on the property , including mister majestic , a newmarket group 1 winner .

mr majestic , derek morton and geoff glazzards popular dutch - bred stallion , was put down last week following an accident .

described him as “a grand mover” with “a charming disposition” ; writer jim bolus described him as “playful” with a majestic presence .

his early purchases included the group one two - year - old winners creag an sgor and mister majestic , both of whom won the middle park stakes at newmarket . this success continued with the creation in 1992 of highclere thoroughbred racing limited of which john is a director .

majestic prince was the fifth winning derby mount for jockey william hartack , tying eddie arcaro ' s record for derby wins during a riding career .

johnson began his career as an owner on the flat , winning the middle park stakes at newmarket in 1986 with mister majestic . but his passion was for jump racing , and his first horse to be trained by martin pipe at pond house , nicholashayne in somerset , was beebob in 1991 . at his peak , johnson owned or had an interest in 100 horses .

earlier , albert the great’s moonshine mullin , offlee wild’s bayern , and the late rockport harbor’s majestic harbor all received automatic bids to the breeders’ cup classic .

read the full story below , courtesy of the american quarter horse journal . urltoken

majestic prince was bred by leslie combs ii & frank mcmahon ( ky ) . he was owned by frank mcmahon , who effectively bought out combs ' share when purchasing the colt for a then - record us $ 250 , 000 at the 1967 keeneland july yearling sale . majestic prince was trained by johnny longden . following his retirement , majestic prince was syndicated for us $ 60 , 000 per share and entered stud in kentucky at spendthrift farm , where he died of a heart attack in 1981 .

according to jockey club records , majestic prince sired 187 winners ( 51 . 7 % ) and 32 stakes winners ( 8 . 8 % ) from 362 named foals ;

congratulations also to jerry for his stallions’ success at the futurity . both dun gotta gun and mister nicadual ( both standing at mcquay stables ) had finalists in the futurity ! great job to trey pool who tied for fourth with jerry’s stallion , check this dually ( mister nicadual x footworks yellow jac ) in the level 1 open ! trey also placed seventh in the level 1 with nicastar lite ( mister nicadual x dun it on a star ) , taking home over $ 28 , 000 collectively ! way to go !

we’d also like to congratulate trey pool and my daddy is dually ( mister nicadual x dun it on a star ) , owned by jerry kimmel , placing 12th in the l1 , 16th in the l2 , and 26th in the l3 open futurity and adding over $ 7 , 000 to their lte , as well as mister nicadual’s sire record .

french bow , by loup sauvage . unraced . half - sister to mister bow , ripplette ( dam of magic music ) . dam of 4 named foals , none raced .

mister booze ( 11g , buck ' s pride , maizcay ) . 8 wins - 2 at 2 - to 1350m to 2016 - 17 , brc rawgroup hospitality 2yo h .

* statistics courtesy of robin glenn database , national reining horse association , and show websites .

two weeks after that , majestic harbor , a son of late sire rockport harbor , took the grade 1 gold cup at santa anita ( formerly the hollywood gold cup ) . rockport harbor was , like offlee wild , a darley - owned horse standing at pin oak lane .

mister nicadual sired 1st and 3rd place in the youth non pro futurity , and dun gotta gun sired 2nd place . congratulations to these great stallions , and to owner , jerry kimmel !

and third dam of grade ii winner real cozzy . majestic prince is also a half brother to multiple stakes winner lovely gypsy ( by armageddon ) ; to stakes - placed betty loraine ( by

" i have this strange thing that i remember every horse i have bought fairly intimately . motivator was sold from the wall boxes at tattersalls . if you are looking at a horse you have to be on the same level as the horse and , to give the horse the best chance , people need to see it walk on the level . the wall boxes are all on a slope .

carlee mccutcheon enjoyed showing her horse , dun it got lucky , in the youth horsemanship clinic & class .

a chestnut , majestic prince stood 16 . 1 hands . he was considered an extremely handsome and well - made horse , beautifully balanced with a look of great quality , but a bit heavy - bodied for his underpinning and with suspicious - looking ankles . he possessed excellent tactical speed and was thoroughly game . charles hatton of the

join horse deals and derek ' o leary for all the action from the ev amateur hack championships at werribee .

an exceptionally handsome colt , majestic prince was one of the few auction sales toppers to live up to both his looks and his price . lightly raced at 2 , the unbeaten colt won hard - fought victories over eventual horse of the year arts and letters in the kentucky derby and preakness stakes . he went into the belmont stakes with a chance to sweep the triple crown but against the advice of trainer john longden , who felt that the prince was tired and had lost too much weight after the previous two races . longden ' s fears proved well founded as majestic prince

" i ' d be a fool to continue buying expensive yearlings . i must spend r100 000 or more to buy a quality horse - and the breeder who sold it to me can import an even better one for less money and come and beat me . it just does not make sense . i might as well buy the imported horse myself . for a good imported horse is superior to a good local horse . nobody can argue with that . "

of course , that in itself isn’t enough . the horse also has to have demonstrated the ability to get a runner .

talented filly may just be putting it all together right on time for her connections . her elimination win was dynamic . her maternal line includes the talented majestic son , so it comes as no surprise that she has that kind of ability . a major win contender .

the royal ascot racing club came into being towards the end of 1997 and was the brainchild of harry herbert who manages its horse .

majestic prince ' s victory in the 1969 kentucky derby made john longden the only person to both ride and train a kentucky derby winner . he had previously won the derby as the jockey of 1943 triple crown winner count fleet . longden ' s unique accomplishment was ranked # 51 in horse racing ' s top 100 moments , a review of racing in the 20th century compiled by the blood - horse and released in 2006 . the prince also made longden the first and only person to both ride and train winners of the preakness stakes .

" you won ' t find a middle distance class horse that is built the same as a fast run and jump sprinting type . the muscle formation on a later maturing horse is completely different - it is a bit like looking at linford christie and a kenyan marathon runner .

congratulations to mandy mccutcheon and dun git a nicadual , owned by mcquay stables , and by the great mister nicadual : champions in the john deere non pro futurity ! mandy also placed third with coronas in hollywood , also owned by tim and colleen mcquay . way to go , mandy !

majestic prince is outcrossed through five generations . he is a full brother to 1971 english champion 2 - year - old male crowned prince ; to stakes - placed our queen , second dam of grade iii winner casino magistrate ; to caronatta , dam of restricted stakes winner rally run ( by

anyone following british horse racing during the 1980s cannot fail to fondly recall a host of exciting 3 year old winners of the july cup at newmarket .

the ability of a horse is present from birth , as a result of genetic fusion . horses either have it , or they don ' t . there may be lots of reasons that prevent a horse from showing its natural ability , but given a sound horse and a capable trainer there is every reason to believe that the innate ability will come out on the track . assessing that ability and expressing it in a figure is done through handicapping .

surprisingly , few people in racing appear to put emphasis on determining the most suitable distance for a horse . we have yet to see a breeders yearling advertisement where the distance for which the horse is bred is mentioned . trainers generally try a horse over a variety of distances , to find out what suits bets - with at least a third of all races in south africa run at a false pace that can be a trying task at times .

served notice as a very fast horse at dover last year . he is yet to beat a field like this and has always excelled in delaware , but he is a horse with a lot of ability that can force the issue here . curious to see him on the mile track , too .

both tim and colleen were quick to thank former owners , robert thompson and lisa coulter . tim said , “we appreciate the opportunity to own this horse . ”

congratulations to jeanna schaffhauser and her horse , dunitwithasmokingun ( gunner x dun it doll ) , who tied for 14th in the l3 non pro futurity and placed 8th in the l2 , adding over $ 300 to her lifetime earnings and giving “domingo” his first show earnings ! congratulations also to our other non pro futurity money winners , cade mccutcheon and dually with a star ( mister nicadual x dun it on a star ) , owned by tom mccutcheon , placing 9th in the l2 and 7th in l1 . cade was also champion in the youth 13 & under with his horse , dun it got lucky ( hollywood dun it x my lucky moonstone ) .

mcquay stables , located in tioga , texas , is a leader in the reining horse industry . home to the late hollywood dun it , it now features a roster of top stallions that includes nrha hall of fame inductee gunner , dun gotta gun , mister nicadual , smart and shiney , and hollywoodstinseltown . tim mcquay is also an nrha hall of famer and nrha $ 2 million rider , and colleen mcquay has served the industry as an nrha board member and executive committee for many years .

the prowess of his sire was a given , and his dam is an own daughter of mr melody jac , the horse tim rode to win the 1988 national reining horse association futurity . “mr melody jac was very good to me and i love the hollywood jac 86 bloodlines so this pedigree also works for what i like .

lyle lovett also visited , and had a great time showing his horses in the non pro futurity , limited non pro , and novice horse non pro 1 and 2 . congratulations to lyle and his horse , master pepto , for placing fifth in both the novice horse level 1 and 2 ! lyle and his mares , fifth avenue dun it and mistress with a gun , also had a great time showing in this class , as did his gelding , sns uvalde king , who he showed in the non pro futurity . sam shaffhauser also placed six with master pepto in the novice horse open level 1 ! way to go , lyle and sam !

“not only is tim mcquay one of the horse world’s best athletes , but he exemplifies a superb level of horsemanship both in and out of the ring , ” said becky minard , founder and president of smartpak equine . “tim has revolutionized the world of reining by introducing an unprecedented level of training and care for the horse , and we are thrilled to be part of his horse care program . busy professionals like tim can really benefit from the convenience and time savings that smartpaks provide . ”

when offlee wild came to pin oak lane , solomon said he had an inkling something big could happen . “he’s a physical horse that’s pretty impressive , ” he said .

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" i was excited by montjeu ' s offspring because i was associated with the horse and still am now . i was involved with john hammond through montjeu ' s career .

his runners have amassed more than $ 1 million and include 2015 stakes performers my dream boat , winner of the prix perth - g3 in france ; great dancer ( ire ) , third in the hill prince stakes - g3 at belmont park ; and mister brightside ( ire ) , second in santa anita’s twilight derby - g2 in his only u . s . start .

* * please note : all photo ' s , results and video ' s on this website are copyright to horse deals magazine . any reproduction without written permission is prohibited . * *

" it has all worked itself out for the royal ascot racing club . i buy for different people and you never know where the next very good horse is going to come from .

mister bow ( kenvain ) . 3 wins - 2 at 2 - to 1500m , a $ 88 , 288 , ajc fc griffiths 2yo h . , stc gjc moore h . , 2d mvrc grosby kids s . , l , 3d stc peter pan s . , gr . 2 , vatc new gleam h . , ajc cellnet mobil 2yo h . , vatc veneda h .

yet the horse hardest to beat in any race is a front runner . the explanation for this is in itself quite simple . take a sprinter , capable of running 1000m in 57 seconds . given the opportunity to pace himself correctly , a horse like this will reproduce the 57 seconds with regularity . given a strong build and a short back , weight will have virtually no influence on his performance - whether with 52 or 58 kilos , the time will be the same . if such a horse gets to the front at the beginning of a race , any other horse that races off the pace will have to cover the distance in a faster time to beat the front runner . but if 57 seconds is about as fast as any horse can run ( depending on the track where it races ) , it becomes a mechanical impossibility to come from behind : horses simply cannot run faster than their bodies allow them to , however well they may be off at the weights .

“as you go back a bit , this isn’t the first good horse [ offlee wild ] has had , ” he pointed out . among the others are eclipse champion juvenile filly she be wild .

" motivator was the perfect example of that sort of horse who might not have been the most obvious to pick out at the sales but john ' s eye could see where the animal was headed .

don’t forget jockey martin garcia , who picked up the mount from the injured gary stevens . “i knew i was on a really good horse , ” he said after the race . but this good ?

moonshine mullin earned a 101 beyer and a trip to the breeders’ cup classic for the effort . he is the first horse to gain automatic entry as part of the “win and you’re in” challenge series .

smartpak equine was founded by riders and horse owners who ride and show dressage , hunter / jumper , polo , eventing , reining , western pleasure and have logged many miles trail riding . in addition to the smartpak supplement system , the company offers a broad line of horse health and rider items , dog supplies , and equine and canine pharmacy items sold through the company’s catalog , web site and retail store .

warren ' s buying record is a good one . his group one winners have included creag - an - sgor ( middle park - 20 , 000 guineas ) , mister majestic ( middle park - 26 , 000 irish guineas ) , park express ( champion stakes - 42 , 000 guineas ) , lake coniston ( july cup - 22 , 000 guineas ) , cloudings ( prix lupin - 100 , 000 guineas ) , tamarisk ( stanley leisure sprint cup - 78 , 000 guineas ) , housemaster ( hong kong champions & chater cup - 70 , 000 guineas ) , petrushka ( 110 , 000 irish guineas ) , arctic owl ( irish st leger - 10 , 000 guineas ) , leadership ( premio di milano 350 , 000 irish guineas ) , tiber ( hong kong classic - 150 , 000 irish guineas ) and now motivator .

" so motivator would have been in most people ' s eyes a horse who was going to take time and , if he didn ' t gain his strength and didn ' t develop the right way , be a slowish middle distance horse . i took the view that he used himself beautifully - a fantastic athlete - you could not hear him when he walked as his feet never seemed to touch the ground .

the horse he beat three starts back went in the hambletonian earlier . his last two starts have not been as sharp and he is yet to excel against stakes company . siding with others in this spot .

) , dam of stakes winner minstrel grey ( by tudor grey ) and second dam of grade iii winner with a twist ; and to my guest ( by mister gus ) , dam of grade iii winner native guest ( by raise a native ) and stakes winners raise your sights ( by raise a native ) and memorable mitch ( by mehmet ) . in addition , gay hostess is a half sister to dancing hostess ( by

" i took him up to near the main ring where there is a nice flat piece of land . i walked him up and down there two or three times and he was a horse who excited me .

congratulations to mandy mccutcheon and dun git a nicadual , owned by mcquay stables , champions in the non pro futurity at the 2011 scottsdale classic ! we are so proud of dun git a nicadual for his success in scottsdale , especially after his success in tulsa ( john deere non pro futurity champion ) . he is by mister nicadual , owned by jerry kimmel , and out of gotta git ya dun . way to go , mandy ! !

" i am lucky to be given orders to buy horses like motivator . what is exciting is to be able to buy a horse that has provided 230 people with plenty of pleasure - it is so rewarding . "

tim and the reiners enjoyed their time in tulsa at the ariat tulsa reining classic , held at expo square august 24 - september 2 . we were joined by friends and family , and had a successful horse show !

these sort of performances are a handicappers nightmare . the winning horse will be penalised and repeat the performance next time out , with little difference in the relative outcome . or the pace may be too fast or too slow the time after and the frontrunning horse gets beaten out of sight . from the point of gauging ability , horses that win races from the front in good time are extremely hard to evaluate , except perhaps for distance suitability .

other high - earning gunner offspring from 2012 include # 1 money - earning horse nrha open futurity champion , americasnextgunmodel ( out of cee dun it do it and raised by silva reining horses ) earning $ 192 , 320 , and # 5 money - earning horse , tinker with guns ( out of tinker nic ) earning $ 110 , 427 . gunner sired a total of 204 foals in 2012 with average offspring earnings of $ 7 , 383 .

“he’s a speightstown group 1 winner , ” said solomon . “and he was a very fast horse . plus he has an outstanding pedigree for both the grass and the dirt . i think he’ll be a great fit . ”

one f the more intriguing aspects of bloodstock selection is the prediction of a horse ' s best distance . there can be little doubt that there are many distinct distance categories ( we count at least 8 between distances from 1000 to 2000m ) - logically , the more often a horse races over his best distance , the better his chances of showing his best form . that apart from the vital task of adjusting the training programme to his best distance .

brancaster was the club ' s first successful horse and he won the group three horris hill stakes at newbury and the following year ran in two classics , finishing fourth in the 2000 guineas before coming 10th in the vodafone derby .

chased a very sharp horse last time who raced in the open to start the card . he has speed and it would be fitting for the leading trainer / driver combination to win the season finale . he is an obvious threat .

colleen mcquay added , gunner was a sweet happy horse , and when i look at all he has given us i can only be grateful for the time we shared with him . losing him leaves another hole in our hearts . "

but how good is fools holme ? nothing in any of his previous 8 races ( 7 of which he had won ) made him anywhere near as good as he showed here . the horse had a big reputation , not least because of what both millard and coetzee had publicly said about him when due to a hock injury the horse had to be withdrawn from the j & b met in january . significantly , though , when millard was asked in a televised interview round about the time of the rothmans july , when he regarded as the best horse he ever trained , the champion trainer mentioned three he did not wish to separate - and fools holme , we noted , was not one of them .

in the ancilllary arena , lyle lovett showed sns uvalde king and two gun shiner to ribbons in the novice horse non pro classes , and carlee mccutcheon was crowned winner of the short stirrup 10 & under class both days aboard get juiced .

so , losing any horse would be hard . but saying goodbye to a great one pushed the difficulty to another level when colonels smoking gun , known worldwide simply as " gunner , " lost his battle with laminitis on july 8 . the national reining horse association ( nrha ) hall of fame inductee and $ 5 million sire was humanely put down after spending the last week at equine medical associates in pilot point , texas , under the constant care of dr . john mccarroll .

gunner was a horse for the ages . when he made his center - stage debut at the nrha futurity in 1996 , the reining world fell in love with the diminutive sorrel with the floppy ears and white tail . after tying for the nrha futurity open reserve title as a 3 - year - old , he went on win the us equestrian team reining championship in 2001 . he was immortalized as a breyer horse and finished his career with earnings over $ 177 , 000 .

another winner was rose colored gunner , a 6 - year - old mare by gunner and out of alicia rose by topsail whiz . owner isabell silvertolpe rode her to the apha freestyle reining sweepstakes at the american paint horse association world championship show .

wfa can best be defined as the physical progress a horse makes as it matures . just in the same way as zola budd , under conditions of continuous training , improves her strength of bone and muscle as she matures . the difference is of course that the thoroughbred is uniquely precocious in terms of maturity rate : by the age of 18 - 24 months the horse will have 95 % of its mature height and weight , and by the age of four full maturity will have been reached .

tim showed the flashy dun stallion in the 1986 national reining horse association futurity and won the 1987 nrha derby open championship . when he discovered “dun it’s , ” owners cliff and gwen steif , were selling the horse , tim wanted to buy him , but the price of $ 100 , 000 was a little steep . however , his wife , colleen , convinced him they couldn’t let this opportunity slip away , and with a little creative financing , the mcquays became dun it’s owners in 1987 .

in a letter to an bord pleanala appealing the refusal , ms haughey , who runs a thriving horse stud business in the curragh where she now lives , says she wants to move back to her home area to be near her parents and siblings .

his connections appear convinced , however , that sea captain will be best up the straight . his track record to date does not bear that out - a horse that fails to run on in sprints either is outclassed or in need of more ground .

congratulations to our other non pro classic finalists , lyle lovett and mistress with a gun ( gunner x shiners mistress ) , tied for twelfth and owned by lyle , and to lexie stovel and last pop star ( smart starbuck x mm jiffy pop ) , owned by lexie ! we’re glad our non pros had a great time horse showing ! thank you so much to jerry kimmel for sponsoring the dun gotta gun & mister nicadual usef reception friday evening ! we had a great time ! saturday marked the start of the open classic finals . congratulations to our finalists , tim and show your guns ( gunner x good time showgirl ) , owned by ken stovel , and sam schaffhauser and master pepto ( peptoboonsmal x shiney missy ) , owned by lyle lovett ! tim and sam are very thankful to ken and lyle for letting them show these very nice horses ! also on saturday was the usef youth qualifier , where lexie stovel was champion with her horse solano glo rey ct ( “jesse” ) . congratulations , lexie !

" he was , for me , nearly the best horse i have ever known . although i had seen mill reef and other great horses perform , being close to montjeu , i could not believe what the horse was doing . he was winning derbys with his head in his chest and king georges in hack canters - it was unbelievable and we always felt that if we threw caution to the wind that we could have brought him back in distance and won a group one over a mile very easily .

congratulations to cade mccutcheon and dually with a star ( mister nicadual x dun it on a star ) , owned by tom & mandy mccutcheon , youth non pro futurity champions ! cade also tied for 12th on dually with a star in the l4 non pro futurity . the duo placed 6th in the l3 and took the reserve championship in the l2 and l1 non pro futurity , taking home over $ 36 , 000 . cade also took 5th place in the l1 non pro futurity on dun it dually ( mister nicadual x indy star dun it ) , owned by mcquay stables , as well as placed 3rd in the youth non pro futurity on dun it dually , and tied for 8th with vaquero in a benz , owned by tom & mandy . breaking nrha records as the youngest rider to make the l4 np finals ( at age 12 , cade broke his mother’s record , who was 13 at her first finals ) , cade finished his friday finals day with earning a little over $ 40 , 000 and a pretty big smile on his face !

his recent form has certainly been solid . he has won two of his last four starts and beat a nice horse last time in murmur hanover . another that is versatile , but appears to really relish the front - end . should be in the mix .

olympic fei discipline . finding inspiration in his wife , mandy mccutcheon , tom has made history yet again for himself and gunners special nite , owned by sarah willeman . this wonderful horse is by gunner , and was actually raised and started here at mcquay stables .

coming off a win in this year’s all american quarter horse congress futurity gunnatrashya ( gunner x natrashya ) and shawn flarida marked a 228 . 5 to take the level 4 open futurity championship and the $ 125 , 000 purse for owner arcese quarter horses usa .

in general , an evaluation of the time of a race doesn ' t necessarily tell you how good a horse is ; what it does show is how bad he isn ' t . but a " good " time certainly indicates a good horse - and that ' s important especially with youngsters . going only by form , you would only get quick insight if your runner beats what you perceive to be a strong field . otherwise it ' ll have to run at least a few races to give an idea , and even then you may not spot the exceptional animal . with time on your side , and the luck of a true run race , you could hit the jackpot very early on in the horse ' s career , even if all he beats is a field of newcomers .

a candidate for horse of the year again based on what she has done . we all know she loves this track , winning the hambletonian oaks , moni maker and breeders crown here . deserving short - priced favorite will be a popular single in the pick 4 .

he really couldn’t have finished any better last time and that race produced a next out winner in calvin b . the top three finishers in that race would be odds - on favorites and this horse came home in 26 - flat . i like him in this spot .

understanding that to keep top level reining horses healthy and performing their best requires a sound nutritional program , smartpak is committed to offering supplements that provide targeted solutions to help offer additional support or to manage a particular problem . and their very own smartsupplement line of products includes over 40 cutting edge supplement formulas at a savings of up to 40 % ingredient for ingredient when compared to similar products . the mcquay philosophy puts the horse first – and is a total program to attain a long - term career for a reining horse , making it a great fit with smartpak . with a worldwide clientele , mcquay travels stateside and abroad where he presents reining clinics and consults with horse owners and professionals . his training program for professionals and non pros is one for the ages – and one that many other pros admittedly have copied .

mandy also had a very successful futurity , placing top five on all three of her horses ! mandy and justa smart star were reserve champions in the non pro level 4 futurity , mandy and starbucks deja vu tied for third , as well as mandy and dun git a nicadual , owned by mcquay stables , tying for fifth . she walked out with over $ 60 , 000 ! dun git a nicadual is by mister nicadual , owned by jerry kimmel , and out of gotta git ya dun , owned by monica hicks . great job , mandy ! !

he was a $ 61 , 000 purchase at the sale here last week . he has always been a horse with a lot of speed and talent . the downside has been inconsistency . he qualified well , but will certainly have to improve on his last pair of starts .

actual time recorded by a horse conveys in itself practically nothing . the early pace , the track , the weather - they are elementary components in the evaluation of a race . to assess the real value of time requires quantifying the seemingly imponderable factors , and compensating for their effects .

he was an odds - on favorite last week and worked out a perfect second over trip . but , not only could he not get by the winner , he failed to reach the horse who provided his cover . likely favorite again could prove an underlay . needs his absolute best .

at mcquay stables in tioga , texas , the focus has long been on exceptional performance – both human and equine . but people close to owners tim and colleen mcquay know that underlying all the awards and accolades the couple ' s real focus has always been the love of the horse .

you might even throw in those who wagered on the dark bay or brown colt , who took home a tidy $ 11 . 40 for each $ 2 win wager — not bad money on a horse whose trainer has now won half of the last 14 runnings of monmouth’s biggest race .

my dream boat , four - year - old son of lord shanakill , won the 1 . 25 mile g3 bet365 gordon richards stakes by 1 . 25 lengths today at sandown defeating the favorite , last year’s winner western hymn ridden by frankie dettori . carrying a 3 lb . penalty to the field for winning a race at this level at saint - cloud in november , my dream boat squeezed through a gap in the final furlong . a g3 winner in france his last time out , my dream boat has won four of his last five starts . he is trained by clive cox : “it’s a thrill to have a horse on such an upward curve and he’s a great horse to be involved with . ” his impressed jockey , adam kirby said , “he’s a very nice horse , but if he keeps improving the way he is , the sky could be the limit . ”

he has chased j l cruze in his last four starts and he got a little bit closer each time . he is also coming out of back to back world record performances . the post won’t help his cause , but this horse has been very sharp against the best trotter in the country .

there are many examples of this theory . sea shore , quite clearly not in the same class as sunera , came within a hair ' s breath of beating sunera over the sharp kenilworth 1000 . heavenly boy , the barbican and military song , all somewhat behind the best have won many races that way . over slightly more ground , rise and rule is an extremely hard horse to beat over a sharp 1400m . but it takes a horse of above average ability , good going and a sharp track ( such as greyville or the kenilworth old course with its short run - in ) to achieve it .

he has come a long way in a very short period of time . just two months ago he was racing for $ 3 , 000 at plainridge and here he is , a contender in a $ 40 , 000 open on hambletonian day . a very sharp horse gets a huge test for class today .

lexie stovel enjoyed her visit to oklahoma city as well , showing her two horses , two cee command and solano glo rey ct , in the limited non pro , novice horse non pro , and youth classes . we had a great time cheering lexie on , alongside the stovels ! good job , lexie !

in march of 2012 , hollywood dun it will be inducted into the american quarter horse association hall of fame , along with bob loomis , gordon hannagan , walter fletcher , indigo illusion , and streakin la jolla . we are so proud and excited for this amazing honor , and also congratulate his fellow inductees .

smartpak equine was founded in 1999 with the purpose of simplifying the administration of nutritional supplements and medications to horses . the patented smartpak™ supplement feeding system has been adopted by thousands of barns and horse owners across the country , who value knowing that their supplements will be fed correctly . the smartpak system has been embraced by riders from all disciplines and all levels , including seven olympic medalists . in addition to the smartpak supplement system , the company offers a broad line of horse health and rider items , dog supplies , and equine and canine pharmacy items sold through the company’s catalog and web site . smartpak was recently named to

" he had slightly gone in his coat . but he walked very well and had a terrific head - there was something very taking about him . john saw him and the first thing he said to me was goodness , this horse is going to change out of all recognition in the next few months ' .

first , my parents , who have given me every opportunity to ride the best horses they could get their hands on . there are two things i can always hear when i’m in the arena ; the faint whistle of my mom and the reassuring voice of my dad as i lope past . there have been a few horses that they provided that taught me just how humbling showing can be , but i learned to accept defeat and to remember there will always be another horse show . my parents have amazing horse sense and have instilled in me the appreciation of a great horse . throughout my life they have been there to support me at every turn i chose to take , without judgement - maybe not without an opinion about how it should be done - but with total support in helping me achieve my goals . mom and dad , i only hope i can be as good a parent to my kids as you have been to me .

" i am always prepared to spend more if i think the horse has the ability to be a middle distance classic prospect - like petrushka and highest - and if i ever feel they will stay a mile and a quarter or a mile and half and be proper horses i will throw the dice and spend more .

" i liked motivator very much . it is a bit like looking at a girl - you either like them or you don ' t . being a nice horse , i had to take him away from the wall boxes which is always a bit of a performance - most people look at horses where they are .

mcquay’s introduction to team smartpak comes on the heels of smartpak’s new “what the pro’s use” campaign , giving horse owners a glimpse into what’s involved in taking care of some of the nation’s top equine athletes . via their website , facebook and print advertisements smartpak shares interviews from top riders across multiple disciplines discussing how they use supplements to keep their horses performing their best , what some of their favorite equine products are , and why they choose smartpak for their horse’s health care needs . whether it be the peace of mind they get from knowing their supplements will be fed correctly , the ease of traveling , retaining the potency of their supplements or the top notch customer service , every rider has their own reasons for using the leading daily dose supplement provider . horse owners also have the opportunity to learn more about the everyday lives of these top riders including what riding superstitions they have , what they like to do in their free time , and even what they like to eat .

as tim is so impressed with yellow jersey as a reiner , the obvious question is whether or not his career in the arena is over . tim said , “we hope to make breeding the priority , but i do think there’s a lot of show horse left if we did decide to show him in international competition . ”

well , we can argue , and we will . this quote from a disgruntled major cape owner appeared in the cape times on november 12th 1985 , shortly after sunera had registered her third win in the cape . we have enough experience and evidence to show that an imported horse with a reasonable timeform rating will , if sound and fit , produce that same timeform rating will , if sound and fit , produce that same timeform rating in this country , just as any horse with at least some ability will run up to form wherever it races . spanish pool , foveros , breezing in and others did exactly that . but to win major races in south africa it is necessary to import a horse with a timeform rating of certainly over 110 . such horses do not exactly grow on trees , and if they can be bought at all , it will be at a price . and with the rand sunk to desperate depths , it takes a brave soul indeed to take that plunge .

“it’s gratification for me to be taking a son of dun it to the world equestrian games , ” tim said . “it makes you feel so proud of dun it and i’m so proud of the horse i’ll be showing too . he’s another superstar , i think , but we’ll just have to see what his babies ride like . ”

moulton then , by 2400m hors epardao out of miler close up , could either have been a miler or a 2400m horse . since he won from 1800 to 2200m in the best company , he must have stayed 2400m , even though never tried . on this side of hot touch pedigree our either / or theory fits a neat pattern .

roland gardens has made his mark at stud in south africa . wild west , runner - up in the july at 3 , won the met as a 4yo . enchanted garden , voted " horse of the year " last season has been extensively discussed in the august 1986 columns of this magazine . honey bear is his third major winner .

the reiners recently returned from katy , tx and had a great time at the national reining breeders classic , held at the great southwest equestrian center . good times were had with friends and family during our stay at the horse show ! special thanks to sean brown , pauline “cookie” cook , and the great southwest equestrian center for once again making the nrbc such a special event ! also thank you to mike christian and his team , including colleen’s nephew chad vanderlinde ( who comes to help us each year after completing several months of the wellington horse shows ) , and cheryl cody with the promanagement team ; along with our great team of officials , this group produces a show like no other !

to be in the company of people who have made such a huge impact on the reining horse industry is truly an honor . i hope i can continue to help our sport grow . it means so much to me to join my father and all the great horsemen in the nrha hall of fame . i will remember this night forever . ”

" then it comes down to continually going through the horses time and time again to eliminate conformation that i don ' t particularly like until i have got a fine - tuned list of horses i am interested in - the pedigree would then dictate the price but the physical specimen should be the same for a 50 , 000 guineas and a 150 , 000 guineas horse .

gun dealer , a 2002 stallion by gunner and out of peppy oak , is featured in this month’s nrha reiner magazine as the 2010 nrha limited open world champion . gun dealer is owned by tim and lisa stanton from pickering , ontario , canada , and ridden by lisa stanton at the all - american quarter horse congress . click the link below to read the article !

impeccable pedigree as he is a full - brother to shake it cerry , last year’s trotter of the year . he was 2nd in the peter haughton last year and if you toss out his most recent effort , his form looks awfully imposing . unsure why he threw in a clunker at vernon , but not every horse races well up there and he is a bounce - back candidate .

" now we would obviously struggle to buy a montjeu because they would not be in our price range any more . john knew everything there was to know about montjeu - he looks after madame boulay ' s interests and , therefore , along with coolmore , he managed the horse . he was keen that we looked closely at the montjeus and we were very fortunate to come up with motivator .

sold as the top priced horse in june ' 85 ( r58 000 ) , sea captain made his debut in june 1986 , when just 3 years old , over the rather stiff clairwood 100m . despite losing 2 lengths at the start , he raced handy and drew clear at the 200m to win as he liked . he started 2 / 1 second favourite and earned a rating of 76 .

the most exciting time in racing in south africa is from december to march . that ' s when the new crop of juveniles is best assessed - all youngsters run on ability only , the distance is of virtually no importance ( they all race from 800 - 1000m , 1200m at most ) , nor is fitness a prime consideration as long as the horse has shown it is ready to run .

though on a tight schedule performing , lyle lovett joined us on the weekend and won the limited non pro which had over 80 entries , on his horse , sns uvalde king . congratulations lyle and to one of our ariat team members , collene burnell , who tied for second in the same class on her mare , white n shiney pearl ! both of these horses are by smart and shiney .


choristoneura improvisana is a species of moth of the tortricidae family .

it is found in primorsky krai in the russian far east .

the habitat consists of bald mountain peaks and green moss-spruce forests .

the wingspan is 14 – 15 mm .

the ground colour of the forewings is grey , with indistinct yellowish granulation and a dark brown pattern .

all spots and stripes are bordered with yellow scales .

the hindwings are uniform grey .

choristoneura improvisana

choristoneura improvisana <EOT> improvisana kuznetzov , 1973 ( argyrotaenia ) , trud vses . entomol . obshch . 56 : 153 . tl : russia , primorsky krai , south sikhote - alin ' . holotype : zmas . male .

freemani razowski , 2008 ( choristoneura ) , polskie pismo entomol . 77 : 246 .

africana razowski , 2002 ( choristoneura ) , acta zool . cracov . 45 : 347 no type

spruce budworms and rewatives are a group of cwosewy rewated insects in de genus choristoneura . most are serious pests of conifers , such as spruce . there are nearwy forty choristoneura species , and even more subspecies , or forms , wif a compwexity of variation among popuwations found droughout much of de united states and canada , and about again dis number in eurasia . in eastern norf america , choristoneura fumiferana is prevawent , whiwe in western norf america choristoneura freemani has devastated warge areas .

126 . chakrasana 127 . chaturanga dandasana 128 . chinnada simhasana 129 . choristoneura improvisana 130 . city of matlosana 131 . clavesana 132 . clepsis celsana 133 . cnephasia abrasana 134 . coccoloba caracasana 135 . conté lansana 136 . cornet [ a ] tolosana 137 . cornet tolosana 138 . cosana 139 . csana 140 . cyana formosana 141 . dandasana 142 . darsana 143 . david lansana 144 . de jager v sisana 145 . depressaria depressana 146 . desana 147 . dhanurasana 148 . dharasana 149 . dhisana 150 . diana ossana

pinus freeman , 1953 ( choristoneura ) , can . ent . 85 : 122 . tl : canada , manitoba , beausejour . holotype : cnc . male .

orae freeman , 1967 ( choristoneura ) , can . ent . 99 : 452 . tl : canada , british columbia , kitimat . holotype : cnc . male .

thyrsifera razowski , 1984 ( choristoneura ) , acta zool . cracov . 27 : 271 tl : china , yunnan province , likiang . holotype : zfmk . male .

spruce budworms and relatives are a group of closely related insects in the genus choristoneura . most are serious pests of conifers . there are nearly forty choristoneura species , and even more subspecies , or forms , with a complexity of variation among populations found throughout much of the united states and canada , and about again this number in eurasia .

jezoensis yasuda & suzuki , 1987 ( choristoneura ) , konty 55 : 232 . tl : japan , hokkaido , asahigawa [ asahikawa ] . holotype : opu . male .

metasequoiacola liu , 1983 ( choristoneura ) , entomotaxonomia 5 ( 4 ) : 290 . tl : china , hubei province , lichuan xian . holotype : izas . male .

propensa razowski , 1992 ( choristoneura ) , shilap revta . lepid . 20 : 21 . tl : afghanistan , 25 km n baarikot . holotype : nhmv . male .

spaldingana obraztsov , 1962 ( choristoneura ) , am . mus . novit . 2101 : 6 . tl : usa , utah , provo . holotype : usnm . male .

chapana razowski , 2008 ( choristoneura ) , polskie pismo entomol . 77 : 234 . tl : north vietnam , fan si pan mtns . . holotype : mnhu . male .

maritima freeman , 1967 ( choristoneura pinus ssp . ) , can . ent . 99 : 455 . tl : usa . pennsylvania , blain . holotype : cnc . male .

quadratica diakonoff , 1955 ( choristoneura ) , verff . zool . staatsamml . mnchen 8 : 46 . tl : nepal , mustangbhot , ghilinggoan . holotype : zsm . male .

biennis freeman , 1967 ( choristoneura ) , can . ent . 99 : 451 . tl : canada , monashee summit , 8 mi s cherryville . holotype : cnc . male .

expansiva wang & yang , 2008 ( choristoneura ) , zootaxa 1944 : 67 . tl : china , fujian province , mt . wuyi , sangang . holotype : nkum . male .

" out of print : biosystematic studies of conifer - feeding choristoneura ( lepidoptera tortricidae ) in de western united states : edited by jerry a . poweww - university of cawifornia press "

crawford , hewwette s . ; jennings , daniew t . ( 1989 ) . " predation by birds on spruce budworm choristoneura fumiferana : functionaw , numericaw , and totaw responses " .

africana razowski , 2002 ( choristoneura ) , acta zool . cracov . 45 : 198 tl : cameroon , cameroon ( mt . cameroon , buea ) . holotype : mrsn . male .

ferrugininotata obraztsov , 1968 ( choristoneura ) , j . new york ent . soc . 76 : 248 . tl : india , kukti , northwestern himalayas . holotype : bmnh . male .

ponderosana obraztsov , 1962 ( choristoneura lambertiana ssp . ) , am . mus . novit . 2101 : 14 tl : usa . colorado , sugar loaf . holotype : usnm . male .

viridis freeman , 1967 ( choristoneura ) , can . ent . 99 : 452 . tl : usa . california , modoc co . , bidwell creek . holotype : cnc . male .

occidentalis freeman , 1967 ( choristoneura ) , can . ent . 99 : 451 . tl : usa . washington , klickitat co . , yakima indian reserve . holotype : cnc . male .

argentifasciata heppner , 1989 ( choristoneura ) , fla . ent . 72 : 104 . tl : usa , florida , glades co . , fisheating creek , palmdale . holotype : usnm . male .

irina dubatolov & syachina , 2007 ( choristoneura ) , zhivotnyi mir dalnego vostoka 6 : 71 . tl : russia , khabarovskii krai , great khekhtsyr nature reserve , bychikha . holotype : smiase . male .

subretiniana obraztsov , 1962 ( choristoneura lambertiana ssp . ) , am . mus . novit . 2101 : 9 . tl : usa . california , tulare co . , monachee . holotype : usnm . male .

californica powell , 1964 ( choristoneura carnana ssp . ) , univ . calif . publ . ent . 32 : 179 . tl : usa . california , lake co . , anderson springs . holotype : cas . male .

palladinoi razowski & trematerra , 2010 ( choristoneura ) , j . entomol . acarol . res . ( ser . ii ) 42 : 53 . tl : ethiopia , bale mountains , harenna forest . holotype : tremc . male .

lindseyana obraztsov , 1962 ( choristoneura lambertiana ssp . ) , am . mus . novit . 2101 : 16 . tl : usa . california , modoc co . , warner mountains , 3 mi e davis creek . holotype : usnm . male .

irina syachina & budashkin , in dubatolov , syachina & budashkin , 2007 ( choristoneura ) , animal world of far east ( blagoveshchensk ) 6 : 71 . tl : russia , khabarovskii krai , great khekhtsyr nature reserve , bychikha . holotype : smiase . male .

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western spruce budworm is the most destructive defoliator of coniferous forests in western north america . it is now widely distributed throughout the

, canada . since that year , infestations have frequently been reported in western canada .

. however , it was not initially recognized as a serious threat to coniferous forests in the western u . s . aerial spraying apparently terminated some smaller epidemics in the southern and central rockies ; others subsided naturally . the insect then appeared to be dormant in us forests until 1922 , when two outbreaks were reported near

have caused top - killing and serious economic losses in tree growth . tree mortality from budworm can occur in regeneration , sapling , and pole - sized trees . trees in mature stands severely defoliated by the western spruce budworm may become susceptible to bark beetles , which kill mature trees .

there is no typical pattern for western spruce budworm epidemics . most of the early epidemics subsided naturally after a few years . others persisted longer , but without spreading over large areas . an epidemic which began in 1949 in the northern rocky mountains has persisted for over 30 years despite insecticidal treatment of more than 6 , 000 , 000 acres ( 24 , 000 km

adult moths are about 1 / 2 inch ( 12 . 7 mm ) long and have a wing - spread of 7 / 8 to 1 1 / 8 inches ( 22 to 28mm ) . moths of both sexes are similar in appearance , although the females are a bit more robust than males . both sexes fly . the gray - or orange - brown forewings are banded or streaked , and each usually has a conspicuous white dot on the wing margin . eggs are oval , light green , and about 3 / 64 inch ( 1 . 2mm ) long and overlap like shingles .

larvae develop through six stages . newly hatched larvae are yellow - green with brown heads . in the next three stages , larvae have black heads and collars and orange - or cinnamon - brown bodies . in the fifth stage , larvae have reddish - brown heads marked with black triangles , black collars , and pale olive - brown bodies marked with small whitish spots . mature larvae are 1 to 1 1 / 4 inches ( 25 to 32 mm ) long , with tan or light chestnut - brown heads and collars and olive - or reddish - brown bodies with large ivory - colored areas .

pupae are 1 / 2 to 5 / 8 inch ( 13 to 16 mm ) long , broad at the head end , and narrower toward the tail . they are brownish - yellow or brownish - green at first , and later turn reddish - brown .

throughout most of its range , the western spruce budworm completes one cycle of development from egg to adult within 12 months . moths emerge from pupal cases usually in late july or early august ; in the southern rockies , adults often begin emerging in early july .

the adults mate , and within 7 to 10 days , the female deposits her eggs and then dies . each female deposits approximately 150 eggs , usually on the underside of conifer needles . eggs are laid in one to three - row masses containing a few to 130 eggs , with an average of 25 to 40 eggs per mass .

larvae hatch from eggs in about 10 days . larvae do not feed , but seek sheltered places under bark scales or in and among lichens on the tree bole or limbs . here , they spin silken tents in which they remain inactive through the winter .

in early may to late june , larvae leave their hibernacula to search for food . they first mine or tunnel into year - old needles , closed buds , or newly developing vegetative or reproductive buds .

new foliage , which is normally the preferred food , is usually entirely consumed or destroyed before larvae will feed on older needles . larvae become full grown usually in early july about 30 to 40 days after leaving their overwintering sites .

larvae pupate in webs of silk they have spun either at the last feeding site or elsewhere on the tree . the pupal stage usually lasts about 10 days .

the first recorded outbreak of the spruce budworm in the united states occurred in maine about 1807 . another outbreak followed in 1878 . since 1909 there have been waves of budworm outbreaks throughout the eastern united states and canada . the states most often affected are maine , new hampshire , new york , michigan , minnesota , and wisconsin . these outbreaks have resulted in the loss of millions of cords of spruce and fir . in 20th century eastern canada , the major outbreaks occurred in the time periods ~ 1910 - 20 , ~ 1940 - 50 , and ~ 1970 - 80 . longer - term tree - ring studies suggest that spruce budworm outbreaks have been recurring every three decades or so since the 16th century . paleoecological studies suggest the spruce budworm has been outbreaking in eastern north america for thousands of years .

is the species most severely damaged by the budworm in the eastern united states . white , red , and

are suitable host trees and some feeding may occur on tamarack , pine , and hemlock .

mixed with balsam fir is more likely to suffer budworm damage than spruce in pure stands .

the range of the spruce bud - worm includes the northern states east of montana but the budworm is found wherever host species grow .

budworm populations are usually regulated naturally by combinations of several natural factors such as insect parasites , vertebrate and invertebrate predators , and adverse weather conditions . during prolonged outbreaks when stands become heavily defoliated , starvation can be an important mortality factor in regulating populations .

, which also have a preference for budworm , lay more eggs and are more numerous in years of budworm abundance .

natural enemies are probably responsible for considerable mortality when budworm populations are low , but seldom have a regulating influence when populations are in epidemic proportions .

chemical insecticides such as malathion , carbaryl , and acephate can substantially reduce budworm . microbial insecticides such as the bacterium bacillus thuringiensis , a naturally occurring , host - specific pathogen that affects only the larvae of lepidopterous insects is environmentally safe to use in sensitive areas such as campgrounds or along rivers or streams where it may not be desirable to use chemical insecticides .

in the katharine hepburn / spencer tracy film desk set , the market cost of the annual depredations of the spruce budworm on united states forests is invoked as an example reference question in comparing the response times of human reference librarians and early computer databases .

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this species is a favoured food of the cape may warbler , which is therefore closely associated with its host plant , balsam fir . this bird , and the tennessee and bay - breasted warblers , which also have a preference for budworm , lay more eggs and are more numerous in years of budworm abundance .

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101 . bhadrasana 102 . bharadvajasana 103 . bhekasana 104 . bhujangasana 105 . bhujapidasana 106 . boonsak ponsana 107 . bosana 108 . brian skosana 109 . brithysana 110 . bsana 111 . buddhasasana 112 . busana 113 . bussana 114 . cacoecia rosana 115 . calinaga sudassana 116 . calocedrus formosana 117 . camatkarasana 118 . camillo besana 119 . carta pisana 120 . casana 121 . catsana 122 . ceresana 123 . cesana 124 . cesare marchese de beccaria bonesana 125 . chakra bandhasana

151 . dimitsana 152 . dipya mongkollugsana 153 . disana 154 . dsana 155 . dushasana 156 . dushyasana 157 . dussasana 158 . dwi pada koundinyasana 159 . dwi pada viparita dandasana 160 . ear pressure pose - karnapidasana 161 . ear pressure pose karnapidasana 162 . eka hasta bhujasana 163 . eka hasta parshvasana 164 . eka pada baddha malasana 165 . eka pada galavasana 166 . eka pada sirsa bakasana 167 . eka pada sirsa prapadasana 168 . eka pada viparita dandasana 169 . elysia amakusana 170 . enric gensana 171 . ente upasana 172 . epiblema rimosana 173 . erika fasana 174 . esana 175 . euparypha pisana

176 . eutaenia formosana 177 . euthysana 178 . foussana 179 . frabosana 180 . francisco torrescassana 181 . franco cesana 182 . fred besana 183 . fs la massana 184 . fulgoraria formosana 185 . galavasana 186 . gaona tlhasana 187 . garbhasana 188 . garudasana 189 . garudinia successana 190 . gavesana 191 . george kosana 192 . gerardo masana 193 . ginsana 194 . giovanni francesco cassana 195 . gomukhasana 196 . grand hotel quisisana 197 . greenidea formosana 198 . grigia molisana 199 . gusana 200 . haasana

adumbratanus walsingham , 1900 ( archips ) , ann . mag . nat . hist . ( 7 ) 5 : 382 tl : japan , holotype : bmnh . male .

teshionis matsumura , 1931 ( cacoecia ) , 6000 illust . insects japan - empire : 1066 tl : japan . hokkaido , teshio . holotype : eihu . male .

albaniana walker , 1863 ( teras ) , list specimens lepid . insects colln . br . mus 28 : 288 . tl : canada , ontario , albany river , st . martin ' s falls . holotype : bmnh . male .

albariana barrett , 1887 ( pandemis ) , ent . mon . mag . 24 : 35 . no type

arcticana moschler , 1874 ( tortrix ) , stettin . ent . ztg . 35 : 164 . tl : canada . labrador . holotype : mnhu . female .

kukakana kearfott , 1907 ( tortrix ) , trans . am . ent . soc . 33 : 70 . tl : usa . alaska , kukak bay . syntype ( s ) : amnh . unknown .

lapponana tengstrom , 1869 ( tortrix ) , acta soc . fauna flora fenn . frh . 10 : 359 tl : sweden . lappland [ sweden ] . syntype ( s ) : zmh . unknown .

bracatana rebel , in rebel & rogenhofer , 1894 ( pandemis ) , ann . naturhist . hofmus 9 : 82 . tl : canary islands , canary islands ( tenerife , monte de agua garcia ) . syntype ( s ) : unknown . unknown .

carnana barnes & busck , 1920 ( tortrix ) , contrib . nat . hist . lepid . n . am 4 : 214 . tl : usa , california , san bernardino mountains , camp baldy . . holotype : usnm . male .

colyma razowski , 2006 ( coristoneura ) , acta zool . cracov . 49b : 123 . tl : india , jammu and kashmir ( indien j & k , kaschmir , sonamarg ) . holotype : isez . male .

conflictana walker , 1863 ( tortrix ) , list specimens lepid . insects colln . br . mus 28 : 323 . tl : canada , ontario , albany river , st . martin ' s falls . syntypes : bmnh . male , female .

diversana hubner , [ 1814 - 1817 ] ( tortrix ) , samml . eur . schmett . 7 . : pl . 40 , fig . 251 . tl : europe , syntype ( s ) : unknown . unknown .

alfredana duponchel , 1846 ( paedisca ) , cat . mth . lpid . eur . : 300 . tl : russia . pri - morski territory . syntype ( s ) : unknown . unknown .

transitana guenee , 1845 ( tortrix ) , annls soc . ent . fr . ( 2 ) 3 : 138 . tl : france . syntype ( s ) : mnhn . unknown .

viduana frolich , 1828 ( tortrix ) , enum . tortr . wrtemberg : 34 . tl : germany . wrtemburg . syntype ( s ) : unknown . unknown .

evanidana kennel , 1901 ( cacoecia ) , dt . ent . z . iris 13 ( 1900 ) : 214 . tl : russia , far east , askold island . lectotype : mnhu . male .

fractivittana clemens , 1865 ( lozotaenia ) , proc . ent . soc . philad . 5 : 136 . tl : usa , virginia . holotype : ansp . male .

fumosa robinson , 1869 ( tortrix ) , trans . am . ent . soc . 2 : 268 . tl : usa . ohio . lectotype : ansp . female .

fumiferana clemens , 1865 ( tortrix ) , proc . ent . soc . philad . 5 : 139 . tl : usa , virginia . holotype : ansp . male .

nigrida beutenmuller , 1892 ( tortrix ) , bull . am . mus . nat . hist . 4 : 64 . no type

nigridia robinson , 1869 ( tortrix ) , trans . am . ent . soc . 2 : 268 . tl : usa . ohio , pennsylvania , massachusetts . lectotype : amnh . male .

griseicoma meyrick , 1924 ( tortrix ) , exotic microlepid . 3 : 115 . tl : india , kashmir , srinagar . lectotype : bmnh . male .

hebenstreitella muller , 1764 ( phalaena tinea ) , fauna insect . friedrichsd . : 58 . tl : germany , friedrichsdal . syntype ( s ) : unknown . unknown .

pyrana villers , 1789 ( phalaena tortrix ) , c . linnaei ent . faun . suec . descr . 2 : 416 . tl : europe . syntype ( s ) : unknown . unknown .

sorbiana hubner , [ 1796 - 1799 ] ( tortrix ) , samml . eur . schmett . 7 : pl . 18fig . 113 . syntype ( s ) : unknown . unknown .

umbratilis geoffroy , in fourcroy , 1785 ( phalaena ) , ent . paris . 2 : 304 . tl : france . syntype ( s ) : mnhn . unknown .

heliaspis meyrick , 1909 ( cacoecia ) , ann . s . afr . mus . 5 : 349 . tl : south africa , natal . holotype : samc . unknown .

heliastis pinhey , 1975 ( cacoecia ) , moths south africa : 37 . no type

jecorana kennel , 1899 ( tortrix pandemis ) , dt . ent . z . iris 12 : 4 . tl : iran , schahrud . holotype : mnhu . female .

lafauryana ragonot , 1875 ( tortrix ) , annls soc . ent . fr . ( bulletin ) ( 5 ) 5 lxxii . tl : france , dax . syntype ( s ) : mnhn . unknown .

inornatanus walsingham , 1900 ( archips ) , ann . mag . nat . hist . ( 7 ) 6 : 442 tl : korea . gensan . holotype : bmnh . male .

lafauriana kennel , 1910 ( cacoecia ) , palaear . tortr . : 135 . no type

laufauriana kennel , in spuler , 1910 ( cacoecia ) , schmett . eur . : 248 . no type

lambertiana busck , 1915 ( tortrix ) , proc . ent . soc . wash . 17 : 86 . tl : usa , oregon , jackson co . , ashland . holotype : usnm . male .

lambertianae keen , 1952 ( tortrix ) , u . s . dept . agric . for . serv . bimonth : 80 . no type

longicellanus walsingham , 1900 ( archips ) , ann . mag . nat . hist . ( 7 ) 5 : 378 tl : japan , honshu , kanagawa prefecture , yokohama . holotype : bmnh . male .

disparana kennel , 1901 ( cacoecia ) , dt . ent . z . iris 13 ( 1900 ) : 216 . tl : russia . far east , primorsky krai , sutschan [ suchan ] . syntype ( s ) : mnhu . unknown .

luticostana christoph , 1888 ( tortrix ) , horae soc . ent . ross . 22 : 311 . tl : russia , primorsky krai , vladivostok . lectotype : bmnh . male .

gigantana kennel , 1899 ( tortrix ) , dt . ent . z . iris 12 : 6 . tl : russia . primorsky krai , ussuri , suifun . holotype : mnhu . female .

murinana hubner , [ 1796 - 1799 ] ( tortrix ) , samml . eur . schmett . 7 : pl . 17fig . 105 . tl : europe , syntype ( s ) : unknown . unknown .

besseri nowicki , 1860 ( tortrix ) , enum . lepid . haliciae orient . : 125 . tl : ukraine . ukraine ( stupnica , near drohobycz ) . syntype ( s ) : unknown . unknown .

caprimulgana koch , 1859 ( tortrix ) , vernachr . bohm . forst - jagd - u . naturk . 33 : 55 . tl : europe . syntype ( s ) : unknown . unknown .

histrionana ratzeburg , 1868 ( tortrix ) , waldverd 2 : 13 . tl : europe . syntype ( s ) : unknown . unknown .

immaculana wachtl , 1882 ( tortrix murinana var . ) , mitt . forstl . vers . st 9 : 15 . tl : austria . syntype ( s ) : unknown . unknown .

neurophaea meyrick , 1932 ( tortrix ) , exotic microlepid . 4 : 341 . tl : india , kashmir , killanmarg . lectotype : bmnh . male .

obsoletana walker , 1863 ( tortrix ) , list specimens lepid . insects colln . br . mus 28 : 288 . tl : north america , north america ( atlantic states ) . holotype : bmnh . male .

sanbornana robinson , 1869 ( tortrix ) , trans . am . ent . soc . 2 : 265 . tl : usa . texas / florida . syntype ( s ) : ansp . unknown .

seminolana kearfott , 1907 ( tortrix ) , trans . am . ent . soc . 33 : 71 . tl : usa . florida . lectotype : amnh . male .

transiturana walker , 1863 ( cacoecia ) , list specimens lepid . insects colln . br . mus 28 : 312 . syntypes : bmnh . male , female .

vesperana clemens , 1865 ( lozotaenia ) , proc . ent . soc . philad . 5 : 136 . tl : usa . virginia . lectotype : ansp . male .

occidentalis walsingham , 1891 ( cacoecia ) , trans . ent . soc . lond . 1891 : 64 . tl : gambia , gambia ( bathurst ) . syntypes : bmnh . male , female .

parallela robinson , 1869 ( tortrix ) , trans . am . ent . soc . 2 : 267 . tl : usa , new york , putman co . . lectotype : amnh . male .

psoricodes meyrick , 1911 ( tortrix ) , ann . transvaal mus . 2 : 223 . tl : south africa , transvaal , haenertsburg . lectotype : bmnh . male .

retiniana walsingham , 1879 ( lozotaenia ) , illust . typical specimens lepid . heterocera colln . br . mus 4 : 12 . tl : usa , california , siskiyou co . , mt shasta . holotype : bmnh . male .

rosaceana harris , 1841 ( loxotaenia ) , rep . ins . mass . injurious veg . : 348 . tl : usa , massachusetts . syntype ( s ) : unknown . unknown .

gossypiana packard , 1869 ( lozotaenia ) , guide study ins . : 335 . tl : usa . syntype ( s ) : unknown . unknown .

vicariana walker , 1863 ( teras ) , list specimens lepid . insects colln . br . mus 28 : 287 . tl : north america . holotype : bmnh . male .

simonyi rebel , 1892 ( pandemis ) , ann . naturhist . hofmus . 7 : 263 . tl : canary islands , canary islands ( gran canaria , la palma ) . holotype : unknown . unknown .

mactana rebel , in rebel & rogenhofer , 1896 ( pandemis ) , naturhist . hofmus 11 : 116 . tl : canary islands . canary islands ( tenerife ) . lectotype : mgab . male .

persimilana rebel , in rebel & rogenhofer , 1894 ( pandemis ) , ann . naturhist . hofmus 9 : 82 . tl : canary islands . canary islands ( tenerife ) . syntype ( s ) : unknown . unknown .

zapulata robinson , 1869 ( tortrix ) , trans . am . ent . soc . 2 : 264 . tl : usa , illinois . lectotype : amnh . male .

symphoricarpana kearfott , 1905 ( tortrix ) , can . ent . 37 : 92 . tl : canada . alberta , medicine hat . lectotype : amnh . male .

unless noted , all images on these pages are copyright © 2003 - 14 by todd gilligan . please do not download , copy , print , or otherwise distribute any images from these pages without the permission of the author . contact form .

the first recorded outbreak of de ( eastern ) spruce budworm in de united states occurred in maine in about 1807 , awdough it seems to have escaped notice of de entomowogists untiw 1865 . anoder outbreak fowwowed in 1878 . since 1909 dere have been waves of budworm outbreaks droughout de eastern united states and canada . longer - term tree - ring studies suggest dat spruce budworm outbreaks have been recurring approximatewy every dree decades since de 16f century . [ 1 ]

the first recorded outbreak of de western variety , which was in 2008 from occidentawis rechristened freemani , occurred in 1909 on de soudeastern part of vancouver iswand in british cowumbia , canada . since dat year , infestations have freqwentwy been reported in western canada . the budworm was first recorded in 1914 in de united states , in oregon . however , it was not initiawwy recognized as a serious dreat to coniferous forests in de western u . s . [ 2 ]

in atwantic canada , de spruce budworm probwem was noted as earwy as 1910 . [ 3 ]

in wocations such as new brunswick , ddt pesticide was appwied to over 3 . 6 miwwion hectacres from 1952 to 1958 and 1960 to 1967 . this use of chemicaw controw effectivewy decreased de spruce mortawity rate widin dis area and prevented significant economic impact . [ 4 ] in fact , de government of new brunswick formed forest protection limited ( fpl ) as an agent wif which " to fight de spruce budworm [ which was ] den dreatening to destroy much of new brunswick ' s fir - spruce forest " . [ 5 ]

the nova scotia iswand of cape breton was awso affected by de 1952 outbreak , but dey chose not to spray pesticides . the infestation cowwapsed from naturaw causes widin five years . estimates of de spruce mortawity were on de order of 100 , 000 cords , of which 60 % was recovered because de vawuabwe wood is weft untouched by de insect and can be harvested profitabwy . the budworm eats onwy de needwes , which have no economic vawue apart from being part of de mechanism for survivaw and growf . [ 3 ]

by de wate 1960s , fenitrodion had been devewoped to repwace ddt , whose adverse heawf and environmentaw effects were awready noted . [ 3 ]

by winter 1975 , medicaw staff at de kiwwam hospitaw for chiwdren in hawifax remarked dat every chiwd wif a diagnosis of reye ' s syndrome was a new brunswicker , and water proved a wink between de syndrome and de emuwsifier used to appwy de fenitrodion , uh - hah - hah - hah . as a conseqwence of de furore surrounding de discovery of de reye ' s syndrome wink wif pesticides , in 1976 de nova scotia minister of heawf , awwan suwwivan , cancewwed a pesticide spraying programme dat had onwy recentwy been approved by cabinet . [ 6 ] [ 7 ] erik sunbwad , den president of stora koppenberg , who controwwed de petitioner nova scotia forest industries , had dreatened to shut down de works if his spraying programme met wif officiaw disapprovaw . [ 3 ]

sunbwad den went on to push anoder pesticide cawwed sevin , a trade name of carbaryw , which apparentwy reqwired no emuwsifier but was more expensive . it was at de time registered for use in maine , but de environmentaw protection agency stated dat sevin was " suspect right now " , and by den severaw cases of sevin poisoning had been seen awready in nova scotia itsewf . [ 3 ]

betimes in 1977 , de now - deceased lucretia j . guerin , [ 8 ] president of a community organisation named " the concerned parents group inc . " pursued fpl in de provinciaw court of new brunswick . hughes cjnb stated , upon appeaw , dat " needwess to say , de so - cawwed ' spray programme ' constitutes an extremewy contentious issue due to confwicting concerns between dose who bewieve de spray is necessary for de survivaw of de spruce and fir forests of de province , and de economy based dereon , and dose who are concerned over de effect of de spray upon de environment . " amongst oder devewopments , a ministeriaw wetter was reqwired to save fpl from pursuit under de pest controw products act . [ 9 ]

an outbreak of de insect was seen on de norf shore of de st lawrence river in 2006 . the outbreak zone has moved soudwards and eastwards awong wif de prevaiwing wind . [ 10 ]

a fir tip on which feeding has started . b egg mass of budworm on fir needwe ( greatwy enwarged ) c larva of budworm , enwarged 1 . 5 times . d pupa of budworm , enwarged 1 . 5 times . e mof of budworm , enwarged 1 . 5 times .

budworm popuwations are usuawwy reguwated naturawwy by combinations of severaw naturaw factors such as insect parasites , vertebrate and invertebrate predators , and adverse weader conditions . during prowonged outbreaks when stands become heaviwy defowiated , starvation can be an important mortawity factor in reguwating popuwations .

this species is a favoured food of de cape may warbwer , which is derefore cwosewy associated wif its host pwant , bawsam fir . this bird , and de tennessee and bay - breasted warbwers , which awso have a preference for budworm , way more eggs and are more numerous in years of budworm abundance .

naturaw enemies are probabwy responsibwe for considerabwe mortawity when budworm popuwations are wow , but sewdom have a reguwating infwuence when popuwations are in epidemic proportions .

chemicaw insecticides such as mawadion , carbaryw , and acephate can substantiawwy reduce budworm . microbiaw insecticides such as bacterium species baciwwus duringiensis ( bt ) , a naturawwy occurring , host - specific padogen dat affects specific insect warvae based on de bacteria strain , uh - hah - hah - hah . bt insecticides are often used in sensitive areas such as campgrounds or awong rivers and streams , where it may not be desirabwe to use chemicaw insecticides wif modes of action dat affect fish and mammaws .

the eastern spruce budworm is one of de most destructive insects of fir and spruce forests droughout canada and de eastern united states . [ 14 ]

for biowogicaw medods , birds are important in controwwing popuwations of de eastern spruce budworm bewow outbreak wevews , [ 15 ] and de parasitic wasp trichogramma minutum was investigated as a sowution as weww . [ 16 ]

fewwin , d . and j . dewey ( march 1992 ) . western spruce budworm forest insect & disease leafwet 53 , u . s . forest service . retrieved on : september 14 , 2008 .

mike donovan : " the battwe of de year " . atwantic issues , february 1977 vowume 1 number 1 pp 4 - 5

macdonawd , d . r . 1968 . management of spruce budworm popuwations . for . chron , uh - hah - hah - hah . 44 ( 3 ) : 33–36 ( separate pagination ) .

kramer ms : kids versus trees : reye ' s syndrome and spraying for spruce budworm in new brunswick j cwin epidemiow . 2009 jun ; 62 ( 6 ) : 578 - 81 . doi : 10 . 1016 / j . jcwinepi . 2009 . 01 . 002 . epub 2009 apr 5 .

[ spitzer wo : report of de new brunswick task force on de environment and reye ' s syndrome ] cwin invest med . 1982 ; 5 ( 2 - 3 ) : 203 - 14 .

urltoken " forest protection ltd . v . guerin " , 1979 - 05 - 25 : 1979 canlii 2758 ( nb qb ) ; 25 nbr ( 2d ) 513 ; 104 dlr ( 3d ) 260

smif , s . m . ; hubbes , m . ; carrow , j . r . 1986 . factors affecting inundative reweases of trichogramma minutum riw . against de spruce budworm . j . appw . entomow . 101 ( 1 ) : 29–39 .

hudak , j . ( 1991 ) . " integrated pest management and de eastern spruce budworm " .

patrick m . a . james ; louis‐etienne robert ; b . mike wotton ; david l . marteww ; richard a . fweming ( 2017 ) .

wiwwiam j . mattson ; gary a . simmons ; john a . witter ,

, 2007 : on de type specimens of de tortricidae described by eduard friedrich eversmann from de vowgo - uraw region , uh - hah - hah - hah .

, 2013 : an iwwustrated catawogue of de specimens of tortricidae in de iziko souf african museum , cape town ( lepidoptera : tortricidae ) .

marda h . brookes ; robert w . campbeww ; j . j . cowbert ; russew g . mitcheww ; r . w . stark ( 1987 ) .

. technicaw buwwetin no . 1694 ; canada / united states spruce budworms program - west . usda .

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