ridgeheads , also known as bigscales , are a family ( melamphaidae , from the greek melanos [ black ] and amphi [ by both sides ] ) of small , deep-sea stephanoberyciform fish .

the family contains approximately 37 species in five genera ; their distribution is worldwide , but ridgeheads are absent from the arctic ocean and mediterranean sea .

although the family is one of the most widespread and plentiful of deep-sea families , none of its members are of interest to commercial fishery .

these fish are named for their large scales and pronounced cranial ridges , as well as for their typically dark brown to black coloration .

ridgeheads are the largest and most diverse family of their order .

ridgehead

ridgehead <EOT> glassdoor gives you an inside look at what it ' s like to work at ridgehead software , including salaries , reviews , office photos , and more . this is the ridgehead software company profile . all content is posted anonymously by employees working at ridgehead software .

ridgehead software is a niche software developer & integrator specializing in call center , customer care , crm , & mobile app development .

ridgehead farm cottages were created in 2008 by converting a 200 year old historic barn into 2 luxury cottages , they are both rated at the top end of 4 star by the tourist board . set at 1500ft on a 80 acre equine farm within a site of special scientific interest , they offer stunning views and year round peace and tranquillity yet are conveniently located for local amenities and exploring the peak district .

a superb historic barn , newly converted into two self contained luxury holiday cottages with breathtaking views over the peak district . the cottages are situated on an equine farm . . .

we are located in an area of the peak district national park called the white peak , known for its limestone gorges and walls , however a small part of it where we are is actually on gritstone giving the area its high moors and rocky outcrops . the surrounding area formed part of the harpur crewe estate until it was split up and sold off half way through last century .

bakewell dates from about 1300 and has a large stall market and cattle market every monday . it is famous as being the home of the original bakewell pudding .

leek is also less than 10 minutes drive and has stall markets every wednesday , friday and saturday . it has a coop and morrisons and some excellent antique shops .

buxton is only 10 minutes drive , it is a georgian spa town with some wonderful architecture , it is home to the opera house with a regular and varied selection of entertainment .

the nearest village is longnor dating from the time of the doomsday book , set on old trade routes it was an important trading centre as evidenced by the cobbled market square .

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k fuzion ' s headquarters is located in lakewood , colorado . for every employee , k fuzion generates $ 91 . 6k in revenue . k fuzion has 1 followers on owler .

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mesopelagic and bathypelagic at 340 - 1200 m depth ( ref . 36665 ) . oviparous , with planktonic eggs and larvae ( ref . 36655 ) . significant morphological variation between indo - pacific and other populations .

circumglobal : in tropical to temperate waters ; except arctic ocean and mediterranean sea . eastern atlantic : gulf of guinea and west of the canary islands . eastern pacific : california current region ( ref . 36655 ) . western pacific : kuril island ( ref . 52443 ) . south china sea ( ref . 74511 ) .

7 . 3 cm sl ( male / unsexed ; ( ref . 4241 ) )

dark brown body ; black head , mouth , and branchial cavity ; pigmented fins . transverse rows of scales , 28 ( ref . 31511 ) . gill rakers on the first arch , 14 - 17 ( ref . 37108 ) .

type for scopeloberyx robustus catalog number : usnm 75810 collection : smithsonian institution , national museum of natural history , department of vertebrate zoology , division of fishes preparation : illustration year collected : 1904 locality : off santa catalina islands , coast of southern california . , california , united states , pacific depth ( m ) : 3864 to 4131 vessel : albatross

depth range based on 160 specimens in 1 taxon . water temperature and chemistry ranges based on 111 samples . environmental ranges depth range ( m ) : 50 - 5000 temperature range ( °c ) : 1 . 520 - 19 . 645 nitrate ( umol / l ) : 0 . 967 - 42 . 149 salinity ( pps ) : 34 . 135 - 36 . 604 oxygen ( ml / l ) : 0 . 677 - 6 . 358 phosphate ( umol / l ) : 0 . 048 - 3 . 065 silicate ( umol / l ) : 0 . 951 - 175 . 599 graphical representation depth range ( m ) : 50 - 5000 temperature range ( °c ) : 1 . 520 - 19 . 645 nitrate ( umol / l ) : 0 . 967 - 42 . 149 salinity ( pps ) : 34 . 135 - 36 . 604 oxygen ( ml / l ) : 0 . 677 - 6 . 358 phosphate ( umol / l ) : 0 . 048 - 3 . 065 silicate ( umol / l ) : 0 . 951 - 175 . 599 note : this information has not been validated . check this * note * . your feedback is most welcome .

bathypelagic ; marine ; depth range 0 - 4740 m ( ref . 58018 ) , usually ? - 500 m ( ref . 36655 )

depth : 580 - 2930m . from 580 to 2930 meters . habitat : bathypelagic .

mesopelagic and bathypelagic at 340 - 1200 m depth ( ref . 36665 ) . feeds on pelagic crustaceans ( ref . 58748 ) .

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thank you for taking the time to provide feedback on the iucn red list of threatened species website , we are grateful for your input .

eschmeyer , w . n . ( ed . ) . 2014 . catalog of fishes . updated 10 march 2014 . available at : http : / / urltoken .

justification : melamphaes typhlops can be found in tropical and subtropical atlantic ocean . the adults are found at depths below 500–600 m and the juveniles below 50 m . there is little known about the population . there are no species - specific threats . this species is assessed as data deficient .

melamphaes typhlops can be found in tropical and subtropical atlantic ocean ( moore in press ) . melamphaes typhlops can be found in the north atlantic between 10°n and 45°n ; however , there have been two specimen caught further south ( mcz 20º s 9ºw ) . the adults are found at depths below 500–600 m and the juveniles below 50 m ( kotlyar 2004 ) . species in the melamphaidae family can be found between 200 and 2 , 000 metres ( moore in press ) and they likely migrate vertically at night with the upper limit between 500 - 1 , 000 m at night . it has been taken by hooks to 1 , 600 m ( maul 1986 ) .

angola ; anguilla ; antigua and barbuda ; aruba ; bahamas ; barbados ; belize ; benin ; bermuda ; bonaire , sint eustatius and saba ; brazil ; cameroon ; canada ; cayman islands ; colombia ; congo ; congo , the democratic republic of the ; costa rica ; côte d ' ivoire ; cuba ; curaçao ; dominica ; dominican republic ; el salvador ; equatorial guinea ; french guiana ; gabon ; gambia ; ghana ; gibraltar ; grenada ; guadeloupe ; guatemala ; guinea ; guinea - bissau ; guyana ; haiti ; honduras ; jamaica ; liberia ; martinique ; mauritania ; mexico ; montserrat ; morocco ; namibia ; nicaragua ; nigeria ; panama ; paraguay ; portugal ( azores , madeira ) ; puerto rico ; saint barthélemy ; saint kitts and nevis ; saint lucia ; saint martin ( french part ) ; saint pierre and miquelon ; saint vincent and the grenadines ; sao tomé and principe ( principe , sâo tomé ) ; senegal ; sint maarten ( dutch part ) ; spain ( canary is . ) ; suriname ; togo ; trinidad and tobago ; turks and caicos islands ; united states ; uruguay ; virgin islands , british ; virgin islands , u . s . ; western sahara

species in the melamphaidae family eat gelatinous fish and small crustaceans ( moore in press ) . the adults are found at depths below 500–600 metres and the juveniles below 50 metres ( kotlyar 2004 ) .

there are no species - specific threats but it can be caught in deep - water trawls .

to make use of this information , please check the < terms of use > .

eschmeyer , w . n . ( ed . ) . 2015 . catalog of fishes . updated 3 february 2015 . available at : urltoken . ( accessed : 5 february 2015 ) .

de silva , r . , milligan , h . , lutz , m . , batchelor , a . , jopling , b . , kemp , k . , lewis , s . , lintott , p . , sears , j . , wilson , p . & smith , j . and livingston , f .

justification : scopeloberyx opisthopterus has been assessed as least concern . this species has an extremely broad distribution , and due to its deep - water nature , it is unlikely to be threatened by any major threats across its range . the small size of this species also means that is unlikely to be taken in any significant quantity as by - catch by deep - sea fisheries .

scopeloberyx opisthopterus is widely distributed in the tropical waters of the atlantic , indian and pacific oceans .

scopeloberyx opisthopterus is a bathypelagic , oceanic species which generally occurs at depths of 500–600 m ( kotlyar 2004 ) . however , it can sometimes be found down to depths of 1 , 450 m . species from the family melamphaidae primarily feed on gelatinous organisms and small crustaceans ( fao 1999 ) .

due to the small size of this species , it is unlikely that it is being taken as by - catch in significant quantities . there are no other known threats to scopeloberyx opisthopterus .

this errata assessment has been created because the map was accidentally left out of the version published previously .

( errata version published in 2017 ) . the iucn red list of threatened species 2010 : e . t155189a115282390 .

justification : european regional assessment : not applicable ( na ) this species is assessed as not applicable as it has a marginal occurrence in europe . its european population is considered to represent less than 1 % of the global population .

this fish can be found in the tropical and subtropical atlantic ocean ( moore in press ) and in the north atlantic ocean between 10°n and 45°n ; however , there have been two specimen caught further south ( mcz 20º s 9ºw ) . the adults are found at depths below 500–600 m and the juveniles below 50 m ( kotlyar 2004 ) . species in the melamphaidae family can be found between 200 and 2000 metres ( moore in press ) . likely migrators as vertically at night upper limit is between 500 - 1 , 000 m at night , taken by hooks to 1 , 600 m ( maul 1986 ) . in the european region the fish is known from portugal ( off the mainland coast , the azores archipelago and madeira ; carneiro et al . 2014 ) , and from spain ( the canaries ; bordes caballero et al . 2009 ) .

portugal ( azores , madeira , portugal ( mainland ) ) ; spain ( canary is . )

species in the melamphaidae family eat gelatinous fish and small crustaceans ( moore in press ) . the adults are found at depths below 500–600 m and the juveniles below 50 m ( kotlyar 2004 ) .

there are no species specific threats but they can be caught in deep - water trawls .

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dana campbell marked " n220 _ w1150 " as trusted on the " anoplogaster cornuta " page .

oviparous , with planktonic eggs and larvae ( ref . 36655 ) . there is significant morphological variation between populations ( ref . 4241 ) .

kari pihlaviita added the finnish common name " töyhtösuomukala " to " poromitra crassiceps ( günther , 1878 ) " .

kari pihlaviita added the finnish common name " töyhtöpää " to " poromitra crassiceps ( günther , 1878 ) " .

this species is endemic to mexico , but widespread along the central pacific coast region : from nayarit to istmo de tehuantepec , oaxaca . it occurs from sea level up to 700 m asl .

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a history of the county of stafford : volume 7 , leek and the moorlands . originally published by victoria county history , london , 1996 .

heathylee was formerly a township in alstonefield parish and later a civil parish 5 , 535 a . ( 2 , 240 ha . ) in area . ( fn . 1 ) it is mostly pasture , with scattered farms in river valleys and with no village centre . the western boundary with leekfrith is formed by back brook , which flows south to join the river churnet , and two arms of black brook which flow north and west to join the river dane . most of the northern boundary with hollinsclough runs along a ridge , and the river manifold forms the short eastern boundary with sheen . in 1934 the civil parish was enlarged by the addition of land from neighbouring parishes : a detached portion of bradnop centred on hurdlow farm and covering 385 a . ; a detached portion of leekfrith lying between hurdlow and upper hulme and covering 10 a . ; 30 a . from onecote ; and 18 a . from longnor lying on the south side of the present course of the river manifold east of longnor bridge . at the same date 1 a . on the north side of the river was transferred from heathylee to longnor . as a result the area of heathylee civil parish was increased to its present 5 , 977 a . ( 2 , 419 ha . ) . ( fn . 2 ) this article deals with the former township together with the land added in 1934 .

morridge divides the township into a western part and a larger eastern part . the former is drained by the churnet and the latter by the manifold and a tributary , oakenclough brook . the land lies at 825 ft . ( 251 m . ) in the south - west corner beside back brook . to the north and east on morridge it reaches 1 , 535 ft . ( 468 m . ) near morridge top farm and 1 , 590 ft . ( 487 m . ) near blake mere . on the east side of the township the land lies at 942 ft . ( 287 m . ) where the leeklongnor road crosses oakenclough brook at hardings booth and 862 ft . ( 263 m . ) where the road crosses the manifold at longnor bridge . the underlying rock is sandstone of the millstone grit series , which outcrops on the west side of the township at ramshaw rocks and near newstone farm . a shallow basin of the coal measures overlies the rock in the blue hills area along the western boundary . the best soil lies in the east where it is coarse loam . elsewhere it is mostly clay and loam , with peat on the west side of morridge . ( fn . 3 )

the number of people in heathylee owing suit at the manor court in the late 1760s was 100 . ( fn . 4 ) the population of the township was 520 in 1801 , 706 in 1811 , and 788 in 1821 . by 1831 it had fallen to 689 , and a steady decline thereafter reduced it to 504 in 1861 , 361 in 1891 , 353 in 1901 , 331 in 1911 , 333 in 1921 , and 345 in 1931 . the population of the enlarged civil parish was 280 in 1951 , 279 in 1961 , 258 in 1971 , 265 in 1981 , and 244 in 1991 . the population of the hurdlow farm area added in 1934 was 25 in 1841 and 23 in 1881 . ( fn . 5 )

the earliest medieval settlement was probably in the south - west corner where the hamlet of upper hulme existed on the leekfrith side of back brook by the mid 13th century . ( fn . 6 ) there was an estate called broncott on the heathylee side of the brook by 1299 ; the name is derived from words meaning broom cottage . ( fn . 7 ) a house built north of broncott farm in the later 18th century almost certainly for joseph billing , who worked a quarry there , was an inn by the later 1820s . it was then called the new inn , and it survived as a public house , the olde rock , in 1994 . ( fn . 8 ) a cottage beside back brook west of the inn has the date 1778 over a fireplace . to the north of upper hulme a house called naychurch , in existence by the early 15th century , ( fn . 9 ) retains 17th - century stonework .

there was a house on the site of knowles farm north - east of upper hulme probably by 1308 , when robert of knolles was recorded as a tenant of alstonefield manor , and certainly by 1476 . ( fn . 10 ) to the east , across the headstream of the churnet , pasture on morridge was called swains moor by the early 14th century . ( fn . 11 ) there was house called strines on the edge of the moor by 1415 , ( fn . 12 ) and one to the west on the site of little swainsmoor farm by the early 16th century . ( fn . 13 ) south of swains moor , the detached portion of bradnop township added to heathylee in 1934 was centred on hurdlow farm , which belonged to dieulacres abbey at the end of the middle ages . the name hurdlow combines old english hord , treasure , and hlaw , a hill or possibly a barrow . ( fn . 14 ) there was a house at stoney cliffe south - west of hurdlow by 1586 . ( fn . 15 )

on the east side of the township there was a settlement at hardings booth at the confluence of the manifold and oakenclough brook by 1327 . ( fn . 16 ) the site of oakenclough hall to the south - west in the valley of oakenclough brook was inhabited by the early 15th century . ( fn . 17 ) a 17th - century stone house there , styled a hall in 1747 , ( fn . 18 ) was replaced by the present house built on an adjacent site in the later 1890s . ( fn . 19 ) the site of badger ' s croft further west was probably inhabited by 1308 , when robert of bochardescroft was recorded as a tenant of alstonefield manor . the house was known as butcher ' s or badger ' s croft in the 18th century . ( fn . 20 )

a house called heathylee was recorded in 1406 . its site was probably in the manifold valley north - west of hardings booth , where there were two houses called heathylee in 1571 . ( fn . 21 ) there was a house in the upper part of the valley at thick withins by 1406 , ( fn . 22 ) and others to the east at fawside by c . 1420 ( fn . 23 ) and ball bank by 1444 . ( fn . 24 ) there were also houses by the earlier 15th century on the south side of the manifold : hole carr was recorded in 1414 , ( fn . 25 ) bradshaw in 1429 , ( fn . 26 ) and marnshaw in 1444 . ( fn . 27 ) houses at coldshaw and merril grove beside the longnor road were recorded respectively in 1429 and 1439 . ( fn . 28 ) the place - name ' shaw ' means a copse , and its use suggests late - medieval settlement in a wooded landscape . ( fn . 29 ) the site of heath house on the longnor road east of hardings booth was occupied by 1406 . ( fn . 30 ) waterhouse farm at the township ' s eastern tip beside the manifold was so called by 1571 . there were then two adjacent houses , over waterhouse and stewards place , the latter possibly once used by the steward of alstonefield manor . there were still two houses there in the later 18th century . ( fn . 31 )

blue hills north of upper hulme was probably the last area of the township to be settled . so called by c . 1680 , it apparently takes its name from the colouring of watercourses by coal deposits , which were mined by the early 15th century . ( fn . 32 ) a house called gylfields in 1481 stood near gib torr rocks ( in quarnford ) , possibly on the site of the present gib torr farm . there was certainly a house called gib torr by 1564 . ( fn . 33 ) the present house is probably of the 19th century , and a barn carries the initials of sir george crewe and the date 1841 . there was a house at hazel barrow by 1719 , ( fn . 34 ) and newstone farm is dated 1773 .

a pool called blake mere on the east side of swains moor was evidently so called in the 14th century , when the name was used for a nearby house ( the present mermaid inn ) in onecote , in leek parish . ( fn . 35 ) a belief that the pool was bottomless and that cattle would not drink from it or birds fly over it was dismissed as fanciful by the antiquary robert plot , writing c . 1680 . he accepted , however , a story about the rescue of a woman whose lover tried to drown her in the pool . the event was the subject of robert southey ' s poem ' mary , the maid of the inn ' , written in 1796 . ( fn . 36 )

a short stretch of the cheadle - buxton road runs through the east side of the township . formerly it joined the longnor road near longnor mill , but after being turnpiked in 1770 it was realigned to run directly to longnor village by way of a bridge at windy arbour . ( fn . 47 ) by 1818 there was a tollgate at the junction of the old and new routes . ( fn . 48 ) the road was disturnpiked in 1878 . ( fn . 49 )

a surviving stone bridge across a stream northwest of stoney cliffe carried a packhorse way between cheshire and nottinghamshire , which crossed the south - western tip of the township before climbing morridge to the mermaid inn in onecote . ( fn . 50 )

heathylee was connected to a mains electricity supply in 1963 . ( fn . 51 )

it was apparently a custom in the early 19th century for people to gather on may day at the bald stone west of the royal cottage and to paint it white . ( fn . 52 ) the new inn at upper hulme was the meeting place of the colliers ' refuge friendly society , established in 1842 as a lodge of the order of foresters . the society had 162 members in 1876 . ( fn . 53 ) a brass band formed at upper hulme by 1850 ( fn . 54 ) was probably drawn from members of the lodge .

an estate centred on broncott farm at upper hulme probably existed by 1299 when the widow of henry of broncott held a house of nicholas de audley , the lord of aenora malbank ' s share of alstonefield manor . ( fn . 55 ) in 1327 ranulph of bagnall gave his son william lands and tenements in the vill and fields of broncott , and in 1341 thomas of bagnall acquired a ' great house ' there with further land . in 1370 the estate was held by thomas ' s son john , and in 1432 john ' s son william granted it to roger fowall , retaining a life - interest . ( fn . 56 ) richard fowall held the estate in 1557 , when he was succeeded by his son william , ( fn . 57 ) and roger fowall held it in 1567 and 1577 . the owner in 1591 was ralph fowall , who became the tenant in 1592 on selling the estate to john harpur , lord of alstonefield manor . ( fn . 58 ) in 1633 the tenant of what was then a 52½ - a . farm was robert brough ( d . 1657 ) . ( fn . 59 ) he was succeeded by his son thomas , and thomas by his son robert , the tenant in 1679 . ( fn . 60 ) he or another robert was succeeded in 1712 by his son robert ( d . 1753 ) . ( fn . 61 ) the tenant when the harpur crewe family offered the farm for sale in 1951 was colin lownds ( d . 1975 ) , whose daughter edith and her husband william waters were the owners in 1994 . ( fn . 62 ) the stone - built farmhouse is dated 1833 .

the detached portion of bradnop added to heathylee in 1934 consisted of an estate centred on hurdlow farm . the estate belonged to dieulacres abbey at the dissolution , and in 1546 the crown sold it to two speculators , hugh and robert thornhill . ( fn . 63 ) by 1625 it was owned by the hollinshead family , later of ashenhurst hall in bradnop , who still held it in 1680 . ( fn . 64 ) the later descent is unknown until 1835 , when a house and 189 a . were offered for sale under the will of john bourne , possibly of lane end in longton . ( fn . 65 ) the property was again offered for sale in 1845 , and 177 a . were bought by the revd . john sneyd of basford hall , in cheddleton . ( fn . 66 ) rebuilt in the 19th century , the house with its farmland was owned by the belfield family in 1994 .

over field and nether field recorded at broncott in 1341 may have been open fields . ( fn . 67 ) the common waste lay chiefly on morridge and covered 940 a . in 1839 when it was inclosed under an act of 1834 amended in 1836 . sir george crewe was awarded 48 a . as lord of the manor and 276 a . as impropriator of alstonefield rectory , and the inclosure commissioners sold him a further 332 a . ( fn . 68 ) sir george also acquired by exchange in 1839 the 207 a . which had been awarded in lieu of tithes to the vicar of alstonefield . ( fn . 69 )

of the 2 , 034 . 9 ha . of farmland returned for the civil parish in 1988 , grassland covered 1 , 609 . 6 ha . and there were 402 . 6 ha . of rough grazing . the farming was dairy and sheep , with 2 , 065 head of cattle and 7 , 438 sheep and lambs . one farm specialized in fattening pigs , of which there were 2 , 032 in the civil parish . of the 55 farms returned , 47 were under 50 ha . in size , 5 were between 50 and 99 ha . , and 3 were between 100 and 199 ha . ( fn . 70 )

what was called frith mill by 1404 ( fn . 71 ) almost certainly stood on the manifold in heathylee near longnor bridge : land called milne holme , with which the mill was held in the 16th century , lay in that area . ( fn . 72 ) in 1605 sir john harpur replaced it with a mill on a nearby site called longnor mill and powered by a cut from the manifold . ( fn . 73 ) shortly before 1770 longnor mill was rebuilt by a corn dealer and chapman , richard gould of brownhill , in warslow . gould became bankrupt in 1773 , and the mill may have fallen into disuse . ( fn . 74 ) it was working again by 1831 , when it was enlarged to include a bone mill . ( fn . 75 ) the mill was used for grinding corn until c . 1870 and for grinding bone until c . 1890 . by 1884 , and possibly by 1880 , the mill was also used as a saw mill , specializing in the manufacture of rakes . ( fn . 76 ) it remained a saw mill until it ceased working in the mid 1980s .

in 1401 richard strongarme took a year ' s lease of two coal mines and a forge at back brook and thomas smyth a year ' s lease of a vein of coal at black brook . in 1404 a smith named john toples took a lease for life of 140 ft . of coal at black brook . he seems to have worked the mine only until 1407 . about 1415 a mine was let for 12 years to robert of hulme . ( fn . 77 ) a mine in the blue hills area was being worked c . 1680 . ( fn . 78 ) in 1764 sir henry harpur let a mine at blue hills for 21 years to james and tobias mallors , stipulating 1 / 10 of the coal as rent . ( fn . 79 ) what was called the bluehills colliery in 1796 was then owned by the earl of macclesfield . it still existed in 1869 , when it was offered for lease . ( fn . 80 ) four miners lived in the blue hills area in 1871 , but only one in 1881 . ( fn . 81 )

the house north of broncott farm which became the new inn was occupied in 1786 by joseph billing , a stone cutter who presumably worked the quarry still open there in the early 19th century . ( fn . 82 ) several small quarries were opened along the longnor road later in the 19th century , and there were 3 stonemasons and 3 stone breakers in the township in 1861 and 2 masons in 1881 . ( fn . 83 ) in the later 1820s there was a brickyard east of heath house . ( fn . 84 )

in 1601 a button maker lived at stonieway , apparently near hardings booth . ( fn . 85 ) about 1680 a stream issuing from a mine at blue hills was used to dye button moulds , and poor people of that area were then said to be much employed in making buttons . ( fn . 86 ) it was common for women and girls in the township to work as button makers in the earlier 19th century , and some of them may have been involved in an attempt to establish a trade union in 1834 . ( fn . 87 ) only 6 women button makers were recorded in the township in 1841 , but there were 38 in 1851 and 42 in 1861 . only 5 were recorded in 1881 . ( fn . 88 )

in the later 1760s adam billing of boarsgrove , south - west of oakenclough hall , traded as a hawker , selling goods from manchester , possibly small wares , in the summer and fish in the winter . isaac belfield , who lived at barrow moor on the longnor road in 1772 , also seems to have been a dealer in small wares . ( fn . 89 )

heathylee was part of the forest tithing of alstonefield manor by the late 1390s and remained so in the earlier 1530s . ( fn . 90 ) by 1594 it shared a frankpledge with hollinsclough , the joint tithing sometimes being called high frith . ( fn . 91 ) that was still the arrangement in 1676 , but by 1697 heathylee had its own frankpledge , by then styled a headborough . ( fn . 92 ) there was a pinner for the joint tithing by 1596 . ( fn . 93 ) in the later 1820s there was a pinfold on the longnor road west of hardings booth . ( fn . 94 )

two surveyors of the highways for heathylee were appointed at the manor court apparently for the first time in 1601 . from 1602 there was normally only one . ( fn . 95 )

in the later 17th and earlier 18th century the poor of heathlyee , fawfieldhead , hollinsclough , and quarnford were maintained jointly . ( fn . 96 ) heathylee relieved its poor separately from 1733 . ( fn . 97 ) it became part of leek poor - law union in 1837 . ( fn . 98 )

in 1559 ralph gylmen of merril grove in heathylee bequeathed a lamb for ' god ' s service ' at longnor , probably an indication that he attended longnor church ; people from heathylee certainly did so by the late 17th century . ( fn . 99 ) from 1744 those living in the western part of the township attended the church built that year at flash , in quarnford , and in 1902 that part of heathylee was assigned to quarnford parish . ( fn . 100 ) by 1900 and at least until the later 1950s mission services were held in the schoolroom on the buxton road . ( fn . 101 )

a methodist society met at ridge head , the home of isaac billing on the longnor road , in the late 18th and early 19th century . ( fn . 102 ) it numbered 46 in 1803 but only 8 in 1819 , members presumably having moved to other societies in the area . ( fn . 103 ) in 1829 wesleyan methodist services were held fortnightly on sundays at hole carr and at upper hulme and once a month at ridge head . a sunday service was also held twice a month at hazel barrow and at newstone farm , where a meeting room or chapel had been added to the farmhouse apparently in 1816 . by 1832 sunday services were held three times a month at newstone and once a month elsewhere in the township . ( fn . 104 ) a chapel opened at upper hulme in 1837 had an evening congregation of 30 , besides sunday school children , on census sunday 1851 . ( fn . 105 ) services were still held at the chapel in 1994 . the average attendance at newstone in 1851 was between 50 and 60 adults . services were last held there in 1930 . ( fn . 106 )

a primitive methodist chapel opened in 1853 at ' morridge end ' was replaced c . 1880 by one on the buxton road north of morridge top farm . that chapel was closed in 1972 and was used in 1994 as a farm outbuilding . ( fn . 107 )

there was no school in the township in 1819 . ( fn . 108 ) in the earlier 1830s there were two day schools , with between 30 and 40 children who paid fees . there was also a sunday school in which 120 children were taught free . ( fn . 109 ) a wesleyan methodist sunday school at upper hulme had an attendance of 28 on census sunday 1851 . ( fn . 110 ) there was evidently a dame school in 1841 , when a schoolmistress lived in the township . a mistress was again recorded in 1851 , 1861 , and 1881 . ( fn . 111 )

a school board for heathylee was formed compulsorily in 1880 , and in 1884 a school was built on the buxton road south of the royal cottage . the cost was met by sir john harpur crewe . it became ramshaw council school in 1903 . ( fn . 112 ) the decision in 1930 that what was then an all - age school with 40 children on its books should become a junior school took effect in 1940 , the senior children being transferred to leek . ( fn . 113 ) ramshaw school was closed in 1970 , and the building was later converted into a house . ( fn . 114 )

by will of 1793 john robinson of fawside left half the interest on £196 9 s . 6 d . for the poor of heathylee and longnor . in 1972 the charity was administered jointly with others for longnor . ( fn . 115 )

1 . v . c . h . staffs . i . 327 . this article was written in 1994 .

2 . census , 1931 ; staffs . review order , 1934 , p . 63 and map 1 ( copy in s . r . o . ) .

3 . geol . surv . map 1 / 50 , 000 , drift , sheet 111 ( 1978 edn . ) ; soil surv . of eng . and wales , sheet 3 ( 1983 ) .

5 . v . c . h . staffs . i . 327 ; census , 1901 - 91 . the figures for the hurdlow area are taken from p . r . o . , ho 107 / 1005 ; ibid . rg 11 / 2740 .

8 . s . r . o . 5322 / 5 , no . 12 ; below , econ . hist . ( trade and ind . ) .

9 . d . r . o . , d . 2375m / 1 / 1 , 1st ct . 10 hen . vi ( as knachurche ) .

10 . ibid . d . 2375m / 53 / 8 , deed of feast of annunciation 16 edw . iv ; s . h . c . n . s . xi . 258 .

19 . d . r . o . , d . 2375m / 207 / 9 , specification for building oakenclough farmhouse , 1894 ; d . 2375m / 207 / 19 , tenders for building farmhouses , 1896 .

25 . ibid . ct . of 1 and 2 hen . v ( as holehouse ) . hole carr in 1568 : ibid . d . 2375m / 55 / 1 , rental of 1568 .

32 . plot , staffs . 98 ; below , econ . hist . ( trade and ind . ) .

36 . plot , staffs . 44 , 291 ; poetical works of robert southey ( 1838 ) , vi . 1 - 9 .

39 . ibid . d . 2375m / 163 / 15 ; t . n . s . f . c . lxxiii . 121 ; below , leek : leek and lowe , general hist . ( 18th cent . ) . another story named charles i : reliquary , v . 134 .

42 . s . r . o . , d . 3359 / buxton rd . order bk . 1765 - 1800 , 30 june 1775 ; below , quarnford , intro .

44 . buxton rd . acct . bk . 1809 - 60 , acct . 4 aug . 1842 ( in possession of mr . r . stones of malpas , ches . , 1994 ) .

45 . s . r . o . , d . 3359 / leek , buxton , and monyash turnpike trust acct . bk . 1861 - 76 .

46 . leek libr . , newspaper cuttings 1954 - 7 , p . 46 .

47 . s . h . c . 4th ser . iii . 110 . the new route is not shown on a map of longnor made in the earlier 1770s , but it had been laid out by 1775 : d . r . o . , d . 2375m / 161 / 3 ; above , fig . 2 .

48 . s . r . o . , d . 5131 / 3 / 8 / 13 ; greenwood , map of county of stafford .

53 . rep . chief registrar of friendly socs . 1876 , app . p , h . c . 429 - i , p . 410 ( 1877 ) , lxxvii ; staffs . advertiser , 18 june 1853 , p . 4 ; below , econ . hist . ( trade and ind . ) .

54 . ' diary of john plant of hazelwood , 1849 - 53 ' , entry for 1 oct . 1850 ( ts . in w . s . l . ) .

55 . d . r . o . , d . 2375m / 110 / 32 , copy of inq . p . m . of nic . de audley , 1299 ( as bromekote ) .

69 . d . r . o . , d . 2375m / 282 / 5 ( 1 ) , exchange of glebe land .

75 . ibid . d . 2375m / 93 / 12 , notification of 12 sept . 1831 .

76 . p . o . dir . staffs . ( 1868 ; s . v . longnor ) ; kelly ' s dir . staffs . ( 1880 and later edns . to 1900 ; s . v . longnor ) .

77 . d . r . o . , d . 2375m / 1 / 1 , cts . of 6 and 14 hen . iv and ct . of 2 and 3 hen . v ; d . 2375m / 1 / 6 , ct . of thurs . before christmas 2 hen . iv .

80 . ibid . d . 2375m / 110 / 32 , geo . greaves to rob . greaves ; staffs . advertiser , 7 aug . 1869 , p . 8 .

82 . d . r . o . , d . 2375m / 64 / 9 , deeds of 16 may 1786 ( as billings ) , 2 may 1846 ( as billing ) ; j . farey , gen . view of agric . and minerals of derb . ( 1811 ) , i . 417 .

87 . below , quarnford , econ . hist . ( trade and ind . ) .

89 . s . r . o . , d . 3359 / condlyffe , brief in case billing v . morris , 1766 , and letter from john harmar to wm . condlyffe , 27 july 1772 .

90 . above , alstonefield , par . intro . ( manorial govt . ) .

99 . l . j . r . o . , b / c / 11 , ralph gylmen ( 1559 ) ; below , longnor , church .

101 . lich . dioc . ch . cal . ( 1900 ) , 115 ; ( 1957 ) , 129 ; alstonfield deanery mag . lxiv ( 10 ) .

102 . dyson , wesleyan methodism , 71 - 2 ; d . r . o . , d . 2375m / 70 / 5 , heathylee , p . 4 .

105 . p . r . o . , ho 129 / 372 / 4 / 1 ; date stone on building .

108 . d . r . o . , d . 2375m / 87 / 19 , acct . of schs . in alstonefield par . 1819 .

html public " - / / w3c / / dtd xhtml 1 . 0 strict / / en " " urltoken "

also deterrent . yes i know about the murder rate in usa . . . something to do with their gun culture , maybe ?

life ( meaning life ) in prison would stop a person reoffending and there is no evidence to suggest this or any other state sanctioned murder has acted as a deterrent . the fact that the chance of being caught and put on death row is so remote would agree with this .

the fact that the chance of being caught and put on death row is so remote would agree with this .

so , following this logic , if the death penalty was made more likely , it would be a better deterrent .

we must stop yielding to threats from gangs of criminals . if they put someone in hospital we should put a gang member in the morgue .

which is exactly the same mentality that the gangs operate under . the bloods & cripps are waiting for your call .

but the victims are always going to be dead . why is one murder worse than another ?

two is more than one . one more is one more . got it ?

[ quote = wiggy001 the fact that the chance of being caught and put on death row is so remote would agree with this .


larks are passerine birds of the family alaudidae .

all species occur in the old world , and in northern and eastern australia .

only one , the horned lark , is also found in north america .

habitats vary widely , but many species live in dry regions .

lark

lark <EOT> treat erlanger ' s lark as a subspecies of blanford ' s lark ( stervander et al . 2016 )

english : hoopoe lark , bifasciated lark ; french : sirli du désert ; german : wüstenläuferlerche ; spanish : alondra ibis .

the heteromirafra larks : rudd’s lark h . ruddi , sidamo ( liben ) lark  h . sidamoensis ( includes archer’s lark h . archeri , with which it is now lumped ) .

the lark in the morning sunshine symbolizes the human drive for happiness . to mystic theologians the lark’s song symbolizes pure and happy prayer rising before god’s throne .

thekla lark comprises several possible species , e . g . east african populations (

‘hey , maybe i ' m getting the hang of this interview lark . ’

though you go to bed with the nightingale , you rise with the lark .

rather a lark i might have thought it but for the false military title .

) . up to 90 percent of lark nests may be lost to predators .

at clinically critical times , our lark coach will connect members with your clinical staff .

‘designing the baddies and weapons for the next big game - what a lark . ’

‘in rarefied locations in the city , foreigners ride the rickshaw for a lark . ’

‘let ' s have it in live action - none of this animation lark . ’

‘and the rest of the lads lark about and laugh at a misshapen nude . ’

and now their voices seemed to them as clear as the notes of a lark .

lark tattoos usually embody colourful elements to play up the cheerful associations of the bird .

a chance encounter in a local pet store changed lark huska ' s life forever .

accept recommendation by redman et al . to use shorter name of blanford ' s lark for

is a proposed split from blanford ' s lark ( stervander et al 2016 ) . includes

‘out of sight a bird called , an early arrival , perhaps a horned lark . ’

‘we strode towards the small plane , with the cameraman encouraging us to lark around . ’

receive our e - mail newsletter for the latest news from lark and chef john sundstrom .

moreover , what was so real for her was only too plainly a lark for him .

english : black - crowned finch - lark , pallid finch - lark ; french : moinelette à frout - blanc ; german : weißstirnlerche ; spanish : aloudra gottión de corouna negra .

lark sparrows expanded their range eastward with forest clearing , but are diminishing there with reforestation .

the male lark sparrow’s courtship display includes tail fanning to reveal his white outer tail feathers .

the horned lark’s nest is depression in the ground lined with grass and other fine materials .

lark huska , 15 , and her mother alexandra macqueen . ( paul borkwood / cbc )

the lark is a very popular animal , appearing in literature , song , mythology , and even religion . though we write of the lark very often , the only true north american lark is the horned lark , which is named for its black stripes beneath its eyes . the meadowlark also inhabits north america , though technically , the meadowlark is more closely related to the starling . this doesn’t stop us from relating the meadowlark to the true lark , however .

no one who works on a morning newspaper ever takes advantage of the lark ' s example .

and korea . in southern france and north africa east of libya , sympatric with thekla lark .

dickcissel dickcissels do not have " horns " or the black facial marking of the horned lark .

designed with harvard and stanford health experts , our lark coaches are trained to deliver clinically validated curriculum .

" lark is a chronic care platform , not single - disease , and device - centric . "

‘otherwise , it ' s decent for a lark when rented for a one - night spin . ’

the magpie - lark is a common bird with many different names . it is also called a peewee , peewit , mudlark or little magpie . its name magpie - lark is also confusing because it is neither a magpie nor a lark . it is more closely related to monarchs , fantails and drongos .

lark is super sweet and cuddly . good with dogs and other cats / kittens . ( * )

larks are symbolic of merriment as the lark sang hymns at the gates of heaven ; the lark was the bird that announced the coming of the day . because of the bird ' s boundless energy , it is said the lark is also the symbol of hope , happiness , and of good fortune ; creativity

‘i was up with the lark , too excited at the prospect of seeing my team to sleep . ’

‘‘we ' ve seduced people into giving us $ 300 million for a lark , ’ he says . ’

‘it all seems so simple from this perspective . i could get used to this evil genius lark . ’

‘i didn ' t lark about or anything but failed to treat my duties with the seriousness required . ’

the name magpie - lark is quite misleading , as the species has no link with either the magpies or the larks . however , the magpie - lark is sometimes confused with the australian magpie , gymnorhina tibicen . while both species are black and white , the magpie - lark is noticeably smaller than the australian magpie .

ing us feel welcome . made us feel part of the lark family . big thank you to you all

the lark has received a rating of 5 . 0 out of 5 in 34 traveler reviews on tripadvisor .

desert lark comprises at least 4 divergent mtdna lineages that require study and revision ( alström et al . 2013 )

lark helps you identify individuals in your population who have each the chronic condition using eligibility files or claims data .

used in names of birds of other families that are similar to the lark , e . g . meadowlark .

a new edition of the lark cookbook has been released ! now with a softcover and an additional chapter devoted to recipes for the home pantry , the cookbook is available for purchase at the lark store or your favorite bookseller .

english : short - toed lark ; french : alouette calandrelle ; german : kurzzehenlerche ; spanish : terrera grande .

english : shore lark ; french : alouette hausse - col ; german : ohrenlerche ; spanish : alauda cornuda .

the shape of a lark’s bill is adapted to its diet and feeding technique . for example , hoopoe larks (

beason , r . 1995 . horned lark ( eremophila alpestris ) . a poole , f gill , eds .

to cape clapper lark and range to " sw namibia , w , sc , s . africa " with split of

‘it ' s basically a working - class mindset , he said : ‘this showbiz lark can ' t last . ’’

english : clotbey lark ; french : alouette de clotbey ; german : knackerlerche ; spanish : alondra de pico grueso .

riley , steve . " crested lark using ' anvil ' . " british birds 82 ( 1989 ) : 30–31 .

using chemicals and pesticides in your garden because if a magpie - lark eats a poisoned insect it could get sick .

it was three years ago that a routine trip to the pet store would change lark huska ' s life forever .

as a child , cosette becomes known in her neighborhood as " the lark , " but not for the reasons you might think ( like freedom and beauty ) . in cosette ' s case , " the lark " refers to the fact that , like a lark , she always gets up earlier in the morning than everyone else . as the book says :

‘in the national championships that year , she participated for a lark and won the silver in the rifle prone event . ’

english : long - billed lark ; french : alouette à long bec ; german : langschnabellerche ; spanish : alondra picuda .

family ( order passeriformes ) . larks occur throughout the continental old world ; only the horned , or shore , lark (

lark designs are also symbolic of femininity . through the bird ' s distinct crescent on its chest , mankind has been linked with the lark with the phases of the moon - one of the ultimate natural symbols of womanhood . the lark ' s well - defined family structure and seeming devotion to its relatives had made it a totem of family and love as well .

there’s no risk in offering it to everyone : we only charge when your members enroll in lark and achieve great health outcomes .

‘i ' d had my lactate levels tested earlier in the year in connecticut , going along with friends for a lark . ’

view image of a magpie - lark ( grallina cyanoleuca ) lifts its wings ( credit : david tipling / naturepl . com )

the lark that shuns on lofty boughs to build , her humble nest lies silent in the field . what does this mean ?

is split from crested lark ( guillaumet et al . 2006 , 2008 ; alström et al . 2013 ) . correct species name is

unlimited , 24 / 7 , real - time help . a dedicated lark coach will respond within 2 seconds when members need support most

‘while i was out in the desert i watched a crested lark hovering about 100 feet off the ground singing its heart out . ’

ryan , peter g . , ian hood , paulette bloomer , joris komen , and timothy m . crowe . " barlow ' s lark : a new species in the karoo lark certhilauda albescens complex of southwest africa . " ibis 140 ( 1998 ) : 605–619 .

is that a lark i hear ? a nightingale ? surprise ! it ' s a bat : krulwich wonders . . . : npr

‘the new parents i know got about four hours ' sleep a night for a while and they are still up with the lark . ’

‘at the now locked gates he meets twins isabelle and theo , who promptly invite him home to meet their parents for a lark . ’

chipping sparrow the chipping sparrow has a rusty crown but different face pattern , also lacks the white outer tail feathers of the lark sparrow .

cornell laboratory of ornithology , 2001 . " horned lark " ( on - line ) . accessed 01 / 08 / 04 at urltoken .

place some clean , fresh water in the garden for the magpie - lark to drink and use for making mud to build its nest .

despite the fact that only one member of the lark family is native to north america , larks have a prominent place in tribal culture .

the lark is a symbol of the humility of the priesthood , because this bird flies high and sings only when in flight towards heaven .

‘many , in times past , closely observed the movements of the bog lark , a bird you don ' t see that much nowadays . ’

what made you want to look up lark ? please tell us where you read or heard it ( including the quote , if possible ) .

slab sandwiches is located just around the corner from lark , at 1201 10th ave . slab is open 10 - 3 , monday - friday .

variety of habitats , mainly open areas with sparse vegetation , also cultivated land and other man - made semideserts such as railways , airfields , and wastelands . where it co - occurs with the thekla lark , the crested lark occupies the plains , the thekla inhabits rocky and bushy slopes .

the horned lark’s typical call , most often heard in fall and winter , is a high , piercing one - or two - note chip .

the situation is critical for the raso lark ( alauda razae ) and rudd ' s lark . the former species is endemic to the uninhabited islet of raso ( cape verde islands ) , and its population is very small ( 92 birds counted in 1998 ) . accidentally introduced predators are therefore a serious threat to eggs and nestlings . a rapid population decline of rudd ' s lark could be prevented by protecting its breeding range in south africa .

‘when the children were small i ' d be up with the lark ; a cooked breakfast was on the table by 7 . 30 am . ’

‘pet owners who get up with the lark to walk their dogs in a country park are fuming after penalty notices were slapped on their cars . ’

‘he soon became a cornucopia of trivia , and one day decided to have a shot at creating his own puzzle , just for a lark . ’

close your curtains or put something in front of your windows to prevent the magpie - lark from seeing its own reflection and trying to attack it .

‘their story plays like some merry old folk tale , about a few lads off on a summertime lark that turned into a life - transforming adventure . ’

‘the consensus was that there had to be something in this astrology lark , and what did i know , i ' m only an astronomy graduate . ’

‘just as she was getting the hang of this monarchy lark , along comes another embarrassing chain of events to sink its teeth into the royal posterior . ’

nova scotia museum of natural history website , 1998 . " horned lark " ( on - line ) . accessed 01 / 08 / 04 at urltoken .

many larks satisfy their thirst and maintain body weight by drinking dew when water is not available . various species , including the black , desert , gray ' s , and stark ' s lark , as well as the black - crowned and black - eared sparrow - lark , drink brackish or even salty water .

my boyfriend , dog , and i had a wonderful time staying in the lark . we loved the quiet neighborhood , its proximity to so many great sights , and the relaxing nature of the apartment itself . watching the sun set over the bay from the deck every night was our favorite part . the lark …

‘apparently some of the stages will be near by ( in portmore ) , who knows , maybe i ' ll go and watch them for a lark . ’

the lark sparrow’s nest is a cup of grasses and twigs and is lined with finer materials . it is placed on the ground or in a low shrub .

regardless of where life ' s journey takes you , the presence of the lark is a sign that only the best will be bestowed on you and yours .

of the horned lark ( eremophila alpestris ) and temminck ' s lark ( e . bilopha ) possess a contrasting colored pattern of breast and head , and they have tiny elongated feathers above their eyes that form conspicuous horns . however , the breeding plumage of the male black lark ( melanocorypha yeltoniensis ) is entirely black . the males of the seven known sparrow - larks ( eremopterix ) have black underparts and a species - specific black - and - white pattern on their head . only the male black - eared sparrow - lark ( e . australis ) is totally black - headed ; females of all these species are colored as larks in general .

with imitations of other bird songs and calls . because of this behavior , the mongolian lark ( melanocorypha mongolica ) is called " hundred melodies " in china and is a favored cage bird in east asia . the latakoo or melodious lark ( mirafra cheniana ) is known to imitate 57 different bird species—even ducks , guineafowl , and bee - eaters—and single males can be distinguished by the set of birds they imitate . some species , such as the crested lark , may even imitate human whistling .

drive your strategic objectives forward by successfully transitioning towards value - based care . use lark to provide scalable , 24 / 7 health monitoring for all chronic condition patients .

only pay for members who use lark . our pempm costs save clients 80 % and allow our partners to offer a new level of service to every valued member .

‘but from now on i ' m up with the lark and out muck - spreading or doing whatever ' s needed to keep the farm ticking over properly . ’

‘this beauty lark is bloody hard work and i am profoundly grateful that most of the time i throw on slightly soiled clothes and schlep into the printroom makeupless . ’

to call their mate or establish territory from – tree . post , wire , etc . other birds the live in grasslands like the horned lark or bobolink have a

the magpie - lark is distinctively marked in black and white . the thin whitish bill and pale iris separate it from other similarly coloured species . the adult male magpie - lark has a white eyebrow and black face , while the female has an all - white face with no white eyebrow . young birds have a black forehead , a white eyebrow and a white throat . the magpie - lark is often referred to as a peewee or pee wee , after the sound of its distinctive calls .

do you have more specific information about the location of lark’s pet sitting ? why didn ' t you say so ? you can improve yelp by sharing it here .

the gauls regarded the lark as a sacred bird and throughout the long history of french folklore it has remained a bird of good omen , sometimes even used in charms . ' whoever carries about his or her person real lark’s legs or models of them cannot be harrassed ; this charm will overcome the forces of man and nature alike’ .

losing weight is easier when you have a trusted pal to provide encouragement and valuable pointers . lark is a fantastic virtual companion that chats with you like a friend , offering a clear look at your activity levels , meal choices , and even sleep patterns . there’s no calorie - counting here—just use plain language to tell lark what you ate and how much you exercised , and it’ll let you know if you’re on the right track to weight - loss success . smart , supportive , and nonjudgmental—we need more friends like lark .

‘hordes of participants are expected to turn up for this fun event , from business teams to school teams , and sporting enthusiasts to those just taking part for a lark . ’

‘i sometimes think i ' m not cut out for this whole technology lark , and today my faith in that belief has swung wildly from one extreme to the other . ’

larks are characteristic birds of the open landscapes like grasslands , steppes , stony plains , and heaths . most larks prefer areas with sparse vegetation . some species , including the wood lark and flapped lark ( mirafra rufocinnamomea ) , depend on a mixture of vegetation types within the same habitat , such as grasses for nest - building and scattered bushes and small

want to feature your creature ? upload a photo of your pet at the lark ! you can also share by using the hashtag # bringfido on facebook , twitter or instagram .

ryan , peter g . , and paulette bloomer . " the long - billed lark complex : a species mosaic in southwestern africa . " auk 116 ( 1999 ) : 194–208 .

a lark tattoo is a great way to show off your sweet , cheerful disposition and lets the world know that , despite the difficulties , you see the sunnier side of life .

photographer alkan emin shoots photos of 15 - year - old toronto model lark huska , who he discovered in a local pet store three years ago . ( paul borkwood / cbc )

‘the researchers believe that an increase in agricultural land , forest plantations and roads has fragmented the arid steppe habitat , preventing the dupont ' s lark from sharing songs over greater distances . ’

larks appear in mythology as a symbol of cheerfulness . the appearance of a lark also represents daybreak in many stories . for example , there is a passage in shakespeare ' s romeo and juliet in which juliet tries to convince romeo that the lark singing outside is a nightingale because she doesn ' t want him to leave . larks are also often shown as messengers . in

many current solutions for chronic conditions are tied up to proprietary devices or other expensive networks , with individual devices for different conditions . instead , use lark and turn up the engagement and savings .

‘the trouble with this sobriety lark , which i embarked upon at the start of the year , is that i find my critical facilities have been restored after some 30 years ' suspension . ’

eremophila alpestris occasionally acts as a host for parasitic cowbirds . eremophila alpestris young suffer from cowbird parasitism because the parents neglect them to take care of the cowbird young . cowbirds lay eggs in the nests of eremophila alpestris , and when they hatch , the horned lark parents care for them , which takes away from the care of their own eggs . as a result , the cowbird chicks thrive and the eremophila alpestris chicks suffer . cowbird chicks are much larger than horned lark chicks which enables them to devour all the food the parents bring before the lark chicks get the chance .

" duets can be so precisely coordinated that partners sound like a single bird , " says behavioural ecologist paweł ręk of the australian national university in canberra , who studies magpie - lark displays .

the magpie - lark is mostly ground - dwelling , and is usually seen slowly searching on the ground for a variety of insects and their larvae , as well as earthworms and freshwater invertebrates .

7 . 1–7 . 5 in ( 18–19 cm ) ; male 0 . 9–1 . 9 oz ( 27–55 g ) ; female 0 . 6–1 . 7 oz ( 17–47 g ) . extensively streaked brown plumage , crown feathers can be raised to a short crest ; bill stronger than bill of wood lark ; sexes alike . most common lark species within its western palearctic part of distribution .

she was known locally as l ' alouette , the lark . the village people , with instinctive symbolism , had thought it a suitable name for the apprehensive , trembling little creature , scarcely more than a bird , who was always first up in that house and out of doors before dawn . but this was a lark that never sang . ( 1 . 4 . 3 . 15 )

17–18 cm ; c . 32–47 g . medium sized , densely streaked , relatively long - legged lark with long neck , long slender bill with distal half decurved , rather short wings . . .

in mainly insectivorous larks , the male is larger and has a longer bill than the female . this is most conspicuous in the greater hoopoe , the long - billed lark , and their relatives , which use their slender and decurved bills for digging in the ground in search of insect larvae . sexual dimorphism in bill and body size also occurs in the bar - tailed lark ( ammomanes cincturus ) and gray ' s lark ( a . grayi ) , which feed mainly on seeds . such differences in size enable both sexes of the same species to exploit different food resources within the same habitat .

‘i appear to be fairly gainfully self employed in the website design lark , at least for a bit , and while that ' s great it doesn ' t exactly make for good weblog fodder . ’

keep leaf litter and mulch around your garden as magpie - larks will collect some of it to build their nests , and it will also attract insects and lizards for the magpie - lark to eat .

immerse yourself in the diverse nature of the outer banks at the lark , a stylish , affordable vacation condo at milepost 7 . 5 . during your vacation you ' ll live like the locals do , surrounded by serene live oaks , white egrets , spanish moss and breathtaking sunsets on the sound . the lark feels secluded while only one mile from the beach near all the outer banks ' favorite attractions .

lark sparrows breed across much of the western two - thirds of the u . s . they winter across parts of the southwestern u . s . and mexico . the population has declined in recent decades .

their mate . when a magpie - lark finds a mate , they usually pair for life , defend their territory together and stay in the same area together throughout the year if there is enough food around .

mythology , larks are the messengers of itokaga , god of the south wind . the meadowlark is a symbol of beauty , fertility , marriage , and fidelity . some artists used the lark to symbolize jesus . these birds also have a crescent moon shape on it ' s breast . quite lucky for neo - pagans . it ' s lunar symbol makes the lark a symbol of inner discoveries and the concept of self .

‘call me dim but i would have thought that there wasn ' t too much to learning how to master this silence lark ; it ' s not like studying wittgenstein , even for people who wear trainers . ’

the name lark is also given , chiefly because of habitat , to several birds belonging to other families . see meadowlark ; songlark . for fieldlark , or titlark , see pipit . for mudlark , see grallinidae .

) exhibit deep genetic divergences among themselves and from mediterranean populations ( guillaumet et al . 2008 ) . correct english name to thekla ' s lark which refers to the daughter of the german ornithologist brehm ( hbw alive )

‘and then , when i got there , still without seeing the meadow lark , there was a verdant patch of wild valerian basking in the sun and another corner with another patch of sunlight a little further on . ’

‘never fear , we ' ll all be living until 112 shortly , and it ' s very likely that half those grey heads we observe are really teenagers who borrowed their grannie ' s wig for a lark . ’

‘anyone passing through who wants to leave some remarks in the comments , please feel free . only if it ' s to tell me what a cack - handed job i ' m making of this liveblogging lark . ’

ratcliffe , norman , luis r . monteiro , and cornelis j . hazevoet . " status of raso lark alauda razae with notes on threats and foraging behaviour . " bird conservation international 9 ( 1999 ) : 43–46 .

, they are seen as messengers of the god of the south wind god , itokaga , who brings life , light , and warmth to the world . in christianity , the lark has come to represent jesus christ .

it looks like we don ' t have a specific address for lark’s pet sitting , which makes giving directions tricky . this business might not have an official storefront , or it might move to multiple locations throughout the day .

smaller than males . bill very long , slender , and slightly decurved . plumage sand - colored above , underside white , throat and breast with dark spots , similar in both sexes . wings long and broad with conspicuous black - and - white pattern , comparable to that of african subspecies of hoopoe ( upupa epops ) . this lark was first described as a hoopoe , and its original scientific name means " hoopoe with legs of a lark . "

in all larks , both sexes feed the chicks and eat or remove their feces . after eight to 13 days , before they are able to fly , lark chicks leave the nest , still supplied with food by their parents . if the female starts a second brood , the male cares for the young alone . steyn observed cooperative breeding in the spike - heeled lark ( chersomanes albofasciata ) ; three adults fed two chicks in one nest in the karoo .

7 . 1–7 . 9 in ( 18–20 cm ) ; male 1 . 4–1 . 8 oz ( 39–51 g ) ; female 1 . 1–1 . 6 oz ( 30–47 g ) ; one of the largest lark species , females

when magpie - lark couples duet , one of them produces a short " pee - wee " - type call , which is then swiftly followed by a " wit " reply . this performance can go on for several seconds .

to build its nest , the magpie - lark gathers plant fibres and uses mud like mortar to plaster everything together . it then lines the nest with soft grass , tufts of fur , feathers or any other cosy material it can get its beak on . nests are commonly on firm horizontal branches . it lays 3 - 5 eggs . depending on conditions , breeding is usually from august to february , and the magpie - lark lays 3 - 5 eggs .

larks have a crescent shape across their breasts . the crescent shape often signifies lunar qualities , and the moon is often linked with the concept of self . therefore the lark reflects the inward journey that’s often associated with self - discovery . this goes hand in hand with their singing , something that , for humans , is often considered a private activity and a deep reflection of inner self . lark encourages us to explore our inner selves and sing out loud .

‘anyone who engages in this utterly ridiculous weblog lark will have experienced those moments where you suddenly get an urge to put your latest words and thoughts online , despite the fact that you ' ve had a few too many drinks . ’

the lark was a great place to stay for our first vacation to the obx . great value for the space and location . it ' s a 2nd floor apartment in a quiet , family - friendly neighborhood . would definitely recommend !

lark flight , feeding , threat and display calls are quite simple , however , their territorial song is very elaborate . in addition to communicating through song , larks will raise the crest of feathers in their head during agonistic and courtship displays .

this name seems more like a boy name to me too , maybe because of the other meaning of the word " lark " , or because it seems surname - y . or because it ' s a bit like mark . . .

the avifauna of the succulent karoo includes about 226 species , one of which , barlow’s lark ( certhilauda barlowi ) , is endemic . other species in the region include the black harrier ( circus maurus , vulnerable status ) , which has the most restricted range of the world’s 13 harrier species , karoo bustard ( eupodotis vigorsii ) , ludwig’s bustard ( neotis ludwigii ) , karoo chat ( cercomela schlegelii ) , dune lark ( c . erythrochlamys ) , and dusky sunbird ( nectarinia fusca ) .

lark has been watching our cat for over a year and she has been amazing . we travel quite frequently and we have always had an easy time coordinating with her . her rates are very fair and she spends a good amount of time at the house each day . lark is always happy to send my wife the photos she needs when she is away from the cat ! it is so great to be able to leave our cat and our home in such kind and capable hands .

larks primarily live in the old world . fifty - seven percent of lark species are found in africa , 19 percent in africa and eurasia , 16 percent in asia , 6 percent in eurasia and 1 percent in the new world . horned larks (

beason , robert c . 1995 . horned lark ( eremophila alpestris ) , version 2 . 0 . in the birds of north america ( p . g . rodewald , editor ) . cornell lab of ornithology , ithaca , new york , usa .

‘the dvd comes in a huge box that ' s about twice the size of any dvd set you could name ( overcompensating perhaps ? ) and it ' s got quite a few extras that might even entice prudes to buy it for a lark . ’

the lark is pet friendly ! they accept up to three pets of any size for a fee of $ 65 per stay . they provide a large dog bed , and bowls . there are pet clean up bags outside the building , and walking trails close by .

larks inhabit extreme regions such as deserts , semideserts , and arctic tundras , and areas varying in altitude from about sea level to high mountains . the horned lark , for example , breeds at 14 , 750 ft ( 4 , 500 m ) in the rocky mountains , and the skylark and tibetan lark ( melanocorypha maxima ) breed at 14 , 450 ft ( 4 , 400 m ) and 15 , 100 ft ( 4 , 600 m ) in the himalayas , respectively . generally , such extreme habitats are left after the breeding season .

the magpie - lark ' s mud nest seems to link it closely with the mud - nest builders of the family corcoracidae , the white - winged chough , and the apostlebird . but it actually belongs in the family dicruridae ( monarchs , fantails , and drongos ) .

listen out for the magpie - lark calling ' peewee , peewee ' or ' doodit doodit ' . peewee mates sing complicated duets - one sings ' peewee ' and its partner responds ' wit ! ' - and they both raise their wings above their heads as they call .

is that a lark i hear ? a nightingale ? surprise ! it ' s a bat : krulwich wonders . . . there are animals famous for their songs . whales sing . birds sing . we humans have aretha , elvis , ray charles , pavarotti . but bats — who knew ?

often used the image of the lark to symbolize a dawning of new opportunities in their literary pieces . ever since the earliest days of old world europe , these birds were seen as messengers that bring hope and prosperity , and this idea has crossed over into many aspects of the new world .

they are one of the few birds that can simultaneously sing and fly , as such , they are amongst the most beloved of the avian species . a lark is a sign of fortune and family , as such , many artists will incorporate elements that draw heavy reference to both these teams .

5 . 1–5 . 5 in ( 13–14 cm ) ; male 0 . 7–1 . 0 oz ( 21–28 g ) ; female 0 . 6–0 . 9 oz ( 17–26 g ) . small lark with dull , cryptic plumage , no streaks on chest . bill short and finchlike . sexes alike .

magpie - lark males and females are similar from a distance but easy to tell apart closer up . female have a white throat and males have black throats and black eye - stripes . juveniles of both sex have the white throat of the female and the black eye - stripe of the male .

its habit of rising swiftly heavenwards and as rapidly falling to earth might make the lark a symbol of the evolution and involution of manifestation . passing successively from earth to heaven and from heaven to earth , it links together the two poles of existence and acts as an intermediary . thus the lark stands for the marriage of heaven and earth since it flies high up into the sky and nests at ground level among scraps of dried grass . its flight into the bright dawn light suggests youthful enthusiasm , ardour and happiness in being alive . by contrast with the nightingale , its song is a song of joy .

the lark is in an excellent location for people who want to enjoy the beach and everything else the obx has to offer . great walking path to the wright brothers memorial too . i recommend it for people who just need a place to chill in the evenings after long beach days : ) thanks l…

diet : the horned lark eats primarily seeds of grasses and forbs as well as insects , although it is also known to consume spiders and snails . these larks forage by gleaning food as they walk along the ground in their shuffling gate . in winter , these birds feed in freshly manured fields in agricultural areas .

the lark sparrow’s most distinctive feature is its face pattern , with a reddish crown and cheek patch , gray supercilium , black line in front of and behind the eye , and a black malar stripe . it has grayish - white underparts with a black central breast spot . in flight , white outer tail feathers are visible .

we loved the lark ! it ' s in a nice , quiet , convienient neighborhood . beach access , mini golf , parks , restaurants and shops are all just a short drive away . we loved the screened in back balcony . the beds were comfy and everything was clean . the sound machines in the bedrooms were …

lark has never been a popular name in the united states . the only real - life namesake is actress lark voorhies , who is most well known for her work in the television show saved by the bell . however , i ' ve seen it used as a middle name . middle names are not recorded in social security baby name lists , so i have no way of knowing how often it ' s used . but i can see it appealing to the many people who like rose as a middle name . since it has yet to really be claimed by either gender , i still think you could get away with using it on a boy .

chef john sundstrom’s menu features locally - produced and organic cheese , charcuterie , vegetables , grains , fish , and meats , all prepared in season . we work with local artisans , farmers , and foragers to serve the best of each season . watch the season of mist video to see what to expect at lark right now .

unlike any other program , we’re able to offer every member unlimited 1 - on - 1 support from their personal lark coach , thanks to cutting edge a . i . and health monitoring technology . we deliver evidence - based care in an award - winning experience that evolves with data & interactions , making it infinitely more intelligent & effective .

working late into the night , eve had gotten bored and ( she had to admit ) a little stir crazy . she pulled up the bank’s source code . on a lark , she entered the reset command . then she executed it , just to see what would happen , because boredom is the bad - influence - friend of stupidity .

guillaumet , alban ; pons , jean - marc ; godelle , bernard ; crochet , pierre - andre ( 2006 ) . " history of the crested lark in the mediterranean region as revealed by mtdna sequences and morphology " . molecular phylogenetics and evolution 39 ( 3 ) : 645–56 . doi : 10 . 1016 / j . ympev . 2006 . 01 . 002 .

the horned lark has sandy brown upperparts , a white belly , a yellow throat and black bib , and a black patch below each eye . it also has two small black tufts , or “horns” that are not always visible . different subspecies vary somewhat in the coloration of the throat and upperparts . in flight , horned larks show mostly black tails with narrow white edgings .

at the same time in the northern hemisphere , the bering land bridge , the continental shelf between siberia and alaska , was exposed . the horned lark spread from asia into north america along this land bridge . its recent breeding range in north america reaches from northern alaska to the gulf of mexico , and a separated population established itself on the andean slopes of bogotá , colombia .

most larks swallow whole seeds , which are crushed in their stomach using grit . indigestible remains are ejected as small pellets . larks in the genera calandrella , eremopterix , and melanocorypha de - husk seeds in a finchlike manner , fixing the grain between the tongue and palatine and breaking it up . crested larks , wood larks , and skylarks remove husks from seeds by beating them against the ground . they use the same technique for removing the legs and wings of large insects . like the song thrush ( turdus philomelos ) , greater hoopoe larks crack the shells of snails using stones like an anvil . the same behavior was observed once in the crested lark in morocco , but never in central europe . the greater hoopoe lark also frequently drops snails onto stones until their shells break .

monogamous . only lark species building nests frequently on top of low shrubs , up to 24 in ( 60 cm ) above ground . also building cup - shaped nests on ground . two to four eggs incubated by female for about 14 days . both parents feed young , which leave nest after 12–13 days , before being able to fly . young remain for at least one month with parents .

the female horned lark selects a nest site on bare ground , apparently with no help from her mate . she either chooses a natural depression in which to build the nest or excavates the site herself , a process that can take a couple of days . to dig a cavity , she uses her bill to loosen soil and flip it aside , sometimes also kicking dirt out with her feet .

" when i turned the models on , a female magpie - lark came along together with a group of other birds , mainly noisy miners and australian magpies , and they all together attacked my birds , " says ręk . " a fight ensued and my models tumbled down , two wings came off and were stolen by magpies . i didn ' t know whether to laugh or to cry . "

6 . 7 in ( 17 cm ) ; male 1 . 3–1 . 8 oz ( 37–52 g ) ; female 1 . 3–1 . 7 oz ( 37–48 g ) ; not as large as skylark , more robust , with stronger bill and longer crest . uniformly dull - colored plumage , upper - parts and breast heavily streaked , sexes alike . very similar to thekla lark , its sibling species .

the colonization of australia by the australasian bushlark ( mirafra javanica ) and of north america by the horned lark happened in the pleistocene at the latest . during pleistocene glacial periods , sea level was much lower than today . sumatra , kalimantan , and java ( sunda shelf ) were therefore part of asiatic mainland , and new guinea was connected to north australia via the torres land bridge , forming the dispersal route of the australasian bushlark .

song is performed during aerial song - displays while males circle about their territories . some species rise almost vertically from ground or perch and ascend up to 330 ft ( 100 m ) or more before gliding or dropping with closed wings back to the ground . continual hovering and singing is characteristic for the skylark . several lark species frequently utter their songs from the ground and elevated perches such as stones , tops of bushes , or trees .

de juana , e . & suárez , f . ( 2018 ) . dupont ' s lark ( chersophilus duponti ) . in : del hoyo , j . , elliott , a . , sargatal , j . , christie , d . a . & de juana , e . ( eds . ) . handbook of the birds of the world alive . lynx edicions , barcelona . ( retrieved from urltoken on 9 july 2018 ) .

larks are of african origin , and that their first radiation took place on this continent . madagascar was colonized once by the african ancestor of the madagascar lark ( mirafra hova ) . today , several mirafra larks occur in asia . however , it is not possible to say how many species colonized asia independently , since it is unknown whether the group of asiatic mirafra species is monophyletic , i . e . , evolved from one common ancestor .

the crested lark reached central europe from southwestern and eastern europe later than the skylark and was widespread in the sixteenth century , but receded during the little ice age in the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries . however , it spread into central europe again from the middle of the nineteenth century onward , helped by global warming and man - made habitats such as roads and railway stations . crested larks even reached scandinavia in 1900 , but became extinct in the 1990s , possibly because of climatic change .

all lark nestlings have a characteristic brightly colored gape , with one black spot inside the tip of the upper and lower mandible . there are two black spots on the base of the tongue in ammomanes , some certhilauda , and mirafra ; and an additional third spot on the tip of the tongue in alauda , calandrella , some certhilauda , eremophila , galerida , and lullula . after hatching , larks are covered with scanty down on their foreheads , napes , backs , shoulders , wings , and thighs .

5 . 9 in ( 15 cm ) ; male 0 . 7–1 . 2 oz ( 21–35 g ) ; female 1 . 1–1 . 2 oz ( 30–35 g ) ; smaller and more slender than skylark and crested lark . plumage buff brown , upperparts and chest streaked , distinguished from other larks by broad , white supercilium which continues to nape . black - and - white pattern of alula ( first digit of wing ) feathers very conspicuous . crown feathers can be raised to a small crest .

to attract a female and mark his reproductive territory , the male horned lark will engage in a " song flight " ( cornell laboratory of ornithology , 2001 ) . he flies quickly up to eight hundred feet above the ground , and circles for several minutes . while circling , he sings . after hovering , he dives straight toward the ground with his wings closed . just before reaching the ground , he opens his wings , catches air and lands softly in his territory . these birds are monogamous .

the horned lark’s nest is a basket woven of fine grass or other plant materials and lined with finer material . two to four days after preparing the site , she begins weaving her nest from grass , small roots , shredded cornstalks , and other plant material , then lines it with down , fur , feathers , fine rootlets , even lint and string . the nest cavity diameter is about 3–4 inches ; the inside nest diameter is about 2 . 5 inches and its depth about 1 . 5 inches .

early european settlers named the magpie - lark after two groups of northern hemisphere birds that they were familiar with ; the magpies and the larks . however , they aren ' t actually like either of them . they are most closely related to a group of birds from the east coast of australia called the monarchs . magpie - larks are mostly seen foraging in pairs , however , outside of the breeding season , flocks of as many as a hundred or more birds may form in search of food sources .

lark has been providing pet sitting and dog walking services for us for many years ( i have two dogs and two cats ) . when i go out of town and she is staying in our home i know everything will be taken care of and when i return the house is the same as i left it and the animals are very happy . it is wonderful to leave with no guilt because i know lark loves them as much as i do . when she walks my dogs they come home tired and happy . i trust that she loves my four legged kids as much as i do and she shows it in the time and attention she gives them . and a final testiment to the love she has for my animals is that she was with me when we had to put our lab down two years ago . she loved him as much as i did and he needed her there at the end . you can ' t ask for better love and support of your four legged kids than that !

6 . 7 in ( 17 cm ) ; male 1 . 8–1 . 9 oz ( 52–55 g ) ; female 1 . 6 oz ( 45 g ) . strong lark with large head . short but massive bill most conspicuous . blunt , toothlike projection on middle of lower mandible fits into notch on upper mandible . upperparts uniformly pink / gray - brown , chest to vent with large black spots , sides of head blackish , throat and eye - ring white ; plumage of females of less contrasting color and not so heavily streaked .

as far as one knows , courtship behavior is displayed on the ground . the male hops and steps around the female in upright posture spreading and cocking its tail - feathers . the undertail - coverts are presented to the female ( they are entirely black in the black and the black - crowned sparrow - lark ) . the wings are drooped and also spread to some degree quivering slightly . the crown feathers are raised even in species without elongated crest feathers . during display , the male utters song fragments . occasionally , the male presents food items to its mate immediately before copulation ( courtshipfeeding ) .

4 . 5–4 . 9 in ( 11 . 5–12 . 5 cm ) ; male 0 . 5–0 . 6 oz ( 14–16 g ) ; female 0 . 4 oz ( 12 g ) ; one of the smallest lark species . sparrow - larks , like finches or sparrows , have a proportionally large head and a strong conical bill . sexes are dimorphic with respect to plumage color . female mainly pale brown and streaked , male with white forehead , cheeks , sides of neck , and collar of nape . crown , stripe through eye to base of bill , and lower border of cheek black . underparts entirely black , upperparts grayish brown .


fraus pteromela is a moth of the hepialidae family .

it is found in most of the southern half of australia .

the wingspan is about 25 mm for males and 35 mm for females .

fraus pteromela

fraus pteromela <EOT> fraus pteromela is a moth of the hepialidae family . it is found in most of the southern half of australia .

hectomanes pteromela lower , 1892 ; trans . r . soc . s . austr . 15 : 5 ; tl : s . australia

fraus pteromela ; [ aucl ] ; [ nhm card ] ; nielsen , robinson & wagner , 2000 , j . nat . hist . 34 : 835 ( list )

fraus sp . photo courtesy of david fischer fraus simulans . victoria . march 31 , 2017 photo courtesy of nick temby©

fraus quadrangula nielsen & kristensen , 1989 ; monogr . austral . lepid . 1 : 130

fraus serrata nielsen & kristensen , 1989 ; monogr . austral . lepid . 1 : 137

fraus minima nielsen & kristensen , 1989 ; monogr . austral . lepid . 1 : 123 ; tl : australia

fraus megacornis nielsen & kristensen , 1989 ; monogr . austral . lepid . 1 : 125 ; tl : australia

fraus basicornis nielsen & kristensen , 1989 ; monogr . austral . lepid . 1 : 127 ; tl : australia

fraus tedi nielsen & kristensen , 1989 ; monogr . austral . lepid . 1 : 129 ; tl : australia

fraus marginispina nielsen & kristensen , 1989 ; monogr . austral . lepid . 1 : 132 ; tl : australia

fraus latistria nielsen & kristensen , 1989 ; monogr . austral . lepid . 1 : 138 ; tl : tasmania

fraus linogyna nielsen & kristensen , 1989 ; monogr . austral . lepid . 1 : 139 ; tl : australia

fraus distispina nielsen & kristensen , 1989 ; monogr . austral . lepid . 1 : 141 ; tl : australia

fraus mediaspina nielsen & kristensen , 1989 ; monogr . austral . lepid . 1 : 142 ; tl : australia

fraus biloba nielsen & kristensen , 1989 ; monogr . austral . lepid . 1 : 143 ; tl : australia

fraus basidispina nielsen & kristensen , 1989 ; monogr . austral . lepid . 1 : 145 ; tl : australia

fraus furcata nielsen & kristensen , 1989 ; monogr . austral . lepid . 1 : 148 ; tl : australia

fraus pilosa nielsen & kristensen , 1989 ; monogr . austral . lepid . 1 : 150 ; tl : australia

fraus griseomaculata nielsen & kristensen , 1989 ; monogr . austral . lepid . 1 : 161 ; tl : australia

fraus orientalis nielsen & kristensen , 1989 ; monogr . austral . lepid . 1 : 133 ; tl : new south wales

fraus bilineata ; [ aucl ] ; nielsen , robinson & wagner , 2000 , j . nat . hist . 34 : 835 ( list )

fraus serrata ; [ aucl ] ; nielsen , robinson & wagner , 2000 , j . nat . hist . 34 : 835 ( list )

fraus ( hepialidae ) ; [ nhm card ] ; nielsen , robinson & wagner , 2000 , j . nat . hist . 34 : 835 ( list )

fraus minima ; [ aucl ] ; [ nhm card ] ; nielsen , robinson & wagner , 2000 , j . nat . hist . 34 : 835 ( list )

fraus megacornis ; [ aucl ] ; [ nhm card ] ; nielsen , robinson & wagner , 2000 , j . nat . hist . 34 : 835 ( list )

fraus basicornis ; [ aucl ] ; [ nhm card ] ; nielsen , robinson & wagner , 2000 , j . nat . hist . 34 : 835 ( list )

fraus tedi ; [ aucl ] ; [ nhm card ] ; nielsen , robinson & wagner , 2000 , j . nat . hist . 34 : 835 ( list )

fraus quadrangula ; [ aucl ] ; [ nhm card ] ; nielsen , robinson & wagner , 2000 , j . nat . hist . 34 : 835 ( list )

fraus marginispina ; [ aucl ] ; [ nhm card ] ; nielsen , robinson & wagner , 2000 , j . nat . hist . 34 : 835 ( list )

fraus orientalis ; [ aucl ] ; [ nhm card ] ; nielsen , robinson & wagner , 2000 , j . nat . hist . 34 : 835 ( list )

fraus latistria ; [ aucl ] ; [ nhm card ] ; nielsen , robinson & wagner , 2000 , j . nat . hist . 34 : 835 ( list )

fraus linogyna ; [ aucl ] ; [ nhm card ] ; nielsen , robinson & wagner , 2000 , j . nat . hist . 34 : 835 ( list )

fraus distispina ; [ aucl ] ; [ nhm card ] ; nielsen , robinson & wagner , 2000 , j . nat . hist . 34 : 835 ( list )

fraus mediaspina ; [ aucl ] ; [ nhm card ] ; nielsen , robinson & wagner , 2000 , j . nat . hist . 34 : 835 ( list )

fraus biloba ; [ aucl ] ; [ nhm card ] ; nielsen , robinson & wagner , 2000 , j . nat . hist . 34 : 835 ( list )

fraus basidispina ; [ aucl ] ; [ nhm card ] ; nielsen , robinson & wagner , 2000 , j . nat . hist . 34 : 835 ( list )

fraus nanus ; [ aucl ] ; [ nhm card ] ; nielsen , robinson & wagner , 2000 , j . nat . hist . 34 : 835 ( list )

fraus furcata ; [ aucl ] ; [ nhm card ] ; nielsen , robinson & wagner , 2000 , j . nat . hist . 34 : 835 ( list )

fraus pilosa ; [ aucl ] ; [ nhm card ] ; nielsen , robinson & wagner , 2000 , j . nat . hist . 34 : 835 ( list )

fraus fusca ; [ aucl ] ; [ nhm card ] ; nielsen , robinson & wagner , 2000 , j . nat . hist . 34 : 835 ( list )

fraus crocea ; [ aucl ] ; [ nhm card ] ; nielsen , robinson & wagner , 2000 , j . nat . hist . 34 : 835 ( list )

fraus simulans ; [ aucl ] ; [ nhm card ] ; nielsen , robinson & wagner , 2000 , j . nat . hist . 34 : 835 ( list )

fraus polyspila ; [ aucl ] ; [ nhm card ] ; nielsen , robinson & wagner , 2000 , j . nat . hist . 34 : 835 ( list )

fraus griseomaculata ; [ aucl ] ; [ nhm card ] ; nielsen , robinson & wagner , 2000 , j . nat . hist . 34 : 835 ( list )

fraus pelagia ; [ aucl ] ; [ nhm card ] ; nielsen , robinson & wagner , 2000 , j . nat . hist . 34 : 835 ( list )

adults fly mostly in the autumn and a few species occur in large numbers . larvae of fraus simulans construct vertical silk - lined tunnels in the soil and feed on surface grasses from within silk lined webbing ( grehan , 1989 )

the source code for museums victoria collections is available on github under the mit license .

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curators : konstantin efetov , vasiliy feoktistov , svyatoslav knyazev , evgeny komarov , stan korb , alexander zhakov .

species catalog enables to sort by characteristics such as expansion , flight time , etc . .

is monophyletic with respect to ( 1 ) elongate elliptical scales with a short , finely serrated apical margin and ( 2 ) patch of hair - scales at the base of the female hindwing ( nielsen & kristensen , 1989 ) .

nielsen , , e . s . and kristensen , n . p . 1989 .

s . e . big desert at 15 . 5 km . w . s . w . of rainbow , victoria , australia , 22 april 2008

paratype . australia : coolgardie , june 5 , 1965 . image courtesy of thomas j . witt©

det . e . s . nielsen , 1983 . new zealand arthropod collection . image : jane hyland ( cmnh )

= ; [ aucl ] ; [ nhm card ] ; nielsen , robinson & wagner , 2000 , j . nat . hist . 34 : 835 ( list )

= ; [ aucl ] ; nielsen , robinson & wagner , 2000 , j . nat . hist . 34 : 835 ( list )

epiolus nanus herrich - schäffer , [ 1853 ] ; samml . aussereurop . schmett . ( i ) 1 ( 3 ) : pl . 10 , f . 46

hectomanes crocea lucas , 1891 ; proc . linn . soc . n . s . w . ( 2 ) 6 ( 2 ) : 283 ; tl : australia

= ; nielsen , robinson & wagner , 2000 , j . nat . hist . 34 : 835 ( list ) ; [ aucl ]

hectomanes polyspila meyrick , 1890 ; proc . linn . soc . n . s . w . ( 2 ) 4 ( 4 ) : 1127 ; tl : victoria

hectomanes pelagia turner , 1927 ; pap . proc . r . soc . tasm . 1926 : 164 ; tl : tasmania

[ maps ] warning ! the maps are automatically generated from the textual information , and the process does not always produce acceptable result ; see about maps for more info .

walker , 1865 list of the specimens of lepidopterous insects in the collection of the british museum list spec . lepid . insects colln br . mus . 31 : 1 - 322 ( [ 1865 ] ) , 32 : 323 - 706 ( 1865 ) , 33 : 707 - 1120 ( 1865 ) , 34 : 1121 - 1534 ( [ 1866 ] ) , 35 : 1535 - 2040 ( 1866 )

if you have corrections , comments or information to add into these pages , just send mail to markku savela keep in mind that the taxonomic information is copied from various sources , and may include many inaccuracies . expert help is welcome .

ebooks best sellers human anatomy : v . 3 : regional and applied 8123911572 pdf by b . d . chaurasia