the canarian houbara , chlamydotis undulata fuertaventurae , is a large bird in the bustard family .

it is a houbara bustard subspecies which is endemic to the eastern canary archipelago , in macaronesia in the north atlantic ocean , where it is a scarce and threatened non-migratory resident .

it is the animal symbol of the island of fuerteventura .

canarian houbara

canarian houbara <EOT> although the canarian houbara is sedentary it can act like the migratory birds , making journeys in search of similar habitats and even flying between islands .

minden pictures stock photos - canarian houbara bustard ( chlamydotis undulata fuertaventurae ) adult , feeding , fuerteventura , canary islands , march - r . . .

leo shapiro set " canarian houbara ( chlamydotis undulata fuertaventurae ) , " el jable " plains , lanzarote " as an exemplar on " chlamydotis undulata ( jacquin , 1784 ) " .

collins , d . 1984 . a study of the canarian houbara bustard ( chlamydotis undulata fuertaventurae ) with special reference to its behaviour and ecology . – university of london , p . 119 .

osborne , p . 1986 . survey of the birds of fuerteventura canary islands , with special reference to the status of the canarian houbara bustard chlamydotis undulata - study report no . 10 . – icbp , p . 76 .

this superspecies breeds in deserts and other very arid sandy areas . in the canarian part of its range , macqueen ' s is a bird of the dry lava slopes of lanzarote and fuerteventura islands .

the former asian subspecies , c . u . macqueenii , has now been split as a full species , macqueen ' s bustard , chlamydotis macqueenii . these two species are the only members of the chlamydotis genus . the canarian houbara is the subspecies chlamydotis undulata fuertaventurae . the dividing line between the two chlamydotis species is the sinai peninsula .

. . . classified as bvulnerable ^ ( iucn 2009 ) , it is divided into two subspecies , c . u . undulata and c . u . fuerteventurae . whereas the former is distributed from northern mauritania to egypt ( bourass and hingrat 2015 ) , the latter is a canarian endemic subspecies designated as bin danger ^ on the spanish red list ( lorenzo 2004 ) . it is one of the canarian terrestrial birds with the smallest distribution area , with almost all the population living exclusively in lanzarote and fuerteventura ( martín and lorenzo 2001 ; carrascal et al . 2008 ; schuster et al . 2012 ) . . . .

the houbara bustard is the largest bird in the canaries and is threatened by habitat destruction and alteration in critical areas basically because of pressures from tourism the canarian sub - species is endemic to flat semi - desert planes in la graciosa , lanzarote and fuerteventura , where it feeds on seeds , and small animals such as lizrads and beetles . see life project for the conservation of houbara in the canaries ( seo ) . more

the arid , wild and pristine islet of lobos —which we passionately show to the visitors who join our day trips from corralejo— is one of the few places along with fuerteventura , lanzarote and la graciosa , where one of the most unique bird in the spanish wildlife lives , the canarian houbara . its habitat are the arid landscapes , “jables” and “malpaís” characterizing the eastern end of the canary islands .

gubin , b . m . counting houbara bustards : methods of counting asian houbara bustard . – national avian research center , pp . 8 - 12 .

mukhina , e . counting houbara bustard : the methodology of censuring breeding houbara bustard in uzbekistan . – national avian research center , pp . 16 - 17 .

abba saleh m ( 1989 ) the status of the houbara bustard in egypt .

houbara conservation ( ifhc ) . we are grateful to h . h . sheikh

justification : european regional assessment : near threatened ( nt ) eu27 regional assessment : near threatened ( nt ) within the region this species is restricted to the eastern canary islands ( spain ) , where it has a moderately small , apparently stable population which approaches the thresholds for classification as vulnerable . the canarian population is a distinct subspecies and there is not considered to be any potential rescue effect from the mainland north african population , therefore the final category is unchanged and the species is classified as near threatened ( d1 ) in both europe and the eu27 .

goriup . 1996 . the distribution of the houbara bustard , throughout its known range .

gubin b . n . 2004 . the houbara bustard . almaty . pp 296 .

iucn . 2004 . birdlife species factsheet : houbara bustard chlamydotis undulata . birdlife international .

khan , w . a . 1996 . food and feeding behaviour of houbara bustard ( chlamydotis undulata macqueenii ) . – houbara foundation international of pakistan , p . 15 .

ifhc . 2014 . international fund for houbara conservation website . available at : urltoken .

characterization of 22 microsatellites loci from the endangered houbara bustard ( chlamydotis undulat . . .

the houbara bustard , chlamydotis undulata , is a large bird in the bustard family .

recent population trends of the houbara bustard in the canary islands . methods and conservation status

status , conservation and habitat selection of the houbara bustard chlamydotis undulata fuertaventura . . .

combreau , o . counting houbara bustards : census of houbara bustard in kazakhstan : evaluation of two different methods . – national avian research center , pp . 4 - 7 .

goriup , p . d . 1983 . the houbara bustard in morocco . – icbp .

lawrence , m . 2003 . update from china . – houbara news 5 : 3 .

swrahio , m . i . 1982 . houbara bustard in pakistan , research and conservation .

chaudhry , a . a . 1991 . houbara bustard in the punjab . – wwf pakistan .

genetic variability characterization of the moroccan houbara bustard ( chlamydotis undulata undulata ) inferred from pedigree analysis .

the realized niche of captive - hatched houbara bustards translocated in morocco meets expectations fr . . .

. . . it is one of the canarian terrestrial birds with the smallest distribution area , with almost all the population living exclusively in lanzarote and fuerteventura ( martín and lorenzo 2001 ; carrascal et al . 2008 ; schuster et al . 2012 ) . the available censuses reviewed herein for 1994 ( martín et al . 1997 ) , 2004 / 2006 ( carrascal et al . 2006 ; lorenzo 2005 ; lorenzo et al . 2007 ; carrascal et al . 2008 ) and 2011 ( schuster et al . 2012 ) show a 29 % decrease over the period 2004 / 2006 to 2011 ( schuster et al . 2012 ) . the loss of habitat seems to be the main factor threatening the houbara population ( lorenzo 2004 ; carrascal et al . 2008 ) . . . .

cms . 2007 . cms houbara bustard agreement : final act meeting . march 2007 . saudi arabia .

lacroix , f . 2003 . the emirates center for wildlife propagation : developing a comprehensive strategy to secure a self - sustaining population of houbara bustards in eastern morocco . – houbara news 5 : 2 .

launay , f . 2000 . tracking the houbara . – world birdwatch 22 : 18 - 21 .

launay , f . and bailey , t . 1999 . counting houbara bustard . a technical publication of the iucn / ssc / birdlife working group on the houbara bustard . – national avian research center .

mukhtar , a . 2000 . efforts for the conservation of houbara bustard ( chlamydotis undulata macqueenii ) in pakistan . ii international conference on the saker falcon and houbara bustard , pp . 215 - 218 .

collar nj , goriup pd ( 1983 ) the i . c . b . p . fuertaventura houbara

patterns of genetic diversity and population structure of the threatened houbara and macqueen ' s bust . . .

houbara bustard conservation ; one of ead’s top priorities uae , algeria cooperate to protect houbara bustard project aims to release houbara back into wild in order to help increase population in wild . algiers - the united arab emirates ( uae ) and the people’s democratic republic of algeria have signed a memorandum of understanding ( mou ) whereby the two countries agreed to cooperate in the field of houbara bustard breeding and conservation . more

martín , a . , lorenzo , j . a . and nogales , m . counting houbara bustard : counting houbara bustard in the canary islands . – national avian research center , pp . 13 - 15

chaudhry , i . u . 1976 . helpless houbara . – newsletter for birdwatchers : 9 - 10 .

jennings , m . c . 1988 . the former distribution of the houbara – phoenix 5 : 4 .

stone , r . 2008 . the houbara : headed for oblivion ? – science . 321 : 1441 .

n . w . r . c . 2003 . houbara news . – natinal avian research p . 4 .

ali , a . a . 1986 . no hope for the houbara ? – the herald : 207 - 209 .

clarke , j . e . 1982 . the houbara bustard in jordan . – sandgrouse 4 : 111 - 113 .

collins , d . 1980 . aspects of the behaviour and ecology of the houbara bustard ( chlamydotis undulata fuertaventura ) .

goriup , p . d . 1999 . houbara bustard conservation makes progress . – oryx 33 : 184 - 187 .

mian , a . 1983 . houbara demands conservation in pakistan . – wwf pakistan newsletter 2 : 1 - 3 .

tear , t . 1988 . the tale of two houbara . – oman bird news 3 : 5 - 6 .

wwf 1983 . houbara bustard : call for ban on hunting . – wwf pakistan newsletter 2 : 1 - 2 .

. . . in this paper , we focus on the houbara potential habitat model sector ( fig . 2 ) . we have considered two state variables for the houbara potential habitat : the primary and secondary habitats , differing in houbara density ( lorenzo et al . 2007 ; martín et al . 1997 ) . the houbara model sector takes into account the effects of other model variables representing the main factors governing the habitat loss , basically land use changes . . . .

cowan , p . 2004 . are there really two species of houbara ? – britsh birds 97 : 346 - 347 .

gaucher , p . 1991 . on the feeding ecology of the houbara chlamydotis undulata undulata . – alauda 59 : 120 .

goriup , p . 1996 . iucn ssc working group on the houbara bustard . first meeting . , p . 2 .

khan , a . m . 1986 . « five to midnight » for houbara . – dawn : 1 - 2 .

n . w . r . c . 2001 . houbara news . – national avian research center , p . 4 .

upton , r . 1989 . the houbara bustard and the arab falconer . – bustard studies 4 : 174 - 176 .

anonymous . 1980 . tunisian delegation : report on the houbara bustard . – in : coles , c . l . and collar , n . j . ( eds . ) , the houbara bustard . – the game conservancy , fordingbridge , uk .

allen , m . 1980 . houbara . – in : falconry in arabia . orbis publishing , pp . 77 - 78 .

collins , d . 1980 . display strategy and the mating system ( of the houbara ) . pp . 52 - 60 .

mansoori , j . 1985 . the status of the houbara bustard in iran . – bustard studies 3 : 97 - 99 .

mian , a . habitat requirements of the houbara bustard . – department of zoology , university of baluchistan , p . 7 .

osborne , p . 1984 . preliminary report of the 1984 fuerteventura houbara expedition . – icbp bustard group , p . 3 .

tigar , b . j . 1995 . a review of the diet of the houbara bustard . – national avian research center .

the houbara bustard is classified as vulnerable ( vu ) , considered to be facing a high risk of extinction in the wild .

adapted to arid conditions with little vegetation , the houbara bustard is found in sandy and stony semi - desert regions ( 5 ) .

this article is about the north african species . for the asian houbara that was considered a subspecies , see macqueen ' s bustard .

fox , n . 1988 . notes on the analyses of houbara bustard stomach contents from baluchistan and punjab . p . unpublished manuscript .

haddane , b . 1985 . the houbara bustard in morocco : a brief review . – bustard studies 3 : 109 - 112 .

n . w . r . c . 1997 . houbara news . – national avian research center , pp . 1 - 12 .

thesiger , w . 1959 . houbara part . – in : arabian sands . penguin travel library , pp . 290 - 294 .

goriup , p . 1997 . the world status of the houbara bustard chlamydotis undulata . bird conservation international 7 : 373 - 397 .

ferguson , d . a . 1977 . a preliminary review of the literature , status and life history of the arabian and houbara bustards with recommendations for a study of the houbara in saudi arabia . – u . s . fish and wildlife service , p . 9 .

de smet , k . 1989 . the houbara bustard in algeria : a preliminary report . – bustard studies 4 : 157 - 159 .

gaucher , p . 1995 . breeding biology of the houbara bustard chlamydotis undulata undulata in algeria . – alauda 63 : 291 - 298 .

goriup , p . d . 1986 . conservation of the houbara bustard in saudi arabia . – icbp bustard group , p . 13 .

judas , j . 2000 . réintroduction de l’outarde houbara en arabie saoudite . – le courrier de la nature 182 : 44 - 45 .

mian , a . 1986 . ecological impact of arab falconry on houbara bustard in baluchistan . – environmental conservation 13 : 41 - 46 .

mian , a . 1986 . houbara in baluchistan : 1984 - 85 ecological studies . – wwf pakistan newsletter 5 : 4 - 6 .

saint jalme , m . and van heezik , y . 1996 . propagation of the houbara bustard . – keegan paul international , london .

saleh , m . a . 1989 . the status of the houbara bustard in egypt . – bustard studies 4 : 151 - 156 .

silsby , j . 1980 . the houbara bustard . – in : inland birds of saudi arabia . immel publishing , p . 47 .

surahio , m . i . 1985 . ecology and distribution of houbara bustards in sind . – bustard studies 3 : 55 - 58 .

stone , richard . " the houbara : headed for oblivion ? " science , vol . 321 , 12 september 2008 , p . 1441 .

finn , f . 1915 . the florican - lesser florican - houbara . – in : indian sporting birds , pp . 134 - 139 .

judas , j . 2002 . réintroduction de l’outarde houbara chlamydotis [ undulata ] macqueenii en arabie saoudite . – alauda 70 : 180 - 181 .

launay , f . 1989 . behavioral ecology of houbara bustard - n . w . r . c . , pp . 1 - 46 .

mirza , z . b . 1985 . a note on houbara bustards in cholistan , punjab . – bustard studies 3 : 43 - 44 .

platt , j . b . 1983 . houbara research in dubai , united arab emirates . – dubai wildlife research center , p . 4 .

platt , j . b . 1985 . houbara bustard research in dubai , united arab emirates . – bustard studies 3 : 101 - 102 .

roberts , t . j . 1985 . the houbara bustard in pakistan in relation to conservation . – bustard studies 3 : 35 - 37 .

schulz , h . , schulz , m . , paillat , p . , gaucher , p . and eichakera , x . 1991 . incubation parameters of the houbara ( chlamydotis : undulata ) . houbara incubation parameters . – n . w . r . c , p . 11 .

collar , n . j . 1980 . the world status of the houbara : a preliminary review . – in : coles , c . l . and collar , n . j . ( eds . ) , symposium papers on the houbara bustard . – sydenhams printers , p . 12 .

houbara bustard , the ultimate quarry of arab falconers , is seriously threatened . excessive hunting for falconry ; heavy illegal trapping to supply birds for falcon training ; and a disturbing increase in hunting pressure in central asia over the last few years are among factors responsible for the diminishing houbara numbers . more

collinson , m . 2004 . are there really two species of houbara ? – a response from the tsc . – britsh birds 97 : 348 .

goriup , p . d . 1997 . the world status of the houbara bustard chlamydotis undulata . – bird conservation international 7 : 373 - 397 .

karim , s . i . and hasan , a . 1983 . houbara bustard in pakistan . – wwf pakistan newsletter 2 : 3 - 6 .

khan , a . m . 1983 . the art of falconry and hunting of houbara bustard . – wwf pakistan newsletter 2 : 6 - 10 .

sasikumar , c . 1989 . houbara bustards chlamydotis undulata : a rare record from kerala . – journal of the bombay natural history society : 101 .

slaytor , j . h . 1989 . an interim pictoral report into the diet of the houbara bustard ( chlamydotis undulata macqueenii ) . – nwrc .

syed , i . k . and abrarul , h . 1983 . houbara bustard in pakistan . – wwf pakistan newsletter 2 : 3 - 6 .

hbwg . and ( ssc ) , h . b . w . g . o . t . i . s . s . s . c . 2001 . review of the houbara bustard confiscation and rehabilitation program of the national avian research center , 1998 - 2001 . – houbara news 4 : 4 .

heredia , b . 1995 . action plan for the houbara bustard in the canary islands ( chlamydotis undulata fuerteventurae ) . – bird life international , uk .

schulz , h . , schulz , m . , paillat , p . , gaucher , p . and eichakera , x . 1991 . practical implications of research on incubation parameters of the houbara ( chlamydotis undulata ) . houbara incubation parameters . – n . w . r . c , p . 12 .

the houbara bustard is a rare shy bird adapted to arid conditions with little vegetation and found in stony and sandy desert and semi - desert regions . more

epidemiological study of the pathogens flow at the interface between wild birds and captive ones with special focus on the conservative breeding of houbara bustard in the uae .

seddon , p . and van heezik , y . 1999 . counting houbara bustard in northern saudi arabia : an assessment of method . 18 - 24 . in ( launay , f . and bailey , t . , eds ) . counting houbara bustard . narc , iucn / ssc / birdlife international , cambridge .

agrebi . 1991 . recherches sur la biologie et l’éco - éthologie de l’outarde houbara chlamydotis undulata undulata jacquin en algérie – institut national agronomique , p . 134 .

collar , n . j . and goriup , p . d . 1983 . the icbp fuerventura houbara expedition . – bustard studies 1 : 1 - 92 .

ferguson , d . a . 1978 . houbara bustard conservation in the middle east . – u . s . fish and wildlife service , p . 18 .

gaucher , p . 1988 . experiments with houbara bustard . – n . w . r . c . / taif , saudi arabia , p . 3 .

géroudet , p . 1974 . notes marocaines sur la parade nuptiale de l’outarde houbara chlamydotis undulata . – l’oiseau et revue francaise d’ornithologie 44 : 154 - 155 .

group , i . b . 1984 . suggestions for components of a houbara conservation project in the canary islands . – icbp bustard group , p . 3 .

malik , m . m . 1985 . the distribution and conservation of houbara bustards on north west frontier province . – bustard studies 3 : 81 - 85 .

maloney , r . f . 2001 . sexing houbara bustards , chlamydotis ( undulata ) macqueeni , using footprint measurements . – ostrich 72 : 199 - 218 .

noir , s . 2006 . estimation des effectifs d’outarde houbara asiatique ( chlamydotis macqueenii ) : fiabilité des méthodes de comptages . master thesis . ephe , france .

houbara bustardthe houbara bustards , chlamydotis undulata , belong to the bustard family . their range includes the canary islands and north africa . the asian former subspecies has now been split as a separate species , macqueen ' s bustard , chlamydotis macqueenii . these are the only members of the chlamydotis genus . the dividing line between the two species is the sinai peninsula . the houbara bustard is largely resident in its range . this species breeds in deserts and other very arid sandy areas . more

sexes are similar , but the female is smaller and greyer above . houbara is slightly larger and paler than macqueen ' s . both species are vocally almost silent .

demars , b . 2001 . recensement d’une population d’outardes houbara , chlamydotis undulata undulata , de l’oriental marocain . – emirate center for wildlife propagation , p . 22 .

iucn . 2000 . conservation de l’outard houbara ( chlamydotis undulata ) en afrique du nord et en afrique subsaharienne . congrès mondial de la nature . – on line .

launay , f . 1997 . wintering habitat use by houbara bustard chlamydotis undulata in abu dhabi and implications for management . – biological conservation 81 : 51 - 56 .

launay , f . and loughland , r . 1995 . breeding system of houbara bustard chlamydotis undulata macqueeni : preliminary observations . – sandgrouse 35 : 14 - 17 .

mian , a . 1984 . houbara in baluchistan : 1983 - 84 population status . – w . w . f . pakistan , pp . 1 - 3 .

the houbara bustard or north african houbara ( chlamydotis undulata ) is a large bird in the bustard family . this bustard is found in arid habitats spread across northern africa with a population on the canary islands . they are dull brown with black markings on the wings with a greyish neck and a black ruff along the side of the neck . males and females appear very similar but males are larger and heavier . this species formerly included macqueen ' s bustard , sometimes known as the asian houbara as a subspecies .

dominguez casanova , f . 1989 . the houbara bustard in the canary islands ( spain ) : towards a recovery plan . – bustard studies 4 : 42 - 51 .

gaucher , p . 1988 . houbara breeding season 87 - 88 . – n . w . r . c . / taif , saudi arabia , p . 3 .

lavee , d . 1988 . why is the houbara bustard , chlamydotis undulata macqueenii , still an endangered species in israel ? – biological conservation 45 : 47 - 54 .

paillat , p . 1987 . houbara and wildlife investigation in pakistan . – n . w . r . c . / taif , saudi arabia , p . 16 .

seddon , p . j . 2000 . the re - introduction of houbara bustards in the kingdom of saudi arabia . – re - introduction news : 22 - 24 .

seddon , p . 1995 . species conservation strategy for the houbara bustard ( chlamydotis undulata macqueenii ) in saudi arabia . unpublished report , ncwcd , riyadh , saudi arabia .

sangster , g . 1996 . trends in systematics : taxonomy of houbara and macqueen ' s bustards and neglest of intraspecific diversity . dutch birding 18 : 248 - 256 .

. . . this is 3 times longer than the time since differentiation of the taxa most closely related to the great bus - tard , the houbara bustard ( c . undulata ) and asian houbara bustard ( chlamydotis macqueenii ) , which are now widely accepted as 2 spe - cies ( idaghdour et al . 2004 ) . . . .

lavee d ( 1985 ) the influence of grazing and intensive cultivation on the population size of the houbara bustard in the northern negev in israel . bustard stud 3 : 103–107

chaudhry , a . a . 1994 . houbara population in the punjab , pakistan ( 1993 - 94 ) . unpublished report , punjab wildlife research center gatwala , faisalabad mimeograph .

hingrat , y . and saint jalme , m . 2005 . mating system of the houbara bustard chlamydotis undulata undulata in eastern morocco . – ardeola 52 : 91 - 102 .

ponomareva , t . 1983 . comportement reproducteur et distribution de l’outarde houbara ( chlamydotis undulata macqueenii ) sur ses lieux de nidification . – zoologicheskij zhurnal 62 : 592 - 602 .

seddon , p . j . 1997 . resident houbara bustard populations in saudi arabia : do summer ambient temperatures limit distribution ? – journal of arid environments 37 : : 551–556 .

bourass k , hingrat y ( 2015 ) diet of released captive - bred north - african houbara bustards . eur j wildl res 61 ( 4 ) : 563–574 . doi :

mendelssohn , h . 1980 . development of houbara ( chlamydotis undulata ) populations in israel and captive breeding . – in : coles , c . l . and collar , n . j . ( eds . ) , the great bustard , sofia , 1978 - the houbara bustard , athens , 1979 . – sydenhams printers , poole , p . 9 .

upton , r . 1979 , 1980 . the houbara bustard and its relationship to the middle eastern falconry . – in : coles , c . l . and collar , n . j . ( eds . ) , the great bustard , sofia , 1978 - the houbara bustard , athens , 1979 . – sydenhams printers , poole , p . 3 .

the north african houbara bustard declined in populations in the two decades before 2004 , but unlike its near relative the asian houbara or macqueen ' s bustard , has been on the increase since . although hunted both by falconers and by hunters with guns , the extent is much less than that faced by macqueen ' s bustard in the middle east and west asia .

gubin , b . m . 1992 . the number , distribution and state of protection of the houbara bustard in the south of kazakhstan . bustard studies , 5 , 98 - 103

haddane , b . 1982 . répartition et écologie d’une espèce menacée : outarde houbara . symposium international sur la gestion et la conservation de la faune sauvage mediterranéenne , p . 9 .

lavauden , l . 1914 . notes sur houbara undulata et quelques points relatifs à la faune ornithologique de tunisie . – l’oiseau et la revue française d’ornithologie 3 : 308 - 311 .

petit , p . 1987 . houbara bustards given to the center by falconers . – n . w . r . c . / taif , saudi arabia , p . 6 .

bailey , t . a . and kinne , j . 2001 . ventricular septal defect in a houbara bustard ( chlamydotis undulata macqueenii ) . – avian diseases 45 : 229 - 233 .

béranger , p . - m . 2001 . etude de l’habitat et des populations sauvages d’outarde houbara ( chlamydotis undulata undulata ) . – université d’intégration professionelle , pp . 1 - 30 .

bouzendorf , f . and hingrat , y . 2006 . breeding success in a houbara bustard population in eastern morocco . 24th international ornithological congress - journal of ornithology , p . 117 .

combreau , o . and rambaud , f . 1994 . houbara habitat in mahazat as sayd . part i : vegetation . – national avian research center , pp . 1 - 45 .

combreau , o . and rambaud , f . 1994 . houbara habitat in mahazat as sayd . part ii : arthropods . – national avian research center , pp . 1 - 45 .

durand , j . 1988 . identification of a few nematodes , houbara bustards’ parasites . – n . w . r . c . / taif , saudi arabia , p . 8 .

gillet , h . 1988 . analysis of stomach contents of algerian houbara . – n . w . r . c . / taif , saudi arabia , pp . 1 - 3 .

hemon , s . 1998 . houbara bustard captive breeding update : more then 240 chicks produced and 100 to be released in saudi arabia . – re - introduction news 16 : 6 .

judas , jacky and routier , jean - baptiste . 2002 . survival parameters of a reintroduced asian houbara bustard population in central saudi arabia . in international ornithological congress , beijing , china .

launay , f . and combreau , o . 1999 . annual migration of houbara bustard chlamydotis undulata macqueenii from the united arab emirates . – bird conservation international 9 : 155 - 161 .

mian , a . 1997 . sustainable exploitation of houbara bustard in baluchistan ( pakistan ) through range management . pakistan journal of ornithology . 1 ( 1 - 2 ) , 1 - 18

symens , p . 1987 . some observations on the houbara bustard in semi captivity . – n . w . r . c . / taif , saudi arabia , p . 7 .

alekseev , a . f . 1985 . the houbara bustard in the north - west kyzylkum ( u . s . s . r ) . – bustard studies 3 : 87 - 92 .

combreau , o . and launay , f . 1999 . an estimation of the nesting success in a houbara bustard chlamydotis undulata macqueeni population in kazakhstan . – sandgrouse 21 : 171 - 175 .

combreau , o . and smith , t . r . 1997 . summer habitat selection by houbara bustards introduced in central saudi arabia . – journal of arid environments 36 : 149 - 160 .

combreau , o . and smith , t . r . 1998 . release techniques and predation in the introduction of houbara bustards in saudi arabia . – biological conservation 84 : 147 - 155 .

mian , a . 1984 . a contribution to the biology of houbara : 1982 - 83 wintering population in baluchistan . – journal of the bombay natural history society 81 : 537 - 545 .

ponomareva , t . 1985 . the houbara bustard : present status and conservation prospect ( in the u . s . s . r ) . – bustard studies 3 : 93 - 96 .

symens , p . 1987 . houbara bustards in semi - captivity april - june 1987 . – n . w . r . c . / taif , saudi arabia , p . 5 .

symens , p . 1988 . houbara bustard survey in harrat al harrah , march 1988 . – n . w . r . c . / taif , saudi arabia , p . 19 .

tieleman , i . 2002 . physiological responses of houbara bustards to high ambient temperatures . in irene tielman ( ed . ) avian adaptation along an aridity gradient . phd groningen university . pp247 .

troshchenko , b . v . 1992 . a note on the distribution and numbers of houbara in northeast prikaspiy , on the border of its range . bustard studies 5 : - 104 pp .

warren , s . m . 1996 . an evaluation of the availability and importance of natural food in the diet of captive houbara bustard . – national avian research center , p . 36 .

gaucher , p . 1987 . biological study on the reproduction of the houbara bustard in algeria . – n . w . r . c . / taif , saudi arabia , p . 12 .

hartley ps , dawson b , lindsay c , mccormick p and wishart gj . 1999 . cryopreservation of houbara semen : a pilot study . zoo biology 18 ( 2 ) : 147 - 152 .

hingrat , y . 2005 . sélection de l’habitat et structure sociale chez l’outarde houbara . apports à la conservation d’une population menacée au maroc . phd - muséum national d’histoire naturelle , p . 163 .

launay , f . 1989 . feeding choice of a semi - captive group of houbara bustard . – n . w . r . c . / taif , saudi arabia , p . 18 .

lavee , d . 1985 . the influence of grazing and intensive cultivation on the population size of the houbara bustard in the northern negev in israel . – bustard studies 3 : 103 - 107 .

mian a . , and dasti , a . a . 1985 . houbara bustard ( chlamydotis undulata macqueenii ) in balochistan 1982 - 83 . a preliminary review bustard studies 3 : 45 - 49p .

mian , a . 2003 . on biology of houbara bustard ( chlamydotis undulata macqueenii ) in baluchistan , pakistan : faunal associatiion . – on line journal of biological sciences 3 : 535 - 552 .

porter , r . f . and goriup , p . d . 1985 . recommendations for the conservation of the arabian bustard and houbara bustard in saudi arabia . – iucn , p . 22 .

symens , p . 1989 . results of experimental tests of satellite transmitters for the houbara bustard . – n . w . r . c . / taif , saudi arabia , p . 5 .

schuster c , iglesias–lebrija jj , carrascal lm ( 2012 ) recent population trends of the houbara bustard in the canary islands . methods and conservation status . anim biodivers conserv 35 ( 1 ) : 125–139

coles , c . l . and collar , n . j . 1979 . the status of houbara in u . s . s . r . – in : coles , c . l . and collar , n . j . ( eds . ) , the great bustard , sofia , 1978 - the houbara bustard , athens , 1979 . – sydenhams printers , poole , p . 1 .

bekry , a . 1998 . l’houtarde houbara ( chlamydotis undulata undulata ) . – ministère de l’agriculture du développement rural et des pêches maritimes , ministère délégué chargé des eaux et forêts , p . 9 .

deeming , d . c . 2001 . attentiveness and turning patterns during incubation in a houbara bustard ( chlamydotis undulata macqueenii ) nest . . – avian and poultry biology reviews 12 : 182 - 184 .

deschamps , c . 2006 . succès reproducteur et facteurs influençant survie au nid chez l’outarde houbara dans nord marocain ( chlamydotis undulata undulata ) . – ecwp – université j . monnet , p . 33 .

gaucher , p . 1988 . the feeding behaviour of female houbara bustards during incubation period . – n . w . r . c . / taif , saudi arabia , pp . 12 - 15 .

hinz , c . and heiss , e . m . 1989 . the activity patterns of houbara bustards : aspect of a field survey in the canary islands . bustard studies 4 : 68 – 79 .

judas , j . 1999 . reintroduction of houbara bustard in central saudi arabia . – in : science , b . p . ( ed . ) international conference on bird reproduction , p . 50 .

mian , a . 1989 . a contribution to the biology of houbara bustard : 1983 - 84 population levels in western baluchistan . – journal of the bombay natural history society 86 : 161 - 165 .

mian , a . 2003 . on biology of houbara bustard ( chlamydotis undulata macqueenii ) in baluchistan , pakistan : phytosociological analysis of habitat . – pakistan journal of biological sciences 6 : 128 - 129 .

symens , p . 1987 . results of experimental test of satellite - transmitters for the houbara bustard . – n . w . r . c . / taif , saudi arabia , p . 2 .

van heezik , y . and ostrowski , s . 2001 . conservation breeding for reintroductions : assessing survival in a captive flock of houbara bustards . – animal conservation 4 part 3 : 195 - 201 .

van heezik , y . and seddon , p . j . 1998 . ontogeny of behavior of hand - reared and hen - reared captive houbara bustards . – zoo biology 17 : 245 - 255 .

van heezik , y . and seddon , p . j . 1999 . seasonal changes in habitat use by houbara bustards chlamydotis undulata macqueenii in northern saudi arabia . – ibis 141 : 208 - 215 .

a houbara survey of lanzarote and the small island of graciosa , during december 1993 , resulted in a total count of 146 birds and an estimated total population of about 400 houbaras . these numbers are higher than found on most previous surveys of fuerteventura , considered as the main stronghold of this subspecies , and indicate that the houbara population on lanzarote is much more important than . . . [ show full abstract ]

alekseev , a . f . 1980 . the houbara bustard in the north - west kyzylkum ( u . s . s . r . ) . – zool . zhum . 59 : 1263 - 1266 .

bourget , l . 2007 . structure , fonctionnement et évolution du lek chez une espèce menacée , l’outarde houbara ( chlamydotis undulata undulata ) . – université jean monnet – saint - étienne , p . 46 .

combreau , o . and launay , f . 1996 . activity rhythms of houbara bustards ( chlamydotis undulata macqueenii ) in relation to some abiotic factors . – journal of arid environments 33 : 463 - 472 .

ezzerari , a . 1998 . contribution à l’étude éco - éthologique d’une population d’outarde houbara ( chlamydotis undulata undulata ) dans la région de missour - maroc . – ecole nationale forestière d’ingénieurs , p . 107 .

launay , f . and paillat , p . 1990 . a behavioural repertoire of the adult houbara bustard ( chlamydotis undulata macqueenii ) . – revue d’ecologie ( terre et vie ) 45 : 65 - 88 .

le cuziat , j . 2005 . contraintes environnementales et anthropiques influençant la répartition spatiale de l’outarde houbara ( chlamydotis undulata ) . aix - marseille . – université paul cezanne aix - marseille , p . 223 .

maloney , r . f . 1998 . video monitoring observation of a houbara bustard , chlamydotis undulata nest site in mahazat as - sayd reserve , central saudi arabia . – sangrouse 20 : 36 - 39 .

noir , s . , barbraud , c . and judas , j . 2004 . estimated asian houbara bustard population size versus true detection probability . international symposium on ecology and conservation of steppe - land birds .

goriup , p . d . and collar , n . j . 1979 , 1980 . the i . c . b . p fuerventura houbara expedition , spring 1979 . – in : coles , c . l . and collar , n . j . ( eds . ) , the great bustard , sofia , 1978 - the houbara bustard , athens , 1979 . – sydenhams printers , poole , p . 4 .

gaucher , p . 1987 . biological study on the reproduction of the houbara bustard in algeria - part ii . – n . w . r . c . / taif , saudi arabia , p . 6 .

gubin , b . n . 1998 . action plan for the houbara bustard in central asia . unpublished draft paper , institute of zoology of national academy of sciences of republic of kazakhstan almaty , 3 february 1998 .

jacquet , j . m . 1998 . seasonal changes in food intake and body mass in captive houbara bustards ( chlamydotis undulata ) and effect of ambient temperature – journal of arid environments 38 : 359 - 370 .

kenward , r . 1981 . a proposed study of houbara bustard ecology . – in : ecology , i . o . t . ( ed . ) . – institute of terrestrial ecology , p . 2 .

launay , f . 1990 . behavioural ecology of houbara bustard – preliminary report ( january to june 89 ) . – n . w . r . c . / taif , saudi arabia , p . 46 .

van heezik , y . and seddon , p . j . 2002 . patch use and exploratory movements of a resident houbara bustard in northern saudi arabia . – journal of arid environments 50 : 683 - 686 .

weigeldt , c . , schulz , h . and paillat , p . 1991 . experimental release of houbara ( chlamydotis undulata macqueenii ) in mahazat as said . – national wildlife research center , p . 40 .

the houbara bustard ( chlamydotis undulata ) is a threatened avian species that is rapidly declining throughout its range , especially in north africa , asia and the canary islands . we examined the population structure and genetic variation for the three houbara subspecies c . undulata undulata , c . u . fuertaventurae and c . u . macqueenii . a total of 266 birds from 10 populations were genotyped using . . . [ show full abstract ]

coles , c . l . and collar , n . j . 1980 . pakistan national council for the conservation of wildlife - report on the houbara bustard ( chlamydotis undulata ) . – in : coles , c . l . and collar , n . j . ( eds . ) , the great bustard , sofia , 1978 - the houbara bustard , athens , 1979 . – sydenhams printers , poole , p . 1 .

d’aloia , m . - a . 2001 . studies on the population structure of the houbara bustard chlamydotis undulata in the middle east with dna analysis techniques . – zoology in the middle east 22 : 25 - 35 .

launay , f . , loughland , r . a . and mukhina , e . 1997 . preliminary observations of the incubation and covey behaviour of houbara bustard chlamydotis undulata macqueeni . – sandgrouse 19 : 51 - 55 .

schulz , h . 1987 . the houbara ( chlamydotis undulata ) – a review on present knowledge , research priorities and methods ( with particular emphasis on radiotracking ) . – national wildlife research center , p . 22 .

the houbara bustard , chlamydotis undulata , is a large bird in the bustard family . contents - * 1 description * 2 taxonomy * 3 distribution and habitat * 4 behaviour * 4 . 1 breeding * 4 . more

comprehensive picture of the houbara bustards ' movements has become essential due to the continued decline in the houbara ' s numbers . this decline is believed to be as a result of destruction of their wintering and breeding habitat , over trapping and over hunting . now , pioneering work by researchers from the abu dhabi based , national avian research center ( narc ) , has begun to unravel the mystery of the this species ' migration routes . more

carrascal lm , palomino d , seoane j , alonso cl ( 2008 ) habitat use and population density of the houbara bustard chlamydotis undulata in fuerteventura ( canary islands ) . afr j ecol 46 : 291–302 . doi :

. . . the probable population trend of the houbara bustard in fuerteventura can be inferred considering the previously published information . the two most exhaustive censuses of the houbara population in fuerteventura reported 241 birds in 1994 ( martín et al . , 1997 ) and 256 birds in 2000 ( anonymous , 2000 ) . these estimations lay inside the 90 % confidence interval , in 2005–2006 ( 108– 258 ) , measured in this paper . . . .

bailey , t . a . , pearson , w . and siddiqui , a . 2001 . pesticide contamination of a free - living houbara bustard captured by a falconry party in pakistan . – falco : 11 - 12 .

goriup , p . d . 1988 . houbara bustard field research project - progress report march - august 1988 . – n . c . w . c . d . / ryiadh , saudi arabia , p . 25 .

medina , f . m . 1999 . foraging use of cultivated field by the houbara bustard chlamydotis undulata fuerteventurae rothschild and hartert , 1894 on fuerteventura ( canary islands ) . – bird conservation international 9 : 373 - 386 .

mian , a . and surahio , m . i . 1983 . biology of houbara bustard ( chlamydotis undulata macquenii ) with reference to western baluchistan . – journal of the bombay natural history society 80 : 111 - 118 .

riou , s . , lawrence , m . , combreau , o . , and launay , f . in prep . male territoriality , display dispersion , and the mating system of the asian houbara bustard in southern kazakhstan .

tigar , b . j . and osborne , p . e . 2000 . invertebrate diet of the houbara bustard chlamydotis [ undulata ] macqueenii in abu dhabi from calibrated faecal analysis . – ibis 142 : 466 - 475 .

baker , e . c . s . 1921 . chlamydotis undulate macqeenii . macqueen’s bustard or houbara . in edward charles stuart baker ( ed . ) the game birds of india , burma and ceylon . pp 186 - 197 .

combreau , o . , launay , f . , al bowardi , m . and gubin , b . 1999 . outward migration of houbara bustards from two breeding areas in kazakhstan . – the condor 101 : 159 - 164 .

d’aloia , m . - a . and griffiths , r . 1999 . molecular sexing of the houbara bustard , chlamydotis undulata , and other arid - land species . – zoology in the middle east 18 : 33 - 40 .

facon , c . , guerin , j . - l . and lacroix , f . 2005 . assessment of a newcastle disease vaccination program in houbara bustard breeders ( chlamydotis undulata undulata ) . – journal of wildlife diseases 41 .

gelinaud , g . , combreau , o . and seddon , p . j . 1997 . first breeding by captive - bred houbara bustards introduced in central saudi arabia . – journal of arid environments 35 : 527 - 534 .

loughland , r . a . and launay , f . j . 1994 . houbara bustard ( chlamydotis undulata ) habitat selection in the western region of abu dhabi emirate . regional environmental symposium u . a . e . university .

osborne , p . e . , launay , f . and gliddon , d . 1997 . wintering habitat use by houbara bustards chlamydotis undulata in abu dhabi and implications for management . – biological conservation 81 : 51 - 56 .

pitra , c . , d’aloia , m . - a . , leckfeldt , d . and combreau , o . in press . out of china : origin and expension of the asian houbara bustard chlamydoti undulata macqueenii . - .

seddon , p . j . , launay , f . , van heezik , y . and al bowardi , m . 1999 . methods for live trapping houbara bustards . – journal of field ornithology 70 : 169 - 181 .

idaghdour , youssef ; broderick , damien ; korrida , amal ; chbel , faiza ( 2004 ) . " mitochondrial control region diversity of the houbara bustard chlamydotis undulata complex and genetic structure along the atlantic seaboard of north africa " .

. . . contribution ratio of factors determining the houbara potential habitat we generated the houbara potential habitat map based on the environmental characteristics that determine the presence of the houbara in fuerteventura , considering the quantitative information provided by carrascal et al . ( 2008 ) and other studies dealing with the habitat preferences of the species ( mainly other qualitative factors ; martín et al . 1996 martín et al . , 1997 lorenzo 2004 ; carrascal et al . 2006 ; lorenzo et al . 2007 ) . information on the steppe bird community on the island ( population densities in different habitats ) can be found in seoane et al . ( 2011 ) andcarrascal et al . ( 2012 ) . . . .

chbel , f . , idaghdour , y . , broderick , d . and korrida , a . 2002 . characterization of 22 microsatellites loci from the endangered houbara bustard ( chlamydotis undulata undulata ) . – molecular ecology 2 : 484–487 .

mamadou samba , s . 1999 . contribution à l’étude des habitats de l’outarde houbara ( chlamydotis undulata ) en interaction avec les écosystèmes dans la région de missour ( maroc oriental ) . – ecole nationale forestière d’ingénieurs , p . 82 .

van heezik , y . , hemon , s . and saint jalme , m . 1999 . influence of breeding experience , age and climate on breeding performance of captive houbara bustards . – national wildlife research center , p . 24 .

the houbara bustard is found in north africa west of the nile mainly in the western part of the sahara desert region in mauritania , morocco , algeria , tunisia , libya and egypt . some old records exist from sudan . a small population is found in the canary islands . the asian houbara or macqueen ' s bustard which was earlier included in this species occurs east of the sinai peninsula . the north african species is sedentary unlike the northern populations of macqueen ' s bustards .

combreau , o . , gelinaud , g . and smith , t . r . 2000 . home range and movements of houbara bustards introduced in the najd pediplain in saudi arabia . – journal of arid environments 44 : 229 - 240 .

jacquet , j . m . and launay , f . 1997 . diurnal behavioural patterns in the houbara bustard ( chlamydotis undulata ) in captivity : effects of temperature and day length . – applied animal behaviour science 55 : 137 - 151 .

launay , f . 1989 . first results of the behaviour of a semi - captive group of houbara bustard ( chlamydotis undulata macqueenii ) . – n . w . r . c . / taif , saudi arabia , p . 17 .

mensah brown , e . p . k . and pallot , d . j . 2000 . peptidergic and aminergic neurotransmitters of the exocrine pancreas of the houbara bustard ( chlamydotis undulata ) . – journal of morphology 244 : 23 - 29 .

collar , n . j . 1979 . the world status of the houbara : a preliminary review . in : coles , c . l . ; collar , n . j . ( ed . ) , symposium papers : the great bustard ( otis tarda ) , sofia , bulgaria , may 26th , 1978 [ and ] the houbara bustard ( chlamydotis undulata ) , athens , greece , may 24th 1979 , pp . 12 . the game conservancy , fordingbridge , u . k .

the houbara bustard is found in north africa west of the nile mainly in the western part of the sahara desert region in mauritania , morocco , algeria , tunisia , libya and egypt . some old records exist from sudan . a small population is found in the canary islands . the asian houbara or macqueen ' s bustard which was earlier included in this species occurs east of the sinai peninsula . the north african species is sedentary unlike the migratory northern populations of macqueen ' s bustards .

boullenger , s . 2006 . etude d’une population d’outarde houbara ( chlamydotis undulata undulata ) dans le nord est du maroc : inventaire des mâles en parade et approche du système socio - sexuel de l’espèce . – ecwp - université j . monnet .

combreau , o . , launay , f . and lawrence , m . 2001 . an assessment of annual mortality rates in adult - sized migrant houbara bustards ( chlamydotis [ undulata ] macqueenii ) . – animal conservation 4 : 133 - 141 .

mian , a . 1989 . a contribution to the biology of the houbara bustard ( chlamydotis undulata macqueeni ) : some observations on 1983 - 84 wintering population in baluchistan . – journal of the bombay natural history society 85 : 9 - 25 .

ostrowski , s . and combreau , o . 1995 . a survey of causes of mortality in captive , captive bred released , and wild born houbara bustards ( chlamydotis undulata ) in saudi arabia . – in , pp . 87 - 97 .

qiao , j . , yao , j . and combreau , o . 2002 . monitoring the incubation behaviour of the houbara chlamydotis undulata with a temperature logger dummy egg . – journal of the bombay natural history society 99 : 165 - 172 .

ramadan - jaradi , g . and ramadan - jaradi , m . g . 1989 . breeding the houbara bustard at the al ain zoo & aquarium abu dhabi u . a . e . – zool . garten 59 : 229 - 240 .

sheldon , r . and launay , f . 1998 . monitoring houbara bustard chlamydotis undulata macqueenii distribution , populations and time of occurence within the abu dhabi emirate using a network of local rangers . – bird conservation international 8 : 1 - 9 .

martín a , nogales m , hernández ma , lorenzo ja , medina fm , rando jc ( 1996 ) status , conservation and habitat selection of the houbara bustard chlamydotis undulata fuertaventurae on lanzarote ( canary islands ) . bird conserv int 6 : 229–239

bailey , t . a . a . 1998 . antibody response of kori bustards ( ardeotis kori ) and houbara bustards ( chlamydotis undulata ) to live and inactivated newcastle disease vaccines . – journal of zoo and wildlife medicine 29 : 441 - 450 .

cms . 2005 . convention sur les espèces migratrices . développement de nouveaux et futurs accords – outarde houbara d’asie ; eléphant ouest - africain ; antilope saïga d’asie centrale . 8ième session de la conférence des parties . nairobi , 20 - 25 novembre 2005 .

marou dodo , m . 1998 . contribution à l’étude de l’habitat et du régime alimentaire de l’outade houbara ( chlamydotis undulata undulata ) dans la région de missour ( province de boulemene , maroc ) . – ecole nationale forestière d’ingénieurs , p . 92 .

ostrowski , s . , ancrenaz , m . , saint jalme , m . and greth , a . 1995 . concurrent avian pox and newcastle disease infection in a houbara bustard ( chlamydotis undulata ) . – avian diseases 24 : 573 - 577 .

ostrowski , s . , dorrestein , g . m . , ancrenaz , m . and saint jalme , m . 1995 . debilitating cutaneous poxvirus lesions on two captive houbara bustards ( chlamydotis undulata ) . – avian diseases 39 : 907 - 911 .

seddon , p . j . and van heezik , y . 1996 . seasonal changes in houbara bustard chlamydotis undulata macqueenii numbers in harrat al arrah , saudi arabia : implication for managing a remnant population . – biological conservation 75 : 139 - 146 .

tieleman , i . b . , williams , j . b . , lacroix , f . and paillat , p . 2002 . physiological responses of houbara bustards to high ambient temperatures . – the journal of experimental biology 205 : 503 - 511 .

wishart , g . j . , lindsay , c . , staines , h . j . and mccormick , p . 2002 . semen quality in captive houbara bustard , chamydotis undulata undulata . – reproduction , fertility and development 14 : 401 - 405

le cuziat , j . , chadoeuf , j . , vidal , e . , roche , p . , rautureau , p . and lacroix , f . in prep . north african houbara bustard exclusion by extensive grazing activities in eastern morocco . - .

mensah brown , e . p . k . and lawrence , p . a . 2001 . neurotransmitters regulating acid secretion in the proventriculus of the houbara bustard ( chlamydotis undulata ) : a morphological viewpoint . – journal of morphology 248 : 175 - 184 .

noir , s . 2003 . reliability of methods to assess density in asian houbara bustard chlamydotis macqueenii and monitoring of lek mating system during the 2002 breeding season in the mahazat as - sayd protected area . unpublished report , nwrc , taif , saudi arabia .

ostrowski , s . , saint jalme , m . and ancrenaz , m . 1998 . antibody response to newcastle disease vaccination in a flock of young houbara bustards ( chlamydotis undulata ) . – journal of zoo and wildlife medicine 29 : 234 - 236 .

paillat , p . , gaucher , p . , khoja , a . r . and m . , s . 1987 . houbara bustard breeding project egg collecting and biological studies evaluation for 1987 . internal report . – nwrc / taif p . 13 .

plazenet , p . 2005 . effets de la composition et de la restriction de l’alimentation sur les performances de reproduction de l’outarde houbara ( chlamydotis undulata undulata ) en captivité . – université pierre et marie curie – emirates for wildlife propagation , p . 43 .

tourenq , c . , combreau , o . , eichakera , x . and xinyib , g . 2003 . predation of ground - nesting birds by asian houbara bustard ( chlamydotis [ undulata ] macqueenii ) . – journal of arid environments 55 : 581–582 .

the houbara bustard is found in the canary islands , north africa , iran , saudi arabia , india , pakistan , kazakhstan , china , and the uae . it breeds in deserts and other very arid sandy areas and is largely resident within its range .


talanga quadristigmalis is a species of moth of the crambidae family .

it is found in papua new guinea .

it has a wingspan of 32 mm .

talanga quadristigmalis

talanga quadristigmalis <EOT> this is the place for talanga definition . you find here talanga meaning , synonyms of talanga and images for talanga copyright 2017 © urltoken

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1907 : jan . - apr . [ pp . 1 - 446 ] - proceedings of the zoological society of london . - biodiversity heritage library

a list of moths of the family pyralidae collected by a . e . pratt in british new guinea in 1902 - 3 , with descriptions of new species

zoological results of the third tanyanyika expedition , conducted by dr . w . a . cunnington , 1904 - 1905 . - report on the polyzoa

zoological results of the third tanganyika expedition , conducted by dr . w . a . cunnington , 1904 - 1905 . - report on the brachyurous crustacea

3 . the rudd exploration of south africa . - vii . list of mammals obtained by mr . grant at coguno , inhambane

1 . on a small collection of fishes made in the eastern watershed of the transvaal b7 capt . g . e . bruce

3 . notes upon the anatomy of a species of frog of the genus megalophrys , with references to other genera . of batrachia

2 . the duke of bedford ' s zoological exploration in eastern asin . - iv . list of small mammals from the islands of saghalien and hokakaido

3 . on some new species of earthworms of the family eudrilide belonging to the genera polytoreutcts , neumanniella , and eminoscolesae from mt . ruwenzori

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hypatima mangiferae is a moth in the gelechiidae family .

it was described by satter in 1989 .

it is found in kenya .

the larvae feed on mangifera indica .

hypatima mangiferae

hypatima mangiferae <EOT> hypatima mangiferae satter , 1989 ; bull . ent . res . 79 ( 3 ) : 412 ; tl : kenya

hypatima antsianakella viette , 1956 ; nat . malgache 8 ( 2 ) : 209

hypatima issikiana ; ponomarenko , 1997 , far east . ent . 50 : 39

hypatima manjakatompo viette , 1956 ; nat . malgache 8 ( 2 ) : 211

hypatima perinetella viette , 1956 ; nat . malgache 8 ( 2 ) : 210

hypatima venefica ; ponomarenko , 1997 , far east . ent . 50 : 41

hypatima anguinea ; [ nhm card ] ; ponomarenko , 1997 , far east . ent . 50 : 37

hypatima antiastis ; [ nhm card ] ; ponomarenko , 1997 , far east . ent . 50 : 38

hypatima apparitrix ; [ nhm card ] ; ponomarenko , 1997 , far east . ent . 50 : 38

hypatima aridella ; [ nhm card ] ; ponomarenko , 1997 , far east . ent . 50 : 38

hypatima caryodora ; [ nhm card ] ; ponomarenko , 1997 , far east . ent . 50 : 38

hypatima cirrhospila ; [ nhm card ] ; ponomarenko , 1997 , far east . ent . 50 : 38

hypatima corynetis ; [ nhm card ] ; ponomarenko , 1997 , far east . ent . 50 : 38

hypatima ericta ; [ nhm card ] ; ponomarenko , 1997 , far east . ent . 50 : 38

hypatima indica ; [ nhm card ] ; ponomarenko , 1997 , far east . ent . 50 : 39

hypatima instaurata ; [ nhm card ] ; ponomarenko , 1997 , far east . ent . 50 : 39

hypatima isopogon ; [ nhm card ] ; ponomarenko , 1997 , far east . ent . 50 : 39

hypatima isoptila ; [ nhm card ] ; ponomarenko , 1997 , far east . ent . 50 : 39

hypatima isotricha ; [ nhm card ] ; ponomarenko , 1997 , far east . ent . 50 : 39

hypatima lactifera ; [ nhm card ] ; ponomarenko , 1997 , far east . ent . 50 : 39

hypatima melanocharis ; [ nhm card ] ; ponomarenko , 1997 , far east . ent . 50 : 39

hypatima nodifera ; [ nhm card ] ; ponomarenko , 1997 , far east . ent . 50 : 40

hypatima orthomochla ; [ nhm card ] ; ponomarenko , 1997 , far east . ent . 50 : 40

hypatima parichniota ; [ nhm card ] ; ponomarenko , 1997 , far east . ent . 50 : 40

hypatima particulata ; [ nhm card ] ; ponomarenko , 1997 , far east . ent . 50 : 40

hypatima phacelota ; [ nhm card ] ; ponomarenko , 1997 , far east . ent . 50 : 40

hypatima pilosella ; [ nhm card ] ; ponomarenko , 1997 , far east . ent . 50 : 40

hypatima rhicnota ; [ nhm card ] ; ponomarenko , 1997 , far east . ent . 50 : 40

hypatima silvestris ; [ nhm card ] ; ponomarenko , 1997 , far east . ent . 50 : 41

hypatima syncrypta ; [ nhm card ] ; ponomarenko , 1997 , far east . ent . 50 : 41

hypatima tephroptila ; [ nhm card ] ; ponomarenko , 1997 , far east . ent . 50 : 41

hypatima tonsa ; [ nhm card ] ; ponomarenko , 1997 , far east . ent . 50 : 41

hypatima verticosa ; [ nhm card ] ; ponomarenko , 1997 , far east . ent . 50 : 41

hypatima xerophanta ; [ nhm card ] ; ponomarenko , 1997 , far east . ent . 50 : 41

hypatima xylotechna ; [ nhm card ] ; ponomarenko , 1997 , far east . ent . 50 : 41

hypatima acicula park & ponomarenko , 1999 ; species diversity 4 : 326 ; tl : s . thailand , khaoyai

hypatima stenosa park & ponomarenko , 1999 ; species diversity 4 : 331 ; tl : s . thailand , khaoyai

hypatima disetosella park , 1995 ; tropical lepid . 6 ( 1 ) : 75 ; tl : nantou co . , taiwan

hypatima issikiana park , 1995 ; tropical lepid . 6 ( 1 ) : 77 ; tl : pingtung co . , taiwan

hypatima nigro - grisea [ = nigrogrisea ] janse , 1949 ; moths s . afr . 5 ( 1 ) : 47

hypatima rhomboidella ; [ nhm card ] ; ponomarenko , 1997 , far east . ent . 50 : 40 ; [ fe ]

hypatima spathota ; [ nhm card ] ; [ aucl ] ; ponomarenko , 1997 , far east . ent . 50 : 41

hypatima excellentella ponomarenko , 1991 ; ent . obozr . 70 ( 3 ) : 617 ; tl : barabash - levada , primorskii krai

hypatima venefica ponomarenko , 1991 ; ent . obozr . 70 ( 3 ) : 616 ; tl : barbash - levada , primorskii krai

hypatima disetosella ; brown , adamski , hodges & bahr , 2004 , zootaxa 510 : 47 ; ponomarenko , 1997 , far east . ent . 50 : 38

hypatima pentagonia park & ponomarenko , 1999 ; species diversity 4 : 325 ; tl : nw . thailand , chiang mai , doi suthep - pui np , 1380m

hypatima arignota ; [ nhm card ] ; ponomarenko , 1997 , far east . ent . 50 : 38 ; park & ponomarenko , 1999 , species diversity 4 : 330

hypatima haligramma ; [ nhm card ] ; ponomarenko , 1997 , far east . ent . 50 : 39 ; park & ponomarenko , 1999 , species diversity 4 : 332

hypatima iophana ; [ nhm card ] ; ponomarenko , 1997 , far east . ent . 50 : 29 ; park & ponomarenko , 1999 , species diversity 4 : 322

hypatima teramotoi ueda , 2012 ; trans . lepid . soc . japan 62 ( 2 ) : 81 ; tl : japan , honshu , osaka pref . , sakai city

hypatima acris park , 1995 ; tropical lepid . 6 ( 1 ) : 83 ; tl : taiwan , tainan co . , 2 - 3km s kwantzuling , ca . 350m

hypatima excellentella ; ponomarenko , 1997 , far east . ent . 50 : 38 ; bae , lee & park , 2014 , ent . res . 44 : 19 ( list )

hypatima ( chelariini ) ; ponomarenko , 1997 , far east . ent . 50 : 37 ; [ sangmi lee ] ; lee , hodges & brown , 2009 , zootaxa 2231 : 29 ; [ fe ]

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[ democratic republic of congo , north kivu ] , belgian congo , tshambi , 975 m , 28 . x–07xi . 1933 , leg . g . f . de witte .

meyrick e . 1938a . exploration du parc national albert . pterophoridae , tortricina and tineina . - institut des parcs nationaux du congo belge 14 : 3–28 , pl . 1–3 .

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nb : the taxon name search is for single names only . for example , to locate dysodia vitrina flammata warren , 1904 you should enter flammata only .

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[ south africa , kwazulu - natal ] , " patria terra natalensis " , leg . j . a . wahlberg .

zeller p . c . 1852b . lepidoptera microptera , quae j . a . wahlberg in caffrorum terra collegit . - — : 1–120 .

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= ; sattler , 1973 , bull . br . mus . nat . hist . ( ent . ) 28 ( 4 ) : 182 ; [ nacl ] , 24 ; [ nhm card ] ; [ aucl ] ; ponomarenko , 1997 , far east . ent . 50 : 37 ; [ sangmi lee ] ; lee , hodges & brown , 2009 , zootaxa 2231 : 29 ; [ afromoths ]

= ; sattler , 1973 , bull . br . mus . nat . hist . ( ent . ) 28 ( 4 ) : 166 ; [ nacl ] , 24 ; [ nhm card ] ; [ aucl ] ; ponomarenko , 1997 , far east . ent . 50 : 37 ; [ sangmi lee ] ; lee , hodges & brown , 2009 , zootaxa 2231 : 29 ; [ afromoths ]

= ; sattler , 1973 , bull . br . mus . nat . hist . ( ent . ) 28 ( 4 ) : 189 ; [ nhm card ] ; [ aucl ] ; ponomarenko , 1997 , far east . ent . 50 : 37 ; [ sangmi lee ] ; lee , hodges & brown , 2009 , zootaxa 2231 : 29 ; [ afromoths ]

= ; sattler , 1973 , bull . br . mus . nat . hist . ( ent . ) 28 ( 4 ) : 192 ; [ nacl ] , 24 ; [ nhm card ] ; [ aucl ] ; [ sangmi lee ] ; lee , hodges & brown , 2009 , zootaxa 2231 : 29 ; ponomarenko , 1997 , far east . ent . 50 : 37 ; [ afromoths ]

= ; sattler , 1973 , bull . br . mus . nat . hist . ( ent . ) 28 ( 4 ) : 249 ; [ nacl ] , 24 ; [ nhm card ] ; [ aucl ] ; ponomarenko , 1997 , far east . ent . 50 : 37 ; [ sangmi lee ] ; lee , hodges & brown , 2009 , zootaxa 2231 : 29 ; [ afromoths ]

= ; sattler , 1973 , bull . br . mus . nat . hist . ( ent . ) 28 ( 4 ) : 167 ; [ nacl ] , 24 ; [ nhm card ] ; [ aucl ] ; ponomarenko , 1997 , far east . ent . 50 : 37 ; [ sangmi lee ] ; lee , hodges & brown , 2009 , zootaxa 2231 : 29 ; [ afromoths ]

= ; sattler , 1973 , bull . br . mus . nat . hist . ( ent . ) 28 ( 4 ) : 198 ; [ nacl ] , 24 ; [ nhm card ] ; [ aucl ] ; ponomarenko , 1997 , far east . ent . 50 : 37 ; [ sangmi lee ] ; lee , hodges & brown , 2009 , zootaxa 2231 : 29 ; [ afromoths ]

chelaria agriogramma meyrick , 1926 ; sarawak mus . j . 3 : 153 ; tl : mt murud , 4500ft

chelaria albo - grisea [ = albogrisea ] walsingham , 1881 ; trans . ent . soc . 1881 ( 2 ) : 264 , pl . 12 , f . 34 ; tl : spring vale

chelaria ammonura meyrick , 1921 ; exotic microlep . 2 ( 14 ) : 430 ; tl : queensland , brisbane

chelaria anguinea meyrick , 1913 ; j . bombay nat . hist . soc . 22 ( 1 ) : 161 ; tl : khasi hills , assam

anthotypa ( meyrick , 1939 ) ( chelaria ) ; trans . r . ent . soc . lond . 89 ( 4 ) : 54

chelaria antiastis meyrick , 1929 ; exot . microlep . 3 ( 17 ) : 514 ; tl : andamans , port blair

chelaria apparitrix meyrick , 1921 ; zool . meded . leyden 6 : 164 ; tl : java , preanger , 5000ft

chelaria aridella walker , 1864 ; list spec . lepid . insects colln br . mus . 29 : 639 ; tl : sarawak , borneo

artochroma diakonoff , 1954 ; verh . k . akad . wet . amst . ( 2 ) 50 ( 1 ) : 20

chelaria attenuata meyrick , 1920 ; exotic microlep . 2 ( 10 ) : 300 ; tl : new south wales , sydney

chelaria baliodes lower , 1920 ; trans . proc . r . soc . s . aust . 44 : 66 ; tl : warra , s . queensland

chelaria binummulata meyrick , 1929 ; exot . microlep . 3 ( 17 ) : 513 ; tl : natal , weenen

chelaria brachyrrhiza meyrick , 1921 ; exotic microlep . 2 ( 14 ) : 431 ; tl : fiji , lautoka

chelaria caryodora meyrick , 1913 ; j . bombay nat . hist . soc . 22 ( 1 ) : 164 ; tl : khasi hills , assam

chelaria cirrhospila meyrick , 1920 ; exotic microlep . 2 ( 10 ) : 302 ; tl : khasi hills , assam

chelaria corynetis meyrick , 1913 ; j . bombay nat . hist . soc . 22 ( 1 ) : 162 ; tl : maskeliya , ceylon

cryptopluta diakonoff , 1954 ; verh . k . akad . wet . amst . ( 2 ) 50 ( 1 ) : 21

nothris cyrtopleura turner , 1919 ; proc . r . soc . qd 31 ( 10 ) : 165 ; tl : n . australia , port darwin ; n . queensland , kuranda

chelaria demonstrata meyrick , 1920 ; exotic microlep . 2 ( 10 ) : 303 ; tl : new guinea , kei is .

chelaria dermatica meyrick , 1921 ; exotic microlep . 2 ( 14 ) : 432 ; tl : queensland , brisbane

taiwan , thailand , philippines , ceylon , andaman is . , borneo , sulawesi , queensland . see [ maps ]

tituacea [ sic ] deviella ; ponomarenko , 1997 , far east . ent . 50 : 43

chelaria discissa meyrick , 1916 ; exot . microlep . 1 ( 19 ) : 581 ; tl : queensland , cairns

disposita ( meyrick , 1931 ) ( chelaria ) ; exotic microlep . 4 ( 2 - 4 ) : 71

nothris dissidens meyrick , 1913 ; ann . transv . mus . 3 ( 4 ) : 301 ; tl : waterval onder

ephippias ( meyrick , 1937 ) ( chelaria ) ; exotic microlep . 5 ( 3 ) : 95

chelaria ericta meyrick , 1913 ; j . bombay nat . hist . soc . 22 ( 1 ) : 162 ; tl : maskeliya , ceylon

chelaria euchorda meyrick , 1923 ; exot . microlep . 3 ( 1 - 2 ) : 31 ; tl : brazil , para , parintins

cymatomorpha euplecta meyrick , 1904 ; proc . linn . soc . n . s . w . 29 ( 2 ) : 412 ; tl : brisbane , queensland ; sydney , new south wales ; gisborne , victoria ; quorn , south australia

larva on quercus mongolica ponomarenko , 1997 , far east . ent . 50 : 39

chelaria formidolosa meyrick , 1916 ; exot . microlep . 1 ( 19 ) : 581 ; tl : natal , pinetown

chelaria haligramma meyrick , 1926 ; exot . microlep . 3 ( 12 ) : 382 ; tl : anakapalli , s . india

larva on anacardium occidentale ponomarenko , 1997 , far east . ent . 50 : 39

chelaria harpophora meyrick , 1921 ; exotic microlep . 2 ( 14 ) : 431 ; tl : queensland , brisbane

psoricoptera hora busck , 1914 ; proc . u . s . nat . mus . 47 ( 2043 ) : 14 ; tl : alhajuela , panama

chelaria improba meyrick , 1913 ; ann . transv . mus . 3 ( 4 ) : 297 ; tl : barberton

gelechia indica swinhoe , 1885 ; proc . zool . soc . lond . 1885 : 884 ; tl : bombay , india

chelaria instaurata meyrick , 1921 ; zool . meded . leyden 6 : 165 ; tl : java , preangor , 5000ft

chelaria iophana meyrick , 1913 ; j . bombay nat . hist . soc . 22 ( 1 ) : 162 ; tl : ceylon

chelaria isopogon meyrick , 1929 ; exot . microlep . 3 ( 17 ) : 513 ; tl : belke , kanara , india

chelaria isoptila meyrick , 1913 ; j . bombay nat . hist . soc . 22 ( 1 ) : 163 ; tl : kandy , ceylon

chelaria isotricha meyrick , 1921 ; zool . meded . leyden 6 : 164 ; tl : java , preangor , 5000ft

chelaria lactifera meyrick , 1913 ; j . bombay nat . hist . soc . 22 ( 1 ) : 161 ; tl : khasi hills , assam

chelaria lecticata meyrick , 1926 ; exot . microlep . 3 ( 9 ) : 282 ; tl : transvaal , pilgrims rest

chelaria loxosaris meyrick , 1918 ; ann . transv . mus . 6 ( 2 ) : 21 ; tl : natal , umkomaas

chelaria mancipata meyrick , 1913 ; ann . transv . mus . 3 ( 4 ) : 297 ; tl : three sisters

chelaria melanecta meyrick , 1914 ; ann . s . afr . mus . 10 ( 8 ) : 246 ; tl : transvaal , johannesburg

chelaria melanocharis meyrick , 1934 ; exotic microlep . 4 ( 16 - 17 ) : 511 ; tl : telawa , java

chelaria meliptila meyrick , 1926 ; exot . microlep . 3 ( 9 ) : 283 ; tl : new ireland , st . matthias i .

chelaria metaphorica meyrick , 1921 ; exotic microlep . 2 ( 14 ) : 430 ; tl : queensland , brisbane

chelaria microgramma meyrick , 1920 ; exotic microlep . 2 ( 10 ) : 301 ; tl : new south wales , sydney

mycetinopa ( meyrick , 1934 ) ( chelaria ) ; exotic microlep . 4 ( 15 ) : 451

chelaria nimbigera meyrick , 1926 ; exot . microlep . 3 ( 9 ) : 283 ; tl : new ireland , new hanover i .

chelaria nodifera meyrick , 1930 ; ann . soc . ent . fr . 99 ( suppl ) : 724 ; tl : tonkin

chelaria orthomochla meyrick , 1932 ; exotic microlep . 4 ( 7 ) : 199 ; tl : java

chelaria orthostathma meyrick , 1921 ; exotic microlep . 2 ( 14 ) : 429 ; tl : queensland , brisbane

chelaria parichniota meyrick , 1938 ; dt . ent . z . iris 52 : 4 ; tl : likiang , china

chelaria particulata meyrick , 1913 ; j . bombay nat . hist . soc . 22 ( 1 ) : 167 ; tl : maskeliya , ceylon

chelaria phacelota meyrick , 1913 ; j . bombay nat . hist . soc . 22 ( 1 ) : 166 ; tl : peradeniya , ceylon

gelechia pilosella walker , 1864 ; list spec . lepid . insects colln br . mus . 29 : 640 ; tl : sarawak , borneo

chelaria probolaea meyrick , 1913 ; ann . transv . mus . 3 ( 4 ) : 298 ; tl : barberton

allocota procax meyrick , 1911 ; trans . linn . soc . lond . ( 2 ) 14 : 274

chelaria rhicnota meyrick , 1916 ; exot . microlep . 1 ( 19 ) : 580 ; tl : shevaroys , s . india

larva on mangifera indica ponomarenko , 1997 , far east . ent . 50 : 40

= ; ponomarenko , 1997 , far east . ent . 50 : 40 ; [ nhm card ]

= ; [ nhm card ] ; ponomarenko , 1997 , far east . ent . 50 : 40 ; [ nhm card ]

larva on betula spp . , alnus spp . , corylus avellana , carpinus betulus , populus spp . ponomarenko , 1997 , far east . ent . 50 : 41

chelaria scopulosa meyrick , 1913 ; j . bombay nat . hist . soc . 22 ( 1 ) : 165 ; tl : karwar , kanara

cymatomorpha scotia turner , 1919 ; proc . r . soc . qd 31 ( 10 ) : 160 ; tl : n . queensland , kuranda

chelaria silvestris meyrick , 1913 ; j . bombay nat . hist . soc . 22 ( 1 ) : 164 ; tl : khasi hills , assam

allocota simulacrella meyrick , 1904 ; proc . linn . soc . n . s . w . 29 ( 2 ) : 420 ; tl : sydney , new south wales

chelaria solutrix meyrick , 1911 ; ann . transv . mus . 3 ( 1 ) : 69 ; tl : woodbush village

sorograpta ( meyrick , 1931 ) ( chelaria ) ; exotic microlep . 4 ( 2 - 4 ) : 70

chelaria spathota meyrick , 1913 ; j . bombay nat . hist . soc . 22 ( 1 ) : 165 ; tl : konkan , bombay

larva on mangifera indica , lannea grandis ponomarenko , 1997 , far east . ent . 50 : 41

deuteroptila sphenophora meyrick , 1904 ; proc . linn . soc . n . s . w . 29 ( 2 ) : 419 ; tl : brisbane , queensland

chelaria stasimodes meyrick , 1931 ; exotic microlep . 4 ( 2 - 4 ) : 70

subdentata diakonoff , 1954 ; verh . k . akad . wet . amst . ( 2 ) 50 ( 1 ) : 17

gelechia sublectella walker , 1864 ; list spec . lepid . insects colln br . mus . 29 : 640 ; tl : sarawak , borneo

chelaria syncrypta meyrick , 1916 ; exot . microlep . 1 ( 19 ) : 580 ; tl : maskeliya , ceylon

chelaria tenebrosa meyrick , 1920 ; exotic microlep . 2 ( 10 ) : 301 ; tl : south australia , quorn

chelaria tephroplintha meyrick , 1923 ; exot . microlep . 3 ( 1 - 2 ) : 30 ; tl : fiji , labasa

chelaria tephroptila meyrick , 1931 ; exotic microlep . 4 ( 2 - 4 ) : 70 ; tl : mahableshwar , bombay

larva on quercus acutissima , quercus serrata , q . variabilis , q . glauca , q . phillyraeoides ueda , 2012 , trans . lepid . soc . japan 62 ( 2 ) : 85

chelaria tessulata meyrick , 1921 ; exotic microlep . 2 ( 14 ) : 431 ; tl : queensland , cairns

semodictis tetraptila meyrick , 1909 ; ann . transv . mus . 2 ( 1 ) : 16 , pl . 5 , f . 7 ; tl : kranspoort , pretoria

chelaria tonsa meyrick , 1913 ; j . bombay nat . hist . soc . 22 ( 1 ) : 164 ; tl : khasi hills , assam

episacta toreuta turner , 1919 ; proc . r . soc . qd 31 ( 10 ) : 162 ; tl : n . queensland , kuranda , near cairns

chelaria trachyspila meyrick , 1933 ; exotic microlep . 4 ( 12 ) : 354

chelaria triannulata meyrick , 1911 ; ann . transv . mus . 3 ( 1 ) : 69 ; tl : woodbush village

tricosma ( meyrick , 1933 ) ( chelaria ) ; exotic microlep . 4 ( 12 ) : 355

larva on quercus mongolica ponomarenko , 1997 , far east . ent . 50 : 41

chelaria verticosa meyrick , 1913 ; j . bombay nat . hist . soc . 22 ( 1 ) : 166 ; tl : n . coorg , 3500ft

chelaria xerophanta meyrick , 1930 ; ann . soc . ent . fr . 99 ( suppl ) : 724 ; tl : tonkin

chelaria xylotechna meyrick , 1932 ; exotic microlep . 4 ( 7 ) : 199 ; tl : java

chelaria zesticopa meyrick , 1929 ; exot . microlep . 3 ( 17 ) : 514 ; tl : texas , alpine , fort davis , 5000 - 8000ft ; new mexico , bent , 7000ft

[ afromoths ] de prins , j . & de prins , w . , 2013

sangmi lee , richard brown & sibyl bucheli . gelechioidea - a global framework ;

[ maps ] warning ! the maps are automatically generated from the textual information , and the process does not always produce acceptable result ; see about maps for more info .

microlepidoptera of new guinea , results of the third archbold expedition ( american - netherlands indian expedition 1938 - 1939 ) . part iv

the natural history of british insects ; explaining them in their several states . . . with the history of such minute insects as require investigation by the microscope

lepidoptera britannica , sistens digestimen novam lepidopterorum quae in magna britannica reperiunter . . . adjunguntur dissertationes variae ad historiam naturalam spectantes

systema naturae per regna tria naturae , secundum clases , ordines , genera , species , cum characteribus , differentiis , symonymis , locis . tomis i . 10th edition

in gardiner , no . xii . tortricina and tineina . results of the percy sladen trust expedition to the indian ocean in 1905

walsingham , 1881 on the tortricidae , tineidae , and pterophoridae of south africa trans . ent . soc . 1881 ( 2 ) : 219 - 288 , pl . 10 - 13

if you have corrections , comments or information to add into these pages , just send mail to markku savela keep in mind that the taxonomic information is copied from various sources , and may include many inaccuracies . expert help is welcome .

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dentalium neohexagonum is a species of tusk shell , a marine scaphopod mollusk in the family dentaliidae .

as the latin name implies , the cross section of this shell is hexagonal ; hence its common name is six-sided tusk shell .

this species occurs along the central and southern california coast of the pacific ocean .

the shells of this species are known to have been used by the chumash people at least as early as circa 1000 ad , in the morro bay area .

they were used as shell money rather than food .

dentalium neohexagonum

dentalium neohexagonum <EOT> dentalium neohexagonum , the sixsided tusk shell . it is a little under an inch long . ( january 2014 )

belongs to dentalium according to u . s . grant and h . r . gale 1931

pilsbry h . a . & sharp b . ( 1897 - 1898 ) . scaphopoda , in manual of conchology , ( 1 ) 17 , p . i - xxxii [ 1898 ] , 1 - 144 [ 1897 ] 145 - 280 [ 1898 ] , pl . 1 - 26 [ 1897 ] , 27 - 37 [ 1898 ] . conchological section , academy of natural sciences , philadelphia , available online at urltoken [ details ]

sharp & pilsbry in pilsbry & sharp , 1897 . accessed through : world register of marine species at : urltoken ; = 344168 on 2018 - 07 - 09

keen , a . m . 1971 . sea shells of tropical west america . marine mollusks from baja california to peru , ed . 2 . stanford university press . xv , 1064 pp . , 22 pls . [ details ]

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turgeon , d . d . , a . e . bogan , e . v . coan , w . k . emerson , w . g . lyons , w . pratt , et al .

turgeon , d . d . , j . f . quinn , jr . , a . e . bogan , e . v . coan , f . g . hochberg , w . g . lyons , et al .

common and scientific names of aquatic invertebrates from the united states and canada : mollusks , 2nd ed .

disclaimer : itis taxonomy is based on the latest scientific consensus available , and is provided as a general reference source for interested parties . however , it is not a legal authority for statutory or regulatory purposes . while every effort has been made to provide the most reliable and up - to - date information available , ultimate legal requirements with respect to species are contained in provisions of treaties to which the united states is a party , wildlife statutes , regulations , and any applicable notices that have been published in the federal register . for further information on u . s . legal requirements with respect to protected taxa , please contact the u . s . fish and wildlife service .

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eol content is automatically assembled from many different content providers . as a result , from time to time you may find pages on eol that are confusing .

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confused by a class within a class or an order within an order ? please see our brief essay .

to cite this page : myers , p . , r . espinosa , c . s . parr , t . jones , g . s . hammond , and t . a . dewey . 2018 . the animal diversity web ( online ) . accessed at https : / / animaldiversity . org .

disclaimer : the animal diversity web is an educational resource written largely by and for college students . adw doesn ' t cover all species in the world , nor does it include all the latest scientific information about organisms we describe . though we edit our accounts for accuracy , we cannot guarantee all information in those accounts . while adw staff and contributors provide references to books and websites that we believe are reputable , we cannot necessarily endorse the contents of references beyond our control .

this material is based upon work supported by the national science foundation grants drl 0089283 , drl 0628151 , due 0633095 , drl 0918590 , and due 1122742 . additional support has come from the marisla foundation , um college of literature , science , and the arts , museum of zoology , and information and technology services .

this is a fragment of the shell of a scaphopod ( tusk shell ) . the cross section is hexagonal . this species is still extant , and its common name is the six - sided tusk shell . the length is 1 . 2 cm .

back to itano family home page last modified : august 22 , 1998 . send comments to webmaster @ urltoken

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from old spanish coins to shark teeth to beach glass to seashells , every beach has treasures to make it special . the beach ' s treasures might even be the gorgeous views or spectacular sunsets ! we at beach treasures and treasure beaches love to explore , and we would be thrilled if you would join us on our treasure hunts .

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some special little shells have washed up around the county in the past few weeks . i’ve been lucky to be able to sneak off to the beach here and there in the midst of a busy schedule , and was thrilled to find my first - ever tusk shell in january on the sand at false point , on the northern end of the tourmaline surfing park . it is a six - sided tusk shell , and there was only one . after looking for tusk shells on and off for the past 37 years in san diego , this seemed pretty special .

then , last week , i took a walk south from the southern end of imperial beach , and found a lot of tusk shells in the drift debris at low tide . these were almost all the indian money tusk , the shell that was prized as currency by the native peoples of the west coast in the past . two little six - sided tusks were found that day also .

antalis pretiosum , the indian money tusk . the largest is a little over an inch long . ( february 2014 )

back at false point in january , there were tiny tinted wentletraps washed up here and there on the sand . the largest in the photo is about ¼ inch long .

one more san diego beach treasure…but from a while ago , are these trivias found in the shelly debris at low tide way back around the year 2000 . they were found at torrey pines state beach , and i have never seen them since . they are about ¼ inch long .

robyn , what fun ! you have quite an eye . these tiny beach treasures are absolutely wonderful ! thank you so much for sharing your beachy times and your amazing treasure trove with us ! i feel as if i’ve just had a great day at the beach too ! ~ jody


ethmiopsis scriniata is a moth in the gelechiidae family .

it was described by meyrick in 1913 .

it is found in sri lanka , vietnam and possibly taiwan .

the wingspan is about 17 mm .

the forewings are fuscous much mixed and suffused with white and with three elongate dark fuscous marks on the costa anteriorly , two posteriorly , and with a flattened-triangular spot in the middle , and three small spots towards the apex .

there are some scattered blackish scales on the margins of the cell anteriorly , as well as slender black interrupted plical and median streaks on the posterior half of the wing , and two or three black dashes towards the costa posteriorly .

the hindwings are grey , paler and thinly scaled anteriorly and with the veins dark grey .

ethmiopsis scriniata

ethmiopsis scriniata <EOT> this is the place for scriniata definition . you find here scriniata meaning , synonyms of scriniata and images for scriniata copyright 2017 © urltoken

ethmiopsis scriniata ; ponomarenko , 1997 , far east . ent . 50 : 43

have a fact about ethmiopsis scriniata ? write it here to share it with the entire community .

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here you will find one or more explanations in english for the word scriniata . also in the bottom left of the page several parts of wikipedia pages related to the word scriniata and , of course , scriniata synonyms and on the right images related to the word scriniata .

ethmiopsis aganactes ; ponomarenko , 1997 , far east . ent . 50 : 42

ethmiopsis catarina ; ponomarenko , 1997 , far east . ent . 50 : 42

ethmiopsis epichthonia ; ponomarenko , 1997 , far east . ent . 50 : 42

ethmiopsis heppneri ; ponomarenko , 1997 , far east . ent . 50 : 42

ethmiopsis prosectrix ; ponomarenko , 1997 , far east . ent . 50 : 42

ethmiopsis subtegulifera ; ponomarenko , 1997 , far east . ent . 50 : 43

ethmiopsis tegulifera ; ponomarenko , 1997 , far east . ent . 50 : 43

chelaria scriniata meyrick , 1913 ; j . bombay nat . hist . soc . 22 ( 1 ) : 163 ; tl : pundalalouya , ceylon

ethmiopsis prosectrix meyrick , 1935 ; mat . microlep . fauna chin . prov . : 69 ; tl : tien - mu - shan

= ; [ sangmi lee ] ; ponomarenko , 1997 , far east . ent . 50 : 42

= ; ponomarenko , 1997 , far east . ent . 50 : 42 ; [ sangmi lee ]

chelophoba aganactes meyrick , 1935 ; mat . microlep . fauna chin . prov . : 72 ; tl : tien - mu - shan

dactylethrella catarina ponomarenko , 1994 ; japan heteroc . j . 176 : 8 ; tl : rjasanovka , primorskii krai

homoshelas epichthonia meyrick , 1935 ; mat . microlep . fauna chin . prov . : 71 ; tl : lungtan

homochela heppneri park , 1995 ; tropical lepid . 6 ( 1 ) : 79 ; tl : pingtung co . , taiwan

chelophoba melaina clarke , 1986 ; smithshon . contr . zool . 416 : 173 ; tl : marquesas archipelago , fatu hiva , omoa

dactylethrella subtegulifera ponomarenko , 1994 ; japan heteroc . j . 176 : 7 ; tl : gornotaezhnoe , primorskii krai

dactylethra tegulifera meyrick , 1932 ; exotic microlep . 4 ( 7 ) : 201 ; tl : s . ussuri

larva on quercus mongolica , quercus serrata ponomarenko , 1997 , far east . ent . 50 : 43

sangmi lee , richard brown & sibyl bucheli . gelechioidea - a global framework ;

[ maps ] warning ! the maps are automatically generated from the textual information , and the process does not always produce acceptable result ; see about maps for more info .

sattler , 1973 a catalogue of the family - group and genus - group names of the gelechiidae , holcopogonidae , lecithoceridae and symmocidae ( lepidoptera ) bull . br . mus . nat . hist . ( ent . ) 28 ( 4 ) : 153 - 282

if you have corrections , comments or information to add into these pages , just send mail to markku savela keep in mind that the taxonomic information is copied from various sources , and may include many inaccuracies . expert help is welcome .

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nb : the taxon name search is for single names only . for example , to locate dysodia vitrina flammata warren , 1904 you should enter flammata only .

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page 59 and 60 : omelko , n . v . & omelko , m . m . 1993 .

page 67 : contents introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . .

( lepidoptera : pieridae ) . tropical lepidoptera 3 ( 1 ) - association for . . .

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xenolechia ontariensis is a moth of the gelechiidae family .

it is found in north america , where it has been recorded from manitoba to texas , as well as arizona and possibly california .

the wingspan is about 12 mm .

adults are similar to xenolechia querciphaga , but the ground colour is whitish-grey and the overlying wing colour is distinctly browner .

adults are on wing from april to july .

xenolechia ontariensis

xenolechia ontariensis <EOT> xenolechia ontariensis keifer , 1933 ; calif . dept . agric . , mon . bull . 22 : 359

supported as 1878 xenolechia ontariensis by dna barcoding , bold lpoke609 - 12 this specimen is shown here : bold : aac6357 found at uv light near pond in wooded area of a flood plain .

xenolechia querciphaga keifer , 1933 ; calif . dept . agric . , mon . bull . 22 : 358

xenolechia lindae huemer & karsholt , 1999 ; microlep . europe 3 : 98 , 29 ; tl : hellas , lakonia 7km sw monemvasia

xenolechia pseudovulgella huemer & karsholt , 1999 ; microlep . europe 3 : 97 , 29 ; tl : hellas , lakonia 5km s . monemvasia

xenolechia ceanothiae priest , 2014 ; j . lep . soc . 68 ( 2 ) : 103 ; tl : michigan , preque isle co .

xenolechia velatella busck , 1907 ; proc . ent . soc . wash . 8 ( 3 - 4 ) : 90 ; tl : arizona , williams

xenolechia pseudovulgella ; [ nhm card ] ; lee & brown , 2008 , zootaxa 1818 : 55 ; sumpich & skyva , 2012 , nota lepid . 35 ( 2 ) : 171 ; [ fe ]

photographs are the copyrighted property of each photographer listed . contact individual photographers for permission to use for any purpose .

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upcoming events 2018 bugguide gathering in virginia july 27 - 29 : registration and discussion photos of insects and people from the 2015 gathering in wisconsin , july 10 - 12 photos of insects and people from the 2014 gathering in virginia , june 4 - 7 . photos of insects and people from the 2013 gathering in arizona , july 25 - 28 photos of insects and people from the 2012 gathering in alabama photos of insects and people from the 2011 gathering in iowa photos from the 2010 workshop in grinnell , iowa photos from the 2009 gathering in washington

disclaimer : dedicated naturalists volunteer their time and resources here to provide this service . we strive to provide accurate information , but we are mostly just amateurs attempting to make sense of a diverse natural world . if you need expert professional advice , contact your local extension office .

contributors own the copyright to and are solely responsible for contributed content . click the contributor ' s name for licensing and usage information . everything else copyright © 2003 - 2018 iowa state university , unless otherwise noted .

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this gallery shows my live photos alongside their amazing high definition genitalia pictures of gelechiidae moths courtesy of dr . tony thomas of new brunswick .

1787  white - edged coleotechnites moth  coleotechnites albicostata img _ 5681 . jpg

1852  ten - spotted honeysuckle moth  athrips mouffetella img _ 5743 . jpg

1852 - ten - spotted honeysuckle moth - athrips mouffetella img _ 6118 . jpg

1881  crepuscular rock - rose moth  neotelphusa sequax img _ 5591 . jpg

2288  many - spotted dichomeris moth  dichomeris punctipennella img _ 5205 . jpg

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photographed in toronto , ontario on 17 june 2015 . photograph © david beadle .

photographed in toronto , ontario on 19 june 2014 . photograph © david beadle .

marsh fern moth ( fagitana littera ) . photographed at portage lake , parry sound district , ontario on 5 july 2015 . © david beadle .

naf , seu , ceu , turkey , . . . . , texas . see [ maps ]

gelechia ( poecilia ? ) basistrigella zeller , 1873 ; verh . zool . - bot . ges . wien 23 ( abh . ) : 270 ; tl : texas

larva on ceanothus americanus , ceanothus herbaceus adamski , landry , nazari & priest , 2014 , j . lep . soc . 68 ( 2 ) : 109

recurvaria ceanothiella braun , 1921 ; ent . news 32 ( 1 ) : 10 ; tl : dutch flat , placer co . , california

larva on ceanothus divaricatus braun , 1921 , ent . news 32 ( 1 ) : 11

[ afromoths ] de prins , j . & de prins , w . , 2013

sangmi lee , richard brown & sibyl bucheli . gelechioidea - a global framework ;

[ maps ] warning ! the maps are automatically generated from the textual information , and the process does not always produce acceptable result ; see about maps for more info .

zeller , 1873 beiträge zur kenntniss der nordamerikanischen nachtfälter , besonders der microlepidopteren ( 2 ) verh . zool . - bot . ges . wien 23 ( abh . ) : 201 - 334 , pl . 3 - 4

if you have corrections , comments or information to add into these pages , just send mail to markku savela keep in mind that the taxonomic information is copied from various sources , and may include many inaccuracies . expert help is welcome .


eupithecia matheri is a moth in the geometridae family .

it is found in connecticut , new york , new jersey , pennsylvania , virginia , north carolina , mississippi , louisiana , texas and possibly kansas .

the length of the forewings is 9 mm for males and 8.5 – 10 mm for females .

the forewings are grey with a faint brown tinge .

the hindwings are paler than the forewings , but darkened along the anal margin .

adults are on wing from late january to the beginning of april .

eupithecia matheri

eupithecia matheri <EOT> home » guide » arthropods ( arthropoda ) » hexapods ( hexapoda ) » insects ( insecta ) » butterflies and moths ( lepidoptera ) » geometrid and swallowtail moths ( geometroidea ) » geometrid moths ( geometridae ) » larentiinae » eupitheciini » eupithecia » eupithecia matheri - hodges # 7509 . 1 ( eupithecia matheri )

the eupithecia ( lepidoptera , geometridae ) of mississippi and louisiana . american museum novitates ; no . 2809

" seven species of eupithecia ( larentiinae ) are found in the states of mississippi and louisiana . one of these , occurring throughout the southeastern united states , has been misidentified as herefordaria ; it is described as e . matheri , new species ( type locality : vicksburg , mississippi ) . the true herefordaria cassino and swett is redescribed ; it is found only in southeastern arizona . two other new species are described : e . vicksburgi ( type locality : vicksburg , mississippi ) and e . broui ( type locality : weyanoke , louisiana ) . the other taxa found in these two states are e . peckorurn heitzman and enns ( reported for the first time from both states and eastern texas ) , miserulata grote , jejunata medunnough , and swettii grossbeck . diagnostic notes are given for exudata pearsall , from the middle atlantic states , to distinguish it from matheri and jejunata . all species are described ; the adults and genitalia are illustrated " - - p . [ 1 ] .

a taxon identifier is composed of name , author , year and attribute , all separated by a blank . these are all extracted from the original publication .

the name is reproduced exactly as proposed in the original publication . the name of a genus is made up of one word and species made up of two words ( genus and species ) separated by a blank .

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created by dicky sick ki yu 1997 - 2012 please send me information about errors and omissions ( contact information ) with supporting references , possibly with pdf or hard copy .

photographs are the copyrighted property of each photographer listed . contact individual photographers for permission to use for any purpose .

ferris , c . d . , 2018 . geometridae : larentiinae : eupitheciini ( part ) . lepidoptera of north america , part 14 . contributions of the c . p . gillette museum of arthropod diversity colorado state university ( over 116 color plates of adult moths w / genitalia - accessed 3 / 9 / 2018 )

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upcoming events 2018 bugguide gathering in virginia july 27 - 29 : registration and discussion photos of insects and people from the 2015 gathering in wisconsin , july 10 - 12 photos of insects and people from the 2014 gathering in virginia , june 4 - 7 . photos of insects and people from the 2013 gathering in arizona , july 25 - 28 photos of insects and people from the 2012 gathering in alabama photos of insects and people from the 2011 gathering in iowa photos from the 2010 workshop in grinnell , iowa photos from the 2009 gathering in washington

disclaimer : dedicated naturalists volunteer their time and resources here to provide this service . we strive to provide accurate information , but we are mostly just amateurs attempting to make sense of a diverse natural world . if you need expert professional advice , contact your local extension office .

contributors own the copyright to and are solely responsible for contributed content . click the contributor ' s name for licensing and usage information . everything else copyright © 2003 - 2018 iowa state university , unless otherwise noted .

odenton , anne arundel county , maryland , usa april 8 , 2013 size : 0 . 25 x 0 . 80 inches

found near balcony light on evening of first 70 + deg . f day in spring . one of the pugs ?

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american museum novitates novitates ( latin for " new acquaintances " ) , published continuously and numbered consecutively since 1921 , are short papers that contain descriptions of new forms and reports in zoology , paleontology , and geology . new numbers are published at irregular intervals .

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the spread moth is from the collection of john glaser of baltimore , md . it was taken from the pretty boy reservoir , baltimore county , md april 8th , 2001 .

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disclaimer : itis taxonomy is based on the latest scientific consensus available , and is provided as a general reference source for interested parties . however , it is not a legal authority for statutory or regulatory purposes . while every effort has been made to provide the most reliable and up - to - date information available , ultimate legal requirements with respect to species are contained in provisions of treaties to which the united states is a party , wildlife statutes , regulations , and any applicable notices that have been published in the federal register . for further information on u . s . legal requirements with respect to protected taxa , please contact the u . s . fish and wildlife service .