the brazilian three-banded armadillo ( tolypeutes tricinctus ) is an armadillo species endemic to brazil , where it is known as tatu-bola ( [ tɐˈtu ˈbɔlɐ ] , lit . ball armadillo ) .

it is one of only two species of armadillo ( the other is the southern three-banded armadillo ) that can roll into a ball .

it has suffered a 30 % decline in population in the last 10 years .

brazilian three - banded armadillo

brazilian three - banded armadillo <EOT> two species of three - banded armadillos are recognized : the brazilian three - banded armadillo ( t . tricinctus ) , and the southern three - banded armadillo ( t . matacus ) . three - banded armadillos are the only armadillo species that can roll into a ball .

the brazilian three - banded armadillo occurs in the cerrado biodiversity hotspot ( cons . intl . 2005 ) .

the brazilian three - banded armadillo ( tolypeutes tricinctus ) and the southern three - banded armadillo ( tolypeutes matacus ) are the only species who can roll themselves into a ball .

habitat brazilian three - banded armadillos are endemic to brazil , south america . subspecies there are no subspecies of the brazilian three - banded armadillo . interesting facts the word armadillo is spanish for " little armored one " in brazil they are known as tatu - bola . the southern three - banded armadillo and the brazilian three - banded armadillo are the only two species of armadillo that can completely roll themselves into a ball to defend themselves from predators . similar animals southern three - banded armadillo

rodrigo castro coordinates the brazilian three - banded armadillo project at the caatinga association and is passionate about the species .

the brazilian three - banded armadillo is classified as vulnerable ( vu ) on the iucn red list ( 1 ) .

armadillos belong to the dasypodidae family . there are 20 species of armadillos , including the nine - banded armadillo , the giant armadillo , the common long - nosed armadillo , and the brazilian three - banded armadillo .

pictures : brazilian three - banded armadillo ( 85 kb jpeg ) ( armad . online ) , related species - southern three - banded armadillo ( tolypeutes matacus ) ( 40 kb jpeg ) ( terrambiente )

the fact that the three - banded armadillo is a vulnerable species is very fitting .

the mascot of the 2014 fifa world cup – the brazilian three - banded armadillo – remains vulnerable as its population continues to decline .

de oliveira , t . g . 1995 . the brazilian three - banded armadillo tolypeutes tricinctus in maranhão . edentata 2 : 18 - 19 .

the three - banded armadillo is the only species that can roll into a ball for protection .

the southern three - banded armadillo , also called the la plata three - banded armadillo , is an armadillo species from south america . it is native to parts of northern argentina , southwestern brazil , paraguay and bolivia .

it’s official ! the brazilian three - banded armadillo ( tolypeutes tricinctus ) is the mascot of the 2014 fifa world cup which will take place in brazil .

the brazilian three - banded armadillo mainly occurs in caatinga habitat , but it is also found in the eastern parts of cerrado habitat ( iucn 2006 ) .

the brazilian three - banded armadillo is listed as a vulnerable species and is the basis of the fuleco mascot that will feature on official merchandise and souvenirs .

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" according to our latest research in the brazilian market fuleco is known by 95 % of the brazilian population . "

the three - banded armadillo , named for the three distinctive bands on its shell and found in northeastern brazil , was introduced as the mascot in september .

over the last 10 - 12 years , the brazilian three - banded armadillo has declined due to heavy hunting , range loss , and habitat loss and degradation ( iucn 2006 ) .

although the brazilian three - banded armadillo was listed as vulnerable by the iucn ( the international union for conservation of nature ) almost two decades ago , its situation is even more desperate now .

the southern three - banded armadillo is indigenous to central south america , ranging between argentina , brazil , paraguay , and bolivia .

“the fact that the three - banded armadillo is a vulnerable species is very fitting , ” said fifa secretary general jerome valcke .

marinho , j . , m . marques guimarães , et al . 1997 . the discovery of the brazilian three - banded armadillo in the cerrado of central brazil . edentata 3 : 11 - 13 .

the brazilian three - banded armadillo occurs in central and northeastern brazil . it has been recorded from the states of bahia , ceará , pernambuco , alagoas , sergipe , piaui , mato grosso ( extreme east central ) , goias , the federal district , minas gerais ( extreme northwest ) , tocantins . paraiba and rio grande do norte . the brazilian three - banded armadillo has probably disappeared over much of its range , and it occurs at very low population densities . the brazilian three - banded armadillo is estimated to have experienced a population decline of more than 30 % over the last 10 - 12 years . ( iucn 2006 )

" the brazilian three - banded armadillo gave life to fuleco , but fuleco has achieved very little for the three - banded armadillo . we hope that millions of people watching the matches will become aware of the plight of this animal and that the world cup will have an impact on the fate of the species , " rodrigo castro told the bbc .

the brazilian three - banded armadillo is easily captured and is hunted for food . its habitat is naturally fragmented and threatened by agricultural development , cutting for charcoal and mining for the underlying calcareous deposits . ( nowak 1999 )

southern three - banded armadillos are the only armadillo species that can roll up into a ball , enclosing its vulnerable parts inside its shell . baby southern three - banded armadillos are born blind and can ' t roll up like this at first .

the 9 - banded armadillo has 4 identical pups in every litter , either all male or all female , and the 7 - banded armadillo produces between 8 and 15 identical offspring .

fifa says more than 1 . 7 million people in brazil took part in the vote to select the name for the three - banded armadillo .

the brazilian three - banded armadillo is found in dry , open country . it is believed to feed mainly on termites , but it may also eat other invertebrates and fruit . it obtains its insect prey by probing into the ground , under bark , and into nests with its powerful forelegs and claws . the brazilian three - banded armadillo occurs in central and northeastern brazil . this armadillo has probably disappeared over much of its range , and it occurs at very low population densities . its population has declined more than 30 % in recent years . the brazilian three - banded armadillo is easily captured and is hunted for food . its habitat is naturally fragmented and threatened by agricultural development , cutting for charcoal and mining .

like most armadillos , the southern three - banded is covered in plates of leathery armor that protect it from predator s . but what makes this armadillo special is its ability to roll completely into a ball . the neighboring brazilian three - banded armadillo is the only other armadillo with this adaptation . the adaptation works well in the wild—only jaguars , alligators , and pumas are powerful enough to punch through the protective plates .

1 . the nine - banded armadillo is the only species found in the u . s .

yes , they can ! three - banded armadillos tolypeutes sp . ( cingulata : dasypodidae ) dig their own burrows

until its rediscovery in the early 1990s , it was believed that the brazilian three - banded armadillo ( tolypeutes tricinctus ) had become extinct ( 1 ) . this species can be distinguished by its blackish - brown armour plating , which covers the body , head and tail . the plating on the body forms two domed shells , separated by three armoured bands which are joined together by flexible bands of skin . these flexible regions allow the brazilian three - banded armadillo to roll into a ball , thereby protecting its vulnerable underparts . it is one of only two species , the other being the southern three - banded armadillo , capable of this remarkable feat . other distinctive features of the brazilian three - banded armadillo are the second , third and fourth toes of the hind feet , which are fused into a hoof - like claw . by contrast , the fore feet have five separate digits each bearing sharp , powerful claws ( 2 )

the three - banded armadillo is among the most poorly known species of armadillo , and is a priority for research , especially in its ecology , conservation , population genetics , reproduction , and threats .

scientists have called on fifa and the brazilian government to designate parts of the armadillo ' s dry forest habitat as protected areas .

earlier this month the brazilian environment ministry invited a group of over 30 scientists , including miranda and castro , to meet for a week in the natural reserve of serra das almas , in the northeastern state of ceara , to help draw up a five year national action plan for the conservation of the brazilian three - banded armadillo .

" the outcome depends to a great extent on fifa . we still hope it will understand this is the first ever world cup that could leave a lasting legacy for biodiversity , helping to save the brazilian three - banded armadillo from extinction " .

sao paulo ( ap ) — brazilians have selected the name " fuleco " for the three - banded armadillo mascot for the 2014 world cup after a three - month voting process that was derided by fans as undemocratic .

sanborn cc ( 1930 ) distribution and habits of the three - banded armadillo ( tolypeutes ) . journal of mammalogy 11 : 61 - 69 . [ links ]

brazilian ngo , associação caatinga , led the campaign to make the brazilian three - banded armadillo the mascot of the 2014 fifa world cup . the iucn ssc anteater , sloth and armadillo specialist group , along with the nature conservancy , have now joined associação caatinga as partners in the next stage of the campaign to increase awareness of this wonderful species and generate additional funding for conservation .

three - banded armadillos are blackish brown in color . most animals have three moveable bands , although some possess only two , and others may have four . members of the genus

the official 2014 world cup mascot , the brazilian three - banded armadillo ( the tolypeutes tricinctus ) , a creature that is indigenous to brazil , is seen in this undated handout image released to reuters september 16 , 2012 . reuters / fifa / handout

embed this arkive thumbnail link ( " portlet " ) by copying and pasting the code below . < a href = " urltoken " title = " arkive species - southern three - banded armadillo ( tolypeutes matacus ) " > < img src = " urltoken " alt = " arkive species - southern three - banded armadillo ( tolypeutes matacus ) " title = " arkive species - southern three - banded armadillo ( tolypeutes matacus ) " border = " 0 " / > < / a >

diet in zoo : the three banded armadillo is fed a diet of insectivore pellets ( moistened in water ) as well as vegetables / fruit and super worms daily .

the southern three - banded armadillo can be found in a number of locations including : south america . find out more about these places and what else lives there .

the three - banded armadillo , which is in danger of extinction , rolls up into the shape of a ball when threatened and is commonly found in northeastern brazil .

cardoso da silva , j . m . and d . c . oren . 1993 . observations on the habitat and distribution of the brazilian three - banded armadillo tolypeutes tricinctus , a threatened caatinga endemic . mammalia 57 ( 1 ) : 149 - 152 .

fifa and the local organising committee ( loc ) are excited to introduce one of the most high - profile ambassadors of the 2014 fifa world cup™ : a unique brazilian three - banded armadillo ( the tolypeutes tricinctus ) , a creature that is indigenous to brazil .

three - banded armadillos can roll completely into a ball . can you think of other animals that have evolved defensive adaptations ?

sanborn , c . c . ( 1930 ) distribution and habits of the three - banded armadillo ( tolypeutes ) . journal of mammalogy , 11 : 61 - 69 .

bernier d ( 2003 ) north american regional studbook for the southern three - banded armadillo ( tolypeutes matacus ) . chicago , lincoln park zoo , 49p . [ links ]

the mascot was officially launched as part of brazilian broadcaster tv globo’s weekly fantástico entertainment show , where he was welcomed by brazilian football legend and member of the loc management board , ronaldo .

" in the last evaluation of the brazilian list of endangered species last year , the three - banded armadillo moved from ' vulnerable ' to ' in danger ' because it lost nearly 50 % of its habitat in the last 15 years ( three generations for the animal ) , " said flavia miranda , deputy chair of the anteater , sloth and armadillo specialist group at the iucn .

sanborn , c . c . 1930 . distribution and habits of the three - banded armadillo ( tolypeutes ) . journal of mammalogy 11 ( 1 ) : 61 - 69 .

fifa said the mascot , unveiled by former brazil striker ronaldo during a television programme late on sunday , represented the three - banded armadillo , an endangered species indigenous to brazil .

the following habitats are found across the southern three - banded armadillo distribution range . find out more about these environments , what it takes to live there and what else inhabits them .

the brazilian three - banded armadillo faces the dual threats of heavy hunting pressure and habitat loss . this species’ habit of rolling into ball when threatened means that it is easily caught for food , and it has therefore suffered heavy losses throughout its range ( 1 ) ( 3 ) . in addition , its habitat has been degraded and destroyed by expanding agriculture , mining and charcoal harvesting ( 2 ) . with a low reproductive rate , the brazilian three - banded armadillo is unable to tolerate the overexploitation that is occurring and has been driven to extinction in several localities ( 3 )

habitat loss is a challenge for many species , including the southern three - banded armadillo . during the 20 th century , the rich rio de la plata river basin underwent agricultural development ; the habitat changed from a flood plain to cultivate d fields of crop s such as soy and sorghum . today , the southern three - banded armadillo is classified as a near threatened species .

the name armadillo is spanish and means ‘little armoured one’ . the most common and populated armadillo is the nine - banded armadillo ( dasypus novemcinctus ) who has extended its range in central america due to lack of natural predators .

* * * the brazilian three - banded armadillo and its close relative tolypeutes matacus are the only two armadillos that can completely enclose themselves by rolling into a ball . there is considerable space in its shell into which it can fit its head , legs , and tail when it rolls up .

but fifa and the brazilian government were less committed . pressed by an international news agency , fifa declared that fuleco “helped to raise awareness in brazil about the three - banded armadillo and its status of vulnerable species” , but said that the mascot is not being “used to promote specific environmental messages” .

the brazilian three - banded armadillo is threatened by heavy hunting pressure and habitat loss . one of the main causes of deforestation in the caatinga - one of the areas this species of armadillo is found - is the extraction of native forest for the production of firewood . plantations of biofuel crops and cattle ranching are additional problems that significantly affect its habitat .

another growing threat to all armadillos is habitat destruction : all species except the nine - banded armadillo dasypus novemcinctus are decreasing in population . five armadillo species are classified as vulnerable .

“we are sure that the fact that a threatened species is featured in such an important event will not only trigger conservation initiatives to save the brazilian three - banded armadillo from extinction , but also help increase awareness for biodiversity conservation in general , ” said dr mariella superina , chair , iucn species survival commission ( ssc ) anteater , sloth and armadillo specialist group .

brazilian three - banded armadillo ( tolypeutes tricinctus ) – endemic to brazil , south america . one of only 2 species of armadillo that can roll itself into a ball . preferred habitat is savannas and dry woodland . main diet includes ants and termites . also eats mollusks , worms , fruit and carrion . it has a long sticky tongue to lap up ants .

of the 20 varieties of armadillo , all but one live in latin america . the familiar nine - banded armadillo is the only species that includes the united states in its range .

" this unique defensive strategy helped the three - banded armadillo survive 140 million years of evolution but it makes it vulnerable to human beings , because when it rolls into a ball it remains still " .

this poorly known species , which is found only in brazil , is listed as vulnerable on the iucn red list of threatened species™ . it was believed to be extinct until it was rediscovered in 1988 in a handful of locations . the brazilian three - banded armadillo is quite unique as when threatened , it rolls up into an almost impenetrable ball with its ears tucked into the shell and the head and tail interlocked to seal the shell completely . it is one of only two species of armadillo ( the other is the southern three - banded armadillo ) that can roll into a ball .

due to the fact that the southern three - banded armadillo does not dig a burrow , it is easier to hunt than other armadillo species , and faces high - levels of hunting pressure across its range ( 1 ) ( 5 ) . this threat is compounded by the conversion of large amounts of its species ' habitat to agricultural land . as a result , the southern three - banded armadillo is undergoing a significant decline and may soon warrant threatened status ( 1 ) .

the brazilian three - banded armadillo is the only armadillo species endemic to brazil . while this species has probably disappeared from much of its historical range , it has been recorded in the states of bahia , ceará , pernambuco , alagoas , sergipe , piauí , mato grosso , goiás , the federal district , minas gerais , tocantins , paraíba and rio grande do norte ( 1 ) .

“the mascot will play a key ambassadorial role in the next two years , ” said ronaldo , who played in three world cups and was an unused squad member in 1994 , on brazilian television .

the topeka zoo is excited about the arrival of their newest southern three - banded armadillo . the spherically prone boy was born may 5 th and is the third offspring of mom , ‘erin’ , and dad , ‘mulligan’ .

this iucn red list update also includes the re - assessment of the 2014 fifa world cup mascot , the brazilian three - banded armadillo tolypeutes tricinctus . the species is believed to have declined by more than a third over the last 10 to15 years due to a 50 % loss of its dry shrubland caatinga habitat . its status remains vulnerable .

nine - banded armadillos are known for often giving birth to four identical pups .

brazilians choose name for 2014 world cup mascot fifa says more than 1 . 7 million people in brazil took part in the vote to select the name for the three - banded armadillo . check out this story on urltoken urltoken

gestation for an armadillo lasts 60 to 120 days , depending on the species . some species , such as the southern three - banded armadillo , will have litter sizes that range from one to eight . the young are born with soft , leathery skin , which hardens within a few weeks . they reach sexual maturity in three to 12 months , depending on species .

the species , along with the brazilian three - banded armadillo , is the only armadillo capable of rolling into a complete ball for defense and protection . the three characteristic bands that cover the back of the animal allow it enough flexibility to fit its tail and head together , allowing it to protect its underbelly , limbs , eyes , nose and ears from predators . the shell covering its body is armored and the outer layer is made out of keratin , the same protein that builds human fingernails .

marinho - filho , j . , guimarăes , m . m . , reis , m . l . , rodrigues , f . h . g . , torres , o . and de almeida , g . ( 1997 ) the discovery of the brazilian three - banded armadillo in the cerrado of central brazil . edentata , 3 : 11 - 13 .

due to the fact that the southern three - banded armadillo does not dig a burrow , and has the habit of rolling into a ball when threatened , it is easier to hunt than other armadillo species , and faces high - levels of hunting pressure across its range ( 1 ) ( 5 ) . this threat is compounded by the conversion of large amounts of its species’ habitat to agricultural land . as a result , the southern three - banded armadillo is undergoing a significant decline and may soon warrant threatened status ( 1 ) .

while the three - banded armadillos might be cute , they are just like every animal and part of a food web . historically , this armadillo has been hunted for food and for sale to either zoos or the exotic pet market .

the brazilian three - banded armadillo occurs in two distinct regional ecosystems , the cerrado region in central brazil , characterised by savanna and dry - forest ( 3 ) ; and the caatinga region in north - east brazil , characterised by dry shrubland and thorn forest ( 4 ) . both regions have well defined dry and wet seasons ( 3 ) ( 4 ) .

armadillos are classed as a ‘threatened’ species except for the nine - banded armadillo whose population is expanding . major threats are habitat loss and over - hunting . armadillo flesh is consumed in the americas by some cultures .

but three years after the announcement of the mascot we were disappointed to see that not a single action specifically focused on protecting this endangered species or its habitat had been put into practice by fifa and the brazilian government .

the final mascot design was chosen after fifa and the loc had analysed 47 different proposals created by six different brazilian agencies . the designs were further analysed through extensive research carried out amongst its primary target audience , brazilian children between the ages of five and twelve , with the favourite being the armadillo , created by 100 % design .

the southern three - banded armadillo is commonly found in the most arid parts of the gran chaco ( 1 ) , but also occurs in areas of grassland and marshland between scattered forests in the state of mato grosso , brazil ( 3 ) .

these days , the san diego zoo and san diego zoo safari park have three - banded armadillos that serve as excellent animal ambassadors , meeting guests up close and making television appearances .

the brazilian three - banded armadillo ( tolypeutes tricinctus ) can roll itself into a ball so tight that only a puma ' s claws can penetrate its protective shell . but this evolutionary advantage hasn ' t done much to protect the species from humans , who have turned savannah habitats into inhospitable cattle ranches and soybean plantations . once found throughout brazil , the armadillos—one of 20 armadillo species that live through much of north and south america—are now restricted to several shrinking pockets of habitat . scientists estimate that the brazilian species ' s population has dropped by as much as 30 percent in the past decade .

cuellar e ( 2002 ) census of the three - banded armadillo tolypeutes matacus using dogs , southern chaco , bolivia . mammalia 66 : 448 - 451 . doi : 10 . 1515 / mamm . 2002 . 66 . 3 . 439 [ links ]

finally , we asked that the brazilian government to accelerate the completion of the armadillo’s species conservation plan . for 20 years the armadillos have been listed as vulnerable , without any formal plan to improve their status .

the southern three - banded armadillo is found in a number of protected areas , which provide a refuge from the habitat destruction that is occurring within its range . in addition , a captive population of this species is maintained in north america ( 1 ) .

the three - banded armadillo has a long , sticky , straw - like pink tongue that allows it to gather up and eat many different species of insects , typically ants and termites . in captivity , armadillos also eat foods such as fruits and vegetables .

the remaining forested regions are intensely used as sources of both industrial and domestic fuelwood and extensive livestock ranching . more than 20 million people live within the caatinga , most among the poorest in brazil , boosting the hunting pressure on the three - banded armadillo .

contrary to popular belief , not all armadillos are able to encase themselves in their shells . in fact , only the three - banded armadillo can , curling its head and back feet and contorting its shell into a hard ball that confounds would - be predators .

the female brazilian three - banded armadillo produces only a single young in each litter , which is born extremely well - developed , having the appearance of a miniature version of the adult . the young is almost immediately able to walk and roll into a ball , but remains with the parent until weaned at around 72 days old . sexual maturity is reached at around 9 to 12 months ( 2 ) .

conservation message : the biggest threat to their species is hunting pressures . humans find them easy to catch and kill . another major threat to the brazilian three banded armadillo is habitat destruction from both mining ( charcoal ) and agricultural developments in their native ranges . the two things most frequently grown in their home ranges are sugar cane and soybean plantations . other large plots of land are being cleared to house livestock .

bolkovic ml , caziani sm , protomastro jj ( 1995 ) food habits of the three - banded armadillo ( xenarthra : dasypodidae ) in the dry chaco of argentina . journal of mammalogy 76 : 1199 - 1204 . doi : 10 . 2307 / 1382612 [ links ]

what lives in brazil and looks like a football ? brazil’s official world cup mascot . the three - banded armadillo is a mammal native to brazil’s dry tropical forests , and rolls into a ball when threatened . but nearly half of the armadillos’ habitat has been cleared .

baby armadillos are called pups . according to the san diego zoo , twin births are common . nine - banded armadillos have four identical pups of the same gender in every litter , and the seven - banded armadillo has eight to 15 identical pups at one time .

three - banded armadillos live mainly in brazil’s arid northeast and are threatened by habitat destruction . they are unusual among armadillos in that they can roll up into a ball to defend themselves from predators .

judging by the many cartoonish depictions of armadillos curling up into tight balls and rolling away , you ' d assume that most species would be capable of this defense mechanism . but the only armadillos equipped with this adorable ability are the two species belonging to the tolypeutes genus , also known as the brazilian and southern three - banded armadillos . all other armadillo species have too many plates , making this kind of flexibility impossible .

but then the brazilian government , perhaps worried about its image abroad , finally announced on may 22 , the publication of the species´ conservation action plan .

" from the 11 armadillo species found in brazil , only two have the ability to roll into a ball : the one that inspired the mascot , which is endemic to brazil , and another species , the southern three - banded armadillo , tolypeutes matacus , that can be found not only in southwestern brazil but also in argentina , paraguay and bolivia " .

the southern three banded armadillo is remarkable for being one of the few armadillo species capable of rolling into a ball ( 2 ) . the armour - plating that covers the body is divided into two domed shells , with three armoured bands in between , joined by flexible bands of skin . these flexures allow the body to bend in the middle , snapping the lower edges of the two body shells together , thereby forming an impregnable ball ( 2 ) ( 3 ) . other distinctive features of the southern three - banded armadillo are the second , third and fourth toes of the hind feet , which are fused into a hoof - like claw . by contrast , the fore feet have four separate digits each bearing sharp , powerful claws ( 3 )

the southern three - banded armadillo is found from eastern bolivia and south - western brazil , south through the gran chaco region of paraguay , to the province of buenos aires in argentina . it is known to occur from sea level up to elevations of 770 m ( 1 ) .

bolković , m . l . , caziani , s . m . and protomastro , j . j . ( 1995 ) food habits of the three - banded armadillo ( xenarthra : dasypodidae ) in the dry chaco , argentina . journal of mammalogy , 76 : 1199 - 1204 .

fifa has not responded directly to the challenge set in biotropica magazine , but in a statement sent to the bbc , it said that choosing fuleco as the official mascot " has helped to raise awareness in brazil around the three - banded armadillo and its status as a vulnerable species .

over the next several weeks , hundreds of millions of people around the world will sit and cheer in front of their televisions and computer screens as the 2014 fifa world cup takes place in brazil . some of the world ' s top athletes will be on display during the month - long soccer competition that runs from june 12 through july 13 — and so will the world cup mascot , a brazilian three - banded armadillo named fuleco .

there are 20 armadillo species in the americas ; most live in central or south america . only the nine - banded armadillo is native to the united states . as body size and food sources vary , so do the home range and habitat of each armadillo species . in fact , everything varies when you ' re talking about armadillos !

gestation period lasts 120 days after which a single , blind infant is born . infants are able to roll into balls within a few hours of birth . infants are weaned at 10 weeks and reach sexual maturity at 9 – 12 months . life span is up to 15 years in the wild . brazilian three - banded armadillos are classed as a ‘vulnerable’ species .

while these peculiar creatures spend the majority of their time eating or sleeping , armadillos have also been known to get silly from time to time . in the video above , a southern three - banded armadillo named rollie plays with a toy bear at a zoo in green bay , wisconsin .

the screaming hairy armadillo gets its name from the sound it makes when threatened .

the armadillo mascot for the brazil 2014 world cup poses for photographs in october .

blackish - brown in coloration , the three banded armadillo can reach between 218 and 273mm in length and weigh 1 . 0 - 1 . 5 kg . it’s shell is comprised of two dome halves that are separated by three individual bands of shell . all of the shells moving pieces are connected by flexible skin . the brazilian and the southern three banded armadillos are the only two species to be able to curl into a complete ball . their tails fit along side their heads perfectly to close any gaps that might allow predators access . both the front and back feet on this armadillo have five toes . in the back , the middle three toes grow together but are separate from the outer toes . in the front , however , all five toes are separate . the front toes each have a long claw on which the animal travels ( he does not actually place his foot on the ground ) . these claws are very powerful and are used to dig .

over the course of the world cup , it seems obvious that more people will see fuleco than will see actual brazilian three - banded armadillos . the rare animals , which live only in western brazil , were thought to be extinct until they were rediscovered in a few remote locations in the 1990s . today they are considered vulnerable to extinction , mostly due to habitat loss .

scientific projects aimed at the long - term conservation of the brazilian three - banded armadillo resulting from this funding will be coordinated by the deputy chair of the iucn ssc anteater , sloth and armadillo specialist group , dr flávia miranda . projects will include ; scientific research ; campaigns to raise awareness for conservation issues among the general public , especially , the local population ; the creation of protected areas ; and other actions that will help reduce the pressures on the brazilian three - banded armadillo , known locally as “tatu - bola” . found mainly in dry thorn scrub of north - eastern brazil , but also in bush savannah in central brazil , this species of armadillo does not dig holes but instead lives in abandoned burrows . measuring about 27cm , it is nocturnal and feeds on ants and termites as well as any grubs or spiders it encounters . it finds food by shuffling slowly along with its nose to the ground . when it detects prey , it frantically digs a hole and thrusts its nose into it , using its long , sticky tongue to lap up any food it finds .

designers focused on the armadillo ' s cutest qualities to create fuleco the fifa mascot . ( photo of armadillo : heather paul / flickr ; fuleco courtesy of fifa )

three - banded armadillos may be found at densities of up to 7 animals per square kilometer . they are primarily solitary , although groups of up to 12 have been observed sharing the same den site during cold spells .

all armadillos live in central and south america , except for one species . the nine - banded armadillo ranges from argentina to the southern united states , according to the animal diversity web ( adw ) at the university of michigan . since the mid - 19th century , nine - banded armadillos have expanded northward . they have been seen in florida and are now common in missouri . in 2000 , the body of a nine - banded armadillo was found in central illinois , according to adw .

an armadillo ' s armor is made up of overlapping plates covering the back , head , legs and tail . the number of armored bands identifies the different species , according to the san diego zoo . only one species , the three - banded armadillo , can roll itself into a hard armored ball to defend itself against predators . other armadillo species simply dig a hole quickly and hunker down so that their tender stomach is protected and their armor is the only thing visible .

although all armadillo species originate from south america , only the nine - banded armadillo ( dasypus novemcinctus ) has made it far enough north into the united states . if you happen to live in the south , it ' s not uncommon to find these critters rooting around in your backyard ( or sadly , on the side of the road ) . this is especially true in hot , rainy environments like texas , which named the nine - banded armadillo its state small mammal .

the armadillo , which is in danger of extinction , rolls up into the shape of a ball when threatened . the mascot carries the colors of the brazilian flag — the armadillo is yellow , with green shorts and a blue shell and tail . it is dressed in a white shirt with the words " brazil 2014 " written on it .

tolypeutes comprises tolypeutes matacus ( desmarest , 1804 ) and tolypeutes tricinctus ( linnaeus , 1758 ) , both species with the unique ability to roll into an almost perfect ball as a defense mechanism ( eisenberg & redford 1999 , wetzel et al . 2008 ) . these armadillo species have an average head plus body length of 25 cm and an average weight of 1 . 1 kg ( eisenberg & redford 1999 ) . the southern three - banded armadillo , t . matacus , is found primarily in the dry forests of the central region of south america , including western brazil , eastern and southern bolivia , western and northern paraguay , and northern argentina . the brazilian three - banded armadillo , t . tricinctus , occurs exclusively in the semi - arid scrub forests and savannas of the northeastern and central regions of brazil ( wetzel et al . 2008 , feijó et al . 2015 ) .

" the fact that the three - banded armadillo is a vulnerable species is very fitting , " fifa secretary general jerome valcke said in a statement . " one of the key objectives through the 2014 fifa world cup is to use the event as a platform to communicate the importance of the environment and ecology . "

the southern three banded armadillo is remarkable for being one of the few armadillo species capable of rolling into a ball ( 2 ) . the armour - plating that covers the body is divided into two domed shells , with three armoured bands in between , joined by flexible bands of skin . these flexures allow the body to bend in the middle , snapping the lower edges of the two body shells together to form a sphere , with the bony plates covering the head and tail neatly slotting together into a gap between the adjoined body shells , thereby closing it off completely ( 2 ) ( 3 ) . other distinctive features of the southern three - banded armadillo are the second , third and fourth toes of the hind feet , which bear hoof - like claws , while in contrast , the fore feet possess sharp , powerful claws ( 3 ) .

in order to stop its rapid decline , the brazilian three - banded armadillo requires urgent conservation action . it has been recommended that reintroduction programs be implemented to restore this species to areas of its former range , along with the provision of educational materials to highlight its plight and reduce hunting pressure ( 3 ) . it is uncertain if this species is found in any protected areas , although it hoped that a population might occur in grande sertão veredas national park in northern minas gerais ( 1 ) .

the caatinga dry forest once covered nearly 845 , 000 square km or about 11 % of the brazilian territory , but has now been reduced to half of its original area .

owing to its scarcity , relatively little is known about the biology of the brazilian three - banded armadillo ( 2 ) . like other armadillos , the diet of this species is likely to comprise invertebrates , particularly termites and ants , which are obtained by using its powerful fore claws to tear open mounds ( 2 ) ( 5 ) . it does not appear to seek refuge in burrows , and instead relies upon its ability to roll into an impregnable ball when threatened ( 1 ) ( 2 ) .

smith p ( 2007 ) southern three - banded armadillo tolypeutes matacus ( desmarest , 1804 ) . in : smith p ( ed . ) fauna paraguay : handbook of the mammals of paraguay . vol . 2 . available online at : available online at : urltoken [ accessed : 08 / 08 / 2016 ] [ links ]

the giant armadillo can have up to 100 teeth , according to the san diego zoo .

a cute armadillo stands on its hind legs . ( photo : ondrej prosicky / shutterstock )

the southern three - banded armadillo is typically yellow or brownish in color . they are among the smaller armadillos , with a total body length of about 8 . 7 to 10 . 6 inches ( 22 to 27 cm ) and a weight of between 2 . 2 and 3 . 5 lbs ( 1 and 1 . 6 kg ) .

the southern three - banded armadillo has an interesting mode of locomotion , walking on its hind - legs with the tips of the foreclaws touching the ground ( 3 ) . although when threatened this species is capable of running remarkably quickly to escape , more commonly it curls into a ball , which even strong - jawed predators such as dogs are unable to break open ( 3 ) ( 6 ) . as an additional defence , while curled up , the southern three - banded armadillo will leave a small gap between the edges of the body shells open . when the predator inserts a claw or snout into this gap in an attempt to reach the soft body parts , the armadillo quickly closes it , causing pain and possibly injury to the predator ( 6 ) ( 7 ) .

in related news , the southern three - banded armadillo ( t . matacus ) will be the mascot for the 2014 " sport your trainers " campaign , where people in scotland will pledge to wear sneakers ( " trainers " ) in support of that year ' s commonwealth games . that mascot won ' t be a cartoon , though : a real armadillo named dillon , a resident of the edinburgh zoo , will fill the role .

fifa said the three options were chosen by a " high - profile judging committee " that included former brazil player bebeto and brazilian celebrities and politicians . organizers said it wouldn ' t have been feasible to allow fans to send in suggestions because the names needed to fulfill several legal requirements involving trademarks and other rights .

an armadillo ' s hard shell is simply modified skin that serves as one way this unusual animal protects itself . when an armadillo feels threatened , it usually runs , digs , or presses its body down in the dirt to keep from getting flipped over . the three - banded armadillo is the only species that can roll up into a ball for protection : its teardrop - shaped head plate seals the opening so there are no chinks in the armor . threats to armadillos include domestic dogs , wild cats , birds of prey , and humans .

fifa said studies showed that the top terms used by the public to describe fuleco included " brazilian , " ' ' nature , " ' ' friendly " and " passion for football . "

while nature’s version is light brown in colour , fifa’s mascot is yellow with green eyes and a blue shell , the colours of the brazilian flag , and will be holding aloft a football .

the armadillo was named as brazil’s world cup mascot in an attempt to draw attention to its plight , but the brazilian government has been slow to take action . so , could football protect a species ? we thought so , and the results , if not exactly a goal , are hopeful .

in the looks department , the nine - banded armadillo appears naked , while the pink fairy armadillo is mostly furry and has little shell . in fact , it looks like a mole wearing a fancy , armored headdress and cape ! in the size department , armadillos range in length from the pink fairy armadillo at 3 inches ( 8 centimeters ) to the giant armadillo , which can be up to 5 feet ( 1 . 5 meters ) long from head to tail and weigh up to 132 pounds ( 60 kilograms ) .

first , we asked the brazilian government to fulfil its commitment to the world cup parks project . announced in late 2011 , the brazilian government promised us $ 275 million in infrastructure investments in 26 federal and 21 state and municipal protected areas . but two years later the number of protected areas that received the benefit was reduced to 16 and less than 2 % of the original money was effectively granted .

we were able to record other animals visiting the burrows built by t . matacus . we have recorded small rodents , small lizards and teju lizards entering and / or exiting the burrow . hence , three - banded armadillos burrowing habits could be potentially benefiting other species .

the southern three - banded armadillo is peculiar amoung armadillos for its rolling behavior . it can completely close its shell around its entire body . usually it leaves a small space between a section of its armor , which it forcefully closes on the hand , finger , or paw of a would - be predator . this shell is also very efficient at trapping air , which is warmed by body heat , and thus conserves heat loss . three - banded armadillos are usually solitary but occasionally group together during cold weather . they do not dig burrows of their own but use abandoned anteater burrows , or they make their dens under dense vegetation .

funding the soon - to - be - created park would be good . how ? by donating part of the world cup legacy trust , a multi - million dollar charity fund which will be created after the tournament in brazil , to truly protect the three - banded armadillo and its habitat . that would really be the golden goal of the world cup in brazil .

photos : mascot via fifa . armadillo by chris stubbs via wikimedia commons , used under creative commons license

the brazilian three - banded armadillo—one of just two armadillo species that can roll into a complete ball—was thought to be extinct until it was rediscovered in the 1990s . it now exists only in scattered locations , mostly in the eastern portion of the country . in addition to habitat loss , the species is also classified as " vulnerable to extinction " because of subsistence hunting , according to the international union for conservation of nature and natural resources , and climate change , according to a paper published in august in biological conservation . the paper , by scientists from university of brasilia and the jaguar conservation fund , looked at three different climate change scenarios and found that for all of them the armadillo ' s arid habitats would become unsuitable by the year 2050 . the authors concluded that existing protected habitats in brazil will fail to preserve the species from climate change " under any scenario " and called for the creation of additional reserves .

that brings us back to fuleco . a team of scientists recently called for fifa to do more to protect the brazilian three - banded armadillo . specifically , they have called for fifa to protect 1 , 000 hectares ( about 4 square miles ) of the armadillo ' s critical habitat in the caatinga ecosystem for every goal scored over the course of the world cup . " protecting the remaining caatinga is extremely urgent , " josé alves siqueira of the federal university of the valley of são francisco said in a news release in may . " we want the choice of one of the caatinga ' s most iconic species as the world cup mascot to be more than just a symbolic one . "

three - banded armadillos principally eat beetle larvae , although ants and termites are an important portion of the diet during the dry season ( july to november ) . insects are obtained by burrowing into ground nests or under the bark of rotting trees . the animals also include a significant amount of fruit in their diet during the wet season . three - banded armadillos may be found at densities of up to 7 animals per square kilometer . they are primarily solitary , although groups of up to 12 have been observed sharing the same den site during cold spells .

this species of armadillo is easily caught by hand . its genetic makeup is very different from most armadillos .

description : three - banded armadillos are typically a yellow or brownish color ranging in size from about 9 - 13 in . when full grown , weighing from 2 - 3 . 5lbs . they have a long , sticky , pink tongue to gather up their food . they have very poor eyesight , and rely on their sense of smell to hunt . just like the nine - banded armadillo can have 8 - 10 bands , they can have 2 - 4 bands . their 2nd , 3rd , and 4th toes on their hind feet are fused together , similar to a hoof . when they walk , they use the tips of their fore claws , even when they are running . they have long powerful forelimbs and claws to help them dig into termite mounds . three - banded armadillos are the only species of armadillo that can roll itself into a ball . they will roll into a ball when they feel threatened .


bebearia paludicola , the swamp palm forester , is a butterfly in the nymphalidae family .

it is found in sierra leone , ivory coast , ghana , nigeria , cameroon , equatorial guinea , the republic of the congo , the central african republic and the democratic republic of the congo .

the habitat consists of swampy areas in forests .

the larvae feed on calamus deerratus .

bebearia paludicola

bebearia paludicola <EOT> img _ 1015 bebearia paludicola ♂ | ( many thanks to t . b . larse… | flickr

bebearia paludicola holmes , 2001 ; trop . zool . 14 ( 1 ) : 47 ; tl : cameroon

bebearia paludicola blandi holmes , 2001 ; trop . zool . 14 ( 1 ) : 48 ; tl : ghana

bebearia ( bebearia ) nivaria ( ward , 1871 ) = euryphene nivaria ward , 1871 = bebearia ( bebearia ) nivaria .

bebearia ( bebearia ) aurora graueri hecq , 1990 ; revue ent . gen . 1 : 31

etude des bebearia ( note no . 6 ) . sous - genre bebearia hemming groupe brunhilda kby

etude des bebearia ( note no . 7 ) . sous - genre bebearia hemming groupe severini aur .

bebearia mandinga beni hecq , 1990 ; revue ent . gen . 1 : 11

bebearia sophus monforti hecq , 1990 ; revue ent . gen . 1 : 20

bebearia hassoni hecq , 1998 ; ent . africana 3 ( 2 ) : 39

bebearia fontaineana intersecta hecq , 1990 ; revue ent . gen . 1 : 35

remarques sur quelques especes de nymphalidae africains des genres euphaedra , bebearia et euriphene .

etude des bebearia ( note no 4 ) . sous - genre apectinaria hecq groupe mardania

bebearia cocalioides hecqi holmes , 2001 ; trop . zool . 14 ( 1 ) : 46

revision du genre bebearia . note no . 1 . le groupe ' flaminia ' stgr .

bebearia dowsetti hecq , 1990 ; revue ent . gen . 1 : 25 ; tl : rwanda

bebearia bouyeri van de weghe , 2007 ; ent . afr . 12 ( 1 ) : 40

etude des bebearia ( note no . 6 ) . les groupes du sous - genre apectinaria hecq

bebearia ultima hecq , 1990 ; revue ent . gen . 1 : 38 ; tl : basse casmance

bebearia faraveli oremans , 1998 ; ent . africana 3 ( 1 ) : 35 ; tl : gabon

bebearia tini oremans , 1998 ; ent . africana 3 ( 1 ) : 37 ; tl : lolo valley

bebearia cocalia insularis kielland , 1985 ; arnoliad zimbabwe 9 ( 19 ) : 271 ; tl : pemba i .

bebearia orientis malawiensis holmes , 2001 ; trop . zool . 14 ( 1 ) : 56 ; tl : malawi

bebearia aurora theia hecq , 1989 ; lambillionea 89 : 72 ; tl : shaba , riv . lulua , kapanga

bebearia flaminia leventisi hecq & larsen , 1997 ; lambillionea 97 ( 1 ii ) : 102 , f . 1

bebearia hemming , 1960 ; annot . lep . ( 1 ) : 12 - 17 ; ts : euryphene iturina karsch

bebearia improvisa ; hecq , 2000 , butterflies of the world 9 : 4 , pl . 18 , f . 1

bebearia ivindoensis van de weghe , 2007 ; ent . afr . 12 ( 1 ) : 36 ; tl : gabon

bebearia lopeensis van de weghe , 2007 ; ent . afr . 12 ( 1 ) : 37 ; tl : gabon

= bebearia senegalensis katera ; hancock , 1992 , j . lep . soc . 46 ( 1 ) : 60 ♂ only

bebearia aurora ; hecq , 2000 , butterflies of the world 9 : 4 , pl . 15 , f . 4 ; [ afrl ]

bebearia kiellandi ; hecq , 2000 , butterflies of the world 9 : 4 , pl . 17 , f . 4 ; [ afrl ]

bebearia ikelemba kamituga ; hecq , 2000 , butterflies of the world 9 : 2 , pl . 3 , f . 1 ; [ afrl ]

bebearia hargreavesi d ' abrera , 1980 ; butterflies of the afrotropical region : 302 ; tl : masisi , n . w . kivu , 5000ft

bebearia fontaineana fontaineana ; hecq , 2000 , butterflies of the world 9 : 4 , pl . 20 , f . 7 ; [ afrl ]

bebearia fontaineana intersecta ; hecq , 2000 , butterflies of the world 9 : 4 , pl . 20 , f . 8 ; [ afrl ]

bebearia amieti ; hecq , 2000 , butterflies of the world 9 : 1 , pl . 2 , f . 7 , 10 ; [ afrl ]

bebearia dowsetti ; hecq , 2000 , butterflies of the world 9 : 3 , pl . 11 , f . 3 - 4 ; [ afrl ]

bebearia peetersi ; hecq , 2000 , butterflies of the world 9 : 4 , pl . 17 , f . 1 - 2 ; [ afrl ]

bebearia tessmanni innocuoides hecq , 2000 ; butterflies of the world 9 : 4 , pl . 17 , f . 7 ; tl : nigeria , okomu

bebearia ducarmei ; hecq , 2000 , butterflies of the world 9 : 4 , pl . 20 , f . 5 - 6 ; [ afrl ]

bebearia bioculata ; hecq , 2000 , butterflies of the world 9 : 4 , pl . 21 , f . 1 - 2 ; [ afrl ]

bebearia cutteri camiadei hecq , 2002 ; lambillionea 102 ( 2 ) : 205 , pl . 2 , f . 2 , 5 ; tl : congo , bangui

bebearia baueri ; hecq , 2000 , butterflies of the world 9 : 6 , pl . 7 - 8 , pl . 31 , f . 1 - 2

bebearia hargreavesi ; hecq , 2000 , butterflies of the world 9 : 3 , pl . 12 , f . 2 - 4 , 7 - 8 ; [ afrl ]

bebearia hassoni ; hecq , 2000 , butterflies of the world 9 : 3 , pl . 10 , f . 7 , pl . 13 , f . 6 ; [ afrl ]

bebearia cottoni ; [ bafr ] , 301 ; hecq , 2000 , butterflies of the world 9 : 3 , pl . 9 , f . 3 - 4 ; [ afrl ]

bebearia fulgurata ; [ bafr ] , 303 ; hecq , 2000 , butterflies of the world 9 : 4 , pl . 9 , f . 5 - 6 ; [ afrl ]

bebearia fontainei ; hecq , 2000 , butterflies of the world 9 : 3 , pl . 10 , f . 3 - 4 , pl . 13 , f . 3 - 4

bebearia raeveli ; hecq , 2000 , butterflies of the world 9 : 5 , pl . 24 , f . 4 , pl . 30 , f . 6 ; [ afrl ]

bebearia allardi ; hecq , 2000 , butterflies of the world 9 : 3 , pl . 10 , f . 5 - 6 , pl . 13 , f . 5 ; [ afrl ]

bebearia picturata ; hecq , 2000 , butterflies of the world 9 : 5 , pl . 24 , f . 1 - 2 , pl . 30 , f . 5 ; [ afrl ]

bebearia cutteri cuypersi hecq , 2002 ; lambillionea 102 ( 2 ) : 205 , pl . 2 , f . 4 , pl . 3 , f . 1 ; tl : congo , lukolela

bebearia schoutedeni ; [ bafr ] , 316 ( text ) ; hecq , 2000 , butterflies of the world 9 : 3 , pl . 11 , f . 1 - 2 ; [ afrl ]

bebearia ikelemba ; [ ebw ] ; [ bafr ] , 308 ; hecq , 2000 , butterflies of the world 9 : 2 , pl . 4 , f . 7 - 8 ; [ afrl ]

bebearia discors ; hecq , 2000 , butterflies of the world 9 : 4 , pl . 16 , f . 5 - 6 , pl . 29 , f . 1 - 2 ; [ afrl ]

bebearia oremansi ; hecq , 2000 , butterflies of the world 9 : 4 , pl . 16 , f . 7 - 8 , pl . 29 , f . 3 - 4 ; [ afrl ]

bebearia liberti ; hecq , 2000 , butterflies of the world 9 : 4 , pl . 18 , f . 7 - 8 , pl . 19 , f . 5 - 6 ; [ afrl ]

bebearia tini ; hecq , 2000 , butterflies of the world 9 : 5 , pl . 23 , f . 7 - 8 , pl . 30 , f . 3 - 4 ; [ afrl ]

bebearia chilonis ; hecq , 2000 , butterflies of the world 9 : 6 , pl . 27 , f . 3 - 4 , pl . 32 , f . 5 - 6 ; [ afrl ]

bebearia faraveli ; hecq , 2000 , butterflies of the world 9 : 6 , pl . 24 , f . 5 - 6 , pl . 30 , f . 7 - 8 ; [ afrl ]

bebearia makala ; [ bafr ] , 312 ; [ nhm card ] ; hecq , 2000 , butterflies of the world 9 : 5 , pl . 25 , f . 1 - 2 ; [ afrl ]

bebearia chloeropis ; [ bafr ] , 312 ; [ nhm card ] ; hecq , 2000 , butterflies of the world 9 : 5 , pl . 25 , f . 3 - 4 ; [ afrl ]

bebearia braytoni ; [ bafr ] , 304 ( text ) ; [ nhm card ] ; hecq , 2000 , butterflies of the world 9 : 5 , pl . 25 , f . 5 - 6 ; [ afrl ]

van de weghe , 2007 description de trois nouvelles especes de bebearia du cameroun et du gabon , et mise au point sur certaines especes ( lepidoptera , nymphalidae , limenitinae ) ent . afr . 12 ( 1 ) : 35 - 43

bebearia chriemhilda ; [ bafr ] , 302 ; [ bk ] : 308 , pl . 41 , f . 511 ; hecq , 2000 , butterflies of the world 9 : 3 , pl . 10 , f . 8 ; [ afrl ]

bebearia intermedia ; [ bafr ] , 314 ( text ) ; [ nhm card ] ; hecq , 2000 , butterflies of the world 9 : 4 , pl . 22 , f . 1 - 2 , pl . 30 , f . 2 ; [ afrl ]

bebearia cinaethon ; [ bow ] : pl . 92 , f . 23 ( text only ) ; [ bafr ] , 308 ; [ nhm card ] ; hecq , 2000 , butterflies of the world 9 : 2 , pl . 4 , f . 5 ; [ afrl ]

euryphene tentyris hewitson , 1866 ; ill . exot . butts [ 3 ] ( aterica & euryphene v - vi ) : [ 44 ] , pl . [ 22 ] , f . 21 - 22 ; tl : old calabar

euryphene tentyris var . seeldrayersi aurivillius , 1899 ; k . svenska vetenskakad . handl . 31 ( 5 ) : 201 ; tl : congo , momporo

guinea , sierra leone , libera , ivory coast , ghana . see [ maps ]

ivory coast , ghana , nigeria , cameroon , congo , zaire . see [ maps ]

sierra leone , liberia , ivory coast , ghana , nigeria , cameroon , gabon , congo , c . a . r . , zaire , w . uganda , nw . tanzania . see [ maps ]

euryphene carshena hewitson , 1871 ; ill . exot . butts [ 3 ] ( euryphene vii ) : [ 48 ] , pl . [ 24 ] , f . 31 - 32 ; tl : old calabar

euryphene tentyris var . languida schultze , 1920 ; ergeb . 2tn . dt . zent . afrika exp . 1 ( 14 ) : 724

papilio absolon fabricius , 1793 ; ent . syst . 3 ( 1 ) : 56

e . guinea , sierra leone , liberia , ivory coast , ghana , nigeria , cameroon , gabon , congo , c . a . r . , zaire

euryphene entebbiae lathy , 1906 ; trans . ent . soc . lond . 1906 ( 1 ) : 5 , pl . 2 , f . 1 ; tl : entebbe , uganda

nigeria , cameroon , gabon , congo , c . a . r . , zaire . see [ maps ]

sierra leone , liberia , ivory coast , ghana , nigeria , cameroon , equatorial guinea , gabon , congo , c . a . r . , zaire , uganda . see [ maps ]

aterica zonara butler , 1871 ; proc . zool . soc . lond . 1871 : 81 ; tl : fantee , cape coast

: pl . 92 , f . 20 ( text only , spell . ? )

aterica abesa hewitson , 1869 ; trans . ent . soc . lond . 1869 ( 1 ) : 74 ; tl : cape coast castle

guinea , sierra leone , liberia , ivory coast , ghana , togo , nigeria , cameroon , gabon , congo , c . a . r . , zaire

euryphene oxione hewitson , 1866 ; ill . exot . butts [ 3 ] ( aterica & euryphene v - vi ) : [ 44 ] ; tl : old calabar

cameroon , gabon , congo , angola , c . a . r . , zaire , uganda

euryphene oxione squalida talbot , 1928 ; bull . hill mus . 2 : 230 ; tl : entebbe

cameroon , congo , zaire , w . uganda ( bwamba , toro ) . see [ maps ]

euryphene comus ward , 1871 ; ent . mon . mag . 8 : 82 ; tl : cameroons

euryphene cinaethon hewitson , 1874 ; ill . exot . butts [ 3 ] ( euryphene ix ) : [ 52 ] , pl . [ 26 ] , f . 40 - 41 ; tl : west africa

euryphene ikelemba aurivillius , 1901 ; ent . tidskr . 22 : 116 ; tl : ikelemba r .

guinea , sierra leone , liberia , ivory coast , ghana , togo , w . cameroon , congo . see [ maps ]

papilio cocalia fabricius , 1793 ; ent . syst . 3 ( 1 ) : 250

zaire ( kivu ) , w . uganda , w . kenya , nw . tanzania

euryphene badiana rebel , 1914 ; ann . mus . wien . 28 : 245 , pl . 20 , f . 23 - 24

e . nigeria , cameroon , gabon , congo , n . angola , zaire , w . uganda , w . tanzania , w . zambia

senegal , gambia , guinea bissau , n . guinea , n . sierra leone , n . ivory coast . see [ maps ]

euryphene senegalensis herrich - schäffer , [ 1850 ] ; samml . aussereurop . schmett . ( ii ) 1 : 54 , 1 ( ? 6 ) pl . [ 23 ] , f . 95 - 98

euryphene orientis karsch , 1895 ; ent . nachr . 21 ( 18 ) : 277

euryphene mardania dealbata carcasson , 1958 ; occ . pap . coryndon mus . 5 : 8

nigeria , cameroon , congo , w . zaire , n . angola . see [ maps ]

euryphene guineensis c . & r . felder , [ 1867 ] ; reise fregatte novara , bd 2 ( abth . 2 ) ( 3 ) : 430 ; tl : guinea , calabar vetus

papilio sophus fabricius , 1793 ; ent . syst . 3 ( 1 ) : 46

guinea , sierra leone , liberia , ivory coast , ghana , togo , benin , nigeria , cameroon , . . . ?

euryphene phreone feisthamel , 1850 ; ann . soc . ent . fr . ( 2 ) 8 : 253 ( boisduval )

euryphene sophus audeoudi riley , 1936 ; mitt . schweiz . ent . ges . 16 ( 11 ) : 702 , pl . 7 , f . 2

eyryphene sophus ochreata carcasson , 1961 ; occ . pap . coryndon meml mus . ( 7 ) : 8

aterica barce doubleday , 1847 ; ann . mag . nat . hist . ( 1 ) 20 : 64 ; tl : sierra leone

euryphene barce maculata aurivillius , 1912 ; in seitz , gross - schmett . erde 13 : 178 , pl . 40 a

euryphene staudingeri aurivillius , 1893 ; ent . tidskr . 14 : 199 ; tl : camerun , n ' dian

nigeria , cameroon , gabon , congo , c . a . r . , angola , zaire , uganda , nw . tanzania , n . zambia . see [ maps ]

guinea , sierra leone , liberia , ivory coast , ghana . see [ maps ]

e . nigeria , cameroon , e . zaire , gabon . see [ maps ]

nigeria , cameroon , equatorial guinea , congo , c . a . r .

euryphene brunhilda kirby , 1889 ; ann . mag . nat . hist . ( 6 ) 3 ( 15 ) : 247 ; tl : cameroons

euryphene iturina karsch , 1894 ; ent . nachr . 20 ( 14 / 15 ) : 215

euryphene schoutedeni overlaet , 1954 ; ann . mus . congo belge ( n . s . ) sci . zool . 1 : 490

coastal areas ( e . kenya , e . tanzania ) . see [ maps ]

euryphene chriemhilda staudinger , 1896 ; dt . ent . z . iris 8 ( 2 ) : 370 , pl . 8 , f . 4

euryphene congolensis capronnier , 1889 ; bull . ent . soc . belg . 33 : cxxii ; tl : kassai

euryphene phranza hewitson , 1865 ; ill . exot . butts [ 3 ] ( euryphene ii ) : [ 37 ] , pl . [ 19 ] , f . 7 - 8 ; tl : old calabar

euriphene phranza robiginosus talbot , 1927 ; rev . zool . afr . 15 : 267

cameroon - zaire ( mbandaka - ituri , kasai ) . see [ maps ]

euryphene severini aurivillius , 1898 ; öfvers . k . vetenskakad . förh . stockh . 54 : 280 , f . 2 ; tl : congo , beni - bendi

euryphene aurora aurivillius , 1896 ; öfvers . k . vetenskakad . förh . 53 : 433 ; tl : ubangi

euryphene wilverthi aurivillius , 1898 ; ent . tidskr . 19 : 177 ; tl : congo

aurora kayonza jackson , 1956 ; j . e afr . nat . hist . soc . 23 ( 1 ) : 74

euryphene tessmanni grünberg , 1910 ; s . b . ges . naturf . fr . berl . 1910 ( 10 ) : 471 ; tl : spanish guinea

euryphene flaminia staudinger , 1891 ; dt . ent . z . iris , 4 ( 1 ) : 110 , pl . 1 , f . 4 ; tl : barombi station , cameroons

e . nigeria , cameroon , equatorial guinea , congo , zaire , w . uganda ?

euryphene maximiana staudinger , 1891 ; dt . ent . z . iris , 4 ( 1 ) : 112 ; tl : barombi station , cameroons

euryphene intermedia bartel , 1905 ; novit . zool . 12 : 144 ; tl : kamerun , barombi - station

euryphene nivaria ward , 1871 ; ent . mon . mag . 8 : 82 ; tl : cameroons

nigeria , cameroon , gabon , congo , c . a . r . , w . zaire

euryphene phantasiella staudinger , 1891 ; dt . ent . z . iris , 4 ( 1 ) : 114 ; tl : barombi station

euryphene phantasiella simulata van someren , 1939 ; j . e . afr . uganda nat . hist . soc . 14 ( 65 ) : 54 ; tl : katera

euryphene phantasiella var . ? phantasina staudinger , 1891 ; dt . ent . z . iris , 4 ( 1 ) : 114 ; tl : sierra leone

guinea , sierra leone , liberia , ivory coast , ghana , togo , e . nigeria

sierra leone , liberia , ivory coast , ghana , w . nigeria , cameroon , congo . see [ maps ]

guinea , sierra leone , liberia , ivory coast , ghana , togo , w . nigeria

euryphene demetra obsolescens talbot , 1928 ; bull . hill mus . 2 : 230 ; tl : bitje , ja river

euryphene makala bethune - baker , 1908 ; ann . mag . nat . hist . ( 8 ) 2 ( 12 ) : 473 ; tl : makala , congo free state

euryphene chloeropis bethune - baker , 1908 ; ann . mag . nat . hist . ( 8 ) 2 ( 12 ) : 474 ; tl : makala , congo free state

euryphene eliensis hewitson , 1866 ; ill . exot . butts [ 3 ] ( aterica & euryphene v - vi ) : [ 46 ] , pl . [ 23 ] , f . 23 - 26 ; tl : gaboon

zaire , s . cameroon , gabon , congo , c . a . r .

evena ceres var . unita capronnier , 1889 ; bull . ent . soc . belg . 33 : cxxiv

euryphene luteola bethune - baker , 1908 ; ann . mag . nat . hist . ( 8 ) 2 ( 12 ) : 474 ; tl : makala - beni ; ituri forest , mawamba - makala

euryphene ashantina dudgeon , 1913 ; ent . mon . mag . 49 : 204 ; tl : ashanti , gold coast

romaleosoma cutteri hewitson , 1865 ; ill . exot . butts [ 3 ] ( romaleosoma ii - iii ) : [ 31 ] , pl . [ 16 ] , f . 13 - 15 ; tl : old calabar

euphaedra cutteri harleyi fox , 1968 ; bull . i . f . a . n . ( a ) 30 : 1248 ; tl : wanau forest

euryphene innocua grose - smith & kirby , 1889 ; rhop . exot . [ 2 ] 1 : ( euryphene ) 1 , pl . 1 , f . 3 - 4 ; tl : cameroons

e . nigeria , cameroon , congo , c . a . r . , sw . zaire . see [ maps ]

e . nigeria , cameroun , gabon , congo , w . zaire . see [ maps ]

euryphene castanea holland , 1893 ; can . ent . 25 ( 1 ) : 1 ; tl : kangwé , ogové valley

euryphene ducalis grünberg , 1912 ; ergeb . dt . z . - afr . exped . 3 ( zool . 1 ) : 534

checklist of afrotropical papilionoidea and hesperoidea ; compiled by mark c . williams , 7th ed . ( 2008 ) ( april 2007 ) ;

[ maps ] warning ! the maps are automatically generated from the textual information , and the process does not always produce acceptable result ; see about maps for more info .

reise der österreichischen fregatte novara um die erde in den jahren 1857 , 1858 , 1859 unter den behilfen des commodore b . von wüllerstorf - urbair . zoologischer theil . band 2 . abtheilung 2 . lepidoptera . rhopalocera

contribution a la faune du congo ( brazzaville ) . mission a . villiers et a . descarpentries lxviii . lepidopteres nymphalidae , danaidae et riodinidae

illustrations of new species of exotic butterflies selected chiefly from the collections of w . wilson saunders and william c . hewitson

lepidoptera of the congo . being a systematic list of the butterflies and moths collected by the american museum of natural history congo expedition together with descriptions of some hitherto undescribed species

new lepidoptera collected by mr . t . a . barns , in east central africa . new forms of rhopalocera

verzeichniss der von professor dr . r . bucholz in west - africa gesammelten schmetterlinge

wissenschaftliche ergebnisse der expedition r . grauernach . zentralafrika . 1909 - 1911 . lepidoptera

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to cite this page : myers , p . , r . espinosa , c . s . parr , t . jones , g . s . hammond , and t . a . dewey . 2018 . the animal diversity web ( online ) . accessed at https : / / animaldiversity . org .

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