hydrocynus is a genus of large characin fish in the family alestidae commonly called " tigerfish , " endemic to the african continent .

the genus name is derived from ancient greek ὕδωρ ( " water " ) + κύων ( " dog " ) .

( in fact , this fish is popularly referred to as poisson chien ( dog fish ) in french-speaking west africa . ) the genus contains five species , all popularly known as " african tigerfish " for their fierce predatory behavior and other characteristics that make them excellent game fish .

hydrocynus are normally piscivorous but h. vittatus is the only freshwater fish proven to prey on birds in flight .

hydrocynus

hydrocynus <EOT> introduction , acknowledgements & suggested reading general care key to species hydrocynus goliath hydrocynus brevis hydrocynus forskahlii hydrocynus vittatus hydrocynus cf . " stout vatf " hydrocynus cf . " big eye " hydrocynus tanzaniae references

- lower congo , sympatric with hydrocynus goliath and hydrocynus vittatus s . s .

african tiger fish ( hydrocynus ) id and care guide 3 . 0 | urltoken

a guide to the care and id of african tiger fish ( hydrocynus ) 3 . 0

cryptic diversity of african tigerfish ( genus hydrocynus ) reveals palaeogeographic signatures of linked neogene geotectonic events .

the five recognised and named species of hydrocynus . from bottom . . . | download scientific diagram

the spatio - temporal congruence of cladogenic events in hydrocynus with episodes of tectonism in the african rift system .

lewis , d . s . c . ( 1974 ) the food and feeding habits of hydrocynus forskahlii cuvier and hydrocynus brevis gunther in lake kainji , nigeria . j . fish biol . 6 : 349 - 363 pdf

bayesian tree of the cytochrome b sequence data of hydrocynus produced in beast , using the gtr parameters specified by modeltest .

bayesian tree of the cytochrome b sequence data of hydrocynus produced in mrbayes , using the gtr parameters specified by modeltest .

maximum parsimony of the cytochrome b sequence data of hydrocynus produced in paup , using the gtr parameters specified by modeltest .

cryptic diversity of african tigerfish ( genus hydrocynus ) reveals palaeogeographic signatures of linked neogene geotectonic events . - pubmed - ncbi

dated bayesian tree of the cyt b sequence data of hydrocynus produced in beast , using the gtr parameters specified by modeltest .

paugy , d . and j . - f . guégan 1989 note à propos de trois espèces d ' hydrocynus ( pisces , characidae ) du bassin du niger suivie de la réhabilitation de l ' espèce hydrocynus vittatus ( castelnau , 1861 ) . rev . hydrobiol . trop . v . 22 ( no . 1 ) : 63 - 69 .

bell - cross , g . ( 1966 ) preliminary observations on hydrocynus vittatus in the upper zambezi river system . fish res . bull . zamb . 4 : 21 - 27 pdf

summary of 88 genotyped individuals of hydrocynus characterized in this study , together with 2 genbank sequences , ordered by taxa with corresponding haplotype designations ( total = 42 ) and their collection sites .

completely absent from the hobby . what we thought were tatf were in fact cf . " big eye " , which matches the scale counts for hydrocynus tanzaniae perfectly , but is indisputably from the congo river .

map . the principal drainage systems and localities of key relevance to tigerfish biogeography and associated research . distributional lacunae depicted in yellow denote lakes and rivers where tigerfish do not occur . the distribution of tanzanian tigerfish , hydrocynus tanzaniae is highlighted for the rufiji - ruaha drainage system ( white ) . although hydrocynus are listed as occurring in the rovuma drainage system ( green ) , the identity of these fish , if present , awaits elucidation .

fin clips or muscle tissue were collected from 88 hydrocynus individuals sampled from 12 drainage systems in the study area , preserved in 96 % ethanol and stored at room temperature or 4°c until dna extraction ( table s1 ) .

hydrocynus tanzaniae . i ' ve had this pic forever , but i don ' t remember where it came from . this is the only in - tank shot i ' ve ever seen that appears to match a true tanzy .

brewster , b . ( 1986 ) a review of the genus hydrocynus cuvier 1819 ( teleostei , characiformes ) . bull . brit . mus . nat . hist . ( zool . ) 50 ( 3 ) : 163 - 206 . pdf

with the aim of resolving the cryptic diversity in hydrocynus , current research is examining representative museum specimens of all these taxa in a multi - faceted generic revision . this revision will include formal taxonomic evaluation of all cryptic lineages revealed by mtdna genotyping .

the inaugural publication on tigerfish evolution is published in plos one . an overview of the project ( cotterill and goodier 2009 ) summarizes the described diversity of hydrocynus , and also places the phylogeographic aspects of the research into the context of drainage evolution .

not formally described . broadly matches the overall appearance and published description of hydrocynus vittatus s . s . , but scale counts perfectly match those of hydrocynus tanzaniae : 43 - 47 lateral line scales and 3 scale rows between the lateral line and the pelvic fin insertion . known from the lower congo , sympatric with hydrocynus goliath and hydrocynus vittatus s . s . . cf . " big eyes " are a bright , whitish silvery color . they can have red , orange or yellow caudal fins with both lobes having color . the center of the caudal fin , regardless of color , is often red . paired fins are often pale yellow or orange . the anus is often orange or red . coloration will often be washed out in extremely young individuals . vatf from the upper zambezi display sexually dimorphic coloration ; it is unclear if this applies to cf . " big eye " . mature males had bright yellow caudal fins with bright red markings on the bottom lobe . mature females had bright orange caudal fins .

i ' ve done little to no research on this fish , since it has not been readily available . you can check out various fishing web sites under the african tiger fish or genus name hydrocynus and that should give you a lot of native habitat information .

citation : goodier sam , cotterill fpd , o ' ryan c , skelton ph , de wit mj ( 2011 ) cryptic diversity of african tigerfish ( genus hydrocynus ) reveals palaeogeographic signatures of linked neogene geotectonic events . plos one 6 ( 12 ) : e28775 . urltoken

this study provides the first complete molecular phylogeny of hydrocynus , which incorporates all described species , with representative geographical coverage . moreover , spatio - temporal resolution of diversification in hydrocynus , revealed by molecular dating of cladogenic events and structuring of genetic variation , points to pervasive control of landscape evolution , within and across extant drainage basins . these implications , pertinently as tests of tectonic control , are discussed in detail below . however , first we set in place the platform of taxonomic and phylogeographical knowledge informed by this phylogeny and associated phylogeographic statistics .

brewster , b . 1986 ( 31 july ) a review of the genus hydrocynus cuvier 1819 ( teleostei : characiformes ) . bull . br . mus . ( nat . hist . ) zool . v . 50 ( no . 3 ) : 163 - 206 .

a definitive key to identify african tiger fish ( hydrocynus ) ( version 1 . 1 of this guide ) on the problem of identifying african tiger fish and the mythical black goliath . hydrocynus sp . tiger fish clarification show us you goliath tiger fish show your atf tatf , vatf , lake tanganyika , exporters and why you don ' t know what atf you have big eye atf id definitive proof . . . tatf ! another atf riddle solved . brevis & forskahlii ; same tank , same time . how to id . an interesting article on atf

with other fish . the author can testify to the fearless , bold nature of hydrocynus brevis . he kept a young specimen that was singularly fearless ; this species is easily the boldest and most aggressive species . the author ' s six inch batf would terrorize his foot long gatf .

winemiller , k . o . & kelso - winemiller , l . c . ( 1994 ) comparative ecology of the african pike , hepsetus odoe , and tigerfish , hydrocynus forskahlii , in the zambezi river floodplain . j . fish biol . 45 ( 2 ) : 211 - 225 . pdf

hydrocynus tanzaniae - gill rakers approximately one - third the length of the gill filaments ; lateral line with 43 - 47 pored scales ; anal fin with 3 soft , unbranched and usually 12 branched rays ; vertebrae 46 - 47 ; lateral stripes distinct ; confined to eastward flowing rivers of tanzania .

if the tectonism that reconfigured african drainage basins has had only marginal impacts on ancestral populations of tigerfishes , then rifting history will be decoupled from the tempo and mode of hydrocynus evolution . conversely , contingent on spatio - temporal resolution , we can expect phylogeographic records of hydrocynus to preserve fingerprints of paleogeographic history , which would testify to impacts of tectonism across the african plate . if subsequent dispersals are prevented , new drainage divides forged by tectonism can be expected to become foci of biotic disjunction . we should equally expect distinct phylogeographic structuring across dispersal barriers within larger drainage basins , which reflect reduced admixture between neighbouring populations .

with the exception of group e in the sanaga river ( figure 3 ) , all these newly discovered cryptic lineages occur in sympatry with at least one described species of hydrocynus . it is still unclear if these sympatric lineages occupy different ecological niches and / or breeding habitats , given the evidence of their allopatric origin , within ancestral distributional barriers , before subsequent dispersals resulted in the sympatry seen today . this discovery endorses the need for morphological , ecological and behavioural studies of hydrocynus to evaluate the hypotheses as to whether different niches ( habitat selection ) or breeding biology explain the reproductive isolation represented in these lineages of tigerfishes .

a mid - miocene divergence event at 11 . 1 ( ci : 15 . 5–7 . 1 ) ma separates h . goliath from all other hydrocynus species . the cladogenic event that founded h . brevis and the forskahlii complex at 6 . 8 ( ci : 10 . 8–3 . 2 ) ma , in the late miocene and pliocene ) corresponds to isolation of the niger and sanaga basins along the northern congo basin [ 64 ] , when the youngest geologically - dated tectonic events modified the cameroon volcano - tectonic rift . this is the last remaining active part of a longer lived central african rift system that started in the cretaceous during the opening phases of the indian and atlantic oceans [ 31 ] , [ 32 ] , [ 65 ] ( figure 6 ) . further sampling of hydrocynus is required to reconstruct its evolutionary history in the nilo - sahelian basins in adequate detail , and further test the neogene paleogeographical model [ 66 ] , [ 67 ] . nevertheless , the cladogenesis that founded nilo - sahelian hydrocynus overlaps with molecular dating of a late miocene divergence in african crocodylus , dated at 8 . 13 ( ci : 5 . 24–12 . 64 ) ma [ 68 ] . corroborating the hydrocynus fossils in the chad basin ( late miocene ∼7 ma ) [ 27 ] , [ 67 ] , these phylogeographic records constitute independent evidence for a late miocene occurrence of tigerfishes north of the congo basin . molecular dating constrains when the latter were isolated from congo hydrocynus by drainage rearrangement across the central african rift zone , associated with the cameroon volcano - tectonic rift ( figures 4 and 6 ) .

our phylogeographic results reveal key spatio - temporal details of how divergence events and demographic responses of tigerfishes have played out across african drainage systems over the late cenozoic . these cladogenic and dispersal events testify to the marked sensitivity of hydrocynus to the geomorphic evolution that fragmented and reconfigured drainage basins . this biogeographical resolution corroborates that obtained for galaxiid fishes and drainage evolution in the southern alps , new zealand [ 13 ] , [ 14 ] . collectively , they demonstrate how combined geological and genetic data provide the keys to unravel the histories of drainage basins and their biodiversity . these insights position us to evaluate how biotic events in hydrocynus interfaced with the geological evolution of neogene africa .

beyond corroboration of morphological evidence for five species recognised in the current taxonomy of hydrocynus [ 44 ] , [ 45 ] , the discovery of five previously unknown lineages ( groups a–e ) , each with independent evolutionary histories initiated in the plio - pleistocene , indicates that significant tigerfish diversity has been overlooked in africa . we argue that these cryptic species await formal taxonomic characterization . in particular , these discoveries highlight the existence of three distinct lineages in the congo basin , sympatric with h . goliath and h . vittatus . the discoveries of cryptic diversity in hydrocynus raise poignant questions about the future management of fisheries as well as the existence of other undiscovered biodiversity in african drainage systems .

…freshwaters , tigerfishes of the genus hydrocynus ( sometimes hydrocyon ) are admired game fishes of the characin family , characidae ( order cypriniformes ) . they are marked , depending on the species , with one or several dark , lengthwise stripes and are swift , voracious , salmon - shaped carnivores with daggerlike teeth that protrude when the mouth is closed . there…

besides representative geographical coverage , the cyt b genotypes obtained in this study ( table s1 ) include topotypical representatives of all five recognized hydrocynus species ( figure 2 ) : from the nile river ( h . forskahlii ) , khartoum , nile ( h . brevis ) , main congo river ( h . goliath ) , ruvu and rufiji rivers ( h . tanzaniae ) , and okavango delta ( h . vittatus ) [ 55 ] , [ 56 ] ( figure 2 ) . recovery of congruent evolutionary relationships with multiple phylogenetic methods lends confidence in the phylogeny obtained for hydrocynus , with strong nodal support ( bootstrap , gsi and posterior probability ) . the sampling representation in this study not only underscores the taxonomic representativeness of our genetic results but lays to rest any residual controversy pertaining to brewster ' s [ 56 ] treatment of h . vittatus as a synonym of h . forskahlii . beyond endorsing the previous refutation of this synonymy on morphological grounds [ 55 ] , genetic evidence reveals that the marked phylogenetic divergence between h . forskahlii and the vittatus complex ( including h . vittatus ) represents a relatively deep ( miocene ) cladogenic event in the evolution of hydrocynus ( table 2 , figures 2 and 3 ) . clearly , the mtdna phylogeny produced in this study significantly improves our knowledge of the diversity of the genus and evolutionary relationships among its species . moreover , the spatio - temporal complexity in hydrocynus relationships , revealed in molecular dating of divergence events , focuses questions awaiting biogeographical explanation .

a combination of primers designed in this study and modified universal pcr primers were used to amplify the cyt b region ( table s5 ) . alignment of available hydrocynus sequences , sequences of closely related characiforms from genbank [ 90 ] and partial cyt b sequences [ 18 ] were used to design primers . the final cyt b fragment was amplified as two parts . two primer combinations ( l14724hycf2 or l14990fishf and h15494hycr2 , and l15408hyc with one of three reverse primers ( hycgr2 , hycr3 or h15919hycr ) were used to amplify the respective , partially overlapping amplicons . the large number of reverse primers used was a result of the variability among hydrocynus species at the region initially selected for primer binding , based on the partial genbank sequences and related characiformes .

hydrocynus goliath - usuallly with 12 - 14 teeth in the upper jaw . gill rakers very short , less than one - third the length of the filaments ; lateral line with 53 - 58 pored scales ; anal fin with 3 soft , unbranched and usually 14 branched rays ; vertebrae 52 - 54 ; lateral stripes not distinctive ; found in the congo river .

only posterior probabilities over 0 . 90 are shown . error bars indicate the 95 % confidence intervals on the node dates ; numbers inside the bars are the dates estimated by beast ; those inside ovals are discussed in the text . the horizontal axis depicts time before present in millions of years ( ma ) . the colour coding of hydrocynus lineages corresponds to the drainage system ( s ) represented in each haplotype .

opefe was recently sent 5 preserved african tiger fish juveniles . on march 22 , 2000 opefe secured 2 live specimens of hydrocynus vittatus . most of these were sent to oregon state university where dr . douglas markle will be using them for his neo - tropical division students . the fish measured about 5 - 6 inches each and all were positively identified by dr . markle ' s student as h . vittatus .

hydrocynus somonorum - h . somonorum was described by daget in 1954 on h . brevis material . it was described as being a separate species based on morphological variation within h . brevis . this species was rejected as invalid in that the supposed differences fell well within the described perimeters for h . brevis . as such , h . somonorum is a junior synonym of h . brevis , which remains valid .

hydrocynus brevis - gill rakers approximately one - third the length of the gill filaments ; 4th infraorbital width broad , approximately 7 . 7 percent of the standard length ( range 6 . 9 - 8 . 9 percent ) ; body deep ; lateral line with 47 - 55 pored scales ; vertebrae 49 - 51 ; lateral stripes conspicuous ; found from the nilo - sudan region to the west coast of northern africa .

viewed at a continental scale , the phylogeography of hydrocynus reveals that the diversity and distribution of extant species reflects a complex history in which incidents of vicariance caused principal cladogenic events , but dispersal events expanded distributions of particular species to result in sympatry . the interplay of these processes is exemplified in the congo basin , where vicariants ( pertinently group c ) appear to have seeded the congo basin from the south , after their evolution in geographically isolated drainage basins , formerly centred on plio - pleistocene lakes in the bangweulu , mweru and upper zambezi basins [ 12 ] . as advocated by the chrono - biogeographic strategy [ 37 ] , [ 38 ] , our analyses reveal two modes of speciation in hydrocynus . allopatry can be caused by either dichopatric speciation , where a widely distributed ancestral species became isolated across a new geographical barrier , or peripatric speciation , where founders disperse across an across an existing barrier with subsequent divergence . this dichotomy in mode of diversification reflects a critical difference in how biodiversity dynamics have interfaced with paleo - environmental dynamics [ 2 ] , [ 3 ] . moreover , relatively recent range expansions of dichopatric lineages explain the sympatry of hydrocynus in the congo basin , into which group c and h . vittatus have dispersed from the luapula ( lake mweru ) and upper zambezi , respectively .

this map depicts the geographical relationships of the main rivers and lakes relevant to the biogeography and evolution of hydrocynus , and localities mentioned in the text . this map was constructed using arcmap 9 . 3 from the hydrosheds digital river database and the aeon africa rivers database , . main rivers and lakes depicted in the legend are labeled with letters ( rivers ) and numbers ( lakes ) respectively . country boundaries and labels are included for geographical context .

hydrocynus forskahlii - gill rakers long , approximately equal in length to gill filaments ; 4th infraorbital width ( widthe of head just below eyes ) approximately 6 . 1 percent ( range 5 . 1 to 7 . 5 percent ) of the standard length ; body not deep ; lateral line with 46 - 53 pored scales ; vertebrae 45 - 51 ; lateral stripes prominent ; found in the nile , sanaga and omo rivers and western cameroon .

here we use analyses of genetic variation and molecular dating methods to test for geomorphic control by paleo - drainage dynamics of the evolution of hydrocynus . a chrono - biogeographical approach [ 37 ] , [ 38 ] structures this paper , employing phylogeographic analyses in a cross - disciplinary , geobiological framework [ 12 ] . quantified patterns of spatio - temporal genetic variation enable tests for relative roles of vicariance and / or dispersal in shaping tigerfish diversity . a biochronological reconstruction of diversification in hydrocynus frames analyses of the demographic structuring of genetic variation in a phylogeny informed by mtdna sequence data . molecular dating of principal nodes in the phylogeny provides critical constraints to test the relative fidelity of biotic events against tectonic events . besides orthodox statistical tests of nodal support ( bootstrapping and bayesian posterior probabilities ) in phylogenetic reconstruction , we employ statistical tests of genetic admixture and genetic variation among tigerfish lineages to evaluate influences of drainage rearrangements , and thus tectonism .

in order to estimate the ages of the lineage divergences of hydrocynus , a relaxed phylogenetics method was implemented in beast 1 . 4 . 8 [ 41 ] . this method employs a relaxed molecular clock that co - estimates the tree and dates of divergence of the lineages , given the stipulated model of nucleotide substation ( gtr ) . an uncorrelated lognormal relaxed molecular clock prior with a species birth - death tree prior was used to estimate the timing of divergences between lineages [ 97 ] . short runs of 100 000 generations were performed to optimise the operators , which allows the algorithm to sample the target distribution faster and more efficiently , using the suggestions of the previous run in the following run until no more suggestions were made . a long run of 50 000 000 generations was then performed , logging parameters every 1 000 generations . all other priors and operators were kept at the default settings . burnin was set to the first 5 000 logged trees . the minimum age of appearance of hydrocynus at approximately 12 ma [ 22 ] , [ 26 ] was used as a calibration point of the root of the tree with a lognormal distribution . as there is no hydrocynus specific cyt b evolutionary rate , a generalised teleost cyt b substitution rate of 0 . 76–2 . 2 % per million years was used as a uniform prior [ 98 ] . all other priors and operators were kept at the default settings .

hydrocynus vittatus is a demersal , potamodromous species . it prefers warm , well - oxygenated water , mainly larger rivers and lakes . all but the largest form roving schools of like - sized fish ; aptly described as fierce and voracious . hydrocynus vittatus feeds on whatever prey is most abundant but brycinus , micralestes , barbus , and limnothrissa are favoured ( skelton 1993 ) . it is a useful food fish in some areas ( eccles 1992 ) . breeding takes pace on a very few days each year , when the first good rains have swollen rivers and streams , usually in december and january at which time it undertakes a spawning migration up rivers and into small streams ( jackson 1961 ) . the females spawn a great number of eggs in very shallow water , among the stems of grasses and other submerged and partly submerged vegetation and here the young live until the falling of the flood water forces them out of this refuge ( jackson 1961 ) .

figure 1 . the five recognised and named species of hydrocynus . from bottom ( clockwise ) : a ) h . brevis , b ) h . vittatus , c ) h . goliath , d ) h . forskahlii and e ) h . tanzaniae . photo credits : a ) stan nabozny , b ) ryan clark , c ) mike de wit , d ) dirk neumann , e ) keith clover . doi : 10 . 1371 / journal . pone . 0028775 . g001

beast [ 41 ] , mr bayes [ 42 ] and paup [ 43 ] all produced trees with consistent major branching orders that exhibit a strong topological congruence ( figures s1 , s2 and s3 , respectively ) . the dated phylogeny ( figure 4 ) exhibits equally close congruence , and illustrates divergence dates in millions of years ( ma ) with confidence intervals ( ci ) ( tables 2 and 3 ) . a total of ten unique evolutionary mtdna lineages were recovered with high support ( bootstrap and posterior probability ) . beyond recovering lineages that correspond to the five species recognised by morphological characters [ 44 ] , [ 45 ] these data reveal the existence of previously unrecognized diversity within hydrocynus , with the ranges of three of these lineages confined within the extant congo drainage basin ( table 4 , figures 2 , 3 and 4 ) . until such time that this taxonomic complexity of hydrocynus is formally characterized , these previously unrecognized lineages are distinguished as follows ( table 4 ) :

this map depicts the geographical relationships of the main rivers and lakes relevant to the biogeography and evolution of hydrocynus , and localities mentioned in the text . this map was constructed using arcmap 9 . 3 from the hydrosheds digital river database [ 103 ] and the aeon africa rivers database [ 65 ] , [ 104 ] . main rivers and lakes depicted in the legend are labeled with letters ( rivers ) and numbers ( lakes ) respectively . country boundaries and labels are included for geographical context .

hydrocynus vittiger - h . vittiger was originally described by boulenger as h . vittatus , but had to rename it due to the existence of h . vittatus that we are familiar with in the hobby today , which was already described and named by castelnau in 1861 . as such , boulenger renamed what he believed to be his new taxa h . vittiger in 1907 . h . vittiger was examined by brewster in 1986 and found to be morphologically identical to h . goliath , which makes h . vittiger a junior synonym and confirms h . goliath as valid .

micralestes acutiden s ( genbank accession number : ay791418 . 1 ) and ladigesia roloffi ( ay791417 . 1 ) were selected as outgroups due to their close genetic relationship to hydrocynus identified by calcagnotto et al . [ 18 ] . taxa were accepted as representing a certain species based on their affinities to known sequences from respective species from known localities , where available , and to sequences from topotypical material ( obtained from the type locality ) , and identified voucher specimens . for example , h . vittatus from the okavango delta is considered topotypical [ 55 ] , [ 56 ] .

this species has a wider distribution area than other hydrocynus species since it occurs in both , the savannah as well as the forested areas . it ranges from senegal to ethiopia , and egypt to uganda and kenya . central africa : hydrocynus forskahlii is known from the lower and central congo river basin and from pool malebo ( stanley pool ) . the records from lake mweru are possibly hydrocinus vittatus . eastern africa : it is present in lake albert , the albert and murchison niles , and lake turkana northern africa : this species is found along the river nile , and lake nasser ( also known as lake nubia ) . the population used to increase during flood season before the construction of aswan dam . northeast africa : it is known from the ghazal and jebel systems in sudan , tekeze and setit in eritrea , and the rift lakes , and baro and omo rivers , ethiopia western africa : in west africa it is found in the basins of the chad , niger / benue , ogun , ouémé , mono , volta , comoé , bandama , sassandra , nipoué ( cess ) , st . paul , mano , little scarcies , gambia , and senegal .

the estimated divergence dates on the dated cyt b tree exhibit fairly large confidence intervals ( e . g . 11 . 1 ( ci : 15 . 5–7 . 1 ) ma on the divergence between h . goliath and all other taxa . this most likely reflects the use of only one calibration point and a universal estimate of substitution rate in teleost cyt b . however , despite this large uncertainty , the estimated dates provide reliable evidence to discuss the evolutionary history of hydrocynus since even approximate estimates can be used to explain biogeographical history [ 37 ] , [ 38 ] , [ 62 ] , [ 63 ] .

as judged by scattered sampling locations , several thousand kilometres apart , several populations of hydrocynus share haplotypes across vast distances in the congo basin ( table s1 , figure 2 ) . this indicates that these populations ( representing h . goliath and h . vittatus , respectively ) were connected and / or underwent major dispersals in the recent geological past . this is somewhat surprising due to the large size of the basin and physical barriers proposed to restrict fish dispersal ( e . g . kisangani falls and portes d ' enfer on the lualaba river ) [ 17 ] , [ 60 ] . nevertheless , it is interesting how knickpoints in the luvua river [ flügel et al . unpublished data ] can be invoked to have prevented upstream dispersal of h . goliath and h . vittatus into lake mweru , yet group c appears to have dispersed downstream through the luvua ( as represented by its occurrence across the congo basin , figures 2 and 3 ) . at least in the case of hydrocynus group d , the demonstration of shared haplotypes across the zambian congo drainage system corroborates bell - cross ' s [ 6 ] hypothesis that waterfalls on the luapula river ( linking the formerly isolated lakes bangweulu and mweru ) no longer restrict fish dispersal entirely ( figure 3 ) .

hydrocynus forskahlii is a pelagic , potamodromous species that forms shoals . it is an open water predator often found near the water surface ( bell - cross and minshull 1988 ) and feeds on fishes , preferring long bodied fish as they are easier to swallow and also takes insects , shrimps , grass and snails ( bell - cross and minshull 1988 ) . this species is cannibalistic . it is preyed upon by fish eagle haliaeetus vocifer ( bell - cross and minshull 1988 ) . breeding migrations have been reported up several tributaries of lake kariba during the rains ( bell - cross and minshull 1988 ) . spawning takes place most of the year .

the pliocene cladogenic event at 3 . 9 ( ci : 6 . 9–1 . 6 ) ma isolated group a in the congo basin from the clade today represented by h . tanzaniae and the vittatus complex . its timing concurs with constraints on activity in the western branch of the active east african rift system ( figure 6 ) , presently geologically - dated to have started between 4–12 ma , with an apparent focus around 5 . 5 ma [ 36 ] , [ 65 ] , [ 69 ] , [ 70 ] . this event in hydrocynus is interpreted as vicariance of a formerly contiguous drainage system that linked the eastern congo basin to the tanzanian plateau . association of this event in hydrocynus , with initiation of the rifting that formed lake tanganyika overlaps with estimated timings for three lacustrine radiations : in synodontis catfish in the late miocene at 5 . 5 ( ci 7 . 3–4 . 0 ) ma [ 71 ] , mastacembelus eels at 7–8 ( ci 10 . 6–5 . 5 ) ma [ 72 ] and platythelphusid crabs conservatively dated at 3 . 3–2 . 5 ma in the late pliocene [ 73 ] . the disruption of the former east - west drainage system , archived as a cladogenic event in these extant hydrocynus , therefore slightly postdates the geologically - dated tectonic uplift in this region of the east african rift . nevertheless , despite significant uncertainty in geological dates , together with the wide error on molecular dates , there is a remarkable agreement between the geological - and biological - clocks to support strong linkages between the tectonic and cladogenic events . initiation of this rifting that formed lake tanganyika has recently been reappraised to ∼5 . 5 ma [ 36 ] , [ 69 ] , [ 70 ] , and it constitutes the plausible mechanism that disrupted a former east - west drainage system to isolate the tanzanian plateau from the eastern congo basin . the lukuga and malagarasi rivers are possibly extant vestiges of the former contiguous river ( figure 3 ) .

hydrocynus goliath is the largest species of atf and the one that most people go searching for when they first try to get one . these things have attained huge popularity thanks to their inclusion in an episode of river monsters with jeremy wade . these are probably the most sought after species , and as such are the most misidentified species . this is because the shippers in africa know that goliath fetches the highest prices and often willfully mislabel their fish as goliath when they know full well the fish aren ' t actually gatf . distributors will then sell the fish as whatever their distributor tells them it is , which invariably confuses the customers . there are three apparent varieties of hydrocynus goliath in the hobby . a faster growing population that is thicker bodied with a longer , flatter dead ; a slower growing variety that is thinner bodied , more torpedo shaped with a more conical head ; and a rumored black variety . there are credible reports of all black gatf existing , but are exceedingly rare . based on my conversations with douglas dann in 2013 , it appears as though the greatest preponderance of black gatf came from what he called the black river in the war torn region between the democratic republic of the congo and the republic of the congo . the increasing political unrest is why he left the country , and could explain the lack of black specimens in the hobby .

phylogenies of hydrocynus using the cyt b data set were constructed in beast 1 . 4 . 8 package [ 41 ] , mrbayes 3 . 1 . 1 [ 42 ] and paup 4 . 0b10 [ 43 ] , using the gtr model parameters for each data set . however , only the beast data are presented and discussed . beast uses bayesian inference and a mcmc sampling procedure to reconstruct a phylogeny by estimating the probability distribution given sequence data [ 41 ] , [ 42 ] . this algorithm weights trees in proportion to their posterior probability , such that a branch with a posterior probability close to 1 is considered well supported , whereas a value close to 0 is considered very weakly supported .

hydrocynus vittatus is known from most of sub - saharan africa from senegal to ethiopia , and south to south africa . central africa : hydrocynus vittatus is found throughout the congo river basin . in lower guinea , it is found in the cross and sanaga basins . eastern africa : this species is known from lake tanganyika and major affluent rivers , including malagarasi river , as well as lake albert and murchison nile , lake turkana ( seegers et al . 2003 ) and lake rukwa . it is also present in the lower shire river , rufigi and ruaha rivers . according to hopson and hopson ( 1982 ) in the turkana basin this species is principally riverine and ecological changes in the lake level have tended to inhibit incursions of h . vittatus into the lake . however , an erroneous identification by worthington and ricardo ( 1936 ) for h . forskahlii is also possible . in the latter case h . vittatus most likely does not occur in kenya ( seegers et al . 2004 ) . northeast africa : it is present in the ghazal and jebel systems , white and blue niles , and nile to lake nasser ( also known as lake nubia ) . southern africa : it occurs in the zambezi and okavango ( but not the kafue or lake malawi ) , south to the save , limpopo and phongolo systems ( skelton 2001 ) . it has also been found in lake kariba ( losse 1998 ) . western africa : in west africa , this species occurs in the basins of the chad , niger / benue , ouémé , and senegal .

this map was constructed with arcmap 9 . 3 from the hydrosheds digital river database and the aeon africa rivers database , . country boundaries and labels are included for geographical context . arrows designate type localities [ in square parentheses ] for the five recognized species of hydrocynus : b = h . brevis ( günther 1864 ) [ white nile ] ; f = h . forskahlii ( cuvier 1819 ) [ white nile ] ; g = h . goliath boulenger 1898 [ main congo , mbandaka ] ; t = h . tanzaniae brewster 1986 [ lower ruvu river ] ; v = h . vittatus ( castlenau 1861 ) [ okavango delta ] . the northern , southern and eastern boundaries of the congo basin coincide with the tectonically active cameroon rift and central african thrust zone , , southern equatorial divide and east african rift system ( ears ) , respectively .

hydrocynus ( or fish dogs , or fish tigers ) are known strict ichthyophagous for their promptness and their voracity . all the fish belonging to this kind appreciably look the same and only an attentive examination makes it possible to differentiate them . they have a torpedo form , which they use to their advantage of nourishing itself , since they continuously chase their prey . the fish are generally silver plated and brilliant . the scales are marked with a dark spot , thus forming especially visible parallel stripes above the side line . according to certain species ' , these lines are more or less dark . the dorsal fin is inserted into the same level as the ventral fins or a little ahead . the mouth is armed with only one series of teeth , very developed and sharp , on each jaw . the eye is almost entirely covered with a fat eyelid .

hydrocynus forskahlii is very unique among the african tiger fishes in that it is probably the only one that is actually suitable to be kept in an aquarium , which is a very good thing as they are one of the most readily available species as well . they are truly a dwarf species , at least when compared to the monsters that the other four species can become . these fish can be kept for life in a tank that is as small as a 180 , though they ' d probably be happier with the extra room to swim in a 240 . forskahlii are also a very attractive and colorful species , generally having the same color patterns as a vittatus . these fish also tend to have fairly dramatic teeth for their size . there is a fair amount of variation in the morphology of forskahlii as there are two distinct genetic populations awaiting scientific description .

mismatch distributions [ 100 ] , [ 101 ] , [ 102 ] , the distributions of the observed number of differences between pairs of haplotypes , were used to quantify historical changes in population size in the hydrocynus lineages . a unimodal ( ‘smooth’ ) distribution indicates recent population growth compared to a multimodal ( ‘ragged’ ) distribution which indicates demographic stability . here harpending ' s ‘raggedness’ index ( r ) [ 101 ] quantifies the “smoothness” of the distribution . mismatch distributions were only calculated for lineages that showed a significantly negative tajima ' s d [ 50 ] and / or fu ' s fs [ 51 ] . tajima ' s d , fu ' s fs and the mismatch analyses were only performed on sample groups with four or more individuals . the amova , tajima ' s d , fu ' s fs and the mismatch analyses were carried out in arlequin 3 . 11 [ 46 ] with 10 000 bootstrap replications conducted for each analysis .

this map was constructed with arcmap 9 . 3 from the hydrosheds digital river database [ 103 ] and the aeon africa rivers database [ 65 ] , [ 104 ] . country boundaries and labels are included for geographical context . arrows designate type localities [ in square parentheses ] for the five recognized species of hydrocynus : b = h . brevis ( günther 1864 ) [ white nile ] ; f = h . forskahlii ( cuvier 1819 ) [ white nile ] ; g = h . goliath boulenger 1898 [ main congo , mbandaka ] ; t = h . tanzaniae brewster 1986 [ lower ruvu river ] ; v = h . vittatus ( castlenau 1861 ) [ okavango delta ] . the northern , southern and eastern boundaries of the congo basin coincide with the tectonically active cameroon rift and central african thrust zone [ 31 ] , [ 32 ] , southern equatorial divide [ 33 ] and east african rift system ( ears ) [ 17 ] , respectively .

the gatf is the largest species of hydrocynus . it has the least distinctive stripes of the genus . it has between 53 and 58 pored scales on the lateral line . the anal fin has 3 soft , unbranched rays and usually 12 branched rays . the dorsal profile of the head is straight . the depth of the body in adults is 19 . 4 to 32 . 7 percent of the length , with an average of 23 percent . the length of the head is 19 . 2 to 23 . 1 percent of the total length . the teeth can have between 12 - 20 in the upper jaw and 8 - 14 in the lower jaw . this wide variation is due to their having several small teeth that may or may not protrude through the gums near the back of the mouth . these fish are silvery in color with a red tail that most often only has color on the lower lobe . coloration will often be washed out in extremely young individuals .

except for hydrocynus goliath , batf has the least developed striping of all members of the genus . 3 - 4 scales between the lateral line and the pelvic fin insertion . batf have a lateral line scale count of 47 - 55 pored scales . anal fin ray count 3 soft , unbranched rays with 11 - 13 branched rays . batf on average has the deepest body to length ratio with an average of 24 . 4 percent and a range of 19 . 1 to 29 . 6 percent of the total length . batf have 10 to 12 teeth in the upper jaw and 8 to 13 in the lower jaw . batf have a golden or dusky base color with tan or grey paired fins . the adipose fin is often very large in relation to the other atf species . their caudal fin has a base of dark gray with a very dark red lower lobe . coloration will often be washed out in extremely young individuals . coloration will often be washed out in extremely young individuals .

in this respect , the boundaries of the congo basin are of focal interest , because these watersheds were forged by diastrophism and / or epeirogeny . the northern , eastern and southern boundaries of this basin are the cameroon rift and central african thrust zone [ 31 ] , [ 32 ] , the east african rift system ( ears ) and southern equatorial divide [ 33 ] . moreover , geochronological evidence for the central african thrust zone and albertine rift ( western arm of the ears ) reliably constrains when volcanism and tectonism formed these hydrological boundaries around the congo basin . so it delimits when first and second order rivers of this basin were redirected and / or impounded by faulting and uplift events ( figure 2 ) . therefore we can employ phylogeographic statistics to test whether or not evolutionary events in hydrocynus were coupled with this drainage disruption , linked with propagation of rifting across the african plate ( exemplified by the formation of lake tanganyika ) [ 12 ] , [ 34 ] , [ 35 ] , [ 36 ] .

fatf have pronounced stripes . they have two scales between the lateral line and the pelvic fin insertion , as opposed to 3 - 4 for a brevis . they have a lateral line scale count of 46 - 53 scales . their anal fin ray count is 3 soft , unbranched rays with 11 - 14 branched rays . body depth averages 22 . 6 percent of the length with a range of 17 . 2 to 27 . 8 percent . fatf is normally the most slender member of hydrocynus , but girthy specimens are possible . the head averages 19 . 8 percent of the body length with a range of 15 . 3 to 25 . 3 percent . fatf has 9 to 14 teeth in the upper jaw and 8 to 12 in the lower jaw . this fish often has a very short , upturned jaw . fatf are bright , silvery white in color , similar in appearance to vatf , but with a grayish caudal fin that has red , orange or yellow only on the bottom lobe of the caudal fin . coloration will often be washed out in extremely young individuals . fatf will often overlap h . brevis in range .

not formally described . broadly matches the overall appearance and published description of hydrocynus vittatus s . s . , but with 3 - 4 scales between the lateral line and the pelvic fin insertion and often fewer lateral line scales than h . vittatus s . s . possibly corresponds to genetic lineage b , c or d from goodier , s . , cotterill , f . , o ' ryan , c . , skelton , p . , de wit , m . ( 2011 ) . known from the congo watershed , exact location unclear . vatf are a bright , whitish silvery color . they can have red , orange or yellow caudal fins with both lobes having color . the center of the caudal fin , regardless of color , is often red . paired fins are often pale yellow or orange . the anus is often orange or red . coloration will often be washed out in extremely young individuals . vatf from the upper zambezi display sexually dimorphic coloration ; it is unclear if this applies to cf . " stout vatf " . mature males had bright yellow caudal fins with bright red markings on the bottom lobe . mature females had bright orange caudal fins .

a measure of genealogical sorting is important to assess differentiation of genetic variation between and within species . the genealogical sorting index ( gsi ) [ 47 ] quantifies the degree of exclusive ancestry of groups of individuals on a rooted phylogenetic tree . this statistic was used to quantify the common ancestry of cyt b sequences of hydrocynus in an interspecific context . a gsi value of 1 represents a monophyletic group , while a group of completely mixed genealogical ancestry will have a gsi value of 0 . beyond qualitative assessments of lineage history and orthodox statistical tests of nodal support ( including bootstrapping ) in phylogenetic reconstruction [ 47 ] , gsi is an informative statistic because it enables explicit testing of roles of hypothesized paleo - environmental controls ( in this study drainage rearrangements and tectonism ) , by determining the levels of differentiation among lineages ; and since individuals can be assigned to groups on criteria of sampling locality , gsi enables structured tests of candidate determinants of the history of different populations . the null hypothesis will expect genealogical admixture across lineages that manifest in low gsi statistics , so correctly rejecting inappropriate candidates as biogeographical determinants . all analyses were run on the gsi website [ 99 ] . the groups in the assignment file for the cyt b gsi analysis were set according to species and evolutionary lineage and , in order to test for structuring by drainage system , h . vittatus samples were grouped based on the drainage system within which they were sampled . a newick version of the beast tree was used in the analysis . the number of bootstrap replications conducted was 10 000 .

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researchers have had the pleasure to examine a rare occurrence in the animal kingdom , with footage of an african tigerfish leaping from the water to snatch a bird in flight .

according to time , the footage is the first to capture this phenomenon , which has been known to happen since the 1940s . the fish has been known to catch birds as they are stationary or moving slowly , but in the video , the tigerfish snatches a swallow , known to be quick and agile in the air .

watch the video below , but pay close attention , the tigerfish strikes extremely quickly .

" the whole action of jumping and catching the swallow in flight happens so incredibly quickly that after we first saw it , it took all of us a while to really fully comprehend what we had just seen , " nico smit , director of the unit for environmental sciences and management at north - west university in south africa , told nature . " the first reaction was one of pure joy , because we realized that we were spectators to something really incredible and unique . "

the authors of a study published in the journal of fish biology said this is the first video evidence of a freshwater fish preying on a bird in flight . unconvinced of the rumored capabilities of these tigerfish , smit and his team took to a south african lake in the mapungubwe national park to examine their migration habitat .

the researchers said they saw as many as 20 successful mid - air strikes per day .

" the african tigerfish is one of the most amazing freshwater species in the world , " said smit , a study co - author , told bbc news . " it is a striking fish with beautiful markings on the body , bright red fins and vicious teeth . "


tisis gloriosa is a moth in the lecithoceridae family .

it was described by k.t. park in 2009 .

it is found in thailand .

the wingspan is 13-14 mm .

the forewings are light orange , metallic shiny .

the basal fascia is small and brownish and there is a large , yellowish brown median patch , round on the anterior margin , occupying more than one-fourth of the wing .

the distal two-fifths of the wing are yellowish brown .

the hindwings are pale greyish brown .

tisis gloriosa

tisis gloriosa <EOT> tisis gloriosa ; park , 2014 , j . asia - pacif . biodiv . 7 : 112 , f . 156

tisis gloriosa park , 2009 ; trop . lepid . res . 19 ( 1 ) : 1 ; tl : loei , phu rua , 800m

tisis is a genus of small moth in the family lecithoceridae . [ 1 ]

tisis mesozosta meyrick , 1914 ; suppl . ent . 3 : 50 ; tl : suisharyo

tisis isoplasta meyrick , 1929 ; exot . microlep . 3 ( 17 ) : 516 ; tl : java

tisis aurantiella park , 2003 ; entom . science 6 ( 4 ) : 316 ; tl : palawan , philippines

tisis polemarcha meyrick , 1926 ; sarawak mus . j . 3 : 155 ; tl : mt murud , 6500ft

tisis polychlora meyrick , 1926 ; sarawak mus . j . 3 : 155 ; tl : mt murud , 6300ft

tisis aurifasciata ; park , 2014 , j . asia - pacif . biodiv . 7 : 111 , f . 152

tisis cerambycina meyrick , 1926 ; sarawak mus . j . 3 : 154 ; tl : mt . poi , sarawak

tisis colubrialis ; park , 2014 , j . asia - pacif . biodiv . 7 : 112 , f . 153

tisis diehli ; park , 2014 , j . asia - pacif . biodiv . 7 : 112 , f . 154

tisis frimensis ; park , 2014 , j . asia - pacif . biodiv . 7 : 112 , f . 155

tisis javaica ; park , 2014 , j . asia - pacif . biodiv . 7 : 112 , f . 157

tisis latiductalis ; park , 2014 , j . asia - pacif . biodiv . 7 : 112 , f . 158

tisis penrissenica ; park , 2014 , j . asia - pacif . biodiv . 7 : 112 , f . 160

tisis sumatraensis ; park , 2014 , j . asia - pacif . biodiv . 7 : 113 , f . 163

tisis argyrophaea meyrick , 1910 ; trans . ent . soc . lond . 1910 : 439 ; tl : borneo , kuching

tisis aurifasciata park , 2007 ; entom . science 10 ( 2 ) : ( 149 - 155 ) ; tl : sumatra

tisis diehli park , 2007 ; entom . science 10 ( 2 ) : ( 149 - 155 ) ; tl : sumatra

tisis eurylampis meyrick , 1910 ; trans . ent . soc . lond . 1910 : 438 ; tl : borneo , kuching

tisis hemixysta meyrick , 1910 ; trans . ent . soc . lond . 1910 : 438 ; tl : borneo , kuching

tisis hyacinthina meyrick , 1910 ; trans . ent . soc . lond . 1910 : 439 ; tl : borneo , kuching

tisis imperatrix meyrick , 1910 ; trans . ent . soc . lond . 1910 : 440 ; tl : borneo , kuching

tisis javaica park , 2007 ; entom . science 10 ( 2 ) : ( 149 - 155 ) ; tl : java

tisis sophistica park , 2003 ; entom . science 6 ( 4 ) : ( 315 - 321 ) ; tl : palawan

tisis sumatraensis park , 2007 ; entom . science 10 ( 2 ) : ( 149 - 155 ) ; tl : sumatra

tisis charadraea meyrick , 1910 ; trans . ent . soc . lond . 1910 : 439 ; tl : malay states , padang rengas

tisis bicolorella walker , 1864 ; list spec . lepid . insects colln br . mus . 29 : 793 ; tl : sarawak , borneo

tisis nielseni park , 2001 ; korean j . syst . ent . 17 ( 1 ) : 60 ; tl : nakhon nayok , thailand

tisis xantholepidos park , 2003 ; entom . science 6 ( 4 ) : ( 315 - 321 ) ; tl : tawi tawi , philippines

tisis asterias park , 2003 ; species diversity 8 ( 3 ) : 270 ; tl : thailand , rhanong , na kha , ca . 250m

tisis thaiana park , 2003 ; species diversity 8 ( 3 ) : 268 ; tl : thailand , chanthaburi , khao soi dao , ca . 400m

tisis ? plautata ; park , lee & abang , 2005 , j . asia - pacif . ent . 8 ( 1 ) : 50 ( list )

tisis boleta wu , 1998 ; zoological studies 37 ( 3 ) : 195 ; tl : w . java , mts . gede - panggrango , tjibodas , 1400

tisis plautata wu , 1998 ; zoological studies 37 ( 3 ) : 195 ; tl : w . java , mts . gede - panggrango , tjibodas , 1400m

tisis charadraea ; [ nhm card ] ; park , lee & abang , 2005 , j . asia - pacif . ent . 8 ( 1 ) : 49 ( list )

tisis helioclina ; [ nhm card ] ; park , lee & abang , 2005 , j . asia - pacif . ent . 8 ( 1 ) : 49 ( list )

tisis isoplasta ; [ nhm card ] ; park , lee & abang , 2005 , j . asia - pacif . ent . 8 ( 1 ) : 49 ( list )

tisis mendicella ; [ nhm card ] ; park , lee & abang , 2005 , j . asia - pacif . ent . 8 ( 1 ) : 49 ( list )

tisis cerambycina ; [ nhm card ] ; park , lee & abang , 2005 , j . asia - pacif . ent . 8 ( 1 ) : 39 , 49 ( list )

tisis hemixysta ; [ nhm card ] ; park , lee & abang , 2005 , j . asia - pacif . ent . 8 ( 1 ) : 40 , 49 ( list )

tisis hyacinthina ; [ nhm card ] ; park , lee & abang , 2005 , j . asia - pacif . ent . 8 ( 1 ) : 40 , 49 ( list )

tisis imperatrix ; [ nhm card ] ; park , lee & abang , 2005 , j . asia - pacif . ent . 8 ( 1 ) : 48 , 49 ( list )

tisis meliorella ; [ nhm card ] ; park , lee & abang , 2005 , j . asia - pacif . ent . 8 ( 1 ) : 41 , 49 ( list )

tisis nemophorella ; [ nhm card ] ; park , lee & abang , 2005 , j . asia - pacif . ent . 8 ( 1 ) : 43 , 49 ( list )

tisis polemarcha ; [ nhm card ] ; park , lee & abang , 2005 , j . asia - pacif . ent . 8 ( 1 ) : 45 , 50 ( list )

tisis polychlora ; [ nhm card ] ; park , lee & abang , 2005 , j . asia - pacif . ent . 8 ( 1 ) : 41 , 50 ( list )

tisis auricincta diakonoff , [ 1968 ] ; bull . u . s . nat . mus . 257 : 125 ; tl : mindanao , davao prov . , e slope of mt mckinley , 3000ft

tisis colubrialis park , lee & abang , 2005 ; j . asia - pacif . ent . 8 ( 1 ) : 46 , 49 ( list ) ; tl : sabah , sepilok , sandakan

tisis ( lecithocerinae ) ; park , 2000 , zoological studies 39 ( 4 ) : 371 ; [ richard brown ] ; park , 2014 , j . asia - pacif . biodiv . 7 : 111

tisis penrissenica park , lee & abang , 2005 ; j . asia - pacif . ent . 8 ( 1 ) : 47 , 50 ( list ) ; tl : mt . penrissen , 3300ft , borneo

wu , ch . - sh . genus tisis walker from malaysia and indonesia ( lepidoptera : lecithoceridae ) , with description of three new species . zoological studies 37 ( 3 ) : 191 - 196 ( 1998 )

tisis latiductalis park , lee & abang , 2005 ; j . asia - pacif . ent . 8 ( 1 ) : 48 , 49 ( list ) ; tl : sabah , danum valley , nr . lahad datu

tisis boleta ; brown , adamski , hodges & bahr , 2004 , zootaxa 510 : 26 ; park , lee & abang , 2005 , j . asia - pacif . ent . 8 ( 1 ) : 49 ( list )

tisis sandaradema ; brown , adamski , hodges & bahr , 2004 , zootaxa 510 : 124 ; park , lee & abang , 2005 , j . asia - pacif . ent . 8 ( 1 ) : 40 , 50 ( list )

tisis elegans ; [ nhm card ] ; park , 2003 , species diversity 8 ( 3 ) : 272 ; park , lee & abang , 2005 , j . asia - pacif . ent . 8 ( 1 ) : 49 ( list )

tisis luteella ; [ nhm card ] ; wu , 1998 , zoological studies 37 ( 3 ) : 192 ; park , lee & abang , 2005 , j . asia - pacif . ent . 8 ( 1 ) : 49 ( list )

tisis argyrophaea ; [ nhm card ] ; wu , 1998 , zoological studies 37 ( 3 ) : 193 ; park , lee & abang , 2005 , j . asia - pacif . ent . 8 ( 1 ) : 40 , 49 ( list )

tisis asterias ; park , lee & abang , 2005 , j . asia - pacif . ent . 8 ( 1 ) : 49 ( list ) ; park , 2014 , j . asia - pacif . biodiv . 7 : 111 , f . 150

tisis aurantiella ; park , lee & abang , 2005 , j . asia - pacif . ent . 8 ( 1 ) : 49 ( list ) ; park , 2014 , j . asia - pacif . biodiv . 7 : 111 , f . 151

tisis auricincta ; brown , adamski , hodges & bahr , 2004 , zootaxa 510 : 21 ; park , lee & abang , 2005 , j . asia - pacif . ent . 8 ( 1 ) : 49 ( list ) ; [ nhm card ]

tisis bicolorella ; [ nhm card ] ; wu , 1998 , zoological studies 37 ( 3 ) : 194 ; park , lee & abang , 2005 , j . asia - pacif . ent . 8 ( 1 ) : 39 , 49 ( list )

tisis chalybaeella ; [ nhm card ] ; wu , 1998 , zoological studies 37 ( 3 ) : 192 ; park , lee & abang , 2005 , j . asia - pacif . ent . 8 ( 1 ) : 43 , 49 ( list )

tisis eurylampis ; [ nhm card ] ; wu , 1998 , zoological studies 37 ( 3 ) : 193 ; park , lee & abang , 2005 , j . asia - pacif . ent . 8 ( 1 ) : 41 , 49 ( list )

tisis nielseni ; park , 2014 , j . asia - pacif . biodiv . 7 : 112 , f . 159 ; park , lee & abang , 2005 , j . asia - pacif . ent . 8 ( 1 ) : 49 ( list )

tisis seclusella ; [ nhm card ] ; wu , 1998 , zoological studies 37 ( 3 ) : 194 ; park , lee & abang , 2005 , j . asia - pacif . ent . 8 ( 1 ) : 39 , 50 ( list )

tisis sophistica ; park , 2014 , j . asia - pacif . biodiv . 7 : 112 , f . 162 ; park , lee & abang , 2005 , j . asia - pacif . ent . 8 ( 1 ) : 50 ( list )

tisis thaiana ; park , lee & abang , 2005 , j . asia - pacif . ent . 8 ( 1 ) : 50 ( list ) ; park , 2014 , j . asia - pacif . biodiv . 7 : 113 , f . 164

tisis xantholepidos ; park , lee & abang , 2005 , j . asia - pacif . ent . 8 ( 1 ) : 50 ( list ) ; park , 2014 , j . asia - pacif . biodiv . 7 : 113 , f . 165

tisis amabilis ; park , lee & abang , 2005 , j . asia - pacif . ent . 8 ( 1 ) : 45 , 49 ( list ) ; park , 2014 , j . asia - pacif . biodiv . 7 : 111 , f . 149

tisis sabahensis ; park , lee & abang , 2005 , j . asia - pacif . ent . 8 ( 1 ) : 45 , 50 ( list ) ; park , 2014 , j . asia - pacif . biodiv . 7 : 112 , f . 161

tisis yasudai ; park , lee & abang , 2005 , j . asia - pacif . ent . 8 ( 1 ) : 41 , 50 ( list ) ; park , 2014 , j . asia - pacif . biodiv . 7 : 113 , f . 166

tisis mesozosta ; [ nhm card ] ; park , 2000 , zoological studies 39 ( 4 ) : 372 ; park , lee & abang , 2005 , j . asia - pacif . ent . 8 ( 1 ) : 49 ( list ) ; park , heppner & bae , 2013 , zookeys 263 : 50 ( list )

works related to the english repertory , 1450 - 80 . agwillare ; ben so che ; deus deorum ; o beate sebastiane ; o intemerata ; patrem ( stuttgart ) ; patrem ( stuttgart ) reconstructed ; pryncesse of youthe ; salvator mundi ; tisis non ; to iours ; virga jesse floruit ; voy da plas ; xilobalsamus / ? horwood ; ( ballade : trento no . 1076 ) ; ( ballade : verona 757 ) ; ( fragmentary ballade : florence 107bis ) ; ( rondeau : florence 176 )

= ; sattler , 1973 , bull . br . mus . nat . hist . ( ent . ) 28 ( 4 ) : 262 ; [ nhm card ] ; park , 2000 , zoological studies 39 ( 4 ) : 371 ; park , lee & abang , 2005 , j . asia - pacif . ent . 8 ( 1 ) : 38

= ; sattler , 1973 , bull . br . mus . nat . hist . ( ent . ) 28 ( 4 ) : 261 ; [ nhm card ] ; park , 2000 , zoological studies 39 ( 4 ) : 371 ; park , lee & abang , 2005 , j . asia - pacif . ent . 8 ( 1 ) : 38

= ; sattler , 1973 , bull . br . mus . nat . hist . ( ent . ) 28 ( 4 ) : 178 ; [ nhm card ] ; park , 2000 , zoological studies 39 ( 4 ) : 371 ; park , lee & abang , 2005 , j . asia - pacif . ent . 8 ( 1 ) : 38

cacogamia elegans snellen , 1903 ; tijdschr . ent . 46 : 49 , pl . 5 , f . 10 - 12 ; tl : w . java , preanger , 1500 - 1600m

tipha helioclina meyrick , 1894 ; trans . ent . soc . 1894 ( 1 ) : 19 ; tl : upper burma , fort stedman

cacogamia ? luteella snellen , 1903 ; tijdschr . ent . 46 : 50 , pl . 5 , f . 13 - 14 ; tl : java , batavia

tingentera meliorella walker , 1864 ; list spec . lepid . insects colln br . mus . 29 : 798 ; tl : sarawak , borneo

togia nemophorella walker , 1864 ; list spec . lepid . insects colln br . mus . 29 : 792 ; tl : sarawak , borneo

tonosa seclusella walker , 1864 ; list spec . lepid . insects colln br . mus . 29 : 796 ; tl : sarawak , borneo

sangmi lee , richard brown & sibyl bucheli . gelechioidea - a global framework ;

[ maps ] warning ! the maps are automatically generated from the textual information , and the process does not always produce acceptable result ; see about maps for more info .

h . sauter ' s formosa ausbeute . pterophoridae , tortricidae , eucosmidae , gelechiadae , oecophoridae , cosmopterygidae , hypomeutidae , sesiadae , glyphipterygidae , plutellidae , teneidae , adelidae ( lep . )

if you have corrections , comments or information to add into these pages , just send mail to markku savela keep in mind that the taxonomic information is copied from various sources , and may include many inaccuracies . expert help is welcome .

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three hundred and twenty newly described species of lecithoceridae ( lepidoptera , gelechioidea ) by k . t . park since 1998 , with a tentative catalogue and images of types - sciencedirect

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a total of 320 species of lecithoceridae , described by the author since 1998 from various regions of the world , are presented . in the species list , both genera and species are arranged alphabetically within a subfamily , with the source of the original description in the parenthesis , type locality , and genitalia slide number of the holotype if available . also the name of the museum , in which the type is deposited , is listed . images of the types and label data are also provided .

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motets constitute the most important polyphonic genre of the thirteenth and fourteenth centuries . moreover , these compositions are intrinsically involved in the early development of polyphony . this volume - the first to be devoted exclusively to medieval motets - aims to provide a comprehensive guide to them , from a number of different disciplines and perspectives . it addresses crucial matters such as how the motet developed ; the rich interplay of musical , poetic , and intertextual modes of meaning specific to the genre ; and the changing social and historical circumstances surrounding motets in medieval france , england , and italy . it also seeks to question many traditional assumptions and received opinions in the area . the first part of the book considers core concepts in motet scholarship : issues of genre , relationships between the motet and other musico - poetic forms , tenor organization , isorhythm , notational development , social functions , and manuscript layout . this is followed by a series of individual case studies which look in detail at a variety of specific pieces , compositional techniques , collections , and subgenres . jared c . hartt is associate professor of music theory at the oberlin college conservatory of music . contributors : margaret bent , jacques boogaart , catherine a . bradley , alice v . clark , suzannah clark , karen desmond , lawrence earp , sarah fuller , john haines , jared c . hartt , elizabeth eva leach , dolores pesce , gael saint - cricq , jennifer saltzstein , matthew p . thomson , stefan udell , anna zayaruznaya , emily zazulia .

la ressemblance avec dieu dans les actes - - l ' acte créateur - - qu ' est - ce que la création ? - - le processus créatif dans l ' antiphonaire latin 12044 - - la pratique du chant - - le processus créatif dans le programme iconographique du latin 12044 - - rentrer en contact avec dieu .

" manuscrit de chant grégorien , l ' antiphonaire de saint - maur - des - fossés , paris , bnf , latin 12044 est un mélange de texte , de musique et d ' images savamment orchestré autour d ' un dénominateur commun : le nombre . en combinant des éléments textuels , musicaux et iconographiques à travers le prisme du nombre synonyme d ' harmonie et de beauté , le concepteur du programme iconographique conduit le lecteur / chantre à comprendre que toute son existence est vouée à la rencontre avec dieu . pour y parvenir , il livre sa méthode : devenir un " homme parfait " puis un " homme nouveau " . " - - page 4 of cover .

die einstimmigen werke von lorenzo da firenze aus dem codex squarcialupi ( i - fl mediceo palatino 87 ) .

1 online resource ( 1 sound file ) sound : digital . digital : audio file .

como somos per conssello do demo perdudos / ? alfonso el sabio ( 1 : 32 ) .

musique et poésie entre histoire et historiographie - - que reste - t - il de nos amours ? - - entretien avec michel zink - - troubadours et trouvères . musique , société et amour courtois - - musicologie et philologie regards croisés - - philologie et musicologie . les variantes musicales dans les chansons de troubadours - - la question des variantes dans les nova cantica de l ' office de la circoncision de sens - - musicologie et philologie : deux disciplines " auxiliaires " - - musicologie et philologie numériques - - transmission et interprétation . à propos des mélodies des troubadours - - tropes et prosules : poésie et musique - - philologie versus musicologie ? - - pour une approche pragmatique de la lyrique médiévale - - usages et pratique des sources - - writing and reading . word and sound in the ninth century - - musique mesurée ou non mesurée ? - - étude sur le rythme dans les monodies des troubadours - - " l ' en i chante et lit " . le discours musical dans les textes littéraires médiévaux - - alphée et aréthuse . sur quelques sources notées des ballades médiévales - - structures formelles et techniques de composition - - la division strophique des chansons de troubadours . entre métrique , musique et syntaxe - - les figures de répétition dans la chanson de trouvères - - le conduit à nombre de voix variable ( 1150 - 1250 ) - - texte et musique dans les motets sur flos filius ejus . l ' exemple de fidelis gratuletur i domino - - " lay ves frança " . les structures formelles de la musique et de la poésie dans la lyrique catalane des origines - - pouvoir des mots et du chant - - le praecantator et l ' art du verbe - - voix de la liturgie , voix du théâtre dans le drame religieux ( xe - xiiie siècle ) - - la mise en scène rhétorique de la musique dans les premiers récits exemplaires cisterciens - - images pour l ' oeil et pour l ' oreille au service de la méditation monastique . le lignum vitae de bonaventure dans le manuscrit darmstadt 2777 - - poésie courtoise et déclamation dans les motets pétroniens . position du problème .

" cet ouvrage explore les relations entre texte et musique au moyen âge à travers les regards croisés de philologues , de musicologues , d ' historiens et de littéraires . du contexte de création à la réception des répertoires , des sources manuscrites aux aspects formels de la lyrique sacrée et profane , les contributions réunies dans ce volume explorent les tendances passées et actuelles de la recherche sur le chant médiéval . elles proposent également des approches méthodologiques nouvelles , dans une perspective interdisciplinaire , où musicologie et philologie avancent main dans la main . " - - page 4 of cover .

contents introduction ' merrie england ' , cultural memory and the writing of english musical history chapter 1 ' the greatest musical curiosity extant ' : ' sumer is icumen in ' and the canon of english music chapter 2 anglicus angelicus : was english music political ? chapter 3 authorship , musicianship and value in medieval english history chapter 4 who was john dunstaple ? chapter 5 negotiating identity in medieval english music : anxiety and ethnicity chapter 6 contenance angloise : a reappraisal epilogue .

although medieval english music has been relatively neglected in comparison with repertoire from france and italy , there are few classical musicians today who have not listened to the thirteenth - century song ' sumer is icumen in ' , or read of the achievements and fame of fifteenth - century composer john dunstaple . similarly , the identification of a distinctively english musical style ( sometimes understood as the contenance angloise ) has been made on numerous occasions by writers exploring the extent to which english ideas influenced polyphonic composition abroad . angel song : medieval english music in history examines the ways in which the standard narratives of english musical history have been crafted , from the middle ages to the present . colton challenges the way in which the concept of a canon of english music has been built around a handful of pieces , composers and practices , each of which offers opportunities for a reappraisal of english musical and devotional cultures between 1250 and 1460 .

music from the llibre vermell de montserrat . polorum regina ; los set goyts ; maria matrem virginem ; stella splendens ; imperayritz de la ciudad joyosa

music from the llibre vermell de montserrat . ad mortem festinamus ; laudemus virginem , splendens ceptigera

music from the barcelona lectionary ( 14th century ) . antiphona : christus natus est nobis ; psalmus 94 / 95 ( invitatory ) : venite exultemus domino ; benedictio , lectio , de homilia sancti augustini ; responsorium : verbum caro factum est ; benedictio , lectio , sermo sancti augustini in die natalis domini ; el cant de la sibil·la

music from the llibre vermell de montserrat . o virgo splendens ; cuncti simus concanentes

middleton , wisconsin : a - r editions , inc . , [ 2017 ]

2 . auflage . - wilhelmshaven : florian noetzel verlag , " heinrichshofen - bücher " , 2017 . -

sanetus : hugo ist priester in reutlingen und erlebt die katastrophen seiner zeit : er ist von dem grossen streit zwischen kaiser ludwig und den päpsten betroffen : trotzdem ist es die kreativste zeit seines lebens .

improvisation and inventio in the performance of medieval music : a practical approach is an innovative and groundbreaking approach to medieval music as living repertoire . the book provides philosophical frameworks , primary - source analysis , and clear , actionable practices and exercises aimed at recovering the improvisatory and inventive aspects of medieval music for contemporary musicians . aimed at both instrumentalists and vocalists , the book explores the utilization of musical models , the inventive implications of medieval notation , and the ways in which memory , mode , rhetoric , and primary source paradigms inform the improvisatory process in both monophonic and polyphonic music of the middle ages . angela mariani , an experienced performer of both medieval music and folk and traditional musics , rediscovers and explicates the processes of imagination , invention , and improvisation which historically energized both medieval music in its own period and in its revival in our own time . based on decades of research , university teaching , ensemble direction , collaboration , and performance , mariani ' s impassioned stance that " the elusive element of inventio , as the medieval rhetoricians would have called it , must always be provided by the performer in the present , " emphasizes medieval music performance practice as a dynamic and still - vital tradition . students , teachers , directors , and those interested in the wealth of expressive beauty found in the music of the middle ages will likewise find value and meaning in her clear and accessible prose , and in the practical processes and exercises that make this book unique within the literature of medieval performance practice .

1 . auflage , deutsche erstausgabe . - sankt ottilien : eos , 2017 .

woodbridge , suffolk , uk : a york medieval press publication in association with the boydell press , an imprint of boydell & brewer ltd , 2017 .

1 audio disc ( 76 : 37 ) : digital , cd audio , stereo ; 4 3 / 4 in . sound : digital ; optical ; stereo . digital : audio file . cd audio .

lanuam quam clauserat ; iacintus in saltibus ; [ iacet granum ] / anon . ( 1 : 43 )

open nobis o thoma ; salve , thoma ; [ pastor cesus ] / anon . ( : 40 )

de flore martyrum ; deus tuorum militum ; [ ave rex gentis anglorum ] / anon . ( 1 : 45 )

ave miles ; ave rex , patrone ; ave rex gentis anglorum / anon . ( 1 : 47 )

the agincourt carol ( 3 : 42 ) ; kyrie . . . domine miserere - ab inimicis nostris ( 5 : 35 ) / anon .

convegno storico internazionale ( 8th : 1972 : todi , italy ) , author .

ristampa anastatica . - spoleto : fondazione centro italiano di studi sull ' alto medioevo , 2017 .

287 pages , 70 unnumbered pages of plates : illustrations , music ; 22 cm .

les représentations de l ' ecclesia dans l ' art des xe - xiie siècles / h . toubert

mathématique et architecture : prportions , dimensions systématiques et syboliques dans l ' architecture religieuse du haut moyen âge / c . heitz

les themes musicaux de l ' apocalypse , leur signification spirituelle et leur interpretation dans le miniatures / n . bridgman

linguaggio figurativo aulico dall ' età degli ottoni all ' età romanica / r . salvini

quelques reflexions sur le lyrisme et la spiritualité dans la musique médiévale / s . corbin .

1 audio disc ( 46 : 03 ) : cd audio , stereo ; 4 3 / 4 in . sound : digital . optical . 1 . 4 m / s . digital recording . digital : audio file . cd audio .

cacciando per gustar / ai cinci , ai toppi / antonio " zacara " da teramo ( 3 : 33 ) .

" education sentimentale , artistique et culturelle de l ' europe . . . ainsi que l ' ont écrit plusieurs médiévistes . les troubadours se mêlent de tout , ouvertement : ils critiquent les rois , aiment leurs dames , dénoncent l ' inquisition , participent aux croisades en orient ou effectuent des pèlerinages . leurs chansons cultivent l ' art de la parole libre , elles sont au coeur de la vie sociale et la vie sociale est au coeur de leurs mots . ces cansos parcourent l ' europe devant un public connaisseur , de grands chants forgés avec métier , paroles et musiques , sur de belles razos , de beaux thèmes . ce sont des oeuvres chantées , abordant tous les sujets avec une réflexion intense , qui répandent dans les cours des idées nouvelles et bouleversent les codes établis . de dante alighieri à la philosophe simone weil , ils sont nombreux ceux qui seront interpellés par ce trobar des xiie - xiiie siècles . et depuis longtemps , des romantiques aux slameurs d ' aujourd ' hui les troubadours nous interrogent encore . " - - page 4 of cover .

2 audio discs : cd audio , digital ; 4 3 / 4 in . sound : digital ; optical ; stereo ; surround . digital : audio file . cd audio ; sacd .

oid , oid . . . [ . . . las buenas nuevas de lepanto ] / joan brudieu ( 6 : 02 ) .

di queste selve venite , o numi de la senna festeggiante composée à la gloire de louis xv . l ' età dell ' oro , la virtù , la senna / antonio vivaldi ( 4 : 13 )

per quel bel viso ( 3 : 43 ) ; mia cara anzoletta ( 2 : 50 ) / johann adolf hasse ; ed . john walsh ; arrangement à 4 voix de jordi savall

this set contains two sacds and a book . jordi savall conducts hesperion xxi , panagiotis neochoritis , la capella de catalunya , and le concert des nations .

antifonario mozarabe de silos . leccion i de jueves santo ; leccion ii de jueves santo ; leccion i de viernes santo ; leccion i de sabado santo ; oracion de jeremias / antifonario mozárabe de silos

1 score ( 53 pages , 278 unnumbered pages ) : facsimiles ( chiefly color ) ; 43 cm .

this volume contains full - color facsimiles of manuscript examples of polyphony as it flourished in england during the time of henry iii and edward i . nearly all the manuscripts are reproduced here at full size . with a foreword by magnus williamson , introduction , bibliography , notes , catalogue , and index .

xiv , 444 pages , 16 unnumbered pages of plates : illustrations ( some color ) , maps , music ; 24 cm .

it has become widely accepted among musicologists that medieval music is most profitably studied from interdisciplinary perspectives that situate it within broad culture contexts . the origins of this consensus lie in a decisive reorientation of the field that began approximately four decades ago . for much of the twentieth century , research on medieval music had focused on the discovery and evaluation of musical and theoretical sources . the 1970s and 1980s , by contrast , witnessed calls for broader methodologies and more fully contextual approaches that in turn anticipated the emergence of the so - called ' new musicology ' . the fifteen essays in the present collection explore three interrelated areas of inquiry that proved particularly significant : the liturgy , sources ( musical and archival ) , and musical symbolism . in so doing , these essays not only acknowledge past achievements but also illustrate how this broad , interdisciplinary approach remains a source for scholarly innovation .

music in beneventan style . music in beneventan style in manuscripts for the mass ; music in beneventan style in manuscripts for the office ; the notation of music in beneventan style in pitch - specific sources ; the notation of pitch in the editions of music in beneventan style

the notation of the beneventan repertory . basic neumes ; special neumes ; compound neumes ; liquescence ; graphic changes in the later eleventh and twelfth centuries ; neumes in performance

part i . the music of the beneventan rite . mass proper ; music for holy week ; mass ordinary ; varia ; the office

part ii . music in beneventan style . music in beneventan style in manuscripts of the mass ; music in beneventan style in manuscripts of the office

this edition presents for the first time the complete music of the beneventan rite , the repertory of latin plainchant sung in southern italy around the turn of the ninth century , prior to the adoption of gregorian repertory . 180 different melodies are included , all in beneventan neume notation .

musik der mittelalterlichen metropole : räume , identitäten und kontexte der musik in köln und mainz , ca . 900 - 1400 : tagungsbericht mainz / köln oktober 2014

symbolische kommunikation , institutionelle repräsentation und die visualisierung der musik im kölner dom / björn r . tammen

" disciplina tam nobilis . . . tamque utilis " : zum status der musik im bildungsverständnis des hrabanus maurus / stefan seit

tonsystem und modus - lehre in den quaestiones in musica des rudolf von st . trond / christian berger

johannes de grocheio in st . barbara : ein zufall ? überlegungen zur kartäuserbibliothek als überlieferungsraum / inga mai groote

zu den griechischkenntnissen in st . gallen um 900 : die ellinici fratres bei notker balbulus / marian weiß

das nordfranzösische und seine sprecher im 13 . und frühen 14 . jahrhundert : gallici im tractatulus de musica , bei anonymus iv und johannes de grocheio / marie winkelmüller

übernahme byzantinischer kirchentöne : graeci bei aurelianus reomensis sowie autoren des 11 . jahrhunderts / frank hentschel und marian weiß

die " mos . . . veteranorum cantorum " des aurelianus reomensis und die stellung der gallikanischen liturgie im westfrankenreich des späten 9 . jahrhunderts / marie winkelmüller

almam hunc diem celebremus cum benedictus [ ad laudes : archiepiscopal archive florence , 12th century ] / anonymous ( enzo ventroni , conductor ; coro viri galilaei ) .

di 1 ban . 第1版 . - beijing : shang wu yin shu guan , 2016 . 北京 : 商務印書館 , 2016 .

antiphonaria : catalogue of notated office manuscripts preserved in flanders ( c . 1100 - c . 1800 )

this first volume catalogues the notated office manuscripts collections of the libraries and private archives of averbode ( onze - lieve - vrouw and sint - jan de doper abbey ) , dendermonde ( sint - pieter and paulus abby ) , geel ( archief sint dimpnakerk ) , ghent ( universiteitsbibliotheek , rijksarchief , musua voor schone kunsten , bisschoppelijk seminarie , archief van de sint baafskathedraal ) and tongeren ( onze - lieve - vrouwebasiliek , stadsarchief ) . the aim of the " antiphonaria " series is to catalogue all collections of notated manuscripts for the office , following a combined format of rism .

alfonso x , king of castile and leon , 1221 - 1284 , composer , compiler .

concerts pour saint louis , l ' an de grâce 2014 - - ars antiqua - - art francien .

" cet essai correspond à un guide d ' orientation susceptible d ' aider les choix de l ' auditeur en tentant de créer une ambiance musicale médiévale avec certains repères culturels , artistiques , historiques , géographiques . les musiques polyphoniques médiévales doivent se dérouler dans leur cadre historique , celui des monuments franciens ( dits " gothiques " , xiiie , xive , xve siècles ) . cet ouvrage comprend deux parties schématiques : la première concerne les musiques médiévales , polyphoniques ou contrapuntiques ; la deuxième partie rappelle les sources fondamentales , correspondant aux musiques monodiques : rome et byzance . l ' essai inaugure également la création d ' une nouvelle chapelle ; la capella schola parisis , regroupant la confédération des ensembles - maîtrises médiévistes de paris et d ' ile - de - france . cette chapelle est gérée par l ' organisation de l ' association le parisien paradis , à mon seul désir , et sa coordination relève de l ' ufr de musique et de musicologie de la sorbonne université paris - iv . " - - p . [ 4 ] of cover .

balades a iii chans . helas pitié envers moy dort si fort / trebor ( 5 : 58 ) ; se alexandre et hector fussent en vie / trebor ( 12 : 52 )

se zephirus , phebus et leur lignie / magister grimace . ( 4 : 41 ) .

fleurs de vertus : refinement in songs of the late gothic . pictagoras jabol et orpheüs / johannes suzoy ( 7 : 16 )

il n ' est nulz homs en ce monde vivant / philipoctus de caserta ( 10 : 42 ) .

en doulz chastel de pavie : music at the court of gian galeazzo visconti c . 1400 . de ma doulour / philipoctus de caserta ( 8 : 41 )

corps femenin : duke john of berry ' s lyrical avant - garde . angelorum psalat tripudium / rodericus ( 5 : 47 )

roses et lis ay veu en une flour / magister egidius augustinus ( 8 : 06 ) .

il laudario di cortona : cortona , biblioteca del comune e dell ' accademia etrusca , ms . 91

la vie liturgique et musicale à la fille - dieu - - les documents médiévaux - - les " brouillons " de la réforme bernardine ( début des années 1140 ) : fid 1 et 2 , westmalle 12a - b , tamié 6 et tre fontane 47 - - la copie de livres liturgiques à la fille - dieu : tre fontane 49 - - tre fontane 48 , le scriptorium d ' hauterive et les livres de la fille - dieu - - les fragments liturgiques conservés aux archives de l ' état de fribourg ( aef ) - - de la renaissance à l ' époque classique - - les éditions cisterciennes du xviiie siècle - - de la fin du xviiie siècle au xxe siècle - - chant liturgique à l ' époque du rattachement à la stricte observance - - conclusions - - catalogue des manuscrits liturgiques de la fille - dieu - - catalogue des livres polyphoniques de la fille - dieu .

" le présent ouvrage dresse le panorama liturgique et musical de l ' abbaye de la fille - dieu ( romont ) , de l ' époque de la fondation ( 1268 ) à nos jours . il se fonde sur les archives de l ' abbaye et des monastères voisins et apparentés . il répertorie et commente cent trente - huit documents conservés à la fille - dieu et classés en deux fonds : les manuscrits liturgiques et les livres polyphoniques . l ' étude évoque en particulier la bibliothèque médiévale de l ' abbaye romontoise et les exceptionnels fragments de chant cistercien primitif ( copiés vers 1136 ) qu ' elle conserve encore aujourd ' hui . le fonds des livres polyphoniques , composé de trois manuscrits et soixante et un recueils imprimés de messes et motets , laisse entrevoir la vitalité avec laquelle la polyphonie et l ' art instrumental furent pratiqués de la fin du xvie siècle au xviiie siècle . parmi les fleurons de cette collection inédite figurent quatre recueils méconnus d ' auteurs franco - flamands imprimés à paris , chez pierre attaingnant , de 1545 à 1550 ; ainsi que l ' harmonicorum fasciculus florum du cistercien bene - dict rüegg , sorti des presses de l ' abbaye de wettingen en 1701 . " - - p . [ 4 ] of cover .

contents : preface - - in search of jacobus - - motet citations in the speculum , and petrus de cruce - - hitherto proposed authorial candidates , and dating the speculum - - a new candidate for authorship of the speculum - - ispania : other theorists - - another magister jacobus de ispania : james of spain - - the infante enrique of castile , father of jacobus - - james of spain , prince and pluralist - - the author of the speculum - - appendix of poetic texts - - bibliography - - index .

introduction : making liturgy - - part i . a troper : 1 . recording music in the tenth century - - 2 . the historical import of a ' troper ' - - part ii . a ritual handbook : 3 . the contested identity of vienna , onb , cod . 1888 - - 4 . intermingled song - - part iii . episcopal liturgy : 5 . itinerant ritual - - 6 . the nascent ' pontifical ' - - part iv . the romano - german pontifical : 7 . the prg in mainz - - conclusion : disentangling liturgy - - bibliography - - index .

this highly original study examines the history and religious life of the ottonian church through its ritual books . with forensic attention to the writing and design of four important manuscripts from the city of mainz - a musician ' s troper , a priest ' s ritual handbook , a bishop ' s pontifical and a copy of the enigmatic compilation now known as the ' romano - german pontifical ' - henry parkes transforms liturgical sources into eloquent witnesses to the ecclesiastical history of early medieval germany . he also presents the first comprehensive revision of michel andrieu ' s influential ' romano - german pontifical ' theory , from the dual perspective of mainz ' s cathedral of st martin and its benedictine monastery of st alban . challenging long - held assumptions about the geographies of ottonian power , in particular the central role of mainz and its archbishops , the book opens up important new ways of understanding how religious ritual was organised , transmitted and perceived .

the manuscript sources of medieval song rarely fit the description of ' songbook ' easily . instead , they are very often mixed compilations that place songs alongside other diverse contents , and the songs themselves may be inscribed as texts alone or as verbal and musical notation . this book looks afresh at these manuscripts through ten case studies , representing key sources in latin , french , german , and english from across europe during the middle ages . each chapter is authored by a leading expert and treats a case study in detail , including a listing of the manuscript ' s overall contents , a summary of its treatment in scholarship , and up - to - date bibliographical references . drawing on recent scholarly methodologies , the contributors uncover what these books and the songs within them meant to their medieval audience and reveal a wealth of new information about the original contexts of songs both in performance and as committed to parchment .

1 online resource ( 1 sound file ) . sound : digital . digital : audio file .

introduction - - 1 . songs alive - - 2 . how ( not ) to write a motet : the exemplary in virtute / decens - - 3 . motet visions of an apocalyptic statue - - 4 . interlude : nebuchadnezzar ' s dream - - 5 . ars nova and division - - epilogue : the poetics of representation - - appendices : 1 . philippe de vitry , in virtute / decens : texts , translations , and music - - 2 . philippe de vitry , cum statua / hugo : texts , translations , and music - - 3 . philippe de vitry , phi millies / o creator : texts , translations , and music - - 4 . anonymous , post missarum / post misse : texts and translations - - 5 . anonymous , fortune / ma dolour : texts and translations - - 6 . anonymous , amer / durement : texts and translations - - 7 . philippe de vitry , firmissime / adesto : texts and translations - - 8 . anonymous , beatius / cum humanum : texts and translations .

late medieval motet texts are brimming with chimeras , centaurs and other strange creatures . in the monstrous new art , anna zayaruznaya explores the musical ramifications of this menagerie in the works of composers guillaume de machaut , philippe de vitry , and their contemporaries . aligning the larger forms of motets with the broad sacred and secular themes of their texts , zayaruznaya shows how monstrous or hybrid exempla are musically sculpted by rhythmic and textural means . these divisive musical procedures point to the contradictory aspects not only of explicitly monstrous bodies , but of such apparently unified entities as the body politic , the courtly lady , and the holy trinity . zayaruznaya casts a new light on medieval modes of musical representation , with profound implications for broader disciplinary narratives about the history of text - music relations , the emergence of musical unity , and the ontology of the musical work .

" a polymath and monk , hermannus contractus ( 1013 - 54 ) contributed to the important advancements made in european arts and sciences in the first half off the eleventh century , writing on history , astronomy , and timekeepig devices , among other topics , and composing several chants . his music theory , founded on a systematic treatment of traditional concepts and terminology dating back to the ancient greeks , is concerned largely with the oganization of pitch in gregorian chant . " - - provided by publisher .

ordre et désordre de l ' espace sonore - - entendre les paysages sonores du moyen âge et de la renaissance . l ' approche musicologique - - paysage sonore de la ville assiégée - - le cri de la cité , le souverain et le chevalier dans quelques romans arthuriens - - à cor et à cri . le paysage sonore de la justice , en france à la fin du moyen âge - - oui ou non , les morts font - ils du bruit ? - - chants de guerre et cris d ' armes - - chansons , ballades et complaintes de guerres au xve siècle entre exaltation de l ' esprit belliqueux et mémoire des événements - - l ' histoire de la principauté de bourgogne en chansons une propagande bien orchestrée - - expressions verbales de la présence française en italie entre xve et xvie siècles - - cris de guerre et d ' armes . formes et fonctions de l ' emblème sonore médiéval - - " or oyez . . . " les hérauts d ' armes dans l ' espace sonore - - de l ' onomatopée au chant - - paysage sonore et écriture dramatique : les onomatopées dans le théâtre comique autour de 1500 - - cris et mots crus de la polyphonie du xve siècle . contribution à la généalogie du réalisme musical avant janequin - - cris et musicalités des jongleurs et des fous dans les manuscrits enluminés ( xiiie - xive siècles ) - - " à chant et à cris " : l ' interprétation des cacce italiennes du xvie siècle dans les enregistrements discographiques - - éclats de voix , éclats de joie : le chant liturgique et le cri de la foi - - " retiens la nuit pour nous deux . . . " réflexions sur la chanson d ' aube de langue d ' oïl - - paysages sonores et littérature médiévale : fécondité et fragilité d ' une rencontre .

" " si l ' homme ne retient pas les sons dans sa mémoire , ils périssent , car ils ne peuvent être écrits " , déplore isidore de séville . par définition , les bruits et les sons s ' envolent , et de fait , à première écoute , les sociétés anciennes , le monde d ' avant edison , apparaissent désespérément silencieuses . comment étudier les bruits , les rumeurs , les clameurs qui animent le monde médiéval ? peut - on même se représenter ces centaines de cloches qui , dans une ville comme paris , sonnent à la volée les heures de la journée ? peut - on imaginer les embarras de rues étroites où se côtoient hommes et bêtes , où hurlent du matin au soir crieurs et colporteurs ? c ' est cet ensemble qui constitue un paysage sonore . depuis les travaux pionniers de r . murray schafer et d ' alain corbin , l ' histoire du sensible a suscité un intérêt qui ne s ' est jamais démenti , et qui a donné lieu à un grand nombre de travaux pour les xixe et xxe siècles . or , le moyen âge est moins silencieux qu ' on pourrait le croire , et une partie au moins des sons quotidiens et familiers se retrouve transcrite dans des chroniques , des chansonniers , des romans , voire dans des actes judiciaires . il s ' agit de les retrouver , de les analyser et de les donner à entendre de nouveau , dans une sorte d ' extraordinaire essai d ' archéologie sonore . partageant le même intérêt pour la perception sensible de l ' univers médiéval , laurent vissière et laurent hablot se sont attachés à réunir autour du thème des paysages sonores des historiens , des musicologues et des littéraires dans une perspective résolument interdisciplinaire . rassemblant leurs savoirs , ces spécialistes du moyen âge et de la renaissance nous font entendre ici le bruissement oublié du quotidien des femmes et des hommes de jadis . " - - page 4 of cover .

prelude acknowledgments a note on transliteration overture performance , nostalgia , and the rhetoric of al - andalus : mediterranean soundings 1 . in the shadows of ziryab : narratives of al - andalus and andalusian music 2 . the rhetoric of al - andalus in modern syria , or , there and back again 3 . the rhetoric of al - andalus in morocco : genealogical imagination and authenticity 4 . the rhetoric of al - andalus in spain : nostalgic dwelling among the children of ziryab finalis the project of al - andalus and nostalgic dwelling in the 21st century glossary notes references index .

performing al - andalus explores three musical cultures that claim a connection to the music of medieval iberia , the islamic kingdom of al - andalus , known for its complex mix of arab , north african , christian , and jewish influences . jonathan holt shannon shows that the idea of a shared andalusian heritage animates performers and aficionados in modern - day syria , morocco , and spain , but with varying and sometimes contradictory meanings in different social and political contexts . as he traces the movements of musicians , songs , histories , and memories circulating around the mediterranean , he argues that attention to such flows offers new insights into the complexities of culture and the nuances of selfhood .

bloomington , indiana ; indianapolis , [ indiana ] : indiana university press , 2015 .

di 1 ban . 第1版 . - shanghai : shanghai gu ji chu ban she , 2015 . 上海 : 上海古籍出版社 , 2015 .

xvii , 216 , a32 pages : ill . , music ; 24 cm .

anthology for music in the medieval west , part of the western music in context series , is the ideal companion to music in the medieval west . forty - four carefully chosen works - including plainchant , the earliest experiments in polyphony , excerpts from latin liturgical dramas , and the elaborate polyphony of the fourteenth century - offer representative examples of the music of the period . commentaries following each score present a careful analysis of the music , and online links to purchase and download recordings make listening easier than ever .

l ' ars nova italiana del trecento . 8 , beyond 50 years of ars nova studies at certaldo , 1959 - 2009 : atti del convegno internazionale di studi ( certaldo , palazzo pretorio , 12 - 14 giugno 2009 )

a modo di prologo . convergenze tra filologia testuale e filologia musicale / giuseppe tavani

i mottetti nei frammenti d - mbs 3223 , ccl . 499 e cortona , archivio storico del comune 2 / oliver huck

musical analysis and the characterization of compositional identity : new evidence for the anonymous " checca tte piaccia " / jeannie ma . guerrero

the sources and early readers of ugolino of orvieto ' s " declaratio musice discipline " / evan a . maccarthy

preface with acknowledgements - - abbreviations - - introduction - - part one : citation , genre , and experiments in song in the early fourteenth century - - 1 . cantilena entata : etymologies and the grafted song ca . 1300 - - 2 . grafting song in paris : the lyric works of jehannot de lescurel - - 3 . experimental song - writing in the roman de fauvel - - part two : performing citation in court and city : the rise of the fixed forms - - 4 . performing nonsense at court : watriquet de couvin ' s fastras - - 5 . citation and ritual at the puys of valenciennes and paris - - 6 . jehan de le mote and the rise of the ballade - - 7 . citing the classics : mythological ballades by le mote , vitry , and campion - - part three : machaut and the art of grafted song - - 8 . machaut ' s heritage : tracing citations in his lyrics and songs - - 9 . self - citation and lyric process in la loange des dames - - 10 . the dynamics of duplication : staging debate in machaut ' s voir dit - - epilogue - - bibliography .