hexagonaria is a genus of colonial rugose coral .

fossils are found in rock formations dating to the devonian period , about 350 million years ago .

specimens of hexagonaria can be found in most of the rock formations of the traverse group in michigan .

fossils of this genus form petoskey stones , the state stone of michigan .

hexagonaria is a common constituent of the coral reefs exposed in devonian fossil gorge below the coralville lake spillway and in many exposures of the coralville formation in the vicinity of coralville , iowa .

hexagonaria

hexagonaria <EOT> the hexagonaria coral ( hexagonaria percarinata ) is commonly and incorrectly referred to as the “petoskey stone . ”

3 . ) what is the diameter of a single polyp in this fossilized hexagonaria percarinata .

hexagonaria coral head with several simulated coral polyps as an example of how this creature may have looked in life .

hexagonaria fossils , at center , with partial crinoid fossils , above and to the left , seen at the devonian fossil gorge outside iowa city , iowa .

hexagonaria percarinata stumm , 1969 - fossil rugose coral from the devonian of michigan , usa . ( polished surface ; field of view ~ 3 . 2 cm across )

rounded hexagonaria coral as found on the beach near charlevoix . in many cases it is hard to discern what they are until they are moistened with water to reveal the delicate structure .

asexually , the corals produce “buds” that grow from the main coral animal . budding slowly expands the size of the colonies . the hexagonaria buds in this manner . some of the hexagonaria coral heads found in michigan were several feet in diameter , indicating that the corals were quite old . one coral head in the lafarge north america quarry in alpena is in excess of 20 feet in diameter

the requirements to log this cache are to email me the answers to questions 1 , 2 and 3 at my profile : 1 . ) what is the height of this fossilized hexagonaria percarinata .

today the fossilized remains of the hexagonaria percarinata are found in the limestone of the traverse group . near petoskey they are found the the gravel point formation and in the alpena area they are found in alpena limestone .

this is a beautifully detailed fossil coral colony quarried from near assa zag morocco in the western sahara . the genus appears to be hexagonaria and it would be devonian in age , 350 - 400 million years old . hexagonaria is a genus of colonial rugose coral . fossils are found in rock formations dating to the devonian period , about 350 million years ago . fossils of this genus form petoskey stones , the state stone of michigan

beach & lake gravel in this area consists of many lithologies , including fossiliferous limestone clasts and worn fossil corals ( favositids & colonial rugosans ) . hexagonaria is a colonial rugose coral ( animalia , cnidaria , anthozoa , rugosa , phillipsastraeidae ) .

the city of petoskey , michigan gets its name from an old ottawa indian chief , ignatius petosega . “pet - o - sega” means “rays of the rising sun” . petoskey stones are so - named in reference to the dark - colored “eye” & radiating lines of individual hexagonaria corallites .

the hexagonaria are found across the state of michigan along lakeshores and rivers in sediments commonly called the traverse group . they are rounded fragments of the coral hexagonaria . some of these coral reefs still lie beneath the ground and under the water of little traverse bay . due to the waves and abrasive action of the sand , these stones are rounded and washed up on the beach . the action of ice also brings these stones into shallow water . the best time to hunt for petoskey stones is in the spring as soon as the ice melts . i have even seen locals donning wet suits and walking in waste deep water as ice floats by , picking up the stones before they even reach shore .

the soft living tissue of the coral was called a polyp . at the center of this was the area where food was taken in , or the mouth . this dark spot , has been filled with mud or silt that petrified after falling into the openings . surrounding the openings were tentacles that were used for gathering food and drawing it into the mouth . the living hexagonaria percarinata coral thrived on plankton that lived in the warm sea . calcite , silica and other minerals have replaced the first elements of each cell . each separate chamber , then , on each petoskey stone , was a member of a thriving colony of living corals . for that reason the hexagonaria percarinata is called a colony coral .

the “official “state stone” of michigan is the petoskey stone , the local name for rounded pebbles or cobbles of the fossil coral hexagonaria percarinata stumm , 1969 . petoskey stones have been weathered & eroded from fossiliferous limestones of the traverse group ( middle devonian ) . they are particularly common in the vicinity of little traverse bay & the town of petoskey ( northwestern lower peninsula of michigan ) .

petoskey stones were mass coral colonies of hexagonaria , percarinata . each hexagon ( very visible in the stone ) held a single animal which opened a mouth exposing its tentacles in order to take in food . the tentacles were also used to sting any organism or other corallite that came too close . calcite , silica and other minerals replaced the original corallite exoskeleton over many millions of years .

each corallite of the hexagonaria is made up of a usually six - sided “compartment” that adjoins the others in the colony and creates an elaborate hexagon . the radiating lines one sees in the petoskey stone are the septa and theca . the septa are the lines of division between each corallite , and the theca are the internal radiating lines . theses patterns of hexagon shapes and radiating lines are what eventually give the petoskey stone its uniqueness among rocks .

the “official state stone” of michigan is the petoskey stone , the local name for rounded pebbles or cobbles of the fossil colonial rugose coral hexagonaria percarinata . petoskey stones have been weathered & eroded from fossiliferous limestones of the traverse group ( middle devonian ) . they are particularly common in the vicinity of little traverse bay & the town of petoskey ( northwestern lower peninsula of michigan ) . beach & lake gravel in this area consist of many lithologies , including fossiliferous limestone clasts and worn fossil corals ( favositids & colonial rugosans ) .

to paleontologists , this coral truly does not become a “petoskey stone” until someone slices and polishes it ( and charges lots of money for it ) . in its natural form , it is really a piece of hexagonaria coral . scattered along the northern lower peninsula shorelines of lakes huron and michigan , this fossil holds natural attraction for people . one can sometimes see this coral , rounded by relentless waves , worn smooth and showing its beautiful internal structure . it is easy to see that rock hounds , jewelry makers and almost everyone would be taken by this striking fossil .

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once removed from the water , however , it quickly dries and loses its bright polished shine . in order to achieve that permanent shine , it is necessary to polish the rock by sanding and grinding it with various grits of sandpaper and abrasives , finally finishing it with a polishing compound in order to bring out the beautiful luster of the stone . then it is a petoskey stone .

corals live in a symbiotic relationship with a variety of marine algae . although these corals had tentacles similar to those of sea anemones and were able to capture food such as plankton and even small fish , the algae provided much of what the corals needed for survival . food such as plankton was captured by tentacles and brought down to the center where the mouth and stomach was located . the algae used a process called photosynthesis to provide additional energy to the coral polyp . in turn , the hard exoskeleton of the coral and stinging tentacles provided protection for the algae . the coral polyp produced waste products that the algae needed for its survival . because sunlight is needed for the algae photosynthesis and sunlight only penetrates the ocean to a certain depth , the corals only grow in shallow waters of 30 to 150 feet .

corals are marine organisms that are made up of many — sometimes thousands — of hard calcium carbonate exoskeletons called corallites . each corallite contains a polyp , or an individual multi - cellular animal . there are two major types of corals found in michigan : solitary corals growing by themselves , and colonial corals growing in a tight community of genetically identical polyps . the polyp is the actual living individual creature that inhabits each corallite . as the coral grows it extends the calcium carbonate exoskeleton and seals off part of the base . corals can reproduce asexually and sexually .

certain corals also reproduce sexually , releasing both sperm and egg into the marine environment . the mixing of the two results in the production of larvae , which then float in the ocean currents . within two days to three weeks , the larvae attach themselves to rocks or other corals on the reef to begin their lives as reef builders .

the name petoskey came from an old odawa indian legend . it is said that a french fur trader named antoine carre came to michigan and traveled extensively in the area now known as petoskey , where he met and married an odawa princess . in time he was adopted by the local odawa tribe and eventually was made their chief . it is further told that in the spring of 1787 , while traveling with his wife on his way from near present - day chicago , he camped near what is now kalamazoo . during the night , his wife gave birth to a son . it is legend that as the morning sun rose , the rays of the sun fell upon the infant’s face , and his father pronounced his name to be petosegay and predicted that he would be an important person . the translation of the odawa “petosegay” means sunbeam , or rising sun or rays of dawn .

petosegay became a fur trader like his father and also became quite wealthy . he owned much land in the petoskey area , and a community was settled on the shores of little traverse bay . the present location of the city of petoskey stands as a tribute to petosegay . because these rounded and water tumbled fossils were found in great abundance on the shores of little traverse bay , they became known as petoskey stones .

the petoskey stone was made the state stone of michigan by legislative action . house bill 2297 was signed by then - gov . george romney in 1965 , thus elevating this fossil to the prestigious position it now holds around the world as something one must seek , find or purchase when visiting michigan .

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a taxonomic genus within the family disphyllidae – fossil corals from the devonian period .

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it’s a fossil coral . why is it called a petoskey stone ? because many of their kind are found abundantly in and around the lake michigan shores near the northern city of petoskey , michigan ( usa ) !

could the remains of a coral which thrived in tropical warm waters possibly find its way to michigan ? because 350 million years ago during the devonian time period much of north america was covered by warm shallow seas . later , the corals were buried under deep layers of sediment . millions of years after that , when the great glaciers retreated , they scraped and dug into those forgotten layers of earth . the glaciers deposited them where we can now enjoy the good fortune of discovering their mysteries .

this is where i share my fossil discoveries enhanced with photographs and illustrations . i also write about them at urltoken along with other subjects including places of interest in my community , gardening , poetry and more . click one of the links below to visit there . all rights reserved © fossillady 2011

the place of nature in the ' ordinary ' spiritual life through meditation using macro photography to illustrate .

we ' re already living in the future . it ' s just not evenly distrbuted yet .

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use this space to describe your geocache location , container , and how it ' s hidden to your reviewer . if you ' ve made changes , tell the reviewer what changes you made . the more they know , the easier it is for them to publish your geocache . this note will not be visible to the public when your geocache is published .

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this area has been covered with blocks of limestone brought here from a nearby quarry . a nice park runs along the shore where these blocks can be found .

you will need a tape measure and a camera to full fill the logging requirements for this earthcache . also bring a bottle of water to wet the fossil as this makes it much easier to see it .

4 . ) post with your log a photo of yourself holding your gps with the breakwater in the background .

a fossil ( from latin fossus , literally " having been dug up " ) is any rocky remains of a past living organism preserved in earth ' s bedrock . the fossilization process typically occurs when a plant or animal ' s remains sinks to the bottom of a body of water . sediments then cover the remains protecting it from scavengers and the elements . this slowed the decaying process of the harder body parts . over time the sediments become rock and water seeped through the rock dissolving the hard body parts . this would leave a hollow cavity that is then filled in by dissolved minerals in the same water that dissolved the hard body parts .

fossilization is an rare occurrence as the majority of most living organisms are soft and these parts decay quickly . due to the combined effect of decomposition and simple mathematical chance , fossilization tends to favor organisms with hard body parts , those that were widespread , and those that existed for a long time before going extinct . on the other hand , it is very unusual to find fossils of small , soft bodied , geographically restricted and geologically ephemeral organisms , because of their relative rarity and low likelihood of preservation .

the rock you are looking for came from a nearby quarry to provide protection of the shoreline . the mine safety rules restrict the access to mines and quarries unless you have proper safety training . it is about 3 ' x 3 ' square and can be easily spotted walking along the rock blocks near the shoreline . this angle favors the best view .

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a genus of ornithopod dinosaur that lived in what is now north america during the late cretaceous period , about 76 . 5 - 73 million years ago

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if you have an interest in local history , why not take it back a few hundred million years ? studying fossils and learning to identify them can be wonderful activities for families and individuals — and you don’t have to journey far to find them .

john oostenryk , assistant curator at augustana college’s fryxall geology musuem , says fossil explorers will find marine and invertebrate fossils in the area from the sirulian and devonian geologic periods and also plant fossils , although they are more frail .

“i am enthusiastic about inspiring kids and adults to investigate their surroundings . most have some inquisitive ‘science’ in themselves , ” says oostenryk . “the critical thinking that goes into getting out of the house and checking into ‘stuff’ is important in so many ways . ”

to find fossils , go anywhere you’d find rocks , such as creeks or rivers or ravines , and look for patterns . the riprap rock used to halt erosion along riverbanks and other areas is often rife with fossil life , too , although it may not be “local . ”

“when i look at a rock , i look for openings , or voids , or patterns and shapes , ” oostenryk says .

plant fossils will have a black coating over the top of the cast , which is actually carbon , and it doesn’t last long in the air , according to oostenryk .

for a surefire way to spot some fossils , head to the devonian fossil gorge at coralville lake in coralville , iowa . in 1993 , raging floodwaters washed out about 15 feet of silt and sand exposing the devonian bedrock below .

this unique window into iowa’s geologic past features fossilized tropical ocean marine life from the seafloor that is approximately 375 million years old . terry escher , natural resource specialist for the u . s . army corps of engineers at coralville lake , explains that it was once south of the equator and covered in warm tropical waters .

at the fossil gorge , visitors can see fossilized marine life including brachiopods , crinoids , favocites , and , of course , coral , including a completely fossilized coral reef home to many other fossilized species .

the fossil gorge includes six huge limestone monoliths with interpretive displays overlooking the gorge . brochures with a map are available to direct visitors through the gorge and aid in identification of species . discovery points are marked with plaques embedded in the rock .

admission is free , and the gorge is open dusk until dawn . visitors should wear comfortable shoes . at the fossil gorge , the policy is “look , touch , but don’t take . ” in fact , there are fines for removing anything from the gorge .

“please leave it so that the people coming out the next week can see it , too , ” escher says . she recommends instead taking photographs of fossils seen in the gorge or located elsewhere .

for help in identifying fossils you’ve located on your own , oostenryk recommends online research . locate a bedrock geologic map for your state through a google search and identify what geologic periods are present on the map in your area .

from there , search for prevalent fossils from those periods , and you’ll find many resources and line drawings online to aid in the identification process . other guides may be found at your local library .

or , get assistance from the fryxall geology museum , during its open season ( which corresponds with the academic year , august through may ) . when the fryxall is not open , oostenryk says other great regional resources for fossil identification and education are the museum of natural history at the university of iowa and the state geologic survey .

you can also join a local rock and fossil club to keep your interest going and your knowledge growing . the blackhawk gem and mineral club , online at urltoken , is based in the quad - cities . oostenryk also recommends the cedar valley rock and minerals society , based in cedar rapids , online at urltoken .

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isichthys henryi is a species of freshwater elephantfish in the family mormyridae and the only member of its genus .

it occurs in coastal river basins in west africa , ranging as far southeast as the kouilou-niari river .

it reaches a length of about 29 cm .

isichthys henryi

isichthys henryi <EOT> mormyrus cobitiformis peters ( = isichthys henryi ) tooxlong river , west africa . syntypes zmb 11891 ( 2 ) .

isichthys henryi is a demersal species . it possesses electroreceptor ' s over the entire head , the dorsal region and some parts of the ventral region ; absent from the side and the caudal peduncle where the electric organ is located . the electric organ discharge ( eod ) rates are of low frequency and sexually dimorphic as to waveform ( møller 1995 ) .

central africa assessment : isichthys henryi is distributed throughout lower guinea , including the cross river of nigeria / cameroon ( kadem toham and teugels 1998 ) , the sanaga , the kribi , the ntem , the ogowe , the ivindo , the coastal streams around mayumba , and in the coastal drainages in congo - brazzaville , including the kouilou . elsewhere it is known from the coastal rivers of guinea , sierra - leone , liberia , and from the niger .

this species is known from guinea , sierra leone and liberia , and then from nigeria to the democratic republic of congo . central africa : isichthys henryi is distributed throughout lower guinea , including the cross river of nigeria / cameroon ( kadem toham and teugels 1998 ) , the sanaga , the kribi , the ntem , the ogowe , the ivindo , the coastal streams around mayumba , and in the coastal drainages in congo , including the kouilou . western africa : it is found in west africa from the coastal basins of guinea , sierra leone and liberia , and from ogun as well as from coastal reaches of rivers in western nigeria and the lower niger .

greek , isos = equal + greek , ichthys = fish ( ref . 45335 )

freshwater ; demersal ; ph range : 5 . 0 - ? . tropical ; 22°c - 24°c ( ref . 12468 )

africa : coastal basins of guinea , sierra leone and liberia ( ref . 81274 ) and the niger basin through cameroon and gabon to the kouilou river basin ( ref . 81635 ) .

maturity : l m ? range ? - ? cm max length : 28 . 7 cm sl male / unsexed ; ( ref . 2915 )

possesses electroreceptors over the entire head , the dorsal region and some parts of the ventral region ; absent from the side and the caudal peduncle where the electric organ is located . electric organ discharge ( eod ) rates are of low frequency and sexually dimorphic as to waveform ( ref . 10011 ) .

bigorne , r . , 1990 . mormyridae . p . 122 - 184 . in c . lévêque , d . paugy and g . g . teugels ( eds . ) faune des poissons d ' eaux saumâtres d ' afrique de l ' ouest . tome 1 . faune trop . 28 . musée royal de l ' afrique centrale , tervuren , and orstom , paris . ( ref . 2915 )

phylogenetic diversity index ( ref . 82805 ) : pd 50 = 1 . 0000 [ uniqueness , from 0 . 5 = low to 2 . 0 = high ] .

bayesian length - weight : a = 0 . 00851 ( 0 . 00471 - 0 . 01537 ) , b = 2 . 68 ( 2 . 52 - 2 . 84 ) , in cm total length , based on lwr estimates for this species & ( sub ) family - body ( ref . 93245 ) .

trophic level ( ref . 69278 ) : 3 . 2 ±0 . 3 se ; based on size and trophs of closest relatives

resilience ( ref . 69278 ) : high , minimum population doubling time less than 15 months ( preliminary k or fecundity . ) .

vulnerability ( ref . 59153 ) : low to moderate vulnerability ( 32 of 100 ) .

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snoeks , j . , tweddle , d . , getahun , a . , lalèyè , p . , paugy , d . , zaiss , r . , fishar , m . r . a & brooks , e .

justification : this species has a wide distribution , with no known major widespread threats . it is therefore listed as least concern . it has also been assessed regionally as least concern for central and western africa .

this species is harvested for human consumption , as well as the aquarium trade .

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snoeks , j . , brummett , r . , nicanor , a . , dening touokong , c . , reid , g . m . , stiassny , m . , mamonekene , v . , ndodet , b . , ifuta , s . n . b . , chilala , a . , monsembula , r . , ibala zamba , a . , opoye itoua , o . , pouomogne , v . , darwall , w . , smith , k . & allen , d .

justification : the species is widespread within the central africa assessment region and is assessed as least concern .

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disclaimer : itis taxonomy is based on the latest scientific consensus available , and is provided as a general reference source for interested parties . however , it is not a legal authority for statutory or regulatory purposes . while every effort has been made to provide the most reliable and up - to - date information available , ultimate legal requirements with respect to species are contained in provisions of treaties to which the united states is a party , wildlife statutes , regulations , and any applicable notices that have been published in the federal register . for further information on u . s . legal requirements with respect to protected taxa , please contact the u . s . fish and wildlife service .

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gill , t . n . 1863 . description of a new generic type of mormyroids and note on the arrangement of the genus . proceedings of the academy of natural sciences of philadelphia 14 ( 9 ) : 443 - 445 .

bigorne , r . ( 1990 ) mormyridae . : p . 122 - 184 . in c . lévêque , d . paugy and g . g . teugels ( eds . ) faune des poissons d ' eaux saumâtres d ' afrique de l ' ouest . tome 1 . faune trop . 28 . musée royal de l ' afrique centrale , tervuren , and orstom , paris .

castelo , r . ( 1994 ) biogeographical considerations of fish diversity in bioko . : biodiversity and conservation 3 : 808 - 827 .

chinese academy of fishery sciences ( 2003 ) chinese aquatic germplasm resources database . : urltoken

daget , j . , j . - p . gosse , and d . f . e . thys van den audenaerde , eds . , 1984 : null . check - list of freshwater fishes of africa . vol . 1 . 410 .

eschmeyer , william n . , ed . , 1998 : catalog of fishes . special publication of the center for biodiversity research and information , no . 1 , vol 1 - 3 . 2905 .

froese , r . & d . pauly ( editors ) . ( 2018 ) . fishbase . world wide web electronic publication .

hanel , l . and j . novák ( 2001 ) české názvy zivočichů v . ryby a rybovití obratlovci ( pisces ) ii . , nozdratí ( sarcopterygii ) , paprskoploutví ( actinopterygii ) [ chrupavčití ( chondrostei ) , kostnatí ( neopterygii ) : kostlíni ( semionotiformes ) - bezostní ( clupeiformes ) ] . : národní muzeum ( zoologické odděleí ) , praha .

iscandari , n . ( 1977 ) a list of the freshwater fishes and some shrimps of sierra leone with their vernacular names in mende , temne and limba . : bull . inst . mar . biol . oceanogr . , fourah bay coll . , univ . sierra leone , 2 ( 1 ) : 54 - 56 .

kamara , a . b . ( 1977 ) a list of the estuarine and marine fishes and some shellfishes of sierra leone , with their common names in either krio or english . : bull . inst . mar . biol . oceanogr . , fourah bay coll . , univ . sierra leone , 2 ( 1 ) : 47 - 53 .

varjo , m . , l . koli and h . dahlström ( 2004 ) kalannimiluettelo ( versio 10 / 03 ) . : suomen biologian seura vanamo ry .

wu , h . l . , k . - t . shao and c . f . lai ( eds . ) ( 1999 ) latin - chinese dictionary of fishes names . : the sueichan press , taiwan . 1028 p .

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description of a new generic type of mormyroids and note on the arrangement of the genus p . 444 .

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eupithecia tenuiscripta is a moth in the family geometridae .

it is found in new guinea .

the wingspan is about 19 mm .

the forewings are brownish fuscous tinged with greenish .

the hindwings are pale grey , with traces of darker grey curved lines .

eupithecia tenuiscripta

eupithecia tenuiscripta <EOT> vad betyder eupithecia ? här finner du 2 definitioner av eupithecia . du kan även lägga till betydelsen av eupithecia själv

eupithecia är ett släkte av fjärilar som beskrevs av curtis 1825 . eupithecia ingår i familjen mätare .

eupithecia lavicaria fuchs , 1902 ( syn : eupithecia lavicata prout , 1914 ) , described from norway .

ash pug ( angle - barred pug ) ( eupithecia innotata f . fraxinata )

eupithecia is a large genus of moths of the family geometridae . there are hundreds of described species , found in all parts of the world ( 45 in the british isles alone ) , and new species are discovered on a regular basis .

eupithecia species form the bulk of the group commonly known as pugs . they are generally small with muted colours and specific identification can be difficult . as a group they are easily identified by their narrow wings held flat at 90° to the body with the hindwings almost hidden behind the forewings .

the larvae of many species feed on the flowers and seeds of their food plants rather than the foliage . many species have a very specific food plant . some hawaiian eupithecia are predators of other insects ( e . orichloris , e . staurophragma , e . scoriodes ) . they mimic twigs but when sensitive hairs on their backs are triggered , they quickly grab the insects touching them . the defensive behavior of snapping may have pre - adapted hawaii ' s ancestral eupithecia for shifting to predation from feeding on pollen . also , insect predators that behave in this way are lacking in hawaii ' s fauna .

eupithecia - species dictionary - global : ispot nature - your place to share nature . ispot is a website aimed at helping anyone identify anything in nature . once you ' ve registered , you can add an observation to the website and suggest an identification yourself or see if anyone else can identify it for you .

a taxon identifier is composed of name , author , year and attribute , all separated by a blank . these are all extracted from the original publication .

the name is reproduced exactly as proposed in the original publication . the name of a genus is made up of one word and species made up of two words ( genus and species ) separated by a blank .

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all diacritic marks , hyphens , and apostrophes are eliminated , thus only the following characters are used : a to z , a to z , 0 to 9 , blank , comma , and opening and closing square brackets . although upper and lower cases are used for the convenience of human recognition , it is not case sensitive .

created by dicky sick ki yu 1997 - 2012 please send me information about errors and omissions ( contact information ) with supporting references , possibly with pdf or hard copy .

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to date 683 species of macro - moth along with 1159 species of micro - moth have been recorded in norfolk since records began in victorian times . this site aims to provide full details of all the species that occur ( or once occurred ) in norfolk , with photographs , descriptions , flight graphs , latest records , distribution maps and more !

if you have photos of any moths featured on this site , and would like them displayed along with your name and comments . . . please send them in ( any size . jpg images ) .

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underlying maps using digital map data © norfolk online lepidoptera archive - nola™ 2018 . © james wheeler - n o r f o l k m o t h s 2007 - 2018 . data © nola™ 2018

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chinery , michael ( 1986 ) . collins guide to the insects of britain and western europe ( reprinted 1991 ) .

skinner , bernard ( 1984 ) . colour identification guide to moths of the british isles .

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holotype ♂ , genitalia slide mey 63 / 09♂ , lacking head and right forewing ( see mey 2011 : 195 ) , samc .

holotype ♀ , samc ( dissected by slide not found , see kallies 2016 : 30 ) .

lectotype ♂ , genitalia slide gozmány 10352♂ , designated by gozmány , bmnh ; paralectotypes 3♀ , genitalia slide gozmány 10238♀ , samc , bmnh .

holotype ♂ , genitalia slide koster 7486♂ , rmnh ; paratypes 23♂ , 3♀ , genitalia slides koster 8017♂ , 7262♀ , 7263 , 7692♂ , 8022♂ , tmsa , samc , rmnh .

holotype ♀ , genitalia slide bassi 3439♀ , tmsa ; paratypes 3♂ , 2♀ , genitalia slides bassi 3381 , 3445 , 3618 , 3930 , pyralidae 16425 , tmsa , samc , bmnh .

holotype ♂ , tmsa ; paratypes 19♂ , 24♀ , genitalia slides bassi 3578♂ , 3771♂ , 3753♀ , 5193 , 5210 , tmsa , samc , zmhb , coll . kroon , bassi .

holotype ♂ , tmsa ; paratypes 14♂ , 17♀ , genitalia slides bmnh pyralidae 21453 , 21454 , tmsa , samc , zmhb , bmnh .

lectotype ♂ , designated as holotype by janse ( 1968 : 62 ) , genitalia slide 150♂ , samc ; paralectotypes 6♂ , samc , bmnh .

paralectotype ♂ , designated as holotype by janse ( 1968 : 62 ) , samc ; paralectotype 1♂ , samc .

lectotype ♂ , designated as holotype by janse ( 1968 : 64 ) , genitalia slide 154♂ , wing slide 40 , samc ; paralectotypes 3♂ , samc , bmnh .

lectotype ♂ , designated by gozmány & vári ( 1973 : 187 ) , genitalia slide vári 192♂ , wing slide 44 , samc ; paralectotype 1♂ , genitalia slide gozmány 10301 , bmnh [ in original description 3 specimens cited ] .

lectotype ♂ , designated as holotype by janse ( 1968 : 89 ) , genitalia slide janse 189♂ , wing slide 29 , samc ; paralectotypes 3♂ , samc , bmnh .

lectotype ♂ , abdomen missing , designated by janse ( 1968 : 89 ) , genitalia slide 3214♂ , wing slide 3403 , samc ; paralectotype 1♂ , genitalia slide gozmány 10235♂ , bmnh .

lectotype ♂ , designated by gozmány & vári ( 1973 : 187 ) , genitalia slide vári 143♂ , samc ; paralectotype 1♂ , genitalia slide gozmány 10151♂ , bmnh [ in the original description 4 specimens were mentioned ] .

lectotype ♂ , designated by gozmány & vári ( 1973 : 187 ) , genitalia slide gozmány 10152 , bmnh ; paralectotype 1♂ , genitalia slide gozmány 10151 , samc .

lectotype ♀ , designated by gozmány & vári ( 1973 : 187 ) , genitalia slide vári 190♀ , samc ; paralectotype 1♀ , genitalia slide gozmány 10236♀ , bmnh .

lectotype ♂ , designated by gozmány & vári ( 1973 : 188 ) , genitalia slide vári 144♂ , samc ; paralectotypes 6♂ , genitalia slide vári 208♂ , samc , gozmány 10150♂ , bmnh .

lectotype ♂ , designated by gozmány & vári ( 1973 : 188 ) , genitalia slide vári 146♂ , wing slide 13 , samc ; 3 paralectotypes ♂ , ♀ , genitalia slide gozmány 10237 , bmnh .

lectotype ♂ , designated as holotype by janse ( 1968 : 109 ) , genitalia slide vári 194♂ , wing slide 46 , samc ; paralectotype ♂ , genitalia slide gozmány 10300♂ , bmnh .

holotype ♀ ( not ♂ as mentioned in the original description , see janse 1950 : 114 ) , samc .

holotype ♂ , samc ; 3 paratypes ♂ , ♀ , samc , bmnh .

holotype , abdomen missing ( see janse 1960 : 170 ) , samc ; paratypes 1♂ , 1♀ , samc .

holotype ♂ , samc ; paratypes 3♂ , bmnh , not traced ( see krüger 2001a : 235 ) .

holotype ♂ , samc ; paratypes ( number not stated , see krüger 2001a : 136 ) , genitalia slide 1395 , 10881 , tmsa , bmnh .

holotype ♂ , genitalia slide 34 - 08 , samc ; paratypes 2♂ , genitalia slide 14238 , tmsa .

holotype ♂ , genitalia slide 9732 , tmsa ; paratypes 1♂ and 6♀ , genitalia slides 9733 , 9734 , tmsa , samc .

holotype ♂ , samc [ not found , krüger 2002 : 44 ] ; paratype ♂ , genitalia slide 1386 , tmsa .

holotype ♀ , samc ( probably lost , see krüger 2002 : 78 ) .

holotype ♀ , not ♂ as stated in the orginal description ( see janse 1933 : 45 ) , samc .

holotype ♂ , genitalia slide 10401♂ , type no 7898 , tmsa ; paratypes 2♀ , genitalia slide 10402♀ , type no 7899 , tmsa , samc .

holotype ♀ , genitalia slide 31b6 , 217 , samc ; paratypes 1♂ , 1♀ , bmnh .

holotype ♂ , genitalia slide 31b8♂ , samc ; paratype 1♂ , samc or bmnh ( see krüger 1998a : 336 ) .

holotype ♂ , genitalia slide 850♂ , type no 7981 , tmsa ; paratypes 6♂ , 11♀ , genitalia slides sam 31b7 , 9685 , 10408 , 11296 , tmsa , samc .

holotype ♀ , genitalia slide 10443♀ , type no 7900 , tmsa ; paratypes 2♂ , 1♀ , genitalia slide sam 31b4 , tmsa , samc .

holotype ♂ , abdomen eaten ( see janse 1933 : 107 ) , samc ; paratypes ♂ , bmnh .

lectotype ♀ , designated by krüger ( 2001a : 96 ) , samc ; paralectotype 1♀ , samc .

holotype ♂ , abdomen lost ( see krüger 2001a : 58 ) , samc .

holotype ♂ , abdomen missing ( see janse 1933–1935 : 309 ) , samc .

holotype ♂ , samc ; paratypes ♂ , ♀ , samc , bmnh , tmsa .

holotype ♂ , samc , not found ( see janse 1933–1935 : 263 ) .

holotype ♂ , genitalia slide sam109♂ , samc ; metallotype ♀ , genitalia slide g7646♀ , tmsa .

holotype ♂ , genitalia slide sam127♂ , samc ; metallotype ♀ , genitalia slide g7297♀ , tmsa .

holotype ♂ , genitalia slide sam106♂ , samc ; metallotype ♀ , genitalia slide g7190♀ , tmsa .

holotype ♀ [ not ♂ as stated in original description ] , genitalia slide sam108♀ , samc .

lectotype ♂ , designated by janse ( 1942 : 26 ) , genitalia slide bmnh 20477♂ , bmnh ; paralectotype 1♂ , samc .

holotype ♂ , much worn ( see warren 1914 : 508 , janse 1942 : 40 ) , samc .

syntypes 1♂ , 1♀ , samc ( not found , see zolotuhin & gurkovich 2009a : 36 ) .

lectotype ♂ , in bad condition , destroyed by museum beetle ( see janse 1948 : 174 , scoble 1978b : 110 ) , samc ; paralectotype 1♂ , destroyed ( see scoble 1978b : 110 ) .

holotype ♂ , samc ; allotype ♀ , tmsa ; paratypes 1♂ , 5♀ , tmsa .

holotype ♂ , samc ; allotype ♀ , samc ; paratypes 1♂ , 1♀ , genitalia slide 5353♂ , tmsa .

holotype ♂ , type no 1658 , genitalia slide 11191♂ , tmsa ( see kiriakoff 1964b : 214 ) ; paratype 1♂ , samc .

holotype ♂ , type no 1690 , genitalia slide 2394♂ , tmsa ( see kiriakoff 1964b : 220 ) ; allotype ♀ , type no 1691 , tmsa ; paratypes ♂ , ♀ [ number not stated ] , tmsa , samc .

holotype ♂ , samc ; paratype ♀ , genitalia slide 1664♀ , tmsa ( see kiriakoff 1964b : 215 ) .

lectotype ♂ , designated by janse ( 1942 : 74 ) , samc ; paralectotypes 4♂ , bmnh .

holotype ♂ , usnm ; paratypes 8♂ , genitalia slide usnm 20954♂ , usnm , anic , samc , tmsa .

lectotype ♂ , designated as holotype by vári ( 1962 ) , samc ; paralectotypes 4♂ , samc , bmnh .

lectotype ♂ , designated as type by janse ( 1942 : 72 ) , samc ; paralectotype 1♂ , genitalia slide bmnh 2210 , bmnh .

lectotype ♂ , designated as holotype by janse ( 1968 : 28 ) , genitalia slide vári 176♂ , wing slide 43 , samc ; paralectotype 1♂ , bmnh .

lectotype ♂ , designated by gozmány & vári ( 1973 : 188 ) , genitalia slide vári 178♂ , wing slide 37 , samc ; paralectotype 1♂ , bmnh .

lectotype ♂ , designated as holotype by janse ( 1968 : 74 ) , genitalia slide 163♂ , wing slide 32 , samc ; paralectotypes 1♂ , 1♀ , genitalia slide 164♀ , samc , bmnh .

lectotype ♂ , disgnated as holotype by janse ( 1968 : 60 ) , genitalia slide vári 142♂ , wing slide 18 , samc ; paralectotype 1♂ , genitalia slide gozmány 10241♂ , bmnh .

lectotype ♂ , designated as holotype by janse ( 1968 : 82 ) , genitalia slide janse 166♂ , wing slide 27 , samc ; paralectotypes 3♂ , samc , bmnh .

lectotype ♂ , designated by gozmány & vári ( 1973 : 188 ) , genitalia slide vári 188♂ , wing slide 21 , samc ; paralectotype 1♂ , bmnh .

lectotype ♂ , designated as holotype by janse ( 1968 : 87 ) , genitalia slide janse 168♂ , wing slide 22 , samc ; paralectotypes 3♂ , samc , bmnh .

lectotype ♂ , designated as holotype by janse ( 1968 : 47 ) , genitalia slide janse 147♂ , wing slide 8 , samc ; paralectotype 1♂ , bmnh .

lectotype ♂ , designated by gozmány & vári ( 1973 : 189 ) , genitalia slide vári 145♂ , samc ; paralectotypes 2♂ , samc , bmnh .

holotype ♂ , genitalia slide janse 152♂ , samc ; paratypes 1♂ , 1♀ , genitalia slide janse 153♂ , samc , bmnh .

holotype ♂ , genitalia slide 151♂ , wing slide 39 , samc ; paratype 1♂ , samc .

lectotype ♂ , designated as holotype by janse ( 1968 : 66 ) , genitalia slide janse 156♂ , wing slide 41 , samc ; paralectotypes 2♂ , samc , bmnh .

lectotype ♂ , designated as holotype by janse ( 1968 : 67 ) , genitalia slide janse 157♂ , samc ; paralectotype 1♂ , samc .

lectotype ♀ , designated as holotype by janse ( 1968 : 69 ) , genitalia slide janse 159♀ , samc ; paralectotype 1♀ , bmnh .

lectotype ♂ , designated as holotype by janse ( 1968 : 70 ) , genitalia slide janse 161♂ , wing slide 42 , samc ; paralectotype 1♂ , bmnh .

lectotype ♂ , designated as holotype by janse ( 1968 : 81 ) , genitalia slide janse 162♂ , samc ; paralectotypes 4♂ , samc , bmnh .

holotype ♂ , abdomen missing , samc ( see mey 2011 : 191 ) .

holotype ♂ , genitalia slide 22886 , bmnh ; paratypes 6♂ , 3♀ , genitalia slides 22887 , 16016 , 16017 , bmnh , tmsa , samc , coll . kovtunovich , ustjuzhanin .

lectotype ♂ , genitalia slide 17065 , bmnh ; paralectotypes 2♂ , samc , bmnh .

syntypes 1♂ , 1♀ , in bad condition ( see meyrick , 1912c : 53 ) , samc .

holotype ♂ , tmsa ; allotype ♀ , tmsa ; paratypes 42♂ , 36♀ , tmsa , bmnh , samc , mnhn , usnm , sanc , nmb .

lectotype ♂ , designated by bengtsson ( 2014 : 67 ) , genitalia slide bengtsson 1472x♂ , samc ; paralectotype 1♂ , samc .

holotype ♂ , abdomen missing ( see bengtsson 2014 : 197 ) , samc .

lectotype ♂ , designated by bengtsson ( 2014 : 203 ) , genitalia slide bengtsson 1496x♂ , samc ; 3 paralectotypes ♂ , ♀ , samc , bmnh .

holotype ♂ ( not ♀ as stated in the original description ) , genitalia slide bengtsson 1476x♂ , samc .

lectotype ♂ , designated by bengtsson ( 2014 : 143 ) , genitalia slide bengtsson 1474x♂ , samc ; 3 paralectotypes ♂ , ♀ , samc , bmnh .

holotype ♂ , smns ; paratypes 71♂ , 32♀ , genitalia slides bartsch 2010 - 14♂ , 2011 - 15♂ , smns , tmsa , samc , coll . riefenstahl .

holotype ♂ , tmsa ; paratypes 5♂ , 2♀ , genitalia slides som 018 , som 019♂ , wing venation slide som 034 , tmsa , samc , sans , bmnh .

holotype ♂ , tmsa ; paratypes 4♂ , 2♀ , genitalia slides janse 1223♂ , 1369♂ , glyc 008♀ , tmsa , samc .

holotype ♂ , tmsa ; paratypes 62♂ , tmsa , samc , sanc , bmnh , usnm , mnhn , rmca , deus .

lectotype ♂ , genitalia slide vári 205♂ , wing slide 2 , designated by gozmány & vári ( 1973 : 135 ) , samc ; paralectotypes 2♂ , genitalia slide bradley 4672♂ , bmnh , samc [ in the original description 5♂ were mentioned ] . .

lectotype ♂ , designated a sholotype by janse ( 1968 : 37 ) , genitalia slide vári 141♂ , samc ; paralectotype 1♀ , genitalia slide gozmány 10230♀ , bmnh .

lectotype ♂ , designated a sholotype by janse ( 1968 : 27 ) , genitalia slide vári 139♂ , wing slide 56 , samc ; paralectotypes 2♂ , genitalia slide gozmány 10156♂ , bmnh .

lectotype ♂ , designated as holotype by janse ( 1968 : 43 ) , genitalia slide vári 180♂ , wing slide 12 , samc ; paralectotypes 5♂ , genitalia slide gozmány 10297♂ , samc , bmnh .

holotype ♂ , abdomen missing ( see janse 1968 : 81 ) , samc .

lectotype , worn , designated as holotype by janse ( 1968 : 48 ) , wing slide 14 , samc ; paralectotype , samc ; the second paralectotype could not be found in the meyrick collection , bmnh ( see gozmány & vári 1973 : 181 ) .

lectotype ♂ , type no . 4714 , designated as holotype by janse ( 1968 : 98 ) , genitalia slide vári 8124♂ , wing slide 3481 , tmsa ; paralectotype ♂ , type no . 4715 , wing slide 3406 , samc .

lectotype ♂ , designated as holotype by janse ( 1968 : 51 ) , genitala slide vári 183♂ , samc ; paralectotypes 1♂ , 1♀ , genitalia slide gozmány 10204 , bmnh .

lectotype ♂ , designated as holotype by janse ( 1968 : 52 ) , genitalia slide vári 140♂ , wing slide 15 , samc ; paralectotypes 3♂ , samc , bmnh .

lectotype ♂ , designated as holotype by janse ( 1968 : 29 ) , genitalia slide vári 177♂ , wing slide 4 , samc ; paralectotypes 4♂ , genitalia slide gozmány 10161♂ , samc , bmnh .

lectotype ♂ , designated as holotype by janse ( 1968 : 55 ) , genitalia slide vári 184♂ , wing slide 17 , samc ; paralectotype ♂ , genitalia slide gozmány 10233♂ , bmnh .

holotype ♀ , abdomen missing ( see janse 1968 : 80 ) , samc .

holotype ♂ , abdomen missing ( see janse 1968 : 80 ) , samc .

lectotype ♂ , designated as holotype by janse ( 1968 : 83 ) , genitalia slide vári 167♂ , wing slide 10 , samc ; paralectotype 1♂ , genitalia slide gozmány 10260♂ , bmnh .

lectotype ♂ , designated as holotype by janse ( 1968 : 84 ) , genitalia slide vári 120♂ , wing slide 19 , samc ; paralectotype 1♂ , samc .

lectotype ♂ , designated as holotype by janse ( 1968 : 86 ) , genitalia slide vári 187♂ , wing slide 20 , samc ; paralectotype 1♂ , genitalia slide gozmány 10231♂ , bmnh .

holotype ♀ , abdomen missing ( see janse 1968 : 84 ) , wing slide 28 , samc .

lectotype ♂ , designated as holotype by janse ( 1968 : 91 ) , genitalia slide vári 191♂ , wing slide 23 , samc ; paralectotype ♂ , genitalia slide gozmány 10239♂ , bmnh .

lectotype ♀ , designated as holotype by janse ( 1968 : 107 ) , genitalia slide vári 193♂ , wing slide 45 , samc ; paralectotypes 3♀ , genitalia slide gozmány 10268♀ , samc , bmnh .

lectotype ♂ , designated as holotype by janse ( 1968 : 119 ) , genitalia slide vári 200♂ , wing slide 53 , samc ; paralectotype ♀ , could not be located ( gozmány & vári 1973 : 55 ) .

lectotype ♂ , designated as holotype by janse ( 1968 : 93 ) , abdomen missing , samc ; paralectotypes 2♂ , genitalia slide gozmány 10242♂ , wing slide 30 , samc , bmnh .

lectotype ♂ , designated as holotype by janse ( 1968 : 94 ) , genitalia slide vári 170♂ , wing slide 35 , samc ; 11 paralectotypes ♂ , ♀ , samc , bmnh .

lectotype ♂ , designated as holotype by janse ( 1968 : 117 ) , genitalia slide vári 203♂ , wing slide 51 , samc ; paralectotypes 2♂ , samc , bmnh .

holotype ♂ , abdomen missing ( see janse 1968 : 118 ) , wing slide 52 , samc .

lectotype ♂ , genitalia slide vári 174♂ , wing slide 3 , samc ; paralectotype 1♂ , genitalia slide gozmány 10155♂ , bmnh .

lectotype ♂ , designated as holotype by janse ( 1968 : 118 ) , genitalia slide vári 207♂ , samc ; paralectotypes 3♂ , genitalia slides gozmány 10173♂ , 10174♂ , wing slide 31 , samc , bmnh .

holotype ♂ , genitalia slide 7187 , samc ; paratypes 18 ( ♂ and ♀ ) , samc .

holotype ♀ , genitalia slide 146 , samc ; paratype 1♀ , not dissected , 1♂ , genitalia slide 147 , samc .

holotype ♂ , type sam - lep - a017189 , abdomen missing ( see razowski & krüger 2013 : 222 ) , samc .

lectotype ♀ , type sam - lep - a016921 , designated by razowski & krüger ( 2013 : 215 ) , genitalia slide 241♀ , samc ; paralectotype 1♀ , samc ( see razowski & krüger 2013 : 215 ) .

lectotype ♀ , designated by razowski & krüger ( 2013 : 218 ) , genitalia slide 259♀ , samc ; paralectotype 1♀ , abdomen missing , samc ; 6 paralectotypes ♂ , ♀ , of which 4 in bmnh , 2 remaining not found ( see razowski & krüger ( 2013 : 219 ) .

lectotype ♂ , type sam - lep - a016858 , designated by razowski & krüger ( 2013 : 215 ) , genitalia slide 243♂ , samc ; paralectotype 1♂ , bmnh .

holotype ♂ , type sam - lep - a016976 , genitalia slide 242♂ , samc .

lectotype ♂ , type sam - lep - a016981 , designated by razowski & krüger ( 2013 : 220 ) , abdomen damaged , samc ; paralectotypes 3♀ , samc ( see razowski & krüger 2013 : 220 ) .

lectotype ♂ , type sam - lep a017199 , designated by razowski & krüger ( 2013 : 221 ) , genitalia slide 2857 , samc ; paralectotype 1♂ , samc , not found ( razowski & krüger 2013 : 221 ) ; neallotype ♀ , genitalia slide 3022♀ , bmnh ( see diakonoff 1959a : 41 ) .

lectotype ♀ ( not ♂ as stated in the original description ) , type sam - lep - a017400 , designated by razowski & krüger ( 2013 : 223 ) , genitalia slide 244♀ , samc ; paralectotypes 5♀ , samc , bmnh ( see razowski & krüger 2013 : 223 ) .

holotype ♂ , type sam - lep - a016891 , genitalia slide 262♂ , samc .

lectotype ♀ , type sam - lep - a017025 , designated by razowski & krüger ( 2013 : 221 ) , abdomen missing , samc ; paralectotype 1♀ , samc , not found ( razowski & krüger 2013 : 222 ) .

lectotype ♂ , type sam - lep - a017065 , designated by razowski & krüger ( 2013 : 221 ) , genitalia slide 240♂ , samc ; paralectotypes 1♂ , 1♀ , samc , bmnh ( razowski & krüger 2013 : 221 ) .

lectotype ♀ , type sam - lep - a016856 , designated by razowski & krüger ( 2013 : 216 ) , abdomen missing , samc ; paralectotype 1♀ , samc , not found ( razowski & krüger 2013 : 216 ) .

holotype ♂ , type sam - lep - a016937 , genitalia slide 245♂ , samc ; paratype 1♂ , abdomen missing ( see razowski & krüger 2013 : 216 ) , bmnh .

holotype ♂ , type sam - lep - a016870 , designated by razowski & krüger ( 2013 : 217 ) , abdomen missing , samc ; paralectotypes 2♀ , samc , not found ( razowski & krüger 2013 : 217 ) .

holotype ♂ , type sam - lep - a016938 , genitalia slide 247♂ , samc .

lectotype ♂ , type sam - lep - a016956 , designated by razowski & krüger ( 2013 : 216 ) , genitalia slide 264♂ , samc ; paralectotypes 2♂ , samc , not found ( razowski & krüger 2013 : 216 ) .

holotype ♂ , type sam - lep - a016939 , genitalia slide 248♂ , samc ; paratype 1♂ , bmnh .

holotype ♂ , type sam - lep - a016943 , genitalia slide 249♂ , samc ; paratypes 2♀ , bmnh ; a ♀ labeled as paratype in samc ( see razowski & krüger 2013 : 216–217 ) .

holotype ♂ , type sam - lep - a017097 , abdomen missing , samc .

lectotype ♂ ( not ♀ as stated in the original description ) , type sam - lep - a017112 , designated by razowski & krüger ( 2013 : 223 ) , genitalia slide 253♂ , samc ; paralectotypes 2♂ ( not 1 as stated in the orig . description , see razowski & krüger 2013 : 224 ) , samc .

lectotype ♂ , type sam - lep - a017117 , designated by razowski & krüger ( 2013 : 224 ) , abdomen missing , samc ; paralectotypes 2♂ , not dissected , bmnh , 1♂ samc not found ( see razowski & krüger 2013 : 224 ) .

holotype ♂ , type sam - lep - a017136 , genitalia slide 254♂ , samc .

lectotype ♂ , type sam - lep - a017138 , designated by razowski & krüger ( 2013 : 224 ) , samc ; paralectotypes 1♀ , abdomen missing , samc ; 1 specimen , undissected , bmnh ( see razowski & krüger 2013 : 224 ) .

lectotype ♂ , type sam - lep - 017063 , designated by razowski & krüger ( 2013 : 222 ) , abdomen missing , samc ; paratype 1♀ , bmnh .

holotype ♂ , genitalia slide a9 , samc ; paratypes 3♂ and 1♀ and 1 specimen , isea .

lectotype ♂ , type sam - lep - a016903 , designated by razowski & krüger ( 2013 : 214 ) , genitalia slide 257♂ , samc ; paralectotype 1♂ , samc , not found ( razowski & krüger 2013 : 215 ) .

lectotype ♂ , type sam - lep - a017156 , designated by razowski & krüger ( 2013 : 225 ) , genitalia slide 255♂ , samc ; 1 paralectotype , bmnh ; 1 paralectotype , samc , not found ( razowski & krüger 2013 : 225 ) .

holotype ♂ , type sam - lep - a017168 , genitalia slide 256♂ , samc .

holotype ♂ , type sam - lep - a016877 , genitalia slide 260♂ , samc .

holotype ♂ , type sam - lep - a016890 , genitalia slide 261♂ , samc .

holotype ♀ , type sam - lep - a016841 , genitalia slide 246♀ , samc .

lectotype ♂ , designated by razowski & krüger ( 2013 : 223 ) , genitalia slide 4632♂ , samc ; paralectotypes 1♂ , 1♀ , bmnh ( see razowski & krüger 2013 : 223 ) .

lectotype ♀ , type sam - lep - a016989 , designated by razowski & krüger ( 2013 : 219 ) , samc ; 3 paralectotypes ♂ , ♀ , samc , not found ( razowski & krüger 2013 : 219 ) .

lectotype ♂ , type sam - lep - a016986 , designated by razowski & krüger ( 2013 : 219 ) , genitalia slide 251♂ , samc ; 3 paralectotypes 2♂ , bmnh , samc ; 1♀ , not found ( razowski & krüger 2013 : 219 ) .

holotype ♂ , genitalia slide 141 , samc ; paratype 1♂ , not dissected , samc .

lectotype ♀ , type sam - lep - a017143 , designated by razowski & krüger ( 2013 : 225 ) , genitalia slide 258♀ , samc ; paralectotype 1♀ , bmnh ( see razowski & krüger 2013 : 225 ) .

holotype ♂ , genitalia slide diakonoff 3008 , samc ; allotype ♀ , genitalia slide diakonoff 3009 , samc . paratypes 2♀ , samc .

3 syntypes ( gender not stated ) , type sam - lep - a016836 , samc ( see razowski & krüger 2013 : 220 ) .

4 syntypes ♂ , ♀ , samc , bmnh ; not found ( see gershenson & ulenberg 1998 : 92 ) .

holotype ♀ , samc ; not found ( see gershenson & ulenberg 1998 : 107 ) .

holotype ♀ , bmnh , not retrieved ( see lewis & sohn 2015 : 121 ) ; ♂ , samc ( see mey 2015b : 94 ) .


the deep-dwelling moray ( gymnothorax bathyphilus ) is a deepwater moray eel found in the south pacific ocean , around easter island .

it reaches a maximum length of about 76 cm .

the type specimen was taken at a depth of 250 m.

deep - dwelling moray

deep - dwelling moray <EOT> have a fact about deep - dwelling moray ? write it here to share it with the entire community .

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greek , gymnos = naked + greek , thorax , - akos = breast ( ref . 45335 )

southeast pacific : easter i . and desventuradas is . ( ref . 89357 ) .

maturity : l m ? range ? - ? cm max length : 76 . 4 cm tl male / unsexed ; ( ref . 28618 )

light yellowish - gray background with irregularly - placed roundish dark blotches . visible , small black dots of lateral line pores around and behind head .

type specimen taken from a depth of 250 m ( ref . 33021 ) .

pequeño , g . , 1989 . peces de chile . lista sistematica revisada y comentada . rev . biol . mar . , valparaiso 24 ( 2 ) : 1 - 132 . ( ref . 9068 )

phylogenetic diversity index ( ref . 82805 ) : pd 50 = 0 . 5000 [ uniqueness , from 0 . 5 = low to 2 . 0 = high ] .

bayesian length - weight : a = 0 . 00095 ( 0 . 00046 - 0 . 00197 ) , b = 3 . 10 ( 2 . 93 - 3 . 27 ) , in cm total length , based on lwr estimates for this genus - body shape ( ref . 93245 ) .

trophic level ( ref . 69278 ) : 4 . 0 ±0 . 6 se ; based on size and trophs of closest relatives

resilience ( ref . 69278 ) : low , minimum population doubling time 4 . 5 - 14 years ( preliminary k or fecundity . ) .

vulnerability ( ref . 59153 ) : moderate to high vulnerability ( 54 of 100 ) .

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marine ; demersal . subtropical , preferred ? ; 25°s - 28°s , 110°w - 76°w ( ref . 89357 )

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