trachipterus arcticus is a species of ribbonfish found predominantly in the north atlantic ocean , with one report from the mediterranean sea .

they are rarely encountered by humans due to their deep-sea habitat and the fact that they are of no commercial value .

this species is commonly referred to as the dealfish to differentiate it from the nine other ribbonfish species in the trachipteridae family .

the species commonly known as red bandfish ( cepola macrophthalma ) is sometimes referred to as ribbonfish , but it is unrelated to any ribbonfish in the trachipteridae family .

trachipterus arcticus

trachipterus arcticus <EOT> dealfish , trachipterus arcticus . head detail . mouth articulation . azores , portugal .

dealfish , trachipterus arcticus . lateral view . young animal . azores , portugal .

cyndy parr changed the thumbnail image of " trachipterus arcticus ( brünnich , 1788 ) " .

dealfish n . a deep - sea ribbonfish , trachipterus arcticus , from the north atlantic .

kari pihlaviita added the finnish common name " viikatekala " to " trachipterus arcticus ( brünnich , 1788 ) " .

namngivning : trachipterus arcticus ( brünnich , 1771 ) . originalbeskrivning : gymnogaster arcticus . det kongelige danske videnskabers selskabs skrivter , nye samling , 3 : 418 . etymologi : arcticus ( lat . ) = nordlig . uttal : [ trakípterus árktikus ]

click on the first link on a line below to go directly to a page where " trachipterus arcticus " is defined .

katja schulz set " file : trachipterus altivelis . jpg " as an exemplar on " trachipterus altivelis kner , 1859 " .

kari pihlaviita added the finnish common name " lohikuningas " to " trachipterus altivelis kner , 1859 " .

northernmost occurrence of the ribbonfish trachipterus trachypterus ( gmelin , 1789 ) in the ne atlanti . . .

kari pihlaviita added the finnish common name " etelänviikatekala " to " trachipterus trachypterus ( gmelin , 1789 ) " .

trachipterus trachypterus , mediterranean dealfish . young animal photographed at night close to surface . these fish reach 3 meters length and live from

trachipterus trachypterus , mediterranean dealfish . young animal photographed close to surface . these fish reach 3 meters length and live from 100 to

katja schulz selected " king - of - the - salmon " to show in overview on " trachipterus altivelis kner , 1859 " .

hognestad , p . t . 1962 . the dealfish , trachypterus arcticus brünnich , in north norway . astarte , ( 21 ) : 1 - 13 .

trachipterus goüan 1770 trachy , rough ; pterus , fin , referring to rough ( i . e . , granular ) dorsal - and ventral - fin rays

went , a . e . j . 1952 . an unrecorded deelfish , trachypterus arcticus brunnich , from irish waters . ir . nat . j . , 10 : 302 .

description : hello , a few years ago i was on a holiday with my parents and we ' ve seen a fish wash ashore ( but it was stil alive ) in the meditteranean which i think , based on the information on your site , is trachipterus arcticus . you can check the details here : urltoken ( if it is in dutch you can change the language in the upper right corner ) . on your website you say that there is only one report of this species from the mediterranean , so when my id is correct it will be the second i guess ? can you confirm the id as trachipterus arcticus ? thanks in advance and sorry for my bad english , best regards , jonas pottier , belgium .

meek , a . 1890 . on the structure of trachypterus arcticus ( the northern ribbon fish ) . stud . dundee mus . , 1 ( 6 ) : 1 - 24 , 2 pl .

trachipterus trachypterus ( gmelin 1789 ) trachy , rough ; pterus , fin , referring to sharp , serrated and rough ( i . e . , granular ) fins ( “pinnis aculeatis serratis scabris” )

the deal fish ( trachipterus arcticus ) is a real beauty . the slim and flat body shines like silver , and the red fins look like decorative feathers . this fish is a rare sight as it lives in deep waters ( 300 - 600 meters ) . sometimes dead deal fish get washed ashore . this fish has not the same elegance on land , especially when it has bee dead for some days .

( of gymnogaster arcticus brünnich , 1788 ) froese , r . & d . pauly ( editors ) . ( 2018 ) . fishbase . world wide web electronic publication . , available online at urltoken [ details ]

lütken , c . f . 1882a . nogle bemaerkninger om vaagmaeren ( trachypterus arcticus ) og sildetusten ( gymnetrus banksii ) . overs . k danske vidensk . selsk . forh . , ( 2 ) : 206 - 216 .

brünnich , m . t . 1788c . om den islandske fisk , vogmeren . gymnogaster arcticus . k danske vidensk . selsk . skr . ( n . s . ) , 3 : 408 - 413 , pl . b ( fig . 1 - 3 ) .

andriashev , a . p . 1954 . ryby severnykh morei sssr . izv . akad . nauk sssr . moskwa - leningrad . ( english trans . 1964 , jerusalem , ipst , 617 pp . , 300 fig . )

barnard , k . h . 1926 - 1927 . a monograph of the marine fishes of south africa . part i , ann . s . afr . mus . , 21 : pp . 1 - 418 , fig . 1 - 18 , pl . i - xvii . part ii , ibid . , 21 : pp . 417 - 1065 , fig . 19 - 32 , pl . xviii - xxxviii .

bloch , m . e . ; schneider , j . g . 1801 . m . e . blochii systema ichthyologiae iconibus cx illustratum . post obitum auctoris opus inchoatum absolvit , correxit , interpolavit j . g . schneider , saxo . berolini : ix + 584 pp . , 110 pl .

breder , c . m . ; rosen , d . e . 1966 . modes of reproduction in fishes . nat . hist . press , new york : xv + 941 p .

buen , f . de 1935 . fauna ictiologica . catalogo de los peces ibericos : de la planicie continental , aguas dulces , pelagicos y de los abismos proximos . primera parte . notas resúm . inst . esp . oceanogr . , ser . ii , ( 88 ) : pp . 1 - 89 , pl . i - xx ( fig . 1 - 40 ) . secunda parte . ibid . , ser . ii , ( 89 ) : pp . 91 - 149 , pl . xxiliii ( fig . 40 - 115 ) .

emery , c . 1879 . contribuzioni all ' ittiologia . i . le metamorfosi del trachypterus taenia . atti r . accad . lincei mem . rom . , ( 3 ) 3 : 390 - 397 , 1 pl . ( also publ . in mitt . zool stn neapel , 1 : pp . 581 - 588 , pl . xviii ( fig . 1 - 6 ) ) .

lowe , r . t . 1852a . an account of fishes discovered or observed in madeira since the year 1842 . proc . zool . soc . lond , 18 : 247 - 253 .

mohr , n . 1786 . försog til en islandsk naturhistorie , med adskillige oekonomiske samt andre anmaetkninger , etc . . . . kjöbenhavn : xvi + 413 p . , 7 pl .

nilsson , s . 1855 . skandinavisk fauna . fjerde delen : fiskarna , lund : xxxiv + 768 p .

priol , e . p . 1944 . observations sur les germons et les thons rouges capturés par les pêcheurs bretons . iii . remarques sur quelques poissons recueillis dans l ' estomac des thons . revue trav . off . ( scient . tech . ) pêch . marit . , 13 : 430 439 , fig .

reid , j . 1849 . an account of a specimen of the vaagmaer or vogmarus islandicus ( trachypterus bogmarus of cuvier and valenciennes ) thrown ashore in the firth of forth . ann . mag . nat . hist . , ( 2 ) 3 ( 18 ) : 456 - 477 , pl . xvi .

reinhardt , j . c . h . 1838 . vaagmaeren ( trachypterus vogmarus ) . k . danske vidensk . selsk . naturvid . math . afhandl . , 7 : pp . 65 - 82 , pl . i - ii .

smith , j . l . b . 1949b . the sea fishes of southern africa . south africa , 580 p . , 111 pl . , 1232 fig . ( other editions : 1950 , 1953 , 1961 , 1965 , 1970 ) .

smitt , f . a . 1893 - 1895 . ( ed . ) a history of scandinavian fishes , stockholm and paris , atlas , i , 1893 , pl . i - xxvii .

greek , trachys , - eia , - ys = rough + greek , pteron = wing , fin ( ref . 45335 )

marine ; bathypelagic ; depth range 300 - 600 m ( ref . 35388 ) . deep - water ; 72°n - 25°n , 62°w - 25°e

northeast atlantic : norway and iceland to madeira islands ; one report from spain in the mediterranean . western atlantic : new york to southern florida in usa . populations in western atlantic are probably a separate species ( ref . 7251 ) .

maturity : l m ? , range 200 - ? cm max length : 300 cm tl male / unsexed ; ( ref . 35388 )

probably solitary although occasional aggregations have been reported , either for feeding or breeding purposes . feeds on small fishes and squids ( ref . 6392 ) . sexually mature at a length of 200cm and an age of 14 years ( ref . 35388 ) . eggs , larvae , and young are pelagic ( ref . 6392 ) .

palmer , g . , 1986 . trachipteridae . p . 729 - 732 . in p . j . p . whitehead , m . - l . bauchot , j . - c . hureau , j . nielsen and e . tortonese ( eds . ) fishes of the north - eastern atlantic and the mediterranean . unesco , paris . vol . 2 . ( ref . 6392 )

phylogenetic diversity index ( ref . 82805 ) : pd 50 = 0 . 5166 [ uniqueness , from 0 . 5 = low to 2 . 0 = high ] .

trophic level ( ref . 69278 ) : 4 . 5 ±0 . 62 se ; based on food items .

resilience ( ref . 69278 ) : very low , minimum population doubling time more than 14 years ( tm = 14 ; fec = 500 , 000 ) .

prior r = 0 . 17 , 2 sd range = 0 . 04 - 0 . 73 , log ( r ) = - 1 . 77 , sd log ( r ) = 0 . 73 , based on : 1 k , 1 tgen , 1 fec records

vulnerability ( ref . 59153 ) : very high vulnerability ( 85 of 100 ) .

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van der land , j . ; costello , m . j . ; zavodnik , d . ; santos , r . s . ; porteiro , f . m . ; bailly , n . ; eschmeyer , w . n . ; froese , r . ( 2001 ) . pisces , in : costello , m . j . et al . ( ed . ) ( 2001 ) . european register of marine species : a check - list of the marine species in europe and a bibliography of guides to their identification . collection patrimoines naturels , 50 : pp . 357 - 374 ( look up in imis ) [ details ]

robins , c . r . , g . c . ray , j . douglass and r . freund . 1986 . a field guide to atlantic coast fishes of north america . houghton mifflin co . boston . 354 p . [ details ]

mceachran , j . d . ( 2009 ) . fishes ( vertebrata : pisces ) of the gulf of mexico , pp . 1223–1316 in : felder , d . l . and d . k . camp ( eds . ) , gulf of mexico–origins , waters , and biota . biodiversity . texas a & m ; press , college station , texas . [ details ]

dyntaxa . ( 2013 ) . swedish taxonomic database . accessed at urltoken [ 15 - 01 - 2013 ] . , available online at http : / / urltoken [ details ]

brünnich , m . t . ( 1788 ) . om en ny fiskart , den draabeplettede pladefish , fanget ved helsingör i nordsöen 1786 . k . danske selsk . skrift . n . saml . 3 : 398 - 407 . pl . a . [ details ]

wheeler , a . ( 1992 ) . a list of the common and scientific names of fishes of the british isles . j . fish biol . 41 ( suppl . a ) : 1 - 37 ( look up in imis ) [ details ]

froese , r . & d . pauly ( editors ) . ( 2018 ) . fishbase . world wide web electronic publication . , available online at urltoken [ details ]

intergovernmental oceanographic commission ( ioc ) of unesco . the ocean biogeographic information system ( obis ) , available online at urltoken [ details ]

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moore , jon a . , karsten e . hartel , james e . craddock , and john k . galbraith

nelson , joseph s . , edwin j . crossman , h . espinosa - pérez , l . t . findley , c . r . gilbert , et al . , eds .

full author list : nelson , joseph s . , edwin j . crossman , héctor espinosa - pérez , lloyd t . findley , carter r . gilbert , robert n . lea , and james d . williams

robins , richard c . , reeve m . bailey , carl e . bond , james r . brooker , ernest a . lachner , et al .

disclaimer : itis taxonomy is based on the latest scientific consensus available , and is provided as a general reference source for interested parties . however , it is not a legal authority for statutory or regulatory purposes . while every effort has been made to provide the most reliable and up - to - date information available , ultimate legal requirements with respect to species are contained in provisions of treaties to which the united states is a party , wildlife statutes , regulations , and any applicable notices that have been published in the federal register . for further information on u . s . legal requirements with respect to protected taxa , please contact the u . s . fish and wildlife service .

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dealfish are found in the north atlantic to as far south as florida . not much is known but they are about them . they feed on small fishes and squids .

the bottom picture recently surfaced . . . i jest . the fish washed up on the beach in florida . it has been misidentifed by some as an oarfish . it is not . there is another close relative of this fish that lives around australia and other places that is very similiar . it also goes by the name dealfish . but the scientific name is different . same genus name different species name .

vågmären har stjärtfenan käckt i topp som ingen annan svensk fisk . eftersom den dessutom är långsmal och silvrig med röda fenor är den lätt att känna igen . totallängd 300 cm , vanligtvis 100 cm . en mycket långsträckt art vars rygg är mer rundad än buksidan , så att den liknar ett utdraget pilblad . huvudet är litet och trubbigt , ögonen relativt stora och tänderna mycket korta . ryggfenan börjar strax bakom ögat och fortsätter bakåt nästan till stjärtfenans bas . de främre 5 - 6 fenstrålarna är avgränsade från resten av ryggfenan samt något förlängda jämfört med de omedelbart påföljande , men hela fenan är relativt lång . analfena saknas . nedre stjärtfensloben är kort , medan den övre stjärtfensloben är välutvecklad och uppåtriktad , vilket ger stjärten är säreget utseende . bröstfenorna är mycket korta och rundade . bukfenorna är trådlika hos unga individer och saknas helt eller är starkt förkortade hos vuxna individer . fjäll saknas , utom i sidolinjen - som löper rakt från huvudet bakåt till stjärtfenan - där de ser ut som små taggar . längs bukkanten finns en rad spetsiga små knölar . kroppen är silverglänsande med 1 - 5 svarta fläckar som försvinner med ökande ålder . ryggfenan och stjärtfenan är illröda , bröstfenorna rosa . fenstrålar och fjäll : d iv - viii . ca 150 , a saknas , p 10 - 13 , v 0 ( 4 - 6 hos yngel ) . fjäll saknas utom i sidolinjen , där de är svårräknade .

vågmär förekommer regelbundet men sällsynt i skagerrak , och emellanåt påträffas den även i kattegatt och öresund . totalt har omkring 20 fynd gjorts i sverige , senast i bohuslän 2011 . arten har en omfattande utbredning över hela nordatlanten mellan ungefär 30° n och islands , grönlands och nordnorges kuster .

vågmär är en nordatlantisk art med förekomst från madeira till island och norra norge . arten lever pelagiskt och oftast på stort djup . den uppträder regelbundet men relativt fåtaligt i nordsjön och mera regelbundet på djupt vatten utanför norges kust . vågmären är en sällsynt besökare längs svenska västkusten med fynd från bohuslän till öresund .

vågmär är en pelagisk fisk som uppehåller sig på relativt djupt vatten , ned till 600 meters djup , och lever av fiskar och bläckfiskar . den blir könsmogen vid 14 års ålder och 245 cm längd . en hona kan producera ca 580 000 ägg , och såväl äggen som larverna är pelagiska .

länsvis förekomst och status för vågmär baserat på sammanställningar och bedömningar av gjorda fynd .

blå punkter visar fynd registrerade i artportalen och övriga databaser anslutna till lifewatch . kan innehålla observationer som inte är validerade . kartan uppdateras var fjärde vecka .

nationalnyckeln till sveriges flora och fauna . strålfeniga fiskar . actinopterygii . 2012 . artdatabanken , slu , uppsala .

längre texter , utöver kriteriedokumentation , har sammanställts av : sven o . kullander & bo delling 2012 ( bearbetad av tomas carlberg och ragnar hall , artdatabanken ) .

i det avancerade verktyget kan man söka ut och få fram artlistor , t ex arter i ett visst län , i en viss biotop , substrat , som påverkas av en hotfaktor , eller som är knutna till en sk värdart , t ex trädet alm . dessa kan även kombineras .

söka fram arter som är rödlistade , knutna till alm , är beroende av död ved och som finns i kronobergs län .

söka fram arter som är rödlistade , lever i småvatten och som påverkas negativt av igenväxning .

defaultläget i verktyget är arter som är rödlistade 2015 och dessa är klassade på samtliga sökfaktorer . under fliken rödlistekategori kan man dock välja att även inkludera arter som inte är rödlistade . om man väljer att inkludera icke rödlistade arter behöver man vara medveten om att samtliga arter inte är klassade på samtliga faktorer . nedan en sammanställning av vad som är komplett .

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copyright ( c ) 2009–2015 permission is hereby granted , free of charge , to any person obtaining a copy of this software and associated documentation files ( the " software " ) , to deal in the software without restriction , including without limitation the rights to use , copy , modify , merge , publish , distribute , sublicense , and / or sell copies of the software , and to permit persons to whom the software is furnished to do so , subject to the following conditions : the above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in all copies or substantial portions of the software . the software is provided " as is " , without warranty of any kind , express or implied , including but not limited to the warranties of merchantability , fitness for a particular purpose and noninfringement . in no event shall the authors or copyright holders be liable for any claim , damages or other liability , whether in an action of contract , tort or otherwise , arising from , out of or in connection with the software or the use or other dealings in the software .

some of the most common fish in the ocean are the small pelagic fish , which means they spend their life away from the coast and near the surface . in warm waters anchovies and sardines are superabundant while in cold waters , it´s herrings and smelts ( incl . capelin ) . in between , one can find blue whitings , and mackerels . these species are not many but they are extremely abundant and migrate great distances . changes in their distribution due to environmental changes are dramatic and easily noticeable . usually they feed on zooplankton such as copepods .

) arrive on the coast in the spring and summer . adult herring is often found in great abundance off the northern coast and in fact sustained the most important fisheries there for decades . however , the migration patterns of the adult herring can change dramatically , so large herring has not been particularily common off northern iceland during the last decades . adult capelin remain outside the fjord except during the spawn in the late winter , at which time they move closer to the coast and follow it to the south shore . some capelin remain in the various fjords along the north and east .

some larger pelagic fish are occasionally found off northern iceland . however , large pelagic fishes are rare in cold waters , and their role is taken over by

) . all are rare guests but for some unknown reason really many dealfish were found within the fjords in 2009 . although dealfish are related to opahs , the two species are radically different in appearance . the opah is nearly as tall as it is long and it‘s thick and heavy , reaching a weight of 270 kg . it is also brightly colored . the opah was recently shown to be warm - blooded . on the other hand , the dealfish is very long and slender . it can reach a length of 300 cm and its body is a silvery white on the sides with bright red fins .

the smallest pelagic fish are usually found at middle depths . three of these are often seen off the northern coast are the

metavelifer walters 1960 meta - , after , i . e . , after velifer , assuming this genus is more specialized than velifer

lampris retzius 1799 radiant , brilliant or shining , referring to brilliant coloration of l . guttatus

lampris immaculatus gilchrist 1904 im - , not ; maculata , spotted , no white spots on any part of body unlike l . guttatus

strange or unknown , referring to the “strange or unknown presence of multiple species of opahs [ i . e . , five distinct , monophyletic lineages previously within l . guttatus ] in the same geographic region” ( matthew t . craig , pers . comm . )

eumecichthys fiski ( günther 1890 ) in honor of rev . george henry redmore fisk ( 1829 - 1911 ) , a collector of zoological curiosities in south africa , who “kindly submitted” this “highly interesting fish” and specimens of other animals

zu elongatus heemstra & kannemeyer 1984 referring to its more elongate body compared to z . cristatus

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the benthopelagic black scabbardfish ( aphanopus carbo lowe , 1839 ) is an important species for northeast atlantic deep - water fisheries . its wide distribution across the ne atlantic and the difficult… " [ more ]

description of dermal denticles from the caudal region of raja clavata and their use for the estimat . . .

serra - pereira , b . , figueiredo , i . , farias , i . , moura , t . , and gordo , l . s . 2008 . description of dermal denticles from the caudal region of raja clavata and their use for the estimation of age and growth . – ices journal of marine science , 65 : 1701–1709 . this work is a response to a lack of knowledge of the biology of raja clavata in southern european waters , particularly in terms of age and . . . [ show full abstract ]

otolith shape analysis as a tool for stock discrimination of the black scabbardfish , aphanopus carbo . . .

the variability in otolith contour shape of black scabbardfish ( aphanopus carbo ) from portuguese waters was analysed for stock discrimination purposes . the contour shape of otoliths from specimens caught off mainland portugal , madeira and azores archipelagos was digitised and extracted according to the closed - form fourier analysis technique . mainland and madeira specimens were compared through . . . [ show full abstract ]

diet comparison of four ray species ( raja clavata , raja brachyura , raja montagui and leucoraja naev . . .

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the ribbonfish are any lampriform fishes in the family trachipteridae . these pelagic fish are named for their slim , ribbon - like appearance . they are rarely seen alive , as they typically live in deep waters , though are not bottom feeders . the sparidae are

it is believed to be two different stocks of dela fish : one in the northeastern atlantic and another in the northwestern atlantic .

a norwegian trawler got a lot of dela fish while trawling for blue whiting west of ireland in march 2007 . scientists on board said that they never before had got so many deal fish on such a survey . the deal fish can grow to be three meters long .

the steward on the vessel prepared some deal fish for the crew . reliable reports tells that the deal fish didn’t taste much . it had a jelly - like consistency and the crew left the dinner table early that day . maybe the conclusion had been different with a steward and a crew from asia ?

a couple of strange fish caught with trawl in the northern atlantic ocean has been shown on this post . her are two more of these strange looking creatures . the fish above looks like a monster thought it has the seize of a small herring . it seems to be able to eat preys of its own seize with its gigantic gap . the long and sharp teeth makes this fish look more than dangerous . i do not know the names of this fish , nor the name to the fish below .

something like an eel with a tale and a birds head ? the appearance is not important while living in total darkness on several hundred meters depth . below you see a photo of its head .

cfm script by eagbayani , 28 . 08 . 01 , php script by cmilitante , 04 / 03 / 10 , last modified by cmilitante , 11 / 12 / 12

the national weather service in taunton , massachusetts , hosted the first stop of the 2007 east coast hurricane awareness tour at quonset state airport in north kingstown , rhode island . the purpose of the tour is to increase hurricane awareness and to encourage preparedness in vulnerable coastal and inland communities through information stations , prescheduled briefings , public tours of one of noaa ' s lockheed wp - 3d orion hurricane hunter aircraft , and visits with hurricane hunter crew members and national hurricane center - tropical prediction center staff members . standing in front of the noaa hurricane hunter aircraft are ( from left ) : tracy mccormick , jeane wallace , david vallee , edward capone , and jeff ouellet .

200th celebration greeting from the hague , netherlands ! u . s . delegates from noaa fisheries service presented listing proposals to protect sawfish , pink and red corals , and the banggai cardinalfish from unsustainable international trade during the 14th conference of the parties to the convention on international trade in endangered species ( cites ) . they also worked to protect and regulate trade in other sharks , whales , and marine turtles at the conference . in this photo , they are taking a few minutes to commemorate noaa ' s 200th celebration . pictured are ( from left ) : andy bruckner , david cottingham , nancy daves , ryan wulff , and john carlson .

on a beautiful june morning at constitution gardens on the national mall in washington , dc , noaa fisheries volunteers helped 25 kids from ross elementary school learn about the glorious fun that is boating and fishing . the kids had a blast , and so did the noaa fisheries volunteers ! one of the kids jumped up and down with excitement at his 3 " fish ( which he then released ) and shouted , " this is the best day of my whole life ! " the annual event is a collaboration of the national park service , the department of the interior , noaa , dc fisheries program , and the non - profit recreational boating and fishing foundation . volunteers included liz fairey , maile bliss , mark oswell , dianna avery , anne isham , mark oswel , arminta brown , shirley lucas , stephie bost , terry sheriff , chris german , brad gentner , jim mccallum , and forbes darby .

the noaa chief financial officer ( cfo ) office held a team - building exercise with its staff from the finance and budget offices at east point park in washington , dc . the chief financial officer serves as the principal financial manager for noaa ' s resources . the cfo ' s office is responsible for providing leadership necessary for noaa to obtain a yearly - unqualified opinion in the audit of its consolidated financial statements , as well as ensuring that noaa ' s bills are paid in a timely manner . we are also responsible for the oversight and management of noaa ' s budget process , including coordinating the preparation of noaa budget submissions to the department , office of management and budget , and the congress .

following a severe weather safety presentation by john paul martin ( holding banner at the far left ) , warning coordination meteorologist at noaa ' s national weather service in bismarck , north dakota , personnel from the department of the interior ' s bureau of reclamation joined in commemorating noaa ' s celebration of 200 years of science , service , and stewardship at the bureau ' s bismarck office .

the national weather service in north platte , nebraska , entered a float in the nebraskaland days parade this year . the theme of the parade was " the tradition rides on " as nebraskaland days was celebrating 125 years . the national weather service office won first prize in the commercial float division and also took home the best float overall . the float highlighted the arrival of the national weather service in north platte in 1874 , the first weather satellite in 1960 , the first weather radar in 1942 , and the first tornado warning was in 1947 . the float also showcased noaa ' s 200th celebration of science , service and stewardship . pictured ( top , from left ) christina henderson ; bill taylor ; brian hirsch ; teresa keck ; dennis phillips ( as dorothy in the wizard of oz ) ; and jim sweet ( as glenda the good witch of the north in the wizard of oz ) ; national weather service employee ' s children , james , leela , jamie , samantha , alex , and landon . standing in front of the float ( from left ) : deb blondin and angela oder .

noaa ' s national weather service southern region acting director steven cooper gathered his headquarters staff together recently to celebrate their department of commerce bronze medal . also on hand were visiting meteorologists from the people ' s republic of china . the chinese meteorologists have been visiting local , regional and national centers as part of an international exchange agreement with the national weather service . the headquarters staff has been recognized for leadership and support for national weather service field office warning and forecast operations during the 2005 hurricane season . the headquarters employees provided indispensable administrative , logistical , and technical support to the offices . their leadership and actions assisted the offices in preparing for , delivering , and sustaining critical forecast and warning operations prior to , during , and in the aftermath of the storms .

the monitor national marine sanctuary ' s advisory council ( sac ) recently gathered for meetings in cape hatteras , north carolina . while the wreck of the uss monitor was the main item on the agenda , participants also were given briefings on the biological , environmental , and historical aspects of the area aptly known as the graveyard of the atlantic . here sac members , staff from the monitor national marine sanctuary , and members of the maritime heritage program examine one of the " anomalies " that has been attributed to some of the mysterious losses of ships in the graveyard ' s waters . pictured ( from left ) : ( back ) wayne smith , richard lawrence , david alberg , tane casserley , jeff johnston , ( front ) krista trono , don reynolds , susan langley , dr . tim runyan , and channing zucker .

after months of planning seattle ' s noaa 200th celebration event , the " get to know noaa weekend " was held in june in conjunction with the " treasures of noaa ' s ark " exhibit at the pacific science center in seattle , washington , featuring activities , exhibits , and talks by noaa scientists . hundreds of visitors stopped by the " meet a noaa scientist " area where booths from a variety of noaa offices were set up to answer questions and inform the visitors about their role within noaa . pictured in the " meet a noaa scientist " exhibit are ( front row , from left ) : lcdr mike hopkins , helen bottcher , and lisa hiruki - raring . ( back row , from left ) : rebecca reuter , liz clarke , jeff napp , and ted buehner .

after months of planning seattle ' s noaa 200th celebration event , the " get to know noaa weekend " was held in june in conjunction with the " treasures of noaa ' s ark " exhibit at the pacific science center in seattle , washington , featuring activities , exhibits , and talks by noaa scientists . hundreds of visitors stopped by the " meet a noaa scientist " area where booths from a variety of noaa offices were set up to answer questions and inform the visitors about their role within noaa . this photo shows ken kruse with a few youth who stopped by to see the " survival at sea " demonstration with seattle ' s space needle in the background .

for the past four years , researchers from noaa ' s center for coastal fisheries and habitat research have conducted an annual research cruise aboard noaa ship nancy foster to puerto rico and isla vieques with the help of participants from other noaa line offices and academic institutions . the purpose of this cruise is an ongoing investigation of the response of seagrass beds to physical disturbances including boat groundings , storms , wave energy , and foraging areas . this year ' s cruise included participants from noaa ' s southeast fisheries science center , noaa ' s office of response and restoration , and the north carolina state university . pictured in the bow of nancy foster are ( from left ) : tracy hamburger , chris taylor , jud kenworthy ( seated ) , sean meehan , todd kellison , giuseppe di carlo , jenny vander pluym , john burke , erika hansen , brian degan , missy partyka , paula whitfield , kevin kirsch , warren mitchell , amy uhrin , brooke landry and john hackney ( seated ) .

promoting environmental literacy is essential to support noaa ' s mission and one way we do that is through internship programs that provide the opportunity for hundreds of young scholars to work side by side with noaa scientists . this year , more than 120 students from three separate programs - the ernest f . hollings undergraduate scholars , the educational partnership program ( epp ) undergraduate scholars , and the epp graduate scholars - traveled to silver spring , maryland , for a very busy introduction to noaa .

this group of americorps volunteers from northern colorado called the colorado range riders was assigned to help restore a portion of southern mississippi impacted by hurricane katrina . after participating in three days of coastal cleanups and weeks of restoring damaged homes , these hard - working young adults were rewarded with an educational / recreational kayak tour of the grand bay national estuarine research reserve . these young leaders of tomorrow had a great time while learning the importance of conserving coastal habitats .

200th celebration greetings from northern indiana , southwest michigan , and northwest ohio ! noaa ' s national weather service northern indiana office commemorated noaa ' s 200th celebration at the airport with fireworks ! goshen freedom fest was held on june 30th at the goshen indiana airport . an estimated 25 , 000 to 30 , 000 people attended the day - long event . staff from noaa ' s national weather service northern indiana office set up an information and display booth , complete with posters , brochures , and a noaa weather radio all hazards display . the staff kept busy during the day answering numerous questions from the crowd about weather safety , aviation weather , noaa weather radio all hazards , and noaa ' s 200th celebration . in the photo , senior meteorologists john taylor and sam lashley , along with scep sara weisser and intern b . j . simpson , pose for a picture with the crew of a blackhawk helicopter , from the 38th aviation battalion based in shelbyville .

in june , the indianapolis weather forecast office ( wfo ) hosted a lightning safety awareness week event on monument circle in downtown indianapolis , indiana . meteorologists from the wfo distributed lightning safety posters , magnets , brochures , and golf tees , as well as answered questions from the public and an interview from wibc radio news . shown under the awning ( from left ) : an interested citizen and national weather service meteorologists joseph nield and jason puma .

librarians take time out from the books to send greetings from the annual noaa libraries conference in silver spring , maryland . noaa has 31 libraries encompassing some of the largest environmental science collections on earth that serve noaa operations , research , and policy offices at noaa facilities from kodiak island to miami and from woods hole to honolulu . noaa libraries have served noaa personnel from antarctica to the alaskan arctic and even have provided information to noaa ships at sea . pictured are ( seated , front row , from left ) : linda pikula , lagena fantroy , kathy kelly , maria bello , lisa pugh , janice beattie , and earie taniuchi ; ( back row , from left ) : michelle campbell , brian voss , skip theberge , liselle drake , linda salyers , caroline woods , paula jonson , eileen mcvey , gloria aversano , nick berry , ginny dietrich , claire steimle , neal kaske , debra losey , anna fiolek , and doria grimes .

on june 12 , hundreds of noaa employees and partners participated in the 4th annual noaa restoration day in maryland and virginia . noaa restoration day is one of the largest voluntary federal - employee - sponsored environmental stewardship events in the bay watershed . the maryland event was held at the jug bay component of the chesapeake bay national estuarine research reserve in maryland and the virginia event was held at the virginia commonwealth university rice center in charles city , virginia . at jug bay , more than 170 noaa volunteers from all noaa line offices joined staff from partner agencies to restore a portion of the patuxent river . volunteers planted underwater grasses grown in 22 tanks in noaa offices , transplanted wild rice , performed fish seining and sampling , mapped and removed invasive plants , completed digital elevation mapping , and more . more information can be found at http : / / restorationday . noaa . gov .

click headings [ a - z ] or [ ascending ] to sort the author ( s ) or year column . currently sorted by year of publication .

review : ' history of the british flora , a factual basis for phytogeography ' by sir h . godwin

blackfish centrolophus niger ( gmelin , 1789 ) ( c . pompilus cuv . & val . ) in irish waters : a further record and a review of irish records

carter , c . j . , wood - baker , c . s . & polaszek , a .

the distribution in scotland and ireland of calliphora uralensis and its occurrence with ] and separation from c . vicina ( insecta : diptera )

additional data on the distribution of the bank vole , clethrionomys glareolus ( schreber , 1780 ) , on the beara peninsula , cos . cork and kerry

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dealated adj . ( entomology ) having shed or lost its wings , usually in the normal course of its life cycle .

idealism n . the property of a person of having high ideals that are usually unrealizable or at odds with practical . idealism n . the practice or habit of giving or attributing ideal form or character to things ; treatment of things . idealism n . ( philosophy ) an approach to philosophical enquiry , which asserts that direct and immediate knowledge can .

idealist n . ( philosophy ) one who adheres to idealism . idealist n . someone whose conduct stems from idealism rather than from practicality . idealist n . an unrealistic or impractical visionary .

ideality n . ( uncountable ) the quality or state of being ideal . ideality n . ( uncountable ) the capacity to form deals of beauty or perfection . ideality n . the conceptive faculty .

idealize v . ( transitive ) to regard something as ideal . idealize v . ( intransitive ) to conceive or form an ideal . idealize v . ( art ) to portray using idealization .

megadeal n . ( informal ) a transaction of very large size . megadeal n . ( informal ) a deal offering exceptional value for money .

misdeals n . plural of misdeal . misdeals v . third - person singular simple present indicative form of misdeal .

somedeal pron . some part ; a portion , something ; some . somedeal adv . ( rare ) in some measure or degree ; somewhat , partly , partially .

this site uses web cookies , click to learn more . © ortograf inc . website updated on 26 september 2017 . informations & contacts

carolinus y menticirrhus littoralis se mantuvieron cercanos al lugar original de captura entre 21 y 27 dias .

use of the surf zone of sandy beaches by croaker ' s larvae ( cynoscion spp . ) , province of guayas , ecuador

effects of dietary protein levels on the growth , feed utilization and haemato - biochemical parameters of freshwater fish , cyprinus carpio var . specularis

carolinus ( linnaeus , 1766 ) , brevoortia aurea ( spix and agassiz , 1829 ) ) species .

high levels of total ammonia nitrogen as n [ h . sub . 4 . sup . + ] are stressful and harmful to the growth of nile tilapia juveniles / elevados niveis de nitrogenio amoniacal total como n [ h . sub . 4 . sup . + ] sao estressantes e danosos ao crescimento de juvenis de tilapia nilotica

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monthly electronic news bulletin for the marine life of the ne atlantic oceans including the seas and seashore around the british isles . the bulletin is designed for microsoft explorer 4 and above using medium fonts at a resolution of 800 x 600 and can be viewed satisfactorily at a resolution of 1024 x 768 . subscribe and unsubscribe options are at the foot of this page .

if you receive this bulletin as an email subscriber , you may find the best way to view the file is on your hard disc in your directory of incoming emails .

reports of marine wildlife from all around the british isles , with pollution incidents and conservation initiatives as they affect the flora and fauna of the ne atlantic ocean .

, north devon . most were about 10 mm in size , and some were still alive with their bubble rafts and " inked " when placed in a bucket . they were washed in with tiny ( max 12 mm )

beach , west sussex . there was much remaining of this large turtle , but the distinctive outer shell and at least one flipper is seen in the photograph by

they cause a huge amount of damage to the tidal and lower freshwater sections of rivers as they burrow into riverbanks causing them to collapse and silt up . further pressure is also put on our wildlife as these crabs out compete native species . these crabs must spend the juvenile part of their life cycle in freshwater but must return to the sea to breed .

six of these tiny crabs were found on a plastic barrel and one on a plastic float .

were recorded and collected by a rov submersible , the first a beige species with short arms ( like a cushion star ) from a depth of around 250 metres off west norway , and the second similar one from a depth of 600 metres in a norwegian fjord at an earlier date . neither of these species have been positively identified at time of writing .

coast . the height of this round fish was measured at 98 cm ( including the fins ) .

are frequently found stranded on the western and southern coasts of britain , but much less often on north sea coasts .

from the baltic coast of southern sweden , means this fish must have navigated through the narrow parts of the kattegat . it was a smallish specimen with a total length of 60 cm .

and there are clues that the buoys , wooden pallets , fish boxes etc . have been floating around the atlantic ocean for two years or more and are american in origin . the live crabs were placed in the aquarium at the

these crabs are rarely recorded pelagic life with british records only from the extreme west coasts , with the only cornish records of the crab coming from the 19th century .

gulf - weed crab because the largest population of this abundant crab is believed to inhabit the open atlantic ocean area known as the sargasso sea .

; the fish was one metre long , 30 cms wide and laterally very thin with a tapering tail . i have identified this fish as a


the ornate skink , cyclodina ornata , is a rare species of skink endemic to new zealand .

this species was once widespread through much of the north island and on many offshore islands in the hauraki gulf and north of the coromandel peninsula .

habitat destruction and predation by introduced species has now reduced their range to scattered localities throughout the north island as far south as wellington , as well as on the three kings islands , great barrier island , and a few other offshore islands .

ornate skinks co-exist widely with copper skinks , and at selected localities with robust skinks , mokohinau skinks , mcgregor 's skinks , poor knights skinks and on great barrier and little barrier islands , marbled skinks .

ornate skinks are not currently known to co-exist with whitaker 's skinks .

ornate skinks can be identified by the white or yellowish " teardrop " edged with black , below each eye .

ornate skink

ornate skink <EOT> taxonomic revision of the ornate skink ( oligosoma ornatum ; reptilia : scincidae ) species complex from northern new zealand .

ornate skinks occur in and around forestry blocks of northland , waikato and wellington .

taxonomic revision of the ornate skink ( oligosoma ornatum ; reptilia : scincidae ) species complex from northern new zealand . - pubmed - ncbi

the ornate skink , oligosoma ornata , is a rare species of skink endemic to new zealand . this species was once widespread through much of the north island and on many offshore islands in the hauraki gulf . this ornate skink in living in the bottom of my fire wood shed as it has for many years only seen of sunny days

a robust medium - sized skink with a tear drop below the eye . very secretive and does not enjoy dry habitats .

towns dr ( 1999 ) cyclodina spp . skink recovery plan , 1999–2004 , threatened species recovery plan 27 . department of conservation , wellington , 75p

aorangi skink ; morphology ; new zealand ; north island ; oligosoma roimata sp . nov . ; poor knights island ; taxonomy , oligosoma ornatum ; oligosoma aeneum

dumont ct ( 2015 ) an investigation into declining skink populations and their behavioural responses to introduced mammalian predators . masters of science thesis , university of canterbury , christchurch , 154p

fawcett , j . d . ( 1970 ) reproduction in the new zealand skink , sphenomorphus pseudornatus . journal of the colorado - wyoming academy of science , 7 , 43 .

chapple dg , daugherty ch , ritchie pa ( 2009 ) origin , diversification , and systematics of the new zealand skink fauna ( reptilia : scincidae ) . mol phylogenet evol 52 : 470–487

towns dr , neilson ka , whitaker ah ( 2002 ) north island oligosoma spp . skink recovery plan , 2002–2012 , threatened species recovery plan 48 . department of conservation , wellington , 62p

although the new zealand skink fauna is known to be highly diverse , a substantial proportion of the recognised species remain undescribed . we completed a taxonomic revision of the ornate skink ( oligosoma ornatum ( gray , 1843 ) ) as a previous molecular study indicated that it represented a species complex . as part of this work we have resolved some nomenclatural issues involving this species and a similar species , o . aeneum ( girard , 1857 ) . a new skink species , oligosoma roimata sp . nov . , is described from the poor knights islands , off the northeast coast of the north island of new zealand . this species is diagnosed by a range of morphological characters and genetic differentiation from o . ornatum . the conservation status of the new taxon appears to be of concern as it is endemic to the poor knights islands and has rarely been seen over the past two decades .

o’donnell cfj , hoare jm ( 2012 ) monitoring trends in skink sightings from artificial retreats : influences of retreat design , placement period , and predator abundance . herpetol conserv biol 7 ( 1 ) : 58–66

barwick , r . e . ( 1959 ) the life history of the common new zealand skink leiolopisma zelandica ( gray , 1843 ) . transactions of the royal society of new zealand , 86 , 331–380 .

hoare jm , adams lk , bull ls , towns dr ( 2007a ) attempting to manage complex predator - prey interactions fails to avert imminent extinction of a threatened new zealand skink population . j wildl manage 71 : 1576–1584

lettink m , norbury g , cree a , seddon pj , duncan rp , schwarz cj ( 2010 ) removal of introduced predators , but not artificial refuge supplementation , increases skink survival in coastal duneland . biol conserv 143 : 72–77

bell , t . p . & patterson , g . b . ( 2008 ) a rare alpine skink oligosoma pikitanga n . sp . ( reptilia : scincidae ) from llawrenny peaks , fiordland , new zealand . zootaxa , 1882 , 57–68 .

chapple , d . g . , ritchie , p . a . & daugherty , c . h . ( 2009 ) origin , diversification and systematics of the new zealand skink fauna ( reptilia : scincidae ) . molecular phylogenetics and evolution , 52 , 470–487 .

patterson , g . b . & bell , t . p . ( 2009 ) the barrier skink oligosoma judgei n . sp . ( reptilia : scincidae ) from the darran and takitimu mountains , south island , new zealand . zootaxa , 2271 , 43–56 .

chapple , d . g . & patterson , g . b . ( 2007 ) a new skink species ( oligosoma taumakae sp . nov . ; reptilia : scincidae ) from the open bay islands , new zealand . new zealand journal of zoology , 34 , 347–357 .

chapple , d . g . , patterson , g . b . , bell , t . & daugherty , c . h . ( 2008b ) taxonomic revision of the new zealand copper skink ( cyclodina aenea ; squamata : scincidae ) species complex , with description of two new species . journal of herpetology , 42 , 437–452 .

chapple , d . g . , patterson , g . b . , gleeson , d . m . , daugherty , c . h . & ritchie , p . a . ( 2008a ) taxonomic revision of the marbled skink ( cyclodina oliveri , reptilia : scincidae ) species complex , with a description of a new species . new zealand journal of zoology , 35 , 129–146 .

chapple , d . g . , bell , t . b . , chapple , s . n . j . , miller , k . a . , daugherty , c . h . & patterson , g . b . ( 2011 ) phylogeography and taxonomic revision of the new zealand cryptic skink ( oligosoma inconspicuum ; reptilia : scincidae ) species complex . zootaxa , 2782 , 1–33 .

mainland sanctuaries , where introduced mammalian predators are controlled or excluded , have the potential to improve the conservation status of new zealand lizards . this is due to the reliance of a large number of species on habitats unavailable on offshore islands . however , despite considerable predator control efforts , lizard populations are still in decline , even in some mainland sanctuaries . the main cause of this failure appears to be that predator control is hard to sustain and largely targeted at protecting bird populations , which require lower levels of predator suppression than lizard populations . even fenced , mainland , predator - exclusion sites are prone to reinvasions , particularly of mice , which are difficult to exclude at the outset . episodic irruptions of mice within fenced sanctuaries , and other mammalian predator species in unfenced sanctuaries , can quickly decrease lizard numbers . small lizard populations are particularly vulnerable . we discuss two case studies to illustrate population dynamics and limitations to understanding mechanisms underlying patterns of population declines in new zealand skinks : ornate skinks ( oligosoma ornatum ) in a fenced mainland site and speckled skinks ( o . infrapunctatum ) in an unfenced mainland site . we also speculate about the effects on lizards of native and non - native birds and introduced social insects , including wasps and ants . understanding biological interactions and obtaining more species - and situation - specific data for lizards will provide information on limits to recovery , detection time frames after management actions , risks and benefits of habitat enhancements and density targets for introduced species where total eradication is impractical .

4k it ' s blue ! playing cat & mouse with a pretty lizard . nature , fishing , herping , travel .

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warning : the ncbi web site requires javascript to function . more . . .

149 mairangi road , wilton , wellington , new zealand ; email : geoffjoss @ clear . net . nz .

department of conservation , terrestrial conservation unit , po box 10 - 420 , wellington 6143 , new zealand ; email : unknown .

school of biological sciences , monash university , clayton victoria 3800 , australia allan wilson centre for molecular ecology and evolution , school of biological sciences , victoria university of wellington , p . o . box 600 , wellington 6140 , new zealand ; email : unknown .

new zealand has a very diverse group of geckos and skinks . the distribution and habits of many are poorly known , and additional species are still being discovered , and others are being established through genetic studies . geckos are distinguished from skinks by having either velvet - like or bumpy skin and a fixed gaze ( they cannot blink ) . skinks are sleek and shiny with scales that shed one at a time and that shine in the sun .

( green ) geckos are diurnal and tend to be tree - dwelling , and favour shrubland and forest habitats but have been found in tussock grasslands of otago and are known to occur in plantation forests .

geckos ( usually darker colours such as brown ) are nocturnal , and favour rocky outcrops , gullies with rock or log cover and sometimes forest .

geckos to the untrained eye . some individuals have a bight mustard - yellow crescent on the nape of the neck , and often also with blotches of the same colour along body and tail .

geckos can be brightly coloured and have a distinctive orange / yellow mouth lining . they have slender toes and tend to be arboreal and primarily nocturnal .

geckos are slender and elegant animals with distinctive stripes . they are strictly arboreal in habit and nocturnal .

is the single species in the tukutuku genus and this species is only found on stewart island where it is most commonly located in sub alpine scrub .

oligosoma skinks are both diurnal and nocturnal and and occur in diverse habitats from rocky and sandy shorelines , to forests , to subalpine habitats . nocturnal species tend to live in damp , thickly vegetated , lowland areas in northern new zealand .

lizards are critical for ecosystem processes ; they pollinate native plants and disperse native plant seeds through eating fruit .

predation by introduced mammals ( e . g . cats , rats , mustelids ) is the biggest threat posed to new zealand lizards , and lizards can become exceptionally abundant in the absence of mammalian predation . loss and / or fragmentation of habitat through development , habitat degradation by introduced browsing mammals ( e . g . pigs , livestock , deer , goats , possums ) , removal of logs and rocks , and excessive collecting also contribute to on - going declines of lizards over all parts of new zealand .

maintain wide and interconnected zones of potential lizard habitat , e . g . indigenous forest and shrubland , rocky gullies , cliffs and other distinctive habitat types .

raise awareness of staff and contractors of the presence of lizards and the need to protect them .

take photographs or write a detailed description when lizards are found . this can be used for later identification .

survey for lizards , particularly if first time planting is being considered for the area . note that planned surveys require a permit under the wildlife act ( contact doc for survey methods and permits ) .

electronic atlas of the amphibians & reptiles of new zealand ( doc website ) .

department of conservation . 2002 . the penguin guide to new zealand wildlife : native and introduced birds , mammals , reptiles and amphibians . auckland , penguin .

gill b . , whitaker a . 1996 . new zealand frogs and reptiles . auckland , bateman .

department of conservation , te ara , landcare research and the new zealand herpetological society websites .

you can copy this taxon into another guide . if you are one of the editors of this guide it should copy everything , but if you ' re not , it will only copy the licensed content .

david g chapple school of biological sciences , monash university , clayton victoria 3800 , australia allan wilson centre for molecular ecology and evolution , school of biological sciences , victoria university of wellington , p . o . box 600 , wellington 6140 , new zealand

bioweb herpetofauna database ( 2011 ) electronic atlas of the amphibians and reptiles of new zealand . available from urltoken atlas - of - the - amphibians - and - reptiles - of - nz / electronic - atlas / ( accessed 1 july 2011 )

boulenger , g . a . ( 1887 ) catalogue of the lizards in the british museum ( natural history ) . volume 3 . taylor and francis , london , 575 pp .

boulenger , g . a . ( 1906 ) descriptions of two new lizards from new zealand . annals and magazine of natural history , 17 , 369–371 .

bull , p . c . & whitaker , a . h . ( 1975 ) the amphibians , reptiles , birds , and mammals . in : kuschel , g . ( ed . ) , biogeography and ecology in new zealand , junk , the hague , pp . 231–76 .

buller , w . l . ( 1871 ) a list of the lizards inhabiting new zealand , with descriptions . transactions of the new zealand institute , 3 , 4–11 .

burt , c . e . & burt , m . d . ( 1932 ) herpetological results of the whitney south sea expedition . vi . pacific island amphibians and reptiles in the collection of the american museum of natural history . bulletin of the american museum of natural history , 63 , 461–597 .

chapple , d . g . , daugherty , c . h . & ritchie , p . a . ( 2008c ) comparative phylogeography reveals pre - decline population structure of new zealand cyclodina ( reptilia : scincidae ) species . biological journal of the linnean society , 95 , 388–408 .

dumeril , a . m . c . & bibron , g . ( 1836 ) erpetologie generate , ou , histoire naturelle complete des reptiles , vol . 3 . roret , paris , 525 pp .

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thanks to the friends of rotoiti volunteers , diana mcmahon , eric dumont , sirin gnadeberg and richard meutstege ; ingrid mcconchie for site access and genevieve taylor , kimberly parlane , tamsin bruce , sally leggett , petrina carter , grant harper , elena moltchanova , laura azzani , matt hanson , the department of conservation and friends of rotoiti for project support . our work was conducted under the following permits : department of conservation ( nm–29621–fau , we / 31544 - fau , we112 / res , we / 297 / res , we / 340 / res , we / 33952 / cap ) , university of canterbury animal ethics ( 2010 / 28r ) and victoria university of wellington ( 2003r16 - 06 , 2005r11 - 08 , 2008r14 , 2012r11 ) . the todd foundation award for excellence , federation of graduate women trust award , university of canterbury alumni association scholarship , the bayer boost scholarship and the university of canterbury part funded this research . we thank david towns for reviewing an earlier version of this chapter .

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urn : lsid : biodiversity . org . au : afd . taxon : 1bcf210d - 49c7 - 4257 - ae3f - 364891b059b0

urn : lsid : biodiversity . org . au : afd . taxon : 52f0706c - c2e3 - 4fdd - a4b9 - 13fe96cf7fc1

urn : lsid : biodiversity . org . au : afd . taxon : 8df70ad0 - adec - 4d39 - 88ff - 1f4007e6f765

urn : lsid : biodiversity . org . au : afd . taxon : 94116ad2 - 0516 - 4c71 - b249 - a354a9419650

urn : lsid : biodiversity . org . au : afd . taxon : 9d168502 - 6da8 - 44cd - b07f - ee22ff8bb2c9

urn : lsid : biodiversity . org . au : afd . taxon : 9e217232 - c347 - 4ce5 - 96c4 - 254ec9b17608

urn : lsid : biodiversity . org . au : afd . taxon : 8e950f5a - 5f33 - 48c0 - 887c - cee7d161deb9

urn : lsid : biodiversity . org . au : afd . name : 365824

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the rough bollworm ( earias perhuegeli ) is a moth of the nolidae family .

it is found in the northern two-thirds of australia and several islands in the south pacific .

the wingspan is about 20 mm .

the larvae feed on gossypium australe , gossypium populifolium , abutilon otocarpum , abelmoschus ficulneus , hibiscus trionum , hibiscus panduriformis , alyogyne hakeifolia and adansonia gregorii , and are considered a pest of gossypium hirsutum .

earias perhuegeli

earias perhuegeli <EOT> vouchers : mangaia : specimen + photo , 2007 / 2 , vaitate inland , g . mccormack with id from photo by j . dugdale as earias sp . and then by robert hoare as earias perhuegeli 2007 / 3 .

the caterpillars of this species feed on the young shoots , flowers , and seed pods of their foodplant . they are a pest on :

the adult moths are pale brown with arcs of dark spots across each forewing . the wingspan is about 2 cms . the species has been considered to be a variant of

melbourne university press , 1990 , fig . 48 . 8 , pp . 59 , 65 , 458 .

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common names : rough bollworm global distribution : native australia - marquesas ; n . to kiribati ; s . to rapa cook islands status : native ; s . group ( mangaia , so far ) ; n . goup - absent ; land

cook islands islands : rr = rarotonga , mg = mangaia , at = ‘ātiu , mk = ma‘uke , mt = miti‘āro , ak = aitutaki , pl = palmerston , pn = penrhyn , mn = manuae , tk = takūtea , tn = tongareva ( ts = tongaleva spoken , tw = tongareva written , they say " el " but write " r " ) , mh = manihiki , rk = rakahanga , pk = pukapuka , ns = nassau , sw = suwarrow . after a polynesian name : ^ = orthography query . countries and other : fij = fiji , wt = wallis & futuna , sam = samoa , ton = tonga , niu = niue , ck = cook islands , ckm = cook islands māori , fp = french polynesia , aus = australs , soc = societies , tah = tahiti , tua = tuamotus , mqs = marquesas , mng = mangareva , pit = pitcain group , eas = easter island , haw = hawai‘i , nz = new zealand , nzm = new zealand māori

references : special reference : holloway , j . d . 1977 : the lepidoptera of norfolk island : their biogeography and ecology . series entomologica 13 , 291pp .

mccormack , gerald ( 2007 ) cook islands biodiversity database , version 2007 . 2 . cook islands natural heritage trust , rarotonga . online at http : / / cookislands . bishopmuseum . org .

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