big game ( 1939 – 1963 ) was a british thoroughbred racehorse and sire .

in a career that lasted from april 1941 to october 1942 , the colt , who was owned by king george vi , ran nine times and won eight races .

he was the best british two-year-old colt of his generation in 1941 when he was unbeaten in five starts .

two further wins the following spring including the 2000 guineas at newmarket took his unbeaten run to seven , but he suffered his first defeat when odds-on favourite for the wartime " new derby " .

he won his only other race in the champion stakes before being retired to stud .

big game 's royal connections and racecourse success made him one of the most popular horses of his time .

big game ( horse )

big game ( horse ) <EOT> “you’re in the great game now . and the great game is terrifying . ”

bermuda ' s seasoned charter boats are always players on the big - game tournament circuit .

think of a horse . what color is the horse ? what is the horse doing ? where is the horse in relation to your cube ?

welcome to the xp system . phaedo82 made a video that explains it much better than we could in a big block of text , so big big thanks to him .

this article is about the comic book series . for the novel , see predator : big game ( novel ) .

horse trainer , lee freedman tells us what to look for in a winning horse .

chubeka trails is the trailing arm of big game parks , our flagship being horse trails on mlilwane wildlife sanctuary . mountain biking and hiking trail packages are soon to follow !

among the breeding experts , their names are ushered in almost reverential terms - ' the big d ' and ' the big g ' .

world cup champion 2012 flexible ' s dam sire safari xx is a grand son of big game via his dam . our 2 home bred flexible fillies out of a mezcalero - tb dam line are line bred to big game x 3 and nasrullah x 5 , nearco x 6 .

left it until now to pick your cup winner ? our experts have assessed every horse and favour this big money outsider .

other results of the behavior of the horse may describe your ideal partner metaphorically , examples from actual results are ; the horse is locked in a stable , the horse is eating the flowers , the horse is destroying the cube , the horse is on top of the cube , or even rarely , the horse is dead .

furthermore , bahram xx , the sire of big game xx , also sired persian gulf xx , grandsire of marlon xx , who had significant influence in holstein .

my game sets new track record at assiniboia downs . june 5 , 1968 .

farm heroes saga , the # 4 game on itunes . play it now !

it was an emotional time for elery as well . the only trainer that my game ever knew acknowledged that the tribute was the highlight of his racing career and proudly said that the big grey was the gamest horse he ever owned .

sherbenske family silks worn by ray correa aboard my game . on display at assiniboia downs .

predator : big game was first serialized and reprinted in the united kingdom in 7 parts in aliens magazine , vol . 1 # 8 - 14 , from september 1991 - march 1992 .

we have all this content in game which is unbalanced , broken , and unpolished . the game performs terribly relative to every other game in the world . we have a bunch of new stuff we want to add to the game : horse riding , electricity , caretakers . as fun as it is to work on new features like that , there comes a time where you need to sit down and fix and polish what you ' ve already done .

nfl game officials going through physical assessment this weekend . must pass in order to officiate in 2016

horse : the horse represents you lover or ideal lover . the distance between the horse and the cube represents the closeness you have with your current lover . if the horse is tied up , then it shows the need to be controlling in a relationship . if the horse has a saddle then you feel safe with them . if the horse is free and not saddled , it means you view your lover as uncontrollable , unpredictable .

in the predator comics line , predator : big game was preceded by predator : god ' s truth , published concurrently with the movie adaptation predator 2 , and was followed by predator : cold war .

jockey ray correa was his regular rider and said that my game was the speediest horse he ever rode . elery was the big grey ' s trainer and described him as awkward and clumsy when they bought him . people told them that they would never make a racehorse out of the grey , but elery was confident that my game would work out just fine , in time .

my game was a keeper . tks again to you and percy for your assistance with background information .

trump targets pfizer and big pharma for raising costs of prescription drugs after he vowed prices would . . .

the first non - movie - related predator story ever produced by dark horse comics , predator : big game is considered by many to be one of the best predator comics ever made to this day . its creative - successor , predator : bad blood , written by big game co - creator / artist evan dorkin , was similarly well received . each of the stories build around strongly developed central characters , are uncompromisingly bloody and build to action - heavy climaxes worthy of the film that inspired them .

it wasn ' t long before my game established himself as a money horse who was as consistent as they came . on june 5 , 1968 my game shattered the 9 - year - old track record for five furlongs at assiniboia downs . his time would stand for two years before rangatira would clip 2 / 5 of a second off my game ' s : 58 - second record .

my game may not have been a " great " horse , but he was exceptional and dominated his rivals , much to the delight of his legions of fans at the downs . tributes like the one the big grey gelding from north dakota received are rare , but it speaks to the popularity…

her enthusiasm for racing was fired when she accompanied her parents to see big game and sun chariot in training with fred darling at beckhampton during the second world war – sun chariot won three and big game another of the five classics in 1942 , and she was 23 when she had her first runner astrakhan , a present from the aga khan , who was second at ascot in october , 1949 . her first winner came over fences when monaveen , whom she shared with the queen mother , was successful at fontwell in the same month and it was that horse that gave her a first big race win at hurst park a short time later .

a playing horse means that your ideal partner does not take relationships too seriously .

a running horse means that your ideal partner may not always be around you .

my horse was walking calmly , but i guessed that meant " other " .

click here for a full photo gallery of the richest people in horse racing .

does anyone have any information on what the stallion big game would contribute to a sport horse pedigree . he was born in 1939 so obviously is a few generations back in any modern pedigree , but i have seen his name mentioned in the past as being a good influence , but never with an explanation why

big spurs si 104 , c . lady chimes by chimes band ( 4 wins to 4 , $ 123 , 463 2nd - new mexican spring futurity - g2 , 3rd - slm big daddy s . - g3 , etc . )

the big grey was one of those horses who didn’t take well to a life of leisure in a pasture . he loved to train and was born to run and elery quickly learned that retirement wasn ' t for my game .

baffert said no decision has been made on where game on dude will live out the rest of his years .

while predator : concrete jungle , predator : cold war and predator : dark river are referred to by the publisher as the " core dark horse predator graphic novels " , predator : big game is mentioned briefly in cold war # 2 as " . . . an incident down in new mexico . . . "

the main reason the brothers bought my game was because of his breeding . his father , djebe was the leading sire in england at the time and elery knew it was worth taking the time to bring my game around slowly .

think of an open field . imagine a field . describe the first vision you had , how big is this field ?

" you can look at a horse and know what he / she seems to be ; you can study the pedigree and know what the horse ought to be ; but only the offspring can tell you what horse really is . . . " redbud ranch

it was with the meadow’s “big red” that turcotte rode history into legend , guiding the chestnut colt to a horse of the year award at two – the first horse ever so honored - and then transcending that accomplishment with a three year old campaign that still inspires wonder in racing fans ' hearts .

from that basic structure cummings built the rest of photo finish horse racing ' s first iteration by himself , in the unity engine . in the game , a player creates and names a horse , trains it up , races it and earns money that funnels back into the training and breeding operation . while the overall aesthetic is a management simulation , there is some action to keep a user invested in the races , most of which last about 30 to 40 seconds . the goal , however , is to field a stable of winners as a big - time , big - shot horse owner , more than steer them , switch leads , move to the rail and other tactical decisions as a jockey . or as a horse .

the anticipation of the big horse coming and the workout that he turned in on the day before the race , in front of more than 15 , 000 horse lovers , gave one of the oldest and greatest racetracks in the world one of the most electric weeks in its 150 - year - plus history .

dutrow had a thing for fame and the big score , and he finally got it with big brown . the late - blooming bay colt was his first derby starter , and leading up to the race dutrow crowed that he had the winner , pledging that he would make a huge wager on big brown . he didn ' t bet much in the end , but he was right .

- - a horse that is capable of setting a track record is a nice touch .

big game is one of the most successful tb lines in fei level sport that i have found , but almost always through his daughters . if you add them all together , probably a couple of hundred or more of his descendants have fei level results .

every child dreams of riding a horse – and chubeka trails offers the perfect happy first experience .

a sleeping / sitting horse means that your ideal partner fully commits him / herself to you .

but for those closest to the horse , it was a crowning moment for an ethereal journey .

" i had my eyes on a tennis game , " another sport cummings doesn ' t play , " as something i thought i could get done very simply . but i had some concerns with the animations . the horse racing , i happened to find a few free assets , like a horse running , animated . "

“horse [ bleep ] , ” smith said when asked what the state of his game is inside a somber cavaliers locker room following golden state’s 103 - 82 victory that evened the nba finals at two games apiece on thursday night .

when trainer elery scherbenske escorted my game from the winner ' s circle the fans broke into spontaneous applause and a rousing cheer . as the big grey walked off the track they played " wish me luck as you wave me goodbye . " then my game inexplicably stopped dead in his tracks and gazed at the his crowd of admirers , it was as if he understood what all the fuss was about !

" the beauty of this game is it ' s not an exact science . they can come from anywhere , " he explains .

dellavedova , who has been pushed into starting duty in this series after kyrie irving suffered a fractured kneecap in game 1 , finishing game 4 with 10 points but on just 3 - for - 14 shooting , including 2 - for - 9 from 3 - point range .

the only australian - bred horse in the field , she’s impossible to ignore as a major player .

think of a cube . put a cube in the middle of your field . how big is the cube ? describe the surface of the cube .

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[ game of thrones special collectors edition : an unofficial guide to the most epic fantasy series in history . " hodor speaks " , page 58

france ' s alain wertheimer and his brother gerard , co - owners of fashion house chanel , are third generation horse owners and breeders . their thoroughbred business wertheimer et frere ( meaning wertheimer and brother ) has produced champs like goldikova , the only horse ever to win three breeders ' cup mile races . in 1993 , their horse kotashaan won american horse of the year , one of the sport ' s highest accolades .

unfortunately , because of a rift which split the walking horse ranks wide open , there are currently two horses which claim the title " world ' s grand champion walking horse . " one is last year ' s celebration winner , white star . the other is a gelding named sun ' s big shot which—because the tennessee walking horse breeders ' association does not endorse the celebration any more and crowns its own world champion at its own sponsored show a month later—is officially and sonorously titled " the only tennessee walking horse breeders ' association of america - recognized world ' s champion . "

there is . it ' s called photo finish horse racing , and cummings , the former creative director of the madden nfl franchise , makes it . he and two colleagues busted their asses to get an all - new version of the game , for ios and android , ready by this weekend , when interest in thoroughbred horse racing in the united states peaks .

big game ( gb ) b . h , 1939 { 6 - e } dp = 2 - 4 - 28 - 0 - 0 ( 34 ) di = 1 . 43 cd = 0 . 24 - 9 starts , 8 wins , 0 places , 0 shows career earnings : $ 23 , 487

in 2010 the portents suggested that aidan o’brien had another guineas winner in the form of st nicholas abbey , whilst richard hannon was hopeful of big runs from canford cliffs and dick turpin . in the event the race went the way of another french raider as makfi heralded the arrival of trainer mikael delzangles in the big time .

predator : big game is a four - issue limited comic book series that was first published by dark horse comics from march - june 1991 . it was written by john arcudi , illustrated by evan dorkin , inked by armando gil , colored by julia lacquement , lettered by kurt hathaway and edited by diana schutz , with cover art by chris warner . the comic was later adapted as a novel of the same name by sandy schofield .

big game baby ( usa ) gr / r . f , 2014 { 3 - n } dp = 9 - 3 - 12 - 0 - 0 ( 24 ) di = 3 . 00 cd = 0 . 88 - 16 starts , 4 wins , 0 places , 3 shows career earnings : $ 102 , 980

big game bob ( usa ) dkb / br . g , 2011 { 21 - a } dp = 2 - 2 - 2 - 0 - 0 ( 6 ) di = 5 . 00 cd = 1 . 00 - 33 starts , 10 wins , 6 places , 3 shows career earnings : $ 157 , 030

game of thrones brought us all to life with its first full trailer for season 6 , teasing a certain snow - y resurrection and plenty of new deaths for westeros . we couldn’t help but dive way deeper into each frame of footage . so what secrets of game of thrones season 6 were hidden in the flames ?

are there others ? of course , but we have to start somewhere . my game had all of the above , but he was no stakes horse . so was he " great ? " i guess he really didn ' t fit that mold , but he was exceptional !

as american phraroah’s popularity grew , his followers began tracking his flights , referring to the planes as air horse one .

swaps , the golden horse from the golden west , handily won the american derby on saturday and owner rex ellsworth exulted : & quot ; one of these days we ' ll have to turn him loose . & quot ; his chance and challenge come next week in the big race with nashua

i imagined a dead horse . . . the field is covered in dead wheat , extreme winds , a small ladder all rusted next to an old , worn buliding block , and a dead , black horse . well , that is lovely .

horses usually stand . they don ' t lie down very often , yet a standing horse wasn ' t a choice .

the terrain is steep in places following game or cattle paths , roads and riding cross - country . riders may be requested to dismount for the sake of their horses .

let’s just say this , there doesn’t appear to be any holding the ol’ boy back in his dotage . nope . as the dating game goes , american’s got talent .

sex , rugs , hocks and foals - welcome to a multi - billion pound world where breeding is the game and producing the winner of the derby is the aim .

the attention big brown had brought to the sport quickly turned negative . congress held a hearing on racing ' s problems ; dutrow was a no - show . months later , it came out that one of his horses had tested positive in a stakes race at churchill downs the day before big brown won the derby . he received a 15 - day suspension .

“there are things you can do to encourage a horse’s libido , ” said waldman . “but sometimes , well . . . ”

game on dude was bred by adena springs and was a $ 210 , 000 rna at the 2008 keeneland september yearling sale . he was then purchased privately by ernie kuehne .

the spring of big brown was a traveling circus , with the horse itself a sideshow . dutrow , the ringleader , was all of racing ' s problems bundled into one man . the owners , michael iavarone and richard schiavo , were portrayed as clever businessmen who proposed to change the game with a new way of investing in horses . but the real decision - maker in international equine acquisitions holdings was behind the scenes—a shadowy money man who ran an illegal investment fund in the virgin islands .

reporters liked dutrow as a person , but it was impossible to cheer for this partnership . no turfwriter i knew wanted to see big brown be the one to finally win the triple crown . i watched the belmont on a simulcast feed at a separate racetrack , and everybody nearby—the track ' s announcer , its publicity director , its official handicapper , and other insiders—whooped and hollered as big brown suffered a nightmare trip and was eased up in the stretch . others in the game confided not so privately that they were happy to see dutrow eat crow .

in the u . s . , excel communications founder kenny troutt is the most high - profile billionaire in the horse racing game thanks to an incredible year in 2010 . his colt super saver won the kentucky derby and his stallion drosselmeyer nabbed the belmont stakes . troutt owns winstar farm in versailles , kentucky .

only 11 horses had ever won the triple crown , and if big brown could do it , both dutrow and ieah would be immortalized . it would be the summit of anyone ' s career , but for both the horse and his connections the fall was swift and severe : a trainer banned for a decade ; a stable put out of business , its funding revealed as the spoils of a ponzi scheme . big brown was dead last at belmont . he didn ' t even cross the finish line .

if this was a movie , the screen would fade to black and the credits would roll , but it wasn ' t and my game ' s life wasn ' t over .

historian note : my thanks to elery ' s son , percy and my " go to guy " in minnesota , trevor monroe for their assistance on background information on my game .

we ' ve had notes in game for a long time , but they were just useless items . now you can write in them and leave them for other players to find .

a brown horse is the most common . it also means that you don ' t specifically look for something special in a partner .

my game ran all but one of his races at the entry level claiming ranks . he raced locally until 1972 when he reached the age of 12 , which was the mandatory retirement age for racehorses . at the time of his retirement my game had won half of his lifetime starts and he threw in three seconds and four third - place finishes for good measure .

" we did it , babe , " dutrow yelled to big brown ' s owners from across the third floor of the churchill downs grandstand . " did you bet ? did you bet ? "

then , in the greatest of ironies , ieah sold its interest in big brown only five days after dutrow ' s license was finally revoked . the only keepsake was that little sign at aqueduct .

" the only thing we didn ' t do last year was win the big games , " de bruyne , who set - up goals for strikers sergio aguero and gabriel jesus , told reporters .

the horse represents your ideal partner . it could be playing , running around , or is sleeping / sitting right next to your cube .

i understand that . american pharoah is the best horse i ever saw , and i don’t care if i ever cover another race again .

about the only winners are three chimneys farm and big brown , who is popular enough that he shuttles annually between the northern and southern hemispheres , satisfying his black book twice a day , for a $ 35 , 000 fee per foal . but even big brown is tainted—as dutrow and ieah fell , so did the stallion ' s stud fees , from a 2009 high of $ 65 , 000 .

british stayer purchased by australian connections for a tilt at the two big cups . twice a winner at 2000m and once at 2400m , this 5yo is yet to have a crack at the two miles .

but the success on the track—big brown ' s triple crown attempt , $ 11 million in earnings in 2008 , runner - up for owner of the year—was backed by unsustainable and ill - gotten funding .

goals by big ten freshman of the year bodil keus on a penalty corner in the 64th minute and by all - big ten first - team honoree linnea gonzales ( patterson mill ) in the 66th rallied maryland ( 15 - 6 ) to a 3 - 2 victory over second - seeded duke ( 17 - 4 ) on sunday in the ncaa quarterfinals in durham , n . c . . . .

scherbenske sold the gelding to ray goehring in 1973 who raced him where racing horses his age was permitted . at 13 , my game ' s record was three wins and a third from five starts . in 1974 , at 14 he registered a win , a second and two thirds again , from five starts . only now , father time was softly whispering my game ' s name .

the big grey didn ' t last long after being retired again and for the last time . my game passed away at his new trainer ' s home in south dakota just weeks later - he never made it to 15 . as for his original owners , elery , the older of the two brothers passed on july 25 , 2013 and marlow a few months later on december 31 , 2013 .

" the teaser is probably the most valuable horse on the farm but has the worst job in the world , " chuckles o ' rourke .

our guides are all trained in - house . most join us without horse or environmental knowledge . our training focuses on client care , quiet respectful horse handling , skillful trail riding and field knowledge . as a result , our guides enjoy hosting , sharing their knowledge and learning from our guests .

in the years that followed the civil war , walkers earned a reputation as easy - riding mounts , which has since culminated in their being called " world ' s greatest pleasure horse . " it wasn ' t until many years later , however , that any organization of the breed took place . then , in 1935 , several prominent owners of walkers banded together to protect the horse ' s bloodline and formed the tennessee walking horse breeders ' association . even so , the u . s . government did not officially recognize walking horses as a separate and distinct breed of light horse until 1949 .

the hope is that by saturday evening , your horse will have joined the epsom classic roll call that boasts champions like shergar and sea the stars .

the ride ended with big brown . the week after his derby win , the horse was sold as a stallion prospect to three chimneys for $ 50 million . ieah excised its one proven commodity from its proposed hedge fund , signaling that it would never get off the ground . how could it go public when that meant shareholders would learn where their money came from ?

this week we look back at the unlikely beginnings of one of the most consistent and capable platers to ever run at assiniboia downs - brothers , elery and marlow scherbenske ' s grey gelding , my game .

in the 142nd kentucky derby , post time in three - and - a - half hours , the favorite is nyquist at 2 - to - 1 . next best is exaggerator at 5 - to - 1 , and the darkhorse is mohaymen , 12 - to - 1 . ian cummings ' big bet is that a bunch of people will wonder , " hey , isn ' t there a video game for this ? "

he’s been ticking over nicely building up his fitness for the big two - miler but it’s hard to make a realistic argument for him having been dropped by grand marshal and who shot thebarman in the moonee valley cup .

rushing a horse back to the races is common , when all too often more time off is the answer , but a horse doesn ' t make any money when he ' s in his stall . so where is the balance ? well , the scherbenske brothers seemed to have all the right answers .

the criticism that game on dude ran mostly in california does not hold water , considering john henry , as well as horses like swaps , native diver , zenyatta , and lava man ran mostly in california and forego and kelso ran mostly in new york . and this was before the breeders ' cup and having every top horse in the country gunning for you .

when you think of hatzolah , you imagine ambulances , accidents , sick people - you don’t equate it with a fun youtube game that is going to inspire you not to text and drive at the same time .

few people doubted his horsemanship . he made unorthodox decisions and he won races with cast - offs , which made reporters wonder whether he was a genius or a cheater . his runners always looked great on the track , well - groomed , their coats shiny . " he ' s half - horse , " says new york trucking magnate paul pompa jr . , the original owner of big brown who in 2007 sold 75 percent of the horse to ieah for $ 3 million . " he cares more about the horses than himself . "

he rode whirlaway to triple crown honours in 1941 , and citation in 1948 . he established a record of $ 645 , 145 earned by one horse ( citation ) in a single season . in 1960–61 , at the end of his career , arcaro teamed with the horse kelso to win several major stakes . …

just four days remained before the kentucky derby , and jones made a last - ditch effort to resolve whirlaway’s problems . following the defeats in the blue grass stakes and the derby trial , he reasoned that eads was not the jockey for whirlaway in the big race . jones wanted an experienced jockey who he hoped would be able to control his horse and keep him on course . luckily ,

cummings pleaded with fleming and fleetwood to visit the ocala breeders ' sales track with him , next door to where they all live in central florida , and see the potential of horse racing as a video game . they booked a tour and rode around the grounds on a golf cart , saw guys " from every country , holding stopwatches and clipboards , wearing tracksuits and shit .

because of his two inexplicably poor efforts in the breeders ' cup classic ( gr . i ) , game on dude , despite his numerous historic achievements , has been one of racing ' s most under - appreciated horses .

it’s hard to argue with smith’s assessment after he went 2 - for - 12 in game 4 — including going 0 - for - 8 from 3 - point range — to continue a difficult finals for the former knick .

" at some point , an individual who continues to violate the rules of racing forfeits through his own actions the ability to be in the game , " martin wrote . " at some point , enough is enough . "

cummings admits he wasn ' t much of a horse racing fan before getting started on photo finish horse racing , which originally published late last summer under another name , derby king , which he built from scratch himself before his last employer , the daily fantasy site fanduel , closed an orlando office also filled with ea sports expatriates .

don’t forget me’s 1987 win was a second for richard hannon and came after an eleventh hour scare when the horse injured a foot on the morning of the race .

every year since 1939 the national celebration at shelbyville has provided the climax to the walker year when it crowns the " world ' s grand champion walking horse . "

one can hardly go wrong in sport horse breeding with any of such wonderful classic distance type of horses that had / have stamina and speed . urltoken urltoken urltoken urltoken

" it is who he is , " michael iavarone said after big brown ' s cakewalk in the preakness . " rick has a quirky confidence . he knows what he says is controversial , but i think he plays off it . "

including his game 4 clunker , smith is now 14 - for - 47 ( 29 . 8 percent ) shooting in the series , including a dreadful 7 - for - 28 ( 25 percent ) from 3 - point range .

these three titans of the turf earned their horse of the year titles based on body of work , and even when it came down to one big race in september or october , they had one , two , or at the most three really top - class stakes winners with whom to contend , not 10 or 11 foes , most of whom were grade i stakes horses , as game on dude has . the gelding ' s notable defeats all came after a tough campaign , in which he ran hard and fast every step of the way . but early in the year , when he was still fresh , he was nearly unbeatable .

last month , rodriguez went to the kentucky derby for the first time , with a horse named vyjack . kentucky officials decided to grant rodriguez a license , but with an unprecedented condition : vyjack must have around - the - clock video surveillance . he drew the outside post for the derby , same as big brown had five years earlier , but the outcome was poles apart . vyjack finished 18th of 19 horses .

- - at it ' s very core a unique balance of " skill and will " is a must . a horse should have the ability to run fast and the heart to run when the body is says it has had enough . does it really matter how fast a horse is , if they don ' t want to run ?

“there’s no knowing for sure how many years he’ll be at stud , but that’s a reasonable expectation , ” said ric waldman , a veteran in the horse breeding industry .

on saturday , he was back in kentucky , less than 30 miles from where he was born in 2012 , to prove that he was a horse for the ages .

and man , has american pharoah done that . i do not think i am in the minority when i say horse racing is an easy game to love and too often a hard one to like . horses are beautiful animals . the humans around them mostly are , but in thoroughbred racing particularly , the miscreants who drug them , mistreat them and trade them like commodities degrade the sport and create distrust .

officiating isn ' t terribly taxing on the body and it doesn ' t really require you to be in particularly good shape physically . of course , blandino doesn ' t know this because he ' s never officiated a football game at any level in his entire life . why the nfl would waste any time on this horse hockey when there are clearly bigger fish to fry is a mystery only blandino can explain .

in june , they could have taken their suitcase full of cash and sent american pharoah to the breeding shed , giving the flick to horse racing and to sports fans everywhere .

it has the edge over walking safaris , too . the horses provide a first - class viewing platform , meaning you can take in far more of the wildlife and landscape . and a calm horse reassures the jittery game animals . when it drops its head to graze , it signals to its fellow ruminants that it’s relaxed , and all is well with the world . which , sarah and i agree , it is .

bran discusses his dreams with osha as hodor prepares his horse . bran says that he dreamt that the sea came to winterfell , flooding the castle and killing his people and killing ser

all in all , the peculiar colt had mustered a successful year , with wins in three stakes events , which sportswriters acknowledged by voting him best two - year - old horse .

the horse could go in a relaxed and steady manner over soft ground not only at the flat - footed walk and running walk , but also at the canter . even at this gait the walking horse offered unusual smoothness in the saddle , having such a rolling , non - jarring motion that its canter came to be called the " rocking chair ride . "

for three years now the breeders ' association has been unable to see eye to eye with the way non - horse - owning professional promoters have run the celebration . but confusing as it may be to have two world ' s champions in the same sport , the walking horse fraternity has come to accept the oddity as just another part of its split personality .

kenny troutt ( left ) and co - owner bill casner celebrate their horse super saver ' s kentucky derby victory in 2010 . i mage by getty images north america via @ daylife

waldman for years managed the stud career of storm cat , among the most prolific stallions of the barnyard breeding game . at his peak , storm cat’s stud fee hit $ 500 , 000 , where it remained for six years , according to waldman .

still , last year , cummings scratched together something and showed it to friends . " i put the horse on the track and it had a whip mechanic and i asked , ' does this have any legs ? ' " well , yeah . four , in fact . " i searched the app store and found nothing for horse racing . it ' s total garbage .

a white horse means that your partner is well - tamed . you both value loyalty in a relationship and trust each other . however , it may get boring in the long run .

james tagliaferri punched iavarone ' s ticket from nickel - and - dime races to the big time . they met during a social encounter at a yankees game , according to the times . iavarone pitched tagliaferri on his hospital as a potential investment , and tagliaferri , who ran a highly regarded fund in connecticut , was intrigued . horses are illiquid assets , and the hospital would add a fixed income to ieah ' s portfolio . and with tagliaferri ' s cash , the quality of the horses they bought would set them apart .

they have and do , apparently . photo finish horse racing hovered around 1 , 000 installations for much of april . last week , that figure tripled , no doubt because this is the time people are thinking of the sport . it helps also that photo finish horse racing just pumped out a huge update and acquired a publisher , tilting point , adding heft to the overall product .

when x - rays were taken , it was discovered that bold ruler had been running with a two and a half inch bone splinter lodged in his tendon , and had probably been in a great deal of pain for some time . he had also suffered arthritis , nerve problems , torn back muscles , and a heart problem during his career . when the bone splinter was detected , the game horse was sent back to his birthplace to begin his stud career .

" the guys who have come in have a very physical quality , they are very strong , very pacy . they make the pitch big , that is a quality of them and it is difficult for the other teams , " the 26 - year - old belgium international added .

the biggest tennessee walking horse celebration ever—with some 700 horses entered—takes place this week ( aug . 29 - sept . 3 ) at shelbyville , tenn . the heart of the walking horse country and world . thousands of walking horse owners , breeders and exhibitors have jam - packed every hotel and rooming house for a 50 - mile radius , and for the next week they will think , talk , sleep and buy nothing else . for to those who own and love tennessee walking horses the annual celebration is an institution , which although only 16 years old is as traditional as the breed itself .

bold ruler wintered in florida that year , exchanging blows with calumet farm ' s incredibly talented gen . duke , often called the horse time has forgotten . many people believe that gen . duke was the fastest horse ever produced by calumet , and considering some of the other horses produced by the famous farm , the triple crown winners citation and whirlaway to name just two , this is quite a compliment .

a black horse means that your partner is unpredictable and dangerous . it also means you won ' t get bored with your relationship . your partner may also be the more dominant one in the relationship .

sunny day , grassy medow , horse playing / running around the trees outside the edge of the meadow just in view , daisies , in groups spaced out reachable but not near my small ice cube .

" as they came around tattenham corner , i could see the horse going very nicely and i remember thinking about a furlong out - ' i ' m going to have bred a derby winner ' .

part of the usa today sports media group bigblueinteractive sm provides news , analysis , and discussion on the new york football giants . this site is owned and operated by big blue interactive , llc . if you have any questions or comments about this website , please see our contact information page .

this trail is part of a 10 - day swaziland itinerary available on set dates only . day 8 , 9 and 10 include a vehicle - based safaris on hlane royal national park and mkhaya game reserve . should guests prefer to do the trail portion only , this is possible .

ieah began selling off its assets last year , including all its breeding shares in big brown . its very last horse was fantasy of flight , trained by michelle nevin , dutrow ' s longtime assistant , who sought her training license as soon as his suspension began . racing in the colors of co - owner sanford robbins—not ieah—fantasy of flight finished eighth in the grade 1 madison at keeneland on april 13 . ieah unloaded its final shares in fantasy of flight soon after . the stable has no more horses .

dutrow ' s personality wouldn ' t let him fly under the radar . in february 2012 he and ieah tried to enter a horse in a small stakes race at charles town in west virginia , but dutrow was told by track officials that without a license he wouldn ' t be allowed . the horse was entered , but under the name of tony dutrow , his brother . a quick investigation by charles town stewards revealed that the horse had never left rick ' s barn . they called tony and he admitted that he wasn ' t the trainer—he had never even laid eyes on the horse . " it was the kind of thing [ tony ] could get fined or even suspended for , " says one person who watched the farce unfold , " but it was as if tony welcomed it " so his brother might learn a lesson .

" they did the overpay - for - proven - talent model , " says jamie lamonica , the president of the lexington - based stallion company , who brokered the recent deal for three chimneys to buy out ieah ' s shares in big brown . " but they were certainly rewarded for it . "

in the books , old nan actually says the reason she thinks hodor is mentally disabled is because a horse kicked him in the head - though she may have just assumed this because he worked in the stables .

" epsom is the complete test of a horse . they need balance , speed and stamina . it ' s uphill , downhill , sideways . it ' s a very intense atmosphere , " says the trainer .

" mrs . phipps was out at the gap to get him [ bold ruler ] and lead him down that silly victory lane they had there . and she must have weighed all of ninety pounds , and here is this big young stud horse - and she walked right up to him and held out her hand , and he just settled right down and dropped his head so she could get ahold of the chin strap , and bold ruler just walked like an old cow along that lane and she wasn ' t putting any pressure on him to quiet him down or make him be still . it was one of the most amazing sights i ' ve ever seen . it was incredible to me because anyone else reaching for that horse - and he was hot ! - you ' d have had to snatch him or he ' d throw you off your feet or step all over you . but not with her . for her he was just a real chivalrous prince of a colt . he came back to her and stopped all the monkeyshines , ducked down his head and held out his chin , and here was this little old lady with a big young stud horse on the other end and he was just as gentle as he could be . "

the complete comic was released digitally through dark horse digital on march 6 , 2013 , collected with predator : god ' s truth and reusing chris warner ' s cover art from issue 2 , recolored by dan jackson .

more and more , as american life pushes outward toward suburbs and country living , the pleasure horse is returning as an unequalled form of recreation and exercise . with its characteristic bobbing head , high - stepping front action and long , deep - striding hing legs , the tennessee walking horse is being seen on trails across the nation , far from its native tennessee—but still as southern as hush - puppies , catfish and black - eyed peas .

“horseracing is a very fickle game . you’re only as good as your last winner and as quickly as you come out on your feet , you can get knocked back just as quickly . i have a job i love with a family who support me , and i couldn’t wish for anything better . ”

in the next 4 - 5 months , if all goes the way of the proud expectant parents , pharoah and the long list of fine ladies with whom he became acquainted with briefly last spring will bring to the world more than 200 foals . nearly one birth per day . that’s a lotta hay , big fella .

when ranking game on dude among the greatest geldings , it is his accomplishments that must be considered more than his defeats . kelso , forego , and john henry—arguably the three greatest geldings of our time , or perhaps of all time—lost 91 races among them . in kelso ' s horse of the year clinching races , whether it was the woodward stakes , jockey club gold cup , or washington d . c . international , he faced an average of 6 . 3 opponents , not all of them top - quality stakes horses .

, the only horse ever to win three runnings of the santa anita handicap ( gr . i ) , has been retired after compiling earnings of nearly $ 6 . 5 million , trainer bob baffert announced sept . 18 .

showed plenty of ability as a younger horse in ireland but his three australian wins have been against largely moderate opposition . is yet to finish in the money in three starts at flemington and i’m not sure big memory / pemberley formlines will be enough here . his last flemington distance race was when beaten 4 . 7l real love / dandy gent as the $ 2 . 20f in the roy higgins quality ( 2600m ) — that doesn’t inspire either ( although he did race keen in the lead that day ) . just making up the numbers here .

i can immediately see the beauty of watching game from the back of another animal . you are never this close to nature , physically or spiritually , on a mechanised safari . in a car , you’re an intruder , isolated from the world by glass and steel . here , you’re part of the landscape .

kuehne said he had no regrets selling him . " we thought he was a good horse , but to be honest with you , after mike had him at the training center in ocala , he felt he wouldn ' t handle off going , " he recalled . " he didn ' t think he was a grass horse and he didn ' t think he ' d handle a synthetic surface . and on top of that he was a gelding .

it was wall street come to the backstretch , and completely foreign to an old - fashioned and slow - moving game . unpredictable , too ; would daily share price dictate a stable ' s decision - making ? profits on the track are impossible to time or predict , if they ever come at all . insiders thought it was ludicrous . every year , owners put $ 2 billion into a game that spits out only $ 1 billion in purses . were these guys so good at picking out horses , dutrow so good at training them , that they could guarantee regular profits , month after month , year after year ?

you can ask just the basic questions or choose to go into more detail and ask about the colors of the cube , ladder , horse , storm , and flowers . below is a list of colors and what each means .


lates mariae , the bigeye lates , is a species of lates perch native to lake tanganyika and from the lualaba drainage in the democratic republic of the congo .

juveniles inhabit inshore habitats while adults inhabit benthic environments in deeper waters , being the top predator at depths of 100 metres ( 330 ft ) and greater .

it is known to make diurnal migrations to surface waters to prey on pelagic fishes .

this species can reach a length of 80 centimetres ( 31 in ) tl .

this species is commercially important and is also popular as a game fish .

bigeye lates

bigeye lates <EOT> how can i put and write and define bigeye lates in a sentence and how is the word bigeye lates used in a sentence and examples ? 用bigeye lates造句 , 用bigeye lates造句 , 用bigeye lates造句 , bigeye lates meaning , definition , pronunciation , synonyms and example sentences are provided by ichacha . net .

" " ' lates mariae " " ' , the " ' bigeye lates " ' , is a species of lates perch native to lake tanganyika and from the commercially important and is also popular as a game fish .

wikipedia article copyright notice : this article is licensed under the gnu free documentation license . it uses material from the wikipedia article " bigeye lates " .

facts summary : the bigeye lates ( lates mariae ) is a species of concern belonging in the species group " fishes " and found in the following area ( s ) : burundi , democratic republic of congo ( zaire ) , tanzania , zambia .

glenn , c . r . 2006 . " earth ' s endangered creatures - bigeye lates facts " ( online ) - licensed article from wikipedia : the free encyclopedia . accessed

coulter , g . w . , 1976 . the biology of lates species in lake tanganyika , and the status of the pelagic fishery for lates species and luciolates stapersii . j . fish biol . 9 : 235 - 259 . ( ref . 2216 )

freshwater ; demersal ; depth range ? - 75 m ( ref . 36901 ) . tropical ; 3°s - 9°s

africa : lake tanganyika ( ref . 2216 , 36901 ) ; widely distributed throughout the lake ( ref . 36901 ) . in the lukuga river ( lake tanganyika outflow ) , known up to niemba ( ref . 93587 ) . in the malagarazi river , known from the delta and the lower reaches ( ref . 54847 ) .

maturity : l m 45 . 5 range ? - ? cm max length : 80 . 0 cm tl male / unsexed ; ( ref . 3636 )

juveniles live in a specific inshore habitat until they reach 18 cm , thereafter they adopt a benthic habitat moving into deep water ( ref . 2216 ) . juveniles have been observed near or in affluent rivers ( ref . 36901 ) . top predator in depths below 100 m ; exploits both fishes and invertebrates ; migrate diurnally to surface to feed on pelagic clupeids ; highly susceptible to intensive fishing ( ref . 2216 ) .

phylogenetic diversity index ( ref . 82805 ) : pd 50 = 0 . 5006 [ uniqueness , from 0 . 5 = low to 2 . 0 = high ] .

bayesian length - weight : a = 0 . 00933 ( 0 . 00563 - 0 . 01547 ) , b = 3 . 01 ( 2 . 86 - 3 . 16 ) , in cm total length , based on lwr estimates for this species & genus - body shape ( ref . 93245 ) .

trophic level ( ref . 69278 ) : 4 . 2 ±0 . 69 se ; based on food items .

resilience ( ref . 69278 ) : low , minimum population doubling time 4 . 5 - 14 years ( tmax = 12 - 13 ) .

vulnerability ( ref . 59153 ) : moderate vulnerability ( 40 of 100 ) .

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thank you for taking the time to provide feedback on the iucn red list of threatened species website , we are grateful for your input .

gland , switzerland , 5 july 2018 ( iucn ) – australia’s unique reptiles – including lizards and snakes – face severe threats from invasive species and climate change , with 7 % of th . . .

the value of medicinal and aromatic plant trade has increased three - fold in the past 20 years , but traditional harvesting practices are being replaced by less sustainable alternatives . . . .

a recently released iucn technical brief recommends increasing investments in sustainable land management practices , as well as better cooperation between agriculturalists and conservationists to conse . . .

snoeks , j . ( freshwater fish red list authority ) & darwall , w . ( freshwater biodiversity assessment programme )

justification : endemic to lake tanganyika where fisheries catches have declined by more than 50 % in the last 20 years due to heavy fishing . sedimentation inshore is a threat to habitat for juveniles . with an estimated generation time of 1 . 4–4 . 4 years ( fishbase ) the time period for decline is around 10 years . it is estimated that a decline of 30 % of 10 years is probable .

endemic to lake tanganyika where it also enters the deltas of major rivers including the rusizi and malagarasi .

adults found in bentho - pelagic and littoral zones in the lake . juveniles are found in lake ' s littoral zone , marginal macrophytes beds and lower parts of rivers .

to make use of this information , please check the < terms of use > .

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disclaimer : itis taxonomy is based on the latest scientific consensus available , and is provided as a general reference source for interested parties . however , it is not a legal authority for statutory or regulatory purposes . while every effort has been made to provide the most reliable and up - to - date information available , ultimate legal requirements with respect to species are contained in provisions of treaties to which the united states is a party , wildlife statutes , regulations , and any applicable notices that have been published in the federal register . for further information on u . s . legal requirements with respect to protected taxa , please contact the u . s . fish and wildlife service .

html public " - / / w3c / / dtd xhtml 1 . 1 / / en " " urltoken "

pd 50 = 0 . 5006 many relatives ( e . g . carps ) 0 . 5 - 2 . 0 few relatives ( e . g . lungfishes )

this article is only an excerpt . if it appears incomplete or if you wish to see article references , visit the rest of its contents here .

not too many people think of or even understand how much littering can actually impact our planet . something as simple as holding onto your trash until you can throw it away properly can have a huge impact on conservation , preservation , and our planet .

here are some photos that we thought you should take a look at that we hope will make you think twice before littering .

list of all endangered animals . list of all endangered plants . list of all endangered species ( animals & plants ) . by species group ( mammal , birds , etc ) . . . united states endangered species list . browse by country , island , us state . . . search for an endangered species profile .

are you inspired by endangered animals ? check out our games and coloring pages ! more to come soon .

urn : lsid : catalogueoflife . org : taxon : 322c1faa - 4e2c - 11e8 - 9ed0 - fa163e792e6e : col20180626

urn : lsid : catalogueoflife . org : taxon : 322c42d7 - 4e2c - 11e8 - 9ed0 - fa163e792e6e : col20180626

urn : lsid : catalogueoflife . org : taxon : 3234f3f4 - 4e2c - 11e8 - 9ed0 - fa163e792e6e : col20180626

urn : lsid : catalogueoflife . org : taxon : 32421473 - 4e2c - 11e8 - 9ed0 - fa163e792e6e : col20180626

urn : lsid : catalogueoflife . org : taxon : 345ea2c9 - 4e2c - 11e8 - 9ed0 - fa163e792e6e : col20180626

froese r . & pauly d . ( eds ) . ( 2018 ) . fishbase ( version feb 2018 ) . in : roskov y . , abucay l . , orrell t . , nicolson d . , bailly n . , kirk p . m . , bourgoin t . , dewalt r . e . , decock w . , de wever a . , nieukerken e . van , zarucchi j . , penev l . , eds . ( 2018 ) . species 2000 & itis catalogue of life , 30th june 2018 . digital resource at urltoken species 2000 : naturalis , leiden , the netherlands . issn 2405 - 8858 .

urn : lsid : catalogueoflife . org : taxon : 75e88168 - 4e2c - 11e8 - 9ed0 - fa163e792e6e : col20180626

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confused by a class within a class or an order within an order ? please see our brief essay .

to cite this page : myers , p . , r . espinosa , c . s . parr , t . jones , g . s . hammond , and t . a . dewey . 2018 . the animal diversity web ( online ) . accessed at https : / / animaldiversity . org .

disclaimer : the animal diversity web is an educational resource written largely by and for college students . adw doesn ' t cover all species in the world , nor does it include all the latest scientific information about organisms we describe . though we edit our accounts for accuracy , we cannot guarantee all information in those accounts . while adw staff and contributors provide references to books and websites that we believe are reputable , we cannot necessarily endorse the contents of references beyond our control .

this material is based upon work supported by the national science foundation grants drl 0089283 , drl 0628151 , due 0633095 , drl 0918590 , and due 1122742 . additional support has come from the marisla foundation , um college of literature , science , and the arts , museum of zoology , and information and technology services .

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; sötvatten bottenlevande ; djupintervall ? - 75 m ( ref . 36901 ) . tropical , preferred ? ; 3°s - 9°s

maturity : l m 45 . 5 range ? - ? cm max length : 80 . 0 cm tl hane / ej könsbestämd ; ( ref . 3636 )


scinax altae is a species of frog in the family hylidae .

it is endemic to panama where it occurs in the pacific lowlands between the chiriquí province in the west and panamá province in the east .

the type series was collected by emmett reid dunn and his wife from " summit " in the panama canal zone in 1932 .

scinax altae

scinax altae <EOT> scinax altae ( a new combination ) was recognized as a species distinct from s . staufferi by duellman ( 2001 ) .

iucn ssc amphibian specialist group 2015 . scinax altae . the iucn red list of threatened species 2015 : e . t55925a54348119 . urltoken

this species was described by lutz ( 1973 ) and was subsequently thought to be a subspecies of scinax catherinae . scinax alcatraz was removed from synonymy with scinax catharinae by peixoto ( 1988 ) .

hyla staufferi altae — león , 1969 , univ . kansas publ . mus . nat . hist . , 18 : 540 .

scinax altae — duellman and wiens , 1992 , occas . pap . mus . nat . hist . univ . kansas , 151 : 21 ( taxonomic change without discussion ) ; duellman , 2001 , hylid frogs middle am . , ed . 2 : 854 .

calls of two brazilian species of scinax of the s . ruber clade ( anura : hylidae )

the complex vocalization of scinax cardosoi ( anura : hylidae ) , with comments on advertisement calls in the s . ruber clade

jennifer hammock added an association between " belizean pine forests habitat " and " scinax staufferi ( cope , 1865 ) " .

for discussion ( as hyla staufferi altae ) see duellman , 1970 , monogr . mus . nat . hist . univ . kansas : 199–200 . in the scinax staufferi group . in the scinax ruber clade , unassigned to group , of faivovich , haddad , garcia , frost , campbell , and wheeler , 2005 , bull . am . mus . nat . hist . , 294 : 97 . köhler , 2011 , amph . cent . am . : 262–264 , provided a brief summary of natural history and identification key for the species of scinax in central america and provided a range map and photograph for this species .

scinax alcatraz is one of a number of species currently recognized in the s . perpusillus group ( including s . alcatraz , s . arduous , s . atratus , s . belloni , s . faivovichi , s . littoreus , s . melloi , scinax peixotoi , s . perpusillus

c . michael hogan marked the classification from " species 2000 & itis catalogue of life : april 2013 " as preferred for " scinax staufferi ( cope , 1865 ) " .

hyla altae dunn , 1933 , occas . pap . boston soc . nat . hist . , 8 : 61 . holotype : mcz 17972 , by original designation . type locality : " summit , panama canal zone " , panama . synonymy by taylor , 1952 , univ . kansas sci . bull . , 35 : 863 .

we describe a new species of the hylid frog genus scinax from the peruvian upper amazonian lowlands ( area of iquitos , region loreto , peru ) . the new species belongs to the scinax ruber clade and differs from all its members by having the dorsal skin slightly to coarsely shagreen , by lacking conspicuous ulnar and tarsal tubercles , and in life by having a distinct light olive - green coloration on dorsum , bright yellow flanks with distinct black spots , black posterior surfaces of thighs , and gold to bronze iris .

. . . one exception is the lowland rainforest bordered by the ucayali , amazon , yavarí , and blanco rivers ( fig . 1 ) . in recent years , surveys have uncovered several new species : scinax iquitorum ( moravec et al . 2009 ) , . . .

barrio - amorós , c . l . , orellana , a . & chacón , a . , 2004 . - a new species of scinax ( anura : hylidae ) from the andes of venezuela . j . herpetol . 38 ( 1 ) : 105 - 112 .

. . . the species scinax fuscomarginatus and s . madeirae ( recently removed from the synonymy of s . fuscomarginatus by brusquetti et al . , 2014 ) are phylogenetically closely related and morphologically similar species that offers a unique framework to study evolution and speciation processes . scinax fuscomarginatus has a wide distribution in open landscapes of south america , from the venezuelan , guianan and suriname lowlands throughout north and northwest brazil reaching the north of argentina , while s . madeirae is more restricted , occupying eastern amazonia ( state of rondônia , brazil ) and eastern bolivia ( brusquetti et al . , 2014 ) . . . .

a new species of scinax is described from the valleys of the argentine and bolivian andes . it is phenotypically intermediate between s . fuscovaria and s . nasica , differing from both of them by its size and mating call . / / / se describe una especie nueva de scinax procedente de los valles andinos argentinos y bolivianos , la cual presenta un fenotipo intermedio entre s . fuscovaria y s . nasica , pero difiere por su tamaño y sobre todo por su canto . considerando que la actual validez de algunos grupos de especies es muy dudosa , no se establece adscripción de la nueva especie a ninguno de ellos .

. . . promptly distinguishes the new species from larger species like scinax acuminatus , s . castroviejoi , s . eurydice , s . dolloi , s . fuscovarius , s . hayii , s . iquitorum , s . perereca , and s . sateremawe ( combined svl 34 . 0 - 52 . 0 ; see bokermann 1968 ; lutz 1973 ; cei 1980 ; de la riva 1993 ; pombal et al . 1995b ; moravec et al . 2009 ; pugliese et al . 2009 ; sturaro & peloso 2014 ) ; and from smaller species like s . altae , s . cabralensis , s . exiguus , s . fuscomarginatus , s . madeirae , and s . villasboasi ( combined svl 15 . 7 - 26 . 7 ; see duellman 1970 ; duellman 1986 ; drummond et al . 2007 ; brusquetti et al . 2014 ) . . . .

. . . see bokermann 1968 ; lutz 1973 ; cei 1980 ; de la riva 1993 ; pombal et al . 1995b ; moravec et al . 2009 ; pugliese et al . 2009 ; sturaro & peloso 2014 ) ; and from smaller species like s . altae , s . cabralensis , s . exiguus , s . fuscomarginatus , s . madeirae , and s . villasboasi ( combined svl 15 . 7 - 26 . 7 ; see duellman 1970 ; duellman 1986 ; drummond et al . 2007 ; brusquetti et al . 2014 ) . . . .

. . . as presently defined , the neotropical tree - frog scinax wagler , 1830 represents the second most species - rich ( 97 spp . ) genus within hylidae ( frost , 2009 ; moravec et al . , 2009 ; pugliese et al . , 2009 ) and recent phylogenetic studies ( morphologic and molecular ) have supported it as monophyletic group ( faivovich , 2002 ; faivovich et al . , 2005 ; salducci et al . , 2005 ) . species of scinax occur from southern mexico to east - central argentina , and are known from almost all major tropical and subtropical ecosystems within this region ( faivovich , 2002 ; frost , 2009 ) . . . .

. . . two species groups are recognized in the s . ruber clade—the s . rostratus and the s . uruguayus groups ; several other species remain unassigned to either of the species groups ( faivovich et al . 2005 ) . vocalizations ( particularly advertisement calls ) have supplemented species - level diagnoses in scinax ( de la riva 1993 , nunes et al . 2012 ) . scinax cardosoi ( carvalho - e - silva and peixoto 1991 ) was described from teresópolis ( rio de janeiro state ) and domingos martins ( espírito santo state ) , southeastern brazil , and is assigned to the s . ruber clade ( sensu faivovich et al . 2005 ) . . . .

. . . with nearly 70 currently recognized species , the genus scinax wagler , 1830 represents one of the most species - rich hylid genera in the neotropics . nevertheless , an increasing rate of new scinax species recognition in the few last years ( e . g . , fouquet et al . 2007 , brusquetti et al . 2014 sturaro and peloso 2014 ; araujo - vieira et al . 2015 ; araujovieira et al . 2016 ; juncá et al . 2015 ; ferrão et al . 2016 ) indicates that our knowledge of the actual species diversity in this genus is still very incomplete . similarly , despite an intensive research in the last decades ( e . g . . . .

. . . l . gonzales col . scinax castroviejoi de la riva , 1993 mnk a - 509 – paratipo : laguna de bermejo , provincia florida , departamento santa cruz , bolivia ( 18º 07 ' s y 63º 38 ' o , 1130 msnm ) . i . de la riva , c . tapia y j . ledezma cols . . . .

scinax alcatraz is a large - sized member of the s . perpusillus group ( males : 19 . 7–24 . 4 mm svl ; females 27 . 0–29 . 8 mm svl ) . like all members of the s . perpusillus group , s . alcatraz has extremely reduced webbing between toes ii and iii ( peixoto 1987 ) . the dorsal skin texture is smooth or has some scattered pustules ( faivovich et al . 2010 ) . hidden surfaces of limbs have yellow coloration ( leão 1950 ) . most scinax alcatraz have dorsal markings but some individuals do not ( faivovich et al . 2010 ) . inguinal glands are visible ( and present in both males and females ) , a character shared with s . perpusillus group members s . belloni and s . littoreus ( faivovich et al . 2010 ) . males have glandular nuptial pads ( faivovich et al . 2010 ) .

a new species of the scinax ruber clade is described from municipality of barra do garcas , state of mato grosso , brazil . it is diagnosed by its size ( svl 29 . 4 - 35 . 4 mm in males ) ; dorsum with a background that varies from light and dark gray to dark brown , with round and irregular dark blotches ; hidden surfaces of thigh and shank light or dark brown , with lighter , large and irregular blotches . . . [ show full abstract ]

. . . the distribution pattern of amphibian species within biomes in alagoas matches with the known range of each species with the exception of scinax fuscomarginatus . although this species has been recorded only for two locations ( coruripe and passo de camaragibe municipalities ) in alagoas ' atlantic forest ( table 1 ) , it has a wide distribution ( leite jr . et al . , 2008 ; brusquetti et al . , 2014 ) . some species in our list are taxonomically uncertain and await more detailed systematic study . . . .

. . . the vocal sac single , median , subgular , and ventrally not reaching the pectoral region differentiates the new species from s . baumgardneri , s . exiguus , s . fuscomarginatus , s . madeirae , s . manriquei , s . staufferi , s . villasboasi , and s . wandae ( large vocal sacs that reach the anterior pectoral region ; barrio - amor ? s et al . 2004 ; brusquetti et al . 2014 ) ; and s . camposseabrai , s . karenanneae , and s . sateremawe ( bilobed vocal sacs ; pyburn 1993 ; caramaschi & cardoso 2006 ; sturaro & peloso 2014 ) . scinax rossaferesae sp . . . .

. . . an examination of the holotype of hyla rubra inconspicua shows that it differs by the presence of small tubercles on the head , dorsum and limbs including the tarsal area ( see moravec et al . 2009 ) . the new species differs from s . iquitorum ( fig . 4b ) by snout truncate in dorsal view ( bluntly rounded ) , dentigerous processes of vomers triangular ( transverse ) , presence of conspicuous dark brown spots on dorsum ( small dark brown dots concentrated only on head and in areas of scapular and sacral blotches ) , light brown flanks with or without dark brown spots ( bright yellow flanks with numerous distinct round black spots ) , and by white long bones of hindlimbs ( green ; moravec et al . 2009 ) . scinax onca sp . . . .

. . . the snout , subovoid in dorsal view and slightly acuminate in profile of scinax rossaferesae sp . nov . , differs it from s . crospedospilus ( elongate in dorsal view ; lutz 1973 ) , s . nasicus , s . similis ( round in dorsal view and in profile in these species ) , s . squalirostris ( much more elongate in dorsal view and much more acuminate in profile ; lutz 1973 ) , and s . fuscomarginatus , and s . rogerioi ( protruding in profile in these species ; pugliese et al . 2009 ; brusquetti et al . 2014 ) . also , it differs from s . nasicus and s . similis by having longer shanks ( tl / svl = 0 . 50 - 0 . 53 in the new species , n = 11 ; tl / svl = 0 . 43 - 0 . 48 , . . .

. . . the snout , subovoid in dorsal view and slightly acuminate in profile of scinax rossaferesae sp . nov . , differs it from s . crospedospilus ( elongate in dorsal view ; lutz 1973 ) , s . nasicus , s . similis ( round in dorsal view and in profile in these species ) , s . squalirostris ( much more elongate in dorsal view and much more acuminate in profile ; lutz 1973 ) , and s . fuscomarginatus , and s . rogerioi ( protruding in profile in these species ; pugliese et al . 2009 ; brusquetti et al . 2014 ) . also , it differs from s . nasicus and s . similis by having longer shanks ( tl / svl = 0 . 50 ? 0 . 53 in the new species , n = 11 ; tl / svl = 0 . 43 ? 0 . 48 , n = 20 in s . nasicus , and tl / svl = 0 . 45 ? 0 . 48 in s . similis , n = 19 ) . . . .

< mods xmlns : xlink = " urltoken " version = " 3 . 0 " xmlns : xsi = " urltoken " xmlns = " urltoken " xsi : schemalocation = " urltoken urltoken " > < titleinfo > < title > the systematics of the frogs of the hyla rubra group in middle america < / title > < / titleinfo > < name > < namepart > le & # 243 ; n , j r < / namepart > < / name > < typeofresource > text < / typeofresource > < genre authority = " marcgt " > < / genre > < note type = " content " > 18 < / note > < relateditem type = " host " > < titleinfo > < title > university of kansas publications , museum of natural history . < / title > < / titleinfo > < origininfo > < place > < placeterm type = " text " > lawrence , < / placeterm > < / place > < publisher > university of kansas . < / publisher > < / origininfo > < part > < detail type = " volume " > < number > 18 < / number > < / detail > < extent unit = " pages " > < start > 505 < / start > < end > 545 < / end > < / extent > < date > 1969 < / date > < / part > < / relateditem > < identifier type = " uri " > urltoken < / identifier > < identifier type = " doi " > 10 . 5962 / bhl . part . 19991 < / identifier > < accesscondition type = " useandreproduction " > in copyright . digitized with the permission of the rights holder . < / accesscondition > < / mods >

@ article { bhlpart19991 , title = { the systematics of the frogs of the hyla rubra group in middle america } , journal = { university of kansas publications , museum of natural history . } , volume = { 18 } , copyright = { in copyright . digitized with the permission of the rights holder . } , url = urltoken publisher = { lawrence , university of kansas . } , author = { león , j r } , year = { 1969 } , pages = { 505 - - 545 } , }

ty - jour ti - the systematics of the frogs of the hyla rubra group in middle america t2 - university of kansas publications , museum of natural history . vl - 18 ur - urltoken pb - university of kansas . cy - lawrence , py - 1969 sp - 505 ep - 545 do - 10 . 5962 / bhl . part . 19991 sn - 0075 - 5036 au - león , j r er -

biodivlibrary @ jzed _ trees @ kew _ laa awesome ! we ' re so honored to have this treasure in # bhlib . thanks @ kew _ laa ! now we can enjoy p… urltoken

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subhumid pacific lowlands of panama from concepción , chiriquí province , to chepo in the lower bayano valley , panamá province , panama , below 700 m elevation .

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frost , d . r . 2015 . amphibian species of the world : an online reference . version 6 . 0 . new york , usa . available at : urltoken .

justification : listed as least concern since it is common and adaptable with a presumed large population .

this species is a panamanian endemic of the western pacific lowlands , azuero peninsula , central panama , and pacific lowlands .

it occurs in xeric , scrubby forest and in savannahs . it can occur in artificial habitats and presumably breeds in temporary ponds .

although there are no specific conservation measures in place , the species has been recorded from at least one protected area ( parque nacional altos de campana ) . further research is needed into the range , ecology and potential conservation measures .

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listed as least concern since it is common and adaptable with a presumed large population .

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department of zoology , national museum , 115 79 praha 1 , czech republic .

jacinto , region loreto , peru . photograph by w . e . duellman .

lopez , region loreto , peru . photograph by w . e . duellman .

natural ( santiago , chile ) 9 , no . 102 , 2 unnumbered pp .

ithaca , new york , xvi + 1159 , plates 1 - 92 ( 2 volumes ) .

org / herpetology / amphibia / index . php . ( 15 july , 2008 )

vitter - hets samhalles handligar ( 6 ) 1b ( 4 ) : 1 - 71 .

brazil : gnm 478 ( syntype ) : state of amazonas : vicinity of manaus .

peru : gnm 480 ( holotype ) : region de san martín : roque .

region loreto : explorama lodge , junction rio yanamono and rio amazonas , 180 m .

200 m ; voucher photo nmp6f 7 : region loreto , rio curaray , 01°45’40”s , 075°04’11”w .

mendras ) ; nmp6v 71151 : 23 km sw of iquitos : sacha mama ; nmp6v 71266 / 1 - 2 : 31 km sw of iquitos .

39363 : rio tambopata : zfmk 39366 : aguajalito ; rio tambopata : tres chimbadas .

71145 : 23 km sw of iquitos : sacha mama ; nmp6v 71265 : 31 km sw of iquitos .

. . . according to the original description , h . depressiceps differs from the new taxon in having black and whitish marbled limbs . an examination of the holotype of hyla rubra inconspicua shows that it differs by the presence of small tubercles on the head , dorsum and limbs including the tarsal area ( see moravec et al . 2009 ) . the new species differs from s . iquitorum ( fig . 4b ) by snout truncate in dorsal view ( bluntly rounded ) , dentigerous processes of vomers triangular ( transverse ) , presence of conspicuous dark brown spots on dorsum ( small dark brown dots concentrated only on head and in areas of scapular and sacral blotches ) , light brown flanks with or without dark brown spots ( bright yellow flanks with numerous distinct round black spots ) , and by white long bones of hindlimbs ( green ; moravec et al . 2009 ) . . . .

. . . there are seven available names in the synonymy of s . ruber : hyla conirostris peters , 1863 ( type locality " surinam " ) , hyla lateristriga spix , 1824 ( type locality : brazil , by implica - tion ) , hyla lineomaculata werner , 1899 ( type locality " arima , trinidad " ) , hyla robersi - moni donoso - barros , 1965 " 1964 " ( type locality " pajonales al sur de macuro , penisula de paria , venezuela " ) , hyla rubra hübneri melin , 1941 ( type locality " taracuá , rio uaupes " , " são gabriel , rio negro " , and " vicinity of manaus " , all localities in the state of ama - zonas , brazil ) , scytopis alleni cope , 1870 ( type locality state of pará , brazil , by lectotype designation of duellman and wiens 1993 ) , and scytopis cryptanthus cope , 1874 ( type locality " nauta " , region loreto , peru ) . according to their original descriptions , all these names are associated with specimens that have yellow blotches on the anterior and poste - rior surfaces of the thighs , and in some cases undersurfaces of tibiae ( moravec et al . 2009 ) . . . .

. . . according to the original description , h . depressiceps differs from the new taxon in having black and whitish marbled limbs . an examination of the holotype of hyla rubra inconspicua shows that it differs by the presence of small tubercles on the head , dorsum and limbs including the tarsal area ( see moravec et al . 2009 ) . . . .

. . . the new species differs from s . iquitorum ( fig . 4b ) by snout truncate in dorsal view ( bluntly rounded ) , dentigerous processes of vomers triangular ( transverse ) , pres - ence of conspicuous dark brown spots on dorsum ( small dark brown dots concentrated only on head and in areas of scapular and sacral blotches ) , light brown flanks with or without dark brown spots ( bright yellow flanks with numerous distinct round black spots ) , and by white long bones of hindlimbs ( green ; moravec et al . 2009 ) . . . .

. . . reichle ( 2007 ) did not mention the species for bolivia , although it had already been reported from nacene , department beni , northern bolivia , by moravec & aparicio ( 2004 ) . moravec et al . ( 2009 ) reported another specimen of s . pedromedinae from 5 km ne of riberalta , department beni , bolivia . young ( 2007 ) , dealing with endemic species of the eastern slopes of the andes in peru and bolivia ( and adjacent amazonian lowlands ) , in his table mentioned s . pedromedinae from 12 localities but did not specify those localities . . . .

. . . gagliardiurrutia ( 2010 ) provided a picture of s . pedromedinae from the department loreto , but without detailed locality . frost ( 2011 ) gave as its distribution " upper amazon basin in extreme eastern peru , in the drainages of the río purus and río madre de dios " , apparently not considering gagliardi - urrutia ' s ( 2010 ) ( unspecified ) loreto , peru , record and specimens reported by moravec & aparicio ( 2004 ) and moravec et al . ( 2009 ) from northern bolivia . . . .

. . . the present findings show that s . pedromedinae is not a species endemic to peru , and do extend the range of the species considerably to the north and northeast of the peruvian localities reported by duellman & wiens ( 1993 ) and other authors . these new records and the material recently reported from northern bolivia ( moravec & aparicio , 2004 ; moravec et al . , 2009 ) suggest a continuous distribution of this species in the western amazon basin in eastern peru , western brazil ( and most likely also in adjacent colombia ) , and northern bolivia . this is the first time this species is reported from brazil and northern peru . . . .

. . . paratype : nmp p6v - 071267 / 3 , subadult specimen , collection data as for the paratype p6v - 071267 / 1 . remarks : the holotype ( musm 27577 ) is deposited in musm ( moravec et al . 2009b : 10 ) . . . .

we are describing the confirmed candidate species from purus - madeira interfluve ( southern amazonia ) . at the moment , we are working on three of the seven ccs from the study area . for one of them , we… " [ more ]

we describe a new species of pristimantis from lowland amazonia of the region loreto , northern peru . the new species is mainly characterized by its size ( svl 26 . 5 mm in male , 33 . 0 mm in female ) , shagreen dorsal skin , absence of dorsolateral folds , slightly areolate venter , presence of discoidal fold , presence of tympanic membrane including tympanic annulus , absence of vocal slits in males , . . . [ show full abstract ]

a new species of pristimantis ( amphibia , anura , craugastoridae ) from a montane forest of the pui pui . . .

a new species of frog of the genus pristimantis is described from a montane forest between 1700 and 1800 m a . s . l . of the pui pui protected forest ( región junín ) in central peru . pristimantis ashaninka sp . n . is described based on five adult females ( snout–vent length 23 . 1–26 . 7 mm ) and ten juveniles ( snout - vent length 10 . 6–13 . 4 ) . it differs from its congeners by having the skin on dorsum . . . [ show full abstract ]

a list of amphibian and reptile species recorded in the provincia madre de dios ( departamento pando , bolivia ) is presented . the broadhead ground snake atractus latifrons is reported from bolivia for the first time .

a new species of leptodactylid frog , genus phrynopus , is described from a polylepis - forest of the eastern andean slopes of central peru ( departamento de huánuco ) between 3420 and 3430 m above sea level . the new species is assigned to the phrynopus peruanus group and differs from all known species of the genus by having ventral surfaces of arms ( except hands ) , legs ( except feet ) , venter , chest . . . [ show full abstract ]

. . . the only difference between the calls of these species is that the dominant frequency of s . eurydice is more common in the first band ( 0 . 85 khz ) whereas that of s . castroviejoi is more common in the second band ( 2 . 5 khz ) . as s . eurydice , males of s . castroviejoi also call from the ground or from vegetation at the edge of ponds ( de la riva , 1993 ) . . . .

. . . descriptions of color of live specimens are based on color slides . the order of characters in the diagnosis and description follows duellman ( 1986 ) and de la riva ( 1993 ) . . .

lynchius is a frog genus with four species distributed along the paramos and cloud forests of the andes of northern peru and southern ecuador . the genus remains a poorly known andean clade and , alt… " [ more ]

rediscovery and taxonomic status of telmatobius marmoratus gigas vellard , 1969 " 1968 " ( anura : lepto . . .

i redescribe the giant form telmatobius marmoratus gigas vellard , endemic to the cordillera de huayllamarca in the central altiplano of bolivia , from loth adults and tadpoles . and i elevate it to species status ; a neotype is designated .

a new reproductive mode for the genus adenomera ( amphibia : anura : leptodactylidae ) : taxonomic implic . . .

several observations on reproductive modes and advertisement calls in different populations of frogs of the genus adenomera were made in bolivia and paraguay . two populations were more thoroughly studied . in one of them , frogs reproduced in the water‐independent way that is already known in the genus . in the other population they reproduced in the same way as members of the leptodactylus . . . [ show full abstract ]

rediscovery , redescription , and advertisement call of eleutherodactylus heterodactylus ( miranda ribe . . .

eleutherodactylus heterodactylus was rediscovered in cerrado montane forest of eastern bolivia , 250–300 km airline from its type locality in brazil , in similar habitat . the advertisement call is described for the first time . this species shares morphological features with species of the eleutherodactylus binotatus and eleutherodactylus discoidalis groups but is not assigned to either group . . . [ show full abstract ]

taxonomy and distribution of the south american toad bufo poeppigii tschudi , 1845 ( amphibia , anura , . . .

the taxonomic status of the andean toad bufo poeppigii has been controversial since its description by tschudi in the 19th century , because of the similar appearance of the species with respect to bufo marinus , and the fact that both species may occur together in some localities at the foot of the andes . bufo poeppigii is a valid species occurring on the amazonian slopes of the andes , at least . . . [ show full abstract ]

taxonomic status of bufo simus o . schmidt , 1857 ( anura : bufonidae )

the taxonomic status of bufo shims schmidt , 1857 , is reviewed . comparisons of the lectotype with members of different species groups of south american bufo , reveal that b . simus is a junior synonym of bufo spinidosits wiegmann .

this species is known only from a single protected area that is in both so paulo and rio de janeiro states , in south - eastern brazil . it has been recorded above 500m asl , to at least 1 , 600m asl , although the upper limit of its altitudinal range is not known . it might occur more widely .

it is an island endemic and there are no other congeners present on ilha dos alcatrazes . s . alcatraz can be distinguished from s . peixotoi , which occurs on a different brazilian island ( ilha de queimada grande ) , by its larger size ( s . peixotoi males 18 . 8–20 . 7 mm svl , females 22 . 4–25 . 1 mm svl ) , narrower head , a loreal region that is not concave , less distinct canthus rostralis , less prominent eyes , shorter internarial distance , less rugose dorsal skin , and a less ornamented dorsum ( brasileiro et al . 2007a ) . s . alcatraz can be distinguished from s . faivovichi , which occurs on a third brazilian island ( ilha de porcos pequena ) , by its larger size , less protruding snout , less triangular head , less prominent eyes , less distinct canthus rostralis , a loreal region that is not concave , lack of dark stripes on the arms , and less patterned dorsum ( brasileiro et al . 2007c ) .

group was first proposed by peixoto ( 1987 ) and includes small species that reproduce exclusively in bromeliads and are distributed in atlantic tropical coastal forest , ranging from espirito santo to santa catarina , brazil . frogs in this group have extreme reduction in webbing between toes ii and iii ( peixoto 1987 ; faivovich 2002 ) .

other frog species present on the ilha dos alcatrazes include leptodactylus marmoratus and the insular species cycloramphus faustoi ( brasileiro et al . 2007b ) . l . marmoratus is a leaf - litter dweller , while c . faustoi is found in rock crevices .

this species ' geographic range is the caribbean versant of mexico , from central tamaulipas , southward along the atlantic coast to the yucatan peninsula to belize , guatemala , honduras and nicaragua . in the pacific , it is found from guerrero , the isthmus of tehuantepec , southward to northwestern costa rica ( 0 - 1 , 530m asl ) . it also occurs on the corn islands , nicaragua .

classification from species 2000 & itis catalogue of life : april 2013 selected by c . michael hogan - see more .

jennifer hammock added an association between " belizean pine forests habitat " and " jabiru mycteria " .

jennifer hammock added an association between " belizean pine forests habitat " and " amazona oratrix " .

jennifer hammock added an association between " belizean pine forests habitat " and " engystomops pustulosus ( cope , 1864 ) " .

. . . given the success that we obtained in amplifying and sequencing a significant diversity of brazilian amphibians , which encompassed a broad range of phylogenetic diversity within anurans ( pyron & wiens 2011 ) , we believe that the new primers , combined with low extension temperatures in the pcr regime , may amplify the vast majority of amphibian species , or at least the anurans ( as we just tested a few species of gymnophiona and one caudata ) . indeed , the performance of primers anf1 + anr1 has been tested previous to the present study , and successfully amplified coi from treefrogs ( jungfer et al . 2013 ; brusquetti et al . 2014 ) . likewise , the primer an - trna - w combined with a previous version of anr1 successfully amplified coi from euparkerella ( fusinatto et al . 2013 ) . . . .

. . . n = 20 in s . nasicus , and tl / svl = 0 . 45 - 0 . 48 in s . similis , n = 19 ) . the vocal sac single , median , subgular , and ventrally not reaching the pectoral region differentiates the new species from s . baumgardneri , s . exiguus , s . fuscomarginatus , s . madeirae , s . manriquei , s . staufferi , s . villasboasi , and s . wandae ( large vocal sacs that reach the anterior pectoral region ; barrio - amorós et al . 2004 ; brusquetti et al . 2014 ) ; and s . camposseabrai , s . karenanneae , and s . sateremawe ( bilobed vocal sacs ; pyburn 1993 ; caramaschi & cardoso 2006 ; sturaro & peloso 2014 ) . . . .

. . . only when higher taxonomic levels are compared , for example , different species , genera , or families . this finding could be explained , in part , by the conservative nature of the molecular marker used—the 16s gene—which is commonly employed to separate different species ( fouquet et al . , 2007 ; brusquetti et al . , 2014 ; yang et al . , 2014 ; lourenço et al . , 2015 ) . although our dataset is limited , we observed that acoustic and genetic variation appears to be conserved among individuals distributed across human - altered landscapes . . . .

. . . in this study we use the term " sympatric " for localities , where both species where heard at the same site ( syntopic ) . as mentioned above , taxonomic status of those lineages was recently assessed by brusquetti et al . ( 2014 ) . their molecular phylogenetic analysis shows the bolivian sympatric populations of s . fuscomarginatus and s . madeirae in distant genetic subclades that suggests secondary contact ( stuart , inger and voris , 2006 ; inger , stuart and iskandar , 2009 ; brusquetti et al . , 2014 ) . . . .

. . . compared to the calls of congeneric species of the s ruber clade in the amazon basin , s . cruentommus can be distinguished from the species with long ( > 350 ms ; bilate and lack 2011 ) calls [ s . boesemani ( duellman 1986 ) , s . exiguus ( duellman 1986 ) , s . madeirae ( brusquetti et al . 2014 ) , and s . wandae ( pyburn . . .

we ' re currtenly describing tadpoles of many species , most of them are already in review and others in preparation . those include trachycephalus imitatrix , bokermannohyla ahenea , proceratophrys mant… " [ more ]

in this study , we will investigate how landscape changes on the biome scale can affect the composition of the atlantic forest amphibian communities .

field studies of vertebrates , with major interest in symbioses ( in a broad sense ) and other association types , feeding and defensive behaviors , urban fauna . presently focused on fishes , birds , and… " [ more ]

understanding the phenotypic and genotypic features in phyllomedusa in a context of integrative evolutionary analysis .

character displacement is commonly observed when species occur in secondary contact zones and traits related to resource competition or reproduction diverge in sympatry . however , few studies have considered the factors determining and delimiting the direction of character evolution in this context . we studied displacement in advertisement calls in two species of hylid frogs from allopatric and . . . [ show full abstract ]