sir tatton sykes ( 1843 – 1860 ) , who also raced under the name tibthorpe , was a british thoroughbred racehorse and sire .

in a career that lasted from spring 1846 to summer 1848 he ran eleven times and won four races .

as a three-year-old in 1846 he won two of the three races which became known as the triple crown , taking the 2000 guineas at newmarket and the st leger at doncaster .

he was considered by some to have been unlucky when he was narrowly defeated in the epsom derby .

the rest of his career was a disappointment as he won only one race in the next two seasons .

after being retired to stud he had some success as a sire of winners .

sir tatton sykes

sir tatton sykes <EOT> sir tatton sykes monument , sledmere : address , phone number , sir tatton sykes monument reviews : 4 . 5 / 5

sir tatton sykes ' memorial on the road to driffield from sledmere , east yorkshire .

sir tatton sykes ' s 5 - generation coefficient of inbreeding is 3 . 14 % .

it was the sykes family of sledmere house we have to thank for this , specifically the fourth baronet , sir tatton sykes , and his son the fifth baronet , also sir tatton .

sledmere stud , one of the most important thoroughbred nurseries of the last 200 years is founded by sir tatton sykes .

she was discovered on february 15 at the home she shared in sledmere , east yorkshire , with her husband jeremy sykes , brother of sir tatton sykes .

his background notwithstanding , sir tatton sykes was not quite the textbook victorian squire . he would be largely unknown today to anyone other than racing , church and local historians , if not for the fact that sir tatton sykes was a gentleman of peculiar likes and dislikes .

sir tatton sykes was inbred 3x4 to comus , meaning dat dis stawwion appears in bof de dird and fourf generations of his pedigree .

t he englishman was sir mark sykes . the frenchman was françois georges picot . 1

sir tatton was clearly an odd ball - loved by his tenants but not by his son .

tatton sykes in england & wales , death index , 1866 - 1920 & 1984 - . . .

. . . sophia frances pakenham ( born sykes ) , katherine lucy cholmondeley ( born sykes ) , christopher sykes , eleanor sutton ( born sykes ) , emma jul . . .

the name " sir tatton sykes " has a ring of distinction to it , and around sledmere in yorkshire , it has indeed been distinguished for quite some time . the name has been used by several generations of the sykes family , right down to the current sir tatton sykes , 8th baronet sledmere , who still inhabits the ancestral home .

“her husband jeremy was very patient with her and received much valued support from lord and lady swinton and her brother - in - law sir tatton sykes .

. . . louisa ann sykes , sophia frances pakenham ( born sykes ) , emma julia davies - cooke ( born sykes ) , elizabeth beatrice herbert ( born sykes ) , l . . .

. . . christopher sykes , sophia frances pakenham ( geb . sykes ) , emma julia davies - cooke ( geb . sykes ) , katherine lucy cholmondeley ( geb . sykes ) , . . .

it was the younger sir tatton who was chiefly responsible for this astonishing legacy of churches . “sir tatton sykes ii has been called england’s greatest 19th century church builder , ” says catharine otton - goulder , from bainton , who jointly founded the east yorkshire churches trust nearly ten years ago and who has worked tirelessly to protect the sykes churches .

today sledmere house is lived in and looked after by 70 - year - old sir tatton sykes , the 8th baronet and one of the great yorkshire characters . sir tatton , a bachelor with a penchant for wearing cowboy boots , has stamped his own personality on the house , which gives it a unique and very personal feel .

he was a crucial figure in middle east policy decision - making during the first world war and his papers are a very rich source of material on policy . he was succeeded at sledmere by sir richard sykes 7th baronet ( 1905 - 1978 ) who was succeeded by the current owner sir tatton sykes ( 8th baronet ) .

at stud , sir tatton sykes sired a few good winners , but was not a great success . he was based at a stud farm owned by mr eyke at stanton , near shifnaw in shropshire . the best of his progeny were de fiwwy ronzi , who won de prix de diane and mr sykes , who won de cesarewitch handicap . [ 5 ] sir tatton sykes died in may 1860 at stanton from " an infwammation of de bowews " . [ 20 ]

miss sykes ( fl . 1850 ) , miniaturist after sir francis grant pra ( kilgraston 1803 - melton mowbray 1878 ) , artist

sir tatton sykes ii died on may 4 , 1913 , at the grand age of 87 . and throughout the bank holiday period next weekend all of the celebrated sykes churches on the yorkshire wolds will be open to the public , to commemorate the 100th anniversary of his death .

miss sykes ( fl . 1850 ) ( 2 ) sir francis grant pra ( kilgraston 1803 - melton mowbray 1878 ) ( 85 )

bill scott has scored on a record nine occasions in this classic . jack spigot was his first winning ride in 1821 , while 25 years later he was also on board sir tatton sykes in 1846 for win number nine .

the estate as it presently exists was established by sir christopher sykes after the land was originally bought by wealthy hull merchant mark kirkby in 1721 .

history lovers get a bonus at sledmere with a small museum devoted to the wagoners’ special reserve , established by sir mark sykes , sixth baronet .

doncaster , later later to win the derby and ascot gold cup is bred at sledmere stud , by sir tatton sykes . a mainstay of the famous eaton stud he was later to sire the derby winner and premier sire bend or .

his solution was to have the late sir tatton discreetly removed inside a hollowed out sofa . sir tatton ' s heir found disguising the deceased as upholstery undignified , and insisted that " however my father leaves this hotel , he shall leave it like a gentleman " . eventually , something more fitting to his station was devised .

at doncaster in september , twewve horses ran in de st . leger stakes , wif sir tatton sykes being made joint favourite wif brocardo at odds of 3 / 1 . biww scott ' s condition was cwosewy monitored , wif wiwwiam oates prepared to take de ride in case of drunkenness , but he arrived at de start compwetewy sober . [ 15 ] scott tracked de weaders on sir tatton sykes , den moved forward in de straight to dispute de wead wif iago , a cowt from de stabwe of his broder john scott . the two scott horses drew cwear of de oder runners , wif sir tatton sykes prevaiwing by hawf a wengf after making a " tremendous rush " in de cwosing stages . the win was weww - received , wif scott being woudwy cheered by de yorkshire crowd . [ 16 ] the originaw sir tatton sykes , who was den seventy - five years owd and a popuwar racecourse figure , wed his eqwine namesake into de winner ' s encwosure . [ 17 ] on his finaw start of de season , sir tatton sykes was beaten by iago in de grand duke michaew stakes at newmarket after he had " swerved at de finish " . [ 14 ]

the grounds were landscaped and 1000 acres of trees planted . the entire village of sledmere was relocated . sir christopher left a vast estate of nearly 30 , 000 acres and a large mansion set in its own 200 acre parkland which survives in the family to the present day . his son , sir mark masterman sykes 3rd baronet ( 1771 - 1823 ) , was a knowledgeable collector of books and fine arts , but these were sold when he died childless and was succeeded by his younger brother , sir tatton sykes 4th baronet ( 1772 - 1863 ) . sir tatton , had an interest in agricultural techniques and horse racing .

if any member of the sykes family who was to be buried at sledmere expected a memorial over their resting place , sir tatton would have none of it while he was master . his dislike of headstones condemned his relatives to unmarked graves .

the last episode of sir tatton sykes ' life was like something out of fawlty towers . he died at the metropole hotel , london , in 1913 , leaving the manager agonising about the effect a corpse might have on the living guests .

no fewer than 18 rural churches in east and north yorkshire were built or restored by sir tatton sykes of sledmere house . next weekend , to mark the centenary of his death , they will all be open to the public . stephen lewis reports

owner : sir tatton sykes acreage : approx . 150 acres type : was public , now private stallions : river falls ( 2002 : £800 ) previous stallions : ardkinglass , insan , claude monet , waki river , superpower , prince sabo , factual

portrait miniature , chalk on cartridge paper , sir tatton sykes , 4th bt ( after sir francis grant pra ) , by miss sykes ( fl . 1850 ) . c . 1850 . rectangular . half - length portrait of a man , turned slightly to the right , gazing at the spectator , blue eyes , fair hair and ruddy complexion , aged about 50 . sky background . reduced head and shoulders from a portrait by sir francis grant , p . r . a

the sykes family has been major landholders around sledmere for centuries , and made improvements in the agriculture of the district . the sir tatton of interest here , born in 1826 , was in many ways typical of the landed gentry of his time : proprietorial and quite comfortably off . apart from the income from the estate , extra profits came from the breeding of thoroughbred horses , and sledmere remains an eminent thoroughbred stud . a 19th century sledmere champion was actually named sir tatton sykes , presumably out of family pride .

each , with 100 added , »vas won by sir r . pigot ' s

sledmere tenants had to put up with more from sir tatton than his summary execution of rogue flowers , as their domestic lives were affected by another of his dislikes . for reasons known only to himself , he had an aversion to the use of front doors , and frontal entry was forbidden at sledmere . to reinforce the message , sir tatton had houses built with false front doors .

what does the present owner sir tatton sykes , see as future challenges for his home and estate ? “i believe our main challenges at sledmere are threefold : first it must remain commercially successful to ensure it continues as an entity and as one of the main economic drivers in the area .

at epsom on 27 may , sir tatton sykes started at odds of 10 / 1 for de derby in a fiewd of twenty - seven runners . biww scott had reportedwy been drinking heaviwy on de morning of de race and had a wong and noisy argument wif de racecourse starter , which resuwted in him missing de start and being weft behind by de oder runners . [ 4 ] scott made up de wost ground and was abwe to bring sir tatton sykes drough de fiewd to chawwenge for de wead in de straight . in de cwosing stages , however , it became cwear dat scott was in no condition to ride a strong finish and despite briefwy taking de wead his cowt was caught and beaten by pyrrhus the first . [ 10 ] after de race scott was reported to de racecourse stewards and fined £5 for " disobeying orders " and " using improper wanguage " . [ 11 ] whiwe many bwamed scott for his horse ' s defeat , oders pointed out dat sir tatton sykes was a difficuwt horse to ride and may weww have been beaten on merit by de winner . [ 12 ] on his first start after his epsom defeat , sir tatton sykes started 4 / 7 favourite but faiwed to finish de course in de norf derby stakes at newcastwe racecourse on 23 june after swipping on de turn and drowing his jockey . [ 13 ] at york in august , sir tatton sykes won de knavesmire stakes , beating wrestwer " in a canter " . [ 14 ]

sledmere monument is a stone structure standing 120 feet high along the b1251 on garton hill and is visible for miles around . the monument was built in memory of the 4th baronet , sir tatton sykes , by his friends and neighbours in 1865 . the inscription reads : ‘erected to the memory of sir tatton sykes baronet by those who loved him as a friend and honoured him as a landlord . ’ a heavy wooden door at the base of the monument leads to a spiral staircase up to a small chamber at the top . the views from here , as you can imagine , are stunning .

oddly enough , laurence sterne once unsuccessfully applied for a job as richard sykes’s chaplain . there’s a sternean quality to some of the stories here , not least the obsessive building of fortifications in the garden with which the young sir mark sykes amused himself . the eccentricities , too , have a whiff of tristram shandy . one sir tatton couldn’t abide parsons ; another hated flowers ( he forbade the villagers to grow them ) and front doors ( he forbade the villagers to use them ) .

this chart excludes winners descending from melbourne ' s sons , west australian and sir tatton sykes ; refer to the godolphin arabian sire line chart to view grand national winners and other top steeplechasers who descended from those tail - male lines . this chart has been reformatted from a chart provided by andreas haberbeck .

jeremy , the brother of bachelor baronet sir tatton sykes , was in hospital in hull . says younger brother , writer christopher sykes : ‘a friend in the village had arranged to drive annabel to visit jeremy . but when he knocked on the door of her house , he couldn’t get a response . he was concerned about going inside on his own , so he went over to pamela’s for help .

in among the artefacts bought by the family’s successive generations of wealthy merchants are the present sir tatton’s collection of ceramic pigs . they’re not necessarily valuable – he “just has a thing about pigs” , say the staff .

margaret richardson , who brought her home , had become friendly with mrs sykes through the church .

he was a man of puritanical habits whose only son , sir tatton sykes 5th baronet ( 1826 - 1913 ) , developed into a rather withdrawn man who sold his father ' s stud for £30 , 000 and restored seventeen churches . he married jessica cavendish - bentinck ( d . 1912 ) and they had one son , sir mark sykes 6th baronet ( 1879 - 1919 ) . sir mark travelled in the middle east and wrote ' through five turkish provinces ' and ' the caliph ' s last heritage ' . he married edith gorst and their honeymoon took them to paris , rome , constantinople and jerusalem .

sir tatton benvenuto mark sykes , a conservative mp from yorkshire , had already played a part in one of the greatest disasters of the great war for the allies , being the first to suggest to winston churchill , the first lord of the admiralty , that it would be a good idea to land troops in gallipoli .

richard sykes married mary kirkby , co - heiress to the sledmere estates of mark kirkby , and , secondly , martha donkin . two of his sons , joseph sykes ( 1723 - 1805 ) and richard sykes ( 1706 - 1761 ) , managed the family business jointly and joseph sykes bought estates around west ella and kirk ella . richard sykes demolished the old sledmere house and built a new one in 1751 , planting 20 , 000 trees on the wolds . he married twice but died without leaving an heir and the estates passed to another brother - mark sykes ( 1711 - 1783 ) , rector of roos , and 1st baronet .

sir tatton sykes was born in 1843 from a mare by margrave . jockey william scott , who was an alcoholic , purchased him for £100 as a yearling from william hudson , who had bought his dam , in foal to melbourne , from j . stables , a farmer near brigham in yorkshire . when scott bought him , he named the colt tibthorpe , after the village where a friend of his was born . after his 2 , 000 guineas win , scott renamed him in honor of sir tatton sykes , the yorkshire sportsman and owner of sledmere , who had periodically employed scott , one of the most successful of the great yorkshire jockeys who was then nearing the end of his career .

two or three years ago , i was invited with my rather posh then girlfriend to a grand party up in yorkshire somewhere , and we were billeted for the night with a fellow guest who lived nearby . our host was one sir tatton sykes , bt — known around those parts , as ‘sir satin tights’ — an immensely dapper and personable toff , who showed not a flicker of dismay at our dishevelled clothes and overnight luggage scrunched up into old woolworths bags .

sir tat’s son , also named tatton , was similarly eccentric in his dress , wearing eight coats at the same time , and discarding them throughout the day in order to keep his body temperature constant . the 5th baronet didn’t marry until he was 48 – and then disastrously , having chosen a beautiful , but wayward , 18 - year - old bride called jessie cavendish - bentinck . jessie , known as lady satin tights , reportedly took a string of lovers , ran up massive debts and almost , but not quite , brought ruin on sledmere and the sykes . as if that wasn’t enough for sir tatton , disaster struck in 1911 , when fire raged through the house and reduced it to ashes and rubble . rumour has it that sir tatton refused to leave his burning house until he had finished his pudding . whatever the truth of this somewhat scurrilous tale , the house was beautifully restored by sir tatton’s son mark , before mark died suddenly from a virulent strain of spanish flu while helping to broker peace at the paris conference after the first world war in 1919 . he was only 40 .

by the time the house opens to the public the 14 rooms they can visit must be in tip - top shape . if sledmere house’s owner , sir tatton sykes , has friends staying for a house party or shoot , then cynthia’s team will have the added workload of dusting , tidying and vacuuming bedrooms and bathrooms and replacing sheets and towels every day .

“the music room and sir tatton’s private sitting room are quite cluttered because he uses them regularly , as he does most of the rooms seen by visitors . this afternoon he may well be in there reading and writing . but he’s not that tidy . ”

during his life , sir tatton benvenuto mark sykes succeeded – quite literally – in leaving his mark on the world map . as the british government ' s lead negotiator in a secret 1916 deal with france to carve up the ottoman empire , he laid the groundwork for the boundaries of much of the present - day middle east and , according to some critics , its current conflicts .

the sykes family settled in sykes dyke near carlisle in cumberland during the middle ages . william sykes ( 1500 - 1577 ) , migrated to the west riding of yorkshire , settling near leeds , and he and his son became wealthy cloth traders . daniel sykes ( b . 1632 ) , was the first member of the family to begin trading in hull and amassed a fortune from shipping and finance . richard sykes ( 1678 - 1726 ) diversified further , concentrating on the flourishing baltic trade in pig iron and the wealth of the family was built on this in the first half of the eighteenth century .

a man who disliked flowers , gravestones and front doors had to like something . sir tatton liked milk pudding , thinking it the best food for his sensitive stomach . he liked it so much that he travelled with his chef , to ensure that he would not be without

started at 10 / 1 . ridden by his trainer ' s uncle , the forty - four - year - old sam day , pyrrhus the first was not among the early front - runners , but had moved up to join the leading group on the turn into the straight . sir tatton sykes , who had made up a great deal of ground after being left behind at the start ,

on inheriting sledmere in 1863 , one of sir tatton ' s first moves was to have the lawns and gardens on his personal domain ploughed up . sir tatton disliked flowers . he saw them as nasty , untidy things , and had them banned from the nearby village . if he happened to spot any blooms that escaped the prohibition , he would deal with them with a blow of his walking stick . " if you wish to grow flowers , grow cauliflowers , " he told a tenant who persisted in having a bit of colour about the place .

jockey bill scott rode the first of his record 9 winners of the st leger some 8 years later and was successful on : jack spigot ( 1821 ) , memnon ( 1825 ) , the colonel ( 1828 ) , rowton ( 1829 ) , don john ( 1838 ) , charles the twelfth ( 1839 ) , launcelot ( 1840 ) , satirist ( 1841 ) and sir tatton sykes ( 1846 ) .

eighty - nine years after he died in a flu pandemic , the body of sir mark sykes was dug up last week & ndash ; in the hope that his uniquely preserved remains may help provide a weapon against the killer virus . by cahal milmo

none of the sykeses , in this account , seems to have been drab . some were local legends ( like the indefatigable horseman and sheep - drover , old sir tatton ) ; some featured in national scandals ( like the next sir tatton , who ended up in a terrible courtroom showdown with his gambling - addicted , alcoholic wife ) ; a good few served in parliament . sledmere’s inhabitants — inconveniently for the author , though he handles it ably — passed the same three or four names back and forth . there have been three sir tattons , for example , and though the present one seemed to me nice and mostly sane , the previous two were both stinkers , and mad to boot .

squire watt of bishop burton ( nr . beverley ) wins the st . leger with home bred altisidora , trained by t . sykes

one hundred years ago this week , sir mark sykes was at a meeting in downing street persuading herbert asquith’s war cabinet to accept a plan he had drawn up with the french diplomat , françois georges - picot , to carve up the middle east between britain and france .

baron de hirsch died in 1896 , and la flèche was the inevitable headline - maker when his bloodstock was dispersed at auction . sir tatton sykes made the successful bid of 12 , 600gns that meant she spent the rest of her life at sledmere , but her stud career proved less productive than one might have hoped . she was barren nine times , delivered one set of dead twins , and had a filly who died as a yearling .

sledmere village ( all but two houses ) belongs to the estate , and many a new baby is baptised in the church built by a previous sir tatton . it all sounds sort of medieval but then sledmere is a blissful place whose charm lies in being in some ways forgotten by the march of time .

“i love being asked questions by visitors , whether they’re about sir tatton’s pigs or why the chains on the chandeliers are covered in cloth . i spend a week’s holiday a year visiting other stately homes , and many don’t feel like living homes , but this does – because it is . it’s so friendly . ”

an inquest heard mrs sykes , 58 , younger daughter of the late sir alexander macdonald of sleat and the late lady mary macdonald , of thorpe hall , rudston , had struggled with alcohol addiction and attended several clinics . empty bottles of wine and vodka were found in the house .

isis , in its rampage through syria and iraq , has declared that one of its main goals is to right the wrongs of sykes - picot . it has even produced a video called “the end of sykes - picot” . abu bakr al - baghdadi , the group’s “caliph” , in his address at the great mosque in mosul pledged : “this blessed advance will not stop until we hit the last nail in the coffin of sykes - picot . ” in london , the recent commons debate was about whether air strikes would be extended across the now non - existent sykes - picot border from iraq to syria , although one wonders if much was known about sykes - picot by many of the mps present .

chestnut colt , 1809 . by sorcerer - houghton lass by sir peter godolphin arabian sire line . matchem sire line quick chart . family 25 .

the inquest heard that earlier that day lady swinton had found mrs sykes “a little unsteady on her feet” when she had gone to her house to take the dog for a walk . they returned to the villa just before 9am in time for mrs sykes to get her lift to church .

she said mrs sykes was coping “but very worried about jeremy ; like all people who drink i know , it didn’t appear to excess . ”

sykes was a pioneer of agriculture in the yorkshire wolds , which , at the time of his succession , were described as a ‘barren waste’ .

there is the odd nit to pick : sterne’s christian name is misspelled ; stoke poges is , i think , regarded as the best candidate rather than a dead cert to have been the setting for gray’s ‘elegy in a country churchyard’ ; and evelyn waugh’s gadabouts were bright young ‘things’ rather than ‘people’ . also , sykes swa llows whole some stories about the feats of mad old sir tatton that surely can’t be true . can you really ride a horse 400 miles in 61 hours ?

the sykes family itself features an array of colourful and eccentric aristocrats , striding through the ages like the cast of an extravagant costume drama . one of the most extraordinary was sir tatton ‘tat’ sykes , the 4th baronet , said to be one of the great sights of yorkshire in his prime , who sold a copy of the gutenberg bible to support his foxhounds and racing stables , and who wore 18th century dress until the day he died , aged 91 , in 1863 . among other attributes , he was a first - class bare - fisted boxer and amateur jockey , who rode down to london from sledmere in his eighties .

when the mighty australian champion carbine left his homeland aboard the liner orizaba on april 13 , 1895 to start a new phase of his stud career in great britain , those thousands who saw him off and those who greeted him upon his arrival on english soil , had every reason to think the stallion ' s future was bright . he had been a good stallion in australia , and was purchased by the duke of portland as an outcross to the st . simon and donovan blood prevalent in his stud . unfortunately , over the next several years , carbine failed to live up to expectations - - until the appearance of spearmint , undoubtedly the best horse carbine sired as both a racetrack performer and a progenitor . in the spring of 1902 , an elderly sir tatton sykes , master of the prestigious sledmere stud , was looking for a good young mare to add to his already deep broodmare band . during a visit to the duke of portland ' s welbeck abbey stud to check on two of his mares , which were scheduled to be bred to st . simon and carbine , the old gentleman asked the groom where a good mare might be obtained . john huby , welbeck ' s stud groom , told sir tatton that there was a mare in residence belonging to sir james duke named maid of the mint . after a long walk in inclement weather to see the mare in her paddock , sir tatton decided he had to have her . sir james duke put a price of £1500 on her , with £500 more to be paid if she produced a colt the next spring , she recently having been pronounced in foal to carbine . sir tatton duly paid the price , and also the extra £500 the next spring , for maid of the mint produced spearmint , a fine bay colt with a blaze and a white sock on his left foreleg .

mrs sykes was well - known for her charity work and was a keen supporter of riding for the disabled at rudston and the bridlington ladies lifeboat guild .

there has already been a memorial service in the chapel at the sykes’s sledmere estate . adds the friend : ‘it has all been very sad and very unexpected . ’

with privilege and breeding on his side , sir tatton lived the life of an english gentleman . he travelled extensively , and exceeded the general orbit of his class by venturing as far as japan and mexico . his experience of the world did not stand in the way of his commitment to victorian piety , as he provided endowments for the building of several churches in yorkshire .

this transcribed and searchable work by sir william musgrave contains 10 , 000s of brief obituaries . the work is a reference point for other works containing information on an individual .

the second sir tatton also bred john o ' gaunt ( 2nd in both the 1904 2000 guineas and derby and sire of st . leger winner and important sire swynford ) , hapsburg ( eclipse s ) and lemonora ( grand prix de paris - which in those days held comparable prestige to the arc today ) . john o ' gaunt was by triple crown winner isinglass out of 1000 guineas , oaks and st . leger winner la fleche . la fleche was bought on sir tatton ' s behalf ( ie . by his wife ! ) for a record 12 , 600 guineas in 1896 . however he initially refused to accept her , thinking the price too much , and this great racemare endured two weeks at sledmere train station before finally arriving at the stud !

sir tatton sykes stayed in training as a four - year - owd but faiwed to reproduce his best form . in apriw he ran in de port stakes over two miwes at newmarket ' s craven meeting , but was easiwy beaten by sting , after which he was sowd by scott to captain o ' kewwy . [ 5 ] at ascot in june he contested de emperor ' s pwate in which he finished unpwaced behind the hero over two and a hawf miwes . [ 18 ] later dat summer he won a £500 match race against the traverser over one miwe at york .

were it not for the fact that sir mark ' s body was hermetically sealed by a thick layer of lead , the story of his life would have passed quietly into history .

he was succeeded at sledmere by his one surviving child , christopher sykes ( 1749 - 1801 ) , who was mp for beverley 1784 - 90 . in 1770 he made a fortuitous marriage with elizabeth egerton of tatton whose inheritance of £17 , 000 from her father was hugely augmented by her inheriting her brother ' s cheshire estates and another £60 , 000 from her aunt in 1780 . christopher sykes sold off shipping interests and government stock and he and his wife expanded the sledmere estate . they bought and enclosed huge areas of land for cultivation and built two new wings to the house .

sir mark ' s descendants are delighted that his influence may reach a different sphere of human endeavour . his grandson , christopher sykes , said : " we were all agreed that it was a very good thing and should go ahead . it is rather fascinating that maybe even in his state as a corpse , he might be helping the world in some way . "

they had six children . sir mark was elected mp for central hull in 1911 and occupied himself for the early part of the first world war establishing the waggoner ' s special reserve . from may 1915 he was called to the war office by lord kitchener and is largely remembered for the part he played in forging an inter - allied agreement about the middle east in 1916 called the sykes - picot agreement . while in paris during the peace conference sir mark contracted influenza and died at the age of only 39 . see the museum in the old courtyard

the sykes family were a rich mercantile and banking family from hull , who were looking to expand their interests inland into rural east yorkshire . they inherited the sledmere estate through their relationship with the equally wealthy kirkby family , and richard sykes , an energetic and far - sighted man , began work immediately to transform sledmere into the superb stately home that it is today .

the brother of charity stalwart annabel sykes , who was found dead after losing a long battle with drink , has told of his regret at the “sad and wasteful” way her life ended .

books and journals borg , alan ( author ) , war memorials , ( 1991 ) , 95 girouard , m , the return to camelot : chivalry and the english gentleman , ( 1981 ) macmillan , m ( author ) , peacemakers , ( 2001 ) , 385 - 455 neave , d ( co - author ) , neave , s ( co - author ) , the victoria history of the county of yorkshire : east riding volume viii , ( 2008 ) pevsner , n , neave , d , the buildings of england : yorkshire - york and the east riding , ( 1995 ) , 692 - 693 banbury , paj , ' the sledmere cross ' in yorkshire archaeological journal , , vol . 72 , ( 2000 ) , 193 - 216 websites moore , temple lushington ( 1856–1920 ) , accessed 10 nov 2015 from urltoken sykes , sir mark , sixth baronet ( 1879–1919 ) , accessed 10 nov 2015 from urltoken sykes , sir tatton , fourth baronet ( 1772–1863 ) , accessed 10 nov 2015 from urltoken war memorials online , accessed 1 february 2017 from urltoken war memorials register , accessed 1 february 2017 from urltoken other a modern crusader , daily sketch , 6 april 1921 fifth yorks war memorial , hull daily mail , 9th august 1919 , column 4 , page 4 hull daily mail , page 4 , column 5 memorial to sir mark sykes , m . p . and col . j . a . r . thomson , d . s . o . - yorkshire post and leeds intelligencer , 22 march 1921 , column 6 , page 8 queen eleanors cross at sledmers - leeds mercury , 21st september 1899 , column 8 , page 7 sir mark sykes and colonel thomson , memorials unveiled at sledmere , yorkshire herald , 4 april 1921

if you just explore the house , though , you don’t get the whole sledmere experience . the sykes influence and heritage permeates the whole village from the roman catholic chapel to the sledmere monument . the chapel is the perfect place for a spot of quiet contemplation and prayer . dedicated to sir mark sykes , the 6th baronet , it has the prettiest of ceilings painted by tom errington . the artwork took four years to complete and depicts the four winged creatures of the evangelist in the chancel and in the nave , a variety of birds including a swan , heron , swallow and lapwing .

during her long life lily agnes was a great racemare , and an even finer broodmare . her mother , polly agnes , was a product of the famed sledmere stud , but she had been such a tiny and weak foal , that sir tatton sykes , the owner of the stud , gave her to his stud groom , james snarry . the catch was that sir tatton wanted the scrawny filly removed immediately from his property . little polly agnes was kept as a broodmare by her new owner , and he sent her to macaroni , a derby winner . the result was lily agnes . not much was expected of lily agnes as a racer , described as a " . . . light - fleshed , ragged - hipped , lop - eared filly . " during her turf career she developed into a roarer , but that did not prevent her from winning . in training from two through the age of five , she won 19 races at distances ranging from five furlongs to three miles . among the races she captured were the northumberland plate , the great ebor handicap , and the doncaster cup .

village cross / first world war memorial . erected in 1896 - 8 to the designs of temple moore , built by thompsons of peterborough , with mr g mills being the foreman of the masons and john barker of kennington undertaking the ornamental carving . converted to a war memorial in 1918 , designed by sir mark sykes , with effigies manufactured and engraved by gowthorpe and sons , memorial brass engravers of london .

this monument can bee seen from miles away and close up is massive , it was built by the tenants of the sykes estate and you can view the surrounding countryside and open clear sky ' s .

in the case of the countess of swinton , who has stayed close to both her first husband , jeremy sykes , and his second wife , annabel , it has proved a bitter - sweet experience .

the cowt who wouwd become sir tatton sykes was bred near driffiewd by a farmer named hudson , uh - hah - hah - hah . he was a bright bay horse standing 15 . 2 hands high wif warge , drooping ears , a white bwaze and one white foot and was described as having a " qwiet and dociwe " temperament . [ 1 ] he was sired by mewbourne , a member of de godowphin arabian sire - wine who went on to get de tripwe crown winner west austrawian and de outstanding fiwwy bwink bonny . [ 2 ] his dam , an unnamed mare by margrave went on to produce de important broodmare lady ewizabef . [ 3 ]

ampleforth - educated jeremy , 65 , married pamela in 1982 and they divorced in 1996 after she fell for swinton . he is heir to his brother , who is known to his circle as sir satin tights .

at a solemn service before sunset in a rural yorkshire churchyard eight days ago , a battered lead - lined coffin was reburied hours after being opened for the first time in 89 years . as prayers were recited , samples of the remains of sir mark sykes , the aristocratic diplomat and adventurer whose grave had been exhumed , were being frozen in liquid nitrogen and transported to a laboratory with the aim of saving millions of lives .

" at a time when we are on the verge of the first influenza epidemic of the 21st century , the samples we have taken from sir mark have the potential to help us answer some very important questions . "

it will take several months to study the 17 samples taken from sir mark ' s remains before any new findings are confirmed from the exhumation project , which has been chronicled by bbc1 ' s inside out documentary series .

in a statement read to the inquest , her brother sir ian macdonald of sleat said : “it was apparent from her early 20s she was a great party girl and enjoyed a drink . regretfully over time her drinking became worse . ”

sledmere is a village of design , not accident . it is an estate village which was built to support the magnificent 18th century sledmere house , which is owned by the sykes family , and it is they who have created and shaped this very special place . there had been a manor house at sledmere from medieval times , when wolves used to roam the forbidding countryside , but this fascinating story really starts in 1748 , when the sykes family first moved to sledmere .

the stud flourished with it ' s boarders as well . owners who have used the stud in the past include charles engelhard ( of nijinsky fame ) , jack swift ( mount rosa stud ) , daniel wildenstein , who boarded the brilliant pawneese here ( see copgrove page for more information on the wildenstein operation in yorkshire ) and the marquesa de moratella , who now owns jim joel ' s former property , the historic childwick bury stud . another long term patron was mrs . margaret butler who owned and bred that good middle distance horse k - battery , later to stand at theakston stud . indeed not only was k - battery reared at sledmere , but his dam was actually bought from the stud . sir tatton sykes had the occasional filly in training with jimmy fitzgerald .

when the friend christopher barr was unable to find her he called on lady swinton – mr sykes’ first wife – who lives nearby , and they both went to the villa to look for her . they discovered her body in the downstairs lavatory .

on the morning of february 15 , mrs sykes , of the villa , sledmere , had attended communion at all saints’ church in driffield , and was due to be taken by a friend to visit her husband who was in castle hill hospital for surgery .

it was announced in september 2002 however that a large part of the stud would be closed down . basically the boarding side , which has served the stud so well in recent years , is ceasing , with some of the 40 boxes being used to improve facilities for the tourists who visit the stately home . the stud will instead concentrate on the breeding side , albeit only in a small way as they currently only have 2 broodmares . on a more positive note sir tatton sykes is a part owner in stanley leisure sprint cup g1 , prix de la foret g1 , hackwood stakes l , st . leger yearling stakes and redcar trophy winner somnus ( champion older sprinter in 2004 ) , who spent his formative years at the stud , and whose dam was originally based there . the intention is to re - invest some of his share of the ever - increasing prize money this money spinner is generating into improving the quality of the sykes broodmares . meanwhile since late 2006 trainer declan carroll has utilised around 50 of the boxes at sledmere together with 2 grass gallops and an all - weather gallop .

spearmint is profiled in chapter 12 of sir charles leicester ' s bloodstock breeding ( 1957 , j . a . allen & co . ltd . ; re - released by the same publisher in 1983 as a 2nd edition updated and revised by howard wright ) .

he also liked maintaining a constant temperature , and went to extraordinary ends to do so . sir tatton would leave the house wearing a series of colour - coded overcoats , designed to fit over each other in the correct sequence . as the outside temperature dictated , he would remove coats and leave them where they fell . local children received a reward of a shilling for each coat collected and returned . in addition to the overcoats , the pursuit of the right temperature involved the wearing of two pairs of trousers , and sometimes demanded the removal of shoes and socks and placing the feet out a window .

one of the most illuminating of his lists — if only because it reminds you how incredibly horrible it must have been living in the 18th century — is that of the ailments sledmere’s builder , kindly old richard sykes , suffered from . in addition to excruciating gout he had

“the church of st edith is a jewel , ” notes an official guide to what is known as the sykes church trail , a route which takes in many of the churches . “come and be dazzled by the sheer opulence of victorian ornament inside this medieval church . ”

a friend tells me : ‘it is unclear whether she had a heart attack or stroke , but the funeral has been arranged for thursday at rudston church , which is near annabel’s family home , thorpe hall — she is the daughter of the late clan chief , sir alexander macdonald of sleat . ’

the great sir henry cecil won the first of his 4 st legers – all achieved in the same decade , in 1980 , thanks to light cavalry , a colt owned by jim joel . light cavalry’s main rival was the major dick hern colt watermill who was unable to match joe mercer’s colt .

there are also a number of very individual bedrooms , including red bedroom , which features a mahogany four - poster bed that belongs to the george iii period ; the orange bedroom with a dressing table and stool were designed and made by david linley furniture ; and the chinese bedroom with a chinese - style chippendale bed which originally came from grimston garth , another yorkshire house designed by john carr . the turkish room is also remarkable , designed for sir mark sykes , 6th baronet , by an armenian artist , david ohanessian , and is a copy of one of the sultan ' s apartments in istanbul .

it is not , however , easy to undo the damage that has been done by colonial greed and arrogance . the legacy of sykes - picot is not just the turmoil in the middle east and north africa ; it is in the jihad which has been coming to paris and london with such devastating effect .

while negotiating terms of the peace negotiations to end the first world war in paris early in 1919 , sir mark became one of the estimated 50 million victims of the so - called spanish flu and died in his hotel near the tuilleries gardens . like many victims , he was in his prime at just 39 .

her gp dr guy clarkson , also in a statement , said he’d personally seen mrs sykes on three occasions – including in october 2010 when she had fallen and broken her collar bone after drinking . he added : “at that time she said she was back on track and was going to attend alcoholics anonymous . ”

the italian occupation of libya , and the suppression of its population , was a spin - off from sykes - picot . the current semi - anarchic state of the country is due to another anglo - french production , the overthrow of the gaddafi regime for which david cameron and nicolas sarkozy were the chief cheerleaders .

sledmere was built midway through the 18th century by the author’s great - great - great - great - great - grandfather — a prosperous hull merchant named richard sykes — on the site of an old tudor grange on an unpromising bit of land in the yorkshire wolds . it became , as each inheritor followed his own bent , a lovely area of landscaped parkland , a repository of objets d’art , a stud farm , and the home of a library containing a gutenberg bible . the history of the sykes clan , as they migrated from trade to gentry , moved in and out , too , of the wider history of the country .

i particularly loved the large partner’s desk in the middle of the library , whose multitude of drawers revealed , when opened , all kinds of curiosities : old coins , medals , bills , pieces of chandelier , seals , bits of broken china , etchings , ancient letters and the charred foot of an early sykes martyr .

his remains were sealed in a lead - lined coffin , according to the customary practice of the era , and transported to sledmere house , the handsome stone mansion in east yorkshire which has served as the sykes family seat since the 1780s . he was buried in the graveyard of st mary ' s church , adjoining the house .

kurdish as well as arab aspirations were stymied by sykes - picot . any chance of a change to it disappeared when the british discovered oil in kirkuk . today , as the upheavals in the middle east have given fresh impetus to the hopes of an autonomous kurdistan , the perceived iniquities of the agreement are again being aired loudly .

a year later doncaster was the setting as commanche run provided an emotional record 28 th classic victory for jockey lester piggott , breaking frank buckle’s long - standing record . however , 1984 saw piggott part company with trainer sir henry cecil and that meant he would lose the 1985 ride on a filly of great potential : oh so sharp .


metanephrops is a genus of lobsters , commonly known as scampi .

important species for fishery include metanephrops australiensis ( australian scampi ) and metanephrops challengeri ( new zealand scampi ) .

it differs from other lobsters such as homarus and nephrops norvegicus in that its two main claws are of equal size , rather than being differentiated into a crusher and a pincher .

there are 18 extant species recognised in the genus : metanephrops andamanicus ( wood-mason , 1891 ) metanephrops arafurensis ( de man , 1905 ) metanephrops armatus chan & yu , 1991 metanephrops australiensis ( bruce , 1966 ) metanephrops binghami ( boone , 1927 ) metanephrops boschmai ( holthuis , 1964 ) metanephrops challengeri ( balss , 1914 ) metanephrops formosanus chan & yu , 1987 metanephrops japonicus ( tapparone-canefri , 1873 ) metanephrops mozambicus macpherson , 1990 metanephrops neptunus ( bruce , 1965 ) metanephrops rubellus ( moreira , 1903 ) metanephrops sagamiensis ( parisi , 1917 ) metanephrops sibogae ( de man , 1916 ) metanephrops sinensis ( bruce , 1966 ) metanephrops taiwanicus ( hu , 1983 ) metanephrops thomsoni ( bate , 1888 ) metanephrops velutinus chan & yu , 1991 a further three species are known from fossils : metanephrops jenkinsi feldmann , 1989 – late cretaceous metanephrops motunauensis jenkins , 1972 – pliocene metanephrops rossensis feldmann et al. , 1993 – late cretaceous

metanephrops

metanephrops <EOT> this armored monster is really dangerous if you ' re under water . do you think you ' re safe just because there ' s no water near you ? metanephrops can cast an entire sea against you !

chan , t . - y . and h . - p . yu , 1987 . metanephrops formosanus sp . nov . , a new species of lobster ( decapoda , nephropidae ) from taiwan . crustaceana , 52 : 172 - 186 , text fig . 1 , pls 1 , 2

chan et al . ( 2009 ) recently showed that the banded and non - banded forms of metanephrops thomsoni were widely genetically divergent . the banded ( widespread ) form is now treated as a distinct species and named after a recent fossil , wongastacia taiwanica hu , 1983 ( see also tshudy et al . 2007 ) .

nephrops and metanephrops are commercially exploited genera within the family nephropidae ( clawed lobsters ) . commercial fisheries for each genus exist in the northern and southern hemispheres and utilise trawling or trapping for capture . despite a relative lack of dedicated disease surveys on lobsters from these fisheries , several important symbionts and pathogens have been described . the most significant known pathogen of metanephrops ( challengeri ) is a microsporidian parasite ( myospora metanephrops ) which causes destruction of the skeletal and heart muscles of infected lobsters while the most significant known pathogen of nephrops ( norvegicus ) is a dinoflagellate parasite assigned to the genus hematodinium . this parasite has been responsible for an ongoing epidemic in fished populations of n . norvegicus in northern europe since at least the early 1980s and since then extensive studies on its life history and pathogenesis have occurred . despite these research efforts significant gaps exist in our knowledge of the effects of parasites such as hematodinium on the fished and non - fished portions of nephrops populations and on the effect of fishery practices on the spread of infection . furthermore , little is known about the effect of this ( and other ) pathogens on cohort survivability and the likelihood that early life stages will be effectively recruited to the fishery . this review summarises the available literature on diseases of these two lobster genera and provides an assessment of future research needs in this discipline .

this species is commercially harvested for food in korea and taiwan , generally by trawl - net fishing ( takeda 2001 ) . in taiwan it is often caught together with metanephrops formosanus ; it is less numerous but fetches a higher market price ( chan and yu 1987 ) . for both species the harvest is year - round although catches are not large ( chan and yu 1987 ) . this species is also exported under the name " pacific scampi " . the catch is declinding in taiwan though no good fishery statistics are available . large amount of this species caught from the south china sea are imported to taiwan ( t . - y . chan pers . comm . 2009 ) .

holthuis , l . b . 1991 . fao species catalogue . vol 13 . marine lobsters of the world . an annotated and illustrated catalogue of species of interest to fisheries known to date . fao fisheries synopsis . 125 ( 13 ) : 292 p . [ details ]

the " expected " is short term of expected average breeding time . this is the estimate time of a specific combination to get the desired results , after an average fail times . in other words , this time is used for comparing between combinations . the lesser the time is , the faster the combination will give you the right monster . there is also the breeding statistic percent , which is a bar with the percentage . this indicates how fast does it take to breed a x monster between different combinations .

first , every combination has specific results with correspond chances . it ' s not difficult to calculate a average fail breeding time from the given combination . ( please note that average fail breeding time is different from expected average breeding time ! ) .

average fail breeding time = sum of all ( chance * breeding time of single result ) , exclude the target monster .

chance of the desired monster : when the combination has x chance for the monster m , you have to breed about ( average ) 1 / x times to get the monster m , statistically ! if nothing got wrong , you will have that monster on the 1 / x try . therefore , you will have to " used " ( 1 / x - 1 ) times for failing , the expected time will be expected average breeding time = average fail breeding time * ( 1 / x - 1 ) .

the x chance to get pandaken is 0 . 3 , so the eabt = afbt * ( 1 / 0 . 3 - 1 ) = 70 seconds

do the same steps , we got eabt of firesaur + greenasaur = 1m 53s .

now , you will see the first combination gives pandaken faster ( or more efficient ) than the second one , in a same period of time . that ' s what expected average breeding time is used for .

this metric is only used for comparing avg . time between the combinations . the fastest ( least time ) combination will be base as 100 % . other combinations if slower ( longer time ) will be decreased below 100 % , depends on how much it is longer .

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thank you for taking the time to provide feedback on the iucn red list of threatened species website , we are grateful for your input .

batchelor , a . , de silva , r . , dyer , e . , kasthala , g . , lutz , m . l . , mcguinness , s . , milligan , h . t . , soulsby , a . - m . & whitton , f .

has been assessed as least concern . this species is fished for , both on a subsistence level and commercially , and there is evidence that stocks have been depleted within part of its range . however , this is not believed to being having an impact on the global population , which is broadly distributed throughout the indian oceana and central western pacific .

brunei darussalam ; china ( fujian , guangdong , guangxi , hainan ) ; hong kong ; india ( andaman is . , nicobar is . ) ; indonesia ( kalimantan , sulawesi , sumatera ) ; kenya ; macao ; malaysia ; myanmar ( coco is . , myanmar ( mainland ) ) ; singapore ; somalia ; taiwan , province of china ; tanzania , united republic of ; thailand ; viet nam

according to chan and yu ( 1991 ) this species is actually quite poorly known . this is because most of the previous records , including commercially - caught specimens , belong to different species . it was caught in small quantities off the northeast coast of somalia ( van zalinge 1988 ) and kenya ( de sousa 1988 ) , and more regularly in southern zanzibar at depths of 205 - 300 m ( jiddawi and pandu 1988 ) . its highest abundance was thought to be in the south china sea ( carpenter and niem 1998 ) , though this is now severely depleted due to fishing pressure ( t . y . chan pers . comm . 2009 ) .

this species ranges from 250 - 750 m in depth , but is mostly found between 300 - 450 m ( holthuis 1991 ) . its substrate is hard mud , and it " possibly lives in burrows " according to holthuis ( 1991 ) .

this species is fished both at a subsistence level , and at a commercial level ( t . y . chan pers . comm . 2008 ) .

this species was mentioned as " a potential fishery resource off hong kong " ( longhurst 1970 ) . holthuis ( 1991 ) thought this was likely to be true in other parts of its range . this was due to its size and habitat , on trawlable seabeds , and it was described as " the only species [ of lobster ] of some commercial importance at this time in the western indian ocean " ( fischer and bianchi 1984 ) . it was caught in small numbers by trawling off the coast of somalia ( van zalinge 1988 ) , and in greater numbers at the southern end of the zanzibar channel where it is not exploited ( jiddawi and pandu 1988 ) . attempts in kenya to develop offshore trawling were unsuccessful ( de sousa 1988 ) . chan and yu ( 1991 ) supposed that due to its large size , commercial trawling of this species may be viable ; however , it is unknown how widely this has been taken on since then .

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has been assessed as data deficient . this species is harvested commercially , though it is not known to what extent this is impacting upon the global population other than that landings are in decline . research efforts need to focus on establishing a monitoring program from which to estimate rates of decline before a more accurate assessment of conservation status can be made .

this species is commercially caught in tawian , although in smaller numbers compared to related species ( chan and yu 1991 ) . the reason for this is unknown ; it may be due to it being more difficult to catch ( inhabiting deeper and more rocky areas difficult to trawl ) , or less abundant ( chan and yu 1991 ) .

this species is found on rocky sea floors at depths of 150 - 450 m ( chan and yu 1991 ) .

this species is fished commercially in taiwan , and fetches a high price at markets ( nt $ 300 - 400 / kg ) due to its large size ( chan and yu 1991 ) .

this species is caught for human consumption ; however , " it is less common in the markets than other species " ( holthuis 1991 : 68 ) . the catch of this species is declining but there is a lack of fishery statistics from which to calculate rates of decline ( t . y . chan pers . comm . 2009 ) .

there are no species - specific conservation measures in place for this species . research efforts need to focus on establishing a monitoring program for this species to determine rates of decline .

has been assessed as data deficient . this species is heavily fished throughout its range and declines in the catch have been reported . however , no catch statistics are available from which to determine stock status . further research is needed on fishing effort and harvest levels before a more accurate assessment of conservation status can be made .

this species is distributed from southern japan , south korea , china , and taiwan , to the south china sea ( takeda 2001 ) .

this species appears to be abundant around taiwan ( chan and yu 1987 ) .

this species is found on sandy mud bottoms at depths of between 50 m and 500 m . in the east china sea females are generally ovigerous from mid - september to mid - april , and lay less than 1 , 500 eggs ( holthuis 1991 , wallner and phillips 1995 ) . peak catches of this species occur at night - time ( aguzzi et al . 2003 ) .

there are no species - specific conservation measures in place for this species . monitoring of the harvest levels and fishing effort is needed .

has been assessed as data deficient . further information on the impact of commercial exploitation on its population size and trends is required . this species is harvested throughout much of its range . despite anecdotal and observational evidence from fishermen about population declines , there is a lack of quantitative data from which to quantify rates of decline . further research is recommended to determine the abundance of this species and the impact of trawling before a more accurate assessment of conservation status can be made .

this species occurs off the pacific coast of japan : from choshi , honshu to the east coast of kyushu ( holthuis 1991 ) .

this species is found in mud substrate at depths of 200 - 440 m , preferring 200 - 300 m ( holthuis 1991 ) .

this species is fished using pots and by commercial trawlers throughout its range ( holthuis 1991 ) . it is sold both fresh and frozen , and is a highly - prized gourmet species . it is mainly fished in chiba , suruga bay , the boso peninsula , and sagami bay during the cold seasons ( chan and yu 1991 , okamoto 2008 ) .

the stock of sagami bay appears not to be large , and is threatened by high fishing pressure . so far this has not caused a significant change in the size distribution of the catch , although this may be due to the aggregating nature of this species into size groups ( chan and yu 1991 ) . over - fishing has resulted in decreased numbers . rearing of juveniles in captivity has been successful ( okamoto 2008 ) . however the lack of catch per unit effort data makes it difficult to interpret these observations .

there are no species - specific conservation measures in place for this species . studies have investigated captive rearing of this species with some success ( okamoto 2005 , 2008 ) . this is part of a project initiated to develop land - based aquaculture in order to restock overfished areas ( e . g . , suruga bay ) ; something which has not been achieved with any nephropid lobster ( okamoto 2008 ) . further work is needed to determine the impact of trawling on populations , especially those which might be affected by high fishing pressure . if there is evidence that populations are being severely impacted further measures may need to be introduced ( if not already in place ) to limit the size and / or timing of catches . these include : license limitation ; vessel restrictions ; seasonal closures or periods of no fishing and minumum size limits . although chan and yu ( 1991 ) reported no change in size distribution in harvested populations .

has been assessed as data deficient . this species is only known from the coast of taiwan , and is harvested regularly and declines in the catch have been reported . further research is required to assess the population size of this species , as well as the impact of commercial exploitation before a more accurate assessment can be made .

this species is only known from the northeast and south coasts of taiwan ( holthuis 1991 ) .

this species is found at depths of 150 - 400 m , preferring depths of approximately 250 m , with mud or sand substrates ( holthuis 1991 ) . spawning is in late autumn ( holthuis 1991 ) .

according to chan and yu ( 1987 , 1991 ) this species is caught regularly and throughout the year . it constitutes part of the major catch of

spp . in taiwan , with fresh specimens fetching a high price in local markets ( chan and yu 1987 , 1991 ) . however , catches are low and not constant , likely due to the difficulty of trawling this species ( it occurs near deep , rocky areas ) , and the relatively small size of the stock ( chan and yu 1991 ) . furthermore , local fisherman reported no change in the size of catches over time despite frequent collection of juveniles ( chan and yu 1991 ) , though catch of this species is known to be declining in recent years ( t . y . chan pers . comm . 2009 ) .

this species is fished commercially by baby shrimp trawlers ( chan and yu 1991 ) , however it is known what impact commercial exploitation is having on the population numbers of this species .

there are no species - specific conservation measures in place for this species . further work is recommended to determine present population size and the impact of commercial exploitation .

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name is a combination of " metal " and " nephropidae , " the scientific name for lobsters .

can ' t find a community you love ? create your own and start something epic .

type locality : " challenger " " station 204a , . . . lat . 12°43 ' n . , long . 122°9 ' e . ; between samboangan [ = zamboanga ) and manila ; depth , 100 fathoms [ = 182 m ] ; bottom , green mud " . male lectotype in

indo - west pacific region : korea ( korea strait ) , china ( yellow sea , east china sea , south china sea ) , japan ( from tosa bay on the east coast of shikoku island , and the west coast of kyushu south to the ryukyu islands ) , taiwan , andthe philippines ( off tablas ) .

females are generally caught in the east china sea from the middle of september to the middle of april . the larval development has been described by uchida and dotsu ( 1973 : 23 - 35 ) .

maximum total body length about 15 cm , usually not more than 12 cm .

in korea the species is offered for sale at the busan markets . according to uchida and dotsu ( 1973 : 23 ) the species " is usually caught in the east china sea by trawl net fishing and used as food " . in taiwan the species is sold in markets , and its price is higher than that of

: 48 ) . motoh , dimaano and pution ( 1978 : 22 ) mention that " a kind of red shrimp ( probably nephrops thomsoni ) " is caught by a bobo ( " a kind of baited trap " ) " at deeper water exceeding to 40 m " , in mindanao , philippines .

, report voyage challenger , zool . , 24 : 185 , pl . 25 fig . 1 , pl . 26 figs . 1 - 9 .

china ( province of taiwan ) : te - chia shia ( also used for other species of the genus ) .

baba , k . , k . - i . hayashi and m . toriyama , 1986 . decapod crustaceans from continental shelf and slope around japan . the intensive research of unexploited fishery resources on continental slopes : 1 - 336 , figs 1 - 22 , coloured figs 1 - 176 . ( japan fisheries resource conservation association , tokyo ) .

bate , c . s . , 1888 report on the crustacea macrura collected by h . m . s . challenger during the years 1873 - 76 . report scientific results voyage challenger , ( zool ) , 24 : i - xc , 1 - 942 , text figs . 1 - 76 , pls 1 - 150 .

motoh , h . , m . dimaano and n . putian , 1978 . ecological survey of the giant tiger prawn , penaeus monodon and other edible crustaceans in mindanao ( sept . 3 to 18 , 1978 ) : 1 - 40 , figs 1 - 17 ( aquaculture department seafdec , iloilo ) .

uchida , t . and y . dotsu , 1973 . on the larva hatching and larval development of the lobster , nephrops thomsoni . collection of the t . s . nagasaki maru of nagasaki university . iv . bulletin faculty fisheries nakasaki university , 36 : 23 - 35 , figs 1 - 7

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european community reference laboratory for crustacean diseases , centre for environment , fisheries and aquaculture science ( cefas ) , barrack road , weymouth , dorset dt4 8ub , united kingdom . grant . stentiford @ urltoken


bebearia partita , the falcate forester , is a butterfly in the nymphalidae family .

it is found in cameroon , the republic of the congo , the democratic republic of the congo ( mongala , uele , ituri , north kivu , tshopo , equateur , kinshasa , cataractes , kwango , sankuru and lualaba ) and uganda ( bwamba and toro ) .

the habitat consists of forests .

the larvae feed on hypselodelphys species .

bebearia partita

bebearia partita <EOT> bebearia partita ; ypm ent 422418 ; africa ; uganda ; western province ; toro district ; bwamba ; norman p . mitton ; 1956 - 05

bebearia partita ; ypm ent 422414 ; africa ; uganda ; western province ; toro district ; bwamba ; norman p . mitton ; 1956 - 05

bebearia partita ; ypm ent 422420 ; africa ; uganda ; western province ; toro district ; bwamba ; robert h . carcasson ; 1956 - 05

bebearia ( bebearia ) aurora graueri hecq , 1990 ; revue ent . gen . 1 : 31

etude des bebearia ( note no . 6 ) . sous - genre bebearia hemming groupe brunhilda kby

etude des bebearia ( note no . 7 ) . sous - genre bebearia hemming groupe severini aur .

bebearia mandinga beni hecq , 1990 ; revue ent . gen . 1 : 11

bebearia sophus monforti hecq , 1990 ; revue ent . gen . 1 : 20

bebearia hassoni hecq , 1998 ; ent . africana 3 ( 2 ) : 39

bebearia fontaineana intersecta hecq , 1990 ; revue ent . gen . 1 : 35

remarques sur quelques especes de nymphalidae africains des genres euphaedra , bebearia et euriphene .

etude des bebearia ( note no 4 ) . sous - genre apectinaria hecq groupe mardania

bebearia cocalioides hecqi holmes , 2001 ; trop . zool . 14 ( 1 ) : 46

revision du genre bebearia . note no . 1 . le groupe ' flaminia ' stgr .

bebearia dowsetti hecq , 1990 ; revue ent . gen . 1 : 25 ; tl : rwanda

bebearia bouyeri van de weghe , 2007 ; ent . afr . 12 ( 1 ) : 40

etude des bebearia ( note no . 6 ) . les groupes du sous - genre apectinaria hecq

bebearia ultima hecq , 1990 ; revue ent . gen . 1 : 38 ; tl : basse casmance

bebearia faraveli oremans , 1998 ; ent . africana 3 ( 1 ) : 35 ; tl : gabon

bebearia paludicola holmes , 2001 ; trop . zool . 14 ( 1 ) : 47 ; tl : cameroon

bebearia tini oremans , 1998 ; ent . africana 3 ( 1 ) : 37 ; tl : lolo valley

bebearia cocalia insularis kielland , 1985 ; arnoliad zimbabwe 9 ( 19 ) : 271 ; tl : pemba i .

bebearia orientis malawiensis holmes , 2001 ; trop . zool . 14 ( 1 ) : 56 ; tl : malawi

bebearia paludicola blandi holmes , 2001 ; trop . zool . 14 ( 1 ) : 48 ; tl : ghana

bebearia aurora theia hecq , 1989 ; lambillionea 89 : 72 ; tl : shaba , riv . lulua , kapanga

bebearia flaminia leventisi hecq & larsen , 1997 ; lambillionea 97 ( 1 ii ) : 102 , f . 1

bebearia hemming , 1960 ; annot . lep . ( 1 ) : 12 - 17 ; ts : euryphene iturina karsch

bebearia improvisa ; hecq , 2000 , butterflies of the world 9 : 4 , pl . 18 , f . 1

bebearia ivindoensis van de weghe , 2007 ; ent . afr . 12 ( 1 ) : 36 ; tl : gabon

bebearia lopeensis van de weghe , 2007 ; ent . afr . 12 ( 1 ) : 37 ; tl : gabon

= bebearia senegalensis katera ; hancock , 1992 , j . lep . soc . 46 ( 1 ) : 60 ♂ only

, butterflies of the world part ix ( 9 ) , nymphalidae iv - bebearia . edited by erich bauer and thomas frankenbach keltern

bebearia aurora ; hecq , 2000 , butterflies of the world 9 : 4 , pl . 15 , f . 4 ; [ afrl ]

bebearia kiellandi ; hecq , 2000 , butterflies of the world 9 : 4 , pl . 17 , f . 4 ; [ afrl ]

bebearia ikelemba kamituga ; hecq , 2000 , butterflies of the world 9 : 2 , pl . 3 , f . 1 ; [ afrl ]

bebearia hargreavesi d ' abrera , 1980 ; butterflies of the afrotropical region : 302 ; tl : masisi , n . w . kivu , 5000ft

bebearia fontaineana fontaineana ; hecq , 2000 , butterflies of the world 9 : 4 , pl . 20 , f . 7 ; [ afrl ]

bebearia fontaineana intersecta ; hecq , 2000 , butterflies of the world 9 : 4 , pl . 20 , f . 8 ; [ afrl ]

bebearia amieti ; hecq , 2000 , butterflies of the world 9 : 1 , pl . 2 , f . 7 , 10 ; [ afrl ]

bebearia dowsetti ; hecq , 2000 , butterflies of the world 9 : 3 , pl . 11 , f . 3 - 4 ; [ afrl ]

bebearia peetersi ; hecq , 2000 , butterflies of the world 9 : 4 , pl . 17 , f . 1 - 2 ; [ afrl ]

bebearia tessmanni innocuoides hecq , 2000 ; butterflies of the world 9 : 4 , pl . 17 , f . 7 ; tl : nigeria , okomu

bebearia ducarmei ; hecq , 2000 , butterflies of the world 9 : 4 , pl . 20 , f . 5 - 6 ; [ afrl ]

bebearia bioculata ; hecq , 2000 , butterflies of the world 9 : 4 , pl . 21 , f . 1 - 2 ; [ afrl ]

bebearia cutteri camiadei hecq , 2002 ; lambillionea 102 ( 2 ) : 205 , pl . 2 , f . 2 , 5 ; tl : congo , bangui

bebearia baueri ; hecq , 2000 , butterflies of the world 9 : 6 , pl . 7 - 8 , pl . 31 , f . 1 - 2

bebearia hargreavesi ; hecq , 2000 , butterflies of the world 9 : 3 , pl . 12 , f . 2 - 4 , 7 - 8 ; [ afrl ]

bebearia hassoni ; hecq , 2000 , butterflies of the world 9 : 3 , pl . 10 , f . 7 , pl . 13 , f . 6 ; [ afrl ]

bebearia cottoni ; [ bafr ] , 301 ; hecq , 2000 , butterflies of the world 9 : 3 , pl . 9 , f . 3 - 4 ; [ afrl ]

bebearia fulgurata ; [ bafr ] , 303 ; hecq , 2000 , butterflies of the world 9 : 4 , pl . 9 , f . 5 - 6 ; [ afrl ]

bebearia fontainei ; hecq , 2000 , butterflies of the world 9 : 3 , pl . 10 , f . 3 - 4 , pl . 13 , f . 3 - 4

bebearia raeveli ; hecq , 2000 , butterflies of the world 9 : 5 , pl . 24 , f . 4 , pl . 30 , f . 6 ; [ afrl ]

bebearia allardi ; hecq , 2000 , butterflies of the world 9 : 3 , pl . 10 , f . 5 - 6 , pl . 13 , f . 5 ; [ afrl ]

bebearia picturata ; hecq , 2000 , butterflies of the world 9 : 5 , pl . 24 , f . 1 - 2 , pl . 30 , f . 5 ; [ afrl ]

bebearia cutteri cuypersi hecq , 2002 ; lambillionea 102 ( 2 ) : 205 , pl . 2 , f . 4 , pl . 3 , f . 1 ; tl : congo , lukolela

bebearia schoutedeni ; [ bafr ] , 316 ( text ) ; hecq , 2000 , butterflies of the world 9 : 3 , pl . 11 , f . 1 - 2 ; [ afrl ]

bebearia ikelemba ; [ ebw ] ; [ bafr ] , 308 ; hecq , 2000 , butterflies of the world 9 : 2 , pl . 4 , f . 7 - 8 ; [ afrl ]

bebearia discors ; hecq , 2000 , butterflies of the world 9 : 4 , pl . 16 , f . 5 - 6 , pl . 29 , f . 1 - 2 ; [ afrl ]

bebearia oremansi ; hecq , 2000 , butterflies of the world 9 : 4 , pl . 16 , f . 7 - 8 , pl . 29 , f . 3 - 4 ; [ afrl ]

bebearia liberti ; hecq , 2000 , butterflies of the world 9 : 4 , pl . 18 , f . 7 - 8 , pl . 19 , f . 5 - 6 ; [ afrl ]

bebearia tini ; hecq , 2000 , butterflies of the world 9 : 5 , pl . 23 , f . 7 - 8 , pl . 30 , f . 3 - 4 ; [ afrl ]

bebearia chilonis ; hecq , 2000 , butterflies of the world 9 : 6 , pl . 27 , f . 3 - 4 , pl . 32 , f . 5 - 6 ; [ afrl ]

bebearia faraveli ; hecq , 2000 , butterflies of the world 9 : 6 , pl . 24 , f . 5 - 6 , pl . 30 , f . 7 - 8 ; [ afrl ]

bebearia makala ; [ bafr ] , 312 ; [ nhm card ] ; hecq , 2000 , butterflies of the world 9 : 5 , pl . 25 , f . 1 - 2 ; [ afrl ]

bebearia chloeropis ; [ bafr ] , 312 ; [ nhm card ] ; hecq , 2000 , butterflies of the world 9 : 5 , pl . 25 , f . 3 - 4 ; [ afrl ]

bebearia braytoni ; [ bafr ] , 304 ( text ) ; [ nhm card ] ; hecq , 2000 , butterflies of the world 9 : 5 , pl . 25 , f . 5 - 6 ; [ afrl ]

van de weghe , 2007 description de trois nouvelles especes de bebearia du cameroun et du gabon , et mise au point sur certaines especes ( lepidoptera , nymphalidae , limenitinae ) ent . afr . 12 ( 1 ) : 35 - 43

bebearia chriemhilda ; [ bafr ] , 302 ; [ bk ] : 308 , pl . 41 , f . 511 ; hecq , 2000 , butterflies of the world 9 : 3 , pl . 10 , f . 8 ; [ afrl ]

bebearia intermedia ; [ bafr ] , 314 ( text ) ; [ nhm card ] ; hecq , 2000 , butterflies of the world 9 : 4 , pl . 22 , f . 1 - 2 , pl . 30 , f . 2 ; [ afrl ]

bebearia cinaethon ; [ bow ] : pl . 92 , f . 23 ( text only ) ; [ bafr ] , 308 ; [ nhm card ] ; hecq , 2000 , butterflies of the world 9 : 2 , pl . 4 , f . 5 ; [ afrl ]

defining species groups is a convenient way of subdividing well - defined genera with a large number of recognized species . bebearia species are so arranged in assemblages called " species groups " but ( not superspecies , but an informal phenetic arrangement ) . these may or may not be clades . as molecular phylogenetic studies continue , lineages distinct enough to warrant some formal degree of recognition become evident and new groupings are suggested , but consistent ranking remains a problem .

euryphene tentyris hewitson , 1866 ; ill . exot . butts [ 3 ] ( aterica & euryphene v - vi ) : [ 44 ] , pl . [ 22 ] , f . 21 - 22 ; tl : old calabar

euryphene tentyris var . seeldrayersi aurivillius , 1899 ; k . svenska vetenskakad . handl . 31 ( 5 ) : 201 ; tl : congo , momporo

guinea , sierra leone , libera , ivory coast , ghana . see [ maps ]

ivory coast , ghana , nigeria , cameroon , congo , zaire . see [ maps ]

sierra leone , liberia , ivory coast , ghana , nigeria , cameroon , gabon , congo , c . a . r . , zaire , w . uganda , nw . tanzania . see [ maps ]

euryphene carshena hewitson , 1871 ; ill . exot . butts [ 3 ] ( euryphene vii ) : [ 48 ] , pl . [ 24 ] , f . 31 - 32 ; tl : old calabar

euryphene tentyris var . languida schultze , 1920 ; ergeb . 2tn . dt . zent . afrika exp . 1 ( 14 ) : 724

papilio absolon fabricius , 1793 ; ent . syst . 3 ( 1 ) : 56

e . guinea , sierra leone , liberia , ivory coast , ghana , nigeria , cameroon , gabon , congo , c . a . r . , zaire

euryphene entebbiae lathy , 1906 ; trans . ent . soc . lond . 1906 ( 1 ) : 5 , pl . 2 , f . 1 ; tl : entebbe , uganda

nigeria , cameroon , gabon , congo , c . a . r . , zaire . see [ maps ]

sierra leone , liberia , ivory coast , ghana , nigeria , cameroon , equatorial guinea , gabon , congo , c . a . r . , zaire , uganda . see [ maps ]

aterica zonara butler , 1871 ; proc . zool . soc . lond . 1871 : 81 ; tl : fantee , cape coast

: pl . 92 , f . 20 ( text only , spell . ? )

aterica abesa hewitson , 1869 ; trans . ent . soc . lond . 1869 ( 1 ) : 74 ; tl : cape coast castle

guinea , sierra leone , liberia , ivory coast , ghana , togo , nigeria , cameroon , gabon , congo , c . a . r . , zaire

euryphene oxione hewitson , 1866 ; ill . exot . butts [ 3 ] ( aterica & euryphene v - vi ) : [ 44 ] ; tl : old calabar

cameroon , gabon , congo , angola , c . a . r . , zaire , uganda

euryphene oxione squalida talbot , 1928 ; bull . hill mus . 2 : 230 ; tl : entebbe

cameroon , congo , zaire , w . uganda ( bwamba , toro ) . see [ maps ]

euryphene comus ward , 1871 ; ent . mon . mag . 8 : 82 ; tl : cameroons

euryphene cinaethon hewitson , 1874 ; ill . exot . butts [ 3 ] ( euryphene ix ) : [ 52 ] , pl . [ 26 ] , f . 40 - 41 ; tl : west africa

euryphene ikelemba aurivillius , 1901 ; ent . tidskr . 22 : 116 ; tl : ikelemba r .

guinea , sierra leone , liberia , ivory coast , ghana , togo , w . cameroon , congo . see [ maps ]

papilio cocalia fabricius , 1793 ; ent . syst . 3 ( 1 ) : 250

zaire ( kivu ) , w . uganda , w . kenya , nw . tanzania

euryphene badiana rebel , 1914 ; ann . mus . wien . 28 : 245 , pl . 20 , f . 23 - 24

e . nigeria , cameroon , gabon , congo , n . angola , zaire , w . uganda , w . tanzania , w . zambia

senegal , gambia , guinea bissau , n . guinea , n . sierra leone , n . ivory coast . see [ maps ]

euryphene senegalensis herrich - schäffer , [ 1850 ] ; samml . aussereurop . schmett . ( ii ) 1 : 54 , 1 ( ? 6 ) pl . [ 23 ] , f . 95 - 98

euryphene orientis karsch , 1895 ; ent . nachr . 21 ( 18 ) : 277

euryphene mardania dealbata carcasson , 1958 ; occ . pap . coryndon mus . 5 : 8

nigeria , cameroon , congo , w . zaire , n . angola . see [ maps ]

euryphene guineensis c . & r . felder , [ 1867 ] ; reise fregatte novara , bd 2 ( abth . 2 ) ( 3 ) : 430 ; tl : guinea , calabar vetus

papilio sophus fabricius , 1793 ; ent . syst . 3 ( 1 ) : 46

guinea , sierra leone , liberia , ivory coast , ghana , togo , benin , nigeria , cameroon , . . . ?

euryphene phreone feisthamel , 1850 ; ann . soc . ent . fr . ( 2 ) 8 : 253 ( boisduval )

euryphene sophus audeoudi riley , 1936 ; mitt . schweiz . ent . ges . 16 ( 11 ) : 702 , pl . 7 , f . 2

eyryphene sophus ochreata carcasson , 1961 ; occ . pap . coryndon meml mus . ( 7 ) : 8

aterica barce doubleday , 1847 ; ann . mag . nat . hist . ( 1 ) 20 : 64 ; tl : sierra leone

euryphene barce maculata aurivillius , 1912 ; in seitz , gross - schmett . erde 13 : 178 , pl . 40 a

euryphene staudingeri aurivillius , 1893 ; ent . tidskr . 14 : 199 ; tl : camerun , n ' dian

nigeria , cameroon , gabon , congo , c . a . r . , angola , zaire , uganda , nw . tanzania , n . zambia . see [ maps ]

guinea , sierra leone , liberia , ivory coast , ghana . see [ maps ]

e . nigeria , cameroon , e . zaire , gabon . see [ maps ]

nigeria , cameroon , equatorial guinea , congo , c . a . r .

euryphene brunhilda kirby , 1889 ; ann . mag . nat . hist . ( 6 ) 3 ( 15 ) : 247 ; tl : cameroons

euryphene iturina karsch , 1894 ; ent . nachr . 20 ( 14 / 15 ) : 215

euryphene schoutedeni overlaet , 1954 ; ann . mus . congo belge ( n . s . ) sci . zool . 1 : 490

coastal areas ( e . kenya , e . tanzania ) . see [ maps ]

euryphene chriemhilda staudinger , 1896 ; dt . ent . z . iris 8 ( 2 ) : 370 , pl . 8 , f . 4

euryphene congolensis capronnier , 1889 ; bull . ent . soc . belg . 33 : cxxii ; tl : kassai

euryphene phranza hewitson , 1865 ; ill . exot . butts [ 3 ] ( euryphene ii ) : [ 37 ] , pl . [ 19 ] , f . 7 - 8 ; tl : old calabar

euriphene phranza robiginosus talbot , 1927 ; rev . zool . afr . 15 : 267

cameroon - zaire ( mbandaka - ituri , kasai ) . see [ maps ]

euryphene severini aurivillius , 1898 ; öfvers . k . vetenskakad . förh . stockh . 54 : 280 , f . 2 ; tl : congo , beni - bendi

euryphene aurora aurivillius , 1896 ; öfvers . k . vetenskakad . förh . 53 : 433 ; tl : ubangi

euryphene wilverthi aurivillius , 1898 ; ent . tidskr . 19 : 177 ; tl : congo

aurora kayonza jackson , 1956 ; j . e afr . nat . hist . soc . 23 ( 1 ) : 74

euryphene tessmanni grünberg , 1910 ; s . b . ges . naturf . fr . berl . 1910 ( 10 ) : 471 ; tl : spanish guinea

euryphene flaminia staudinger , 1891 ; dt . ent . z . iris , 4 ( 1 ) : 110 , pl . 1 , f . 4 ; tl : barombi station , cameroons

e . nigeria , cameroon , equatorial guinea , congo , zaire , w . uganda ?

euryphene maximiana staudinger , 1891 ; dt . ent . z . iris , 4 ( 1 ) : 112 ; tl : barombi station , cameroons

euryphene intermedia bartel , 1905 ; novit . zool . 12 : 144 ; tl : kamerun , barombi - station

euryphene nivaria ward , 1871 ; ent . mon . mag . 8 : 82 ; tl : cameroons

nigeria , cameroon , gabon , congo , c . a . r . , w . zaire

euryphene phantasiella staudinger , 1891 ; dt . ent . z . iris , 4 ( 1 ) : 114 ; tl : barombi station

euryphene phantasiella simulata van someren , 1939 ; j . e . afr . uganda nat . hist . soc . 14 ( 65 ) : 54 ; tl : katera

euryphene phantasiella var . ? phantasina staudinger , 1891 ; dt . ent . z . iris , 4 ( 1 ) : 114 ; tl : sierra leone

guinea , sierra leone , liberia , ivory coast , ghana , togo , e . nigeria

sierra leone , liberia , ivory coast , ghana , w . nigeria , cameroon , congo . see [ maps ]

guinea , sierra leone , liberia , ivory coast , ghana , togo , w . nigeria

euryphene demetra obsolescens talbot , 1928 ; bull . hill mus . 2 : 230 ; tl : bitje , ja river

euryphene makala bethune - baker , 1908 ; ann . mag . nat . hist . ( 8 ) 2 ( 12 ) : 473 ; tl : makala , congo free state

euryphene chloeropis bethune - baker , 1908 ; ann . mag . nat . hist . ( 8 ) 2 ( 12 ) : 474 ; tl : makala , congo free state

euryphene eliensis hewitson , 1866 ; ill . exot . butts [ 3 ] ( aterica & euryphene v - vi ) : [ 46 ] , pl . [ 23 ] , f . 23 - 26 ; tl : gaboon

zaire , s . cameroon , gabon , congo , c . a . r .

evena ceres var . unita capronnier , 1889 ; bull . ent . soc . belg . 33 : cxxiv

euryphene luteola bethune - baker , 1908 ; ann . mag . nat . hist . ( 8 ) 2 ( 12 ) : 474 ; tl : makala - beni ; ituri forest , mawamba - makala

euryphene ashantina dudgeon , 1913 ; ent . mon . mag . 49 : 204 ; tl : ashanti , gold coast

romaleosoma cutteri hewitson , 1865 ; ill . exot . butts [ 3 ] ( romaleosoma ii - iii ) : [ 31 ] , pl . [ 16 ] , f . 13 - 15 ; tl : old calabar

euphaedra cutteri harleyi fox , 1968 ; bull . i . f . a . n . ( a ) 30 : 1248 ; tl : wanau forest

euryphene innocua grose - smith & kirby , 1889 ; rhop . exot . [ 2 ] 1 : ( euryphene ) 1 , pl . 1 , f . 3 - 4 ; tl : cameroons

e . nigeria , cameroon , congo , c . a . r . , sw . zaire . see [ maps ]

e . nigeria , cameroun , gabon , congo , w . zaire . see [ maps ]

euryphene castanea holland , 1893 ; can . ent . 25 ( 1 ) : 1 ; tl : kangwé , ogové valley

euryphene ducalis grünberg , 1912 ; ergeb . dt . z . - afr . exped . 3 ( zool . 1 ) : 534

checklist of afrotropical papilionoidea and hesperoidea ; compiled by mark c . williams , 7th ed . ( 2008 ) ( april 2007 ) ;

[ maps ] warning ! the maps are automatically generated from the textual information , and the process does not always produce acceptable result ; see about maps for more info .

reise der österreichischen fregatte novara um die erde in den jahren 1857 , 1858 , 1859 unter den behilfen des commodore b . von wüllerstorf - urbair . zoologischer theil . band 2 . abtheilung 2 . lepidoptera . rhopalocera

contribution a la faune du congo ( brazzaville ) . mission a . villiers et a . descarpentries lxviii . lepidopteres nymphalidae , danaidae et riodinidae

illustrations of new species of exotic butterflies selected chiefly from the collections of w . wilson saunders and william c . hewitson

lepidoptera of the congo . being a systematic list of the butterflies and moths collected by the american museum of natural history congo expedition together with descriptions of some hitherto undescribed species

new lepidoptera collected by mr . t . a . barns , in east central africa . new forms of rhopalocera

verzeichniss der von professor dr . r . bucholz in west - africa gesammelten schmetterlinge

wissenschaftliche ergebnisse der expedition r . grauernach . zentralafrika . 1909 - 1911 . lepidoptera

if you have corrections , comments or information to add into these pages , just send mail to markku savela keep in mind that the taxonomic information is copied from various sources , and may include many inaccuracies . expert help is welcome .

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bicyclus smithi ; ypm ent 406180 ; africa ; uganda ; western province ; toro district ; bwamba ; norman p . mitton ; 1956 - 05

bicyclus smithi ; ypm ent 412904 ; africa ; uganda ; western province ; toro district ; bwamba ; norman p . mitton ; 1956 - 05

euriphene barombina ; ypm ent 422169 ; africa ; uganda ; western province ; toro district ; bwamba ; norman p . mitton ; 1956 - 06

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in appearance . the females , especially , are very similar on their uppersides . the undersides of

: hillside books . isbn 9783931374501 and supplement 3 - detailed text in french .

seitz , a . die gross - schmetterlinge der erde 13 : die afrikanischen tagfalter . plate xiii 40 et seq .

this article is issued from wikipedia - version of the 8 / 19 / 2016 . the text is available under the creative commons attribution / share alike but additional terms may apply for the media files .


sepia ivanovi is a species of cuttlefish native to the southwestern indian ocean , probably throughout southeast africa , including kenya , mozambique , to the mouth of the zambezi river .

it lives at depths to 50 m. s. ivanovi grows to a mantle length of 70 mm .

the type specimen was collected near mombasa , kenya ( 04 ° 03 ′ s 40 ° 00 ′ e ) .

it is deposited at the zoological museum in moscow .

sepia ivanovi

sepia ivanovi <EOT> what type of species is sepia ivanovi ? below , you will find the taxonomic groups the sepia ivanovi species belongs to .

which photographers have photos of sepia ivanovi species ? below , you will find the list of underwater photographers and their photos of the marine species sepia ivanovi .

how to identify sepia ivanovi marine species ? below , you will find the list of main identification criteria and physical characteristics of marine species sepia ivanovi . for each identification criteria , the corresponding physical characteristics of marine species sepia ivanovi are marked in green .

where is sepia ivanovi found in the world ? below , you will find the list and a world map of the geographic distribution where the marine species sepia ivanovi can be found .

gps coordinates of sepia ivanovi , kenya . latitude : - 4 . 0500 longitude : 40 . 0000

a new species of cuttlefish , sepia vecchioni ( cephalopoda , sepiidae ) from colachal coast , south india .

sepia is a genus of cuttlefish encompassing some of the best known and most common species . the name of the genus is the latinized form of the greek σηπία , sēpía , cuttlefish .

^ whiteaves , j . f . 1897 . on some remains of a sepia - like cuttle - fish from the cretaceous rocks of the south saskatchewan . the canadian record of science 7 : 459–462 .

hewitt , r . ( 1978 ) . " the preservation of the shells of sepia in the middle miocene of malta " . proceedings of the geologists ' association 89 : 227–237 . doi : 10 . 1016 / s0016 - 7878 ( 78 ) 80013 - 3 .

this genus is probably the most speciose in the cephalopoda . because of the great variability among species , the genus is best defined by the other two genera ; that is , sepia is the sepiid that doesn ' t have the major characters that define metasepia and sepiella .

yes , it ' s a cephalopod ! this squid and other cephalopods are featured in the cephalopod pages maintained at the national museum of natural history , department of invertebrate zoology ! see the following links for more information on cephalopods .

cephalopods in action . this is a multimedia appendix to published papers , that features video clips of cephalopods filmed from submersibles . included are :

the list of species featured in the videos , arranged as a taxonomic list , only relevant taxa included .

introducing an interactive key to the families of the decapodiformes . try this , it ' s exciting !

expedition journals from the search for the giant squid off new zealand , 1999 .

this page was created by jim felley , mike vecchione , clyde roper , mike sweeney , and tyler christensen . if you have questions or comments , contact mike vecchione .

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khromov , d . n . , c . c . lu , a . guerra , zh . dong et al . / n . a . voss , m . vecchione et al . , eds .

systematics and biogeography of cephalopods . smithsonian contributions to zoology , 586 ( i - ii )

sweeney , m . j . and c . f . e . roper / n . a . voss , m . vecchione , r . b . toll and m . j . sweeney , eds .

taxon validity : [ fide khromov et al . ( 1998 ) ] . repository : zmmgu holotype n - 172 [ fide khromov et al . ( 1998 ) ] . type locality : mombasa , zambezi ( south - east africa )

disclaimer : itis taxonomy is based on the latest scientific consensus available , and is provided as a general reference source for interested parties . however , it is not a legal authority for statutory or regulatory purposes . while every effort has been made to provide the most reliable and up - to - date information available , ultimate legal requirements with respect to species are contained in provisions of treaties to which the united states is a party , wildlife statutes , regulations , and any applicable notices that have been published in the federal register . for further information on u . s . legal requirements with respect to protected taxa , please contact the u . s . fish and wildlife service .

confused by a class within a class or an order within an order ? please see our brief essay .

to cite this page : myers , p . , r . espinosa , c . s . parr , t . jones , g . s . hammond , and t . a . dewey . 2018 . the animal diversity web ( online ) . accessed at https : / / animaldiversity . org .

disclaimer : the animal diversity web is an educational resource written largely by and for college students . adw doesn ' t cover all species in the world , nor does it include all the latest scientific information about organisms we describe . though we edit our accounts for accuracy , we cannot guarantee all information in those accounts . while adw staff and contributors provide references to books and websites that we believe are reputable , we cannot necessarily endorse the contents of references beyond our control .

this material is based upon work supported by the national science foundation grants drl 0089283 , drl 0628151 , due 0633095 , drl 0918590 , and due 1122742 . additional support has come from the marisla foundation , um college of literature , science , and the arts , museum of zoology , and information and technology services .

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© richard e . young , katharina m . mangold ( 1922 - 2003 )

beaks : representative descriptions can be found here : lower beak ; upper beak .

funnel component of locking apparatus without pit - like depression at midpoint of groove .

depth range based on 5379 specimens in 84 taxa . water temperature and chemistry ranges based on 2958 samples . environmental ranges depth range ( m ) : 0 - 795 . 5 temperature range ( °c ) : 6 . 055 - 28 . 954 nitrate ( umol / l ) : 0 . 054 - 32 . 133 salinity ( pps ) : 34 . 112 - 38 . 661 oxygen ( ml / l ) : 1 . 362 - 6 . 244 phosphate ( umol / l ) : 0 . 054 - 2 . 285 silicate ( umol / l ) : 0 . 380 - 63 . 602 graphical representation depth range ( m ) : 0 - 795 . 5 temperature range ( °c ) : 6 . 055 - 28 . 954 nitrate ( umol / l ) : 0 . 054 - 32 . 133 salinity ( pps ) : 34 . 112 - 38 . 661 oxygen ( ml / l ) : 1 . 362 - 6 . 244 phosphate ( umol / l ) : 0 . 054 - 2 . 285 silicate ( umol / l ) : 0 . 380 - 63 . 602 note : this information has not been validated . check this * note * . your feedback is most welcome .

the species listed above with an asterisk ( * ) are questionable and need further study to determine if they are a valid species or a synonym . the question mark ( ? ) indicates questionable placement within the genus .

eol content is automatically assembled from many different content providers . as a result , from time to time you may find pages on eol that are confusing .

to request an improvement , please leave a comment on the page . thank you !