the horned puffin ( fratercula corniculata ) is an auk , similar in appearance to the atlantic puffin .

it is a pelagic seabird that feeds primarily by diving for fish .

it nests in colonies , often with other auks .

horned puffin

horned puffin <EOT> description : the horned puffin is very similar to the atlantic puffin , but it has larger bill and size .

figure 1 . distribution of the horned puffin in north america and easternmost asia .

) . the diet of the horned puffin during winter is not well studied . puffin chicks are fed mostly raw fish .

horned puffin , adult returning to colony with fish , gambell , ak ; august .

atlantic puffin ( a . k . a . the common puffin ) ( fratercula arctica )

tufted puffin ( a . k . a . the crested puffin ) ( fratercula cirrhata )

unlike other puffins , which nest in burrows , the horned puffin typically nests in rock crevices and cliffs .

the horned puffin can fly , but it spends more time in the water as it is a better swimmer .

. nevertheless , predation does not substantially affect horned puffin populations because of their hard - to - reach nesting sites .

the horned puffin uses its large bill to catch fish and marine invertebrates . it can dive up to depths of 80 feet to catch its prey . the horned puffin can carry more than one fish in its mouth at a time .

the puffin can fly , but it is a better swimmer . in order to get airborne , the puffin must run on the surface of the water for a long distance . the horned puffin also dives off cliffs to take flight .

the puffin can fly , but it is a better swimmers . in order to get airborne , the puffin must run on the surface of the water for a long distance . the horned puffin will also will dive off cliffs to take flight .

golubova , e . , m . nazarkin . 2009 . feeding ecology of the tufted puffin ( lunda cirrhata ) and the horned puffin ( fratercula corniculata ) in the northern sea of okhotsk .

a ) atlantic puffin : the atlantic puffin ( formerly common puffin ) lives in the north atlantic . it is the smallest of the puffins and is readily separated from the similar horned puffin by the steel - blue triangle at the base of its beak . range : see answer to question # 3 , below .

the horned puffin is currently rated as least concern . this bird species has a range and population that are sufficient and stable enough at this point for there to be no concern regarding possible decline . the horned puffin is native to japan , canada , russia and the united states . the range of the horned puffin is estimated to be as much as 1 million square kilometers while the population of this bird species is around 800 , 000 individuals . the prior rating for the horned puffin was lower risk , which was downgraded to least concern in 2004 .

rhinoceros auklet ( a . k . a . rhino auklet , horn - billed puffin , unicorn puffin ) ( cerorhinca monocerata )

the horned puffin carries small fish crosswise in its bill and delivers them to its nestlings . one individual was observed carrying 65 fish at once .

horned puffins take advantage of the sea ' s bounty . while nesting and raising their chicks , horned puffins eat mostly fish , bringing back beakfuls of sand lance and capelin to their young . horned puffins can dive up to 80 feet to catch prey .

horned puffins are nomadic and move from breeding grounds when they are too iced over .

the horned puffin uses its large bill to catch fish and marine invertebrates . it can dive up to depths of 80 feet to catch its prey . the puffin can carry more than one fish in its mouth at a time .

horned puffin : tufted puffin has dark underparts and in breeding plumage has pale yellow plumes on head . common and thick - billed murres have entirely dark head , small , dark bill , and white trailing margin on inner wing .

the horned puffin is pelagic . a pelagic animal lives on the open sea . in breeding season , it is found on sea cliffs or on rocky islets .

wehle , d . h . s . 1980 . the breeding biology of the puffins : tufted puffin ( lunda cirrhata ) , horned puffin ( fratercula corniculata ) , common puffin ( f . arctica ) , and rhinoceros auklet ( cerorhinca monocerata ) . phd thesis , univ . of alaska , fairbanks . close

the densities of horned puffin colonies are determined by nest site availability . the higher the breeding site above the water , the less favorable it is considered to be .

the tufted puffin is the largest puffin and is characterized by long , straw - colored feathers that extend back from its crown during the mating season .

the greatest natural predator of the puffin is the great black - backed gull . this gull can catch adult puffins in mid - air . the great black - backed gull will circle high above a puffin colony and pick out a solitary puffin and catch it from behind by dive bombing the unwary puffin .

a striking seabird , the horned puffin nests in colonies on islands and coastlines of alaska . it spends most of the year on the high seas of the northern pacific .

protection / threats / status : the horned puffin has large populations , although some declines or fluctuations can be reported . but currently , the species is not globally threatened .

hatch , s . 2002 . activity patterns and monitoring numbers of horned puffins and parakeet auklets .

tocidlowski , m . , t . cornish , m . loomis , m . stoskopf . 1997 . mortality in captive wild - caught horned puffin chicks ( fratercula corniculata ) .

tufted puffin – north pacific . winters as far south as california or honshu .

and is useful because the colony is very crowded and a puffin is often crossing another puffin’s territory as it walks . the puffins that are guarding burrows usually assume a

diet : the horned puffin feeds primarily on numerous fish species . it also takes squid , crustaceans and marine worms . it performs pursuit - diving and can reach about 40 metres depth .

horned puffin : eats small fish and invertebrates . forages by diving from the surface and swimming underwater ; spines on tongue and in mouth act as hooks , better enabling capture of fish .

horned puffin : one white egg with small dark spots is laid in a crevice or deep hole among boulders . incubation ranges from 40 to 42 days and is carried out by both parents .

in captivity the horned puffin does not do well , especially when taken as a chick . a chick ' s diet must be supplemented with vitamins or it dies quickly due to malnourishment and bacterial infections .

amaral , m . j . 1977 . a comparative breeding biology of the tufted and horned puffin in the barren islands , alaska . master ' s thesis , univ . of washington , seattle . close

the flight of the horned puffin is characterized by a quick take - off . after taking flight these birds beat their wings in a rapid yet shallow pattern . they fly at least thirty meters above the sea .

the horned puffin breeds from northern alaska to british columbia in canada . it winters in the ocean off the coast from alaska to washington . occasionally , stragglers make their way down as far south as southern california .

the horned puffin breeds from northern alaska to british columbia in canada . it winters in the ocean off the coast from alaska to washington . occasionally , stragglers will make their way down as far south as southern california .

the horned puffin ' s legs are set well back on their bodies and it is not very graceful on land , but it is a very good swimmer . it uses its wings to propel themselves and its legs to maneuver .

a puffin can fly 48 to 55 mph ( 77 to 88 km / hr ) . the puffin beats its wings rapidly to achieve this speed reaching up to 400 beats a minute . the wings can move so fast that they become a blur , giving a flying puffin the appearance of a black and white football .

atlantic puffin – north atlantic shorelines , moves as far south as morocco and new york in the winter .

a puffin also communicates information in its manner of walking . if the puffin is walking rapidly with its head lowered it is saying , " i am just passing through and don’t mean any trouble . " this is called a

puffins live for about 20 years in the wild . the oldest known puffin lived to be 36 years old .

the horned puffin ' s legs are set well back on its body , and it is not very graceful on land , but it is a very good swimmer . it uses its wings to propel itself in the water and its legs to maneuver .

responsible stewardship of puffin colonies also benefits other seabirds such as terns and storm - petrels , which nest compatibly on the same islands . techniques developed to restore the puffin are also useful in managing endangered seabirds such as roseate terns .

sealy , s . g . 1973b . breeding biology of the horned puffin on st . lawrence island , bering sea , with zoogeographical notes on the north pacific puffins . pac . sci . no . 27 ( 2 ) : 99 - 119 . close

more than 40 seabird species in at least 12 countries have benefitted from the seabird restoration techniques developed by project puffin .

horned puffins are migratory seabirds of open ocean waters in the winter and coastal islands and rocky cliffs in the summer breeding season . the ‘horned’ part of their common name is derived from the small , dark , fleshy , horn - like projection above the eye that is present in breeding season .

flight : the horned puffin can fly but it is better swimmer than flier . it runs briefly over the water surface while beating its wings before to take off . the flight is rather laboured but strong , with rapid wingbeats . it flies high above the water .

that has the puffin stand stiffly erect with its beak next to its body and using slow exaggerated foot movements . this makes the puffin look like a soldier on guard duty , which is just what it is doing by guarding the burrow .

predators of puffins depend on the puffins as food to feed their own young . although the sight of gulls eating a puffin is not pleasant , predation at large colonies does not hurt the puffin colony because the majority of the puffins survive .

while there is little information on the life span of this species , there have been reports that some horned puffins have lived as long as twenty years .

piatt , john f . and alexander s . kitaysky . 2002 . horned puffin ( fratercula corniculata ) , version 2 . 0 . in the birds of north america ( p . g . rodewald , editor ) . cornell lab of ornithology , ithaca , new york , usa .

) conducted graduate studies on horned and tufted puffins , adding a wealth of new information on breeding biology , behavior , chick growth , diets , and habitat use in the gulf of alaska and the aleutians islands . since then , only a few studies have added substantially to our knowledge of horned puffins ( hatch and hatch

habitat : the horned puffin spends the winter at sea , mainly offshore , within the open water areas of the breeding range to the edge of the continental shelf . during the breeding season , it breeds on rocky offshore islands , rocky cliffs , boulder areas and slopes , rarely in burrows .

range : the horned puffin breeds off the coasts of siberia , alaska and british columbia . it winters at sea but infrequently in open ocean and rarely beyond the northern half of the boreal zone . its winter range is closely related to sea surface temperatures and food availability , mainly pelagic fish .

a puffin can dive for up to a minute but most dives usually last 20 to 30 seconds . while underwater , the puffin swims by using its wings to push it along under the water almost as if it were flying , while using its feet as a rudder .

the horned puffin winters offshore in adjacent areas to breeding grounds , in open waters . dispersions occur after the breeding season in september - october . the northern populations from bering sea move southwards at least to aleutians . the southern populations appear more sedentary with some s movements , even to oregon and california .

horned puffin : found along the pacific coast of north america . breeds from northern alaska south to the british columbia border . spends winters at sea south to washington and oregon ; rarely to california . preferred habitats include cold ocean waters , sea cliffs , and rocky or grass - covered islets and rocks .

harding , a . m . a . 2001 . the breeding ecology of horned puffins fratercula corniculata in alaska . master ' s thesis , univ . of durham , england . close

donations and puffin adoptions are tax - deductible . your tax - deductible donation will help us protect important nesting islands for puffins and other rare seabirds in maine .

horned puffins live primarily on the open ocean , but return to coastal nesting grounds in summer , where they mate and raise their chicks . they nest in crevices on cliffs and rocky islands , often in dense , large , mixed colonies with other puffins and auks . unlike tufted puffins that nest in burrows , horned puffins seek our rocky crevices and outcroppings for their nests , though some nest in burrows .

the puffin’s scientific name , fratercula arctica dates back to the last half of the 1800 ' s . this name means " little brother of the north " in latin . little brother alludes to ' little friar ' referring to the puffin ' s black and white plumage which is reminiscent of a friar ' s robes . a second connotation of little friar may be drawn from the puffin ' s sometime habit of holding it ' s feet together when taking off , suggestive of hands clasped together in prayer .

the open ocean is the winter habitat for horned puffins . in the breeding season , they seek out coastal islands and rocky cliffs . juveniles spend one to two years at sea before coming to land to molt

. this involves a puffin puffing up their body to look bigger and opening their wings and beak slightly . the wider the beak is opened the more upset the puffin . the puffin may also stomp its foot in place to show its displeasure . the bright colors of the feet and beak help illustrate these motions . if the aggressive encounter escalates into a full - scale brawl the puffins will lock beaks . they will then attempt to topple each other in a wrestling match by using their feet and wings in a flurry of action . a fight may gather a crowd of 10 or more puffin spectators . the combatants may become so involved in the fight they end up rolling off their rocky perch .

adopt now and receive : a certificate of adoption , a biography of " your " puffin , and the book how we brought puffins back to egg rock by stephen kress .

horned puffins nest in bluffs of fractured rock or crevices in cliff faces near the shoreline . they may also create burrows in upland areas . in the semidi islands , they occur in the same habitat as parakeet auklets (

the estimated breeding population for horned puffins today is 1 . 2 million birds , with most breeding on islands off the coast of alaska . the largest breeding populations are in the semidi islands with 350 , 000 breeders .

wehle , d . h . s . 1976 . summer food and feeding ecology of tufted and horned puffins on buldir island , alaska - 1975 . master ' s thesis , univ . of alaska , fairbanks . close

range : this species of puffin breeds from northwestern alaska south along coast to central california , and winters at sea throughout the north pacific . also , on northern coast of asia .

puffins can carry several fish back to their nest at a time . the average catch is around 10 fish per trip but the record in britain is a whopping 62 fish at once ! the puffin’s beak is specialized to hold all these fish . the puffin’s raspy tongue holds fish against spines on the palate , while it opens its beak to catch more fish .

petersen , m . r . 1983a . " horned puffin ( fratercula corniculata ) . " in the breeding biology and feeding ecology of marine birds in the gulf of alaska . , edited by p . a . baird and p . j . gould , 401 - 426 . natl . ocean . atmos . admin . , ocseap final rep . 45 : u . s . dep . commer . close

in the summer breeding season , horned puffins have characteristic white " cheeks . "  during winter , the white patch becomes darker and the " horn "  above each eye disappears . the bill becomes smaller and duller .

horned puffins prey on fish , squid , and marine worms , but the overall impact of this predation on prey populations is unknown . they have little impact on other auks because of the isolated nesting grounds this species prefers .

voice : sounds by xeno - canto the horned puffin appears mostly silent outside the breeding season . however , it can become more vocal at the breeding colony , performing some vocal displays associated with threat and defence behaviour , but also as part of courtship and communication between parents and chicks . during the disputes between two males , we can hear some growling “arrr” . but usually , puffins are less vocal than other alcidae species .

puffins are usually 10 inches tall ( 18 cm ) , which is about the height of a quart jug of milk . the puffin weighs about 500 grams , similar to a can of soda

reproduction : the horned puffin usually reoccupies the colonies between mid - may and early june . the peak of laying occurs from mid - june to mid - july . fledging takes place in september . this species breeds in small to large colonies . the nest is placed in rock crevice or crack in rock substrate , on cliff face , in cavities under boulders or talus slopes . it nests less commonly in burrows excavated in grassy island slopes .

a mating pair produces one egg , which is oval in shape . if the egg is lost it is replaced in 10 to 21 days . the egg itself is gray with purple dots , a type of spotting that suggests an ancestral habit of laying eggs out in the open . horned puffin eggs quickly become covered in guano and other debris . they incubate for around 41 days , and both males and females participate in caring for and incubating eggs .

the horned puffin is a small , pigeon - sized bird with black uppersides and a white chest and undersides . it has a white face and cheeks with a small black " horn " above its eyes and a thin , dark line that runs from its eyes to the nape of its neck . it has a large , triangular orange bill with a red tip . it has bright orange legs and webbed feet with claws on the ends of them .

the horned puffin is a small , pigeon - sized bird with black uppersides and a white chest and undersides . it has a white face and cheeks with a small black " horn " above its eyes and a thin , dark line that runs from from its eyes to the nape of its neck . it has a large , triangular orange bill with a red tip . it has bright orange legs and webbed feet with claws on the ends of them .

alaskan natives used horned puffins as food and clothing . parkas are made from the tough skin of this auk and the feathers provide the natives with further insulation . the eggs are still collected as food in the bering straight region with minimal effect on the populations .

puffins make loud growling calls usually from underground which sounds like a muffled chainsaw . the chicks " peep " for food from parents . choose a call from the list below to hear what a puffin sounds like .

puffins can also help tourism . communities benefit from having a healthy puffin colony to share with tourists who contribute to the local economy when paying to see the birds , stay in hotels , and dine in restaurants .

nettleship , d . n . , garcia , e . f . j . & boesman , p . ( 2018 ) . horned puffin ( fratercula corniculata ) . in : del hoyo , j . , elliott , a . , sargatal , j . , christie , d . a . & de juana , e . ( eds . ) . handbook of the birds of the world alive . lynx edicions , barcelona . ( retrieved from urltoken on 9 july 2018 ) .

cleptoparasites are birds that steal a puffin’s food . herring gulls often wait for puffins returning from sea with a beakload of fish , pursue them and steal the fish . they also will pull puffin eggs or chicks from their nest . puffins avoid cleptoparasites by dashing for the safety of the burrow entrance to deliver fish and to avoid gulls . puffins often circle past their burrow a dozen times or more waiting for a chance to safely deliver food .

, horned puffins , is widespread in the pacific and low arctic . it breeds along the coast of british columbia , on some islands and peninsulas around alaska , and along the bering sea coast of russia . it winters off shore , mainly in the north pacific . the species is commonly found on russian islands but can also be seen off the coast of japan and british columbia , rarely as far south as southern california . horned puffins tend to stay in their breeding grounds during the winter as long as the grounds are not iced over .

the horned puffin can be found in the northern pacific ocean , from the coast of japan and south - west canada in the south , up to and including the chukchi sea in the north . it breeds on most of the islands and coasts in this area , up to the north of its range on wrangel island , russia , but can only be found breeding as far south as the queen charlotte islands ( canada ) and sakhalinsk ( russia ) ( del hoyo et al . 1996 ) .

horned puffins forage off shore close to their breeding colonies , spending most of the year in coastal waters . they show no preference with respect to water temperature or salinity . they winter off - shore , preferring open water areas with large populations of the pelagic fish on which they feed .

while humans have hurt puffin numbers in the past , we also have the ability to restore and protect colonies . we need to reduce pollution of our coasts and do a much better job managing our fisheries . this benefits seabirds and people .

the fact that horned puffins are crevice nesting birds has made studying them and monitoring their populations quite difficult . the nesting sites are hard to locate and it may be impractical to count all individuals . instead , counting of individuals must be done by monitoring bird counts at peak season or by counting birds that have been rafted offshore .

the most common time for mating is either morning or evening . birds indicate readiness by head flicking , which may be done either on land or in water . during this display , the bill may be open or closed . members of a pair may mutually bow or put their bills side by side . horned puffins form monogamous pairs .

the word puffin is thought to be derived from the word ‘puff’ which refers to swollen . and it is the puffin chick that contributes best to this name because of its round , puffed look resulting from its dense cover of down feathers - an adaptation for retaining body heat while the parent is off fishing . indeed , they resemble little puff balls with beak and feet . puffins have also been called " clown of the ocean " and " sea parrot " because of their clown - like facial markings and colorful beak ( more like that of toucans ) .

members of the alcidae are known for their penguin - like appearance despite being unrelated to the penguin family . alcids are also known for their habit of nesting in dense colonies . to the people of iceland and the faroe islands , the atlantic puffin and their eggs are also known as food .

most puffins do not breed until they are 5 years old . the earliest a puffin may breed is at age 3 but this is only known from zoos . puffins live a long time and use their pre - breeding years to learn about feeding places , choosing a mate and nest sites .

oil spilled by tankers and drilling operations can destroy the waterproofing on puffin’s feathers causing them to die of exposure to cold temperatures . also , they become sick when they swallow oil while attempting to clean their feathers . chemicals from farming that flow from farm to river to ocean can also make puffins sick .

puffins can carry more than one fish at a time in their beaks . the average is about 10 fish per catch , but one was recorded with 62 fish in its mouth ! a puffin ' s raspy tongue holds fish against spines on the palate , while it opens its beak to catch more fish .

the great black - backed gull is the greatest predator puffins face in the natural world . the gulls are big enough to pick puffins out of the air or their burrows . fox and rats are further threats from nature . herring gulls don’t hurt the adult puffins themselves , but will often steal their food , sometimes right out of their beaks . humans have had a great impact on various puffin colonies through the years . puffins were ( and still are ) a source of food , and their skins , with feathers intact , were traditionally sewn together to make a waterproof cloak or coat . overfishing and pollution have also taken their toll on puffin colonies .

uncontrolled tourism can be harmful to puffin colonies because they need solitude to breed . people who get too close may scare off parents from their duties of feeding their chick . as long as tourists stay on boats at a safe distance and do not disturb the puffins , they can easily enjoy watching a colony during the nesting season .

fights take place frequently , even on rocky slopes , usually when another puffin is perceived to be invading the occupant’s territory . the intruder is threatened with an open bill that exposes the brightly colored mouth lining , head shaking and flicking ( head jerked upward and bent toward the back ) , and side - to - side body rocking .

humans have had a very negative effect on puffins in the past . today , there are threats on land and at sea . for example , over - fishing has caused a disaster for the colony on rost island in norway . in recent years puffin parents have not caught enough fish to feed their chicks . thousands of chicks have starved . this happened because people drastically depleted the herring stocks .

puffins often live 20 years or more . the oldest known puffin lived to be 36 years . maximum age is difficult to determine because while researchers are able to band birds , puffins abrade these bands by nesting among boulders as well as spending the majority of their lives in the open ocean , which causes leg bands to corrode over time . both these mechanisms cause bands to become too worn to read .

during winter , the bills and feet of puffins fade to dull shades of their summer colors . every spring their beaks and feet turn a colorful orange in preparation for the breeding season . the beaks and feet of puffins become brightly colored and the beak increases in size as the bird matures . the size and color of puffin beaks may serve as badges of experience and help birds assess the ‘quality’ of potential mates .

after the egg is hatched , parental care continues for 6 days . feeding of a chick is done during the day by both parents . the chick becomes able to manage its own body temperature between 5 and 6 days after hatching . after this and for the next 35 days , the chick is left alone in the nest while both parents bring it food . there is no evidence of post - fledging care and the chicks depart at night by themselves . horned puffins reach reproductive maturity between 3 and 5 years of age .

female horned puffins lay a single egg in the spring , which is incubated by both parents for 41 days . after the egg hatches , the parents tend the chick closely for the next week . the chick is born altricial , but is able to thermoregulate a little over a week after hatching . after that , the chick is left alone in the nest for the next 37 to 46 days while being attended by the parents only for feeding . pairs defend their nests and males defend their mates . males show a threat display and fight if provoked .

both parents incubate the egg . they place the egg under a wing and then lean their body against the egg . the egg hatches in about 40 days and both parents feed and protect the chick . when the chick fledges in 40 days , the parents leave the chick and return to the open ocean . the chick then goes out to the open ocean waters and remains there for at least two years . puffins breed in large colonies with the tufted puffin .

horned puffins nest in rock cervices in fragments of rocks at the base of a cliff ( talus or scree ) , among beach boulders , and in cracks and crevices in cliff faces . on a few alaskan islands , they also nest in earthen burrows . they excavate and clean their burrows or crevices using their feet , and occasionally the bill . nesting materials include grass , twigs , feathers , and even materials picked up at sea such as floating algae and plastic fishing line and nets . it is not known whether the male , female , or both prepare the nest .

these medium sized sea birds have a stout body , short wings , and feet placed far back on the body . breeding ( alternate ) : . adult horned puffins are black with a large white patch on each side of the face and white underparts from the breast to under the tail feathers . they have a large , parrot - like , oversized bright yellow to reddish - orange bill , the end third of which is red . their legs are yellowish - orange to reddish . their eyelids are red . there is a small leathery ‘horn’ extending upward from above each eye .

adult puffins mostly eat small fish , such as sand eels , herring , hake and capelin . puffin diets vary from colony to colony because of the variety of fish around the breeding islands . during winter puffins may also eat crustaceans , but their preferred food is fish . the young puffins are usually fed fish by their parents . parents carry fish in their bills and either drop them on the burrow floor or pass them to the chick . parents usually feed the chick several times each day .

puffins can serve as food for people . locals of the faroe islands , norway and iceland have hunted puffins for centuries . the lofoten people ( norway ) use special puffin dogs to dig birds from burrows among narrow rocks . the iceland and faroe island locals use a fleyg , which looks like a 4 - meter long lacrosse pole , to catch puffins in flight . hunters who do this require great skill and take pride in only taking puffins that are not bringing back food to their young . this reduces the take of breeders , if successful .

puffins preen on land and in the water . they rub the side of the bill repeatedly on their oil gland and then smear the secretion over the body feathers to waterproof them . wing - flapping is a common behavior in which the puffin lies to one side on the water so that one wing is under - water while the other is held in the air vertical to the water and flapped three to four times in the air . satisfied that one side is clean ; the bird turns onto its other side and repeats the wing - flapping . these behaviors can be watched at the aquarium’s diving bird habitat in the northern pacific gallery .

puffin chicks leave a colony when they fledge and head off to the ocean without their parents . they remain in the open ocean until they are 2 - 3 years old . then they return to the vicinity of the colony where they hatched and may nest near the burrow where they hatched . scientists are unsure how puffins find their way home and are still learning how birds migrate . the puffins may make a mental map of their birthplace and use this to return later . they may use stars , the earth’s magnetic field , sounds , smells and the visual cues of the ocean to help them make this map . while the ocean appears uniform to us , to seabirds it holds vast amounts of information we can’t sense . we still have much to learn from the migrations of seabirds .

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del hoyo , j . , collar , n . j . , christie , d . a . , elliott , a . and fishpool , l . d . c . 2014 . hbw and birdlife international illustrated checklist of the birds of the world . volume 1 : non - passerines . lynx edicions birdlife international , barcelona , spain and cambridge , uk .

the global population is estimated to number > c . 1 , 200 , 000 individuals ( del hoyo et al . 1996 ) , while the population in russia has been estimated at c . 100 - 100 , 000 breeding pairs and c . 50 - 10 , 000 wintering individuals ( brazil 2009 ) . trend justification : the population is suspected to be in decline owing to predation by invasive species and ongoing habitat destruction .

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still abundant in alaska , but undoubtedly has declined on some islands where foxes or rats have been introduced . puffins are considered especially vulnerable to effects of oil spills .

ocean , nesting colonially in burrows or crevices on sea cliffs . during summer usually on ocean waters fairly close to shore of nesting islands ; at other seasons may be very far offshore . nests mainly on rocky islands .

forages while swimming underwater . swims rapidly through schools of small fish , catching them in bill .

one . dull white , usually with faint spots of gray , lavender , brown . incubation is by both sexes , 38 - 43 days . young : both parents feed nestling , carrying fish in bill and dropping them in nest or near entrance . adults generally forage in waters close to colony , may make more frequent feeding visits than tufted puffins . young depart from nest at about 38 - 44 days ; unable to fly well at departure , they flutter or tumble down to water and swim out to sea , apparently independent from then on .

mostly fish . favors small fish , especially sand lance and capelin , also sticklebacks , smelt , and others . food brought to young almost entirely fish . adults also eat many squid , marine worms , and crustaceans .

breeds in colonies on islands , usually with other species of auks . nest site is in burrow in ground , 1 - 3 ' or longer , perhaps sometimes with two entrances ; also in natural crevice in cliff or among boulders . burrow ( apparently excavated by both sexes ) may be re - used in following years . nest chamber may by lined with grasses or may be bare .

poorly known . departs from vicinity of northern colonies in winter ( when surrounding waters frozen solid ) . some reportedly winter near aleutians , others may be far out at sea . in some years , numbers found off california in spring , suggesting that they may have wintered very far offshore ( perhaps hundreds of miles ) and come closer to coast on northward migration . an " invasion " once reached the northwestern hawaiian islands .

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a pelagic animal lives on the open sea . in breeding season it can be found on sea cliffs or on rocky islets .

in the summer , puffins come in from the open ocean to mate . puffins form pairs that mate for life . a pair usually builds a nest in a crevice in a cliff or in a hole between boulders . the female lays only one egg a year .

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this is a large and highly varied group of birds that do not have many outward similarities . most are water birds that feed on invertebrates or small aquatic creatures . the order is well represented in washington , with seven families :

wrangel i , heard i and coasts of chukotskiy peninsula s through kamchatka and commander is to sea of okhotsk , sakhalin and n kuril is , and n & w alaska ( near barrow ; cape lisburne and diomede is ) s through bering sea to aleutians and e through gulf of alaska s to british columbia ( queen charlotte is ) . chiefly pelagic in winter , dispersing over a large area of the central north pacific .

36–41 cm ; 612 g ; wingspan 56–58 cm . large , triangular red - tipped yellow bill , laterally compressed , with orangy rictal rosette at gape , yellowish mouth and tongue . . .

generally silent at sea . at breeding colonies , a low - pitched mooing growl usually comprising a few . . .

marine , occurring along sea coasts on rocky cliffs and offshore islands . breeds mainly on rocky . . .

predominantly an inshore feeder during the breeding season , usually within 1–2 km from shore , but sometimes 16 km or more out . . . .

spring arrival and start of breeding variable , with major movement through bering sea during may and reoccupation of colonies usually mid - . . .

winters over a broad area of the central north pacific , generally over deep oceanic waters . it is . . .

not globally threatened ( least concern ) . the global population is not known precisely , in part because many of the colonies are remote and the birds nest in rock crevices , . . .

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this map displays aggregated data from ibc and my birding ( anonymously ) ; markers do not indicate precise localities .

the lights in our diving birds habitat are operated by a computer program that changes the amount of light in the exhibit to match that in their far north natural environment where the summer days of the breeding season are long and the winter at sea days very short . during the winter the habitat becomes dark at about 4 pm .

summer : gulf of alaska , aleutian islands , bering and chukchi seas , sea of okhotak , kuril islands , rarely british columbia . winter offshore in the central and north pacific ocean . rarely in southern california in late spring .

non - breeding ( basic ) : the white face patches become a smoky grayish - brown in front and silver gray in back . the bill is smaller , duller , and the plate that makes up the outer bill covering is lost . the horn is also absent and feet become a pale fleshy color . body plumage becomes blackish - gray above and brownish - gray below .

juveniles have coloration similar to that of adults in basic plumage ; however , their face patch is smoky black , their bill is shorter , narrower , and entirely grayish - brown , and their upper body plumage is a dull blackish - brown with the underparts dirty white washed with a brownish - gray color .

adults are 35 . 6 to 38 . 1 cm ( 14 to 15 in ) long and weigh 400 to 600 g ( 14 . 1 to 21 . 1 oz ) .

puffins breed in colonies . socially monogamous , they form pair bonds that often last for many years . they arrive at the breeding grounds either in pairs or form pairs shortly after arrival . courtship usually takes place on the water and begins with the male lifting his bill straight up , opening and closing his mouth , and jerking his head while the female hutches over low to the water keeping her head and neck close to her body . these actions are followed by billing in which the two birds face each other , waggle their heads , and touch bills repeatedly while opening and closing their mouths .

they walk on rocky surfaces in an upright poison clinging to the uneven path with the clawed feet that they also use in nest preparation .

puffins are well - suited to life at sea . their feathers are waterproof to keep out the cold water in which they dive to feed . their short , stiff wings help them to “fly” underwater in search of prey . their bones are very strong to withstand the pressure underwater . they can store oxygen in their body tissues and also use anaerobic respiration to enable them to make long dives .

historically , puffins were used for food and clothing by some alaskan and canadian native people such as the aleuts and the inuits . reversible parkas made from the skins of about forty - five puffins were worn feathers outside in rainy weather and feathers inside in cold dry weather . bills were used as ornaments on clothing , in children’s rattles , and on mittens worn in ceremonial dances .

our puffins eat capelin , squid , krill and silversides , and like to be hand - fed . most come right over for their three daily feedings . " they know i ' m the guy with the food , "  says aviculturist eric miller . " most are quite polite . "

hand - feeding is a form of " enrichment "  that keeps our birds happy and stimulated , but it also has practical benefits . by using food as reinforcement , eric hopes to be able to train the birds to step on a scale or undergo medical exams .

today tons of plastic trash swirls on ocean currents and seabirds looking for flashing fishes frequently mistake shiny plastic debris for food . with their stomachs full of plastic instead of fish , many oceanic birds risk starvation . you can help : less plastic on land means less plastic in the sea .

while puffins do fly , they mostly swim while at sea . their legs are set far back on their bodies , which means they ' re not very graceful on land , but they ' re very good swimmers .

puffins use counter - shading to hide from hungry predators . a dark color on top makes it hard for predators above to see they blend with the dark water . the light color on the underside helps them hide from predators swimming below .

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in alaska , 50 % percent of all individuals live ninety kilometers from the mainland of the west coast , on the semidi islands .

( freethy , 1987 ; gatson , et al . , 1998 ; harrison , 1983 ; hatch , 1983a )

( freethy , 1987 ; gatson , et al . , 1998 ; hatch , 1983a )

( gatson , et al . , 1998 ; hoyo , et al . , 1996 )

males may perform a swim display in which they raise themselves from the water and extend their necks upwards . then they flick their heads , and at this time mounting is often observed . mating takes place mostly in water with some rare cases on land .

( " alaska seabird information series " , 2006 ; gatson , et al . , 1998 )

not much is known about the molting process besides that it takes place in autumn to winter , and bill ornaments are dropped at the end of caring for the chick .

like some other marine birds , females have sperm storage glands . it is not known if they are functional .

( freethy , 1987 ; gatson , et al . , 1998 ; hatch , 1983b )

is not well studied . some estimates are that it can survive 20 years or more .

these birds are usually not vocal but become so when they are threatened . they are diurnal , and peak time for them to be on land is between 8am and 12pm . they do not interact with other auks in their colonies .

winters close to the breeding grounds and individuals are interspersed at low densities . over - wintering locations and patterns , however , are poorly known .


the springer 's sawtail catshark ( galeus springeri ) is a little-known species of catshark , belonging to the family scyliorhinidae , found in waters 457 – 699 m ( 1,499 – 2,293 ft ) deep off the islands of the antilles , from cuba to the leewards .

a small , slim-bodied species reaching a length of 48 cm ( 19 in ) , the springer 's sawtail catshark can be identified by its color pattern of horizontal dark stripes in front of the first dorsal fin , and dark dorsal saddles behind .

it is additionally characterized by the presence of saw-toothed crests , made of enlarged dermal denticles along both the dorsal and the ventral edges of the caudal fin .

the springer 's sawtail catshark is oviparous .

the international union for conservation of nature ( iucn ) presently lacks the information to assess its conservation status .

springer ' s sawtail catshark

springer ' s sawtail catshark <EOT> springer ' s sawtail catshark [ galeus springeri ] meaning , s . . . | english cobuild dictionary

“the particular highlight for me was in fact the smallest shark we captured , a springer’s sawtail catshark .

search springer ' s sawtail catshark [ galeus springeri ] and thousands of other words in english cobuild dictionary from reverso . you can complete the definition of springer ' s sawtail catshark [ galeus springeri ] given by the english cobuild dictionary with other english dictionaries : wikipedia , lexilogos , oxford , cambridge , chambers harrap , wordreference , collins lexibase dictionaries , merriam webster . . .

little is known of the natural history of the longfin sawtail catshark . reproduction is

dr . dean grubbs studies one of the most exciting discoveries so far in the project , a 47cm long springer ' s sawtail catshark , a species which is very new to science , having only been described in 1998 .

virtually nothing is known of the natural history of the longnose sawtail catshark . males and females

the atlantic sawtail catshark reaches a maximum known length of 45 cm ( 18 in ) .

the atlantic sawtail catshark is rarer than the blackmouth catshark , which shares its range . its natural history is poorly understood . reproduction is

, a new species of sawtail catshark from the caribbean sea ( chondrichthys , scyliorhinidae ) " .

figaro striatus gledhill , last & w . t . white , 2008 ( northern sawtail catshark )

the largest known specimen of the southern sawtail catshark measured 43 cm ( 17 in ) long .

close - up of the denticle crest along the dorsal caudal fin margin of the longfin sawtail catshark .

springer , s . ( 1966 ) . " a review of western atlantic cat sharks , scyliorhinidae , with descriptions of a new genus and five new species " .

springer ' s sawtail catshark is found in the western central atlantic from lesser antilles , puerto rico , northern hispaniola , and cuba . catsharks are so named for their slender bodies and cat - like eyes . despite being the largest family of sharks , catsharks are relatively unknown . this may be attributed to a combination of both their nocturnal lifestyle and deepwater habitat .

the lined catshark or banded catshark ( halaelurus lineatus ) is a species of catshark , belonging to the family scyliorhinidae . it is found in the waters off the coasts of beira , mozambique to east london , and south africa between latitudes 19° s and 31° s , from the surface to 290 m . it can grow up to 56 cm in length .

nakaya , k . , s . tanaka , and c . mccormack ( 2008 ) .

bozzanao , a . , r . murgia , s . vallerga , j . hirano and s . archer ( 2001 ) . " the photoreceptor system in the retinae of two dogfishes ,

renowned shark expert stewart springer described the longfin sawtail catshark in a 1966 issue of the united states fish and wildlife service fishery bulletin , based on a 31 cm ( 12 in ) long female collected off panama on may 30 , 1962 . he named the species after french zoologist jean cadenat , who described the similar african sawtail catshark ( g . polli ) . springer and other authors would subsequently come to regard g . cadenati as a subspecies of the roughtail catshark ( g . arae ) . in 1998 and 2000 , hera konstantinou and colleagues published revisions of the g . arae species complex in which they elevated g . a . cadenati back to the rank of full species , along with the other subspecies g . a . antillensis .

after a polynesian word for " shark " . however , lesson ' s description and name were forgotten .

compagno , l . j . v . , m . dando and s . fowler ( 2005 ) .

sp . nov . , a new species of sawtail catsharks ( charcharhiniformes : scyliorhinidae ) from new caledonia " .

one of the key characteristics of figaro , the ventral crest of denticles on the caudal fin , is also present in several species of the genus parmaturus , as well as the springer ' s sawtail catshark ( g . springeri ) and the mouse catshark ( g . murinus ) . [ 6 ] figaro also closely resembles the genus asymbolus in several morphological characters , including the fusion of the pelvic fin inner margins in adult males . more research is required to elucidate the relationships between figaro , galeus , asymbolus , and parmaturus . [ 4 ]

stafford - deitsch , jeremy ( 1988 ) . shark : a photographer ' s story . sierra club books .

ragonese , s . , g . nardone , d . ottonello , s . gancitano , g . b . giusto , and g . sinacori ( 2009 ) . in the strait of sicily ( central mediterranean sea ) "

horie , t . and s . tanaka ( 2000 ) . " reproduction and food habits of two species of sawtail catsharks , galeus eastmani and g . nipponensis , in suruga bay , japan " . fisheries science 6 : 812–825 .

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virtually nothing is known of the natural history of the longnose sawtail catshark . males and females mature sexually at around 66–71 cm ( 26–28 in ) and 68–78 cm ( 27–31 in ) long respectively .

while specific data is lacking , the longnose sawtail catshark is likely taken as bycatch in deepwater trawl fisheries . the international union for conservation of nature ( iucn ) has listed it under data deficient .

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to the tiger catshark , until it was described as a separate species in 1975 .

the blackmouth catshark has well - developed eyes and ampullae of lorenzini for finding prey .

tachikawa , h . and t . taniuchi ( february 20 , 1987 ) . " galeus longirostris , a new species of the sawtail catshark from japan " . japanese journal of ichthyology 33 ( 4 ) : 352–359 .

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richard h . backus , stewart springer and edgar l . arnold , jr . a contribution to the natural history of the white - tip shark , pterolamiops longimanus ( poey ) , 1956 , deep - sea research vol . 3

soto , j . m . r . ( 2001 ) . " galeus mincaronei sp . nov . ( carcharhiniformes , scyliorhinidae ) , a new species of sawtail catshark from southern brazil " . mare magnum 1 ( 1 ) : 11–18 .

the longfin sawtail catshark ( galeus cadenati ) is a rare , little - known species of catshark , part of the family scyliorhinidae . once thought to be a subspecies of the roughtail catshark ( g . arae ) along with the antilles catshark ( g . antillensis ) , it inhabits deep water off the caribbean coasts of panama and colombia . this slim - bodied species has a marbled dorsal color pattern and a prominent crest of enlarged dermal denticles along the dorsal edge of its caudal fin . it can be distinguished from similar species by its relatively longer anal fin and small adult length of under 35 cm ( 14 in ) . the longfin sawtail catshark is oviparous . the international union for conservation of nature ( iucn ) currently lacks the data to assess its conservation status .

also known as an atlantic false catshark , the false catshark is the only member of the genus pseudotriakis . this species is found nearly globally , in deepwater habitats up 6 , 200 feet .

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konstantinou , h . and j . r . cozzi , 1998 . galeus springeri , a new species of sawtail catshark from the caribbean sea ( chondrichthyes , scyliorhinidae ) . copeia 1998 ( 1 ) : 151 - 158 . ( ref . 28030 )

to cite this page : myers , p . , r . espinosa , c . s . parr , t . jones , g . s . hammond , and t . a . dewey . 2018 . the animal diversity web ( online ) . accessed at https : / / animaldiversity . org .

the dwarf sawtail catshark has a slim , firm body and a distinctively short , rounded snout . the nostrils are divided by triangular flaps of skin on their anterior rims . the horizontally oval eyes are placed somewhat high on the head , and equipped with rudimentary

the australian spotted catshark is endemic to the coastal waters of australia , at depths up to 575 feet . resting motionless among coral reefs , this species of catshark exhibits a capacity for camouflage during the daylight hours .

. the fins are significantly larger than most other shark species , and are conspicuously rounded . the shark ' s nose is rounded and its eyes are circular , with

also known as s green - eye spurdog , this species is distributed throughout temperate and subtropical waters globally , typically at depths between 13 and 3 , 130 feet .

the longnose sawtail catshark has been recorded from south of japan , off the islands of amami oshima , ogasawara , and izu . this demersal species inhabits upper insular slopes at a depth of 350–550 m ( 1 , 150–1 , 800 ft ) , and is reportedly rather common .

konstantinou , h . ; j . r . cozzi ( 1998 ) . " galeus springeri , a new species of sawtail catshark from the caribbean sea ( chondrichthys , scyliorhinidae ) " . copeia . 1998 ( 1 ) : 151–158 . doi : 10 . 2307 / 1447711 .

the first known specimen of the longnose sawtail catshark was hooked on a bottom longline off the ogasawara islands in 1983 . the new species was described by hiroyuki tachikawa and toru taniuchi in a 1987 issue of the japanese journal of ichthyology , and given the specific epithet longirostris from the latin longus ( " long " ) , and rostrum ( " snout " ) . a 68 cm ( 27 in ) long female caught off amami oshima was designated as the type specimen . within the genus , this species most closely resembles the broadfin sawtail catshark ( g . nipponensis ) .

the longfin sawtail catshark may be caught incidentally in bottom trawls meant for shrimp , though no specific information is available . its small range potentially renders it susceptible to overfishing . given a lack of information , the international union for conservation of nature ( iucn ) has listed this species as data deficient .

the international union for conservation of nature ( iucn ) does not have enough specific data on the broadfin sawtail catshark to assess it beyond data deficient . it is caught incidentally to an unknown degree in bottom trawls operated by commercial deepwater fisheries off japan and in the east china sea . [ 1 ]

the southern sawtail catshark ( galeus mincaronei ) is a species of catshark , part of the family scyliorhinidae , endemic to southern brazil . it inhabits deepwater reefs on the upper continental slope at a depth of 236–600 m ( 774–1 , 969 ft ) . reaching at least 43 cm ( 17 in ) in length , this slim - bodied species closely resembles the antilles catshark ( g . antillensis ) . it has a prominent crest of enlarged dermal denticles along the dorsal edge of the caudal fin , as well as a distinctive color pattern of dark oval blotches , outlined in white , along its back . the southern sawtail catshark is oviparous , with females producing reddish egg capsules . the international union for conservation of nature ( iucn ) has assessed it as vulnerable ; it is often taken as bycatch and may be threatened by intensifying squid fishing .

the broadfin sawtail catshark has a slim , firm body and a head comprises less than one - fifth of the total length . the snout is rather long , flattened , and pointed , with large nostrils that bear triangular skin flaps on their anterior rims . the sizable eyes are horizontally oval and equipped with rudimentary

this page is based on the copyrighted wikipedia article broadfin sawtail catshark ; it is used under the creative commons attribution - sharealike 3 . 0 unported license ( cc - by - sa ) . you may redistribute it , verbatim or modified , providing that you comply with the terms of the cc - by - sa

the biology of hasselt ' s bamboo shark is poorly known . the species is a common bottom dweller , endemic to the indo - west pacific , specifically around thailand , malaysia and indonesia .

this exciting new direction of shark research will continue to investigate and explore the deep - water inhabitants of the bahamas and provide much needed information on this minimally studied area of the world’s oceans .

the australian sawtail catshark is a common , yet poorly known species , endemic to australian waters . catsharks are so named for their slender bodies and cat - like eyes . despite being the largest family of sharks , catsharks are relatively unknown . this may be attributed to a combination of both their nocturnal lifestyle and deepwater habitat .

compagno , l . j . v . ; dando , m . ; fowler , s . ( 2005 ) . sharks of the world . princeton university press . pp . 233–234 . isbn .

iglésias , s . p . , g . lecointre and d . y . sellos ( 2005 ) . " extensive paraphylies within sharks of the order carcharhiniformes inferred from nuclear and mitochondrial genes " .

also known as owston ' s dogfish , the roughskin dogfish is a virtually unknown deepwater species . its range lies within tropical , subtropical , and temperate waters at depths up 4 , 920 feet .

the broadfin sawtail catshark is endemic to the northwest pacific from japan and the kyushu - palau ridge . catsharks are so named for their slender bodies and cat - like eyes . despite being the largest family of sharks , catsharks are relatively unknown . this may be attributed to a combination of both their nocturnal lifestyle and deepwater habitat .

the northern sawtail catshark is an undescribed species found only around northeast australia off the coast of queensland . catsharks are so named for their slender bodies and cat - like eyes . despite being the largest family of sharks , catsharks are relatively unknown . this may be attributed to a combination of both their nocturnal lifestyle and deepwater habitat .

the blacktip sawtail catshark is endemic to the western pacific , more specifically japan , taiwan and the philippines . catsharks are so named for their slender bodies and cat - like eyes . despite being the largest family of sharks , catsharks are relatively unknown . this may be attributed to a combination of both their nocturnal lifestyle and deepwater habitat .

the dwarf sawtail catshark , one of the smallest sharks , is found only off luzon in the philippines . catsharks are so named for their slender bodies and cat - like eyes . despite being the largest family of sharks , catsharks are relatively unknown . this may be attributed to a combination of both their nocturnal lifestyle and deepwater habitat .

also known as plunket ' s shark , this uncommon shark remains virtually unknown . its geographic range is limited to southeastern australia , and new zealand , at depths between 720 and 5 , 085 feet .

along with the velvet lanternshark , this shark is one of the world ' s smallest shark species . the lower portion of its body is luminescent , which helps to protect its from lurking predators below .

also known as the chilean catshark , the redspotted catshark is commonly found in the coastal waters of the southeastern pacific , from central peru to southern chile . this nocturnal species is typically solitary , residing in caves and crevices during the day and emerging at night to feed

the longnose sawtail catshark is found only within the northwest pacific islands of amami - oshima , ogasawara and izu . catsharks are so named for their slender bodies and cat - like eyes . despite being the largest family of sharks , catsharks are relatively unknown . this may be attributed to a combination of both their nocturnal lifestyle and deepwater habitat .

the slender sawtail catshark is found only from northern australia , at depths between 950 and 1 , 540 feet . catsharks are so named for their slender bodies and cat - like eyes . despite being the largest family of sharks , catsharks are relatively unknown . this may be attributed to a combination of both their nocturnal lifestyle and deepwater habitat .

the southern sawtail catshark is endemic to the western central atlantic , at depths up to 2 , 460 feet . catsharks are so named for their slender bodies and cat - like eyes . despite being the largest family of sharks , catsharks are relatively unknown . this may be attributed to a combination of both their nocturnal lifestyle and deepwater habitat .

anguilla ; antigua and barbuda ; cuba ; dominican republic ; guadeloupe ; haiti ; jamaica ; montserrat ; puerto rico ; saint kitts and nevis ; virgin islands , british ; virgin islands , u . s .

the longfin sawtail catshark is a rare species found in the western central atlantic , from panama and colombia , venezuela . catsharks are so named for their slender bodies and cat - like eyes . despite being the largest family of sharks , catsharks are relatively unknown . this may be attributed to a combination of both their nocturnal lifestyle and deepwater habitat .

the african sawtail catshark is found from southern morocco to namibia , at depths of between 650 and 2 , 360 feet . catsharks are so named for their slender bodies and cat - like eyes . despite being the largest family of sharks , catsharks are relatively unknown . this may be attributed to a combination of both their nocturnal lifestyle and deepwater habitat .

iglésias , s . p . ; m . h . du buit & k . nakaya ( 2002 ) . " egg capsules of deep - sea catsharks from eastern north atlantic , with first descriptions of the capsule of

the atlantic sawtail catshark is known only from a holotype found off cape spartel , on the northwest coast of morocco , at 1 , 770 feet . catsharks are so named for their slender bodies and cat - like eyes . despite being the largest family of sharks , catsharks are relatively unknown . this may be attributed to a combination of both their nocturnal lifestyle and deepwater habitat .

federov ' s catshark is a deepwater species , found only on the tohoku slope , japan , at depths between 320 and 4 , 920 feet . catsharks are so named for their slender bodies and cat - like eyes . despite being the largest family of sharks , catsharks are relatively unknown . this may be attributed to a combination of both their nocturnal lifestyle and deepwater habitat .

this article is part of project scyliorhinidae , a all birds project that aims to write comprehensive articles on each catshark , including made - up species .

the graceful catshark is an uncommon and poorly known bottom - dwelling shark found in the western pacific ocean , from japan to vietnam and northwestern java .

this article was sourced from creative commons attribution - sharealike license ; additional terms may apply . world heritage encyclopedia content is assembled from numerous content providers , open access publishing , and in compliance with the fair access to science and technology research act ( fastr ) , wikimedia foundation , inc . , public library of science , the encyclopedia of life , open book publishers ( obp ) , pubmed , u . s . national library of medicine , national center for biotechnology information , u . s . national library of medicine , national institutes of health ( nih ) , u . s . department of health & human services , and urltoken , which sources content from all federal , state , local , tribal , and territorial government publication portals ( . gov , . mil , . edu ) . funding for urltoken and content contributors is made possible from the u . s . congress , e - government act of 2002 .

rafinesque likely intended g . mustelus to be the type species for galeus , but of his listed species he furnished a description only for g . melastomus . therefore , in 1908 henry weed fowler designated g . melastomus as the type species of galeus , establishing the genus to contain the sawtail catsharks . [ 5 ] pristiurus became a junior synonym , though it continued to appear in scientific literature for some time after . fowler ' s definition of galeus gained widespread acceptance after henry bryant bigelow and william charles schroeder ' s 1948 taxonomic review . [ 3 ] [ 6 ] in 1952 , philip orkin advocated that pristiurus take precedence over galeus , based on david starr jordan and barton warren evermann ' s ( possibly questionable ) designation of g . mustelus as a type species for galeus in 1896 . [ 7 ] leonard compagno and most other recent authors have not upheld his proposal , in the interests of taxonomic stability . [ 3 ]

compagno , l . j . v . , m . dando and s . fowler ( 2005 ) . sharks of the world . princeton university press . p . 224 . isbn 978 - 0 - 691 - 12072 - 0 .

rinelli , p . , t . bottari , g . florio , t . romeo , d . giordano , and s . greco ( 2005 ) . ( chondrichthyes , scyliorhinidae ) in the southern tyrrhenian sea ( central mediterranean ) "

compagno , l . j . v . , m . dando and s . fowler ( 2005 ) . sharks of the world . princeton university press . pp . 227–228 . isbn 978 - 0 - 691 - 12072 - 0 .

compagno , l . j . v . , m . dando and s . fowler ( 2005 ) . sharks of the world . princeton university press . pp . 228–229 . isbn 978 - 0 - 691 - 12072 - 0 .

fanelli , e . , j . rey , p . torres , and l . gil de sola ( 2009 ) . " feeding habits of blackmouth catshark

tursi , a . , g . d’onghia , a . matarrese , and g . piscitelli ( 1993 ) . " observations on population biology of the blackmouth catshark

the broadfin sawtail catshark is an opportunistic predator known to consume a wide variety of bony fishes ( including sardinops melanostictus , glossandon semifasciatus , chlorophthalmus albatrossis and lanternfishes ) , cephalopods ( including sepiolid and enoploteuthid squid ) , and crustaceans ( including isopods , krill , and decapods ) . young sharks exhibit greater variation in diet across seasons than immature and mature sharks , which consistently feed predominantly on fish . the dietary composition of young sharks in suruga bay differs from that of the co - occurring gecko catshark ( g . eastmani ) , perhaps to reduce interspecific competition . [ 5 ]

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the southern african ' s appearance greatly resembles the frilled shark , save for a more elongated head and a shorter body . several collected specimens in its range have yielded little information regarding its biology , other than it has remained virtually unchanged over time .

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the longfin sawtail catshark does not co - occur with either g . arae or g . antillensis . it has only been found in the caribbean sea off panama and colombia , though confusion with its sister species could have obscured the full extent of its distribution . demersal in nature , it is a rare inhabitant of the upper continental slope , at depths of 431 to 549 m ( 1 , 414 to 1 , 801 ft ) .

deep - sea chondrichthyans , like many deep - water fishes , are very poorly understood at the most fundamental biological , ecological and taxonomic levels . our study represents the first ecological investigation of deep - water elasmobranch assemblages in the bahamas , and the first assessment of species - specific resilience to capture for all of the species captured . standardised deep - water longline surveys ( n = 69 ) were conducted september to december 2010 and 2011 between 472 m and 1024 m deep , resulting in the capture of 144 sharks from 8 different species . these included the cuban dogfish , squalus cubensis , the bigeye sixgill shark , hexanchus nakamurai , the bluntnose sixgill shark , hexanchus griseus , the smooth dogfish , mustelus canis insularis , the roughskin dogfish , centroscymnus owstoni , springer ' s sawtail catshark , galeus springeri and the false catshark , pseudotriakis microdon . preliminary genetic analysis indicated two or more species of gulper sharks , centrophorus spp . ; however , for the present study they were treated as a single species complex . water depth and distance from the rocky structure of the exuma sound wall were inversely correlated with species richness , whereas seabed temperature was directly correlated with species richness . these variables also had a significant influence on the abundance and distribution of many species . expanded depth ranges were established for s . cubensis and h . nakamurai , which , in the case of s . cubensis , is thought to be driven by thermal preferences . at - vessel mortality rates increased significantly with depth , and post - release mortality was thought to be high for some species , in part due to high post - release predation . this study highlights the importance of utilising strategic geographic locations that provide easy access to deep water , in combination with traditional expedition - based deep - ocean science , to accelerate the acquisition of fundamental ecological and biological insights into deep - sea elasmobranchs .

deep - sea chondrichthyans , like many deep - water fishes , are very poorly understood at the most fundamental biological , ecological and taxonomic levels . our study represents the first ecological investigation of deep - water elasmobranch assemblages in the bahamas , and the first assessment of species - specific resilience to capture for all of the species captured . standardised deep - water longline surveys ( n = 69 ) were conducted september to december 2010 and 2011 between 472 . m and 1024 . m deep , resulting in the capture of 144 sharks from 8 different species . these included the cuban dogfish , squalus cubensis , the bigeye sixgill shark , hexanchus nakamurai , the bluntnose sixgill shark , hexanchus griseus , the smooth dogfish , mustelus canis insularis , the roughskin dogfish , centroscymnus owstoni , springer [ u + 05f3 ] s sawtail catshark , galeus springeri and the false catshark , pseudotriakis microdon . preliminary genetic analysis indicated two or more species of gulper sharks , centrophorus spp . ; however , for the present study they were treated as a single species complex . water depth and distance from the rocky structure of the exuma sound wall were inversely correlated with species richness , whereas seabed temperature was directly correlated with species richness . these variables also had a significant influence on the abundance and distribution of many species . expanded depth ranges were established for s . cubensis and h . nakamurai , which , in the case of s . cubensis , is thought to be driven by thermal preferences . at - vessel mortality rates increased significantly with depth , and post - release mortality was thought to be high for some species , in part due to high post - release predation . this study highlights the importance of utilising strategic geographic locations that provide easy access to deep water , in combination with traditional expedition - based deep - ocean science , to accelerate the acquisition of fundamental ecological and biological insights into deep - sea elasmobranchs .

reproduction in the atlantic sawtail catshark is oviparous , with females carrying multiple maturing eggs at once . mating and spawning occur year - round . this species is caught incidentally by commercial deepwater fisheries throughout its range , but the impact of fishing pressure on its population is uncertain as it is not recorded separately from g . melastomus . given its restricted distribution , it has been assessed as near threatened by the international union for conservation of nature ( iucn ) .

the greenland shark lives further north than any other species . this skin of this species contains the toxin trimethylamine oxide , which upon digestion produces effects similar to extreme intoxication . greenland sharks are immune to each other ' s toxic flesh , and therefore have been known be cannibalistic .

also known as baxter ' s dogfish , this species is a moderately common deepwater shark . this species is found only around new zealand , between 2 , 800 and 4 , 680 feet . laternsharks possess luminescent organs , which many of the species utilize to attract their deepwater prey .

the dwarf sawtail catshark ( galeus schultzi ) is a little - known species of catshark , belonging to the family scyliorhinidae , found exclusively in the deep waters off luzon in the philippines . unlike other members of its genus , this slender , diminutive shark has a short , rounded snout and very short furrows at the corners of its jaws . it has indistinct darker saddles beneath each dorsal fin and two dark bands on the caudal fin , as well as a prominent crest of enlarged dermal denticles along the upper caudal fin margin . the international union for conservation of nature ( iucn ) does not currently have sufficient information to assess the conservation status of this species .

the african ribbontail catshark is a poorly known species found in the western indian ocean , from tanzania , south africa , and mozambique , at depths between 180 and 1 , 575 feet .

stanton , doug ( 2003 ) . in harm ' s way : the sinking of the uss indianapolis and the extraordinary story of its survivors ( 1st owl books ed . ed . ) . new york : h . holt . isbn 978 - 0 - 8050 - 7366 - 9 .

this exciting new direction of shark research will continue to investigate and explore the deep - water inhabitants of the bahamas and provide much needed information on this minimally studied area of the world ' s oceans . the complete press release , with additional photos , can be found at the bahamas weekly .

an arched , mallet - shaped head distinguishes the scoophead shark from other hammerheads . its distribution is limited to the eastern atlantic , from panama to southern brazil ; and the eastern pacific , from the gulf of california to ecuador and peru . little is known of the scoophead ' s biology .

these students are incredibly lucky as there are very few people who have ever seen most of the species they will be working with this semester - it’s a truly unique opportunity for them , ” said edd brooks , program manager of the shark research and conservation program at the cape eleuthera institute .

the atlantic sawtail catshark ( galeus atlanticus ) is a little - known species of catshark , part of the family scyliorhinidae , found in a small area of the northeastern atlantic ocean , centered on the strait of gibraltar and the alborán sea . it is found on or close to the bottom over the continental slope , mostly at depths of 400–600 m ( 1 , 300–2 , 000 ft ) . this shark closely resembles , and was once thought to be the same species as , the blackmouth catshark ( g . melastomus ) ; both are slender with a series of dark saddles and blotches along the back and tail , and a prominent crest of enlarged dermal denticles along the dorsal edge of the caudal fin . it differs subtly from g . melastomus in characters including snout length , caudal peduncle depth , and the color of the furrows at the corner of its mouth .

english - german online dictionary developed to help you share your knowledge with others . more information ! contains translations by tu chemnitz and mr honey ' s business dictionary ( german - english ) . thanks on that account ! links to this dictionary or to single translations are very welcome ! questions and answers

pascal , l . , l . daniel , and s . bernard ( 2000 ) . observations of chondrichthyan fishes ( sharks , rays and chimaeras ) in the bay of biscay ( north - eastern atlantic ) from submersibles . proceedings of the 3rd european elasmobranch association meeting , boulogne - sur - mer , 1999 .

also known as a carter gilbert ' s lanternshark , this rare deepwater species remains virtually unknown . its range is thought to be limited to the caribbean coast of colombia , in depths between 900 and 1 , 150 feet . laternsharks possess luminescent organs , which many of the species utilize to attract their deepwater prey .

the harlequin catshark is the only member of the genus ctenacis , and is known only from the holotype . the species is found in the western indian ocean off somalia , at depths between 230 and 560 feet .

also known as a dusky smoothhound , this species is one of the most abundant sharks on the east coast of the u . s . this species has also been observed in freshwater , however its biology is unequipped to survive this environment for extended periods of time . the smoothhound is a migratory species , traveling seasonally in the spring and autumn months .

the striped catshark is endemic to the southeast atlantic , exclusively south africa , at depths up to 330 feet . this nocturnal species is typically solitary , residing in caves and crevices during the day and emerging at night to feed .

galeus is a genus of catshark , belonging to the family scyliorhinidae , commonly known as sawtail catsharks in reference to a distinctive saw - toothed crest of enlarged dermal denticles , found along the upper edges of their caudal fins . [ 3 ] they are found in the atlantic , the western and central pacific , and the gulf of california , inhabiting deep waters at or close to the sea floor . members of this genus are rather small , slim sharks with firm bodies and thick , rough skin . their heads are usually fairly long and pointed , and have large mouths with well - developed furrows at the corners . they have large pectoral and anal fins , and two similar dorsal fins placed well back . many species are ornately patterned with dark saddles and / or blotches . sawtail catsharks feed on various invertebrates and fishes , and may be either egg - laying or live - bearing . these harmless sharks are sometimes caught as bycatch but are of minimal commercial value .

mcmillan ' s cat shark is a small , rare and poorly known deepwater shark . its distribution is limited to madagascar and new zealand . catsharks are so named for their slender bodies and cat - like eyes . despite being the largest family of sharks , catsharks are relatively unknown . this may be attributed to a combination of both their nocturnal lifestyle and deepwater habitat .

the longhead catshark is endemic to the indo - west pacific from seychelles , japan , east china sea , philippines , australia , new caledonia , and mozambique . the longhead is also the first cartilaginous fish species on record bearing rudimentary hermaphroditism .

il s ' agit en 3 minutes de trouver le plus grand nombre de mots possibles de trois lettres et plus dans une grille de 16 lettres . il est aussi possible de jouer avec la grille de 25 cases . les lettres doivent être adjacentes et les mots les plus longs sont les meilleurs . participer au concours et enregistrer votre nom dans la liste de meilleurs joueurs ! jouer

rafinesque , c . s . ( 1810 ) . caratteri di alcuni nuovi generi e nuove specie di animali e piante della sicilia , con varie osservazioni sopra i medisimi . ( part 1 involves fishes , pp . [ i - iv ] 3 - 69 , part 2 with slightly different title , pp . ia - iva + 71 - 105 ) . pls . 1 - 20 .

the biology of the antilles catshark is virtually unknown . its distribution is limited to the western central atlantic , from the northern slopes of cuba , hispaniola , puerto rico , jamaica , and the caribbean , at depths between 490 and 2 , 295 feet .

the chain catshark is a nocturnal species , often observed resting at the bottom during the daylight hours . despite being the largest family of sharks , catsharks are relatively unknown . this may be attributed to a combination of both their nocturnal lifestyle and deepwater habitat .

castilho , r . , m . freitas , g . silva , j . fernandez - carvalho , and r . coelho ( 2007 ) . " morphological and mitochondrial dna divergence validates blackmouth , galeus melastomus , and atlantic sawtail catsharks , galeus atlanticus , as separate species " . journal of fish biology 70 : 346–358 . doi : 10 . 1111 / j . 1095 - 8649 . 2007 . 01455 . x .

the tiger catshark ( halaelurus natalensis ) is a species of catshark , belonging to the family scyliorhinidae . it is found over sandy areas and near reef peripheries off south africa and perhaps mozambique , from close to shore to usually no deeper than 100 m ( 330 ft ) . reaching a length of 50 cm ( 20 in ) , this small , slim shark has a broad , flattened head with an upturned snout tip . it can additionally be identified by its dorsal colour pattern of ten dark brown saddles on a yellowish brown background .

the onefin catshark is the only member of the genus pentanchus , and also the only shark with 5 pairs of gill slits and one dorsal fin . the only known specimen , and the holotype , was found in the western central pacific ocean from the mindanao sea in the philippines .

the pygmy ribbontail catshark is one of the two smallest living sharks . its range is limited to the indo - pacific oceans , from tanzania , the gulf of aden , india , the andaman islands , vietnam , and the philippines , at depths between 230 and 2 , 460 feet .

the whitebodied catshark is endemic to the western pacific , from southern new caledonia to the seamounts of the norfolk and lord howe ridges . catsharks are a relatively unknown group of sharks , often recognized for their slender bodies and flattened snout , as well as cat - like slits for eyes .

the african spotted catshark is endemic to the western indian ocean off natal , south africa , southern mozambique , madagascar , kenya and tanzania . despite being the largest family of sharks , catsharks are relatively unknown . this may be attributed to a combination of both their nocturnal lifestyle and deepwater habitat .

when foraging , the blackmouth catshark swings its head from side to side to employ its senses more effectively . it likely relies mainly on vision and ampullae of lorenzini that are evenly arranged , which enhances spatial resolution and is best suited for localizing fast - moving prey . [ 27 ] [ 28 ]

the flaccid catshark is a deepwater species , found only around new zealand . this species is so named for its flaccid , seemingly bloodless body . catsharks are a relatively unknown group of sharks , often recognized for their slender bodies and flattened snout , as well as cat - like slits for eyes .

rincon , g . and c . m . vooren ( 2006 ) . " taxonomic and biological records on the south atlantic marbled catshark , galeus mincaronei soto , ( elasmobranchii : scyliorhinidae ) off the southern brazilian coast " . pan - american journal of aquatic sciences 1 ( 1 ) : 1–7 .

little is known of the natural history of the longfin sawtail catshark . reproduction is oviparous ; mature females have a single functional ovary , on the right , and two functional oviducts . a single egg matures within each oviduct at a time . the egg is enclosed within a flask - shaped capsule roughly 4 . 9–5 . 1 cm ( 1 . 9–2 . 0 in ) long , 1 . 2–1 . 4 cm ( 0 . 47–0 . 55 in ) across the top , and 1 . 6 cm ( 0 . 63 in ) across the bottom ; there are coiled tendrils at the upper two corners . females mature at about 29–34 cm ( 11–13 in ) long ; adult males are unknown and the largest known immature male measured 29 cm ( 11 in ) long .

the australian blackspotted catshark is endemic to western australia in the eastern indian ocean . catsharks are so named for their slender bodies and cat - like eyes . despite being the largest family of sharks , catsharks are relatively unknown . this may be attributed to a combination of both their nocturnal lifestyle and deepwater habitat .

the spatulasnout catshark is a deepwater species endemic to the western pacific , from the philippines , east and south china seas , to suruga bay , japan . catsharks are a relatively unknown group of sharks , often recognized for their slender bodies and flattened snout , as well as cat - like slits for eyes .

bottom - dwelling and inactive , the tiger catshark feeds on a wide variety of fishes and invertebrates from on or near the sea floor . an oviparous species , the female retains her eggs internally until the embryos are at an advanced state of development , resulting in a relatively short hatching time after laying . between 12 and 22 encapsulated eggs are produced at a time , which the female attaches to the bottom . the tiger catshark is caught incidentally by commercial and recreational fishers but has no economic value . it has been listed as data deficient by the international union for conservation of nature ( iucn ) , pending more information .

the narrowmouthed catshark is endemic to central chile around the straits of magellan to argentina . catsharks are so named for their slender bodies and cat - like eyes . despite being the largest family of sharks , catsharks are relatively unknown . this may be attributed to a combination of both their nocturnal lifestyle and deepwater habitat .

the polkadot catshark is endemic to the waters around northern uruguay in the southwest atlantic . catsharks are so named for their slender bodies and cat - like eyes . despite being the largest family of sharks , catsharks are relatively unknown . this may be attributed to a combination of both their nocturnal lifestyle and deepwater habitat .

the deepwater catshark is endemic to the western and eastern atlantic from morocco and northwest africa . catsharks are so named for their slender bodies and cat - like eyes . despite being the largest family of sharks , catsharks are relatively unknown . this may be attributed to a combination of both their nocturnal lifestyle and deepwater habitat .

the iceland catshark is a deepwater species endemic to the western atlantic and eastern atlantic oceans . catsharks are so named for their slender bodies and cat - like eyes . despite being the largest family of sharks , catsharks are relatively unknown . this may be attributed to a combination of both their nocturnal lifestyle and deepwater habitat .

the gecko catshark is a poorly known , yet common shark , endemic to the western pacific . catsharks are so named for their slender bodies and cat - like eyes . despite being the largest family of sharks , catsharks are relatively unknown . this may be attributed to a combination of both their nocturnal lifestyle and deepwater habitat .

the longfin catshark is a deepwater species , found in the western pacific from japan , the philippines , east and south china seas , and the kyushu - palau ridge . catsharks are a relatively unknown group of sharks , often recognized for their slender bodies and flattened snout , as well as cat - like slits for eyes .

the panama ghost catshark is a deepwater species endemic to the eastern central pacific , exclusively panama . catsharks are so named for their slender bodies and cat - like eyes . despite being the largest family of sharks , catsharks are relatively unknown . this may be attributed to a combination of both their nocturnal lifestyle and deepwater habitat .

one of the larger members of the genus , the longnose sawtail catshark grows to at least 80 cm ( 31 in ) long . this species has a rather stout body and a flattened head . the snout is notably long , with a rounded tip . the nostrils are large and divided by triangular skin flaps on their anterior rims . the large , horizontally oval eyes are equipped with rudimentary nictitating membranes ( protective third eyelids ) and have thin ridges underneath . there is a medium - sized spiracle behind each eye . the mouth forms a wide arch and bears well - developed furrows around the corners . the tooth rows number 60–70 in either jaw ; each tooth is small , with a narrow central cusp and 3–6 smaller lateral cusplets . the five pairs of gill slits are short , with the fifth pair over the pectoral fin bases .

the australian marbled catshark is endemic to western australia , in very shallow waters up to 13 feet . catsharks are so named for their slender bodies and cat - like eyes . despite being the largest family of sharks , catsharks are relatively unknown . this may be attributed to a combination of both their nocturnal lifestyle and deepwater habitat .

the blackmouth catshark is endemic to the northeast atlantic , at depths up to 6 , 145 feet . catsharks are so named for their slender bodies and cat - like eyes . despite being the largest family of sharks , catsharks are relatively unknown . this may be attributed to a combination of both their nocturnal lifestyle and deepwater habitat .

the brownbanded catshark is a rare and poorly known species , endemic to the indo - west pacific . catsharks are so named for their slender bodies and cat - like eyes . despite being the largest family of sharks , catsharks are relatively unknown . this may be attributed to a combination of both their nocturnal lifestyle and deepwater habitat .

the coral catshark is a common inshore shark found on coral reefs within the indo - west pacific . catsharks are so named for their slender bodies and cat - like eyes . despite being the largest family of sharks , catsharks are relatively unknown . this may be attributed to a combination of both their nocturnal lifestyle and deepwater habitat .

the gulf catshark is endemic to the waters around southwestern australia , at depths up to 650 feet . catsharks are so named for their slender bodies and cat - like eyes . despite being the largest family of sharks , catsharks are relatively unknown . this may be attributed to a combination of both their nocturnal lifestyle and deepwater habitat .

sawtail catsharks pose no danger to humans and have little economic value , though varying numbers are caught incidentally by deepwater commercial fisheries . some of the larger species , such as g . melastomus and g . polli , are occasionally utilized for meat , fishmeal , and / or leather . [ 12 ] the international union for conservation of nature ( iucn ) has listed g . atlanticus and g . mincaronei , both of which have very restricted distributions , as near threatened and vulnerable respectively . [ 17 ] [ 18 ]

the cloudy catshark is found only off the izu peninsula of japan , at depths up to 330 feet . catsharks are so named for their slender bodies and cat - like eyes . despite being the largest family of sharks , catsharks are relatively unknown . this may be attributed to a combination of both their nocturnal lifestyle and deepwater habitat .

the lizard catshark is found off southern brazil , at depths of between 400 and 1 , 430 feet . catsharks are so named for their slender bodies and cat - like eyes . despite being the largest family of sharks , catsharks are relatively unknown . this may be attributed to a combination of both their nocturnal lifestyle and deepwater habitat .

the longnose catshark is a deepwater species endemic to the eastern central pacific , from central and southern california to the gulf of california , at depths up to 6 , 200 feet . catsharks are a relatively unknown group of sharks , often recognized for their slender bodies and flattened snout , as well as cat - like slits for eyes .

the smallfin catshark is a deepwater species , endemic to the western atlantic from the gulf of mexico off florida , gulf of campeche , panama , colombia , and off french guiana . catsharks are a relatively unknown group of sharks , often recognized for their slender bodies and flattened snout ; as well as cat - like sits for eyes .

the tiger catshark is endemic to the southeast atlantic , from cape agulhas to east london in south africa . catsharks are so named for their slender bodies and cat - like eyes . despite being the largest family of sharks , catsharks are relatively unknown . this may be attributed to a combination of both their nocturnal lifestyle and deepwater habitat .

the western spotted catshark is endemic to southwestern australia , at depths between 328 and 1 , 310 feet . catsharks are so named for their slender bodies and cat - like eyes . despite being the largest family of sharks , catsharks are relatively unknown . this may be attributed to a combination of both their nocturnal lifestyle and deepwater habitat .

the longfin sawtail catshark reaches a maximum known length of 35 cm ( 14 in ) , smaller than g . antillensis and comparable to g . arae . this species is slender , with a broad head and a moderately long , pointed snout . the large eyes are horizontally oval , equipped with rudimentary nictitating membranes ( protective third eyelids ) , and lack prominent ridges underneath . a modest spiracle is located behind each eye . the nostrils are large and partially covered by anterior triangular flaps of skin . the mouth is wide and curved , with fairly long furrows around the corners . the teeth have a long central cusp flanked on either side by one or two pairs of lateral cusplets . the upper jaw of the type specimen contained 62 tooth rows . the five pairs of gill slits are small , with the fourth and fifth pairs located over the pectoral fin bases .


scrobipalpa pseudolutea is a moth in the gelechiidae family .

it was described by piskunov in 1990 .

it is found in china ( ningxia ) and mongolia .

scrobipalpa pseudolutea

scrobipalpa pseudolutea <EOT> html public " - / / w3c / / dtd xhtml 1 . 0 transitional / / en " " urltoken "

a new species of fish , pseudoliparis swirei , published in zootaxa ( 4358 : 161 - 177 ) by gerringer , m . e et al . was voted among top 10 new species described in 2017 .

a new species of madagascan crickets described by mustafa ünal and george beccaloni in zootaxa was featured in a national geographic story . well done mustafa and george !

a new species of wolf spider , lycosa aragogi , is named after aragog—the famous fictional spider from “harry potter” book series by j . k . rowling . the new species is similar to the animatronic puppet version of the character used in the film “harry potter and the chamber of secrets” , which is actually based on a wolf spider . the naming of the new species is dedicated to the 20th anniversary of harry potter book series . "

mariah o . pfleger , r . dean grubbs , charles f . cotton , toby s . daly - engel

identification of nipaecoccus ( hemiptera : coccomorpha : pseudococcidae ) species in the united states , with descriptions of nipaecoccus bromelicola sp . n . and the male of n . floridensis beardsley

confused by a class within a class or an order within an order ? please see our brief essay .

to cite this page : myers , p . , r . espinosa , c . s . parr , t . jones , g . s . hammond , and t . a . dewey . 2018 . the animal diversity web ( online ) . accessed at https : / / animaldiversity . org .

disclaimer : the animal diversity web is an educational resource written largely by and for college students . adw doesn ' t cover all species in the world , nor does it include all the latest scientific information about organisms we describe . though we edit our accounts for accuracy , we cannot guarantee all information in those accounts . while adw staff and contributors provide references to books and websites that we believe are reputable , we cannot necessarily endorse the contents of references beyond our control .

this material is based upon work supported by the national science foundation grants drl 0089283 , drl 0628151 , due 0633095 , drl 0918590 , and due 1122742 . additional support has come from the marisla foundation , um college of literature , science , and the arts , museum of zoology , and information and technology services .

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curators : konstantin efetov , vasiliy feoktistov , svyatoslav knyazev , evgeny komarov , stan korb , alexander zhakov .

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