the red-faced crombec ( sylvietta whytii ) is a species of african warbler , formerly placed in the family sylviidae .

it is found in burundi , ethiopia , kenya , malawi , mozambique , namibia , rwanda , south sudan , tanzania , uganda , and zimbabwe .

its natural habitats are subtropical or tropical dry forests , subtropical or tropical moist montane forests , and subtropical or tropical dry shrubland .

red - faced crombec

red - faced crombec <EOT> red - faced crombec ( sylvietta whytii ) is a species of bird in the macrosphenidae family .

pearson , d . ( 2018 ) . red - faced crombec ( sylvietta whytii ) . in : del hoyo , j . , elliott , a . , sargatal , j . , christie , d . a . & de juana , e . ( eds . ) . handbook of the birds of the world alive . lynx edicions , barcelona . ( retrieved from urltoken on 9 july 2018 ) .

thank you for taking the time to provide feedback on the iucn red list of threatened species website , we are grateful for your input .

9 cm ; 8–12·5 g . a grey - backed crombec with plain tawny face . nominate race has top of head and upperparts light grey , face and underparts tawny - buff , paler on belly and . . .

this locally common resident in miombo & teak woodland and riparian forest is slightly smaller than the long - billed crombec . it can be further differentiated from the latter by its rufous face and underparts , as well as the lack of a grey eye stripe .

recommended citation birdlife international ( 2018 ) species factsheet : sylvietta whytii . downloaded from urltoken on 09 / 07 / 2018 . recommended citation for factsheets for more than one species : birdlife international ( 2018 ) iucn red list for birds . downloaded from urltoken on 09 / 07 / 2018 .

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del hoyo , j . , collar , n . j . , christie , d . a . , elliott , a . , fishpool , l . d . c . , boesman , p . and kirwan , g . m . 2016 . hbw and birdlife international illustrated checklist of the birds of the world . volume 2 : passerines . lynx edicions and birdlife international , barcelona , spain and cambridge , uk .

justification : this species has an extremely large range , and hence does not approach the thresholds for vulnerable under the range size criterion ( extent of occurrence < 20 , 000 km2 combined with a declining or fluctuating range size , habitat extent / quality , or population size and a small number of locations or severe fragmentation ) . despite the fact that the population trend appears to be decreasing , the decline is not believed to be sufficiently rapid to approach the thresholds for vulnerable under the population trend criterion ( > 30 % decline over ten years or three generations ) . the population size has not been quantified , but it is not believed to approach the thresholds for vulnerable under the population size criterion ( < 10 , 000 mature individuals with a continuing decline estimated to be > 10 % in ten years or three generations , or with a specified population structure ) . for these reasons the species is evaluated as least concern .

the global population size has not been quantified , but the species is described as locally fairly common ( del hoyo et al . 2006 ) . trend justification : the population is suspected to be in decline owing to the destruction of miombo woodlands for agriculture ( del hoyo et al . 2006 ) .

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proposed race nemorivaga ( nw zimbabwe ) usually considered indistinguishable from nominate . four subspecies currently recognized .

mearns , 1911 – sw ethiopia ( addis ababa s to yabelo and l abiata ) , se south sudan , ne uganda ( karamoja ) and nw kenya ( s turkana s to kapenguria ) .

sharpe , 1897 – uganda ( except ne ) , sw & c kenya , rwanda , burundi , n & c tanzania ( e to kilimanjaro and iringa ) .

ogilvie - grant , 1900 – se kenya and ne tanzania ( extending inland to tsavo , taveta and morogoro ) .

shelley , 1894 – se tanzania , malawi , n & c mozambique and zimbabwe .

song a thin “wee see - see , wee see - see” or “esee - sisi - seee , see - sisi - seee” , notes all on same pitch . . .

insects , including caterpillars ; also spiders ( araneae ) , small worms . forages mainly in trees or tall bushes , usually in pairs , commonly . . .

breeds just before or in early part of rains in e africa ; aug–dec in s . monogamous ; territorial . nest a thick - walled oval pouch with . . .

not globally threatened . locally fairly common ; generally common and widespread in e africa . density 3 pairs / 100 ha in brachystegia woodland in zimbabwe . adversely affected . . .

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recently delineated family , comprising macrosphenus , sphenoeacus , melocichla , achaetops , sylvietta and cryptillas # r ; in addition , graueria tentatively included here , but its affinities are still uncertain , as no molecular data published .

previously placed in a broad sylviidae ( see page 498 ) , or more recently in acrocephalidae . numerous forms described in “ sylviella ” , an unjustified emendation of present genus name .

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calls from one of a pair of birds moving at mid - height through dense scrub and open dry forest at the base of a tall cliff .

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english - german online dictionary developed to help you share your knowledge with others . more information ! contains translations by tu chemnitz and mr honey ' s business dictionary ( german - english ) . thanks on that account ! links to this dictionary or to single translations are very welcome ! questions and answers

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myavibase allows you to create and manage your own lifelists , and produce useful reports to help you plan your next birding excursion .

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howard and moore 4th edition ( incl . corrigenda vol . 1 - 2 ) :

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all ranks domain kingdom subkingdom phylum subphylum superclass class subclass infraclass superorder order suborder infraorder superfamily family subfamily tribe subtribe genus subgenus species subspecies variety group ( polytypic ) group ( monotypic ) species split life sp . ssp . intra - specific hybrid interspecific hybrid intergeneric hybrid species pair

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i recorded this member of the almost tailles crombecs in september 2011 while birding the gardens of the seravo lion hill game lodge in the lake nakure national park , kenya .

© 2018 bird & wildlife photography by richard and eileen flack . all images are copyrighted to the author .


frogfishes are any member of the anglerfish family antennariidae , of the order lophiiformes .

antennariids are known as anglerfishes in australia , where the term " frogfish " refers to members of the unrelated family batrachoididae .

frogfishes are found in almost all tropical and subtropical oceans and seas around the world , the primary exception being the mediterranean sea .

frogfishes are small , short and stocky , and sometimes covered in spinules and other appendages to aid in camouflage .

the camouflage aids in protection from predators and enables them to lure prey .

many species can change colour ; some are covered with other organisms such as algae or hydrozoa .

in keeping with this camouflage , frogfishes typically move slowly , lying in wait for prey , and then striking extremely rapidly , in as little as 6 milliseconds .

few traces of frogfishes remain in the fossil record , though antennarius monodi is known from the miocene of algeria .

frogfish

frogfish <EOT> hairy frogfish , aka striated frogfish , antennarius striatus . these frogfish come in different varieties , often striped or with hairy appendages .

frogfish are preyed upon by other frogfish and moray eels however this is considered an uncommon occurrence . young frogfish may fall victim to opportunistic predators including fishes .

despite their camouflage frogfish are not without predators of their own . lizardfish , scorpionfish and other frogfish are known for eating these critters . while juvenile frogfish are snapped up with ease , once frogfish reach maturity they are generally the hunter , not the hunted .

small frogfish , one to three inches , are great to photograph using a 60mm lens . if you are photographing giant frogfish or frogfish larger than three inches , a non - macro lens is recommended . i use a 9–18mm for giant frogfish and a 14–42mm for larger , adult frogfish of other species that are around four to six inches .

frogfish / anglerfish ( antennariidae ) : characteristics - frogfish terms - esca and illicium - tips for the identification of frogfishes . with illustrations and photos

more amazing photos of several rare histiophryne frogfish species : histiophryne bougainvilli , histiophryne cryptacanthus , histiophryne psychedelica ( psychedelic frogfish ) and an australian histiophryne sp .

juvenile frogfish , a . pictus , in anilao , photo by scott gietler . these tiny frogfish , less than 10mm are great subjects for supermacro underwater photography .

new frogfish - species ? photos of several histiophryne sp . from indonesia and australia

the psychedelic frogfish originates from ambon island in the indonesian archipelago ( 4 ) .

black and orange commerson ' s frogfish on the deep reefs of cocos island .

the warty frogfish or clown frogfish ( antennarius maculatus ) could fit in the palm of your hand — and it has its own pair of hands , too .

the frogfish is sometimes seen , opening its mouth and yawning . but only on two occasions i have seen how a frogfish actually eats its prey ( see a video ) . actually everything happened so fast , that all i really saw was the shrimp in front of the frogfish and then the frogfish moved and the next thing i realized the shrimp was gone and the frogfish made swallowing movements . no wonder that the frogfish can eat fishes out of a school without the other fishes noticing !

underwater video footage from national geographic of a number of anglerfish ( frogfish ) species .

frogfish move very slowly but ironically , frogfish have the fastest strike speed of any other animal on earth . they ambulate by gulping water with its massive mouth . then forcing the water through it’s gills the frogfish moves about the reef or bottom . the body move’s very little as the frogfish huffs and puffs its way through the water column .

a view of the illicium and esca of a striated frogfish . photo © anne dupont

photographing a well - camouflaged frogfish can sometimes result in a better photo than an isolated frogfish with no background . frogfish are able to change color , so they are often similar in color and pattern to their surrounding habitat , with some matching it exactly .

incredible footage of frogfish eating . also in slow motion ( lembeh strait , indonesia )

very tiny painted frogfish ( antennarius pictus ) about 4mm . notice the transparent fins !

during the last afternoon dive at dive site tk3 , dive guide abner mangole found a hairy frogfish circling a flounder . five minutes later , the hairy frogfish finished its dinner .

2 ) there are about 46 known species of frogfish worldwide in tropical and temperate seas .

8 ) the psychedelic frogfish has been id’d only around the island of ambon , indonesia .

the frogfish on the following photos all have long lures . click on thumbnail for enlargement .

longlure frogfish , flagpole frogfish , pescador cana larga , pescador cana tenebroso . the common name " longlure " is a direct reference to the elongated illicium which acts as a fishing lure .

frogfish with lure , a . maculatus , waiting for its prey , photo by mike bartick .

3 ) the frogfish is carnivorous and has the fastest - known prey engulfment of any vertebrate .

yawning is another great frogfish behavior to capture . frogfish yawn for three reasons—the first is to realign its jaw . you will see this yawn immediately before a frogfish starts walking or fishing . the second is a yawn that happens after a predation attempt . the frogfish will “cough” while yawning to eject any unwanted items , such as sand , pieces of shells , plant material , etc .

( tasseled frogfish ) eggs , about 13 days after spawning . photo taken by rudie kuiter .

here are some more interesting frogfish facts : 1 . unlike many animals that use camouflage as a defense from predators , frogfish mostly use their abilities to attract prey . 2 . frogfish have a modified dorsal fin that has a retractable lure resembling a shrimp , which is used to attract their prey . if their lure is eaten or damaged it can be regenerated . 3 . frogfish are carnivores . they eat fish , crustaceans and even other frogfish . 4 . a frogfish’s mouth can expand to 12 times its resting size . this allows it to catch all sorts of prey . 5 . because frogfish lack a swim bladder , they use their modified pectoral fins to walk , or even gallop , across the seafloor ( check out this great video of a frogfish in action ) .

the frogfish sometimes also actively stalks prey , i have seen a frogfish ( antennarius striatus ) trying to catch a small flounder by slowly sneaking towards it . it was trying to get the flounder into striking distance . the strike zone is about one frogfish body length . click on thumbnail for enlargement .

fascinating to divers and dreaded by its prey , the frogfish is the ocean’s master of aggressive mimicry .

when frogfish first hatch ( as larvae ) they appear to be fully formed miniatures but they have actually yet to develop their lure – this happens later . here in lembeh we often find juveniles on our black sand dive sites and they range in size from just 5mm to 10mm ! juveniles often display different colorations to mature frogfish – did you know that the “clown” frogfish is actually a juvenile warty frogfish ?

giant frogfish camouflaged in yellow sponge , mabul island , malaysia . perrine doug / perspectives / getty images

frogfish camouflage relies on their lack of movement , which allows algae , coral polyps , and other organisms to grow and live on the their bodies . by moving frogfish , they are no longer camouflaged against their chosen habitats and this can even dislodge some of the organisms that have made a frogfish their home .

warty frogfish ( clown frogfish ) , antennarius maculatus . photos by jeffrey de guzman . juveniles frequently yellow with red - brown saddle and orange borders of rear dorsal and tail fins . often in open sand .

instead of only photographing the frogfish , include the habitat in the photo to illustrate the camouflage and the body pattern . hairy frogfish are known to have body growths that directly mimic their surroundings , such as algae , sea urchins , or sponges , so they make great subjects when highlighting the camouflage capabilities of frogfish .

frogfish are very misunderstood and very little is known about this unique underwater lie - in - wait predator .

frogfish are favorite subjects that are often photographed by underwater photographers . the species is a delight to see in the wild , but it takes a very good observer to pick out a frogfish because of its camouflage .

striated frogfish coloration is quite variable . photos © david snyder ( top ) and elaine blum ( bottom )

painted frogfish ( antennarius pictus ) - surrounded by cardinalfishes . they are not yet close enough to catch them

the easiest way to find a frogfish is to stick to your guide or ask anyone local for a location or directions . frogfish don ' t move around much , so if you can get a depth and specific piece of habitat of a resident frogfish , you should be able to find it if you search slowly .

due to the size range of frogfish—anywhere from just a quarter of an inch to more than 15 inches—your camera setup depends on the frogfish in the area where you are diving , so ask your guide before a dive .

frogfish are found throughout tropical and subtropical waters . most species live in relatively shallow waters although some species are deep dwelling . recreational divers in asia are most likely to spot certain species including giant , clown and painted frogfish .

4 ) unlike the chameleon , the frogfish is unable to change its color quickly , instead taking several weeks .

hairy frogfish lures vary greatly depending on the type of frogfish you’re looking at . the worm - like lure is most common found on the a . striatus . disproportionately oversized , the lure is quite effective in attracting prey .

done with frogfish features ? go back and see the other crossword clues for wall street journal july 8 2017 .

frogfish hunting and catching a fish , the fastest movement of any animal . filmed near the reef dive resorts shipwrecks

these frogfish species have relatively few but large eggs and the hatchlings are also relatively large and well developed . the result of this reproduction mode is , that these species have a narrow geographic distribution compared to other frogfish species .

caught by fishermen in 100 m depth off the coast of africa - an uncommon senegal frogfish ( antennarius senegalensis ) .

in the last 12 months , i’ve encountered what seems to be a new variety of hairy frogfish both in anilao and then later in lembeh , simply named a “short hair . " like other hairy frogfish , this guy has personality .

done with frogfish features ? go back and see the other crossword clues for new york times crossword july 8 2017 .

already solved frogfish features ? go back and see the other crossword clues for wall street crossword july 8 2017 answers .

the frogfish is a master of camouflage . he practices aggressive mimicry to attack prey and beats world records of rapidity .

in an email with national geographic , author of the book frogfishes around the world ted pietsch noted the frogfish in the video is likely a striated frogfish , which are commonly found throughout indonesia but rarely seen thanks to their exceptional camouflage .

the color of the longlure frogfish is highly variable , ranging from pale yellow to reddish brown . photo © george ryschkewitsch

the wall street journal crossword can be very challenging . but we are here to help ! today we will help you find the answer to the clue frogfish features . after hunting for any other hints and relevant information in the wall street journal crossword puzzle we ' ve found the answer to the clue frogfish features . the answer to the clue frogfish features is :

a small astriatus lines up on a bobtailed squid . slowly leaning forward , almost motionless , the frogfish launches its attack . the strike speed of frogfish has been recorded at 6 milliseconds , making it one of the fastest striking creatures on earth .

an interesting video of a strange looking deepwater frogfish ( lophiodes fimbriatus ) , found in shallow water in alor , indonesia .

a frogfish has the fastest strike of any marine animal . this is a video of a frogfish as it stalks and catches it ' s prey in the blink of an eye . to see this video in slow motion , click here : urltoken

juvenile frogfish look like smaller versions of their adult forms , but some show special defensive colors ( see baby frogfishes ) .

the longlure frogfish is not considered a good aquarium fish due to the voracity of its appetite . the species is a delight to see in the wild , but it takes a very good observer to pick out a frogfish because of its camouflage .

size , age , and growth the longlure frogfish grows to lengths of about 4 . 5 inches ( 11 cm ) .

frogfish are amongst my favorite critters to look for underwater . they are so well camouflaged and adapted to they’re immediate surroundings , that they are rarely detected . often called grotesque , frogfish were declared “the spawn of satan” by the mayor of bitung , indonesia .

large frogfish and a sponge . i can ' t stop looking at this photo . well , i ' m still not convinced that it is not two frogfish ! photo by andrew taylor in mozambique with an olympus 7070 with a wide - angle lens .

mature frogfishes vary in size according to species and range from just 5cm up to a huge 50cm ( for giant frogfish ) .

hall , d . ( 2008 ) exposed : first reported frogfish sighting in ambon . sport diver magazine , 16 : 16 .

did you find the solution for frogfish features ? check the other remaining questions solutions in wall street crossword july 8 2017 answers .

the frogfish dosen ' t have many predators . in fact it only has one known predator which is the moray eel . yet it is rare to see this animal attacking or eating a frogfish . the reason the frogfish dosen ' t have many predators is probably because of it ' s camouflage . also when it feels threatened it will puff up scaring away it ' s predator .

the eggs of tetrabrachium ocellatum ( four - armed frogfish or humpback anglerfish ) are wrapped around the dorsal fins which are specially hooked . since a lot of fish like to eat eggs , these eggs might enhance considerably the overall luring effect of a frogfish .

the third reason for yawning is actually a stress reaction . a frogfish will yawn at its reflection in the camera lens—challenging the reflection that it can swallow it whole and should leave it alone ! keep in mind when photographing a yawning frogfish that unless it happens before or after a predation event or movement , it is most likely a stress reaction and the frogfish should be left alone for awhile . if you happen to catch a frogfish yawning , try to get a shot from the side or from directly in front .

the gape strike of the frogfish is so effective that it’s nearly impossible to escape the strike zone . dropping and extending its jaw with lightning - quick speed , the frogfish overwhelms and consumes its prey with surprise and force . frogfish actually engage their stomach muscles simultaneously and crush their victims all in one movement . the only teeth they have are positioned backwards to prevent a subject from escaping .

giant frogfish may camouflage themselves in sponges or on the ocean bottom . these fish can change their color , and even texture to help them blend in with their environment . why do they do it ? to fool their prey . a giant frogfish ' s mouth can stretch to 12 times its size , so the frogfish can gobble up its prey in one giant gulp . if its stealth maneuvers fail , the frogfish has a second option — like an anglerfish , it has a modified spine that functions as a fleshy " lure " that attracts prey . as a curious animal , such as a small fish , approaches , the frogfish gulps them down .

many frogfish are so well hidden that only their faces are visible . not to worry , great photos are still possible . this is especially relevant if you find a giant frogfish while using a 60mm or 105mm lens and it won’t fit in the frame . shoot from the side while focusing on the side of the face and , if possible , utilize some negative space behind the frogfish such as a

the juvenile clown frogfish ( antennarius maculatus ) and the juvenile giant frogfish ( antennarius commerson ) are said to mimic a distasteful flatworm , complete with undulating dorsal fins to simulate the swimming worm . i think there are also examples of distasteful nudibranchs that look similar . other frogfish species ( antennarius hispidus , antennarius striatus ) are just specially well camouflaged and look like algae covered rocks or like a slug .

there is a group of frogfish species , which have no or a much reduced lure . the newly ( 2008 ) discovered frogfish species histiophryne psychedelica ( ambon frogfish ) seems to block off the entrance to holes or crevices and thus entraps its prey inside ( reference ) . it would be interesting to investigate if other nearly rodless frogfishes like histiophryne bougainvilli or histiophryne cryptacanthus also employ a similar behavior of predation .

the twelve genera of antennaridae ( antennae bearing ) frogfish are found nearly worldwide but tend to be bunched as species in different oceans . this article highlights the frogfish of the info - pacific , found in the genus antennarius . the giant frogfish , antennarius commersoni , has a large range and can be found throughout the tropical pacific , eastern atlantic , eastern pacific , hawaii ( kona ) , indian ocean , japan , red sea , tropical australia , western atlantic , indonesia and asia . frogfish take on many different color forms throughout their lifecycle .

important : based on new findings ( reference ) about dna in frogfishes the nomenclatur for several frogfish species ( all of the former genus antennarius ) was changed and this website corrected accordingly in 2012 . new phylogenetic relationships between frogfish genera and species list of changed species names / pdf

image of juvenile nudiantennarius subteres ( 15mm ) and of a yawning baby hairy frogfish ( a . striatus ) , only about 8mm from maumere

never seen yet - special colouring of a juvenile frogfish ( a . pictus ? ) - image 1 , 2 and details 3 , 4

they ' re lumpy , they don ' t have scales , and they are expert camouflage artists . who are they ? giant frogfish !

hairy frogfish ( antennarius striatus ) has caught a flounder but is unable to swallow the fish because it is too large . after about 45 minutes the frogfish spat the flounder out , it was dead by then . tropical frogfishes have no teeth , so they can ' t tear a fish into smaller pieces . either swallow whole ar not at all . copyright matthew oldfield - more images of this frogfish ( flickr )

occasionally , you will find a frogfish that is just too big or too small for your lens . no problem if you feel like getting creative . if the frogfish is too big , focus on an interesting section of the body pattern and experiment with a little abstract photography .

there are no means to differ the male and female frogfish , for example by coloration or size except by examining the gonads by dissection .

frogfish do not have any lightning responses other than for feeding because they have very little to fear in the way of predation . what eats anglerfish ? other frogfish . the gulper may become the gulped . however considering that they are designed more to catch fish swimming in the water column , this is a rather rare phenomenon . moray eels have also been witnessed eating frogfish , but again , this is an uncommon sight .

like all frogfish , commerson’s is a type of anglerfish ( and in some places it would just be called an anglerfish , not a frogfish ) . anglerfish are bony fish that usually have a growth on their foreheads that is used to lure in prey . frogfish are mostly benthic animals – they tend to sit on a solid surface rather than swim , and they can squat or “walk” using their modified fins as legs .

12 ) different species of the frogfish have different lures ( escae ) , which they wave in front of their mouth to attract prey . some have lures that resemble shrimps , others fishes , worms or tiny squids . recent research has shown the striated frogfish’s lure to be biofluorescent .

commerson’s frogfish , also known as the giant frogfish , ( antennarius commerson ) has a wide range , throughout the tropical pacific and indian oceans and in the red sea . they’re usually found on reefs down to about 30m ( 100ft ) but may sometimes be seen in deeper water .

another alternative is to show the frogfish with its lure out . this is good if you want the frogfish to fill the entire photo while highlighting the fact that it is fishing . if you want to get creative , zoom in a bit and photograph the face and the lure or the lure on its own , especially when dealing with hairy frogfish as they have a huge worm - shaped lure . this option is good if you’re taking a macro or super - macro shot and want the focus to be specifically the behavior and not the frogfish as a whole .

frogfish are masters of disguise . spot one during a dive and you will win the admiration of every diver in your group – especially photographers . frogfish , a type of anglerfish , have a textured exterior that aids in their camouflage . while they do not have scales , their amazing ability to camouflage themselves serves as protection from predators . frogfish vary in color and often have unique spines or bumps that change with their surroundings .

“it was fascinating because we had never seen a frogfish that had changed colour to become white because of a bleaching event , ” grimsditch says .

shallow dive sites with an abundance of algae growth such as estuaries or areas with fluctuating salinity levels seem to be a favorite among hairy frogfish , and are a great place to locate them . but hairy frogfish also live in deeper waters and have been found at depths of 600 feet .

hairy frogfish ( antennarius striatus ) - hiding between sea urchins to catch some cardinalfishes . it probably is imitating the spines of the sea urchin .

the longlure frogfish is found from in the western atlantic ocean from bermuda and the bahamas , south along the coasts of central and south america .

once prey – usually a crustacean or fish – is within range of a frogfish , it stands little chance : a frogfish sucks in its live meals by opening its huge mouth , pulling in prey in mere milliseconds . in fact , the fish has possibly the quickest ambush in the world .

embed this arkive thumbnail link ( " portlet " ) by copying and pasting the code below . < a href = " urltoken " title = " arkive species - psychedelic frogfish ( histiophryne psychedelica ) " > < img src = " urltoken " alt = " arkive species - psychedelic frogfish ( histiophryne psychedelica ) " title = " arkive species - psychedelic frogfish ( histiophryne psychedelica ) " border = " 0 " / > < / a >

there are any number of reasons why frogfish , in all their shapes and sizes , fascinate and entertain human visitors to their watery domain . . .

1 ) due to its amazing camouflage and complex luring behaviors , the frogfish is considered one of the most complicated , efficient examples of aggressive mimicry .

we would like to thank you for visiting our website ! please find below all frogfish features crossword clue answers and solutions for wall street journal daily crossword puzzle . since you have landed on our site then most probably you are looking for the solution of frogfish features crossword . look no further because you’ve come to the right place ! our staff has just finished solving all today’s washington post daily crossword and the answer for frogfish features can be found below

both stingfish and frogfish can be found in benthic zones , or the bottom of a body of water , where they lay in wait for prey .

this strange looking fish is a master ant camouflage . within a few weeks it can completely change its color to match its surroundings . the frogfish ' s

each frogfish species moves the rod ( illicium ) with its lure ( esca ) in a special pattern to attract the attention of potential prey . for example the warty frogfish ( antennarius maculatus ) moves its lure in wavy lines either above the head or directly in front of the mouth close to the ground , the lure is doing a circle . the giant frogfish ( antennarius commerson ) is moving its lure up and down in jerky movements . a study in luring behavior by s . michael also showed , that a frogfish can vary its angling technique . a coinbearing frogfish ( antennatus nummifer ) he observed used three different luring patterns - lifting the lure and vibrating the esca , holding the lure still in front of the mouth and throwing the angel rapidly back and forward .

antennarius maculatus ( engorged ) is followed by a antennarius pictus frogfish . perhaps it is waiting for the release of the eggs , so it can eat them

although they can be difficult to find , frogfish are some of the best subjects for underwater photographers , especially beginners . they come in all different colors and sizes , and don ' t like to move around that much . sometimes they are so camouflaged or hidden that the resulting photograph is cluttered , boring , or makes it hard to even see where the frogfish is . luckily , there are plenty of techniques when photographing frogfish that allow for great , creative photos .

· patience is important for underwater photography of frogfish - try not to touch , poke or antagonize . they will usually continue their behavior in front of the camera

great photos of the ocellated frogfish fowlerichthys ocellatus ( formerly antennarius ocellatus ) from florida - a rare event since they tend to live beyond recreational scuba depths . video

the family of frogfish ( antennariidae = antenna bearers ) comprise 13 , perhaps 14 genera ( allenichthys , antennarius , antennatus , echinophryne , fowlerichthys , histiophryne , histrio , kuiterichthys , lophiocharon , nudiantennarius , phyllophryne , rhycherus , tathicarpus ) with 49 ( 52 ? ) known species . check out frogfish taxonomy and phylogenetic relationships .

frogfish / anglerfish ( antennariidae ) : feeding behavior of the frogfishes ( antennariidae ) : aggressive mimicry - luring prey - gape and suck . with photos and illustrations

other fishes will perceive the camouflaged frogfish as perfect shelter and approach too close . frogfishes often look like algae covered rocks . in coral reefs there isn ' t really a plentiful supply of algae for herbivore fishes . these fishes will approach a frogfish because they perceive a good feeding ground and are then caught . because no herbivore fishes can eat plants surrounding the frogfish ( they all get caught ) these plants will grow extensively and even more fishes are attracted to the ambush site .

the following habitats are found across the frogfish distribution range . find out more about these environments , what it takes to live there and what else inhabits them .

a warty frogfish ( antennarius maculatus ) housed at the steinhart aquarium , california academy of sciences . ( image credit : ben young landis / cc - by )

while diving off the coast of sulawesi , indonesia , one diver captured video of a frogfish taking a stroll along the ocean floor . in the more than 1 , 000 dives that hobbyist diver atsushi sadaki claims to have been on , he says he ' s seen a few frogfish but never any moving in this way .

9 ) the frogfish swims by jet propulsion . it uses backward - facing , tubelike gill openings that propel it along rather than using a tail like most fishes .

11 ) the frogfish lacks a swim bladder . this structure is found in most swimming fishes ; it maintains their buoyancy in a similar manner to a diver’s bc .

just as fishermen use different baits , different species of frogfish have different lures which imitate different prey from small squids , fish and worms through to crabs and shrimp .

a female and male _ a . striatus _ are paired together to mate . this is the only time that frogfish will come together without striking out . all frogfish are dangerously antisocial and don’t play well with others . the male is the smaller of the two in this image . both become bright orange just prior to spawning .

frogfish usually feed on smaller fish and can sit extremely still , camouflaged and lying in wait for prey to come by . sometimes a frogfisy may wriggle its lure or move its body to resemble whatever it is camouflaged as . when the meal approaches close enough , the frogfish rapidly open its large mouth , creating a vacuum that sucks the prey in . the attack is over in six milliseconds ! frogfish can also expand their mouths and stomachs large enough to swallow prey much bigger than they are .

the illicium ( rod ) and esca ( lure ) of the warty frogfish ( antennarius maculatus ) . ( image credit : ben young landis / cc - by )

luckily , frogfish don ' t spook easily , so there is no need for a large distance between you and the fish when photographing it . if focusing on juvenile frogfish , those that are smaller than an inch , a 105mm lens is a great choice , although you can get away with using a 60mm lens with a diopter .

there are many fish in the sea that use camouflage , but the frogfish is a real treat to see . frogfish can be found in tropical and subtropical oceans and seas off the coasts of africa , asia , australia and north america . next time you take a dive in one of these regions take a closer look at the reef .

the frogfish ( or anglerfish , angler , fishing frog ) is one of my favorite fishes so this website is dedicated entirely to this family of fishes ( antennariidae ) .

it’s important to fit in . that seems to be the approach taken by this frogfish , which has turned white to match the bleached coral on which it is living .

a few frogfish species ( mostly living in australia ) show special parental care for their eggs . for example lophiocharon trisignatus or lophiocharon lithinostomus have fewer but larger eggs than other frogfish species . the female attaches a cluster of eggs with a threadlike structure to the surface of his body ( see below ) and carries them around until they hatch .

frogfish , so named due to their squat resemblance to the common amphibians , range in size from around 5cm to the giant frogfish ' s colossal 40cm . they also resemble frogs in that their fins are more like legs , which they use to walk slowly over the sea bed and atop sponges and corals to lie in wait for their prey .

frogfish spend long periods being stationary ( which makes them excellent underwater photography subjects ) but they are a swimming species , most often though they move by jumping and walking along the sea floor . in order to “jump” the frogfish will suck in water through its mouth and then force it out through their gills – this makes them literally jet propelled !

hairy frogfish range in size and most have their hair growth right from the beginning . adapting quickly , they begin hunting as soon as they hatch from their eggs , gulping down anything for protein . using their rod and lure , frogfish like this juvenile a . striatus hunt smaller shrimps and sometimes other newly - hatched siblings from the same brood .

the weird and wonderful psychedelic frogfish ( histiophryne psychedelica ) was first described in 2009 ( 3 ) , following its discovery in indonesia in 2008 ( 1 ) ( 4 ) . with vivid stripes of bluish - green , white and yellowish - orange ( 4 ) , this strange - looking fish is a type of anglerfish ( a species in the order lophiiformes ) . however , unlike most in this order , and indeed its own family of frogfish , the psychedelic frogfish is unusual in not having a lure growing from its forehead ( 5 ) . in other anglerfish , the lure is a fleshy , modified dorsal fin spine that the anglerfish uses as ‘bait’ to attract prey ( 6 ) . the psychedelic frogfish also has forward - facing eyes on its flattened face , a trait not seen before in frogfish , and which is rare among fish in general ( 5 ) .

6 ) during a recent coral - bleaching event in the maldives , where great areas of coral became pure white , a frogfish was found camouflaging itself against these ghostly corals .

a similar species , antennarius hispidus may be distinguished from the striated frogfish by its esca or lure which is a large oval shaped tuft rather than worm - like in appearance .

the frogfish can be found in a number of locations including : africa , asia , australia , north america . find out more about these places and what else lives there .

frogfish aren ' t the only type of fish found " walking . " in june , a diver also swimming off the coast of indonesia filmed a stingfish performing a nimbler " walk " across the ocean floor . unlike frogfish , stingfish have pectoral fins that are separated and more apt at movement . ( read why the video had experts stumped . )

frogfish is an angler fish , which belongs to the family of antennariidae . there are around 44 members in the frogfish family . these species vary at a huge level on the basis of their size . the bandfin frogfish can grow up to a size of only 5 cm , whereas the giant frogfish can grow up to a size of 40 cm . as their size varies , their coloration , markings and body patterns also varies . as far as the shape of the body is considered , it is almost similar . frogfish are the underwater dwellers and very little is known about this species . they have unique characteristics that they can adapt themselves very well in their natural surroundings . their camouflaged behavior makes them very difficult to be detected and so much is not known about them . they vary in coloration and markings in such a way that it is very difficult to identify the species correctly .

especially the larger frogfish species change the way they hunt while growing . young frogfishes hide a lot ( like the smaller frogfish species ) . when they are grown up large frogfishes ( antennarius commerson , antennarius multiocellatus ) stay at the same place for a long time on exposed areas in the coral reef , so you will find them there during several dives .

food habits striated frogfish feed on crustaceans and various benthic fishes such as flounders , shrimp gobies and of particular note , the lionfish which is an invasive species with the distribution range of this frogfish . feeding behavior is quite unique in this group of fishes . when the frogfish detects its prey , it follows the movement of the prey item with its eyes . as the prey approaches , the frogfish begins to move its illicium in such a way that the esca mimics the movements of the organism it resembles which in this case is a worm . the frogfish slowly prepares for the surprise attack on the prey by stalking it or just adjusting its mouth in anticipation . the prey is actually caught via the sudden opening of the jaws which increases the mouth size up to 12 times , pulling in the prey along with water in just six milliseconds . this water flows out through the gills while the prey is swallowed and the esophagus is closed with a specially adapted muscle to keep the victim contained . frogfish can also expand their stomachs to swallow animals up to twice their own size !

14 ) juvenile painted frogfish mimic toxic nudibranchs . because of this behavior , they have little to fear from their own predators while being ignored by their prey , allowing easy ambush .

the lembeh frogfish ( listed here for a long time as antennatus sp . ) has been identified as nudiantennarius subteres resulting in a redescription of this species ( pietsch and arnold 2017 )

the eastern frogfish has a large mouth , fleshy lips and a tasseled ' beard ' . the species is endemic to australia , occurring from southern queensland to central new south wales .

frogfish ( common name derived from batrachoidiae or toadfish ) are crafty predators that are well designed for ambushing their prey by using “lying and wait” hunting tactics and employing several strategies to atract heir prey without exerting too much energy . they rarely , if ever , swim while hunting , and assume a more stationary position . frogfish are known for lightning fast strike speeds .

fish , fe . 1987 . kinematics and power output of jet propulsion by the frogfish genus antennarius ( lophiiformes : antennaridae ) . copeia 1987 ( 4 ) : 1046 - 1048 .

food habits this frogfish lies in a sponge and waits for a fish to swim by . it then wiggles the lure around in order to attract the prey . as the frogfish lumbers across the bottom , it moves these spines around in the same way as a snail moves its eye stalks , attracting small fish and crustaceans with its lure . it is capable of swallowing a fish that is larger in size than itself . eating mostly fish , the longlure frogfish has been known to occasionally feed on crabs and mantis shrimps . just like a recreational fisher , the frogfish will move to a different location if no fish are biting , using its stalked pectoral fins and its pelvic fins to slowly " walk " across the bottom .

( 9 ) : schneidewind , f . 2005 . a frogfish ( antennarius sp . ) as a mimic of sea urchins : a new form of mimicry in the family antennariidae .

frogfishes also employ chemical attractants . this is of importance to frogfish that forage at night like the hairy frogfish ( antennarius striatus ) . this frogfish also enlarges his esca by 35 % when actively luring . the hairy frogfish , a juvenile , about 9cm large , on the following 9 photos ( also possible to see as a short video ) was walking about and luring during about 10 minutes , checking out several goby burrows but with no success . during some time it stretched the lure out in front while walking , then again it was moving the lure over its head in complicated patterns . it was interesting to observe the lure , which made wavy movements , then again was rolled up and nearly hidden . click on thumbnail for enlargement .

by following the advice outlined here , even novice underwater photographers will find frogfish to be excellent subjects that can be photographed in a multitude of ways and using a number of different techniques .

the complete length of the lifecycle of an individual is unknown outside of captivity . the size can range anywhere from 1 / 8 inch to 22 inches . as a juvenile the giant frogfish may be white or yellow and saddled with reddish colored patches , often misidentified underwater as a clown frogfish . but as the individual grows towards the sex phase the colors can shift from pink , yellow , black , beige , green and more , often sporting scab like appendages . but all frogfish are speculated to have a chameleon like ability with some even growing hair like appendages .

the frogfish is a master of survival , with all it ' s adaptions . one of the many adaptions it has is it modified dorsal fin with a lure on top . the lure resembles the food of the frogfish ' s prey so they prey will come close the frogfish so it can suck it in . the lure is able to fold back between the fins when not in use , so it won ' t get damaged . another adaption this animal has is it ' s flexible jawbone . this allows it to open up 12 times it original mouth size . this is good for the frogfish because once the lure lures it close to the frogfish it can open up it ' s mouth and suck it in . another adaption it has is it ' s amazing camouflage . it ' s skin will match the surroundings coral colour also it has bumps on it ' s skin which makes it look exactly like the coral around it .

this species is not commercially valuable and is not accidentally captured by fisheries targeting other species . though some individuals are occasionally captured alive for display in public and private aquaria , this uncommon practice is not a threat to scarlet frogfish populations . scientists have not officially assessed the conservation status of the scarlet frogfish , but this naturally rare species is likely a species of least conservation concern .

the most interesting aspect of the frogfish , apart from his prefect camouflage is the way he attracts his prey . other fish lie in wait until the prey swims close to their mouth ( lie - in - wait predation ) , but the frogfish ( or anglerfish ) lures the prey ( fish , crustaceans ) actively to where it can strike . the lure mimics food animals like worms , small shrimps or small fish . the prey approaches to catch the lure and then is engulfed by the waiting frogfish ( see a video ) . this strategy is called aggressive mimicry .

there are many great destinations for diving in the presence of these fascinating creatures . frogfish are common in the dive destinations of indonesia , malaysia and burma , with some of the best being :

· lens choices can range from 105mm to 10 . 5mm , depending on the size of the frogfish . most mid range lenses are perfect , and a compact camera has a very good range

the psychedelic frogfish is the only known fish to ‘hop’ rather than swim , pushing off the sea floor using its leg - like fins and expelling water from its gills to propel itself forwards .

7 ) some deep - sea relatives of the frogfish exhibit sexual parasitism , where tiny parasitic males attach to larger females . males fuse to their partners , receiving nutrients while supplying sperm in return .

below is the solution for frogfish features crossword clue . this clue was last seen on jul 8 2017 in the wall street journal crossword puzzle . while searching our database we found 1 possible solution matching the query “frogfish features” . please check the answer provided below and if its not what you are looking for then head over to the main post and use the search function . you can always go back at

of course not all prey is attracted by the lure . a more passive approach is the excellent camouflage of the frogfishes . many animals just mistake a frogfish for a sponge , come too close and are swallowed . i have actually seen on various occasions , how small gobies flittered over the body of a frogfish sitting in a sponge , without being aware of the danger of getting eaten ( image ) .

frogfishes mainly eat fishes and crustaceans ( shrimps and crabs ) . they can swallow items of prey that are twice as large as them ( see a video ) . luring techniques vary depending on the surrounding the frogfish lives in . a frogfish ( for example antennarius striatus ) living mainly on sand often has a lure that reaches close to the ground , so it can move the lure at the entrances of burrows or entice benthic animals like flounders to come closer . a frogfish living exposed on sponges or corals ( for example antennarius commerson ) will lure more often above its head and might have a longish lure . a frogfish living hidden in crevices ( for example antennatus nummifer ) often is small and has a small lure , more like a white ball and will stretch it in front of its head or just above .

hi graham , i have never seen frogfish spawn at dusk , as many other fish do , but only at night . i noted the times of the last two spawnings that i witnessed on my notes at the top of this page . the first two spawnings , in 2003 and 2005 , occurred at 9 : 08pm and 8 : 45pm , respectively . good luck with your quest to witness frogfish spawning !

the broad face of the psychedelic frogfish has an expanded , fleshy chin and cheeks ( 1 ) ( 7 ) , giving it the appearance of a lion’s mane ( 8 ) . this species also has a large , gaping mouth ( 9 ) . its body has thick skin with many folds ( 5 ) , and its tail is slightly off - centre ( 9 ) . as in other frogfish , the pectoral fins on each side of the psychedelic frogfish’s body have evolved to be more like legs than fins ( 2 ) ( 3 ) . the fish also has three spines along its back ( 7 ) .

it is possible that other opportunistic predators would devour anglerfish , particularly when they are still young . indeed in some cultures , man would happily lift some floating sargassum and take the sheltering frogfish home to be eaten .

so - enjoy this website , look at the largest collection of frogfish photos , read about the behavior of this amazing fish and . . . . . get wet ! those critters are waiting for you underwater !

anglerfish generally have the ability to change colour and become camouflaged against their surroundings to stay hidden from prey attracted by their lure . in contrast , the psychedelic frogfish’s lurid colouring does not change , which appears to be reflected in its behaviour as it is a shy and elusive species , hiding itself away . this is presumably due to its inability to become camouflaged in the open . researchers speculate that the psychedelic frogfish’s flamboyant colouring may be a way for the fish to mimic the corals within its habitat ( 5 ) . each individual psychedelic frogfish can be identified by its unique pattern of stripes and concentric rings ( 5 ) ( 7 ) .

“spinules” or small spines are a hair - like structure which give these frogfish their name . the “hair” actually grows right from its soft skin tissue with a variance in density from abundant to hardly any at all .

it inhabits shallow reefs at depths less than 215 feet ( 66 meters ) where it quite easily mimics surrounding sponges . the longlure frogfish is a bottom dweller , occurring in warm shallow waters . the frogfish uses its stalked pectoral fins and its pelvic fins to slowly " walk " across the bottom . frogfishes have been observed inflating themselves by filling their stomachs with air or water . this is a solitary species found in small populations .

warty frogfish ( antennarius maculatus ) are sedentary seafloor dwellers that can change colour over just a few weeks to seamlessly blend in with their surroundings . their disguise renders them invisible to unsuspecting prey that they snatch for dinner .