chionodes adamas is a moth in the gelechiidae family .

it is found in north america , where it has been recorded from southern quebec and manitoba to mississippi and texas .

the larvae are leaf folders and tiers on quercus alba , quercus ilicifolia , quercus laurifolia , quercus prinus and quercus rubra .

chionodes adamas

chionodes adamas <EOT> chionodes adamas hodges , 1999 , n . sp . , mona fascicle 7 . 6

adamas ; hodges , 1999 , moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 150 , 332

chionodes adamas hodges , 1999 ; moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 150 , 332 , pl . 2 , f . 61 - 63 ; tl : devil ' s den state park , washington co . , arkansas

chionodes borzella bidzilya , 2000 ; beitr . ent . 50 ( 2 ) : 391

no one has contributed data records for chionodes adam yet . learn how to contribute .

chionodes soella huemer & sattler , 1995 ; beitr . ent . 45 ( 1 ) : 21

chionodes aprilella huemer & sattler , 1995 ; beitr . ent . 45 ( 1 ) : 24

chionodes flavipalpella huemer & sattler , 1995 ; beitr . ent . 45 ( 1 ) : 33

chionodes flavipalpella ; hodges , 1999 , moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 333

chionodes caucasiella huemer & sattler , 1995 ; beitr . ent . 45 ( 1 ) : 34

chionodes caucasiella ; hodges , 1999 , moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 333

chionodes frigidella huemer & sattler , 1995 ; beitr . ent . 45 ( 1 ) : 50

chionodes frigidella ; hodges , 1999 , moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 333

chionodes tantella huemer & sattler , 1995 ; beitr . ent . 45 ( 1 ) : 64

chionodes tantella ; hodges , 1999 , moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 333

chionodes attonita ; hodges , 1999 , moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 333

chionodes ermolaevi bidzilya , 2012 ; shilap revta lepid . 40 ( 160 ) : 422 ; tl : sakhalin

chionodes grandis clarke , 1947 ; j . wash . acad . sci . 37 : 253 ; tl : silverton , colorado

chionodes tundra bidzilya , 2012 ; shilap revta lepid . 40 ( 160 ) : 421 ; tl : jamalo - nenetskiy ar

chionodes pereyra clarke , 1947 ; j . wash . acad . sci . 37 : 253 ; tl : vero beach , florida

chionodes stefaniae ; landry & roque - albelo , 2010 , revue suisse zool . 117 ( 4 ) : 699 ( list )

chionodes salicella sattler , 1967 ; can . ent . 99 : 82 ; tl : skeena crossing , cassiar dist . , british colombia

chionodes acerella sattler , 1967 ; can . ent . 99 : 78 ; tl : izman creek , kamloops distr . , british columbia

chionodes tessa clarke , 1947 ; j . wash . acad . sci . 37 : 246 ; tl : petaluma , sonoma co . , california

chionodes canofusella clarke , 1947 ; j . wash . acad . sci . 37 : 248 ; tl : encantada , brooks co . , texas

chionodes bicolor clarke , 1947 ; j . wash . acad . sci . 37 : 250 ; tl : petaluma , sonoma co . , california

chionodes meridiochilensis king & montesinos , 2012 ; acta zool . cracov . 55 ( 1 ) : 47 ; tl : chile , region de biobio

chionodes stefaniae schmitz & landry , 2007 ; rev . suisse zool . 114 : 177 ; tl : galapagos , isabela , volcan darwin , 630m

chionodes iridescens clarke , 1947 ; j . wash . acad . sci . 37 : 244 ; tl : american lake , pierce co . , washington

chionodes pleroma ; [ nhm card ] ; hodges , 1999 , moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 32 ( note ) , 331

chionodes scotodes ; [ nhm card ] ; hodges , 1999 , moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 32 ( note ) , 331

chionodes whitmanella clarke , 1942 ; proc . u . s . nat . mus . 92 ( 3149 ) : 271 ; tl : pullmann , washington

the moths of america north of mexico including greenland . fascicle 7 . 6 . gelechioidea , gelechiidae ( part ) , gelechiinae ( part - chionodes )

the lepidoptera of white sands national monument , otero county , new mexico , usa 10 . a remarkable new white species of chionodes hübner ( gelechiidae )

chionodes sabinianae powell , 1959 ; ent . news 70 ( 5 ) : 127 ; tl : russelman park , mt diablo , contra costa co . , california

chionodes soella ; hodges , 1999 , moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 333 ; [ me3 ] , 139 , 31 ; [ fe ]

chionodes aprilella ; hodges , 1999 , moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 333 ; [ me3 ] , 141 , 31 ; [ fe ]

= chionodes psilopterus ; hodges , 1999 , moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 201 ; lee , hodges & brown , 2009 , zootaxa 2231 : 18

chionodes cusor hodges , 1999 ; moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 204 , 333 , pl . 4 , f . 75 ; tl : alamosa , colorado

chionodes offectus hodges , 1999 ; moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 219 , 333 , pl . 3 , f . 57 ; tl : boulder , colorado

chionodes fimus hodges , 1999 ; moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 204 , 333 , pl . 4 , f . 76 ; tl : schrader lake , alaska

chionodes tragicella ; [ nhm card ] ; hodges , 1999 , moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 333 ; [ me3 ] , 139 , 31 ; [ fe ]

chionodes luctuella ; [ nhm card ] ; hodges , 1999 , moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 333 ; [ me3 ] , 140 , 31 ; [ fe ]

chionodes molitor hodges , 1999 ; moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 210 , 333 , pl . 3 , f . 36 ; tl : putnam co . , illinois

chionodes boreas hodges , 1999 ; moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 211 , 333 , pl . 3 , f . 43 - 44 ; tl : nordegg , alberta

chionodes holosericella ; [ nhm card ] ; hodges , 1999 , moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 333 ; [ me3 ] , 143 , 31 ; [ fe ]

chionodes histon hodges , 1999 ; moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 221 , 333 , pl . 3 , f . 61 ; tl : penticon creek , british columbia

chionodes perpetuella ; [ nhm card ] ; hodges , 1999 , moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 333 ; [ me3 ] , 146 , 31 ; [ fe ]

chionodes apolectella ; [ nhm card ] ; hodges , 1999 , moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 333 ; [ me3 ] , 147 , 31 ; [ fe ]

chionodes hayreddini ; [ nhm card ] ; hodges , 1999 , moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 333 ; [ me3 ] , 149 , 31 ; [ fe ]

chionodes hinnella ; [ nhm card ] ; hodges , 1999 , moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 333 ; [ me3 ] , 149 , 31 ; [ fe ]

chionodes bastuliella ; [ nhm card ] ; hodges , 1999 , moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 333 ; [ me3 ] , 150 , 32 ; [ fe ]

chionodes nebulosella ; [ nhm card ] ; hodges , 1999 , moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 333 ; [ me3 ] , 152 , 32 ; [ fe ]

chionodes sagayica ; huemer & sattler , 1995 , beitr . ent . 45 ( 1 ) : 63 ; hodges , 1999 , moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 333

chionodes nitor hodges , 1999 ; moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 84 , 331 , pl . 1 , f . 59 ; tl : berkeley , alameda co , california

chionodes oecus hodges , 1999 ; moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 89 , 331 , pl . 1 , f . 63 - 64 ; tl : palm springs , california

chionodes lacticoma ; [ nhm card ] ; hodges , 1999 , moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 32 ( note ) , 331 ; [ sangmi lee & richard brown ]

chionodes icriodes ; [ nhm card ] ; hodges , 1999 , moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 32 ( note ) , 331 ; [ sangmi lee & richard brown ]

chionodes litigiosa ; [ nhm card ] ; hodges , 1999 , moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 32 ( note ) , 331 ; [ sangmi lee & richard brown ]

chionodes pentadora ; [ nhm card ] ; hodges , 1999 , moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 32 ( note ) , 331 ; [ sangmi lee & richard brown ]

chionodes dryobathra ; [ nhm card ] ; hodges , 1999 , moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 106 ( note ) , 332 ; [ sangmi lee & richard brown ]

chionodes argosema ; [ nhm card ] ; hodges , 1999 , moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 165 ( note ) , 332 ; [ sangmi lee & richard brown ]

chionodes consona ; [ nhm card ] ; hodges , 1999 , moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 165 ( note ) , 332 ; [ sangmi lee & richard brown ]

chionodes eburata ; [ nhm card ] ; hodges , 1999 , moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 165 ( note ) , 332 ; [ sangmi lee & richard brown ]

chionodes salva ; [ nhm card ] ; hodges , 1999 , moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 172 ( note ) , 332 ; [ sangmi lee & richard brown ]

chionodes sepultor hodges , 1999 ; moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 220 , 333 , pl . 3 , f . 60 ; tl : 6 mi nw newcastle , wyoming

chionodes percultor hodges , 1999 ; moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 58 , 331 , pl . 4 , f . 1 ; tl : washington mtns , near nogales , arizona

chionodes plutor hodges , 1999 ; moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 91 , 331 , pl . 1 , f . 69 ; tl : sanderson , terrell co . , texas

chionodes nepos hodges , 1999 ; moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 92 , 331 , pl . 1 , f . 71 ; tl : indio , riverside co . , california

chionodes thyotes hodges , 1999 ; moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 96 , 331 , pl . 2 , f . 1 ; tl : southmost , cameron co . , texas

chionodes soter hodges , 1999 ; moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 128 , 332 , pl . 2 , f . 39 - 41 ; tl : putnam co . , illinois

chionodes ceryx hodges , 1999 ; moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 172 , 332 , pl . 3 , f . 13 - 14 ; tl : n key largo , florida

chionodes rabula hodges , 1999 ; moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 59 , 331 , pl . 1 , f . 16 ; tl : parker island , highlands co . , florida

chionodes cacula hodges , 1999 ; moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 61 , 331 , pl . 5 , f . 1 ; tl : archbold biologial station , lake placid , florida

chionodes emptor hodges , 1999 ; moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 62 , 331 , pl . 1 , f . 17 ; tl : archbold biologial station , lake placid , florida

chionodes drapeta hodges , 1999 ; moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 63 , 331 , pl . 1 , f . 18 ; tl : key largo , monroe co . , florida

chionodes paean hodges , 1999 ; moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 93 , 331 , pl . 1 , f . 72 ; tl : jacumba , san diego co . , california

chionodes cibus hodges , 1999 ; moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 98 , 331 , pl . 2 , f . 6 ; tl : laguna atascosa , cameron co . , texas

chionodes occlusus ; [ nacl ] , # 2101 ; hodges , 1999 , moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 333 ; lee , hodges & brown , 2009 , zootaxa 2231 : 18

chionodes suasor hodges , 1999 ; moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 57 , 331 , pl . 1 , f . 14 ; tl : huntsville state park , walker co . , texas

chionodes esor hodges , 1999 ; moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 62 , 331 , pl . 1 , f . 19 ; tl : big pine key , monroe co . , florida

chionodes tarmes hodges , 1999 ; moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 66 , 331 , pl . 4 , f . 5 ; tl : t2n r14w s31 , allegan co . , michigan

chionodes macor hodges , 1999 ; moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 88 , 331 , pl . 1 , f . 62 ; tl : saratoga springs , san bernardino co . , california

chionodes irreptor hodges , 1999 ; moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 143 , 332 , pl . 2 , f . 53 ; tl : garner state park , uvalde co . , texas

chionodes restio hodges , 1999 ; moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 148 , 332 , pl . 2 , f . 58 - 59 ; tl : sonoma , sonoma co . , california

chionodes ludio hodges , 1999 ; moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 152 , 332 , pl . 2 , f . 64 ; tl : new lisbon , burlington co . , new jersey

chionodes obelus hodges , 1999 ; moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 186 , 332 , pl . 3 , f . 16 ; tl : hayfork ranger station , trinity co . , california

chionodes kubai hodges , 1999 ; moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 188 , 332 , pl . 4 , f . 43 ; tl : pne hill , el dorado co . , california

chionodes rectifex hodges , 1999 ; moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 199 , 333 , pl . 3 , f . 23 - 24 ; tl : pensacola , escambia co . , florida

chionodes aleo hodges , 1999 ; moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 202 , 333 , pl . 4 , f . 71 ; tl : cedar pass campground , modoc co . , california

chionodes rupex hodges , 1999 ; moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 203 , 333 , pl . 4 , f . 74 ; tl : green river lake , wind river range , wyoming

chionodes fictor hodges , 1999 ; moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 219 , 333 , pl . 3 , f . 58 ; tl : atigun pass & below , brooks range , alaska

chionodes praecia hodges , 1999 ; moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 222 , 333 , pl . 3 , f . 63 - 64 ; tl : vineyard , utah co . , utah

chionodes pulvis hodges , 1999 ; moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 69 , 331 , pl . 1 , f . 30 ; tl : san bruno mtns , san mateo co . , california

chionodes bios hodges , 1999 ; moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 191 , 332 , pl . 4 , f . 47 ; tl : 4 mi n prescott , yavapai co . , arizona

chionodes tannuolella ; [ nhm card ] ; huemer & sattler , 1995 , beitr . ent . 45 ( 1 ) : 32 ; hodges , 1999 , moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 333

chionodes lictor hodges , 1999 ; moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 222 , 333 , pl . 3 , f . 62 ; tl : mt . shasta city , shasta co . , california

chionodes procus hodges , 1999 ; moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 92 , 331 , pl . 1 , f . 70 ; tl : gran quivira national monument , socorro co . , new mexico

chionodes lector hodges , 1999 ; moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 121 , 332 , pl . 2 , f . 25 - 26 ; tl : woodwardia canyon e , riverside co . , california

chionodes sevir hodges , 1999 ; moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 137 , 332 , pl . 4 , f . 24 ; tl : highlands , 3865 ' , macon co . , north carolina

chionodes baro hodges , 1999 ; moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 144 , 332 , pl . 2 , f . 54 ; tl : highlands , 3865 ' , macon co . , north carolina

chionodes popa hodges , 1999 ; moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 167 , 332 , pl . 3 , f . 6 - 7 ; tl : mint canyon , los angeles co . , california

chionodes donatella ; hodges , 1999 , moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 169 , 332 , pl . 3 , f . 9 ; lee , hodges & brown , 2009 , zootaxa 2231 : 16

chionodes petro hodges , 1999 ; moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 169 , 332 , pl . 3 , f . 10 ; tl : 2 mi ne lakeside , san diego co . , california

chionodes dolo hodges , 1999 ; moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 198 , 333 , pl . 3 , f . 22 ; tl : dempster highway , km 155 , 1050m , yukon , canada

chionodes praeco hodges , 1999 ; moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 209 , 333 , pl . 3 , f . 34 - 35 ; tl : ocqueoc lake , presque isle co . , michigan

chionodes manabiensis schmitz & landry , 2007 ; rev . suisse zool . 114 : 180 ; tl : ecuador , manabi , parque nacional machalilla , los frailes , s 01°29 . 340 ' , w 80°46 . 868 40m

chionodes hapsus hodges , 1999 ; moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 55 , 331 , pl . 1 , f . 12 ; tl : devil ' s den state park , washington co . , arkansas

chionodes volo hodges , 1999 ; moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 75 , 331 , pl . 1 , f . 38 ; tl : fort davis , 5000 ' , jeff davis co . , texas

chionodes landryi hodges , 1999 ; moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 95 , 331 , pl . 1 , f . 76 ; tl : lost river valley , 10 km s onefour , alberta , cadana

chionodes factor hodges , 1999 ; moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 196 , 333 , pl . 4 , f . 60 ; tl : big bear lake , 6800 , san bernardino co . , california

chionodes trico hodges , 1999 ; moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 211 , 333 , pl . 3 , f . 45 - 46 ; tl : hardy work center , lawrence co . , south dakoa

chionodes impes hodges , 1999 ; moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 227 , 333 , pl . 3 , f . 70 , pl . 5 , f . 4 ; tl : kamiak butte , washington

chionodes sannio hodges , 1999 ; moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 70 , 331 , pl . 1 , f . 31 ; tl : 2 . 5 mi west fort simcoe , yakima co . , washington

chionodes stator hodges , 1999 ; moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 71 , 331 , pl . 1 , f . 32 ; tl : 2 . 5 mi west fort simcoe , yakima co . , washington

chionodes meddix hodges , 1999 ; moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 73 , 331 , pl . 1 , f . 35 ; tl : clear creek camp , se camp verde , yavapai co . , arizona

chionodes pavor hodges , 1999 ; moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 80 , 331 , pl . 1 , f . 49 ; tl : camp baldy , san bernardino mtns , san bernardino co . , california

chionodes pacator hodges , 1999 ; moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 82 , 331 , pl . 1 , f . 53 ; tl : mt lowe , san gabriel mtns , los angeles co . , california

chionodes regens hodges , 1999 ; moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 85 , 331 , pl . 1 , f . 61 ; tl : hackberry lake , valenine national wildlife refuge , cherry co . , nebraska

chionodes morus hodges , 1999 ; moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 103 , 331 , pl . 4 , f . 22 ; tl : ciervo hills , 18 mi sw medota , fresno co . , califoria

chionodes cautor hodges , 1999 ; moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 142 , 332 , pl . 2 , f . 52 ; tl : green gulch , big bend national park , brewster co . , texas

chionodes mikkolai hodges , 1999 ; moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 208 , 333 , pl . 3 , f . 33 ; tl : carmacks , 62°05 ' n , 136°20 ' w , yukon , canada

chionodes franclemonti hodges , 1999 ; moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 65 , 331 , pl . 4 , f . 2 - 4 ; tl : wrangle brook road , lakehurst , ocean co . , new jersey

chionodes sanator hodges , 1999 ; moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 85 , 331 , pl . 1 , f . 60 ; tl : sw res sta , 5400 , chiricahua mts , cochise co . , arizona

chionodes repertor hodges , 1999 ; moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 89 , 331 , pl . 1 , f . 65 ; tl : 7 mi e jacob lake , coconino co . , 6800 ' , arizona

chionodes elainae hodges , 1999 ; moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 192 , 332 , pl . 4 , f . 50 ; tl : onion saddle , 7600 ' , chiricahua mtns , cochise co . , arizona

chionodes hospes hodges , 1999 ; moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 196 , 333 , pl . 4 , f . 61 - 62 ; tl : 9 mi sw atascadero , san luis obispo co . , california

chionodes sponsus hodges , 1999 ; moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 207 , 333 , pl . 4 , f . 81 ; tl : sierra diable wildlife management area , 6400 ' , culberson co . , texas

chionodes theurgis hodges , 1999 ; moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 213 , 333 , pl . 3 , f . 47 ; tl : 4 mi sw buean vista , 8700 ' , chaffee co . , colorado

chionodes imber hodges , 1999 ; moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 71 , 331 , pl . 1 , f . 33 - 34 ; tl : hackberry lake , valentine nationa wildlife reserve , cherry co . , nebraska

chionodes naevus hodges , 1999 ; moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 77 , 331 , pl . 1 , f . 41 ; tl : cave creek canyon , 5400 ' , chiricahua mtns , cochise co . , arizona

chionodes davisi hodges , 1999 ; moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 78 , 331 , pl . 1 , f . 42 ; tl : southwest research station , 5400 ' , chiricahua mtns , cochise co . , arizona

chionodes delitor hodges , 1999 ; moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 83 , 331 , pl . 1 , f . 58 ; tl : k bar ranch , chisos mtns , 3400 ' , brewster co . , texas

chionodes bardus hodges , 1999 ; moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 99 , 331 , pl . 4 , f . 10 ; tl : santa barbara island , channel island national park , santa barbara co . , california

chionodes metoecus hodges , 1999 ; moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 125 , 332 , pl . 2 , f . 32 - 34 ; tl : snake creek , 3 mi nw midway , wasatch co . , utah

chionodes optio hodges , 1999 ; moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 154 , 332 , pl . 4 , f . 32 ; tl : mt locke , davis mtns , 6700 ' , jeff davis co . , texas

chionodes agriodes ; [ nacl ] , # 2059 ; [ nhm card ] ; hodges , 1999 , moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 202 , 333 ; lee , hodges & brown , 2009 , zootaxa 2231 : 15

chionodes bustosorum metzler , 2016 ; zootaxa 4109 ( 3 ) : 373 ; tl : new mexico , otero co . , white sands nat . mon . , 106°1 . 38 ' w ; 32°46 . 60 ' n 4 , 000 '

chionodes powelli hodges , 1999 ; moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 52 , 331 , pl . 1 , f . 2 ; tl : snake lake , 4 mi nw quincy , 4000 ' , plumas co . , california

chionodes abavus hodges , 1999 ; moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 64 , 331 , pl . 1 , f . 20 ; tl : madera canyon , santa rita mts , 4880 ' , santa cruz co . , arizona

chionodes obex hodges , 1999 ; moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 75 , 331 , pl . 1 , f . 39 ; tl : madera canyon , santa rita mtns , 4880 ' , santa cruz co . , arizona

chionodes munifex hodges , 1999 ; moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 76 , 331 , pl . 1 , f . 40 ; tl : madera canyon , santa rita mtns , 4880 ' , santa cruz co . , arizona

chionodes sabinianae ; [ nhm card ] ; hodges , 1999 , moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 79 , 331 , pl . 1 , f . 48 ; lee , hodges & brown , 2009 , zootaxa 2231 : 19

chionodes rector hodges , 1999 ; moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 83 , 331 , pl . 1 , f . 56 - 57 ; tl : 5 mi n buena vista , 8200 ' , chaffee co . , colorado

chionodes fremor hodges , 1999 ; moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 128 , 332 , pl . 2 , f . 38 ; tl : madera canyon , santa rita mtns , 4880 ' , santa cruz co . , arizona

chionodes lusor hodges , 1999 ; moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 130 , 332 , pl . 2 , f . 42 ; tl : madera canyon , santa rita mtns , 4880 ' , santa cruz co . , arizona

chionodes erro hodges , 1999 ; moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 134 , 332 , pl . 4 , f . 23 ; tl : madera canyon , santa rita mtns , 4880 ' , santa cruz co . , arizona

chionodes altor hodges , 1999 ; moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 141 , 332 , pl . 4 , f . 30 ; tl : madera canyon , santa rita mtns , 4880 ' , santa cruz co . , arizona

chionodes pinax hodges , 1999 ; moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 149 , 332 , pl . 2 , f . 60 ; tl : hart prairie , 10 mi nnw flagstaff , 8500 ' , coconino co . , arizona

chionodes messor hodges , 1999 ; moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 153 , 332 , pl . 2 , f . 65 ; tl : 1 mi ne san marcos pass , 1500 ' , santa barbara co . , california

chionodes magirus hodges , 1999 ; moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 157 , 332 , pl . 4 , f . 34 ; tl : madera canyon , santa rita mtns , 4880 ' , santa cruz co . , arizona

chionodes gestor hodges , 1999 ; moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 159 , 332 , pl . 2 , f . 74 ; tl : madera canyon , santa rita mtns , 4880 ' , santa cruz co . , arizona

chionodes bibo hodges , 1999 ; moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 162 , 332 , pl . 3 , f . 3 ; tl : madera canyon , santa rita mtns , 5600 ' , santa cruz co . , arizona

chionodes luror hodges , 1999 ; moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 193 , 332 , pl . 4 , f . 51 ; tl : west fork , 6500 ' , 16 mi sw flagstaff , coconino co . , arizona

chionodes gratus hodges , 1999 ; moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 203 , 333 , pl . 3 , f . 28 ; tl : big timber canyon , 6500 ' , half moon park , crazy mts . , montana

chionodes senica hodges , 1999 ; moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 206 , 333 , pl . 4 , f . 79 ; tl : hart prairie , 8500 ' , 10 mi nnw flagstaff , coconino co . , arizona

chionodes dator hodges , 1999 ; moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 206 , 333 , pl . 4 , f . 80 ; tl : louis lake , 28 mi sw lander , 8600 ' , fremont co . , wyoming

chionodes ustor hodges , 1999 ; moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 207 , 333 , pl . 3 , f . 32 ; tl : bridger forest camp , 7500 ' , wind river mtns , sublette co . , wyoming

chionodes rogator hodges , 1999 ; moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 208 , 333 , pl . 4 , f . 82 - 83 ; tl : mosca creek , great sand dunes national monument , alamosa co . , colorado

chionodes veles hodges , 1999 ; moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 212 , 333 , pl . 4 , f . 84 ; tl : castles , 8 mi e buena vista , 8800 ' , chaffee co . , colorado

chionodes gerdius hodges , 1999 ; moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 214 , 333 , pl . 4 , f . 87 ; tl : oso flaco lake , 5 mi s oceano , san luis obispo co . , california

chionodes latro hodges , 1999 ; moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 224 , 333 , pl . 3 , f . 68 - 69 ; tl : lake delancy , ocala national forest read 75 , mario co . , florida

chionodes rhombus hodges , 1999 ; moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 105 , 331 , pl . 2 , f . 9 ; tl : fort valley , 7 . 5 mi nw flagstaff , 7350ä , coconino co . , arizona

chionodes tributor hodges , 1999 ; moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 214 , 333 , pl . 3 , f . 48 ; tl : ozena camp , cuyama river , 1 mi e hiway 33 , ventura co . , california

chionodes ensis hodges , 1999 ; moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 216 , 333 , pl . 3 , f . 50 - 51 ; tl : head of ephraim canyon , 10000 - 10300 ' , sanpete co . , utah

chionodes nubilella ; huemer & sattler , 1995 , beitr . ent . 45 ( 1 ) : 35 ; hodges , 1999 , moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 333 ; [ me3 ] , 145 , 31 ; [ fe ]

chionodes donahueorum hodges , 1999 ; moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 68 , 331 , pl . 1 , f . 28 - 29 ; tl : mt washington district , 840 ' , los angeles , los angeles co . , california

chionodes parens hodges , 1999 ; moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 136 , 332 , pl . 2 , f . 50 - 51 ; tl : madera canyon , santa rita mtns , 4880 ' , santa cruz co . , arizona

chionodes adam hodges , 1999 ; moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 140 , 332 , pl . 4 , f . 28 - 29 ; tl : madera canyon , santa rita mtns , 4880 ' , santa cruz co . , arizona

chionodes nubis hodges , 1999 ; moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 156 , 332 , pl . 2 , f . 67 - 68 ; tl : hart prairie , 10 mi nnw flagstaff , 8500 ' , coconino co . , arizona

chionodes innox hodges , 1999 ; moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 158 , 332 , pl . 2 , f . 69 - 73 ; tl : madera canyon , santa rita mtns , 5600 ' , santa cruz co . , arizona

chionodes canofusella ; [ nacl ] , # 2066 ; hodges , 1999 , moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 189 , 332 , pl . 3 , f . 17 ; lee , hodges & brown , 2009 , zootaxa 2231 : 15

chionodes psilopterus ; [ nacl ] , # 2111 ; hodges , 1999 , moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 201 , 333 , pl . 3 , f . 26 ; lee , hodges & brown , 2009 , zootaxa 2231 : 18

chionodes metallicus ; [ nacl ] , # 2094 ; hodges , 1999 , moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 220 , 333 , pl . 3 , f . 59 ; lee , hodges & brown , 2009 , zootaxa 2231 : 17

chionodes canor hodges , 1999 ; moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 221 , 333 , pl . 3 , f . 25 ; tl : fort valley , 7 . 5 mi nw flagstaff , 7350 ' , coconino co . , arizona

chionodes abitus hodges , 1999 ; moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 56 , 331 , pl . 1 , f . 13 ; tl : cold creek , 5 mi s buck creek ranger station , 6300 ' , modoc co . , california

chionodes lactans hodges , 1999 ; moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 74 , 331 , pl . 1 , f . 36 - 37 ; tl : sierra diablo , 20 mi nnw van horn , 6000 ' , culberson co . , texas

chionodes fructuarius ; [ nacl ] , # 2078 ; hodges , 1999 , moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 97 , 331 , pl . 2 , f . 4 - 5 ; lee , hodges & brown , 2009 , zootaxa 2231 : 16

chionodes luteogeminatus ; [ nacl ] , # 2091 ; hodges , 1999 , moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 100 , 331 , pl . 4 , f . 11 - 12 ; lee , hodges & brown , 2009 , zootaxa 2231 : 17

chionodes helicostictus ; [ nacl ] , # 2083 ; hodges , 1999 , moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 102 , 331 , pl . 4 , f . 16 - 18 ; lee , hodges & brown , 2009 , zootaxa 2231 : 16

chionodes pallor hodges , 1999 ; moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 197 , 333 , pl . 3 , f . 20 - 21 ; tl : fort valley , 7350 ' , 7 . 5 mi nw flagstaff , coconino co . , arizona

chionodes nigrobarbatus ; [ nacl ] , # 2097 ; hodges , 1999 , moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 223 , 333 , pl . 3 , f . 65 - 66 ; lee , hodges & brown , 2009 , zootaxa 2231 : 17

chionodes praetor hodges , 1999 ; moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 224 , 333 , pl . 3 , f . 67 , pl . 4 , f . 90 ; tl : head ephraim canyon , 10300 ' , sanpete co . , utah

chionodes permactus ; [ nacl ] , # 2106 ; hodges , 1999 , moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 228 , 333 , pl . 5 , f . 5 - 8 ; lee , hodges & brown , 2009 , zootaxa 2231 : 18

chionodes violacea ; [ nhm card ] ; huemer & sattler , 1995 , beitr . ent . 45 ( 1 ) : 25 ; hodges , 1999 , moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 333 ; [ me3 ] , 142 , 31 ; [ fe ]

chionodes distinctella ; [ nhm card ] ; huemer & sattler , 1995 , beitr . ent . 45 ( 1 ) : 42 ; hodges , 1999 , moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 333 ; [ me3 ] , 148 , 31 ; [ fe ]

chionodes clarkei hodges , 1999 ; moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 228 , 333 , pl . 3 , f . 71 , pl . 5 , f . 9 ; tl : steens mt . , fish lake , 7100 , harney co . , oregon

chionodes electella ; [ nhm card ] ; huemer & sattler , 1995 , beitr . ent . 45 ( 1 ) : 52 ; hodges , 1999 , moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 333 ; [ me3 ] , 150 , 32 ; [ fe ]

chionodes fumatella ; [ nhm card ] ; huemer & sattler , 1995 , beitr . ent . 45 ( 1 ) : 59 ; hodges , 1999 , moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 333 ; [ me3 ] , 153 , 32 ; [ fe ]

chionodes ignorantella ; [ nhm card ] ; huemer & sattler , 1995 , beitr . ent . 45 ( 1 ) : 65 ; hodges , 1999 , moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 333 ; [ me3 ] , 154 , 32 ; [ fe ]

chionodes argentipunctella ; [ nacl ] , # 2061 ; [ nhm card ] ; hodges , 1999 , moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 55 , 331 , pl . 1 , f . 11 ; lee , hodges & brown , 2009 , zootaxa 2231 : 15

chionodes gilvomaculella ; [ nacl ] , # 2080 ; [ nhm card ] ; hodges , 1999 , moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 59 , 331 , pl . 1 , f . 15 ; lee , hodges & brown , 2009 , zootaxa 2231 : 16

chionodes periculella ; [ nacl ] , # 2105 ; [ nhm card ] ; hodges , 1999 , moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 80 , 331 , pl . 1 , f . 49 ; lee , hodges & brown , 2009 , zootaxa 2231 : 18

chionodes xanthophilella ; [ nacl ] , # 2125 ; [ nhm card ] ; hodges , 1999 , moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 90 , 331 , pl . 1 , f . 66 ; lee , hodges & brown , 2009 , zootaxa 2231 : 19

chionodes sistrella ; [ nacl ] , # 2116 ; [ nhm card ] ; hodges , 1999 , moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 93 , 331 , pl . 1 , f . 73 ; lee , hodges & brown , 2009 , zootaxa 2231 : 19

chionodes hodgesorum metzler , 2014 ; j . lep . soc . 68 ( 2 ) : 81 ; tl : new mexico , otero co . , white sands nat . monument , edge of dunes habitat , 106°11 . 32 ' w , 32°45 . 72 ' n , 4000 '

chionodes paralogella ; [ nacl ] , # 2103 ; [ nhm card ] ; hodges , 1999 , moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 100 , 331 , pl . 4 , f . 13 ; lee , hodges & brown , 2009 , zootaxa 2231 : 18

chionodes salicella ; [ nacl ] , # 2114 ; [ nhm card ] ; hodges , 1999 , moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 120 , 331 , pl . 2 , f . 22 ; lee , hodges & brown , 2009 , zootaxa 2231 : 19

chionodes acerella ; [ nacl ] , # 2057 ; [ nhm card ] ; hodges , 1999 , moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 124 , 332 , pl . 2 , f . 31 ; lee , hodges & brown , 2009 , zootaxa 2231 : 15

chionodes terminimaculella ; [ nacl ] , # 2117 ; [ nhm card ] ; hodges , 1999 , moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 132 , 332 , pl . 2 , f . 46 ; lee , hodges & brown , 2009 , zootaxa 2231 : 19

chionodes pastor hodges , 1999 ; moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 155 , 332 , pl . 2 , f . 66 , pl . 4 , f . 33 ; tl : great basin exp staion nr ephraim , 8850 ' , sanpete co . , utah

chionodes fondella ; [ nacl ] , # 2076 ; [ nhm card ] ; hodges , 1999 , moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 160 , 332 , pl . 3 , f . 1 ; lee , hodges & brown , 2009 , zootaxa 2231 : 16

chionodes pseudofondella ; [ nacl ] , # 2110 ; [ nhm card ] ; hodges , 1999 , moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 161 , 332 , pl . 3 , f . 2 ; lee , hodges & brown , 2009 , zootaxa 2231 : 18

chionodes mariona ; [ nacl ] , # 2092 ; [ nhm card ] ; hodges , 1999 , moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 168 , 332 , pl . 3 , f . 8 ; lee , hodges & brown , 2009 , zootaxa 2231 : 17

chionodes halycopa ; [ nacl ] , # 2082 ; [ nhm card ] ; hodges , 1999 , moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 171 , 332 , pl . 2 , f . 12 ; lee , hodges & brown , 2009 , zootaxa 2231 : 16

chionodes hibiscella ; [ nacl ] , # 2084 ; [ nhm card ] ; hodges , 1999 , moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 190 , 332 , pl . 4 , f . 46 ; lee , hodges & brown , 2009 , zootaxa 2231 : 16

chionodes aristella ; [ nacl ] , # 2062 ; [ nhm card ] ; hodges , 1999 , moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 195 , 333 , pl . 4 , f . 56 ; lee , hodges & brown , 2009 , zootaxa 2231 : 15

chionodes mongolica ; [ nhm card ] ; hodges , 1999 , moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 333 ; [ me3 ] , 142 , 31 ; park & ponomarenko , 2006 , shilap revta . lepid . 34 ( 135 ) : 280 ; [ fe ]

chionodes hostis hodges , 1999 ; moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 122 , 332 , pl . 2 , f . 23 - 24 ; tl : major ' s flat near ephraim canyon , oak / pinyon junipre zone , 7100 ' , sanpete co . , utah

chionodes fuscomaculella ; [ nacl ] , # 2079 ; [ nhm card ] ; hodges , 1999 , moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 53 , 331 , pl . 1 , f . 3 - 6 ; lee , hodges & brown , 2009 , zootaxa 2231 : 16

chionodes bicostomaculella ; [ nacl ] , # 2064 ; [ nhm card ] ; hodges , 1999 , moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 54 , 331 , pl . 1 , f . 7 - 9 ; lee , hodges & brown , 2009 , zootaxa 2231 : 15

chionodes lophosella ; [ nacl ] , # 2089 ; [ nhm card ] ; hodges , 1999 , moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 67 , 331 , pl . 1 , f . 21 - 23 ; lee , hodges & brown , 2009 , zootaxa 2231 : 17

chionodes nanodella ; [ nacl ] , # 2095 ; [ nhm card ] ; hodges , 1999 , moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 68 , 331 , pl . 1 , f . 24 - 27 ; lee , hodges & brown , 2009 , zootaxa 2231 : 17

chionodes abella ; [ nacl ] , # 2055 ; [ nhm card ] ; hodges , 1999 , moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 79 , 331 , pl . 1 , f . 43 - 47 ; lee , hodges & brown , 2009 , zootaxa 2231 : 15

chionodes kincaidella ; [ nacl ] , # 2086 ; [ nhm card ] ; hodges , 1999 , moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 87 , 331 , pl . 4 , f . 6 - 9 ; lee , hodges & brown , 2009 , zootaxa 2231 : 17

chionodes pinguicula ; [ nacl ] , # 2109 ; [ nhm card ] ; hodges , 1999 , moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 90 , 331 , pl . 1 , f . 67 - 68 ; lee , hodges & brown , 2009 , zootaxa 2231 : 18

chionodes dentella ; [ nacl ] , # 2071 ; [ nhm card ] ; hodges , 1999 , moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 95 , 331 , pl . 1 , f . 74 - 75 ; lee , hodges & brown , 2009 , zootaxa 2231 : 16

chionodes abdominella ; [ nacl ] , # 2054 ; [ nhm card ] ; hodges , 1999 , moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 97 , 331 , pl . 2 , f . 2 - 3 ; lee , hodges & brown , 2009 , zootaxa 2231 : 15

chionodes dammersi ; [ nacl ] , # 2070 ; [ nhm card ] ; hodges , 1999 , moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 101 , 331 , pl . 4 , f . 14 - 15 ; lee , hodges & brown , 2009 , zootaxa 2231 : 16

chionodes notandella ; [ nacl ] , # 2098 ; [ nhm card ] ; hodges , 1999 , moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 102 , 331 , pl . 4 , f . 19 - 21 ; lee , hodges & brown , 2009 , zootaxa 2231 : 17

chionodes ochreostrigella ; [ nacl ] , # 2102 ; [ nhm card ] ; hodges , 1999 , moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 104 , 331 , pl . 2 , f . 7 - 8 ; lee , hodges & brown , 2009 , zootaxa 2231 : 18

chionodes thoraceochrella ; [ nacl ] , # 2119 ; [ nhm card ] ; hodges , 1999 , moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 117 , 331 , pl . 2 , f . 13 - 17 ; lee , hodges & brown , 2009 , zootaxa 2231 : 19

chionodes chrysopyla ; [ nacl ] , # 2068 ; [ nhm card ] ; hodges , 1999 , moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 119 , 331 , pl . 2 , f . 18 - 21 ; lee , hodges & brown , 2009 , zootaxa 2231 : 15

chionodes obscurusella ; [ nacl ] , # 2099 ; [ nhm card ] ; hodges , 1999 , moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 123 , 332 , pl . 2 , f . 27 - 30 ; lee , hodges & brown , 2009 , zootaxa 2231 : 18

chionodes occidentella ; [ nacl ] , # 2100 ; [ nhm card ] ; hodges , 1999 , moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 127 , 332 , pl . 2 , f . 35 - 37 ; lee , hodges & brown , 2009 , zootaxa 2231 : 18

chionodes trichostola ; [ nacl ] , # 2120 ; [ nhm card ] ; hodges , 1999 , moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 135 , 332 , pl . 2 , f . 47 - 49 ; lee , hodges & brown , 2009 , zootaxa 2231 : 19

chionodes acrina ; [ nacl ] , # 2058 ; [ nhm card ] ; hodges , 1999 , moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 139 , 332 , pl . 4 , f . 25 - 27 ; lee , hodges & brown , 2009 , zootaxa 2231 : 15

chionodes secutor hodges , 1999 ; moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 146 , 332 , pl . 2 , f . 55 , pl . 4 , f . 31 ; tl : davis mnts , 5 mi se livermore , 6000 ' , jeff davis co . , texas

chionodes trophella ; [ nacl ] , # 2121 ; [ nhm card ] ; hodges , 1999 , moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 147 , 332 , pl . 2 , f . 56 - 57 ; lee , hodges & brown , 2009 , zootaxa 2231 : 19

chionodes discoocellella ; [ nacl ] , # 2072 ; [ nhm card ] ; hodges , 1999 , moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 170 , 332 , pl . 3 , f . 11 - 12 ; lee , hodges & brown , 2009 , zootaxa 2231 : 16

chionodes ceanothiella ; [ nacl ] , # 2067 ; [ nhm card ] ; hodges , 1999 , moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 187 , 332 , pl . 4 , f . 41 - 42 ; lee , hodges & brown , 2009 , zootaxa 2231 : 15

chionodes aruns hodges , 1999 ; moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 189 , 332 , pl . 3 , f . 18 , pl . 4 , f . 44 ; tl : sierra diablo , 20 mi nnw van horn , 6000 ' , culberson co . , texas

chionodes retiniella ; [ nacl ] , # 2112 ; [ nhm card ] ; hodges , 1999 , moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 192 , 332 , pl . 4 , f . 48 - 49 ; lee , hodges & brown , 2009 , zootaxa 2231 : 19

chionodes arenella ; [ nacl ] , # 2060 ; [ nhm card ] ; hodges , 1999 , moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 193 , 332 , pl . 4 , f . 52 - 53 ; lee , hodges & brown , 2009 , zootaxa 2231 : 15

chionodes figurella ; [ nacl ] , # 2073 ; [ nhm card ] ; hodges , 1999 , moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 194 , 333 , pl . 4 , f . 54 - 55 ; lee , hodges & brown , 2009 , zootaxa 2231 : 16

chionodes braunella ; [ nacl ] , # 2065 ; [ nhm card ] ; hodges , 1999 , moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 225 , 333 , pl . 4 , f . 91 - 93 ; lee , hodges & brown , 2009 , zootaxa 2231 : 15

chionodes flavicorporella ; [ nacl ] , # 2074 ; [ nhm card ] ; hodges , 1999 , moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 229 , pl . 3 , f . 72 - 73 , 333 ; lee , hodges & brown , 2009 , zootaxa 2231 : 16

chionodes sattleri hodges , 1999 ; moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 218 , 333 , pl . 3 , f . 54 - 56 , pl . 4 , f . 89 ; tl : bog e of big indian lake , halifax watershed , halifax co . , nova scotia

chionodes ( gelechiini ) ; [ me3 ] , 137 , 31 ; [ sangmi lee ] ; landry & roque - albelo , 2010 , revue suisse zool . 117 ( 4 ) : 704 , 699 ( list ) ; lee , hodges & brown , 2009 , zootaxa 2231 : 15 ; [ fe ]

chionodes johnstoni ; brown , adamski , hodges & bahr , 2004 , zootaxa 510 : 76 ; hodges , 1999 , moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 81 , 331 , pl . 1 , f . 51 - 52 ; lee , hodges & brown , 2009 , zootaxa 2231 : 17

chionodes formosella ; [ nacl ] , # 2077 ( rev . stat . ) ; [ nhm card ] ; hodges , 1999 , moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 50 , 331 , pl . 1 , f . 1 ; lee , hodges & brown , 2009 , zootaxa 2231 : 16

chionodes praeclarella ; [ nhm card ] ; hodges , 1999 , moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 200 , 333 , pl . 4 , f . 64 - 67 ; [ me3 ] , 144 , 31 ; lee , hodges & brown , 2009 , zootaxa 2231 : 18 ; [ fe ]

chionodes mediofuscella ; [ nacl ] , # 2093 ; [ nhm card ] ; hodges , 1999 , moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 131 , 332 , pl . 2 , f . 43 - 45 ; [ sangmi lee & richard brown ] ; lee , hodges & brown , 2009 , zootaxa 2231 : 17

chionodes iridescens ; brown , adamski , hodges & bahr , 2004 , zootaxa 510 : 75 ; [ nacl ] , # 2085 ; [ nhm card ] ; hodges , 1999 , moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 54 , 331 , pl . 1 , f . 10 ; lee , hodges & brown , 2009 , zootaxa 2231 : 17

chionodes pereyra ; brown , adamski , hodges & bahr , 2004 , zootaxa 510 : 109 ; [ nacl ] , # 2104 ; [ nhm card ] ; hodges , 1999 , moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 163 , 332 , pl . 3 , f . 4 ; lee , hodges & brown , 2009 , zootaxa 2231 : 18

chionodes grandis ; brown , adamski , hodges & bahr , 2004 , zootaxa 510 : 64 ; [ nacl ] , # 2081 ; [ nhm card ] ; hodges , 1999 , moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 195 , 333 , pl . 3 , f . 19 ; lee , hodges & brown , 2009 , zootaxa 2231 : 16

chionodes tessa ; brown , adamski , hodges & bahr , 2004 , zootaxa 510 : 137 ; [ nacl ] , # 2118 ; [ nhm card ] ; hodges , 1999 , moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 82 , 331 , pl . 1 , f . 54 - 55 ; lee , hodges & brown , 2009 , zootaxa 2231 : 19

chionodes petalumensis ; brown , adamski , hodges & bahr , 2004 , zootaxa 510 : 111 ; [ nacl ] , # 2107 ; [ nhm card ] ; hodges , 1999 , moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 164 , 332 , pl . 4 , f . 36 - 38 ; lee , hodges & brown , 2009 , zootaxa 2231 : 18

chionodes bicolor ; brown , adamski , hodges & bahr , 2004 , zootaxa 510 : 24 ; [ nacl ] , # 2063 ; [ nhm card ] ; hodges , 1999 , moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 205 , 333 , pl . 3 , f . 29 - 30 ; lee , hodges & brown , 2009 , zootaxa 2231 : 15

chionodes whitmanella ; brown , adamski , hodges & bahr , 2004 , zootaxa 510 : 147 ; [ nacl ] , # 2124 ; [ nhm card ] ; hodges , 1999 , moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 205 , 333 , pl . 3 , f . 31 , pl . 4 , f . 77 - 78 ; lee , hodges & brown , 2009 , zootaxa 2231 : 19

chionodes viduella ; [ nacl ] , # 2123 ; [ nhm card ] ; huemer & sattler , 1995 , beitr . ent . 45 ( 1 ) : 54 ; hodges , 1999 , moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 215 , 333 , pl . 3 , f . 49 ; [ me3 ] , 32 ; lee , hodges & brown , 2009 , zootaxa 2231 : 19 ; [ fe ]

chionodes continuella ; [ nacl ] , # 2069 ; [ nhm card ] ; huemer & sattler , 1995 , beitr . ent . 45 ( 1 ) : 37 ; hodges , 1999 , moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 216 , 333 , pl . 3 , f . 52 - 53 , pl . 4 , f . 88 ; [ me3 ] , 145 , 31 ; lee , hodges & brown , 2009 , zootaxa 2231 : 16 ; [ fe ]

photographs are the copyrighted property of each photographer listed . contact individual photographers for permission to use for any purpose .

hodges , r . w . , 1999 . moths of america north of mexico , fascicle 7 . 6 , p . 150 ; pl . 2 . 61 - 63 . order

= ; hodges , 1999 , moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 15 ; [ sangmi lee ] ; lee , hodges & brown , 2009 , zootaxa 2231 : 15

formosella ; hodges , 1999 , moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 32 , 331

formosella ; hodges , 1999 , moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 50 , 331

nova scotia , sw . manitoba , north carolina , missouri . see [ maps ]

= gelechia vernella ; busck , 1903 , proc . u . s . nat . mus . 25 ( 1304 ) : 884

= ; [ nacl ] , # 2077 ; [ nhm card ] ; hodges , 1999 , moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 50 , 331 ; lee , hodges & brown , 2009 , zootaxa 2231 : 16

larva on quercus imrbricaria ? q . rubra , q . velutina , q . alba , ostrya virginiana hodges , 1999 , moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 52

california , oregon , washington , texas , oklahoma , arkansas , louisiana , mississippi , florida . see [ maps ]

larva on quercus lobata , q . kelloggii , q . garryana hodges , 1999 , moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 52

nova scotia , quebec - florida , sw . wisconsin , e . texas , e . oklahoma . see [ maps ]

= ; [ nacl ] , # 2079 ; [ nhm card ] ; hodges , 1999 , moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 53 , 331 ; lee , hodges & brown , 2009 , zootaxa 2231 : 16

larva on quercus macrocarpa , q . rubra , fagus grandifolia , carya hodges , 1999 , moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 53

= ; busck , 1903 , proc . u . s . nat . mus . 25 ( 1304 ) : 879 ; [ nacl ] , # 2064 ; [ nhm card ] ; hodges , 1999 , moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 54 , 331 ; lee , hodges & brown , 2009 , zootaxa 2231 : 15


astroscopus guttatus ( northern stargazer ) is a fish that can reach lengths of 22 inches ( 56 cm ) and are located on the eastern shores between the states of north carolina and new york in the united states .

the northern stargazer can be found up to depths of 120 feet ( 37 m ) .

stargazers have a flat forehead with a lot of body mass up front near the mouth .

astroscopus guttatus

astroscopus guttatus <EOT> known data sets that contain ( astroscopus guttatus ) . this may include sibling taxa data sources .

kari pihlaviita added the finnish common name " sähkötähystäjä " to " astroscopus guttatus abbott , 1860 " .

kari pihlaviita marked the finnish common name " taivaantähystäjä " from " astroscopus guttatus abbott , 1860 " as untrusted .

starry – eyed : the eyes of the northern stargazer are unusual and very important ; as a . guttatus is primarily a visual

this odd looking face , something out of a hollywood horror movie , belongs to a very unique marine creature - the northern stargazer ( astroscopus guttatus ) . unique to this strange looking fish are a pair of organs located behind the eyes that can produce up to 50 volts of electricity . it is believed this electrical charge is used as a means of protection as it is not powerful enough to stun a fish the northern stargazer might be predating on . read more about the northern stargazer ( astroscopus guttatus ) here .

citation : " northern stargazers , astroscopus guttatus ~ marinebio . org . " marinebio conservation society . web . accessed monday , july 9 , 2018 . < urltoken > . last update : 1 / 14 / 2013 2 : 22 : 00 pm ~ contributor ( s ) : marinebio

part of the stargazer ' s scientific name , astrocopus , means " one who aims at the stars , " and guttatus means " speckled . "

chapter 64 of the book " the first year in the life of estuarine fishes in the middle atlantic bight " is presented . the chapter offers information about the first year of the life cycle of the fish astroscopus guttatus , commonly known as northern stargazer . it is noted that the fish is considered as endemic to the middle atlantic bight .

none the less , once dinner is close , astroscopus has another amazing ocular trick . depending upon which side the prey species approaches , astroscopus will rotate the contralateral eye in a semicircle a few times to further tease the prey into thinking there is small burrowing organism there . this curiosity attracts the prey to cross the body of the fish towards the moving eye . once the prey is within range , astroscopus will lunge upward and literally suck the prey into its rather generous mouth as it creates a vacuum by opening its mouth . the electric organ has been shown to discharge simultaneously and it may have some role in confusing the prey , but does not have enough current to kill . nevertheless , the discharge does seem to be part of the capture process .

research astroscopus guttatus » barcode of life ~ bioone ~ biodiversity heritage library ~ cites ~ cornell macaulay library [ audio / video ] ~ encyclopedia of life ( eol ) ~ esa online journals ~ fishbase ~ florida museum of natural history ichthyology department ~ gbif ~ google scholar ~ itis ~ iucn redlist ( threatened status ) ~ marine species identification portal ~ ncbi ( pubmed , genbank , etc . ) ~ ocean biogeographic information system ~ plos ~ siris ~ tree of life web project ~ unep - wcmc species database ~ worms

a northern stargazer ( astroscopus guttatus ) at the blue heron bridge , phil foster state park , 11 / 13 / 2015 , a 4k video . it really does make a difference if you have a 4k monitor to view the video . these fish are capable of delivering up to 50 volts at the base of the head , so hands - off is a sensible policy . as you can see , they bury in the sand to become hidden predators . only the eyes and mouth are visible to the careful observer .

it may not be the brightest star in the ocean , but the northern stargazer is a remarkable organism ; with some very unique and interesting adaptations . the northern stargazer , astroscopus guttatus , is well adept to spending life buried in the sand , waiting to ambush its prey . it has evolved unusual and most shocking uses for its extraocular muscles . a . guttatus , is unique among teleosts , as it alone is the only marine species which has an electric organ . this species of stargazer is distributed around the western atlantic ocean , ranging from new york to north carolina , the northern stargazer is native to the bahamas . being a benthic dweller , the northern stargazer spends a lot if its life buried within the sandy surf zones and deeper sand – mud environments of inshore waters . the northern stargazer usually resides at depths of approximately 36m .

this electric organ , located behind each eye , is innervated by only the oculomotor nerve and is capable of discharging up to 50 v . in astroscopus it consists of approximately 200 layers , although electorphorus may have 30 times that . some believed that astroscopus is capable of stunning a prey species of fish with the discharge , but it does not appear to be strong enough to do that , nor does it appear to be discharged at the right time for that effect . rather , the electric organ is used for defence to frighten off a potential predator , or perhaps to direct or attract prey .

the fish will then wait quietly and watch until a small prey species approaches . it has at least one mechanism of attracting small fish if necessary . astroscopus has unique gill slits that discharge sea water that has passed over the gills . the water exits adjacent to the pectoral fin causing the sand just above the discharge to dance as if there were a small creature there . potential prey fish will come to investigate . some closely related fish have lingual lures , meaning that they have appendages extending from their tongue that resemble wriggling worms bringing prey species directly to the mouth to investigate , but astroscopus does not have such accoutrement .

a withering glance can change the dynamic of a conversation , but imagine just such a glance having the capability to frighten or stun another . astroscopus ( latin “star seer” ) can do just that . the northern stargazer lives off the east coast of north america and has evolved extraordinary and shocking uses for its extraocular muscles .

being buried up to its eyes in sand may mean that the eyes must be proptosed above the body plane in order for the fish to see , and astroscopus must be able to do this since it is entirely a visual predator . the fish has an opercular cavity behind the eye that can be filled with fluid causing proptosis , raising the eyes above the level of the sand .

still , astroscopus does often use its eyes for prey capture . as an adult , it captures smaller fish by stealth and decoy . these fish possess large , square heads and spend their lives buried up their eyes in sand . since , in the larval stage , the eyes are placed laterally on the body , the eyes must migrate towards the dorsal aspects of the head by the 50 mm stage , and by this stage , the fish has adopted a benthic , burrowing lifestyle . it is , in essence , a digger .

the easy life : a . guttatus is quite lazy , spending most of its life lying under the sand waiting for the moment to ambush its unsuspecting prey . it is well adapted to life under the seabed – with modified pectoral fins that act as shovels , allowing this fish to bury itself within seconds , which can be seen in the video . one would expect living in such an environment would mean getting sand in all sorts of places , but does this matter to the northern stargazer ? no . the eyes and nostrils of this teleost are somewhat strategically positioned on the top of the head , so that they are always above the sand surface when the rest of the body is hidden in plain sight .

once the prey item in in close proximity , the northern stargazer will start to put an end to the enticement with its an ocular tease . as the prey is approaching , a . guttatus will use its protruding eyes and move them in a semi circle to deceive the prey into thinking there is a tiny organism burrowing in that location . being curious creatures , the prey will come closer to investigate further , in doing so the organism must swim over the body of the northern stargazer towards the contralateral eyes . once the northern stargazer has its prey where it wants them , it will strike forwards and upwards , engulfing the whole of the prey ; as the opening of the mouth induces a vacuum , sucking in the prey . as one would say , curiosity killed the cat .

the electric organ of a guttatus is not as powerful as that of electrophorus but is composed of portions of four extraocular muscles including the analogue for the superior , medial , and temporal recti as well as the superior oblique . the larval stage of this animal hatches from an egg deposited on the sea floor . the electric organ begins to develop when the larva is 12–15 mm long . at this stage the outer cells of these muscles begin to change into larger cells with multiple nuclei until these cells become six times the size of the normal extraocular muscle cells . these four muscles mentioned above contribute their outer layers to form a syncytium distinct from the extraocular muscles . the electric organ , then , resembles an organ separate from and external to the muscles and is histologically different from other electric organs in other fish .

predator . the eyes are capable of protruding outwards for a short period of time . this feature allows the ambush predator to gaze over the immediate vicinity and scope for any nearby prey . the stargazer fills the opercular cavity behind each eye with fluid thus causing the eyes to proptose . breathing under water : being buried under the sand proves difficult when it comes to breathing , as the gills are covered however the northern stargazer has adapted to overcome this problem . unlike other teleost fish that use their gills to “breathe” the northern stargazer uses nostrils to do so . similar to the eyes , the nostrils are located on the top of the head so that they don’t get buried within the sand . fleshy comb – like fringes also help protect the nostrils from particles of sand from being breathed in . an intriguing date : the northern stargazer has a few tricks to entice prey to come closer before it strikes them down . one of which is using the unique gill slits to discharge water , causing the sand to mimic the action of a small critter moving . to the unaware victim , this movement of water and particles of sand will intrigue them and encourage them to go investigate further ; tricking them into thinking there is a potential for food and ushering the oblivious fish into the striking zone of a . guttatus .

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electric fish are found in at least five orders , including torpediniformes ( electrogenic rays and skates ) gymnotiformes ( electric eel and others ) , siluriformes ( electric catfish ) , osteoglossiformes ( knifefishes ) and perciformes . perciformes has but one , albeit interesting , creature to contribute to this strange ménage .

most electric fish generate their charge from electroplaxes , which are collections of modified , stacked , and flattened muscle cells with a nerve leading to one side of this complex . the muscle cells are polarised in the same direction and generate their charge through the serial stacking and summation of these cells . they function more like a capacitor than a battery . with nervous stimulus , an electric discharge of these muscles cells can be generated . some , such as the electric eel ( electorphorus ) , can generate up to 500 v , capable of stunning , if not killing most fish it contacts . such a discharge can render a human unconscious or dead .

for such a lifestyle , even the nostrils must be modified so that the fish can breathe through them while buried . the narial passages open on the dorsal surface , connect to the pharynx , and contain flaps and fimbrae to filter sand and prevent regurgitation .

thanks to david b snyder for his comments on the essay and for the photographs .

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eschmeyer , w . n . and fricke , r . ( eds ) . 2015 . catalog of fishes : genera , species , references . updated 1 october 2015 . available at : urltoken . ( accessed : 1 october 2015 ) .

cox , n . a . , santa cruz , a . & polidoro , b .

justification : this species is widely distributed and somewhat common where it occurs in coastal waters over shallow soft bottom . there are no known major threats , therefore it is assessed as least concern .

this species is distributed in the western atlantic ocean from new york south along the u . s . to southeastern florida . it does not occur in the gulf of mexico ( r . robertson pers . comm . 2014 ) .

there are 90 nominal records in fishnet2 , with up to 19 individuals in a single lot . in a survey conducted in seagrass beds in the chesapeake bay its abundance increased between the 1977 - 2011 ( sobocinski et al . 2013 ) . it was captured in 17 out of 600 trawls between 2002 - 2011 in the chesapeake bay ( buchheister et al . 2013 ) . in a surf zone beach seine survey conducted off new jersey it was somewhat commonly captured ( able et al . 2011 ) .

this demersal species occurs over soft bottoms from nearshore to 37 m depth . it conceals itself in the sediment with only the top of its head exposed and uses an electric organ to stun prey . its maximum total length is 59 cm ( robins and ray 1986 ) .

this species occurs rarely as bycatch in bottom trawls ( buchheister et al . 2013 ) . it is not utilized .

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to cite this page : myers , p . , r . espinosa , c . s . parr , t . jones , g . s . hammond , and t . a . dewey . 2018 . the animal diversity web ( online ) . accessed at https : / / animaldiversity . org .

disclaimer : the animal diversity web is an educational resource written largely by and for college students . adw doesn ' t cover all species in the world , nor does it include all the latest scientific information about organisms we describe . though we edit our accounts for accuracy , we cannot guarantee all information in those accounts . while adw staff and contributors provide references to books and websites that we believe are reputable , we cannot necessarily endorse the contents of references beyond our control .

this material is based upon work supported by the national science foundation grants drl 0089283 , drl 0628151 , due 0633095 , drl 0918590 , and due 1122742 . additional support has come from the marisla foundation , um college of literature , science , and the arts , museum of zoology , and information and technology services .

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distribution western atlantic : n . y . to n . c . [ details ]

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robins , c . r . , g . c . ray , j . douglass and r . freund . 1986 . a field guide to atlantic coast fishes of north america . houghton mifflin co . boston . 354 p . [ details ]

froese , r . & d . pauly ( editors ) . ( 2018 ) . fishbase . world wide web electronic publication . , available online at urltoken [ details ]

the northern stargazer has a dark , flattened body with white spots that gradually get bigger from the head tot the tail . ( david snyder / fishwise )

the stargazer ' s mouth and eyes are located on the top of its large head , facing upward . ( image courtesy canvasman21 / wikimedia )

northern stargazers can deliver an electric charge that stuns and confuses prey and helps ward off predators . ( image by peter leahy / shutterstock )

found mostly in the lower chesapeake bay , but sometimes travels to the upper bay in autumn . ranges along the atlantic coast between new york and north carolina .

the northern stargazer is a strange - looking fish with a speckled , flattened body and a large head . it lives at the bottom of the lower chesapeake bay’s deep , open waters .

the northern stargazer has a blackish - brown body with white spots that gradually get bigger from its head to its tail . it ' s flattened body can grow to 22 inches in length , but it averages 8 to 18 inches in length . its mouth and eyes are located on the top of its large head , facing upward . three dark , horizontal lines appear on its tail .

northern stargazers eat small fish , crabs and other crustaceans . they hunt by burying themselves in the sand with their eyes and mouth sticking out just enough to search for prey . once something tasty swims by , the stargazer uses its large mouth to create a vacuum to suck its prey in .

spawning occurs in may to june . females lay small , transparent eggs on the bottom of the bay . eggs eventually float to the surface and hatch . larvae grow rapidly , feeding from a yolk sac until it is completely absorbed . once they grow to about 12 to 15 millimeters long , larvae swim to the bottom of the bay , where they mature into adults . at this time their electric organ also begins to form .

the stargazer uses its side fins as shovels to quickly burrow below the sand in a matter of seconds .

northern stargazers have an organ on their heads that can deliver an electric charge that stuns and confuses prey and helps ward off predators .

fishes of chesapeake bay by edward o . murdy , ray s . birdsong and john a . musick

the chesapeake bay program is a unique regional partnership that has led and directed the restoration of the chesapeake bay since 1983 .

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" for all at last returns to the sea — to oceanus , the ocean river , like the everflowing stream of time , the beginning and the end . " - rachel carson

in the upper map above , the red dots indicate locations of quantitative data ( ~ 0 obs globally ) , while gray dots indicate locations of " presence / absence " ( non - quantitative ) observation data . blue stars show locations of any time series reporting this taxa or group ( ~ 0 sites globally ) . in the lower map , the blue - shaded regions represent temperature - salinity realms that match the conditions where the taxa were observed . the dark - to - light shading indicates " theoretical niches " corresponding to temperature - salinity ranges that were associated with 75 % / 90 % / 95 % / 99 % of the original taxa observations .

stargazers bury into the sand with shovel like pectoral fins . they can look straight up waiting for prey to swim by and breathe through nostrils on their head . they have an organ just above the eyes that can produce an electrical charge for defense against predators . not a good idea to touch them there by any means . they have a blackish brown body covered with white spots that increase gradually in size towards the rear of the body . the white spots are widely spaced on top of the head and body . there are . . .

© 2018 - delaware - surf - fishing . com . all rights reserved .

greek , astra = ray + greek , skopeo = to look , to watch ( ref . 45335 )

marine ; demersal ; depth range ? - 36 m ( ref . 55313 ) . temperate , preferred ? ; 42°n - 31°n , 80°w - 71°w ( ref . 55313 )

maturity : l m ? range ? - ? cm max length : 59 . 0 cm tl male / unsexed ; ( ref . 40637 ) ; max . published weight : 9 . 1 kg ( ref . 7251 )

cleithral spine with venom gland ( ref . 57406 ) . found inshore , at depths to 36 m ( ref . 55313 ) .

robins , c . r . and g . c . ray , 1986 . a field guide to atlantic coast fishes of north america . houghton mifflin company , boston , u . s . a . 354 p . ( ref . 7251 )

marine ; demersal ; depth range ? - 36 m ( ref . 55313 ) . temperate ; 42°n - 31°n , 80°w - 71°w ( ref . 55313 )

phylogenetic diversity index ( ref . 82805 ) : pd 50 = 0 . 5625 [ uniqueness , from 0 . 5 = low to 2 . 0 = high ] .

trophic level ( ref . 69278 ) : 4 . 5 ±0 . 80 se ; based on food items .

resilience ( ref . 69278 ) : medium , minimum population doubling time 1 . 4 - 4 . 4 years ( preliminary k or fecundity . ) .

vulnerability ( ref . 59153 ) : moderate to high vulnerability ( 52 of 100 ) .

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able , kenneth w . ; fahay , michael p . / / first year in the life of estuarine fishes in the middle atlanti ; 1998 , p200

chapter 60 of the book " the first year in the life of estuarine fishes in the middle atlantic bight " is presented . the chapter offers information about the first year of the life cycle of the fish sphyraena borealis , commonly known as northern sennet . it is noted that the fish is usually found . . .

able , kenneth w . ; fahay , michael p . / / first year in the life of estuarine fishes in the middle atlanti ; 1998 , p166

chapter 50 of the book " the first year in the life of estuarine fishes in the middle atlantic bight " is presented . the chapter offers information about the fish stenotomus chrysops , commonly known as scup . it is noted that the fish is found usually in large and deep estuaries such as delaware . . .

able , kenneth w . ; fahay , michael p . / / first year in the life of estuarine fishes in the middle atlanti ; 1998 , p185

chapter 55 of the book " the first year in the life of estuarine fishes in the middle atlantic bight " is presented . the chapter offers information about the first year of the life cycle of the fish micropogonias undulatus , commonly known as atlantic croaker . it is noted that the bottom - feeding . . .

able , kenneth w . ; fahay , michael p . / / first year in the life of estuarine fishes in the middle atlanti ; 1998 , p191

chapter 57 of the book " the first year in the life of estuarine fishes in the middle atlantic bight " is presented . the chapter offers information about the first year of the life cycle of the fish chaetodon ocellatus , commonly known as spotfin butterflyfish . it is noted that the fish is found . . .

able , kenneth w . ; fahay , michael p . / / first year in the life of estuarine fishes in the middle atlanti ; 1998 , p197

chapter 59 of the book " the first year in the life of estuarine fishes in the middle atlantic bight " is presented . the chapter offers information about the first year of the life cycle of the fish mugil curema , commonly known as white mullet . it is noted that the fish is found in estuaries in . . .

able , kenneth w . ; fahay , michael p . / / first year in the life of estuarine fishes in the middle atlanti ; 1998 , p206

chapter 62 of the book " the first year in the life of estuarine fishes in the middle atlantic bight " is presented . the chapter offers information about the first year of the life cycle of the fish tautogolabrus adspersus , commonly known as cunner . it is noted that the fish is usually found . . .

able , kenneth w . ; fahay , michael p . / / first year in the life of estuarine fishes in the middle atlanti ; 1998 , p210

chapter 63 of the book " the first year in the life of estuarine fishes in the middle atlantic bight " is presented . the chapter offers information about the first year of the life cycle of the fish pholis gunnellus , commonly known as rock gunnel . it is noted that the fish is usually found in the . . .

able , kenneth w . ; fahay , michael p . / / first year in the life of estuarine fishes in the middle atlanti ; 1998 , p128

chapter 38 from the book " the first year in the life of estuarine fishes in the middle atlantic bight , " is presented . it focuses on hippocampus erectus or lined seahorse . the fish is commonly found in estuaries and the inner continental shelf from nova scotia to uruguay . it describes the . . .

able , kenneth w . ; fahay , michael p . / / first year in the life of estuarine fishes in the middle atlanti ; 1998 , p27

chapter 4 of the book " the first year in the life of estuarine fishes in the middle atlantic bight , " is presented . it focuses on the characteristics of the ichthyofauna of the middle atlantic bight . information is provided on the migration of estuarine fauna . it describes the patterns of . . .

terekeme ( karapapak ) tã¼rkleri ve mã¢nileri ( bayatä±larä± / mahnä±larä± ) : mus - bulanä±k ã‡evresi .

from " miss lou " to [ star trek ' s ] zulu : the multiple communities of nalo hopkirisonh .

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the name may be romantic , but the appearance of the northern stargazer doesn’t quite live up to standards .

all in all , it is safe to say that the act of deception and teasing is the chosen tactic of the northern stargazer . romance however , not so much , so one shouldn’t be fooled by its name .

extreme marine habitats is a site dedicated to those habitats that are simply extreme ! written by students , we aim to provide detailed and insightful information on a variety of marine science subjects .

is it land or is it sea ? salt marshes the border between two worlds .

9 . marine neritic - > 9 . 4 . marine neritic - subtidal sandy suitability : suitable season : resident major importance : yes 9 . marine neritic - > 9 . 5 . marine neritic - subtidal sandy - mud suitability : suitable season : resident major importance : yes 9 . marine neritic - > 9 . 6 . marine neritic - subtidal muddy suitability : suitable season : resident major importance : yes

able , k . w . , grothues , t . m . , rowe , p . m . , wuenschel , m . j . , & vasslides , j . m . 2011 . near - surface larval and juvenile fish in coastal habitats : comparisons between the inner shelf and an estuary in the new york bight during summer and fall . estuaries and coasts 34 ( 4 ) : 726 - 738 .

buchheister , a . , bonzek , c . f . , gartland , j . , & latour , r . j . 2013 . patterns and drivers of the demersal fish community of chesapeake bay . marine ecology progress series 481 : 161 - 180 .

carpenter , k . e . 2002 . uranoscopidae : stargazers . in : carpenter , k . e . ( ed . ) , the living marine resources of the western central atlantic , pp . 1746 - 1747 . food and agricultural organization , rome .

iucn . 2015 . the iucn red list of threatened species . version 2015 - 4 . available at : urltoken . ( accessed : 19 november 2015 ) .

robins , c . r . and ray , g . c . 1986 . a field guide to atlantic coast fishes of north america . houghton mifflin company , boston , u . s . a .

sobocinski , k . l . , orth , r . j . , fabrizio , m . c . , & latour , r . j . 2013 . historical comparison of fish community structure in lower chesapeake bay seagrass habitats . estuaries and coasts 36 ( 4 ) : 775 - 794 .

eschmeyer , w . n . ; fricke , r . ; van der laan , r . ( eds ) . ( 2017 ) . catalog of fishes : genera , species , references . electronic version . , available online at urltoken [ details ]