ichnotropis grandiceps is a species of african lizards in the family lacertidae .

they are commonly called caprivi rough-scaled lizards as they are largely found in southwestern africa on the border of the caprivi strip .

the cape rough-scaled lizards are terrestrial and found in the range of open woodland and mesic savanna .

the caprivi rough-scaled lizards are medium in size and distributed in parts of namibia and botswana .

this species is on the international union for conservation of nature 's red list for endangered species as they are rare and has not been seen or collected since 1998 .

data about the population or specimens collected are needed for the iucn to obtain more information about the unknown threats that may be impacting them .

ichnotropis grandiceps

ichnotropis grandiceps <EOT> ichnotropis grandiceps broadley 1967 ichnotropis grandiceps — auerbach 1987 : 132 ichnotropis grandiceps — edwards et al . 2013

justification : ichnotropis grandiceps is a rare species and it is unknown whether threats are impacting it . therefore an assessment of data deficient has been made . further research should be carried out before a more accurate assessment of its conservation status can be made .

broadley , d . g . 1967 . a new species of ichnotropis ( sauria : lacertidae ) from the botswana - caprivi border . arnoldia 3 ( 24 ) : 1 - 5

bischoff , w . 1991 . übersicht der arten und unterarten der familie lacertidae 2 . die gattungen eremias , gallotia , gastropholis , heliobolus , holaspis und ichnotropis . die eidechse 2 ( 2 ) : 14 - 21 - get paper here

berg , m . p . van den 2017 . an annotated bibliographic history of ichnotropis peters , 1854 ( reptilia , lacertidae ) with remarks on the validity of some of the including species . l @ certidae ( eidechsen online ) , 2017 [ 4 ] : 60 - 138 . - get paper here

the number of species increased from 10 , 711 to 10 , 793 , i . e . an increase of 82 species . 66 new species have been described , 9 species have been revalidated from synonymy and 16 subspecies were elevated to full species . . .

over the past 4 months , the number of species increased from 10 , 639 to 10 , 711 .

the number of species has grown from 10 , 544 in the may release to now 10 , 639 ( + 95 species ) .

overall , 212 new taxa have been added or changed their status or name .

the reptile database is a taxonomic database that provides basic information about all living reptile species , such as turtles , snakes , lizards , and crocodiles , as well as tuataras and amphisbaenians , but does not include dinosaurs .

currently there are more than 10 , 000 species and an additional 2 , 700 subspecies . this is making reptiles the largest vertebrate group after fish ( ~ 25 , 000 species ) and birds ( ~ 10 , 000 species ) , and significantly larger than mammals ( ~ 5 , 000 species ) or amphibians ( ~ 6 , 000 species ) .

the reptile database provides taxonomic information for the catalogue of life and the encyclopedia of life . our taxonomic information has also been used by genbank and many other resources and is the only comprehensive reptile database on the web .

the reptile database can be used to find all species within a certain geographic area ( e . g . all snakes of egypt ) . its collection of more than 2 , 500 images allow users to identify a species or at least get an idea how the species or genus may look like . more than 30 , 000 references provide a guide to further information .

this database is maintained by peter uetz ( database content ) and jakob hallermann , zoological museum hamburg ( new species and updates ) .

type locality : 25 miles west of mohembo , botswana , on the border of the caprivi strip ( south west africa ) .

note : tdwg regions are generated automatically from the text in the distribution field and not in every cases it works well . we are working on it .

holotype : usnm 163989 , an adult male . paratypes : um 16278 ( male ) and usnm 163990 ( juvenile ) . ( um = umtali museum , rhodesia ) . besides the type and paratypes , only 4 other specimens are known , collected by w . d . haacke and residing in the transvaal museum : tm 30822 , tm 38309 , tm 38310 and tm 38404 .

alexander , g & marais , j . 2007 . a guide to the reptiles of southern africa . struik publishers , 408 pp . [ book review in elaphe 16 ( 3 ) : 18 ]

auerbach , r . d . 1987 . the amphibians and reptiles of botswana . mokwepa consultants , botswana , 295 pp .

auerbach , ronald daniel 1986 . first steps in setswana herpetology . botswana notes and records ( gaborone ) , 18 : 71 - 90 .

branch , w . r . 1998 . field guide to the snakes and other reptiles of southern africa . 3rd ed . fully revised and updated to include 83 new species . ralph curtis books ( sanibel island , florida ) , 399 pp .

branch , w . r . , baard , e . h . w . , haacke , w . d . , jacobsen , n . , poynton , j . c . , & broadley , d . g . , eds . 1988 . a provisional and annotated checklist of the herpetofauna of southern africa . j . herp . assoc . africa 34 : 1 - 19 . - get paper here

branch , william r . 1993 . a photographic guide to snakes and other reptiles of southern africa . cape town : struik publishers , 144 s .

branch , w . r . 1988 . field guide to the snakes and other reptiles of southern africa . struik publishers , cape town , 328 pp .

broadley , d . g . 2004 . herpetofauna of the four corners area . - in : r . & childes , s . l . ( eds . ) 2004 . biodiversity of the four corners area : technical reviews volume two ( chapters 5 - 15 ) . timberlake , j . occasional publications in biodiversity no 15 , biodiversity foundation for africa , bulawayo / zambezi society , harare , zimbabwe : 313 - 346

conradie w , bills r , and branch wr . 2016 . the herpetofauna of the cubango , cuito , and lower cuando river catchments of south - eastern angola . amphibian & reptile conservation 10 ( 2 ) [ special section ] : 6–36 - get paper here

conradie , w . 2012 . herpetofauna of the cubango - okovango river catchment . a report on a rapid biodiversity survey conducted in may 2012 . port elizabeth museum ( bayworld ) . 17 pp

edwards , shelley ; william r . branch , bieke vanhooydonck , anthony herrel , g . john measey , krystal a . tolley 2013 . taxonomic adjustments in the systematics of the southern african lacertid lizards ( sauria : lacertidae ) . zootaxa 3669 ( 2 ) : 101–114 - get paper here

griffin , m . 2003 . annotated checklist and provisional national conservation status of namibian reptiles . namibia scientific society , windhoek . [ 2 ] + 169 pp .

haacke , w . d . 1970 . new herpetological records from south west africa . ann . transvaal mus . 26 ( 12 ) : 277 - 283 - get paper here

herrmann , h . - w . ; w . r . branch 2013 . fifty years of herpetological research in the namib desert and namibia with an updated and annotated species checklist . journal of arid environments 93 : 94–115 - get paper here

kirchhof , s . ; engleder , a . ; mayer , w . & richter , k . 2011 . die radiation der lacertiden des südlichen afrikas . elaphe 19 ( 4 ) : 6 - 11

lewin , amir ; anat feldman , aaron m . bauer , jonathan belmaker , donald g . broadley , laurent chirio , yuval itescu , matthew lebreton , erez maza , danny meirte , zoltán t . nagy , maria novosolov , uri roll , oliver tallowin , jean - françois trape , enav vidan and 2016 . patterns of species richness , endemism and environmental gradients of african reptiles . journal of biogeography , doi : 10 . 1111 / jbi . 12848 - get paper here

mayer , w ; berger - dell ' mour - h 1988 . proteinelektrophoretische untersuchungen zur systematik der gattungen aporosaura , meroles , pedioplanis und heliobolus ( sauria : lacertidae ) aus südwest - afrika . herpetozoa 1 ( 1 - 2 ) : 23 - 29 - get paper here

mertens , r . 1971 . die herpetofauna südwest - afrikas . senck . naturf . gesell . , frankfurt am main , abhandl . 529 : 110 pp .

pietersen dw , pietersen ew , conradie w . 2017 . preliminary herpetological survey of ngonye falls and surrounding regions in south - western zambia . amphibian & reptile conservation 11 ( 1 ) [ special section ] : 24–43 ( e148 - get paper here

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thank you for taking the time to provide feedback on the iucn red list of threatened species website , we are grateful for your input .

de silva , r . , milligan , h . t . , wearn , o . r . , wren , s . , zamin , t . , sears , j . , wilson , p . , lewis , s . , lintott , p . & powney , g .

this species is found in the caprivi strip and adjacent botswana and northeast namibia .

this species is rare . searches have been carried out for this species , but it has not been collected in recent years ( branch 1998 ) .

this species was listed as secure in namibia conservation status report ( griffin 1999 ) but further research is needed into the population numbers and possible threats of this species .

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this page was last edited on 16 may 2017 , at 00 : 39 .

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lizards are reptiles closely related to snakes . like snakes some of them are legless whilst others resemble snakes but have legs . the larger lizards take on a ' crocodile ' appearance , but overall they come in all shapes , sizes and colours which helps their defensive capabilities .

as lizards do not have the built - in temperature controls of most other animals , they tend to live in areas where the ground doesn ' t freeze and in cold winters lizards hibernate . they are the most common of reptiles in deserts , such as the namib desert , and other dry regions such as the kalahari desert . if the desert temperature does becomes too hot for lizards , they will seek shade or go under the sand to escape the hot sunshine . other areas of special interest to enjoy lizards are the auas mountains in central namibia and the etosha pan .

lizards are cunning creatures and as with snakes can defend themselves in a variety of ways . like snakes , lizards bluff or play tricks such as swelling up , lashing the tail and hissing . african chameleons are famous for changing colour and other lizards have the same gift . although it is widely believed chameleons change colour to camouflage themselves from enemies , they also can turn a darker colour to absorb more heat from the sun ' s rays .

unlike snakes , some lizards can eat plants although insects and small animals feature regularly on the menu . reproduction is by depositing eggs in nests whilst others are hatched inside the females . lizards are measured from the tip of the snout to the vent on the body , directly behind the rear limbs , annotated as svl ( snout vent length ) .

agamas belong to the family agaidae and are small to large lizards with either a flattened or a cylindrical shaped body . they have large heads , well - developed limbs with a narrowing long tail that cannot be shed or regenerated . agamas are active during the day and mainly terrestrial , although some species are specific to living in trees or amongst rocks . some species feed on ants , whilst others are predominately herbivores . they are known to form social groups with territorial patterns that are well - developed and displays include the males showing off brightly - coloured crests , frills or throat fans common . agamas are closely related to chameleons and there are only 2 subfamilies in southern africa . they are :

the bushveld lizard ( heliobolis lugubris ) is closely related to sand and desert lizards .

there is only 1 species of festive gecko in namibia . it is a very small gecko with long , slender , clawed toes that do not have ' sticky ' scansors .

girdled lizards belong to the family cordylidae and are so called because of their body scale arrangement hence the name . the scales on the tail are set in regular rings and are spiny and the tail can be shed and regenerated , although slowly and not the original condition . they have a short tongue covered with long papillae . the head of a girdled lizard is triangular and flattened on the top and covered with large shield that are fused to the skull .

they are mainly a rock dwelling although some species do live in trees or on the ground . rock living species are protected from the abrasiveness of moving between rock surfaces by their rough scales . this is also a safety advantage when escaping from predators along with the ability to sneak into rock crevices and inflating the body and shortening and thickening the skull , possible due to the unusual head hinged structure .

a wide variety of large vertebrates are eaten by girdled lizards , whilst some of the larger members of the species add plants and small vertebrates to their menu . females give birth to between 1 to 6 young each year when males become territorial during the breeding season . there are 6 species of girdled lizards found in namibia and 3 of them are endemic to the country . they are :

monitors belong the family varanidae and are the largest of the lizards . they are not poisonous and all living monitors are similar in appearance , with well - developed limbs and strong claws . the tail cannot be shed or regenerated as with other species of lizard . smaller species eat insects whilst larger monitors will take anything it can overpower . prey might be torn to shred by their claws or even consumed whole . little is known of their breeding habits as they are shy creatures with sightings and observations of their mating habits and egg - laying uncommon . females lay large , soft - shelled eggs in termite nests or holes . as the skins are an attractive item for hunters and poachers to pass on to the fashion industry , all varinids are a protected species in southern africa .

plated lizards belong to the family gerrhosauridae and have strong legs and longish tails . members of the species that live in grasslands can take on a snake - like appearance as their limbs are somewhat reduced . the head has large , symmetrical head shields and the body is covered with rectangular plates that overlap ( hence the name ) .

they are diurnal , oviparous lizards and although they are terrestrial , some species will find their way into rock crevices . there are 3 subfamilies of plated lizards in namibia . they are :

a small genus that to a lizard run around on the ground on sandy soil in savannah . females lay eggs and die soon after the first egg is laid . rough - scaled lizards of namibia are :

sand lizards are a group with cylindrical bodies and long tails . they are diurnal and terrestrial in nature , often seen dashing between clumps of sparse vegetation . these lizards lay small clutches of soft - shelled eggs with 5 species endemic to namibia . sand lizards of namibia are :

sandveld lizards have rounded snouts , a cylindrical body and a longer than usual tail . they are fairly common creatures in their distribution range , but are rarely seen because of their secretive nature , even though they are terrestrial lacertids . they forage early morning and late afternoon / early evening , which is the best time to try and catch a glimpse of them tucking into flying termites .

some species feed on scorpions . unlike other lizards who lie in wait to ambush their prey , sandveld lizards will go out to hunt for their food . predators include birds of prey and snakes . some species having brightly coloured tails to fend offer attackers , which protects the more vulnerable areas of head and body .

identification of many species of lizards are done by scale count , but colouration and distribution can also be reliably used in determining different species . sandveld lizards in namibia are :

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namibia is diverse and spectacular , desolate and unforgiving . for many the excitement of game viewing will revolve around larger mammals , rare and exotic birds or a beautiful array of fascination sea creatures . there is one other class of animal that earns its wildlife stripes the country over ; often feared , much admired but usually avoided - it is none other than the world of reptiles .

a reptile is an animal that has dry , scaly skin and breathe through lungs . they are classed as a vertibrates ( animals that have a backbone ) .

habitats play an incredibly important role in the life and survival of reptiles . namibia has 5 different categories of vegetation types : desert , nama karoo , succulent karoo shrubland , arid savannah and moist savannah . each biome experiences mainly a temperate climate , contrasting wildly in seasonal rainfall and temperature . in turn , these meteorological boundaries affect who lives where and for how long , including every reptile , large or small .

as reptiles are cold blooded they obtain their heat externally ( as opposed to internally as with humans and birds ) usually from the sun , by basking . they can then absorb the warmth from the environment and commute between sun and shade to maintain a constant and favoured temperature . burrowing species take advantage of hot surface layers of soil or rocks warmed by the heat of the sun to gain heat .

most reptiles reproduce sexually , mating during the spring . the young are born in summer . all turtles , crocodiles , as well as some as some snakes and lizards are oviparous - females that lay eggs that have shells . only a few species of reptiles provide care for their eggs or young although amongst pythons and some skinks , the female wraps her body around the eggs to assist in the incubation period .

there are more species of reptile than mammal in namibia . reptiles species number 256 ( with 112 species within etosha national park and 95 in namib - naukluft park ) as opposed to 186 land and sea mammals . snake species number 92 . pythons attract an enormous amount of fascination and as they are attracted to water they will lurk in the reeds of waterholes waiting for an opportunity for a meal . cobras , puff adders and the black mamba add to the reptilian mystique and are regularly seen crossing roads or at waterholes . the dry river beds of the namib desert are host to the occasional chameleon as well as the black - necked spitting cobra .

without doubt the reptile of all reptiles has to be the crocodile . reaching a maximum of length of nearly 6m and weighing up to 1 , 000kg , this species will take large game including man . best to hop on a boat cruise along the chobe river , a mokoro trip in the okavango delta or from the safety of a 4 x 4 self - drive tour along the riverbanks of the zambezi or chobe rivers to get the best views !

frogs are the oldest known amphibians . they inhabited the earth over 200 million years ago and thousands of species of frogs and toads have developed from their ancestors . these small , tailless animals have characteristic bulging eyes and strong hind legs that enable them to leap distances far greater then the total length of their bodies . they are highly adaptable to any environment and can be found all over namibia ; in lowveld or highveld , the namib desert , forests , mountains and in coastal regions .

some species spend their entire life in or near water , others spend part of their life as a water animal and part as a land animal , whilst others live mainly on land and find water to mate . certain species of frogs can climb and dwell in trees ( they have sticky pads on ends of fingers and toes ) and others are burrowers that live underground .

frogs are namibia ' s only amphibians . they do not drink water though . around 51 species are thought to occur in the country . some 16 species have been recorded in etosha national park . they spend most of the year underground in etosha in dried mud , waiting for the next rainy season . none of them are truly aquatic as they do not depend on water throughout the year . all species avoid the pan as it is too salty .

the giant african bullfrog is the most commonly observed , but only in periods of brief rain to breed . once they are above the surface the race is on to consume enough food to sustain them through the dry winter months . frogs are cannibals though and can swallow any animal it can fit into their mouths . other species found in etosha include the bushveld rain frog , ornate frog and namibia ' s rarest , the spotted rubber frog .

amongst the leopard and mountain zebra tracks of the naukluft mountains , amphibians are common . river frogs abound amongst the fountains and pools of crystal - clear water . large tadpoles are more easily observed than adults and the sound of marbled rubber frog precedes their appearance . common platanna reside in remaining naukluft pools or in the ephemeral tsondab river . widely distributed and close to the dunes is the tremelo sand frog .

the desert rain frog is an inhabitant of the sperrgebiet , one of namibia ' s true surviving wilderness areas . those fortunate to have lived and worked there can appreciate this vast stretch of the namib desert . banned for public access due to diamond mining restrictions , the rather unusually attractive desert rain frog can emerge form their underground hide - outs for short winter periods when the winds have died . they enjoy cooler temperatures and take advantage of the seasonal moisture .

almost all frogs have the same body structure less for variable size and colour differences . females are invariably larger than males . front legs are short , hind legs are large and the body and head are flat and bereft of a neck . the tongue is attached to the front of the mouth , a feature that allows them to flick it out quickly to capture prey . they have internal organs such as a heart , liver , lungs and kidneys and although frogs breathe by lungs , they also breath through their skin .

the skin is thin and moist and many species have poison glands in their skin which irritates an attackers mouth , causing the predator to release the frog . there is only 1 species of frog that has hair ( the african hairy - frog , what else ? ) and some species can change colour with changes in temperature , light and humidity .

with such large eyes , you would expect frogs to have good eyesight . their eyes bulge out enabling them to see in almost any direction to capture food and stay safe . frogs that hunt at night have a better sense smell than those that don ' t and they have a delicate sense of touch , particularly when in water . tongues and mouths have numerous taste buds enabling them to spit out bad - tasting food .

species such as the painted reed frog are very beautiful . unfortunately frogs have been branded as cold and slimy , ugly and repulsive but a different opinion can be formed if they are handled and studied a bit . there are no poisonous or dangerous frogs in the country and you won ' t catch warts from picking up a toad either !

frogs are difficult to recognize . they make distinctive sounds , as do birds , calling out to females in the mating season in a louder voice than that of a female . to find a frog it is best to go out at night ( or in the rain ) with a torch . this is not advisable if you in the okavango delta when other potentially dangerous nocturnal creatures are around doing the same thing ( less the torch ) but many species are likely to occur in the vicinity of lodges and camps . so after your traditional early morning or late afternoon game drive in etosha national park or naukluft national park , it might be possible to go on an accompanied night ' frogging safari ' .

there are 3 stages in the life of a frog . egg , tadpole and a 4 - limbed adult . most frogs mate in the rainy season in water . the male will enter first , probably as a sign of bravado , to attract some mates . females will only respond to calls from the same species and they are grasped by the males as soon as they enter the water before clinging to her back . the male then fertilizes the eggs in this position and they will hatch between 3 to 25 days afterwards , depending on species and temperature . a tiny tailed animal , known as a tadpole hatches from the egg .

the tadpole is not completely developed when they hatch . they resemble tiny fish and breath through gills . their form changes as they grow . hind legs appear first , enabling them to swim and feed on plants and decaying animal matter , frog eggs or other tadpoles . once the digestive system has changed they can eat live animals . the tadpole will then lose its gills and its metamorphosis ( change ) takes place into a tiny frog . most tadpoles change into adults within 8 to 10 weeks . enemies of tadpoles include platannas , water tortoises , fish , dragonfly larvae , water beetles , water bugs and water scorpions . adult frogs eat mainly insects and other small insects such as earthworms , minnows and spiders .

frog or a toad ? toads are one of the frog families . it is deemed incorrect to separate the two . one is an order ( frogs ) , the other is a family within that order ( toads ) .

the body of a toad is broader , flatter and darker than a frog ' s .

most toads live in land . adult toads go to water only to breed .

frogs benefit humans in many ways . the consume large numbers of insects , which could become pests . their legs provide us with food , the legs of larger frogs are considered a delicacy in many countries . there are 12 families of frogs found in namibia

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diurnea lipsiella is a moth of the subfamily chimabachinae .

it is found in europe .

the wingspan is 17 – 23 mm .

the moth flies in one generation from october to december depending on the location .

the larvae feed on various deciduous trees and shrubs , such as rubus , apple , prunus , vaccinium and oak .

diurnea lipsiella

diurnea lipsiella <EOT> kari pihlaviita added the finnish common name " syystynkäkoi " to " diurnea lipsiella " .

diurnea lipsiella ( november tubic ) - norfolk micro moths - the micro moths of norfolk .

the wingspan of diurnea lipsiella is up to 23 mm for the male and 17 mm for the female .

diurnea lipsiella is an overall buff colour with no particularly distinguishing colours or markings . the wings of the females are smaller and less developed than those of the males .

enter the name or part of a name you wish to search for . the asterisk character * can be used as wildcard . e . g . ' papilio * ' . keep in mind that the search is only based on the full taxon name .

we are still having problems with the search feature . unfortunately we cannot give a timeline when the advanced search will be fixed .

the id resolving service for stable taxon ids is currently under maintenance . meanwhile , please use the name search in order to find the taxon page .

museum für naturkunde leibniz - institut für evolutions - und biodiversitätsforschung invalidenstr . 43 10115 berlin germany e - mail : fauna - eu ( at ) mfn - berlin . de website : urltoken

wingspan c . 23 mm ( male ) ; c . 17 mm ( female ) .

, this species is locally but widely distributed over much of the british isles .

the adult moths are at large in october and november , when the males can be attracted to light .

ukmoths is built , run and maintained by ian kimber , with thanks to the many kind contributors who provide photos and information .

the ukmoths facebook page is a great place to post your identification queries . more often than not you ' ll get a positive id on most photos fairly quickly .

looking for a specific moth species ? enter just part of the name below .

procache : v317 render date : 2018 - 07 - 08 05 : 27 : 03 page render time : 0 . 2762s total w / procache : 0 . 3276s

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females much smaller , similar to d . fagella , and have under - developed wings .

males fly at night and often for several hours in the afternoon on warm windless days .

recorded in 17 ( 25 % ) of 69 10k squares . first recorded in 1874 . last recorded in 2017 .

underlying maps using digital map data © norfolk online lepidoptera archive - nola™ 2018 . © james wheeler - n o r f o l k m o t h s 2007 - 2018 . data © nola™ 2018

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wingspan about 23 mm ( male ) and 17 mm ( female ) . in common with d . fagella , the females have under - developed wings ( brachypterous ) .

oak ( quercus ) and bilberry ( vaccinium myrtillus ) are the preferred larval foodplants in this country .

locally but widely distributed over much of the british isles . in the butterfly conservation ' s microlepidoptera report 2011 this species was classified as local .

it appears to be uncommon in leicestershire and rutland , where there are few records . l & r moth group status = d ( rare or rarely recorded ) .

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notes : local in oak woodland throughout much of the british isles , but not in the highlands or islands of scotland . in hampshire occurs in similar habitat to that of d . fagella , however it is far less common and seems to have decreased in recent years . not recorded from the isle of wight since 1929 . wingspan male 22 - 25 mm , female 15 - 18 mm . males fly at night and also for several hours from midday to early afternoon on warm windless days ; small swarms of males have been seen occasionally at such times , fluttering amongst low plants on the woodland floor while assembling to the barely flightless females ( mbgbi vol 4 part 1 ) . larva feeds on oak , living between leaves spun together with silk , over - wintering as an egg .

blå punkter visar fynd registrerade i artportalen och övriga databaser anslutna till lifewatch . kan innehålla observationer som inte är validerade . kartan uppdateras var fjärde vecka .

i det avancerade verktyget kan man söka ut och få fram artlistor , t ex arter i ett visst län , i en viss biotop , substrat , som påverkas av en hotfaktor , eller som är knutna till en sk värdart , t ex trädet alm . dessa kan även kombineras .

söka fram arter som är rödlistade , knutna till alm , är beroende av död ved och som finns i kronobergs län .

söka fram arter som är rödlistade , lever i småvatten och som påverkas negativt av igenväxning .

defaultläget i verktyget är arter som är rödlistade 2015 och dessa är klassade på samtliga sökfaktorer . under fliken rödlistekategori kan man dock välja att även inkludera arter som inte är rödlistade . om man väljer att inkludera icke rödlistade arter behöver man vara medveten om att samtliga arter inte är klassade på samtliga faktorer . nedan en sammanställning av vad som är komplett .

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for the county , we have a total of 32 records from 27 sites . first recorded in 1859 .

: although quite widespread this moth has seldom been recorded in recent years , probably as a consequence of its late flight period .

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a widespread but local species throughout belgium , probably overlooked because of the late flight period .

the larva lives in a folded or rolled leaf on quercus . it has also been observed on vaccinium myrtillus . pupation amongst leaf - litter on the ground .

the adults fly in october and november . the males are active during the day in open woodland and later on comes to light .

belgium , namur , lavaux ste . - anne , 01 november 2007 . ( photo © chris steeman )

the adult moths are nocturnal and are on the wing during october and november .

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the palawan treeshrew ( tupaia palawanensis ) is a treeshrew species endemic to the palawan island , philippines , where it occurs from sea level to an elevation of 1,400 m ( 4,600 ft ) .

the population is considered steady .

formerly , it was considered a subspecies of the common treeshrew .

palawan treeshrew

palawan treeshrew <EOT> palawan treeshrew by lambert m . surhone , mariam t . tennoe , susan f . henssonow

we placed palawan , calamian islands , and cuyo islands into a single ecoregion , the palawan rain forests [ im0143 ] . palawan has closer zoogeographic affinities to borneo .

high quality content by wikipedia articles ! the palawan treeshrew ( tupaia palawanensis ) is a species of treeshrew in the tupaiidae family . it is endemic to the philippines . it is threatened by habitat loss . this book was created using print - on - demand technology .

yan wong changed the thumbnail image of " file : nicobar treeshrew ( tupaia nicobarica nicobarica ) . jpg " .

there are many endemic mammals in palawan , but nearly all the genera ( 96 percent ) are also found in borneo . of twenty - five indigenous nonvolant mammal species , eleven ( 44 percent ) are endemic to palawan , and the remainder are shared with borneo . therefore , the greater palawan region is rightly considered part of the sunda shelf bioregion rather than that of the philippines . the large number of endemic species but few endemic genera of palawan are consistent with a separation of borneo and palawan of approximately 160 , 000 ( since the middle pleistocene ) ( heaney 1986 ) . there are fifteen endemic or near - endemic mammals in greater palawan ( table 1 ) .

several of palawan ' s endemic mammals are considered threatened . three endemic mammal species are considered endangered , including the calamian deer , a sunda tree squirrel ( sundasciurus juvencus ) ( recommended for delisting ; heaney et al . 1998 ) , and the palawan rat ( palawanomys furvus ) , which was collected only four times in 1962 . a subspecies of mouse deer , the balabac chevrotain ( tragulus napu nigricans ) , which is confined to balabac island , is also considered endangered . five endemic mammal species are considered vulnerable , including acerodon leucotis , the palawan treeshrew ( tupaia palawanensis ) , the palawan stink badger ( mydaus marchei ) , the palawan binturong ( arctictis binturong whitei ) , and a sunda tree squirrel ( sundasciurus rabori ) ( iucn 2000 ) .

results of a behavioral study of a group of 12 wild - caught captive mountain treeshrews indicate that they are more social than groups of other treeshrew species . two males tended to dominate the group . females had an

the channel between palawan and borneo is about 145 m deep . during the middle pleistocene , sea levels were 160 m lower than today , and the islands were connected . during the last ice age ( late pleistocene ) , sea level was approximately 120 m below current levels , and palawan was separated from ice age borneo by a narrow channel . palawan has always remained separated from the rest of the philippines . palawan is long and narrow , consisting of a steep mountain range whose highest point is 2 , 085 m ( mt . mantalingajan ) . more than 45 percent of palawan consists of mountains with slopes greater than 30 percent ( davis et al . 1995 ) .

high quality content by wikipedia articles ! the palawan treeshrew ( tupaia palawanensis ) is a species of treeshrew in the tupaiidae family . it is endemic to the philippines . it is threatened by habitat loss . the treeshrews ( or tree shrews ) are small mammals native to the tropical forests of southeast asia . they make up the families tupaiidae , the treeshrews , and ptilocercidae , the pen - tailed treeshrews , and the entire order scandentia . there are 20 species in 5 genera . treeshrews have a higher brain to body mass ratio than humans , though this is not uncommon for animals weighing less than a kilogram .

collins , p . m . and tsang , w . n . ( 1987 ) . growth and reproductive development in the male treeshrew ( tupaia belangeri ) from birth to sexual maturity . biology of reproduction 37 ( 2 ) : 261–267 .

thomas , o . ( 1894 ) . on the palawan representative of tupaia ferruginea . the annals and magazine of natural history 6 ( 13 ) : 367 .

the mountain treeshrew is dark grizzled rufous above with an indistinct black line along the back . its tail is rather short and grizzled rufous above , but below more olivaceous yellow with a black tip . the lateral tail hairs are ringed . the head and body length measures 15–33

palawan ' s forests are of low commercial value because of the small number of dipterocarps , and until the last twenty years palawan ' s forests were ignored in favor of the more valuable forests of luzon and mindanao . government logging regulations setting guidelines for minimum diameter , minimum rotation length , and replanting have been largely ignored ( quinnell and balmford 1988 ) .

this ecoregion corresponds exactly with the palawan eba ( stattersfield et al . 1998 ) . the eba contains twenty restricted - range birds , seventeen of which are found nowhere else on earth and five of which ( palawan peacock - pheasant [ polyplectron emphanum ] , grey imperial - pigeon [ ducula pickeringii ] , blue - headed racquet - tail [ prioniturus platenae ] , falcated wren - babbler [ ptilocichla falcata ] , and palawan flycatcher [ ficedula platenae ] ) are considered vulnerable ( collar 1999 ) . all these vulnerable birds are dependent on lowland and hill forest ( collar et al . 1999 ; stattersfield et al . 1998 ) . there are twenty endemic or near - endemic bird species in the palawan ecoregion ( kennedy et al . 2000 ; table 2 ) .

description location and general description this ecoregion includes the island palawan plus balabac , ursula island , and the calamian group . palawan itself is the sixth largest of the philippine islands . the climate of the ecoregion is tropical wet ( national geographic society 1999 ) . in northwest palawan , a dry season lasts from november to may while the wet season lasts from june to october ; the rest of the island experiences a short , one - to three - month dry season . the east coast becomes progressively drier than the west coast from north to south ( davis et al . 1995 ) .

biodiversity features relative to the size of palawan , the ecoregion contains a rich fauna , including several groups that are not found in the rest of the philippines ( carnivores , pangolins , porcupines , and some insectivores ) ( heaney 1986 ) .

( tupaia palawanensis ) iucn : least concern nom français : toupaie de palawan status in captivity : this species has probably never been displayed anywhere in captivity outside philippines . even there , it remains extremely rare and probably never or very seldom bred .

currently , palawan ' s mineral wealth ( chromite , copper , iron , manganese , mercury , and nickel ) has not been extensively exploited , but the possible future extraction of these minerals represents a potential threat ( quinnell and balmford 1988 ) .

hunting and the wild pet trade are also significant threats in palawan . leopard cats have been hunted for their pelts and are sold when kittens as pets ( heaney and regalado 1998 ) . the palawan binturong is hunted for meat and as pets , and the pangolin is hunted for its hide ( quinnell and balmford 1988 ) . the palawan peacock - pheasant ( dickinson et al . 1991 ; collar et al . 1999 ) , blue - headed racquet - tail ( collar et al . 1999 ) , philippine cockatoos ( cacatua haematuropygia ) , and blue - naped parrots ( tanygnathus lucionensis ) ( quinnell and balmford 1988 ) apparently are suffering greatly from the pet trade . the final destination for these birds often is the united states ( quinnell and balmford 1988 ) .

palawan represents a bridge between the sunda shelf and philippine bioregions and contains faunal elements from both , as well as it own unique elements . this ecoregion , though more intact than any other region in the philippines , is under great pressure from logging interests .

because of a generally high population density in other parts of the philippines , large numbers of shifting cultivators ( kaingineros ) are attracted to palawan to eke out a living on the hillsides of the island , and their cumulative impact is enormous ( quinnell and balmford 1988 ) .

limestone forests are found on the islets surrounding palawan and over large areas in the southern portions of the island . represented are euphorbia trigona , aglaia argentea , and antidesma , drypetes , gomphandra , sterculia , pleomele , and begonia spp . ( davis et al . 1995 ) .

all of palawan was declared a fauna and flora watershed reserve , and this includes a variety of protected areas , including national parks , wilderness areas , experimental forests , forest research reserves , game refuges , wildlife sanctuaries , museum reservations and research sites , tourist zones , and marine reserves .

a total of 1 , 522 ( davis et al . 1995 ) to 1 , 672 ( quinnell and balmford 1988 ) vascular plants have been identified on palawan , and it is estimated that more than 2 , 000 species are present on the island . as detailed earlier , palawan has an extremely diverse range of vegetation types for the philippines . a small number of dipterocarps , an important timber tree group , are present on the island , as well as a variety of medicinal plants used by ethnic tribes and plants used in ceremony and as ornamentals ( davis et al . 1995 ) .

current status almost all of the philippines was once completely forested ( dickinson et al . 1991 ) . as of 1988 , palawan contained 7 , 410 km2 ( 54 percent ) of total forest remaining ( ssc 1988 ) . at the time this was the highest percentage of any of the philippines ' large islands .

recent reports in the international press indicate ( and have been confirmed , l . heaney , pers . comm . , 2000 ) that the situation in palawan has stabilized , that large - scale logging has been halted , and that a balance is being achieved between economic development and conservation ; future monitoring will determine whether this is remains true .

victoria peak , in south - central palawan , contains the largest region of ultramafic forest on the island . although many of the ultramafic tree species are shared with semi - deciduous forest , several species , including scaevola micrantha , brackenridgea palustris var . foxworthi , exocarpus latifolius , and phyllanthus lamprophyllus are believed to be heavy metal indicators ( davis et al . 1995 ) .

vegetation types on palawan are diverse and include beach forest , tropical lowland evergreen dipterocarp rain forest , lowland semi - deciduous forest , montane forest , and ultramafic and limestone forest . beach forest merges with other forest types away from the coast and includes calophyllum inophyllum , canarium asperum var . asperum , pometia pinnata , palaquium dubardii , and ficus spp . ( davis et al . 1995 ) .

the lowland evergreen dipterocarp rain forest , which naturally occupies 31 percent of the island , is dominated by agalai spp . , dipterocarpus gracilis , d . grandiflorus , ficus spp . , tristania spp . , exocarpus latifolius , and swintonia foxworthyi . sygium spp . , dracontomelon dao , and pongamia pinnata are emergent . lianas and cycads are common . in southern palawan , a casuarina sp . dominates in the lowland forests ( davis et al . 1995 ) .

justification of ecoregion delineation mackinnon ( 1997 ) identified seven subunits in the philippines , and the philippine biodiversity action plan ( philippine bap 1997 ) demarcated fifteen biogeographic units . udvardy ( 1975 ) identified the philippines as a single biogeographic province . we delineated nine ecoregions in the philippine islands , including palawan . we deviated from udvardy ( 1975 ) , mackinnon ( 1997 ) , stattersfield et al . ( 1998 ) , and the philippine bap ( 1997 ) to varying degrees and based our delineation of the philippine ecoregions on heaney ( 1993 ) .

types and severity of threats habitat destruction is the main threat to biodiversity in the philippines , and palawan , though currently in better condition , is no different . logging and shifting cultivation ( kaingin ) are cited as the primary forces of habitat conversion . logging takes many forms , from industrial scale to smaller - scale operations that use water buffalo to haul logs out of the forest . mangroves are used locally for firewood , dyes , and tannins ( davis et al . 1995 ) , and they are sometimes removed to make way for fishponds ( quinnell and balmford 1988 ) .

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i thought you might be interested in this item at urltoken title : mammal species of the world : a taxonomic and geographic reference author : don e wilson ; deeann m reeder publisher : baltimore : johns hopkins university press , ©2005 . isbn / issn : 0801882214 9780801882210 0801882389 9780801882388 0801882397 9780801882395 oclc : 57557352

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this indispensable reference work belongs in public and academic libraries throughout the world and on the shelf of every biologist who works with mammals .

a uniquely valuable compendium of taxonomic and distributional data on the world ' s living and historically extinct mammalian species . contributors and editors alike deserve the thanks of all

mammalogists for helping to forge the nomenclatural mesh that holds our science together . * journal of mammalogy * to refer to this work as a checklist undervalues it and does not give sufficient credit to the authors and editors for their meticulous efforts in its production . a valuable reference work and a vital tool , particularly for researchers . * journal of natural history * by far the most convenient source for finding the correct scientific name of any mammal and should be on the reference shelf of libraries striving to have useful science sections . * science books and films * the editors and authors are to be congratulated for undertaking such an outstanding and authoritative work , and it should serve as a standard reference for mammalian species taxonomy for many years to come . * journal of mammalian evolution * the third edition adds to its reputation as an outstanding and authorative work . * national museum of natural history weekly update & forecast * impressive and elegant work . - - g . r . seamons * reference reviews * a must - have text for any professional mammalogist , and a useful and authoritative reference for scientists and students in other disciplines . * southeastern naturalist * a magnificent work important to anyone seriously interested in mammals . this work is essential for academic or special libraries supporting zoology or conservation and for large public libraries . * american reference books annual * as were many of our colleagues , we were waiting for this revised edition since 2003 . . . we can say that the wait was worth it . - - sergio solari and robert j . baker * journal of mammalogy *

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mammal species of the world : a taxonomic and geographic reference , 2nd ed . , 3rd printing

mammal species of the world : a taxonomic and geographic reference , 3rd ed . , vols . 1 & 2

with contributions by bernadette n . graham , adam p . potter , and mariana m . upmeyer

comments : included in t . glis by corbet ( in corbet and hill , 1992 ) and many earlier authors , but specific separation is supported by pelage coloration differences , craniodental features ( k . h . han et al . , 2000 ) , karyotypic data ( arrighi et al . , 1969 ) , and immunological distances ( dene et al . , 1978 ) . t . moellendorffi is provisionally separated from palawanensis here ( see account above )

disclaimer : itis taxonomy is based on the latest scientific consensus available , and is provided as a general reference source for interested parties . however , it is not a legal authority for statutory or regulatory purposes . while every effort has been made to provide the most reliable and up - to - date information available , ultimate legal requirements with respect to species are contained in provisions of treaties to which the united states is a party , wildlife statutes , regulations , and any applicable notices that have been published in the federal register . for further information on u . s . legal requirements with respect to protected taxa , please contact the u . s . fish and wildlife service .

the eastern half of the island is in a rain shadow and contains moist semi - deciduous forests . soils are thin on the steeper slopes and support medium - sized trees ( up to 15 m tall ) , which shed their leaves during the march - may dry season . the rainy season is june - july . common tree species include pterocymbium tinctorium , pterospermum diversifolium , hymenodictyon spp . , and garuga floribunda ( davis et al . 1995 ) .

montane forests , found between 800 and 1 , 500 m , are dominated by tristania spp . , casuarina spp . , swietenia foxworthyi , and litsea spp . in the lower elevations . upper montane forest trees include agathis philippinensis , dacrydium pectinatum , podocarpus polystachyus , gnetum latifolium , cycas wadei , cinnamomum rupestre , nepenthes philippinensis , and angiopteris spp . ( davis et al . 1995 ) .

family species pteropodidae acerodon leucotis * cervidae axis calamianensis * sciuridae sundasciurus steerii * sciuridae sundasciurus moellendorfi * sciuridae sundasciurus rabori * sciuridae hylopetes nigripes * muridae chiropodomys calamianensis * muridae maxomys panglima * muridae palawanomys furvus * hystricidae hystrix pumila * sorcidae crocidura palawanensis * muridae haeromys sp . a * sciuridae sundasciurus hoogstraali * sciuridae sundasciurus juvencus * tupaiidae tupaia palawanensis *

the calamian deer ( axis calamianensis ) is found only in the calamian islands , where it survives in low densities on busuanga , calauit , and culion islands . the only protected area for this species was established to protect free - ranging african ungulates on calauit island ( wemmer 1998 ) .

later aerial surveys ( development alternatives 1992 ) indicated that significant reductions in closed - canopy forest cover had occurred since 1988 as a result of recent logging . as seen from the air , the lowlands and hillsides consist of slash - and - burn agriculture up to the edges of natural forest in the highlands . closed - canopy forest caps only the highest areas on the island .

ornamental plant collecting , especially for the orchids ( phalaenopsis amabilis and paphiopedilum argus ) , pitcher plants ( nepenthes spp . ) , palms ( veitchia merrillii ) , and aroids ( amorphophallus spp . and alocasia spp . ) threatens some plant populations ( davis et al . 1995 ) .

a valuable resin , known as manila copal , is collected from agathis dammara trees . this collection weakens the trees , and slackening production and disease combined with overexploitation are threatening the species ( davis et al . 1995 ; quinnell and balmford 1988 ) .

references references for this ecoregion are currently consolidated in one document for the entire indo - pacific realm . indo - pacific reference list

world wildlife fund 1250 24th street , n . w . washington , dc 20037

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the major threat to this species is loss of habitat due to logging , agricultural expansion and conversion of land to plantations .

it occurs in several protected areas throughout its range , including lanjak - entimau wildlife sanctuary ( han and engkamat 2000 ) . the preservation of old and regenerating forested areas , and natural forest remnants within tree plantations , will benefit this species . it is listed on cites appendix ii .

helgen , k . m . ( 2005 ) . " tupaia gracilis " . in wilson , d . e . ; reeder , d . m . mammal species of the world ( 3rd ed . ) . johns hopkins university press . p . 106 . isbn 978 - 0 - 8018 - 8221 - 0 . oclc 62265494 .

han , k . h . & stuebing , r . ( 2008 ) . tupaia gracilis . in : iucn 2008 . iucn red list of threatened species . retrieved 30 december 2008 .

this species is found on borneo below 1 , 200 m , in sabah and sarawak ( malaysia ) and kalimantan ( indonesia ) except in the south - east ; west to the islands of karimata , belitung , and bangka , and north to banggi island ( helgen 2005 ) . it is sympatric with tupaia minor , t . longipes , and t . tana on borneo ( .

this species is found in lowland old growth forests , secondary forest and in older ( > 5years ) tree plantations ( r . stuebing pers . comm . ) .

listed as least concern as although the species is not common and its habitat continues to decline in the face of ongoing forest loss in the lowlands of borneo , the species shows some adaptability to disturbed environments , and it is unlikely that past or future declines over 10 years would not be at a rate that would warrant listing in a threatened category .

this species is somewhat rare ( k . h . han pers . comm . ) . it seems patchily distributed , being present at low densities in some sites , but apparently absent from other forested areas ( r . stuebing pers . comm . ) .

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this species is endemic to borneo , where it is found in sabah and sarawak ( malaysia ) , kalimantan ( indonesia ) , and brunei ( helgen 2005 ) . it is more commonly found below 1 , 000 m ( k . h . han pers . comm . ) .

this species is reliant on pristine forest ; however , they do survive in natural forest remnants in tree plantations and regenerating shifting agriculture plots ( r . stuebing pers . comm . ) .

listed as least concern as although the species has probably undergone declines due to ongoing forest loss , particularly at low elevations , these declines over 10 years are unlikely to be sufficient to warrant listing in a threatened category .

formerly common in borneo , but there have probably since been declines throughout the range .

the main threat to this species is deforestation and habitat degradation due to agriculture and conversion to non - timber plantations .

this species is found in several protected areas . it is listed on cites appendix ii .

helgen , k . m . ( 2005 ) . " tupaia longipes " . in wilson , d . e . ; reeder , d . m . mammal species of the world ( 3rd ed . ) . johns hopkins university press . p . 107 . isbn 978 - 0 - 8018 - 8221 - 0 . oclc 62265494 .

han , k . h . & stuebing , r . ( 2008 ) . tupaia longipes . in : iucn 2008 . iucn red list of threatened species . retrieved 30 december 2008 .

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endemic to the mindanao faunal region , philippines . it has been recorded from dinagat , mindanao ( bukidnon , davao del sur , misamis occidental , misamis oriental , south cotabato , surigao del norte , and zamboanga del sur provinces ) , and siargao ( heaney et al . 1998 ) . it ranges from 750 - 2 , 250 m on mindanao , whereas it is found at lower elevations on the other islands .

the philippine tree shrew is widely distributed on the mindanao , dinagat , and siargao islands of the philippines ( lyon 1913 ; nowak 1991 ) .

can easily be distinguished from other members of the tupaiidae by its even - haired round tail and elongated snout . furthermore , it has small zygomatic fenestra and large canine - like second incisors . compared to the rest of its family , the skull of

is large and angular , with a heavy rostrum . the claws on the fore feet are long and sharp . the dental and skull characteristics indicate that

is approximately 170 to 220 mm , while the tail is 115 to 175 mm . the feet are usually 50 mm long and the braincase is about 20 mm wide .

the upper parts of the animal are brownish in color , due to a mixture of tawny and blackish hair . most specimens also have an orange shoulder stripe . the underparts of the animal vary in color from orange to orangish - red . the chest is usually the brightest part . specimens from different areas also vary in color from each other . the specimens from dingagat are generally light in color with a golden sheen dorsally , while those from siargao are usually much darker .

type for urogale everetti catalog number : usnm 125287 collection : smithsonian institution , national museum of natural history , department of vertebrate zoology , division of mammals sex / stage : male ; adult preparation : skin ; skull collector ( s ) : e . mearns year collected : 1904 locality : mount apo , todaya , mindanao , davao del sur province , philippines , asia elevation ( m ) : 1219

type : mearns , e . a . 1905 may 13 . proceedings of the united states national museum . 28 : 435 .

the species inhabits mid - elevation ranges and prefers montane and lower mossy forest , though it can be found in disturbed habitats near forested areas ( l . heaney pers . comm . ) . although it exhibits some tolerance for light habitat disturbance ( for example , selective logging ) , it does not do well in heavily disturbed forest ( l . heaney pers . comm . ) .

philippine tree shrews are usually found inhabiting brush zones and dense vegetation along river beds . they have also been observed running and climbing in trees . natives of the philippines say that

specimens have been collected from the mountains of mindanao at elevations ranging from 3 , 000 to 4 , 000 feet above sea level . ( lyon 1913 ; nowak 1999 )

eats a variety of foods ranging from small animals and insects to fruits and vegetables .

has also been observed opening and eating eggs with enough skill to suggest that it does so in the wild . their appetite is large ; an individual can eat several bananas or two - ounce pieces of meat a day . eating is usually done in the morning , but water is consumed whenever possible .

urogale everetti preys on : non - insect arthropods this list may not be complete but is based on published studies .

myers , p . , r . espinosa , c . s . parr , t . jones , g . s . hammond , and t . a . dewey . 2006 . the animal diversity web ( online ) . accessed february 16 , 2011 at urltoken . urltoken

; however , one captive specimen lived to be 11 . 5 years old .

weigh approximately 20 grams and are about 103 mm long . after 13 to 25 days , the young open their eyes .

has been bred successfully in several zoos . the gestation period lasts 54 to 56 days and litters of only one or two have been reported . adult females have 2 mammae and suckle their young about once every two days . females are usually receptive to males soon after they give birth . ( hayssen et al . 1964 ; nowak 1999 ) .

tabaranza , b . , gonzalez , j . c . , rosell - ambal , g . & heaney , l .

listed as least concern as it is widespread within its limited range in the philippines and locally common . population declines may have occurred at lower elevation ranges due to deforestation , but the population is likely to be stable above 1 , 000 m and the species occurs in a number of protected areas .

the current plans for the conservation of tree shrews in southeast asia are outlined in " eurasian insectivores and tree shrew : status survey and conservation action plan " , a 1995 publication released by the iucn . the url for this site is urltoken .

populations is the destruction of their natural habitats by humans . because they aren ' t well known and don ' t have an economic value , this species and its habitat are being overlooked by conservationists .

this species is widespread and locally common in forests on dinagat and moderately common throughout mindanao .

the major threat is deforestation that has occurred at lower elevations , and much of this species ' habitat below 1000 m has been lost .

this species occurs in several protected areas . it is listed on cites appendix ii .

it is found , as its name suggests , in mindanao , in the philippines . it lives in rain forests and montane forests .

the body is 17 - 20 cm , and the tail is 11 - 17 cm . it has a particularly elongated snout and a rounded , even - haired tail . the fur is brownish , but with orange or yellow underparts .

it is diurnal in its habits , and it climbs well and runs fast on the ground .

its diet is varied . it includes insects , lizards , young birds , bird ' s eggs , and fruit .

it is thought that in the wild , it nests on the ground , or on cliffs . their breeding habits have been observed in captivity , where females have produced 1 or 2 young after a gestation period of 54 - 56 days .

helgen , k . m . ( 2005 ) . wilson , d . e . ; reeder , d . m , eds . mammal species of the world ( 3rd ed . ) . johns hopkins university press . pp . 108–109 . isbn 978 - 0 - 8018 - 8221 - 0 . oclc 62265494 .

tabaranza , b . , gonzalez , j . c . , ambal , g . & heaney , l . ( 2008 ) . urogale everetti . in : iucn 2008 . iucn red list of threatened species . retrieved 30 december 2008 .

napier jr , napier ph . ( 1968 ) a handbook of living primates . morphology , ecology and behaviour of nonhuman primates . academic , london

this species is endemic to montane borneo where it is restricted to altitudes above 900 m ( payne et al . 1998 ) in malaysian northern borneo , including the mountains of north - eastern sarawak and mts . kinabalu and trus madi in sabah ( helgen 2005 ) . recorded from 1 , 200 m to elevations of 3 , 350 m ( corbet and hill 1992 ) .

this species is found in submontane and montane pristine forest . this species needs undergrowth as it comes down to forage for insects ( k . h . han pers . comm . ) .

this species does not appear to have been recorded since the early 1970s . a primarily montane species , it has probably undergone some declines due to loss of habitat , particularly at lower elevations , but the absence of any recent records hinders any reliable assessment of their status . this species is a priority for further survey work , pending which it may warrant listing in near threatened or higher .

this species has not been recorded since the early 1970s . between 1989 to 1991 , three sessions of trappings at the area ( sinsuran ridge , sabah ) where the animal was last caught in the early 1970s , failed to capture the animal ( k . h . han pers . comm . ) .

the major threat to this species is loss of habitat due to agricultural expansion and conversion of land to non - tree plantations at lower elevations .

it occurs in crocker range national park ( sabah , malaysia ) . it is listed on cites appendix ii .

head and body length is 5 in ( 13 cm ) , with tail length 4 . 5 in ( 11 cm ) . the body mass is about 1 . 5 oz ( 43 g ) . upper parts of the small body are dark brown , while the under parts are orange - buff with gray bases , and shiny black with reddish streaking along the sides . it has a short snout , with large ear flaps . prominent orange - brown rings exist around the eyes , with weakly marked facial streaks present on both side of the face , extending from the snout to ears . no shoulder streaks are present . the claws are notably sharp . the thin tail is covered with fine , smooth hair , with darkening towards the tip .

, which active in mossy trees and on rocky boulders in submontane and montane pristine forest . this species seems to feed predominantly on

is recorded from gunung dulit , gunung mulu , and the kelabit uplands in northern sarawak , and from the sabah - sarawak border . meanwhile ,

this species is listed as data deficient because it has not recorded since the early 1970s . the major threats for this species are loss of habitat due to the agricultural expansion and conversion of land to nontree plantations at lower elevations . this species may warrant listing in near threatened or higher . the conservation actions only occur at crocker range national park , sabah , malaysia .

gardner , a . ( 2005 ) . wilson , d . e . ; reeder , d . m , eds . mammal species of the world ( 3rd ed . ) . johns hopkins university press . pp . 104–105 . isbn 978 - 0 - 8018 - 8221 - 0 . oclc 62265494 .

han , k . h . & stuebing , r . ( 2008 ) . dendrogale melanura . in : iucn 2008 . iucn red list of threatened species . retrieved 30 december 2008 .

francis , c . m . & payne , j . ( 2005 ) . a field guide to the mammals of borneo . malaysia : sabah society

in their natural habitat , mountain treeshrews were observed being active during the day . they forage on the ground among fallen logs and branches where they feed mostly on

. they also consume large quantities of wild fruits and berries , eating them in short bursts . it is assumed that they extract sugar laden juices and this way supplement dietary deficiencies of an arthropod diet .

lasted 49 to 51 days . they did not display a distinct reproductive season . litters comprised one to two young .

. they defecate into the plants ' pitchers while visiting them to feed on sweet , fruity secretions from glands on the pitcher lids .

. in wilson , d . e . ; reeder , d . m .

thomas , o . ( 1892 ) . on some new mammalia from the east - indian archipelago . the annals and magazine of natural history 6 ( 9 ) : 250–254 .

emmons , l . ( 2000 ) . tupai : a field study of bornean treeshrews . berkeley and los angeles : university of california press .

sorenson , m . w . , conaway , c . h . ( 1968 ) . the social and reproductive behavior of tupaia montana in captivity . journal of mammalogy : 502–512 .

this article is issued from wikipedia - version of the 11 / 8 / 2016 . the text is available under the creative commons attribution / share alike but additional terms may apply for the media files .

this species is found in malaysia and indonesia , including southern borneo ( subspecies splendidula ) and karimata island ( carimatae ) , bunguran ( natunae ) and laut ( lucida ) in the northern natuna islands , and riabu ( riabus ) in the anambas islands ( helgen 2005 ) .

this species occurs in primary lowland forest ; it presumably occurs in secondary forests , and lightly degraded forests .

listed as least concern as the species is relatively widely distributed on borneo , and although rare appears to show some adaptability to disturbed habitats . it is undoubtedly undergoing declines , but these are not believed to be at a rate that would warrant listing in threatened category .

this species is rare and usually only a few are taken for every few hundred trap nights of survey effort ( k . h . han pers . comm . ) . however , it is said to be locally common at puruk cahu in central kalimantan ( i . maryanto pers . comm . ) .

the major threat to this species is habitat degradation , due to logging and conversion to agriculture .

this species is not recorded from any protected areas . it is listed on cites appendix ii .

helgen , k . m . ( 2005 ) . " tupaia splendidula " . in wilson , d . e . ; reeder , d . m . mammal species of the world ( 3rd ed . ) . johns hopkins university press . p . 108 . isbn 978 - 0 - 8018 - 8221 - 0 . oclc 62265494 .

han , k . h . & maryanto , i . ( 2008 ) . " tupaia splendidula " . iucn red list of threatened species . version 2013 . 2 . international union for conservation of nature .

raffles described the genus as having an elongated snout , 8 to 10 incisors , well developed limbs , five - toed naked feet , and the sole furnished with projecting pads and sharp claws , with a habit and tail of a squirrel .

species , which only lack the long black whiskers and have smaller ears . they don’t have any markings on the face , the naked area of the nose is finely reticulated , an oblique stripe on the shoulder is more or less distinct , and the tail is haired but not tufted . the

is longer than the second , while the second pair of lower incisors is slightly larger than the first and third pairs . the lower

, they are primarily terrestrial and forage on the forest floor , usually below 1 . 5 m ( 4 . 9 ft ) . since they are rarely seen crossing wide roads , it is likely that populations are negatively affected by fragmentation of forests caused by

and small beetles . they hold their food between the forelegs while sitting on their haunches . after feeding they smooth the head and face with both forepaws , and lick the lips and palms . they are also fond of water , both to drink and to bathe in .

they fortify their diet with soft fruits that are mostly dispersed by birds . they swallow the pulp but reject fibrous components , which they cannot digest due to their long and small

of treeshrews enables them to easily detect food among the leaf litter on the forest floor . their sensitivity for odours coupled with

. social behaviour differs between species and the available food resources in their territories . where food is adequate and sufficient , they tolerate conspecifics without engaging in territorial disputes .

birds of prey , snakes , and small carnivores are known to hunt treeshrews . humans have no interest in killing them for food because of their unpleasant taste , and they are rarely seen as pests .

treeshrews share more similarity with rodents and squirrels than with primates in regards to their reproduction and development . in contrast to primates , who produce one baby with longer gestation periods , treeshrews generally have litters of 2 - 3 young and are only in utero for about 45 days . female treeshrews give birth in nests made of many dry leaves , and are known to leave the young unattended while returning occasionally to give them milk . parental care of

the young remain in the nest for 33 days on average , developing gradually before they exit the nest . there are ten identified embryonic developmental stages in

their morphological similarity to primates makes them an important model organism in human medical research . a study investigating the effects of the

than them , there is increasing interest in using them as an alternative model for use as a model in human medical research . successful psychosocial studies were carried out , and it was found that dramatic behavioral , neuroendocrinal , and physiological changes occurred in subordinate male

have been used to overcome the limitations of using rodent models in the study of human biology and disease mechanisms , as well as the development of new drugs and diagnostic tools . recent studies have utilized tree shrews to study infectious , metabolic , neurological , and psychiatric diseases as well as cancers .

. this was advantageous because other possible candidates such as guinea pigs , rats , mice , and other rodents leave gaps in the information especially regarding clinical symptoms and transmission .

, on the other hand , display moderate systemic and respiratory symptoms as well as pathological changes in the respiratory tract , supporting its use as a beneficial model in h1n1 research .

as knowledge increases regarding the use of treeshrews as medical research models , so do the ethical implications regarding the care of these animals for research purposes .

helgen , k . m . ( 2005 ) . " tupaia " . in wilson , d . e . ; reeder , d . m . mammal species of the world ( 3rd ed . ) . johns hopkins university press . p . 104 . isbn 978 - 0 - 8018 - 8221 - 0 . oclc 62265494 .

raffles , t . s . ( 1821 ) . " descriptive catalogue of a zoological collection made on account of the honourable east india company , in the island of sumatra and its vicinity , under the direction of sir thomas stamford raffles , lieutenant - governor of fort marlborough ; with additional notices illustrative of the natural history of those countries . " . the transactions of the linnean society of london ( linnean society of london ) xiii : 239–340 .

wilkinson , r . j . ( 1901 ) . a malay - english dictionary kelly & walsh limited , hongkong , shanghai and yokohama .

lyon , m . w . , jr . ( 1913 ) . tree shrews : an account of the mammalian family tupaiidae . proceedings of the united states national museum , 45 : 1–188 .

shriver , j . g . , noback , c . r . ( 1967 ) . color vision in the tree shrew ( tupaia glis ) . folia primatologia 6 : 161−169 .

diard , p . m . , duvaucel , a . ( 1820 ) . " sur une nouvelle espèce de sorex — sorex glis " . asiatick researches , or , transactions of the society instituted in bengal , for inquiring into the history and antiquities , the arts , sciences , and literature of asia , volume 14 : 470–475 .

horsfield , t . ( 1824 ) . zoological researches in java , and the neighbouring islands . london : kingsbury , parbury , & allen .

wagner , j . a . ( 1841 ) . das peguanische spitzhörnchen . in : die säugethiere in abbildungen nach der natur mit beschreibungen . supplementband 2 . erlangen : expedition des schreber ' schen säugethier - und des esper ' schen schmetterlingswerkes . pp . 42–43 .

schlegel , h . ( 1857 ) . tana dorsalis . in : handleiding tot de beoefening der dierkunde , ie deel . boekdrukkerij van nys , breda . page 59 .

gray , j . e . ( 1865 ) . notice of a species of tupaia from borneo , in the collection of the british museum . proceedings of the general meetings for scientific business of the zoological society of london : 322 .

zelebor , j . ( 1868 ) . cladobates nicobaricus . in : reise der österreichischen fregatte novara um die erde . zoologischer theil , band 1 säugethiere . wien : kaiserliche akademie der wissenschaften . pp . 17–19 .

günther , a . g . ( 1876 ) . remarks on some indian and , more especially , bornean mammals . proceedings of the general meetings for scientific business of the zoological society of london : 424–428 .

thomas , o . ( 1893 ) . on some new bornean mammalia . the annals and magazine of natural history , 6 ( 11 ) : 341–347 .

thomas , o . ( 1893 ) . description of a new bornean tupaia . the annals and magazine of natural history 6 ( 12 ) : 53–54 .

matschie , p . ( 1898 ) . säugethiere von den philippinen . sitzungsbericht der gesellschaft naturforschender freunde zu berlin : 38–43 .

miller , g . s . jr . ( 1903 ) . seventy new malayan mammals . smithsonian miscellaneous collections 45 : 1–73 .

mein , p . and ginsburg , l . ( 1997 ) . les mammifères du gisement miocène inférieur de li mae long , thaïlande : systématique , biostratigraphie et paléoenvironnement . geodiversitas 19 ( 4 ) : 783–844 .

butler , p . m . ( 1972 ) . the problem of insectivore classification . in : k . a . joysey and t . s . kemp ( eds . ) studies in vertebrate evolution . oliver and boyd , edinburgh . pp . 253−265 .

martin , r . d . ( 1968 ) . reproduction and ontogeny in tree - shrews ( tupaia belangeri ) , with reference to their general behaviour and taxonomic relationships . zeitschrift für tierpsychologie 25 ( 4 ) : 409–495 .

mckenna , m . c . , bell , s . k . ( 1997 ) . classification of mammals above the species level . columbia university press , new york .

peterson , e . a . , wruble , s . d . , ponzoli , v . i . ( 1968 ) . auditory responses in tree shrews and primates . journal of auditory research 8 ( 3 ) : 345–355 .

emmons , l . h . ( 1991 ) . frugivory in treeshrews ( tupaia ) . the american naturalist . 138 ( 3 ) : 642–649 .

gould , e . ( 1978 ) . the behavior of the moonrat , echinosorex gymnurus ( erinaceidae ) and the pentail shrew , ptilocercus lowi ( tupaiidae ) with comments on the behavior of other insectivora . zeitschrift für tierpsychologie 48 ( 1 ) : 1–27 .

kawamichi , t . and kawamichi , m . ( 1979 ) . spatial organization and territory of tree shrews ( tupaia glis ) . animal behavior 27 ( 2 ) : 381–393 .

cisneros , l . ( 2005 ) . " tupaia glis " ( on - line ) , animal diversity web .

kuhn , h , and schwaier , a . ( 1973 ) . implantation , early placentation , and the chronology of embryogenesis in tupaia belangeri . zeitschrift für anatomie und entwicklungsgeschichte 142 ( 3 ) : 315–340 .

sprankel , h . , richarz , k . , ludwig , h . and rott , r . ( 1978 ) . behavior alterations in tree shrews induced by borna disease virus . medical microbiology and immunology 165 ( 1 ) : 1–18 .

cao , j . , yang , e . b . , su , j . j . , li , y . , chow , p . ( 2003 ) . the tree shrew : adjuncts and alternatives to primates as models for biomedical research . journal of medical primatology . 32 ( 3 ) : 123–130 .

xu , l . , zhang , y . , liang , b . , lü , l . b . , chen , c . s . , chen , y . b . , yao , y . g . ( 2013 ) . tree shrews under the spot light : emerging model of human diseases . dongwuxue yanjiu 34 ( 2 ) : 59–69 . ( in chinese )


teldenia seriata is a moth in the drepanidae family .

it was described by warren in 1922 .

it is found in new guinea and on goodenough island .

the length of the forewings is 12-14 mm for males and 13.5-14.5 mm for females .

the costa and fringe of the forewings of the males are buff , while those of the females are paler .

the sub-basal fascia is reduced to five dark brown spots and the inner postmedial is reduced to seven or eight spots .

the subterminal is reduced to nine spots and the distal postmedial is continuous and buff .

the terminal line is variable .

the hindwings are as the forewings , but there is no sub-basal row of spots .

teldenia seriata

teldenia seriata <EOT> wilkinson , c . , 1967 . a taxonomic revision of the genus teldenia moore ( lepidoptera : drepanidae , drepaninae ) . transactions of the royal entomological society of london 119 : 303 - 362 .

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papua localities : waigeo : waigeo camp ; new guinea : furu camp ( foja mts . ) , hollandia ( jayapura ) , kouh , mapi , marina valen , mokwam , sabron camp ( cyclops ) , sinimburu , tandia , yongsu . details in gazetteer .

data sources : bmnh , ksp , rmnh , zman . literature ( see below )

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urn : lsid : catalogueoflife . org : taxon : 322c1faa - 4e2c - 11e8 - 9ed0 - fa163e792e6e : col20180626

urn : lsid : catalogueoflife . org : taxon : 322c25e1 - 4e2c - 11e8 - 9ed0 - fa163e792e6e : col20180626

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beccaloni g . , scoble m . , kitching i . , simonsen t . , robinson g . , pitkin b . , hine a . & lyal c . ( 2018 ) . lepindex : the global lepidoptera names index ( version 12 . 3 , jan 2012 ) . in : roskov y . , abucay l . , orrell t . , nicolson d . , bailly n . , kirk p . m . , bourgoin t . , dewalt r . e . , decock w . , de wever a . , nieukerken e . van , zarucchi j . , penev l . , eds . ( 2018 ) . species 2000 & itis catalogue of life , 30th june 2018 . digital resource at urltoken species 2000 : naturalis , leiden , the netherlands . issn 2405 - 8858 .

urn : lsid : catalogueoflife . org : taxon : 49b9f1cd - 4e2c - 11e8 - 9ed0 - fa163e792e6e : col20180626

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to cite this page : myers , p . , r . espinosa , c . s . parr , t . jones , g . s . hammond , and t . a . dewey . 2018 . the animal diversity web ( online ) . accessed at https : / / animaldiversity . org .

disclaimer : the animal diversity web is an educational resource written largely by and for college students . adw doesn ' t cover all species in the world , nor does it include all the latest scientific information about organisms we describe . though we edit our accounts for accuracy , we cannot guarantee all information in those accounts . while adw staff and contributors provide references to books and websites that we believe are reputable , we cannot necessarily endorse the contents of references beyond our control .

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the name is reproduced exactly as proposed in the original publication . the name of a genus is made up of one word and species made up of two words ( genus and species ) separated by a blank .

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