onebala iridosoma is a moth in the gelechiidae family .

it was described by meyrick in 1918 .

it is found in australia , where it has been recorded from queensland .

the wingspan is 11-12 mm .

the forewings are dark fuscous with three irregular pale blue-metallic transverse streaks , obtusely angulated and interrupted above the middle , the first from near the base of the costa to one-third of the dorsum , the second from one-third of the costa to beyond the middle of the dorsum , the third from three-fifth of the costa to two-third of the dorsum , the two latter with white on the costal edge .

there is some brownish-ochreous suffusion between these on the subdorsal area , as well as a curved brownish-ochreous line from above the middle of the third streak to four-fifths of the dorsum .

there is also a violet-silvery metallic subterminal streak , angulated above the middle and indented between this and the costa .

the apical and terminal area beyond this brownish-ochreous , with four blackish longitudinal marks , and a black marginal line .

the hindwings are blackish-grey , lighter anteriorly .

onebala iridosoma

onebala iridosoma <EOT> helcystogramma iridosoma meyrick , 1918 ; exotic microlep . 2 ( 5 ) : 144

this is the place for onebala definition . you find here onebala meaning , synonyms of onebala and images for onebala copyright 2017 © urltoken

here you will find one or more explanations in english for the word onebala . also in the bottom left of the page several parts of wikipedia pages related to the word onebala and , of course , onebala synonyms and on the right images related to the word onebala .

onebala semiluna janse , 1954 ; moths s . afr . 5 ( 4 ) : 393

onebala probolaspis meyrick , 1929 ; exot . microlep . 3 ( 16 ) : 508 ; tl : transvaal , slypsteendrift

onebala brunneotincta janse , 1954 ; moths s . afr . 5 ( 4 ) : 393 ; tl : s . africa

onebala obsoleta janse , 1954 ; moths s . afr . 5 ( 4 ) : 392 ; tl : s . africa

onebala blandiella walker , 1864 ; list spec . lepid . insects colln br . mus . 29 : 792 ; tl : ceylon

dectobathra amethystina meyrick , 1904 ; proc . linn . soc . n . s . w . 29 ( 2 ) : 299 [ key ] , 300 ; tl : toowomba , queensland ; sydney , new south wales

dectobathra choristis meyrick , 1904 ; proc . linn . soc . n . s . w . 29 ( 2 ) : 299 [ key ] , 300 ; tl : brisbane , queensland ; bull , new south wales ; albany , west australia

helcystogramma euargyra turner , 1919 ; proc . r . soc . qd 31 ( 10 ) : 120

helcystogramma zapyrodes turner , 1919 ; proc . r . soc . qd 31 ( 10 ) : 119

[ afromoths ] de prins , j . & de prins , w . , 2013

sangmi lee , richard brown & sibyl bucheli . gelechioidea - a global framework ;

[ maps ] warning ! the maps are automatically generated from the textual information , and the process does not always produce acceptable result ; see about maps for more info .

the moths of america north of mexico including greenland . fascicle 7 . 1 . gelechioidea , gelechiidae ( part ) , dichomeridinae

walsingham , 1881 on the tortricidae , tineidae , and pterophoridae of south africa trans . ent . soc . 1881 ( 2 ) : 219 - 288 , pl . 10 - 13

if you have corrections , comments or information to add into these pages , just send mail to markku savela keep in mind that the taxonomic information is copied from various sources , and may include many inaccuracies . expert help is welcome .

html public " - / / w3c / / dtd html 4 . 01 transitional / / en " " urltoken "

nb : the taxon name search is for single names only . for example , to locate dysodia vitrina flammata warren , 1904 you should enter flammata only .

we use cookies to optimise your experience when using this site . view our cookie policy and our new privacy notice .

there are several matrix . why not try to find a fault ? type something to search . . .

boğaziçi hava taşımacılığı ( bht , bosphorus air transport ) , named after boğaziçi ( turkish for bosphorus ) , was a turkish charter cargo / passenger airline that operated for two years starting in 1987 .

popular : trivia , history , america , television , tv , usa , geography , world , . . . more

html public " - / / w3c / / dtd xhtml 1 . 1 / / en " " urltoken "


it is the southernmost population of the char genus salvelinus and is considered a relict in its region .

it is usually considered a subspecies of the whitespotted char salvelinus leucomaenis but was listed as a separate species in the iucn red list ( 1996 ) .

other subspecies of the whitespotted char s. leucomaenis have , however , been introduced in the area of the kirikuchi char , which has led to extensive hybridization .

kirikuchi char remain in two separate headwater streams of the totsu river system , and they retain little genetic variation .

kirikuchi char

kirikuchi char <EOT> kirikuchi char - urdu meaning and translation of kirikuchi char , translation , multiple word search ( seperate words with space ) , english to urdu machine translation of kirikuchi char and more .

the kirikuchi char , salvelinus leucomaenis japonicus , is a freshwater fish in the salmonidae family . content licensed under creative commons attribution . source : urltoken

in its region . other fish of the same genus have , however , been introduced in the area , and the kirikuchi char is hybridizing with them extensively .

the kirikuchi char , salvelinus leucomaenis japonicus , is a freshwater fish in the salmonidae family . it is endemic to the kii peninsula of central honshu in japan .

occurrence of deformed fish and their fitness - related traits in kirikuchi charr , salvelinus leucomae . . .

loss of genetic variation and effective population size of kirikuchi charr : implications for the man . . .

sato t ; demise t ; kubota h ; nagoshi m ; watanabe k ( 2010 ) hybridization , isolation , and low genetic diversity of kirikuchi char , the southernmost populations of the genus salvelinus transactions of the american fisheries society 39 2010 , 1758 - 1774 .

. . . the kirikuchi char salvelinus leucomaenis japonicus , the southernmost nonanadromous population of the genus salvelinus , is endemic to the kii peninsula , central honshu , japan , and is a genetically and morphologically distinct local population of s . leucomaenis ( hosoya 2000 ; yamamoto et al . 2004 ; see also sato 2007 ) . this char is now categorized as endangered on the international union for conservation of nature ( iucn ) red list ( iucn 2008 ) and as a threatened local population in the japanese ministry of the environment ' s red data book ( tanaka 2003 ) . . . .

kirikuchi charr , salvelinus leucomaenis japonicus , is the southernmost population of the genus salvelinus . it is endemic to the kii peninsula , central honshu island , japan . as a consequence of anthropogenic disturbances , a few populations of kirikuchi charr with low genetic diversity now survive only in small , isolated habitats . this study investigated the occurrence of deformed individuals . . . [ show full abstract ]

kirikuchi char ( salvelinus leucomaenis japonicus ) in part of a tributary of the kiso river in nagano prefecture , japan . video credit : bys488 license : cc by 3 . 0 : urltoken details of the licenses can be found on this channel ' s " about " page . link to this video’s license : urltoken in this video , no changes or modifications have been made to the original material . - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -

. . . in the past , kirikuchi charr populations persisted as a large metapopulation in the drainage . however , their habitats have recently been reduced and fragmented by human - induced factors , such as the construction of erosion - control dams and stocking of non - native salmonids ( sato , 2007 ) . consequently , the two kirikuchi charr populations would persist in unnatural , above - waterfall habitats through the stocking of some individuals by local fishermen , indicating that the time since the fragmentation of the two populations is relatively short , probably several decades to 100 years . . . .

. . . japanese fi sheries biologists are making a dedicated effort to protect the kirikuchi charr ( a trout ) , salvelinus leucomaenis japonicas ( fig . 9 . 1 ) . threatened by over - fi shing and habitat destruction , the charr occurs in a few remaining watersheds ( sato 2007 ) . to understand how to save the charr , biologists track tagged fi sh , monitoring their diet and growth rate . . . .

html public " - / / w3c / / dtd xhtml 1 . 0 strict / / en " " urltoken "

thank you for taking the time to provide feedback on the iucn red list of threatened species website , we are grateful for your input .

gland , switzerland , 5 july 2018 ( iucn ) – australia’s unique reptiles – including lizards and snakes – face severe threats from invasive species and climate change , with 7 % of th . . .

the value of medicinal and aromatic plant trade has increased three - fold in the past 20 years , but traditional harvesting practices are being replaced by less sustainable alternatives . . . .

a recently released iucn technical brief recommends increasing investments in sustainable land management practices , as well as better cooperation between agriculturalists and conservationists to conse . . .

to make use of this information , please check the < terms of use > .

whats wrong with secretary kim 영준이 재능교육 시작했니 ? ( 자기의 일은 스스로 . . . 하지마 . . . ) 180704 ep . 9

html public " - / / w3c / / dtd xhtml 1 . 0 transitional / / en " " urltoken "

this article will be permanently flagged as inappropriate and made unaccessible to everyone . are you certain this article is inappropriate ?

this article was sourced from creative commons attribution - sharealike license ; additional terms may apply . world heritage encyclopedia content is assembled from numerous content providers , open access publishing , and in compliance with the fair access to science and technology research act ( fastr ) , wikimedia foundation , inc . , public library of science , the encyclopedia of life , open book publishers ( obp ) , pubmed , u . s . national library of medicine , national center for biotechnology information , u . s . national library of medicine , national institutes of health ( nih ) , u . s . department of health & human services , and urltoken , which sources content from all federal , state , local , tribal , and territorial government publication portals ( . gov , . mil , . edu ) . funding for urltoken and content contributors is made possible from the u . s . congress , e - government act of 2002 .

crowd sourced content that is contributed to world heritage encyclopedia is peer reviewed and edited by our editorial staff to ensure quality scholarly research articles .

by using this site , you agree to the terms of use and privacy policy . world heritage encyclopedia™ is a registered trademark of the world public library association , a non - profit organization .

copyright © world library foundation . all rights reserved . ebooks from project gutenberg are sponsored by the world library foundation , a 501c ( 4 ) member ' s support non - profit organization , and is not affiliated with any governmental agency or department .

kottelat , m . 1996 . salvelinus japonicus . 2006 iucn red list of threatened species . downloaded on 5 august 2007 .

eol content is automatically assembled from many different content providers . as a result , from time to time you may find pages on eol that are confusing .

to request an improvement , please leave a comment on the page . thank you !

for full functionality of researchgate it is necessary to enable javascript . here are the instructions how to enable javascript in your web browser .

dramatic decline in population abundance of salvelinus leucomaenis after a severe flood and debris f . . .

a dramatic change in population abundance of salvelinus leucomaenis following a catastrophic flood event was investigated . population density declined by c . 98 % after the flood in a river section affected by debris flow . the isolation of the affected population and habitat change caused by flooding may have impeded population recovery .

this study explored the risk of predation by trout ( non - host predator ) on adult hairworms gordionus chinensis . ten percent of trout ( 18 out of 187 trout ) ingested adult hairworms in a japanese headwater stream of the totsu river . all hairworms were ingested by trout that had also ingested their insect definitive hosts ( camel crickets : tachycines elegantissima and t . asynamorus ) . trout had . . . [ show full abstract ]

the present study examined fish assemblages in ten tributaries with different environmental characteristics in the upper drainages of the agano river system , northern honshu , japan . seven fish species ( five families ) were found in the 10 tributaries examined . white - spotted charr salvelinus leucomaenis and sculpin cottus pollux were common in almost all tributaries . masu salmon onchorhynchus . . . [ show full abstract ]

small , isolated populations may face extinction due to a combination of inbreeding depression and other threats . effective population size ( ne ) is one comprehensive measure that allows us to evaluate the genetic status of a population , and to make management decisions regarding genetic viability . we simulated loss of genetic variation and estimated ne for two small , isolated populations of . . . [ show full abstract ]


aroga compositella , the six-spotted aroga moth , is a moth of the family gelechiidae .

it is found in the united states , where it has been recorded from alabama , colorado , florida , georgia , louisiana , maine , massachusetts , mississippi , new hampshire , north carolina , oklahoma , south carolina , tennessee , texas and wisconsin .

the wingspan is 15 – 16 mm .

the forewings are deep purplish black with five pure white markings , namely , an outwardly oblique costal white streak near the base , reaching the fold .

an elliptical white spot is found on the middle of the wing and there is an angulate white costal spot at the beginning of the cilia , as well as an opposite small dorsal white spot and a small white dot on the fold , below and forward of the central spot .

just before the apex a few single white scales are found .

the hindwings are dark fuscous .

aroga compositella

aroga compositella <EOT> aroga compositella ( walker , 1864 ) replaces aroga coloradensis ( busck 1903 ) .

species aroga compositella - six - spotted aroga - hodges # 2187 - bugguide . net

moved from aroga coloradensis . aroga coloradensis ( busck , 1903 ) is a synonym for aroga compositella ( walker 1864 )

aroga temporariella sattler , 1960 ; rev . fr . ent . 27 : 236

aroga mesostrota ; park , 1991 , ann . hist . - nat . mus . hung . 83 : 120

aroga argutiola hodges , 1974 ; can . ent . 106 ( 9 ) : 987 ; tl : michigan , alcona co .

aroga atraphaxi bidzilya , 2009 ; shilap revta lepid . 37 ( 147 ) : 301 ; tl : tadzhikistan , kondara , 1100m

aroga panchuli bidzilya , 2009 ; shilap revta lepid . 37 ( 147 ) : 302 ; tl : tadzhikistan , kondara , 1400m

aroga balcanicola huemer & karsholt , 1999 ; microlep . europe 3 : 160 , 32 ; tl : maced . occ . drenovo bei kavadar

aroga mesostrepta ; [ nhm card ] ; bae , lee & park , 2014 , ent . res . 44 : 19 ( list )

aroga alleriella busck , 1940 ; bull . s . calif . acad . sci . 39 ( 2 ) : 89 ; tl : alabama , mobile

aroga controvalva li & zheng , 1998 ; acta ent . sinica 41 ( 1 ) : 87 , 89 ; tl : chengcheng , shaanxi , 1000m

aroga danfengensis li & zheng , 1998 ; acta ent . sinica 41 ( 1 ) : 85 , 89 ; tl : danfeng , shaanxi , 680m

aroga gozmanyi park , 1991 ; ann . hist . - nat . mus . hung . 83 : 117 ; tl : mt kumgang , kangweon prov . , korea

aroga epigaeella ; [ nacl ] , # 2189 ( rev . stat . ) ; [ nhm card ] ; lee , hodges & brown , 2009 , zootaxa 2231 : 21

aroga flavicomella ; [ nhm card ] ; park & ponomarenko , 2006 , shilap revta . lepid . 34 ( 135 ) : 280 ; [ me3 ] , 157 , 32 ; [ fe ]

aroga websteri clarke , 1942 ; proc . u . s . nat . mus . 92 ( 3149 ) : 273 , pl . 29 , f . 5 - 5c , pl . 32 , f . 15 ; tl : pullman , washington

photographs are the copyrighted property of each photographer listed . contact individual photographers for permission to use for any purpose .

gelechia acharnaea meyrick , 1927 ; exot . microlep . 3 ( 11 ) : 348 ; tl : texas , alpine , 7000ft

seu , turkey , urals , iran , turkmenia , . . . . see [ maps ]

larva on atraphaxis pyrifolia bidzilya , 2009 , shilap revta lepid . 37 ( 147 ) : 302

gelechia camptogramma meyrick , 1931 ; exotic microlep . 4 ( 2 - 4 ) : 58

gelechia chlorocrana meyrick , 1931 ; exotic microlep . 4 ( 11 ) : 348 ; tl : texas , forestburg

gelechia eldorada keifer , 1936 ; calif . dept . agric . , bull . 25 : 240

= gelechia trialbamaculella ; busck , 1903 , proc . u . s . nat . mus . 25 ( 1304 ) : 858

gelechia eriogonella clarke , 1935 ; can . ent . 67 : 247 ; tl : washington , whitman co . , pullman

korea , seu , s . russia , irkutsk , buryatia , kazakhstan . see [ maps ]

larva on prunus spp . , p . spinosa , p . domestica , p . cerasus [ me3 ] , 158

gelechia leucanieella busck , 1910 ; proc . ent . soc . wash . 11 ( 4 ) : 180 ; tl : san diego , california

gelechia morenella busck , 1908 ; ent . news 19 ( 7 ) : 317 ; tl : morena and pine valley , san diego , california

larva on atraphaxis pyrifolia bidzilya , 2009 , shilap revta lepid . 37 ( 147 ) : 303

gelechia paraplutella busck , 1910 ; proc . ent . soc . wash . 11 ( 4 ) : 181 ; tl : san diego , california

gelechia paulella busck , 1903 ; proc . u . s . nat . mus . 25 ( 1304 ) : 865 ; tl : arizona ; colorado

gelechia rigidae clarke , 1935 ; can . ent . 67 : 249 ; tl : washington , whitman co . , rock lake

gelechia trialbamaculella chambers , 1875 ; cincinnati q . j . sci . 2 ( 3 ) : 250

gelechia unifasciella busck , 1903 ; proc . u . s . nat . mus . 25 ( 1304 ) : 865 ; tl : arizona , williams

gelechia xyloglypta meyrick , 1923 ; exot . microlep . 3 ( 1 - 2 ) : 22 ; tl : california , venice

[ afromoths ] de prins , j . & de prins , w . , 2013

sangmi lee , richard brown & sibyl bucheli . gelechioidea - a global framework ;

[ maps ] warning ! the maps are automatically generated from the textual information , and the process does not always produce acceptable result ; see about maps for more info .

expedition of the california academy of sciences to the gulf of california in 1921 . the tineid moths

studien über die lepidopterenfauna der balkanländer . iii . teil . sammelergebnisse aus montenegro , albanien , mazedonien und thrazien

if you have corrections , comments or information to add into these pages , just send mail to markku savela keep in mind that the taxonomic information is copied from various sources , and may include many inaccuracies . expert help is welcome .

html public " - / / w3c / / dtd xhtml 1 . 0 transitional / / en " " urltoken "

upcoming events 2018 bugguide gathering in virginia july 27 - 29 : registration and discussion photos of insects and people from the 2015 gathering in wisconsin , july 10 - 12 photos of insects and people from the 2014 gathering in virginia , june 4 - 7 . photos of insects and people from the 2013 gathering in arizona , july 25 - 28 photos of insects and people from the 2012 gathering in alabama photos of insects and people from the 2011 gathering in iowa photos from the 2010 workshop in grinnell , iowa photos from the 2009 gathering in washington

disclaimer : dedicated naturalists volunteer their time and resources here to provide this service . we strive to provide accurate information , but we are mostly just amateurs attempting to make sense of a diverse natural world . if you need expert professional advice , contact your local extension office .

contributors own the copyright to and are solely responsible for contributed content . click the contributor ' s name for licensing and usage information . everything else copyright © 2003 - 2018 iowa state university , unless otherwise noted .

. . . . vargo ' s specimen at mpg spread to 19mm ( your moth is a little smaller but sizes vary a lot ) and the moth does appear on heppner ' s list for florida species .

select your preferred way to display the comments and click ' save settings ' to activate your changes .

confused by a class within a class or an order within an order ? please see our brief essay .

to cite this page : myers , p . , r . espinosa , c . s . parr , t . jones , g . s . hammond , and t . a . dewey . 2018 . the animal diversity web ( online ) . accessed at https : / / animaldiversity . org .

disclaimer : the animal diversity web is an educational resource written largely by and for college students . adw doesn ' t cover all species in the world , nor does it include all the latest scientific information about organisms we describe . though we edit our accounts for accuracy , we cannot guarantee all information in those accounts . while adw staff and contributors provide references to books and websites that we believe are reputable , we cannot necessarily endorse the contents of references beyond our control .

this material is based upon work supported by the national science foundation grants drl 0089283 , drl 0628151 , due 0633095 , drl 0918590 , and due 1122742 . additional support has come from the marisla foundation , um college of literature , science , and the arts , museum of zoology , and information and technology services .

scientists aim to describe a single ' tree of life ' that reflects the evolutionary relationships of living things . however , evolutionary relationships are a matter of ongoing discovery , and there are different opinions about how living things should be grouped and named . eol reflects these differences by supporting several different scientific ' classifications ' . some species have been named more than once . such duplicates are listed under synonyms . eol also provides support for common names which may vary across regions as well as languages .

eol content is automatically assembled from many different content providers . as a result , from time to time you may find pages on eol that are confusing .

to request an improvement , please leave a comment on the page . thank you !

80x5 - 240x3 - 240x4 - 320x1 - 320x2 - 320x3 - 640x1 - 640x2 set display option above . click on images to enlarge .


the grey-eyed greenlet ( hylophilus amaurocephalus ) is a species of bird in the family vireonidae .

it is found in bolivia and brazil .

its natural habitats are subtropical or tropical dry forests , subtropical or tropical moist lowland forests , subtropical or tropical dry shrubland , and heavily degraded former forest .

grey - eyed greenlet

grey - eyed greenlet <EOT> gray - eyed greenlet ( hylophilus amaurocephalus ) , photographed in afonso cláudio , espírito santo - southeast of brazil . atlantic forest biome .

html public " - / / w3c / / dtd xhtml 1 . 0 strict / / en " " urltoken "

thank you for taking the time to provide feedback on the iucn red list of threatened species website , we are grateful for your input .

sacc . 2005 and updates . a classification of the bird species of south america . available at : urltoken .

justification : this species has an extremely large range , and hence does not approach the thresholds for vulnerable under the range size criterion ( extent of occurrence < 20 , 000 km2 combined with a declining or fluctuating range size , habitat extent / quality , or population size and a small number of locations or severe fragmentation ) . the population trend is not known , but the population is not believed to be decreasing sufficiently rapidly to approach the thresholds under the population trend criterion ( > 30 % decline over ten years or three generations ) . the population size has not been quantified , but it is not believed to approach the thresholds for vulnerable under the population size criterion ( < 10 , 000 mature individuals with a continuing decline estimated to be > 10 % in ten years or three generations , or with a specified population structure ) . for these reasons the species is evaluated as least concern .

the global population size has not been quantified , but this species is described as ' common ' ( stotz et al . ( 1996 ) .

map edited : shaded the two disyunct populations in beni ( bolivia ) and w mato grosso ( brazil ) . eoo updated .

( amended version of 2016 assessment ) . the iucn red list of threatened species 2017 : e . t22705276a118694105 .

to make use of this information , please check the < terms of use > .

hbw alive contains information on descriptive notes , voice , habitat , food and feeding , breeding , movements , status and conservation plus a list of bibliographical references for this species account .

no flash player has been set up . please select a player to play flash videos .

recommended citation birdlife international ( 2018 ) species factsheet : hylophilus amaurocephalus . downloaded from urltoken on 09 / 07 / 2018 . recommended citation for factsheets for more than one species : birdlife international ( 2018 ) iucn red list for birds . downloaded from urltoken on 09 / 07 / 2018 .

english spanish online dictionary term bank , where you can search in more than 2 million words in categories and different pronunciation options .

html public " - / / w3c / / dtd xhtml 1 . 0 transitional / / en " " urltoken "

we ' ve sent an email to please follow the instructions to reset your password .

enter your log in email address and we ' ll send you a link to reset your password .

if is associated with an alamy account you ' ll receive an email with instructions on how to reset your password .

' vite - vite - de - olho - cinza ( hylophilus amaurocephalus ) fotografado em afonso claudio , espírito santo - sudeste do brasil . bioma mata atlântica . registr


the siberian crane ( leucogeranus leucogeranus ) , also known as the siberian white crane or the snow crane , is a bird of the family gruidae , the cranes .

they are distinctive among the cranes , adults are nearly all snowy white , except for their black primary feathers that are visible in flight and with two breeding populations in the arctic tundra of western and eastern russia .

the eastern populations migrate during winter to china while the western population winters in iran and formerly , in india and nepal .

among the cranes , they make the longest distance migrations .

their populations , particularly those in the western range , have declined drastically in the 20th century due to hunting along their migration routes and habitat degradation .

the world population was estimated in 2010 at about 3,200 birds , mostly belonging to the eastern population with about 95 % of them wintering in the poyang lake basin in china , a habitat that may be altered by the three gorges dam .

in western siberia there are only around ten of these cranes in the wild .

siberian crane

siberian crane <EOT> international crane foundation ( icf ) . 2007 . siberian crane . retrieved july 28 , 2007 .

kashentseva , tatiana . 2008 . siberian crane propagation in oka crane breeding center in 2007 . – siberian crane flyway news . no 9 : 11 ( in russian and english ) .

the crane to live the longest was a siberian crane with the name wolf . it lived for 83 years .

kashentseva , tatiana . 2008 . siberian crane propagation in oka crane breeding center , russia , in 2008 . – siberian crane flyway news . no 10 : 23 ( in russian and english ) .

english : great white crane , siberian white crane , asiatic white crane ; french : grue de sibérie ; german : schneekranich ; spanish : grulla siberiana .

the oldest documented crane in the world was a siberian crane named wolf , who died at the age of 83 at the international crane center in wisconsin .

belyalova , l . , and s . fundikchiev . 2007 . siberian crane sighting in samarkand region , uzbekistan . – siberian crane flyway news . no 9 : 6

fazeli , azin . 2007 . siberian crane national stamp published in iran . – siberian crane flyway news . no 9 : 14 ( in russian and english ) .

tseveenmydag , n . 2007 . siberian crane records in mongolia in 2007 . – siberian crane flyway news . no 9 : 4 ( in russian and english ) .

tseveenmydag , n . 2008 . siberian crane records in mongolia in 2008 . – siberian crane flyway news . no 10 : 10 ( in russian and english ) .

vuosalo - tavakoli , ellen . 1989 . migratory behavior of the siberian crane in iran . – the palearctic crane workshop .

markin , yuri . 2008 . the siberian crane banding in yakutia . – siberian crane flyway news . no 10 : 16 - 17 ( in russian and english ) .

the range , status and winter ecology of the siberian crane ( gus leucogenanus ) .

shilina , a . p . 2001 . siberian crane 2001 . siberian crane release in armizon , south of the western siberia . crane working group of eurasia newsletter 3 : 30 ( in russian and english . )

burnham , james , and li fengshan . 2009 . the siberian crane capture in china . – siberian crane flyway news . no 10 : 22 ( in russian and english )

hornskov , jesper . 2008 . sighting of the siberian crane near beijing , china . – siberian crane flyway news . no 10 : 12 ( in russian and english ) .

parmasto , e . 1989 . palearctic crane workshop . – palearctic crane workshop .

for many years a single siberian crane has returned to its wintering grounds in . . .

rusanov , german . 2002 . siberian crane wintering and spring migration . western population . russia . siberian crane flyway news . no 2 : 5 ( in russian and english ) .

shilina , anastasia . 2008 . sightings of the siberian crane in west siberia in 2008 . – siberian crane flyway news . no 10 : 10 ( in russian and english ) .

some breeding observations on the siberian white crane grus leucogeranus in the kolyma lowlands . bird conserv

the siberian crane makes more musical sounds than other cranes , mostly flute - like calls .

prentice , crawford . 2007 . siberian crane wetland project steering committee meeting , bangkok , thailand . – siberian crane flyway news . no 9 : 19 ( in russian and english ) .

markin , yu . 2001 . siberian crane 2001 . siberian crane release in astrakhan reserve , south of the european part of russia . – crane working group of eurasia newsletter , 3 : 30 ( in russian and english ) .

sebastian , sunny . 1993 . the crane saga – experiments with siberian visitors . – conservation .

vardhan , harsh . 2002a . siberian crane wintering and spring migration . central population . india . – siberian crane flyway news . no 2 : 5 - 6 ( in russian and english ) .

vladimirtseva , m . 2008 . the siberian crane fall migration in okhotsky perevoz , yakutia , russia . – siberian crane flyway news . no 10 : 13 . ( in russian and english ) .

burnham , james , andjeb barzen . 2007 . siberian crane wetland project : regional programme report . internatioanl crane foundation . baraboo , 42 p .

landfried , s . e . 1984 . saving the siberian crane . –lawrencetoday : 4 - 9 .

osipov , igor . 2007 . spring migration of the siberian crane in northeast yakutia , russia , in 2007 . – siberian crane flyway news . no 9 : 7 ( in russian and english ) .

sadeghi zadegan , sadegh . 2007 . siberian crane release on the wintering grounds in iran in 2007 . – siberian crane flyway news . no 9 : 11 - 12 ( in russian and english ) .

leo shapiro selected " siberian crane " to show in overview on " grus leucogeranus pallas 1773 " .

kruskal - wallis test of the effects of development stage and habitat type on siberian crane activity time .

thus , the eastern population of the siberian crane is not specialized for foraging in the taiga wetlands .

mian , afsar . 1989 . crane migration through western baluchistan . – asia crane congress .

shilina , anastasia . 2007 . sightings of the siberian crane in west siberia , russia , during fall migration 2007 . – siberian crane flyway news . no 9 : 5 ( in russian and english ) .

panchenko , v . g . 1996 . international studbook : siberian crane . oka biosphere state nature reserve .

rusanov , german . 2007 . sighting of the siberian crane in astrakhannature reserve , russia , in the fall of 2007 . – siberian crane flyway news . no 9 : 7 ( in russian and english ) .

sadeghi zadegan , sadegh , and yuri markin . 2002 . siberian crane wintering and spring migration . western population . iran . – siberian crane flyway news . no 2 : 4 ( in russian and english ) .

semenov a . , and e . kolodeznykh . 2008 . siberian crane sightings in the lena river lowland in yakutia . – siberian crane flyway news . no 10 : 9 . ( in russian and english ) .

strelnikova , olga . 2008 . sightings of the siberian crane in khanty - mansi autonomous region , west siberia , russia . – siberian crane flyway news . no 10 : 11 ( in russian and english ) .

summary of the collected time budget data ( mean ) of siberian crane in different habitats by development stages .

the oldest documented crane was a siberian crane named wolf , who died at the age of 83 . wolf is in the guinness book of world records .

moore , sara gavney . 2009 . siberian crane migration study . – china crane news . vol . 13 : 1 ( in chinese and english ) .

upon confirmation of the fact of the nesting of siberian cranes in the delta of the ob river , 7 eggs of the wild siberian crane were taken and transferred from that area into the oka breeding center from 1981 to 1996 . in total , the “siberian crane” project used 43 siberian crane eggs and 36 eurasian crane eggs from nature . forty siberian crane eggs were transported from icf – they were laid by the first yakutian birds which started breeding in the usa . most of the birds raised from those eggs were released back into nature .

international crane foundation . 2002 . siberian crane news updates . hang - glider assisted migration takes off . – cms bulletin . no 16 : 16 - 17 .

ensure healthy populations of siberian crane populations in the amur - heilong basin of russia and china . we are :

recording contain 5 chirp calls of 30 - days - old human - raised siberian crane chick ( male ) .

recording contain 4 chirp calls of 164 - days - old human - raised siberian crane chick ( female ) .

recording contain 5 chirp calls of 37 - days - old human - raised siberian crane chick ( female ) .

recording contain 4 chirp calls of 145 - days - old human - raised siberian crane chick ( male ) .

anonymous . 1993 . siberian crane reintroduction attempt unsuccessful . – oriental bird club bulletin . no 17 : 12 .

sprouts were the primary forage for siberian crane at salt lick stopovers because they were readily extracted from the substratum .

qian fawen . 2003 . wintering siberian crane counted atpoyanglakein 2003 . – crane working group ofeurasianewsletter . no 6 : 6 - 7 ( in russian and english ) .

stishov , mikhail , and iinga bysykatova . 2008 . monitoring of the siberian crane breeding sites in kytalyk , yakutia , russia . – siberian crane flyway news . no 10 : 4 - 6 ( in russian and english ) .

anonymous . 1976 . siberian crane season . – the brolga bugle . vol . 3 ( 1 ) : 1 .

davis , malcolm . 1969 . siberian crane longevity . – auk . vol . 86 ( 2 ) : 347 .

jiang hongxing , and qian fawen . 2007 . summary of the meeting on monitoring the migration of the siberian crane in chinain 2006 / 2007 . – siberian crane flyway news . no 9 : 21 ( in russian and english ) .

research on optimal nesting sites of the eastern population of siberian crane in the tundra ( the indigirka river basin ) .

dense siberian crane and elk footprints , while fragments of green sprouts were observed on the exposed peat and peat mud .

degtyaryev , andrey , and maria vladimirtseva . 2007 . crane art in yakutsk . – siberian crane flyway news . no 9 : 15 ( in russian and english ) .

li fengshan . 2003 . siberian crane gef project . – china crane news . vol . 7 ( 1 ) : 6 - 7 ( in chinese and english ) .

kashentseva , t . a . 2002 . success of siberian crane breeding in captivity . – crane research : status and direction for the 21st century : abstracts of international crane workshop . – china crane news . vol . 6 supplement . beijing , china : china ornithological society , international crane foundation . p . 19 - 20 .

of the 15 species of cranes , only the sandhill crane ( grus canadensis ) , brolga crane ( grus rubicunda ) , demoiselle crane ( anthropoides virgo ) , eurasia crane or common crane ( grus grus ) , and gray crowned crane ( balearica regulorum ) are not listed as vulnerable , endangered , or critically endangered .

harris , james . 2009 . safe flyways for the siberian crane . a flyway approach conserves some of asia’s most beautiful wetands and waterbirds . international crane foundation . 99 p .

liu z , chen b ( 1991 ) the wintering ecology of the siberian crane . proceedings of 1987 international crane workshop . beijing : china forestry press . pp . 109–112 .

markin , yuri , and sergei sleptsov . 2008 . survey of the siberian crane breeding area in kytalyk , yakutia , russia , in 2008 . – siberian crane flyway news . no 10 : 8 - 9 ( in russian and english ) .

sadeghi zadegan , sadegh , and azin fazeli . 2008 . the siberian crane wintering in iran in winter 2007 / 2008 and 2008 / 2009 . – siberian crane flyway news . no 10 : 14 - 15 ( in russian and english ) .

vinogradov , v . v . 1982 . siberian white crane . – boolket . astrakhan . p . 1 - 6 .

shilina , a . p . 2003 . release of isolation reared siberian crane chicks at common crane staging areas . – acten - proceedings 4th european crane workshop 2000 . ed . alain salvi . fenetrange - france . p . 250 .

vuosalo - tavakoli , ellen . 1991 . the siberian crane in iran . – proceedings of 1987 international crane workshop . ed . james t . harris . baraboo , wis . : international crane foundation . p . 341 - 347 .

markin , yu . m . , and a . a . kashin . 2001 . siberian crane . release of siberian cranes in astrakhannature reserve . – crane working group of eurasianewsletter . moscow . no 3 : 30 ( in russian and english ) .

prentice , crawford , and milhail stishov . 2007 . avisit to the siberian crane staging areas in the aldan and maya river valleys of southern yakutiain 2006 . siberian crane flyway news . no 8 : 17 - 18 ( in russian and english ) .

devarshi , dhirendra . 2002 . siberian crane . central flyway . india . – crane working group of eurasianewsletter . moscow . no 3 : 31 ( in russian and english ) .

kashentseva , t . a . , and r . belterman . 2001 . international studbook : siberian crane grus leucogeranus . russia : oka crane breeding center . p . 1 - 37

moermond t . 2007 . sixth meeting of range states to siberian crane mou . – crane working group of eurasia newsletter 10 : 106 - 108 ( in russian and english ) .

embed this arkive thumbnail link ( " portlet " ) by copying and pasting the code below . < a href = " urltoken " title = " arkive video - siberian crane " > < img src = " urltoken " alt = " arkive video - siberian crane " title = " arkive video - siberian crane " border = " 0 " / > < / a >

osipova , m . a . 1996 . the siberian crane in the eastern part of the range . – third european crane workshop : european crane working group at “projekt kranichschutz deutschland” . straslund : wwf / / nabu . p . 42 .

goroshko , oleg . 2007 . sightings of siberian cranes on the daurian steppe , russia , in 2007 . – siberian crane flyway news . no 9 : 5 ( in russian and english ) .

hykle , douglas . 1993 . bonn convention actions for the siberian crane . – iwrb news . vol . 10 : 13 .

kumar , p . 1994a . vanishing visitors : the great white siberian crane . – frontline . p . 63 - 74 .

markin , yuri , svetlana bobkova , pavel rozhkov , vladimir drobyshevsky , and yuri zatsepin . 2005 . siberian crane reintroduction at belozersky wildlife refuge in 2004 . – siberian crane flyway news . no 6 : 5 - 6 ( in russian and english ) .

since its first epic flight for warmer climes , the male siberian crane has clocked up enough miles to circumnavigate the earth twice .

lanovenko , e . 2002 . siberian crane spring migration 2002 . central flyway . uzbekistan . crane working group of eurasianewsletter , 4 - 5 : 27 ( in russian and english ) .

markin , yu . , a . kovshar , and a . shilina . 2001 . a record of a common crane pair with siberian crane chick . – crane working group of eurasianewsletter . no 2 : 32 ( in russian and english ) .

tian xiuhua , and zhao guangying . 1997 . preliminary study on hematological indices of the hooded crane , red - crowned crane and siberian crane . – journal of bird world . vol . 23 : 38 - 41 . ( in chinese ) .

sadeghi zadegan , sadegh , azin fazeli , and kirill postelnykh . 2008 . release of the siberian crane on the wintering grounds in iran in autumn of 2008 . – siberian crane flyway news . no 10 : 23 - 24 ( in russian and english ) .

pokrovskaya , i . 2007 . the first finding of the siberian crane breeding site in west siberia . crane working group of eurasia newsletter , 10 : 84 ( in russian and english ) .

vuasalo - tavakoli , e . 2002 . siberian crane autumn migration 2002 . crane working group of eurasia newsletter . moscow . no 4 - 5 : 29 ( in russian and english ) .

anonymous . 1980 . wwf supports siberian crane at icf . – the brolga bugle . vol . 6 ( 2 ) : 4 .

archibald , george w . 1993b . the siberian crane : a status report . – cms bulletin no . 4 ( unpaginated ) .

landfried , s . e . 1982 . pakistan : new siberian crane data . – iucn bulletin . july / august / september .

sackl , peter . 2003 . siberian white crane . – british birds . vol . 96 ( 9 ) : 449 - 453 .

sinha , vivek . 2000 . unusual behaviour of a siberian crane . – hornbill ( july - september ) : 28 - 29 .

sudilovskaya , a . m . 1948 . siberian crane and its distribution . – nature protection . no 13 ( in russian ) .

will the three gorges dam affect the underwater light climate of vallisneria spiralis l . and food habitat of siberian crane in poyang lake ?

gree , n . gist , lacy i . moffett , and g . d . wilder . 1926 . atentative list of chinese birds . part 1 . bulletin no . 1 of the peking society of natural history . p . 1 - 370 . ( distribution of eurasian crane , red - crowned crane , hooded crane , black - necked crane , white - naped crane , siberian crane and demoiselle crane in china , see pp . 62 - 64 ) ( in english and chinese ) .

horwich , robert h . 1992 . isolated - rearing of siberian crane chicks in the international crane foundation . – proceedings , 1988 north american crane workshop , 22 - 24 february 1988 . eds : don a . wood . p . 244 - 248 .

bragin , e . a . 2001 . siberian crane - 2001 . kazakhstan . observations of the siberian cranes ( grus leucogeranus pall . ) at naurzum in 2001 . – crane working group of eurasia newsletter , 3 : 27 - 28 ( in russian and english ) .

belterman , r . 2005 . siberian crane propagation in western europein 2004 and 2005 . – crane working group of eurasia newsletter . no 9 : 69 - 70 ( in russian and english ) .

bragin , e . a . siberian crane records in kazakhstan from 2007 to 2010 . – crane working group of eurasia newsletter . no 11 : 50 - 51 ( in russian and english ) .

rozenfeld , s . b . a siberian crane sighting in azerbaijan in january 2010 . – crane working group of eurasia newsletter . moscow . no 11 : 74 ( in russian and english ) .

shevchenko , e . p . 2011 . siberian crane record in chaunskaya gulf , chukotka . – crane working group of eurasia newsletter . no 11 : 53 . ( in russian and english ) .

tseveenmyadag , n . 2011 . siberian crane records in mongolia from 2007 to 2010 . – crane working group of eurasia newsletter . no 11 : 53 - 55 ( in russian and english ) .

zou changlin . 2009 . migration status of siberian crane in momoge nr in spring 2009 . – china crane news . vol . 13 ( 1 ) : 3 ( in chinese and english ) .

the united nations environment program ( unep ) and the international crane foundation conducted the unep / gef siberian crane wetland project from 2003 to 2009 to protect and manage a network of sites across asia .

siberian cranes are the only crane species with serrated edges on their beaks . the serrations make gripping slippery prey , such as fish and frogs , much easier . siberian cranes also eat roots , berries and seeds .

english : japanese crane , manchurian crane ; french : grue du japon ; german : mandschurenkranich ; spanish : grulla manchü .

dong lingli . 2003 . siberian white crane studbook ( grus leucogeranus ) 2002 . beijing , china : beijing zoological gardens . 34 pp .

freeman , scott . 1984 . chinaestablishes refuge for siberian crane . – the icf bugle . vol . 10 ( 1 ) : 1 .

futehally , z . 1992 . the siberian crane . – newsletter for birdwatchers . vol . 32 ( 9 & 10 ) : 2 .

unep , and cms , ed . 1996 . siberian crane memorandum of understanding . – cms bulletin . no 5 , 6 : 5 .

unep , and cms , ed . 2001 . siberian crane wetlands gef meeting . – cms bulletin . no 13 . p . 18 .

davidson , neil . a possible hybrid common crane ( gg ) x siberian white crane ( gl ) inturkey . – bulletin ornithological society , middle east . vol . 15 ( 1 ) : 3 .

kashentseva , t . , and r . belterman . 2007 . the international siberian crane studbook . – crane working group of eurasia newsletter , 10 : 51 - 53 ( in russian and english ) .

qian fawen . 2004 . the 2nd guilding committee meeting of “siberian crane gef project” was held inbeijing . china crane news . vol . 8 ( 1 ) : 39 ( in chinese and english ) .

tseveenmydag , n . 2005 . summer sightings of the siberian crane in mongolia in 2004 . – crane working group of eurasia newsletter . no 9 : 22 - 23 ( in russian and english ) .

vuosalo - tavakoli , ellen . 2011 . siberian crane wintering in iran in 2010 / 11 . – crane working group of eurasia newsletter , 11 : 74 - 75 ( in russian and english ) .

zhou jingying . 2003 . spring migration of siberian crane at tumuji national nature reserve , 2003 . – china crane news . vol . 7 ( 2 ) : 9 ( in chinese and english ) .

the international crane foundation ( icf ) is a cms partner organization that provides the technical coordination of the mou through the position of the siberian crane flyway coordinator , which is co - funded by cms .

shaw tsen - hwang . 1936 . the birds of hopei province . – zoologia sinica . series b . the vertebrates of china . vol . 15 . fan memorial institute of biology , peiping ( peking ) china . p . 1 - 974 . ( description and distribution of common crane , hooded crane , red - crowned crane , white - naped crane , siberian crane and demoiselle crane in china – see pp . 319 - 328 . ) .

bysykatova i . p . , m . v . vladimirtseva , and s . m . sleptsov . 2010 . spring migrations of the siberian crane in yakutia . – siberian ecological journal . novosibirsk ( in russian ) .

smirenski , sergei . 2008 . the sightings of siberian cranes in muraviovka park , amur region , during spring migration 2008 . siberian crane flyway news . no 10 : 12 - 13 ( in russian and english ) .

these crane species occur as two distinct populations , arctic east siberian ( between the yana and the alazeya rivers in yakutia ) group and west siberian ( the river basins of the ob , konda and sossva ) group .

liu zhiyong , and chen bin . 1991 . the wintering ecology of the siberian crane . – proceedings of 1987 international crane workshop . ed . james t . harris . baraboo , wis . : international crane foundation . ( chapter 3 ) : 109 - 112 .

english : little brown crane , canadian crane ; french : grue du canada ; german : kanadakranich ; spanish : grulla canadiense .

tokarskaya , olga n . , et al . 1996 . analysis of relatedness and genetic diversity in the siberian crane by dna fingerprinting . – 3rd european crane workshop : european crane working group at “project kranichschutz deutschland” . stralsund : wwf / / nabu . p . 52 .

wu zhigang , han xiaodong , and wang li . 1987 . observations of migratory siberian crane at momoge nature reserve . – proceedings 1987 international crane workshop . ed . james t . harris . baraboo , wis . : international crane foundation . p . 135 - 138 .

archibald , george w . 1996 . conservation of siberian cranes inwest asia . – 3rd european crane workshop : european crane working group at “projekt kranichschutz deutschland” . stralsund : wwf / nabu . p . 19 .

goroshko , o . s . 2002 . siberian crane . eastern flyway . russia . dauria . – crane working group of eurasia newsletter . moscow . no 3 : 31 ( in russian and english ) .

ilyashenko , e . i . 2003 . siberian crane migration according to ptt data . – crane working group of eurasianewsletter . moscow . no . 6 : 14 - 15 ( in russian and english ) .

smirenski , s . 2007 . sighting of the siberian crane in amur region in 2006 . - crane working group of eurasia newsletter . moscow . no . 10 : 38 ( in russian and english ) .

wang hui . 2007 . sighting of the siberian crane in yancheng nnr , china , in 2006 . – crane working group of eurasia . moscow . no 10 : 44 ( in russian and english ) .

yang zhaofeng ( translator ) . 1999 . research information of central population of siberian crane . – china crane news . vol . 3 ( 2 ) : 22 - 23 ( in chinese and english ) .

yang zhaofeng ( translator ) . 2002 . results of the 4th meeting of siberian crane range states . – china crane news . vol . 6 ( 1 ) : 41 ( in chinese and english ) .

nagendran , meenakshi . 1995 . crane conservation efforts : siberian , sandhill and whooping cranes , with emphasis on the siberian crane . – the proceedings of the fourth annual international crane symposium : “people , water and wildlife : human population impacts on cranes” . ed . tim wohlgenant . boulder , colorado : national audubon society . p . 11 - 15 .

bhatnagar , r . 1980 . acase of tumour in siberian crane . – newsletter for birdwatchers . vol . 20 ( 4 ) : 16 .

brar , arvinder s . 1994 . land of the siberian crane . – sanctuary . vol . 14 ( 4 ) : 14 - 21 .

sauey , ronald t . 1981 . saving the siberian crane . an international effort . – span , 22 ( 5 ) : 21 - 25

vorobjev , k . a . 1965 . siberian crane in yakutia . – nature . no 4 : 88 - 90 ( in russian ) .

calls and songs : sounds by xeno - canto the siberian crane utters more musical sounds than the other cranes , usually flute - like calls .

) . siberian cranes were observed foraging in the shallow water during the whole winter , and we did not find a single crane on grasslands .

proceedings of the project completion workshop of the unep / gef siberian crane wetland project , 14 - 15 october , 2009 , harbin , china .

one of these was reportedly a regular stopover location for several hundred siberian cranes .

in the early 1970s , there were fewer than 10 siberian cranes in captivity worldwide . they had never reproduced in captivity . adopting a different approach , captive populations of siberian cranes were established from eggs collected from wild siberian cranes in eastern siberia through collaboration between the international crane foundation ( icf ) in the usa and oka state nature reserve in russia . the first captive breeding was achieved at icf in 1981 with the birth of siberian crane , «dushenka» .

germogenov , nikolai , sergei sleptsov , inga bysykatova , and maria vladimirtseva . 2007 . russian - chinese joint field work on research of the siberian crane eastern population in momoge nnr , china . – siberian crane flyway news . no 9 : 8 - 9 ( in russian and english ) .

naumov , p . p . 1979 . siberian crane in kirenga . – migration and ecology of birds in siberia . yakutsk : yakutian branch of siberian division , ussracademyof sciences . p . 97 . ( in russian ) . .

embed this arkive thumbnail link ( " portlet " ) by copying and pasting the code below . < a href = " urltoken " title = " arkive species - siberian crane ( leucogeranus leucogeranus ) " > < img src = " urltoken " alt = " arkive species - siberian crane ( leucogeranus leucogeranus ) " title = " arkive species - siberian crane ( leucogeranus leucogeranus ) " border = " 0 " / > < / a >

bragin , e . a . 2007 . the siberian crane sightings in kazakhstanduring migrations 2006 and 2007 . – crane working group of eurasia newsletter . no 10 : 26 - 28 ( in russian and english ) .

parilov , m . 2007 . the siberian crane sighting in ganukan wildlife refuge in 2007 . – crane working group of eurasia newsletter . moscow . no 10 : 38 - 39 ( in russian and english ) .

prentice , crawford . 2003 . unep / gef siberian crane wetlands project meeting in moscowand tehran . – crane working group of eurasianewsletter . moscow . no 6 : 33 - 34 ( in russian and english ) .

su liying . 2011 . some stopover records for the siberian crane in 2010 and 2011 in china . – crane working group of eurasia newsletter . no 11 : 60 - 62 ( in russian and english ) .

archibald , george w . 1981c . a siberian crane chick ! – the brolga bugle . vol . 7 ( 3 ) : 1 , 3 .

landfried , s . e . 1983 . saving the siberian crane : another step . – wwf - pakistan newsletter . vol . 2 ( 1 )

maguire , kelly . 1999 . project sterkh : summary of siberian crane reintroduction program 1983 - 1998 . – conservation measures for the siberian crane : cms technical series publication no . 1 . eds . unep / cms . bonn , germany : unep / cms secretariat . p . 153 - 173 .

scheiffer , h . 1985 . to siberian crane protection . – unsere jagd . vol . 35 ( 2 ) : 62 ( in german ) .

the iucn ( international union for conservation of nature ) has categorized and evaluated these siberian crane species and has listed them as " critically endangered " .

the historic breeding area of the siberian crane extended from the ural mountains south to the ishim and tobol rivers , and east to the kolyma region .

potapov e ( 1992 ) some breeding observations on the siberian white crane grus leucogeranus in the kolyma lowlands . bird conserv . internatn 2 : 149–156 .

elk activity led to areas of peat exposure in bogs where the availability of edible grass rhizomes and readily extractable sprouts were increased for the siberian crane .

soviet working group for crane research . 1995 . siberian crane project : a five - year plan . - crane research and protection in europe . a . proceedings of the palaearctic crane workshop in tallinn , estonia , 1989 . ed . hartwig prange . halle - wittenberg : martin - luther - universitaat / / lufthansa . p . 305 - 307 .

andronov , v . a . 2002 . siberian crane . eastern flyway . russia . jewish autonomous region . – crane working group of eurasia newsletter . moscow . no 3 : 31 ( in russian and english ) .

ilyashenko , e . ( author - compiler ) . 2010 . atlas for the siberian crane and other waterbirds in western / central asia . international crane foundation , baraboo , usa , 130 p . ( russian version )

lanovenko , e . 2004 . geography and phenology of siberian crane sightings in uzbekistan . – crane working group of eurasia newsletter . moscow . no 7 - 8 : 66 - 68 ( in russian and english ) .

majin , ch . 2004 . brief information on the fall migration of the siberian crane . azerbaijan . – crane working group of eurasia newsletter , 7 - 8 : 61 , 63 ( in russian and english ) .

qian fawen . 2005 . report on monitoring the migration of siberian crane inchina , 2004 - 2005 . – china crane news . vol . 9 ( 2 ) : 24 - 25 ( in chinese and english ) .

rusanov , g . m . 2003 . siberian crane spring migration 2003 . western flyway . russia . – crane working group of eurasianewsletter . moscow . no 6 : 12 - 13 ( in russian and english ) .

rusanov , g . m . 2011 . sighting of the siberian crane in astrakhannature reserve in the fall of 2007 . – crane working group of eurasia newsletter . no 11 : 52 ( in russian and english ) .

maksudov , g . , and t . kashentseva . 2002 . sperm storage and sperm competition in artificially inseminated siberian cranes . – crane research : status and direction for the 21st century . abstracts of international crane workshop . china crane news . vol 6 supplement . beijing , china : china ornithological society , international crane foundation . p . 20 - 21 .

sorokin , a . g . , a . p . shilina , yu . m . markin . 2002 . ten years of siberian crane introduction in west siberia : results and perspectives . – crane research : status and direction for the 21st century , abstracts of international crane workshop . china crane news . vol . 6 supplement . beijing , china : china ornithological society , international crane foundation . p . 38 - 39 .

siberian cranes sometimes cause root damage to crops as they feed on roots and shoots .

siberian cranes migrate to the arctic tundra to breed in late april and early may .

this is exemplified by data obtained on the fat reserves of three migrating siberian cranes .

the siberian crane flyway coordination enhances communication among the large network of scientists , governmental agencies , biologists , private organizations , and citizens involved with siberian crane conservation . since 2002 , dr . george archibald has traveled yearly to afghanistan and pakistan to augment awareness programs that contribute to safer migrations for siberian cranes . he also works with the united arab emirates to support migration corridor conservation in western asia .

archibald , george w . 1981a . last call for the siberian crane . – natural history . vol . 90 ( 3 ) : 58 - 61 .

archibald , george w . 1983 . siberian crane eggs fly east . – the brolga bugle . vol . 9 ( 3 ) : 1 , 3 .

harrap , s . 1987 . comments on historical records of the siberian white crane in turkey . – ocme bull . no 19 : 18 - 19 .

landfried , s . e . 1982 . siberian crane stamp soon a reality . – the icf bugle . vol . 8 ( 4 ) : 4 .

mirande , claire m . 2003 . my life with siberian crane . – the icf bugle . vol . 29 ( 3 ) : 6 - 7 .

shiirevdamba , ts . , ed . 1997 . siberian crane . – mongolian red book . ulaanbaatar . p . 115 ( in mongolian and russian ) .

sinha , v . r . 1991 . arequiem for the siberian crane . – sanctuary asia . vol . xi ( 1 ) : 26 - 35 .

vuosalo - tavakoli , ellen . 1989 . conservation policy for siberian cranes in iran . – asia crane congress . typescript . p . 1 - 7 .

bragin , e . a . 2003 . the siberian crane spring migration 2003 . western flyway . kazakhstan . – crane working group of eurasianewsletter . moscow . no 6 : 12 - 13 ( in russian and english ) .

lanovenko , e . 2005 . winter ecology of the eurasian cranein uzbekistan : existing conditions for the siberian crane reintroduction . – crane working group of eurasia newsletter , 9 : 52 - 54 ( in russian and english ) .

liu yunzheng , and jia daojing . 2004 . observation on the feeding behavior of wintering siberian crane inpoyanglake . – china crane news . vol . 8 ( 1 ) : 7 - 8 ( in chinese and english ) .

markin , yuri , and sadegh sadeghi zadegan . 2007 . the siberian crane release in iranin winter 2006 / 2007 . – crane working group of eurasianewsletter . moscow . no 10 : 54 ( in russian and english ) .

qian fawen , and simba chan . 2007 . sighting of a banded siberian crane in yellow river delta , china . – crane working group of eurasia . moscow . no 10 : 61 ( in russian and english ) .

tseveenmyadag , n . 2002 . siberian crane autumn migration 2002 . eastern flyway . mongolia . – crane working group of eurasia newsletter . moscow . no 4 - 5 : 29 - 30 ( in russian and english ) .

vardhan , harsh . 2002b . siberian crane autumn migration 2002 . central flyway . india . – crane working group of eurasia newsletter . moscow . no 4 - 5 : 29 - 30 ( in russian and english ) .

vladimirtseva , m . v . 2011 . the siberian crane fall migration in okhotsky perevoz , yakutia , in 2008 . – crane working group of eurasia newsletter . no 11 : 58 . ( in russian and english ) .

vuosalo - tavakoli , ellen . 2003 . siberian crane spring migration 2003 . western flyway . iran . crane working group of eurasia newsletter . moscow . no 6 : 12 , 13 . ( in russian and english ) .

zhang enquan , and zhang jing . 2005 . siberian crane propagation at beijing zoo , china , in 2005 . – crane working group of eurasia newsletter . moscow . no 9 : 71 ( in russian and english ) .

ashtiani , mohammad ali . 1987 . siberian crane as a wintering bird iniran . – proceedings of the 1983 international crane workshop , bharatpur , india . eds . george w . archibald and r . f . pasquier . baraboo , wisconsin : international crane foundation . p . 135 - 137 .

english : blue - necked crane , royal crane ; french : grue royale ; german : südafrikanischer kronenkranich ; spanish : grulla coronada cuelligrís .

science expeditions sponsored by the all - russia research institute for nature protection and preserves in 1977 - 1978 collected 12 eggs of siberian crane of the eastern population and sent them to the international crane foundation . in 1979 17 more eggs were transported from yakutia to the ocbc and the bird park walsrode in germany . such was the beginning of the first population of siberian crane in captivity .

wu jiandong . 2002 . study on the behavior of siberian cranes in wintering period . – crane research : status and direction for the 21st century , abstracts of international crane workshop . china crane news . vol . 6 supplement . beijing , china : china ornithological society , international crane foundation . p . 69 , 29 - 30 ( in chinese and english ) .

rustamov , a . k . 1999 . white crane , or siberian crane . – red data book of turkmenistan . vol . 1 . invertebrate and vertebrate animals . ashgabat , turkmenistan , 256 - 257 ( in russian ) .

sleptsov , s . 2007 . siberian crane breeding in kytalyk resource reserve , yakutia , russia , in 2006 . – crane working group of eurasia newsletter . moscow , 10 : 16 - 17 ( in russian and english ) .

strelnikova , o . g . 2011 . siberian crane sightings in khanty - mansi autonomous region in 2008 and 2010 . – crane working group of eurasia newsletter . no 11 : 47 - 49 ( in russian and english ) .

archibald , george w . 1994 . the fading call of the siberian crane . – national geographic . vol . 185 ( 5 ) : 125 - 136 .

kashkarov , d . yu . 1988 . siberian crane . – red data book of the uzbekskaya ssr . p . 92 - 93 ( in russian ) .

landfried , s . e . 1981 . first rare siberian crane hatches in captivity . – wwf news . vol . 13 . july / aug : 3 .

mirande , claire m . 2003 . siberian crane wetlands project : on the staging ground and ready to fly . – cms bulletin . no 18 : 16 .

tarunin , m . 1928 . on siberian crane in tobolsk region . – “ural’skiy okhotnik” ( ural hunter ) . vol . 5 ( 3 ) : 5 .

xu jie , and jiang zingzing . 1985 . endangered species – siberian crane . – chinese wildlife . vol . 3 : 30 - 40 ( in chinese )

the main breeding grounds cover 82 , 000 km2 in the yakutia region of northeastern siberia , south of the east siberian sea between the yana and kolyma rivers . kytalyk republic resource reserve is a site of breeding grounds with the highest siberian crane densities .

bragin , e . a . 2002 . endangered species - 2001 . the siberian crane - 2001 . western flyway . kazakhstan . – crane working group of eurasianewsletter . moscow . no 3 : 30 ( in russian and english ) .

bragin , e . a . 2002 . the siberian crane autumn migration 2002 . kazakhstan . – crane working group of eurasia newsletter . moscow . no 4 - 5 : 26 , 27 - 28 ( in russian and english ) .

chan , simba . 2002 . siberian crane autumn migration 2002 . eastern flyway . hong - kong . – crane working group of eurasia newsletter . moscow . no 4 - 5 : 28 , 30 ( in russian and english ) .

goroshko , o . a . 2011 . siberian crane sightings in dauria ( transbaikalia ) from 2007 to 2010 . – crane working group of eurasia newsletter . moscow . no 11 : 56 - 57 ( in russian and english ) .

kashentseva , t . a . , and r . belterman . 2002 . siberian crane in captivity . – crane working group of eurasia newsletter . moscow . no 4 - 5 : 52 - 53 ( in russian and english ) .

rusanov , g . m . 2002 . siberian crane spring migration 2002 . western flyway . russia . – crane working group of eurasia newsletter . moscow . no 4 - 5 : 25 , 26 ( in russian and english ) .

rusanov , g . m . 2002 . siberian crane autumn migration 2002 . western flyway . russia . – crane working group of eurasia newsletter . moscow . no 4 - 5 : 26 - 28 ( in russian and english ) .

sadeghi zadegan s . 2005 . the siberian crane wintering in iran in 2004 / 2005 and 2005 / 2006 . – crane working group of eurasia newsletter . moscow . no 9 : 50 - 51 ( in russian and english ) .

sun xiaowei , zhen haishen , yu baijiang . 2002 . migration trend of siberian crane at momoge in spring 2002 . – china crane news . vol . 6 ( 2 ) : 17 - 18 ( in chinese and english ) .

tseveenmyadag , n . 2001 . endangered species - 2001 . siberian crane - 2001 . eastern flyway . mongolia . – crane working group of eurasia newsletter . moscow . no 3 : 29 , 31 ( in russian and english ) .

vuosalo - tavakoli , ellen . 2002 . siberian crane spring migration 2002 . western flyway . iran . – crane working group of eurasia newsletter . moscow . no 4 - 5 : 25 , 26 ( in russian and english ) .

yang yan . 2007 . record number of the siberian crane in liaoning province , china , in autumn 2006 . – crane working group of eurasia newsletter . moscow . no 10 : 41 - 42 ( in russian and english ) .

zhou haixiang . 2006 . the finding and protection of siberian crane and other waterfowls in key migratory sites in liaoning . – china crane news . vol . 10 ( 1 ) : 32 - 34 ( in chinese and english ) .

anonymous . 1996 . sos for siberian cranes . – hornbill . no 3 : 27 .

adequate forage for siberian cranes in the marshes included the roots of hydrophilic sedges and horsetails .

kashentseva , t . a . 2007 . crane propagation at oka crane breeding center in 2006 . – crane working group of eurasia newsletter . moscow . no 10 : 45 - 48 ( in russian and english ) .

kashentseva , t . a . 2011 . crane propagation in oka crane breeding center in 2010 . – crane working group of eurasia newsletter . moscow . no 11 : 82 - 86 ( in russian and english ) .

according to the iucn red list , the total population size of the siberian crane is 3 , 500 - 4 , 000 individuals . siberian cranes’ numbers are decreasing today and they are classified as critically endangered ( cr ) on the list of threatened species .

the following habitats are found across the siberian crane distribution range . find out more about these environments , what it takes to live there and what else inhabits them .

dessauer hc , gee gf , rogers js ( 1992 ) allozyme evidence for crane systematics and polymorphisms within populations of sandhill , sarus , siberian , and whooping cranes .

anonymous . 1975 . the siberian crane icf’s target species for 1975 - 76 . – the brolga bugle . vol . 2 ( 1 ) : 1 , 3 .

babenko , v . g . 2000 . siberian crane . – birds of lower priamuriye . moscow : “prometei” publishing house . p . 204 ( in russian ) .

dey , s . c . 1993 . siberian crane – status report and indian situation . indian forester . vol . 119 ( 10 ) : 783 - 792 .

malik , d . 1991a . the siberian crane in the littlerann of kutch . – newsletter for birdwatchers . vol . 31 ( 1 / 2 ) : 13 .

moriguchi , kazuaki . 1978 . arecord of the siberian white crane grus leucogeranus found in hokkaido , japan . – tori . vol . 27 : 37 - 38 .

rogacheva , e . v . 1980 . siberian crane . – animals of krasnoyarsk territory . krasnoyarsk : krasnoyarsk book publishers . p . 90 ( in russian ) .

rusanov , g . m . 2007 . siberian crane ( grus leucogeranus ) . – astrakhan encyclopaedia . astrakhan . p . 377 - 378 ( in russian ) .

sharma , v . d . , and s . sharma . 1991 . the vanishing siberian crane . – indian forester . vol . 117 : 850 - 855 .

vinogradov , v . v . 1977 . protect the siberian crane . – “okhota i okhotnichiye khozyaistvo” ( hunting and hunting economy ) . no . 7 : 5 .

the siberian crane mou was the first one to be developed under the auspices of cms . it was concluded on 1 july 1993 and revised on 1 january 1999 .

bragin , e . a . 2002 . the siberian crane spring migration 2002 . western flyway . kazakhstan . – crane working group of eurasia newsletter . moscow . no 4 - 5 : 25 , 26 ( in russian and english ) .

kashentseva , t . , and r . belterman . 2011 . the fifth issue of the international siberian crane studbook . – crane working group of eurasia newsletter . moscow . no 11 : 89 - 92 ( in russian and english ) .

markin , yu . m . , sleptsov , s . m . the siberian crane banding in yakutia in 2008 . – crane working group of eurasia newsletter . moscow . no 11 : 106 - 107 ( in russian and english ) .

mirande , claire . 2007 . safeguarding a chain of important wetlands – the midterm review for our siberian crane wetland project . – china crane news . vol . 11 ( 1 ) : 21 - 22 ( in chinese and english ) .

prentice , crawford . 2007 . the unep / gef siberian crane wetlands project – status at the end of phase 1 . – crane working group of eurasianewsletter . moscow . no 10 : 63 - 66 ( in russian and english ) .

qian fawen , and jiang hongxing . 2006 . summery of monitoring the migration of siberian crane in chinain 2005 - 2006 . – china crane news . vol . 10 ( 1 ) : 35 - 36 ( in chinese and english ) .

though it is easy to distinguish this species of crane from others , it is really difficult to distinguish a male from a female siberian crane . both are of almost the same size and have similar features ; it is just that the female crane is a little smaller in size and has a little shorter beak .

chan , simba . 2004 . brief information on the fall migration of the siberian crane . eastern flyway . japan . – crane working group of eurasia . moscow . no 4 - 5 : 62 , 64 ( in russian and english ) .

ilyashenko , v . yu . 2005 . on the history of discovery and origination of name “sterkh” ( siberian crane ) . – crane working group of eurasianewsletter . moscow . no . 9 : 122 - 125 ( in russian and english ) .

liu yunzheng , and jia daojing . 2000 . report on the distribution of siberian crane at poyang lake in november , 1999 . – china crane news . vol . 4 ( 2 ) : 4 - 5 ( in chinese and english ) .

markin , yu . , and s . sadeghi zadegan . 2004 . siberian crane reintroduction in islamic republic of iran . – crane working group of eurasianewsletter . moscow . no 7 - 8 : 36 - 37 ( in russian and english ) .

sorokin , a . g . 2003 . the siberian crane in the european part of russia . historical and recent data . – acten - proceedings 4th european crane workshop 2000 . ed . alain salvi . fenetrange - france . p . 249 .

vladimirtseva , m . , and s . sleptsov . 2005 . observation on nest building activity of the siberian crane . – crane working group of eurasia newsletter . moscow . no 9 : 29 - 31 . ( in russian and english ) .

birdlife international . 2003 . " siberian crane " ( on - line ) . red data book : threatened birds of asia . accessed october 31 , 2005 at urltoken .

dey , s . c . 1994 . siberian crane : status report and indian situation . – environ magazine . vol . 11 ( 1 ) : 57 - 61 .

maranko , m . 1989 . wintering behaviour of the siberian crane in keoladeo national park , bharatpur during 1988 - 89 . m . phil . thesis , bharathidasan university .

mercier , mary . 2007 . siberian crane range states meet to protect the “lily of birds” . – the icf bugle . vol . 33 ( 3 ) : 4 .

ostapenko , m . m . 1987 . gruiformes . siberian crane . – the birds of uzbekistan . tashkent : “fan” publ . house . p . 274 - 275 .

sludski , a . a . 1959 . siberian crane distribution and biology . – ornithology . moscow . vol . 2 : 159 - 162 . ( in russian ) .

unep , and cms , ed . 2001 . results of the fourth meeting of the siberian crane range states . – cms bulletin . no 14 : 8 - 9 .

ushakov , v . e . 1925 . about siberian white crane and owls . – “ural’skiy okhotnik” ( ural hunter ) . vol . 2 ( 3 ) : 39 .

simple procedures aimed at exposing peat formation in bogs along the siberian crane migration routes might facilitate the passage for weaker cranes ( in the worst - case conservation scenario ) .

the last remaining western siberian crane has returned to its winter home in iran for the seventh consecutive year - having clocked up an incredible 78 , 000km in the process .

kashentseva , t . a . 2005 . crane propagation at oka crane breeding center in 2004 and 2005 . – crane working group of eurasia newsletter . moscow . no 9 : 60 - 64 ( in russian and english ) .

wu zhigang , han xiaodong , and wang li . 1987 . observations of the siberian white crane ( grus leucogeranus ) migrating to the momoge nature reserve . – abstracts 1987 international crane workshop . ed . james t . harris . baraboo , wis . : international crane foundation . p . 38 ( in chinese abstracts ) .

these siberian cranes were frightened off three times by motorboats passing at 15 to 20 min intervals .

consequently , siberian cranes did not encounter their habitual foraging conditions while migrating across the taiga zone .

markin , yu . m . , and s . sadeghi zadegan . 2003 . siberian crane wintering in iranin 2002 / 03 . – crane working group of eurasia newsletter . moscow . no 6 : 4 - 6 ( in russian and english ) .

wang qishan , and james t . harris , eds . 2002 . crane research : status and direction for the 21st century , abstracts of international crane workshop . china crane news . vol 6 ( supplement ) . beijing , china : china ornithological society , international crane foundation . p . 1 - 80 .

the siberian crane can be found in a number of locations including : arctic , asia , china , russia . find out more about these places and what else lives there .

bragin , e . a . 2002 . red data book . the siberian crane . – kazakhstan ornithological newsletter . almaty : “tethys” . p . 73 ( in russian ) .

roschevsky , yu . k . 1973 . on breeding of siberian crane in priyanskaya tundra . – animals of volgariver basin . p . 34 - 38 ( in russian ) .

bog areas that were difficult for humans to access tended to retain a high local density of elk , which had very important effects on the foraging conditions for the siberian crane .

li jinlu , and feng kemin . 1991 . overwintering of red - crowned and siberian cranes in china . – proceedings of 1987 international crane workshop . ed . james t . harris . baraboo , wis . : international crane foundation . p . 191 .

markin , yu . , a . ermakov , and yu . zatsepin . 2004 . siberian crane reintroduction in kunovatriver basinin 2003 . – crane working group of eurasianewsletter . moscow . no 7 - 8 : 33 - 36 ( in russian and english ) .

sadeghi zadegan , s . 2004 . brief information on the fall migration of the siberian crane . the western flyway . i . r . iran . – crane working group of eurasia newsletter , 7 - 8 : 63 ( in russian and english ) .

sadeghi zadegan , s . and a . fazeli . 2011 . the siberian crane wintering in iran in 2007 / 2008 and 2008 / 2009 . – crane working group of eurasia newsletter . no 11 : 72 - 73 ( in russian and english ) .

chan , simba . 2005 . data on crane sightings . japan . – crane working group of eurasia , 9 : 49 ( in russian and english ) .

nesterenko , o . n . 2002 . use of genetic methods for sexing cranes captive breeding programs . – crane research : status and direction for the 21st century . abstracts of international crane workshop . china crane news . vol 6 supplement . beijing , china : china ornithological society , international crane foundation . p . 43

nagendran , meenakshi , and robert h . horwich . 1992 . isolation - rearing of siberian crane chicks at the international crane foundation . – proceedings , 1988 north american crane workshop : nongame wildlife program technical report . don a . wood . [ tallahassee , florida ] : floridagame and fresh water fish commission . p . 245 - 248 .

jiang hongxing , and qian fawen . 2007 . summary of the meeting on monitoring the migration of the siberian crane in chinain 2006 / 2007 . – china crane news . vol . 11 ( 1 ) : 21 - 23 ( in chinese and english ) .

markin , yuri , and sadegh sadeghi zadegan . 2004 . search for alternative siberian crane wintering grounds in i . r . iran . – crane working group of eurasianewsletter . moscow . no 7 - 8 : 68 - 69 ( in russian and english ) .

markin , yu . , g . rusanov , and a . kashin . 2005 . siberian crane reintroduction in astrakhan nature reserve in 2004 . – crane working group of eurasia newsletter . moscow . no 9 : 76 - 79 ( in russian and english ) .

rusanov , g . m . 2004 . brief information on the fall migration of the siberian crane . the western flyway . russia . – newsletter of the crane working group of eurasia . moscow . vol . 7 - 8 : 63 ( in russian ) .

sadeghi zadegan , s . , and g . archibald . 2005 . the siberian crane reintroduction in fereydoon kenar , iran , in 2005 . – crane working group of eurasia newsletter . moscow . no 9 : 80 - 81 ( in russian and english ) .

vladimirtseva , m . , and e . ilyashenko e . 2007 . the siberian crane migration in indigirka river valley , yakutia , russia . – crane working group of eurasia newsletter . moscow . no 10 : 29 - 31 ( in russian and english ) .

che guicui , and ben yahua . 2000 . cure of fracture of a siberian crane . –heilongjiang animal science and veterinary medicine . vol . 1 : 27 ( in chinese ) .

friedman , judy . 1992 . operation siberian crane : the story behind the international effort to save an amazing bird . new york : dillon press . p . 1 - 96 .

germogenov , n . i . ( ed . ) . 1999 . siberian crane ecology and migration . research report . yakutsk . p . 1 - 25 ( in russian ) .

kasparek , max . 1987 . historical records of the siberian white crane in turkey . – bull . ornithol . soc . middle east . vol . 18 : 4 - 6 .

lanovenko , eugenia . 2003 . summering and autumn migration 2003 . central population . uzbekistan . – siberian crane flyway news . no 5 : 10 ( in russian and english ) .


lamprologus signatus is a species of cichlid endemic to lake tanganyika where it prefers deep waters over muddy substrates .

this species is a shell dweller .

this species can reach a length of 5.5 centimetres ( 2.2 in ) tl .

it can also be found in the aquarium trade .

lamprologus signatus

lamprologus signatus <EOT> a little research ( actually a lot of it ) led me to consider various species . i wanted something with a little color but also with some distinctive markings . i considered some ' lamprologus ' brevis , but had heard that they weren ' t always active or even visible . i settled on a species that is not very common in the hobby , lamprologus signatus . it took me a while to track them down but i was finally able to obtain a group of 6 juveniles .

" just one more tank . . . " l . multifasciatus , n . signatus , n . similis , l . gold occelatus

lamprologus signatus has a more elongated body shape compared to other shell dwellers . another difference is that the male and female have their own distinct patter / coloration . most other species of shelldwellers , with a few exceptions , share the same color patterns in both males and females . usually the only difference between the sexes is size .

i was always told that you appreciate things more when they cost you something , when youve got something personally invested in them . ive usually found this to be true . my lamprologus signatus have made themselves a definite exception to the rule . theyve got the big shelldweller personality with uncommon good looks to boot , making themselves one of my favorites , and i didnt pay a dime for them !

ive very much enjoyed having these guys and continue to watch their interactions with fascination . im content just to watch them glide about and show off their rainbow colors . lamprologus signatus has proven itself to me to be a very interesting and slightly more unique member of a personable little group of fish . even though they didnt cost me anything , i hold them as a valued part of my collection .

after not having a lake tanganyika shelldweller for some time , i got an itch for them again . something about how they change their environment by digging and / or burying their shells makes them extremely amusing and addictive . for such little fish , they pack a ton of personality . the question was which shell dweller to choose ? in the past i had kept ' lamprologus ' multifasciatus and ' lamprologus ' ocellatus " gold " . i decided i wanted to try something different for a newly vacant 29gal tank .

hello all ! i am setting up a 60 " r . half with stacked rock for calvus ; half open with shells ; cyp leptosoma swimming above . how compatible are signatus with this setup ? . . . . . 1m / 3f ' s ? . . . . . . i have 12 shells . . . . . too many ? . . . . space shells out evenly - - or in groups of 3 - 4 ? . . . . . . will signatus defend poorly or too violently against the calvus ? . . . .

hey mr . limpit , my signatus are still very young and they are alone in a 10 gallon right now so i am not sure how aggressive / defensive they would be with other fish . i think you can group the shells how every you want . i have 6 shells for the two of them and they are kind of spread out . it shouldn ' t matter too much because in nature the signatus species actually prefers digging out under rocks but in captivity they use shells if they are available . i have a central rock structure that has a few carved caves and then some slate rock . hope this helps somewhat .

since i became interested in the shelldwelling cichlids of the african rift lake , tanganyika , ive had the opportunity to try out the majority of the species . they all display pretty similar behavioral patterns and many have a very similar appearance as well . they are interesting and charming little fish , but once youve kept one , youve pretty much kept them all . not so with l . signatus .

* * help * * my signatus pair have pretty much stopped eating in the past week . has anybody else struck this problem and what are you feeding them ? i have tried flake ( which they pick at ) , crumbles ( nls and redsea - they mouth then spit these out ) , frozen brine / mysis / bloodworm ( not much interest at all , mouth then spit out the ones they do attack ) , live mosquito larvae ( just attack out of territorial aggression then spit out ) . i dont have access to other live foods . any help appreciated . cheers steve

html public " - / / w3c / / dtd xhtml 1 . 0 strict / / en " " urltoken "

thank you for taking the time to provide feedback on the iucn red list of threatened species website , we are grateful for your input .

gland , switzerland , 5 july 2018 ( iucn ) – australia’s unique reptiles – including lizards and snakes – face severe threats from invasive species and climate change , with 7 % of th . . .

the value of medicinal and aromatic plant trade has increased three - fold in the past 20 years , but traditional harvesting practices are being replaced by less sustainable alternatives . . . .

a recently released iucn technical brief recommends increasing investments in sustainable land management practices , as well as better cooperation between agriculturalists and conservationists to conse . . .

snoeks , j . ( freshwater fish red list authority ) & darwall , w . ( freshwater biodiversity assessment programme )

endemic to lake tanganyika where it is restricted to the central shores of the lake .

the habitat is reported to be deep water on soft , mud substrates . feeds on small shrimp . the maximum size of collected specimens was 53 mm at which size the fish were mature . nothing else is known of this species other than it belongs to the shell - dweller group .

to make use of this information , please check the < terms of use > .

html public " - / / w3c / / dtd xhtml 1 . 0 transitional / / en " " urltoken "

endemic to lake tanganyika . it occurs around the central part of the lake on the zambian side , around the capes of kabwe ngosye and nundo .

it inhabits fairly deep water around the shoreline in areas with a soft substrate , where the empty shells of snails collect .

18″ x 12″ x 12″ ( 45cm x 30cm x 30cm ) – 40 litres for a pair or trio . a larger tank is required for a colony .

the aquarium should have large open areas of sandy substrate to which should be added a good number of empty snail shells ( see breeding section below ) . more shells should be provided than there are individual fish . the substrate should be at least 2″ deep as this species likes to dig . the water must be hard and alkaline .

live and frozen varieties should form the bulk of the diet , although dried foods are usually accepted .

a territorial species that will defend its shell and the small territory around it vigorously . it can be combined with species that inhabit other areas of the aquarium . good tankmate choices include rockdwellers such as neolamprologus brichardi or smaller species of julidochromis and open water species such as cyprichromis sp . only one male should be kept unless the aquarium is large as males are very aggressive towards conspecifics .

males grow larger than females and have distinct vertical barring on the flanks , which is lacking in females .

possible . shell brooder . it may breed in a community situation but if you want to raise a full brood of these a species tank is best . set up the aquarium as suggested above . provide plenty of snail shells as the females will lay their eggs in these . escargot shells are a good choice and can be obtained from most decent delicatessens . each female will require 4 - 5 shells . water should be hard and alkaline with a ph of around 8 . 0 - 8 . 5 and a temperature of 77 - 80°f .

the species is most easily bred in a harem situation within which spawning pairs will form weak bonds until their broods are large enough to fend for themselves . the bond is not monogamous and both fish may go on to spawn with other individuals . it’s best to keep several females with a single male for breeding purposes . condition the fish well on a good diet of live and frozen foods .

the females will attempt to catch the attention of the male by displaying at the entrance of their chosen shells . when the male is sufficiently interested , the female swims into the shell where she deposits her eggs . she then leaves the shell and the male enters , where he fertilises the eggs .

both parents assist in broodcare , and they will regularly move the entire brood between different shells . the fry are big enough to accept brine shrimp nauplii or microworm once they become free swimming . it is probably better to remove them to a separate rearing tank at this stage to ensure the best survival rate , although the parents do not usually harm them .

as they grew , i became disappointed with the make - up of the group . a group of 4 males and 2 females is not ideal for pairing . fortunately each of the females picked out a male of their own and the two extra males were removed . the tank was set up with a sand substrate and divided into 3 separate areas by 2 pieces of holey rock . each of the three areas had an abundant amount of shells . the pairs took up residence on opposite sides of the tank , leaving the middle area as a no - man ' s land . i hoped that as their fry got larger , they would migrate to the " undeveloped " section of the tank .

" setting up a new african cichlid tank ( decorating ) " tank talk 9 / 10 / 13 pres . by kgtropicals

ahh ! its great to see another shellie fan on ace ! yes i remember you , how are the callipterus coming along ? i ' m picking my sigs up from anthony today , will let you know how they go . pm sent .

thanks jac . i may select either brevis or occies , since the shells will be on the opposite end of the tank vs the rock structure .

any updates on these fish , i ' m so excited . someone locally is selling only a pair and hopefully i can get my hands on them . are they as easy as multies ? dumb question but . . . i ' m just sooooo excited ! hopefully i can get them

hey miles44 , no they haven ' t spawned yet . i hope they spawn for me soon . cross my fingers .

html public " - / / w3c / / dtd html 4 . 01 transitional / / en " " urltoken "

disclaimer : itis taxonomy is based on the latest scientific consensus available , and is provided as a general reference source for interested parties . however , it is not a legal authority for statutory or regulatory purposes . while every effort has been made to provide the most reliable and up - to - date information available , ultimate legal requirements with respect to species are contained in provisions of treaties to which the united states is a party , wildlife statutes , regulations , and any applicable notices that have been published in the federal register . for further information on u . s . legal requirements with respect to protected taxa , please contact the u . s . fish and wildlife service .