the chinese jumping mouse ( eozapus setchuanus ) is a species of rodent in the family dipodidae .

it is monotypic within the genus eozapus .

it is endemic to china where its natural habitat is temperate forests , steppes and meadows in mountainous regions .

it is tolerant of some degree of habitat destruction , and the international union for conservation of nature has assessed its conservation status as being of " least concern " .

chinese jumping mouse

chinese jumping mouse <EOT> chinese fengshui golden art 8 jumping galloping horse . . . chinese fengshui golden art 8 jumping galloping horse . . .

western jumping mouse - zapus princeps j . a . allen , 1893 - details - encyclopedia of life

" preble ' s meadow jumping mouse , zapus hudsonius preblei , is endangered ; the black hills meadow jumping mouse , z . hudsonius campestris , is vulnerable and z . hudsonius luteus is near threatened . "

the woodland jumping mouse is classified as least concern ( lc ) on the iucn red list ( 1 ) .

dobrov v , neronov v . on the boundary between the palearctic and indo - malayan faunal regions on the chinese territory ( concerning the distribution of rodents )

vol . 26 . 2005 . structure of community of small mammals in wawushan natural reserve , sichuan province , china ; pp . 14–18 . in chinese .

chen wenjie still likes to call it a " jumping mouse " . he told xinhua that he has since released the creature .

in the southern parts of its range , the woodland jumping mouse is often restricted to mountain peaks ( 2 ) ( 5 ) .

is when they began to store up enough fat , and the greatest weight gain is noticed . overall the meadow jumping mouse is considered to be a

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brannon , m . p . ( 2005 ) distribution and microhabitat of the woodland jumping mouse , napaeozapus insignis , and the white - footed mouse , peromyscus leucopus , in the southern appalachians . southeastern naturalist , 4 ( 3 ) : 479 - 486 .

the woodland jumping mouse occurs at a range of elevations , from near sea level to around 2 , 000 metres in the appalachian mountains ( 2 ) ( 6 ) .

the food preference of the meadow jumping mouse consists of seeds , but they also eat berries , fruit and insects . usually right after emerging from hibernation they will eat the

stinson , n . " home range of the western jumping mouse , zapus princeps , in the colorado rocky mountains . " great basin naturalist 37 ( 1977 ) : 87–90

can leap . he states that it is capable of long leaps , short hops , and also it can creep through the grass on all fours without having to leap at all and without any difficulty at all . finally in 1935 , townsend was able to witness a leap of two feet , and many more studies afterwards and to the date have concluded that the meadow jumping mouse is capable of jumping anywhere from two to three feet depending on the situation . under certain lab - controlled conditions , the jumping mouse has been measured to jump a few inches longer than three feet . what is clear is that the meadow jumping mouse is capable of leaping a good sized distance compared to its body size . the initial leap of the jumping mouse when startled from a

like all lemurs , mouse lemurs inhabit the island of madagascar off the east coast of africa .

the woodland jumping mouse would benefit from further research into its abundance , the extent of its distribution , and the potential impacts of any threats on its populations ( 1 ) .

a man from northwest china ' s xinjiang uygur autonomous region has found a " jumping mouse " or dwarf three - toed jerboa , which is the smallest rodent in the world .

with elongated ankle bones and long toe bones make it possible for the mouse to leap and jump .

the mouse probably has a lifespan of two years but some individuals may live three or four years .

in 1947 a study was done to see what the jumping mouse preferred for food . for this study many caged jumping mice were fed forty species of plants representing 20 different families . they were also fed many different fruits , such as apples , pears , and also given grains such as oatmeal . to test if they would eat anything they were given , they were also fed prepared rat and mouse concentrate . twenty - eight species of insects , pertaining to ten different orders were collected and fed to the jumping mouse . all were partially or completely eaten except for

the woodland jumping mouse ( napaeozapus insignis ) is a species of jumping mouse found in north america . it can hop surprisingly long distances given its small size . the mouse is an extraordinary part of the rodent family . its scientific name in latin is napaeozapus insignis , meaning glen or wooded dell + big or strong feet + a distinguishing mark . this mammal can jump up to 3 m ( 9 . 8 ft ) when scared , using its extremely strong feet and long tail .

lasts until about mid april to may , with males and females emerging at about the same time with males emerging slightly earlier than females . from the time that the meadow jumping mouse goes into

western jumping mice are found throughout western canada and much of the western united states .

jones , g . s . & jones , d . b . ( 1985 ) . " observations of intraspecific behavior of meadow jumping mice , zapus hudsonius , and escape behaviour of a western jumping mouse , zapus princeps , in the wild " . canadian field naturalist 99 : 378–379 .

the most interesting characteristic of the meadow jumping mouse is its saltatorial powers . quimby states that there is large disagreement , dating back to 1899 , as to how high the jumping mouse can actually jump . in 1899 preble documented that the meadow jumping mouse can jump six to eight feet when disturbed , and in some instances it may be able to jump further . then in 1909 seton stated that it can creep through the grass without hopping , and then suddenly can leap out a distance of ten to twelve feet . later in 1926 bailey says that there are no standards as to how long or far

whitaker jr , j . o . ( 1963 ) food , habitat and parasites of the woodland jumping mouse in central new york . journal of mammalogy , 44 ( 3 ) : 316 - 321 .

between june and august . studies have shown that on average the jumping mouse has a litter during late spring after emergence and then again in later summer , with very little reproductive activity in mid summer .

although usually silent , the woodland jumping mouse may sometimes utter a low clicking or clucking sound , or squeal if disturbed . it may also drum its tail ( 2 ) ( 3 ) ( 6 ) .

, because the mouse is common and widespread , populations are considered stable , and no major threats exist at present .

davies , thomas ( 6 june 1797 ) . " an account of the jumping mouse of canada . dipus canadensis " . transactions of the linnean society 4 . london ( published 1798 ) . pp . 155–7 .

the jumping mouse is an excellent digger ; it usually burrows in a depression , and begins to dig horizontally with its front limbs , once inside it also uses its powerful hind feet to throw out the loose soil .

. the average litter size is said to be 5 . 3 young , but can range anywhere from two to nine young . the jumping mouse is capable of having two to three litters per year , with most litters

although it may use long leaps to escape danger , the woodland jumping mouse more often walks around on all fours when moving slowly , or uses short hops for greater speed ( 2 ) ( 3 ) . when escaping , it usually makes several leaps before stopping and remaining motionless under nearby cover ( 2 ) ( 4 ) . the woodland jumping mouse climbs well in bushes , but does not ascend trees ( 2 ) ( 3 ) .

like all jumping mice , the woodland jumping mouse has prominently grooved incisors ( 2 ) ( 3 ) ( 4 ) ( 5 ) ( 6 ) . this species is distinguished from jumping mice in the genus zapus by its white tail tip and by differences in its teeth , and from eozapus species by lacking a dark stripe on the belly ( 2 ) ( 3 ) ( 5 ) ( 6 ) . across its range , the woodland jumping mouse varies in appearance , with northern populations generally being larger and paler than those in the south ( 2 ) ( 5 ) . some scientists have recognised up to five subspecies ( 2 ) .

the woodland jumping mouse is a common and widespread species and is not currently considered at risk of extinction . its populations are believed to be stable , and it is not facing any major threats at present ( 1 ) .

female meadow jumping mice provide all the care for their young , until they are weaned and independent .

there are no specific conservation measures currently known to be in place for the woodland jumping mouse . this colourful rodent occurs within a number of protected areas , but there are no conservation efforts targeting its specific needs ( 1 ) .

ovaska , k . and herman , t . b . ( 1988 ) life history characteristics and movements of the woodland jumping mouse , napaeozapus insignis , in nova scotia . canadian journal of zoology , 66 : 1752 - 1762 .

quimby , d . c . ( 1951 ) , " the life history and ecology of the jumping mouse , zapus hudsonius " , ecological society of america 21 ( 1 ) : 61–95 , doi : 10 . 2307 / 1948646

cranford . j . a . ( 1978 ) . " hibernation in the western jumping mouse ( zapus princeps ) " . journal of mammalogy 59 ( 3 ) : 496–509 . doi : 10 . 2307 / 1380226 . jstor 1380226 .

age class of specimens of the new mexico meadow jumping mouse ( zapus hudsonius luteus ) by date of capture for ( a ) valley populations and ( b ) montane populations . age class was determined by characteristics of the skull and dentition .

meadow jumping mice perceive their environment using their eyes , their ears , their nose , and their whiskers .

breeding season : the breeding season of meadow jumping mice occurs shortly after hibernation in late april or may .

. it is not easy to say which member of a given area prefers which insect but as a whole insects do compose an important part of the jumping mouse’s diet . by the time the study was concluded they could not say that any particular mouse from any given area preferred one type of food over another . however when the meadow jumping mice were fed plants , they consumed the only the seeds of some and the roots of others , but the plant itself usually stay intact .

a study conducted in southern gansu in 1996 recorded this species as occurring in previously unknown habitat ( dense shrubland ) , where it was characterized as not so rare ( giraudoux et al . 1998 ) . giraudoux et al . ( 1998 ) also indicate that this species is often recorded by chinese surveys conducted in forests within its range .

meadow jumping mice may eat grain , but numbers aren ' t generally high enough to have a substantial impact .

meadow jumping mice may eat grain , but numbers aren ' t generally high enough to have a large impact .

however , residential , agricultural and industrial development may reduce the habitat available to the woodland jumping mouse in some areas , particularly affecting suitable hibernation sites . in future , a more serious threat is likely to come from climate change , which could cause a decline in the southern populations of this species , which are already restricted to cooler environments at high elevations . climate change may also cause reduced winter snowfall , removing the insulating layer that the woodland jumping mouse needs to survive its hibernation period ( 1 ) .

specimen data used in the evaluation of the phenology of hibernation and reproduction in the new mexico meadow jumping mouse ( zapus hudsonius luteus ) . museums acronyms are defined in text . julian date is the date of capture . age class is described in text .

the meadow jumping mouse is a decent swimmer , it usually will jump in when retreating from danger , or it was noticed as well to jump in when being set free . its method of aquatic locomotion is very similar to its locomotion on land . at first it pushes off with long thrusts using only its hind feet simultaneously , mimicking its long jumps on land . afterwards , the jumping is followed by movement of all four limbs , in an almost doggy - paddle - like form , with its head held high above the water . the meadow jumping mouse is also capable of diving , and a maximum distance of four feet was recorded .

the woodland jumping mouse has rather coarse fur , due to a layer of stiff guard hairs ( 2 ) ( 3 ) ( 4 ) . its fur is quite bright , with yellow - orange to reddish - brown sides , sprinkled with dark hairs . the sides contrast with the brown to black back and top of the head , and with the pure white underparts . the tops of the feet are also white , while the tail is distinctly bi - coloured , being dark brown above and white below , with a white tip ( 2 ) ( 3 ) ( 5 ) ( 6 ) . the ears of the woodland jumping mouse are of moderate size and are furred on the outside ( 6 ) . the female woodland jumping mouse is usually slightly larger than the male ( 2 ) .

the pacific jumping mouse is common within its range . population densities vary greatly , from three individuals per hectare in dry grassy areas , to 40 per hectare in mesic meadows where forbs are more abundant than grasses ( cranford 1999 , in wilson and reeder , 2005 ) .

brown , l . n . ( 1970 ) . " population dynamics of the western jumping mouse ( zapus princeps ) during a four - year study " . journal of mammalogy 51 ( 4 ) : 651–658 . doi : 10 . 2307 / 1378291 . jstor 1378291 .

meadow jumping mice are not currently threatened , although local populations may be affected by changes in land use and habitat destruction .

meadow jumping mice are not currently threatened , although some populations may be affected by changes in land use and habitat destruction .

orrock , j . l . , farley , d . and pagels , j . f . ( 2003 ) does fungus consumption by the woodland jumping mouse vary with habitat type or the abundance of other small mammals ? canadian journal of zoology , 81 : 753 - 756 .

in its hypopus stage does not feed on the mouse but simply ' hops a ride ' , and presumably drops off to reach adulthood in the nest .

as a species , the meadow jumping mouse is currently not threatened , and is very widespread and common throughout its range . thus , it is listed as a species of least concern on the iucn red list . however , three recognized subspecies are considered threatened by habitat destruction and overgrazing .

which have been spotted having meadow jumping mice either in their stomachs , or in their mouths . examples of such creatures are common

western jumping mice exhibit low predation by mammalian carnivores during hibernation . one of the reasons for this is that their hibernation chambers are hidden far beneath the layers of snow . also , jumping mice give off little odor during hibernation , making them difficult find .

western jumping mice can live as long as 6 years if they survive their first season of hibernation . half of all juveniles that enter their first winter hibernation will die . because western jumping mice hibernate they are only active for a short period each year .

mouse lemurs are forest dwellers that live in female - dominated groups of up to 15 animals . they spend most of their time in trees , and can move nimbly from branch to branch and tree to tree . mouse lemurs sleep aloft during the day and forage at night for insects , fruit , flowers , and other plants .

the only species in its genus ( 2 ) ( 3 ) , the woodland jumping mouse ( napaeozapus insignis ) is a small rodent with long hind feet and a distinctly long tail , which makes up more than half of its total length ( 2 ) ( 4 ) ( 5 ) ( 6 ) . using the hind limbs for propulsion and the tail for balance , the woodland jumping mouse is able to make large leaps of up to three metres at a time ( 4 ) ( 5 ) ( 6 ) , although it more commonly moves with shorter hops ( 2 ) ( 3 ) .

the diet of the woodland jumping mouse includes a variety of fungi , seeds , caterpillars , beetles , nuts , fruits and other plant material ( 2 ) ( 3 ) ( 5 ) ( 6 ) ( 8 ) . fungi often make up over a third of the diet ( 4 ) ( 5 ) ( 8 ) , with underground species such as those in the genus endogone being particularly important ( 2 ) ( 5 ) ( 8 ) ( 9 ) . the association of the woodland jumping mouse with cool , moist habitats may partly relate to the availability of this food source ( 7 ) .

so what’s the issue , then ? if you’re using a trackpad , the answer may be as simple as dirt , jewelry or a faulty third - party power supply . see portables and magic trackpad : jumpy or erratic trackpad operation . if you’re using an optical mouse , it could be that the surface the mouse is sitting on is causing the problem . try a different surface . you can also try a different input device if you’re using an external mouse or trackpad , as the device itself could be bad .

birch mice and jumping mice are small , mouse - like quadrupedal rodents with fairly long semi - prehensile tails . jumping mice hind limbs are moderately elongated , whereas birch mice have no elongation . jerboas are small to medium - sized bipedal , nocturnal rodents adapted to run fast in sparse vegetation . both birch and jumping mice have relatively small and narrow heads , and jerboas have relatively large heads with wide muzzles and flat snouts . jerboas also have big eyes , long vibrissa , and auricles that vary in size from relatively short among three - toed jerboas to extremely long in long - eared jerboa

mouse lemurs are protected from hunting , but they are still captured for the exotic pet trade . they are most threatened by loss of the limited woodland habitat of their madagascar home .

the woodland jumping mouse is most active at night , although it may also be active at dawn and dusk , especially in cloudy or rainy weather ( 2 ) ( 3 ) ( 6 ) . this species has a long hibernation , usually lasting from september or october until april or may . during the autumn , the woodland jumping mouse starts to accumulate extra body fat in preparation for hibernation , and will sometimes increase to one and a half times its spring weight ( 1 ) ( 2 ) ( 3 ) ( 6 ) . no extra food is eaten over the winter months , so any individuals without sufficient fat reserves do not survive ( 1 ) . in the spring , male woodland jumping mice emerge a couple of weeks before the females ( 2 ) ( 3 ) ( 10 ) .

western jumping mice need high - energy foods to increase fat storage for their long hibernation periods . the main foods eaten by western jumping mice are arthropods , seeds and leaves . seeds are important in the fat deposition , however , arthropods may be a critical substitute when seeds are not available .

the meadow jumping mouse can range in length , from 180 mm to 240 mm , with its tail taking credit for most of its length , usually about 108 mm to 165 mm . a distinct characteristic about this species is its enlarged hind feet , which can be 28 to 35 mm long , and relatively short forelimbs . this gives it a

western jumping mice are important prey species for many predators in the ecosystems in which they live . they are also important as consumers of seeds and arthropods .

" birch mice , jumping mice , and jerboas ( dipodidae ) . " grzimek ' s animal life encyclopedia . . retrieved july 09 , 2018 from urltoken urltoken

meadow jumping mice may live in various habitats that have some low plant cover , but moist grassland is preferred and heavily wooded areas are avoided . grassy fields and thick vegetated areas bordering streams , ponds , or marshes generally have greater numbers of meadow jumping mice . it is possible that these mice prefer habitats with high humidity .

meadow jumping mice range in length from 180 to 240 mm , with the tail accounting for 108 to 165 mm . the hind feet are 28 to 35 mm long .

there are more than 20 species of mouse lemurs , and several have been identified only in recent years . this is a rarity in primate research , and illustrates just how much remains to be known about these fascinating animals .

percent of records by month for the new mexico meadow jumping mouse ( zapus hudsonius luteus ) based on museum specimens from low elevation valleys and montane populations . percent of records by month for bosque del apache national wildlife refuge ( valley , rio grande population ) is based on field data reported by najera ( 1994 ) and sr najera , pj zwank , & m cardenas ( 1994 , unpublished data ) .

meadow jumping mice are an important food source for many predators , and may play a role in spreading the seeds of some of the plants they eat . they have few parasites .

" birch mice , jumping mice , and jerboas ( dipodidae ) . " grzimek ' s animal life encyclopedia . . encyclopedia . com . ( july 9 , 2018 ) . urltoken

the newborn woodland jumping mice are naked and blind and weigh just 0 . 9 grams . the young are fully furred by 24 days old and open their eyes at 26 days ( 2 ) ( 3 ) . weaning takes place by about 34 days old ( 3 ) . neither the male nor female woodland jumping mouse breed until after their first hibernation ( 1 ) ( 2 ) ( 3 ) ( 10 ) . this species may live up to three or four years , but most individuals probably do not survive beyond one or two years ( 3 ) ( 4 ) ( 5 ) .

meadow jumping mice range in length from 180 to 240 mm , with the tail making up 108 to 165 mm of that length . the hind feet are 28 to 35 mm long .

jiang wei , researcher with the center for disease control and prevention in xinjiang , identified that it ' s not a mouse but a dwarf three - towed jerboa , a species of rodent which usually appears in the deserts of southern xinjiang .

most meadow jumping mice in the wild die in their first year ; about 9 % of those who live longer make it into their third year . maximum lifespan in captivity is five years .

as its common name suggests , the woodland jumping mouse is found primarily in wooded habitats . it prefers relatively cool , moist areas with dense vegetation , particularly in spruce - fir and hemlock - hardwood forests ( 1 ) ( 2 ) ( 3 ) ( 5 ) ( 6 ) ( 7 ) . this species is often found along streams or around bogs or swamps ( 1 ) ( 2 ) ( 3 ) ( 5 ) ( 6 ) .

latitude , longitude , elevation , temperature equivalent , and predicted date of first emergence of the meadow jumping mouse ( zapus hudsonius luteus ) from hibernation . the temperature equivalent is a relative measure of mean annual temperature that corrects locations for latitude and elevation according to approximate means in new mexico and a temperature lag rate of 0 . 56 °c per 1° latitude and 76 m elevation . the predicted date of first emergence is based on the regression equation in fig . 3 .

populations of pacific jumping mice appear secure , however , potential threats to long term viability exist . as with similar species , populations of pacific jumping mice are often greatly reduced by wildfires and prescribed burns , which are becoming increasingly common throughout its range . because of its reliance on mesic , montane habitats , this species may also be threatened by climate change . but overall there are no major threats to the species at present .

the mating season for the woodland jumping mouse starts at the beginning of summer ( may ) and ends at the end of summer ( august ) . females usually have 2 or more litters a year , each containing 1–12 juveniles . the female nurses the young while the male gets food to feed the young . the young first leave the nest after 16 days , leaving permanently after 34 days or less . about 90 % of young are eaten , every 1 out of 10 lives .

i am grateful to greg wright for his assistance and the many insightful discussions we have had about jumping mice . i thank scott wait of colorado parks and wildlife and jennifer l . zahratka for providing information about jumping mice at sambrito creek . i thank christina kenny for assistance creating the histograms . i thank fs dobson , an anonymous reviewer , and the academic editor , d kramer , for constructive suggestions that greatly improved the paper .

at banwr , najera ( 1994 see also zwank , najera & cardenas , 1997 ) caught jumping mice through september and until 22 october , although all were considered young of the year in these months except an adult female ( 24 . 0 g ) on 12 september and an adult male that weighed 32 . 0 g on 27 september and 35 . 0 g on 1 october , and was imminently ready for immergence ( table 3 ) . wright ( 2012 ) did not catch any jumping mice at banwr in september , but caught a 20 . 0 g young of the year female on 22 and 25 october . this jumping mouse was radio - collared and its last above ground movement was 26 october ( wright , 2012 ) . no jumping mice have been detected above ground at banwr between 27 october and 13 may , despite 1 , 740 trap - nights ( 1 trap - night = 1 trap set for 1 night ) by najera ( 1994 ) in march , april and november and an effort of 7 , 540 trap - nights during relatively warm spells throughout this period ( wright & frey , 2011 ; wright , 2012 ) .

to have eighteen teeth with a dental formula of : 1 / 1 , 0 / 0 , 1 / 0 , and 3 / 3 . the upper jaw is short , and narrow . the incisors are longitudinally grooved , and its cheek teeth are small . preceding the molars is a small peg - like premolar . as a whole the female jumping mouse is slightly larger , and heavier than the male , but their weight varies quite a bit depending on the season . their weight during summer seasons can range from 11 . 15 grams to 24 . 8 grams , with an average at about 16 to 19 grams . just prior to hibernation , jumping mice can obtain a weight of 35 grams or larger .

( quadrupedal hop ) . the jumping mouse can make three to four jumps without touching the substrate with their forelimbs . while the pygmy jerboa moves slowly with short hops , it also can touch the substrate with forelimbs . when it increases its speed , the hind feet work simultaneously , and the forelimbs never touch the substrate . pygmy jerboas cannot run long distances . when chased they demonstrate cryptic behavior and stretch out on the substrate in a shadow of small shrub or hollow . they never use shelter burrows to escape danger .

birch mice and jumping mice feed on fungus , nuts , berries , fruits , and arthropods . they , as well jerboas , do not store food . jerboas represent a diverse spectra of feeding adaptations from carnivory of euchoreutes naso and salpingotus kozlovi

the woodland jumping mouse occurs in the north - eastern united states and south - eastern canada . in canada , it has been recorded from southern labrador , south through quebec , and east through southern and central ontario , as far as manitoba . its range extends south through the north - eastern united states , along the appalachian mountains and as far south as northern georgia ( 1 ) ( 2 ) ( 3 ) ( 5 ) ( 6 ) . it is also found in northern michigan and northern wisconsin ( 1 ) ( 5 ) .

chen wenjie , a bird lover , discovered the jerboa when driving on a village road in hotan prefecture . under the car lamp , the hopping " mouse " with pig - like face and a body little big larger than a cap of bottled water , stopped in front of chen ' s car .

mass varies substantially with the season . summer weights range between 11 . 15 and 24 . 8 grams , averaging between 16 and 19 g . prior to hibernation , meadow jumping mice may attain weights up to , or greater than , 35 g .

meadow jumping mice make few sounds , except the squeaking of young . adults may call in clucks , chatter their teeth , and drum the ground with their tails . they have a keen sense of smell and probably use scent to communicate as well .

the timing of reproduction for western jumping mice varies from year to year . many females less than 2 years old do not breed . if they do breed it will usually occur later in the season and they produce smaller litter sizes than older females .

reproductive data for female meadow jumping mice ( zapus hudsonius luteus ) that were field - evaluated to be pregnant at bosque del apache national wildlife refuge , socorro county , new mexico , 2009–2010 ( wright , 2012 ; frey & wright , 2012 ) .

, but has been captured in the late evening of a cloudy moist day . this could be because they are coming out to feed a bit earlier because of the conditions , but for the most part all activities occur during the night . the jumping mouse is a docile creature when handled ; amongst its kind it is also pretty calm . there is very little territorial strife amongst them , but by no means are they social creatures . they are solitary animals , rarely if ever seen in pairs , but to contrast that , they are not aggressive towards each other either .

they subsist entirely on their fat reserves while dormant , and do not cache food ; a typical mouse may lose 25 % of its body weight during the eight to ten months of its hibernation . however , the hibernation is not continuous throughout this period , with the mice waking , on average , once every 38 days .

age of new mexico meadow jumping mice ( zapus hudsonius luteus ) by month captured in the middle rio grande valley at bosque del apache national wildlife refuge , socorro county , new mexico . the number of known pregnant females is indicated with a “p” in parentheses .

western jumping mice are found primarily in moist fields , thickets , and woodlands , especially where grasses , sedges , or other green plant cover is dense . they are also found in grassy edges of streams , ponds , and lakes , usually within 50 meters of water .

this small rodent builds a globular nest of dry grass and leaves , usually in an underground burrow , in a hollow log or fallen tree , or in a pile of brush ( 1 ) ( 2 ) ( 3 ) ( 4 ) ( 5 ) . burrows may be dug by the mouse itself , or taken over from another small animal . the entrance is concealed during the day ( 2 ) ( 3 ) . the breeding season of the woodland jumping mouse runs from may to early september , although births usually peak in june and august ( 1 ) ( 2 ) ( 3 ) ( 5 ) ( 6 ) . the gestation period is about 21 to 29 days ( 1 ) ( 2 ) ( 5 ) , and litter size ranges from 2 to 7 ( 2 ) ( 3 ) . females sometimes have two litters a year , particularly in more southerly populations ( 1 ) ( 2 ) ( 3 ) ( 5 ) .

meadow jumping mice are recognized for their extremely long tails and long hind feet . small and slender , they differ from woodland jumping mice in that they do not have a white - tipped tail and are generally duller in color . adults have a dark or olive brown band on their back , which is paler in juveniles . the sides are a pale yellowish - brown , with black hairs lining them , and the underparts are white or buffy - white . the tail has few hairs , is dark brown on top and yellow - white on the bottom , and is longer than the body . the coat is short , thick , and mostly coarse . these mice undergo a yearly molt that usually starts after mid - june for adults or in august for the juveniles and lasts for about three weeks . meadow jumping mice have small and delicate forelimbs with four toes on each foot . the hind limbs are longer and have five toes . the bottoms of the feet are naked . the head is small and narrow , and the nose is short and pointed . meadow jumping mice are the only mammal with eighteen teeth .

the pygmy mouse lemur is the smallest primate in the world . its head and body are less than two and a half inches long , though its tail is a bit more than twice that length . these threatened nocturnal lemurs live in the dry forests of western madagascar and rarely leave the forests ' trees . little is known of these rare primates .

meadow jumping mice may live in various habitats that have some herbacious cover , but moist grassland is preferred and heavily wooded areas are avoided . grassy fields and thick vegetated areas bordering streams , ponds , or marshes generally support greater numbers . it is possible that these mice prefer habitats with high humidity .

mass varies quite a bit with the season . summer weights range between 11 . 15 and 24 . 8 grams , averaging between 16 and 19 g . before hibernation , meadow jumping mice may reach weights up to , or greater than , 35 g . females may sometimes be slightly larger and weigh more than males .

western jumping mice resemble typical mice in appearance , but with long hind - feet and reduced forelimbs . they range from 22 to 25 cm ( 8 . 7 to 9 . 8 in ) in total length , including a tail 13 to 15 cm ( 5 . 1 to 5 . 9 in ) long , and weigh from 17 to 40 g ( 0 . 60 to 1 . 41 oz ) . the mouse has coarse , dark - greyish - brown fur over the upper body , with a broad yellow to red band along the flanks , and pale yellowish - white underparts . some individuals have white spots on the upper body , or on the tip of the tail . the two sexes are similar in appearance and size ; females have four pairs of

the woodland jumping mouse will live in either nests or burrows . the nests are usually found in hollow logs , under roots of trees or under rocks . the burrows can be found almost anywhere , although they are usually by a plant that can cover the entrance . their nests are made from soft grasses , reeds and leaves . the burrows usually have multiple chambers , each one dug for a different reason . there is usually a room filled with nesting materials such as grass , reeds and leaves , which is used for sleeping or hibernation . second , most mice have a room where they store and horde food for hibernation . and finally , there is , in most cases and room with some nesting material for mating , and where the juveniles will be nursed .

meadow jumping mice have very long tails and very large feet . they are most common in grassy or weedy fields , where they use runways made by other rodents . if they are frightened , they may creep away through the grass , or make a series of short jumps . they have to put on about six grams of fat in the fall , because they burn about a gram a month in their six months of hibernation . jumping mice have litters of 3 - 6 young after an 18 - day gestation period . most of the mice born late in the summer are not able to put on enough weight to survive hibernation . links : mammal species of the world click here for the american society of mammalogists species account

meadow jumping mice primarily eat seeds , but also feed on berries , fruit , and insects . grasses may be cut in sections to reach the seed heads . these mice may leave these piles of grass debris with rachis and glumes on the surface . in the spring , one half of the diet may consist of animal foods after emergence from hibernation . especially important are

birch and jumping mice and jerboas have little significance to humans . in a plague , some jerboas ( stylodipus telum and allactaga elater ) can be invoked into epizootic process . jerboas play a significant role in desert ecosystems . the density of most abundant species such as stylodipus telum , allactaga elater , or pygeretmus pumilio can reach 40–50 individuals per 2 . 5 acres ( 1 ha ) .

meadow jumping mice may be found throughout northern north america . they are found from the atlantic coast to the great plains in the united states , northward throughout the north eastern and north central states to the arctic tree - line of alaska and canada , and as far south as georgia , alabama , arizona , and new mexico . they have the widest known distribution of mice in the subfamily

western jumping mice mate soon after they emerge from hibernation , usually in june . their gestation period is approximately 18 days and they give birth to 3 to 9 young . a newborn weighs about 1 gram . they can have 2 or 3 litters per year but will usually have only one litter . young born too late in the year do not acquire sufficient fat reserves to survive hibernation .

these adaptable primates store fat in their tails and hind legs , burning it when forage is lean . they may store up to 35 percent of their body weight . female lesser mouse lemurs enter a dormant state during madagascar ' s dry season , from april or may to september or october . females are inactive during this time and may not leave their tree holes . during the same season , however , males are more active . they may be establishing breeding hierarchies for the coming mating season .

meadow jumping mice prefer a habitat which is high in humidity . although they may live in many different areas usually with high herbaceous cover , they prefer moist grasslands , and avoid heavily wooded areas . high numbers are usually found in grassy fields , and thick vegetated areas with streams , ponds , or marshes nearby . they prefer large open areas to thickly wooded areas . as was stated before they are found in large parts of the

activity season of male ( black bars ) and female ( white bars ) new mexico meadow jumping mice ( zapus hudsonius luteus ) from ( a ) valley populations and ( b ) montane populations , based on dates of capture recorded on museum specimen labels . julian date equivalents are 121 , 1 may ; 152 , 1 june ; 182 , 1 july ; 213 , 1 august ; 244 , 1 september ; 274 , 1 october ; 305 , 1 november .

banwr is the southernmost location for z . h . luteus along the rio grande and the lowest elevation location ( i . e . , highest temperature equivalent ) where the species is currently known to persist . field studies at banwr have revealed a sharp reduction in detectable above - ground activity of jumping mice during late summer . in 1991 and 1992 , najera ( 1994 ) caught jumping mice in june , july , september and october , but caught none 16 july–10 september , which included a sampling effort of 4 , 708 trap - nights in august ( najera , 1994 ) . in 2009 and 2010 , wright ( 2012 ) captured only a juvenile male on 16 august during a 30 july–17 august 2009 trapping period with an effort of 2 , 910 trap - nights and a 16 g male on 28 august during a 23 august–20 september 2010 trapping period with an effort of 4 , 320 trap - nights ( table 3 ) .

all groups of dipodidae are nocturnal rodents , although the birch mice and jumping mice can be active in the day time ( mostly in the morning or evening ) . jerboas are strictly nocturnal and sleep in individual burrows with the entrance closed by a soil plug during the daytime . pygmy jerboas build plugs with their tail , whereas all other jerboa species use the muzzle . only in spring is it possible to observe jerboas feeding in dusk before sunrise or immediately after sunset .

generalized schematic of the timing of key life history events for the new mexico meadow jumping mice ( zapus hudsonius luteus ) at ( a ) bosque del apache national wildlife refuge ( banwr ) , and ( b ) in montane populations . solid lines represent time frames documented by observation ; dashed lines represent time frames that are inferred based on timing of other observed events . asterisks indicate pregnant females captured at other valley locations ( sambrito creek and isleta ) that suggest a wider possible time frame for pregnancies at banwr .

najera ( 1994 ) and zwank , najera & cardenas ( 1997 ) suspected that breeding at banwr took place as late as august because they caught young of the year animals in october . however , this estimate of breeding date may be incorrect . the size range of jumping mice they caught in october was 15 . 0 to 24 . 5 g ( mean 18 . 5 g ) . these included a 15 . 5 g female on the last date ( 22 october ) jumping mice were caught . according to quimby ( 1951 ) , this female was approximately 70 days old and hence it had a back - calculated parturition date of 13 august and conception date of 23 july . thus , no breeding ( i . e . , conception ) is verified after july at banwr , though some females may not give birth until early august . similarly , at banwr males with scrotal testes were captured most frequently in june and july , with a smaller proportion in may ; none were found after july ( najera , 1994 ; wright , 2012 ) .

western jumping mice are common in meadows , streamsides , and marshes in northwestern mountains . they also occur in subalpine meadows , and are found at low densities in dry , low - elevation , grassy habitats . the mice have one litter per year . the young nurse for about a month , and after weaning have a month and a half to eat seeds and put on the fat they need to hibernate . their summer weight is 18 - 24 g ; just before hibernation , they can weigh up to 35 g . only about half the juveniles who enter hibernation survive the winter . links : mammal species of the world

western jumping mice have yellow sides with a dark band down the middle of their back . their belly is usually white , but can sometimes have a yellow tinge . the body length including the tail is 215 - 260 mm . they have a long tail ( 126 - 160 mm ) that is darker on the top than the bottom . males and females are similar in size and characteristics . weight ranges from 18 to 24 grams , but can reach up to 35 grams before they enter hibernation . the hind feet are very large with each foot measuring 28 - 34 mm and they can hop up to 2 m . each upper tooth row has 4 molariform teeth with the first reduced in size .

the earliest date of pregnancy recorded at banwr is a 21 . 5 g female was captured on 15 june 2014 that was confirmed pregnant through palpation of embryos and presence of enlarged nipples ( banwr , 2014 ) . two additional female jumping mice ( 23 . 5 g and 26 . 5 g ) were caught on 19 june and confirmed pregnant by palpation of fetuses , and presence of enlarged nipples and vulva ( banwr , 2014 ) . in addition , najera ( 1994 ) caught an 8 g juvenile male ( age 21–30 days according to quimby , 1951 ) on 31 july , that likely would have had been conceived 10–19 june ( najera , 1994 ) . given that there is a lag between conception and ability to detect pregnancy , pregnancies may occur as early as the first week of june at banwr .

on basis of observed patterns in phenology of hibernation and reproduction in other jumping mice , i expected for z . h . luteus that : ( 1 ) emergence from hibernation in spring will be later for higher latitudes and higher elevations due to overall cooler climate and hence cooler soil temperatures ; ( 2 ) immergence into hibernation will be later for lower latitudes and lower elevations due to longer growing seasons ; ( 3 ) the active interval will be shorter for montane populations as opposed to valley populations , and ( 4 ) the number of litters possible will be reduced for montane populations . i also report an apparent midsummer hiatus in above ground activity by z . h . luteus at bosque del apache national wildlife refuge ( banwr ) , which is the lowest elevation and warmest site known to be currently occupied by the taxon .

the breeding season of meadow jumping mice occurs shortly after hibernation in late april or may . males emerge from hibernation slightly before females and are ready to mate when the females emerge . within two weeks after emergence , most females are pregnant . pregnancy usually lasts about 18 days , but may be longer for females that are nursing young . a female may have 2 to 3 litters in a year . the average litter size is 5 . 3 , though the number of young ranges between 2 and 9 . in the north , most young are born and weaned between june and august . small and weighing about 0 . 8 g , the newborns are naked , pink , blind , clawless and deaf , but squeak loudly at birth . in the first week , their ears unfold , fur begins to cover their backs , and their claws appear . they begin crawling between the first and second weeks , and by the third week they can hop , creep , and hear . their front teeth have appeared , and they have tawny coats . by the end of the fourth week , the young have adult fur , and open eyes . weaned , they leave their mother between the 28th to 33rd day . those young females born during the spring may reproduce after two months .

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parochromolopis mexicana is a moth in the epermeniidae family .

it was described by gaedike and becker in 1989 .

it is found in mexico ( chiapas ) .

parochromolopis mexicana

parochromolopis mexicana <EOT> this is the place for parochromolopis definition . you find here parochromolopis meaning , synonyms of parochromolopis and images for parochromolopis copyright 2017 © urltoken

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phaulernis fulviguttella , the yellow - spotted lance - wing , is a moth of the family epermeniidae .

epermenia insecurella , the chalk - hill lance - wing , is a moth of the family epermeniidae .


the grey-crowned babbler ( pomatostomus temporalis ) is a species of bird in the family pomatostomidae .

it is found in australia , indonesia , and papua new guinea .

its natural habitats are temperate forests and subtropical or tropical moist lowland forests .

grey - crowned babbler

grey - crowned babbler <EOT> grey - crowned babbler - bird watching in australia with ej - birdwatching . . grey crowned babbler

grey - crowned babbler - bird watching in australia with ej - birdwatching . . grey crowned babbler - youtube

grey - crowned babbler ( pomatostomus temporalis ) grey - crowned babbler female duntroon , act . photo by martin butterfield grey - crowned babbler female duntroon , act . photo by martin butterfield grey - crowned babbler duntroon , act . photo by anthony overs grey - crowned babbler duntroon , act . more

grey crowned babbler & the apostle bird - antique b . . . grey crowned babbler & the apostle bird - antique b . . .

nobody uploaded sound recordings for grey - crowned babbler ( pomatostomus temporalis ) yet .

description : grey - crowned babbler is the largest of the four australian babblers .

robinson d ( 2008 ) grey - crowned babbler in : olsen p , editor .

frontal view of a juvenile grey - crowned babbler preening ( photo courtesy of r . druce )

grey - crowned babbler has some predators such as corvids . grey - crowned babbler is in decline , and disappeared from large parts of its range . next time , this species would become classified as vulnerable .

grey - crowned babbler taking a bath ( photo courtesy of r . russell ) [ mt . molloy , qld ]

the grey - crowned babbler lacks the dark crown of other babblers and has a yellow rather than a dark eye .

grey - crowned babbler is sedentary . family groups defend the territory all year round . territory ranges up to ten hectares .

. grey - crowned babblers are found in australia and in southern new guinea .

observed counts of grey - crowned babblers in sites surveyed in 1995 and 2008 .

grey - crowned babbler , pomatostomus temporlis , is a medium to large sized 25cm to 29cm . the grey - crowned babbler has a light grey crown with a broad white eyebrow , yellow eye in black mask , long down - curved black bill . throat and breast white . the body is shades of grey / brown , tail tipped white . the young grey - crowned babbler have brown eyes for two years . generally found in close family groups of up to 15 birds .

" stereo " grey - crowned babbler tlc ( photo courtesy of r . russell ) [ mount molloy , qld , may 2013 ]

a grey - crowned babbler , race " rubeculus " , was heard by us calling at pine creek , nt , in august 2014 .

lateral view of an immature grey - crowned babbler ( photo courtesy of p . brown ) [ adelaide river , nt , april 2018 ]

grey - crowned babbler peeking out of its nest ( photo courtesy of r . russell ) [ mount molloy , qld , january 2011 ]

* the grey - crowned babbler is listed as threatened on the victorian flora and fauna guarantee act ( 1988 ) . under this act , an action statement for the recovery and future management of this species has been prepared . on the 2007 advisory list of threatened vertebrate fauna in victoria , the grey - crowned babbler is listed as endangered . * the eastern subspecies of the grey - crowned babbler ( p . t . more

grey - crowned babbler preening the underside of its wing ( photo courtesy of r . russell ) [ mount molloy , qld , july 2011 ]

family of grey - crowned babblers taking a bath ( photo courtesy of r . druce )

grey - crowned babblers are gregarious and inquisitive birds ( photo courtesy of r . druce )

lateral view of a grey - crowned babbler ( photo courtesy of m . eaton ) [ bowra station , near cunnamulla , qld , september 2017 ]

near - lateral view of an immature grey - crowned babbler ( photo courtesy of p . brown ) [ adelaide river , nt , april 2018 ]

the grey - crowned babbler is widespread throughout north - western , northern , central and eastern australia . it is also found in papua new guinea .

blackmore cj , heinsohn r ( 2007 ) reproductive success and helper effects in the cooperatively breeding grey - crowned babbler . journal of zoology 273 : 326–332 .

near - frontal view of a grey - crowned babbler ( photo courtesy of m . eaton ) [ bowra station , near cunnamulla , qld , september 2017 ]

near - lateral view of a grey - crowned babbler ( photo courtesy of m . eaton ) [ bowra station , near cunnamulla , qld , september 2017 ]

lateral view of a grey - crowned babbler foraging on the ground ( photo courtesy of m . eaton ) [ near st . george , qld , september 2017 ]

robinson d ( 2006 ) is revegetation in the sheep pen creek area , victoria , improving grey - crowned babbler habitat ? ecological management & restoration 7 : 93–104 .

the grey - crowned babbler is classified as least concern . does not qualify for a more at risk category . widespread and abundant taxa are included in this category .

grey - crowned babblerthe grey - crowned babbler is the largest of australia ' s four babbler species . it is dark brown - grey above , with a distinctive grey crown stripe and a dark face mask that contrasts with a white eyebrow . the chin and throat are white , running into a pale grey lower breast . it has a long , curved bill , short rounded wings with cinnamon brown wing patches and a long tail tipped white . the eye is pale yellow in adults . more

grey - crowned babbler ( pomatostomus temporalis ) filmed at rush creek , se qld april 1996 using canon ex1 hi8 & sigma 400mm lens . grey - crowned babbler ( pomatostomus temporalis ) filmed at rush creek , se qld april 1996 using canon ex1 hi8 & sigma 400mm lens . all » grey - crowned babbler ( pomatostomus temporalis ) filmed at rush creek , se qld april 1996 using canon ex1 hi8 & sigma 400mm lens . « download video - ipod / pspdownload is starting . save file to your computer . more

parameter estimates from the group size submodel of grey - crowned babblers , conditional upon occupancy at a site .

this grey - crowned babbler nest was pinched by a pair of blue - faced honeyeaters ( photo courtesy of r . russell ) [ mount molloy , qld , june 2008 ]

robinson d ( 2008 ) grey - crowned babbler . in : olsen p , editor . the state of australia’s birds 2008 . melbourne : birds australia . pp . 37 .

diet : grey - crowned babbler is insectivorous , foraging as on ground or in trees . it feeds mainly on insects and other invertebrates . it also may consume some seeds .

@ clare : oh geez , jangling keys ? 🙂 i’ll have to google them , i am afraid . or better yet , i’ll have to visit broome without telling you , go hear a grey crowned babbler and then know on your door with a surprise visit . “hello clare , great to meet you ! i am jochen and the grey crowned babbler goes …”

range : grey - crowned babbler is widespread in its range , in north - western , northern , central and eastern australia . it also can be found in papua new guinea .

parameter estimates from the occupancy submodel of grey - crowned babblers for sites at which babblers were detected in 1995 .

alternative parameter estimates from the group size submodel of grey - crowned babblers , conditional upon occupancy at a site .

grey - crowned babbler captured by our team of bird watchers at www . ej - birdwatching . com . learn from the pro ' s and start ticking off that list of lifers .

grey - crowned babbler retention plan = last modified : may 15 , 2010 - 4 : 03 pm protection of biodiversity is a key element of ecologically sustainable development and gloucester shire council recognises the need to make informed planning decisions with regards to threatened species . the grey - crowned babbler is a species of bird found in suitable habitat in and around the township of gloucester . more

r . russell reports finding grey - crowned babblers , race " temporalis " , regularly at mount molloy , qld .

alternative parameter estimates from the occupancy submodel of grey - crowned babblers for sites at which babblers were detected in 1995 .

davidson , i . and robinson , d . ( 1992 ) . ' grey - crowned babbler , pomatostomus temporalis : action statement no . 34 . ' department of conservation and environment : victoria .

voice : sounds by xeno - canto grey - crowned babbler utters loud scolding calls and chattering “wee - oo” . breeding male and female perform duets . female calls “yah” and male “ahoo” . these sounds may be repeated several times . grey - crowned babbler is sometimes named “yahoo” , due to these calls . they are used to maintain pair - bonds between mates , but also as territorial calls .

i was tempted to add nganganghnganga to the “naming” section for the grey - crowned babbler at wikipedia . all those boring english names and not a single indigenous name ! but i doubt it would fit wikipedia guidelines…

this grey - crowned babblers is fanning its tail , displaying the conspicuous white terminal band ( photo courtesy of r . druce )

s2 fig . alternative parameter estimates from the group size submodel of grey - crowned babblers , conditional upon occupancy at a site .

grey - crowned babblers in southeast queensland , 2009 = a project of birds queensland - during 2009 birds queensland is undertaking this project to establish the present status of grey - crowned babblers in southeast queensland , and to compare this with their previous distribution . more

brown jl , dow dd , brown er , brown sd ( 1983 ) socio - ecology of the grey - crowned babbler—population - structure , unit size and vegetation correlates . behavioral ecology and sociobiology 13 : 115–124 .

1 . the eastern form of the grey - crowned babbler pomatostomus temporalis temporalis , formerly ranged throughout eastern australia from south australia , through victoria and broadly through nsw and central queensland up into southern new guinea . the grey - crowned babbler is now extinct in south australia , coastal victoria and the act . in nsw , the grey - crowned babbler occurs on the western slopes and plains but was less common at the higher altitudes of the tablelands . isolated populations are known from coastal woodlands on the north coast , in the hunter valley and from the south coast near nowra ( blakers et al . 1984 , schodde & mason 1999 ) .

flight : grey - crowned babbler performs laborious flight and it is unable to fly over large open area . it prefers to hop in order to reach the treetop , and then it glides down to other tree .

p . brown reports finding grey - crowned babblers , race " rubeculus " , at adelaide river , nt , in april 2018 .

s1 fig . alternative parameter estimates from the occupancy submodel of grey - crowned babblers for sites at which babblers were detected in 1995 .

although listed as vulnerable , we have found grey - crowned babblers , race " temporalis " , in many different locations in inland nsw .

m . mearns reports spotting grey - crowned babblers , race " temporalis " , at bunya mountains np , qld , in december 2015 .

clan of grey - crowned babblers building a nest ( photo courtesy of r . russell ) [ mount molloy , qld , december 2011 ]

like all other babblers of the pomatostomus family , grey - crowned babblers hunt for insects and their larvae in trees and on the ground .

j . greaves reports spotting grey - crowned babblers , race " rubeculus " , at boolardy station , murchison , wa , in august 2016 .

protection / threats / status : grey - crowned babbler is threatened by clearing and fragmentation of its habitat , and removal of dead timber . its habitat is regularly cleared for agriculture . weed invasion and grazing by stock degrades the habitat .

the grey - crowned babbler received no consideration whatsoever by studies for the initial eis . however , as it is a recently - listed species , some work has now had to be undertaken by cumberland ecology ( ce ) for this sis . nevertheless the work achieved for this species is extremely limited . ce ' s records of sightings of grey - crowned babbler appear to have been gleaned by a simple check of the nsw wildlife atlas , and by even more simple guesswork . more

behaviour : grey - crowned babbler is very active and nervous . these birds live in family groups , up to 12 individuals . they defend communal territory . each group includes one pair or a trio , with the young of previous year .

the grey - crowned babbler is a large ( 23–29 cm long , c . 80g ) , sedentary , cooperatively breeding species of woodland bird [ 29 , 30 , 31 ] that was once found throughout much of australia [ 32 ] . however , like many species of woodland birds in australia [ 33 , 34 ] , the grey - crowned babbler has declined in extent and abundance through much of its former range due to extensive clearing of woodland for agriculture [ 35 , 36 ] . these declines have been most evident in the southern part of their range , where land clearing has been most intensive . as a consequence , the grey - crowned babbler is regionally extinct through much of its former range in south - eastern australia [ 35 , 37 ] .

grey - crowned babblers are the only australian babblers with a light - coloured crown . they are also the only australian babblers that do not have black eyes .

grey - crowned babblers , race " temporalis " , are the most common species of babbler in our area , in the north - west slopes and plains of nsw . they are usually found in family clans of 10 - 12 birds , often in roadside vegetation .

with the recent , generous donation from alcoa and birdlife melbourne to assist friends of the grey - crowned babbler with their conservation efforts , it is timely to reflect on what has been achieved with regards to this species’ conservation in victoria and what remains to be done .

friends of the grey - crowned babbler assisted with repeat surveys of babbler sites in 2008 and 2009 and also contributed significantly to the habitat restoration works over the past decade . kelly arbon from trust for nature and jill smith from the department of environment and primary industries generously assisted with gis analyses . thanks to jose lahoz - montfort and will morris for model and code suggestions . david duncan , andrew bennett , martine maron and several anonymous reviewers made pertinent comments on the manuscript . finally , thanks to the many landholders and other land managers whose habitat restoration works over the past decade have contributed significantly to grey - crowned babbler survival in victoria .

land clearing left grey - crowned babblers trying to survive in small , isolated patches of habitat where they are often subjected to the added pressures of stock grazing , rabbits , weeds and feral animals . food , shelter and breeding places became scarce and contributed to the bird’s declining numbers . signs of recovery efforts across victoria to restore grey - crowned babbler habitat are showing early signs that it is possible to bring species back from extinction . more

habitat : grey - crowned babbler lives in wooded areas and open forests with mature eucalypts . it frequents inland plains with open shrub layer and intact ground cover of grass , fallen timber and leaf litter . it also can be found around farms , roadsides and sometimes golf courses .

citation : vesk pa , robinson d , van der ree r , wilson cm , saywell s , mccarthy ma ( 2015 ) demographic effects of habitat restoration for the grey - crowned babbler pomatostomus temporalis , in victoria , australia . plos one 10 ( 7 ) : e0130153 . urltoken

grey - crowned babblers are gregarious birds that are almost always on the move and busy with something . quite often they are seen by us together with a mob of apostlebirds .

the grey - crowned babbler is found in open forests and woodlands , favouring inland plains with an open shrub layer , little ground cover and plenty of fallen timber and leaf litter . may be seen along roadsides and around farms . in south - east melbourne , small populations survive on golf courses .

clan of grey - crowned babblers giving a tree trunk a good working over in search of food ( photo courtesy of r . russell ) [ mount molloy , qld , november 2010 ]

it is now more than twenty years since birds australia initiated its grey - crowned babbler ( babbler ) conservation project in victoria , thanks to a one - year grant from the australian government’s national estate funding program . it is also twenty years since birds australia and other community organisations first applied for funding to do on - ground works to assist with the babblers’ survival . so how is this charismatic and sociable bird faring ?

lateral view of a grey - crowned babbler - note the reddish tint on the bird ' s breast giving this race its name ; this is one of the birds whose calls were recorded on 6 august 2016 ( photo courtesy of j . greaves ) [ boolardy station , murchison , wa , august 2016 ]

“we have already established that the grey - crowned babbler no longer occurs in this region and the scarlet robin is now mainly restricted to french island , the southern emu wren now occurs in only a few localities and is rarely reported , ” he stated in an article in the september mornington peninsula birdlife magazine .

grey - crowned babblers can be found in relatively dry forest and more open woodland , often also under ( even single ) trees with dense shrubs around / under them , including roadside vegetation .

grey - crowned babblers were detected at 58 % and 74 % of the 117 sites in 1995 and 2008 , respectively . observed group sizes during all surveys ranged from one to ten birds (

gregarious , noisy and active , the grey - crowned babbler usually lives and forages in groups of 4–12 birds which are often first detected by their loud harsh or whistled calls . though usually terrestrial , they also occasionally feed in shrubs and the lower levels of trees , tending to be more arboreal than other babblers . more

8 . in view of the above points , the scientific committee is of the opinion that the grey - crowned babbler ( eastern subspecies ) pomatostomus temporalis temporalis , is likely to become endangered unless the circumstances and factors threatening its survival or evolutionary development cease to operate , and is therefore eligible for listing as a vulnerable species .

the nominate race , temporalis , found in the eastern states of australia has a grey lower breast .

m . eaton reports spotting grey - crowned babblers , race " temporalis " , at gatton , qld , in july 2017 , and at bowra station , near cunnamulla , qld , in september 2017 .

expected group size for grey - crowned babblers at average sites for restored and unrestored sites in 1995 and 2008 , the change in group size over that period and the effect of restoration on that change .

it’s not that long ago bird watchers were confronted by the local extinction of the grey - crowned babbler . probably not a bird on everyone’s easily identifiable list , but a loss that was sadly added to the 40 or so species of birds that have disappeared from around frankston and on the mornington peninsula since the arrival of europeans .

race rubeculus , " red - breasted babbler " , of the northern territory and western australia has an orange - tinted breast .

2 . grey - crowned babblers occupy open woodlands dominated by mature eucalypts , with regenerating trees , tall shrubs , and an intact ground cover of grass and forbs . the species builds conspicuous dome - shaped nests and breeds co - operatively in sedentary family groups of 2 - 13 birds ( davidson and robinson 1992 ) . grey - crowned babblers are insectivorous and forage in leaf litter and on bark of trees .

alternative expected group sizes for grey - crowned babblers at average sites for restored and unrestored sites in 1995 and 2008 , the change in group size over that period and the effect of restoration on that change .

we live in gin gin qld and today for the first time we had at least eight of these grey crowned babblers ! ! we were very excited to have a new family visiting us . nancy de george

the scientific committee , established by the threatened species conservation act , has made a final determination to list the grey - crowned babbler ( eastern subspecies ) , pomatostomus temporalis temporalis ( vigors and horsfield , 1827 ) , as a vulnerable species on schedule 2 of the act . listing of vulnerable species is provided for by part 2 of the act .

7 . habitat degradation threatens grey - crowned babblers , particularly as a result of weed invasion and grazing by stock . in addition , it is likely that increased abundance of competitors , such as noisy miners , and nest predators , including the pied currawong and australian raven ( major et al . 1996 ) threaten babbler foraging efficiency and breeding success .

grey - crowned babblers ' nest in unusual surroundings , namely in a plane tree in a garden ; the location of this nest was kindly reported to us by j . faris [ narrabri , nsw , march 2009 ]

s3 fig . alternative expected group sizes for grey - crowned babblers at average sites for restored and unrestored sites in 1995 and 2008 , the change in group size over that period and the effect of restoration on that change .

lateral view of grey - crowned babblers ; note the dark iris of the bird on the right , indicating that it is a juvenile ( photo courtesy of j . greaves ) [ boolardy station , murchison , wa , august 2016 ]

the grey - crowned babbler is the largest of the four australian babblers , reaching to 30 cm long . its distinctive bill is scimitar - shaped , long and heavy . the broad white eyebrow and a pale grey crown - stripe are other distinguishing characters . a dark band passes from the bill through the eye , separating the pale throat and brow to giving a ' masked ' look . it has dark greyish - brown upperparts and is paler brown on the underparts , grading to a whitish throat . more

based on these findings , friends of the grey - crowned babbler continue to implement or support the implementation of their key conservation actions for babblers across these districts . since the project began , twenty years ago , the friends group , working with local landcare groups , conservation agencies and trust for nature has protected and restored more than 2 000 ha of habitat through the euroa - violet town districts .

grey - crowned babblers , race " temporalis " , are seen by us regularly , but infrequently in various locations around narrabri , e . g . 20 km south of narrabri , leard state forest and also at eulah creek , 20 km east of narrabri .

babbler group size decreased over the survey period at sites without restoration works , but restoration works were effective in stemming declines where they were done . restoration was responsible for a difference of about one bird per group of 3 - 5 individuals ; this is an important effect on the reproductive success of the social group . effectiveness of restoration works targeted at the grey - crowned babbler was only demonstrable by sampling through time and including control sites without restoration works . this work demonstrates that while calls for better monitoring of restoration are valid , scope exists to recover a signal of effectiveness from opportunistic retrospective analyses .

picture of the grey - crowned babbler has been licensed under a creative commons attribution - share alike . original source : own work author : avicedapermission ( reusing this file ) i , the copyright holder of this work , hereby publish it under the following license : this file is licensed under the creative commons attribution - share alike 3 . 0 unported license . you are free : to share – to copy , distribute and transmit the work

matthew , j . & christie , d . a . ( 2018 ) . grey - crowned babbler ( pomatostomus temporalis ) . in : del hoyo , j . , elliott , a . , sargatal , j . , christie , d . a . & de juana , e . ( eds . ) . handbook of the birds of the world alive . lynx edicions , barcelona . ( retrieved from urltoken on 9 july 2018 ) .

cale pg ( 1999 ) the spatial dynamics of the white - browed babbler in a fragmented agricultural landscape [ phd thesis ] . armidale , nsw : university of new england .

grey - crowned babblers feed on insects and other invertebrates and sometimes eat seeds . they forage in groups of two to fifteen birds on the ground among leaf litter , around fallen trees and from the bark of shrubs and trees ( they tend to use trees more than other babblers ) .

reproduction : grey - crowned babbler nests in tree , shrubs and saplings . a group includes usually one dominant pair and several non - breeding birds . each family group builds several nests which will be used as communal roosts at night . these large nests are situated at about six metres above the ground . they are dome - shaped , made with twigs , more or less thick and spherical , with lateral entrance . old nest may be renovated and reused year after year .

4 . there are probably no grey - crowned babblers left on the new england tableland ( h . ford , pers . comm . ) and they are now very uncommon in the hunter valley with most family groups reduced to two or four members ( p . cowper , pers . comm . )

grey - crowned babblers sometimes nest in the lower part of a larger bird ' s nest ( e . g . a raven ' s or a raptor ' s ) . they are known to be communal breeders . when building their own nest , we have found them to have a preference for cypress pines .

the grey - crowned babbler is sometimes known as the ‘yahoo - bird’ . this strange name stems from one of the most common calls given by the species . the call is known as ‘antiphonal’ , meaning that it is given by two birds almost in unison , with the ‘ya’ part given by the female , closely followed by the ‘hoo’ given by the male . it is so closely co - ordinated that it sounds as though it is being given by a single bird , and it may be repeated for up to 23 times .

5 . in southern nsw , the size of grey - crowned babbler family groups is also reduced . in a three year study of 15 family groups near west wyalong , the mean number of birds in each group was four ( a . overs , unpubl . ) . such groups are much smaller than those recorded further north near peak hill , where groups averaged 8 - 13 birds ( a . overs , unpubl . ) . the impact of reduced family groups on breeding success is unknown , although it is likely to be detrimental .

grey - crowned babblers live in family groups that consist of a breeding pair and young from previous breeding seasons . a group may consist of up to fifteen birds . an extended family is valuable in the cooperative feeding of young and predator avoidance . all members of the family group remain close to each other when foraging . a soft more

the major cause of the babbler’s decline in victoria has been the loss of their preferred woodland habitat . over the past 150 years these woodlands have been largely cleared for agriculture , mining , urban development and firewood collection . as a consequence , babbler populations have shrunk in size and become isolated from each other . the number of birds in each family group has also declined , because smaller populations of babblers produce fewer young . for this highly social species , therefore , habitat fragmentation has caused major social disruption .

grey - crowned babblers were detected at 58 % and 74 % of the 117 sites in 1995 and 2008 , respectively . observed group sizes during all surveys ranged from one to ten birds ( fig 1 ) . observed counts suggest that at sites with restoration works , fewer sites yielded counts of zero in 2008 , and more groups increased in numbers , than at sites without restoration works ( fig 1 ) .

female lays 2 to 3 brown eggs , with fine markings . incubation lasts about 23 days , by female . several females may lay in the same nest , and all members of the group feed her , and then , help for feeding the young . larger groups raise more young , and this species may produce two broods per year . young fledge at about 23 days after hatching . young birds may stay about one year after fledging with family group , and sometimes , they remain for two or three more years . at this moment , even if they are able to breed , they act as helpers . that is very important for grey - crowned babbler long - term survival .

of our covariates , large trees had the greatest positive effect on babbler group size ( fig 4 ) . larger groups occurred where the density of large trees was higher . babbler group size declined ~ 15 % between 1995 and 2008 at sites without restoration . the presence of restoration works was associated with about 22 % larger groups in 2008 , effectively offsetting the reduction through time . there was a possible small , but uncertain effect of distance , such that the further groups were from the next nearest group , the smaller the group size .

grey - crowned babblers are the most common babblers in our area , around narrabri , new south wales . like all babblers , they come in groups or families and forage in trees or paddocks while continuously communicating with each other . seen regularly in bushland , but also more open country and along roadsides . many family units are happy to live in very little dense vegetation by roadsides , often with only one sufficiently large tree to provide them with shelter . more

the old nests of grey - crowned babblers are used by a variety of other birds : blue - faced honeyeaters sometimes nest on top of the dome . yellow - rumped thornbills may nest underneath and are even tolerated in active nests . facts and figures research species : yes minimum size : 25 cm maximum size : 29 cm average size : 27 cm average weight : 81 g breeding season : july to february clutch size : usually two to three , up to five if more than one female . more

adult has greyish - brown upperparts . long tail is darker , tipped with white . wings are short and rounded with orange - buff wing patches . underparts are paler , with chestnut - brown lower breast , belly and vent . chin and throat are white . on the head , forehead , crown and nape are pale greyish - white , with indistinct grey band in the centre of crown . we can see dark grey band from lores , through the eye , and joining the mantel , giving a “masked” appearance . bill is thin , pointed and down curved . it is black , with pale base on lower mandible . eyes are yellow . legs and feet are grey . both sexes are similar . juvenile has dark eyes . they turn yellow when they are about three years old .

based on unpublished research into the effects of distance to other babbler groups on likelihood of site occupancy ( d . robinson unpubl . data ) , [ 47 ] , we also measured on a gis the straight - line distance from the mid - point of each site to the nearest known group of babblers ( during 2005–2008 ) to reflect the capacity of babblers to leave or colonize the site .

the data presented in this study from two primary surveys separated by 13 years demonstrate that the average number of birds in babbler social groups has declined without restoration , but habitat restoration works have stemmed declines at sites where they have been carried out . because we have sampled through time , included controls , accounted for potential pre - existing differences , we assert that habitat restoration has been effective locally .

i agree that some bird guides are not the most effective to translate bird calls and songs into words . even more , i think that , sometimes , authors are not doing their best into this essential part of the bird description . how to explain that david sibley righfully describes the call of the golden - crowned kinglet as “a very high , thin , slighly buzzing zee zee zee” ( for me it’s more like tssee tssee tssee ) , without mentioning the similar call of the creeper ? on the creeper side , though , the similarity between the calls is noted , with “a very high sree similar to golden crowned kinglet , but single and with a relaxed liquid quality” .

in response to the rapid decline of this species in the state of victoria , a habitat restoration program began in 1994 , when the estimated victorian population consisted of only 260 family groups and was still declining [ 38 ] . subsequent studies have suggested the number of babblers and average family group size have increased in the project areas since habitat restoration works began [ 39 , 40 ] . in none of these examples , however , was it possible to demonstrate robust relationships between the restoration works and the demographic or population responses of the species . the aim of this study thus was to quantify the effectiveness of a targeted habitat restoration program aimed at reversing declines in the occupancy and abundance of grey - crowned babblers .

of the two races of grey - crowned babblers , nominate race " temporalis " is found in qld and nsw eastward of a line connecting the southern tip of the gulf of carpentaria with bourke , nsw . they also live in the hill ranges of vic , but not along the southern coastal fringe in vic and nsw , up to the hunter river valley . they are also not found on the coastal fringe around townsville , qld . race " rubeculus " , which is endemic to australia , is found to the west of the tip of the gulf of carpentaria , roughly north of the tropic of capricorn into the eastern nt . they also populate the entire top end of the nt and the kimberley in wa , plus an area around alice springs . their range includes a large area of western wa , along the gascoyne to fitzroy rivers and farther inland from there , to halfway to the nt border .

] , coupled with the generally open habitats , suggest that counts of zero from sites included in babbler home ranges are dominated by the babblers being unavailable during a survey rather than observers failing to detect all birds of the group when they are in fact present at the survey site . therefore we consider this process the availability of the group to be surveyed conditional upon the site being within the group’s home range . we only allow for false negatives , i . e . missed birds , and not false positives—double counting or misidentification seems unlikely for this distinctive species . thus , we write :

the mean group size at occupied sites in 1995 was 4 . 5 ( 3 . 8 , 5 . 5 ) ( fig 5 ) . in 2008 at sites that had not been restored , this had fallen by 0 . 6 birds ( - 1 . 5 , 0 . 3 ) to 3 . 9 ( 3 . 1 , 5 . 0 ) . by contrast , sites that were restored had babbler groups averaging 4 . 6 birds ( 3 . 9 , 6 . 0 ) in 2008 . the difference in the change between 1995 to 2008 due to restoration was on average 0 . 8 bird per group ( - 0 . 1 , 1 . 8 ) .

it is my fear that the field guides of the next generation ( applications on portable devices such as iphones ) will reduce the analysis of the bird song to a simple ( or , say , a serie of ) recordings of it , without explaining or pointing out the diagnostic part of the song . the song of the ruby crowned kinglet , for instance , eluded me for 2 years ( mind you , i am a rookie , as you know ) , until i discover “birding by ear” , pointing out the diagnostic introductory 2 notes .

jochen roeder was born in germany and raised to be a birder . he also spent a number of years abroad , just so he could see more birds . one of his most astounding achievements is the comprehension that yellow - crowned night - herons do not exist , as he failed to see any despite birding in north america for more than two years . he currently lives near heidelberg , one of the most boring places for a birder to live , a fact about which he likes to whinge a lot . when he is not birding or trying to convince his young son that patiently scanning some fields for migrants is more fun than working the jungle gym of a playground , he enjoys contemplating the reasoning behind the common names of birds . he first became famous in the bird blog world on bell tower birding .

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christidis , l . and boles , w . e . 2008 . systematics and taxonomy of australian birds . csiro publishing , collingwood , australia .

justification : this species has an extremely large range , and hence does not approach the thresholds for vulnerable under the range size criterion ( extent of occurrence < 20 , 000 km2 combined with a declining or fluctuating range size , habitat extent / quality , or population size and a small number of locations or severe fragmentation ) . despite the fact that the population trend appears to be decreasing , the decline is not believed to be sufficiently rapid to approach the thresholds for vulnerable under the population trend criterion ( > 30 % decline over ten years or three generations ) . the population size has not been quantified , but it is not believed to approach the thresholds for vulnerable under the population size criterion ( < 10 , 000 mature individuals with a continuing decline estimated to be > 10 % in ten years or three generations , or with a specified population structure ) . for these reasons the species is evaluated as least concern .

the global population size has not been quantified , but the species is reported to be locally common ( coates 1990 , flegg and madge 1995 ) . trend justification : this population is in decline owing to ongoing habitat loss and degradation and perhaps introduced predators and herbivores ( del hoyo et al . 2007 ) .

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recommended citation birdlife international ( 2018 ) species factsheet : pomatostomus temporalis . downloaded from urltoken on 09 / 07 / 2018 . recommended citation for factsheets for more than one species : birdlife international ( 2018 ) iucn red list for birds . downloaded from urltoken on 09 / 07 / 2018 .

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pomatostomus temporalis temporalis : e australia ( cape york pen . to c victoria and se s australia )

howard and moore 4th edition ( incl . corrigenda vol . 1 - 2 ) :

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– s new guinea ( trans - fly region ) and e & se australia .

23–27 cm ; 60–85 g . distinctive large pomatostomid with broad supercilium , white or rufous breast , and prominent rufous patch on wing ( concealed when wing closedt . . .

various harsh chattering contact notes ; distinctive “ya - hoo” antiphonal duet by . . .

mainly insects , including weevils ( curculionidae ) and other beetles ( coleoptera ) , grasshoppers ( orthoptera ) , bugs ( hemiptera ) , butterfly . . .

recorded in dec and feb in new guinea and in all months , but mainly jul–feb , in australia . breeds co - operatively , in groups . . .

sedentary , but some evidence for local movements or nomadism . almost all recoveries are from within . . .

not globally threatened ( least concern ) . fairly common to scarce . estimated population densities 0·08–0·6 birds / ha ; in se queensland , 33 groups recorded . . .

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a bird feeding on what seems to be a caterpillar before calling once and stretching its wings and tail .

a group of seven birds calling from roadside vegetation . eastern rosellas can also be heard calling .

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birds of new guinea including bismarck archipelago and bougainville all of the 943 species known to occur are covered , including the extraordinarily high total of 456 endemics , as well as 5 introduced species , 2 species yet to be formally described and a separate appendix with 75 vagrants . subspecies are listed also to give a comprehensive overview of the remarkable regional avifauna .

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taxonomic source ( s ) christidis , l . and boles , w . e . 2008 . systematics and taxonomy of australian birds . csiro publishing , collingwood , australia . christidis , l . ; boles , w . e . 2008 . systematics and taxonomy of australian birds . csiro publishing , collingwood , australia . del hoyo , j . , collar , n . j . , christie , d . a . , elliott , a . , fishpool , l . d . c . , boesman , p . and kirwan , g . m . 2016 . hbw and birdlife international illustrated checklist of the birds of the world . volume 2 : passerines . lynx edicions and birdlife international , barcelona , spain and cambridge , uk .

population justification : the global population size has not been quantified , but the species is reported to be locally common ( coates 1990 , flegg and madge 1995 ) .

trend justification : this population is in decline owing to ongoing habitat loss and degradation and perhaps introduced predators and herbivores ( del hoyo et al . 2007 ) .

previously published on avocet as av5536 . certainty : 100 % . id determined by : not specifically indicated ; recordist normally sees birds recorded and indicates if any question ; matches cut in fgab . gps : geohack . the nasal wok work calls

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the overall distribution of this species can be assessed based on sighting reports submitted by birdwatchers to urltoken .

they are often found by us in roadside vegetation , mostly along relatively quiet country roads .

many family units are happy to live in very little dense vegetation by roadsides , often with only one sufficiently large tree to provide them with shelter . in late october 2005 we spotted six separate groups in the area of yarrie lake and bohena , west to south - west of narrabri , along roadsides over a distance of only 20 km .

for this species we have recorded the following call ( s ) / song . the interpretation of their meaning is our own ; comments and suggestions for improvement are welcome .

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