anacampsis lacteusochrella is a moth of the gelechiidae family .

it was described by chambers in 1875 .

it is found in north america , where it has been recorded from california .

adults are creamy white or white very faintly suffused with ochreous , sparsely flecked with brown upon the forewings , which become towards the tip , suffused with greyish , or purplish-brown and ochreous , so that a white costal streak at the beginning of the cilia may be distinguished from the surrounding part of the wing .

anacampsis lacteusochrella

anacampsis lacteusochrella <EOT> compsolechia lacteochrella [ = lacteusochrella ] meyrick , 1925 ; in wytsman , genera insectorum 184 : 123 ( emend . )

anacampsis malella amsel , 1959 ; bull . soc . ent . egypt . 43 : 65

anacampsis sacramenta keifer , 1933 ; calif . dept . agric . , mon . bull . 22 : 362

gelechia ( anacampsis ) tristrigella walsingham , 1882 ; trans . amer . ent . soc . 10 : 181

anacampsis languens meyrick , 1918 ; exotic microlep . 2 ( 5 ) : 142 ; tl : ecuador , duran

anacampsis aedificata meyrick , 1929 ; exot . microlep . 3 ( 16 ) : 507 ; tl : brazil , para

anacampsis diplodelta meyrick , 1922 ; trans . ent . soc . lond . 1922 : 76 ; tl : brazil , parintins

anacampsis embrocha meyrick , 1914 ; ann . transv . mus . 4 ( 4 ) : 192 ; tl : new hanover

anacampsis flexiloqua meyrick , 1922 ; trans . ent . soc . lond . 1922 : 80 ; tl : peru , iquitos

anacampsis idiocentra meyrick , 1922 ; trans . ent . soc . lond . 1922 : 80 ; tl : brazil , santarem

anacampsis nonstrigella busck , 1906 ; can . ent . 38 ( 4 ) : 121 ; tl : oak station , pennsylvania

anacampsis parviocellatella bruand , 1850 ; mém . soc . doubs 3 ( 3 , livr . 5 - 6 ) : 40

anacampsis petrographa meyrick , 1922 ; trans . ent . soc . lond . 1922 : 79 ; tl : brazil , obidos

anacampsis poliombra meyrick , 1922 ; trans . ent . soc . lond . 1922 : 77 ; tl : brazil , parintins

anacampsis cosmia meyrick , 1921 ; ann . transv . mus . 8 ( 2 ) : 77 ; tl : natal , durban

anacampsis lapidella walsingham , 1897 ; proc . zool . soc . lond . 1897 : 81 ; tl : west indies , grenada

anacampsis quinquepunctella walsingham , 1897 ; proc . zool . soc . lond . 1897 : 80 ; tl : west indies , grenada

anacampsis conistica walsingham , 1910 ; biol . centr . - amer . lep . heterocera 4 : 35 ; tl : mexico , sonora

anacampsis lithodelta meyrick , 1922 ; trans . ent . soc . lond . 1922 : 77 ; tl : peru , jurimaguas , iquitos

anacampsis lupinella busck , 1901 ; can . ent . 33 ( 1 ) : 14 ; tl : high park , toronto , canada

anacampsis perquisita meyrick , 1922 ; trans . ent . soc . lond . 1922 : 78 ; tl : brazil , para , teffé

anacampsis insularis walsingham , 1897 ; proc . zool . soc . lond . 1897 : 81 ; tl : west indies , st . thomas

anacampsis solemnella ; park , 1991 , ann . hist . - nat . mus . hung . 83 : 121 ; [ nhm card ]

anacampsis capyrodes meyrick , 1922 ; trans . ent . soc . lond . 1922 : 80 ; tl : brazil , obidos , parintins , teffé

anacampsis rivalis meyrick , 1918 ; exotic microlep . 2 ( 5 ) : 141 ; tl : s . india , shevaroys ; ceylon , kandy

anacampsis ursula walsingham , 1910 ; biol . centr . - amer . lep . heterocera 4 : 35 ; tl : mexico , morelos , cuernavaca

anacampsis fragariella busck , 1904 ; proc . u . s . nat . mus . 27 ( 1375 ) : 760 ; tl : pullman , washington

anacampsis argyrothamniella busck , 1900 ; proc . u . s . nat . mus . 23 ( 1208 ) : 231 ; tl : palm beach , florida

anacampsis primigenia meyrick , 1918 ; exotic microlep . 2 ( 5 ) : 141 ; tl : colombia , cali , 500ft ; ecuador , huigra , 4500ft

anacampsis cornifer walsingham , 1897 ; proc . zool . soc . lond . 1897 : 79 ; tl : west indies , st . croix ; st . thomas

anacampsis paltodoriella busck , 1903 ; proc . u . s . nat . mus . 25 ( 1304 ) : 848 ; tl : mesilla park , new mexico

anacampsis triangularis braun , 1923 ; proc . calif . acad . sci . ( 4 ) 12 ( 10 ) : 118 ; tl : angeles bay , lower california

anacampsis considerata meyrick , 1922 ; trans . ent . soc . lond . 1922 : 78 ; tl : brazil , parintins , manaos , teffé ; peru , jurimaguas , iquitos

anacampsis phytomiella busck , 1914 ; proc . u . s . nat . mus . 47 ( 2043 ) : 8 ; tl : alhajuela , cabima and porto bello , panama

anacampsis coverdalella kearfott , 1903 ; j . n . y . ent . soc . 11 : 162 , pl . 9 , f . 13 ; tl : natchitoches parish , louisiana

anacampsis rhabdodes walsingham , 1910 ; biol . centr . - amer . lep . heterocera 4 : 36 , pl . 1 , f . 30 ; tl : mexico , tabasco , teapa

anacampsis lagunculariella busck , 1900 ; proc . u . s . nat . mus . 23 ( 1208 ) : 230 , pl . 1 , f . 6 ; tl : palm beach , florida

anacampsis primigenia ; [ nhm card ] ; [ sangmi lee & richard brown ] ; landry & roque - albelo , 2010 , revue suisse zool . 117 ( 4 ) : 735 , 699 ( list )

anacampsis psoraliella barnes & busck , 1920 ; contr . nat . hist . lepid . n . am . 4 ( 3 ) : 226 , pl . 28 , f . 10 ; tl : iowa , sioux city

anacampsis meibomiella forbes , 1931 ; j . agric . porto rico 15 ( 4 ) : 376 , pl . 42 , f . 16 ; tl : puerto rico , " e . e . a . de cuba "

anacampsis populella ; [ nacl ] , # 2246 ; [ nhm card ] ; lee , hodges & brown , 2009 , zootaxa 2231 : 31 ; sumpich & skyva , 2012 , nota lepid . 35 ( 2 ) : 173 ; [ fe ]

anacampsis niveopulvella ; busck , 1904 , proc . u . s . nat . mus . 27 ( 1375 ) : 761 ; [ nacl ] , # 2243 ; [ nhm card ] ; lee , hodges & brown , 2009 , zootaxa 2231 : 31

anacampsis ( anacampsini ) ; lee , hodges & brown , 2009 , zootaxa 2231 : 30 ; [ sangmi lee ] ; landry & roque - albelo , 2010 , revue suisse zool . 117 ( 4 ) : 735 , 699 ( list ) ; [ fe ]

anacampsis quinquepunctella ; walsingham , 1910 , biol . centr . - amer . lep . heterocera 4 : 35 , pl . 1 , f . 35 ; meyrick , 1929 , exot . microlep . 3 ( 16 ) : 507 ; [ nhm card ] ; [ sangmi lee & richard brown ]

anacampsis lagunculariella ; brown , adamski , hodges & bahr , 2004 , zootaxa 510 : 78 ; busck , 1914 , proc . u . s . nat . mus . 47 ( 2043 ) : 7 ; [ nacl ] , # 2240 ; [ nhm card ] ; [ sangmi lee & richard brown ] ; lee , hodges & brown , 2009 , zootaxa 2231 : 31

820x623 ( ~ 87kb ) russia , moscow area , 14 . 8 . 2008 , photo © d . smirnov

the exact identification of this species is still unknown , but tentatively assumed to belong into this group .

compsolechia anisogramma meyrick , 1927 ; exot . microlep . 3 ( 12 ) : 353 ; tl : china , shanghai

larva on argyrothamnia blodgettii busck , 1900 , proc . u . s . nat . mus . 23 ( 1208 ) : 231

untomia cenelpis walsingham , 1911 ; biol . centr . - amer . lep . heterocera 4 : 77 , pl . 2 , f . 34 ; tl : mexico , tabasco , teapa

chlorodecta ( meyrick , 1932 ) ( compsolechia ) ; exotic microlep . 4 ( 7 ) : 197

compsolechia comparanda meyrick , 1929 ; exot . microlep . 3 ( 16 ) : 506 ; tl : arizona , palmerlee ; texas , alpine

crypticopa ( meyrick , 1931 ) ( gelechia ) ; an . mus . nac . hist . nat . buenos aires 36 : 384

larva on fragaria busck , 1904 , proc . u . s . nat . mus . 27 ( 1375 ) : 761

= ; hodges , 1986 , moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 1 : 14 ; lee , hodges & brown , 2009 , zootaxa 2231 : 30

lita fuscella eversmann , 1844 ; fauna lep . volgo - uralensis . . . : 581

tachyptilia hirsutella constant , 1885 ; ann . soc . ent . fr . ( 6 ) 4 : 256 , pl . 10 , f . 17 ; tl : alpes - maritimes

homoplasta ( meyrick , 1932 ) ( compsolechia ) ; exotic microlep . 4 ( 7 ) : 197

gelechia ( tachyptilia ) innocuella zeller , 1873 ; verh . zool . - bot . ges . wien 23 ( abh . ) : 249 ; tl : texas

agriastis inquieta meyrick , 1914 ; trans . ent . soc . lond . 1914 : 253 ; tl : british guiana , bartica

aproaerema kearfottella busck , 1903 ; proc . u . s . nat . mus . 25 ( 1304 ) : 842 ; tl : new jersey

larva on laguncularia racemosa busck , 1900 , proc . u . s . nat . mus . 23 ( 1208 ) : 231

strobisia levipedella clemens , 1863 ; proc . ent . soc . philad . 2 : 4

compsolechia lignaria meyrick , 1926 ; exot . microlep . 3 ( 10 ) : 292 ; tl : e . siberia , khaborowsk

larva on lupinus perennis busck , 1901 , can . ent . 33 ( 1 ) : 15

maculatella ( lucas , 1956 ) ( tachyptilia ) ; bull . soc . sci . nat . maroc 35 : 256

gelechia multinotata meyrick , 1918 ; exotic microlep . 2 ( 5 ) : 134 ; tl : british guiana , bartica , mallali

gelechia niveopulvella chambers , 1875 ; can . ent . 7 ( 11 ) : 210 ; tl : canada

agriastis nocturna meyrick , 1914 ; trans . ent . soc . lond . 1914 : 252 ; tl : british guiana , mallali

tachyptilia panormitella caradja , 1920 ; dt . ent . z . iris 34 ( 1 / 2 ) : 106

agriastis peloptila meyrick , 1914 ; trans . ent . soc . lond . 1914 : 251 ; tl : british guiana , mallali

gelechia pomaceella walker , 1864 ; list spec . lepid . insects colln br . mus . 29 : 620 ; tl : ega

larva on populus tremula , salix caprea , s . alba , s . spp .

agriastis prasina meyrick , 1914 ; trans . ent . soc . lond . 1914 : 251 ; tl : british guiana , mallali

larva on croton scouleri , exedeconus miersii landry & roque - albelo , 2010 , revue suisse zool . 117 ( 4 ) : 737

larva on prunus salicina park , 1991 , ann . hist . - nat . mus . hung . 83 : 121

gelechia subactella walker , 1864 ; list spec . lepid . insects colln br . mus . 30 : 1026 ; tl : australia ?

larva on salix phylicifolia , s . caprea , s . lapponum , s . repens

gelechia tephriasella chambers , 1872 ; can . ent . 4 ( 4 ) : 68 ; tl : kentucky

cathegesis tridentella walsingham , 1910 ; biol . centr . - amer . lep . heterocera 4 : 28 , pl . 1 , f . 24 ; tl : mexico , guerrero , amula , 6000ft

tachyptila trifoliella constant , 1890 ; bull . soc . ent . fr . 1889 : cxxv

gelechia ( teleia ) viretella zeller , 1877 ; horae soc . ent . ross . 13 : 340 , pl . 4 , f . 110

[ afromoths ] de prins , j . & de prins , w . , 2013

sangmi lee , richard brown & sibyl bucheli . gelechioidea - a global framework ;

[ ² ] this may require parentheses or not . i don ' t have the necessary information for this taxon .

expedition of the california academy of sciences to the gulf of california in 1921 . the tineid moths

icones insectorum rariorum cum nominibus eorum trivialibus , locisque e c . linnaei . . . systema naturae allegatis . holmiae

lepidoptera britannica , sistens digestimen novam lepidopterorum quae in magna britannica reperiunter . . . adjunguntur dissertationes variae ad historiam naturalam spectantes

die schmetterlinge deutschlands und der schweiz . 2 . abteilung , kleinschmetterlinge . 2 . die motten und federmotten

systematische bearbeitung der schmetterlinge von europa , zugleich als text , revision und supplement zu j . hübner ' s sammlung europäischer schmetterlinge , die schaben und federmotten , ( 1847 - ) 1853 - 1855 )

the moths of america north of mexico including greenland . fascicle 7 . 1 . gelechioidea , gelechiidae ( part ) , dichomeridinae

zeller , 1877 exotische microlepidopteren horae soc . ent . ross . 13 : 3 - 493 , pl . 1 - 6

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powell , j . a . & p . a . opler , moths of western north america , pl . 10 . 31m ; p . 101 . book review and ordering

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species catalog enables to sort by characteristics such as expansion , flight time , etc . .


monocirrhus polyacanthus , also known as the amazon leaffish is a species of fish belonging to the polycentridae family .

it inhabits the often brackish waters , both clear and turbid , of peru , brazil , bolivia , colombia and venezuela in the amazon river basin .

it reaches a maximum length of 8.0 centimetres ( 3.1 in ) .

they are extremely specialized ambush predators that hunt by drifting towards prey animals ( almost invariably another fish ) and quickly swallowing them when they get close enough .

these fish are sometimes kept in aquariums but are notoriously challenging aquarium inhabitants , requiring copious amounts of live fish ( they can eat their body weight in fish daily ) and soft , acidic , very clean water reminiscent of the amazonian habitats they hail from .

monocirrhus polyacanthus

monocirrhus polyacanthus <EOT> an amazon leaffish ( monocirrhus polyacanthus ) at steinhart aquarium , california academy of sciences . ( image credit : ben young landis / cc - by )

amazon leaffish ( monocirrhus polyacanthus ) at the steinhart aquarium , california academy of sciences . ( image credit : ben young landis / cc - by )

another fabulous fish species i got to see up close at the california academy of sciences during my visit last thursday was the amazon leaffish ( monocirrhus polyacanthus ) .

south american leaf fish ( monocirrhus polyacanthus ) are unusual looking fish from the family nandidae . members of this family are predatory fish whose main diet consists of other fish .

evolution is a wonderful thing , throwing up a diversity of life that evades even the mind of the most creative sci - fi author . monocirrhus polyacanthus is as alien as anything that might turn up on mars .

barros , b . & h . higuchi . 2007 . notes on morphological characters in early developed amazonian leaffish monocirrhus polyacanthus ( polycentridae , perciformes ) . kempffiana , 3 ( 2 ) : 18 - 22 . [ links ]

catarino , mf , j zuanon . 2010 . feeding ecology of the leaf fish monocirrhus polyacanthus ( perciformes : polycentridae ) in a terra firme stream in the brazilian amazon . neotropical ichthyology 8 ( 1 ) : 183 - 186 . doi : 10 . 1590 / s1679 - 62252010000100022

a species tank is highly preferable although m . polyacanthus can be kept with medium - sized loricariids and armoured catfish without too many problems .

breeding monocirrhus is not suggested for those who want high success rates . as a fish with strict demands , it tends to appeal to a smaller audience and shifting on fry may prove the most difficult aspect of reproduction .

the family polycentridae is known for its remarkable morphological specialization associated to predatory behavior ( liem , 1970 ) . the family is represented by two species in the amazon basin , including the leaf fish monocirrhus polyacanthus heckel , 1840 , which is widely distributed in rivers and lakes of the region ( britz & kullander , 2003 ) , mostly in upland ( henceforth terra firme ) streams .

m . polyacanthus exhibits chromatic ( colour ) changes when required . altering from dark brown through to autumnal yellow , the fish can adapt for whatever conditions are required .

most captivating of all is the camouflage and mimicry of monocirrhus . there are many words to describe aspects of its procryptic behaviour , where it emulates the drifting of a dead leaf , and there’s argument about how such behaviour should be classified .

south american leaf fish belong to the tiny family polycentridae . the genus monocirrhus shares this family with its relative genus polycentrus , typified by the species p . schomburgkii — but this latter fish fails to captivate on the same level , lacking the advanced camouflage of the former .

difficult to maintain in captivity and not a species for the beginner . in addition to being a voracious predator , m . polyacanthus is also a flighty species that is very sensitive to deteriorations in water quality .

both share massive protracted mouths and stalk in similar ways , but m . polyacanthus has the edge over its relative with a faster feeding speed and , with a strike time of only 0 . 2 seconds or less , it’s one of the world’s fastest eaters .

many m . polyacanthus have been caught at one particular region and their gut contents analysed , finding an average of 64 % fish matter and 36 % invertebrate . of the latter much was of insects that weren’t always aquatic based , although many shrimps were also found .

there’s the associated issue of increased pathogen burden at higher ph values and these fish are not equipped to deal with opportunistic bacteria and fungi . statistically it would seem that , after starvation , disease susceptibility is the most common cause of death among captive m . polyacanthus .

rather than just resorting to colours typical of a camouflaged fish , m . polyacanthus goes much further . the fish has come not just to share colour with dead foliage , but to copy its shape , right down to the leaf tip – hence that characteristic ' beard ' .

during a survey of the fish fauna of the amanã sustainable development reserve ( rdsa ) conducted in 2002 and 2003 , 49 specimens of m . polyacanthus were collected with hand nets close to the riparian vegetation , and amidst aquatic macrophytes , and with fine - meshed seine nets in shallow stream margins of baré stream , a terra firme tributary of amanã lake . those specimens gave us the opportunity to study the diet of m . polyacanthus in that area , so aiming to contribute to a better understanding of the feeding habits of this remarkable , leaf - mimicking fish species .

any signs of ill health need to be addressed early and for a fish that’s difficult to see , observation can prove quite time consuming . m . polyacanthus will attain a maximum length of 8cm / 3 . 1” over this time , but will reach its full adult size much sooner .

fishes usually use camouflage to avoid the detection by visually oriented predators , by presenting color patterns that resemble their surroundings ( e . g . sazima et al . , 2006 ) . however , camouflage and mimicry are not employed just as a defensive strategy , but also as an aggressive tactic . the leaf fish monocirrhus polyacanthus typically lives in small terra firme streams , and presents a general body morphology , color pattern , and swimming behavior that remarkably resemble a soaked dead leaf slowly drifting in the water current ( liem , 1970 ; britz & kullander , 2003 ) , which are probably used to facilitate predation . moreover , the highly protrusible mouth of the leaf fish ( which may correspond to 60 % of the head length when fully expanded ; cf . waltzek & wainwright , 2003 ) may allow an efficient strike after slowly approaching the prey .

carnivorous and will only accept live food . when small , they will accept live bloodworm and small earthworms but in the long term require a piscivorous diet . do not keep this species if you are not willing to provide a constant supply of live feeder fish , as m . polyacanthus can consume its own body weight daily . some specimens can be weaned onto live river shrimp but this is the exception rather than the rule .

the size of the collected specimens of m . polyacanthus averaged 67 . 2 ± 15 . 2 mm ( n = 49 ) . it was possible to determine the sex of 22 specimens , of which 10 were males ( 50 . 2 ± 13 . 1 mm sl , ranging 32 . 3 to 73 . 1 mm ) and 12 were females ( 52 . 3 ± 12 . 8 mm sl ; 31 - 82 mm ) . thirty - three preys were found in the 19 stomachs of m . polyacanthus that contained food . fish were the only prey type encountered in the stomach contents of 12 specimens ( 63 . 15 % fo ) , while invertebrates only were present in four other stomachs ( 21 . 05 % fo ) ; both fish and invertebrates were found in the digestory tracts of three specimens ( 15 . 8 % fo ) . only two prey fishes were found in an advanced state of digestion and could not be adequately identified .

monocirrhus polyacanthus ( polycentridae ) é uma espécie de peixe cuja aparência e hábitos mimetizam uma folha morta à deriva , e que habita igarapés e margens de rios e lagos da bacia amazônica . a despeito de seu reconhecido comportamento predatório e do fato de ser frequentemente explorada no comércio internacional de peixes ornamentais , pouco se conhece sobre sua dieta em condições naturais . nós examinamos 35 exemplares de peixe - folha ( 28 , 5 - 82 , 0 mm cp ) , dos quais 19 continham presas no estômago . trinta e três presas foram encontradas , das quais foi possível estabelecer o comprimento total de 19 delas ( 2 , 0 - 33 , 0 mm ct ) . até cinco presas foram encontradas no estômago de um único exemplar . a dieta dos peixes - folha foi constituída por peixes ( n = 12 ; 63 , 15 % fo ) e invertebrados ( n = 4 ; 21 , 05 % fo ) ; peixes e invertebrados ocorreram juntos em três estômagos examinados ( 15 , 8 % fo ) . das 33 presas encontradas nos estômagos analisados , 21 foram peixes e 12 invertebrados . dentre os peixes consumidos , characiformes e perciformes representaram 76 , 1 % e 14 , 2 % , respectivamente . characidae foi a família de presas mais comum , seguida de lebiasinidae . invertebrados ( presas ) foram representados por camarões ( decapoda ) e insetos ( coleoptera , hymenoptera , ephemeroptera e odonata ) . constatou - se uma relação positiva entre o tamanho do predador e da presa . a combinação da camuflagem corporal do peixe - folha , a baixa atividade dos caracídeos nos horários de crepúsculo e a eficiência do mecanismo de captura de presas por sucção , provavelmente possibilitam a captura de presas ágeis e de hábitos nectônicos . a posição encurvada dos peixes nos estômagos dos exemplares de m . polyacanthus possivelmente facilita a acomodação simultânea de mais de uma presa no estômago , o que deve ser especialmente importante para predadores que consomem presas grandes e apenas ocasionalmente .

the coiled position of the preys encountered in the stomach of m . polyacanthus has already been observed in the stomach of other fish - eating species , such as the catfishes phractocephalus hemioliopterus ( pimelodidae ) and denticetopsis macilenta ( cetopsidae ) ( j . zuanon , pers . obs . ) , in the ogre catfish asterophysus batrachus ( auchenipteridae ; zuanon & sazima , 2005 ) , and the marine sardine chirocentrodon bleekerianus ( pristigasteridae ) ( sazima et al . , 2004 ) . this arrangement of the preys inside the stomach may maximize the use of space in the digestory tract , allowing the allocation of a higher number of preys , which seems to be especially important for predators that consume proportionally large preys that are captured only occasionally .

of the 33 preys found in the stomachs of m . polyacanthus , 21 were fish and 12 were invertebrates . characiformes ( 16 ) and perciformes ( 3 ) represented 76 . 1 % fn and 14 . 2 % fn of the preys respectively . among the characiformes , characidae was the most commonly recorded prey family ( 62 . 5 % fn ; n = 10 ) , followed by lebiasinidae ( 37 . 5 % fn ; n = 6 ) . both families were represented by three species each : hemigrammus analis , h . belottii and hemigrammus sp . ( characidae ) ; and nannostomus eques , n . unifasciatus and n . trifasciatus ( lebiasinidae ) . perciformes were not identified to species level due to the advanced state of digestion of these preys ( table 1 ) .

invertebrates were mostly found in the guts of small specimens of m . polyacanthus ( between 28 . 5 and 54 . 2 mm sl ) , whereas fish constituted the only prey of the larger leaf fish specimens ( fig . 2 ) . of the 33 preys consumed by the leaf fishes , only 19 were found whole and accurately measured . fish and invertebrate preys ranged 11 . 0 - 33 . 0 mm sl and 2 . 0 15 . 0 mm tl respectively . mean prey size corresponded to 34 . 9 % of the predator size ( n = 19 ) . there was a positive relation between the sizes of the leaf fish specimens and the consumed preys ( r 2 = 0 . 44 , f = 13 . 24 , p = 0 . 002 , n = 19 ) ( fig . 3 ) .

greek , monos = one + latin , cirrus = curl ( ref . 45335 )

freshwater ; benthopelagic ; ph range : 5 . 0 - 6 . 0 ; dh range : 5 - 8 . tropical ; 22°c - 25°c ( ref . 1672 )

south america : amazon river basin in peru , brazil , bolivia , columbia , and venezuela .

maturity : l m ? range ? - ? cm max length : 8 . 0 cm sl male / unsexed ; ( ref . 50082 )

britz , r . and s . o . kullander , 2002 . polycentridae ( leaffishes ) . p . 603 - 604 . in r . e . reis , s . o . kullander and c . j . ferraris , jr . ( eds . ) checklist of the freshwater fishes of south and central america . porto alegre : edipucrs , brasil . ( ref . 50082 )

phylogenetic diversity index ( ref . 82805 ) : pd 50 = 1 . 1250 [ uniqueness , from 0 . 5 = low to 2 . 0 = high ] .

bayesian length - weight : a = 0 . 01995 ( 0 . 00906 - 0 . 04395 ) , b = 3 . 01 ( 2 . 83 - 3 . 19 ) , in cm total length , based on all lwr estimates for this body shape ( ref . 93245 ) .

trophic level ( ref . 69278 ) : 4 . 2 ±0 . 73 se ; based on food items .

resilience ( ref . 69278 ) : high , minimum population doubling time less than 15 months ( ) .

vulnerability ( ref . 59153 ) : low vulnerability ( 10 of 100 ) .

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found in shallow water with little or no flow in areas where fallen leaves collect .

soft acidic water is essential . the aquarium should be dimly - lit , with floating plants in order to diffuse the light further . heavy planting with large - leaved varieties such as echinodorus species is also recommended to make this fish feel secure , as they can be very nervous . other hiding places in the form of driftwood should also be provided . any water movement should be kept to a minimum .

can be achieved in captivity . the breeding tank should be thickly planted with broad - leaved plants with soft , acidic water ( ph 6 . 0 - 6 . 5 , 1 - 5 dh ) . it should be warm ( above 77°f ) and dimly - lit . a single pair should be used and conditioned with lots of live food .

during spawning the male will intensify in colour and the female will display an ovipositor . the pair drift past each other at the water surface and may continue to do this for up to an hour before the male retreats to allow the female to deposit her eggs , which she sometimes does whilst upside down . he then returns to fertilise them . the female should be removed after spawning , as the male may turn on her .

up to 300 eggs may be laid on the underside of a large leaf or overhanging rock . the male tends to these , using his fins to fan them . the eggs hatch in 3 - 4 days and the male can also be removed at this point . the fry will start taking brine shrimp nauplii as soon as their yolk sacs are absorbed . any food must be of the swimming variety as the young will not feed from the tank bottom . they should then be fed the fry of other fish as they grow . they can eat incredible amounts for their size and must be separated as soon as differing growth rates become apparent , or they will predate upon their siblings . the maintenance of high water quality is essential or there will be many losses .

an incredibly - adapted species , this fish is camouflaged to mimic a dead leaf , both in body shape and pattern . it can change colour to match its surroundings and has a projection from its bottom lip that resembles a leaf stalk . when hunting , it stalks its prey in a head - down stance , appearing to drift towards it like a dead leaf drifting in a current . in reality , the fish is propelled by tiny movements of its transparent fins . when it strikes at an item of prey the entire mouth protrudes outwards , forming a large tube into which the prey is sucked , usually head first . this happens so quickly it is often difficult to see . it can swallow prey almost as big as itself in this way .

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nathan hill identifies a masquerading predator that really is like no other hunter . meet the master of camouflage .

for fans of predatory fish , these south american leaf mimics pose a not inconsiderable challenge . they are tricky to feed , demand impeccable water and spend much time invisible among foliage . however , seeing them behaving naturally in an aquarium is a reward justifying all your work . what’s more , they sport brilliant goatee beards !

this theme has been adopted by other south americans – notably farlowella , the twig catfish – but the leaf fish never gives the game away by resorting to the fishy movements of many other mimics .

leaf fish evolution has even taken into account the most common failing of predators – the obvious shape of the eye . in this case its profile has been blurred with shaded lines running straight through . this is a focused predator .

many myths surround this fish , especially where feeding is concerned . opinions range over optimal conditions and some assumptions have lasted too long without question .

the leaf fish is often referred to as an obligate piscivore , feeding exclusively on fish , but this is an erroneous assumption . studies on wild - caught specimens revealed a range of foods in the gut and even though fish feature highly by no means do they form the only diet .

these findings suggest they will happily take bugs dropping in the water — and suggest feeding alternatives for captive fish . of the fish consumed , 75 % of identifiable content were either tetra of the hemigrammus genus or nannostomus pencilfishes .

in these wild fish , average prey size was up to 35 % of the hosts’ length , which is considerably less than of - touted folklore that these will readily eat fish more than half their own size .

even feeding behaviour has evolved fascinating features . as well as its high - speed strike and associated oral structure , the fish have a remarkable way of ‘layering’ prey fish inside , curling their meal so that both head and tail are pointing back towards the mouth . this allows multiple fishes to be ‘stacked’ in order , allowing the leaf fish to stockpile prey should meals become scarce .

the mouth is cavernous but thin , extending out in front and comprising almost 60 % of the length of the head .

it’s common to find leaf fish among the leaves they have copied , although they seem almost indifferent to the model they have evolved to replicate . they tend to drift in solitary fashion , enjoying the concealment and prey advantages offered by dwelling among shoreside vegetation – often grasses and reeds .

swimming and stalking technique is spectacular . although equipped with fins as any other fish , those used in locomotion are hyaline — lacking pigmentation . the two pectoral fins are difficult to see and both the tips of the anal and dorsal fins are equally transparent , and it is through the high - speed flitting of these fins that the fish maintains rigid posture while moving and closing in for the kill .

when drifting it characteristically swims side on . the fish bends and sways but rarely moves upright , just as a floating leaf would not . having mastered this form of swimming , the leaf illusion is complete .

literature notes one of these fishes’ earliest collections , from 1920 , when the task involved simply poisoning an entire stream and seeing what bobbed up . it was only by chance that the gasping behaviour of the leaf fish separated it from other leaf shapes drifting down the now dying waterway .

leaf fish are demanding , not least over the issue of feeding . these are incredibly hard to wean from live foods and only recommended to the most dedicated aquarists experienced in shifting live feeders to dead foods .

dead feeding is not unknown and some keepers report leaf fish even accepting dead fare from hand . an ample supply of river shrimp should be considered in the early stages , along with insects and even earthworms . it would be wise to gut load invertebrate foods first , feeding something nutritious that will transfer to the leaf fish .

water parameters should be kept as close as feasible to wild conditions . water temperature varies in the wild , but will be acceptable between 22 - 25°c / 72 - 77°f and ph needs to be low , optimally between 5 . 0 and 6 . 0 , if these fish are to be at their best .

hardness would benefit from being equally low , with gh values of 5 - 8° dh frequently suggested .

as this fish only inhabits slow moving or static water , aquarium flow should be similarly mild . i always favour external canisters and with ample flow restriction and diffusion over a wide area — say a spray bar — an optimal flow can be achieved . my preference for an external rests in part on the maintenance issue . leaf fish are nervous and prone to acute stress , so as little hands - on interaction inside the tank as possible is wise .

in contradiction to slow flow , excellent water conditions are vital . ammonia , nitrite and nitrate are not tolerated and water changes must be performed at the first instance .

similarly , the fish appears to react badly to medications and these should probably be considered only as a last resort .

lighting levels are best broken up with ample floating plants , but this is not a nocturnal fish and will be out and about in your tank during daylight . dark substrates are wise but not essential , but leaf litter bases seem to be accepted most readily . planting is a must and any type , be it broad - leafed , bushy or grassy , will be much appreciated .

kept correctly , you can expect a good 8 - 9 years from a leaf fish , but be vigilant during that time .

sexing leaf fish is usually possible when the fish engage in spawning , but can be awkward beforehand . the fish are sexable and sexually mature at just 4cm / 1 . 6” long and when an ovipositor can be viewed in active females . it can be hard to ascertain just which is a pair from a collection .

spawning can be induced with either a rise in temperature , increase in acidity , or both . successful nurturing of water conditions will see the fish take turns to clean a surface – most commonly a leaf – before breeding starts .

anywhere up to 300 eggs will be laid in one sitting and the male tends to care , although not without harassment from the female , and it would be prudent to remove her at this stage . at intervals from 60 hours on the fry will start to free swim and the male will pay little or no attention to them at this stage , his parental attention waning .

the fry are ravenous and cannibalistic , consuming tiny organisms and each other with equal aplomb . a good supply of all things small and wriggling should be provided at this stage , although some hobbyists report success feeding their juveniles with powdered and dried foods .

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like other members of its family , the south american leaf fish is predatory , despite its relatively small size . it reaches an adult length of only a little of over 3 inches ( 7 - 8 cm ) in length .

this fish has a laterally compressed body and coloration resembling a leaf , hence the name " leaf fish . " they also have a small protrusion extending from their bottom lip .

like most south american fish , leaf fish do best with soft , slightly acidic water , and a water temperature between 74 - 80 °f ( 23 - 27°c ) .

leaf fish spend a good portion of their time oriented with their head facing toward the bottom of the tank , as shown in the photo on this page .

their tank should be heavily planted , with dim lighting , and lots of hiding places .

not only do these fish resemble a leaf in color and body shape , but even their movements resemble a leaf floating through the water . to see how this fish moves through the water watch the you tube video below to see a south american leaf fish in its natural habitat .

leaf fish are carnivorous fish and their diet consists of mainly small live fish . keep this in mind when choosing their tank mates . they may also take live worms and brine shrimp , especially when young .

males and females look similar to one another , although you may be able to see an ovipositor on the female when she is in breeding condition . breeding sometimes occurs in the aquarium , especially in soft , acidic water . filtering the water through peat and providing lots of hiding places will encourage them to breed .

during spawning , the pair will clean off a rock , leaf , or some other flat surface . after spawning takes place the male guards the eggs . remove the female at this point .

after the eggs hatch in a few days and the fry are free swimming , feed them newly hatched brine shrimp .

image of south american leaf fish from wikimedia commons and published under the gnu free documentation license 1 . 2 .

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disclaimer : itis taxonomy is based on the latest scientific consensus available , and is provided as a general reference source for interested parties . however , it is not a legal authority for statutory or regulatory purposes . while every effort has been made to provide the most reliable and up - to - date information available , ultimate legal requirements with respect to species are contained in provisions of treaties to which the united states is a party , wildlife statutes , regulations , and any applicable notices that have been published in the federal register . for further information on u . s . legal requirements with respect to protected taxa , please contact the u . s . fish and wildlife service .

measuring only around 3 inches ( 8 cm ) , this small freshwater fish is a native of the amazon river basin in south america .

it is called the “leaffish” because of its ability to imitate a dead leaf drifting in the water . from its coloration down to its curious habit of floating sideways — using its camouflage and its thin , flat body to sneak up on unsuspecting prey , usually a small fish or shrimp ( catarino and zuanon 2010 ) .

once its little transparent pectoral fins maneuver the leaffish into position , its highly extendable , quick - draw jaws do the rest .

the leaffish is a staple of nature documentaries when they have to do a “weird and strange fish” list episode . so let’s jump to the videos !

and look — a video from the california academy of sciences on leaffish ! here , the steinhart aquarium staff are feeding their leaffish collection with what appears to be about a bajillion little brine shrimp .

fish are amazing and underrated creatures . join me as i geek out and explore the amazing diversity of fish species on our planet . read more about our journey or look up our index of species featured so far .

ben young landis is a science writer and consultant by day , amateur cook by night , and fish geek 24 / 7 . drop a line at @ younglandis or via email .

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neotrop . ichthyol . vol . 8 no . 1 porto alegre jan . / mar . 2010

i universidade federal do amazonas , laboratório de ecologia pesqueira , mini campus , setor sul , bloco z , manaus , am , brazil . michelcatarino @ urltoken ii instituto nacional de pesquisas da amazônia , coordenação de pesquisas em biologia aquática , cp 478 , 69011 - 970 manaus , am , brazil . zuanon @ urltoken

the leaf fish is a small - sized species that reaches up to 80 mm in standard length ( sl ) , and presents distinct morphological characteristics , such as the absence of a lateral line , a large and protractile mouth , a petiole - like filament in the lower jaw , and a laterally compressed body , strongly resembling a dead leaf in format and color pattern ( nelson , 1994 ) ( fig . 1 ) .

although present throughout the amazon basin and frequently exploited by the ornamental fish trade , the leaf fish is apparently not as locally abundant as several other species commonly encountered in the same habitat ( gutiérrez , 2003 ) . such low abundance results in its rarity in fish collections and may explain the scarcity of information about its natural history and diet . most of the available information on its feeding behavior refers to captive specimens maintained under aquarium conditions ( liem , 1970 ; barros & higuchi , 2007 ) .

the amanã reserve is a 2 , 35 million ha conservation unit located between the basins of the black water negro river and the white water japurá and solimões rivers ( 1º30 ' - 3º05 ' s 62º50 ' - 65º00 ' w ) , in the amazonas state , brazil .

all collected leaf fish specimens were immediately preserved in 10 % formalin , later transferred to 70 % ethanol , and measured ( sl , mm ) . the abdominal cavities of 35 specimens were opened to determine the sex , and the presence of food in the stomach . the stomachs were then dissected and examined under a stereoscopic microscope . the position of the preys in the stomachs was verified and registered . prey items were identified to the lowest taxonomic level possible , quantified ( n ) , and measured ( fish : sl , mm ; invertebrates : total length , tl , mm ) whenever possible . the importance of each prey taxon was calculated based on its frequency of occurrence ( fo % ) in relation to the number of stomachs with food ( hyslop , 1980 ) . the relative contribution of fish preys were also expressed as frequency by numbers ( fn % ) , calculated as the number of preys in each category ( taxonomical order and family ) in relation to the total number of fishes found in the stomachs . a linear regression was employed to investigate the relation between the paired size of the leaf fish specimens and its preys . unfortunately , the dissected specimens were discarded after analyzed , but the accurate collecting locality of the studied sample warrants the possibility of further taxonomic confirmation of the species identity if needed .

invertebrates were represented by 12 specimens of crustaceans ( decapoda and conchostraca ) and insect remains ( coleoptera , hymenoptera and larvae of ephemeroptera and odonata , table 1 ) .

most preys found in the stomachs of leaf fish specimens were swallowed whole , despite their proportionally large dimensions when compared to the predator ' s size . large sized prey fish were occasionally found occupying the whole space from the lower portion of the esophagus to the end of stomach , especially when the gut was filled with more than one prey . in these cases the large prey fishes were found in a coiled ( ' ' u ' ' shaped ) position with head and tail directed to the head of the predator .

we thank to instituto de desenvolvimento sustentável mamirauá ( fepim ) for the financial and logistic support , to jonas alves de oliveira for the help during field work , and to fernando p . mendonça for allowing the use of the leaf fish photo . this is contribution # 20 of projeto igarapés . j . zuanon receives a productivity grant from cnpq ( process # 311023 / 2006 - 1 ) .

britz , r . & s . o . kullander . 2003 . family polycentridae . pp . 603 - 604 . in : reis , r . , s . o . kullander & c . j . ferraris jr . ( eds . ) . check list of the freshwater fishes of south and central america . porto alegre , edipucrs , 729p . [ links ]

gutiérrez , a . l . 2003 . análisis de algunos aspectos tróficos y reproductivos de la comunidad de peces de um cano de águas negras amazónicas en cercanías de leticia ( amazonas , colombia ) . unpublished monograph , universidad nacional de colombia , bogotá , 132p . [ links ]

heckel , j . 1840 . johann natterer ' s neue flussfische brasilien ' s nach den beobachtungen und mittheilungen des entdeckers beschrieben ( erste abtheilung , die labroiden . ) . annalen des wiener museums der naturgeschichte , 2 : 327 - 470 . [ links ]

hyslop , e . j . 1980 . stomach content analysis : a review of methods and their applications . journal of fish biology , 17 : 411 - 429 . [ links ]

liem , k . f . 1970 . comparative functional anatomy of the nandidae ( pisces : teleostei ) . fieldiana , zoology , 56 : 1 - 166 . [ links ]

nelson , j . s . 1994 . fishes of the world . new york , john wiley and sons , 600p . [ links ]

sazima , c . , r . l . moura & i . sazima . 2004 . chirocentrodon bleekerianus ( teleostei : clupeiformes : pristigasteridae ) , a small predaceous herring with folded and distinctively oriented prey in stomach . brazilian journal of biology , 1 : 165 - 168 . [ links ]

sazima , i . 2002 . juvenile snooks ( centropomidae ) as mimics of mojarras ( gerreidae ) , with a review of aggressive mimicry in fishes . environmental biology of fishes , 65 : 37 - 45 . [ links ]

sazima , i . , l . n . carvalho , f . p . mendonça & j . zuanon . 2006 . fallen leaves on the water - bed : diurnal camouflage of three night active fish species in an amazonian streamlet . neotropical ichthyology , 4 ( 1 ) : 119 - 122 . [ links ]

waltzek , t . b . & c . wainwright . 2003 . functional morphology of extreme jaw protrusion in neotropical cichlids . journal of morphology , 257 : 96 - 106 . [ links ]

weitzmann , s . 1978 . three new species of fishes of the genus nannostomus from the brazilian states of pará and amazonas ( teleostei : lebiasinidae ) . smithsonian contributions to zoology , 263 : 1 - 14 . [ links ]

weitzmann , s . & j . s . cobb . 1975 . a revision of the south american fishes of the genus nannostomus günther ( family lebiasinidae ) . smithsonian contributions to zoology , 186 : 1 - 36 . [ links ]

zuanon , j . a . s . & ferreira , e . g . 2008 . feeding ecology of fishes in the brazilian amazon - a naturalistic approach . pp . 1 - 34 . in : cyrino , j . e . p . , d . p . bureau & b . g . kapoor ( eds . ) . feeding and digestive functions in fishes . ensfield , science publishers , 575p . [ links ]

zuanon , j . & i . sazima . 2005 . the ogre catfish : prey scooping by the auchenipterid asterophysus batrachus . aqua journal of ichthyology and aquatic biology , 1 : 15 - 22 . [ links ]

universidade estadual de maringá núcleo de pesquisas em limnologia , ictiologia e aquicultura / coleção ictiologia av . colombo , 5790 87020 - 900 maringá , pr , brasil tel . : ( 55 44 ) 3011 4632 neoichth @ urltoken


antaeotricha lindseyi is a moth in the depressariidae family .

it was described by william barnes and august busck in 1920 .

it is found in north america , where it has been recorded from california , arizona and new mexico .

the wingspan is 25 – 28 mm .

adults are similar to antaeotricha schlaegeri , but the forewings are somewhat longer , narrower and more pointed and the dark dorsal area , which in schlaegeri is interrupted by white shortly beyond the middle of the wing , is continued to the tornus .

the hindwings of the males are dark brownish or blackish fuscous , very considerably darker than those of schlaegeri .

antaeotricha lindseyi

antaeotricha lindseyi <EOT> © copyright ron parry 2016 · 3 antaeotricha schlaegeri , male - or - a . - lindseyi

antaeotricha lindseyi ( barnes and busck , 1920 ) : az , cochise co . , mgcl 2075♂ .

californa moth specimen database record details seq _ num : 32032 genus : antaeotricha species : lindseyi sex : location : cottonwood camp county : sierra collector : g . kareofelas coll _ date : jul 22 99 sp . . . more

antaeotricha lindseyi ; duckworth , 1964 , proc . u . s . nat . mus . 116 ( 3495 ) : 30 , pl . 1 b ; [ nacl ] , # 1012 ; [ nhm card ] ; [ sangmi lee & richard brown ]

stenoma lindseyi barnes & busck , 1920 ; contr . nat . hist . lepid . n . am . 4 ( 3 ) : 239 , pl . 29 , f . 2 ; tl : paradise ; white mts . , arizona ; fort wingate , new mexico

antaeotricha decorosella : mo , benton co . , mgcl 2166♂ ( mgcl ) .

antaeotricha fuscorectangulata duckworth , 1964 : az , cochise co . , mgcl 1728♂ .

a new antaeotricha species from southeastern arizona ( gelechioidea , elachistidae , stenomatinae ) .

antaeotricha suffumigata walsingham , 1897 ; 98 ; tl : mount gay est . , grenada

the new species keys to couplet 8 in barnes and busck ( 1920 : 238 ) , requiring a new line , “forewings pure white without discal spots . ” in the key of duckworth ( 1964 : 27 ) , males run to couplet 13 ( antaeotricha unipunctella or antaeotricha vestalis ) , and females run to antaeotricha osseella or antaeotricha unipunctella . new keys are provided below that include antaeotricha floridella and another species described after 1964 .

antaeotricha spp . habitus . 1 antaeotricha floridella , holotype male , dorsum 2 same , venter 3 labels of holotype 4 female , marion co . florida ( fsca ) 5 antaeotricha floridella , marion co . florida ( t . s . dickel collection ) , lateral view of male head 6 antaeotricha osseella , putnam co . florida ( fsca ) 7 antaeotricha albulella , male , alachua co . florida ( fsca ) 8 antaeotricha albulella , male with grayish hind wings , suwannee co . florida ( fsca ) 9 antaeotricha albulella , female , alachua co . florida ( fsca ) . scale bars = 5 mm .

antaeotricha haesitans ( walsingham , 1912 ) : tx , hidalgo co . , mgcl 2065♂ .

a new antaeotricha species from utah and new mexico ( gelechioidea : elachistidae : stenomatinae ) .

two new species of antaeotricha zeller from southeastern arizona ( gelechioidea : elachistidae : stenomatinae ) .

the antaeotricha albulella group ( including antaeotricha osseella , antaeotricha unipunctella , and antaeotricha decorosella ) is probably a recent radiation , with antaeotricha floridella as a peninsular vicariant . it is not simply a peripheral isolate of antaeotricha albulella , because it lacks the autapomorphies of the latter species ( the broad gnathos and prominent sviii pads ) . preliminary genetic data corroborates the species’ distinct status . a specimen of antaeotricha floridella in the cnc , dissected by j . - f . landry , has a slightly greater percentage distance than intraspecific clusters of antaeotricha albulella based on mtco1 ( j . - f . landry , pers . comm . 2014 ) . the sequence data are available at : urltoken . study of more genetic data should be useful to clarify the antaeotricha albulella group . all species and populations should be sampled and the data analyzed with character - based phylogenetic methods to discover diagnostic apomorphies . collection of antaeotricha specimens across known phylogeographic discontinuities in north central florida and the panhandle could demarcate the northern limit of the distribution of antaeotricha floridella ( soltis et al . 2006 ) .

antaeotricha albulella , antaeotricha osseella , and antaeotricha floridella adults are active at the same time and location . john b . heppner has caught all three species at the welaka forest conservation station , 28–31 july 1986 . a male specimen each of antaeotricha albulella and antaeotricha floridella were collected at pellicer creek ( flagler co . ) on 10 april 1954 ( cmnh ) . the road numbers in ocala national forest changed in 2008 : forest road 88 is now 11 , and 97 is now 09 .

antaeotricha irene ( barnes and busck , 1920 ) : tx , hidalgo co . , mgcl 2066♂ .

antaeotricha malachita meyrick , 1915 ; exot . microlep . 1 ( 13 ) : 404 ; tl : british guiana

antaeotricha parastis van gyen , 1913 ; bol . mus . nac . chile 5 : 339 ; tl : collipulli

antaeotricha platydesma meyrick , 1915 ; exot . microlep . 1 ( 13 ) : 405 ; tl : british guiana

antaeotricha praerupta meyrick , 1915 ; exot . microlep . 1 ( 13 ) : 394 ; tl : british guiana

antaeotricha utahensis : az , cochise co . , mgcl 1703♂ ; nm , grant co . , mgcl 1720♂ .

antaeotricha brochota meyrick , 1915 ; exot . microlep . 1 ( 13 ) : 396 ; tl : peru , yquitos

antaeotricha carabophanes meyrick , 1932 ; exotic microlep . 4 ( 10 ) : 289 ; tl : colombia , san antonio

antaeotricha epignampta meyrick , 1915 ; exot . microlep . 1 ( 13 ) : 395 ; tl : peru , pacaya

antaeotricha gravescens meyrick , 1926 ; exot . microlep . 3 ( 8 ) : 237 ; tl : colombia , minero

antaeotricha iras meyrick , 1926 ; exot . microlep . 3 ( 8 ) : 237 ; tl : peru , 12000ft

antaeotricha isotona meyrick , 1932 ; exotic microlep . 4 ( 10 ) : 291 ; tl : panama , trinidad river

antaeotricha lysimeris meyrick , 1915 ; exot . microlep . 1 ( 13 ) : 391 ; tl : peru , pacaya

antaeotricha nerteropa meyrick , 1915 ; exot . microlep . 1 ( 13 ) : 395 ; tl : peru , pacaya

antaeotricha neurographa meyrick , 1922 ; exotic microlep . 2 ( 20 ) : 614 ; tl : brazil , novo friburgo

antaeotricha serangodes meyrick , 1915 ; exot . microlep . 1 ( 13 ) : 400 ; tl : panama , chiriqui

antaeotricha arystis meyrick , 1915 ; exot . microlep . 1 ( 13 ) : 402 ; tl : british guiana , bartica

antaeotricha camarina meyrick , 1915 ; exot . microlep . 1 ( 13 ) : 401 ; tl : british guiana , mallali

antaeotricha deltopis meyrick , 1915 ; exot . microlep . 1 ( 13 ) : 390 ; tl : british guiana , bartica

antaeotricha hapsicora meyrick , 1915 ; exot . microlep . 1 ( 13 ) : 399 ; tl : brazil , sao paulo

antaeotricha lecithaula meyrick , 1914 ; exot . microlep . 1 ( 13 ) : 401 ; tl : british guiana , bartica

antaeotricha monocolona meyrick , 1932 ; exotic microlep . 4 ( 10 ) : 293 ; tl : bolivia , cochabamba , incachaca

antaeotricha pactota meyrick , 1915 ; exot . microlep . 1 ( 13 ) : 391 ; tl : british guiana , bartica

antaeotricha paracrypta meyrick , 1915 ; exot . microlep . 1 ( 13 ) : 405 ; tl : british guiana , bartica

antaeotricha phaeosaris meyrick , 1915 ; exot . microlep . 1 ( 13 ) : 394 ; tl : british guiana , mallali

antaeotricha protosaris meyrick , 1915 ; exot . microlep . 1 ( 13 ) : 406 ; tl : british guiana , bartica

antaeotricha pseudochyta meyrick , 1915 ; exot . microlep . 1 ( 13 ) : 393 ; tl : bartica , british guiana

antaeotricha sparganota meyrick , 1915 ; exot . microlep . 1 ( 13 ) : 389 ; tl : british guiana , bartica

antaeotricha thesmophora meyrick , 1915 ; exot . microlep . 1 ( 13 ) : 392 ; tl : british guiana , bartica

antaeotricha trochoscia meyrick , 1915 ; exot . microlep . 1 ( 13 ) : 396 ; tl : british guiana , mallali

the two previously published keys to antaeotricha are based on wing pattern ( barnes and busck 1920 ) or genitalia ( duckworth 1964 ) . we provide two revised keys based on maculation and genitalia that treat pale - winged species of antaeotricha and similar gelechioids .

antaeotricha aglypta meyrick , 1925 ; exot . microlep . 3 ( 5 - 7 ) : 174 ; tl : brazil , teffé

antaeotricha amicula zeller , 1877 ; horae soc . ent . ross . 13 : 317 , pl . 4 , f . 96

antaeotricha capsulata meyrick , 1918 ; exotic microlep . 2 ( 7 ) : 199 ; tl : french guiana , r . maroni

antaeotricha cleopatra meyrick , 1925 ; exot . microlep . 3 ( 5 - 7 ) : 166 ; tl : brazil , teffé

antaeotricha congelata meyrick , 1926 ; exot . microlep . 3 ( 8 ) : 236 ; tl : peru , cocapata , 12000ft

antaeotricha cryeropis meyrick , 1926 ; exot . microlep . 3 ( 5 - 7 ) : 167 ; tl : mexico , guerrero

antaeotricha eucoma meyrick , 1925 ; exot . microlep . 3 ( 5 - 7 ) : 168 ; tl : brazil , manaos

antaeotricha hydrophora meyrick , 1925 ; exot . microlep . 3 ( 5 - 7 ) : 171 ; tl : peru , iquitos

antaeotricha manceps meyrick , 1925 ; exot . microlep . 3 ( 5 - 7 ) : 172 ; tl : peru , jurimaguas

antaeotricha milictis meyrick , 1925 ; exot . microlep . 3 ( 5 - 7 ) : 163 ; tl : brazil , teffé

antaeotricha nimbata meyrick , 1925 ; exot . microlep . 3 ( 5 - 7 ) : 175 ; tl : peru , iquitos

antaeotricha nitescens meyrick , 1925 ; exot . microlep . 3 ( 5 - 7 ) : 171 ; tl : brazil , para

antaeotricha orthriopa meyrick , 1925 ; exot . microlep . 3 ( 5 - 7 ) : 166 ; tl : brazil , parintins

antaeotricha percnogona meyrick , 1925 ; exot . microlep . 3 ( 5 - 7 ) : 170 ; tl : peru , iquitos

antaeotricha plerotis meyrick , 1925 ; exot . microlep . 3 ( 5 - 7 ) : 165 ; tl : peru , pacaya

antaeotricha resiliens meyrick , 1925 ; exot . microlep . 3 ( 5 - 7 ) : 173 ; tl : brazil , parintins

antaeotricha sana meyrick , 1926 ; exot . microlep . 3 ( 8 ) : 235 ; tl : colombia , sosomoko , 2650ft

antaeotricha sarcinata meyrick , 1918 ; exotic microlep . 2 ( 7 ) : 200 ; tl : french guiana , r . maroni

antaeotricha serarcha meyrick , 1930 ; exot . microlep . 3 ( 18 - 20 ) : 556 ; tl : brazil , caraca

antaeotricha sortifera meyrick , 1930 ; exot . microlep . 3 ( 18 - 20 ) : 557 ; tl : bolivia , cochabamba

antaeotricha stringens meyrick , 1925 ; exot . microlep . 3 ( 5 - 7 ) : 164 ; tl : brazil , teffé

antaeotricha suffumigata ; duckworth , 1969 , smithson . contr . zool . 4 : 4 ; [ sangmi lee & richard brown ]

antaeotricha superciliosa meyrick , 1918 ; exotic microlep . 2 ( 7 ) : 198 ; tl : french guiana , r . maroni

antaeotricha synercta meyrick , 1925 ; exot . microlep . 3 ( 5 - 7 ) : 173 ; tl : brazil , parintins

antaeotricha tornogramma meyrick , 1925 ; exot . microlep . 3 ( 5 - 7 ) : 171 ; tl : brazil , parintins

antaeotricha tractrix meyrick , 1925 ; exot . microlep . 3 ( 5 - 7 ) : 172 ; tl : brazil , obidos

antaeotricha xuthosaris meyrick , 1925 ; exot . microlep . 3 ( 5 - 7 ) : 175 ; tl : brazil , teffé

antaeotricha arizonensis ferris , 2010 : az , cochise co . , mgcl 1733♂ ; az , cochise co . , mgcl 1734♀ .

antaeotricha spp . dissected genitalia . 10–15 ( males ) : 10 antaeotricha floridella male genitalic capsule and phallus ( marion co . florida , mgcl slide 1672 ) 11 antaeotricha floridella ( martin co . florida , mgcl slide 1679 ) 12 antaeotricha floridella , male genitalia in external view 13 antaeotricha albulella , sarasota co . florida ( fsca , mgcl slide 1736 ) ; 14 . antaeotricha osseella , marion co . florida ( fsca , mgcl slide 1698 ) 15 antaeotricha albulella , levy co . florida , detail ( fsca , mgcl slide 1681 ) 16–19 ( females ) : 16 antaeotricha floridella , martin co . florida ( fsca , mgcl slide 1680 ) 17 same as ( 16 ) , detail of signum 18 antaeotricha albulella , escambia co . florida ( fsca , mgcl slide 1691 ) 19 antaeotricha osseella , new mexico , otero co . detail of signum ( fsca , mgcl slide 1721 ) . a a , anterior apophysis ( reduced ) ; b s , bifid setae ; d , central denticle of signum ; d l , dorsal ( interior ) lobe of annellus ; gn , gnathos ; s p , setose pads of sternum viii ; s t , subapical tooth of phallus ; th , thumb - like process of valva ; v l , ventral ( exterior ) lobe of annellus . scale bars = 1 mm .

antaeotricha acronephela meyrick , 1915 ; exot . microlep . 1 ( 13 ) : 392 ; tl : british guiana , bartica ; mallali

antaeotricha brachysaris meyrick , 1916 ; exot . microlep . 1 ( 16 ) : 504 ; tl : french guiana , r . maroni

antaeotricha campylodes meyrick , 1916 ; exot . microlep . 1 ( 16 ) : 494 ; tl : french guiana , r . maroni

antaeotricha coriodes meyrick , 1915 ; exot . microlep . 1 ( 13 ) : 397 ; tl : british guiana , mallali ; bartica

antaeotricha encyclia meyrick , 1915 ; exot . microlep . 1 ( 13 ) : 403 ; tl : colombia , san antonio , 5800ft

antaeotricha euthrinca meyrick , 1915 ; exot . microlep . 1 ( 13 ) : 399 ; tl : colombia , san antonio , 5800ft

antaeotricha exusta meyrick , 1916 ; exot . microlep . 1 ( 16 ) : 492 ; tl : french guiana , r . maroni

antaeotricha glycerostoma meyrick , 1915 ; exot . microlep . 1 ( 13 ) : 399 ; tl : colombia , san antonio , 5800ft

antaeotricha helicias meyrick , 1916 ; exot . microlep . 1 ( 16 ) : 502 ; tl : french guiana , r . maroni

antaeotricha himaea meyrick , 1916 ; exot . microlep . 1 ( 16 ) : 505 ; tl : french guiana , r . maroni

antaeotricha incrassata meyrick , 1916 ; exot . microlep . 1 ( 16 ) : 504 ; tl : french guiana , r . maroni

antaeotricha insimulata meyrick , 1926 ; exot . microlep . 3 ( 8 ) : 237 ; tl : colombia , san antonio , 6600ft

antaeotricha staurota meyrick , 1916 ; exot . microlep . 1 ( 16 ) : 493 ; tl : french guiana , r . maroni

antaeotricha substricta meyrick , 1918 ; exotic microlep . 2 ( 7 ) : 200 ; tl : : french guiana , r . maroni

antaeotricha xylocosma meyrick , 1916 ; exot . microlep . 1 ( 16 ) : 491 ; tl : french guiana , r . maroni

antaeotricha ( depressariidae ) ; urra , 2014 , bol . mus . nac . hist . nat . chile 63 : 102 ( note )

antaeotricha celidotis meyrick , 1925 ; exot . microlep . 3 ( 5 - 7 ) : 169 ; tl : peru , r . napo

antaeotricha cycnomorpha meyrick , 1925 ; exot . microlep . 3 ( 5 - 7 ) : 169 ; tl : brazil , r . trombetas

antaeotricha fulta meyrick , 1926 ; exot . microlep . 3 ( 8 ) : 234 ; tl : colombia , monte del eden , 9550

antaeotricha gubernatrix meyrick , 1925 ; exot . microlep . 3 ( 5 - 7 ) : 173 ; tl : peru , r . napo

antaeotricha gymnolopha meyrick , 1925 ; exot . microlep . 3 ( 5 - 7 ) : 174 ; tl : brazil , parintins , manaos

antaeotricha haplocentra meyrick , 1925 ; exot . microlep . 3 ( 5 - 7 ) : 170 ; tl : brazil , obidos , parintins

antaeotricha melanopis meyrick , 1909 ; trans . ent . soc . lond . 1909 ( 1 ) : 31 ; tl : peru , huancabamba

antaeotricha mesostrota meyrick , 1912 ; trans . ent . soc . lond . 1911 ( 4 ) : 708 ; tl : venezulea , carupano

antaeotricha nuclearis meyrick , 1913 ; trans . ent . soc . lond . 1913 ( 1 ) : 181 ; tl : peru , chanchamayo

antaeotricha phryactis meyrick , 1925 ; exot . microlep . 3 ( 5 - 7 ) : 167 ; tl : peru , r . napo

antaeotricha sardania meyrick , 1925 ; exot . microlep . 3 ( 5 - 7 ) : 168 ; tl : brazil , para , teffé

antaeotricha sellifera meyrick , 1925 ; exot . microlep . 3 ( 5 - 7 ) : 163 ; tl : brazil , parintins , manaos

antaeotricha semiovata meyrick , 1926 ; exot . microlep . 3 ( 8 ) : 234 ; tl : colombia , monte del eden , 9550ft

antaeotricha teleosema meyrick , 1925 ; exot . microlep . 3 ( 5 - 7 ) : 165 ; tl : brazil , parintins , teffé

antaeotricha tritogramma meyrick , 1925 ; exot . microlep . 3 ( 5 - 7 ) : 176 ; tl : brazil , parintins , teffé

antaeotricha humilis ( zeller , 1855 ) : fl , alachua co . , mgcl 1677♂ ; fl , marion co . , mgcl 1678♀ .

antaeotricha deridens meyrick , 1925 ; exot . microlep . 3 ( 5 - 7 ) : 162 ; tl : bolivia , del sara , 1500ft

antaeotricha nitrota meyrick , 1916 ; exot . microlep . 1 ( 16 ) : 497 ; tl : french guiana , godebert , r . maroni

antaeotricha ophrysta meyrick , 1912 ; trans . ent . soc . lond . 1911 ( 4 ) : 708 ; tl : dutch guiana , onoribo

antaeotricha furcata ( walsingham , 1889 ) : az , gila co . , mgcl 1735♂ ; tx , jeff davis co . , mgcl 2074♀ .

antaeotricha albovenosa zeller , 1877 ; horae soc . ent . ross . 13 : 321 , pl . 4 , f . 99 ; tl : chanchamayo

antaeotricha arizonensis ferris , 2010 ; zookeys 57 : 60 ; tl : arizona , cochise co . , hauchuca mts . , carr canyon , 5300 '

antaeotricha assecta zeller , 1877 ; horae soc . ent . ross . 13 : 313 , pl . 3 , f . 94 ; tl : chanchamayo

antaeotricha cathagnista meyrick , 1925 ; exot . microlep . 3 ( 5 - 7 ) : 165 ; tl : brazil , r . trombetas , teffé

antaeotricha christocoma meyrick , 1915 ; exot . microlep . 1 ( 13 ) : 398 ; tl : peru , pacaya ; conamano , r . ucuyali

antaeotricha generatrix meyrick , 1926 ; exot . microlep . 3 ( 8 ) : 239 ; tl : brazil , santa cruz , rio grande do sul

antaeotricha thammii zeller , 1877 ; horae soc . ent . ross . 13 : 306 , pl . 3 , f . 89 ; tl : chanchamayo

antaeotricha vacata meyrick , 1925 ; exot . microlep . 3 ( 5 - 7 ) : 170 ; tl : st . george ' s , grenada

antaeotricha albifrons zeller , 1877 ; horae soc . ent . ross . 13 : 323 , pl . 4 , f . 100 ; tl : brazil ?

antaeotricha amphilyta meyrick , 1916 ; exot . microlep . 1 ( 16 ) : 503 ; tl : french guiana , st . jean , r . maroni

antaeotricha anaclintris meyrick , 1916 ; exot . microlep . 1 ( 16 ) : 499 ; tl : french guiana , st . jean , r . maroni

antaeotricha axena meyrick , 1916 ; exot . microlep . 1 ( 16 ) : 501 ; tl : french guiana , st . jean , r . maroni

antaeotricha compsographa meyrick , 1916 ; exot . microlep . 1 ( 16 ) : 491 ; tl : french guiana , st . jean , r . maroni

antaeotricha diffracta meyrick , 1916 ; exot . microlep . 1 ( 16 ) : 500 ; tl : french guiana , st . jean , r . maroni

antaeotricha excisa meyrick , 1916 ; exot . microlep . 1 ( 16 ) : 496 ; tl : french guiana , st . jean , r . maroni

antaeotricha manzanitae keifer , 1937 ; calif . dept . agric . bull . 26 : 334 ; tl : shingle springs , el dorado co . , california

antaeotricha melanarma meyrick , 1916 ; exot . microlep . 1 ( 16 ) : 500 ; tl : french guiana , st . jean , r . maroni

antaeotricha oxycentra meyrick , 1916 ; exot . microlep . 1 ( 16 ) : 497 ; tl : french guiana , st . jean , r . maroni

antaeotricha palaestrias meyrick , 1916 ; exot . microlep . 1 ( 16 ) : 502 ; tl : french guiana , st . jean , r . maroni

antaeotricha pseudochyta ; duckworth , 1969 , smithson . contr . zool . 4 : 4 ; [ nhm card ] ; [ sangmi lee & richard brown ]

antaeotricha purulenta zeller , 1877 ; horae soc . ent . ross . 13 : 318 , pl . 4 , f . 97 ; tl : brazil ?

antaeotricha tibialis zeller , 1877 ; horae soc . ent . ross . 13 : 307 , pl . 3 , f . 90 ; tl : brazil ?

antaeotricha vacata ; duckworth , 1969 , smithson . contr . zool . 4 : 5 ; [ nhm card ] ; [ sangmi lee & richard brown ]

antaeotricha venatum ; duckworth , 1962 , proc . ent . soc . wash . 64 ( 2 ) : 111 ; [ sangmi lee & richard brown ]

antaeotricha amphizyga meyrick , 1930 ; ann . naturhist . mus . wien 44 : 234 , pl . 2 , f . 12 ; tl : pará , belem

antaeotricha enodata meyrick , 1916 ; exot . microlep . 1 ( 16 ) : 493 ; tl : french guiana , godebert ; nouveau chantier , r . maroni

antaeotricha immota meyrick , 1916 ; exot . microlep . 1 ( 16 ) : 502 ; tl : french guiana , r . maroni ; british guiana , mallali

antaeotricha orthotona meyrick , 1916 ; exot . microlep . 1 ( 16 ) : 495 ; tl : british guiana , bartica ; french guiana , r . maroni

antaeotricha ribbei zeller , 1877 ; horae soc . ent . ross . 13 : 309 , pl . 3 , f . 91 ; tl : chiriqui - vulcan

antaeotricha smileuta meyrick , 1915 ; exot . microlep . 1 ( 13 ) : 397 ; tl : british guiana , bartica ; french guiana , s . laurient

antaeotricha trichonota meyrick , 1926 ; exot . microlep . 3 ( 8 ) : 235 ; tl : brazil , santa cruz , rio grande do sul ; paraguay

antaeotricha floridella sp . n . is described and diagnosed from the closely similar antaeotricha albulella ( walker ) . the species is distributed in xeric sandhill and scrub habitats in peninsular florida , usa , and larvae feed on quercus species . keys are given for pale - winged stenomatinae and similar gelechioidea based on external characters and genitalia .

antaeotricha corvigera meyrick , 1915 ; exot . microlep . 1 ( 13 ) : 390 ; tl : british guiana , mallali ; peru , contamano , r . ucuyali

antaeotricha diplophaea meyrick , 1916 ; exot . microlep . 1 ( 16 ) : 494 ; tl : french guiana , godebert ; st . jean , r . maroni

antaeotricha laudata meyrick , 1916 ; exot . microlep . 1 ( 16 ) : 496 ; tl : french guiana , st . jean and godebert , r . maroni

antaeotricha praecisa meyrick , 1912 ; trans . ent . soc . lond . 1911 ( 4 ) : 709 ; tl : brazil , rio de janeiro , são paulo

becker ( 1981 ) synonymized antaeotricha vestalis ( zeller , 1873 ) with antaeotricha albulella ( walker , 1864 ) , and he remarked that the lectotype of antaeotricha albulella and the available specimens of antaeotricha vestalis all had black discal spots . zeller ( 1873 ) stated that the type of cryptolechia vestalis had white forewings “ ohne jede zeichnung ” ( without any marking ) , but the hind wings are white like the forewings . the lectotype specimen , deposited in the museum of comparative zoology ( cambridge , ma , usa ) is a female from texas . its forewings have faint black discal spots , and sternum viii has the typical setose protuberances , which are visible without dissection .

antaeotricha manzanitae keifer , 1937 : ca , el dorado co . , mgcl 1731♂ ( mgcl ) ; ca , el dorado co . , mgcl 1732♀ ( mgcl ) .

antaeotricha demas ; duckworth , 1962 , proc . ent . soc . wash . 64 ( 2 ) : 111 ; [ nhm card ] ; [ sangmi lee & richard brown ]

antaeotricha illepida ; duckworth , 1966 , proc . ent . soc . wash . 68 ( 3 ) : 196 ; [ nhm card ] ; [ sangmi lee & richard brown ]

antaeotricha lampyridella ; duckworth , 1962 , proc . ent . soc . wash . 64 ( 2 ) : 111 ; [ nhm card ] ; [ sangmi lee & richard brown ]

antaeotricha leucillana ( zeller , 1854 ) : fl , alachua co . , mgcl 1689♂ ; fl , alachua co . , mgcl 1690♀ ; me , waldo co . , mgcl 2076♂ .

antaeotricha cyprodeta meyrick , 1930 ; exot . microlep . 3 ( 18 - 20 ) : 556 ; tl : brazil , santa cruz , rio grande do sul ; organ mtns , nova friburge

antaeotricha floridella hayden & dickel , 2015 ; zookeys 533 : 135 ; tl : usa , florida , marion co . , ocala national forest , fr 88 , 3 . 9mi se of sr 316 , longleaf pine sandhills

antaeotricha fuscorectangulata duckworth , 1964 ; proc . u . s . nat . mus . 116 ( 3495 ) : 41 , pl . 3 a ; tl : south fork of cave creek , chiricahua mts . , arizona

hayden je , dickel ts ( 2015 ) a new antaeotricha species from florida sandhills and scrub ( lepidoptera , depressariidae , stenomatinae ) . zookeys 533 : 133–150 . doi : 10 . 3897 / zookeys . 533 . 6004

antaeotricha utahensis ferris , 2012 ; j . lep . soc . 66 ( 3 ) : 168 ; tl : utah , san juan co . , 37°44 . 90 ' n , 109°24 . 75 ' w ( 2220m )

antaeotricha humilis ; duckworth , 1964 , proc . u . s . nat . mus . 116 ( 3495 ) : 37 ; [ nacl ] , # 1019 ; [ nhm card ] ; [ sangmi lee & richard brown ]

antaeotricha decorosella ; duckworth , 1964 , proc . u . s . nat . mus . 116 ( 3495 ) : 35 , pl . 1 f ; [ nacl ] , # 1016 ; [ nhm card ] ; [ sangmi lee & richard brown ]

antaeotricha furcata ; duckworth , 1964 , proc . u . s . nat . mus . 116 ( 3495 ) : 36 , pl . 2 a ; [ nacl ] , # 1017 ; [ nhm card ] ; [ sangmi lee & richard brown ]

antaeotricha haesitans ; duckworth , 1964 , proc . u . s . nat . mus . 116 ( 3495 ) : 40 , pl . 2 f ; [ nacl ] , # 1022 ; [ nhm card ] ; [ sangmi lee & richard brown ]

antaeotricha irene ; duckworth , 1964 , proc . u . s . nat . mus . 116 ( 3495 ) : 36 , pl . 2 b ; [ nacl ] , # 1018 ; [ nhm card ] ; [ sangmi lee & richard brown ]

antaeotricha leucillana ; duckworth , 1964 , proc . u . s . nat . mus . 116 ( 3495 ) : 32 , pl . 1 d ; [ nacl ] , # 1014 ; [ nhm card ] ; [ sangmi lee & richard brown ]

antaeotricha manzanitae ; duckworth , 1964 , proc . u . s . nat . mus . 116 ( 3495 ) : 43 , pl . 3 c ; [ nacl ] , # 1025 ; [ nhm card ] ; [ sangmi lee & richard brown ]

antaeotricha osseella ; duckworth , 1964 , proc . u . s . nat . mus . 116 ( 3495 ) : 34 , pl . 1 e ; [ nacl ] , # 1015 ; [ nhm card ] ; [ sangmi lee & richard brown ]

antaeotricha schlaegeri ; duckworth , 1964 , proc . u . s . nat . mus . 116 ( 3495 ) : 29 , pl . 1 a ; [ nacl ] , # 1011 ; [ nhm card ] ; [ sangmi lee & richard brown ]

antaeotricha thomasi ; duckworth , 1964 , proc . u . s . nat . mus . 116 ( 3495 ) : 39 , pl . 2 e ; [ nacl ] , # 1021 ; [ nhm card ] ; [ sangmi lee & richard brown ]

antaeotricha unipunctella ; duckworth , 1964 , proc . u . s . nat . mus . 116 ( 3495 ) : 31 , pl . 1 e ; [ nacl ] , # 1013 ; [ nhm card ] ; [ sangmi lee & richard brown ]

antaeotricha vestalis ; duckworth , 1964 , proc . u . s . nat . mus . 116 ( 3495 ) : 42 , pl . 3 b ; [ nacl ] , # 1024 ; [ nhm card ] ; [ sangmi lee & richard brown ]

californa moth specimen database record details seq _ num : 8641 genus : antaeotricha species : manzanitae sex : location : 2331 del norte , so . l tahoe county : el dorado collector : d . a . bauer coll _ date : . . . more

antaeotricha floridella is described as a new species because no other white species with similar genitalia were described by meyrick ( clarke 1955 ) , walsingham ( 1909–1915 ) , walker ( 1864 ) , zeller ( 1854 , 1855 , 1873 , 1877 ) or other authors . the west indian antaeotricha fauna is depauperate , with only three species ( duckworth 1969 ) . descriptions and illustrations of all species currently placed in antaeotricha were examined , a task greatly facilitated by the illustration of meyrick’s numerous species by clarke ( 1955 ) and by the concentration of other descriptions among a few authors ( e . g . walker 1864 ; walsingham 1909–1915 ; busck 1911 , 1920 ; zeller 1854 , 1877 ; see becker 1984 for complete list ) . almost all species are described as having some forewing maculation , and those without are some shade of brown .

antaeotricha unipunctella : fl , escambia co . , mgcl 1714♂ ; fl , hernando co . , mgcl 2992♀ ; fl , highlands co . , mgcl 2078♀ , 2399♂ ; fl , manatee co . , mgcl 1673♂ , 2167♀ ; fl , marion co . , mgcl 1674♀ , 1712♂ .

the following keys apply only to taxa with white or pale - colored wings ( yellowish , pale orange , or beige ) that are effectively concolorous . species of antaeotricha that have a dark shade on the the forewing posterior margin are excluded . other stenomatines ( gonioterma walsingham ) and oecophoridae that have similarly concolorous wings are included .

antaeotricha floridella has been reared on leaves of quercus geminata small ( sand live oak ) and quercus minima ( sarg . ) ( dwarf live oak ; identified with “ ? ” ) . d . h . habeck reared a specimen on galactia regularis ( l . ) ( downy milkpea ) . adults have been collected april 10–october 30 .

with minimal host information , it is open to question whether antaeotricha floridella is monophagous on quercus geminata , oligophagous on oaks with overwintering foliage , or has more hosts . sand live oak occurs in both plant communities and others in florida . it occurs on the southeastern coastal plain from virginia to mississippi ( godfrey 1988 ) , so the plant’s distribution cannot explain the moth’s restriction to peninsular florida . on the other hand , a broader host range would predict occurrence in non - xeric habitats . the phenology of the immature stages is unknown , in particular of the overwintering stages . it is not obvious that antaeotricha floridella has adaptations to abiotic characteristics of xeric habitats , so affinity for some host is assumed .

the second author ( tsd ) discovered the presently described species by dissection , as it is externally very similar to the widely distributed antaeotricha albulella ( walker , 1864 ) ( more often called by its junior synonym antaeotricha vestalis ( zeller , 1873 ) [ becker 1981 ] ) . the search of other collections by jeh yielded more specimens , including ones overlooked by duckworth . the species description necessitates a revised key to pale - colored nearctic stenomatinae . the species is known only from xeric habitats in peninsular florida . this pattern of endemism of species in florida sandhills is common among other orders of insects and arthropods but is infrequent in lepidoptera ( deyrup 1989 ) , so the addition of another endemic species is significant .

antaeotricha floridella is known to feed on two species of oak : quercus geminata and possibly quercus minima . the latter species may be misidentified , since it resembles juvenile or rhizomatous forms of other oaks ( nixon 1993 ) . host plants of antaeotricha albulella , recorded from pinned specimens donated to the fsca by d . h . habeck , include quercus laevis walter ( turkey oak ) , quercus nigra l . ( water oak ) ( with feeding habits “galls” and “leaf tier” ) , quercus incana w . bartram ( bluejack oak ) , quercus myrtifolia willd . ( myrtle oak ) , quercus inopina ashe ( scrub oak ) , and quercus chapmanii sarg . ( chapman’s oak ) . the plant voucher specimens could not be located , so their identifications could not be verified .

the genus antaeotricha zeller , 1854 ( lepidoptera : depressariidae : stenomatinae ) is endemic to the new world and includes nearly 400 species , mostly in the neotropics ( becker 1984 ) . twenty nearctic species are known ( ferris 2013 ) , including the one described below . duckworth ( 1964 ) comprehensively revised the nearctic stenomatinae , and four species were recently described from the southwestern united states ( ferris 2010 , 2012 , 2013 ) .

antaeotricha schlaegeri ( zeller , 1854 ) : canada , nova scotia , mgcl 2375♂ ; usa , az , santa cruz co . , mgcl 1702♀ ; fl , alachua co . , mgcl 1687♂ , 1688♀ ; ma , plymouth co . , mgcl 2365♂ ; ma , plymouth co . , mgcl 2366♀ ; mo , barry co . , mgcl 2370♀ ; mo , clay co . , mgcl 2367♂ ; nc , craven co . , mgcl 2373♂ ; tn , sullivan co . , mgcl 2374♂ .

antaeotricha osseella : fl , alachua co . , mgcl 2077f , 2966f , 2967♂ ; fl , escambia co . , mgcl 1676♀ ; fl , highlands co . , mgcl 1675♂ ; fl , marion co . , mgcl 1698♂ , 2400♂ ; fl , putnam co . , mgcl 1713♂ ; mo , carter co , mgcl 2164♂ ( mgcl ) ; mo , carter co . , mgcl 2165♀ ( mgcl ) ; nc , craven co . , mgcl 1711♂ ; nm , otero co . , mgcl 1721♀ .

extensive collecting in a large mesic forest near anthony ( marion county , florida ) by tsd with mercury vapor and ultraviolet lights and sugar bait has failed to produce any specimens of antaeotricha floridella . this forest has large numbers of three species of oaks : quercus virginiana miller ( live oak ) , quercus hemisphaerica bartr . ex willd . ( laurel oak ) , and quercus nigra ( water oak ) . the leaves of all of these species are tardily deciduous with primary leaf fall occurring in late february and march just prior to flowering and new leaf growth .

two plant communities in ocala national forest in marion and putnam counties , the sandhill and sand pine communities , have been collected extensively by tsd over the past several years using both mercury vapor light and ultraviolet light . antaeotricha floridella occurs in both plant communities , as well as in strict scrub habitat with minimal canopy not surveyed by tsd . in the sandhill community , the common species of pine is pinus palustris miller ( longleaf pine ) , and the common species of oak is quercus laevis . the leaves of turkey oak are deciduous , mostly falling in september and october , with a few leaves remaining on the trees during the winter . new foliage begins to appear in march and april . in the sand pine community , the predominant pine is pinus clausa chapman ex engelmann ( sand pine ) , and the common oak is quercus myrtifolia . in ocala national forest , myrtle oak tends to be a thicket - forming shrub . leaves are “tardily deciduous , ” meaning that a few leaves fall during the winter months , but the majority of leaf fall occurs during late february and march , just as the trees begin to flower and new leaves develop . quercus geminata is also tardily deciduous ( godfrey 1988 ) . the type locality of antaeotricha floridella has quercus geminata , quercus laevis , and quercus hemisphaerica in abundance , and quercus myrtifolia and quercus nigra in small numbers .

antaeotricha albulella : fl , collier co . fakahatchee strand , mgcl 1953♂ ; fl , collier co . , usnm slide 76303♂ ( nmnh ) ; fl , duval co . , usnm slide 76306♂ ( nmnh ) ; fl , escambia co . , mgcl 1691♀ ; fl , highlands co . , mgcl 1699♀ ( fsca ) , usnm slides 76318♀ , 76252♀ ( nmnh ) ; fl , hillsborough co . , mgcl 1686♂ ; fl , lee co . , usnm slide 76304♂ ( nmnh ) ; fl , levy co . , mgcl 1681♂ ; fl , miami - dade co . , mgcl 495♂ ( fsca ) , usnm slides 76302♀ , 135307♂ ( nmnh ) ; fl , polk co . , usnm slide 76301♂ ( nmnh ) ; fl , putnam co . , mgcl 1697♂ ; fl , sarasota co . , mgcl 1736♂ ; fl , volusia co . , usnm slide 135306♂ ( nmnh ) ; ga , emanuel co . ohoopee dunes , jeh 2970♂ ( mem ) ; la , st . john parish , mgcl 1671♀ ; la , st . john parish , mgcl 1747♂ ; md , kent co . , jeh 2756♂ ( nmnh ) ; md , kent co . , jeh 2765♀ ( nmnh ) ; nc , craven co . , mgcl 1670♂ ; nc , craven co . , mgcl 1793♀ ; tx , anderson co . , jeh 2753♂ ( nmnh ) ; tx , anderson co . , jeh 2754♀ ( nmnh ) ; va , virginia beach co . , jeh 2775♂ ( nmnh ) ; [ no locality ] , usnm slide 135305♂ ( nmnh ) .

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aphanoxena acrograpta meyrick , 1915 ; exot . microlep . 1 ( 13 ) : 387 ; tl : british guiana , bartica

stenoma actista meyrick , 1913 ; trans . ent . soc . lond . 1913 ( 1 ) : 186 ; tl : venezuela , palma sola ; british guiana , r . demerata

stenoma admixta walsingham , 1913 ; biol . centr . - amer . lep . heterocera 4 : 170 , pl . 6 , f . 3 ; tl : mexico , guerrero , dos arroyos , 1000ft

stenoma adornata meyrick , 1915 ; exot . microlep . 1 ( 14 ) : 442 ; tl : peru , pacaya

stenoma aequabilis meyrick , 1916 ; exot . microlep . 1 ( 17 ) : 513 ; tl : french guiana , st . jean ; godebert , r . maroni

stenoma aggravata meyrick , 1916 ; exot . microlep . 1 ( 17 ) : 514 ; tl : french guiana , r . maroni

stenoma agrioschista meyrick , 1927 ; exot . microlep . 3 ( 12 ) : 365 ; tl : texas , alpine , 5000 - 8000ft

stenoma ammodes walsingham , 1913 ; biol . centr . - amer . lep . heterocera 4 : 176 , pl . 6 , f . 18 ; tl : mexico , tabasco , teapa

stenoma arachnia meyrick , 1915 ; exot . microlep . 1 ( 14 ) : 429 ; tl : british guiana , bartica

cryptolechia aratella walker , 1864 ; list spec . lepid . insects colln br . mus . 29 : 724 ; tl : ega

argocorys ( meyrick , 1931 ) ( stenoma ) ; exotic microlep . 4 ( 2 - 4 ) : 34

aphanoxena astynoma meyrick , 1915 ; exot . microlep . 1 ( 13 ) : 388 ; tl : british guiana , mallali

stenoma atmospora meyrick , 1925 ; exot . microlep . 3 ( 5 - 7 ) : 209 ; tl : colombia , minero and sosomoco , 2650ft

aphanoxena balanocentra meyrick , 1915 ; exot . microlep . 1 ( 13 ) : 387 ; tl : british guiana , bartica ; mallali

stenoma ballista meyrick , 1916 ; exot . microlep . 1 ( 17 ) : 516 ; tl : french guiana , . maroni

cryptolechia basiferella walker , 1864 ; list spec . lepid . insects colln br . mus . 29 : 744 ; tl : ega

stenoma basilaris busck , 1914 ; proc . u . s . nat . mus . 47 ( 2043 ) : 45 ; tl : alphajuela , porto bello ; trinidad r . , panama

cryptolechia basirubrella walker , 1864 ; list spec . lepid . insects colln br . mus . 29 : 719 ; tl : ega

stenoma bathrotoma meyrick , 1925 ; exot . microlep . 3 ( 5 - 7 ) : 189 ; tl : brazil , obidos

stenoma bilinguis meyrick , 1918 ; exotic microlep . 2 ( 7 ) : 202 ; tl : french guiana , r . maroni

bracatingae ( köhler , 1943 ) ( stenoma ) ; rev . soc . ent . arg . 12 : 28

stenoma caenochytis meyrick , 1915 ; exot . microlep . 1 ( 13 ) : 415 ; tl : british guiana , bartica and mallali

alphanoxena cantharitis meyrick , 1916 ; exot . microlep . 1 ( 16 ) : 490 ; tl : french guiana , r . maroni

stenoma caprimulga walsingham , 1912 ; biol . centr . - amer . lep . heterocera 4 : 165 , pl . 5 , f . 33 ; tl : mexico , vera cruz , atoyae

capsiformis ( meyrick , 1930 ) ( stenoma ) ; exotic microlep . 4 ( 1 ) : 25

stenoma carabodes meyrick , 1915 ; exot . microlep . 1 ( 14 ) : 435 ; tl : british guiana , bartica

stenoma carbasea meyrick , 1915 ; exot . microlep . 1 ( 14 ) : 426 ; tl : brazil , novo friburgo

caryograpta ( meyrick , 1930 ) ( stenoma ) ; exotic microlep . 4 ( 1 ) : 26

stenoma ceratistes walsingham , 1912 ; biol . centr . - amer . lep . heterocera 4 : 159 ; tl : mexico , guerrero , amula , 6000ft

stenoma chalastis meyrick , 1915 ; exot . microlep . 1 ( 13 ) : 413 ; tl : british guiana , bartica

chalinophanes ( meyrick , 1931 ) ( stenoma ) ; exotic microlep . 4 ( 2 - 4 ) : 42

stenoma chilosema meyrick , 1918 ; exotic microlep . 2 ( 7 ) : 208 ; tl : french guiana , godebert , r . maroni

phalaena ( tinea ) cicadella sepp , [ 1830 ] ; surinaam . vlinders 2 ( 20 ) : 183 , pl . 80

stenoma cirrhoxantha meyrick , 1915 ; exot . microlep . 1 ( 15 ) : 477 ; tl : french guiana , godebert , r . maroni

stenoma cnemosaris meyrick , 1925 ; exot . microlep . 3 ( 5 - 7 ) : 181 ; tl : brazil , para

stenoma colposaris meyrick , 1925 ; exot . microlep . 3 ( 5 - 7 ) : 185 ; tl : brazil , teffé

stenoma comosa walsingham , 1912 ; biol . centr . - amer . lep . heterocera 4 : 161 , pl . 5 , f . 30 ; tl : mexico , vera cruz , atoyac

stenoma compsoneura meyrick , 1925 ; exot . microlep . 3 ( 5 - 7 ) : 217 ; tl : brazil , para ; french guiana , r . maroni

cryptolechia confixella walker , 1864 ; list spec . lepid . insects colln br . mus . 29 : 731 ; tl : ega

stenopa coniopa meyrick , 1925 ; exot . microlep . 3 ( 5 - 7 ) : 184 ; tl : brazil , obidos

stenoma constituta meyrick , 1925 ; exot . microlep . 3 ( 5 - 7 ) : 191 ; tl : french guiana , r . maroni

stenoma constricta meyrick , 1926 ; exot . microlep . 3 ( 8 ) : 226 ; tl : colombia , mt . socorro , 12500ft

cryptoleciha costatella walker , 1864 ; list spec . lepid . insects colln br . mus . 29 : 737 ; tl : ega

stenoma cremastis meyrick , 1925 ; exot . microlep . 3 ( 5 - 7 ) : 194 ; tl : peru , jurimaguas ; brazil , manaos

stenoma crypsiphaea meyrick , 1915 ; exot . microlep . 1 ( 6 ) : 190 ; tl : brazil , para

stenoma cycnolopha meyrick , 1925 ; exot . microlep . 3 ( 5 - 7 ) : 186 ; tl : peru , r . napo

stenopa cymogramma meyrick , 1925 ; exot . microlep . 3 ( 5 - 7 ) : 193 ; tl : peru , r . napo , iquitos

brachyloma decorosella busck , 1908 ; proc . ent . soc . wash . 10 ( 1 - 2 ) : 111 ; tl : montclair , n . j

larva on quercus ilicifolia , quercus marilandia duckworth , 1964 , proc . u . s . nat . mus . 116 ( 3495 ) : 35

stenoma demas busck , 1911 ; proc . u . s . nat . mus . 40 ( 1815 ) : 223 ; tl : st . jean , maroni r . , french guiana

stenoma demotica walsingham , 1912 ; biol . centr . - amer . lep . heterocera 4 : 159 ; tl : mexico , guerrero , amula , 6000ft

stenoma desecta meyrick , 1918 ; exotic microlep . 2 ( 7 ) : 203 ; tl : french guiana , r . maroni

cryptolechia destillata zeller , 1877 ; horae soc . ent . ross . 13 : 283 ; tl : chiriqui

stenoma diacta meyrick , 1916 ; exot . microlep . 1 ( 17 ) : 513 ; tl : french guiana , r . maroni

stenoma diplosaris meyrick , 1915 ; exot . microlep . 1 ( 14 ) : 418 ; tl : british guiana , bartica

dirempta ( zeller , 1855 ) ( cryptolechia ) ; linn . ent . 10 : 154 , pl . 1 , f . 4

stenoma discalis busck , 1914 ; proc . u . s . nat . mus . 47 ( 2043 ) : 46 ; tl : trinidad river , panama

stenoma discolor walsingham , 1912 ; biol . centr . - amer . lep . heterocera 4 : 164 ; tl : guatemala , baja vera paz , san gerónimo

disjecta ( zeller , 1854 ) ( cryptolechia ) ; linn . ent . 9 : 368

stenoma dissona meyrick , 1925 ; exot . microlep . 3 ( 5 - 7 ) : 191 ; tl : brazil , manaos

stenoma doleropis meyrick , 1915 ; exot . microlep . 1 ( 14 ) : 421 ; tl : british guiana , bartica

stenoma dromica meyrick , 1925 ; exot . microlep . 3 ( 5 - 7 ) : 185 ; tl : brazil , parintins

stenoma elaeodes walsingham , 1913 ; biol . centr . - amer . lep . heterocera 4 : 178 , pl . 6 , f . 22 ; tl : mexico , vera cruz , atoyac

cryptolechia elatior felder & rogenhofer , 1875 ; reise fregatte novara , bd 2 ( abth . 2 ) ( 5 ) : pl . 138 , f . 67 ; tl : amazonas

epicrossa ( meyrick , 1932 ) ( stenoma ) ; exotic microlep . 4 ( 10 ) : 294

aphanoxena episimbla meyrick , 1915 ; exot . microlep . 1 ( 13 ) : 389 ; tl : british guiana , bartica ; mallali

stenoma ergates walsingham , 1913 ; biol . centr . - amer . lep . heterocera 4 : 185 , pl . 6 , f . 30 ; tl : mexico , tabasco , teapa

stenoma erotica meyrick , 1916 ; exot . microlep . 1 ( 17 ) : 534 ; tl : french guiana , r . maroni

stenoma exasperata meyrick , 1916 ; exot . microlep . 1 ( 17 ) : 533 ; tl : french guiana , r . maroni

stenoma falsidica meyrick , 1915 ; exot . microlep . 1 ( 14 ) : 426 ; tl : dutch guiana , berg - en - daal

stenoma fasciatum busck , 1911 ; proc . u . s . nat . mus . 40 ( 1815 ) : 217 ; tl : cayenne , french guiana

british guiana , french guiana , brazil ( amazonas ) . see [ maps ]

stenoma forreri walsingham , 1913 ; biol . centr . - amer . lep . heterocera 4 : 172 , pl . 6 , f . 2 ; tl : mexico , durango , presidio

stenoma fractilinea walsingham , 1912 ; biol . centr . - amer . lep . heterocera 4 : 166 ; tl : mexico , tabasco , teapa

stenoma fractinubes walsingham , 1912 ; biol . centr . - amer . lep . heterocera 4 : 165 , pl . 5 , f . 32 ; tl : panama , chiriqui , volcan de chiriqui , 2000 - 3000ft

cryptolechia frontalis zeller , 1855 ; linn . ent . 10 : 159 , pl . 1 , f . 7

stenoma fumifica walsingham , 1912 ; biol . centr . - amer . lep . heterocera 4 : 162 , pl . 5 , f . 31 ; tl : mexico , vera cruz , atoyac

stenoma glaphyrodes meyrick , 1913 ; trans . ent . soc . lond . 1913 ( 1 ) : 186 ; tl : french guiana , st . laurient ; brazil [ ? ] , iquitos

stenoma glaucescens meyrick , 1916 ; exot . microlep . 1 ( 17 ) : 537 ; tl : french guiana , r . maroni

stenoma gypsoterma meyrick , 1915 ; exot . microlep . 1 ( 14 ) : 424 ; tl : british guiana , mallali

stenoma habilis meyrick , 1915 ; exot . microlep . 1 ( 14 ) : 427 ; tl : british guiana , bartica

aedemoses haesitans walsingham , 1912 ; biol . centr . - amer . lep . heterocera 4 : 154 , pl . 5 , f . 21 ; tl : presidio , durango , mexico

larva on pithecellobium flexicaule duckworth , 1964 , proc . u . s . nat . mus . 116 ( 3495 ) : 41

stenoma hemiscia walsingham , 1912 ; biol . centr . - amer . lep . heterocera 4 : 163 ; tl : guatemala , san gerónimo

stenoma heterosaris meyrick , 1915 ; exot . microlep . 1 ( 14 ) : 418 ; tl : british guiana , bartica

aphanoxena homologa meyrick , 1915 ; exot . microlep . 1 ( 13 ) : 388 ; tl : british guiana , bartica

stenoma horizontias meyrick , 1925 ; exot . microlep . 3 ( 5 - 7 ) : 188 ; tl : brazil , teffé

north carolina , south carolina , missouri , tennessee , virginia , illinois , maryland , texas , indiana , new jersey , louisiana . see [ maps ]

larva on quercus sp . duckworth , 1964 , proc . u . s . nat . mus . 116 ( 3495 ) : 38

hyalophanta ( meyrick , 1932 ) ( stenoma ) ; exotic microlep . 4 ( 10 ) : 294

stenoma ianthina walsingham , 1913 ; biol . centr . - amer . lep . heterocera 4 : 178 ; tl : panama , chiriqui , volcan de chiriqui , 2000 - 3000ft

stenoma imminens meyrick , 1915 ; exot . microlep . 1 ( 14 ) : 431 ; tl : dutch guiana , onoribo

cryptolechia impactella walker , 1864 ; list spec . lepid . insects colln br . mus . 29 : 742 ; tl : ega

stenoma impedita meyrick , 1915 ; exot . microlep . 1 ( 14 ) : 422 ; tl : peru , pacaya

cryptolechia indicatella walker , 1864 ; list spec . lepid . insects colln br . mus . 29 : 732 ; tl : ega

stenoma infecta meyrick , 1930 ; ann . naturhist . mus . wien 44 : 254 , pl . 2 , f . 20 ; tl : taperinha , para , brazil

stenoma infrenata meyrick , 1918 ; exotic microlep . 2 ( 7 ) : 202 ; tl : french guiana , r . maroni

stenoma innexa meyrick , 1925 ; exot . microlep . 3 ( 5 - 7 ) : 190 ; tl : peru , jurimaguas , iquitos

stenoma insidiana meyrick , 1916 ; exot . microlep . 1 ( 16 ) : 512 ; tl : french guiana , , r . maroni

= stenoma disjecta ; meyrick , 1925 , exot . microlep . 3 ( 5 - 7 ) : 192 ; [ nhm card ]

iopetra ( meyrick , 1932 ) ( stenoma ) ; exotic microlep . 4 ( 10 ) : 295

stenoma ioptila meyrick , 1915 ; exot . microlep . 1 ( 14 ) : 433 ; tl : british guiana , bartica

stenoma irene barnes & busck , 1920 ; contr . nat . hist . lepid . n . am . 4 ( 3 ) : 239 , pl . 28 , f . 7 , 9 , pl . 30 , f . 1 ; tl : brownsville , texas

larva on sida sp . duckworth , 1964 , proc . u . s . nat . mus . 116 ( 3495 ) : 37

stenoma irenias meyrick , 1916 ; exot . microlep . 1 ( 17 ) : 537 ; tl : french guiana , st . jean , r . maroni

stenoma isochyta meyrick , 1915 ; exot . microlep . 1 ( 14 ) : 420 ; tl : british guiana , bartica

stenoma isomeris meyrick , 1912 ; trans . ent . soc . lond . 1911 ( 4 ) : 711 ; tl : brazil , tijuco

stenopa isoplintha meyrick , 1925 ; exot . microlep . 3 ( 5 - 7 ) : 193 ; tl : brazil , parintins

isoporphyra ( meyrick , 1932 ) ( asapharca ) ; exotic microlep . 4 ( 8 - 9 ) : 286

isosticta ( meyrick , 1932 ) ( stenoma ) ; exotic microlep . 4 ( 10 ) : 299

ithytona meyrick , 1929 ; trans . ent . soc . lond . 76 : 514

stenoma juvenalis meyrick , 1930 ; ann . naturhist . mus . wien 44 : 240 , pl . 2 , f . 13 ; tl : taperinha , para , brazil

auxocrossa lacera zeller , 1877 ; horae soc . ent . ross . 13 : 328 , pl . 4 , f . 103

stenoma lampyridella busck , 1914 ; proc . u . s . nat . mus . 47 ( 2043 ) : 41 ; tl : cabima , panama

stenoma lathiptila meyrick , 1915 ; exot . microlep . 1 ( 14 ) : 425 ; tl : british guiana , bartica

stenoma laxa meyrick , 1915 ; exot . microlep . 1 ( 14 ) : 428 ; tl : venezuela , ciudad bolivar

stenoma lebetias meyrick , 1915 ; exot . microlep . 1 ( 14 ) : 433 ; tl : french guiana , s . laurent

stenoma lepidocarpa meyrick , 1930 ; ann . naturhist . mus . wien 44 : 239 , pl . 1 , f . 9 ; tl : taperinha , para , brazil

psephomeres leptogramma meyrick , 1916 ; exot . microlep . 1 ( 16 ) : 506

new hampshire , massachusetts , new york , pennsylvania , district of columbia , virginia , north carolina , na . georgia , alabama , arkansas , missouri , kansas , illinois , iowa , texas , oregon , louisiana , manitoba , nova scotia . see [ maps ]

larva on pyracantha crenulata , malus sp . , vaccinium corymbosum , acer sp . duckworth , 1964 , proc . u . s . nat . mus . 116 ( 3495 ) : 32

leucocryptis ( meyrick , 1932 ) ( stenoma ) ; exotic microlep . 4 ( 10 ) : 295

stenoma lophoptycha meyrick , 1925 ; exot . microlep . 3 ( 5 - 7 ) : 188 ; tl : brazil , parintins

stenoma lophosaris meyrick , 1925 ; exot . microlep . 3 ( 5 - 7 ) : 186 ; tl : brazil , r . trombetas

loxogrammos ( zeller , 1854 ) ( cryptolechia ) ; linn . ent . 9 : 367 , pl . 3 , f . 17

stenoma lucrosa meyrick , 1925 ; exot . microlep . 3 ( 5 - 7 ) : 184 ; tl : brazil , obidos , parintins

stenoma lunimaculata dognin , 1913 ; ann . soc . ent . belg . 57 : 417 ; tl : san antonio , colombia , 2000m

stenoma machetes walsingham , 1912 ; biol . centr . - amer . lep . heterocera 4 : 162 ; tl : mexico , guerrero , amula , 6000ft

stenoma macronota meyrick , 1912 ; trans . ent . soc . lond . 1911 ( 4 ) : 716 ; tl : colombia , naranjito , r . dagua , 3900ft ; dutch guiana , paramaribo

stenoma mesosaris meyrick , 1925 ; exot . microlep . 3 ( 5 - 7 ) : 178 ; tl : french guiana , r . maroni

stenoma microtypa meyrick , 1915 ; exot . microlep . 1 ( 14 ) : 422 ; tl : british guiana , bartica

stenoma mitratella busck , 1914 ; proc . u . s . nat . mus . 47 ( 2043 ) : 46 ; tl : porto bello , panama

stenoma modulata meyrick , 1915 ; exot . microlep . 1 ( 14 ) : 436 ; tl : british guiana , bartica