the basa fish ( pangasius bocourti ) is a species of catfish in the family pangasiidae .

basa are native to the mekong and chao phraya basins in indochina .

these fish are important food fish with an international market .

they are often labeled in north america and australia as " basa fish " , " swai " , or " bocourti " .

in the uk all species of pangasius may legally be described as " river cobbler " , " cobbler " , " basa " , " pangasius " , " panga " , or any of these with the addition of " catfish " .

in the rest of europe , these fish are commonly marketed as " pangasius " or " panga " .

other related shark catfish may occasionally be incorrectly labeled as basa fish , including p. hypophthalmus ( iridescent shark ) and p. pangasius ( yellowtail catfish ) .

basa fish

basa fish <EOT> our range of products include fish basa fillet , frozen basa fillets and vietnam frozen basa fillet .

sweet & sour breaded basa fish . - picture of thai orchid , salisbury - tripadvisor

while advances in basa farming are underway , ongoing concerns around the environmental cost of basa production results in a red rating for basa overall . while amcs maintains concerns around all basa production , the major retailers in australia have committed to sourcing all of their basa product from certified sources , which is a step in the right direction .

i know people that have reactions to ling and basa . i feed it to my fish only .

basa fish…let say fish only . . its nutritional value and health impact depends on the environment in which it is reared…being fed and transported… .

and if the claims about basa are true ? then okay . but atleast they are being sold as basa , and not as beef .

the body of a basa fish is stout and heavy . the rounded head is broader than it is long , the blunt snout having a white band on its muzzle . basa fish can be found in large rivers , in rapids and in deep , slower reaches . basa fish feed on plants . these fish spawn at the onset of the rainy season .

dear eric : just recently i ate a white fish called basa . it was very delicious and no bones .

a popular frozen fish product imported from vietnam called basa fish just made the “do not consume” list . basa fish ( known in the uk as vietnamese river cobbler ) is a type of catfish that is farmed in pens along the mekong river . basa fish is known for its mild taste and flaky white meat and is becoming the preferred type of fish among consumers because of its “cleaner” and almost bland taste compared to other types of farm - raised fish .

the basa fish – pangasius hypopthalmus , is a type of catfish in the family pangasiidae . basa are native to the mekong river delta in vietnam and chao phraya basin . basa is now farmed in large quantities . it is the most popular fish in vietnam and consumed in increasing quantities around the world .

basa is an omnivorous species of fish that requires some fish protein in its diet . some farms use wild caught fish processed into fish - feed pellets and others use a combination of home - made feed made from , for example , rice bran and ground up small fish caught in the mekong river . as there are numerous small , medium and large - scale basa operators , it is not possible to assess the dependence of the basa - farming producers on wild caught fish resources individually . however , available research indicates basa farming remains dependent on highly unsustainable wild caught fisheries , with a greater volume of fish removed from the ocean than is produced through basa farming .

" the basa grows three times faster than the tilapia , which , in essence , means more weight for the farmers and more fish for the consumers . the basa is very economical and very viable fish , " ricardo reynolds added .

the basa fish available in india is typically frozen and exported , because , basa is a fish available in vietnam . while i do have faith in frozen goods , most fish while being exported are treated to make sure they last for a certain amount of time . so while basa as a fish is good for you , i would suggest if you have an option to eating a fresher fish than basa , then , you’s better have that . if not basa will do you no harm , but it is not as good as the surmai , rawas , prawns or mackarel available freshly in india .

it is white , pinkish and is available year round . basa is a tender , mild and fine - flaked fish .

many lies getting spread around about this fish , mainly starting from european fish farmers .

that low price plus the taste and versatility have made basa a popular fish in australia and europe as well as north america .

your article regarding the “basa” was very enlightening . thank you for this information . i will never eat fish again without asking .

i spoke with him about the basa . he said that generally , if the fish are healthy then they are safe to eat . he said that he has had basa for meals and that they are delicious fish . he has no problem with eating them .

farmed basa fish are not fed their natural foods . they are fed the bones and remnants of dead fish usually after a period of time after the fishes’ deaths—giving time for bacteria to grow and infect the “basa fish food . ” these farmed fish are also often injected with dehydrated urine of pregnant women forcing female basa fish to grow and produce eggs quicker and the injection of hormones , imported from a pharmaceutical company in china , increases the speed of the growth and production processes of the fish . farmers of these fish are only concerned with the progression rates and the income these fish bring in with no concern for the consumers .

hopefully from now on , you will be aware of the potential risks basa fish poses to your health . it’s easy enough when you’re shopping for fresh fish , but be especially aware when buying packaged seafood like imitation crab , fish sticks , fish terrines , and even pet food . simply flip the package to the back and check the list of ingredients to make sure that basa fish isn’t an ingredient .

basa fillet , with onions , peppers , basil , pineapple in a sweet chilli sauce .

vietnam is proud of its basa , though , and vietnamese fish farmers are fighting back . the wwf fears that current basa farming practices are environmentally unfriendly , a charge that vietnam has not yet been able to answer effectively . on the safety of basa , though , your platter should be relatively risk - free ; it still remains among the healthier fish you can eat .

phan has switched from basa to domestic catfish at his restaurant because he couldn ' t get whole basa at an affordable price and wants to use fish with bones that won ' t fall apart in clay pot cooking , he said .

basa fish is a type of catfish native to vietnam and thailand and sometimes referred to as the river cobbler , swai , pangasius or bocourti . as with other types of catfish , basa are rich in protein but not as lean as tilapia and some other low - fat fish . basa can still be a healthy addition to your diet , but you should note that different methods of cooking will alter the nutritional characteristics . when choosing imported basa , the monterey bay aquarium seafood watch advises looking for fillets from farmed fish . farmed imported basa is low in contaminants like mercury and raised in an environmentally friendly manner .

the seafood importers association of australasia , which represents companies importing fish and shellfish into australia , is a strong advocate for vietnamese basa , encouraging increased consumption of and public confidence in these fish .

“what about fish sticks and fast food sandwiches ? ” fish sticks and “fast - food” sandwiches are commonly made from fish that are low in mercury .

urltoken / life / ask - eric - is - it - safe - to - eat - imported - basa - fish - 1 . 87907

consumers in the united states were introduced to basa fish in 1994 after the trade embargo with vietnam was finally lifted . it was not a popular choice at first , but now it is a great competition for domestic catfish farmers . this is because basa fish is cheaper than catfish , has similar taste , and the quality of it is not any less . the quick rise in the basa fish’s popularity created the “catfish war” in the united states .

the mekong delta is known to be dangerously polluted . fish farms are created with waters from the delta . this fish is now banned in three states ; louisiana , mississippi and alabama . the vancouver aquarian ocean wise program , via their web site , recommends that people avoid the basa fish as it is associated with disease outbreaks and infection of wild basa populations .

a few years after the spike in popularity of basa fish , scientists discovered the danger of its consumption . basa fish are farmed along the mekong river—one of the most polluted rivers in the world . large manufacturers planted along this river frequently dump extremely toxic and dangerous chemicals and industrial waste directly into it . in june of 2001 , the us food and drug administration imposed increased and more thorough testing on southeast asian farm - raised seafood including the basa fish after repeatedly discovering fish contaminated with heavy metals and banned antibiotics .

here’s one american that shot a video in viet nam at one of their basa fish farms . it’s a bit long , but you’ll get the idea .

" as to the pangasius or basa fish , one sexually mature female weighing three kilogrammes ( approximately 6 . 6 lbs ) can produce 150 , 000 eggs per kilogramme — that is 450 , 000 eggs from a three - kilogramme fish . so a 10 - kilogramme basa produces well over a million eggs .

the real issue for indian consumers is the issue that crops up with many varieties of farmed fish — depending on where your restaurant is sourcing from , the taste of basa can vary from complex ( if the fish comes from the certified farms approved by the vietnam fisheries council ) or bland and boring ( if the fish comes from farms that practice overfishing or use too many chemicals in the fish feed ) . bland basa is instantly recognisable — it combines a cottony texture with a watery feel , and sourcing inferior basa is the kind of culinary misdemeanour that puts consumers off fish in general . ask your restaurant where they get their basa from , and if the answer is reassuring , go ahead and tuck into your basa yellow kari . if not , order the lamb .

while the production of basa is new to jamaica , the importation is not , as at least two of the country’s major importers of fish stock carry basa , especially the boneless , skinless fillets , or portions in different sizes and shapes cut from fillets .

basa ' s sharp rise in popularity alarmed members of the catfish farmers of america , who estimated last year that basa has taken 12 percent of the united states ' $ 590 million market for catfish .

pangasius bocourti – commonly known as basa – has lean and bright white flesh and offers a delicate texture and mild flavour . basa flesh is considered superior in quality to its close cousin – pangasius hypophthalmus .

the fish and wildife branch of new brunswick ' s department of natural resources and energy published provincial fish advisories in the manual fish 2010 . mercury contamination of freshwater fish is located under for further information on page 43 .

another strong attribute of basa is that it doesn’t smell , which puts it in a sweet spot . indian sea fish such as mackerel or king fish are less bony than fresh water varieties , but are smellier . fresh water fish such as carps smell less than sea fish but have many bones . visually too , basa scores . the premium grade of basa imported into india , is unblemished white . “people like to see white meat when they cut into it . whiteness is always associated with good quality , ” says reddy .

additionally , fass said , price rises for importers , wholesalers and distributors could cut into demand for basa , eventually disrupting supplies of the succulent , bewhiskered fish .

however , there are some caveats . questions about the health of mekong river and the practices used to farm basa will affect your decision to buy the fish .

good fish guide the latest advice , top tips and recipes for buying and cooking fish that is sustainably sourced .

i found some cheap fish called " basa fillet – fishermans choice " . the brand is kinda low quality anyway but there is a lot of warning on the internet about eating this type of imported fish from vietnam .

it is disgusting , don ' t touch it . and i refuse to go to any fish and chip shop that serves basa as their standard grilled fish and chips and charge any more than $ 5 for it .

u . s . catfish producers characterize vietnamese basa as an unclean bottom - feeder bred in polluted water .

adding to basa’s appeal is that it is a low - fat source of protein and is also very budget - friendly . at one supermarket , i saw frozen basa fillets for just 88 cents per 100 grams .

it took me a good two hours of internet research to figure this all out ) , particularly as basa is used internationally for both pangasius bocourti and pangasius hypophthalmus , and the same is true for panga in europe . however , since 2010 vietnam has instituted legislation to label all basa and tra for export consistently as basa .

basa fillets are relatively low in sodium , with 50 mg per fillet . the daily recommended intake of sodium is 2 , 300 mg , so a 100 - gram basa fillet contains just 2 percent of this amount .

basa is growing in popularity in many bay area restaurants , but some chefs are not sold on the fish . robert lam , the vietnam - born chef at butterfly in san francisco , said he doesn ' t cook with basa because fish farming is not closely regulated in vietnam for environmental quality . he also prefers seasonal , local ingredients .

in the united states , basa from vietnam has been banned in louisiana , mississippi and alabama after it was claimed that illegal antibiotics turned up in samples of the fish .

but basa ' s supporters - - among them fass , who said he has inspected vietnamese fish farms - - say basa are raised in fast - flowing waters in cages at the surface of the mekong river and not at the murky bottom , like pond - raised american catfish .

the first commercial crop of basa is expected to be reaped in september of this year , and the expectation of aqua - culturalist and managing director of algix , maurice reynolds , is that basa is going to replace the tilapia as the fish of choice for freshwater cultivators and consumers .

filleted basa was retailing for $ 8 . 99 a pound earlier this week at the whole foods market in san ramon , where anthony colombini laid out fleshy , slightly pink strips of basa on a bed of crushed ice .

basa is a river catfish and one of 28 species in the pangasiidae family . in comparison to its cousin – pangasius hypophthalmus - basa are more difficult to farm , more costly to raise and slower to grow . consequently - basa commands a higher price . both basa and swai are scale - less fish and have stout and heavy bodies . they have round , broad heads with blunt snouts that have a white band on the muzzle . both species are usually harvested when they are about 2 to 3 pounds .

the experts are purporting that the female basa has the ability to produce much more eggs than any other fish ever farmed commercially in jamaica . another claim is that at full maturity the basa weighs an average of 88 - 90 lbs , making it much easier for the cutting of fillets .

" the basa is a special fish . it is a native of southeast asia , particularly vietnam , cambodia and neighbouring nations , " reynolds told the jamaica observer last thursday .

there’s a reason chefs like basa . it lacks the boniness of hilsa , the fishiness of pabda and other strong - flavoured fish , and it is far less bland than sole or even bhekti . sole and bhekti , to my mind , are the chicken of fish dishes — intrinsically uninteresting , but great vehicles for subtle sauces . basa has a subtle flavour all its own , interesting texture — catfish can flex its muscles , though purists sometimes complain that it’s too thin - flavoured and watery . but by and large , basa is cheap , good fish — a classic “recession” fish for chefs .

ish , t . & doctor , k . 2005 . tra and basa : tra ( pangasius hypophthalmus ) and basa ( pangasius bocourti ) . seafood watch , seafood report , monterey bay aquarium , california , usa . 29 pp .

select fish lower on the food chain—anchovies , mackerel and sardines , for example . as larger predatory fish eat smaller fish , contaminants are concentrated and accumulated . another benefit is that these smaller fish tend to have higher levels of omega - 3 fats .

next time you’re at a seafood restaurant where you are tempted to order a fish sandwich , or fish and chips ( usually fried ) ask the server what kind of fish that is . if they say cod , mahi or pollock , enjoy your meal . if they say basa , take a pass . basa has become a popular white fish which restaurants substitute as cheaper meat than free - caught ocean fishes . what the restaurant doesn’t tell you is that basa is a bottom - dwelling catfish variety farmed in the mekong delta regions of viet nam , frozen and shipped at low prices to the u . s .

basa fish fillets are low in calories , as a 100 - gram fillet contains 90 calories . this amount comprises just 4 . 5 percent of the daily suggested calorie intake of 2 , 000 . if you ' re dieting , basa fillets can be a good choice , as it would take less than 10 minutes of jogging or less than 11 minutes of swimming to burn the calories in a 100 - gram basa fillet .

however , the seafood watch folk do rate basa as a “good alternative” with some caveats . they say commercial farming of basa , which they call river catfish , in southeast asia has increased rapidly in recent years . they say basa has a strong potential to be a sustainable aquaculture species , but there are conservation concerns with the current practice of open cage aquaculture combined with little or no management of these fish farming operations in asia .

yes , tassal . too much fish poo in the bay . is a a bay , so the ocean is unable to flush out the fish poo under the fish farms . and they have way too many fish net pods . wish they lose their asc .

but basa isn’t without controversies . nothing that successful ever is . in 2002 , the us department of commerce upheld the appeal of american catfish farmers and slapped a dumping duty on the fish . later , the us food and drug administration ( fda ) launched an investigation into the farming practices of basa . vietnamese fish farmers were accused of using unhealthy antibiotics to increase its yield .

the owner of a leicestershire fish and chip shop has admitted selling imported freshwater fish as cod after random dna tests by trading standards .

chef caroline rye , the urban fishwife , tells us her experiences using mcs’ good fish guide to make informed choices when buying fish .

i recently did a natural bodybuilding competition in australia . for 11 weeks prior i ate 5x 200g cooked basa fillet meals per day . that’s 1kg basa every day for 11 weeks . that’s 77kg basa that i personally ate over 11 weeks . i loved it . i still eat it now . it tastes great with pepper & chilli on the bbq . i didn’t get sick at all . if anyone should have gotten sick from eating basa , surely the guy who ate 80kg in 3 months would have , wouldn’t he ?

however , the price of basa in markets and restaurants is sure to jump if the preliminary duties are made permanent , said matt fass , vice president of marine products international , a virginia fish importer .

for better performance . it is well - known in the markets as basa fish or dory in fillet products ( imitating marine dory zeus spp . ) . fry for aquaculture is taken from the wild .

the pangasius species of freshwater fish , known locally as basa , is now being produced in jamaica and is being trumpeted as the natural successor to the tried and tested tilapia on the plates of jamaicans .

what is the secret of such high yield of basa ? “there is no other fish that can be as easily de - scaled and de - boned , ” says p . b . reddy , director , castlerock fisheries . basa has just one , long , central bone and once that is taken out , making the fillet is easy .

another fish from mekon delta is the swai fish…comes from the same waters and is also a catfish ! sells for very cheap at wal mart .

i am from pakistan have been eating this fish once almost every month . this fish is used by many restaurants here to make different fish recipes including fish burgers , cutlets and fish n chips . we love it due to it being easy to eat and tastefully delicious . no one in my family ever had any problem after consuming this fish . i would recommend it to anyone for its taste , convinience , price and safety .

what about the taste of this fish ? basa adapts very well to indian and other asian cuisines such as chinese and thai . chefs concur that it can easily be tava - cooked or masala - grilled . “it gels well with the kind of palate indians have . it is softer [ than other indian fish ] , ” says chef anirudhoya roy of taj land’s end , who pioneered the use of this fish in indian hotels . today , roy uses 600 kgs of basa a month .

the ngos began importing small quantities of basa and a related fish called tra . they sold the fish to distributors and wholesalers and a handful of restaurants and markets , such as the seafood center on san francisco ' s clement street , which is run by members of the ngos ' extended family . since then , basa " has really taken off , now many other importers handle it too , " christine ngo said .

is frozen mekong catfish from vietnam . if is not frozen , it has been freshly ' thawed for your convenience ' . food is food ; but looking at my sustainable fish wall chart in my office right now , it says we should ' eat less ' basa fish species . my hotel chefs will never purchase this fish to serve in our restaurants .

. . . i have a friend that has been eating about 4 killos of basa every week for the last year . . . .

i love basa fish and eat it every week . it is cheap , it has a very bland taste and smell ( that ' s a good thing for me ) and it is extremely easy to cook .

several environmental organizations concerned with marine ecosystems have raised concerns about basa . oceanwise , an environmental organization associated has flagged farmed basa for its potential pollution of ecosystems and interference with wild species . it writes , “open cage farming in southeast asia is associated with disease transfer to wild basa . there are also concerns about feed quality , farm operating standards and the biological impact of using wild stock for culturing . ” it as also commonly heard that these fish are being fed human excretory products in poor countries .

basa is described as having large , white fillets with no bones , and flesh that is moist with a light , firm texture and a mild fish flavour . this makes basa , which is often sold frozen or thawed from frozen , a versatile species that can be used in a multitude of recipes and cooking styles , whether in a home or restaurant kitchen .

all of these fish are produced by aquaculture . wild harvest is possible but very limited , and the wild fish are subject to considerable variation in quality .

basa fillets contain no carbohydrates , so you can eat this fish on a low - carbohydrate diet . while low - carbohydrate diets can help you lose weight , you don ' t need to restrict carbohydrates to diet successfully .

i prefer to eat locally caught fish . if i were going to purchase basa , i would do a thorough check of the importing company and garner as much information as i could about how the fish they are selling are farmed . if they are proud of their product , they will supply details .

however , their joy didn’t last long because the vietnamese retaliated by rebranding their catfish as basa . “basa” is simply the vietnamese word for the fish in question . first they didn’t have a coherent strategy and so other names also proliferated , including tra , bocourti , panga and swai . panga , which is mostly used in europe , derives from the latin family name pangasiidae . basa and tra are different subfamilies – basa is technically known as pangasius bocourti ( hence the trade name bocourti ) and tra is technically known as pangasius hypophthalmus . the vietnamese word for pangasius hypophthalmus is tra and the thai word for it is swai ( hence the trade names tra and swai ) .

" it ' s a little more delicate than domestic catfish , " said charles phan , the vietnam - born chef at the slanted door , who described basa as a mild , white - fleshed fish with a pleasant flavor .

to him , the issue is simple . vietnam should stop labeling imported basa fish as catfish and thereby end what he calls its unfair piggybacking on an industry built from scratch by farmers here and in alabama , louisiana and mississippi .

the farming of basa has started in eastern india’s fresh waters as well . the region produced 30 , 000 tonnes of the fish in 2010 and it is being served all over the north ( including delhi ) and the east .

dear al : with the name basa , one might think it’s related to bass , a fish canadians cast for in local rivers and lakes . like bass , it is a freshwater fish , but it’s not related to that species . it is a type of catfish and its latin name is pangasius bocourti .

( also called , pangasius , vietnamese river cobbler , basa fish and white catfish , tra , gray sole ) . it was a reminder to tell you about the dangers of this strange but increasingly popular fish . i learned about them and how they’re raised a while ago on an informative documentary online here :

" so we have more eggs from the female brood stock than any other fish ever farmed in jamaica . this is the main reason why the basa industry is nearly a us $ 2 - billion industry in asia . the best a female tilapia can produce is 500 eggs at any one time . right now , the basa is the sixth most eaten fish in the world and the 10th in the united states , according to independent publications , " he explained .

i love this fish and believe that there is a “fish war” which has led to the media trying to blacklist it . it is in competition with other farm fished products in the usa and other countries and perhaps this is the origin of these scare tactics . if we put any food products under the microscope it might put most of us off…growth hormones , chemicals etc etc the australian board on fish importing has all good things to say about basa fish and i believe it :

first time there and we ordered the fish and chips and calamari and chips - the calamari was very well done in my opinion , chips were ok . . . . . but the fish was dreadful . to be fair , the waitress did ask if we were ok with basa fish since it wasn ' t for everyone ( we had never had it ) which we agreed to . . .

for example , on canadian importer bay point trading’s website , baypointtrading . ca , you’ll find many pages of information about the vietnamese basa the company sells .

why is basa pouring into the indian market ? because of the after - effects of the catfish war . spurred by reports that vietnamese catfish were being overfarmed — a very real danger — the world wildlife fund for nature recently advised consumers not to buy basa . the wwf’s red list is influential , especially in europe , and could hurt exports of basa or panga — and us catfish farmers are still waging war against vietnamese “cobbler” , as it’s widely known in the states .

“is there methylmercury in all fish and shellfish ? ” nearly all fish and shellfish contain traces of methylmercury . however , larger fish that have lived longer have the highest levels of methylmercury because they’ve had more time to accumulate it . these large fish ( swordfish , shark , king mackerel and tilefish ) pose the greatest risk . other types of fish and shellfish may be eaten in the amounts recommended by fda and epa .

wife cooks basa in batter and serves it up with a few slices of fried potato and a bit of green veg . just had some tonight – yum !

indian accent serves it , blue ginger in bangalore features it among its signature dishes , and every upscale thai or vietnamese restaurant seems to have basa on the menu , replacing sole , bhekti and singara fillets . but the story behind basa , perhaps 2010’s fish of the year , is a long and complex one . there aren’t too many catfish that can claim responsibility for a second us - vietnam conflict .

not usually a good sign . fresh fish does not have an extreme fishy smell .

please read this link to studies made on these fish . it is quite surprising !

it is your call but i don ' t see why people hate it so much . if you are looking for a " better " fish with omega 3 and such , there are better choices like salom and codfish , but if you just want to a quick fix of fish that is super easy to make get the basa .

basa is said to be inexpensive because it grows fast , it’s easily harvested and it’s processed in factories near the farm . being able to get the fish to market without the expense of maintaining a fleet of fishing boats helps keep the price low .

indian fishery experts think that in a few years aquaculture within the country will start delivering quality basa . and they would not be the only ones . apparently , the chinese have taken a shine to this fish and have started ramping up its production .

however , nearly all fish contain traces of mercury . for most people , the risk from mercury by eating fish is not a health concern . yet , some fish contain higher levels of mercury that may harm an unborn baby or young child’s developing nervous system .

basa fillets are rich in protein , as a 100 - gram fillet contains 14 grams . this amount is more than twice the protein in an egg , but a basa fillet contains 50 fewer calories than two eggs would provide . your body needs protein to maintain the integrity of your existing cells and tissues and build new tissues .

while i ' m aware of basa hazards in the past , i ' m inclined to trust coles standards for healthy sanitary food , although like much of their fruit , basa hasn ' t much taste . but after egging , breadcrumbing and pan frying it ' s a nice dish we eat regularly and at an excellent price .

usually i don ' t mind and just eat it anyway , but for some reason these fillets have no fishy smell . i ' ve had many types of fish and often opening the bag i ' m met with a extreme fishy smell . these basa fish however don ' t have that at all . more like a chemical smell .

there’s nothing wrong with the fish . i’m also a fish and fish processing expert . these fish are fed with commercial pelletized feeds similar to what they feed salmon , tilapia etc . the “urine” thing must be hcg ( human chorionic gonadotriopin ) hormones used to induce spawning . people use hcg in a weight loss program these days…google it and find out .

correction : january 21 , 2002 , monday a chart on wednesday with a front - page article about a dispute over the designation of basa fish from vietnam as catfish mislabeled figures comparing domestic catfish production with imports . the figures denoted pounds , not tons .

to understand how economical the process is , compare the rates that indian hotels have to pay for a kilogramme of fish of different varieties , along with the yield of meat they get from each . there is hardly a contest because basa wins hands down .

answer : “the farmed fish is cross - eyed from staring up at the outhouse . ”

we don’t fish for it in canada . basa , also called swai and a few other names , is native to southeast asia . it is farmed in large numbers in pens around the mekong river system of vietnam , as well as in china and cambodia .

algix jamaica , a company with investors from the united states and jamaica , is now breeding , stocking and producing basa on its farm at barton isle in st elizabeth .

the u . s . catfish industry initially pressed congress to prohibit labeling “basa” as catfish . the first antidumping duties against “certain frozen fish fillets from vietnam” went into effect in 2003 . they have not been lifted . more recently , vietnam has been angered by an attempt to reclassify “basa” as catfish , which could lead to stricter united states department of agriculture inspection standards . where are joseph heller and “catch - 22” when you need them ?

i have a friend that has been eating about 4 killos of basa every week for the last year . he is a bodybuilder so he eats about 1 kg of fish , chicken or other proteins every day . he is healthy and not having absolutely any issues .

major retailers in australia and internationally tend to require sustainability certification of farms that produce basa , and only sell product from these sources . this market initiative has driven significant improvements in basa production , such as managing the waste produced in fish farming . vietnam has also introduced a standard to which all farms must operate in order to export product ; however , the standard is not considered high enough to allow access to the us and eu markets .

americans say it comes from the polluted mekong river , while the australians say that the fish comes from fish farms near the mekong river and is highly recommended . we need your advice .

" the weight just kills it , " phan said of the costs to fly fresh basa - - heads , tails , bones and all - - by air from vietnam .

but , where look and taste is concerned , indian basa is yet to make the cut . its colour is dimmer and the bloodstreams running across the flesh are visible . for these reasons the price of indian basa is lower , at rs . 170 to rs . 210 a kg , while the vietnamese variety sells for rs . 240 to rs . 270 a kg . “between september and november 2010 , there was so much basa produced locally , that the price fell to rs . 35 per kg , ” says reddy .

i doubt my wife would ' ve wanted basa in the house forty years ago , when we had anklebiters running rampant . nowadays , though , she ' s more relaxed .

these guidelines are developed based on data from fish that have been tested for chemical contamination and are found to be safe to eat . like fish consumption advisories safe eating guidelines are issued for specific fish species from specific water bodies or types of water bodies by state and local agencies .

perhaps the biggest virtue that the vietnamese bring with this fish is the promise of reliable supplies . in india , sea fish is seasonally available between september and may . for instance , mumbaiites love bombay duck , but it is available from february to may and the indian mackerel is available from september to november . “the price of fish such as king fish [ surmai ] and the others are quite high due to their seasonality and only a small section of the population can eat it regularly , ” says reddy . with basa , all this is overcome .

the risks from mercury in fish depends on the amount eaten and the levels of mercury in the fish . therefore , the food and drug administration ( fda ) and the environmental protection agency ( epa ) advise women who may become pregnant , pregnant women , nursing mothers , and young children to avoid some types of fish and eat fish and shellfish that are lower in mercury .

the vietnamese strategy of market differentiation worked . in the past decade , basa has come to be seen as an imported premium product and has been doing well in a range of export markets , including the usa . consequently , us catfish lobbyists changed their strategy : they went to lobby for basa to be treated as a “like product” – i . e . completely reversing their earlier strategy which had been to argue that vietnamese catfish was different from american catfish . they were successful again and vietnamese basa has been subjected to heavy import tariffs .

7 . the companies who sells the fish doesn’t make me sick . your baseless accusations do .

on its website , oceanwise . ca , the vancouver aquarium’s ocean wise program does not recommend consumers buy basa . aquarium experts say open - cage farming in southeast asia is associated with disease outbreaks and infection of wild basa populations . they also note there are also concerns about feed quality , farm operating standards and the biological impact of using wild stock for culturing .

managed correctly and sustainably , fish farming has the potential to increase fisheries productivity and provide food for hungry people . if fishers collect too many baby fish , wild populations decline . but , if fishers harvest sustainably , then the young fish can be raised to provide extra food . and , in fact , since aquaculture for this species is dependent on healthy fish populations and a healthy river ecosystem , the economic benefit gained from wild fish harvests provides an indirect incentive to protect the environment .

basa , which are farmed in the waters of the mekong river delta , were virtually unknown in the united states before the late 1990s , when h & n food international of san francisco began importing and wholesaling the fish , said the company ' s vice president , christine ngo .

why would you need to look them up when there have been so many documentaries on their production . even rick stein has covered their production in pens beneath homes on the mekong river . basa or vietnamese catfish , is not a fish that you would " choose " to eat .

our oceans have become so depleted of wild fish stocks , and so polluted with industrial contaminants , that trying to figure out the fish that are both safe and sustainable can make your head spin . " good fish " lists can change year after year , because stocks rebound or get depleted every few years , but there are some fish that , no matter what , you can always decline .

if you are familiar with fish , i’ve been fishing since 5 years old . old pier # 5 , now a shopping mall : the holy grail was to not buy a fish that did not had the head still attached . if you know your fish that’s one thing , but even with that you learn to tell how fresh the fish is by the clarity and texture on the eye .

the bangla adage mache bhate bengali – ‘fish and rice make a bengali’ – sums up the importance of fish in the diet of bangladeshis . but with capture fisheries in decline , bangladesh is increasingly lo…

various provincial fish consumption advisories have been issued for water bodies in newfoundland and labrador . at the following locations it is recommended that the designated fish species be consumed no more than once per week :

anyways , back on topic – i personally wouldn ' t choose to eat basa voluntarily . not that impressed with how or where it ' s farmed to be comfortable with eating it .

" we strongly believe that with the expertise we have been able to acquire , the basa will become the dominant force in freshwater cultivation in jamaica , " the algix managing director said .

basa , a type of catfish , can be cooked in myriad ways , such as pan - frying . experts at the vancouver aquarium ' s ocean wise program and the monterey bay aquarium seafood watch in the u . s . stress that while some farmed basa from vietnam or cambodia is excellent , some is of poor quality and it behooves consumers to ask questions before buying .

approximately 2 . 6 to 6 . 7 percent of the fat content of a serving of basa consists of omega - 3 fatty acids . a high intake of these fatty acids - - particularly dha , or docosahexaenoic acid , and epa , or eicosapentaenoic acid - - are linked to a decreased risk of heart disease . to get enough , the american heart association recommends that you should have at least two 3 . 5 - oz . servings of fish like basa each week .

" if the river cobbler had been described as fish , there would have been no problem . "

eat this instead : pacific halibut seems to be doing well , but the group also recommends replacing these fish with other mild - flavored white - fleshed fish , such as domestically farmed catfish or tilapia .

follow these same recommendations when feeding fish and shellfish to your young child , but serve smaller portions .

for additional inquiries , contact the fish and wildlife general information line at 506 - 453 - 2440 .

an advisory about fish from a specific waterbody or type of waterbody may address more than one affected fish species or chemical contaminant . advisories can be issued by federal , state , local or tribal agencies .

we are restoring the world’s wild fish populations to serve as a sustainable source of protein for people .

not terribly impressed . . have eaten basa and it’s cousin swai for years and enjoyed it . i travel a good deal and can’t honestly say that farming conditions for salmon , talapia and other fish in the us are any worse than they are for basa or swai in the mekong delta . i think we as us residents are a bit ethnocentric . . but hey… i get my medical care out of the us as well . we are a self - important group i fear .

basa being a low fat source of protein is good for health . having said that , the farming method and water ( pollution ) they were caught from need to be taken into account .

“country of origin labeling” ( cool ) regulations , which went into effect in 2005 , can help you identify the source of seafood . they require supermarkets—but not restaurants , processed fish products , or , oddly enough , fish markets—to indicate where their fish come from and whether they were farmed or wild - caught .

a better question would be whether basa is the best fish choice to eat . there ' s nothing wrong with it safety wise , but it ' s not the tastiest , best quality or healthiest fish to eat . it ' s cheap for a reason . it ' s sort of like domino ' s pizza . not the best or highest quality pizza around , but for the cheap price it is it will do . also , have you ever had frozen marinara mix ? if yes , then you ' ve eaten basa and survived , so it ' s good . don ' t overdo it though , if you want quality fish buy the local more expensive versions which are far better .

by translating the name of its ' ' tra ' ' fish as ' ' catfish ' ' rather than ' ' basa , ' ' the common english name of that species , the vietnamese have captured 20 percent of the american catfish market . tra looks like catfish ; tra tastes like catfish .

ontario ' s ministry of the environment published provincial fish consumption advisories in the 2009 - 2010 guide to eating ontario sport fish . notices for mercury and other contaminants are located on page 16 of the guide .

seriously , we ' re well aware of the negatives about basa . it ' s a matter of two 70 + folks weighing up the risks and deciding it ' s not worth worrying about .

coles is where we get our frozen basa , at $ 7 kg . . . and impressed with the separate four pack two fillet wrapping , though we don ' t eat that . . .

basa is imported from south - east asia , where it is predominantly farmed along vietnam ' s mekong river in ponds , tanks and cages close to or in the mekong . farms discharge wastewater to the river , which likely cause localised pollution . however , the effect of basa aquaculture on waterways is minor when compared with the degradation of the mekong river by runoff from agriculture and other human activities .

supermarkets are making it easier for consumers to choose fish by providing more detailed information on their labels about where and how fish have been caught . make sure you look out for the " blue tick " logo from the marine stewardship council which certifies that the fish has come from a sustainable and well - managed fishery .

manitoba conservation has a website about mercury in fish , where you will find a pamphlet on " mercury in fish and guidelines for the consumption of recreationally angled fish in manitoba " . for further information on recommended consumption rates , contact a manitoba water stewardship office or phone the resource information service at 204 - 945 - 6784 .

so , women and young children in particular should include fish in their diets due to the many nutritional benefits .

by following these three recommendations for selecting and eating fish or shellfish , women and young children will receive the benefits of eating fish and shellfish and be confident that they have reduced their exposure to the harmful effects of mercury .

( 3 ) check local advisories about the safety of fish caught by family and friends in your local lakes , rivers , and coastal areas . if no advice is available , eat up to 6 ounces ( one average meal ) per week of fish you catch from local waters , but don’t consume any other fish during that week .

however , some fish and shellfish may contain chemicals that could pose health risks . when contaminant levels are unsafe , consumption advisories may recommend that people limit or avoid eating certain species of fish and shellfish caught in certain places .


anadara broughtonii is a species of ark clam .

the species was described by shrenk in 1867 .

originally belonging to the genus scapharca , the genus has merged with anadara now .

anadara broughtonii

anadara broughtonii <EOT> subunit structure of hemoglobins from erythrocytes of the blood clam , anadara broughtonii . - pubmed - ncbi

biological studies on arkshell culture , 1 : distribution of drifting larvae of the arkshell , anadara broughtonii schrenck .

" biological studies on arkshell culture , 1 : distribution of drifting larvae of the arkshell , anadara broughtonii schrenck . "

biological studies on arkshell culture , 1 : distribution of drifting larvae of the arkshell , anadara broughtonii schrenck . [ 1977 ]

silina a v . 2006 . spatial heterogeneity and long - term changes in bivalve anadara broughtonii population : influence of river run - offand fishery .

length frequency distribution of anadara antiquata from ocean road . . . | download scientific diagram

broom m j . 1985 . the biology and culture of marine bivalve molluscs of the genus anadara .

wang z s , sui x l . 1996 . preliminary study of the death of scapharca broughtonii in simulating ecological conditions .

tang q x , wang j , qiu x y , guo x w . 1994 . s tudies on releasing enhancement of scapharca broughtonii .

fecundity and population structure of cockles , anadara antiquata l . 1758 ( bivalvia : arcidae ) from a sandy / muddy beach near dar es salaam , tanzania

nishida k , ishimura t , suzuki a , sasaki t . 2012 . seasonal changes in the shell microstructure of the bloody clam , scapharca broughtonii ( mollusca : bivalvia : arcidae ) .

xiao y x , su j j , xu e d . 1994 . effects of salinity on growth of juvenile and on fattening and mature acceleration of parent scapharca broughtonii ( schrenck ) .

( of anadara kafanovi lutaenko , 1993 ) huber , m . ( 2010 ) . compendium of bivalves . a full - color guide to 3 , 300 of the world’s marine bivalves . a status on bivalvia after 250 years of research . hackenheim : conchbooks . 901 pp . , 1 cd - rom . ( look up in imis ) [ details ]

( of arca broughtonii schrenck , 1867 ) huber , m . ( 2010 ) . compendium of bivalves . a full - color guide to 3 , 300 of the world’s marine bivalves . a status on bivalvia after 250 years of research . hackenheim : conchbooks . 901 pp . , 1 cd - rom . ( look up in imis ) [ details ]

( of arca inflata reeve , 1844 ) huber , m . ( 2010 ) . compendium of bivalves . a full - color guide to 3 , 300 of the world’s marine bivalves . a status on bivalvia after 250 years of research . hackenheim : conchbooks . 901 pp . , 1 cd - rom . ( look up in imis ) [ details ]

( of arca reeveana nyst , 1848 ) huber , m . ( 2010 ) . compendium of bivalves . a full - color guide to 3 , 300 of the world’s marine bivalves . a status on bivalvia after 250 years of research . hackenheim : conchbooks . 901 pp . , 1 cd - rom . ( look up in imis ) [ details ]

( of arca tenuis tokunaga , 1906 ) huber , m . ( 2010 ) . compendium of bivalves . a full - color guide to 3 , 300 of the world’s marine bivalves . a status on bivalvia after 250 years of research . hackenheim : conchbooks . 901 pp . , 1 cd - rom . ( look up in imis ) [ details ]

( of scapharca broughtoni ( schrenck , 1867 ) ) liu j . y . [ ruiyu ] ( ed . ) . ( 2008 ) . checklist of marine biota of china seas . china science press . 1267 pp . ( look up in imis ) [ details ] available for editors [ request ]

erm . ( 1998 ) . fisheries resources and fishing operations in hong kong waters . final report . submitted to agriculture & fisheries department , the hong kong sar government . [ details ]

eol content is automatically assembled from many different content providers . as a result , from time to time you may find pages on eol that are confusing .

to request an improvement , please leave a comment on the page . thank you !

< p > an evidence describes the source of an annotation , e . g . an experiment that has been published in the scientific literature , an orthologous protein , a record from another database , etc . < / p > < p > < a href = " / manual / evidences " > more . . . < / a > < / p >

help pages , faqs , uniprotkb manual , documents , news archive and biocuration projects .

you are using a version of browser that may not display all the features of this website . please consider upgrading your browser .

< p > when browsing through different uniprot proteins , you can use the ‘basket’ to save them , so that you can back to find or analyse them later . < p > < a href = ' / help / basket ' target = ' _ top ' > more . . . < / a > < / p >

< p > this will take you to the blast page where you can edit options < / p > < p > < a href = " / help / sequence - searches " > more . . < / a > < / p >

we ' d like to inform you that we have updated our privacy notice to comply with europe’s new general data protection regulation ( gdpr ) that applies since 25 may 2018 .

our website has detected that you are using an outdated insecure browser that will prevent you from using the site . we suggest you upgrade to a modern browser .

html public " - / / w3c / / dtd xhtml 1 . 0 transitional / / en " " urltoken "

warning : the ncbi web site requires javascript to function . more . . .

we use cookies to enhance your experience on our website . by continuing to use our website , you are agreeing to our use of cookies . you can change your cookie settings at any time .

you could not be signed in . please check your email address / username and password and try again .

most users should sign in with their email address . if you originally registered with a username please use that to sign in .

to purchase short term access , please sign in to your oxford academic account above .

studies on hemoglobin : vi . amino acid compositions of the fractionated bovine globin α and β

xerostomia , thirst , sodium gradient and inter - dialytic weight gain in hemodialysis diabetic vs . non - diabetic patients .

clinical trial for uniform multidrug therapy for leprosy patients in brazil ( u - mdt / ct - br ) : adverse effects approach .

oxford university press is a department of the university of oxford . it furthers the university ' s objective of excellence in research , scholarship , and education by publishing worldwide

for full access to this pdf , sign in to an existing account , or purchase an annual subscription .

supported by the special fund for agro - scientific research in the public interest ( no . 201003068 ) and the national department public benefit research foundation ( no . 201305043 )

baer j , rösch r . 2008 . mass - marking of brown trout ( salmo trutta l . ) larvae by alizarin : method and evaluation of stocking .

barker j m , mckaye k r . 2004 . immersion marking of juvenile midas cichlids with oxytetracycline .

bashey f . 2004 . a comparison of the suitability of alizarin red s and calcein for inducing a nonlethally detectable mark in juvenile guppies .

day r w , williams m c , hawkes g p . 1995 . a comparison of fluorochromes for marking abalone shells .

eckmann r . 2003 . alizarin marking of whitefish , coregonus lavaretus otoliths during egg incubation .

evseev g a , lutaenko k a . 1998 . bivalves of the subfamily anadarinae ( arcidae ) from vietnam .

fitzpatrick m p , jeffs a g , dunphy b j . 2010 . identification of the optimal fluorochrome for marking larvae of the pulmonate limpet siphonaria australis .

fitzpatrick m p , jeffs a g , dunphy b j . 2013 . efficacy of calcein as a chemical marker of green - lipped mussel (

frenkel v , kindschi g , zohar y . 2002 . noninvasive , mass marking of fish by immersion in calcein : evaluation of fish size and ultrasound exposure on mark endurance .

kaehler s , mcquaid c d . 1999 . use of the fluorochrome calcein as an in situ growth marker in the brown mussel perna perna .

klunzinger m w , beatty s j , morgan d l , lymbery a j , haag w r . 2014 . age and growth in the australian freshwater mussel , westralunio carteri , with an evaluation of the fluorochrome calcein for validating the assumption of annulus formation .

leips j , baril c t , rodd f h , reznick d n , bashey f , visser g j , travis j . 2001 . the suitability of calcein to mark poeciliid fish and a new method of detection .

lemarie d p , smith d r , villella r f , weller d a . 2000 . evaluation of tag types and adhesives for marking freshwater mussels (

linard c , gueguen y , moriceau j , soyez c , hui b , raoux a , le moullac g . 2011 . calcein staining of calcified structures in pearl oyster pinctada margaritifera and the effect of food resource level on shell growth .

. ocean university of china , qingdao , china . urltoken ( in chinese with english abstract )

lu h j , zhang x m , xi d , gao t x . 2014 . use of calcein and alizarin red s for immersion marking of black rockfish sebastes schlegelii juveniles .

lucas t , palmer p j , wang s z , scoones r , o’brien e . 2008 . marking the shell of the saucer scallop amusium balloti for sea ranching using oxytetracycline , calcein and alizarin red s .

matsukuma a , okutani t . 2000 . family arcidae , order arcoida . marine mollusks in japan . tokai university press , tokyo , japan . p . 844–855 .

moran a l , marko p b . 2005 . a simple technique for physical marking of larvae of marine bivalves .

morgan s g . 2001 . the larval ecology of marine communities . marine community ecology . sinauer associates , new york . p . 159–181 .

morgan s g . 2001 . the larval ecology of marine communities . marine community ecology . sinauer associates , sunderland , massachusetts , usa . p . 159–181 .

national standardization management council . 2008 . gb / t 12763 . specifications for oceanographic survey - part 6 : marine biological survey . china standard publishing house , beijing . ( in chinese )

oliveira k . 1996 . field validation of annular growth rings in the american eel , anguilla rostrata , using tetracyclinemarked otoliths .

palumbi s r . 2003 . population genetics , demographic connectivity , and the design of marine reserves .

skov c , grønkjær p , nielsen c . 2001 . marking pike fry otoliths with alizarin complexone and strontium : an evaluation of methods .

somero g n . 2002 . thermal physiology and vertical zonation of intertidal animals : optima , limits , and costs of living .

taylor m d , fielder d s , suthers i m . 2005 . batch marking of otoliths and fin spines to assess the stock enhancement of argyrosomus japonicus .

thorrold s r , jones g p , hellberg m e , burton r s , swearer s e , neigel j e , morgan s g , warner r r . 2002 . quantifying larval retention and connectivity in marine populations with artificial and natural markers .

van der geest m , van gils j a , van der meer j , olff h , piersma t . 2011 . suitability of calcein as an in situ growth marker in burrowing bivalves .

van der walt b , faragher r a . 2003 . otolith marking of rainbow trout fry by immersion in low concentrations of alizarin complexone .

wang z c , zhang g f , gao y m , zhang c y . 1987 . effects of temperature and foods on the development of gonad of the blood cockle , arca inflat a .

javascript is disabled on your browser . please enable javascript to use all the features on this page .

2 . hb i and ii treated with p - chloromercuribenzoate , designated as pmb - i and pmb - ii , showed greatly increased oxygen affinity and decreased cooperativity . cd spectra at the far - ultraviolet of the pmb - hb in the oxygen liganded state gave similar patterns to those of native oxygenated hb . however no changes in the spectra were observed on deoxygenation . these findings suggest that the pmb - i and pmb - ii retain their native oxy conformation even in the deoxy states . the pmb - modification might prevent the initial ligand - induced conformational change within the protomers .

copyright © 2018 elsevier b . v . or its licensors or contributors . sciencedirect ® is a registered trademark of elsevier b . v .

( schrenck , 1867 ) . accessed through : ahyong , s . ; costello , m . j . ; galil , b . s . ; gollasch , s . ; hutchings , p . ; katsanevakis , s . ; lejeusne , c . ; marchini , a . ; occhipinti , a . ; pagad , s . ; poore , g . ; rius , m . ; robinson , t . b . ; sterrer , w . ; turon , x . ; willan , r . c . ; zhan , a . ( 2018 ) world register of introduced marine species ( wrims ) at : urltoken ; = 504357 on 2018 - 07 - 09

ahyong , s . ; costello , m . j . ; galil , b . s . ; gollasch , s . ; hutchings , p . ; katsanevakis , s . ; lejeusne , c . ; marchini , a . ; occhipinti , a . ; pagad , s . ; poore , g . ; rius , m . ; robinson , t . b . ; sterrer , w . ; turon , x . ; willan , r . c . ; zhan , a . ( 2018 ) . world register of introduced marine species ( wrims ) .

html public " - / / w3c / / dtd html 4 . 01 transitional / / en " " urltoken "

this translation tool is powered by google . fao is not responsible for the accuracy of translations .

busan national fisheries univ . , busan ( korea r . ) . dept . of fisheries biology [ corporate author ]

fao , rome ( italy ) . canadian international development agency , ottawa , ontario . [ corporate author ]

html public " - / / w3c / / dtd html 4 . 0 transitional / / en "

cockle . ( arcidae ) . marine and brackish waters . japan coast . reared in tanks in japan , mainly for experimental purposes .

cockle . ( arcidae ) . marine and brackish waters . tropical pacific . cultivated in muddy estuarine areas of thailand , malaysia , korea , etc . also in west java in shallow sea waters with muddy bottom . attains marketable size of 5–7 . 5 cm in 6–7 months . feeds on organic detritus and phytoplankton . cockle ‘gardens’ are erected on rich cockle spat grounds .

cockle . ( arcidae ) . marine and brackish waters . cultivated in korea .

cockle . ( arcidae ) . marine and brackish waters . cultivated in coastal waters of banten ( west java ) along with a . granosa .

cockle . ( arcidae ) . marine and brackish waters . cultivated in japan . prefers shallow and calm sections of warm bays with mud or sandy mud bottom . spawning season from july to early september , beginning at water temperature of about 25°c and with peak at about 27°c . larvae become bottom dwellers 3–6 months after birth .

cockle . ( arcidae ) . marine and brackish waters . cultivated in muddy estuarine areas of thailand .

ribbed ark - shell . ( arcidae ) . marine and brackish waters . india , pacific islands , etc . cultivated in japan . flesh used as food . attains marketable size in three years .

ark - shell clam . ( arcidae ) . marine and brackish waters . cultivated commercially in the gulf , thailand . young are collected for this purpose from mud . harvestable size attained in about 6 months .

portuguese oyster . ( ostreidae ) . marine and brackish waters . coast of europe ; introduced to other areas for culture . commercial cultivation in coastal areas of france , brackish water lakes of tunisia , etc . experimental culture in south africa . salinity tolerance : 21–43 ppt . reported not to breed in lakes where salinity is about 34 ppt .

sydney rock oyster . ( ostreidae ) . marine and brackish waters . australia and hawaii . cultivated in australia , largely in estuaries and inlets of sea . spat collected on wooden sticks and grown on racks or trays raised above surface of estuarine mud flats . can survive out of water for two to three weeks depending on the temperature . attains marketable size in a few months . experimental culture tried in south africa .

japanese oyster ; indian rock oyster . ( ostreidae ) . marine and brackish waters . japan , australia , new zealand and india . cultivated in japan on bamboo . spat imported from japan and cultivated in american waters . commercially important cultivation in philippines also . limited cultivation in south india . requires 8–12 months ' growth to reach marketable size of 6–8 cm length . harvested before spawning season ( march - may ) . feeds mainly on diatoms and protozoans .

oyster . ( ostreidae ) . marine and brackish waters . west coast of africa from senegal to angola . experimental cultivation in nigeria . 7 . 5 cm growth observed in 9 months .

japanese oyster ; pacific oyster . ( ostreidae ) . marine and brackish waters . japan ; transplanted to america ( alaska to california ) , new zealand , tasmania , france , etc . one of the largest cultivated oysters in japan , korea , thailand , north america , tasmania , new zealand , etc . experimental cultivation in philippines , france , etc . grows to 30 cm or more . hardy and can stand wide variations in temperature and salinity . salinity tolerance : 8–36 ppt . optimum salinity and temperature : 20–25 ppt and about 24°c . grows best near estuaries . attains marketable size of 10–15 cm in less than two years , but growth rate is extremely variable . filter feeder , on bacteria , protozoa , diatoms , larval forms , detritus , etc .

rock oyster . ( ostreidae ) . marine waters . new zealand . farmed in new zealand by placing the young taken from natural rocks and rock spawls in suitable locations on the foreshore .

oyster . ( ostreidae ) . marine waters . indian seas . limited farming in kelwa , near bombay ( india ) .

south american oyster . ( ostreidae ) . marine and brackish waters . coast of africa . experimental cultivation in knysa lagoon , south africa .

mangrove oyster . ( ostreidae ) . marine and brackish waters . cuba , jamaica and puerto rico . commercially exploited species ; cultivation on scientific lines initiated in venezuela , cuba .

edible oyster . ( ostreidae ) . marine and brackish waters . japan , india , etc . cultivated in japan for food purposes . salinity tolerance : 7–34 ppt .

atlantic oyster ; eastern oyster . ( ostreidae ) . marine and brackish waters . gulf and atlantic coast of u . s . a . , west indies and introduced in british columbia . cultivated in u . s . a . at present four hatcheries are reported to be working on commercial scale . reaches marketable size in 2–4 years . feeds on plankton . spawning takes place when temperature increases within average range of 20–32°c . salinity tolerance : 5–32 ppt with optimum between 10–28 ppt . larvae grow best in 15–18 ppt salinity and temperature of 18–30°c .

oyster . ( ostreidae ) . marine and brackish waters . cultivated in brackish waters of thailand .

pearl oyster . ( unionidae ) . marine waters . japan . cultivated in japan for pearls . treated oysters are put in cages and suspended in sea . pearl formation in six months ; big ones in three years .

pearl ‘oyster’ ; abalone . ( haliotidae ) . marine waters . japan . cultivated for pearls in japan . treated oysters are put in cages and suspended in sea . pearl formation in six months ; big ones in three years .

pearl ‘oyster’ . ( unionidae ) . marine waters . japan . cultivated in japan for pearls . details same as h . discus hannai .

mussel . ( unionidae ) . fresh water . east america . cultivated along with fishes in u . s . a . the mussel clears the water by filtering , thereby increasing fish production . cultivation reported to be still in experimental stage .

surf clam . ( mactridae ) . marine waters . japan . propagated on the southwest coast of tokyo bay .

hard clam . ( mercenaridae ) . marine and brackish waters . gulf of st . laurence to gulf of mexico in north america . experimental farming in u . s . a . grown in protective boxes along gulf and atlantic coasts . most specimens spawn when one year old . feeds on plankton , mostly phyto . larvae grow best in salinity of 25–27 ppt and temperature 18–30°c .

experimental cultivation in boxes along gulf and atlantic coasts of u . s . a . for seed purposes .

backwater clam . ( veneridae ) . east coast of india . experimental cultivation reported from a marine fish farm in south india .

clam . ( veneridae ) . japan coast . spawning season from july to september when water temperature rises above 25°c . grows to 6 . 6 mm in shell length in one full year and 36 mm in two full years . in three full years the growth is about 51 mm . largest specimens about 98 mm long . requires sandy bottom , but is considered suitable for marine propagation .

hard clam ; big clam . ( veneridae ) . japan coast . cultivated in korea and japan . reaches marketable size of 5–7 cm in one to two years .

‘clam’ . ( muricidae ) . marine and brackish waters . mediterranean . collected from tunisian coast and fattened in the bizerta lake ( brackish water ) .

soft clam ; soft - shell clam . ( myidae ) . marine waters . east and west coasts of north america , norway - france , japan , etc . farmed in u . s . a . feeds on phyto and zooplankton . in nature occurs in exposed areas of coast line .

sea mussel . ( mytilidae ) . marine waters . far east . cultivated in korea .

common mussel . ( mytilidae ) . marine and brackish waters . widely distributed . cultivated in france , spain , germany , italy , netherlands , denmark , england , scotland , canada , etc . feeds on plankton ( diatoms , protozoans ) and detritus . harvested when 7–8 cm in length . in netherlands requires three years to grow to marketable size .

mediterranean mussel . ( mytilidae ) . marine and brackish waters . mediterranean coasts . cultivated in taranto gulf , italy ; brackishwater lakes of tunisia ; greece , etc .

green bay mussel . ( mytilidae ) . marine and brackish waters . far east . cultivated in muddy estuarine areas , mostly on bamboo stake - traps , in thailand . cultivated also in oyster farms in philippines or separately , following diverse methods . harvested in six months at the average length of 5–8 cm . feeds on ‘lab - lab’ . spawns throughout the year . optimum temperature 26–30°c and salinity 27–35 ppt .

mussel . ( mytilidae ) . marine and brackish waters . cultivated in muddy estuarine waters of thailand .

oyster . ( ostreidae ) . marine and brackish waters . japan coast . found at water depth of 15–40 m . spawning begins in early june , when the water temperature is about 19°c . culture by sowing , raft and simplified hanging methods .

european flat oyster . ( ostreidae ) . marine and brackish waters . european coast . cultivated in european countries , specially in spain , france , tunisia , greece , scotland , ireland , etc . and marine ( u . s . a . ) . culture reported from south africa also . salinity tolerance : 24–45 ppt . spawns at temperature 15–18°c . in cages attains 6–7 cm in 9 months and on ordinary beds 9 cm in 16 months . feeds on phytoplankton . in scotland cultivated on ropes attached to floats and reported to attain marketable size in three years .

oyster . ( ostreidae ) . marine and brackish waters . far east . most important oyster cultivated in philippines . ready for harvest when right valves are 6–8 cm or more long . generally takes 8–12 months to grow from spat to harvesting stage . harvested before spawning season ( march - may ) .

olympia oyster . ( ostreidae ) . marine waters . alaska to lower california on american coast . cultivated in puget sound ( u . s . a . ) by drilling favourable areas and carefully maintaining the enclosed ground . begins to spawn when temperature reaches 16°c . hatchery established in oregon . experimental culture in japan also .

backwater oyster . ( ostreidae ) . marine and brackish waters . east coast of india . cultivated in pulicat lake ( india ) . flesh used as food . food largely diatomaceous . eggs and larvae prefer low salinities . salinity range for adults : 8–25 ppt .

oyster . ( ostreidae ) . marine and brackish waters . far east . details same as o . iredalei .

oyster . ( ostreidae ) . marine waters . mediterranean . cultivated in the black sea , u . s . s . r .

oyster . ( ostreidae ) . marine and brackish waters . africa . experimental cultivation in nigeria .

clam ; tapestry shell . ( veneridae ) . marine and brackish waters . japan coast . cultivated in japan . grows to marketable size of 3 cm in one year .

window - pane shell . ( pectenidae ) . distribution and biological characters similar to p . yessoensis . cultivated in japan .

window - pane shell . ( pectenidae ) . marine waters . japan coast . generally cold sea dweller . spawning season march to july . critical temperature for spawning 8–9°c . growth depends on location , age and population density .

mussel . ( aviculidae ) . marine waters . limited cultivation on rafts in venezuela .

margarita pearl oyster . ( pteriidae ) . marine waters . limited farming in venezuela .

japanese pearl oyster ; pearl oyster of sri lanka and persian gulf . ( pteriidae ) . marine waters . japan , red sea , sudan , sri lanka , etc . cultivated in japan . imported in australia for experimental culture . easy to culture , but very small in size . marketable in five years .

black - lip pearl oyster . ( pteriidae ) . marine waters . indo - pacific . cultivated for pearls in japan and philippines . treated oysters are put in cages and suspended in sea . pearl formation in six months , big ones in three years . cultivated in australia for flesh and shell also .

japanese pearl oyster . ( pteriidae ) . marine waters . japan , sudan , red sea , etc . cultivated for pearls in japan , in cages suspended in sea . pearls are formed in six months ; big ones in three years . feeds on diatoms . cultivated in australian farms , where pearls are produced in half the time required in japan ( size up to 18 mm diameter ) . gigantic nurseries in sudan and red sea - dongonab bay .

silver - lip ; gold - lip ; australian pearl oyster . ( pteriidae ) . marine waters . australasia . cultivated in seas around australia . very much amenable to culture conditions .

indian pearl oyster . ( pteriidae ) . marine . indian seas . cultivated in the marine farm at krusadi , india ( bay of bengal ) . first spawning in two years . two spawning periods , one in south west monsoon and the other in north east monsoon . maximum shell growth attained in third year . seldom exceeds 8 . 5 cm in height .

window - pane shell . ( anomiidae ) . marine and brackish waters . limited cultivation in philippine farms . prefers beds of greyish or bluish mud in tidal zones of estuaries , coves or bays . shell is free and unattached .

little neck clam . ( veneridae ) . marine waters . north america . a trend is developing toward private farming in u . s . a .

wing shell . ( pteriidae ) . marine waters . far east . cultivated for pearls in japan by putting treated oysters in cages and suspending in sea . pearl formation takes six months to three years according to size required .

oyster . ( ostreidae ) . marine and brackish waters . raft culture in thailand .

butter clam . ( veneridae ) . marine and brackish waters . a trend is developing toward private farming in u . s . a .

mediterranean clam . ( veneridae ) . marine and brackish waters . mediterranean . young collected from tunisian coast and fattened in the bizerta lake ( brackish water ) . production in 1967 : 85 tons .

japanese little neck clam ; manila clam . ( veneridae ) . marine waters . japan and pacific coast of asia . cultivated in japan and korea . called ‘asari’ in japan . spawning occurs between 20 and 28°c .

manila clam . ( veneridae ) . marine waters . japan coast . a trend is developing toward private farming in pacific coast of u . s . a . ; introduced from japan .

short neck clam . ( veneridae ) . marine waters . far east . cultivated in korea .

clam . ( veneridae ) . marine and brackish waters . mediterranean . young collected from the tunisian coast and fattened in the bizerta lake ( brackish water ) .

artificial culture of scallops ( pectenidae ) , reported in bay of peter the great , off vladivostok .

limited cultivation of squids and octopus larvae ( exact species determinations not available ) has been initiated in japan .

for full functionality of researchgate it is necessary to enable javascript . here are the instructions how to enable javascript in your web browser .

join researchgate to access over 30 million figures and 118 + million publications – all in one place .

. . . since v . vulnificus was first recognized as a human pathogen in 1979 [ 22 ] , great advances have been made in the understanding of the epidemiology this species [ 23 ] . v . vulnificus is commonly isolated from seawater and seafood in korea and infections are expected to increase , with more than 100 cases already occurring annually [ 20 , 24 ] . the question then arises as to why more people do not become infected with v . vulnificus . . . .

distribution of hemolytic vibrio sp . in sea water of the beaches of busan during mid - summer

the change of cell counts of vibrio parahaemolyticus in fish muscle by the storage time and temperature was examined to get basic informations for precautionary steps against food poisoning of slices of raw fish ( sashimi ) . there fore , we inoculated fish homogenate of oceanic bonito ( katsuwonus pelamis ) , yellow tail ( seriola quinqueradiata ) with kanagawa positive vibrio parahaemolyticus and . . . [ show full abstract ]

this experiment was carried out to evaluate the sanitary quality of cultured vegetables and to check the removing rate of bacteria by treating methods such as washing with tap water or commercial detergent , or blanching . samples collected from farm land located at busan suburbs and markets were fragaria chiloensis var . ananasa , lycopersicum esculentum , capsium longum , cucumis sativus , lactuca . . . [ show full abstract ]

inhibitory effects on bacterial growth by using lysozyme and mixtures of it with other antibacterial substances ( sodium hexametaphosphate and sodium pyrophosphate ) were investigated against the 7 kinds of hacterial strains isolated from putrefied surumi products . the growth inhibitory concentrations of lysozyme and lysozyme + sodium hexametaphosphate + sodium pyrophosphate against the bacteria . . . [ show full abstract ]

studies on distribution , characterization and detoxification of shellfish toxin in korea 3 . detoxifi . . .

we have veen already reported the distribution of psp of bivalve mollusca in southern coast of korea and also analyzed their characteristics . the purpose of this study was to develop detoxification method for psp infested sea mussel , mytilus edulis , by rearing methods or processing treatments . there was no significant detoxification effect when the psp infested sea mussel was reared in a tank . . . [ show full abstract ]


lepidochrysops vera , the vera 's giant cupid , is a butterfly in the lycaenidae family .

it is found in nigeria .

adults have been recorded on wing in may and june .

lepidochrysops vera

lepidochrysops vera <EOT> libert , m . 2001 euchrysops butler et lepidochrysops hedicke : deux genres distincts ? description de quatre nouvelles especes et de deux nouvelles sous - especes ( lepidoptera , lycaenidae ) . lambillionea 101 , 351 - 371 .

© 2016 , butterfly conservation society , ghana - african butterfly research institute - icom ltd .

html public " - / / w3c / / dtd html 4 . 01 transitional / / en " " urltoken "

an extremely diverse african genus . most of the species are endemic to the cape region of south africa . larvae feed on lamiaceae and verbenaceae in early instars , and then are taken into ant nests , where they are tended by the ants , consuming ant larvae and pupae , until they pupate ( larsen 2005 ) .

ackery , p . r . , smith , c . r . & vane - wright , r . i . ( ed . ) 1995 carcasson ' s african butterflies . canberra : csiro .

larsen , t . b . 2005 butterflies of west africa . stenstrup , denmark : apollo books .

correspondence regarding this page should be directed to andrew v . z . brower at

. note that images and other media featured on this page are each governed by their own license , and they may or may not be available for reuse . click on an image or a media link to access the media data window , which provides the relevant licensing information . for the general terms and conditions of tol material reuse and redistribution , please see the

each tol branch page provides a synopsis of the characteristics of a group of organisms representing a branch of the tree of life . the major distinction between a branch and a leaf of the tree of life is that each branch can be further subdivided into descendent branches , that is , subgroups representing distinct genetic lineages .

for a more detailed explanation of the different tol page types , have a look at the structure of the tree of life page .

tree of life design and icons copyright © 1995 - 2004 tree of life project . all rights reserved .

confused by a class within a class or an order within an order ? please see our brief essay .

to cite this page : myers , p . , r . espinosa , c . s . parr , t . jones , g . s . hammond , and t . a . dewey . 2018 . the animal diversity web ( online ) . accessed at https : / / animaldiversity . org .

disclaimer : the animal diversity web is an educational resource written largely by and for college students . adw doesn ' t cover all species in the world , nor does it include all the latest scientific information about organisms we describe . though we edit our accounts for accuracy , we cannot guarantee all information in those accounts . while adw staff and contributors provide references to books and websites that we believe are reputable , we cannot necessarily endorse the contents of references beyond our control .

this material is based upon work supported by the national science foundation grants drl 0089283 , drl 0628151 , due 0633095 , drl 0918590 , and due 1122742 . additional support has come from the marisla foundation , um college of literature , science , and the arts , museum of zoology , and information and technology services .

popular : trivia , history , america , television , tv , usa , geography , cities , . . . more


the olive-brown oriole ( oriolus melanotis ) , or sunda oriole , is a species of bird in the family oriolidae .

it is endemic to the islands of the lesser sundas .

its natural habitats are subtropical or tropical dry forests and subtropical or tropical mangrove forests .

olive - brown oriole

olive - brown oriole <EOT> select an image : 1 . olive - brown oriole 2 . olive - brown oriole > > male 3 . olive - brown oriole 4 . olive - brown oriole > > female 5 . olive - brown oriole > > male 6 . olive - brown oriole > > male 7 . olive - brown oriole > > male 8 . olive - brown oriole > > male

olive - brown oriole ( oriolus melanotis ) is a species of bird in the oriolidae family .

the olive - brown oriole is classified as least concern . does not qualify for a more at risk category . widespread and abundant taxa are included in this category .

* olive - brown oriole ( oriolus melanotis melanotis ) - image . * olive - brown oriole ( oriolus melanotis ) - text . * orchard oriole ( icterus spurius ) - image . * oriolus chinensis - images . * oriolus cruentus - image . * oriolus flavocinctus - image . * oriolus oriolus - images . * oriolus oriolus - pirol - text und abbildung . * oriolus xanthornus - image . more

of eastern and central north america , having bright orange and black plumage in the male and olive brown plumage in the female . it was formerly considered a subspecies of the northern oriole .

olive - brown oriole is quite similar to the local helmeted friarbird but the male is less so , while on timor , where the nominate race of this oriole occurs , the female is again quite similar to the helmeted friarbird but the male is not . in australia , however , where both the olive - backed oriole and the green oriole overlap in range with the helmeted friarbird , there is no mimicry . it seems clear that the orioles mimic the friarbirds , rather than vice versa . more

showing page 1 . found 0 sentences matching phrase " olive - brown oriole " . found in 0 ms . translation memories are created by human , but computer aligned , which might cause mistakes . they come from many sources and are not checked . be warned .

the alternative genus xanthonotus , originally described by c . l . bonaparte , in 1854 , has been used to group the dark - throated oriole ( oriolus xanthonotus ) , the philippine oriole and the isabela oriole , the first two of which were considered by sibley and monroe to be sister - species . the subspecies albilorus of the philippine oriole has sometimes been elevated to the rank of a full species , but in other treatments the philippine oriole , including albiloris , has been considered a subspecies of the dark - throated oriole .

relationship with man several oriolids , among them the eurasian golden oriole , the eastern black - headed oriole and the australasian figbird , occasionally cause damage to fruit crops in gardens and orchards , and have consequently been persecuted . it is very likely that other oriole species have met the same fate .

oriole clutches vary from one egg to six , but the average is about two to three eggs , usually laid at intervals of 1–2 days . the eggs measure approximately 2 × 3 cm and weigh 5–10 g . they are sometimes white or pinkish - white but mostly some sort of creamy colour , with reddish , brownish , purplish , greyish and blackish spots and streaks , these markings usually concentrated at the obtuse end . the eggs of figbirds , however , are duller , having a greyish - green to olive - brown ground colour .

wetar oriole ( o . m . finschi ) - hartert , 1904 : originally described as a separate species . found on wetar and atauro islands

timor oriole ( o . m . melanotis ) - bonaparte , 1850 : originally described as a separate species . found on timor , rote and semau islands

nestlings of the eurasian golden oriole begin to preen and to exercise their wings when they are about 10–12 days old , which is the time when most down feathers start to be replaced with adult feathers . a few days later , some leave the nest and perch in the immediate surroundings , including the ground . they start to fly when 16–20 days old , after which the young stay with the parents in family groups for a few weeks , or perhaps even months , feeding by the parents eventually ceasing altogether . orioles probably breed for the first time at the age of 2–3 years , as demonstrated for the eurasian golden oriole .

studies of eurasian golden orioles have revealed that this species can exhibit site - fidelity over several years . in a few cases , ringing has confirmed that both male and female returned to the same territory year after year . usually the pair chooses a new nesting site , but occasionally it will occupy the same nesting tree or , indeed , the same branch , and it may even reuse materials from the previous year’s nest or , rarely , the orioles will use the old nest , merely repairing it with some new material . both the eastern black - headed oriole and the eurasian golden oriole have on rare occasions been recorded as using the same nest a year later .

orioles must drink , and they may do so in various ways . the eurasian golden oriole , for example , may pump or suck water , as well as nectar , upwards into its downward - pointed beak , or it may use a sequence of alternately pumping and raising its beak , a “suck - and - tilt” process . usually , this species drinks from tree hollows , takes dew or raindrops from branches or leaves , or flies closely above the surface of a waterbody and quickly dips its bill . in rare instances , it will also drink from rain puddles .

although , with some members of the family , it appears that both sexes build the nest , incubate the eggs , and brood and feed the nestlings , this is the exception . more usually , it is exclusively or almost exclusively the female that incubates , for a period of 2–3 weeks , and that broods the nestlings , again for 2–3 weeks . while incubating , the female of the eurasian golden oriole leaves the nest to feed herself only for brief periods of about ten minutes , and rarely up to 38 minutes , but she leaves for longer foraging trips after the eggs have hatched . meanwhile , the male may feed her and he may also incubate or brood for short periods .

telemetric studies of the eurasian golden oriole in northern germany showed that , during the breeding season , the adults foraged for 45 % of the time within 200 m of the nest and for 80 % of the time within 700 m of the nest , but they would travel 1–3 km for especially abundant food sources , such as plants infested with caterpillars . their foraging ranges increased significantly after the hatching of the eggs . sometimes , up to three immature or adult orioles , presumably previous offspring of the nesting pair , helped in the feeding of the young , especially in habitats with poor food availability . a similar phenomenon has been recorded for the australasian figbird , the nestlings of which are occasionally brooded and fed by extra males and females .

html public " - / / w3c / / dtd xhtml 1 . 0 transitional / / en " " urltoken "

the ioc world bird list is an open access resource of the international community of ornithologists . our goal is to facilitate worldwide communication in ornithology and conservation based on an up - to - date classification of world birds and a set of english names that follows explicit guidelines for spelling and construction ( gill & wright 2006 ) .

the ioc editorial team and advisors update the web - based list quarterly . the updates include changes of recommended names or classification , additions of newly described species , corrections of nomenclature , and updates of species taxonomy .

the ioc world bird list complements other primary world bird lists that differ slightly in their primary goals and taxonomic philosophy , i . e . the clements checklist of the birds of the world , the howard & moore complete checklist of the birds of the world , 4 th edition , and hbw alive / bird life international . improved alignment of these independent taxonomic works is a goal of the newly structured international ornithologists union , including a round table discussion at the 2018 meeting in vancouver , british columbia .

ioc world bird list 8 . 1 doi 10 . 14344 / ioc . ml . 8 . 1

ioc world bird list 8 . 2 doi 10 . 14344 / ioc . ml . 8 . 2

ioc world bird list 7 . 1 doi 10 . 14344 / ioc . ml . 7 . 1

ioc world bird list 7 . 2 doi 10 . 14344 / ioc . ml . 7 . 2

ioc world bird list 7 . 3 doi 10 . 14344 / ioc . ml . 7 . 3

ioc world bird list 6 . 4 doi 10 . 14344 / ioc . ml . 6 . 4

ioc world bird list 6 . 3 doi 10 . 14344 / ioc . ml . 6 . 3

ioc world bird list 6 . 2 doi 10 . 14344 / ioc . ml . 6 . 2

ioc world bird list 6 . 1 doi 10 . 14344 / ioc . ml . 6 . 1

ioc world bird list 5 . 4 doi 10 . 14344 / ioc . ml . 5 . 4

ioc world bird list 5 . 3 doi 10 . 14344 / ioc . ml . 5 . 3

ioc world bird list 5 . 2 doi 10 . 14344 / ioc . ml . 5 . 2

ioc world bird list 5 . 1 doi 10 . 14344 / ioc . ml . 5 . 1

ioc world bird list 4 . 4 doi 10 . 14344 / ioc . ml . 4 . 4

ioc world bird list 4 . 3 doi 10 . 14344 / ioc . ml . 4 . 3

ioc world bird list 4 . 2 doi 10 . 14344 / ioc . ml . 4 . 2

ioc world bird list 4 . 1 doi 10 . 14344 / ioc . ml . 4 . 1

ioc world bird list 3 . 5 doi 10 . 14344 / ioc . ml . 3 . 5

ioc world bird list 3 . 4 doi 10 . 14344 / ioc . ml . 3 . 4

ioc world bird list 3 . 3 doi 10 . 14344 / ioc . ml . 3 . 3

ioc world bird list 3 . 2 doi 10 . 14344 / ioc . ml . 3 . 2

ioc world bird list 3 . 1 doi 10 . 14344 / ioc . ml . 3 . 1

gill f & d donsker ( eds ) . 2016 . ioc world bird list ( v 6 . 2 ) . doi 10 . 14344 / ioc . ml . 6 . 2

html public " - / / w3c / / dtd html 4 . 01 transitional / / en "

hbw alive contains information on descriptive notes , voice , habitat , food and feeding , breeding , movements , status and conservation plus a list of bibliographical references for this species account .

no flash player has been set up . please select a player to play flash videos .

double - check spelling , grammar , punctuation . translators work best when there are no errors or typos .

if words are different , search our dictionary to understand why and pick the right word .

if phrases are different , try searching our examples to help pick the right phrase .

we ' ve combined the most accurate english to spanish translations , dictionary , verb conjugations , and spanish to english translators into one very powerful search box .

spanishdict is devoted to improving our site based on user feedback and introducing new and innovative features that will continue to help people learn and love the spanish language . have a suggestion , idea , or comment ? send us your feedback .

html public " - / / w3c / / dtd xhtml 1 . 0 strict / / en " " urltoken "

medium - sized passerines with relatively large , long and pointed wings , short to medium - length tail ; many species very colourful in yellow to golden and black , some more green .

habitat orioles are primarily canopy feeders ( see general habits ) . almost all members of the family have been recorded in primary forest habitats of various kinds : dry , closed - canopy african woodlands , evergreen and semi - evergreen broadleaf forests , including monsoon forest , damp highland and moss forests , eucalypt ( eucalyptus ) woodland , and deciduous and coniferous forests , as well as mixed forests such as pine–oak ( pinus – quercus ) forest .

an intriguing anti - predator response is exhibited by adult eurasian golden orioles , which , when threatened , adopt a stiff posture with beak turned upwards , similar to that of a bittern ( botaurus ) when disturbed or alarmed . this behaviour is demonstrated also by fledglings when warned by their parents , and it is already evident even among nestlings ; the latter , if a parent gives a warning call , press themselves flat into the bottom of the nest but keep the bill pointing upwards . dodging all dangers , ringed eurasian golden orioles reached a maximum age of eight years , with an average of 1·5 years for ringed nestlings and 3–4 years for individuals that had reached adulthood .

adverse weather decreases nesting success by depleting food resources , particularly invertebrates , or by directly killing nestlings or destroying nests . after such events , depending on circumstances , pairs may quickly make a new breeding attempt , or they may forgo breeding for the year in question . exceptionally bad weather , such as hailstorms , can even kill adults .

vol 13 - handbook of the birds of the world , del hoyo j . , elliott a . christie d .

ioc world bird list ( v7 . 1 ) , gill , f and d donsker ( eds ) . 2017 .

cookies help us deliver our services . by using our services , you agree to our use of cookies .

recording av # 4262 . timor - leste : about 5 - 6 km from the indonesian border on the south coast ( - 9 . 415 , 125 . 118 ) recorded by frank r . lambert

birds of the indonesian archipelago greater sundas and wallacea the first ornithological field guide covering the vast chain of the indonesian archipelago , with over 2 , 500 illustrations , describes all 1 , 417 bird species known to occur in the region , including 601 endemics , 98 vagrants , eight introduced species and 18 species yet to be formally described . together these represent over 13 % of global bird diversity .

← click inside , copy the code and then paste it into your web page code .

myavibase allows you to create and manage your own lifelists , and produce useful reports to help you plan your next birding excursion .

there are more than 12 , 000 regional checklists in avibase , offered in 9 different taxonomies , including synonyms more than 175 languages . each checklist can be viewed with photos shared by the birding community , and also printed as pdf checklists for field use .

there are a few ways by which you can help the development of this page , such as joining the flickr group for photos or providing translations of the site in addition languages .

howard and moore 4th edition ( incl . corrigenda vol . 1 - 2 ) :

you must be logged in to view your sighting details . to register to myavibase click here .

avibase has been visited 263 , 292 , 593 times since 24 june 2003 . © denis lepage | privacy policy

to look up an entry in the american heritage dictionary of the english language , use the search window above . for best results , after typing in the word , click on the “search” button instead of using the “enter” key .

some compound words ( like bus rapid transit , dog whistle , or identity theft ) don’t appear on the drop - down list when you type them in the search bar . for best results with compound words , place a quotation mark before the compound word in the search window .

the usage panel is a group of nearly 200 prominent scholars , creative writers , journalists , diplomats , and others in occupations requiring mastery of language . annual surveys have gauged the acceptability of particular usages and grammatical constructions .

go to our crossword puzzle solver and type in the letters that you know , and the solver will produce a list of possible solutions .

the articles in our blog examine new words , revised definitions , interesting images from the fifth edition , discussions of usage , and more .

the american heritage® dictionary of the english language , fifth edition copyright ©2018 by houghton mifflin harcourt publishing company . all rights reserved .

thousands of entries in the dictionary include etymologies that trace their origins back to reconstructed proto - languages . you can obtain more information about these forms in our online appendices :

the indo - european appendix covers nearly half of the indo - european roots that have left their mark on english words . a more complete treatment of indo - european roots and the english words derived from them is available in our dictionary of indo - european roots .

this website is best viewed in chrome , firefox , microsoft edge , or safari . some characters in pronunciations and etymologies cannot be displayed properly in internet explorer .

html public " - / / w3c / / dtd html 4 . 01 transitional / / en " " urltoken "

the source code for the wiki 2 extension is being checked by specialists of the mozilla foundation , google , and apple . you could also do it yourself at any point in time .

would you like wikipedia to always look as professional and up - to - date ? we have created a browser extension .

it will enhance any encyclopedic page you visit with the magic of the wiki 2 technology .

i use wiki 2 every day and almost forgot how the original wikipedia looks like .

of perfecting techniques ; in live mode . quite the same wikipedia . just better .

this page was last edited on 28 march 2018 , at 15 : 34 .

basis of this page is in wikipedia . text is available under the cc by - sa 3 . 0 unported license . non - text media are available under their specified licenses . wikipedia® is a registered trademark of the wikimedia foundation , inc . wiki 2 is an independent company and has no affiliation with wikimedia foundation .

zoonomen - zoological nomenclature resource , 2011 . 01 . 25 , website ( version 25 - jan - 11 )

" zoonomen - zoological nomenclature resource " maintained by alan p . peterson at urltoken

disclaimer : itis taxonomy is based on the latest scientific consensus available , and is provided as a general reference source for interested parties . however , it is not a legal authority for statutory or regulatory purposes . while every effort has been made to provide the most reliable and up - to - date information available , ultimate legal requirements with respect to species are contained in provisions of treaties to which the united states is a party , wildlife statutes , regulations , and any applicable notices that have been published in the federal register . for further information on u . s . legal requirements with respect to protected taxa , please contact the u . s . fish and wildlife service .

special thanks to tropical birding for outstanding photo contributions to the bird data family of apps .

this application is created by interactive maps . you can also have your visited countries map on your site . if you see this message , you need to upgrade your flash player .