the eurasian eagle-owl ( bubo bubo ) is a species of eagle-owl that resides in much of eurasia .

it is also called the european eagle-owl and in europe , where it is the only member of its genus besides the snowy owl ( b. scandiacus ) , it is occasionally abbreviated to just eagle-owl .

it is one of the largest species of owl , and females can grow to a total length of 75 cm ( 30 in ) , with a wingspan of 188 cm ( 6 ft 2 in ) , males being slightly smaller .

this bird has distinctive ear tufts , with upper parts that are mottled with darker blackish colouring and tawny .

the wings and tail are barred .

the underparts are a variably hued buff , streaked with darker colour .

the facial disc is poorly developed and the orange eyes are distinctive .

besides being one of the largest living species of owl , it is also one of the most widely distributed .

the eurasian eagle-owl is found in many habitats but is mostly a bird of mountain regions , coniferous forests , steppes and other relatively remote places .

it is a mostly nocturnal predator , hunting for a range of different prey species , predominantly small mammals but also birds of varying sizes , reptiles , amphibians , fish , large insects and other assorted invertebrates .

it typically breeds on cliff ledges , in gullies , among rocks or in other concealed locations .

the nest is a scrape in which averages of two eggs are laid at intervals .

these hatch at different times .

the female incubates the eggs and broods the young , and the male provides food for her and when they hatch , for the nestlings as well .

continuing parental care for the young is provided by both adults for about five months .

there are at least a dozen subspecies of eurasian eagle-owl .

with a total range in europe and asia of about 32 million square kilometres ( 12 million square miles ) and a total population estimated to be between 250 thousand and 2.5 million , the iucn lists the bird 's conservation status as being of " least concern " .

the vast majority of eagle-owls live in mainland europe , russia and central asia , and an estimated number of between 12 and 40 pairs are thought to reside in the united kingdom as of 2016 , a number which may be on the rise .

tame eagle-owls have occasionally been used in pest control because of their size to deter large birds such as gulls from nesting .

eurasian eagle - owl

eurasian eagle - owl <EOT> common eagle - owl , eurasian eagle owl , great eagle - owl , northern eagle - owl .

( " the eurasian eagle owl " , 2002 ; konig , et al . , 1999 ; " eurasian eagle owl " , 2003 ; )

eurasian eagle owls have distinct individual vocalizations . every member of a eurasian eagle owl population can be reliably identified by voice alone .

eurasian eagle owl showing the location of the uropygial gland . photo © ian berwick

( " the eurasian eagle owl " , 2002 ; konig , et al . , 1999 ; parry - jones , 1998 ; " eurasian eagle owl " , 2003 )

the large eurasian eagle - owl can be found thriving across much of the old world .

the eurasian eagle owl is a very large , heavy owl with prominent ear - tufts , and powerful feathered talons .

eurasian eagle - owl ( bubo bubo ) is a species of bird in the strigidae family .

the eurasian eagle - owl is one of the largest owl species in the world , with a wingspan of nearly two metres .

an eagle owl preys on small mammals and other owl species to feed its chick .

description : eurasian eagle - owl is a large - sized owl , able to kill and carry preys of 200 to 2000 grams .

britain ' s hen harrier population is thought to be threatened by the presence of the eurasian eagle owl .

( " the eurasian eagle owl " , 2002 ; konig , et al . , 1999 ; parry - jones , 1998 ; penteriani , et al . , 2002 ; " eurasian eagle owl " , 2003 ; )

the call of the eurasian eagle - owl is described as a deep , booming ‘ ooo - hu ’ .

captive eurasian eagle - owls have been known to live for up to 60 years .

owl information . . . index of owl species . . . photos of various owl species for identification

the eurasian eagle - owl is found in europe , asia and even north africa ( links to corresponding continent pages ) .

the eurasian eagle - owl was successfully reintroduced in switzerland and germany in the 1980s and is now a fully protected species .

predictive models of habitat preferences for the eurasian eagle owl bubo bubo : a multiscale approach . ecography 26 : 21 - 28

the eurasian eagle owl , or european eagle owl as it is more commonly known , is one of the largest of owl species . incorrectly , the eagle owl is frequently described as the largest of owls , however in terms of length , that particular honor belongs to the great grey and the blackiston ' s fish owl is arguably heavier .

the latest sighting details and map for eurasian eagle - owl are only available to our birdguides ultimate or our birdguides pro subscribers .

they are known by a variety of names , including common great owls , northern eagle owls , desert eagle owls , great eagle owls or northern eagle owls .

our pair of eurasian eagles owls , x and dumbledore , have taken up residence in eagle hall .

eagle owls resemble the great horned owl , but are much larger in size .

bayle , p . and prior , r . , prey species of eagle owl

photographig studies of some less familiar birds . lxxxiv . eagle owl . british birds

eagle owl in the aral - caspian region , kazakhstan . raptors conservation , 16

horned owls : with two tufts of feathers on its head , presumably used for communication , the eurasian eagle owl looks much like its north american relative , the great horned owl .

as an apex predator , the eurasian eagle owl has no natural predators . even the golden eagle , with whom the eagle owl shares both range and food preferences , is seldom in direct conflict with the owls , thanks to the birds hunting at different times of day ( the golden eagle in daytime , the eagle owl at night ) . a lifespan of 20 years in the wild isn ' t uncommon for eurasian eagle owls ; birds in zoological care have been known to live as long as 60 years .

the nesting of the eurasian eagle - owl ( bubo bubo ) in a man - made building . slovak raptor journal , 4 : 103 - 104

the eurasian eagle - owl ( bubo bubo ) diet in the orava region ( n slovakia ) . slovak raptor journal , 4 : 83 - 98

the peregrine fund . 2003 . " eurasian eagle owl " ( on - line ) . the peregrine fund . accessed march 21 , 2003 at urltoken .

embed this arkive thumbnail link ( " portlet " ) by copying and pasting the code below . < a href = " urltoken " title = " arkive species - eurasian eagle - owl ( bubo bubo ) " > < img src = " urltoken " alt = " arkive species - eurasian eagle - owl ( bubo bubo ) " title = " arkive species - eurasian eagle - owl ( bubo bubo ) " border = " 0 " / > < / a >

brood - switching in eagle owl bubo bubo fledglings . ibis , 150 : 816 - 819

the eurasian eagle - owl preys on mammals up to the size of hares or young deer , and will also take large birds such as herons and buzzards .

eurasian eagle - owl ( bubo bubo ) nesting in a nest box on a very high voltage electricity pylon . slovak raptor journal , 4 : 99 - 101

eagle owls are considered to be the world ' s largest owl species ; they weigh about twice as much as the heaviest north american owl - the snowy owl , and weigh nine times as much as the common barn owl .

the eurasian eagle owl reaches sexual maturity at around one year , and can live up to 20 years in the wild , or up to 60 years in captivity .

andreychev , a . v . , lapshin , a . s . , and kuznetsov , v . a . , the diet of the eurasian eagle - owl (

individual acoustic monitoring of the european eagle owl bubo bubo . ibis , 150 : 279 - 287

the eurasian eagle - owl is classified as least concern ( lc ) on the iucn red list ( 1 ) and listed on appendix ii of cites ( 3 ) .

eurasian eagle owls are one of the biggest species of owl in the world . they are easily identified by their large stature , prominent ear tufts and bright orange eyes .

the following habitats are found across the eurasian eagle owl distribution range . find out more about these environments , what it takes to live there and what else inhabits them .

shot eagle owl flying well again an owl which was shot with an air rifle in gloucestershire is said to be flying extremely well after being rescued .

three chicks , iranian eagle owl , bubo nikolskii , fluffy beige , looking in the same direction .

valkama , j . and saurola , p . , mortality factors and population trends of the eagle owl

first record of cooperative nesting in the eagle owl bubo bubo . ardeola , 52 : 351 - 353

the decline of the interspecific agonistic displays in an adult female indian eagle owl bubo bengalens . . .

the turkmenian eagle owl is a sub species of the eurasian eagle owl . they are one of the largest species of owl in the world , and have a distinctive appearance with prominent ‘ear tufts’ on the tops of their heads which all members of the eagle owl family have . this sub species originated from turkmenistan , although they are now extinct in that range and are instead found throughout parts of russia , kazakhstan , and mongolia .

a : opinions differ on this question . general consensus points towards the eurasian eagle owl , which is the largest in weight and average length . some sources say it is the great grey owl , as some individuals can have quite a big overall length . it should be noted that much of the bulk of the great grey owl is due to its generous plumage . also worth a mention is the little known blakiston ' s fish owl which has unpublished average and maximum weights exceeding the eurasian eagle owl .

eurasian eagle owls are likely the largest species of owl in the world . great grey owls ( strix nebulosa ) are slightly longer in the body , and blakiston ' s fish owls ( bubo blakistoni ) weigh a little more , but only the eurasian eagle owl boasts a six - and - a - half - foot wingspan . its conspicuous ear tufts are reminiscent of north america ' s great horned owl ( bubo virginianus ) , but the eagle owl ' s orange eyes and great size make it distinctive .

there are no fewer than 13 subspecies of the eurasian , which is a member of the strigidae ( true owl ) family .

the turkmenian eagle owl is not a threatened species , but it is uncommon throughout its range , as is the eurasian eagle owl family as a whole . however this sub species originated in turkmenistan , where it is now locally extinct , instead thriving in other regions . numbers of eurasian eagle owls have declined over the 20 th century , and although more stable now , are not as high as they previously were .

the eurasian eagle owl ( bubo bubo ) is arguably the heaviest owl in the world ; followed by the equal - sized or slightly smaller blakiston ' s fish owl . the eagle owl is smaller than the golden eagle , but nearly twice the size of the snowy owl . its wingspan reaches up to 7 feet ( 2 . 1 meters ) . its weight can go up to 10 lbs ( 4 . 5 kg ) ; compared to the common barn owl , which weighs about 1 . 1 lbs ( 0 . 5 kg ) .

the eurasian hunts by stealth , precision and highly advanced senses , not speed .

feather of an african eagle owl magnified by 150 times under a scanning electron microscope . image © paolo taranto

distribution and number of the eagle owl in the altai - sayan region , russia . raptors conservation , 10

possible first record of multiple brooding of the eagle owl bubo bubo . ardeola , 50 : 77 - 79

in a study on the indian eagle owl bubo bengalensis in southern india , three morphologically distin . . .

eurasian eagle owl ( bubo bubo ) colonizing lowland floodplain forest in south moravia ( czech republic ) and cases of its breeding in wooden nestboxes . slovak raptor journal , 5 : 127 - 129

the eurasian eagle owls may live up to 21 years or more in the wild . the longest reported age in captivity is 60 years .

year hatched : 2011 type of owl : turkmenian eagle owl other info : bailey is a very large owl , that sits on the glove brilliantly although size and weight mean adults only . can give handlers attitude in aviary

comparative food habits of the eagle owl bubo bubo and the great horned owl bubo virginianus in six paleartic and neartic biomes . ornis scandinavica , 20 : 298 - 306

diet of the eagle owl bubo bubo , in syria . zoology in the middle east 33 : 21 - 26

the time budget and behavioural traits of young and adult indian eagle owl bubo bengalensis ( franklin , . . .

a family of the indian eagle owl bubo bengalensis was monitored at their nest site at nanmangalam r . . .

congratulations on hotd ! this was an awesome article on the eurasian eagle owl . it was very insightful and interesting . loved the images . thank you for sharing . ( voted up ) - rose

sex allocation from an owl perspective : clucth order could determine brood sex to reduce sibling aggression in the eagle owl bubo bubo . ornis fennica , 87 : 135 - 143

development of chicks and predispersal behaviour of young in the eagle owl bubo bubo . ibis , 147 : 155 - 168

use of farm chicken carcasses by the eagle owl bubo bubo . ardeola , 47 ( 1 ) : 101 - 103

regnell s 1957 : berguv [ eagle owl ] . sveriges natur 48 : 79 - 90 . [ in swedish ]

gender determination of eurasian eagle - owls ( bubo bubo ) by morphology . j . raptor res . , 38 ( 4 ) : 375 - 377

the eagle owl family contains some of the largest owls in the world , the turkmenian eagle owl is one of the larger members of this family , with some weighing up to 4 . 2kg , and measuring up to 75cm in length .

although the eurasian eagle - owl has now recovered to some extent and is not currently considered globally threatened , illegal persecution still occurs , and the population remains below its former levels ( 2 ) ( 5 ) ( 13 ) . the eurasian eagle - owl is thought to be highly sensitive to disturbance , particularly during incubation , which may cause adults to abandon eggs and even small young ( 2 ) ( 22 ) .

the eurasian eagle - owl belongs to the family strigidae and the genus bubo . this bird is among the largest species of owls in the world , and can measure 30 inches in length with an impressive wing span of over six feet . the eurasian eagle - owl usually weighs somewhere between two - and - a - half and ten pounds , with the males being slightly smaller in size and stature than their female counterparts . physical characteristics specific to this species of owl include tufted " ears " of feathers , orange eyes , dense bodies , and black beaks , as well as barred wings and tails . the feathers of this species are largely brown , streaks with black plumage . the areas on the bird’s underbelly are lighter in tone , while the eurasian eagle - owl ' s throat is white . the facial disc on the eurasian eagle - owl is grey in color and concave - shaped .

eurasian eagle - owl is resident in most parts of the range , but juveniles may disperse after the nesting period . some movements are recorded in winter , according to the food resources or in harsh weather conditions .

centre for the conservation of specialized species . 2002 . " the eurasian eagle owl " ( on - line ) . the centre for the conservation of specialized species . accessed 3 / 21 / 03 at urltoken .

brightness variability in the white badge of the eagle owl bubo bubo . journal of avian biology , 37 : 110 - 116

perch height and the hunting success of the indian eagle owl bubo bengalensis ( franklin ) ( aves : strigi . . .

some observations on the spread - winged agonistic displays of the indian eagle owl < i > bubo bengalensis < . . .

the eurasian eagle - owl is quite variable in appearance across its range , with a number of subspecies recognised , which differ in size , colouration , and the strength of the dark markings ( 2 ) ( 5 ) ( 6 ) ( 10 ) ( 11 ) . the juvenile eurasian eagle - owl can be recognised by its rudimentary ear - tufts , narrowly barred underparts , and buffy down on the head ( 2 ) .

northern hawk owl photos by jorgen bjerrin . . . a series of northern hawk owl photos taken in denmark by jorgen bjerring

consequences of eagle owl nest - site habitat preference for breeding performance and territory stability . ornis fennica , 84 : 78 - 90

a comparative study of the diet of the indian eagle owl bubo bengalensis ( franklin , 1831 ) from two dis . . .

at the time of writing , the eurasian is being monitored and attempts will be made , over a period of time , to establish whether the regions wildlife has been adversely affected by the presence of the owl . the eurasian is safe , for now .

reproduction : breeding season varies with the range . the nest of the eurasian eagle - owl is often on sheltered cliff ledge or in crevice , in cave , on the ground on steep slope or in abandoned nest in tree .

the eurasian eagle owl can be found in a number of locations including : africa , asia , china , europe , himalayas , mediterranean , russia , united kingdom . find out more about these places and what else lives there .

in a classic british compromise the eagle owl officially remains an alien species but as a resident wild bird is protected from being killed .

i was tracking a couple of mallrd with the parabol when the male eagle owl i had been waiting for began to call . .

( eagle owl in russia , belarus , and ukraine ) , moscow : izd . mosk . gos . univ . , 1994 .

massive immigration balances high anthropogenic mortality in a stable eagle owl population : lesson for conservation . biological conservation , 143 : 1911 - 1918

when these young eurasian eagle - owls reach 2 - 3 years of age , they will be able to find a mate , nest , and produce their own young .

those who are encouraged by the presence of the eurasian in the uk , argue that hen harriers and eagle owls coexist in parts of europe without threatening the others survival .

eurasian eagle owls typically breed from the end of february to the end of april . they are considered to be monogamous , but some cases of bigamy have been recorded .

the european eagle owl can be found across europe to russia and the pacific , through pakistan across to korea and china and across iran .

spatial heterogeneity and structure of bird populations : a case example with the eagle owl . popul . ecol . , 46 : 185 - 192

while matched in weight by snowy owls , in wingspan by verraux ' s eagle owls ( bubo lacteus ) & length by powerful owls ( ninox strenua ) , overall , the eurasian eagle owl is the world ' s largest owl . despite its size , they are generally a good - natured bird , preferring to shy away from contact with people , rather than chase them away .

eagle owls mostly eat rodents ( voles ) and lagomorphs ( rabbit and mountain hare , but will also take mustelids , foxes and occasionally fawns . in this country the eagle owl’s main prey appears to be rabbits .

a : probably another school project question . you are best off starting in our owl physiology section . plenty of nice owl facts there .

a : because there is no such owl . the tawny frogmouth is a bird that is often confused with an owl . here is a link for more information about the so - called tawny frogmouth owl .

i have lived by an eagle owl uk for 18months . a male ex captive . free for about 3 yrs we think in our area .

stewart , j . r . the fossil and archaeological record of the eagle owl in britain . british birds 100 , 481–486 ( 2007 ) .

geographic variation in clutch and brood size of the eagle owl bubo bubo in the western palearctic . journal of ornithology , 131 : 439 - 443

a preliminary report on the development of young indian eagle owl < i > bubo bengalensis < / i > ( franklin , 1 . . .

eurasian wild pig sus scrofa is a widely distributed terrestrial mammal . in india , wild pig occurs . . .

eurasian eagle owls are found throughout europe , scandinavia , russia , the middle east & asia , with some being found breeding as far south as the sahara in africa . currently , they are not found in the wild as far east as japan , or as far west as the british isles . some are found in the northern reaches of the indian subcontinent , & until recently , the indian eagle owl , living throughout the subcontinent , was considered to be a subspecies of the eurasian eagle owl ( bubo bubo bengalensis ) , but is now regarded as a separate species ( bubo bengalensis ) .

obuch j & karaska d 2010 : the eurasian eagle - owl ( bubo bubo ) diet in the orava region ( n slovakia ) . slovak raptor journal 4 : 83 - 98 . doi : 10 . 2478 / v10262 - 012 - 0048 - 9 .

pattern of repeatability in the movement behaviour of a long - lived territorial species , the eagle owl . journal of zoology . print issn 0952 - 8369

diet and breeding success of eagle owl in southeastern spain : effect of rabbit haemorrhagic disease . j . raptor re . , 35 : 259 - 262

facts about turkmenian eagle owls the turkmenian eagle owl ( bubo bubo turcomanus ) is a large , member of the eurasian eagle owl species . with ear tuffs as usual but a paler cream and brown colour than the european eurasian ( see wally ) the turkmenian’s range covers kazakhstan to west mongolia . in the wild they would populate rocky and mountainous regions as well as open forestry although occasionally found in semi desert regions . this species are large birds ranging from around 58cm to 72cm and weigh from 1 . 5kg up to 3 . 8kg approx . bailey we believe to be female due to the size and weight

little detailed information is available on asian populations of this species ( 2 ) . conservation measures recommended for the eurasian eagle - owl include protecting its habitat from development and extensive logging , as well as action to prevent collisions with powerlines ( 19 ) ( 20 ) .

( eagle owl in russia , belarus , and ukraine ) , moscow : izd . mosk . gos . univ . , 1994 , pp . 32–50 .

the diet of the desert eagle owl , bubo bubo ascalaphus , in the eastern desert of jordan . journal of arid environments , 44 : 369 - 372

the eurasian eagle - owl is a highly skilled flier , and one that skims through the air using long , quick glides and shallow wing beats . these highly territorial birds are fearsome and highly effective hunters . as a so called “top predator” , the eurasian eagle - owl faces few , if any , threats from other predatory animals , as it sits upon the upper tier of the food chain . these birds are mostly active at night , preferring to sleep during the daylight hours . eurasian eagle - owls are also for their ability to make an array of vocal sounds , which are used for communicating such information to others as territorial claims and searching for a mate . these birds are sometimes tamed by humans and trained to control pest infestations .

during the first half of the 1900s , eurasian eagle - owl populations declined drastically . humans hunted and poisoned them and , as you can imagine , they had a hard time surviving . happily , local governments have begun to increase their protection of these owls , and some reintroduction programs have taken place . thanks to these efforts , the eurasian eagle - owl is recovering in europe although their numbers still haven ' t returned to what they were before the mid - 1900s . electrocution and collisions with cars continue to be a problem for this extraordinary raptor .

verreaux ' s eagle - owl , milky eagle owl , giant eagle owl ( bubo lacteus ) dutch name : verreaux - oehoe , melkoehoe of melkwitte ooruil german name : milchuhu , blassuhu body length : 66 - 75cm wingspan : 2 m weight : 1600 - 3115g ring size : 20mm breeding age : after 4 years breeding season : march - september eggs : 1 or 2 eggs incubation time : ±38 days area in the wild : africa , locally rare and threatened .

the quality of chicks and breeding output do not differ between first and replacement clutches in the eagle owl bubo bubo . ornis fennica , 88 : 217 - 225

breeders and non territorial individuals of a long - lived species , the eagle owl bubo bubo : differences in space use and movement patterns . phd thesis , 2012

effects of landscape spatial structure and composition on the settlement of the eagle owl bubo bubo in a mediterranean habitat . ardea 89 ( 2 ) : 331 - 340

with wings that can span up to six feet , the eurasian eagle owl is one of the largest owls in the world . its powerful yet silent wings enable this night hunter to stealthily swoop down and scoop up prey . they can even catch other birds in mid - air .

eurasian eagle - owl is territorial , but the closest territories may partially overlap without any problem . often pairs remain together for life . when the breeding season starts , the male suggests some nesting places to the female , while scraping for shallow depression and uttering clucking and staccato sounds .

in terms of its diet , the eurasian eagle - owl typically feeds on an array of small animals , including such creatures as rabbits , rodents , birds , insects , fish , amphibians , and reptiles . these ever watchful and powerful birds prefer to hunt during the dark , nighttime hours , and search out their prey while resting on perches or flying at a low altitude . the eurasian eagle - owl is gifted with both acute eyesight and excellent hearing abilities , which combine to enable the bird to effectively find and catch its prey . its innate and perceptive sense of sound is attuned to pick up on even the slightest sound . this natural trait inadvertently serves to aid the eurasian eagle - owl in its never ending hunt for food by serving to reveal the precise location of any animal the bird deems to be fitting for its next meal .

the eurasian eagle - owl underwent a significant decline in europe during the 20th century , due mainly to human persecution ( 2 ) ( 13 ) ( 16 ) . pesticide use and poisoning from mercury seed - dressings have also been a problem , as have collisions with vehicles , barbed wire ( 2 ) and powerlines ( 18 ) ( 19 ) ( 20 ) . in addition , diseases such as myxomatosis and rabbit haemorrhagic disease have decimated rabbit populations in some areas , with severe knock - on effects for the eurasian eagle - owl ( 2 ) ( 21 ) .

eurasian eagle - owls can be found throughout much of europe and asia , as well as some far northern parts of africa near the mediterranean coast . these birds make their homes in areas where food is most plentiful . they’re suited to living in a wide variety of terrains , including forests , isolated farmlands , and landscapes featuring high cliffs upon which the birds can safely perch while hunting for the prey animals that wander on the grassy areas below . habitats for the eurasian eagle - owl can range from rocky mountainous areas to water - logged marshlands . eurasian eagle - owls can also be found in some of the world’s most treacherous mountain ranges , including the asian himalayas , the alps of europe , and the tibetan plateau . the international union for the conservation of nature ' s most recent red list of threatened species , working in collaboration with birdlife international , classifies eurasian eagle - owls as a species of " least concern " , considering their large populations and the massive geographical range of their diaspora . still , these birds face threats from human activities , such as hunting and accidents involving automobile traffic . many countries have implemented measures to protect and increase their respective eurasian eagle - owl populations .

a : go to our owl physiology page for a detailed classification of owls .

comb - like leading edge of barn owl flight feather . photo © kay schultz

occipital face of a ridgway ' s pygmy owl . photo © alan van norman

the nests of eurasian eagle - owls are usually located on rocky ledges or in caves , as well as in cracks along mountainous cliffs . after the female lays her eggs , she spends the majority of her time incubating them , while her male partner is responsible for finding food . once they break free of their eggs , baby eurasian eagle - owls begin opening their eyes after a period of several days . they grow rapidly thereafter , and during that time it’s important for both of parents to work hard to ensure that their young ones are sufficiently fed so that they can become healthy and strong . eurasian eagle - owls reach maturity at about two to three years of age . in the wild , eurasian eagle - owls can live for approximately 20 years , which becomes even longer when kept in captivity and looked after well .

emmet re , mikkola h , mummery l & westerhof g 1972 : prey found in eagle owl’s nest in central sweden . british birds 65 : 482 - 483 .

in contrast , those who are concerned about the possible impacts of the eurasian on britain ' s wildlife , argue that there is no evidence that the eurasian is naturally occurring here , and the birds are thought to have been previously kept in captivity .

the eurasian eagle - owl has one of the largest ranges of any eagle - owl ( 6 ) , being found across much of europe , through the middle east , russia and asia , and as far east as china , korea and japan ( 2 ) ( 5 ) ( 11 ) ( 13 ) . although this species is generally absent from britain and ireland ( 11 ) , small numbers are now beginning to breed in britain ( 14 ) .

a giant gerbil doesn ' t stand much chance against turkmenistan ' s eagle owls .

the eurasian eagle - owl’s ‘facial disc’ , the flat or concave arrangement of feathers on the face which is typical of owls , is greyish ( 2 ) ( 5 ) , and is less developed than in many other owl species ( 6 ) . the beak is black , and the legs and large , powerful toes are covered with buffy - white feathers ( 2 ) .

in one particularly detailed study of eagle owl diet , partridges accounted for 8 . 4 % of items and pheasants for 2 % , with potential egg predators accounting for over 31 % of items . the most important egg predator , the hooded / carrion crow , features in eagle owl diets more than twice as often as in goshawk diets .

gromov , i . m . and egorov , o . v . , information on the nutrition and economic significance of the eagle owl of eastern pamirs and kopet dag ,

the wings of an owl are finely serrated so that they can fly silently . this is to allow the owl to approach its prey silently without it hearing it first , and so that they owl itself can hear its prey over its own sounds .

a : the answers to these questions and more are in our owl physiology section .

distribution of leading - edge serrations on different wing feathers of all owl species investigated .

comb - like leading edge of great horned owl flight feather . photo © kay schultz

shepel’ , a . i . , petrovskikh , a . i . , and fisher , s . v . , eagle owl in the kama region of perm oblast , in

only white - tailed eagles and golden eagles are known to kill eagle owls but badgers , pine martens and foxes might predate eagle owl nests . their populations may be limited by the availability of nest sites . there is some evidence from central europe to support this .

they were 50–60 days old [ 7 ] . also , a compilation of data on eagle

ferrer m ( 2001 ) the spanish imperial eagle . barcelona , spain : editorial lynx .

the distinctive call of the eurasian eagle - owl is a deep , booming ‘ ooo - hu ’ ( 2 ) ( 4 ) ( 5 ) , while other vocalisations include a quiet , guttural chuckling , and a bark - like scream given by the female ( 2 ) ( 4 ) ( 12 ) .

eurasian eagle - owls combine fast and powerful flights with shallow wing beats and long , fast glides . they also soar on updrafts , displaying a type of flight similar to that of soaring hawks like the red - tailed hawk .

the eurasian eagle owls ( bubo bubo ) are horned owls found in much of europe and asia , where they occur in the mountains and forests with cliffs and rocky areas . they are usually most active at dawn and dusk .

obuch j & rybin sn 1993 : food of the eagle owl ( bubo bubo zaissanensis chachlov ) in southern kirghizia ( osh district ) . folia zoologica 42 : 19 - 31 .

in britain , the eurasian eagle - owl has commonly been kept in captivity , but escapes and releases have occurred ( 25 ) . although it is difficult to prove with certainty , wild individuals are thought to have come from released birds rather than ones that have reached the country naturally from mainland europe ( 26 ) . there are fears that if the population of eurasian eagle - owls in britain grows then some native birds , including vulnerable birds of prey , could be at risk of increased predation by this species ( 25 ) ( 26 ) .

at our world center for birds of prey in boise , idaho , we have a eurasian eagle - owl named wally that helps educate visitors about his species and owls in general . he is a big star in our fall flight shows and is on display year - round in our visitor center . he loves visitors !

the trust ' s view is that no one complains about the little owl , which is an introduction to britain , while the return of the white tailed eagle and the red kite is celebrated . " we suggest that the opposition to the eagle owl is perhaps down to its size and expertise as a predator rather than being based on scientific fact or logic . "

in 2010 an eagle owl was caught on film predating a hen harrier . other species of conservation concern they are known to predate include pine martens , capercaillie , and various raptors and owls

some eagle owls may specialise in killing raptors ; one pair in norway was reported to have killed 13 raptors and owls in one nesting season . in germany , where the eagle owl has recolonised there is clear evidence of substantive adverse effects on the breeding success of goshawks and buzzards .

. . . obuch ( 2014 ) reported multiple lizard species ( agamidae and lacertidae ) in eagle owl pellets from iran . our finding that hedgehogs constituted a significant part of the eagle owl diet is shared with most studies on this owl ' s diet , both within the middle east ( shehab 2004 ) and elsewhere ( marchesi et al . 2002 ; de cupere et al . 2009 ) . our data show increasing dependence on black rats in the diet . . . .

around september to november the young owls will leave the nest . the lifespan of the eurasian eagle owl varies considerably depending upon whether it is kept in captivity , or in the wild . in it ' s natural habitat life expectancy is around 20 years , in stark contrast to captive owls who can live for up to sixty years .

karyakin , i . v . , kovalenko , a . v . , levin , a . s . , and pazhenkov , a . s . , eagle owl in the aral–caspian region ,

it has been recommended that the potential impact of this large owl on native british wildlife be assessed ( 14 ) and that its behaviour , diet and population should be monitored ( 26 ) . the eurasian eagle - owl is listed under schedule 9 to the wildlife and countryside act 1981 with respect to england and wales , making it an offence to release this species into the wild or to allow it to escape ( 25 ) .

considered to be one of the largest owls in the world , the eurasian eagle - owl ( bubo bubo ) is an impressive and majestic bird , with distinctive , prominent ear - tufts , a barrel - shaped body , and vivid orange eyes . the eurasian eagle - owl’s plumage is buffy - brown and heavily mottled and streaked with black , with paler underparts and fine barring on the belly and flanks . the wings and tail are marked with dark bars . the throat is white ( 2 ) ( 4 ) ( 5 ) ( 6 ) and is used in intraspecific communication , as a visual signal associated with vocal displays ( 7 ) ( 8 ) ( 9 ) .

there are numerous points in this article which i think are very questionable . to take just one point the world owl trust are said to have put forward “reliable sightings ( and photographic evidence ) of eagle owls resting on north sea oil platforms” . i am not aware of any such records , nor do the north sea bird club have any . there is a video on youtube which claims to show an eagle owl on a north sea oil platform but which actually shows a long - eared owl .

mortality : eurasian eagle owls may live more than 60 years in captivity . in the wild , about 20 years may be the maximum . they have no real natural enemies ; electrocution , collision with traffic , and shooting are the main causes of death .

yoda the european eagle owl has been issued with a library card – but it is unclear how the bird might pay for any fines incurred in the future . photograph : university of bath / press association

until recently , it was believed that the eagle owl was all but absent from the uk , and had not occurred here naturally since the last ice age more than 10 , 000 years ago . that is , until the european eagle was discovered in the forest of bowland wells , lancashire , northern england .

the great black - headed gull is one of the species to which the agreement on the conservation of african - eurasian migratory waterbirds ( aewa ) applies .

usually most active at dawn and dusk ( 2 ) ( 4 ) , the eurasian eagle - owl has a powerful , fast flight , which is somewhat reminiscent of that of a buzzard ( buteo buteo ) ( 2 ) ( 4 ) ( 16 ) . hunting occurs from an open perch or in flight , and the owl may also search rock crevices for roosting birds , take both adult and young birds from nests , or even plunge into water to capture fish ( 2 ) ( 16 ) . the diet of the eurasian eagle - owl mainly consists of mammals , up to the size of adult hares or even young deer , as well as birds up to the size of herons and buzzards , and occasionally amphibians , reptiles , fish and insects ( 2 ) ( 5 ) ( 6 ) ( 16 ) .

distinguishing nonhuman predation on birds : pattern of damage done by the white - tailed eagle haliaet . . .

investigation into the predation of a pair of indian eagle owls on anurans disclosed the fact that . . .

. . . rufinus ) , red kite ( milvus milvus ) , black kite ( m . migrans ) , eurasian eagle - owl ( bubo bubo ) , and tawny owls ( stix aluco ) are known to prey upon squirrels ( stroganova 1958 ; kolosov et al . 1965 ; heptner and sludskii 1992 ; de cupere et al . 2008 ) . . . .

eurasian eagle - owls are not picky eaters . they mainly eat small mammals such as voles , rats , and rabbits but also hunt woodpeckers , herons , and other birds , including other raptors . they also prey on amphibians , reptiles , fish , and insects .

unlike other birds , owls ' eyes are set forward which greatly enhances depth perception , but doesn ' t allow the owl to rotate its eyes in order to change view . but just like other birds the eurasian needs a wide visual range in order to detect predators and prey . for this reason , owls including the eurasian have particularly flexible necks , which means they can literally rotate their heads 270 degrees either way .

during the last century the eurasian was very much in decline , due to human persecution , road traffic accidents , power lines , barbed wire , toxic mercury seed dressings and pesticide use . myxomatosis and rabbit haemorrhagic disease have significantly reduced rabbit populations in some regions , which has also had detrimental effects on the eurasian population .

voice : sounds by xeno - canto eurasian eagle - owl utters deep and monotonous « oohu - oohu - oohu » repeated every 10 seconds as territorial call . the female’s call is slightly higher - pitched and more raucous than male’s . both mates perform duets during courtship displays . when alarmed and threatened , they may “bark” and grunt , and give harsh “ka ka kau” .

flight : during the breeding season , the eurasian eagle - owl rises into the sky at dusk and soars at good height . it has agile and silent flight in spite of its large size , comfortable on its large wings , with head and short tail well separated from the body . it often appears as a ghost while flying before the moon or in some light .

although it possible for a trained eagle owl to kill a fox this would not be a normal prey . in the wild a less risky catch and more attractive and tasty meal would be a rabbit or rat .

penteriani , v . , m . gallardo , p . roche . 2002 . landscape structure and food supply affect eagle owl ( bubo bubo ) density and breeding performance : a case of intra - population heterogeneity .

martinez , j . a . , martinez , j . e . , perez , e . , zuberogoitta , i . , and izquierdo , a . , possible first record of multiple brooding of the eagle owl

least some of the eagle owls currently inhabiting britain could have occurred naturally . the world owl trust also highlight a wealth of data that appears to suggest wild eagle owls have existed ( and still exist ) in the uk . among this ; perhaps the most persuasive argument put forth is the presence of b . bubo in the fossil record – something which suggests that the eagle owl did indeed inhabit the uk before eventually succumbing to extinction . in a 2007 study published in british birds , john stewart concluded , following a review of the archaeological records , that “eagle owls form a natural part of britain’s fauna” . this paper is freely available online .

. . . this could explain why we found no inter - annual variations in eurasian eagle owl survival . the survival of eurasian eagle owls in alpine and northern latitudes has previously been estimated from the recovery of owls marked as nestlings ( olsson 1997 ) and using a bayesian - integrated population model com - bining different data sets ( schaub et al . 2010 ) . in contrast to our results ( models including age were not well sup - ported ) , these studies pointed to a variation in survival that depended on age - class , and similar results have been found in other long - lived species ( e . g . . . .

eurasian eagle - owls are mostly nocturnal , or active at night . they spend their days roosting , or resting , in a safe perch . if they spend too much time on the ground , even these top predators may fall prey to opportunistic ground predators like foxes .

eurasian eagle - owls seem to do well in most types of habitat if there are available nesting spots and adequate prey . these large , beautiful owls have even been documented living in city parks . one owl showed up at the helsinki olympic stadium in finland . this potential fan spent time hanging out on the goal post , causing the game to be postponed for several minutes !

diet : the eurasian eagle - owl feeds on all moving animals , from beetles to fawns . the most part of its diet includes mammals such as voles , rats , mice , foxes and hares , but also birds of all species , crows , waterfowls , seabirds , and even other raptors’ species . it also may consume snakes , lizards , amphibians , fishes and crustaceans .

malovichko , l . v . , gavrilov , a . i . , and fedosov , v . n . , features of distribution , nesting , and nutrition of the eagle owl in the steppe stavropol region , in

willgohs jf 1974 : the eagle owl bubo bubo ( l . ) in norway . part i . food ecology . sterna , norsk ornithologisk forening og stavanger museum . stavanger 13 ( 3 ) : 129 - 177 .

owls are an order of birds of prey with about 200 species [ 8 ] . owl species vary in size over a huge range . the smallest owl is the pygmy owl ( glaucidium passerinum , weight : 42 g , length : 150–190 mm [ 9 ] ) . the largest owl is the eagle owl ( bubo bubo , weight : up to 4200 g , length : 580–710 mm [ 9 ] ( see wing in fig 2 , see also s1 table ) ) . we reasoned that this range should be large enough to see an effect of size . thus , our first hypothesis was that the size of an owl species might have an influence on the morphology of the serrations . moreover , the different owl species occupy a huge variety of ecological niches , and may live in deserts , woods as well as in the tundra . some of the owl species are strictly nocturnal , like the boreal owl ( aegolius funereus ) , while other owl species are more diurnal , like the little owl ( athene noctua ) . the more diurnal owls do not have such highly developed adaptations to hunting by listening as the nocturnal owls do [ 10 – 12 ] . since a silent flight plays a less important role during hunting in diurnal owls , we further hypothesized that the development of serrations may depend on the activity pattern of an owl species with nocturnal owls have more developed serrations than diurnal owls .

silent flight gives owls the ability to capture prey by stealth , and also allows the owl to use its hearing to locate potential prey . this adaptation is not present on some owl species that hunt in the daytime .

during sleep the tufts are lowered which alters the shape of the head , this assists the eurasian to take up the shape and contours of the bark on nearby trees .

yoda the european eagle owl visits the campus with his handler twice a week to unsettle the gulls there . the seven - year - old is employed as an environmentally friendly method to control the population and limit any adverse effects .

martínez , j . a . and zuberogoitia , i . ( 2001 ) the response of the eagle owl ( bubo bubo ) to an outbreak of the rabbit haemorrhagic disease . journal of ornithology , 142 : 204 - 211 .

whilst the outline about these predators is basically correct they do predate heavily on other owls . this has been found to be the case in many studies . our native owl population is not in a strong position especially the barn owl . whilst there are few in number at the moment the eagle owl could become a problem if they find other owls hunting at night an easy target . tawny , little owl & barn owls could be in trouble . often problems caused by reintroduction of species that no longer are part of our ecology are only found out too late .

short book review & synopsis : ' the barn owl : guardian of the countryside ' by jeff r . martin

with the exception of the barn owl , molting of wing feathers is from the inside out . barn owl wing feathers are replaced from the middle of the wing out ( in both directions ) . tail feathers also drop out a few at a time , except in some smaller owl species , who loose all the tail feathers at once .

penteriani , v . , and delgado , m . m . ( 2009 ) the dusk chorus from an owl perspective : eagle owls vocalize when their white throat badge contrasts most . plos one , 4 ( 4 ) : e4960 .

between one and five eggs are laid , and are incubated by the female for 34 to 36 days , during which time the male brings food to the nest . the young eurasian eagle - owls first leave the nest at around five weeks old , but cannot fly until about seven weeks , and remain dependent on the adults for a further three to four months ( 2 ) ( 5 ) ( 16 ) , not generally starting to disperse until they are approximately 170 days old ( 17 ) the eurasian eagle - owl reaches sexually maturity at 1 year ( 15 ) , and may live up to 21 years or more in the wild , or to an impressive 60 years in captivity ( 2 ) .

a : the best way to encourage your owl to stick around is to build it a house ! we have an owl artificial nest resource page to help you with this . i don ' t recommend trying to feed them .

the evidence at present shows that the eagle owl is posing a minimal threat to the bird community in general . this includes our game bird population as described in your article . obviously this could change if the owl were to be present in greater numbers ( although this increase appears unlikely in the foreseeable future ) . i say give this magnificent owl the opportunity to co - exist with us at present it may help with the control of other far more damaging predators .

this owl usually inhabits natural rocky areas with cliffs and ravines , as well as quarries and buildings , patches of woodland or scattered trees . it also occurs in open forest , taiga , wooded steppe , semi - desert , and farmland with suitable rocky areas ( 2 ) ( 4 ) ( 5 ) ( 11 ) . the eurasian eagle - owl and can be found at elevations of up to about 2 , 000 metres in europe and 4 , 500 metres in central asia and the himalayas ( 2 ) ( 11 ) .


ethmiopsis tegulifera is a moth in the gelechiidae family .

it was described by meyrick in 1932 .

it is found in the russian far east ( ussuri ) , korea and japan .

the wingspan is 13-14.5 mm .

the forewings are white , with scattered dark fuscous scales .

the posterior two-thirds of the costa is dark brown with a white stigma .

the hindwings are grey .

the larvae feed on quercus mongolica and quercus serrata .

ethmiopsis tegulifera

ethmiopsis tegulifera <EOT> ethmiopsis tegulifera ; ponomarenko , 1997 , far east . ent . 50 : 43

dactylethra tegulifera meyrick , 1932 ; exotic microlep . 4 ( 7 ) : 201 ; tl : s . ussuri

ethmiopsis aganactes ; ponomarenko , 1997 , far east . ent . 50 : 42

ethmiopsis catarina ; ponomarenko , 1997 , far east . ent . 50 : 42

ethmiopsis epichthonia ; ponomarenko , 1997 , far east . ent . 50 : 42

ethmiopsis heppneri ; ponomarenko , 1997 , far east . ent . 50 : 42

ethmiopsis prosectrix ; ponomarenko , 1997 , far east . ent . 50 : 42

ethmiopsis scriniata ; ponomarenko , 1997 , far east . ent . 50 : 43

ethmiopsis subtegulifera ; ponomarenko , 1997 , far east . ent . 50 : 43

figures 3 − 5 . adult morphology of encolapta spp . 3 , adult of e . tegulifera , ♀ ; 4 − 5 , labial palpus : 4 , e . tegulifera , ♂ ; 5 , e . epichthonia , ♀ . ( scale bars 3 = 2 . 0 mm ; 4 , 5 = 1 . 0 mm ) .

ethmiopsis prosectrix meyrick , 1935 ; mat . microlep . fauna chin . prov . : 69 ; tl : tien - mu - shan

figures 18 − 19 . genital structure of encolapta spp . 18 , male genitalia of e . tegulifera , slide no . ymq 15463 ; 18 a , eighth abdominal segment of male e . aciprojecta sp . nov . , arrow indicates eighth tergite , slide no . ymq 15479 ; 19 , female genitalia of e . tegulifera , slide no . ymq 15455 . ( scale bars 18 a = 0 . 2 mm ; 18 − 19 = 0 . 5 mm ) .

= ; [ sangmi lee ] ; ponomarenko , 1997 , far east . ent . 50 : 42

= ; ponomarenko , 1997 , far east . ent . 50 : 42 ; [ sangmi lee ]

chelophoba aganactes meyrick , 1935 ; mat . microlep . fauna chin . prov . : 72 ; tl : tien - mu - shan

dactylethrella catarina ponomarenko , 1994 ; japan heteroc . j . 176 : 8 ; tl : rjasanovka , primorskii krai

homoshelas epichthonia meyrick , 1935 ; mat . microlep . fauna chin . prov . : 71 ; tl : lungtan

homochela heppneri park , 1995 ; tropical lepid . 6 ( 1 ) : 79 ; tl : pingtung co . , taiwan

chelophoba melaina clarke , 1986 ; smithshon . contr . zool . 416 : 173 ; tl : marquesas archipelago , fatu hiva , omoa

chelaria scriniata meyrick , 1913 ; j . bombay nat . hist . soc . 22 ( 1 ) : 163 ; tl : pundalalouya , ceylon

dactylethrella subtegulifera ponomarenko , 1994 ; japan heteroc . j . 176 : 7 ; tl : gornotaezhnoe , primorskii krai

larva on quercus mongolica , quercus serrata ponomarenko , 1997 , far east . ent . 50 : 43

sangmi lee , richard brown & sibyl bucheli . gelechioidea - a global framework ;

[ maps ] warning ! the maps are automatically generated from the textual information , and the process does not always produce acceptable result ; see about maps for more info .

sattler , 1973 a catalogue of the family - group and genus - group names of the gelechiidae , holcopogonidae , lecithoceridae and symmocidae ( lepidoptera ) bull . br . mus . nat . hist . ( ent . ) 28 ( 4 ) : 153 - 282

if you have corrections , comments or information to add into these pages , just send mail to markku savela keep in mind that the taxonomic information is copied from various sources , and may include many inaccuracies . expert help is welcome .

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yang , meiqing & li , houhun , 2016 , review of the genus encolapta meyrick , 1913 ( lepidoptera : gelechiidae : chelariini ) from china , with descriptions of six new species , zootaxa 4193 ( 2 ) , pp . 201 - 227 : 221 - 222

material examined . china : shanxi province : 1 ƌ , xiyaocun , ningwu county , 1475 m , 21 . vii . 2011 , leg . shulian hao and jiayu liu

4 ƌƌ , 1 ♀ , administration , luyashan nature reserves , ningwu county , 1450 m , 23−24 . vii . 2011 , leg . shulian hao and jiayu liu , genitalia slide nos . ymq15455 f

ymq 15456 m ; 1 ƌ , dahe forest , 1340 m , 13 . vii . 2012 , leg . qiang gao and na chen , genitalia slide no

ymq15457 ; 2 ƌƌ , dahe forest , yicheng , linfen , 1202 m , 23 , 25 . vii . 2013 , leg . shulian hao and mingjing li , genitalia slide no

ymq15458 ; 1 ƌ , manghe national nature reserves , yangcheng county , 594 m , 17 . vii . 2012 , leg . wei guan and xiuchun wang , genitalia slide no

ymq15459 ; 1 ♀ , xixiakou , lishan nature reserves , qinshui , jincheng , 1515 m , 17 . viii . 2012 , leg . zhiwei zhang and shulian hao , genitalia slide no

ymq15460 ; 29 ƌƌ , 22 ♀♀ , mt . mian , jiexiu , 1370 m , 14−22 . vii . 2014 , leg . tengteng liu , meiqing yang and sihan lu , genitalia slide nos

ymq 15466 m . liaoning province : 3 ƌƌ , mt . tiecha , benxi county , 28−29 . vi . 2010 , leg . jiayu liu and yanpeng cai

3 ƌƌ , 1 ♀ , mt . qian , anshan , 6−7 . vii . 2010 , leg . jiayu liu and yanpeng cai , genitalia slide nos . ymq15471 f

ymq 15472 m ; 7 ƌƌ , 2 ♀♀ , mt . baiyun , haicheng , 11−14 . vii . 2010 , leg . jiayu liu and yanpeng cai , genitalia slide nos

ymq15474 f . zhejiang province : 2 ƌƌ , shunxiwu , qingliangfeng national nature reserves , 390 m , 19−20 . v . 2012 , leg . linlin yang and zhenguo zhang , genitalia slide no

ymq15477 ; 13 ƌƌ , mt . longtang , qingliangfeng national nature reserves , 500 m , 21−22 . v . 2012 , leg . linlin yang and zhenguo zhang

henan province : 7 ƌƌ , baotianman , neixiang , 1350 m , 13−15 . vii . 1998 , leg . houhun li

7 ƌƌ , 3 ♀♀ , huangshian , xixia , 890 m , 17−18 . vii . 1998 , leg

houhun li . guizhou province : 2 ƌƌ , shaluo , chishui , 390 m , 27−28 . v . 2000 , leg

yanli du . shaanxi province : 1 ƌ , yangling , 450 m , 1 . vii . 1986 , leg . houhun li

2 ƌƌ , xinjiashan , fengxian , 1600 m , 9 , 13 . vii . 1988 , leg

houhun li . gansu province : 1 ƌ , douba , kangxian , 1100 m , 8 . vi . 1995 , leg . aisihaer maimaiti

in appearance , and the differences between them are stated under the latter species .

) , and the lateral band joined at middle of anterior margin and the ostium bursae with lateral carinae in the female genitalia ( fig . 19

distribution . china ( gansu , guizhou , henan , liaoning , shaanxi , shanxi , zhejiang ) , japan , korea , russian far east .

no known copyright restrictions apply . see agosti , d . , egloff , w . , 2009 . taxonomic information exchange and copyright : the plazi approach . bmc research notes 2009 , 2 : 53 for further explanation .

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popular : trivia , history , america , television , tv , usa , geography , cities , . . . more

popular : trivia , history , america , television , tv , usa , world , geography , . . . more

the gelechiidae is similar to other gelechioid families in that its members have a scaled proboscis and strongly recurved labial palpus , but differs from other gelechioid families by having a combination of the following characters : 1 ) hindwing subrectangular to trapezoidal with sinuous or concave termen and prominent apex , 2 ) forewing lanceolate to elongate–ovate with cup absent , 3 ) the retinaculum of the wing–coupling mechanism on the radial vein of the female forewing , 4 ) labial palpus long , second segment often with ventral brush , third segment long , acute , rarely with short dorsal brush of rough scales , 5 ) male gnathos forming a pair of lateral , articulated , symmetrical sclerites with an articulated , mesial hook ( hodges , 1986 , 1999 ) .


the red-crowned ant tanager ( habia rubica ) is a medium-sized passerine bird from tropical america .

the genus habia was long placed with the tanagers ( thraupidae ) , but it is actually closer to the cardinals ( cardinalidae ) .

consequently , it can be argued that referring to the members of this genus as ant-tanagers is misleading , but no other common name has gained usage .

red-crowned ant tanagers are 18 cm ( 7.1 in ) long and weigh 34 g ( 1.2 oz ) ( male ) or 31 g ( 1.1 oz ) ( female ) .

adult males are dull reddish brown with a brighter red throat and breast .

the black-bordered scarlet crown stripe is raised when the bird is excited .

the female is yellowish brown with a yellow throat and yellow-buff crown stripe .

the red-crowned ant tanager is a shy but noisy bird .

its call is a rattle followed by a musical pee-pee-pee .

this bird is a resident breeder from mexico south to paraguay and northern argentina , and on trinidad .

common in its wide range , it is not considered threatened by the iucn .

it preferentially occurs in the middle stratum of the forest as well as undergrowth rich in ferns , shrubs and herbs .

these birds are found in pairs or family groups .

they eat mainly arthropods , but berries are also taken .

in central america and trinidad they frequently attend army ant columns , and in the lowland forests of southeastern brazil they may be a nuclear species of understory mixed-species feeding flocks – though further uphill , e.g. in the serra de paranapiacaba , they seem to join such flocks only rarely and prefer to follow the ants on their own .

they also follow south american coatis ( nasua nasua ) on their feeding excursions , namely in the dry season .

in both cases , they are commensales , snatching invertebrate prey startled by the ants or coatis .

the shallow cup nest is usually built in a sapling or tree fern near a stream , and the normal clutch is two brown-blotched white eggs .

the female incubates the eggs for 13 days prior to hatching , with about ten days more before the chicks fledge .

red - crowned ant tanager

red - crowned ant tanager <EOT> 17–19 cm ; male 27·7–42·9 g , female 22·5–37 g . mostly brownish - red ant - tanager with strong bill and no obvious crest . male nominate race is mainly dull brownish - red above , . . .

el diamante , esquipulas - quepos . foraging with varios ant birds , woodcreepers and others .

hilty , s . ( 2018 ) . red - crowned ant - tanager ( habia rubica ) . in : del hoyo , j . , elliott , a . , sargatal , j . , christie , d . a . & de juana , e . ( eds . ) . handbook of the birds of the world alive . lynx edicions , barcelona . ( retrieved from urltoken on 9 july 2018 ) .

a recent phylogeographic analysis of the red - crowned ant - tanager ( habia rubica ) , based on mitochondrial and nuclear markers and also considering differences in song and plumage coloration , suggests that at least three different species should be considered : habia rubica in the atlantic forest area ( brazil , paraguay and argentina ) , rubra in the rest of south america and h . rubicoides in mexico and central america # r .

thank you for taking the time to provide feedback on the iucn red list of threatened species website , we are grateful for your input .

recommended citation birdlife international ( 2018 ) species factsheet : habia rubica . downloaded from urltoken on 09 / 07 / 2018 . recommended citation for factsheets for more than one species : birdlife international ( 2018 ) iucn red list for birds . downloaded from urltoken on 09 / 07 / 2018 .

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sacc . 2005 and updates . a classification of the bird species of south america . available at : urltoken .

justification : this species has an extremely large range , and hence does not approach the thresholds for vulnerable under the range size criterion ( extent of occurrence < 20 , 000 km2 combined with a declining or fluctuating range size , habitat extent / quality , or population size and a small number of locations or severe fragmentation ) . despite the fact that the population trend appears to be decreasing , the decline is not believed to be sufficiently rapid to approach the thresholds for vulnerable under the population trend criterion ( > 30 % decline over ten years or three generations ) . the population size is extremely large , and hence does not approach the thresholds for vulnerable under the population size criterion ( < 10 , 000 mature individuals with a continuing decline estimated to be > 10 % in ten years or three generations , or with a specified population structure ) . for these reasons the species is evaluated as least concern .

partners in flight estimate the total population to number 5 , 000 , 000 - 50 , 000 , 000 individuals ( a . panjabi in litt . 2008 ) . trend justification : this species is suspected to lose 11 . 7 - 13 . 3 % of suitable habitat within its distribution over three generations ( 13 years ) based on a model of amazonian deforestation ( soares - filho et al . 2006 , bird et al . 2011 ) . it is therefore suspected to decline by < 25 % over three generations .

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in costa rica a couple was aided by another female in the rearing the chicks . the youth help their parents in the care of the chicks .

there are many ways to contribute—we need species information , photographs , audio , video , translations , maps , distribution data , and bird sightings . there ' s a role for everyone !

) , in neotropical birds online ( t . s . schulenberg , editor ) . cornell lab of ornithology , ithaca , ny , usa . retrieved from neotropical birds online :

hbw alive contains information on descriptive notes , voice , habitat , food and feeding , breeding , movements , status and conservation plus a list of bibliographical references for this species account .

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a rare vocalization of this species near a stream in the atlantic rainforest . because this voice this species is known as . . .

juan sanabria , desmond allen , josep del hoyo , richard garrigues , manakincarmelo , dave jackson , peter nash , jacob . wijpkema .

manakincarmelo , manuel retana , andre zambolli , ileyne lopes , caduagne , pedro h ramos , josef widmer , juanjaimemg , paul van giersbergen , mauricio rueda , antonio silveira , lindolfo souto , samantha klein .

nominate race and bahiae geographically isolated from ( and larger and darker than ) all other races , in se brazil , and thought in hbw possibly to represent a separate species , while a recent phylogeographic analysis based on mitochondrial and nuclear markers that also took into account differences in song and , to a lesser extent , in plumage coloration suggested that as many as three species might be involved , the rubra group over the rest of south america and rubicoides in middle america , as well as the nominate # r . however , differences between the racial groups are not always clear - cut or pronounced . several of the numerous races are weakly differentiated and seem barely worth recognizing . seventeen subspecies recognized .

( nelson , 1898 ) – pacific slope of sw mexico from nayarit and jalisco s to guerrero .

– s mexico ( from puebla , e oaxaca , tabasco and chiapas ) , guatemala and belize s to honduras , el salvador and nicaragua .

( lawrence , 1867 ) – pacific slope of costa rica ( s from nicoya peninsula ) and panama ( e to darién ) .

phelps , sr & phelps , jr , 1957 – sierra de perijá region of venezuela–colombia .

( todd , 1919 ) – base of andes in w venezuela ( s from lara ) and adjacent nc colombia ( norte de santander , ne boyacá , w casanare ) ; also recorded in nw colombia ( córdoba ) .

parkes , 1969 – e venezuela ( r yuruán region of e bolívar ) .

( salvin & godman , 1883 ) – colombia e of andes ( from meta s to caquetá ) , e ecuador , ne peru and nw brazil .

( taczanowski , 1884 ) – e peru , w brazil and n bolivia ( s to santa cruz ) .

griscom & greenway , 1937 – c brazil s of r amazon ( e to r xingu , s to n mato grosso ) .

hellmayr , 1936 – ne & ce brazil ( alagoas ; se bahia ) .

– se brazil ( from s minas gerais and espírito santo s to rio grande do sul ) , e paraguay and ne argentina ( misiones ) .

has diverse array of vocalizations , some harsh , some exceptionally melodic . in middle america three . . .

breeding reported may and jun ( less often as early as feb ) in mexico , apr–jul in belize , mar in guatemala and feb–jun in costa rica ; feb– . . .

not globally threatened ( least concern ) . widespread , and uncommon to locally fairly common . occurs in a large number of parks and reserves throughout its large range , and its . . .

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previously included in a much broader emberizidae . limits and composition redrawn in recent years , based on extensive molecular work # r # r . as compared to hbw : granatellus is imported from parulidae , amaurospiza from passerellidae ( part of emberizidae in hbw ) , and habia ( now including chlorothraupis ) and piranga from thraupidae ; at the same time , saltator and parkerthraustes have been removed to thraupidae .

on basis of molecular evidence # r # r # r , may form a monophyletic group with piranga and chlorothraupis ; all three previously placed in thraupidae , but same studies show them to belong instead in present family . furthermore , chlorothraupis is merged into habia to resolve paraphyly , as h . rubica is closer to “ chlorothraupis ” than to h . fuscicauda and h . gutturalis # r .

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took a second before i knew what it was , slightly haunting . low - pass filtered at 400 hz .

humid forest . reference : jn2 . krabbe & nilsson ( 2003 ) ( isbn 90 - 75838 - 06 - 9 ) .

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habia rubica holobrunnea : subtrop . e mexico ( s tamaulipas to veracruz and n oaxaca )

howard and moore 4th edition ( incl . corrigenda vol . 1 - 2 ) :

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gnorimoschema bacchariselloides is a moth in the gelechiidae family .

it was described by powell and povolný in 2001 .

it is found in north america , where it has been recorded from california , montana and alberta .

the length of the forewings is 7-8.2 mm .

the forewings are covered by a mixture of greyish and rust scales .

there is a pale rust basal patch , defined outwardly by a whitish transverse band extending obliquely from the costa to the dorsal margin , extending outward in the dorsal area and curving upward as a crescentic streak .

there are two brownish stigmata indicated at about the middle and two-thirds and there are also some scales with blackish tips indicating submarginal spots in the apical area .

the hindwings are grey .

adults have been recorded on wing in september and october .

gnorimoschema bacchariselloides

gnorimoschema bacchariselloides <EOT> species gnorimoschema bacchariselloides - gnorimoschema baccariselloides - hodges # 1971 . 4 - bugguide . net

gnorimoschema bacchariselloides povolný & powell , 2001 , n . sp . , corrects previous spelling of baccariselloides at mpg .

home » guide » arthropods ( arthropoda ) » hexapods ( hexapoda ) » insects ( insecta ) » butterflies and moths ( lepidoptera ) » twirler moths and kin ( gelechioidea ) » twirler moths ( gelechiidae ) » gelechiinae » gnorimoschemini » gnorimoschema » gnorimoschema baccariselloides - hodges # 1971 . 4 ( gnorimoschema bacchariselloides )

this looks like some of the images of 1971 . 4 gnorimoschema baccariselloides at bold and appears to be a much better specimen than one another submitted recently : bugguide found at uv light near santee lakes .

moved from gnorimoschema . note spelling . mpg omitted the " h " in bacchariselloides . i did confirm the original spelling . the error was repeated here at bugguide and at discoverlife as well as your personal website . i also checked bold and the original description by powell & povolný ( 2001 ) p . 11 here . matches some landry bold images perfectly . the description is a little hard to follow but it seems ok . fyi - the link took a couple minutes to download but did eventually work .

photographs are the copyrighted property of each photographer listed . contact individual photographers for permission to use for any purpose .

powell , j . a . & d . povolný , 2001 . gnorimoschemini moths of coastal dune and scrub habitats in california ( lepidoptera : gelechiidae ) . holarctic lepidoptera , 8 ( suppl . 1 ) : 1 - 53 .

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powell , j . a . & povolný d . , 2001 . gnorimoschemine moths of coastal dune and scrub habitats in california ( lepidoptera : gelechiidae ) . holarctic lepidoptera , 8 , ( suppl . 1 ) : 11 .

contributed by maury j . heiman on 2 october , 2013 - 3 : 37pm additional contributions by steve nanz last updated 21 november , 2016 - 11 : 36am

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