the rose-ringed parakeet ( psittacula krameri ) , also known as the ring-necked parakeet , is a gregarious tropical afro-asian parakeet species that has an extremely large range .

the rose-ringed parakeet is sexually dimorphic .

the adult male sports a red or black neck ring and the hen and immature birds of both sexes either show no neck rings , or display shadow-like pale to dark grey neck rings .

both sexes have a distinctive green colour .

rose-ringed parakeets measure on average 40 cm ( 16 in ) in length , including the tail feathers , a large portion of their total length .

their average single-wing length is about 15 – 17.5 cm ( 5.9 – 6.9 in ) .

in the wild , this is a noisy species with an unmistakable squawking call .

it is herbivorous and not migratory .

one of the few parrot species that have successfully adapted to living in disturbed habitats , it has withstood the onslaught of urbanisation and deforestation .

as a popular pet species , escaped birds have colonised a number of cities around the world , including northern and western europe , where they have been able to tolerate ambient temperatures far lower than those in their native range .

since the population appears to be increasing , the species was evaluated as being of least concern by the iucn in 2012 , but its popularity as a pet and unpopularity with farmers have both reduced its numbers in some parts of its native range .

the genus name psittacula is a diminutive of latin psittacus , " parrot " , and the specific krameri commemorates the austrian naturalist wilhelm heinrich kramer .

rose - ringed parakeet

rose - ringed parakeet <EOT> also known as : rose - ringed parakeet , green parakeet , long - tailed parakeet , senegal long - tailed parakeet , northern rose - ringed parakeet ( p . k . borealis )

the rose ringed parakeet with the scientific name of psittacula krameri is also known as the ring necked parakeet .

the indian rose - ringed parakeet measures approx . 42 centimeter or 16 . 5 inches

1 . the rose ringed parakeet perform direct and fast flight than the other parakeets .

gene in the echo parakeet isolates but no support for the results from the rose - ringed parakeet bfdv data .

( indian rose - ringed parakeet ) is distributed in peninsular india and sri lanka . the subspecies

the rose - ringed parakeet is also known as the ringnecked parakeet . its scientific name commemorates the austrian naturalist wilhelm heinrich kramer .

the abyssinian rose - ringed parakeet measures approx . 40 centimeter or 15 . 7 inches in length .

inches ) long including the tail feathers . its average single wing length is about 15–17 . 5 cm ( 6 - 7 inches ) . the tail accounts for a large portion of the length . the indian rose - ringed parakeet , african rose - ringed parakeet , abyssinian rose - ringed parakeet and neumann ' s rose - ringed parakeet measure 42 cm , 40 cm , 40 cm and 43 cm long , respectively .

( abyssinian rose - ringed parakeet ) is distributed in sudan , ethiopia , eritrea and djibouti . the subspecies

( african rose - ringed parakeet ) is distributed in mauritania , senegal , guinea , sudan and uganda .

2 . the life span of the rose ringed parakeets are about 20 years . some of these rose ringed birds have lived up to 40 years and more .

the indian ringneck parakeet has been referred to as the " noble parakeet " ! the species , psittacula krameri , is also called the rose - ringed parakeet and contains four subspecies .

“we’re on the lookout for rose - ringed parakeet , which is about a 15 inch beautiful lime green parakeet , ”says madi elsea with the group .

7 . since , the rose ringed parakeet is one of the famous pet parrot , they are very affectionate in nature .

the rose - ringed parakeet is considered one of the best talking parakeets and can learn a vocabulary of up to 250 words .

abyssinian rose - ringed parakeet ( p . krameri parvirostris ) : northwest somalia , west across northern ethiopia to sennar district , sudan .

this rose ringed parakeets are most commonly found in asia , especially found in the india subcontinent .

species : scientific : psittacula krameri krameri aka palaeornis docilis . . . english : rose - ringed parakeet , african ring - necked parakeet . . . dutch : rose halsbandparkiet , afrikaanse halsbandparkiet . . . german : afrikanischer halsbandsittich . . . french : perruche à bande rose

originally from india , the rose - ringed parakeet has been in britain for decades , although it is unclear how it was first introduced .

the rose - ringed parakeet has exquisite plumage with a graceful long tail that serves as an elegant balancing aid in trees and among crops .

kirwan gm , 2000 . rose - ringed parakeet ( psittacula krameri ) recored in the west indies . el pitirre , 13 : 42 .

the nature of this rose ringed bird is monogamous . the flight taken by this rose ringed parakeet is direct and strong in nature . they spend their time for climbing the tree canopies . they use their bills for climbing and other supports .

the neumann ' s rose - ringed parakee t measures approx . 43 centimeter or 16 . 9 inches

description : rose - ringed parakeet has yellow - green plumage , long , graduated tail and broad , rounded and hooked pinkish - red bill .

flight : rose - ringed parakeet performs fast and direct flight , with rapid wing beats . in flight , the dark flight feathers are conspicuous .

in the closed areas , the breeding season for these rose ringed parrots begins in december and in the outer areas , the breeding season for these rose ringed parrots begins in february . the female rose ringed parakeets lay 3 to 5 eggs at a time . the eggs of the parrots are white in colour .

) . the coefficient of variation histograms indicated that for the echo parakeet isolates there is not sufficient evidence to reject the strict clock , but there is for the rose - ringed parakeet isolates .

( boreal rose - ringed parakeet ) is distributed in afghanistan , pakistan , north india , nepal , bangladesh , myanmar and south china . the subspecies

. isolates from rose - ringed parakeets are indicated by the suffix “ ( r ) ” . as in

the african rose - ringed parakeet measures about 40 centimeter or 15 . 7 inches in length . the tail accounts for a large portion of the length .

protection / threats / status : rose - ringed parakeet is relatively common , and now , it may be found in the large urban parks in the world .

the rose - ringed parakeet is bold and adaptable enough to profit from human activities . it flourishes in cities and has escaped from captivity to colonize new areas .

butler cj , 2003 . population biology of the introduced rose - ringed parakeet psittacula krameri in the uk . oxford , uk : university of oxford , unpaginated .

since , the rose ringed parakeet is famous as a pet , these species are commonly seen in the human dominated areas . these rose ringed parakeets are found in most of the zoos . in those zoos , they are trained to do some tricksas well to entertain the public .

as we talked , small squadrons of rose - ringed parakeets began swooping and alighting in the treetops above our head .

neumann ' s rose - ringed parakeet ( p . krameri borealis ) : east pakistan , northern india and nepal to central burma ; introduced populations worldwide in localities .

introduced and established populations are found worldwide . in some regions they are considered as pests or invasive species . there are four recognized subspecies of rose - ringed parakeet .

the iucn ( international union for conservation of nature ) has categorized and evaluated these rose - ringed parakeet species and has listed them as of " least concern " .

in the wild , rose - ringed parakeets usually feed on buds , fruits , vegetables , nuts , berries and seeds .

sorry about late reply . they are rose - ringed parakeets . escaped from aviaries initially but now breeding in the wild .

those noisy green dandies are psittacula krameri manillensis , a parakeet that is native to southern india and sri lanka . its common name in english is the rose - ringed parakeet ; in japanese , it’s called wakake honsei inko .

aviculturists the popularity of the breed began to increase greatly . now widely available in the pet trade , rose - ringed parakeets continue to gain popularity . hand - fed rose - ringed parakeets are regarded as excellent pets if provided with daily attention , though even parent - raised rose - ringed parakeets make good pets when provided with regular handling and attention . they are generally family birds and are less likely to bond to only one person . with adequate attention , handling , and love , a rose - ringed parakeet can quickly become a beloved companion .

hand - fed , well socialized rose - ringed parakeets make excellent pets , provided they are given daily attention and good care .

the cages should be in a place out of direct sunlight and free of drafts . a pet or captive rose - ringed parakeet should be kept in a bird - safe environment .

the rose - ringed parakeet prefers lightly wooded country in the lowland plains of tropical asia and africa , but it occurs up to 6 , 600′ in the himalayas and the ethiopian highlands . in rural india , the parakeet lives in areas of lush vegetation , breeding in deciduous forests . in much of its african range , however , the species is found in savannah woodland and arid , thorny scrub . the rose - ringed parakeet lives near human habitation , since farmland , parks and gardens provide it with easy pickings . a huge parakeet population lives in the cities of northern india and pakistan . a plains living typical parakeet habitat is open woodland in ethiopia . the rose - ringed parakeet is sometimes called the ring - necked parakeet . the naturalized rose - ringed parakeet in miami , florida , is one of only a few birds that nest in winter . the male and female pair up in late december . the rose - ringed parakeet is not a popular cagebird due to its raucous calls and tendency to bite , but captive birds have been bred with striking yellow , blue , white , gray and even black - and - white plumages .

nebot jc , 1999 . first report of the rose - ringed parakeet ( psittacula krameri ) in venezuela and preliminary observations on its behavior . ornitologia neotropical , 10 : 115 - 117 .

lever c , 2005 . rose - ringed parakeet ( ring - necked parakeet ) psittacula krameri . in : naturalized birds of the world [ ed . by lever c ] . london , uk : t and ad poyser , 124 - 130 .

the rose - ringed parakeet ( psittacula krameri ) belongs to the family of parakeets , psittaculidae . these parakeet species are naturally distributed in india , sri lanka , pakistan , nepal , bangladesh , myanmar , south china , northcentral africa and afghanistan .

( echo parakeet or mauritius parakeet ) . the term ' krameri ' commemorates the austrian naturalist wilhelm heinrich kramer .

the rose ringed parakeet is commonly found in the cultivated areas , parks and gardens , trees in the countryside , dry and open forests as well as evergreen forests . we may find this species in semi desert areas and open jungles and low lands . this rose ringed parakeet is commonly seen in large urban parks . they used to travel in flocks . they communicate by twittering , squawking or shrieking .

in north - west india , indian rose - ringed parakeets form pairs during september to december . during this cold season , they select and defend

hi maggie , sorry about the late reply . yes – green long tailed birds can only be ther rose ringed parakeets . thanks for feedback .

lamba bs , 1996 . nidification of some common indian birds : 10 . the rose - ringed parakeet , psittacula krameri scopoli . proceedings of the zoological society of london , 19 : 77 - 85 .

the rose - ringed parakeet , also called the ringnecked parakeet , is a tropical bird that is also a popular pet . these birds are permanent residents , and have adapted to surviving in disturbed habitats that have succumbed to deforestation and urban growth . the rose - ringed parakeet’s diet consists largely of buds , fruits , vegetables , nuts , berries and seeds . food is found by foraging , and wild populations will find this food in farmlands and orchards , causing a wide variety of damage to the agriculture crops . this bird , unlike most southern asia birds , will also breed during the winter . the conservation rating for the rose - ringed parakeet is least concern .

gene that we observed to be particularly polymorphic in the echo parakeet isolates ( codons 88 , 148 , 167 , 176 , and 234 ) appeared to be much less variable in the rose - ringed parakeet isolates . only codons 148 and 167 showed nonsynonymous polymorphism .

however , in some parts of south asia - from where the rose - ringed parakeets originated , populations of these birds are decreasing due to trapping for the pet trade . despite some people ' s attempts to revive their population by freeing these birds from local markets , the rose - ringed parakeet ' s population has dropped drastically in many areas of the indian subcontinent .

numerous striking color mutations of rose - ringed parakeets have occurred in captivity , including white ( albinos ) , blue , grey and lutino ( yellow ) .

phylogenetic relationships between bfdv isolates from the echo parakeet and rose - ringed parakeet inferred from bayesian analysis using beast ( the tree was automatically rooted using a relaxed clock model ) . nodes with a posterior probability of ≥0 . 9 are indicated with an asterisk and with a double dagger for

khan ha ; beg ma ; khan aa , 2004 . breeding habits of the rose - ringed parakeet psittacula krameri in the cultivations of central punjab . pakistan journal of zoology , 36 ( 2 ) : 133 - 138 .

sheehey a ; mansfield b , 2009 . wild rose - ringed parakeets psittacula krameri . nature alley . weldon , california , usa : nature alley , unpaginated . urltoken

correction : this story has been updated to reflect the fact that rose - ringed parakeets are native to the entire region from the himalayan foothills to sub - saharan africa .

mabb kt , 1997 . nesting behavior of amazona parrots and rose - ringed parakeets in the san gabriel valley , california . western birds , 28 : 209 - 217 .

“there were a lot of other birds that escaped , but it seemed like the rose - ringed parakeets were the only ones that successfully started breeding , ” sheehey says .

these gregarious tropical parakeets are popular in the pet industry , and their numbers are decreasing in some areas due to trapping for the pet trade . the rose - ringed parakeet ' s population has dropped dramatically in many areas of the indian subcontinent .

brooks je ; hussain i ; ahmad e , 1988 . a partial research bibliography of the rose - ringed parakeet ( psittacula krameri ) . islamabad , pakistan : national agricultural research centre , 16 pp . [ technical report no . 15 . ]

this rose ringed parakeet is one of the non migrating species among the parrot . they are successfully adapted to live in the disturbed habitats and human habitats . this species is one of the noisy species and it often makes an unmistakable squawking call .

these birds where first bred by the people of india at least 3 , 000 years ago , and colour mutations of rose - ringed parakeets were also bred . the royals prized them as pets and for their ability to speak . it was a popular status symbol in indian culture to have a rose - ringed parakeet . they were the first parrots brought to europe and the greeks were the first europeans to breed them .

. . . on the basis of sequence homology of cytb gene , the pakistani wild rose - ringed parakeet can be classified as sub - species of p . k . manillensis but the deviation in cytb gene sequence of pakistani wild rose - ringed parakeets is pointing towards independent evolution of this species as an ecocline in pakistan . the geographical heterogeneity exerts evolutionary pressure to a specie to adopt the status of an ecocline to that extent which evolves it into sub - species ( groombridge et al . , 2004 ) . for example mandible size in the african rose - ringed parakeets ( p . . . .

behaviour : rose - ringed parakeet is a foolhardy and opportunistic bird . it has been introduced as cage - bird , but this species is able to adapt very well . it lives in more or less large groups in most of the big cities .

the rose - ringed parakeet is considered one of the best talking parakeets and can learn a vocabulary of up to 250 words . now these birds come in many mutations , including the common green , blue , grey and lutino among many other colors .

range : rose - ringed parakeet ranges from central africa to uganda , southern asia , india and sri lanka . it has been introduced in middle and far east , north america , england , the netherlands , belgium and germany . it is very cosmopolitan .

to not correspond to the pbfd outbreak . this group includes rose - ringed parakeets sampled at the same time as the pbfd outbreak in the echo parakeet population . the second group ( highlighted by the gray box ) , comprising just three isolates , have the 14h34l

) . in contrast , there is little difference between the estimated evolutionary rates from the rose - ringed parakeet isolates and their randomized results , suggesting that there is no temporal structure . taken together , these results suggest that the high evolutionary rate estimated from the bfdv

there are about 30 , 000 of the bright green rose - ringed parakeets in london , with more in surrey and kent , and their numbers could reach 50 , 000 by 2010 .

many rose ringed parakeets are in decline and several birds have become extinct . the major reason for the threats is habitat loss , hunting , degradation , wild bird trading and so on .

editor ' s note : thanks to our eagle - eyed readers for spotting that in the above photo , the bird fourth from the left on the top wire is not a rose - ringed parakeet . a consultation with bird expert kenn kaufman confirms the suspicion that it is either a red - breasted parakeet or a hybrid involving that species .

the rose - ringed parakeet has established feral populations in india and a number of european cities . there are stable populations in florida and california , united states . small populations are also found in tehran , iran ( mostly concentrated in the northern parts of city ) .

rose - ringed parakeets are generally hardy and require less interaction than most other parakeets of their size . however , they require at least half an hour of interaction a day to remain friendly .

none are listed as threatened . among the endangered psittacines are several species of interest to aviculturists : the paradise parakeet ( psephotus pulcherri mus ) , scarlet - chested parakeet ( neophema splendida ) , and turquoise parakeet ( n pulchella ) .

native to the indian subcontinent and sub - saharan africa , the rose - ringed parakeet is enjoying a population explosion in many london suburbs , turning a once - exotic bird into a notorious pest that awakens children , monopolizes garden bird feeders and might even threaten british crops .

they require a relatively tall cage because of their long tails . a rose - ringed parakeet who will be spending most of his / her day inside the cage needs a larger cage that can also accommodate lots of toys and perches . an appropriate cage would have . . .

cage because of their long tails . a rose - ringed parakeet who will be spending most of his / her day inside the cage should be kept in a cage about 60 cm ( 24 " ) wide x 45 cm ( 18 " ) deep x 90 cm ( 36 " ) high , though the larger the better , and the bar spacing should be between 1 . 25 cm ( 1 / 2 inch ) and 1 . 875 cm ( 3 / 4 inch ) . rose - ringed parakeets are avid chewers and climbers and should therefore be provided with chewing toys in their cages . the cages should be in a place out of direct sunlight and free of drafts . a pet or captive rose - ringed parakeet should be kept in a

if your parakeet has become too noisy or disobedient or aggressive , our parakeet training course will teach you how to train it and stop it from screaming and biting .

reproduction : the rose - ringed parakeet’s nest is a hole in tree . but when they live in towns , they can nest in any available high cavity , such as a crevice in a wall , under a roof , an old magpie nest… the nest is lined with rotten wood .

shows the rate estimated from the strict clock for the echo parakeet isolates and the relaxed clock ( uncorrelated lognormal ) for the rose - ringed isolates . the inferred rates do not differ substantially between the two genes or between the two host populations , although the 95 % hpd intervals for the

the rose - ringed parakeet lives in places where there’s an abundance of nuts , seeds and fruity supplemented by other crops , such as wheat , maize , coffee , dates , figs and guavas . these foods ripen at different times , sustaining the parakeet throughout the year if food is scarce due to a failed crop , for example , the parakeet leaves its home range to eat whatever plant matter it finds . large flocks of the rose - ringed parakeet gather to feast on heavily laden fruit trees or spilled grain . the birds themselves have learned how to tear open sacks of grain or rice in farmyards and railway depots . get stuck in the hooked bill can rip tough - skinned fruit ( far right ) and open hard - shelled nuts .

considering the proximity of the two parrot populations in mauritius and the recent common ancestry of the host species ( 22 ) , we expected to find good evidence for viral transmission . indeed , the phylogenetic analyses indicated the presence of bfdv allele sharing between the two populations . although the literature ( 28 ) and field reports indicate behavioral and ecological separation between the parrot populations in mauritius , the environmental stability of bfdv ( 62 ) means that the virus still can be indirectly transmitted . the most recent common ancestor for all echo parakeet isolates dates to around 1959 ( or 1949 when the rose - ringed isolates are included in the analysis ) , which approximately coincides with a period when the rose - ringed parakeet started expanding into native forest , coming into direct competition with the echo parakeet for nest sites ( 6 ) . interestingly , the oldest rose - ringed parakeet isolate was taken from a bird housed in aviaries that were central to the initial recovery of the echo parakeets . thus , the apparent transmission of bfdv actually may in some cases be attributable to human intervention . although the evidence for viral transmission between the two parrot populations appears to be clear , the evidence for the rose - ringed parakeets being the source of the pbfd outbreak is more equivocal . we only identified three rose - ringed parakeet isolates that possessed the 14h34l rep allele , and all of them were collected at least one season after the outbreak . one possibility is that the mutations responsible for the outbreak originated in the echo parakeet population with subsequent transmission to the rose - ringed population . indeed , one of the three rose - ringed isolates was collected from an individual that most likely became infected after indirect contact with the endemic population ( it was found in an echo parakeet nest in the 2006 / 07 season ) . nevertheless , given the considerable size and distribution of the invasive population , it undoubtedly remains the likeliest source of the pbfd outbreak in the echo parakeets . it may be that our sampling of this population prior to 2005 / 06 was not sufficient to identify the 14h34l mutations .

alleles were present in the majority of echo parakeet isolates . from early 2005 a new

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perez - riviera r , 2001 . comments on kirwan ' s first record of the rose - ringed parakeets ( psittacula krameri ) in the west - indies . el pitirre , 14 ( 1 ) : 9 .

hi helen , it is almost certainly a lovebird . they were originally aviary escapees like the rose - ringed parakeet and are breeding in the wild . i went for a bird walk in delta park with geoff lockwood a couple of years ago and we saw a love - bird and a parakeet that had teamed up as a pair . geoff said that some species are even interbreeding . liz

4 . parrots are usually bright colored birds . these rose ringed parakeets are yellow , blue , olive , cinnamon , lutino , white , blue - white , yellow - green , and white - yellow in colour .

parau , l . , strubbe , d . , mori , e . , menchetti , m . , ancillotto , l . , van kleunen , a . et al . ( 2016 ) rose - ringed parakeet populations and numbers in europe : a complete overview . open journal of ornithology , 9 , 1–13

the rose - ringed parakeet , which includes the indian ringneck and the african ringneck subspecies , is the most widely scattered member of the race of parrots and is spread throughout asia and parts of africa . they are found in india , china , ceylon , africa , tibet , nepal and many adjacent islands .

rose - ringed parakeet : most widespread parrot in the old world , found across africa , india , and southern asia . populations of escaped birds are established in florida , southern california , and parts of the caribbean . found in nearly all types of lowland habitat from forests to farms , marshes and grasslands .

indian ring - necked parakeet personality , food & care | pet birds by lafeber co .

the echo parakeet is a conservation success story and has been upgraded to the endangered classification .

1 . indian - ring necked ( aka irn ) parakeet with the scientific name p .

• true parakeets are split into 4 genera . psittacula includes the rose - ringed parakeet and 1 other species ; bolborhynchus and brotogeris have 5 and 7 species , respectively ; the monk parakeet is sole member of myiopsitta . parakeets belong to the family psittacidae , with about 350 species , includ - | ing parrots , lovebirds and macaws . almost a third of | the species in psittacidae are currently endangered .

alien species are one of the major causes contributing to biodiversity loss . in europe , over 340 alien bird species have been recorded in the wild , of which 74 are established . among 12 established alien parrot species in europe , the rose - ringed parakeet ( rrp ) psittacula krameri is the most abundant and widespread .

the rose - ringed parakeet or indian ringneck is classified as a smaller parrot known as the parakeet . they are green with undertones of blue , the male has a black ring around his neck . they grow to 40 cm ( 16 inches ) . its average single wing length is about 15–17 . 5 cm ( 6 - 7 inches ) . rose - ringed parakeet is sexually dimorphic which means differences in the physiology of the male and female of the species . both the male and female can mimicry , the abilility to mimic human speech . they are part of the true parrots family of which about 330 species of birds belonging to the psittacidae family . they originate from the southern indian subcontinent . but have spread far and wide .

captive rose - ringed parakeets should be fed a nutritionally balanced diet of pellets and seeds , and the appreciated fruit , vegetable or nut treat should also be offered often . they should always have access to fresh water in their cages .

shwartz a ; strubbe d ; butler cj ; matthysen e ; kark s , 2009 . the effect of enemy - release and climate conditions on invasive birds : a regional test using the rose - ringed parakeet ( psittacula krameri ) as a case study . diversity and distributions , 15 ( 2 ) : 310 - 318 . urltoken

new records of invasive parakeet hybrids in spain . a great opportunity to apply the rapid response mechanism

i want ringneck parakeet ( blue ) . where will i get & what is its cost ?

the main food for the wild rose ringed parrot is seeds , fruits , nectar , pollen , vegetables , buds , arthropods and other animal prey . most of the parrots are seed predators and they are not seed dispersers . this rose ringed parakeet is one of the famous pet parrots in the world . so , the main food for the pet parrots is fruits and vegetables . variety of nutritious grains such as quinoa , oats , wheat , barley , pasta , cooked brown rice , cooked beans , lentils and peas are one of the excellent diets for this pet parrot .

there are four subspecies in rose ringed parrot . these four species are very similar in their size and not having much difference . among this four , two species are found in africa and two species are found in asia . that is ,

diet : the rose - ringed parakeet feeds on seeds , berries , flowers and nectar . after the breeding season , in some places , they arrive in groups and feed on grain , rice and maize in cultivated areas , but they also devastate orchards and coffee plantations . in california , they consume pecan nuts , buds and varied fruits .

hardy jw , 1964 . ringed parakeets nesting in los angeles , california . the condor , 66 : 445 - 447 .

captive rose - ringed parakeets should be fed a nutritionally balanced diet of pellets * and unfortified / organic seeds , and fresh fruits , vegetables and greenfood should be made available . they love nuts - but those should only be given as treats .

i live in paulshof in the north of johannesburg . yesterday i spotted a green bird that looked like a parrot flying around my complex . i live close by to the rietfontein nature reserve but i doubt that it came from there . it did not have a long tail like the above rose - ringed parakeet . what else could it be ?

the rapid growth of the parakeet population may pose a threat to other birds , authorities have said .

gene from echo parakeet isolates is well supported . there is marginal support for the rate estimated from the

far from being threatened , as is the case with many parrot species , the rose - ringed parakeet is itself a major pest for farmers as well as other wildlife in india , pakistan and elsewhere . the parakeet has a habit of taking just a few bites from each fruit before discarding it and plucking another one , so the species can seriously damage fruit crops . in europe , it often out - competes native birds for both food and nest sites . |

the department for environment food and rural affairs ( defra ) has commissioned a study into the parakeet threat .

“this type of parakeet roosts together , presumably because there is safety in numbers , ” ikeda told me .

kirkpatrick w ; marting g , 2005 . indian ringneck parakeet . pestnote , 3 : 1 - 2 .

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the indian ringneck parakeet is a sub - species of the rose - ringed parakeet ( psittacula krameri ) and the many sub - species are scattered throughout africa and asia . the indian ringneck is an asiatic parrot and originally from ceylon though it ' s now found in many parts of asia , notably india and pakistan . they can also be found in western and southern areas of sudan and are quite popular in the middle east where they are bred and found in the wild .

the three members of this family found in the united states occur as small populations that escaped from captivity , and rely on non - native fruiting trees for survival . the rose - ringed parakeet has become established in hawaii and cities in california , the rosy - faced lovebird occurs in some towns and cities in arizona , and the budgerigar has nearly disappeared from southern florida .

bedecked with emerald green feathers and a rose - red beak , the ring - neck parakeet brings a touch of tropical glamour to suburban gardens in london and the south east . there have also been sightings in the north west and in scotland .

species is one of few parrot species that have successfully adapted to living in ' disturbed habitats ' , and in that way withstood the onslaught of urbanisation and deforestation . in the wild , this is a noisy species with an unmistakable squawking call . rose - ringed parakeets are

spotted a parakeet in denton , a suburb of manchester . later someone spotted one in a garden in derbyshire .

hi i have plum - headed parakeet for sale please contact me at sumeet _ kpoor8 @ yahoo . com .

voice : sounds by xeno - canto the rose - ringed parakeet’s typical call is a loud shrill , “kii - a” or “kii - ak” while flying , or when perched on a tree . other loud calls may be heard , such as “kyik - kyik - kyik” . in captivity , it is a very good imitator for home noises , and it is able to produce some words .

it’s unusual to see the rose - ringed parakeet alone or in a pair , except in the breeding season . for most of the year , the bird lives in flocks , which may be thousands - strong in parts of india . the parakeet squabbles frequently with its companions , but fights are rare , as they reserve their aggression for driving away predators , such as hawks . the parakeets all join in to mob their enemy , flapping their wings , pecking and screaming until it retreats . the agile parakeet uses its bill like a third foot when climbing . it stretches its neck out and takes a hold on a suitable branch with its bill , before following with its feet . the parakeet uses a similar method when walking on a narrow perch . a sitting pretty a long tail and opposing toes help the parakeet perch on thin branches .

looking like a giant rose - ringed parakeet , the alexandrine i parakeet ( psittacula eupatria ) is the largest member of its genus . both parakeets have the streamlined body shape shared by all parakeets , but the larger species is 23″ long , weighs up to ii oz . and is equipped with a truly massive bill . it differs from its smaller relative in having a purple - red patch on the shoulders and a thicker , almost moustachelike collar it’s possible to see the two species side by side in sri lanka and parts of southern india , but the alexandrine parakeet is relatively uncommon and less tolerant of human activities .

the parrots have very strong bills . so , they use this bill to climb trees . on an average , they live up to 25 to 30 years . parrots come under the category of zygodactylous . the zygodactylous bird has four toes . the first and fourth toes are directed towards back ward and the second and third toes are pointed towards forward . we may differentiate male and female parakeets by using sexual dimorphism . the male rose ringed parakeets have black ring neck and pink band in the nape . this unique ring is absent in the female rose ringed parakeets .

the rose - ringed parakeets ( psittacula krameri ) - also known as ring - necked parakeets - are endemic to northern and west africa in guinea , senegal and southern mauretania east to western uganda and southern sudan ; as well as southern asia ( depending on the sub - species ) .

it is also one of the popular pet parrots . the quick classification of the ring necked parakeet is as below ,

by the 1980s , there were feral parakeet populations established in tokyo , osaka and nagoya , as well as in niigata and kyushu . there are also feral rose - ringed parakeets in london , amsterdam and a number of other cities where the birds where introduced as pets . cold doesn’t seem to be a problem ; their wild counterparts are found at elevations of up to 2 , 000 meters in the himalayas .

new records of invasive parakeet hybrids in spain . a great opportunity to apply the rapid response mechanism : european journal of ecology

during the breeding season , the groups disperse . some courtship displays show the female rolling the eyes while twittering , and drawing semi - circles with the head while she moves the wings . at the same time , the male struts . they touch their beaks , and the male performs courtship feeding to the female while it raises one leg . at this moment , both birds utter soft sounds . the rose - ringed parakeet is monogamous .

gene analyses from rose - ringed isolates are very wide , suggesting that there may not be very much temporal structure . given the phylogenetic evidence for allele - sharing between the two host populations , we also estimated the rate based on the combined data where there was sufficient evidence to reject the strict molecular clock for the

habitat : rose - ringed parakeet is common in cultivated areas , urban parks and gardens , open countryside with trees , palm - trees thickets , dry and open forest . it also may be found in semi - desert areas and second grow open jungles , mainly in lowlands . it frequents semi - desert savannahs with short grass , open bushy areas , wooded valleys and evergreen forests . this species is now common in the large urban parks .

the rose - ringed parakeet is another of these new inhabitants . these beautiful green birds , with fabulous turquoise tail feathers get their names from the red neck - ring which the male has ( seen on the top bird on the above ) . they are noisy gregarious birds who announce their presence with loud squawks . we have heard them often here at liz at lancaster both flying over and sitting on the bare branches of the neighbour’s tree .

embed this arkive thumbnail link ( " portlet " ) by copying and pasting the code below . < a href = " urltoken " title = " arkive video - alexandrine parakeet feeding " > < img src = " urltoken " alt = " arkive video - alexandrine parakeet feeding " title = " arkive video - alexandrine parakeet feeding " border = " 0 " / > < / a >

reunion ring - necked parakeet psittacula eques extinct c . 1800 lived on the reunion island of the mascarene islands in the western indian ocean

the rose - ringed parakeet is a small bird , measuring 35 to 45 cm in length and weighing 100 to 150 grams . the overall plumage is yellowish green . these birds are sexually dimorphic . the adult male has a rose and black neck ring and the female has a very pale gray ring . the upper mandible is curved , strong , red in color with black or pale yellow tip . the lower mandible is grayish . there is a black patch on the chin . the irises are yellowish - white . the feet are gray . numerous color mutations have occurred while breeding in captivity . their call is a squawking sound .

collar , n . , kirwan , g . m . & boesman , p . ( 2018 ) . rose - ringed parakeet ( psittacula krameri ) . in : del hoyo , j . , elliott , a . , sargatal , j . , christie , d . a . & de juana , e . ( eds . ) . handbook of the birds of the world alive . lynx edicions , barcelona . ( retrieved from urltoken on 9 july 2018 ) .

evolutionary rate of the capsid and rep bfdv genes ( mean and 95 % hpd ) estimated from the true dates of sample isolation ( labeled as the “t” data point ) and from the shuffled dates of isolation . analyses using the shuffled dates were performed using a gtr + γ + i model of evolution and a relaxed ( uncorrelated lognormal ) molecular clock . ( a ) results from the echo parakeet data set indicate no overlap between the estimates from the true dates and from the shuffled dates , indicating good temporal signal . ( b ) results from the rose - ringed parakeet isolates indicate no clear temporal signal .

so far british scientists have not documented either problem , said hannah peck , a graduate student with project parakeet , but they remain watchful .

on average , this parakeet can live between 25 and 30 years . instances of ringnecks living past the age of fifty have been authenticated .

british officials are watching trends closely since the parakeets have proved major agricultural pests elsewhere , ravaging crops in places like india . so far , they have shown little predilection for leaving europe ’s cities and suburbs for agricultural areas . ( far smaller flocks of rose - ringed parakeets have also arrived in other european cities like brussels and amsterdam . )

the indian ring - necked parakeet , also called the rose - winged parakeet , has been kept as a pet for centuries and remains a favorite companion bird today . a devoted owner will do best with this temperamental bird that requires a great deal of attention to remain tame . however , the indian ring - necked will charm and delight the person who takes the time to appreciate its other qualities — a playful exuberance and a remarkable talking ability .

parakeets of their size . this makes them ideal for a bird owner who cannot spend as much time with his / her bird as other species need . rose - ringed parakeets can cope with as little as half an hour of interaction a day . however , they can become untame if not provided with daily interaction , especially during their early months .

just for interest sake , i spotted a pair of stunning light green long tailed birds ( probably the rose - ringed parakeets ) at willson / kings park in berario , northcliff last weekend . they were a very light green ? they flew about in the area where the fairlands spruit runs through berario – fairlands . beautiful sighting – made my day !

prevention , early warning and rapid response are the most effective measures in preventing the impacts of invasive species . the rose - ringed parakeet psittacula krameri , is an invasive species widely spread across europe , including spain . the alexandrine parakeet psittacula eupatria is also an invasive species established in europe , but not in spain , although a species distribution model classified parts of spain as ‘highly suitable’ and an invasion risk assessment predicted a ‘high risk of invasion’ in europe . the first hybrids from these two species were recently detected in spain . based on these data , we suggest to capture the hybrids to prevent further invasion and possible interaction with other invasive parakeets in spain .

there is also concern that the wily parakeet will outcompete more restrained british birds like the nuthatch , since both species nest in holes in old trees .

is also known as the ring necked parakeet and is one of the gregarious tropical asian parrot species which has been seen in an extremely large range .

plum - headed parakeets are closely related to blossom - headed parakeets and slaty - headed parakeets and are capable of breeding . to avoid producing hybrid birds that damage the limited captive gene pool of each distinct species , these birds should not be housed together . hybrids between male rose - ringed parakeets ( indian ringneck ) and female plum - headed parakeets have also been reported .

parrots and parakeets have long been favorites with exotic - bird fanciers . there are probably a few escapees somewhere of every species of parrot imported into the united states . rose - ringed , canary - winged , and monk parakeets , budgerigars , and several of the large amazona parrots ( especially the yellow - headed parrot ) each now exist in small , stable , feral populations .

pithon j , 1998 . the status and ecology of the ring - necked parakeet psittacula krameri in great britain . york , uk : university of york .

a ( data not shown ) . the estimated nucleotide diversity ( π ) of bfdv in each echo parakeet breeding season from 2004 / 05 is shown in

as its name suggests , the indian ring - necked parakeet originates from india , where it is still found wild in great quantities , even in urban areas .

( in italics ) genes are indicated . to ease visualization , we include only 15 isolates from the echo parakeet population representing all of the major genotypes identified in

a greenhouse young birds lack collars , so they look more like the female than the male ( above ) . pairs of rose - ringed parakeets stay together for life , but the male and female renew their pair bond every year during the courtship display , the male approaches his mate while fanning his tail and repeatedly dilating , then contracting the pupils of his eyes . the male feeds the female beak to beak ; she rolls her eyes and rubs bills with her partner : the rose - ringed parakeet usually nests in an unlined tree hole about 10 - 33′ above the ground . it often makes use of an old woodpecker hole , which the parakeet may first enlarge with its bill . in urban areas , breeding pairs sometimes nest in holes in walls and buildings , even in noisy areas , such as near a busy street market . the female incubates the eggs for more than three weeks , while she is fed and guarded by her mate . the naked chicks hatch and their eyes open ten days later : both parents feed the young for 7 - 8 weeks , regurgitating partly digested food into their bills .

individually , any of the rose - ringed parakeets could be the star of a dreamworks film , electric green with bright pink beaks and the voluble personalities that have long made the tropical species a popular household pet . but for people who frequent the park or live nearby , the visceral experience is more like “ the birds ” — albeit with more color and a much noisier soundtrack than the hitchcock film .

a estimates obtained by combining the data from the two host populations are also shown . for each data set , we only included results from the significant clock model , i . e . , the strict clock was rejected for the rose - ringed and combined datasets ( in favor of the relaxed uncorrelated lognormal clock [ uln ] , which had a higher marginal likelihood than the relaxed uncorrelated exponential clock ) .

we screened for bfdv using a pcr assay targeting a 717 - bp region of orf1 ( rep gene ) ( 65 ) . the reaction volume comprised 1 μl of dna extracted from parrot blood , 2 . 5 μl of nh 4 buffer ( 10× ) , 0 . 75 μl of mgcl 2 ( 50 mm ) , 0 . 5 μl of each primer at 25 pmol / μl ( primers 2 and 4 [ 65 ] ) , and 0 . 2 μl of taq polymerase ( 5 u / μl ) made up to 25 μl with dna - grade water . reactions were run as follows : 92°c for 3 min , followed by 30 cycles of 92°c for 30 s , 57°c for 30 s and 72°c for 45 s , with a final 10 min at 72°c . we included the extraction blank and a negative control in all of the pcrs to check for contamination . of the 163 echo parakeet samples that tested positive , 74 were sequenced at orf1 by macrogen ( korea ) using bigdye terminator reactions . of the 46 rose - ringed parakeet samples that tested positive , 31 were sequenced at orf1 . we targeted a 765 - bp region comprising most of orf2 ( capsid gene ) ( 23 ) in samples that tested positive for the presence of bfdv . the reaction volumes and cycling conditions were identical to the orf1 pcr except for the annealing temperature , which was reduced to 54°c . we sequenced 47 echo parakeet and 31 rose - ringed parakeet bfdv isolates at orf2 .

â â the indian ringneck parakeets have been held in admiration and esteem since ancient times . they are a large parakeet , sought after for the superiority in their form and beauty , their ability to speak , their intelligence and trainability , and because they are easy to breed . this parakeet , the indian ringneck parakeet , has been a long time favorite for bird lovers ! there are many color combinations that can be produced , which is a fun challenge and fascination for many breeders ! check out the

the indian ringneck parakeets have been held in admiration and esteem since ancient times . they are a large parakeet , sought after for the superiority in their form and beauty , their ability to speak , their intelligence and trainability , and because they are easy to breed . the indian ringneck parakeet has been a long time favorite for bird lovers !

slaty - headed parakeet psittacula himalayana length 16 " - tail is half the length weight 100 grams range : afghanistan , northern india , nepal and assam exhibits altitudinal migration .

hi is there no ringneck parakeet bird park where they can get their fruit and veggies and seeds free ? ? where they have freedom to fly away from human abuse…… .

blood samples were taken during each breeding season ( september to may ) from echo parakeets and feral rose - ringed parakeets between 1993 and 1998 and between 2003 and 2009 ( there was no sampling between 1999 and 2002 due to no obvious presence of disease ) . the field teams involved in sampling the birds followed strict anticontamination protocols , including soaking all field equipment in virkon for 48 h between visits to different host nest sites . since 2004 this sampling was carried out regardless of apparent disease status and represented between 22 and 41 % of the known population of echo parakeets each season . in total , 592 echo parakeets and 125 feral rose - ringed parakeets were sampled . dna was extracted from 50 to 100 μl of whole blood using a standard phenol - chloroform extraction protocol ( 54 ) . an extraction blank was included to check that there was no contamination .

the following habitats are found across the ring - necked parakeet distribution range . find out more about these environments , what it takes to live there and what else inhabits them .

rodriquez ring - necked parakeet psittacula exsul also known as the newton ' s parrot extinct c . 1875 lived on the rodriquez island of the mascarene islands in the western indian ocean


rupela sejuncta is a moth in the crambidae family .

it was described by heinrich in 1937 .

it is found in north america , where it has been recorded from alabama , florida , oklahoma and texas .

the wingspan is 28 – 33 mm for males and 25 – 30 mm for females .

the wings are shining white .

adults have been recorded on wing from march to july and from september to november .

rupela sejuncta

rupela sejuncta <EOT> rupela sejuncta heinrich , 1937 ; proc . u . s . nat . mus . 84 ( 3019 ) : 373 , pl . 26 , f . 14 - 14c , pl . 32 , f . 39 ; tl : harris co . , texas

rupela nivea walker , 1863 ; list spec . lepid . insects colln br . mus . 28 : 524

rupela ( schoenobiinae ) ; heinrich , 1937 , proc . u . s . nat . mus . 84 ( 3019 ) : 356 ; [ nacl ] , 75 ; [ globiz ]

rupela adunca heinrich , 1937 ; proc . u . s . nat . mus . 84 ( 3019 ) : 374 , pl . 27 , f . 16 - 16c ; tl : bolivia

rupela bendis heinrich , 1937 ; proc . u . s . nat . mus . 84 ( 3019 ) : 378 , pl . 29 , f . 21 ; tl : aroa , venezuela

rupela faustina heinrich , 1937 ; proc . u . s . nat . mus . 84 ( 3019 ) : 380 , pl . 29 , f . 22 ; tl : cabima , panama

rupela jana heinrich , 1937 ; proc . u . s . nat . mus . 84 ( 3019 ) : 381 , pl . 31 , f . 38 ; tl : chaco , argentina

rupela lara heinrich , 1937 ; proc . u . s . nat . mus . 84 ( 3019 ) : 382 , pl . 32 , f . 40 ; tl : cabima , panama

rupela herie heinrich , 1937 ; proc . u . s . nat . mus . 84 ( 3019 ) : 381 , pl . 30 , f . 27 ; tl : georgetown , british guiana

rupela orbona heinrich , 1937 ; proc . u . s . nat . mus . 84 ( 3019 ) : 384 , pl . 31 , f . 35 ; tl : mackenzie , british guiana

rupela liberta heinrich , 1937 ; proc . u . s . nat . mus . 84 ( 3019 ) : 364 , pl . 23 , f . 4 - 4c ; tl : durango , mexico

rupela vexativa heinrich , 1937 ; proc . u . s . nat . mus . 84 ( 3019 ) : 371 , pl . 25 , f . 11 - 11c ; tl : quirigua , guatemala

rupela scitula heinrich , 1937 ; proc . u . s . nat . mus . 84 ( 3019 ) : 374 , pl . 26 , f . 15 - 15c ; tl : tucuman , argentina

rupela antonia heinrich , 1937 ; proc . u . s . nat . mus . 84 ( 3019 ) : 378 , pl . 30 , f . 31 ; tl : sixola river , costa rica

rupela drusilla heinrich , 1937 ; proc . u . s . nat . mus . 84 ( 3019 ) : 379 , pl . 29 , f . 24 ; tl : castro , paraná , brazil

rupela edusa heinrich , 1937 ; proc . u . s . nat . mus . 84 ( 3019 ) : 379 , pl . 30 , f . 29 ; tl : castro , paraná , brazil

rupela gaia heinrich , 1937 ; proc . u . s . nat . mus . 84 ( 3019 ) : 380 , pl . 30 , f . 28 ; tl : castro , paraná , brazil

rupela procula heinrich , 1937 ; proc . u . s . nat . mus . 84 ( 3019 ) : 384 , pl . 32 , f . 41 ; tl : sta . catherina , brazil

rupela lumaria heinrich , 1937 ; proc . u . s . nat . mus . 84 ( 3019 ) : 375 , pl . 27 , f . 17 - 17c ; tl : carillo , costa rica

rupela canens heinrich , 1937 ; proc . u . s . nat . mus . 84 ( 3019 ) : 379 , pl . 29 , f . 23 ; tl : sao paulo de olivenca , brazil

rupela labeosa heinrich , 1937 ; proc . u . s . nat . mus . 84 ( 3019 ) : 363 , pl . 22 , f . 3 - 3d ; tl : castro , paraná , brazil

rupela pallidula heinrich , 1937 ; proc . u . s . nat . mus . 84 ( 3019 ) : 365 , pl . 23 , f . 5 - 5d ; tl : castro , paraná , brazil

rupela saetigera heinrich , 1937 ; proc . u . s . nat . mus . 84 ( 3019 ) : 367 , pl . 24 , f . 8 - 8c ; tl : castro , paraná , brazil

rupela cornigera heinrich , 1937 ; proc . u . s . nat . mus . 84 ( 3019 ) : 371 , pl . 25 , f . 12 - 12b ; tl : castro , paraná , brazil

rupela imitativa heinrich , 1937 ; proc . u . s . nat . mus . 84 ( 3019 ) : 372 , pl . 26 , f . 13 - 13c ; tl : castro , paraná , brazil

rupela spinifera heinrich , 1937 ; proc . u . s . nat . mus . 84 ( 3019 ) : 377 , pl . 28 , f . 19 - 19c ; tl : castro , paraná , brazil

rupela monstrata heinrich , 1937 ; proc . u . s . nat . mus . 84 ( 3019 ) : 377 , pl . 28 , f . 20 - 20c ; tl : castro , paraná , brazil

rupela candace heinrich , 1937 ; proc . u . s . nat . mus . 84 ( 3019 ) : 382 , pl . 29 , f . 25 - 25a ; tl : castro , paraná , brazil

rupela nereis heinrich , 1937 ; proc . u . s . nat . mus . 84 ( 3019 ) : 383 , pl . 31 , f . 33 - 34 ; tl : castro , paraná , brazil

rupela gibbera heinrich , 1937 ; proc . u . s . nat . mus . 84 ( 3019 ) : 367 , pl . 24 , f . 7 - 7d ; tl : moengo , boven , cortica river , surinam

rupela maenas heinrich , 1937 ; proc . u . s . nat . mus . 84 ( 3019 ) : 383 , pl . 31 , f . 36 - 37 ; tl : ponte nova ( rio xingu ) , brazil

rupela segrega heinrich , 1937 ; proc . u . s . nat . mus . 84 ( 3019 ) : 366 , pl . 23 , f . 6 - 6d , pl . 30 , f . 32 ; tl : south bay , lake okeechobee , florida

rupela horridula heinrich , 1937 ; proc . u . s . nat . mus . 84 ( 3019 ) : 376 , pl . 27 , f . 18 - 18f , pl . 33 , f . 47 ; tl : campo bello , rio de janeiro , brazil

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upcoming events 2018 bugguide gathering in virginia july 27 - 29 : registration and discussion photos of insects and people from the 2015 gathering in wisconsin , july 10 - 12 photos of insects and people from the 2014 gathering in virginia , june 4 - 7 . photos of insects and people from the 2013 gathering in arizona , july 25 - 28 photos of insects and people from the 2012 gathering in alabama photos of insects and people from the 2011 gathering in iowa photos from the 2010 workshop in grinnell , iowa photos from the 2009 gathering in washington

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confused by a class within a class or an order within an order ? please see our brief essay .

to cite this page : myers , p . , r . espinosa , c . s . parr , t . jones , g . s . hammond , and t . a . dewey . 2018 . the animal diversity web ( online ) . accessed at https : / / animaldiversity . org .

disclaimer : the animal diversity web is an educational resource written largely by and for college students . adw doesn ' t cover all species in the world , nor does it include all the latest scientific information about organisms we describe . though we edit our accounts for accuracy , we cannot guarantee all information in those accounts . while adw staff and contributors provide references to books and websites that we believe are reputable , we cannot necessarily endorse the contents of references beyond our control .

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a taxon identifier is composed of name , author , year and attribute , all separated by a blank . these are all extracted from the original publication .

the name is reproduced exactly as proposed in the original publication . the name of a genus is made up of one word and species made up of two words ( genus and species ) separated by a blank .

the author ' s name is made up of a string of letters , with no blanks , and multiple authors ' names are separated by a comma . spelling of author ' s name is based on the original publication . if there are more than three authors , only the names of the first two authors are shown , followed by " , + " and the number of omitted authors .

attribute is enclosed in square brackets . this is rarely needed , but to differentiate homo - identifiers , this will contain the page , line or plate number of original publication .

all diacritic marks , hyphens , and apostrophes are eliminated , thus only the following characters are used : a to z , a to z , 0 to 9 , blank , comma , and opening and closing square brackets . although upper and lower cases are used for the convenience of human recognition , it is not case sensitive .

created by dicky sick ki yu 1997 - 2012 please send me information about errors and omissions ( contact information ) with supporting references , possibly with pdf or hard copy .

= scirpophaga ; hampson , 1896 , proc . zool . soc . lond . 1895 : 912

puerto rico , jamaica , cuba , hispaniola , martinique , antiqua , mexico , guatemala , nicaragua , panama , honduras , trinidad , venezuela , guianas , brazil , argentina , paraguay , peru . see [ maps ]

larva on echinochloa polystachya heinrich , 1937 , proc . u . s . nat . mus . 84 ( 3019 ) : 361

mexico , british honduras , guatemala , honduras , costa rica , guianas , brazil , colombia , ecuador , peru . see [ maps ]

albinella ( stoll , [ 1781 ] ) ; in cramer , uitl . kapellen 4 ( 29 - 31 ) : pl . 372 , f . d ; tl : surinam

florida , mexico , cuba , guianas , trinidad , brazil ( paraná ) , paraguay , n . argentina . see [ maps ]

panama , brazil ( paraná , pará ) , argentina ( gran chaco , goya , villa ana ) . see [ maps ]

ruplea nivea ; heinrich , 1937 , proc . u . s . nat . mus . 84 ( 3019 ) : 370 , pl . 25 , f . 10 - 10c

brazil ( rio de janeiro ) , guianas , trinidad . see [ maps ]

panama , guianas , brazil , peru , paraguay , argentina ( chaco , goya , villa ana ) . see [ maps ]

this information is not automatically synchronized with globiz and can sometimes be lagging behind .

[ maps ] warning ! the maps are automatically generated from the textual information , and the process does not always produce acceptable result ; see about maps for more info .

zeller , 1863 chilonidarum et crambidarum genera et species chil . cramb . gen . spec . : 56pp

if you have corrections , comments or information to add into these pages , just send mail to markku savela keep in mind that the taxonomic information is copied from various sources , and may include many inaccuracies . expert help is welcome .