aplysina archeri ( also known as stove-pipe sponge because of its shape ) is a species of tube sponge that has long tube-like structures of cylindrical shape .

although they can grow in a single tube , they often grow in large groups of up to 22 tubes .

a single tube can grow up to 5 feet ( 1.5 m ) high and 3 inches ( 7.6 cm ) thick .

these sponges mostly live in the western atlantic ocean : the caribbean , the bahamas , florida , and bonaire .

like most sponges , they are filter feeders ; they eat food such as plankton or suspended detritus as it passes them .

very little is known about their behavioral patterns except for their feeding ecology and reproductive biology .

tubes occur in varying colors including lavender , gray , and brown .

they reproduce both by asexual and sexual reproduction .

these sponges take hundreds of years to grow and never stop growing until they die .

snails are among their natural predators .

the population density of these sponges is going down because of oil spills and other pollution .

aplysina archeri

aplysina archeri <EOT> yan wong changed the thumbnail image of " file : aplysina archeri ( stove - pipe sponge - pink variation ) . jpg " .

the stovepipe sponge ( aplysina archeri ) is a species of tube sponge found mainly in the atlantic ocean , including the waters around the caribbean , bahamas , florida , and bonaire .

( of verongia archeri ( higgin , 1875 ) ) alcolado , p . m . 1980 . esponjas de cuba . nuevos registros . poeyana 197 : 1 - 10 . page ( s ) : 2 [ details ]

( of luffaria archeri higgin , 1875 ) higgin , t . ( 1875 ) . on a new sponge of the genus luffaria , from yucatan , in the liverpool free museum . annals and magazine of natural history . ( 4 ) 16 : 223 - 227 . page ( s ) : 224 - 227 ; pl vi [ details ]

aplysina archeri ( higgin , 1875 ) : pérez et al . ( 2017 ) : 9 . [ statut pour la martinique ] pérez , t . , diaz , m - c . , ruiz , c . , condor - lujan , b . , klautau , m . , hajdu , e . , lobo - hadju , g . , zea , s . , pomponi , s . a . , thacker , r . w . , carteron , s . , tollu , g . , pouget - cuvelier , a . , thélamon , p . , marechal , j . - p . , thomas , o . p . , ereskovsky , a . v . , vacelet , j . & boury - esnault , n . 2017 . how acollaborative integrated taxonomic effort has trained new spongiologists and improved knowledge of martinique island ( french antilles , eastern caribbean sea ) marine biodiversity . plos one 12 ( 3 ) : e0173859

aplysina archeri this is a type of sea sponge usually called stove pipe sponge . it can get to 5 feet tall and 3 inches thick . - this sponge mates like many other sponge species . - it can either be sexual or asexual . - it asexual , the sponge forms little pods called gammeles that are located on the external part of the sponge . currents in the water detach them and carry these pods to wherever . - where they land , is where they will hatch and start a new sponge . - sexual reproduction between two stove pipe sponges is random . - they are all the same gender , hermaphrodites , and do not have sexual organs . - to sexually reproduce , this sponge sprays sperms out all around it , into the water . - the sperm is carried by the current and if it hits another stove - pipe sponge , it becomes pregnant . - pregnant sponges keep the eggs in them until they are mature , then they let them out and they create new sponges .

( of verongia archeri ( higgin , 1875 ) ) laubenfels , m . w . de . ( 1936 ) . a discussion of the sponge fauna of the dry tortugas in particular and the west indies in general , with material for a revision of the families and orders of the porifera . carnegie institute of washington publication . 467 ( tortugas laboratory paper 30 ) 1 - 225 , pls 1 - 22 . page ( s ) : 24 [ details ] available for editors [ request ]

( of luffaria archeri higgin , 1875 ) van soest , r . w . m . ( 1978 ) . marine sponges from curaçao and other caribbean localities . part i . keratosa . in : hummelinck , p . w . & van der steen , l . j . ( eds ) , uitgaven van de natuurwetenschappelijke studiekring voor suriname en de nederlandse antillen . no . 94 . studies on the fauna of curaçao and other caribbean islands . 56 ( 179 ) : 1–94 . [ details ]

m . de kluijver , g . gijswijt , r . de leon & i . da cunda

) . sometimes they grow single , but more often in large groups of up to 22 tubes , which normally are in contact with each other only at their base . the surface is though and shows much relief (

) and sometimes an obscured pattern of rounded disc - shaped elevations of 3 - 9 mm . the shallow depressions between the elevations contain rows of pores . the surface is generally finely conulose and does not show the deep and meandering grooves of

conspicuous pink or purplish gray . the tubes ' interiors often cream colored , but always lighter than the exterior color .

humann , p . , 1992 . reef creature identification - florida caribbean bahamas , ( ed . n . deloach ) . new world publications , inc . , paramount miller graphics , inc . , jacksonville , florida .

soest , r . w . m . van , 1978 . marine sponges from curaçao and other caribbean islands . part i . keratosa . studies on the fauna of curaçao and other caribbean islands , 179 .

van soest , r . w . m ; boury - esnault , n . ; hooper , j . n . a . ; rützler , k . ; de voogd , n . j . ; alvarez , b . ; hajdu , e . ; pisera , a . b . ; manconi , r . ; schönberg , c . ; klautau , m . ; picton , b . ; kelly , m . ; vacelet , j . ; dohrmann , m . ; díaz , m . - c . ; cárdenas , p . ; carballo , j . l . ; ríos , p . ; downey , r . ( 2018 ) . world porifera database .

van soest , r . w . m . ( 1978 ) . marine sponges from curaçao and other caribbean localities . part i . keratosa . in : hummelinck , p . w . & van der steen , l . j . ( eds ) , uitgaven van de natuurwetenschappelijke studiekring voor suriname en de nederlandse antillen . no . 94 . studies on the fauna of curaçao and other caribbean islands . 56 ( 179 ) : 1–94 . page ( s ) : 58 - 59 ; fig 19 , pl xi 3 - 4 [ details ]

zea , s . ( 1987 ) . esponjas del caribe colombiano . ( catálogo cientifico : bogotá , colombia ) : 1 - 286 . page ( s ) : 55 - 57 [ details ]

rützler , k . ; díaz , m . c . ; van soest , r . w . m . ; zea , s . ; smith , k . p . ; alvarez , b . ; wulff , j . ( 2000 ) . diversity of sponge fauna in mangrove ponds , pelican cays , belize . atoll research bulletin . 476 : 230 - 248 . page ( s ) : 239 [ details ]

van soest , r . w . m . ( 1981 ) . a checklist of the curaçao sponges ( porifera demospongiae ) including a pictorial key to the more common reef - forms . verslagen en technische gegevens instituut voor taxonomische zoölogie ( zoölogisch museum ) universiteit van amsterdam . 31 : 1 - 39 . page ( s ) : 25 [ details ]

rützler , k . ; van soest , r . w . m . ; piantoni , c . ( 2009 ) . sponges ( porifera ) of the gulf of mexico . in : felder , d . l . and d . k . camp ( eds . ) , gulf of mexico–origins , waters , and biota . biodiversity . texas a & m press , college station , texas . 285–313 . [ details ] available for editors [ request ]

alcolado , p . m . ; busutil , l . ( 2012 ) . inventaire des spongiaires néritiques du parc national de la guadeloupe ( inventario de las esponjas neríticas del parque nacional de guadalupe ) . serie oceanológica . 10 , 62 - 76 . page ( s ) : 71 [ details ] available for editors [ request ]

vacelet , j . ( 1990 ) . les spongiaires . in le monde marin . ( ed . claude bouchon ) pp 16 - 33 . la grande encyclopédie de la caraïbe . editions caraïbes , pointe à pitre . page ( s ) : 31 [ details ] available for editors [ request ]

pérez , t . ; díaz , m . c . ; ruiz , c . ; cóndor - luján , b . ; klautau , m . ; hajdu , e . ; lôbo - hajdu , g . ; zea , s . ; pomponi , s . a . ; thacker , r . w . ; carteron , s . ; tollu , g . ; pouget - cuvelier , a . ; thélamon , p . ; marechal , j . - p . ; thomas , o . p . ; ereskovsky , a . e . ; vacelet , j . ; boury - esnault , n . ( 2017 ) . how a collaborative integrated taxonomic effort has trained new spongiologists and improved knowledge of martinique island ( french antilles , eastern caribbean sea ) marine biodiversity . plos one . 12 ( 3 ) : e0173859 . , available online at urltoken page ( s ) : 9 [ details ]

lehnert , h . ; van soest , r . w . m . ( 1998 ) . shallow water sponges of jamaica . beaufortia . 48 ( 5 ) : 71 - 103 . page ( s ) : 98 [ details ]

lendenfeld , r . von . ( 1889 ) . a monograph of the horny sponges . ( trübner and co . : london ) : iii - iv , 1 - 936 , pls 1 - 50 . , available online at urltoken ; view = 1up ; seq = 1 page ( s ) : 413 - 415 [ details ]

pulitzer - finali , g . ( 1986 ) . a collection of west indian demospongiae ( porifera ) . in appendix , a list of the demospongiae hitherto recorded from the west indies . annali del museo civico di storia naturale giacomo doria . 86 : 65 - 216 . page ( s ) : 183 - 184 [ details ] available for editors [ request ]

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to cite this page : myers , p . , r . espinosa , c . s . parr , t . jones , g . s . hammond , and t . a . dewey . 2018 . the animal diversity web ( online ) . accessed at https : / / animaldiversity . org .

disclaimer : the animal diversity web is an educational resource written largely by and for college students . adw doesn ' t cover all species in the world , nor does it include all the latest scientific information about organisms we describe . though we edit our accounts for accuracy , we cannot guarantee all information in those accounts . while adw staff and contributors provide references to books and websites that we believe are reputable , we cannot necessarily endorse the contents of references beyond our control .

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notes : long tubes , single or in groups , usually having an iridiscent lavender color , but co - occurring specimens may be brownish or greenish tan .

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tricart & foubert ( 2000 ) [ statut pour la martinique ] tricart , s . & foubert , a . 2000 . base de référence de l ' inventaire znieff - mer : validation des données sur les espèces marines des caraïbes ( guadeloupe , martinique et guyane ) . in : guillaume , m . ( coord . ) 2000 . l ' inventaire znieff - mer dans les dom : bilan méthodologique et mise en place . patrimoines naturels , 42 : 105 - 128 .

alcolado & busutil ( 2012 ) [ statut pour la guadeloupe ] alcolado , p . m . & busutil , l . 2012 . inventaire des spongiaires néritiques du parc national de la guadeloupe . serie oceanológica , 10 : 62 - 76 .

national inventory of natural heritage , website : https : / / inpn . mnhn . fr .

this species has long tube - like structures cylindrical in nature and many tubes are attached to one particular part of the organism . the tubes occur in varying colors including lavender , gray and brown .

the stovepipe sponge is a filter feeder and eats food such as plankton or suspended detritus as it passes by them . very little is known about its behavioral patterns except for its feeding ecology and reproductive biology .

it reproduces both asexually and sexually . sperm is released into the water column where it floats and then settle down on substrate and begins to reproduce cells and grow . it takes hundreds of years for a single sponge to mature and it actually never stops growing until it dies .

image caption : stove - pipe sponge - pink variation . credit : nick hobgood / wikipedia ( cc by - sa 3 . 0 )

the tropical marine communities are considered among the most diverse on earth . the variety of colors , shapes , and sizes shown by the fauna of these communities are immense . the coral and sponge communities are among the most conspicuous . in spite of this , little is known about the ecology of marine sponges , as research has been hindered by taxonomic problems and difficulties that arise in their quantitative evaluation .

these keywords were added by machine and not by the authors . this process is experimental and the keywords may be updated as the learning algorithm improves .

alvarez mb , diaz mc ( 1985 ) las esponjas de un arrecife coralino en el parque nacional archipiélago de los roques : i , taxonomia . ii , estructura ecologica : 1–216 ( tesis de licenciatura , universidad central de venezuela , facultad de ciencias , escuela de biologia , caracas )

bloom sa ( 1975 ) the motile scape response of a sessile prey : a sponge - scallop mutualism . j exp mar biol ecol 17 ( 3 ) : 311–321

chace fa ( 1972 ) the shrimps of the smithsonian - bredin caribbean expedition with a summary of the west indian shallow - water species ( crustacea : deeapoda : natantia ) . smithson contrib zool 98 ( i - x ) : 1–179

connor ef , mccoy ed ( 1979 ) the statistics and biology of the species - area relationship . am nat 113 ( 6 ) : 791–817

daüer dm ( 1973 ) polychaete fauna associated with gulf of méxico sponges . fi sci 36 ( 2–4 ) : 192–196

dendy ( porifera ) as an ecological niche in the littoral zone of the dahlak archipelago ( eritrea ) . bull sea fish res stn israel 41 : 17–25

( l . ) : a commensal - protective mutualism . j exp mar biol ecol 36 : 1–10

frith dw ( 1976 ) animals associated with sponges at north hayling , hampshire . j linn soc ( zool ) 58 : 353–362

in the roques archipelago , venezuela . bijdr dierkd 54 ( 2 ) : 220–230

kilburn pd ( 1966 ) analysis of the species - area relation . ecology 47 : 831–843

long er ( 1968 ) the associates of four species of marine sponges of oregon and washington . pac sci 22 ( 3 ) : 347–351

macarthur rh , wilson eo ( 1967 ) the theory of island biogeography . princeton universtiy press , princeton nj

osman rw ( 1977 ) the establishment and development of a marine epifaunal community . ecol monogr 41 : 37–63

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and its associated fauna . est coast shelf sci 13 ( 6 ) : 621–635

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rützler k ( 1976 ) ecology of tunisian commercial sponges . tethys 7 ( 2–3 ) : 249–264

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sorensen t ( 1948 ) a method of establishing groups of equal amplitude in plant society based on similarity of species content . k dan vidensk selsk 5 : 1–34

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. in : taylor d ( ed ) proc : 3rd int coral reef symp 1 . biology , may 1977 miami , florida

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cyclophora punctaria , the maiden ’s blush , is a moth of the family geometridae .

the species can be found in europe .

the wingspan is 13 – 25 mm. , first generation , the second generation is typically much smaller and reaches only about 22 mm wingspan .

the forewings have a sand ground colour , or may have reddish or yellowish tints .

the pattern is variable .

the medium-sized , slightly curved and brown coloured cross line is always clearly marked .

basal to this there is strongly curved row of dots.distally is a slightly curved row of dots .

a further line dots is the margin .

the fringes are the basic colour .

the pattern elements continue on the hindwings .

the discal marks are the base colour and therefore hardly visible .

the moths fly in generations from may to june and in august in western europe .

the larvae feed on oak leaves .

cyclophora punctaria

cyclophora punctaria <EOT> kari pihlaviita added the finnish common name " tammivyömittari " to " cyclophora punctaria linnaeus 1758 " .

maiden ' s blush ( cyclophora punctaria ) - norfolk moths - the macro and micro moths of norfolk .

hans - martin braun added the german common name " grauroter gürtelpuppenspanner " to " cyclophora punctaria linnaeus 1758 " .

habitat : cyclophora punctaria inhabits oak - rich sites of all types and occurs especially in forest edges of light forests .

hans - martin braun added the german common name " gesprenkelter eichen - gürtelpuppenspanner " to " cyclophora punctaria linnaeus 1758 " .

hans - martin braun added the german common name " gepunkteter eichen - gürtelpuppenspanner " to " cyclophora punctaria linnaeus 1758 " .

life cycle : cyclophora punctaria has mostly two generations per year from mid - april to mid - june and early july to late august . the larva can be found from june to early october .

endangerment factors : cyclophora punctaria is still quite common and only at little risk ( dark forest management with monocultures of spruce and others ) . i found the caterpillars on the eastern swabian alb along with those of cyclophora albipunctata ( these on betula ) in young plantations with oak and wild birch trees and at forest edges .

a taxon identifier is composed of name , author , year and attribute , all separated by a blank . these are all extracted from the original publication .

the name is reproduced exactly as proposed in the original publication . the name of a genus is made up of one word and species made up of two words ( genus and species ) separated by a blank .

the author ' s name is made up of a string of letters , with no blanks , and multiple authors ' names are separated by a comma . spelling of author ' s name is based on the original publication . if there are more than three authors , only the names of the first two authors are shown , followed by " , + " and the number of omitted authors .

attribute is enclosed in square brackets . this is rarely needed , but to differentiate homo - identifiers , this will contain the page , line or plate number of original publication .

all diacritic marks , hyphens , and apostrophes are eliminated , thus only the following characters are used : a to z , a to z , 0 to 9 , blank , comma , and opening and closing square brackets . although upper and lower cases are used for the convenience of human recognition , it is not case sensitive .

created by dicky sick ki yu 1997 - 2012 please send me information about errors and omissions ( contact information ) with supporting references , possibly with pdf or hard copy .

occurring in oak woodland , this rather attractive species is fairly common locally in the south of england , becoming scarcer further north into scotland .

species , it has two generations , the first flying in may and june , and the second in august .

ukmoths is built , run and maintained by ian kimber , with thanks to the many kind contributors who provide photos and information .

the ukmoths facebook page is a great place to post your identification queries . more often than not you ' ll get a positive id on most photos fairly quickly .

looking for a specific moth species ? enter just part of the name below .

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remarks : the distribution extends from the iberian peninsula through much of europe to the caspian sea .

html public " - / / w3c / / dtd html 4 . 01 transitional / / en " " urltoken "

quite variable in markings , some have large area of reddish blush in centre of forewing others a single reddish cross line .

recorded in 59 ( 86 % ) of 69 10k squares . first recorded in 1873 . last recorded in 2018 .

underlying maps using digital map data © norfolk online lepidoptera archive - nola™ 2018 . © james wheeler - n o r f o l k m o t h s 2007 - 2018 . data © nola™ 2018

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notes : local in oak woodland throughout much of england and wales . in hampshire and on the isle of wight still widespread and locally common , but less numerous on the chalk . wingspan 25 - 32 mm . fairly unmistakable , but worn , faded specimens could be confused with second generation clay triple - lines c . linearia , which see . larva feeds on pedunculate and sessile oak , over - wintering as a pupa .

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view thousands of photos and video of butterflies and moths from around the world , or upload your own . to search by species , use the species guide ( change " ioc " to " butterflies & moths " before searching by taxon ) .

© 2018 birdguides , warners group publications plc . all rights reserved . company registered in england no . 2572212 | vat registration no . gb 638 3492 15

blå punkter visar fynd registrerade i artportalen och övriga databaser anslutna till lifewatch . kan innehålla observationer som inte är validerade . kartan uppdateras var fjärde vecka .

i det avancerade verktyget kan man söka ut och få fram artlistor , t ex arter i ett visst län , i en viss biotop , substrat , som påverkas av en hotfaktor , eller som är knutna till en sk värdart , t ex trädet alm . dessa kan även kombineras .

söka fram arter som är rödlistade , knutna till alm , är beroende av död ved och som finns i kronobergs län .

söka fram arter som är rödlistade , lever i småvatten och som påverkas negativt av igenväxning .

defaultläget i verktyget är arter som är rödlistade 2015 och dessa är klassade på samtliga sökfaktorer . under fliken rödlistekategori kan man dock välja att även inkludera arter som inte är rödlistade . om man väljer att inkludera icke rödlistade arter behöver man vara medveten om att samtliga arter inte är klassade på samtliga faktorer . nedan en sammanställning av vad som är komplett .

denna funktion används när du vill skapa din egen lista av arter att hantera . du kan t . ex . navigera mellan arterna i listan genom att klicka på deras namn . du kan också välja att använda knappen ”jämför arter” för att se bilder , kartor och kännetecken i en jämförelsevy .

du kan komponera ditt eget urval av arter genom att klicka dig fram via släktträdet och där välja arter eller artgrupper till din lista . ett annat sätt att göra ditt urval är att använda fliken ”filtrera” , där du kan söka på olika egenskaper . ovanför listan med sökresultatet finns en knapp ”lägg i mitt urval” .

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the mit license ( mit ) copyright ( c ) 2011 - 2015 twitter , inc permission is hereby granted , free of charge , to any person obtaining a copy of this software and associated documentation files ( the " software " ) , to deal in the software without restriction , including without limitation the rights to use , copy , modify , merge , publish , distribute , sublicense , and / or sell copies of the software , and to permit persons to whom the software is furnished to do so , subject to the following conditions : the above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in all copies or substantial portions of the software . the software is provided " as is " , without warranty of any kind , express or implied , including but not limited to the warranties of merchantability , fitness for a particular purpose and noninfringement . in no event shall the authors or copyright holders be liable for any claim , damages or other liability , whether in an action of contract , tort or otherwise , arising from , out of or in connection with the software or the use or other dealings in the software .

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platytroctes apus is a species of fish in the family platytroctidae , the tubeshoulders .

it is known commonly as the legless searsid and legless tubeshoulder .

it is native to tropical and temperate oceans around the world .

it has been found at depths between 385 and 5393 meters , but it generally remains between 1000 and 2000 meters .

little is known about this rarely-collected deepsea fish .

it reaches up to 18 centimeters in length .

its body is laterally compressed and is described as " leaf-like " and " flabby " .

it is dark brown in color with luminous patches .

platytroctes apus

platytroctes apus <EOT> kari pihlaviita added the finnish common name " velttovalokuore " to " platytroctes apus günther , 1878 " .

a legless tubeshoulder , platytroctes apus , from seamounts in the tasman sea . source : robin mcphee & mark mcgrouther / norfanz founding parties . license : all rights reserved

platytroctes apus günther 1878 , ann . mag . nat . hist . 5 2 ( 2 , 22 , 28 ) : 249 . type locality : atlantic ocean [ 01°n , 26°w ] . depth 1500 fathoms

scientific synonyms and common names platytroctes apus günther , 1878 synonyms : platytroctes apus günther , 1878 , ann . mag . nat . hist . , ( 5 ) 2 : 249 ( abt . 01°n . , 26° w . , 274 m ) . holotype : bmnh no . 1887 . 12 . 7 . 235 . platytroctes apus : günther , 1887 : 229 - 230 , pl . lviii ( fig . a ) alcock , 1890 : 307 goode & bean , 1896 : 46 , pl . xv ( fig . 53 ) zugmayer , l911b : 8 - 9 roule , 1916 : 12 ; 1919 : 1416 , pl . i ( fig . 4 , 4a - c ) koefoed , 1927 : 58 fowler , 1936 : 191 - 192 , fig . 80 lozano rey , 1947 : 85 - 87 , fig . 15 - 16 grey , 1956 : 116 - 117 parr , 1960 : 34 - 37 , fig . 22 - 26 krefft , 1963 : 83 . platytroctes procerus brauer , 1906 , wiss . ergebn . dt . tiefsee - exped . ' valdivia ' , 15 ( 1 ) : 23 - 24 , fig . 3 ( 14°39 ' 05 " n . , 21°51 ' 08 " w . , 2500 m ) . holotype : zmhu no . 17427 . common names : legless searsid [ en ]

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occurs in the atlantic , pacific and indian oceans . this is a rarely captured , deep - dwelling species . current threats to this species are unknown and ecological information is limited . this species is listed as least concern .

occurs circumglobally in temperate and tropical waters ( carter 2002 ) . this species occurs tropical western atlantic , indian and pacific oceans and in the eastern atlantic from iceland to south of the equator at the sierra leone rise ( pakhorukov 1999 , quero

it is equatorial in the indian ocean , extends to about 66°n in the eastern atlantic and is absent in the southern atlantic ( matsui and rosenblatt 1987 ) . there are scattered records from denmark strait and bay of biscay to gabon ( quéro

2008 ) but it has been reported from 385 m to 5 , 393 m ( randall and farrell 1997 ) . it is known to occur in the low - oxygen waters off the bay of bengal and the arabian sea ( matsui and rosenblatt 1987 ) .

anguilla ; aruba ; australia ; bangladesh ; barbados ; belize ; benin ; bermuda ; bonaire , sint eustatius and saba ; british indian ocean territory ; cameroon ; cape verde ; cayman islands ; colombia ; comoros ; costa rica ; côte d ' ivoire ; cuba ; curaçao ; dominican republic ; ecuador ( ecuador ( mainland ) ) ; equatorial guinea ; france ( france ( mainland ) ) ; french guiana ; french southern territories ( mozambique channel is . ) ; gabon ; gambia ; ghana ; greenland ; grenada ; guinea ; guinea - bissau ; guyana ; haiti ; honduras ; iceland ; india ; indonesia ; iran , islamic republic of ; ireland ; jamaica ; kenya ; liberia ; madagascar ; malaysia ; maldives ; mauritania ; mauritius ; mexico ; montserrat ; morocco ; mozambique ; myanmar ; new caledonia ; nicaragua ; nigeria ; norfolk island ; oman ; pakistan ; panama ; philippines ; portugal ( azores , madeira , portugal ( mainland ) , selvagens ) ; puerto rico ; réunion ; saint pierre and miquelon ; saint vincent and the grenadines ; sao tomé and principe ( principe , sâo tomé ) ; senegal ; seychelles ; sierra leone ; somalia ; spain ( canary is . , spain ( mainland ) ) ; sri lanka ; suriname ; tanzania , united republic of ; thailand ; timor - leste ; togo ; trinidad and tobago ; united kingdom ; united states ; venezuela , bolivarian republic of ; virgin islands , british ; western sahara ; yemen

( froese and pauly 2011 , fishnet2 2012 ) . this species is rarely captured ( iwamoto pers . comm . 2013 ) .

can reach a size of 18 cm standard length ( carter 2002 ) . this species inhabits low - oxygen waters and have poorly developed gill filaments ( matsui and rosenblatt 1987 ) .

are unknown . if any threats do exist , for they are probably limited by the depth range of this species .

to make use of this information , please check the < terms of use > .

greek , platys = flat + greek , troktes , - ou = that eats ( ref . 45335 )

marine ; bathypelagic ; depth range 385 - 5393 m ( ref . 40846 ) . deep - water ; 67°n - 21°s , 57°w - 119°e

eastern atlantic : scattered records from denmark strait and bay of biscay ( ref . 6682 ) to gabon ( ref . 4461 ) . indian , pacific and western atlantic : in tropical waters .

maturity : l m ? range ? - ? cm max length : 18 . 0 cm sl male / unsexed ; ( ref . 4461 )

dorsal spines ( total ) : 0 ; dorsal soft rays ( total ) : 20 ; anal spines : 0 ; anal soft rays : 17 . body highly compressed and flabby ; body leaf - like in appearance ; no nodular luminous organ on body , upper and lower edges of caudal peduncle fringed by black presumably luminous tissue ; pectoral fin tiny ; body dark brown ; opercular region , shoulder luminous organ , and anus black ( ref . 13608 ) .

reported to reach the depth of 5 , 393 m ( r . e . pohl , pers . comm . , 28 / 11 / 01 ) .

quéro , j . - c . , t . matsui , r . h . rosenblatt and y . i . sazonov , 1984 . searsiidae . p . 256 - 267 . in p . j . p . whitehead , m . - l . bauchot , j . - c . hureau , j . nielsen and e . tortonese ( eds . ) fishes of the north - eastern atlantic and the mediterranean . unesco , paris . vol . 1 . ( ref . 6682 )

phylogenetic diversity index ( ref . 82805 ) : pd 50 = 0 . 7500 [ uniqueness , from 0 . 5 = low to 2 . 0 = high ] .

bayesian length - weight : a = 0 . 01122 ( 0 . 00514 - 0 . 02450 ) , b = 3 . 04 ( 2 . 87 - 3 . 21 ) , in cm total length , based on all lwr estimates for this body shape ( ref . 93245 ) .

trophic level ( ref . 69278 ) : 3 . 3 ±0 . 4 se ; based on size and trophs of closest relatives

resilience ( ref . 69278 ) : medium , minimum population doubling time 1 . 4 - 4 . 4 years ( assuming tmax > 3 ) .

vulnerability ( ref . 59153 ) : low vulnerability ( 12 of 100 ) .

tusks . gillrakers ( 29 ) 33 - 40 ( 8 - 11 on upper limb ) .

, with 15 - 19 finrays . no light organs . most scales bearing a

: scattered records from west of morocco , off portugal , bay of biscay and denmark strait . elsewhere , southward to about 9° 25 ' n , also

alcock , a . w . 1890b . natural history notes from h . m . indian marine survey steamer ' investigator ' , commander r . f . hoskyn , r . n . , commanding . no . 18 . on the bathybia fishes of the arabian sea , obtained during the season 1889 - 1890 . ann . mag . nat . hist . , ( 6 ) 6 ( 34 ) : 295 - 311 .

brauer , a . 1906 . die tiefseefische . 1 . systematischer teil . wiss . ergebn . dt . tiefsee - exped . ' valdivia ' , iena , 15 ( 1 ) : pp . 1 - 432 , 18 pl . , 176 fig .

fowler , h . w . 1936 . the marine fishes of west africa , based on the collection of the american museum congo expedition 1909 - 1915 . bull . am . mus . nat . hist . , 70 ( 1 ) , jan . 21 , 1936 : pp . vii + 1 - 606 , fig . 1 - 275 ; ( 2 ) , nov . 18 , 1936 : pp . 607 - 1493 , fig . 276 - 567 .

günther , a . 1878 . preliminary notices of deep - sea fishes collected during the voyage of h . m . s . challenger . ann . mag . nat . hist . , ( 5 ) 2 : pp . 17 - 28 , pp . 179 - 187 , pp . 248 - 251 .

goode , g . b . ; bean , t . h . 1896 . oceanic ichthyology , a treatise on the deep - sea and pelagic fishes of the world , based chiefly upon the collections made by steamers blake , albatross and fish hawk in the northwestern atlantic . smithson . contrib . knowl . , 30 and spec . bull u . s . natn . mus . , 1895 [ 1896 ] and mem . mus . comp . zool . harv . , 1 ( text ) : pp . xxxv + 1 - 553 ; 2 ( atlas ) : pp . xxiii + 1 - 26 , 123 pl . , 417 fig .

grey , m . 1956 . the distribution of fishes found below a depth of 2000 meters . fieldiana , zool . , 36 ( 2 ) : 75 - 337 .

günther , a . 1887 . report on the deep - sea fishes collected by h . m . s . challenger during the years 1873 - 1876 . challenger reports , zool . , 22 : ixv + 268 pp . , 7 fig . , 66 pl .

koefoed , e . 1927 . fishes from the sea - bottom . rep . scient . results michael sars n . atlant . deep sea exped . , [ tittle page : 1927 , 1932 ] , 4 ( 1 ) : 148 pp . , 55 fig . , 6 pl .

lozano y rey , l . 1947 . peces ganoideos y fisostomos , mems r . acad . cienc . exact . fis . nat . madr . , ser . : cienc . nat . , 11 : xv + 839 p . , 190 fig . , 20 pl .

parr , a . e . 1960 . the fishes of the family searsidae . dana rep . , ( 51 ) : pp . 1 - 109 , fig . 1 - 73 .

roule , l . 1916a . notice préliminaire sur quelques espèces nouvelles ou rares des poissons provenant des croisieres de s . a . s . ie prince de monaco . bull . inst . océanogr . , monaco , ( 320 ) : 1 - 32 .

roule , l . 1919 . poissons provenant des campagnes du yacht ' princesse alice ' ( 1891 - 1913 ) et du yacht ' hirondelle ii ' ( 1914 ) . résult . camp . scient . prince albert 1 , 52 : 191 pp . , 7 pl .

zugmayer , e . 1911b . poissons provenant des campagnes du yacht ' princesse alice ' . résult . camp . scient . prince albert 1 , 35 : 174 pp . , 6 pl .

a deep - bodied dark brown tubeshoulder with a black opercular region , shoulder luminous organ , and anus , tiny pectoral fins , and luminous glands along the dorsal and ventral surfaces of the caudal peduncle .

northwest of port hedland , western australia , and on the norfolk ridge , north and south of norfolk island . elsewhere the species is circumglobal in tropical to temperate waters .

dorsal fin 20 ; anal fin 17 . body highly compressed , flabby , leaf - like in appearance ; upper and lower edges of caudal peduncle fringed by black luminous tissue ; pectoral fin tiny .

günther , a . 1887 . report on the deep - sea fishes collected by h . m . s challenger during the years 1873–1876 .

report on the scientific results of the voyage of h . m . s . challenger 1873–1876 , zoology

. the iucn red list of threatened species 2015 : e . t190217a21908841 . urltoken downloaded on 16 july 2017 .

hartel , k . e . , kenaley , c . p . , galbraith , j . k . & sutton , t . t . 2008 . additional records of deep - sea fishes from off the greater new england .

matsui , t . & rosenblatt , r . h . 1987 . review of the deep - sea fish family platytroctidae ( pisces : salmoniformes ) .

pakhorukov , n . p . 1999 . underwater observations on deepwater fish of the atlantic ocean in the region of the sierra leone rise .

parr , a . e . 1960 . the fishes of the family searsidae .

quéro , j . - c . , matsui , t . , rosenblatt , r . h . & sazonov , yu . i . 1984 . searsiidae , pp . 256 - 267 . in : whitehead , p . j . p . , bauchot , m . - l . , hureau , j . - c . , nielsen , j . & tortonese , e . ( eds ) 1984 .

sazonov , yu . i . 1986 : morphology and classification of the fishes of the family platytroctidae ( salmoniformes , alepocephaloidei ) .

sazonov , yu . i . 1996 . morphology and significance of the luminous organs in alepocephaloid fishes , pp . 151 - 163 . in : uiblein , f . , ott , j . , stachowitsch , m . ( eds ) deep - sea and extreme shallow - water habitats : affinities and adaptations .

sazonov , y . i . 1999 . family platytroctidae . pp . 1894 - 1895 in carpenter , k . e . & niem , v . h . ( eds ) .

the living marine resources of the western central pacific . fao species identification guide for fisheries purposes .

williams , a . & stewart , a . l . 2015 . family platytroctidae . pp . 346 - 353 in roberts , c . d . , stewart , a . l . & struthers , c . d .

. wellington : te papa press vol . 2 pp . 1 - 576 .

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to cite this page : myers , p . , r . espinosa , c . s . parr , t . jones , g . s . hammond , and t . a . dewey . 2018 . the animal diversity web ( online ) . accessed at https : / / animaldiversity . org .

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