there were two military orders known as the order of our lady of bethlehem .

mathew paris mentions that henry iii of england authorized them to open a house in a suburb of cambridge in 1257 ; but he does not mention their founder , where they originated , and their history .

their habit was similar to that of the dominicans and that a red star , whose five rays emanated from an azure centre , decorated the breast of their cape .

this was in commemoration of the star that appeared to the magi and led them to bethlehem .

nothing further is known of this military order .

there was an order of knights whose members wore a red star on their costume because of having a house in bethlehem at the time of the crusades ; this was the military order of crusaders of the red star ( ordo militaris crucigerorum cum rubeâ stellâ ) .

they came from palestine to bohemia in 1217 , and blessed agnes of bohemia confided two hospitals to their charge .

they have since remained in that country where they devote themselves to the care of the sick , to education , and to the various works of the ecclesiastical ministry .

after the taking of constantinople by the turks ( 1453 ) , pius ii founded the order of our lady of bethlehem .

the purpose of these knights was to defend the island of lemnos which cardinal louis , patriarch of aquileia , had recaptured from mohammed ii .

the island was to be their headquarters from which they were to oppose the attacks of the muslims by way of the ægean sea and the hellespont .

the order was composed of brother-knights and priests governed by an elective grand-master .

the white costume worn by the members was decorated with a red cross and the rule prescribed for them was very similar to that of the knights of st. john of jerusalem .

the pope founded this community on 18 january 1459 .

to supply their needs , the pope turned over to them the property and revenues of older orders which no longer fulfilled their purpose , such as : the order of saint lazarus , sainte-marie du ch teau des bretons , bologna , order of the holy sepulchre , santo spirito in sassia , st. mary of the crossed friars , and st. james of lucca , all of which were suppressed for this purpose .

pius ii alluded in a bull to this foundation and the bravery of its knights , but the second capture of lemnos by the turks rendered the institution useless .

thus the order of our lady of bethlehem was suppressed almost as soon as founded and those orders whose goods the pope had transmitted to it were re-established .

order of our lady of bethlehem

order of our lady of bethlehem <EOT> dedicated to our lady of bethlehem and known under the name of bethlehemites . mathew

rendered the institution useless . thus the order of our lady of bethlehem was suppressed almost as soon as founded and those orders whose goods the

made by the pope himself runs : “to our humble son , the prince luigi cesario amoroso , the inherited supreme magister of the order of our lady of bethlehem , and to all beloved knights of the order , we give our apostolical blessing” .

( 1686 ) , and instituted the order of the star of our lady before returning to his alleged dominions .

from the 18th of january 1944 , that the prince pietro amoroso d’aragona is the direct descendant and inheritor of amorites – phrygian cesarean dynasty with the title “cesarean highness” . by the same edict he recognized the order of our lady of bethlehem and the order of st . john of acre and st . thomas , has accepted from the prince pietro amoroso d’aragona the title of big cross of the order of our lady of bethlehem (

order of our lady of bethlehem knights grand cross equestrian order of saint mary of bethlehem grand cross star . breast star , 82 mm , silver gilt with brill size : 3 . 5 " provenance : lifelong military medal collection . consigned by the private chicago , il family of the collector .

today the association of the knights of the order of our lady of bethlehem under the guidance of the prince angelo maria amoroso d ' aragona is defining their main mission as charitable help to ill and distressed people .

was thoroughly equipped and stocked and even offered an opportunity for the religious installment of those who tended the sick . the institution was placed under the patronage of our lady of bethlehem .

the order of our lady of bethlehem ( it . ordine militare e ospedaliero di s . maria di betlemme ) is the military order founded on 19th january 1459 by pope pius ii for defending of the island of lemnos ( bull : «veram semper et solidam» )

within the bounds of cooperation , the latin patriarch of jerusalem the supreme prior of the order of holy sepulchre of jerusalem michel sabbah has visited the residence of the supreme magister of the order of our lady of bethlehem in bari ( via vittorio veneto 5 ) on the 10th of january 1988 . the chevaliers of the bethlehem order headed by the supreme chancellor the marquis paolo cecconato ( on the photo ) .

on the 26th of october 1980 , the chevalier of the order of our lady of bethlehem bartolo longo ( 10 . 02 . 1841 – 05 . 10 . 1926 ) was blessed by catholic church , and was also named in the encyclic of the pope john paul ii as “rosarium mariae” - “the apostle of rosary” . his beatification has become a sensational event in the history of the knights of the bethlehem order . his portrait in knight’s of the order of our lady of bethlehem full regalia was placed into the main hall of «pontificio santuario di pompei» ( pompey , italy ) .

founded an order of our lady of bethlehem , intending to transfer to it the possessions of older orders which no longer fulfilled their purpose ( 1459 ) , but the loss of the island prevented its institution . the same fate befell the german order of the christian militia , projected ( 1615 ) under

during the pontificate of pope john paul ii , the relations with the order of our lady of bethlehem are moving to the positive directions . on the 26th of july 2002 , in the hall called “sala nervi” , in vatican , the audience of the knights of the order of our lady of bethlehem and pope john paul ii took place . the event gathered 50 delegates from the different regions of italy , who came together with children and grandchildren . during the audience , the st pope was granted with the painting –

the period from the xviii until the first part of xx century can be considered as the blossom of the activity of the order of our lady of bethlehem , the one of the most favorable and important in its history . the knight investitures were recovered since 1730 in the neapolitan kingdom .

however , after the law n 178 from the 1951 , established the “order for the deserts in front of italian republic” and cancelled the special perquisites of all earlier existing knight orders in italy ( except for the order of malta and the order of holy sepulchre of jerusalem ) , the order of our lady of bethlehem is getting the associative status with the residence in bari ( from 1957 up to now days ) .

this category consists of the nobly born knights in minimum four generations , inherited the chevalier titles of the order of our lady of bethlehem by the direct men line . the category could only be granted to the representatives of ancient noble families with the right to descent the knight titles .

as pius ii alluded in a bull from the 16th march 1464 «magnae devotionis tuae» : prince dagobert de amorosa , the descend of an ancient caesarean origin byzantine house , is becoming the first inherited supreme magister of the order of our lady of bethlehem . the earl antonio crispo di sira is appointed as chancellor of the order .

in 1479 the knights of the order suffered defeat and , after the final capture of lemnos by the turks , had to leave the island forever . the remained knights together with the supreme magister moved to naples , italy . from this moment the order of our lady of bethlehem stopped act as a holistic military organization . following the disposition of pope innocent viii , the main part of order’s property came into possession of the order rhodes and malta .

since the middle of last century , the counterfeit orders are appearing in italy via the actions of many enterprising " princes " and other persons , who copied the name of their organizations from the famous knight orders . in 1931 , the mgr eftimios yuakim created the fictitious order called “the order of our st maria lady of bethlehem” ( santa maria nostra signora di betlemme ) , which was convicted by st throne later . the situation became more serious in the 40th , in connection to the annihilation of royal fecial council and removal of the governmental control over the legality of noble titles in italy . up to today there are several counterfeit orders with the different interpretations of the name of our lady of bethlehem : “apostolic order of our lady of bethlehem” and “the order of knights of bethlehem order of east” launched by the “ adopted descendants” of amoroso d’aragona ( “prince” antonio ii tiberius dobrinya d’aragona and “prince” pier pasle de sharne ) . similar examples are : “ecumenic hospitaller order of st . john chevaliers of malt” and “the order of st constantine and st george” , created by the “prince” francesco amoroso komnenos angelo flavio lascaris paleologo d’aragona . such organizations were never recognized and have nothing in common with the line of amoroso d’aragona and its history , what was proved many times by the legal descendant and current head of dynasty the prince angelo maria amoroso d ' aragona .

. almost at the same time there arose in castile the order of calatrava and in leon the order of alcantara .

, as in palestine , to supply their place with a permanent order . this order adopted the

it’s worth to mention , that the document was issued after the infamous publications of l’osservatore romano ( 1933 , 1938 ) . the decretal is stressing the independent from time and politics situation status of knight institution of the line of amoroso d’aragona . finally , the royal civil court held in bari on the 20th june 1945 , № 3383 r . g sentenza № . 786 and the court № 4419 r . g . sentenza № 1006 , 1945 , both have confirmed the dynastic rights of supreme magister of the order of our lady of bethlehem and the competence of official performance of the chevalier’s titles for knights of the order , despite the fascist period publications of vatican ( osservatore romano , rivista araldica ) , mentioning that these issues are containing many incorrect information about the order of our lady of bethlehem .

the following pages will provide you with more detailed information about our life including who we are , our daily schedule of liturgical prayer and work , vocational and travel information , news updates and homilies . you may also be interested in visiting our retreat house facilities pages and our on - line store pages by following the links at the bottom of this page .

of henry iv ( 1399 ) . a third order , scottish by origin , is that of the order of the thistle , dating from the reign of james v of

of francis ii : “… based on the statute of the military and hospitaller order of st . john of acre and st . thomas , issued on the 24th june 1498 in naples by the prince nicola de amerusio d’ aragona , and the other statute of the the military and hospitaller order of our lady of bethlehem , issued on the 25th march 1730 in naples by the prince filippo augusto amoroso d’aragona , both are recognized further in force . we accept with pleasure the request from applier and wish to provide him with the special certificate of our king favor , in respect with mention and not rebuttable caesarean origin of his ancient family and his numerous prove of affection and faith to our king throne…”

was found , and hundreds of italian guerrillas were awarded with it for the heroic participation in the opposition . on the front side of the medal is the half - face of the prince pietro amoroso d’aragona , on the back side are the cross of the order of our lady of bethlehem and following inscription : “for the praise of them , who saw the light in the darkness , to show the way of freedom and fair . 7th day of october 1943”

the same is to be said of the order of st . peter , instituted by

according to the opinion of italian heraldic council , the current situation of the order of our lady of bethlehem is categorized as “non - national orders” in italy . currently , the ministry of foreign affairs of italy is working on the detailed list of such “non - national orders” , which will consist of the earlier recognized dynastic orders in the kingdom . the council would also pay attention to the orders recognition by tribunals between 1946 ( since the monarchy abolishment ) and 1951 ( the cancellation of the rights of dynastic orders and establishment of “order for the deserts in front of italian republic” ) .

currently the order of our lady of bethlehem is consisting of more than 1000 members from different countries , among whom about 600 are living in italy . in this country the order is involving 5 provinces . the catania region is considered as most significant according to the number of knights with established special delegature under the patronage the right reverend mgr pio vittorio vigo - incumbent roman catholic bishop of acireale ( cecilia ) . the veneto province with the center in venice is the second significant area under the guideline of mgr rino olivotto .

retreatants are welcome all year round at our abbey to enjoy some private time in peace and solitude .

the candidates to the chevaliers must be introduced by the delegates of the order during the annual capitul in order to prove their deserts and nobility .

. the knights of st . catherine of sinai are not an order , either secular or regular .

by way of the ægean sea and the hellespont . the order was composed of brother - knights and

, so that they have considered themselves as successors of the order of the collar . after the cession of bugey to

of an order of the passion of christ ( 1360 ) the text of which has recently been published , but which were never enforced .

abbey news correction a few days ago it was stated on our daily liturgical schedule page that on friday of . . . read more →

abbey news moving right along this past week the contractors on our gatehouse renovation project made a good deal of . . . read more →

from the 18th of december 1943 ) and granted the prince with the title gran cordone of the order of st . maurice and lazarus (

the abbey of the genesee is home to some 30 contemplative monks belonging to the order of cistercians of the strict observance also known as trappists .

a buyers fee discount of 3 % is extended to those paying by check , cash or money order .

on the 20th june 2009 in munich , bavaria , was found new province of the order for german knights with the head of prelate munich mgr adalbert merlein . the open ceremony of the province was coincided with the 550 anniversary of the order foundation and held in cathedral . the raising to the knighthood of the order of the right reverend apostolic exarch of st throne for the byzantine rite catholic of germany and scandinavia bishop mark crick .

all delivered in a dark red velvet interior box with the order logo imprinted in gold .

( 1180 ) , but difficult to distinguish from the order of calatrava , with which it was soon amalgamated .

in 1924 the supreme magister luigi cesario spiridone amoroso d’aragona ( 1899 – 1931 ) and following him the prince pietro amoroso d’aragona are officially announcing the opposition against the dictatorial regime of mussolini . the knights of the order are creating the center of antifascist opposition called orbet ( the abbreviation is taken from the name “ordine betlemme” ) . the center’s history is full of samples of the heroic activity of its guerrilla - knights in different regions of the country . the groups of orbet saved hundreds of jewish families along the whole italy . the guerrillas defended the freedom of the country with the weapon in hands . the center was hunt down by the national socialists under the personal instructions from giacomo suardo , the deputy of the ministry of domestic affairs , later the president of the senate and member of big fascist council until the suspending of mussolini in september 1943 . the order of our lady of bethlehem fall into the black book of vatican as the “unrecognized order” ( the publications osservatore romano l ' osservatore romano from 1st june 1933 , rivista araldica ( 1933 fasc . x , p . 479 ) , l’osservatore romano 25th august 1938 ) .

in the 80th years the cooperation with the directions of the oldest knight order , which was found in the time of crusade and existing up to now - the order of holy sepulchre of jerusalem ( ordo eguestris s . sepulcri hierosolymitani ) , is outlined . the supreme magister and the supreme prior of this order , in accordance with the rule , are appointed from the high hierarchy of catholic church by the pope .

by the decretal from the 2nd february 1860 , the king of the kingdom of the two sicilies francis ii bourbon has confirmed the inherited character of the supreme magistracy of the order and rank it as the second dynastic order of caesarean family name amorosa d’ aragona , along with the order of st . john of acre and st . thomas ( founded by the prince aminado de amerusio in 1205 ) , which was also the prosperity of the family by inherited right .

in the 50th years of xx century , following the act №178 from the 3rd march 1951 , the st throne announced its recognition only of the order of malta ( smom ) and the order of holy sepulchre of jerusalem , leaving without mentioning the other knight’s institutions , equal to the “recognized” ones by the history and glorious past . the dynastical orders of the house of amoroso d’aragona and the order of former house of savoy , together with many others , were ignored by the st throne .

the order gains the auspices from the side of powerful prelate of roman curia , the cardinal alfredo ottaviani , who served as secretary of the holy congregation of the special spirituals in 1928 - 1929 , and further as deputy of governmental vatican secretary . among the cavaliers of the order in that period we can meet a lot of hierarchs of catholic church , representatives of monarchal families and governmental figures .

an order of the collar , which held its chapters in the charterhouse ( founded in 1892 ) of pierre - châtel in bugey . here also the knights of the annunziata kept their

on the 18th may 1484 , the king ferdinando i d’ aragona granted to the order the right to allocate on the territory of his kingdom . naples is becoming the new retreat for the knights of the bethlehem order and up to the beginning of xx century the main residence of supreme magister is located here . the prince giovanni de amorosa is gained with the honorable predicate to the family name - “d’ aragona” . the prince died in naples on the 15th september 1519 and was buried in the church san giorgio .

, it was originally considered a military order , but dissensions arose and each rank chose its own grand master .

and revenues of the orders of st . lazarus , of sainte - marie du château des bretons , of bologna , of the holy sepulchre , of santo spirito in sassia , of st . mary of the crossed friars , and of st . james of

in 1589 , were not so much a military order as an association of gentlemen who undertook to maintain the public peace in those turbulent times .

, from the 23rd of may 1949 issued by tribunal of the vico del gargano , has proved the legality of the order in new italian government and the trueness of the documents touching the recognition history of heraldic heritage of the house amoroso d’aragona , including the pope’s bulls , ancient sovereign diplomas and royal decreets of the house of savoy .

in windsor castle for the holding of chapters . this , the order of the garter , takes its name from the characteristic badge , won on the left knee . the choice of this badge has given rise to various anecdotes of

( modelled on the former ) , both still in existence . in the same category should be included the order of santiago which spread throughout castile ,

mutual relationships of the order with st throne often depended on the politic situations in italy and were complex . since the moving from the island lemnos , the order didn’t present reasonable activity for many years . the inherited knights didn’t have own structure for more than two hundred years .

the abbey of regina laudis , founded in 1947 in bethlehem , connecticut , u . s . a . , is a community of contemplative benedictine women dedicated to the praise of god through prayer and work . the nuns of the abbey chant the mass and full divine office each day , while expressing the traditional benedictine commitment to manual work and scholarship through various contemporary media and professional disciplines . the mission to praise god at all times is symbolized by the lyre on the abbey ' s crest and by our motto , taken from the book of judith – non recedat laus :

the situation is significantly changes with the coming to power of dictator benito mussolini , who assisted the creation of vatican government , which started it’s politic existence after the signing of lateran agreements in 1929 . the administration of vatican has generated a list of actions aimed to support the politics of fascist government of different countries . the pope pius xi approved the invasion of italy to ethiopia and its occupation , the fascist mutiny in spain and the sending of part of italian army to help franco . on the 20th of june 1933 was concluded the concordat with hitler . finally , within the bounds of reconciliation between the italian government and st throne , by the fascist government of mussolini and sovereign military order of malta was signed concordat ( legislative action # 1029 ) about the mutual official recognition , and following it , the fascist duce is becoming the cavalier of order of malta . the members of his government are granted with the value of the order of malta . we have seen a lot of parade portraits and photos of duce with the white malta’s cross on the neck .

from the 4th of february 1944 ) . the dynastic status of both orders of amoroso house is finally defined in italian kingdom , they are allowed to proceed the new investitures , the chevaliers are permitted to wear openly the order’s signs .

where he died ( 1270 ) , nor of that of the argonauts of st . nicholas , attributed to charles iii , king of

within a limited time , only for the 26 years , i . e . from the 1st january 1904 to 25th september 1930 , the chevaliers of the order has became as following :

, a feature of all new foundations . one of these was soon undertaken by brother anthony of the cross who sent two of his community to

they added that of caring for the sick even at the risk of their own lives . in 1688 brother anthony of the cross , with the help of a

was autonomous , all the houses of a military order were bound to contribute their revenues , after deducting expenses , to a central treasury . as a result of this enormous circulation of capital controlled by the orders , their wealth could be applied to financial operations which made them veritable credit and deposit banks . their perfect

and afterwards solicited admission among them . in 1672 brother roderick of the cross obtained the confirmation of this establishment by the king of

an income of 3 , 000 crowns . the bethlehemites , because of making only simple

in 1681 to secure the confirmation of these new institutions . the council of the indies assigned the

founded from the abbey of gethsemani in 1951 monastic life at genesee is made up of a balanced daily round of prayer , lectio divina and manual labor in an atmosphere of simplicity , silence and fraternal support .

in 1944 the groups orbet took part in the “four naples days” ( quattro giornate di napoli ) significant for the history of italy . the story of that event is related with the heroic defend of naples from the nazi occupation . naples was the first european city released by insurrectionary forces . in 1944 the residence of the supreme magister was moved to rome , the building situated on the central street via del corso 26 , near to famous piazza del popolo . in 1949 the same building was used for the patronato nazionale assistenziale ordine betlemme – the national helping fond of the order , which approve the efficiency of organization and coordination of the charity work of orbet during the hard postwar period . in honor of these events , the special

, exclusive of princes of the blood and foreign princes , with st . george as its patron and with its

by the special permission of governmental authorities , the status “non - national orders” was granted only to a few orders of royal bourbon house of the two sicilies . it is expected that soon the same status would get the orders of other sovereign dynasties , including the houses of amoroso d’aragona .

, of which the knights of livonia thenceforward formed one branch under a provincial master of their own ( 1238 ) . their possessions , acquired by conquest , formed a principality under

according to the records in pope’s bull , the inherited name of supreme magister is becoming the possession of the amoroso d ' aragona family , the direct descendent of the prince dagobert de amorosa by the branch of his older brother – the prince giovanni de amorosa .

, a grand master ( usually the reigning prince ) , and the practice of certain devotions . most of them also asked for the

which compels the belligerent to maintain his military apparatus on a level with those of his adversary , on pain of defeat . the strength of an army was in its cavalry , and to this type the armament , mounting , and tactics of the military orders conformed . the

abbey news birthday of the church and end of the easter season almost finished . . . . . . with the . . . read more →

remarkable , that at the same time the analogical tribunal from the 18th july 1945 ( n° 475 of the royal civil court of naples ) recognized the prince antonio de kurtis galiardi – focas ( famous in 50th as popular actor of italian cinema under the pen name “toto” ) as the direct legal descendent of caesarian dynasty the komnenos of byzantium , owing all the rights and privileges of this family . in the contemporary noble catalogues he is stated as “his imperial highness antonio griffo focas flavio ducas komnenos gagliardi de curtis of byzantium " .

lacking this official recognition should be expunged from history , even though they figure in the pages of all the old historians of the military orders . as a matter of fact , more than one rule of this kind , scarcely passing beyond the initial stages , has existed , and such are the orders which may be designated

copyright © 2017 by kevin knight . dedicated to the immaculate heart of mary .

at midnight in the midst of a great throng . in 1654 he made a

to defend the immaculate conception even at the peril of his life . he died , exhausted by labour and penance , 25 april , 1667 , at the age of forty - eight . his funeral was impressive and at the request of the

, the rule bound the brethren to the exercises of the monastic life such as the recitation of the hours , for which , in the case of illiterates , a fixed number of paters was substituted . it also prescribed their dress and their food , and their feast , abstinence , and fast days . lastly , the rule imposed detailed

of the work . the favour was granted , but pedro died before the messenger ' s return . from that time the community prospered , beginning with the extension of the

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domain , and as such had a sacred character which placed them beyond liability to profane uses or to secular imposts . they differed from the temporalities of other monastic institutions only in the centralized system of their administration . while within each of the other religious institutes every

, devoted lives of these religious won them esteem and gratitude . they were especially admired during the plague of 1736 , a fact unanimously acknowledged by the writers who describe the condition of latin america in the eighteenth century . but this did not prevent their suppression , as well as that of all other religious , in 1820 . at that time their superior - general resided in mexico and the bethlehemites were scattered throughout two provinces , that of

and that a red star , whose five rays emanated from an azure centre , decorated the breast of their cape . this was in commemoration of the star that appeared to the

helpers soon joined pedro de betancourt and at length was formed a congregation of brothers generally known as bethlehemites and so called on account of their house . but the care of the sick did not totally absorb their attention ; they likewise lent their assistance in the two other

which were also barracks , combining with the passive obedience of the soldier , the spontaneous submission of the religious , living shoulder to shoulder in brotherly union , commander and subordinate , these orders surpassed , in that cohesiveness which is the ideal of every military organization , the most famous bodies of picked soldiery known to history , from the macedonian phalanx to the ottoman janissaries .

, which was republished later in 1932 , 1945 and 1949 . it listed the family names of noble and knight degrees granted by the princes amoroso d’aragona as to direct descendants and heritors of former caesarean house " amoriense " ( found by mihail ii travl , the caesar of byzantium in 820 – 829 ) and to the ranked as supreme magister of own dynastic orders .

including twenty - two houses and that of new - spain , eleven . to the ordinary religious

in accordance with the willing of the prince luigi amoroso d’aragona ( 1959 – 1996 ) , from the 1992 , the right to be granted for the titles of both dynastic institutes of house amoroso d’aragona was extended to orthodox christians and protestants , although earlier there were only the catholic knights .

prince dagobert de amorosa closed his eyes on the 5th of october 1482 in naples and was buried in the church of st dominica - s . domenico maggiore di napoli . he didn’t have children .

, pedro was born at villaflora on the island of teneriffe in 1619 . from childhood he led a

the hospitaller bethlehemites , or belemites , were founded by the ven . pedro de betancourt . a descendant of the celebrated juan de betancourt , who , early in the fifteenth century , achieved the conquest of the

shop for fresh breads baked by the brothers of genesee abbey , along with coffee , cakes and more .

, pictured by the earl antonio crispo . the pope passed the apostolic blessing to the knights and all the attending . the audience was finished by ceremonial representative of the military honors by swiss guards of the st throne .

; beyond this it has left but little trace except a church of remarkable architecture , st . nicholas , at

and country , thus carrying out his desire of going to the west indies . during the following year he reached

confirmed the congregation and its constitutions ( 1673 ) . after his return to america this religious founded the hospital of

, has served as a model for all the others . after barely a century of existence , they were suppressed by

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in 1558 , to watch over and preserve that sanctuary . these distinctions were mostly granted to functionaries of the pontifical chancery .

, had recaptured from mohammed ii . the island was to be their headquarters whence they were to oppose the attacks of the

and the erection of a beautiful church . brother anthony , who assumed the government , drew up constitutions which he submitted to the

in 1468 , failing to perpetuate their existence , owing to the lack of territorial possessions , gave place to a purely secular confraternity .

help us make the future plans of the monastery a reality . we would be grateful for your contributions as we renovate the monastery .

" de curtis griffo focas” is the second imperial dynasty , recognized at the same period in italy equally to the house of amoroso d’aragona .

abbey news schedule change friday , june 8th feast of the sacred heart mass 10 am followed by adoration until vespers . . . read more →

the natural beauty , silence and solitude of the verdant genesee river valley so conducive for the contemplative life provides an ideal location for the monastery .

with which they decked themselves , and which they distributed among their dupes lavishly  though not gratuitously . hence came a whole category of orders justly considered

abbey news schedule change this thursday , may 10th , is ascension thursday , a holy day of obligation . mass will be at . . . read more →

by tradition , the ceremony of accepting the new chevaliers is hold in italy , in cathedral san sabine , bari , and in the church san salvador , rimini .

abbey news solemnity of st . benedict this coming wednesday , july 11th , we ' ll be joining the entire benedictine family in celebrating . . . read more →

governed by an elective grand - master . the white costume worn by the members was decorated with a red cross and the rule prescribed for them was very similar to that of the

calls attention to the former in his " grande chronique " ( tr . huillard - bréholles , paris , 1840 , 8vo , iii , 300 ) where he mentions that henry iii of

where they were very favourably received by the viceroy to whom he had recommended them . doctor antoine * d ' arvila gave them the hospital of notre dame du carmel which he was then establishing at

miræus , origine des chevalier et ordres militaires ( antwerp , 1609 ) ; favyn , histoire des ordres de chevalerie ( 2 vols . , paris , 1620 ) ; bielenfeld , geschichte und verfassung aller ritterorden ( weimar , 1841 ) ; cappeleti , storia degli ordini cavallereschi ( leghorn , 1904 ) ; clarke , concise history of knighthood , ii ( london , 1884 ) ; digby , the broad stone of honour ( london , 1876 - 77 ) ; lawrence - archer , the orders of chivalry ( london , 1887 ) ; see also bibliographies attached to special articles on the several great orders .

of st . francis , adopting its religious garb which he still retained after founding his congregation . he personally trained his first disciples and had no wish to organize a community , but simply to establish his

in accordance with the capitul ( cap . № ix , art . 63 , 64 , 74 ) and decreet of the supreme magister from the 8th december 1994 , each class has its own category :

had passed . the orders of any historical existence may be reduced to three categories : ( a ) the greater regular orders ; ( b ) the lesser regular orders ; ( c ) the secular orders .

contact information . the editor of new advent is kevin knight . my email address is webmaster at newadvent . org . regrettably , i can ' t reply to every letter , but i greatly appreciate your feedback — especially notifications about typographical errors and inappropriate ads .

invoices will be emailed within 48 hours following the conclusion of the auction . payments can be made by mail , to the following address : centurion auctions4196 w . us highway 90lake city , fl 32055or by telephone : 386 - 868 - 2889we also accept wire transfers . please contact the gallery for wire instructions .

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in those days employed so freely . they did not all follow the same monastic rule . the

in all its rigour ; they were permitted , in certain orders , to marry once , and that only with a maiden . even where second marriages were tolerated , they had to

were the heavy cavalry ; the men - at - arms - brethren , the light cavalry . the former were entitled to three horses a piece ; the latter had to be content with one . among the former , only

nihil obstat . october 1 , 1911 . remy lafort , s . t . d . , censor .

as to their founder , where they originated , and their history . we only

also excited his compassion . every thursday he begged for them through the city and visited them in their cells . the neglected

he was buried in their church where , for a long time , his remains were held in veneration .

requested him to make some alterations in the habit worn by his religious . a free

and observed the same rule as the men and they , too , were suppressed in 1820 .

h lyot , histoire des ordres monastiques , iii , 355 - 356 ; viii , 371 - 372 ; baronius , annales ecclesiastici ( lucca , 1753 ) , xxix , 179 - 180 ; heimbucher , die orden und kongregationen , i , 497 - 498 ; de montalvo , vida del venerable pedro de san jos betancourt ( rome , 1718 ) ; eyzaguirre , los intereses cat licos en am rica ( paris , 1859 ) , ii , 304 - 306 , 408 - 410 .

nihil obstat . 1907 . remy lafort , s . t . d . , censor .

since the 1730 , the prince filippo augusto amoroso d’aragona ( 1722 – 1744 ) is resuming the chivalric investitures in neapolitan kingdom .

in 1903 the knights headed by the great magister the prince luigi cesario amoroso d’aragona ( 1899 – 1931 ) were put up by pope pius x on the private audience . the inscription in the document

the category is granted to the chevaliers born in noble , or raised to a squireship now days .

the category is associated with the chevaliers distinguished by a special deserts , whose ascendants by women line belonged to a noble families , or without the noble origin .

welcome to the world ' s largest marketplace for fine art , antiques & collectibles .

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these are 14 kt gold plated , 925 sterling as well as bronze plating .

official name abbaye de la clarté - dieu ( dem . rep . congo )


oenomaus ortygnus , the aquamarine hairstreak , is a species of butterfly of the lycaenidae family .

it is found from brazil through central america to tamaulipas , mexico .

rare strays may be found up to southern texas .

the habitat consists of low elevation wet and dry tropical forests .

the wingspan is 30 – 38 mm .

the upperside is blue with black borders and the underside is gray with a pink sheen .

there are no submarginal or postmedian lines .

there are three or four black spots on the hindwings .

adults are on wing from january to november in mexico .

the larvae feed on annona species .

they bore into and feed upon the buds , flowers and fruits of their host plant .

oenomaus ortygnus

oenomaus ortygnus <EOT> new host plant records for oenomaus ortygnus ( cramer ) ( lepidoptera : lycaenidae ) in mexico .

new host plant records for oenomaus ortygnus ( cramer ) ( lepidoptera : lycaenidae ) in mexico . - pubmed - ncbi

this is the first record of oenomaus ortygnus ( cramer ) damaging fruits of ilama ( annona diversifolia ) and extends the butterfly distribution for three states in mexico .

oenomaus ortygnus ; [ nacl ] , # 4294 ; [ bow ] : pl . 67 , f . 20 ; [ opler ] ; [ nl4a ] , # 880

calvo r ( 1998 ) reproducción de oenomaus ortygnus ( lepidoptera : lyacaenidae ) en barva , heredia , costa rica . rev biol trop 46 : 101 - 104 . [ links ]

oenomaus isabellae faynel , 2006 ; bull . soc . ent . fr . 111 ( 2 ) : ( 137 - 156 ) ; tl : french guiana

faynel c ( 2006 ) le genre oenomaus hübner , 1819 , en guyane française ( lepidoptera , lycaenidae ) . bull soc entomol fr 111 : 137 - 156 . [ links ]

fennah rg ( 1937 ) lepidopterous pests of the sour - sop in trinidad . ( 2 ) thecla ortygnus cramer . trop agric 14 : 244 - 245 . [ links ]

faynel c ( 2008 ) le genre oenomaus hübner , 1819 , en guyane française . 2 e partie ( lepidoptera , lycaenidae ) . bull soc entomol fr 113 : 15 - 32 . [ links ]

peña & bennett ( 1995 ) reported 296 species of neotropical insects associated with annona ( annonaceae ) , among them , the borers , such as bephratelloides cubensis ( ashmead ) ( hymenoptera : eurytomidae ) , cerconota anonella ( sepp ) ( lepidoptera : elachistidae ) , and oenomaus ortygnus ( cramer ) ( lepidoptera : lycaenidae ) , are the main pests causing economically important damages to the crops .

oenomaus ortygnus has been found in 12 states of mexico ( fig 2 ) ( godman & salvin 1887 - 1901 , kendall 1975 , raguso & llorente - bousquets 1990 ) . the report of kendall ( 1975 ) of females ovipositing and larvae feeding on the fruits of annona globiflora schltdl . ( annonaceae ) in ciudad mante , tamaulipas , is the only information available so far for mexico . to update the status of this pest in mexico , we inspected the most important annona growing areas from march 2008 to february 2009 .

all fruits of a . reticulata and a . diversifolia attacked by o . ortygnus showed necrosis ( fig 1a ) . larvae are usually found under the dead tissue ( fig 1b ) , feeding on the fruit pulp . one to five larvae may be found per fruit . in the laboratory pupation occurred on the external surface of the fruit ( fig 1c ) as observed by calvo ( 1998 ) with a population of o . ortygnus at the estación experimental santa lúcia , barva , heredia , costa rica .

five fruits of annona reticulata l . that showed damage by o . ortygnus were collected in march 2008 in tepalcingo , morelos ( 18º35 ' n , 98º50 ' w , elevation 1169 m ) . six fruits of a . diversifolia safford with the same damages were found in september 2008 in cacahuamilapa , guerrero ( 18º40 ' n , 99º30 ' w , elevation 1163 m ) . three fruits of a . reticulata were attacked by o . ortygnus in february 2009 in zacapala , puebla ( 18º35 ' n , 98º03 ' w , elevation 1254 m ) . collected fruits were placed in plastic containers ( 40 x 21 x 12 cm ) and covered with cheesecloth so that adults could not escape . the samples were incubated at 26 ± 1ºc and relative humidity of 50 % . five adults of o . ortygnus , from larvae reared on these fruits , emerged in the lab .

the present report increases the knowledge about o . ortygnus in two ways : it adds a new record of annona as larval host plant and extends the known distribution of the butterfly for the morelos state in mexico . adults were deposited in the fruit pest collection at fundación salvador sánchez colín cictamex , s . c . , coatepec harinas , estado de méxico , méxico .

although the presence of o . ortygnus has been often noticed on bullock heart ( a . reticulata l . ) , soursop ( a . muricata l . ) and cherimola ( a . cherimola mill . ) ( domínguez - gil 1978 , calvo 1998 , coto & saunders 2001 , beccaloni et al 2008 ) , we found no evidence that this butterfly damaged soursop and cherimola in our surveys . we visited orchards in las varas , nayarit ( 21º11 ' n , 105º08 ' w , elevation 40 m ) and coatepec harinas , estado de méxico ( 18º45 ' n , 99º45 ' w , elevation 2119 m ) in july , august , and november 2008 , other insect pests were recorded attacking a . muricata as b . cubensis and talponia batesi heinrich ( lepidoptera : tortricidae ) on cherimola , respectively .

the authors acknowledge dr . robert k . robbins ( national museum of natural history , smithsonian institution ) for important comments , corrections , and for reviewing the manuscript . for sharing with us information on the geographical distribution of o . ortygnus in mexico , we thank dr . jorge llorente - bousquets , dr . moisés armando luis - martínez , dr . isabel vargas - fernández ( museo de zoología " alfonso l . herrera " , departamento de biología evolutiva , facultad de ciencias , universidad nacional autónoma de méxico ) , and dr . robert k . robbins . for financial support , md thanks fundação de amparo à pesquisa do estado de são paulo / fapesp ( as part of the project " systematics , bionomy , and evolution of neotropical lepidoptera  process number 02 / 13898 - 0 ) and pró - reitoria de pesquisa of the universidade de são paulo / usp / projeto 1 and m . sc . jorge váldez - carrasco for helping with the illustrations . thanks also to anonymous reviewers for valuable comments .

upperside blue with black borders . underside gray with a pink sheen ; no submarginal or postmedian lines . hindwing has 3 or 4 black spots .

eggs are laid singly on the host plant ; caterpillars bore into and feed upon the buds , flowers and fruits .

january - november in mexico , strayed to south texas in mid - december .

brazil north through central america to tamaulipas , mexico . rare stray to south texas .

g4 - apparently secure globally , though it might be quite rare in parts of its range , especially at the periphery .

s . texas , mexico - brazil , surinam , trinidad . see [ maps ]

panama - brazil ( pará , rio de janeiro ) . see [ maps ]

thecla geba hewitson , 1877 ; ill . diurn . lep . lycaenidae ( 7 ) : 198 , pl . 79 , f . 641 - 642 ; tl : ecuador

thecla atena hewitson , 1867 ; ill . diurn . lep . lycaenidae ( 3 ) : 92 , pl . 36 , f . 93 , pl . 37 , f . 101 ; tl : brazil , amazon

e - mail : jshuey at tnc . org ; director of conservation science ; indiana office of the nature conservancy ;

butterflies of north america . 2 . scientific names list for butterfly species of north america , north of mexico .

[ maps ] warning ! the maps are automatically generated from the textual information , and the process does not always produce acceptable result ; see about maps for more info .

if you have corrections , comments or information to add into these pages , just send mail to markku savela keep in mind that the taxonomic information is copied from various sources , and may include many inaccuracies . expert help is welcome .

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upcoming events 2018 bugguide gathering in virginia july 27 - 29 : registration and discussion photos of insects and people from the 2015 gathering in wisconsin , july 10 - 12 photos of insects and people from the 2014 gathering in virginia , june 4 - 7 . photos of insects and people from the 2013 gathering in arizona , july 25 - 28 photos of insects and people from the 2012 gathering in alabama photos of insects and people from the 2011 gathering in iowa photos from the 2010 workshop in grinnell , iowa photos from the 2009 gathering in washington

upperside iridescent greenish - blue with black borders in males ; pale blue in females . underside gray with an aquamarine band along the trailing edge of the hindwing . hindwing has 3 or 4 black spots .

very rare vagrant in the lower rio grande valley of southernmost texas ; normally found from tamaulipas , mexico south to brazil .

adults are nectar feeders ; us records have mostly been on eupatorium betonicifolium . caterpillars found on plants in the genus annona ; no known host plants or documented reproduction in the us .

most recent us record was november 5 2005 , at bentsen - rio grande valley state park . prior to that , november 22 2003 at the naba international butterfly park . two individuals were seen and one collected in brownsville in december 1962 .

wauer , roland h . " butterflies of the lower rio grande valley " boulder co : johnson books , 2004 .

disclaimer : dedicated naturalists volunteer their time and resources here to provide this service . we strive to provide accurate information , but we are mostly just amateurs attempting to make sense of a diverse natural world . if you need expert professional advice , contact your local extension office .

contributors own the copyright to and are solely responsible for contributed content . click the contributor ' s name for licensing and usage information . everything else copyright © 2003 - 2018 iowa state university , unless otherwise noted .

naba checklist of north american butterflies occurring north of mexico - edition 2 . 3

[ cite : 1318989 this link is a list of just the names including typo corrections , additions and updates to the following checklist : cassie , b . , j . glassberg , a . swengel & g . tudor . 2001 . north american butterfly association ( naba ) checklist & english names of north american butterflies . second edition . north american butterfly association , morristown , nj . " the second edition of the checklist includes all 722 species of butterflies that have been recorded in north american , north of mexico and in hawaii , giving both english and scientific names . "

a catalogue of the butterflies of the united states and canada - - by jonathan p . pelham

taxonomic checklist used on bugguide for butterflies - - does not seem to have a link , so here it is . link updated 16 october 2016 as per comments .

a downloadable pdf file with extensive data on habitats , hostplants , flight dates , and range in the carolinas . you must give an e - mail address to reach the download - - the authors want to inform you of updates . ( this is produced by the north carolina wildlife resources commission , a state agency . ) ( i thought i had posted this before , but cannot find it . )

sammlung europäischer schmetterlinge , errichtet von jacob hübner in augsburg ( 1793–1841 ) : updated plates legend .

seachable database with information on the general classification and the diet and feeding behaviour of the orders of insects and arachnids found in canada’s forest environments . cite : 1463600

an invaluable site for synonyms , links to original descriptions , literature , and other information . covers the entire world , but tends to have more complete information for european and north american species . a great place to begin literature searches . cite : 1329955

the best online resource for moths of great britain and ireland . cite : 1329952

publisher ' s page glassberg , j . 2018 . a swift guide to butterflies of mexico and central america , second edition . princeton university press , princeton , nj . 304 pp . 3 , 250 color photos and maps a groundbreaking photographic field guide to almost all of mexico ' s butterfly species and many of central america ' s this is a revised second edition of a groundbreaking photographic field guide to the butterflies of mexico and central america . written by jeffrey glassberg , the pioneering authority on the field identification of butterflies , the guide covers more than 2 , 000 species and features over 3 , 700 large , gorgeous color photographs , the very best images available , accompanied by authoritative facing - page text . this second edition includes more species , more than 1 , 500 new photos , and updated text , maps , and species names . and range maps , field marks , and host plants are included for all mexican butterflies . the result is an ideal field guide that will enable you to identify almost every butterfly you see .

a systematic revision of some of the american butterflies , with brief notes on those known to occur in essex co . , massachusetts .

full text scudder , s . h . 1872 . a systematic revision of some of the american butterflies , with brief notes on those known to occur in essex county , massachusetts . annual report . peabody academy of science 4 : 24 - 83 .

by kendall , r . o . , & w . w . mcguire .

full pdf kendall , r . o . , & w . w . mcguire . 1984 . some new and rare records of lepidoptera found in texas . bulletin of the allyn museum 86 : 1 - 50 . introduction some of the records treated here have appeared in the lepidopterists ' news ( season summary ) and others in the southern lepidopterists ' news . for historical and biological abstracting purposes they are formalized in this paper , together with appropriate credits and reference citations . it will be noted that these particular species , except for staphylus azteca ( scudder ) and atrytone mazai freeman ( oversightsl , were not included in the 1981 miller and brown catalogue / checklist because their original appearance in the literature was not in a formal publication .

texas parks & wildlife department , austin . mimeograph pp . 1 - 22 . , 1974

mcguire , w . w . & m . a . richard . 1974 . an annotated checklist of the butterflies of bentsen - rio grande valley state park and vicinity . texas parks & wildlife department , austin . mimeograph pp . 1 - 22 .

the species listed here in are primarily a result of the collecting by the authors during the period 1972 - 1973 . certain important records of the previous several years are also included . additionally , the checklist incorporates records of a number of other lepidopterists . the primary focus of the checklist , then , is upon recent collecting , rather than being an attempt to list all known records from the mid - valley area .

durden , c . j . 1990 . guide to butterflies of austin . texola 6 : 1 - 109 . invaluable resource for information on austin ' s butterflies . see : travis county butterfly checklist

journal of the lepidopterists ' society 36 ( 1 ) : 1 - 17 . , 1982

full pdf durden , c . j . 1982 . the butterfly fauna of barton creek canyon on the balcones fault zone , austin , texas , and a regional list . journal of the lepidopterists ' society 36 ( 1 ) : 1 - 17 . abstract . diversity of substrate , topography and water supply , and climate and vegetation account for the occurrence of 74 % of the regional fauna along a 1 . 1 km stretch of barton creek . monthly mean weather records for 40 years are analyzed on a bioclimagram and the modes matched with habitat types . 172 species are listed for the ten counties around austin , and range , habitat , abundance , and residency are indicated for the 127 found at the study site .

journal of the lepidopterists ' society , 52 ( 3 ) : 229 - 261 . , 1998

full pdf gaskin , d . e . 1998 . butterflies of the upper frio - sabinal region , central texas , and distribution of fauna elements across the edwards plateau . journal of the lepidopterists ' society , 52 ( 3 ) : 229 - 261 . abstract . a survey of the butterfly fauna ( 1988 - 96 ) of the upper frio - sabinal region of the southern edwards plateau , texas , is presented . butterflies were observed along transects at five study sites and during repeated opportunistic transects at 12 secondary localities . a total of 28 , 03 . 5 specimens , comprising 100 species was recorded .

geyata ajilvsgi . 1990 . butterfly gardening in the south : cultivating plants that attract butterflies . taylor publishing co . , dallas . xii + 342 pp . = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = select quotes from miller ' s review ( full pdf ) : novice and master gardeners in the southern u . s . , particularly in the rio grande valley , texas , have an extraordinary treat in store with this volume . there are special sections of the book devoted to creating a personal butterfly garden and to methods of attracting butterflies , highlighted by personal observations on such topics as the important characteristics of floral nectaries ( color , shape and fragrance ) and how to choose the appropriate plants , with one of my favorites - adopt a weed .

warning : the ncbi web site requires javascript to function . more . . .

castañeda - vildózola a 1 , nava - díaz c , duarte m , franco - mora o , hernández - fuentes lm .

centro de investigación y estudios avanzados en fitomejoramiento , facultad de ciencias agrícolas , campus el cerrillo , universidad autónoma del estado de méxico , toluca , estado de méxico , méxico . acastanedav @ urltoken

neotrop . entomol . vol . 40 no . 4 londrina july / aug . 2011

beccaloni gw , viloria al , hall sk , robinson gs ( 2008 ) catalogue of the hostplants of the neotropical butterflies . catálogo de las plantas huésped de las mariposas neotropicales . zaragoza , sociedad entomológica aragonesa vol . 8 , 536p . [ links ]

clench hk ( 1964 ) a new hairstreak for the united states . j lepid soc 18 : 189 - 190 . [ links ]

coto d , saunders jl ( 2001 ) insectos plaga de la guanabana ( annona muricata ) en costa rica . man integr plagas 61 : 60 - 68 . [ links ]

domínguez - gil oe ( 1978 ) insectos perjudiciales del guanábano ( annona muricata l . ) en el estado zulia , venezuela . rev fac agron ( luz ) 4 : 149 - 163 . [ links ]

godman fd , salvin o ( 1887 - 1901 ) biologia centrali - americana . insecta . lepidoptera - rhopalocera . fam . lycaenidae 2 : 1 - 112 . [ links ]

janick j , paull re ( 2008 ) the encyclopedia of fruit and nuts . cambridge , cabi publishing , 800p . [ links ]

kendall o ( 1975 ) larval foodplants for seven species of hairstreaks ( lycaenidae ) from mexico . bull allyn mus 24 : 1 - 4 . [ links ]

opler pa , lotts k , naberhaus j ( 2010 ) butterflies and moths of north america . ( urltoken ) , accessed on 11 . ix . 2010 . [ links ]

peña je , bennett fd ( 1995 ) arthropods associated with annona spp . in the neotropics . fla entomol 78 : 329 - 349 . [ links ]

raguso ra , llorente - bousquets je ( 1990 ) the butterflies ( lepidoptera ) of the tuxtlas mts . , veracruz , mexico , revisited : species - richness and habitat disturbance . j res lepid 29 : 105 - 133 . [ links ]

sociedade entomológica do brasil r . harry prochet , 55 86047 - 040 londrina pr brasil tel . : ( 55 43 ) 3342 3987 editor @ urltoken


gnorimoschema aterrimum is a moth in the gelechiidae family .

it was described by powell and povolný in 2001 .

it is found in north america , where it has been recorded from california .

the length of the forewings is about 5.1 mm .

the forewings are covered by blackish scales with paler bases without a pattern .

the tornal margin has a mixture of dense cinereous scales tinged with faint ochreous , extending towards the apex .

the hindwings are nearly translucent , thinly blackish dusted , paler and partly lustrous basally .

the larvae feed on solidago canadensis .

they mine the leaves , creating a full-depth blotch mine .

gnorimoschema aterrimum

gnorimoschema aterrimum <EOT> this is the place for aterrimum definition . you find here aterrimum meaning , synonyms of aterrimum and images for aterrimum copyright 2017 © urltoken

here you will find one or more explanations in english for the word aterrimum . also in the bottom left of the page several parts of wikipedia pages related to the word aterrimum and , of course , aterrimum synonyms and on the right images related to the word aterrimum .

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reed , 1930 griswold , t . , and j . s . ascher . . .


the siamese fireback ( lophura diardi ) also known as diard 's fireback is a fairly large , approximately 80 cm long , pheasant .

the male has a grey plumage with an extensive red facial skin , crimson legs and feet , ornamental black crest feathers , reddish brown iris and long curved blackish tail .

the female is a brown bird with blackish wing and tail feathers .

the siamese fireback is distributed to the lowland and evergreen forests of cambodia , laos , thailand and vietnam in southeast asia .

this species is also designated as the national bird of thailand .

the female usually lays between four and eight rosy eggs .

the scientific name commemorates the french naturalist pierre-médard diard .

siamese fireback

siamese fireback <EOT> embed this arkive thumbnail link ( " portlet " ) by copying and pasting the code below . < a href = " urltoken " title = " arkive species - siamese fireback ( lophura diardi ) " > < img src = " urltoken " alt = " arkive species - siamese fireback ( lophura diardi ) " title = " arkive species - siamese fireback ( lophura diardi ) " border = " 0 " / > < / a >

the siamese fireback is currently known to occur in just two protected areas , nam bai cat tien national park in vietnam and xe pian national protected area in laos ( 4 ) .

: fireback hens , despite not being colorful , their unique markings make them more attractive than other pheasant hens . the siamese fireback hen has no crest , her facial wattles are smaller than the male ' s , but just as bright . the head , throat , chin and neck are grayish - brown ; the upper back and upper breast are bright chestnut . the lower back , wings and tail are chestnut , vermiculated with white and black . the bill is dark gray and the legs and feet are red .

: this species was once readily available in america , but has somewhat declined over the last 15 years . they do best in a large planted aviary with lots of shade to simulate the forests for which they naturally inhabit . siamese fireback will require good shelter and heat during the colder months in northern climates . provide the birds with plenty of green food and mealworms .

mcgowan , p . j . k . & kirwan , g . m . ( 2018 ) . siamese fireback ( lophura diardi ) . in : del hoyo , j . , elliott , a . , sargatal , j . , christie , d . a . & de juana , e . ( eds . ) . handbook of the birds of the world alive . lynx edicions , barcelona . ( retrieved from urltoken on 9 july 2018 ) .

the siamese fireback is threatened by habitat loss and overexploitation for food and sport ( 4 ) . although this pheasant seems to tolerate considerable degradation of its forest habitat , extensive lowland forest destruction within its range is a concern for this lowland specialist ( 4 ) ( 5 ) . numbers have greatly declined during the past half century and its range has contracted , partly due to habitat changes , but probably more markedly due to excessive hunting and snaring ( 5 ) ( 6 ) .

a lowland resident of evergreen , semi - evergreen and bamboo forest , second - growth and scrub , often seen near open patches such as roads and tracks through the forest . chiefly found below 500 m above sea level , but occasionally up to 800 m , and perhaps even 1 , 150 m ( 4 ) ( 5 ) . the siamese fireback appears to tolerate some degradation of its forest habitat , such as moderate logging and cultivated fields in small clearings ( 5 ) ( 6 ) .

the siamese fireback is thought to be omnivorous , feeding on an array of fallen fruits and berries , as well as insects , worms and small land - crabs ( 4 ) . little information is available on the breeding behaviour of this shy bird in the wild , other than that eggs have been collected between mid - april and late june , and that one nest was situated on the ground in a hollow at the base of a tree . clutches seem to contain between four and eight eggs , and are incubated for 24 to 25 days in captivity ( 4 ) . males attain adult plumage in their first year but do not typically breed until their third ( 3 ) . like other

: very beautiful bird that will attain its adult plumage the first year . the crest is long and made up of purple - black feathers . the facial wattles are bright red , the throat , head and face behind the wattles are black . the breast , neck and upper back is gray with very fine vermiculations . the middle of the back is bright yellow ( hence the name " fireback " ) , the lower back is metallic blue with chestnut fringes . the tail is long and curved with metallic black , blue and green sheens . the wings are gray with black and white streaks ; the belly and lower areas are black . the bill is yellow , legs and feet red . like other species of

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thank you for taking the time to provide feedback on the iucn red list of threatened species website , we are grateful for your input .

del hoyo , j . , collar , n . j . , christie , d . a . , elliott , a . and fishpool , l . d . c . 2014 . hbw and birdlife international illustrated checklist of the birds of the world . volume 1 : non - passerines . lynx edicions birdlife international , barcelona , spain and cambridge , uk .

60 - 80 cm . male is a slender grey pheasant with an irridescent green ( can appear black ) tail . long red legs and facial skin . prominent coronal tuft . female lacks crest , has a rufous mantle and underparts and banded wings and tail .

this species is listed as least concern as it is more resilient to the threats of habitat alteration and hunting pressure than once thought , thus the rate of population decline is not suspected to be as rapid as was indicated . as habitat loss and hunting are ongoing threats , the population is suspected to be undergoing a slow to moderate decline ; however , this is not thought to approach the threshold for vulnerable . the species is not thought to approach the thresholds for vulnerable under any of the other criteria .

lophura diardi is found in thailand ( uncommon to locally common resident , principally in the north - east and south - east , c . 5 , 000 individuals estimated ) , laos ( widespread and locally abundant , but heavily snared ) , cambodia ( locally common and widespread ) and vietnam ( locally common and widespread in central and southern regions ) . its total population size has not been recently estimated , although the population in cambodia may be conservatively estimated at c . 2 , 000 individuals ( f . goes in litt . 2011 ) . the species is suspected to be undergoing a slow to moderate decline owing to continued habitat loss and hunting pressure .

the total population is suspected to number 20 , 000 - 49 , 999 individuals based on a conservative estimate of c . 2 , 000 individuals in cambodia ( f . goes

2011 ) and an estimate of c . 5 , 000 individuals in thailand .

this species is suspected to be experiencing a slow to moderate population decline owing to continued habitat loss and degradation and on - going hunting pressure .

it occurs in evergreen , semi - evergreen and bamboo forest , secondary growth and scrub , often near roads and tracks through the forest , chiefly in the plains and foothills to 500 m , but occasionally up to 800 m , and perhaps 1 , 150 m . it seems able to tolerate considerable degradation of its forest habitat . the species occurs in small groups which are presumed to be family parties .

the species occurs in a number of protected areas , however they often provide only limited protection against hunting and logging activities ( s . mahood

increase the existing protected area network . support governments in their efforts to control illegal logging in south - east asia . determine the current global population size and trend . support efforts to tackle the issue of hunting inside protected areas .

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little information is available on the breeding behaviour of this shy bird in the wild , other than that eggs have been collected between mid - april and late june , and that one nest was situated on the ground in a hollow at the base of a tree . clutches seem to contain between four and eight eggs , and are incubated for 24 to 25 days in captivity ( 4 ) . males attain adult plumage in their first year but do not typically breed until their third ( 3 ) . like other lophura pheasants , males of this species perform courtship displays in which they whistle and whirr their wings ( 2 ) .

found in southeast asia , from east myanmar , through north , central and east thailand , central and south laos , north and central cambodia to central vietnam ( 4 ) .

classified as near threatened ( nt ) on the iucn red list 2006 ( 1 ) .

del hoyo , j . , elliott , a . & sargatal , j . ( 1994 ) handbook of the birds of the world - new world vultures to guineafowl . vol . 2 . lynx edicions , barcelona .

this information is awaiting authentication by a species expert , and will be updated as soon as possible . if you are able to help please contact : arkive @ urltoken

omnivore an organism that feeds on both plants and animals . vermiculations wormlike ; often used to describe fine , wavy lines of colour on bird feathers . wattle bare fleshy skin that hangs from the bill , throat or eye of birds .

delacour , j . ( 1951 ) the pheasants of the world . country life ltd . , london .

del hoyo , j . , elliott , a . and sargatal , j . ( 1994 ) handbook of the birds of the world - new world vultures to guineafowl . vol . 2 . lynx edicions , barcelona .

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has alternatively been placed in genus diardigallus , but recent genetic work found no evidence that lophura as currently constituted is polyphyletic # r . the same work identified five clades within lophura , one of which consists of present species and l . ignita ( with l . rufa ) # r . monotypic .

e myanmar through n , c & se thailand , c & s laos and n & c cambodia to c & s vietnam .

male c . 80 cm ( tail 33–36 cm ) , one bird 1420 g ; female c . 60 cm ( tail 22–26 cm ) , 680–1025 g . male distinctive , with mostly grey upperparts , large wattles . . .

male gives loud whistling call in advertisement and a repeated “pee - yu pee - yu” ; male . . .

a lowland forest resident . in thailand and laos , inhabits primary and secondary evergreen forest , . . .

believed to be omnivorous , feeding on a variety of fallen fruits and berries , and also insects , worms , small land crabs , etc . also claimed . . .

mating system apparently polygamous , with dominant male largely monopolizing proximity , and therefore access to all the females in a group . . .

not globally threatened ( least concern ) . previously considered near threatened . mace lande : vulnerable . based on a recent population estimate for whole of thailand of c . 5000 . . .

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includes , in tetraonini , all taxa that have commonly been separated in families meleagrididae and tetraonidae .

broad molecular study of phasianidae found that lophura forms , together with crossoptilon , one branch of a subclade that also comprises pucrasia , syrmaticus , chrysolophus and phasianus # r .

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this map displays aggregated data from ibc and my birding ( anonymously ) ; markers do not indicate precise localities .

recommended citation birdlife international ( 2018 ) species factsheet : lophura diardi . downloaded from urltoken on 09 / 07 / 2018 . recommended citation for factsheets for more than one species : birdlife international ( 2018 ) iucn red list for birds . downloaded from urltoken on 09 / 07 / 2018 .

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kari pihlaviita marked the finnish common name " savufasaani " from " lophura diardi ( bonaparte , 1856 ) " as trusted .

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: very dense forests , bamboo and evergreen from sea - level to 2 , 000 feet .

, they can grow fairly long spurs that the keeper will need to keep trimmed to prevent injuries to the hen when breeding .

: not much is known of this specie ' s status in the wild , but with rapid deforestation in its native lands , its outlook can not be good .

the species is named for the french naturalist & explorer pierre - medard diard ( 1794 - 1863 ) by ornithologist charles lucien bonaparte who first described the species 1856 .

: third year , but i ' ve heard from those who have had some second year males that were fertile . males will attain adult plumage the first year , but will have smaller tails than mature birds .

( l to r ) : 1 , jan harteman ; 2 , myles lamont ; 3 , mel royal .

. 2nd ed . , world pheasant association and spur publications , hindhead , u . k .

robson , c . 2002 . birds of thailand . princeton university press , princeton , nj .

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pseudohermenias abietana is a species of moth of the tortricidae family .

it is found from fennoscandia and northern russia to the pyrenees , sardinia and italy and from france to romania .

the wingspan is 14 – 18 mm .

adults are on wing from may to july in one generation per year .

the larvae feed on abies alba and picea abies species .

they mine the needles of their host plant .

current year 's needles are mined out from a silken tube attached to a twig .

most frass is ejected into the tube .

older larvae vacate the mine and live freely , feeding among spun needles .

the larvae are brownish with a shining black head .

the species overwinters in the larval stage .

pseudohermenias abietana

pseudohermenias abietana <EOT> figure 1 . type material of the tortricidae described by fabricius . a : pyralis abbreviana , b : p . abietana , c : p . abildgaardana , d : p . boscana , e : p . laterana , f : p . lundana , g : p . m i x t a n a , h : p . pflugiana , i : tinea compositella , j : p . daldorfana , k : p . schumacherana , l : p . ro b o r a n a , m : p . bipunctana , n : p . trapezana , o : p . reticulana , p : p . asperana , q : p . isertana , r : p . rivellana , s : p . dorsana , t : p . strigana . scale bars = 5 mm .

blå punkter visar fynd registrerade i artportalen och övriga databaser anslutna till lifewatch . kan innehålla observationer som inte är validerade . kartan uppdateras var fjärde vecka .

i det avancerade verktyget kan man söka ut och få fram artlistor , t ex arter i ett visst län , i en viss biotop , substrat , som påverkas av en hotfaktor , eller som är knutna till en sk värdart , t ex trädet alm . dessa kan även kombineras .

söka fram arter som är rödlistade , knutna till alm , är beroende av död ved och som finns i kronobergs län .

söka fram arter som är rödlistade , lever i småvatten och som påverkas negativt av igenväxning .

defaultläget i verktyget är arter som är rödlistade 2015 och dessa är klassade på samtliga sökfaktorer . under fliken rödlistekategori kan man dock välja att även inkludera arter som inte är rödlistade . om man väljer att inkludera icke rödlistade arter behöver man vara medveten om att samtliga arter inte är klassade på samtliga faktorer . nedan en sammanställning av vad som är komplett .

denna funktion används när du vill skapa din egen lista av arter att hantera . du kan t . ex . navigera mellan arterna i listan genom att klicka på deras namn . du kan också välja att använda knappen ”jämför arter” för att se bilder , kartor och kännetecken i en jämförelsevy .

du kan komponera ditt eget urval av arter genom att klicka dig fram via släktträdet och där välja arter eller artgrupper till din lista . ett annat sätt att göra ditt urval är att använda fliken ”filtrera” , där du kan söka på olika egenskaper . ovanför listan med sökresultatet finns en knapp ”lägg i mitt urval” .

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copyright ( c ) 2009–2015 permission is hereby granted , free of charge , to any person obtaining a copy of this software and associated documentation files ( the " software " ) , to deal in the software without restriction , including without limitation the rights to use , copy , modify , merge , publish , distribute , sublicense , and / or sell copies of the software , and to permit persons to whom the software is furnished to do so , subject to the following conditions : the above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in all copies or substantial portions of the software . the software is provided " as is " , without warranty of any kind , express or implied , including but not limited to the warranties of merchantability , fitness for a particular purpose and noninfringement . in no event shall the authors or copyright holders be liable for any claim , damages or other liability , whether in an action of contract , tort or otherwise , arising from , out of or in connection with the software or the use or other dealings in the software .

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baixeras , joaquín & karsholt , ole , 2011 , the tortricidae described by j . c . fabricius ( lepidoptera ) , zootaxa 3127 , pp . 1 - 37 : 3

type locality . sweden ( “habitat in suecia abiete dom . de paykull” ) .

) ( karsholt and nielsen 1976 ) . remarks . the lectotype was designated by karsholt and nielsen ( 1976 ) .

no known copyright restrictions apply . see agosti , d . , egloff , w . , 2009 . taxonomic information exchange and copyright : the plazi approach . bmc research notes 2009 , 2 : 53 for further explanation .