the bigeye shiner ( notropis boops ) is a species of ray-finned fish in the genus notropis .

this fish is a slender , slivery minnow with a dusky lateral stripe and a maximum total length of about 80 mm .

its distinct characteristic is its large-diameter eyes .

it is a common species in upland streams of the middle mississippi river system .

bigeye shiners prefer warm , quiet pools with clear water and silt-free substrates .

siltation , channelization , and gravel dredging are all threats to bigeye shiner populations .

during spawning season , typically late april to august , bigeye shiners have several clutches of eggs .

state agencies and the epa have both played a role in the surveying of bigeye shiner populations .

populations have decreased in ohio due mostly to habitat destruction .

in addition to habitat destruction by humans , habitat alteration of the small streams and dried pools has also had a significant effect on abundance .

rivers and streams should not be channelized or modified in any way , which is becoming an increasingly popular trend in urban locations .

agricultural areas and properties within the watershed should adhere to regulations to prevent runoff into the streams .

bigeye shiner

bigeye shiner <EOT> there are 19 endangered fish species in illinois : lake sturgeon , western sand darter , bluebreast darter , harlequin darter , cypress minnow , bigeye chub , pallid shiner , northern brook lamprey , redspotted sunfish , sturgeon chub , greater redhorse , river chub , pugnose shiner , bigeye shiner , blacknose shiner , taillight shiner , weed shiner , northern madtom , and pallid sturgeon . the pallid sturgeon is also listed as federally endangered . an additional twelve fish species are threatened : eastern sand darter , longnose sucker , cisco , gravel chub , iowa darter , banded killifish , starhead topminnow , least brook lamprey , bantam sunfish , river redhorse , ironcolor shiner , and blackchin shiner . nine species have become extirpated ( extinct from illinois ) .

in chapter 1 , i studied the relationship between bigeye shiner populations and variables of habitat patches within the stream , and the land adjacent to the stream ( the riparian zone ) . this work was done in brier creek , a small stream in southern oklahoma . results showed that the number of shiners in a pool was best predicted by habitat variables of the riffle just upstream from a pool . these riffle variables also determined the amount of insect larva drifting from riffles into downstream pools at night , which in turn predicted shiner feeding success . body condition of shiners was best predicted by feeding success . these results illustrate the importance of upstream riffles to the pool - dwelling bigeye shiner , and provide an example of how feeding habits can lead to importance of patch context for a species . when animals consume resources originating in other habitats and " imported " into their occupied patch , connections among habitat patches are important to the species ' survival .

in chapter 3 , i asked if feeding habits of different fish species determined their dependence on insects entering the stream from the riparian zone ( terrestrial insects ) . using experimental streams , i excluded these insects from half of the experimental units for each fish species , and examined differences in fish diet and body fat . under terrestrial insect exclusion , diet and body fat of the bottom - feeding orangethroat darter were unchanged . bigeye shiner switched their diet from terrestrial insects to aquatic resources , but body fat levels did not change . blackstripe topminnow also switched their diet away from terrestrial insects , but , unlike bigeye shiner , body fat levels decreased when terrestrial insects were unavailable . these results indicate that reducing movement of trophic resources from one habitat to another affects different species in different ways , and that the feeding habits of species may help predict this response . this result is important in light of human landscape modification , which often alters the amount of insects moving into streams from the surrounding landscape . ( abstract shortened by umi . )

in my dissertation research , i investigated the manner in which trophic ecology links organisms to different habitats within the landscape . i studied three species : the orangethroat darter ( etheostoma spectabile ) , a fish that lives on the stream bottom and feeds on insect larva and other invertebrates ; the bigeye shiner ( notropis boops ) , a minnow that swims in the middle of the water column and feeds on insect larva drifting downstream and terrestrial insects falling into the stream , and the blackstripe topminnow ( fundulus notatus ) , which swims just below the water ' s surface and feeds on insects falling into the stream from streamside vegetation .

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thank you for taking the time to provide feedback on the iucn red list of threatened species website , we are grateful for your input .

justification : this species is listed as least concern in view of the large extent of occurrence , large number of subpopulations , large population size , and lack of major threats . trend over the past 10 years or three generations is uncertain but probably relatively stable , or the species may be declining but not fast enough to qualify for any of the threatened categories under criterion a ( reduction in population size ) .

lake erie drainage , northwestern ohio ; middle mississippi river basin from central ohio to eastern kansas , south to southern oklahoma , northern louisiana , and northern alabama ; confined mainly to uplands ; common , abundant in ozark - ouachita drainages ; absent from most of former mississippi embayment ; extirpated in many northern localities , including most of ohio and illinois ( page and burr 1991 , lee et al . 1980 ) .

this species is represented by a large number of subpopulations and locations . total adult population size is unknown but relatively large . trend over the past 10 years or three generations is uncertain but likely to be relatively stable or slowly declining .

flowing pools of moderately clear creeks and small to medium rivers with large permanent pools over bottom of clear sand , gravel , or rock ( lee et al . 1980 , page and burr 1991 ) . often at stream margin in beds of emergent vegetation ( smith 1979 ) .

localized threats exist , but on a range - wide scale no major threats are known . decline in north is due to siltation , increased turbidity , and impoundment ( herkert 1992 ) .

currently , this species is of relatively low conservation concern and does not require significant additional protection or major management , monitoring , or research action .

to make use of this information , please check the < terms of use > .

a misnomer given by rafinesque to shriveled specimens , with the meaning of " back keel " ; from greek , noton = back ( ref . 45335 )

from the words bo , meaning ox ; and ops , eye ( referring to the extremely large eye ) ( ref . 10294 )

north america : lake erie drainage in northwestern ohio , usa ; mississippi river basin from central ohio to eastern kansas and south to northern alabama , northern louisiana and southern oklahoma in the usa .

maturity : l m ? range ? - ? cm max length : 9 . 0 cm tl male / unsexed ; ( ref . 5723 ) ; common length : 4 . 8 cm tl male / unsexed ; ( ref . 12193 )

inhabits flowing , usually clear and rocky , pools of creeks and small to medium rivers . often found near emergent vegetation along the stream margin ( ref . 5723 , 10294 ) . feeds on surface insects ( ref . 10294 ) .

page , l . m . and b . m . burr , 1991 . a field guide to freshwater fishes of north america north of mexico . houghton mifflin company , boston . 432 p . ( ref . 5723 )

phylogenetic diversity index ( ref . 82805 ) : pd 50 = 0 . 5000 [ uniqueness , from 0 . 5 = low to 2 . 0 = high ] .

bayesian length - weight : a = 0 . 00708 ( 0 . 00318 - 0 . 01574 ) , b = 3 . 08 ( 2 . 90 - 3 . 26 ) , in cm total length , based on lwr estimates for this ( sub ) family - body shape ( ref . 93245 ) .

trophic level ( ref . 69278 ) : 3 . 2 ±0 . 40 se ; based on food items .

resilience ( ref . 69278 ) : high , minimum population doubling time less than 15 months ( preliminary k or fecundity . ) .

vulnerability ( ref . 59153 ) : low vulnerability ( 17 of 100 ) .

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the nonindigenous occurrences section of the nas species profiles has a new structure . the section is now dynamically updated from the nas database to ensure that it contains the most current and accurate information . occurrences are summarized in table 1 , alphabetically by state , with years of earliest and most recent observations , and the tally and names of drainages where the species was observed . the table contains hyperlinks to collections tables of specimens based on the states , years , and drainages selected . references to specimens that were not obtained through sighting reports and personal communications are found through the hyperlink in the table 1 caption or through the individual specimens linked in the collections tables .

trautman ( 1981 ) ; page and burr ( 1991 ) ; etnier and starnes ( 1993 ) ; pflieger ( 1997 ) .

lake erie drainage , northwest ohio ; mississippi river basin from central ohio to eastern kansas and south to northern alabama , northern louisiana , and southern oklahoma ( page and burr 1991 ) .

table 1 . states with nonindigenous occurrences , the earliest and latest observations in each state , and the tally and names of hucs with observations† . names and dates are hyperlinked to their relevant specimen records . the list of references for all nonindigenous occurrences of notropis boops are found here .

probable bait bucket introduction into the gasconade river during the 1950s and subsequent dispersal ( pflieger 1997 ) .

no records exist for this species in tributaries of the missouri river before the 1950s . during the last 30 years it has become abundant and widespread in the gasconade river drainage and other tributaries of the lower missouri ( pflieger 1997 ) .

leo nico , and pam fuller , 2018 , notropis boops gilbert , 1884 : u . s . geological survey , nonindigenous aquatic species database , gainesville , fl , urltoken revision date : 9 / 4 / 2013 , peer review date : 4 / 1 / 2016 , access date : 7 / 9 / 2018

this information is preliminary or provisional and is subject to revision . it is being provided to meet the need for timely best science . the information has not received final approval by the u . s . geological survey ( usgs ) and is provided on the condition that neither the usgs nor the u . s . government shall be held liable for any damages resulting from the authorized or unauthorized use of the information .

the data represented on this site vary in accuracy , scale , completeness , extent of coverage and origin . it is the user ' s responsibility to use these data consistent with their intended purpose and within stated limitations . we highly recommend reviewing metadata files prior to interpreting these data .

citation information : u . s . geological survey . [ 2018 ] . nonindigenous aquatic species database . gainesville , florida . accessed [ 7 / 9 / 2018 ] .

contact us if you are using data from this site for a publication to make sure the data are being used appropriately and for potential co - authorship if warranted . for queries involving fish , please contact pam fuller . for queries involving invertebrates , contact amy benson .

jennifer hammock chose to hide data on " notropis boops gilbert , 1884 " .

eol content is automatically assembled from many different content providers . as a result , from time to time you may find pages on eol that are confusing .

to request an improvement , please leave a comment on the page . thank you !

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boschung , h . t . and mayden , r . l . 2004 . fishes of alabama . smithsonian institution press , washington , d . c .

burr , b . m . and warren , m . l . , jr . 1986 . distributional atlas of kentucky fishes . kentucky nature preserves commission , frankfort , kentucky .

cross , f . b . and collins , j . t . 1995 . fishes in kansas . university of kansas museum of natural history , lawrence , kansas .

douglas , n . h . 1974 . freshwater fishes of louisiana . claitor ' s publishing division , baton rouge , louisiana .

etnier , d . a . and starnes , w . c . 1993 . the fishes of tennessee . university of tennessee press , knoxville , tennessee .

herkert , j . r . ( ed . ) . 1992 . endangered and threatened species of illinois : status and distribution . vol 2 : animals . pp . iv + 142 . illinois endangered species protection board .

iucn . 2013 . iucn red list of threatened species ( ver . 2013 . 1 ) . available at : urltoken . ( accessed : 12 june 2013 ) .

lee , d . s . , gilbert , c . r . , hocutt , c . h . , jenkins , r . e . , mcallister , d . e . and stauffer , j . r . , jr . 1980 . atlas of north american freshwater fishes . north carolina state museum of natural history , raleigh , north carolina .

mettee , m . f . , o ' neil , p . e . and pierson , j . m . 1996 . fishes of alabama and the mobile basin . oxmoor house , birmingham , alabama .

nelson , j . s . , crossman , e . j . , espinosa - perez , h . , findley , l . t . , gilbert , c . r . , lea , r . n . and williams , j . d . 2004 . common and scientific names of fishes from the united states , canada , and mexico . american fisheries society , bethesda , maryland .

page , l . m . and burr , b . m . 1991 . a field guide to freshwater fishes : north america north of mexico . houghton mifflin company , boston , massachusetts .

page , l . m . and burr , b . m . 2011 . peterson field guide to freshwater fishes of north america north of mexico . houghton mifflin harcourt , boston , massachusetts .

pflieger , w . l . 1975 . the fishes of missouri . missouri department of conservation , columbia , missouri .

robins , c . r . , bailey , r . m . , bond , c . e . , brooker , j . r . , lachner , e . a . , lea , r . n . and scott , w . b . 1991 . common and scientific names of fishes from the united states and canada . american fisheries society .

robison , h . w . and buchanan , t . m . 1988 . fishes of arkansas . the university of arkansas press , fayetteville , arkansas .

ross , s . t . and brenneman , w . m . 1991 . distribution of freshwater fishes in mississippi . freshwater fisheries report no . 108 . d - j project completion report f - 69 . mississippi department of wildlife and freshwater fisheries and parks , jackson , mississippi .

smith , p . w . 1979 . the fishes of illinois . university of illinois press , urbana , illinois .

stauffer , j . r . , jr . , boltz , j . m . and white , l . r . 1995 . the fishes of west virginia . proceedings of the academy of natural sciences of philadelphia 146 : 1 - 389 .

trautman , m . b . 1981 . the fishes of ohio . ohio state university press , columbus , ohio .

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in chapter 2 , i studied differences in feeding ecology among populations of orangethroat darters on riffles in brier creek . results showed significant differences among riffles . the number of prey items consumed varied significantly among riffles , but was not affected by darter body size . prey selection varied greatly among riffles , and for four of seven prey items was explained by habitat differences . contrary to theoretical predictions , diet breadth of darters within riffles was not dependent on the abundance of energetically favorable prey , largely due to a lack of selection for these prey items . these results indicate that variation among riffles can have a strong effect on prey use by the orangethroat darter , and that this is an important spatial scale over which to study diet variation in this and similar species .

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click here to study / print these flashcards . create your own flash cards ! sign up here .

ichthyology is the study of fishes . scientists know of about 25 , 000 living fish species in 57 orders and 482 families . the number of species of fishes exceeds all other species of vertebrates combined .

although over 97 % of the surface water on earth is saltwater , about 41 % of all species of fishes live in freshwater . fishes in ponds , lakes and streams become isolated from each other , allowing species to diverge .

illinois has approximately 200 species of fishes in 18 orders . below are some tips to help you identify some of the major groups .

effects of common carp ( cyprinus carpio ) , an exotic fish , on aquatic ecosystems . january - february 2000

the naturalist ' s apprentice : so many fishes ! how can you tell them apart ? . may - june 1999

development of an individual - based model to evaluate growth and survival of walleye . may - june 1999

the round goby : an example of the " perfect " invader ? . november - december 1998

the bighead carp ( hypophthalmicthys nobilis ) in reach 26 of the mississippi river . november - december 1998

hydroacoustics : a tool for understanding fish - habitat associations in rivers . november - december 1997

differences in food consumption and metabolic rates between walleye stock . july - august 1997

river levels and largemouth bass populations in the illinois river . march - april 1997

predicting juvenile fish abundance from charactersistics of the spring flood . january - february 1997

critical factors in the early life history of illinois fishes . november - december 1996

status and management of mississippi river fisheries - h . l . schramm jr .

the mississippi river has been variously altered for navigation and flood control but supports a diverse and relatively productive fish assemblage . in the upper , impounded reach , commercial fish harvest has increased for most species since 1945 . the upper reach provides an extensive and moderately used recreational fishery resource . limited information for the lower , un - impounded reach of the mississippi river indicates commercial harvest is increasing . neither the commercial nor recreational fisheries appear to be over harvested ; however , fisheries for sturgeon and paddlefish should be carefully monitored . future fisheries production may be threatened by loss of aquatic habitat , altered spatial and temporal aspects of floodplain inundation and nuisance species invasions . water quality in most reaches has improved substantially from formerly severely degraded conditions . navigation traffic affects fish survival and recruitment and increases in navigation are forecast . future conservation and management of the fisheries and aquatic resources of the mississippi river will require substantial investment in effective assessment programs and achieving societal recognition of the diverse values of the resource .

the mississippi river is the largest river in north america . its 3 . 25 million km 2 watershed includes parts of two canadian provinces and parts or all of 31 u . s . states ( figure 1 ) . daily discharge ( measured in the lower river at vicksburg , mississippi ) ranges from 3 568 to 55 558 m 3 s - 1 and averages 17 358 m 3 s - 1 . the mississippi and its major tributaries - the arkansas , illinois , missouri and ohio rivers - have been central to the social and economic development of the united states . as a major transportation corridor , the river has been greatly altered for navigation and by developments in its watershed and floodplain for agriculture , industry and urbanization . comprehensive treatments of the historic and present conditions in the mississippi river are provided in scarpino ( 1985 ) ; fremling et al . ( 1989 ) ; baker , killgore and kasul ( 1991 ) ; rasmussen ( 1994 ) ; weiner et al . ( 1998 ) ; u . s . geological survey ( 1999 ) and fremling and drazkowski ( 2000 ) .

figure 1 . mississippi river basin and mississippi river . mississippi river basin figure from meade ( 1995 ) .

ten thousand years ago , the mississippi river was a continuum typical of a floodplain river . beginning as a small stream in the forested headwaters of lake itasca , minnesota , the river flowed through virgin forests and unbroken prairie to its deltaic outlet into the gulf of mexico in louisiana . from headwaters to the mouth , the river increased in size and discharge and decreased in slope . initially , the young river flowed through a small valley bordered by wetlands and lakes . along its downstream course , the river changed from a single to a braided channel in its mid - reaches and finally to a meandering , constantly changing channel downstream . its valley changed rather steadily from a narrow floodplain flanked by tall bluffs upstream to a vast , flat floodplain downstream .

in its present form , the mississippi river changes dramatically and rather incrementally along its 3 731 km journey from headwaters to the gulf of mexico . the headwaters reach , the upper 824 km from lake itasca to st . anthony falls , minnesota , flows alternately through forests and wetlands . dams have been built to form 11 small reservoirs and modify the elevation and discharge of several natural river lakes . these dams variously function for flood control , electric generation , water supply , or recreation .

figure 2 . average stage at upper mississippi river lock and dam 15 tailwaters , rock island , illinois . 1900 - 1925 is pre - impoundment ; 1940 - 2002 is post - impoundment .

figure 3 . average stage in the middle mississippi river , chester , illinois . 1900 - 1925 is before mainline levee construction ; 1940 - 2002 is after mainline levee construction .

classification of river reaches based on the form and consequences of anthropogenic perturbations is convenient , even desirable , from both ecological and management perspectives . the ecological structure and function of the headwaters , umr and open river segments are expected to differ and these differences should influence assessment and research questions . similarly , management goals and strategies are expected to differ among reaches . however , it also is important to recognize that each reach represents a continuum as the river traverses a latitudinal gradient , grows with each added tributary and the amount of floodplain increases ( schramm , eggleton and minnis 1999 ) .

figure 4 . average stage in the lower mississippi river , vicksburg , mississippi . 1900 - 1925 is before mainline levee and cutoff construction ; 1940 - 2002 is after mainline levee and cutoff construction . horizontal dashed line is bank full stage , the stage at which floodplain inundation begins .

baker et al . ( 1991 ) used multivariate analyses to delineate habitats . although a progressive and promising approach , the results of such analyses are constrained by inability to measure habitat conditions ( e . g . current direction and velocity are usually measured near the surface ) , by selectivity of fish sampling gear and by temporal fluctuations in river stage and discharge . although baker et al . ( 1991 ) described their resulting habitat delineations as microhabitats , the inherent variability in river conditions over a spatial scale greater than several meters precludes considering a habitat even as homogeneous as a sand bar as a single microhabitat . further , habitat use changes over time as both river conditions and biological requirements follow their seasonal chronology . in the lmr , the abundance of several fishes at steep natural banks ( a microhabitat listed by baker et al . 1991 ) varied significantly when current velocity was reduced , suggesting a single variable changing over time can determine habitat suitability for a species ( schramm et al . 1998 ; schramm et al . 1999 ) . conversely , changes at the macroscopic level also can affect fish abundance . the abundance of fishes collected in a sandbar habitat changed significantly following hydraulic changes in the adjacent channel , even though the physical conditions of the areas sampled remained similar over time ( schramm et al . 1999 ) .

excluding marine , diadromous and peripheral species and species not recently collected ( hereafter , resident species ) , 140 species are resident in the mississippi river ; 4 of these species are introduced . sixty - one species are resident in the headwaters , 107 species in the umr and 109 species in the open river . sufficient evidence was available to consider 55 resident species backwater dependent and 17 resident species riverine dependent . of the 137 resident species i was able to assign to habitat zones , none are expected to reside in main channel habitats throughout their life cycle , 24 are expected to occupy one or more channel border habitats throughout their life cycle and 50 species are expected to reside in one or more backwater habitats throughout their life cycle . a substantial number of fish were considered rare by fremling et al . ( 1989 ) or baker et al . ( 1991 ) . including fish not recently collected ( fremling et al . 1989 ) , 23 resident species are rare in the headwaters , 24 species are rare in the umr and 24 species are rare in the open river .

fish production has not been estimated and biomass estimates are limited . individual estimates are highly variable but tend to range from 300 - 900 kg ha - 1 ( table 2 ) . standing stocks appear greater in the lmr than in the umr , but comparability may be limited by habitat differences . standing stock in umr backwaters , sloughs and side channels was 38 percent commercial species ( excluding catfishes ) , 30 percent gizzard shad , 14 percent panfish ( white bass , sunfishes , crappies , yellow perch ) and 5 percent catfishes ( pitlo 1987 ) . pitlo ( 1987 ) found no longitudinal or temporal trends in total fish biomass but noted decreases in catfish and predator fish and increases in shad and pan - fishes over time . in the lmr backwaters , gizzard shad were 44 percent of the biomass , common carp 15 percent , freshwater drum 7 percent , bigmouth buffalo 6 percent and threadfin shad 5 percent of the total biomass ; collectively , commercial species were 34 percent of the biomass and sport fishes were 10 percent ( lowery et al . 1987 ) . levee borrow pits contained an average of 688 kg ha - 1 ; shads and buffalo fishes dominated the catch ( cobb et al . 1984 ) . lentic dyke pools can contain over 3 800 kg ha - 1 of fish and larger pools average over 2 000 kg ha - 1 ( baker et al . 1991 ) . the high biomass is primarily from abundant shads and occasionally large numbers of buffalo fishes , catfishes , crappies , gars and white bass ( nailon and pennington 1984 ; baker et al . 1991 ) . nailon and pennington ( 1984 ) noted substantial differences between lentic and lotic dyke pools , the latter supporting more blue sucker , blue catfish and flathead catfish .

table 1 : distribution and abundance of fishes in the headwaters ( hw ) , upper ( umr ) , or open river ( or ) segments of the mississippi river . fish are resident in the mississippi river unless noted otherwise ( residence ) . data were compiled from fremling et al . ( 1989 ) , baker et al . ( 1991 ) , pitlo et al . ( 1995 ) , and warren et al . ( 2000 ) . fish categorized as strays by fremling et al . ( 1989 ) and marine fishes collected only in the lower 150 km of the mississippi river are excluded . backwater dependent or riverine dependent indicates those taxa that are dependent on backwater or riverine conditions to complete their life cycle . probable zone is the area of the river from which the fish have been or are likely to be collected .

1 db diadromous , ib introduced , mb marine , pb peripheral , typically occupies tributary streams and rivers but may temporarily enter the mississippi river .

2 ab abundantly taken in all river surveys . cb commonly taken in most surveys . ob occasionally collected ; not generally distributed but local concentrations may occur . ub uncommon , does not usually appear in survey samples . rb considered rare . h1b taxon has been collected in the mississippi river but no records of collection since 1978 ( fremling et al . 1989 ) . h2b taxon reported as present by warren et al . ( 2000 ) but abundance not known . h3b taxon presumed by warren et al . ( 2000 ) to be present but not verified by collection records .

5 not listed as present in the open - river reach of the mississippi river by warren et al . 2000 .

6 warren et al . ( 2000 ) list mississippi stoneroller ( c . a . pullum ) as present in the open - river reach of the mississippi river .

7 warren et al . ( 2000 ) list pealip redhorse ( m . m . pisolabrum ) as present in the open - river reach of the mississippi river .

5 the gulf coast strain striped bass is native to the mississippi river . atlantic coast strain striped bass have been introduced into numerous impoundments in the mississippi river basin . escapees from these introductions have colonized the mississippi river and likely contribute to occasional collections of striped bass in the umr and open river .

fish biomass is usually estimated by recovery of fish after toxicant application ; hence , biomass estimation is typically limited to lentic waters where toxicants can be confined . however , rasmussen , pitlo and van vooren ( 1985 ) and pitlo ( 1987 ) obtained high biomass in channel border habitats using primacord ( explosives ) , suggesting promise for this method . if fish recovery from primacord sampling can be assumed equivalent to that from rotenone sampling , channel borders support fish biomasses similar to backwaters . non - ictalurid commercial fishes averaged 73 percent , catfishes 20 percent and gizzard shad 6 percent of the biomass ( pitlo 1987 ) . dettmers et al . ( 2001 ) estimated biomass of benthic fishes in the main channel in the umr ( pool 26 ) using trawls . although the biomass estimates are low ( and probably conservative ) , the trawl caught a wide variety of species and sizes . hydroacoustic sampling indicated moderate to high densities of fish in lmr main channel and channel border habitats ( baker et al . 1988a , 1988b ) , with densities in the main channel lower than along banks or in dyke pools ( baker et al . 1987 ; baker et al . 1988a , 1988b ) . many of the main channel and channel border fish were small ( 3 - 30 cm ) and the fish were distributed throughout the water column in some areas .

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cotana unistrigata is a moth in the eupterotidae family .

it was described by george thomas bethune-baker in 1904 .

it is found in new guinea .

the wingspan is 39 – 43 mm .

the forewings are ochre-brown with a broad dark grey-brown nearly straight stripe across the wing , beyond the centre , from the costa to the inner margin .

the hindwings are ochre-yellow with an oblique dark stripe right across the wing rather in front of the centre .

cotana unistrigata

cotana unistrigata <EOT> males are similar to " cotana unistrigata " , but the basal half of the forewings has a buffish cream - colour , and the outer half is buffish grey .

nervicompressa unistrigata bethune - baker , 1904 ; novit . zool . 11 ( 2 ) : 390 , pl . 4 , f . 5 ; tl : new guinea , angabunga river , dinawa

cotana ( cotanini ) ; forbes , 1955 , tijdschr . ent . 98 : 131

how can i put and write and define cotana in a sentence and how is the word cotana used in a sentence and examples ? 用cotana造句 , 用cotana造句 , 用cotana造句 , cotana meaning , definition , pronunciation , synonyms and example sentences are provided by ichacha . net .

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cotana rubrescens walker , 1865 ; list spec . lepid . insects colln br . mus . 32 : 549 ; tl : new guinea

males are similar to " cotana lunulata " , but are larger and the outer one - third of the forewings is much paler and more yellow .

females are very similar to those of " cotana meeki " , but are paler and more rufescent on the wings , while the postdiscal white bands are much narrower .

males are similar to " cotana rubrescens " , but the forewings are paler and less chestnut - brown , and the transverse bands are much thinner and less strongly marked .

females are also similar to " cotana lunulata " , but are much darker and the white patch in the basal one - third of the forewings is reduced to a small dot .

" ' franco cotana " ' ( marsciano , 22 december 1957 ) is an engineer , scientist and currently a member of the board of directors of the university of perugia from 2014 .

in 2014 , after several experiences in various boards of public companies - private , prof . cotana became member of the board of directors of the university of perugia as one of the 5 members elected by the university senate representing the engineering , veterinary and agricultural sciences .

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lunulata ( bethune - baker , 1904 ) borealis rothschild , 1932 ab . unicolor rothschild , 1932 [ infraspecific ] montium rothschild , 1932 occidentalis rothschild , 1917 satisbona rothschild , 1917

pallidipascia rothschild , 1917 pallidifascia ( sic sensu auct . ) postpallida ( rothschild , 1917 )

rubrescens walker , 1865 ssp . kapaura rothschild , 1917 [ male ] ssp . oetakwensis rothschild , 1917 [ male ]

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epicydas ovata bethune - baker , 1908 ; novit . zool . 15 : 175 ; tl : ekeikei , biagi

hypercydas calliloma turner , 1903 ; trans . r . soc . s . austr . 27 : 23 ; tl : ? n . queensland

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walker , 1865 list of the specimens of lepidopterous insects in the collection of the british museum list spec . lepid . insects colln br . mus . 31 : 1 - 322 ( [ 1865 ] ) , 32 : 323 - 706 ( 1865 ) , 33 : 707 - 1120 ( 1865 ) , 34 : 1121 - 1534 ( [ 1866 ] ) , 35 : 1535 - 2040 ( 1866 )

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confused by a class within a class or an order within an order ? please see our brief essay .

to cite this page : myers , p . , r . espinosa , c . s . parr , t . jones , g . s . hammond , and t . a . dewey . 2018 . the animal diversity web ( online ) . accessed at https : / / animaldiversity . org .

disclaimer : the animal diversity web is an educational resource written largely by and for college students . adw doesn ' t cover all species in the world , nor does it include all the latest scientific information about organisms we describe . though we edit our accounts for accuracy , we cannot guarantee all information in those accounts . while adw staff and contributors provide references to books and websites that we believe are reputable , we cannot necessarily endorse the contents of references beyond our control .

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it was described by grote in 1882 .

the length of the forewings is 13 – 16 mm for males and 15 – 17 mm for females .

the forewings are very light yellow with a nebulous , blackish mesial band .

the hindwings are white with a pruplish iridescence .

adults have been recorded on wing from may to august .

larvae have been recorded feeding on rhamnus frangula .

the create a web mixed with dead leaves and excrement .

pupation takes place in a yellowish cocoon , mixed with debris and leaves .

the species overwinters in the pupal stage .

cliniodes ostreonalis

cliniodes ostreonalis <EOT> species cliniodes ostreonalis - oystershell metrea moth - hodges # 4789 - bugguide . net

cliniodes euphrosinalis möschler , 1886 ; abh . senckenb . nat . ges . 14 ( 3 ) : 80 ; tl : jamaica

cliniodes ostreonalis , the oystershell metrea moth , is a moth in the crambidae family . it was described by grote in 1882 . it is found in north america , where it has been recorded from connecticut , indiana , kentucky , maine , maryland , michigan , new brunswick , new york , ohio , ontario , pennsylvania , quebec , vermont , west virginia and wisconsin .

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upcoming events 2018 bugguide gathering in virginia july 27 - 29 : registration and discussion photos of insects and people from the 2015 gathering in wisconsin , july 10 - 12 photos of insects and people from the 2014 gathering in virginia , june 4 - 7 . photos of insects and people from the 2013 gathering in arizona , july 25 - 28 photos of insects and people from the 2012 gathering in alabama photos of insects and people from the 2011 gathering in iowa photos from the 2010 workshop in grinnell , iowa photos from the 2009 gathering in washington

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fyles , t . w . 1894 : botys urticaloides , n . s . . – the canadian entomologist , ottawa 26 : 184 .

grote , a . r . 1882 c : on certain pyralidae . – papilio , new york and philadelphia 2 : 73 .

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one moth can look completely different depending on how it places its wings ! i noticed its colouring and the big yellowish eyes with black spots ( if they are eyes ? ) .

contributed by ilze v - g . on 19 august , 2011 - 1 : 40pm last updated 4 july , 2013 - 12 : 51pm

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sudbury , ontario , canada july 4 , 2014 size : ws approx 3 . 2cm

attracted to the lights at night it was resting on the glass in the pathway of the wgmc at laurentian university .

contributed by ilze v - g . on 4 july , 2014 - 10 : 55am last updated 8 july , 2014 - 12 : 41pm

exarcha ineptalis lederer , 1863 ; wien . ent . monats . 7 ( 10 ) : 340 , ( 12 ) pl . 7 , f . 8 ; tl : venezuela

pyrausta glaucescens hampson , 1899 ; proc . zool . soc . london 1899 : 260 ; tl : ecuador

niphostola punctata swinhoe , 1904 ; trans . ent . soc . lond . 1904 ( 1 ) : 156 ; tl : santubong

basonga paradisalis möschler , 1886 ; abh . senckenb . nat . ges . 14 ( 3 ) : 79 ; tl : jamaica

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histoire naturelle des insectes . species général des lépidoptéres . tome huitiéme . deltoides et pyralites

a revision of the moths of the subfamily pyraustinae and family pyralidae . part 1

a revision of the moths of the subfamily pyraustinae and family pyralidae . part 2

walker , 1859 list of the specimens of lepidopterous insects in the collection of the british museum . supplement list spec . lepid . insects colln br . mus . 16 : 1 - 253 ( [ 1859 ] ) , 17 : 255 - 508 ( 1859 ) , 18 : 509 - 798 ( 1859 ) , 19 : 799 - 1036 ( 1859 )

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eutrichopidia latinus is a species of moth of the noctuidae family .

it is known from eastern australia , including queensland , new south wales , the australian capital territory , victoria , south australia and tasmania .

the moth is about 45 mm .

adults are black with a broad diagonal band across each forewing .

this band may vary from white to yellow to orange .

the hindwings have a white margin with black dots and the abdomen is tipped with a tuft of orange hairs .

the larvae feed on hibbertia obtusifolia and haloragis teucriodes .

eutrichopidia latinus

eutrichopidia latinus <EOT> the adult moths of this species are black , with a broad diagonal band across each forewing . this band is varied in colour : anywhere from white through yellow to orange . the hindwings have a white margin containing black dots . the abdomen is tipped with a tuft of orange hairs , and the forelegs have orange hair tufts . the moths are inclined to rest head downward . the moths have a wingspan of about 4 . 5 cms .

melbourne university press , 1990 , pl . 22 . 28 , p . 464 .

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urn : lsid : biodiversity . org . au : afd . taxon : 7be5da87 - c9af - 4d9e - 850c - d392ec1e2bc1

urn : lsid : biodiversity . org . au : afd . taxon : b96346fa - 6c57 - 422b - bb53 - e875180d91bb

urn : lsid : biodiversity . org . au : afd . taxon : db89495e - d8b9 - 4ccd - 9f82 - 9d3dfeaa5589

urn : lsid : biodiversity . org . au : afd . name : 396252

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to cite this page : myers , p . , r . espinosa , c . s . parr , t . jones , g . s . hammond , and t . a . dewey . 2018 . the animal diversity web ( online ) . accessed at https : / / animaldiversity . org .

disclaimer : the animal diversity web is an educational resource written largely by and for college students . adw doesn ' t cover all species in the world , nor does it include all the latest scientific information about organisms we describe . though we edit our accounts for accuracy , we cannot guarantee all information in those accounts . while adw staff and contributors provide references to books and websites that we believe are reputable , we cannot necessarily endorse the contents of references beyond our control .

this material is based upon work supported by the national science foundation grants drl 0089283 , drl 0628151 , due 0633095 , drl 0918590 , and due 1122742 . additional support has come from the marisla foundation , um college of literature , science , and the arts , museum of zoology , and information and technology services .

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cathy powers your id is absolutely correct and the ala image connected with idalima is an incorrect id . good spotting . goes to show you need more than one source and natureshare is a very good one .

cathy powers yep , a moth . this group is covered in mov 8 which will be available before the end of 2017 .

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scrobipalpa sinica is a moth in the gelechiidae family .

it was described by bidzilya and li in 2010 .

it is found in china ( inner mongolia ) and mongolia .

the wingspan is 11 – 12 mm .

the forewings are covered with light grey , brown-tipped scales .

the veins are slightly mottled yellow , especially in the basal part of the forewing and there is an indistinct small black spot at the base and at the corner of the cell .

the hindwings are light grey .

adults are on wing in august .

scrobipalpa sinica

scrobipalpa sinica <EOT> scrobipalpa ochrostigma bidzilya & li , 2010 , sp . n . - plazi treatmentbank

scrobipalpa flavinerva bidzilya & li , 2010 , sp . n . - plazi treatmentbank

figures 50 – 53 . female genitalia of scrobipalpa spp . 50 , s . caryocoloides povolný ( slide no . l 06140 ) ; 51 , s . sinica sp . n . ( pt , slide no . 258 / 08 ) ; 52 , s . chinensis povolný ( slide no . 98 / 08 ) ; 53 , s . ochrostigma sp . n . ( ht , slide no . 87 / 08 ) .

figures 33–40 . male genitalia of scrobipalpa spp . 33 , s . reiprichi povolný ( slide no . l06011 ) ; 34 , s . ochrostigma sp . n . ( pt , slide no . l06039 ) ; 35 , s . chinensis povolný ( slide no . 106 / 08 ) ; 36 , s . sinica sp . n . ( ht , slide no . 208 / 08 ) ; 37 , s . sinica sp . n . ( pt , slide no . l07023 ) ; 38 , s . flavinerva sp . n . ( pt , slide no . 194 / 07 ) ; 39 , s . hoenei sp . n . ( ht , slide no . 91 / 08 ) ; 40 , s . paradoxa piskunov ( slide no . l07047 ) .

figures 33 – 40 . male genitalia of scrobipalpa spp . 33 , s . reiprichi povolný ( slide no . l 06011 ) ; 34 , s . ochrostigma sp . n . ( pt , slide no . l 06039 ) ; 35 , s . chinensis povolný ( slide no . 106 / 08 ) ; 36 , s . sinica sp . n . ( ht , slide no . 208 / 08 ) ; 37 , s . sinica sp . n . ( pt , slide no . l 07023 ) ; 38 , s . flavinerva sp . n . ( pt , slide no . 194 / 07 ) ; 39 , s . hoenei sp . n . ( ht , slide no . 91 / 08 ) ; 40 , s . paradoxa piskunov ( slide no . l 07047 ) .

bidzilya , oleksiy & li , houhun , 2010 , the genus scrobipalpa janse ( lepidoptera , gelechiidae ) in china , with descriptions of 13 new species , zootaxa 2513 , pp . 1 - 26 : 23 - 24

bidzilya , oleksiy & li , houhun , 2010 , the genus scrobipalpa janse ( lepidoptera , gelechiidae ) in china , with descriptions of 13 new species , zootaxa 2513 , pp . 1 - 26 : 16 - 17

figures 9 – 16 . adults of scrobipalpa spp . 9 , s . nigripuncta sp . n . ( ht ) ; 10 , s . strictella sp . n . ( ht ) ; 11 , s . flavidinigra sp . n . ( ht ) ; 12 , s . ochrostigma sp . n . ( ht ) ; 13 , s . chinensis povolný ; 14 , s . sinica sp . n . ( pt ) ; 15 , s . flavinerva sp . n . ( pt ) ; 16 , s . hoenei sp . n . ( ht ) .

two new species of gelechiidae , teleiopsis motleella , sp . nov . , and sitotroga pseudopsacasta , sp . nov . , are described from korea . illustrations of adults and male genitalia are provided . scrobipalpa spumata ( povolný , 2001 ) , comb , n . , is newly recorded from korea . it was described from the female , and the male genitalia are described and illustrated for the first time .

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a new species of fish , pseudoliparis swirei , published in zootaxa ( 4358 : 161 - 177 ) by gerringer , m . e et al . was voted among top 10 new species described in 2017 .

a new species of madagascan crickets described by mustafa ünal and george beccaloni in zootaxa was featured in a national geographic story . well done mustafa and george !

a new species of wolf spider , lycosa aragogi , is named after aragog—the famous fictional spider from “harry potter” book series by j . k . rowling . the new species is similar to the animatronic puppet version of the character used in the film “harry potter and the chamber of secrets” , which is actually based on a wolf spider . the naming of the new species is dedicated to the 20th anniversary of harry potter book series . "

mariah o . pfleger , r . dean grubbs , charles f . cotton , toby s . daly - engel

identification of nipaecoccus ( hemiptera : coccomorpha : pseudococcidae ) species in the united states , with descriptions of nipaecoccus bromelicola sp . n . and the male of n . floridensis beardsley

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. . . with regard to taxonomic perspective , the nymphalidae along with other butterflies occurring in south korea were further welllisted by several important earlier studies since the beginning work by foreign scientists ( see kim , 2012 ) . the subsequent majority of nymphalidae research in south korea has focused on introduction of individual species in illustrated books ( e . g . , kim , 2002 ) , finding and listing new species through morphological analysis ( e . g . , joo et al . , 1997 ; lee and takakura , 1981 ; park , 1987 ) , and ecological investigation of a limited number of species ( e . g . , kim , 2012 ) . . . .

a new species of parastenolechia kanazawa ( lepidoptera : gelechiidae ) from korea , with a check list o . . .

parastenolechia suriensis , sp . nov . , is described and illustrated , and p . asymmetrica kanazawa is reported from korea for the first time . a check list of the species of the genus is given .

two new species of gelechiidae ( lepidoptera ) from korea , with notes on the taxonomic status of telph . . .

two new species of the family gelechiidae , concubina trigonalis park and ponomarenko , n . sp . and teleiodes gangwonensis park and ponomarenko , n . sp . are described from korea . telphusa euryzeucta meyrick , 1922 , is transferred to concubina : concubina euryzeucta ( meyrick 1922 ) , n . comb . concubina subita n . omelko and m . omelko , 2004 is considered a new junior synonym of c . euryzeucta .

six species of the genus anarsia zeller were recognized from siberia and far east . two of the species are described as new to science ( anarsia gajiensis sp . n . and a . sibirica sp . n . ) , and a . bipinnata meyrick is reported from the primorye territory ( russian far east ) for the first time . key to the species is given .

new faunistic data for the family gelechiidae in the korean peninsula and ne china ( lepidoptera : gel . . .

from the result of identification of gelechiids collected in the korean peninsula or mt . changbai - shan , ne china and preserved in the center for insect systematics , korea , 25 species of the family gelechiidae are reported for the first time from korea and three species of them are first known from china . a new synonymy of teleiodes sattler , 1960 ( = dubitationis m . omelko & n . omelko , 1998 , . . . [ show full abstract ]

a new subfamily crocanthinae of lecithoceridae ( lepidoptera ) for the genus crocanthes meyrick and it . . .

a new subfamily , crocanthinae n . subf . , is proposed for crocanthes meyrick and its allies , which have been considered as a monophyletic group with a unique genital character—an absent or remarkably reduced gnathos in the male genitalia . the subfamily includes aprosoesta turner , lamprista park , pacificulla park , hannara park , and gonaepa walker . aprosoesta turner st . rev . is resurrected as a . . . [ show full abstract ]

type material . holotype , ƥ , china : mt . xinglong , yuzhong county ( 35 ° 53 ' n , 104 °06 ' e ) , gansu province , 2120 m , 4 . viii . 1993 , leg . houhun li , genitalia slide no . 87 / 08 . paratype : 1 3 , dahua , huangyuan county ( 36 ° 43 ' n , 101 ° 17 ' e ) , qinghai province 16 . viii . 1995 , leg . lanfang zhu , genitalia slide no . l06039 .

) : wingspan 13 . 5 mm . head grey , frons off - white . labial palpus recurved ; segment 2 twice width of segment 3 , underside and outer surface covered with white , black - tipped scales , inner surface white ; segment 3 thin , acute , grey , inner surface with white medial ring . antennal segments black , grey - ringed basally . thorax and tegula grey mottled brown . forewing light brown , posterior margin black from base to half length and in subapical area ; narrow black strip along costal margin from base to twothirds ; ochreous spot at base , at one - third and at two - thirds , respectively ; cilia yellowish - grey . hindwing and cilia grey .

) : uncus large , broad , more or less widened distally . gnathos basally broad , distal portion narrow , slightly curved . tegumen prolonged . valva digitate , comparatively broad , distinctly shorter than uncus . sacculus about one - fifth length of valva , moderately narrow , curved inwards . paired processes on posterior margin of vinculum broad , sub - triangular , slightly curved outwards apically , about as long as length of sacculus ; medial excision deep , v - shaped . saccus narrow , apex slightly dilated , rounded . aedeagus short , broadened basally , distal portion straight , with distinct apical cornutus .

) : papilla analis prolonged , sub - oval . segment viii quadrangular . lobes of vaginal plates narrow , broadly separated , weakly sclerotized . postvaginal plates weakly sclerotized . apophysis anterioris about 1 . 5 length of segment viii . ductus bursae moderately narrow . corpus bursae small , rounded , without signum .

sp . n . is well recognizable externally by the yellowish - brown forewing with three distinct ochreous spots and black posterior margin . the male genitalia are characterized by the broad , prolonged uncus far exceeding the tip of the valva in combination with the broad paired processes on the posterior margin of vinculum and the relatively narrow sacculus . the female genitalia differ from most other

species in the membranous , weakly sclerotized periostial lobes and the absence of signum . the last character has not been observed earlier in the genus

biology . host - plant unknown . adults occur in august at 2120 m altitude .

etymology . the specific name is derived from greek ochra – ochreous , stigma – marks , in reference to the wing pattern .

no known copyright restrictions apply . see agosti , d . , egloff , w . , 2009 . taxonomic information exchange and copyright : the plazi approach . bmc research notes 2009 , 2 : 53 for further explanation .

type material . holotype , 3 , china : zhaohe , damao qi , baotou ( 40 ° 39 ' n , 109 ° 49 ' e ) , inner mongolia , 1700 m , 11 . viii . 2007 , leg . houhun li and bidzilya . paratypes : 1 3 , same data as holotype , gen . prep . 194 / 07 ; 1 3 , same data as holotype except dated 10 . viii . 2007 , leg . houhun li , genitalia slide no . l06123 ; mongolia : 1 3 , vostochnyi aimak , oz . khuh - nur , 25 . vi . [ 1 ] 976 , leg . kerzhner ( zin

) ; 1 3 , vostochnyi aimak , tamsag - bulak , 25 . vii . [ 1 ] 976 , leg . kerzhner ( zin

) : wingspan 14 . 0–15 . 0 mm . head , thorax and tegula grey . labial palpus recurved ; segment 2 light grey mottled brown on outer surface ; segment 3 grey , pointed . forewing grey , veins cream , yellowish - white ; fresh specimens with small dark stripe at two - thirds length and small black dot at corner of cell ; cilia light grey . hindwing light grey , with dark veins .

) : uncus prolonged , about two times longer than wide , sub - triangular distally . gnathos basally broad ; distal sclerite small , slender , weakly curved . tegumen comparatively long and narrow . valva slender , dilated distally , not exceeding top of uncus . sacculus digitate , about one - quarter length of valva ; outer margin weakly curved , inner margin almost straight , apex pointed . paired processes on posterior margin of vinculum very short and narrow , pointed apically ; medial excision deep , v - shaped . saccus triangular , but very broad at base in paratype from mongolia . aedaegus short , slightly inflated at base ; distal portion moderately broad , with distinct down - curved apical cornutus .

species by the grey forewing with distinct cream - coloured veins . the male genitalia are characterized by the very short , narrow , pointed vinculum processes in combination with prolonged uncus and tegumen , as well as digitiform sacculus .

biology . host - plant unknown . adults occur from the end of june to middle of august .

etymology . the specific name is derived from the latin flavus – yellow , nervus – vein , referring to the wing pattern .

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noctueliopsis aridalis is a moth in the crambidae family .

it was described by barnes and benjamin in 1922 .

it is found in north america , where it has been recorded from arizona , california and nevada .

the habitat consists of deserts .

the length of the forewings is 5.5-6.5 mm .

adults have been recorded on wing from march to june .

noctueliopsis aridalis

noctueliopsis aridalis <EOT> photographs are the copyrighted property of each photographer listed . contact individual photographers for permission to use for any purpose .

powell , j . a . & p . a . opler , moths of western north america , pl . 22 . 2m ; p . 171 . book review and ordering

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you ' d think with those colors and that pattern this one would be easy , but i didn ' t see a match in my holland moth guide .

interesting . we don ' t seem to have a guide page for that yet , and i don ' t see it at the moth photographers group either , but i do see one at cal photos . just wish i had had a ring flash and a decent macro lens when i took the photo . ( i had just made the transition to dslr about a month before that trip . )

. . . . all of the microleps through pyraloidea ( different photos of the same specimens that appear in mwna ) will be on plates and species pages at mpg within a week or so . ( no rsvp , thanks )

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noctuelia pandoralis barnes & mcdunnough , 1914 ; contr . nat . hist . lep . n . am . 2 ( 6 ) : 244 , pl . 2 , f . 13 ; tl : deming , new mexico

this information is not automatically synchronized with globiz and can sometimes be lagging behind .

[ maps ] warning ! the maps are automatically generated from the textual information , and the process does not always produce acceptable result ; see about maps for more info .

[ nacl ] ; hodges , 1983 check list of the lepidoptera of america north of mexico check list lep . am . n of mexico

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