hector 's dolphin ( cephalorhynchus hectori ) is the best-known of the four dolphins in the genus cephalorhynchus and is the only endemic cetacean to new zealand .

at approximately 1.4 m in length , it is one of the smallest cetaceans .

two subspecies occur : c. h. hectori , the more numerous subspecies , is found around the south island , and the critically endangered maui 's dolphin ( c. h. maui ) is found off the northwest coast of the north island .

maui 's dolphin is one of the eight most endangered groups of cetaceans .

the hector 's dolphin is also the world 's smallest and rarest dolphin .

a 2010/2011 survey of maui 's dolphin by the new zealand department of conservation estimated only 55 adults remain .

hector ’s dolphin was named after sir james hector ( 1834 – 1907 ) , who was the curator of the colonial museum in wellington ( now the museum of new zealand te papa tongarewa ) .

he examined the first specimen found of the dolphin .

the species was scientifically described by belgian zoologist pierre-joseph van beneden in 1881 .

māori names for hector 's and maui 's dolphin include tutumairekurai , tupoupou and popoto .

hector ' s dolphin

hector ' s dolphin <EOT> dawson , s . 1991 . incidental catch of hector’s dolphin in inshore gillnets .

brager , s . 1999 . association patterns in three populations of hector’s dolphin , cephalorhynchus hectori .

wwf ' s objectives for hector ' s dolphin and its subspecies māui dolphin are that threats have been reduced to a level that allows the species to begin increasing in abundance , extending the range of māui s dolphin and reducing isolation of hector ' s dolphin populations .

king , r . , s . brooks . 2004 . bayesian analysis of the hector’s dolphin data .

hector ' s dolphin is new zealand ' s smallest dolphin . these native dolphins are endangered in new zealand . find out how to behave when sharing the water with hector ' s .

location : hector’s dolphin is found only in the shallow waters around new zealand’s south island . a subspecies of hector’s dolphin , maui’s dolphin , is even more endangered with only about 110 individuals left . this member of the family lives around north island .

the north island subpopulation of hector’s dolphin was recognized recently as a subspecies , cephalorhynchus hectori maui ( baker et al . 2002 ) , and it has been assessed separately . this subspecies is sometimes referred to as maui’s dolphin ( not maui’s hector’s dolphin ) .

slooten , e . 1994 . behavior of hector’s dolphin : classifying behavior by sequence analysis .

view information about south island hector ' s dolphin surveys that doc has been involved with .

hector’s dolphin / author : dr . mridula srinivasan , noaa / nmfs / ost / amd .

dawson , s . m . and slooten , e . 1996 . the downunder dolphin : the story of hector’s dolphin . canterbury university press , christchurch . 60pp .

slooten , e . , f . lad . 1991 . population biology and conservation of hector’s dolphin .

the hector’s dolphin , of which maui’s is the north island sub - species , is also covered by the threat management plan .

hector ' s and maui ' s dolphins are a protected species under the marine mammal protection act 1978 . the department of conservation ( doc ) threat classification system ranks maui dolphin as ‘nationally critical’ , and hector’s dolphin as ‘nationally endangered’ .

hector’s dolphin is one of the smallest toothed cetaceans in the world and is endemic to new zealand . this dolphin got its name in honor of sir james hector , a scottish scientist who described this dolphin for the first time in the decade of 1870’s .

the government has today announced its final threat management plan for dolphins which confirms additional protections for the maui’s dolphin in taranaki and releases new promising population estimates for the hector’s dolphin .

thorpe , c . , r . bates , s . dawson . 1991 . intrinsic echolocation capability of hector’s dolphin , cephalorhynchus hectori .

two sub - species of hector’s dolphins exist : the south island hector’s dolphin which is found around the south island of new zealand , and the māui dolphin which is found off the west coast of the north island .

hector ' s dolphin leaps from ocean , akaroa harbour , new zealand . the most distinctive feature of hector ' s dolphins is the rounded dorsal fin , as seen here with the dolphin jumping out of the water .

hector’s and maui’s dolphins only live in new zealand’s shallow coastal waters . they are both at risk of becoming extinct .

visit the wwf - new zealand website for actions you can take to help save the hector ' s dolphin .

listen to the revealing and informative interview , ' unpicking the hector ' s dolphin report ' . leading expert on maui and hector ' s dolphins dr liz slooten discusses mpi ' s hector ' s dolphin report with and raglan community radio , new zealand . listen to the key information highlighted here . - august 23 , 2016

brager , s . , s . dawson , e . slooten , s . smith , g . stone , a . yoshinaga . 2002 . site fidelity and along - shore range in hector’s dolphin , an endangered marine dolphin from new zealand .

cawthron institute scientist deanna clement led the three - year survey to update the hector ' s dolphin population and distribution .

blogs ahoy ! hear from hector ' s and maui dolphin expert  dr liz slooten and world free - dive champion , maui dolphin ambassador ,  william trubridge .

brager , s . 1998 . feeding associations between white - fronted terns and hector’s dolphins in new zealand .

bejder , l . , s . dawson , j . harraway . 1999 . responses by hector’s dolphin to boats and swimmers in porpoise bay , new zealand .

burkhart , s . , e . slooten . 2003 . population viability analysis for hector’s dolphin ( cephalorhynchus hectori ) : a stochastic population model for local populations .

show your love for dolphins ! add our beautiful hector ' s & maui ' s dolphin sos badge to your social media profiles on facebook and twitter today .

bräger s , dawson sm , slooten e , smith s , stone gs , yoshinaga a ( 2002 ) site fidelity and along - shore range in hector ' s dolphin , an endangered marine dolphin from new zealand . biol conserv 108 : 281–287

martien , k . , b . taylor , e . slooten , s . dawson . 1999 . a sensitivity analysis to guide research and management for hector’s dolphin .

pichler , f . , s . dawson , e . slooten , c . baker . 1998 . geographic isolation of hector’s dolphin populations described by mitochondrial dna sequences .

you can help by joining us - hector ' s & maui ' s dolphin sos . be part of the effort stopping the dolphins from being killed by human activity

dawson , s . m . 1991 . clicks and communication : the behavioural and social contexts of hector’s dolphin vocalisations . ethology 88 ( 4 ) : 265 - 276 .

slooten , e . and dawson s . m . sustainable levels of human impact for hector’s dolphin . the open conservation biology journal 2 , 37 - 43 . 2008 .

slooten , e . 1994 . behavior of hector’s dolphin : classifying behavior by sequence analysis . journal of mammalogy 75 : 956 - 964 .

scientists agree that all of the necessary research has been done . maui and hector ' s dolphin numbers continue to decline at alarming rates .

slooten , e . , s . dawson , h . whitehead . 1993 . associations among photographically identified hector’s dolphins .

brager , s . , dawson , s . m . , slooten , e . , smith , s . , stone , g . s . and yoshinaga , a . 2002 . site fidelity and along - shore range in hector’s dolphin , an endangered marine dolphin from new zealand . biological conservation 108 : 281 - 287 .

dawson , s . m . & thorpe , c . w . 1990 . a quantitative analysis of the acoustic repertoire of hector’s dolphin . ethology 86 : 131 - 145 .

dawson , s . , e . slooten , f . pichler , k . russell , c . baker . 2001 . the north island hector’s dolphin is vulnerable to extinction .

martien kk , taylor bl , slooten e , dawson s ( 1999 ) a sensitivity analysis to guide research and management for hector ' s dolphin . biol conserv 90 : 183–191

hector’s dolphins are found around the coast of the south island but distribution is patchy .

slooten , e . 1991 . age , growth , and reproduction in hector’s dolphins .

hector ' s dolphin ( cephalorhynchus hectori ) small pod in turbid coastal waters near river mouth , kaikoura penninsula , south island , new zealand .

this dolphin varies in size depending on its geographic location . its subspecies , the maui dolphin , is slightly larger .

king , r . , s . brooks . 2004 . a classical study of catch - effort models for hector’s dolphins .

because hector ' s dolphin exists in several discrete populations , this increases the risk of local extinctions from bycatch or a single pollution or disease episode .

the new zealand whale and dolphin trust is dedicated to preserving nz ' s unique marine mammals .

hector’s dolphins are among the world’s smallest marine dolphins . they are found only in the inshore waters of aotearoa / new zealand .

slooten , e . and lad , f . 1991 . population biology and conservation of hector’s dolphin . canadian journal of zoology 69 : 1701 - 1707 .

baker , a . , a . smith , f . pichler . 2002 . geographical variation in hector’s dolphin : recognition of new subspecies of cephalorhynchus hectori .

“our greatest concern is for the critically - endangered maui’s dolphin . it is the world’s smallest and rarest dolphin with an estimated population of just 55 adults , ” conservation minister dr nick smith says .

hector ' s dolphins are frequently caught in gill nets but rarely cause enough damage to prevent re - use . there are no known adverse affects of hector ' s dolphins on humans .

dufresne , s . , dawson , s . m . & slooten . e . 2001 . hector’s dolphin abundance : southern line - transect surveys and effect of attraction to survey vessel . doc science internal series 1 , 19pp .

embed this arkive thumbnail link ( " portlet " ) by copying and pasting the code below . < a href = " urltoken " title = " arkive species - hector ' s dolphin ( cephalorhynchus hectori ) " > < img src = " urltoken " alt = " arkive species - hector ' s dolphin ( cephalorhynchus hectori ) " title = " arkive species - hector ' s dolphin ( cephalorhynchus hectori ) " border = " 0 " / > < / a >

“the plan also includes the establishment of a maui’s dolphin research advisory group to undertake research and work with stakeholders to maintain ongoing cooperation to ensure the survival of the maui’s dolphin , ” mr guy says .

dawson , s . m . & slooten , e . 1988 . hector’s dolphin cephalorhynchus hectori : distribution and abundance . rep . int . whal . commn special issue 9 : 315 - 324 .

make a symbolic dolphin adoption to help save some of the world ' s most endangered animals from extinction and support wwf ' s conservation efforts .

hector’s and māui dolphin are known to māori by other names , including tutumairekurai , aihe , papakanua , upokohue , tukuperu , tūpoupou , pahu , pōpoto and hopuhopu .

hector’s dolphins are the smallest and rarest marine dolphins in the world . they have distinct black facial markings , short stocky bodies and a dorsal fin shaped like a mickey mouse ear . there is a subspecies of hector’s dolphin known as maui’s dolphin that is critically endangered and estimated to have a population of only 55 . they are found only in the shallow coastal waters along western shores of new zealand’s north island .

rayment , w . , dawson , s . , slooten , l . and childerhouse , s . ( 2006 ) offshore distribution of hector ' s dolphin at banks peninsula . doc research and development series 232 . department of conservation , wellington .

rayment , w . , dawson , s . m . , slooten , e . and childerhouse , s . j . 2006 . offshore distribution of hector’s dolphin at banks peninsula . department of conservation research and development series , 232 , 23p .

slooten , e . and dawson , s . m . 1988 . studies on hector’s dolphin cephalorhynchus hectori : a progress report . rep . int . whal . commn special issue 9 : 325 - 338 .

a rare and small cetacean , this dolphin is identified by a solidly built body with a gently sloping snout and a unique rounded ( mickey mouse ear shaped ) dorsal fin . hector ' s dolphin takes its name from new zealand zoologist sir james hector , who first collected the species in 1869 .

scientists have discovered there are more hector ' s dolphins in new zealand than the previous population estimate .

only found in new zealand’s waters , this distinctive grey dolphin with black and white markings and a round dorsal fin is the most easily recognised species of dolphin in new zealand .

slooten , e . 2007 . conservation in the face of uncertainty : effectiveness of four options for managing hector’s dolphin bycatch . endangered species research 3 : 169 - 179 .

buckland , s . j . , hannah , d . j . , taucher , j . a . , slooten , e . and dawson , s . m . 1990 . polychlorinated dibenzo - p - dioxins and dibenzofurans in new zealand’s hector’s dolphin . chemosphere 20 : 1035 - 1042 .

7 , 500 hector ' s dolphins remain of 29 , 000 in the 1970 ' s and only 45 maui dolphins of 1 , 800 .

gormley a . , dawson , s . m . , slooten , e . brager , s . 2005 mark - recapture estimates of hector’s dolphin abundance at banks peninsula , new zealand . marine mammal science . 21 ( 2 ) : 204 - 216 .

pichler fb , dawson sm , slooten e , baker cs ( 1998 ) geographic isolation of hector ' s dolphin populations described by mitochondrial dna sequences . conserv biol 12 : 676–682

do you know of or are you a part of an organisation that work to conserve the hector’s dolphin , then please contact us to have it featured on our endangered world .

pichler , f . , baker , c . s . , dawson , s . m . & slooten , e . 1998 . mitochondrial differences between east and west coast populations of hector’s dolphin . conservation biology . 12 ( 3 ) : 1 - 8 .

) feed with hector’s dolphins , likely as facultative commensalists , by capturing small fish being chased by dolphins .

nabu international foundation for nature is committed to fighting for the survival of maui and hector ' s dolphins .

the majority of wwf ' s work on the protection of hector ' s and māui dolphins is carried out by wwf - new zealand . visit the

rayment , w . , s . dawson , e . slooten , s . brager , s . dufresne , t . webster . 2009 . kernel density estimates of alongshore home range of hector’s dolphins at banks peninsula , new zealand .

the hector ' s and maui dolphin threat management plan has been in place since 2008 , it identifies human - induced threats to the populations and outlines strategies to mitigate those threats .

we need beachgoers and boaties to report sightings so we can better understand where these dolphins live . this will provide evidence to make the best decisions for māui and hector’s dolphin conservation .

thorpe , c . w . & dawson , s . m . 1991 . automatic measurement of descriptive features of hector’s dolphin vocalizations . j . acoust . soc . am . 89 ( 1 ) : 435 - 443 .

clement , d . , slooten , e . , dawson , s . m . & dufresne , s . 2002 . line - transect survey of hector’s dolphin abundance between farewell spit and motunau . doc science internal series 22 . 15pp . department of conservation , wellington .

a team from nelson ' s cawthron institute have discovered there are potentially twice the number of hector ' s dolphins in new zealand waters than previously realised .

dawson , s . m . 1991 . incidental catch of hector’s dolphins in inshore gillnets . marine mammal science 7 ( 3 ) : 283 - 295 .

slooten , e . and dawson , s . m . assessing the effectiveness of conservation management decisions : likely effects of new protection measures for hector’s dolphin . aquatic conservation : marine and freshwater ecosystems 20 : 334 - 347 . 2010

slooten , e . , s . dawson , w . rayment , s . childerhouse . 2006 . a new abundance estimate for maui’s dolphin : what does it mean for managing this critically endangered species ? .

a small isolated group of hector ' s dolphins remains on the west coast of new zealand ' s north island . they are a sub - species called māui dolphin ( cephalorhynchus hectori maui ) , and in total number around 63 individuals . hector ' s and māui dolphins are related to similar species in south africa and south america . read more

pichler fb , baker cs ( 2000 ) loss of genetic diversity in the endemic hector ' s dolphin due to fisheries - related mortality . proc r soc lond b biol sci 267 : 97–102

slooten , e . and dawson , s . m . 1994 . hector’s dolphin . pp . 311 - 333 in “handbook of marine mammals” vol v , ( delphinidae and phocoenidae : s . h ridgway and r . harrison , eds . ) . academic press . new york .

burkhart , s . m . and slooten , e . 2003 . population viability analysis for hector’s dolphin ( cephalorhynchus hectori ) : a stochastic population model for local populations . new zealand journal of marine and freshwater research 37 : 553 - 566

) are major predators of hector ' s dolphins . living in shallow inshore waters may help them avoid potential predators .

some dolphin species , including the hector’s dolphin , are very rare . they are considered to be the smallest of all marine dolphins . the first person to notice them and research them was sir james hector , whom they are named after . he was a scientist from new zealand but even today we still don’t have too much information about them .

slooten , e . ( 2007 ) conservation management in the face of uncertainty : effectiveness of four options for managing hector ' s dolphin bycatch . endangered species research , 3 : 169 - 179 .

nz dolphin is only found in new zealand and trust researchers have surveyed the entire population . there are about 60 maui dolphins , and about 10 , 000 hector’s dolphins left in the world . the original population was about 50 , 000 hector’s and 2 , 000 maui dolphins . these days , the population is fragmented into small local populations . maui dolphin is teetering on the brink of extinction .

martien , k . k . , taylor , b . l . , slooten , e . dawson , s . m . 1999 . a sensitivity analysis to guide research and management for hector’s dolphin . biological conservation 90 : 183 - 191 .

dawson , s . m . 1985 . the new zealand whale and dolphin digest . brick row publishing . auckland . 130pp .

slooten , e . and dawson , s . m . ( 1994 ) hector ' s dolphin cephalorhynchus hectori . in : ridgway , s . h . and harrison , r . ( eds ) handbook of marine mammals . volume v ( delphinidae and phocoenidae ) . academic press , new york .

recreational boat users interact with hector ' s dolphins throughout their range . dolphin - watching tours are located at the center of the banks peninsula marine mammal sanctuary , and new operations are beginning in the lyttleton and timaru areas of canterbury . possible impacts of recreational boating and tourism on hector ' s dolphins are currently under study .

one of the smallest marine dolphins in the world , hector’s dolphins grow no more than 1 . 5 m in length .

the hector’s dolphins north and south of the kaikoura canyon form two local populations with low levels of individual exchange and interbreeding .

wwf works to end gill net use and trawling in hector’s and maui’s dolphin habitat . after the 2012 international whaling commission meeting , new zealand agreed to ban gillnets in a portion of maui’s dolphin habitat . this is a positive step , but a ban throughout the dolphin’s entire range is needed to ensure their survival . wwf is urging new zealand prime minister john key to protect the last remaining maui’s dolphins by prohibiting dangerous fishing gear from their habitat , safeguarding the region from sand mining and the threat of oil and gas exploration , and establishing a protected ocean corridor .

" the results of the survey will be one consideration in the ongoing risk assessment for the species , and will factor into the hector ' s and maui ' s dolphin threat management plan which is due for full review in 2018 , " guy said .

in 2016 , a hector’s dolphin that washed up on a beach near kaikoura was found to have died from tuberculosis , a disease never before found in cetaceans . how the dolphin contracted tuberculosis is still unknown , but there are fears it could be related to domestic pets , or animal husbandry .

dawson , s . , e . slooten , s . dufresne , p . wade , d . clement . 2004 . small - boat surveys for coastal dolphins : line transect surveys for hector’s dolphins ( cephalorhynchus hectori ) .

" very , very rarely you get sightings of hector ' s dolphins in hawke ' s bay . they have been seen off clifton , pourerere and bare island at waimarama .

dawson , s . , e . slooten . 1993 . conservation of hector’s dolphins : the case and process which led to the establishment of the banks peninsula marine mammal sanctuary .

new zealand’s critically endangered maui ' s dolphin formed part of discussions held by 200 of the world’s leading cetacean scientists who gathered for the annual meeting of the scientific committee of the international whaling commission . nabu international and the leading hector ' s and maui dolphin expert , professor liz slooten of the university of otago , presented the latest population figures . unless the level of fisheries protection is increased significantly , maui’s dolphins could become extinct in 15 years or less . the iwc reports that not enough is

around new zealand dolphins continue to die as a result of set - netting . in february 2018 a pod of five hector’s dolphins died after being caught in a set net 6 nautical miles off banks peninsula . to ensure the survival of both hector’s and maui’s dolphins , deaths from fishing must be zero .

hector’s dolphin inhabits shallow coastal waters less than 100 m deep and is typically found within 7 km of the coast . however , it has been sighted up to 35 km offshore in certain areas ( 12 ) .

human - made chemicals such as pcbs , ddts and dioxins accumulate in hector ' s dolphins which could potentially affect reproductive rates .

this map shows the area where hector’s dolphins live ( red ) and the area where they are now protected ( green ) .

thorpe , c . w . , bates , r . h . t . & dawson , s . m . 1991 . intrinsic echolocation capability of hector’s dolphin cephalorhynchus hectori . j . acoust . soc . am . 90 ( 6 ) : 2931 - 2934 .

hector ' s dolphins were previously thought to be a mainly inshore species , however clement ' s team found up to half the population in unprotected waters beyond four nautical miles offshore .

fishing - related threats include entanglement in set nets , trawl nets , drift nets and crayfish pot lines . 188 hector’s and maui’s dolphins have been killed in set nets since 1973 .

dawson , s . m . , du fresne , s . , slooten , e . & wade , p . r . 2000 . line - transect survey of hector’s dolphin abundance between motunau and timaru . published client report on contract 3072 , funded by conservation services levy . department of conservation , wellington . 18pp .

an alternative method of mark - recapture is using genetic tissue samples . this is the method used for māui dolphin abundance estimates . read more about māui dolphin genetic mark recapture .

) are marine cetaceans endemic to the coastal waters of new zealand . there are 4 main regional populations of hector’s dolphins , which are geographically and reproductively isolated from each other . of the 4 distinct populations of hector ' s dolphins , one is found along the west coast of north island , between dargaville and new plymouth . this particular population , referred to as maui ' s dolphin , is very small , containing approximately 111 individuals . their range has greatly declined over the last few decades . on the south island , there are three populations of hector ' s dolphin that are genetically distinct from one another . these populations reside along the west , east and south coasts , excluding fiordland . the total population of hector’s dolphins around the south island was estimated at 7240 individuals in 2004 , with 5388 found on the west coast , mostly concentrated between 41º30’s and 44º30’s . hector’s dolphins are most abundant between karamea and makawhio point on the west coast and around banks peninsula on the east coast .

slooten , e . 1991 . age , growth and reproduction in hector’s dolphins . canadian journal of zoology 69 : 1689 - 1700 .

important note : due to the considerable difference in the methods between line - transect and mark - recapture surveys , the results do not indicate any trend such as an increase in the hector’s dolphin population of te waewae bay .

slooten , e . , dawson , s . m . and whitehead , h . 1993 . associations among photographically identified hector’s dolphins . canadian journal of zoology 71 : 2311 - 2318 .

slooten , e . , s . dawson , w . rayment . 2004 . aerial surveys for coastal dolphins : abundance of hector’s dolphins off the south island west coast , new zealand .

slooten , e . and dawson , s . m . 1989 . hector’s dolphin : a case study for integrating conservation and fishing . in “management of new zealand’s natural estate” ( d . a . norton , ed . ) . occasional publication no . 1 , new zealand ecological society , christchurch . pp . 112 - 114 .

in moreton bay , australia . in : leatherwood s , reeves rr ( eds ) the bottlenose dolphin . academic , san diego , pp 285–293

wwf - new zealand advocates increased protection of the dolphin through government fisheries and conservation decisions , and supports a community and schools awareness programmes . wwf also carries out research to inform management , including a public sightings network for māui dolphin via a dedicated website and toll - free number ; aerial surveys for distribution and abundance ; genetic research ; and brings together organisations which are working to protect hector ' s dolphin .

rayment , w . j . , dawson , s . m . and slooten , e . 2010 . seasonal changes in distribution of hector’s dolphin at banks peninsula , new zealand : implications for protected area design . aquatic conservation : marine and freshwater ecosystems 20 : 106 - 116 .

there are four genetically distinct populations of hector ' s dolphin : off the west coast of north island , and the west , east and south coasts of south island . a current estimate puts the population at around 7000 individuals .

if you are in the north island and think you’ve seen a māui or hector’s dolphin , report it straight away to our emergency hotline 0800 doc hot ( 0800 362 468 ) . we are interested in all sightings of māui or hector ' s dolphins around the north island , but especially south of raglan and around the south and east coasts of the north island .

the banks peninsula marine mammal sanctuary in canterbury was established in 1988 primarily to reduce set - net deaths of hector’s dolphins in the area .

the majority of wwf ' s work on the protection of hector ' s and maui ' s dolphins is carried out by wwf - new zealand . visit the wwf - new zealand website for more extensive information on the species and wwf ' s efforts to bring them back from the brink of extinction .

slooten , e . , fletcher , d . & taylor , b . l . 2000 . accounting for uncertainty in risk assessment : case study of hector’s dolphin mortality due to gillnet entanglement . conservation biology 14 : 1264 - 1270 .

the north island hector’s dolphin has been renamed ‘maui’s dolphin’ after the maori god maui who legend has it fished up the north island from the sea ( the south island was his waka or canoe ) . a set net ban has also been put in place in the area where the dolphins live . maui’s dolphins have an estimated population of 150 , where hector’s dolphins are thought to number 7 , 000 around the south island . life may seem idyllic for hector’s dolphins , but they do have natural predators . these are mainly sevengill sharks , blue sharks and orca . the biggest threat to the dolphins comes from the net fishing activity of humans . these unintentionally trap dolphins underwater so they cannot come up for air and drown

dawson , s . m . 1988 . the high - frequency sounds of free - ranging hector’s dolphins cephalorhynchus hectori . rep . int . whal . commn special issue 9 : 339 - 344 .

according to the iucn red list of threatened species , north island hector ' s dolphins are " critically endangered " and south island hector ' s dolphins are " endangered " . hector’s dolphins are regularly caught in gillnets , which is by far the greatest threat to their survival . small population size , segregated genetic groups , and low population growth rates ( maximum plausible annual growth rate = 1 . 8 % ) pose a significant threat to their persistence . trawl nets , pollution , tourism , boat strikes and possibly mining are also thought to affect hector ' s dolphins .

nicola wheen is a senior lecturer at new zealand’s university of otago’s faculty of law . her latest paper , entitled

ridgway , sam . 1987 . the dolphin doctor . fawcett crest : new york , ny .

set net fishing poses a major threat to hector’s and māui dolphin . like all marine mammals they need to come to the surface regularly to breathe . if they become tangled in set nets , they will hold their breath until they suffocate .

hector ' s dolphins of all ages spend a lot of time playing . they surf a lot at beaches when seas are quite rough . in calmer weather a favourite game is playing with bits of seaweed . the dolphin will carry it until it falls off or until some other dolphin " steals it " . they have even been seen playing with bits of floating sticks and leaves . hector ' s are very curious and people friendly which is why they like to visit boats .

hector’s dolphin is one of the smallest cetaceans , and new zealand’s only endemic cetacean . this charming little dolphin is only 1 . 4 meters long at the most , with the males being slightly smaller than the females . at its heaviest , this dolphin does not weigh more than 50 kilograms . hector’s dolphins do not have the beak usually associated with dolphins in general , but have instead a shorter face which makes them look more ‘whale - like’ . the back of this dolphin is light grey or white , with white extending down the front of the face . the throat and undersides are white , while black patches surround the eye region and extend to the rounded flippers . the round dorsal fin and the tail are also black .

clement said policy makers had been provided with with robust scientific evidence so they could make effective decisions around protecting and managing hector ' s dolphins .

new information from new zealand’s department of conservation reveals that a record six hector’s dolphins were found dead last december . five of the deaths occurred along the east coast of the country’s south island . the sustainable limit for this area is just one dolphin per year . another individual was washed up along the west coast . in 1988 new zealand’s established its first marine mammals sanctuary to protect the hector’s dolphins against harmful fishing practices , the primary cause of their decline . but sanctuary is failing in its task because it is simply too small . read more . . .

slooten , e . , w . rayment , s . dawson . 2006 . offshore distribution of hector’s dolphins at banks peninsula , new zealand : is the banks peninsula marine mammal sanctuary large enough ? .

reynolds iii , j . e . , r . s . wells , and s . d . eide . 2000 . the bottlenose dolphin : biology and conservation . university press of florida : gainesville , fl .

hector ' s dolphin is endemic to the coastal waters of new zealand , where it is threatened by fisheries bycatch , pollutants and boat disturbance . recent surveys estimate the total abundance at about 7000 animals , fragmented into three populations around the south island , and a sub - species ( māui dolphin ) on the west coast of the north island .

the average lifespan of hector ' s dolphins has not been documented . however , the oldest recorded individual was 20 years old at time of capture .

banning the use of set netting . south australia , and several states in the us have already done so , and this is the only way to ensure no more hector’s or maui’s die in this way .

this species was once hunted for bait , but this has now stopped . due to the coastal habitat of hector ' s dolphin , the species is vulnerable to a large number of different threats such as chemical pollution , vessel traffic and habitat modification .

pryor , karen , and kenneth s . norris , eds . 1991 . dolphin societies : discoveries and puzzles . university of california press : berkeley , ca .

nabu international foundation for nature seeks to influence fisheries legislation and the seafood industry for the long - term benefit of new zealand ' s native endangered maui dolphins and endangered hector ' s dolphins . as well as taking action to educate and inspire support , nabu collaborates with marine biologists and conservationists committed to fighting for the survival of maui and hector ' s dolphins .

slooten , e . , dawson , s . , rayment , w . and childerhouse , s . ( 2010 ) a new abundance estimate for maui ' s dolphin : what does it mean for managing this critically endangered species ? . biological conservation , 128 : 576 - 581 .

hector ' s dolphins are one of the world ' s rarest dolphins and at only 1 . 4 metres long and 50 kilograms they ' re also one of the smallest . the species is listed as endangered .

action has been taken to protect the dolphin from fishing by closing part of the dolphin ' s range on the west coast north island to gillnetting , and by setting an allowable level of fishing - related mortality for part of the east coast of the south island .

dawson , s . m . , slooten , e . pichler . f . , russell , k . & qmp ; baker , c . s . 2001 . north island hector’s dolphins are threatened with extinction . marine mammal science 17 ( 2 ) : 366 - 371 .

slooten , e . , dawson , s . m . , rayment , w . j . and childerhouse , s . j . 2006 . a new abundance estimate for maui’s dolphin : what does it mean for managing this critically endangered species ? biological conservation 128 : 576 - 581 .

vessel - based surveys were conducted in te waewae bay , southland during 2004 and 2005 ( green et al . 2007 ) . the aims of the study were to provide an abundance estimate and document the distribution of the hector’s dolphin population that used the bay .

rayment , w . , dawson , s . m . , slooten , e . , brager , s . , dufresne , s . and webster , t . 2009 . kernel density estimates of alongshore home range of hector’s dolphins ( cephalorhynchus hectori ) at banks peninsula . marine mammal science . 25 ( 3 ) : 537 - 556 .

this dolphin tends to occur in groups of up to five individuals , which may aggregate temporarily . young are reported to play with seaweed , blow bubbles and are involved with other ' games ' which are considered to be important social behaviours . hector ' s dolphin emits sounds that are thought to be used for communication , notably the complex clicks produced in large groups .

slooten , e . , dawson , s . m . , rayment , w . j . and childerhouse , s . j . 2005 . distribution of maui’s dolphin , cephalorhynchus hectori maui . new zealand fisheries assessment report 2005 / 28 , 21p . published by ministry of fisheries , wellington .

slooten , e . , dawson , s . m . and lad , f . 1992 . survival rates of photographically identified hector’s dolphins from 1984 to 1988 . marine mammal science 8 ( 4 ) : 327 - 343 .

the society for marine mammalogy ( smm ) is urging the new zealand government to halt seismic testing in maui’s dolphin habitat immediately . in a letter to new zealand’s prime minister the smm expressed concerns about seismic surveys in the home of the little known maui’s dolphin , the rarest dolphin species on earth . the president of the society prof . helen marsh said that allowing seismic testing in the dolphins’ habitat may harm their hearing and push them into unprotected areas , where they are more exposed to fishing nets . the impact on the remaining maui’s dolphins could be devastating . read more . . .

hector ' s dolphins are members of the family ' delphinidae ' - there are about 32 species of dolphins found throughout the world . the hector ' s is the smallest oceanic dolphin with female adults only reaching about 1 . 2 to 1 . 4 metres long and weighing approx . 47 kilograms , while the males are slightly smaller and weigh about 10 kilograms less . by comparison the largest of all dolphins , the huge orca or killer whale is many times larger , and the bottle nose dolphin grow to the length of a small family car .

bejder , l . and dawson , s . m . 2001 . abundance , residency and habitat utilisation of hector’s dolphins in porpoise bay , new zealand . new zealand journal of marine and freshwater research 35 : 277 - 287 .

webster , t . , dawson , s . m . , and slooten , e . evidence for sex segregation in hector’s dolphins ( cephalorhynchus hectori ) . aquatic mammals . 35 ( 2 ) : 212 - 219 . 2009 .

dawson , s . m . , and slooten , e . 1993 . conservation of hector’s dolphins : the case and process which led to establishment of the banks peninsula marine mammal sanctuary . aquatic conservation 3 : 207 - 221 .

adult south island hector’s dolphins don’t often exceed 1 . 5 m in length and weigh between 40 and 60 kg . males are slightly smaller and lighter than females .

the total population of hector ' s dolphins is somewhere between 5 , 000 and 7 , 000 . around 900 dolphins make their home around banks peninsula and they often come into akaroa and lyttelton harbours . these two places are , without doubt , the best places to view these beautiful dolphins , however hector’s dolphins range right around the south island with many being found off the south island’s west coast .

if you see a maui’s dolphin , report it to to doc on 0800 doc hot - 0800 362 468 or wwf on 0800 4 mauis - 0800 462 847 . with a population estimate of less than 55 maui ' s every sighting is important

slooten , e . , dawson , s . m . and rayment , w . 2002 . quantifying abundance of hector’s dolphins between farewell spit and milford sound . doc science internal series 35 . 18pp . department of conservation , wellington .

dawson , s . m . 2001 . fine - scale abundance estimates from the 2000 / 2001 aerial survey of hector’s dolphins on the south island west coast . doc science internal series 21 . 9pp . department of conservation , wellington .

rayment , w . , clement , d . , dawson , s . , slooten , e . , and secchi , e . 2011 . distribution of hector’s dolphin ( cephalorhynchus hectori ) off the west coast , south island , new zealand , with implications for the management of bycatch . marine mammal science 27 ( 2 ) : 398 - 420 .

rare sightings of hector ' s dolphins have been reported off the coast of chb at this time of year , and a pod of orcas are also often seen there .

bejder , l . , dawson , s . m . & harraway , j . 1999 . responses of hector’s dolphins to boats and swimmers in porpoise bay , new zealand . marine mammal science 15 ( 3 ) : 738 - 750 .

the last 40 years has seen a rapid decline in their numbers . in the 1970s their population sat at around 29 , 000 . today , this has shrunk to around 15 , 000 . the even rarer sub - species of hector’s dolphin , the maui dolphin , is under even greater threat . their population is now estimated to be less than 80 individuals , with an adult population of just 55 .

if you have spotted a māui or hector’s dolphin in taranaki , wellington , wairarapa , hawke ' s bay , bay of plenty , east coast auckland , or northland , our staff might contact you via phone or radio , and may attempt to collect a genetic sample on arrival . if you are unable to call , you can report the sighting online .

hector’s dolphins are near the top of the food chain and likely play an important role in regulating local fish populations . during the spring and summer , white - fronted terns (

in 1988 new zealand established its first marine mammal sanctuary on the east coast of the country ' s south island to protect the resident hector ' s dolphin population against harmful fishing nets . but the so - called ' sanctuary ' is failing in its task because it is simply too small . what ' s more , the new zealand government has been aware of this fact since at least 2009 but is refusing to act . read more

dawson , s . , slooten , e . , dufresne , s . d . , wade , p . and clement , d . ( 2004 ) small - boat surveys for coastal dolphins : line - transect surveys for hector ' s dolphins ( cephalorhynchus hectori ) . fisheries bulletin , 201 : 441 - 451 .

both subspecies are classified on the international union for the conservation of nature ( iucn ) red list . hector’s are listed as ‘endangered’ , and maui’s as ‘critically endangered’ . this means that both species face extinction in the wild . human induced threats are the main problem for both species . boat strike , mining , construction , coastal development , pollution , marine tourism , marine farming and climate change are all hugely dangerous for hector’s and maui’s . the biggest single known threat , however , is from fishing .

if the dolphin is dead , either release the carcass at sea or preferably bring it to shore for us to recover .

shane , susan h . 1988 . the bottlenose dolphin in the wild . hatcher trade press : san carlos , ca .

dr _ liz _ slooten _ - _ unpicking _ the _ mpi _ hectors _ dolphin _ report _ 160823 . mp3

rayment , w . dawson , s . , and slooten e . 2009 . acoustic monitoring of cephalorhynchus dolphins with the t - pod : a case study with hector’s dolphins in a marine protected area . endangered species research . 10 : 333 - 339 .

webster , t . , dawson , s . m . , and slooten , e . a simple laser photogrammetry technique for measuring hector’s dolphins ( cephalorhynchus hectori ) in the field . marine mammal science 26 ( 2 ) : 296 - 308 . 2010 .

the new zealand government has exposed its anti - conservation stance in the most spectacular way . at the recent iucn world conservation congress , new zealand was the only nation to cast a vote against a motion in favour of better protection of the last 55 or so maui ' s dolphins and their endangered cousins , the hector ' s dolphin . with about 6000 daily participants , the meeting is the world’s largest conservation event and brings together professionals and governments to discuss the environment . the iucn ' s demands perfectly match those of our

dawson , s . m . and lusseau , d . 2005 . pseudoreplication problems in studies of dolphin and porpoise reactions to pingers . marine mammal science 21 ( 1 ) . 175 - 176 .

dawson , s . m . , and slooten , e . 1992 . conservation of hector’s dolphins : a review of studies which led to the establishment of the banks peninsula marine mammal sanctuary . canterbury conservancy technical report series 4 . department of conservation , canterbury .

consumer power represents significant hope for the maui dolphin . mcdonald ' s buys new zealand fish which goes into their filet - o - fish and so supports the very industry driving maui to extinction . please

calista w . has opened her heart to the plight of new zealand maui’s dolphins in a big way . just eight years old and about the size of a maui ' s dolphin , she is on a mission to tell the dolphins ' sad story and to touch your heart .

the reproduction rate of hector’s dolphin is extremely low : barely 2 percent per year . they breed 2 - 4 times a year , and females can only have up to 7 offspring throughout its life . males reach sexual maturity at 5 - 9 years and females at 7 - 9 years of age . both are polygamous .

slooten , e . dawson , s . m . and rayment , w . j . 2004 . aerial surveys for coastal dolphins : abundance of hector’s dolphins off the south island west coast , new zealand . marine mammal science 20 ( 3 ) : 477 - 490 .

dawson , s . m . , slooten , e . dufresne , s . d . , wade , p . r . and clement , d . m . 2004 . small - boat surveys for coastal dolphins : line - transect surveys of hector’s dolphins ( cephalorhynchus hectori ) . fishery bulletin 102 ( 3 ) : 441 - 451 . m .

heithaus mr , dill lm ( 2002 ) food availability and tiger shark predation risk influence bottlenose dolphin habitat use . ecology 83 : 480–491

this dolphin tends to occur in small groups of two to ten individuals . these groups sometimes join together forming larger temporary aggregations . hector’s dolphins undertake short dives for about 90 seconds and feed on a variety of small fish and squid . hector’s dolphins reproduce slowly and without human impacts have a maximum population growth rate of about 2 percent per year . females reach maturity at around 7 to 9 years of age , and males between 5 and 9 years . courtship behaviour involves close contact , leaping , chasing and belly displays . each female has one calf every 2 - 4 years which tends to be born between late spring and summer ( 6 ) . a maximum age of about 20 - 25 years has been observed . hector’s dolphins are unusual in that they only produce short , high frequency clicks , not whistles like many other species of dolphin ( 7 ) .

the findings of a three - year marine aerial survey to update the dolphin ' s population and distribution show there are between 12 , 000 and 18 , 500 dolphins , almost double the last estimation of 7000 .

- through education , research and rescue , dolphin research center promotes peaceful coexistence , cooperation and communication between marine mammals , humans and the environment we share with the well being of drc ' s animals taking precedence .

in 2008 , jim anderton ( then minister of fisheries ) put in place a comprehensive package of protection measures for maui’s and hector’s dolphins . again , the trust was at the forefront of this development , providing most of the research data and public education essential to reaching this goal .

rayment , w . dawson , s . m . and slooten , e . 2009 . trialling an automated passive acoustic detector ( t - pod ) with hector’s dolphins ( cephalorhynchus hectori ) . journal of the marine biological association . published online doi : 10 . 1017 / s0025315409003129 .

hutton , j . , blair , d . , slooten , e . , and dawson , s . m . 1987 . case studies of fluke induced lesions in the mesenteric lymph node of hector’s dolphins ( cephalorhynchus hectori ) . diseases of aquatic organisms 2 : 83 - 86 .

aggression in hector’s dolphins is expressed via tail - splashing , chasing , biting , and bubble - blowing . breaching , which is often done when feeding , appears to be associated with a state of excitement . in addition , lobtailing is associated with excitement and sometimes aggression . dolphins often flex their body at the water surface and swim on their sides during feeding . hector’s dolphins are slow swimmers relative to other delphinids and use an undulating motion to move through the water . dives usually last less than 3 minutes . hector’s dolphins tend to swim closer together when in close proximity to boats , which may be an indication of stress .

cameron , c . , barker , r . , fletcher , d . , slooten , e . and dawson , s . 1999 . modelling survival of hector’s dolphins around banks peninsula , new zealand . journal of agricultural , biological and environmental statistics 4 ( 2 ) : 126 - 135 .

stockin , k . , r . law , w . roe , l . meynier , e . martinez , p . duignan , p . bridgen , b . jones . 2010 . pcbs and organochlorine pesticides in hector’s ( cephalorhynchus hectori hectori ) and maui’s ( cephalorhynchus hectori maui ) dolphins .

“the most contentious issue in this plan is how far to extend the set net ban . we are taking a cautious approach by banning set netting where there is clear evidence the maui’s dolphin go while not unnecessarily banning fishing where they are not . there have been five reported maui’s sightings in recent years in the area of the extension . there have been no sightings of maui’s dolphin south of the set net ban area despite 91 days of fishing trips monitored by independent observers on vessels over the past year , ” dr smith says .

commercial fishing nets used to be a problem but that too is improving . the department of conservation created the banks peninsula marine mammal sanctuary in 1988 to help offer refuge to those hector’s dolphins that had gotten injured .

the hector’s dolphin only inhabits around the south island of new zealand and a small region of the north island . its distribution is the most limited of all extant cetaceans . for habitat , it prefers shallow coastal waters with depths less than 100 meters . it lives about 7 kilometers off the coasts and can reach estuaries , river mouths , and shallow bays .

slooten , e . , dawson , s . m . and rayment , w . j . ( 2004 ) aerial surveys for coastal dolphins : abundance of hector ' s dolphins off the south island west coast , new zealand . marine mammal science , 20 ( 3 ) : 477 - 490 .

slooten , e . , dawson , s . m . , and rayment , w . j . 2006 . offshore distribution of hector’s dolphins at banks peninsula : is the banks peninsula marine mammal sanctuary large enough ? nz journal of marine and freshwater research 40 ( 2 ) : 333 - 343 .

firstly come for an akaroa harbour cruise with us to really appreciate how special the dolphins are . we ' ll tell you all about them too , but there is nothing like seeing them for yourself to get a full appreciation . part of your ticket price goes towards dolphin research and education . other things you can do to help the dolphins is support the department of conservation as they find new ways to protect the species , including more marine mammal sanctuaries , which will stop dolphins being killed in set nets . doc also opposes marine mussel farms which may impact the dolphin’s habitat . if you own your own boat , and see the hector ' s dolphin , ask the driver to slow down to avoid turning suddenly . do not chase the dolphins . often , if you simply stop the boat , they will come and see you . avoid using set nets ( also called gillnets ) close to shore , where the dolphins are most common . if you ever see a hector ' s dolphin stranded on the beach , call the department of conservation , they would like to hear about it .

male hector’s dolphins reach sexual maturity between ages 6 and 9 , and females reach sexual maturity between ages 7 and 9 . they mate in the summer , have a gestation period between 10 and 12 months , and parturition occurs from early november to mid february . hector’s dolphins reproduce every 2 to 4 years and usually one calf is born at a time . females can give birth to a maximum of 7 calves during their lifetime .

feel free to remove post if of topic . my name is jurgen schwanecke . i ' m a year 12 student at rathkeale college in the wairarapa . me and a group of friends are part of a business group known as maui dolphin t - shirts . we are selling t - shirts that have critically endangered maui dolphin on them . we plan to donate 50 % of our profits to the nzwhale & dolphin trust . we would immensely appreciate the support for our cause to help protect the maui dolphin . you can learn more at maui tee project face book page thank you


negera unispinosa is a moth in the drepanidae family .

it was described by watson in 1965 .

it is found in malawi .

the length of the forewings is about 21.5 mm for males and 24.5 mm for females .

the colour-pattern of the wings is as for negera confusa .

the costa of the forewings is pale pinkish brown , with a brown apical costal marking , edged distally with white .

the remaining two costal markings are pink and the area between the medial fascia is pale yellowish brown enclosing a large paler area at the end of the cell .

the area distal to the postmedial fascia is pale yellowish brown and speckled with black at the anal margin between the postmedial fascia and the tornus .

the hindwings are very pale buff proximal to the antemedial fascia , pinkish buff between the antemedial and medial fasciae and pale yellowish brown distal to medial fascia .

negera unispinosa

negera unispinosa <EOT> html public " - / / w3c / / dtd html 4 . 01 transitional / / en " " urltoken "

nb : the taxon name search is for single names only . for example , to locate dysodia vitrina flammata warren , 1904 you should enter flammata only .

we use cookies to optimise your experience when using this site . view our cookie policy and our new privacy notice .

biostor is built by @ rdmpage , code on github . page images from the biodiversity heritage library .

html public " - / / w3c / / dtd xhtml 1 . 0 transitional / / en " " urltoken "

confused by a class within a class or an order within an order ? please see our brief essay .

to cite this page : myers , p . , r . espinosa , c . s . parr , t . jones , g . s . hammond , and t . a . dewey . 2018 . the animal diversity web ( online ) . accessed at https : / / animaldiversity . org .

disclaimer : the animal diversity web is an educational resource written largely by and for college students . adw doesn ' t cover all species in the world , nor does it include all the latest scientific information about organisms we describe . though we edit our accounts for accuracy , we cannot guarantee all information in those accounts . while adw staff and contributors provide references to books and websites that we believe are reputable , we cannot necessarily endorse the contents of references beyond our control .

this material is based upon work supported by the national science foundation grants drl 0089283 , drl 0628151 , due 0633095 , drl 0918590 , and due 1122742 . additional support has come from the marisla foundation , um college of literature , science , and the arts , museum of zoology , and information and technology services .

watson a . 1965a . a revision of the ethiopian drepanidae ( lepidoptera ) . - bulletin of the british museum of natural history ( entomology ) supplement 3 : 1–178 , pls . 1–18 .

this article is issued from wikipedia - version of the 3 / 29 / 2015 . the text is available under the creative commons attribution / share alike but additional terms may apply for the media files .

our website has detected that you are using an outdated insecure browser that will prevent you from using the site . we suggest you upgrade to a modern browser .

walker f . list of the specimens of lepidopterous insects in the collection of the british museum . part v . – lepidoptera heterocera . — 1855c

nomenclator zoologicus . a list of the names of genera and subgenera in zoology from the tenth edition of linnaeus , 1758 to the end of 2004 . digitised by ubio from vols . 1 - 9 of neave ( ed . ) , 1939 - 1996 plus supplementary digital - only volume . urltoken ( as at 2006 ) .

popular : trivia , history , america , television , tv , usa , geography , cities , . . . more

popular : trivia , history , america , television , tv , usa , world , geography , . . . more


the masked duck ( nomonyx dominicus ) is a tiny stiff-tailed duck ranging through the tropical americas .

they are found from mexico to south america and also in the caribbean .

primarily not migratory , masked ducks are reported as very uncommon vagrants in the southernmost united states , along the mexican border and in florida .

as of 2000 , the conservation status for masked ducks in texas is 3,800 birds .

on april 1 , 1962 , it was recorded from lowndes county , georgia , where it was photographed by alexander wetmore .

the only member of the genus nomonyx , it is intermediate between the rather primitive black-headed duck ( heteronetta ) and the very apomorphic true stiff-tailed ducks .

it is sometimes included with the latter in the genus oxyura , but apparently the masked ducks now are the descendants of a missing link in the oxyurinae evolution , having changed but little for millions of years .

breeding adult males have a rust-colored body with a black face and mottled wings .

adult females , winter males , and juveniles have a barred brownish gray body , with two horizontal , dark-colored stripes running through the buff-colored face .

these ducks mainly feed on seeds , roots , and leaves of aquatic plants .

they also eat aquatic insects and crustaceans .

they feed by diving .

masked ducks breed in any freshwater body with marsh vegetation and surrounded by heavy tree cover .

they also occur in mangrove swamps .

these ducks are usually very secretive , but they are not rare and not considered threatened by the iucn .

masked duck

masked duck <EOT> the masked duck in the united states by paul a . johnsgard and dirk hagemeyer

the masked duck was first described in 1766 by carolus linnaeus , swedish botanist , physician and zoologist .

details from captive populations of masked duck are particularly lacking . informed conservation of this species will depend on filling these gaps in knowledge .

range : the masked duck is found from s usa ( s texas ) , mexico and west indies , s to nw peru , and e of andes to ne argentina .

the masked duck male performs similar displays that the ruddy duck . it raises the stiff tail and lowers the bill onto its breast while giving soft calls “oo - oo - oo” . it also performs short rushes across the water surface . the neck appears inflated when the male approaches the female , while uttering its soft calls . the female remains motionless with the bill raised and the neck outstretched . the masked duck is probably monogamous but with short - term pair bonds .

introduction : the masked duck is a very secretive duck that is uncommon throughout its wide range from mexico to south america and caribbean . it was formerly a member of the genus oxyura , but it has now its own genus nomonyx . it is a small , stiff - tailed duck , usually found in a variety of freshwater bodies with marshy vegetation and heavy tree cover on the shores . it feeds mainly on plant material , but it also consumes aquatic invertebrates . the masked duck is not globally threatened , but hunting and drainage of wetlands involve some decline of the population .

johnsgard and carbonell’s ( 1996 ) treatise on the stiff - tailed ducks , the most thorough treatment to date of this group , points out how little is known of the masked duck compared to other stifftails .

the masked duck has a large range , estimated globally at 8 , 400 , 000 square kilometers . native to the americas and nearby island nations , this bird prefers wetland and forest ecosystems . the global population of this bird has not been precisely determined , but does not show signs of decline that would necessitate inclusion on the iucn red list . for this reason , the current evaluation status of the masked duck is least concern .

masked duck : small stifftail duck with black - tipped blue bill and black mask with thin white eye - ring . body is rufous - brown with black streaks on the back and sides ; white wing patches are visible in flight . feeds on aquatic plants , insects and crustaceans . direct flight with rapid wing beats .

a tropical duck , periodically invading southern texas and florida . smaller than the ruddy duck and able to take flight from the water much more easily , the masked duck may colonize small and temporary bodies of water . it is generally easy to overlook , as it spends much time resting within dense marsh growth , and may clamber about through marsh like a rail . when on open water , however , it can be rather tame .

protection / threats / status : the masked duck is vulnerable to predation at nest by southern crested caracara ( c . plancus ) and rats . it is threatened by over hunting and drainage of wetlands , and also by human pressure . the population was estimated to number 50 , 000 / 499 , 999 individuals in 2008 , but a previous estimate in 2005 was 25 , 000 / 100 , 000 individuals . however , the population is suspected to be declining . but currently , the masked duck is evaluated as least concern .

the masked duck has direct flight with rapid wingbeats . it takes - off from water nearly vertical , like the dabbling ducks . it does not need to run over the surface to take flight . when it returns , it often drops quickly into the dense cover .

the masked duck is mostly sedentary but the species can be nomadic and dispersive , due , at least , to fluctuations of water levels . it may occur far beyond its breeding range , and is sometimes recorded in s florida and texas . it also reaches the coast of n peru .

masked duck : found primarily in the tropics and neotropics with populations throughout mexico . strays to texas where it has bred . multiple records for louisiana and florida , single records for several other eastern u . s . states . inhabits marshy ponds with heavy vegetation , often found in rice fields .

calls and songs : sounds by xeno - canto the masked duck male gives repeated , throaty “kir - roo - kirroo - kiroo” during the displays , and softer “oo - oo - oo” similar to the cooing of a pigeon . the female produces a repeated hiss when disturbed , and clucking calls .

the masked duck is usually seen in pairs or in small groups of up to 20 or more , usually of its own species , but sometimes with the ruddy duck . it swims low in water or partially submerged with only head and neck above the surface . very secretive , it often escapes by diving or swimming and pushing into the dense marshy vegetation in which it clambers like a rail . this species may colonize small and temporary bodies of water .

masked duck inhabits ponds and small lakes covered with emergent vegetation from northern argentina north through south america ( east of the andes ) , central america , and the caribbean to north america . in the united states it is considered an irregular visitor to louisiana and florida and a resident of texas , the only state where nesting has been documented .

the masked duck adult male in breeding plumage has rufous - chestnut black - spotted plumage on flanks and upperparts . the wings and the stiff tail are blackish . on the upperwing , we can see a large , white patch , conspicuous in flight . on the underparts , breast and belly are buffy - white . the axillaries are white .

habitat : the masked duck frequents marshy ponds with emergent vegetation such as rushes . it is often seen on small freshwater bodies and roadside ditches . it favours the waters surrounded by dense tree cover . in venezuela , it can be seen in mangroves , swamps and ricefields . this species is visible between 880 and 1500 metres of elevation according to the range .

as with other members of the tribe oxyurini , masked duck has elongated and pointed tail - feathers with stiffened shafts . it is distinguished from other stifftails by its large white wing - patch . grebelike and secretive in its behavior , it is sighted only rarely , usually as it slips into dense reeds or below water . often only the tip of its tail and head are visible , as it sinks noiselessly beneath the surface .

carboneras , c . & kirwan , g . m . ( 2018 ) . masked duck ( nomonyx dominicus ) . in : del hoyo , j . , elliott , a . , sargatal , j . , christie , d . a . & de juana , e . ( eds . ) . handbook of the birds of the world alive . lynx edicions , barcelona . ( retrieved from urltoken on 9 july 2018 ) .

behaviour in the wild : the masked duck feeds primarily on a variety of aquatic vegetation , taking mainly seeds , roots , tubers and parts of grasses and sedges . it also takes aquatic invertebrates such as insects and crustaceans . it feeds by diving among nymphaceae and other aquatic vegetation , usually in shallow water and during 20 - 30 seconds . it is rarely active by day , but it often emerges onto open water at night for feeding .

the white plumage of snow geese and tundra swans sometimes takes on a dirty , rusty - brown appearance . the birds aren ' t actually dirty but do show rust - colored highlights from foraging in the iron rich environments of the far north . regarding the well - known description of the sound made by a duck as a " quack , " duck species in north america also variously whistle , squeak , click , and grunt .

reproduction of this species : the masked duck probably breeds all year round throughout its range , with peak between june and october in venezuela , and between november and may in west indies . it nests in single pairs , usually among marsh vegetation in shallow water . the female builds a woven bowl near water in dense vegetation , with reeds and other aquatic plants , and she adds a sparse lining of down . the nest is sometimes covered by vegetal dome .

this species has a long breeding season : nests are found from october until august in texas , june until october in the west indies , and april to september in venezuela ( eitniear 2001 ) . the nest is a deep cup usually near water , sometimes roofed over ( basketball - like ) , containing 4 to 8 eggs . males are believed to play a minor role in rearing the young . masked duck numbers increase during the rainy season and following temperate wet cycles and hurricane rains that create new ponds with emergent vegetation .

the anatidae are represented in north america by sixty - nine species in twenty - three genera ( including the extinct labrador duck ) . members of this well known bird family include the graceful , long - necked swans , familiar geese of farm fields and golf courses , and the many species of ducks .

4 - 10 . smaller and smoother than those of ruddy duck , whitish to pale buff . females sometimes lay eggs in each others ' nests . incubation is by female , about 4 weeks . young : not well known . probably leave nest shortly after hatching , are tended by female but feed themselves , as in other stifftails . age at first flight not known .

html public " - / / w3c / / dtd xhtml 1 . 0 strict / / en " " urltoken "

thank you for taking the time to provide feedback on the iucn red list of threatened species website , we are grateful for your input .

sacc . 2005 and updates . a classification of the bird species of south america . available at : urltoken .

justification : this species has an extremely large range , and hence does not approach the thresholds for vulnerable under the range size criterion ( extent of occurrence < 20 , 000 km2 combined with a declining or fluctuating range size , habitat extent / quality , or population size and a small number of locations or severe fragmentation ) . despite the fact that the population trend appears to be decreasing , the decline is not believed to be sufficiently rapid to approach the thresholds for vulnerable under the population trend criterion ( > 30 % decline over ten years or three generations ) . the population size is very large , and hence does not approach the thresholds for vulnerable under the population size criterion ( < 10 , 000 mature individuals with a continuing decline estimated to be > 10 % in ten years or three generations , or with a specified population structure ) . for these reasons the species is evaluated as least concern .

partners in flight estimate the total population to number 50 , 000 - 499 , 999 individuals ( a . panjabi in litt . 2008 ) . previously , kear ( 2005 ) estimated 25 , 000 - 100 , 000 individuals . trend justification : the population is suspected to be declining owing to over - hunting and human pressure ( del hoyo et al . 1992 ) .

to make use of this information , please check the < terms of use > .

) , version 1 . 0 . in neotropical birds online ( t . s . schulenberg , editor ) . cornell lab of ornithology , ithaca , ny , usa .

despite wide range in american tropics , seems not to be very common anywhere . secretive behavior and nomadic movements make it difficult to estimate total population or to provide protection for species .

marshes , ponds . in united states mainly found on ponds and impoundments with extensive marsh growth and some open water . in tropics also found on mangrove lagoons , swamps , rice plantations .

probably mostly plant material . diet not well known . apparently eats mostly plant material , including seeds and roots of smartweeds , sedges , grasses , and various other aquatic and waterside plants . also eats some aquatic insects and crustaceans .

breeding behavior not well known . the few known texas nestings have been in fall . displays of male apparently include raising tail and lowering bill onto chest while making soft calls , also making short rushes across surface of water . nest site is among marsh vegetation in shallow water . nest ( built by female ) is a woven bowl of reeds and grasses , perhaps with sparse lining of down .

may travel mostly at night . apparently not truly migratory , but wanders unpredictably . seems to invade texas from eastern mexico after a series of unusually wet years has created much appropriate habitat . strays have wandered far outside normal range , reaching wisconsin , massachusetts , pennsylvania .

audio © lang elliott , bob mcguire , kevin colver , martyn stewart and others .

tell congress to oppose a harmful rider that threatens sage - grouse and other wildlife .

tell congress and the department of the interior to uphold the country ' s most important bird protection law .

previously placed in genus oxyura ; now returned to its previous , monotypic genus following phylogenetic study # r , a decision not countered by other studies # r . monotypic .

from extreme s usa ( s texas ) , mexico and west indies s to nw peru and , e of andes , to ne argentina .

30–36 cm ; male 359–449 g , female 275–445 g . most distinctive and smallest member of the oxyurinae and is more dependent on enclosed waterbodies with very . . .

in display , male makes distinctive “kirri - kirroo - kirri - kirroo kirroo kirroo kirroo” and dull - . . .

freshwater lakes , pools , swamps , marshes and slow - flowing rivers with abundant emergent and . . .

chiefly seeds , roots , tubers and vegetative parts of grasses , sedges and aquatic plants , apparently mainly smartweeds and wild millet , at . . .

starts nov / dec in some regions , especially in s of range , but breeding probably occurs year - round throughout distribution , with peak in jun . . .

mostly sedentary , but subject to some wide - ranging dispersive or nomadic movements when it may . . .

not globally threatened ( least concern ) . widespread and rather uncommon , with overall numbers estimated at 25 , 000–100 , 000 individuals in late 1990s but no information . . .

only subscribers are able to see the bibliography . login or subscribe to get access to a lot of extra features !

only members are able to post public comments . to make the most of all of hbw ' s features , discover our subscriptions now !

genus resurrected on basis chiefly of phylogenetic and ecological study which showed nomonyx to be sister to oxyura # r .

get access to the contents of the hbw including all species accounts , family texts , plates , audiovisual links , updates and related resources .

also available : 2 - year subscription package : 55 . 90 € ( instead of 59 . 90 € ) 3 - year subscription package : 82 € ( instead of 89 . 85 € )

supporting members help us to develop and update the project more quickly and to reach more people by keeping prices down .

view more information , tracking references to their source ( when available on the internet ) .

also available : 2 - year subscription package : 82 . 5 € ( instead of 89 . 9 € ) 3 - year subscription package : 122 . 5 € ( instead of 134 . 85 € )

there is a registration fee of 20€ . this is a one - time only fee when you become a subscriber of hbw alive . you won’t pay it again as long as you renew your subscription before it expires .

if you represent an organization or institution , click here for more information on institutional subscriptions .

this map displays aggregated data from ibc and my birding ( anonymously ) ; markers do not indicate precise localities .

recommended citation birdlife international ( 2018 ) species factsheet : nomonyx dominicus . downloaded from urltoken on 09 / 07 / 2018 . recommended citation for factsheets for more than one species : birdlife international ( 2018 ) iucn red list for birds . downloaded from urltoken on 09 / 07 / 2018 .

html public " - / / w3c / / dtd xhtml 1 . 0 transitional / / en " " urltoken "

a group of ducks has many collective nouns , including a " brace " , " flush " , " paddling " , " raft " , and " team " of ducks .

the anseriformes ( pronounced an - ser - ih - for - meez ) , one of the oldest avian orders , is composed of three families and includes the bizarre and noisy screamers of south america , the odd magpie goose of australia , and the globally distributed swans , geese and ducks .

the swans , geese and ducks are grouped in the anatidae ( pronounced ah - nah - tih - dee ) ; a bird family with one hundred sixty - four species in forty - eight genera , various members of which can be found on all continents .

while all species are known for their association with aquatic habitats , canada geese are also known for their aggressive behavior when guarding their nests and young . after the breeding season , canada geese become better known for the " v " shaped flocks they form during migration .

swans , geese , and ducks are large birds with long necks ( longest in swans , shortest in ducks ) and short tails . all species have webbed feet suited to their aquatic environments and distinctive flat bills - except for the mergansers with their thin , serrated bills ideally suited for catching fish .

although swans and geese are mostly white , brown , and black , many ducks showcase several shades of grays , browns , and blacks combined with fine barring and streaking to result in a variety of beautifully patterned plumages for which females of the species are well known . males in breeding plumage are more boldly patterned and often have iridescent blue or green on the head . both sexes usually show a spot of color in the wing known as a " speculum " .

swans , geese , and ducks occur throughout north america wherever aquatic habitats are found . while geese and some ducks are often found along the shoreline , species that feed on underwater vegetation such as swans and dabbling ducks prefer calm water with depths suited to the length of their necks . in deeper waters , the mergansers , scoters , and diving ducks occur . boldly - patterned harlequin ducks swim in the swift rivers and turbulent seashores of the pacific northwest and some areas of the northeastern u . s . and canada .

a highly migratory family , most species migrate to open , ice - free water in sheltered bays and marshes of the southern united states with some reaching mexico and central america .

members of the anatidae flock together after breeding in large , multi - species groups at sites with good , safe foraging . at such sites , scoters , canvasbacks , and other diving ducks dive for mussels in the deep sections while dabblers such as gadwall and northern shovelers forage on the surface and in the shallows . on the shore , grazers such as geese and the american widgeon forage on grass .

populations of two alaskan diving ducks , the steller ' s and spectacled eiders , are threatened for reasons unknown ; possible causes include changes in their habitats , nest predation by ravens and gulls , hunting , and the on - going effects of lead poisoning . the reasons why the hawaiian goose , and the laysan and hawaiian ducks are endangered are much better understood ; however after nearly going extinct , populations have stabilized but unfortunately don ' t have much room for growth in the limited amount of available habitat .

© 2002 - 2013 urltoken all rights reserved . mitch waite group . no part of this web site may be reproduced without written permission from mitch waite group . privacy policy

establecimiento uaranina ( ruta 39 ) , aprox . 8 km from w of san javier , santa fe

soft ' t r r r r r ' . typical from the oxyurini subfamily males ( = heteronetta atricapilla , oxyura ferruginea ) . also calls from chrysomus ruficapillus

sonogram images © xeno - canto foundation . sonogram images share the same license terms as the recording they depict .

a guide to the birds of mexico and northern central america by steve n . g . howell , sophie webb - oxford university press - isbn : 0198540124

a guide to the birds of colombia by steven l . hilty and william l . brown - princeton university press – isbn 069108372x

birds of peru by thomas s . schulenberg , douglas f . stotz , daniel f . lane , john p . o’neill , theodore a . parker iii – princeton university press 2007 - isbn : 978 - 0 - 691 - 13023 - 1

on the head , a black face mask extends to the rear crown , but nape and neck are uniformly bright chestnut . the bill is bright blue with black nail . the eyes are dark brown , surrounded by whitish eyering . legs and webbed feet are grey - black .

the non - breeding male resembles female , but it has larger white wing patches . on the head , the pattern is less contrasted and the lower cheek stripe is broader .

the adult female has rufous - brown plumage , heavily streaked dark brown , mainly on the upperparts . wings and tail are blackish with smaller white wing patch . the buffy - white underparts are spotted and mottled dark brown . the axillaries are white .

the non - breeding female lacks the rufous tones and becomes mostly sandy - buff .

the juvenile resembles female , but with more uniform underparts . the crown is darker and the upperparts show paler barring .

the female lays 3 - 6 creamy - white eggs , but larger clutches are the result of the laying of several females in the same nest . she incubates alone during four weeks . the chicks probably leave the nest very soon after hatching . they are very similar to the female . they are able to feed themselves , but they are accompanied by the female , and sometimes by both parents . they fledge about 45 days after hatching .


eupithecia nahuelbuta is a moth in the geometridae family .

it is found in the region of araucania ( the province of malleco ) in chile .

the habitat consists of the northern valdivian forest biotic province .

the length of the forewings is about 9 mm .

the forewings are covered with mixture of greyish white , dark brown , brownish black , and reddish brown scales .

the hindwings are greyish white , with scattered greyish brown and dark brown scales .

adults have been recorded on wing in february .

eupithecia nahuelbuta

eupithecia nahuelbuta <EOT> eupithecia lavicaria fuchs , 1902 ( syn : eupithecia lavicata prout , 1914 ) , described from norway .

ash pug ( angle - barred pug ) ( eupithecia innotata f . fraxinata )

the eupithecia ( lepidoptera , geometridae ) of chile . bulletin of the amnh ; v . 186 , article 3

eupithecia is a large genus of moths of the family geometridae . there are hundreds of described species , found in all parts of the world ( 45 in the british isles alone ) , and new species are discovered on a regular basis .

eupithecia species form the bulk of the group commonly known as pugs . they are generally small with muted colours and specific identification can be difficult . as a group they are easily identified by their narrow wings held flat at 90° to the body with the hindwings almost hidden behind the forewings .

the larvae of many species feed on the flowers and seeds of their food plants rather than the foliage . many species have a very specific food plant . some hawaiian eupithecia are predators of other insects ( e . orichloris , e . staurophragma , e . scoriodes ) . they mimic twigs but when sensitive hairs on their backs are triggered , they quickly grab the insects touching them . the defensive behavior of snapping may have pre - adapted hawaii ' s ancestral eupithecia for shifting to predation from feeding on pollen . also , insect predators that behave in this way are lacking in hawaii ' s fauna .

a taxon identifier is composed of name , author , year and attribute , all separated by a blank . these are all extracted from the original publication .

the name is reproduced exactly as proposed in the original publication . the name of a genus is made up of one word and species made up of two words ( genus and species ) separated by a blank .

the author ' s name is made up of a string of letters , with no blanks , and multiple authors ' names are separated by a comma . spelling of author ' s name is based on the original publication . if there are more than three authors , only the names of the first two authors are shown , followed by " , + " and the number of omitted authors .

attribute is enclosed in square brackets . this is rarely needed , but to differentiate homo - identifiers , this will contain the page , line or plate number of original publication .

all diacritic marks , hyphens , and apostrophes are eliminated , thus only the following characters are used : a to z , a to z , 0 to 9 , blank , comma , and opening and closing square brackets . although upper and lower cases are used for the convenience of human recognition , it is not case sensitive .

created by dicky sick ki yu 1997 - 2012 please send me information about errors and omissions ( contact information ) with supporting references , possibly with pdf or hard copy .

html public " - / / w3c / / dtd xhtml 1 . 0 strict / / en " " urltoken "

javascript is disabled for your browser . some features of this site may not work without it .

full - text is provided in portable document format ( pdf ) . to view articles you must have the free adobe acrobat reader . click here to download the latest version . the . epub version displays best on an ipad , but may work on other devices that accept . epub format . download directly to your device’s book reader ( e . g . , ibooks ) or drag into your e - books collection on your computer .

bulletin of the american museum of natural history the bulletin , published continuously since 1881 , consists of longer monographic volumes in the field of natural sciences relating to zoology , paleontology , and geology . current numbers are published at irregular intervals . the bulletin was originally a place to publish short papers , while longer works appeared in the memoirs . however , in the 1920s , the memoirs ceased and the bulletin series began publishing longer papers . a new series , the novitates , published short papers describing new forms .

department of library services american museum of natural history central park west at 79th st . , new york , ny 10024 © american museum of natural history , 2011

html public " - / / w3c / / dtd html 4 . 01 transitional / / en " " urltoken "

to date 683 species of macro - moth along with 1159 species of micro - moth have been recorded in norfolk since records began in victorian times . this site aims to provide full details of all the species that occur ( or once occurred ) in norfolk , with photographs , descriptions , flight graphs , latest records , distribution maps and more !

if you have photos of any moths featured on this site , and would like them displayed along with your name and comments . . . please send them in ( any size . jpg images ) .

please consider helping with the running costs of norfolk moths . thank you : - )

underlying maps using digital map data © norfolk online lepidoptera archive - nola™ 2018 . © james wheeler - n o r f o l k m o t h s 2007 - 2018 . data © nola™ 2018

html public " - / / w3c / / dtd xhtml 1 . 0 transitional / / en " " urltoken "

you are currently seeing a feature reduced version of this site , please use a javascript enabled browser for full functionality to be unlocked .

ion contains the organism names related data gathered from the scientific literature for clarivate analytics ' zoological record ® database . viruses , bacteria and plant names will be added from other clarivate databases such as biosis previews ® .

this article will be permanently flagged as inappropriate and made unaccessible to everyone . are you certain this article is inappropriate ?

chinery , michael ( 1986 ) . collins guide to the insects of britain and western europe ( reprinted 1991 ) .

skinner , bernard ( 1984 ) . colour identification guide to moths of the british isles .

this article was sourced from creative commons attribution - sharealike license ; additional terms may apply . world heritage encyclopedia content is assembled from numerous content providers , open access publishing , and in compliance with the fair access to science and technology research act ( fastr ) , wikimedia foundation , inc . , public library of science , the encyclopedia of life , open book publishers ( obp ) , pubmed , u . s . national library of medicine , national center for biotechnology information , u . s . national library of medicine , national institutes of health ( nih ) , u . s . department of health & human services , and urltoken , which sources content from all federal , state , local , tribal , and territorial government publication portals ( . gov , . mil , . edu ) . funding for urltoken and content contributors is made possible from the u . s . congress , e - government act of 2002 .

crowd sourced content that is contributed to world heritage encyclopedia is peer reviewed and edited by our editorial staff to ensure quality scholarly research articles .

by using this site , you agree to the terms of use and privacy policy . world heritage encyclopedia™ is a registered trademark of the world public library association , a non - profit organization .

. ” on his return to spain he found his old regiment about to march fo . . . . . . t imitate that life of mine when i in lonely sadness on the great rock

there to pine ; thou , . . . . . . what thou dost ; touch it not unless thou wouldst lay down thy life as the

of thy rashness . ” the car - rier gave no heed to these words ( and he . . . . . . be with you , and keep in mind what you have promised and sworn under those

that have been already declared to you . ” so saying , he gave rocin . . . . . . ut , as there might be some to be found among them that did not deserve the

of fire . “no , ” said the niece , “there is no reason for showing merc . . . . . . ou , master nicholas , i say let this and ‘amadis of gaul’ be remit - ted the

of fire , and as for all the rest , let them perish with - out further . . . . . . never slept a day under a roof , went to their graves as much maids as the

that bore them . i say , then , that in these and other respects our g . . . . . . ar , hatred nor love , should make them swerve from the path of truth , whose

is history , rival of time , storehouse of deeds , witness for the past . . . . . . ked plough had not dared to rend and pierce the tender bowels of our first

, belonging to a genus that feeds on feathers ; a beetle ( quedius ) and * . . . . . . brating so rapidly as to be scarcely visible , i was reminded of the sphinx

: their movements and habits are indeed in many respects very similar . . . . . . . than any other race of animals . i allude only to the butterflies ; for the

, contrary to what might have been ex - pected from the rankness of the . . . . . . ads . nothing could be more interest - ing than some of the family groups . a

with one or two daughters would often come to our rancho , mounted on . . . . . . manner in which his laws were enforced . one of these was , that no man , on

of being put into the stocks , should carry his knife on a sunday : t . . . . . . ate individual , but likewise used them , as old spain had done before for a

settlement . en - gland claimed her right an seized them . the english - . . . . . . yages of the adventure and beagle , is in lat . 46 degs . 50 ' , in the gulf of

. it is 15 miles long , and in one part 7 broad and descends to the sea . . . . . . an rafael . the posi - tion of the glaciers at this place and in the gulf of

may be put even in a more striking point of view , for they descend to . . . . . . in charge of this same fortress . after we left south america , he paid the

in the usual manner , by being con - quered , taken prisoner , and shot . . .

that 60 don quixote have been already declared to you . ” so sayin . . . . . . ut , as there might be some to be found among them that did not deserve the

copyright © world library foundation . all rights reserved . ebooks from project gutenberg are sponsored by the world library foundation , a 501c ( 4 ) member ' s support non - profit organization , and is not affiliated with any governmental agency or department .