fallen footwear was an american off brand skateboarding footwear and apparel brand founded by professional skateboarder jamie thomas in 2003 , after leaving circa .

fallen footwear

fallen footwear <EOT> fallen footwear and deathwish skateboards celebrate the release of the slash ii collaboration shoe .

" for the fallen fans who may need a little help with their footwear . "

" fallen footwear on instagram : " it is with a thankful & humble heart that i announce that spring 2016 will be fallen footwear ' s last season . i would like to thank the past…

a fallen revival could be reminiscent of és footwear’s temporary hiatus from late 2011 to early 2014 . the concept of low - cost , quality footwear marketed to skateboarders is similar to that of state footwear , founded earlier this year .

after a couple of months after laying fallen footwear to rest , jamie thomas may be considering reviving the brand .

currently , the fallen footwear account hosts two photos . the only other post hints more towards starting a new footwear brand . how much of the remaining fallen infrastructure thomas plans to utilize , including teamriders , logos , and footwear designs remains to be seen - but what do you think ?

it came to our attention today that jamie thomas has decided to terminate fallen footwear . this is a sad thing .

since cole left , fallen went down that’s true , yet he haven’t say shit about fallen , that’s lame .

we will keep you updated on the coming fallen footwear collections . here you have some nice product detail images to make you really hungry…

it is with a thankful & humble heart that i announce that spring 2016 will be fallen footwear’s last season . i would like to thank the past and present fallen team , employees , distributors , and retailers .

fallen footwear puts your personal style and skateboarding skills into the stratosphere . the trademark fallen combination of socal style and skateboard tradition is included with each pair we sell here at skate america . if you’re performing a caballerial , kickflip , frontside air or other skateboarding trick , fallen footwear is the clear - cut choice for the perfect fit , pro - grade performance and poise under pressure .

the legendary lineup at fallen footwear includes many shoes you’ve noticed at world - class competitions and others commonly seen at your neighborhood stomping grounds . from the always ready patriot to the low - profile roach , from the mid - cut d . o . a . to fallen’s one of a kind forte 2 – beginners , veterans and championship contenders all love fallen footwear for the same reasons you do . comfort . fit . quality . super cool colorways . and much more . best of all , you can find the best shoes from fallen footwear right here at skate america ! we offer an unbeatable price matching program , and should your fallen footwear order exceed $ 100 , the shipping costs are on us .

the times they are a changin’ . news broke out on instagram yesterday that fallen footwear was officially over after a solid 13 years . peep the message from jamie thomas :

to speak with a skate america representative about our fallen footwear products , or to find out about what shoes we’ll be offering soon , call our skateboarding team at 805 . 823 . 8140 . you can also chat with an apparel representative on the skate america contact page . we’ll be happy to answer all your questions about fallen footwear shoes , or any other product you’re looking for !

check out all of the new shoes from fallen in their spring ' 16 catalog .

christian estrada is the latest edition to the fallen team in spain . enjoy the ride .

fallen footwear’s founder jamie thomas took to instagram today , announcing that the spring 2016 season ( out now ) will be the last . we wanted to thank jamie and the fallen footwear team for their generosity to vegan skate blog and making some amazing skateboard shoes . though jamie hasn’t been vegan for a long time now , he made a commitment to always make a vegan model available ; in synthetics rather then just canvas too !

fallen men ' s slash 2 skateboard shoe , black / mint , 8 . 5 m us

thomas initially founded fallen footwear in 2004 and persevered twelve years before calling it quits this past april . the brand’s legacy includes two full - length videos , ride the sky ( 2008 ) and the road less traveled ( 2013 ) .

from colorways to purpose , rawls ' wide range is easy to see in this collection of footwear he ' s designed with c1rca .

guaranteed 99 % of the people who commented “i love fallen” haven’t had one of their shoes in a decade .

before fallen you were riding circa during it’s heyday . you must have had one of the biggest shoes in skateboarding . how much were you making back then from circa footwear and what led you to walk away from that money and start fallen ? [ laughs ] i don’t like to talk about money , but it was more than i ever could’ve imagined ; that’s how i started black box .

the vibe was a fancy slim cupsole ! the signature tommy sandoval colorway was vegan - suede . another great fallen model .

regardless of whether you pushed your rig in fallen footwear or not , the fact that a legendary skateboarder has had to close his shoe business down , is not only sad to hear , but paints a dark picture of exactly what is wrong within the skate industry in 2016 .

after months of uncertainty , it ' s sadly official – fallen footwear is no more . jamie thomas took to instagram this morning to confirm that the once great brand was to be discontinued following the current season , leaving behind over a decade of quality videos , team riders and products .

trasher magazine recently interviewed tommy sandoval . since he is riding for fallen and zero skateboards we thought it would be of interest for you…

our dear friend and founder of fallen and zero skateboards has given an interview to trasher magazine last year that is worth reading . here…

on april 11 , 2016 , jamie thomas announced on facebook , instagram and its homepage that fallen was disbanding operations . [ 4 ]

hailing from alabama comes the founding father of zero skateboards & fallen footwear , jamie thomas , a . k . a . ‘the chief . as an original pioneer of groundbreaking street gnar on the board , jamie continues to push himself to progress while balancing both family & business ; while still enjoying skateboarding daily .

in a recent instagram post to the semi - rebooted fallen footwear account , the captioned question above was posed and garnered over 6k + likes along with a number of comments that are continuing to be generated . with an overwhelming majority voting in favor of the move , we wanted to hear your thoughts on the potential relaunch .

" rather than waiver from this mission , we are choosing to bow out . i encourage everyone to support authentic skate footwear brands as we wish them all the absolute best . "

over the years , what’s the craziest fallen fan you’ve ever encountered or the craziest thing you’ve seen someone do for fallen ? i’ve seen a lot of tattoos , which is always flattering but feels bizarre . my hope in creating fallen was that it would feel more like a board brand and people could have loyalty for the mission , which is not all that common for footwear brands . i think it worked in the early years really well because of where my career was at coupled with cole’s and the rest of the team . but over time , the team dynamic changed and spirit of the brand seemed to not matter as much .

fallen ' s ride the sky video is one of the best of all time , so we ' re leaving that right here for everyone to enjoy .

what ' s next for fallen ? 2013 will be over before we know it , and we ' d like to tour and do demos throughout 2014 .

it’s frustrating to see another skater owned brand fold . paraphrasing jamie , rather then compromise the values of fallen , they are simply going to close up shop .

this shoe works for casual and for when you need to add just a little bit of class to your outfit . it works with black pants or jeans and does match best with shirts that are simple without extreme colors or patterns . this was the " gateway " shoe to get my spouse to upgrade his footwear to more adult styles and looks . i definitely recommend for others needing to convince someone in their life that footwear should grow up as we do ! as with all fallen shoes , the quality matches the price and the look is simple and modern .

as of january 2015 , the fallen pro riders were jamie thomas , tommy sandoval , brian " slash " hansen , dane burman , jon dickson and tony cervantes .

how much does fallen folding personally have an impact on you ? do you plan on skating much longer into your 40s as a professional skateboarder ? do you still have video parts in you ? i’ve been fighting an uphill battle with fallen for years . all the time with the pressure that if i don’t work around the clock and do everything possible fallen may not make it , so as hard as it was to make the calls on monday , it’s a relief that i can finally moving forward with my life .

javier suarez is the newest addition to the fallen spanish squad . his confidence on the skateboard is what will make him stay in the game for a while . a true ripper .

while most footwear is meant simply for general public consumption , sometimes a designer is charged with working with a pro athlete to develop his signature shoe . the liberty was the product of collaboration between rawls and pro skateboarder jamie thomas .

there’s no telling what’s next for the skate shoe industry , or what’s left for the riders and employees that fallen used to support . as things get sorted out , we obviously hope to see everyone land on their feet , but in the meantime we reached out to the chief for a post - mortem on fallen and for his predictions on what the future holds .

fallen and deathwish combined forces for a new colorway of the slash ii shoe . so in celebration they decided to have a skate session with pizza and beer at the baker boys park .

fallen was known for their shoes , flannel , hoodies , t - shirts , snapbacks , book bags , jeans / shorts , and skateboarding videos . the more popular shoes are , " the clipper " , " the patriot " , " the rival " , " trooper " and the " forte " . at its peak , fallen had 17 models in over 50 colors .

how do you want fallen to be remembered in skateboarding ? what are you most proud of ? i want fallen to be remembered as a brand for the underdogs , the die hard skate rats . i don’t feel like now is the time to be proud . i’m extremely thankful for all of the experiences and good times i had with the team and the employees through the years .

the rambler was the first shoe we skate reviewed from fallen . the upper was a durable synthetic suede . super light , and very fun to skate . i’d love to find another pair .

rawls ' heart may be in skateboarding , but he ' s designed a wide variety of footwear that rides the spectrum from soccer shoes and snowboard boots to casual and women ' s shoes . his collection of sketches for macbeth shows off his range in style .

if an investor came along and wanted to revamp fallen or buy the name , would you let it live on through someone else’s control like a world industries ? in my eyes , that would be the worse case scenario .

alexandra sherlock , dr victoria robinson , professor jenny hockey and dr rachel dilley are conducting research for the if the shoe fits : footwear , identity and transition project at the university of sheffield . the project is funded by the economic and social research council . for more information visit urltoken

well unlike dvs , fillament , state , the current es , circa , vox , osiris and globe they actually had a marketable image . all those companies are bland as hell , and like it or not fallen had a demographic .

as the skateboarding landscape continues to radically change , we can ' t stress enough the importance of supporting core skateboarding brands – and especially core footwear brands . emerica , lakai , etnies and others are battling on , but they won ' t be around for much longer without the support of skateboarders everywhere .

think about emerica , state , lakai , fillament , es , etnies , dvs , c1rca , vox , huf , osiris , supra , globe , and diamond and tell me how fallen could possibly be different enough from any of those brands .

you founded fallen as raw 100 % skateboarding , that kind of hesh / handrail style skater that was down to get super broke off and put it all on the line . do you think that type of clothing style and skater is a dying breed ? do you think that was a contributing factor to fallen declining in sales ? yeah , to some degree . i think skateboarding is becoming more about creativity and style because everyone can do everything . there’s needs to be something to make brands or skateboarders stand out amongst all the stuff that is coming at us . i think that fact had the least to do with the decline of fallen , because other brands are facing the same challenges we’ve faced , it all just happens at different times .

where does that leave you now for a shoe sponsor ? would you ride for adidas , nike , cons or vans ? i have nothing lined up , i’m just gonna keep wearing fallen’s and try to not think about it for a bit . i have quite a few projects i’m working on that i’m excited about , so i’m just gonna focus on those . also , i haven’t really been paid for the time i’ve invested in fallen for about 3 - 4 years , so there’s not a lost salary i need to make up for .

ten years have passed since the first fallen shoe hit the stores . what has changed in the shoe business since then ? well , our shoes have gotten a lot less puffy , but our mission is still the same : we focus on making shoes strictly for skateboarding .

in 2008 , fallen released a skate video titled " ride the sky " . the video features billy marks , brian hansen , chris cole , gilbert crockett , james hardy , jamie thomas , josh harmony , matt bennett , tommy sandoval , and tony cervantes . [ 6 ]

did you get some ownership when adio footwear started too ? nah , adio was owned by k2 , which bought planet earth . k2 made skis and rollerblades and even though chris miller was running the show , it was always felt a little weird cause at the end of the day your future was in the hands of a ski / rollerblade company .

if they made a whole line of shoes at the same level as the capitol or the more recent doa model then maybe they would stand a chance . not sure the whole nike / adidas in skateboarding debate really needs to be involved . fallen just made too many bad shoes .

i left circa because we were supposed to launch a new sister footwear brand based on the momentum of my line , but they had some massive issues with their snowboard brands , which put them in a serious cash crunch . they quickly canned the new brand and they weren’t able to pay me for about 3 or 4 months . as that balance started to stack up , they didn’t know if or when they be able to pull out of it and pay me , so the longer it lasted , the sketchier it got . going to dc to start fallen didn’t seem risky at all , you can feel it when the time’s right .

if you ' ve been in a skate shop or a skatepark in the past decade , you ' ve seen rawls ' work . he ' s designed successful shoes for duffs , fallen and dc shoes , to name a few . his history as a skateboarder has played a key role in his success as a designer .

stores from around the world view outdoor retailer as the venue of choice for the most comprehensive collection of outdoor gear and apparel , equipment , climbing technology , footwear , ski mountaineering , camping , backpacking , cycling , water sports , hunting , rescue , outerwear , fitness gear and accessory companies from which to buy products . the event hosts an array of seminars , presentations , competitions , demos , parties and more .

the lifecycle in skate for the majority should be short , mean something extraordinary , and go away leaving you wanting more . that said , fallen’s run made a huge impact during its greatest era , and just like es , should be remembered for what and who it influenced to come after rather than trying to kick start something again & again .

finally , there is a comment to be made in relation to the advances of feminist thought . there is a fine line between critiquing oppression and reinforcing it . turner’s somewhat polemic response to beard’s article reinforces precisely the male domination she seems to be arguing against – surely we are moving away from a time when women are bullied into what they should or shouldn’t wear , or , more precisely , what they should feel or say about their footwear choices .

anyway – the point here is that fallen had been around for 13 fucking years . i personally never owned a pair , but there were people that did . i can’t name anyone specifically ( to avoid defamation litigation ) but there were definitely tons of skatepark heroes that loved those shoes . honestly i seriously couldn’t tell you why . but they did . and that’s important .

companies like fallen represented a time when we weren’t so in tune or maybe didn’t really care about fashion – and fashion certainly did not give a fuck about skateboarding . so to see a company like this go away , even though many of us may have been too cool for them , is actually pretty sad . ya know – like losing a part of the culture .

in the mid - ' 90s , destiny called , and rawls was approached by a burgeoning footwear company , kastel , that was looking to launch its line with a young pro . " they called me and asked me if i wanted a signature shoe and to represent their brand , " he says . " it sounded like an offer that was too good to pass up , so i took it , and that opportunity gave me the chance to design my signature shoe . "

where does this leave your team riders now ? hopefully they can end up in good homes , even though it seems there’s too many talented pro skaters and not enough footwear spots for skaters at the moment . yeah , it’s not a rad situation for any of us , myself included . when facing heavy shit like this , team riders and employees have always weighed the heaviest on me , but eventually you have to face the reality that you can’t continue to look out for everyone , it sucks .

how do you feel about tommy sandoval’s post on instagram about the whole situation ? i love tommy and i love his passion for what he holds true . i don’t want to play the victim or blame anyone for what happens in my life . i learned a long time ago that life is tough and it’s not always fair ; i know there are a lot of factors for the decline of fallen .

rather than listening to what beard has to say about her shoes , turner appears to have fallen into the trap of assuming that to talk about shoes at all is to dumb down or to reduce ourselves to objects subject to the male gaze . in this respect turner’s tirade has done more to reinforce the stereotype of women that talk about shoes as mindless dupes and hapless victims of patriarchal oppression than mary’s original article did .

why did billy marks leave fallen , and will he be in the video ? it seemed that billy and the brand grew apart , and over time there was less and less of a connection and it started to affect our ability to sell his products and justify his salary . so we didn ' t re - sign him earlier this year , and he quit . he went on two of the trips , but he will not be in the video .

is it true that you still have an ownership stake in circa ? yeah , as crazy as that is ; when i left to start fallen my stock was fully vested and they weren’t in the position to buy me out , so it’s just been there chillin . i always hoped they’d sell , but it’s been a rollercoaster for them since muska and i left . hopefully , they pull it off though and a few bucks will fall from the sky some day .

jamie thomas , the brand’s head honcho , has given his entire life to skateboarding . he created brands that left a strong legacy in the history books , building and supporting teams that have pushed skateboarding forwards , taking a leap of faith into everything he has done with solid commitment . it’s a real shame to see any skater owned shoe brand close after 13 years of hard graft , but that’s sadly today’s news , fallen’s spring 2016 shoe run will be the last .

carnaby street : perhaps london’s most famous shoe - shopping location . filmed during a lunch hour this seven and a half minute video observes the shoes of those passing through the popular location . the sheer diversity of styles , the sounds the shoes make and the ways in which people walk in them allude to the very special and significant relationship between footwear and identity . who are these people ? what do they do ? where are they from ? where are they going and where have they been ? – all questions that pass through one’s mind when spending time really looking at the shoes people wear whilst going about their everyday lives .

you signed off “skate or die” at the end of your fallen press release . if you couldn’t skate , or didn’t own any brands anymore , would you consider killing yourself ? probably ! [ laughs ] nah , i would further devote myself to my family and even if i wasn’t skating i’d be replaying the times when i was skating in my head . i am a lifer and skateboarding is what i know and love . that was a message to those who are feasting on skateboarding , but don’t skate .

if you grew up skating in the late 90s and early 00s , you remember when jamie thomas was * the * guy . you could play him in thps , zero felt like one of the biggest board brands in the world , and anyone that knew anything about skateboarding would always mention the leap of faith . as the years went by he took a step back from the limelight , but behind the scenes he was relentless , starting black box distribution and growing mystery , threat , insight , and , of course , fallen .

we’ve flowed this kid from minneapolis shoes for almost 3 years waiting for him to blossom , but when i called him on monday to break the news to him about fallen , his response was sinclair called me and asked me to ride for nike not to long ago , so i’ve been wearing them . i’m hyped he’s gonna be taken care of , but does nike need everyone that is good at skateboarding ? this makes it impossible for authentic skate brands to nurture the next generation of talent , so our fates are eventually sealed by our bros that now work for nike .

can you tell us a little bit about the last 1 - 2 years with fallen ? what were the major successes and hurdles in moving to dwindle and ultimately why you had to make this decision to kill it ? we’ve spent the last 24 months revamping the brand ; we solidified a relationship with a new factory in order to improve quality and we redesigned the whole line minus a few staples . we focused on those 2 things first because they were the biggest complaints people shared with dwindle . i also personally took the time to call as many accounts as possible to explain our plans to resuscitate the brand .

as skaters , we’ve all heard that these skater - born shoe companies have been hurting for a while , but it’s not until they really go out of business or finally call it quits that it hits you . regardless of if you were a fan or not , it’s always a bummer to see something that was once so loved die out , to watch employees and skaters get tossed out and back into the uncertainty of unemployment and the rough skate industry machine .

i feel like the successes were that the new designs were good and received well ; but the hurdles were that the market is in a really interesting place and it seemed like no matter what we did , it was too little too late .

sales eventually shrank to the point where they were too small to meet the minimum order quantity requirements with the factory for fall 2016 production . when you’re at that point , you only have two options if you wanna continue . pay massive up - charges for the small quantities or make the minimum quantities the factory requires and flood the tj - maxx’s & costco’s of the world with the excess shoes .

we weighed everything out and it didn’t make sense to go further into negative numbers by paying the up - charges and the tj - maxx route is obviously just lame on all fronts .

so , we collectively decided we had reached the end and it was time to cut our losses .

we also found ourselves in a quickly changing climate with the corporate brands putting a lot of pressure on retailers to buy more , which meant they had to cut back on the smaller brands . some of our best accounts were also having a hard time keeping their doors open , so paying slowed down dramatically across the board , which started to impact our cash flow and marketing budget . we also lost cole , which obviously had an impact on the sales and the perception of the brand . basically the perfect storm of everything that could happen .

my mission now is to keep zero raw and combine dudes from the new generation with zero’s style in order to continue to reinvent the brand while staying true to it’s roots . it’s also easier to fight for your stake with a board brand , cause those massive corporations can’t or don’t want to get in skateboard trenches ; there’s not enough margins .

that said , i have to acknowledge that the athletic brands continue to go out of their way to make it impossible for anyone without their resources to stay alive , which is really lame . they are cutting off the oxygen at the bottom by poaching flow riders and ams from core brands by offering them more even though they already have 50 ams and a 100 flow riders on the team . nike has a team manager at every level and now they’ve even hired mike sinclair who used to manage the dekline team as a talent scout because he’s plugged into the am contest network and has his ear to the street .

i thought circa was sold at some point already and people cashed out ? has it always been the same owners since you started with them ? nah , things got really rocky a few years ago and they pretty much closed shop , but i think the owner of the factory stepped in and took over in exchange of the debt and resurrected it .

the weird thing is , i think all of those brands you mentioned are undeniably solid besides the fact that at the top everything is about money ; they make great stuff , have amazing teams , support industry events and they take care of their people . that said , i’m not sure i fit the mold for any of those brands though besides vans ; they’ve always been a skate brand . vans has a massive team though with several dudes that share a similar history to mine . i have principals and beliefs about the brands i’d like to support , but that’s not my purpose for living . the trick is to balancing those beliefs while continuing to do what you love and take care of your family .

nike has been in skateboarding for over a decade . do you believe that they will stay here for a while or eventually leave ? i don’t think they’ll leave anytime soon . even if things contract a lot , i feel that they’ll still find ways to make sense of being here ; their roots are getting deeper by the day and skateboarding influences pop culture , so my theory is that they’d stick around to use skateboarding as a marketing tool to make their mass market business seem edgy and cool , which it undoubtedly does .

looking back do you think you got too greedy or went over your head starting so many companies ? [ laughs ] i don’t think it was greed , but i’ll admit i was definitely overly ambitious . i never really cared about how much money anything made , i was just obsessed with progression . i guess i had to figure out my limits the hard way .

if you had a new skate shoe brand would you ever consider having forrest edwards being the “lead” pro ? [ laughs ] forrest is an amazing skateboarder and a funny ass dude , but he’s not a leader .

i went skating yesterday for the first time since the news broke and everything felt better , i felt lighter . physically , i feel good ; i have my ailments and have to stretch a lot in order to warm up , but i’m at my best when i’m working on a video part or a project , so i’m gonna keep that going till i can’t . i wanna be looking like willie nelson and still grinding rails [ laughs ] .

any highlight era or memories from the years ? man , the early days were amazing because it all felt so fresh and new and there was nowhere to go but up . working on projects are always the best times for me ; traveling with the team filming for ride the sky , those were great times . everything seemed so simple back then , no instagram or social media to worry about . just bros out skating pushing each other . filming for ‘road less traveled’ was amazing too , we got to go to a ton of amazing places , see stuff we never thought we’d see and make lifelong memories .

taken by : joey shigeo , chad foreman , matt price & daniel harold sturt .

" people’s minds are the same in porn as they are in skating . "

in 2014 , when everything is a brand and the pro skaters themselves have more instagram followers than the biggest magazines and companies within skateboarding combined , the old rules don ' t apply anymore .

" the place i lived at was just gross , at one point i got all this fungus on my hands and feet . "

" whether you like the actual brand or not , we represent the idea that anyone ( a nobody ) can change things if they are willing to take action and make the necessary sacrifices . "

patrick o ' dell lives a skate nerd ' s dream : hosting a show on vice where he interviews and tours with some of the most notorious skateboarders in the world .

for being arguably the most technical skateboarder alive , daewon song is as humble and down to earth as it can get .

a tip of the cap to a great run . not the first , certainly won’t be the last to bow out . i can think of a laundry list of board , shoe and apparel brands that probably should .

i feel like we’re reaching a tipping point in skateboarding with the impact of sports brand shoes and instagram . i kinda hope it all just dies and becomes wack again . id go back to the days when you got called a faggot while rolling down the street in a heartbeat . also , skateboarding as a whole needs to stop forgetting to call posers posers . what the fuck is up with that ? if you don’t push , rocking any thrasher gear should be punishable by death .

# truth it is the bible , but their clothes are over priced and fit like shit .

agreed , thrasher needs to stop using gildan… after one wash they turn into belly button shirts . the sweatshirts have super wide sleeves and are short and wide on the torso too… there is only so long i can air dry my shit . not sure how they can’t be bothered to fix this , go to costco and buy some kirklands to print your logo , not that difficult

pretty neat clothing brand jamie came out with maybe 08 / 09 . super rad edits . nick boserio daniel lutheran some aus dudes names i cannot remember . i enjoyed the skate edits they produced . didn’t buy any clothing . vimeo has some of their edits . check it nice .

it’s an australian lifestyle / surf brand . was truly great until a few years ago , then a few people left on the art directional end . it’s not quite what it was .

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the best and most honest shoe review and wear test show for skateboarder by skateboarders .

guaranteed hijinx and a damn good time when you ' re rolling around with the shake junt crew , airing every other friday on ride channel .

from semi underground videos to the big ones , here ' s your playlist to sit down and watch on your tv .

watch the blind team ripping everything in their path in these exclusive edits for ride . a diverse mixture of styles and terrain make for a great watch to get you ready to skate . # damnitfeelsgoodtobeaskater

share a drink and a few laughs with your favorite pros on the latest skate industry news , gossip and high jinx . send your questions to theweekendbuzz @ urltoken

jimmy gorecki & vern laird : ice cream & love ! weekend buzz season 3 , ep . 121 pt . 2

jimmy gorecki & vern laird : aesthetics & contest judging ! weekend buzz season 3 , ep . 121 pt . 1

josh kalis & mike blabac : great wall & group therapy ! weekend buzz season 3 , ep . 120 pt . 3

josh kalis & mike blabac : lila kalis & shoe negotiations ! weekend buzz season 3 , ep . 120 pt . 2

josh kalis & mike blabac : drunk photography & opinions ! weekend buzz season 3 , ep . 120 pt . 1

terry kennedy & dee ostrander : phelps ! sponsor me ! weekend buzz season 3 , ep . 119 pt . 3

terry kennedy & dee ostrander : quit baker ! baker 4 ! weekend buzz season 3 , ep . 119 pt . 2

terry kennedy & dee ostrander : kirchart ! getting shot ! weekend buzz season 3 , ep . 119 pt . 1

brad mcclain & charlie blair : icp & rapid fire ! weekend buzz season 3 , ep . 118 pt . 2

brad mcclain & charlie blair : mom slams , reuniting ! weekend buzz season 3 , ep . 118 pt . 1

steve caballero & mike mcgill : new tricks & lance ! weekend buzz season 3 , ep . 117 pt . 2

steve caballero & mike mcgill : chin , hash , airspeed ! weekend buzz season 3 , ep . 117 pt . 1

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these are my favorite shoes . just might buy a pair of white and black shoes . ^ 0 ^

this is a short review , as i couldn ' t really wear them . for me , i found these shoes very tight around my foot where my toes join my foot ( my toe knuckles ? ) . too tight to push on with wearing them . my feet aren ' t crazy wide , btw . the length was great though . over all , the quality seems high , great arch support , well made , sturdy .

my son loves it . he wears them all day and he is very very picky ! he uses it to skate .

" since the company hasn ' t released good shoes since that " chris cole left time " i had . . . "

since the company hasn ' t released good shoes since that " chris cole left time " i had no hope for them but the only shoe that has stayed constant in the stylish and comfortable board feel , is the fortes . if you skate you ' ll obviously loose tread but if you ' re trying to be hip these are the shoes .

a very nice skate shoe . sad to see them go . jamie thomas is a genius !

bought these as a christmas gift for my husband . he absolutely loves them ! pefect fit and got here in time .

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chris cole and billy marks were a particular highlight – enjoy them in full quality here .

agreed . the shoes were clunky , fit was never quite spot on , they lacked durability and design was not a strong point . there’s a reason the company went under .

actually no , they had their shot . we need to support the other brands thats still out there

they had their chance to make a quality shoe . they sucked back then and i am sure they will suck now .

their run with jamie thomas / chris cole at the helm , is probably the pinnacle of the company’s existence ? once that duo fell apart the company couldn’t bounce back or recreate something that carried the same weight . with that said , i would like jamie to focus on zero , cause this industry going to need an underdog soon enough , but also redirect some of his focus to a shoe company willing to integrate his ideas / creativity . i’m sure there’s a few out there that could use “the chief” right now ! !

influence - wise you may be right about the company’s success when thomas & cole were on board , but i thought they put out some of their best products after chris cole left and they gave more diverse dudes pro shoes . look at shoes like the apache , coronado , captiol , & roach – all super different looking silhouettes that stand alone in a ultra - homogenized shoe market .

on a personal note , i’ve been skating the oiled suede spirit model for a bit now , and they’ve been some of the best shoes i’ve ever skated in ( once i put a duracush insole in them ) . it’s a bummer that a shoe brand went under that was actually making good product , plain and simple . whether or not he starts something else up , jamie thomas deserves the best from an industry that he helped shape , no questions asked .

although i do agree w / mayor grimble that the later shoes were probably superior in design , the spirit & roach model’s were top tier .

soooo sad , ripped laces is dead . . . rip , guys i ' ve been coming to this site since the inception of the og supra skytop 3 ' s . . . i guess it ' s on to tactics " skate shoe …

because there are way more barriers to entry to start a shoe company vs boards or other clothing . it takes a lot of time , effort , & money to make an actual good shoe that you …

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though we didn’t review the kingston ( another tommy sandoval shoe ) i picked up a pair at dlx in sf and really enjoyed skating .

caught in the crossfire - skateboarding news , features , skateboard reviews and interviews with leading skaters .

generally , the skate scene has always looked after its own . those who have decided to move into the business have pretty much , worked together through the good times and the bad . dwindle distribution assisted thomas when black box dist came to an end but unfortunately that goodwill still could not stop the fate of what was announced today .

skateboarding’s independent standing in world business has always remained unique because generation after generation have fought for keeping skateboarding within skateboarding ; fighting tooth and nail to keep skateboarding out of the clutches of billion dollar corporations…until now . their heavyweight influence is rapidly eating into the foundations that skateboarding was originally built upon , so it’s now up to you to try and reverse that trend by voting with your feet and supporting brands run by skateboarders – that’s if you care enough about where your scene came from .

remind yourself of the goodwill that skater owned companies stand for from this clip . the rest is in your hands . choose skateboarding or lose it completely .

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the end of any era in skateboarding is often romanticized , as we as a community ( and ourselves at smltalk are fully guilty ) love to reminisce on better times and submerge ourselves in nostalgia . so when companies that have been around for a long time go under ( e . g . savier , es… 88 ? ? ) – we feel like we’ve lost an important piece of our culture . we tend to blame ourselves and ask , “how could we let this happen ? ” .

we fall into deep , dark depressions . we don’t talk to our families .

but when we come to our sense we realize that as the lion king taught us , there’s the mother fucking circle of life . everything comes to an end – sometimes things live a long and prosperous life , and other times they’re trampled by a bunch of fucking wildebeest .

am i saying that scar could be a symbolic representation of companies like nike / adidas / new balance ? i don’t know . honestly i didn’t even expect to be talking about this movie - it just kind of happened . but wait – can we just reflect on how fucking awesome that opening scene is ?

you see folks – we’re in an era where everybody is cool . it’s pretty damn easy to fit in – you just have to figure out which typeset you want to follow , and go along with the few main rules that govern their particular clothing choice / trick choice pattern .

but to be honest the actual purpose of this article was to talk about how jamie thomas signs his letters .

this is a mystery ( pun intended ) that we’re still trying to solve . anyway - condolences to jamie and cheers to him for seriously backing a lot of companies that had a significant impact on skateboarding throughout the years and have given us tons of insane memories .

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obesity in canada is a growing health concern , which is " expected to surpass smoking as the leading cause of preventable morbidity and mortality … and represents a burden of can $ 3.96 ( us$ 3.04 / € 2.75 ) billion on the canadian economy each year . "

obesity in canada

obesity in canada <EOT> tjepkema m ( 2006 ) adult obesity . toronto , canada : statistics canada 9–25 p .

obesity rates among children and youth in canada have nearly tripled in the last 30 years .

significant increases in self - reported obesity in canada have also been reported between 2003 and 2008 .

( 17 ) health canada , “ the government of canada reaffirms its commitment to combat canada’s rising obesity levels , ” news release , 6 july 2005 .

variance partition and specific - level change in variance in the usa and canada .

birmingham cl , muller jl , palepu a , et al . the cost of obesity in canada .

the obesity in canada report is a joint partnership between the public health agency of canada ( phac ) and canadian institute for health information ( cihi ) .

obesity rates in canada have tripled between 1985 and 2011 , according to a study from memorial university in st . john ' s .

obesity , childless rates high among sask . adults , stats canada says | ctv regina news

legislative approaches , together with environmental modifications , can be an effective means of reversing the growing problem of obesity in canada .

there was a 350 per cent increase in obesity class 2 and a 433 per cent increase in obesity class 3 overall .

this paper provides information on the phenomenon of overweight and obesity in canada in terms of measurement , prevalence , causes , health implications and economic burden .

gorber sc , tremblay ms ( 2009 ) the bias in self - reported obesity from 1976 to 2005 : a canada - us comparison . obesity 18 : 354–361 .

bmi by income and education for women and men in the usa and canada , 2009 .

( 8 ) michael tjepkema , adult obesity in canada : measured height and weight , statistics canada , 2005 , and margot shields , overweight canadian children and adolescents , statistics canada , 2005 . note that the results presented in tjepkema ( 2005 ) are for adults ages 18 and over .

the cost in health care spending , and in lost productivity due to obesity , is estimated to be between $ 4 . 6 billion and $ 7 . 1 billion in canada annually .

canada is facing an obesity epidemic , with a substantial and rising prevalence of overweight and obese adults and children .

across canada , adult obesity rates vary from 5 . 3 % in richmond , bc to 35 . 9 % in the mamawetan / keewatin / athabasca region of sk .

in 2007 / 08 self - reported obesity in canada varied across provinces and territories , from a low of 12 . 8 % in british columbia to a high of 25 . 4 % in newfoundland and labrador ( figure 4 ) . estimates of obesity in 2007 / 08 were found to be significantly higher than in 2005 in canada overall as well as in alberta and ontario , and significantly higher in 2005 than 2003 in newfoundland and labrador ( figure 4 ) . because of sample size limitations for measured obesity , calculations of obesity by province and health region were based on self - reported data .

legislative approaches could be implemented in canada at three levels — government , corporate and school / youth .

bmi range by income and education category for women and men in the usa and canada , 2009 .

the seminal work on the cost of obesity in canada , published in the canadian medical association journal in 1999 , estimated the total direct cost of obesity in canada in 1997 to be approximately $ 1 . 8 billion , or 2 . 4 % of the total health care expenditures for all diseases in canada . table 4 compares the results of this and other studies of the cost of obesity and physical inactivity in canada , noting key variations in the parameters used . ( 15 ) while the results vary depending on the types of costs included , the specific health impacts considered and the definitions used , it is clear that the impact of relatively high levels of obesity and physical inactivity are not inconsequential .

( 3 ) a discussion of the limitations of the bmi is contained in : health canada , canadian guidelines for body weight classification in adults , ottawa , 2003 , and kim d . raine , overweight and obesity in canada : a population health perspective , ottawa , 2004 .

about one in four adults in this country or about 6 . 3 million people , were classified as obese in 2011 - 2012 , according to statistics canada .

competing interests : none declared for james douketis and katherine morrison . david lau owns common shares in glaxosmithkline and eli lilly . he is a consultant to abbott laboratories , ltd . , astrazeneca canada inc . , merck frosst canada inc . , bristol - myers squibb canada , eli lilly canada inc . , oryx pharmaceuticals inc . , pfizer canada inc . , sanofi - aventis canada inc . , servier canada inc . and solvay pharma inc . ; and has received speaker fees from abbott laboratories , ltd . , astrazeneca canada inc . , glaxosmithkline , merck frosst canada inc . , merck / schering , eli lilly canada inc . , sanofi - aventis canada inc . and novo nordisk canada inc . ; research grants from astrazeneca canada inc . , bristol myers squibb , dainippon pharmaceuticals , glaxosmithkline , pfizer canada inc . , and sanofi - aventis canada inc . ; and travel assistance to attend international meetings from abbott laboratories , ltd . , astrazeneca canada inc . and sanofi - aventis canada inc . irene hramiak is a consultant to glaxosmithkline inc . and is on a national advisory board for abbott laboratories ltd . , eli lilly , novo nordisk , sanofi - aventis canada inc . and glaxosmithkline inc . she has received honoraria for speaking engagements from merck frosst canada ltd . , glaxosmithkline inc . and novo nordisk and has received a travel grant from novo nordisk . arya sharma is a consultant to abbott laboratories ltd . , boehringer ingelheim , novartis , sanofi - aventis canada inc . and merck frosst canada ltd . he has received speaker fees from abbott laboratories ltd . , boehringer ingelheim , astrazeneca canada inc . , novartis and merck frosst canada ltd . and travel assistance from abbott laboratories ltd . , boehringer ingelheim , merck frosst canada ltd . , novartis and sanofi - aventis canada inc . ehud ur has received speaker fees from sanofi - aventis canada inc . , abbott laboratories , ltd . , glaxosmithkline and novo nordisk ; research grants from glaxosmithkline and novo nordisk ; and travel assistance from sanofi - aventis canada inc . , abbott laboratories , ltd .

the above statements are among the 21 recommendations released today in a ground - breaking report entitled obesity in canada : a whole - of - society approach for a healthier canada , which was written following an intensive study conducted between february 2014 and june 2015 .

there is a more than a six - fold variation in self - reported obesity across health regions in canada , and the variation among oecd countries is more than 10 - fold .

shields m , carroll md , ogden cl ( 2011 ) adult obesity prevalence in canada and the united states . center for disease control and prevention 8 .

statistics canada numbers show saskatchewan also has the highest obesity rate of all the provinces in canada . data from the canadian community health survey shows that 26 . 7 per cent of canadians are considered to be obese in 2015 . in saskatchewan , that number sits at 45 . 9 per cent .

hi there , canada . have you been carrying a few extra pounds lately ?

obesity is more prevalent in older age groups , up to approximately 65 years .

on the basis of measured height and weight from multiple sources during 2007 - 2009 , more than one in four adults in canada are obese .

the higher rates of obesity in atlantic canada , meanwhile — 30 . 4 per cent of people in newfounland and labrador are considered obese — have been attributed to a lack of physical activity , the canadian press reported in 2013 .

while bmi is trusted as an obesity measure by both health canada and the world health organization , there are questions about its efficacy .

greyhound canada says it is ending passenger bus and freight services in saskatchewan , alberta and manitoba and cancelling all but one route in b . c .

source : health canada , canadian guidelines for body weight classification in adults , ottawa , 2003 , p . 3 .

source : analysis of the 2007 / 08 canadian community health survey , statistics canada .

1 . because of the health impact of the rising prevalence and incidence of overweight and obesity in canada , we recommend implementing strategies directed at the prevention and treatment of overweight and obesity in children , adolescents and adults [ grade a , level 3 ] .

regional differences in obesity ( portable document format ( pdf ) , 109 . 63kb )

in recent decades , obesity has become a worldwide issue . the world health organization (

cet article n’est plus disponible sur pubmedcentral canada . vous pouvez le consulter à l’adresse : urltoken

rates of overweight and obesity in aboriginal population is considerably higher than the rest of canada ( adults : 70 % ; children under 11 years of age : 62 . 5 % ) .

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canada ranks fifth for the number of obese adults and sixth for obese children among industrialized countries .

mélisa leclerc director of communications senate of canada 613 - 996 - 2751 melisa . leclerc @ urltoken

obesity is associated with health risks such as diabetes , high blood pressure and cancer , with costs in canada between $ 4 . 6 billion and $ 7 . 1 billion ( associated press )

for the first time in more than a generation , overweight rates among canadian children are falling — raising hopes canada may become one of the first countries to turn the childhood obesity epidemic around .

despite steady progress in the management of obesity , its prevalence continues to rise . to date , population interventions have tended to focus on individual risk factors and have been largely ineffective . hence , sweeping prevention and intervention strategies are required to slow , and hopefully reverse , the alarming increase in obesity prevalence in canada and globally .

sharma would like to see the potential drivers of obesity addressed , such as how our biology may be programmed towards obesity in the womb or the role of gut microbes in explaining differences in how people absorb calories at different rates .

in addition , a study published last week showed that while rates of childhood obesity and overweight plateaued in the u . s . , there has been no decline in any age group . overall , rates of overweight and obesity combined in children remained at about 30 per cent , a rate that would be higher using who criteria . “thus , canada appears to be faring better than the u . s . in the war on obesity , ” sharma and rodd write in the canadian medical association journal .

public pressure to combat obesity has resulted in several legislative interventions in several developed countries . however , whether these initiatives are feasible and effective is questionable . in this article , we provide an overview of legislative approaches that could be implemented in canada . we first look at why a public health approach is necessary .

almost a fifth of the world ' s adults with obesity , or 118 million people , live in australia , canada , ireland , new zealand , u . k . and u . s .

audience relations , cbc p . o . box 500 station a toronto , on canada , m5w 1e6

department of community health sciences , university of calgary , calgary , alberta , canada . duttond @ urltoken

the steep rise in obesity over the past few decades is due to responses to an obesogenic environment .

the proportion of overweight tends to be higher in rural areas than in metropolitan areas . in particular , in all the canadian regions considered , obesity has been found to be most prevalent among boys in small town regions of 2 , 500 to 19 , 999 .

) . after age 65 , the prevalence of obesity declines . a similar pattern of lower obesity among the youngest and oldest age groups was also found in the 2004

between 1981 and 2007 / 09 , obesity rates roughly doubled among both males and females in most age groups in the adult and youth categories .

reported associations between socioeconomic status ( ses ) and obesity are inconsistent depending on gender and geographic location . globally , these inconsistent observations may hide a variation in the contextual effect on individuals ' risk of obesity for subgroups of the population . this study explored the regional variability in the association between ses and bmi in the usa and in canada , and describes the geographical variance patterns by ses category .

individuals , counties , and states in the usa , and individuals , health regions , and provinces in canada . to facilitate reading when comparing countries , we re - labeled the hierarchy as

this article is no longer available through pubmedcentral canada . you may continue to access the article at : urltoken

epstein lh , paluch ra , gordy cc , et al . decreasing sedentary behaviors in treating pediatric obesity .

the study ' s authors reported the number of people with obesity surpassed the number of those underweight in 2004 for women and in 2011 for men .

variation in obesity was also observed at the health region level in 2007 / 08 . obesity estimates ranged from a low of 5 . 3 % in urban / suburban richmond , british columbia , to a high of 35 . 9 % in the northern mamawetan / keewatin / athabasca region of saskatchewan (

bans on obesogenic foods and ingredients , especially trans fats , represent another government - level legislative intervention proposed to curb the obesity epidemic . in 2003 , denmark was the first to implement limits on trans fats in processed foods ; new york city followed in 2007 . 13 formal evaluations of these interventions are pending . in canada , the city of calgary has banned the use of trans fats in its restaurants , 21 and health canada implemented the trans fat monitoring program in 2007 as one of the task force on trans fat’s recommendations . 23

55 . the screening criteria for obesity - related health consequences should be assessed in the clinical setting for sensitivity , specificity and clinical value in improving the health of children with obesity [ grade c , level 4 ] .

( 11 ) health canada , canadian guidelines for body weight classification in adults , ottawa , 2003 , table 1 , p . 7 . also see : f . xavier pi - sunyer , “the obesity epidemic : pathophysiology and consequences of obesity , ” obesity research , vol . 10 , supp . 2 , december 2002 , pp . 97s - 104s .

lyznicki jm , young dc , riggs ja , et al . obesity : assessment and management in primary care .

there is increasing awareness of the role that governments , corporations and educators can play in preventing and reducing obesity .

newfoundland and labrador and new brunswick had the highest rates of obesity , while rates were lower in western provinces .

mclaren l ( 2011 ) socioeconomic status and obesity . the oxford handbook of the social science of obesity . london . pp . 276–288 .

. they indicate that measured obesity ranges from 3 . 4 % in japan to 34 . 3 % in the united states , a 10 - fold difference .

. this gradient in regional variance is not present in canada however . yet it is possible these patterns may be linked to local differences in the spatial distribution of resources promoting active living and healthy eating or other resources associated with the adults ' weight status

this section was created by content works , postmedia’s commercial content division , on behalf of an innovative medicines canada company .

obesity , defined as a bmi of 30 or higher is associated with health risks such as diabetes , high blood pressure and cancer and associated with an annual cost in canada between $ 4 . 6 and $ 7 . 1 billion .

shields , margot , tjepkema , michael . 2006 . “ trends in adult obesity . ” health reports . vol . 17 , no . 3 . august . statistics canada catalogue no . 82 - 003 . p . 53–59 . urltoken

shields , margot , tjepkema , michael . 2006 . “ regional differences in obesity . ” health reports . vol . 17 , no . 3 . august . statistics canada catalogue no . 82 - 003 . p . 61–67 . urltoken

the prevalence of adult obesity has risen significantly in many countries over the last decades with increases in average body mass index ( bmi , kg / m 2 ) being greatest in wealthier countries [ 1 ] , [ 2 ] . the mean worldwide bmi has increased at a rate of approximately 0 . 5 kg / m 2 per decade , reaching 1 kg / m 2 per decade in wealthier nations like the usa and canada [ 2 ] . usa and canada have among the highest average bmi [ 2 ] and the usa has a higher prevalence between the two [ 3 ] – [ 5 ] . however , trends in obesity prevalence are similar between the two countries , increasing from 15 % in the 1970 ' s to 32 % in 2005 in the usa , and from 12 % to 29 % in canada [ 6 ] . differences in the ses - bmi relationships have also been reported by geographic location [ 3 ] , [ 7 ] , with respect to a shift of the burden of obesity towards lower ses groups in developing countries with increasing gross national products [ 3 ] , [ 8 ] . although this shift in burden is not always clear in the usa and canada , the difference in prevalence is obvious where canadians tend to be less obese for both genders and all age categories [ 5 ] .

for all health regions ) . studies have found that the prevalence of obesity tends to be lower in more urban regions , one study showing that obesity was significantly below the national average in montreal , toronto and vancouver on the basis of 2003

in terms of regional differences in the prevalence of obesity , results from the 2004 canadian community health survey suggest that obesity rates did not vary greatly by province in 2004 , with the following exceptions . ( 8 ) prevalence of obesity among men was significantly higher than the national rate in both newfoundland and labrador ( 33 . 3 % ) and manitoba ( 30 . 4 % ) . for women , the prevalence of obesity significantly exceeded the national rate in newfoundland and labrador ( 34 . 5 % ) , saskatchewan ( 32 . 9 % ) and nova scotia ( 30 . 3 % ) . for children ages 2 to 17 , the prevalence of obesity was significantly higher than the national rate in newfoundland and labrador ( 17 % ) and new brunswick ( 13 % ) . raine notes , however , that “… surveillance of behavioural determinants of obesity in canada is currently unable to explain the regional variations in prevalence . ” ( 9 )

goodman e , whitaker rc . a prospective study of the role of depression in the development and persistence of adolescent obesity .

source : based on figures provided in the gpi atlantic cost of obesity reports for each province , prepared by ronald colman .

the high cost of food in canada ' s north has long been a topic of discussion — cases of water have been known to cost as much as $ 105 .

acknowledgements : financial assistance for the development of these guidelines was generously provided in the form of arm ' s - length grants - in - aid from abbott laboratories ltd . , astrazeneca canada inc . , glaxosmithkline inc . , merck frosst canada ltd . , pfizer canada inc . , hoffmann–la roche ltd . , johnson and johnson medical products , sanofi - aventis canada inc . and unilever canada inc . sponsors were not involved in any aspect of the guidelines development , the literature interpretation , the decision to publish or any other aspect of publication of the guidelines . the funds were used for conference calls and for organization of and travel to meetings for the members of the steering committee and expert panel committee . none of the members of these committees received any financial or in - kind remuneration for their contribution to this work .

( 10 ) peter t . katzmarzyk and ian janssen , “the economic costs associated with physical inactivity and obesity in canada : an update , ” canadian journal of applied physiology , vol . 29 , no . 1 , 2004 , p . 104 .

tjepkema , michael . 2006 . “ adult obesity . ” health reports . vol . 17 , no . 3 . august . statistics canada catalogue no . 82 - 003 . p . 9 . urltoken

tjepkema , michael . 2006 . “ adult obesity . ” health reports . vol . 17 , no . 3 . august . statistics canada catalogue no . 82 - 003 . p . 9–24 . urltoken

source : statistics canada , canadian community health survey , 2000 - 2001 , 2003 , and canadian community health survey , 2004 .

reilly jj , mcdowell zc . physical activity interventions in the prevention and treatment of paediatric obesity : systematic review and critical appraisal .

in order to shed light on these issues , this study analyzed and compared ses - bmi associations in the usa and in canada for both women and men . specific objectives were to : 1 ) describe how variance in bmi is distributed at the individual , regional , and subnational levels , 2 ) globally assess and compare the ses - bmi associations between the usa and canada , 3 ) describe geographic variations in bmi within countries , and 4 ) characterize the geographic patterns of bmi variance by ses group .

although obesity has traditionally been conceptualized as a physical problem for physicians to treat , 8 there is increasing awareness of the role that governments , corporations and educators can play in preventing and reducing obesity . a number of legislative initiatives have already been implemented in canada , but they require monitoring and assessment . community - based interventions have failed in the past because they were inadequately supported by legislative measures that provided an impact at the societal level .

obesity should no longer be viewed as a cosmetic or body - image issue . there is compelling evidence that overweight people are at increased risk of a variety of health problems , including type 2 diabetes , hypertension , dyslipidemia , coronary artery disease , stroke , osteoarthritis and certain forms of cancers . it has recently been estimated that about 1 in 10 premature deaths among canadian adults 20–64 years of age is directly attributable to overweight and obesity . in addition to affecting personal health , the increased health risks translate into an increased burden on the health care system . the cost of obesity in canada has been conservatively estimated to be $ 2 billion a year or 2 . 4 % of total health care expenditures in 1997 . 3 thus , the continuing epidemic of obesity in canada is exacting a high toll on the health of the population .

bray ga , greenway fl . current and potential drugs for treatment of obesity .

another report released by statistics canada in early 2005 presents an alarming outlook for overweight and obesity in canada should current trends continue . the study found that approximately one - third of people who were classified as normal weight in 1994 - 1995 had become overweight by 2002 - 2003 , and nearly one - quarter of those who were initially overweight were classified as obese after the eight - year period . conversely , only 10 % of those who were overweight in 1994 - 1995 had progressed to a normal weight range by 2002 - 2003 . ( 6 )

these canadian guidelines on the prevention and management of obesity were developed to address the need for evidence - based recommendations for the management of obesity at the individual and population levels , to identify gaps in knowledge and to establish an agenda for future research in this area .

albert sg , mooradian ad . low - dose recombinant human growth hormone as adjuvant therapy to lifestyle modifications in the management of obesity .

researchers say they are especially concerned about the massive increase in the extreme ends of the obesity spectrum – class 2 and class 3 .

the rising prevalence of overweight and obesity in canada is not restricted to the adult population ; data for children mirror the trend among adults . although prevalence data for children may vary due to the use of multiple methodologies in the literature , the trends are consistent in showing rapidly increasing rates of overweight and obesity among canadian children . ( 7 ) according to one methodology , rates of overweight ( including obesity ) among children ages 7 to 13 increased by 200 % - 300 % between 1981 and 2001 , though they appear to have stabilized somewhat in recent years ( see table 3 ) .

40 . obesity prevention should take a multisector approach— similar to that used for tobacco control in canada . prevention efforts should invest in and target all age groups and span life from infancy to old age . innovative ways to provide access and programs to less economically viable citizens should be developed [ grade c , level4 ] .

) . the gradient was not observed in canada . although the mean bmi varies by ses and gender , the variation of bmi by ses and gender is relatively constant at all levels .

tous les manuscrits ainsi que tout le contenu demeurent accessibles sur pubmed central ( é . - u . ) et europe pubmed central . environ 3000 manuscrits des chercheurs financés par les instituts de recherche en santé du canada ( irsc ) ont aussi été transférés au dépôt numérique du conseil national de recherches du canada ( cnrc ) et formeront la collection des instituts de recherche en santé du canada 2009 - 2017 .

at 13 . 7 per cent , the northwest territories had the second - worst food security rate in canada in 2011 - 2012 , behind nunavut at 36 . 7 per cent , and ahead of yukon at 12 . 4 per cent .

citation : lebel a , kestens y , clary c , bisset s , subramanian sv ( 2014 ) geographic variability in the association between socioeconomic status and bmi in the usa and canada . plos one 9 ( 6 ) : e99158 . urltoken

garriguet , didier . 2008 . “ obesity and the eating habits of the aboriginal population . ” health reports . vol . 19 , no . 1 . march . statistics canada catalogue no . 82 - 003 . urltoken

the following is an overview of an historical study and more recent survey results on the prevalence of overweight and obesity among canadians . regardless of the specific studies or surveys used , the statistics are consistent in showing increasing rates of overweight and obesity in canadian society over time .

is defined as weight in kilograms divided by the square of the height in meters ( table 1 ) .

chagnac a , weinstein t , herman m , et al . the effects of weight loss on renal function in patients with severe obesity .

ford es , mokdad ah ( 2008 ) epidemiology of obesity in the western hemisphere . journal of clinical endocrinology & metabolism 93 : s1–s8 .

the economic costs of obesity are estimated at $ 4 . 6 billion in 2008 , up about 19 % from $ 3 . 9 billion in 2000 , based on costs associated with the eight chronic diseases most consistently linked to obesity . estimates rise to close to $ 7 . 1 billion when based on the costs associated with 18 chronic diseases linked to obesity .

a number of clinical practice guidelines on the assessment and management of obesity have been published in the past . these have been largely based on consensus statements by expert panels . moreover , most of these guidelines focus on individuals rather than on communities and the population as a whole . recognizing these deficiencies , obesity canada — a not - for - profit organization founded in 1999 to improve the health of canadians by decreasing the occurrence of obesity — convened a panel of experts to determine whether a comprehensive set of guidelines could be developed to address not only the management but also the prevention of obesity in both adults and children . members of the steering committee and expert panel unanimously agreed on an evidence - based approach . through the process of developing these guidelines , which began in the spring of 2004 , members of the steering committee and expert panel identified major gaps in knowledge regarding obesity treatment and prevention . considerable research is required in many areas to optimize management and to prevent the increasing prevalence of overweight and obesity in canada . the authors ' recommendations range from the need for enhanced surveillance and population - based data to new research on the biological , social , cultural and environmental determinants of obesity as well as research on effective treatment strategies , policies and interventions .

a summary of key lessons learned from the international literature on obesity prevention and management .

note : all studies consider the cost of obesity and physical inactivity among adults only .

obesity tends to be more prevalent among males than females ; however , this depends to some extent on the age group and whether obesity is self - reported or measured .

mclaren l ( 2007 ) socioeconomic status and obesity . epidemiologic reviews 29 : 29–48 .

globally , the number of men and women with obesity rose from 105 million in 1975 to 641 million in 2014 , a british led team reported in this week ' s issue of the lancet medical journal . obesity is determined by body mass index , which is based on height and weight . a score over 30 is considered obese .

ezzati ' s team also made projections , saying if post - 2000 trends continue , the global obesity prevalence will reach 18 per cent in men and surpass 21 per cent in women by 2025 .

shields , margot . 2006 . “ overweight and obesity among children and youth . ” health reports . vol . 17 , no . 3 . august . statistics canada catalogue no . 82 - 003 . p . 27–42 . urltoken

( 2 ) obesity : preventing and managing the global epidemic , report of a who consultation on obesity , 3 - 5 june 1997 , executive summary , p . 2 .

distribution of the household population by adult body mass index ( bmi ) - health canada ( hc ) classification , by sex and age group .

19 . when treating obesity in children , we suggest using family - oriented behaviour therapy [ grade b , level 1 49 – 53 ] .

le petit , christel , berthelot , jean–marie . 2006 . “ obesity—a growing issue . ” health reports . vol . 17 , no . 3 . august . statistics canada catalogue no . 82 - 003 . p . 43–50 . urltoken

shields , margot , tremblay , mark s . 2008 . “ sedentary behaviour and obesity among canadian adults . ” health reports . vol . 19 , no . 2 . june . statistics canada catalogue no . 82 - 003 . urltoken

giskes k , avendaňo m , brug j , kunst ae ( 2010 ) a systematic review of studies on socioeconomic inequalities in dietary intakes associated with weight gain and overweight / obesity conducted among european adults . obesity reviews 11 : 413–429 .

several measures have already been implemented in canada to limit access to junk food in schools . the ontario provincial government has mandated the replacement of food and beverages in vending machines with healthy and nutritious alternatives that meet criteria specified by dietitians of canada with respect to fat , fibre , sodium , calcium , and vitamin and mineral contents . 37 the new brunswick provincial government banned junk food from vending machines in elementary schools in 2005 . some districts have also banned the sale of sugary and unhealthy foods from their schools and vending machines , or banned vending machines altogether . 13 , 33

this change in lifestyle is most evident in the south pacific . on the list of " fattest " countries , eight of the top 10 are in the pacific region .

leiter la , abbott d , campbell nr , et al . lifestyle modifications to prevent and control hypertension . 2 . recommendations on obesity and weight loss . canadian hypertension society , canadian coalition for high blood pressure prevention and control , laboratory centre for disease control at health canada , heart and stroke foundation of canada . cmaj 1999 ; 160 ( 9 suppl ) : s7 - 12 .

reviews addressing the association between socioeconomic status ( ses ) and obesity report inconsistent findings [ 7 ] , [ 9 ] , [ 10 ] . the most consistent finding is the inverse social gradient for obesity in women in the developed world [ 11 ] . the usa and canada are no exception ; obesity prevalence is not consistently associated to educational attainment , although prevalence tends to be lower among college graduates in both countries . income has been found to be negatively associated with obesity , for women [ 12 ] , [ 13 ] , but non - significant or even positive for men [ 14 ] . racial disparities have been observed in the usa only , with higher prevalence among the black population [ 13 ] , [ 15 ] .

- screening for obesity - related conditions ( e . g . , dyslipidemia , diabetes )

king d ( 2011 ) the future challenge of obesity . the lancet 378 : 743–744 .

prus sg ( 2011 ) comparing social determinants of self - rated health across the united states and canada . social science & medicine 73 : 50–59 .

4 . we recommend measuring waist circumference in all adults to assess obesity - related health risks [ grade a , level 3 5 , 6 ] .

however , change in vpc was not identical between subsamples . although the level - specific changes ( δσ 2 ) were relatively similar between countries at the individual level ( 4 . 5 % to 7 . 1 % ) , much more heterogeneity was found at the geographic levels . reduction in variance at the subnational level was greater in the usa ( 57 . 5 % for women and 23 . 1 % for men ) than in canada ( 28 . 3 % and 23 . 8 % respectively ) . at the regional level , reduction in variance was greater in canada ( 61 . 9 % and 53 . 8 % ) than in the usa ( 26 . 8 % and 10 . 8 % ) .

obesity has traditionally been considered a medical “problem” for physicians to treat . 8 according to the 2006 canadian clinical practice guidelines on the management and prevention of obesity in adults and children , the monitoring of weight in patients at risk for obesity should be an integral part of primary care . 6 however , minimal attention is often given to long - term weight management by primary care physicians . 9 , 10

mcgrail km , van doorslaer e , ross na , sanmartin c ( 2009 ) income - related health inequalities in canada and the united states : a decomposition analysis . american journal of public health 99 : 1856–1863 .

about one in five adults worldwide will have obesity by 2025 if current trends continue , say public health experts who are calling for changes to food policy .

in addition to studies focused on the cost of obesity and inactivity nationwide , gpi atlantic commissioned a series of reports between 2000 and 2001 that estimated the direct and indirect costs of obesity in individual provinces . ( 16 ) figures 4 and 5 present comparative results from the eight provincial reports produced . in absolute terms , the less - populated provinces tended to have lower costs of obesity , as one might expect . however , figure 5 demonstrates that these same provinces also tended to spend a larger share of their provincial health care budgets on obesity - related expenditures .

after age 54 , the rate of obesity was about the same for men and women . among both sexes , those aged 18 to 19 had the lowest obesity rate ( chart 3 ) .

veerman jl , barendregt jj ( 2010 ) population interventions for obesity . epidemiology 21 : 274 .

2 . because of the lack of adequate information on the prevalence of obesity and related risk factors in canada , particularly among subgroups of the population , we recommend the creation of a national surveillance system that incorporates , at a minimum , measurements of height , weight and waist circumference [ grade a , level3 ] .

canadian diabetes association clinical practice guidelines expert committee . canadian diabetes association 2003 clinical practice guidelines for the prevention and management of diabetes in canada . can j diabetes 2003 : 27 ( suppl 2 ) : s1 - 152 .

as with trans fats , sodium is an ingredient often present in excess in junk and processed foods that may also directly contribute to the obesity epidemic by enhancing the palatability and overconsumption of these foods . thus , it has been proposed that reducing the amount of sodium in processed and junk foods , thereby making them less palatable , may help reduce the obesity epidemic . 14 , 27

table 3 presents the distribution of the variance for the subnational , regional , and individual levels . most of the variance was at the individual level . the variance partition coefficient ( vpc ) showed that the proportion of bmi variation at the geographic levels was slightly higher for women in the usa than in canada ( 4 . 0 % and 3 . 3 % respectively ) . for men , the difference was greater in the usa ( 4 . 9 % ) than in canada ( 2 . 4 % ) . when adjusting for age , race , education , income and living in an urban environment , about 1 % of this higher - level variance was explained among women in both countries . this represents the portion of the bmi variance distributed at the regional and subnational levels that is explained by the geographic distribution of age , race , education , income and living in an urban environment . for men , adding these variables explained only 0 . 4 % of the contextual variance in the usa and 0 . 9 % in canada .

figure 1 shows the 95 % ci of bmi means by education and income category . the reference category ( young , highest income , graduate studies , white , living in an urban environment ) had a higher bmi in the usa than in canada , both for women and men . for women , associations were similar in both countries : the lower the household income or education level , the higher the bmi . this gradient , however , was stronger in the usa .

what factors influence body weight , and in particular overweight and obesity ? at the most fundamental level , overweight and obesity result from an imbalance between caloric intake and usage . in support of this perspective , health and nutrition experts cite increasingly sedentary lifestyles resulting from urban planning and technological changes in the way we work ; they also point to increasing portion sizes and the poor availability of nutritional food choices in schools and workplaces . however , “there is no consensus as to whether the current obesity epidemic in north america is primarily the result of high levels of physical inactivity or high dietary intake of energy - dense foods , and it is likely that both dietary intake and physical inactivity have played a role in the increasing prevalence of overweight and obesity . ” ( 10 )

since academic systems between and within countries are not uniform , educational attainment categories were based on the number of completed school years , and on diplomas earned . in the usa , the “no high school diploma” category includes those who never went to school up to those who stopped after 11 years of schooling ; in canada , this category includes also those who had been thirteen years at school but had no diploma . the “high school” category includes grade 12 or the equivalent in the usa ; in canada , this category includes only those who successfully finished high school ( secondary - 5 diploma or 13 th year completed ) . the “college” category includes those who had completed one to three years of college or technical school in the usa ; in canada it includes all those who did some post - secondary , with or without a college diploma , including those who received a university certificate ( only one year at the university ) . finally in the usa , the “graduate studies” category includes at least four years spent at college and graduation ; in canada , this category includes those with a baccalaureate diploma or higher . we used the same educational attainment category label , although slight differences in their meaning exist between both countries .

shields , margot , connor gorber , sarah , tremblay , mark s . 2008 . “ effects of measurement on obesity and morbidity . ” health reports . vol . 19 , no . 2 . june . statistics canada catalogue no . 82 - 003 . urltoken

the study population includes adults from both the usa and canada . table 1 presents the sample size for the brfss and cchs . observations with missing information regarding bmi , age , education , race , household size were removed as well as all pregnant women ( 10 . 4 % in the usa and 13 . 8 % in canada ) . observations for which income information was missing were kept by using a missing income category . mean bmi for excluded individuals was the same for all categories ( average difference less than 0 . 1 kg / m 2 ) except for canadian women for whom the mean bmi was 0 . 85 kg / m 2 higher . study samples were reduced to participants living in contiguous and continental states in the usa , and in the 10 provinces of canada – thereby excluding territories .

without societal changes , a substantial and steadily rising proportion of adults will succumb to the medical complications of obesity ; indeed , the medical burden of obesity already threatens to overwhelm health services . the spectrum of problems seen in both developing and developed countries is having so negative an impact that obesity should be regarded as today’s principal neglected public health problem . ( 2 )

in 2014 , 20 . 2 % of canadians aged 18 and older , roughly 5 . 3 million adults , reported height and weight that classified them as obese . the rate of obesity among men increased to 21 . 8 % in 2014 from 20 . 1 % in 2013 , and is the highest obesity rate for men reported since 2003 ( in 2003 , 16 . 0 % of males were obese ) . among women , the rate of obesity in 2014 ( 18 . 7 % ) was an increase over 2013 and also up significantly from 2003 when it was 14 . 5 % ( chart 1 ) .

summerbell cd , ashton v , campbell kj , et al . interventions for treating obesity in children . cochrane database syst rev 2003 ; ( 3 ) : cd001872 .

source : based on figures provided in the gpi atlantic cost of obesity reports for each province , prepared by ronald colman , . compiled by the library of parliament .

wing rr , jeffery rw . outpatient treatments of obesity : a comparison of methodology and clinical results .

freedman ds ( 2011 ) obesity - united - states , 1988–2008 . center for disease control and prevention

this study underlines how bmi varies by country , region , gender and ses . lower socioeconomic groups within some regions show a much higher variation in bmi than in other regions . above the bmi regional mean , important variation patterns of bmi by ses and place of residence were found in the usa . no such pattern was found in canada . this study suggests that a change in the mean does not necessarily reflect the change in the variance . analyzing the variance by ses may be a good way to detect subtle influences of social forces underlying social inequalities .

the cause of obesity is complex and multifactorial . within the context of environmental , social and genetic factors , at the simplest level obesity results from long - term positive energy balance — the interaction of energy intake and energy expenditure . the rapid increase in the prevalence of obesity over the past 20 years is a result of environmental and cultural influences rather than genetic factors . with progressive improvements in the standard of living in developed and developing countries , overnutrition and sedentary lifestyle have supplanted physical labour and regular physical activity , which has resulted in positive energy balance and overweight .

stamatakis ka , leatherdale st , marx cm , yan y , colditz ga , et al . ( 2012 ) where is obesity prevention on the map ? : distribution and predictors of local health department prevention activities in relation to county - level obesity prevalence in the united states . journal of public health management and practice 18 : 402–411 .

shields , margot , connor gorber , sarah , tremblay , mark s . 2008 . “ estimates of obesity based on self–report versus direct measures . ” health reports . vol . 19 , no . 2 . june . statistics canada catalogue no . 82 - 003 . urltoken

to encourage thoughtful and respectful conversations , first and last names will appear with each submission to cbc / radio - canada ' s online communities ( except in children and youth - oriented communities ) . pseudonyms will no longer be permitted .

sources : c . laird birmingham et al . , “the cost of obesity in canada , ” canadian medical association journal , vol . 160 , no . 4 , february 1999 , pp . 483 - 488 ; peter t . katzmarzyk , norman gledhill , and roy j . shephard , “the economic burden of physical inactivity in canada , ” canadian medical association journal , vol . 163 , no . 11 , november 2000 , pp . 1435 - 1440 ; and katzmarzyk and janssen ( 2004 ) , pp . 90 - 115 . table prepared by the library of parliament .

( 5 ) peter t . katzmarzyk , “ the canadian obesity epidemic : an historical perspective , ” obesity research , vol . 10 , no . 7 , july 2002 , pp . 666 - 674 .

all analyses were performed using mlwin 2 . 27 with the iterated generalized least squares ( igls ) estimation method and the standardized sampling weights provided by cdc or statistics canada .

the objective of this study was to determine if the prevalence of overweight and obesity is associated with neighbourhood walkability . the analysis tested whether a dose - response relationship between the street smart walk score® and various measures of physical activity , overweight , and obesity existed in a large , population - based sample of adults in urban and suburban ontario .

the growing problem of obesity in canada can be reversed only with an integrated approach involving both the public health and medical models . stakeholders at all levels must be involved to achieve the greatest overall impact . there is a greater need than ever for strong political will to effect these complex societal changes , and for champions at all levels of government to step forward and do so in new , innovative and effective ways .

obesity rates surged 200 per cent between 1985 and 2011 among canadian adults over age 18 . ( cbc )

mckeown - eyssen g ( 2006 ) methodologic issues for the study of obesity . epidemiology 17 : 134–135 .

by following canada ' s food guide , your family will be able to meet their energy and nutrient needs . keep your fridge stocked with foods from all four food groups .

ogden cl , lamb mm , caroll md , flegal km ( 2010 ) obesity and socioeconomic status in adults : united - states , 2005–2008 . center for disease control and prevention

michimi a , wimberly mc ( 2010 ) spatial patterns of obesity and associated risk factors in the conterminous u . s . american . journal of preventive medicine 39 : 1–12 .

our exploratory analyses provided new insights on the geographic variability of the association between bmi , education , and income in the usa and in canada , as well as the distribution of its associated variance . this paper shows how ses - bmi associations vary geographically beyond individual level associations . the current knowledge on obesity would particularly benefit from a repeated cross - sectional or longitudinal application of this modeling strategy . this could reveal how the variance in ses - bmi associations evolves through both space and time .

because obesity is increasingly viewed as a societal issue , members of the steering committee and expert panel unanimously agreed to include chapters on the prevention of obesity in children and adults at the population level , as well as implications of the guidelines for health policy - makers and other interested parties .

( 14 ) larissa roux and cam donaldson , “economics and obesity : costing the problem or evaluating solutions ? ” obesity research , vol . 12 , no . 2 , february 2004 , pp . 173 - 179 .

the situation was very different for men . the average bmi of the reference category was about two points higher than for women in both countries . income was not associated with bmi in the usa , and a positive association was observed in canada –higher income levels translating into higher bmis . concerning the education level , an inversed u - shaped relation was observed in the usa where respondents with graduated studies and those without high school diploma had the lowest bmi , while those with some college education had the highest ( figure 1c ) . in canada , only the most educated men had a slightly , but significantly , different bmi than all other categories , with an average 0 . 5 kg / m 2 lower .