a schulte table is a grid with randomly distributed numbers or letters used for development of speed reading , peripheral vision , attention and visual perception .

schulte table

schulte table <EOT> also there is myth that schulte table must be played only statically without clicking anything , this is wrong , because if your goal is to upgrade yourself , be more productive , find and analyze information much faster , improve attention and performance , then statically schulte table will not help , it will only increase your vision area that this version of schulte table can do also .

- is online game , that contains most powerful tools to upgrade your brain abilities based on schulte table , and other methods to train your brain .

this is a program of schulte table . you can use it to improve your abilities . if you practice super speed reading , this program may help you .

focus on the center of the table , try to see whole table while playing and try also not to move your eyes while searching numbers and clicking on them .

game clicker or schulte tables . rules and information about the game . develop attention training on urltoken

va . group wants to unseat pilgrims at history ' s table ( washingtonpost . com )

after the table is completed , certain results interpretation is possible . the following operating status indicators are calculated :

table 5 - 2 blood concentrations for cadmium in the u . s . population aged 1 year and older

table 5 - 3 urine concentrations for cadmium in the u . s . population aged 6 years and older

the most common version of the table is 5 columns and 5 rows , and cells are the numbers from 1 to 25 .

schulte , p et al . ( 2009 ) : ( table 2 ) representative analyses of fe–mg - ti - rich globules and lath - shaped pseudomorphologically - replaced crystallites , as well as the enclosing spherule matrix from two smectite spherules of the spherule deposit in odp hole 207 - 1258b

schulte , p . a . , and f . p . perera . 1993 . molecular epidemiology : principle and practices . new york : academy press .

williams is joined by students jada alexia hampton as ermina crump , avery howard as godfrey crump , kenyana trambles as lily ann green and hannah michelle as gerte schulte .

" crumbs from the table of joy " intertwines the struggle — both inwardly and outwardly — of the journey toward a better life and comfort .

search for numbers ascending from 1 to 25 , mentally noting the results . the distance from the eyes to the table must be equal to the distance at which the person is used to read . the table must be clearly and fully visible - typically at a distance of 35 - 40 cm .

imagine a thanksgiving day without pilgrims . no turkey , no cranberries , no happy celebrations with family and friends crammed around the extended dining - room table .

particular importance is the work with schulte tables within general training of neurolinguistic programming . due to exercises , working capacity increases , as well as skill and speed of execution of consecutive actions . that is , the table is teaching the person to disable critical perception of reality and move into some apathetic state , which is ideal for working with the logical sequence of operations .

schulte , p . a . , and m . waters . 1999 . using molecular epidemiology in assessing exposure for risk assessment . ann . ny acad . sci . 895 : 101 - 111 .

lauded as a way of reducing uncertainty ( goldstein 1996 ; schulte and waters 1999 ; perera 2000 ; vainio 2001 ; who 2001 ; maier et al . 2004 ) , there are relatively few such cases .

p . s . i prefer to use mouse in my training , you can also use touch - screen but i don’t like when fingers are preventing me seeing all the table .

table 5 - 5 shows that the biomonitoring - based exposure estimate for dehp had a median of 0 . 71 , a 95th percentile value of 3 . 6 , and a maxi -

working with tables helps in quick and easy developing of some useful skills that will significantly improve the ability to work hard and intellectual load . regular training with schulte tables is the most effective speed reading and concentration training .

the tester has the standard online versions of the table , but the more difficult levels or certain types of tables can be either downloaded or passed on brainapps with extensive interpretation of the results .

table 5 - 5 estimated exposures ( µg / kg / day ) to the general population based on extrapolated intake from urinary metabolites in 289 individuals measured by blount et al . ( 2000 )

+ new game modes : 1 . gorbov - schulte 2 . practice + new app design + new app icon + statsitics has more information + next symbol is being said + sound and vibration feedback + new board size 4x4

) . putative criteria were sorted according to the resulting overall sensitivities and specificities . from all band combinations resulting in the same specificity , only those with the highest sensitivities were extracted for presentation in table

schulte , p . a . , and g . talaska . 1995 . validity criteria for the use of biological markers of exposure to chemical agents in environmental epidemiology . toxicology 101 ( 1 - 2 ) : 73 - 88 .

an interesting and complicated analog is represented by red and black schulte tables , which provide blocks of numbers from 1 to 25 . they can significantly diversify the training , since there may be more options , for example , searching for numbers of red and black by turn , or finding all the numbers of only one color , and so on . learn more about the rules for training with red and black tables in the section of the gorbova - schulte tables .

schulte tables are successfully used both individually and in groups , for example , on collective training . the fastest and most noticeable effect of this training is given to the developing organism - children , for whom specially modified tables are developed .

the most convenient way to work with tables is the online mode . a mini - trainer will give the user a random version of the table and allow a to fix completion time with a simple key click .

" - is schulte tables . there are many paper and online variations of these tables . interestingly , this test is so popular that its name is already read as an abbreviation , a psychiatrist who first invented the technique , is almost not remembered .

the results for all scales can be assessed as good , or requiring training . for each age , normal readings are different , as well as for each variant of the table . find more information about results interpretation here .

rothman , n . , w . f . stewart , and p . a . schulte . 1995 . incorporating biomarkers into cancer epidemiology : a matrix of biomarker and study design categories . cancer epidemiol . biomarkers prev . 4 ( 4 ) : 301 - 311 .

usi ' s production of ' crumbs ' showcases history through memory " crumbs from the table of joy " intertwines the struggle — both inwardly and outwardly — of the journey toward a better life and comfort . check out this story on urltoken urltoken

jauris - heipke , s . , b . roessle , g . wanner , c . habermann , d . roessler , v . fingerle , g . lehnert , r . lobentanzer , i . pradel , b . hillenbrand , u . schulte - spechtel , and b . wilske .

they can be used to evaluate not only static , but also dynamic results of working with the table . when calculating the results with their further interpretation , the speed of finding all the numbers is taken into account ( at least 4 indicators ) .

the case studies presented in this chapter and in appendix b exemplify a variety of interpretive options . table 5 - 6 and the associated text summarize the case - study biomarkers in terms of their utility , supporting data , and the interpretive option that they exemplify .

when working with tables , the main aspect is the correct passage of training . since the emphasis is made on the improvement of peripheral vision , the training begins with the focus on the central cell of the table , while the others are evaluated only in the periphery .

if there is no internet or you wish to have a table at your fingertips in a printed version , it can be downloaded in various formats . in addition , printed exercises will allow to carry out mass training at work or , for example , in children groups .

while working with schulte tables , the most important role is played by two points : the speed of finding all the numbers in ascending order ( or descending order , depending on the setting ) and correct exercising . only in this case , positive training effect will take place , and you will improve peripheral vision .

( each must take less than 60 sec , but if 60 sec isn ' t enough for you than don ' t worry , you soon will be able to solve it much faster ) , so on the beginning of third lesson you will have 10 lines on each of your result table .

smaller versions of the tables that are simpler due to fewer numbers , are perfect for training children . for the younger ones , exercises with numbers from 1 to 9 will come in good , and for older children , tables of 12 , 16 and 20 cells are provided . children schulte tables allow to train the peripheral vision since primary school age . learn more about them here .

as shown in table 5 - 4 , the nhanes median values observed for the four metals in the u . s . population correspond , on the average , to about 4 % of the beis , whereas the 95th percentile values reach up to over 30 % of the bei . mercury is a special case because occupational exposures to mercury

) for wb for igm with both strains and for wb for igg with pko . for wb for igg with pbi , p30 was included in the band combination proposed previously . wb is used as a confirmatory assay ; therefore , specificities of at least 96 % were required . by applying these criteria to the panel of sera provided by eucalb , high sensitivities were obtained for sera from patients with all manifestations of lb ( table

< 0 . 001 ) . p41 of both strains was the band most frequently recognized by wb for igg by the group a samples but was also recognized by many control group sera . for group a , recognition of none of the other bands of pbi reached sensitivities of 25 % or more by wb for igg , whereas the unique proteins of pko , p43 , p17 , and p14 , were recognized considerably more frequently . from table

the ability to define a reference population can be a substantial limitation . there may be insufficient information regarding the exposure history of the reference population to a particular contaminant of interest . it is important to know the range of values of a given biomarker in a “normal” population ( nrc 1991 ) , where normal is regarded as without occupational exposure or without observed or hypothetical environmental exposure . however , schulte and talaska ( 1995 ) point out that pristine populations are rare , so “nonexposed” populations generally have some exposure of widely varied extent .

if done correctly , it will seem at first that the task is completed very slowly , because the eyes are not accustomed to work effectively in periphery . however , after one - two weeks you will feel positive result . in addition , at the beginning it is difficult to keep the view on the central cell - it will continually slide to habitually locate the desired cell by central vision . it is important to hold it in one place - in the center of the table .

concern its inorganic forms almost exclusively and the beis apply only to these forms . in contrast , the general population is exposed largely to the organic forms . the comparisons presented in table 5 - 4 are therefore of limited value for this specific metal . for parathion and pentachlorophenol , the 95th percentile values are below 1 % of the bei . pahs are also assessed in nhanes and acgih proposes only one biomarker , 1 - hydroxypyrene . however , acgih does not recommend a specific limit value for this determinant .

knowledge of the world is not possible without attention . any activity is accompanied by concentration and a continuous analysis of the state of the object , phenomena , properties . one of the most popular methods for the development of attention , and this is the basis of our games " clicker " and "

click on boxes from 1 to 25 ( or in reversed order ) as fast as you can . in reaction mode click on red box .

for even better results - you have to treat this game as daily meditation practice .

i also recommend you while playing listen to special music for meditation , you can listen to radio for meditation right here . ( click play button in buttom left corner )

after 1 year of training you will be surprised , how everything comes easily to you .

if you are googling something you don’t just stare at your screen , you type and click , find and click , and after working out here you would be able to do it much faster .

if you are programmer , you will be able to see more of your code at once , find functions , procedures , classes , needed information in documentation much faster and be more productive .

even if you are gamer , this training will help you to be faster , see sharp more area of the screen , you will get more frags and headshots : ) .

in the left buttom corner you will find your daily progress , every day minimum is to make it 100 % .

if you want to make progress in your training you have to play all modes of the game : reaction , classic light , classic light reverse , classic original , classic original reverse and memory .

? click " f - facebook log in " to use your facebook user to log in . if you don ' t have facebook , enter user and password which you want to use and click " ok " . press " x " to play without statistics and tasks , as anonymous .

the app is now available in german , spanish , french and chinese languages .

i wish instructions just said that you concentrate on the middle square and then click the numbers in ascending order from 1 to 20 something . that ' s it very challenging and enjoying once i figured that out ! !

my only suggestion would be to add an alert once you reach the daily 10 . also , a notification to do this daily !

strangely relaxing . i don ' t ever do it 10 times a day but i do enjoy playing a few tables at a time . i am much better at letters than numbers

requires ios 9 . 0 or later . compatible with iphone , ipad , and ipod touch .

with family sharing set up , up to six family members can use this app .

by purchasing this item , you are transacting with google payments and agreeing to the google payments terms of service and privacy notice .

html public " - / / w3c / / dtd xhtml 1 . 0 strict / / en " " urltoken "

my tide times is the only tide tables application you ' ll ever need .

migrate from github to sourceforge with this tool . check out all of sourceforge ' s recent improvements .

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do you have a github project ? now you can automatically sync your releases to sourceforge & take advantage of both platforms . the github import tool allows you to quickly & easily import your github project repos , releases , issues , & wiki to sourceforge with a few clicks . then your future releases will be synced to sourceforge automatically . your project will reach over 35 million more people per month and you’ll get detailed download statistics .

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57 cores ; 453 . 9 m cored ; 7 m drilled ; 76 . 3 % recovery

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human vision works so that the most accurate concentration is in the central zone of the retina . the peripheral zone works much less efficiently , therefore , the angle and width of a person viewing is quite limited .

quick information search ( working with tables teaches to cover a large amount of text while looking at the point , making finding information in the block must easier ) .

passing the test also allows you to assess current skills , to see if they need improvement .

completion speed is also an important aspect , but you should not reach it by moving your eyes over all cells , as the effect of the training will be lost . therefore , the next image shows how you shouldn ' t pass the exercise .

besides to standard 5x5 variants , there are simpler tables for beginners - 3x3 and 4x4 . also , the following variants were specially developed :

to get more information about this book , to buy it in print , or to download it as a free pdf .

. washington , dc : the national academies press . doi : 10 . 17226 / 11700 .

this chapter describes various options for interpreting biomonitoring results with respect to those two questions and discusses how the analysis and interpretation can be used in different biomonitoring settings . the settings in which biomonitoring results may need interpretation include the workplace , the doctor’s office , screening of the general population , and study of specific subpopulations . the purpose and use of biomonitoring data may vary among those scenarios , but the options for interpreting the data are generally similar .

other questions that are alluded to but not addressed in detail in this chapter include , how did the exposures occur ? are there means to decrease the exposures ? these questions involve interpretation of biomonitoring data but also extend into risk - management issues .

figure 5 - 1 is a flow diagram of the information provided in this chapter . when biomonitoring data become available , one must determine the

interpretive options for evaluating them . the options include descriptive approaches that involve comparisons among biomonitoring datasets and risk - based approaches that describe the degree of risk associated with a given biomonitoring result . throughout this chapter and in appendix b , case studies are used to illustrate the applications of biomonitoring data to understanding of risk . the case studies are intended solely as illustrations and are not judgments about the data or risks associated with the chemicals discussed .

interpreting biomonitoring results depends on the availability of various types of information , including data on exposure , toxicity , and toxicokinetics . if toxicity information is unavailable , the results cannot be put into a risk

context . if exposure information is unavailable , it may not be possible to determine where and how the exposures that produced the measured biomarker concentrations occurred . however , the starting point for interpreting biomonitoring data is an assessment of the quality of the biomonitoring data . if they are of low quality , there is little point in considering whether exposure or toxicity information is available . but high - quality biomonitoring data may be applied to a variety of interpretive options , as outlined below . chapter 4 reviews the considerations relevant to the design of biomonitoring studies to ensure scientific quality and integrity .

two main options for interpreting biomonitoring results—descriptive and risk - based approaches—appear in figure 5 - 1 . this figure is organized from simplest to most complex approaches , with the potential for interpreting health risks also increasing from top to bottom . the expectation is that the quicker , descriptive approaches would be used first and then , depending on the level of concern and data availability , risk - based approaches would be used . the final interpretation of biomonitoring data would probably have elements of both .

another descriptive approach characterizes a chemical’s use pattern in society at large . the information is used to interpret biomonitoring data in terms of how long the chemical may have been detected in bodily fluids and whether its concentration may be going up or down with changing use . it is not uncommon for the public to consider a new biomarker as evidence of new exposure . but it is possible that exposure has been going on for de -

cades and the biomarker became available only recently . because new or increasing exposure generally prompts greater concern , the context is important . this question is best answered by analysis of biomonitoring results that span several years of sample collection . however , if biomonitoring results are available only for a single sampling round , temporal trends cannot be known . in such a case , historical data on chemical production rates and trends may be useful ( if they are available ) .

the most data - intensive approaches are those which evaluate the risk associated with a biomonitoring result . evaluation of risk may be a desirable outcome , given the importance of the “how risky is this blood concentration” question and the fact that the descriptive approaches only provide relative information and do not assess risk . figure 5 - 2 illustrates the various risk - based options discussed in the report .

ments . those assessments characterize human exposure with a pathways analysis , accounting for concentrations in air , food , water , and soil to estimate human dose in milligrams per kilogram per day . the dose is then used to calculate risk on the basis of reference doses or cancer slope factors ( see figure 5 - 2b ) . using existing risk assessments for interpreting biomonitoring data can help to put biomonitoring results into a broad risk

context that makes maximal use of the underlying exposure and toxicology data but falls short of actually calculating risk .

another option attempts to convert biomonitoring results into a form that is directly useful for risk assessment . the chapter describes both the human pharmacokinetic ( pk ) modeling used to relate internal concentration to dose and the development of exposure - response relationships in animal studies that use biomarker concentrations rather than applied dose ( see figure 5 - 2c ) . finally , the chapter describes how biomonitoring studies can augment and help to interpret traditional risk assessments .

many communication challenges stem from collection , interpretation , and reporting of biomonitoring results . this chapter indicates where communication issues arise in relation to the interpretation of biomonitoring results ; these issues are explored more fully in chapter 6 .

when data gaps are filled , there may be disagreement about how to apply the data for interpreting biomonitoring results . for example , the biomarker–toxicity relationship for methylmercury has been controversial because of the differences in results among major epidemiology studies ( appendix b ) . although a national consensus has emerged after the national research council review of methylmercury ( nrc 2000 ) , there may not be an opportunity for such a comprehensive analysis of other biomarkers as data gaps are addressed and risk assessors use existing data .

the case studies in this chapter and in appendix b are presented to illustrate particular points and are not intended to be exhaustive in their review or analysis of a chemical .

abbreviations : pbde = polybrominated diphenyl ether ; tce = trichloroethylene ; pfoa = perfluorooctanoic acid ; tcp = trichloro - 2 - pyridinol .

biomonitoring results can be interpreted at different levels of complexity ( figure 5 - 1 ) . the reference - range approach represents the least complex level . it is only descriptive , offering a statistical presentation of data ( tables 5 - 2 and 5 - 3 ) for comparison with data from other populations or individuals but with no conclusions about risk potential . however , this approach is often the first stage in the more complex risk - related analyses discussed in the remainder of the chapter .

in the reference - range approach , reference ranges ( or intervals ) , 1 are established , and biomonitoring values from individuals or subgroups are compared with them . the validity and utility of biomonitoring values for use as reference ranges depends on study design and data quality , with special attention to the availability and comparability of data on the reference population in relation to the study population .

the overview below focuses on two fundamental elements of the reference - range approach : establishing a reference range and interpreting biomonitoring data in comparison with it . the remainder of this section details methods , principles , and issues related to data quality and reference - population selection and comments on regulatory uses of this approach and related cautions .

the cdc sampling plan follows a “complex , stratified , multistage , probability cluster design to select a representative sample of the civilian noninstitutionalized population of the united states . ” relevant details are

poulsen et al . ( 1994 ) appear to use the term reference interval as synonymous with reference range . in a paper titled “trace element reference values … , ” the authors emphasize that “knowledge of the reference intervals ( baseline data ) for the trace elements in human body fluids and tissues is of paramount importance . ”

a lod = limit of detection , which may vary for some chemicals by year and by individual sample .

b not calculated . proportion of results below limit of detection was too high to provide valid result .

as shown in tables 5 - 2 and 5 - 3 , the data on each group include survey period , geometric mean , population sample size , and the biomarker concentration at the 50th , 75th , 90th , and 95th percentiles of the population distribution .

a not calculated . proportion of results below limit of detection was too high to provide valid result .

pared with that in a reference population . that approach depends on a suitable reference population and a body of biomonitoring data collected in comparable fashion that can serve as a reference range . ( for discussion of an appropriate comparison population , see chapter 4 . )

figure 5 - 3 illustrates the distribution of biomarker concentrations in a generic reference population , expressed as cumulative frequency . as is commonly done in a clinical test , the 95th percentile of the distribution can be used to determine the upper limit value of this test result . however , a different percentile may be chosen , depending on the circumstances , the characteristics of the reference population , the distribution of the results , and the intended purpose of the study . it is important to be aware that a particular cut point does not represent a bright line that automatically separates the population into typical vs highly exposed , or no risk vs high risk ( when , for example , beis or risk - based targets are used ) . rather , it is a guideline to point out where in the population distribution exposures may require more detailed analysis of sources and health risks .

figure 5 - 3 distribution of biomarker concentrations in generic reference population . ulv is the upper limit value .

finally , if the 95th percentile is highly unstable or uncertain because of high variability ( for example , if the distribution has a long tail ) , a more stable percentile would be preferable .

pertinent to the above comparisons is the assumption that the data are from a single study that used a uniform sampling design and method , which initially treated the sampled group as a single population . however , biomonitoring can also study subgroups suspected of having unique exposures—for example , because they lived next to a potential source—in a cross - sectional design . those results can be informative when compared with the reference range and can help to answer the question of whether a

a recent report illustrates the utility of the reference - range approach . in a study designed to collect descriptive information on urinary concentrations of organophosphorus ( op ) metabolite during and soon after pregnancy , bradman et al . ( 2005 ) collected samples from 600 pregnant low - income women living in california’s salinas valley . some 28 % were employed as farm field workers during pregnancy . for 81 % of these women , at least one member of their household worked in agriculture .

suspected contaminant source is , in fact , leading to increased exposures and body burden . box 5 - 1 presents a case example of the utility and limitations of reference ranges .

ideally , reference ranges consist of biomonitoring values developed according to scientifically rigorous study design and quality - control procedures ( see chapter 4 ) . the utility of reference ranges depends on attention to reference populations and data quality .

the reference - range approach depends on data availability and data comparability for both the reference and test populations . ideally , the two populations are comparable in age , race or ethnicity , sex , and other demographic factors and were analyzed for the same end point in the same tissues or fluids ( see introduction to this chapter and chapter 4 ) .

interpreting biomonitoring data from individuals or groups depends on the characteristics of the reference group ( viau et al . 2000 ) . the importance of comparability cannot be overstated . for example , comparative data on

figure 5 - 4 cumulative frequency distribution of the urinary excretion of 1 - hydroxypyrene in people living in two rural districts of burundi ( ▲ ) , in bujumbura ( • ) and in a reference group at the university of montreal ( ■ ) . source : viau et al . 2000 . reprinted with permission ; copyright 2000 , international archives of occupational and environmental health .

urban residents between continents ( bujumbura vs north american populations ) . in other words , the reference group must always be selected on the basis of the study’s objectives and a priori knowledge of exposure of the reference group .

as another example , if biomonitoring results on people who live near a contamination source ( proximity subgroup ) are being evaluated , these results can be lumped in with those on the remainder of the population to create an overall distribution . however , the contribution of the group may shift the distribution , and unless there are large exposure differences ( as in a bimodal distribution ) , it may be difficult to distinguish the proximity group from the rest of the population . keeping the proximity group separate would allow more direct comparisons with the reference population and more relevant interpretation of study results .

ideally , reference ranges are developed from biomonitoring data that conform to the study design and to data - quality considerations ( see chapter 4 ) . for example , valid comparisons depend on comparable sampling methods for collecting data from reference and test populations . similarly , comparisons are meaningful only if comparable statistical methods are applied in analyzing and reporting the data .

it is important to note that short half - life chemicals do have the potential to be useful biomarkers for establishing the reference range if exposure is fairly frequent at about the same concentrations . in this case , rapid clearance can be balanced by frequent exposure to yield a stable blood or urinary concentration . biomonitoring examples with cotinine and phthalates , as described in chapter 4 , illustrate this point .

appropriate reference populations are not always available . for example , recruiting children , especially newborns and infants , is difficult . when it is possible , the samples are usually small ( european commission 2004 ) .

reference - range information permits officials to compare exposures in specific geographic or demographic groups with those in the general ( reference ) population . the reference range may be chosen at a fixed time to facilitate evaluation of temporal trends and the effects of regulatory interventions . because , a reference range can be critical in deciding whether public - health action is warranted ( box 5 - 2 ) or in evaluating the effectiveness of regulatory initiatives , informed attention to the construction of statistically valid and representative reference ranges is imperative ( gao 2000 ) .

in one community where citizens were concerned about exposure to dioxins from nearby chemical manufacturing plants , agency for toxic substance and disease registry ( atsdr ) officials had cdc’s laboratory analyze blood samples and found that some residents had concentrations of several dioxins above the highest in a cdc - atsdr - developed reference range . in response , atsdr helped residents to obtain assistance from medical professionals expert in dioxins and , working with state and federal environmental agencies , began environmental testing to locate exposure sources ( gao 2000 ) .

utility of biomonitoring data . over 60 % of state officials responding to a general accounting office ( now government accountability office ) survey said that the lack of reference - range data prevented them from using human exposure data in their work ( gao 2000 ) . that situation can arise when datasets are biased in some way , background exposures in the control population are not well characterized , or other sampling requirements are not fully met .

as part of nhanes iii , a subsample of about 1 , 000 people provided blood and urine to determine reference ranges for 32 volatile organic compounds ( blood ) and 12 pesticides ( urine ) . demographic subgroups were defined by urban - rural status , region of the country , age , sex , race or ethnicity , and so on . the urinary measurements included metabolites of pesticides , such as carbaryl , naphthlalene , propoxur , carbofuran , parathion , and chlorpyriphos ( pirkle et al . 1995 ) . the datasets demonstrate the feasibility of developing reference ranges for emerging analytes .

in sampling design and overall methodology between reference and subpopulation datasets are especially relevant .

as stated at the outset , reference ranges do not provide conclusions on safety or risk . presenting that fact and other limitations is an essential aspect of communicating reference - range information to individuals , the general public , and organizational decision - makers—a topic developed more fully in chapter 6 .

the use of reference ranges has been considered as a way to compare the exposure in an individual or group against a reference group , generally taken to mean a random sample of the general population . another type of comparison group is workers , who represent a convenient point of reference because a number of biologic reference values have been established for this population ; these values are biomonitoring criteria , typically blood or urinary concentrations , that if exceeded indicate worker overexposure to an occupational toxicant .

the frequently cited sources of biomarker reference values include acgih ( 2005 ) , the deutsche forschungsgemeinschaft ( dfg ) ( dfg 2004 ) , and lauwerys and hoet ( 2001 ) . in the acgih sourcebook on tlvs and beis ( acgih 2005 ) , beis were proposed for 42 substances or groups of substances ( such as methemoglobin inducers ) . because a number of the substances have more than one determinant ( biomarker ) , a total of 71 determinants were reported .

a nhanes results for mercury are for women 16 - 49 years old . beis for mercury apply only to exposure to inorganic forms , whereas main population exposure is usually to organic forms .

the committee cannot make a generic recommendation on applying occupational limit values to the general population . specifically , acgih explicitly states that “the values are inappropriate to use for the general population or for nonoccupational exposures” ( acgih 2003 ) . similarly , dfg indicates that “bat values are not suitable for the derivation , by means of fixed conversion factors , of biological threshold values for long - term nonoccupational exposure such as from air pollution or contaminants in food” ( dfg 2004 ) .

thus , although it may be tempting to lower a bei by time - weighting and uncertainty factors that extrapolate from workers to the general public , the factors listed below must be carefully considered , and such extrapolations should be used with caution . they may be appropriate in specific situations .

in the occupational setting , inhalation is the main route of entry of numerous chemical substances . for some solvents ( such as dimethylformamide ) , dermal exposure may also be a major route of entry . ingestion usually comes last , although poor hygiene in the workplace may result in substantial exposure to aerosolized or particulate contaminants by this route . in comparison , ingestion is often the principal exposure pathway for the general population . assuming that an objective is to protect the general population from the same systemic toxic effects as workers , the importance of potentially different routes of entry must be examined . for example , the liver first - pass effect on ingested substances might alter the proportion of metabolites formed from a parent chemical . the pharmacokinetics of a biomarker may also be modified by different rates of absorption after exposure by various routes .

the workplace airborne concentration of a substance and the biomarker concentration in exposed workers typically vary as illustrated in figure 5 - 5 . although such relationships aid in interpreting occupational biomonitoring data on a group basis , the effect of such variability ( see chapter 4 ) must be considered , as must the shape of the dose–biomarker concentration relationship at the low - dose end of the correlation . the dispersion of data points around the regression line may be due to biologic variability and partial inadequacy of air - concentration measurements for inferring actual exposure

figure 5 - 5 daily average workplace xylene air and urinary methylhippuric acid ( mha ) in exposed workers . source : jang et al . 2001 . reprinted with permission ; copyright 2001 , international archives of occupational and environmental health .

( viau 2005 ) . indeed , such factors as varying ventilation rates associated with varying workloads and dermal exposure are unaccounted for by the air measurement ; this might make the biomarker a better metric of the actual exposure than the air - concentration measurement of the parent chemical .

furthermore , whereas biologic limit values are set for workers exposed 8 hours / day , 5 days / week for a working lifetime , the potential exposure of the general population is generally assumed to be 24 hours / day , 7 days / week for an entire lifetime . acgih ( 2003 ) addresses that point as follows :

“although modified work schedules are sometimes used in various occupations , acgih does not recommend that any adjustment or correction factor be applied to the beis ( i . e . , the beis should be used as listed , regardless of the work schedule ) . ”

one of the main advantages of using occupational limit values to derive reference points for the general population is that the former apply to humans , although animal data are sometimes used in their derivation . one might therefore consider that occupational limit values alleviate the need for interspecies extrapolations . the other advantage is that the values have been used for preventing work - related diseases for years and so offer some degree of validation of the reference values .

some of the limitations presented above can be given appropriate consideration in setting a reference value for the general population . for example , biomarkers with long half - lives are less prone to limitations in sampling time and are also probably reasonably related to cumulative exposure . in such cases , it might be tempting to apply a correction factor of 4

or be used in developing a pk model . those approaches , particularly the latter , can be useful in interpreting population biomonitoring data .

although biomonitoring data constitute a key body of knowledge about the distribution of exposure , relatively few risk assessments have been based on biomarker - response relationships established in epidemiologic studies ( who 2001 ) . in a recent informal survey of leading risk - assessment prac -

figure 5 - 6 evolution of risk assessment and risk management . framework showing research , risk assessment , and risk management . source : omenn 2003 . reprinted with permission ; copyright 2003 , human and ecological risk assessment .

another advantage of the use of lead and mercury biomarkers is that exposure to both chemicals is more readily quantified through measurement of the biomarkers than through collection of questionnaire data or environmental measures ( who 2001 ) . in addition , both compounds have relatively long half - lives and therefore provide relatively stable metrics that integrate dose over long exposure periods . the lead example , which follows , details the development and utility of this blood biomarker . similar information on mercury is presented in appendix b .

however , more recent epidemiologic investigations suggest that there may not be a threshold for the adverse neurodevelopmental effects of lead in children and that the dose - response curve may in fact be steeper at blood lead concentrations less than 10 µg / dl , than at higher concentrations ( lanphear 2005 ; bellinger and needleman 2003 ; canfield et al . 2003 ) . in 2005 , cdc concluded that “since no safe blood lead level in children has been identified , emphasis should be placed on efforts to control or eliminate lead in children’s environment before children are exposed” ( cdc 2005 ) .

one can compare the biomarker - based risk derived for lead with population - based biomonitoring results . data from nhanes 2000 - 2001 can be used to estimate the number of children in the united states who have increased blood lead ( cdc 2005 ) . blood lead in u . s . children declined dramatically after the removal of lead from gasoline—from a median of 15 µg / dl in 1978 to 2 µg / dl in 1999 ( rogan and ware 2003 ) . nonetheless , an estimated 1 . 6 % of u . s . children 1 - 5 years old had blood lead greater than 10 µg / dl in 1999 - 2002 , according to nhanes data ( cdc 2005 ) . the major exposure sources of lead for u . s . children are deterioration of lead - based paint and the resulting dust and soil contamination ( cdc 2005 ) .

of scenarios that involve high - end exposures and susceptible populations ( such as young children ) to point out whether particular groups are important to include in biomonitoring studies .

appendix b provides brief case studies of two pesticides , glyphosate and permethrin , for which a pre - existing risk assessment can help to put biomonitoring results into perspective . in both cases , the environmental protection agency ( epa ) has evaluated risks for a wide array of exposure scenarios as part of the reregistration process , and there are biomonitoring data whose interpretation could benefit from these risk assessments .

biomonitoring - led risk assessment is needed when the biomonitoring and toxicology databases are robust but epidemiologic data are not adequate to establish the biomarker - response relationship and there are few exposure data . in such cases , biomonitoring results may raise important health questions that cannot be answered without knowing more about exposure . there are three main options for converting biomonitoring data into a format that can be used as exposure information in risk assessments :

use human pk modeling ( box 5 - 4 ) to convert the biomonitoring data into a human - exposure dose that can be related to an rfd , cancer potency value , or other toxicity value .

use animal pk modeling to convert the dose - response relationship seen in toxicity studies ( applied dose ) to a dose - response relationship based on internal dose , using a dose metric derived from human biomonitoring data . this approach fosters the development of a biomarker - response relationship and biomarker - based toxicity values .

collect sufficient biomarker data in animals to express the dose - response relationship in key toxicology studies in terms of a biomarker - response relationship , in addition to an applied dose - response relationship .

pbpk models rely on a series of simultaneous differential equations that simulate chemical delivery to tissues via the arterial circulation and removal via the venous circulation . the models are run in time steps such that the entire course of chemical disposition can be presented for calculation of the area - under - the - curve ( auc ) dose , often a key metric for chronic risk assessment . the physiologic parameters can be adapted for different species , sexes , age groups , and genetic variants to facilitate extrapolation from one type of receptor to another .

pseudosteady state ; and short - half - life chemicals that do not approach steady state .

even though chemicals with long half - lives and high storage in lipid tend to have stable concentrations , they may not be at steady state . for example , dioxin body burdens apparently increased in the early part of the 20th century and then declined over the last 2 decades . that pattern repre -

figure 5 - 7 conversion of biomonitoring data to daily dose on the basis of one - compartment ( body - burden ) model .

sents a nonuniform exposure and thus a non - steady - state condition . it can still be addressed with simple one - compartment modeling as described above , but the exposure dose is varied to match the temporal trends in the biomonitoring data ( pinsky and lorber 1998 ) . the dose profile that best matches the biomonitoring data can then be used for risk assessment .

chemicals that are not highly lipid - soluble and that have relatively short half - lives ( hours to days ) do not build up a stable long - term reservoir . however , a pseudosteady state can be attained if exposure is nearly uniform and constant ( figure 5 - 8 ) . pseudosteady state refers to the case in which blood or tissue concentrations are changing and therefore are not completely stable . these blood or tissue concentrations fluctuate slightly and in a regular pattern around the average concentration .

if that is the case , blood concentrations may be relatively stable , and there is a potential to convert biomonitoring results into exposure estimates in a manner analogous to that described above for tcdd . the difference is that starting from a blood or serum concentration , one needs the volume of distribution ( vd ) to estimate the total amount in the body . the general framework is as shown in figure 5 - 9 .

figure 5 - 8 blood concentrations of rapidly cleared chemical to which there is frequent and nearly uniform exposure . highlighted line ( ≈—≈ ) is mean blood concentration . under these exposure conditions , biomarker concentration will be within a factor of 2 of mean after first several hours . simplifying assumption of pseudosteady state ( mean concentration is approximated by concentration found at any sampling time ) may suffice for estimating exposure dose from blood concentration under these circumstances .

figure 5 - 9 conversion of biomonitoring data to daily dose on basis of one - compartment model for non - lipid - soluble chemicals at steady state .

derivation of vd relies on the ratio of dose and blood concentration immediately after intravenous administration . two - compartment models involve more complex calculations to estimate vd at steady state that reflect the transport of chemical between compartments as well as out of the body .

in summary , conversion of biomonitoring data to exposure dose requires knowledge of chemical elimination rate and vd and requires that conditions be approximately pseudosteady state . it may be useful to estimate dose from body burden ; however , this cannot be used to interpret an individual’s biomonitoring result , because the elimination rate and vd would not be known . reasonable bounds on elimination rate and vd could be used to calculate an upper end of daily dose that is still compatible with the biomonitoring results ( for example , when both vd and elimination rate are high ) .


old charter is a brand of bourbon whiskey distilled in frankfort , kentucky at the buffalo trace distillery , which is part of the sazerac company .

old charter

old charter <EOT> old charter bourbon 7 years old 86 proof 1 . 75 ml buy online max liquor !

old charter 8 year old kentucky straight bourb . . . | prices , stores , tasting notes and market data

history of the old charter line of bourbon . . . - history - urltoken

old charter ' the classic 90 ' 1 . 75 l kentucky straight bourbon whiskey

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1874 - the old charter brand is first introduced ( liquor store magazine , feb . , 70 ) .

i have never seen the old charter bib to which you refer either . any possibility of posting a photo ?

distilled by old charter distillery co . , louisville , ky ( not buffalo trace , but still gary gayheart )

in the mid 1950 ' s old charter also fought a legal dispute with the charter oak brand that lasted about 10 years before they finally won their trademark infringement case .

1901 - wright and taylor advertisement with a drawing of the distillery at chapeze , ky . and featuring old charter , old charter rye , and kentucky taylor ( wine and spirit bulletin , jan . 1 , 1901 , page 4 ) .

o - old charter advertisement on page 45 , of the jan . 12 , 1905 issue of the wine and spirit bulletin .

enter , on this go around , old charter no . 8 . it used to be old charter 8 years old , but that age statement is , alas , another victim of the rising tide of bourbon demand . what it has going in its favour is that i actually really liked its ( since discontinued ) 10 year older brother .

1994 - old charter proprietor ' s reserve is introduced as part of the heritage collection ( m veach , 3 / 25 / 96 ) .

the bib must have been a united product as it came from lousiville . the great bourbon web site lists an 8 and 12 year old old charter . i have a bottle of 10 year old from frankfort , and i still see that product around i guess that they are not producing it anymore

apparently old charter is a classic bourbon they had been drinking all their life , and i was an idiot for not knowing anything about it . "

the canadian charter of rights and freedoms forms the first part of the constitution act , 1982 . here are some protections that the charter guarantees :

just curious about some old bottles , i found if my grandfather’s , as i was cleaning and going through his collection of old tea pots , bottles , etc .

for $ 13 , you can ' t go wrong with old charter bourbon . throw some over a couple ice cubes and you ' re good to go .

they still make the 10 - year - old . click any of the other old charters on the web site and you ' ll see it mentioned as a footnote .

i have connected d - 2 to the “old quaker” brand . likely 1950s era .

one of the finalists in the competition was old charter 8 year . due to it’s age it was seeded number one in it’s division and ended up coming in second overall . it was just after the competition concluded that i was informed by a reader that the age statement had been removed . it was now just “old charter 8 . ”

old charter - a popular bourbon in the american south - is one of sharp offering from buffalo trace . the boys of bourbon gave this an 87 and includes a funny story about how this blogger ordered " something i never heard of called old charter . that resulted in several of these baby boomers nearly spitting yellow tail merlot out their nose .

1900 - wright and taylor sell their first bottles of old charter bottled in bond ( u d archives , uncataloged letter , thomas bullit , 12 / 15 / 36 ) .

found a full bottle of old charter from 1918 so decided to try a new bottle . not bad at all for such a low cost bourbon . wish it was a higher proof .

from researching this forum i know that buffalo trace purchased the old charter brand back in 1999 . i was wondering if anyone know the history of this line of bourbons back to the 1970 ' s ?

o - stitzel - weller had made 1 , 100 barrels of old charter in 1933 for wright and taylor and they were contracted to produce another 411 barrels ( u d archives , uncataloged document ) .

the fundamental rights and freedoms of older adults in canada are protected by the canadian charter of rights and freedoms . unlike the principles and values discussed above , the charter is law in canada .

( select timeline ) barton belmont bernheim brown and forman flieschmann ' s general bourbon glenmore golden wedding h mckenna distillery heaven hill j w dant james e . pepper makers mark mccormick medley national distillers / beam old charter old mr . boston park and tilford schenley stitzel - weller virginia gentleman waterfill and frasier wild turkey yellowstone

o - bernheim acquires old charter brand and new whiskey stocks from wright and taylor , but do not start selling the brand until it was fully aged for bond in 1937 . wright and taylor are allowed to use the name for their remaining pre - prohibition stocks and mr . gerngoss allows a canadian company to sell whiskey under the old charter name until his wiskey aged ( u d archives , uncataloged item ) .

distilled from time - proven methods , charter 101 has an amber color to go with its big taste and bold proof . a little water will open up the flavor of this whiskey that shares qualities with the other old charter varieties , but it will go great for a manhattan or cocktail of your choice .

empty old whiskey bottles can be valuable to collectors also and can be listed on ebay to identify any interest .

the history gets even more interesting after the second world war . schenley over produced because they were expecting trouble from the soviets and then really over produced during the korean war because they were afraid they would have to go back to war production of alcohol . schenley knew they could not sell of this whiskey in 8 years ( the bonding period ) so they pushed to have the bonding period pushed to 20 years . in the meantime they increased the age of old charter to take care of the older whiskey they had on hand . old charter became the " whiskey that did not watch the clock " and the yellow label was designed with a clock on it ( 7 o ' clock for the 7 year old , 8 o ' clock for the 8 year old ) . they invested into an antique clock collection and they would tour the country with the collection to promote old charter . after the bonding period was extended to 20 years , they created a 10 and 12 year old products .

in the court’s view , if the legislature and the executive , the political branches of government , were allowed to be the final arbiters of charter compliance of their policies , “it would seem the enactment of the charter affords no real protection at all to the rights holders the charter , according to its text , was intended to benefit . charter rights and freedoms , on this reading , would offer rights without a remedy

1906 - wright and taylor open offices in california and sell old charter up and down the coast , as far away as nome alaska ( u d archives , uncataloged letter , thomas bullit 12 / 15 / 36 ) .

in order to rely on this section , parliament or a legislature must state specifically that a particular law is exempt from the charter . it must also state which sections of the charter do not apply . an exemption from the charter lasts a maximum of five years . after that , if parliament or the legislature concerned wishes it to continue to be exempt from the charter , it must make a new declaration under this section .

austin college was granted a charter signed by texas governor george wood in november of 1849 . modeled after those of harvard , yale , and princeton , that charter remains in use today , making austin college the oldest institution of higher education in texas operating under its original name and charter , as recognized by the state historical survey committee .

this charter shall be interpreted in a manner consistent with the preservation and enhancement of the multicultural heritage of canadians .

where substitute decision making and / or protective legislation specifies ( old ) age as a factor , these questions will be relevant .

charter rights are not absolute : section 1 states that the rights guaranteed by the charter of rights and freedoms are “subject only to such limits as can be demonstrably justified in a free and democratic society . ” the question of whether a law constitutes a reasonable limit on a charter right requires the following considerations , or steps : [ 19 ]

1912 - old charter advertisements in wine and spirit bulletin on jan . 1 , page 4 , and june 1 , page 34c . also has a photograph of sales force at chapeze station and article about visit on july 1 , page 28 .

1974 - the 1 , 00 , 000th barrel of old charter was given by the governor of kentucky ( wendell ford ) to the governor of texas ( dolph briscoe ) as a gift ( what ' s new at schenley , nov . 1973 ) .

unlike it’s corporate cousin very old barton , for old charter 8 the nas release was strikingly inferior to the age - stated product . that pea pod on the nose just made me not want to drink it . if it were a higher proof , i could see it working ok in a cocktail , but as it stands , it just sort of gets pushed around by the other ingredients .

1896 - wright and taylor purchase the old charter distillery and brand on juy 28 , 1896 . they enlarge the distillery to a capacity of 1 , 000 bushels per day ( u d archives , uncataloged letter , thomas bullit 12 / 15 / 36 ) .

notwithstanding anything in this charter , the rights and freedoms referred to in it are guaranteed equally to male and female persons .

even where a public body is not involved , as in cases concerning private nursing homes or care facilities , practices should be consistent with charter values , on the basis that the charter enshrines fundamental social values and generalised ideas of justice and fairness .

the charter is also limited in scope of application , applying to the decisions and actions of government and government entities only . [ 20 ] the charter does not apply to the actions of private entities ( to which provincial human rights legislation applies ) .

learned of it in the 90 ' s when i lived in mississippi . too bad they don ' t make the 10 year old anymore .

old charter has had some legal trouble over the years for that misleading number 8 on the bottle , but let’s forget that stuff for a moment and appreciate this bourbon . at 4 - years - old , it’s a decent workhorse for bulk drinks or punches while entertaining at home , and at the end of a long night of hosting guests it’s satisfying neat—in the last clean glass you have left in the house .

thanks , now i know what year these bottles are that i find at an old ranch dump near by . they all seem to be from the 50’s . i noticed the liquor bottles say “federal law forbids” and the old e & j gallo wine bottles say “refilling prohibited” on the bottom .

at this time i would like to table , in both official languages , a potential charter impact statement for bill c - 16 .

1892 - wright and taylor dissolve their partnership . john j wright is no longer a partner but marion e taylor does business under the same name . the brands are pride of louisville , cane springs , fine old kentucky taylor , and old logan ( wine and spirits bulletin , louisville public library ) .

wilson - raybould was joined by charlie lowthian rickert , a 10 - year - old transgender girl , whom she described as " wise beyond her years . "

and since we had mistakenly purchased a handle of old charter “8” in louisiana thinking it was the 8 year and had then found a bottle of the 8 year this fall in kentucky , it was decided that we needed to do another comparison . see if i should still be upset at the change .

it ' s showing a ripe amalgam , very old wood somewhat reminiscent of hirsch 74 ' with apricot , light allspice , and dried fruit ( golden raisin ) .

1687 - the charter for conn . colony was hidden in the white oak tree located at hartford ' s courthouse ( louisville public library information ) .

( 3 ) nothing in this charter limits the authority of parliament or a legislature to advance the equality of status or use of english and french .

rum - runners again challenge the law ; from their st . pierre stronghold they resume their old trade in a new way , new york times , january 13 , 1935

the guarantee in this charter of certain rights and freedoms shall not be construed as denying the existence of any other rights or freedoms that exist in canada .

panas , who has been married to the same woman for 20 years and has a nine year - old son , spoke very openly about the challenges her family has faced .

i found a clear , half pint bottle in a opening of an old tree on a old dirt road . it has a metal screw cap , and on the bottom it says d - 2 40 - 56 . right under the neck it says federal law forbids resale or reuse of this bottle . can you give me any info on this bottle ?

i recently found a 200 ml bottle of this same stuff , old charter bib 7 yr old , at a liquor store in baytown , tx ( near houston ) . there are several still on the shelf if folks are interested . mine has a tax strip ( or faux tax strip ) with the dates " fall 1976 " and " spring 1984 " . despite the apparent 8 1 / 2 year age , the back of the bottle still says " this whiskey is 7 years old . " i ' m not sure if it ' s a real tax strip b / c i thought that the official ones ended in 1980 - 81 . i ' m sure someone remembers . . .

nothing in this charter abrogates or derogates from any rights or privileges guaranteed by or under the constitution of canada in respect of denominational , separate or dissentient schools .

it seems people are finding lots of old bottles of whisky that are still sealed and are wondering whether they are still good and what the value of the bottle would be . for the most part , any bottle of unsealed high proof spirit should be safe as we’ve seen by the sales of very old scotch whiskies . as for the value of these old bottles , it will depend on the type of spirit and the stated age ( i . e . how long it was barrel aged ) and how old the bottle is . for example a bottle of glenavon whisky from 1851 sold for about $ 29 , 000 . the bottles that will attract the most interest would be anything pre - prohibition , or items that are out of production .

we ' ve had a single bottle of old charter bottled in bond bourbon on the shelf of the store where i work part - time for as long as i ' ve worked there . it only just dawned on me the other day that i ' ve never seen it anywhere else ( except a reference on this site ' s ' bourbon brands ' listing ) , so i got to looking at the bottle . in rather small print on the back label it states , " this bourbon is 7 years old . " that was a bit of a surprise , because i think we all most often assume bib is 4 years old , though i realize the original law specified that as a minimum for taxation purposes .

it also ensures that parliament and the legislatures , not the courts , have the final say on important matters of public policy . if , at a certain point , the rights in the charter no longer reflect canadian values , then democratically elected bodies like parliament and the legislatures can make laws that are not bound by the charter .

i like all the old charter bottlings . on its own , the 10 year old is very good . i ' ve been enjoying this for a few days now after a period of having not visited this bottling . i can ' t recall the price i paid for this , but i believe it was quite reasonable . given the quality of this bourbon & its ball - park price range , i ' d say this is a bourbon you can not go wrong with . it is a very nice , easy drinkin bourbon . check it out !

the purpose of this section is to require a government that wishes to limit charter rights to say clearly what it is doing and accept the political consequences of doing so .

the equality provision of the canadian charter of rights and freedoms also prohibits religious discrimination by governments . section 2 ( a ) of the charter constitutionally enshrines the fundamental freedom of conscience and religion . its purpose is to prevent government interference with profoundly held personal beliefs . this bill , which is focused on preventing discrimination in employment and the provision of services by federally regulated entities , respects freedom of religion as a guarantee in the charter , and in no way seeks to interfere with an individual ' s religious belief or practice .

1905 - wright and taylor receive a favorable judgement from the u s patent office in a dispute over the charter oak brand name ( u d archives , uncataloged letter ) .

charter 10yo is a staple in our store . from local experience , anyway , i ' d say it ' s the most popular version in middle tennessee , at least .

adler v . ontario ( 32 ) confirmed that charter guarantees , including section 15 equality rights , cannot be invoked either to enlarge or to invalidate other provisions of the constitution .

i ' ve always loved the 12 year old old charter " classic 90 " . many will dismiss it as simplistic and think they are being kind when they call it " easy drinking " . it is indeed " easy drinking " , but it ' s much more than just that . it ' s fun ! and a whole lot of fun to drink at that ! forget having to study this bourbon for hours on end ! how boring is that ? ! this bourbon is a sexy girl skinny - dipping and inviting you in for a dip . stop thinking and start drinking !

this paper contains a summary review of a number of principles relevant to analysis of section 15 and section 1 of the canadian charter of rights and freedoms ( the charter ) , as determined by the supreme court of canada ( the court ) , followed by a chart setting out basic elements of the court’s decisions in which the equality rights provision has been raised .

our advertisers are emerging brands who use the old liquors magazine website and distribution network of alcoholic beverage outlets to create brand awareness and drive sales . now let’s connect and get started on an article featuring your brand .

when u d had the brand they continued to bottle the 7 , 8 , 10 and 12 yo products and created a label for the japanese market but the whiskey for the japanese was actually old fitzgerald wheated bourbon .

the canadian charter of rights and freedoms guarantees the rights and freedoms set out in it subject only to such reasonable limits prescribed by law as can be demonstrably justified in a free and democratic society .

bottle : basic round old - style bottle with scalloped shoulders which gives it a nice feel in the hand . pressed glass design on either side of front label depicts a rye plant . old - style title script is printed in multi colors . age statement is overprinted on diagonal in right bottom quadrant and on top of front label . simple layout on rectangular label gives it a antique feel . yellow colored label , gold neck seal and cap .

the distinction between private and public entities is not always self - evident . a hospital , for example , may be a public or government entity with regards to certain kinds of decisions and actions , and a private actor with regards to other kinds of decisions or actions . public actions and decisions must comply with the rights guaranteed by the charter . private actions and decisions are not subject to charter review .

discerning “ancient liquors” when i asked warren bobrow , author of ‘whiskey cocktails’ , about the subject he said this : “it’s a rarefied world of ancient liquors . i myself have tasted the effect of time on old spirits and can offer the following : airtight . air is a killer for old spirits . if the bottle gets opened drink up ! if the fill is too low , unfortunately , low fill means air got in . you might do better to pass .

on 11th september 1280 the town was granted a market charter by king edward i during his visit to carlisle . this gave authority for a market to be held in ulverston every thursday with an annual fair each september . this important event in ulverston’s history is still celebrated every year during september’s charter festival . the granting of a market charter was of great significance to the town and ulverston enjoyed significant growth in its economy and status . as with much of this area , the town was a popular target for raids by the rampaging scots under robert the bruce , but despite being burned down twice during the early 14th century , ulverston continued to prosper .

charter applicable to college , collective agreement constituting “law” for section 15 purposes , arbitrator having jurisdiction to consider whether provision in collective agreement in compliance with section 15 ; n . b . : no decision on merits of section 15 case

nothing in sections 16 to 20 abrogates or derogates from any legal or customary right or privilege acquired or enjoyed either before or after the coming into force of this charter with respect to any language that is not english or french .

( 1 ) anyone whose rights or freedoms , as guaranteed by this charter , have been infringed or denied may apply to a court of competent jurisdiction to obtain such remedy as the court considers appropriate and just in the circumstances .

to that end , i explored very old barton 6 year and “6” a few weeks ago in sazerac , just remove the damn numbers ( part 1 ) . i was pleasantly surprised when i preferred the nas version . though the naming still made me upset .

both parliament and provincial legislatures have a limited power under section 33 to pass laws that are exempt from certain charter provisions – those concerning fundamental freedoms and legal and equality rights . this section is sometimes referred to as the “notwithstanding clause” .

judicial review of governmental action long predates the adoption of the charter . since confederation , courts have been required by the constitution to ensure that state action complies with the constitution . the charter has placed new limits on government power in the area of human rights , but judicial review of those limits involves the courts in the same role in relation to the separation of powers as they have occupied from the beginning , that of the constitutionally mandated referee . as the court affirmed in

( 2 ) an act or a provision of an act in respect of which a declaration made under this section is in effect shall have such operation as it would have but for the provision of this charter referred to in the declaration .

the word free comes from the old german frei ( meaning beloved ) and the sanskrit priyah ( beloved ) ; - dom is sometimes added to the end of a word to make it a noun ( wisdom , kingdom ) . what other words contain the word free ?

canadians can go to court if they feel that their charter rights aren’t being respected . look online or in the newspaper . can you find stories about these court challenges ? what rights are most important to you and to your family and friends ?

a reference in this charter to a province or to the legislative assembly or legislature of a province shall be deemed to include a reference to the yukon territory and the northwest territories , or to the appropriate legislative authority thereof , as the case may be .

violation of rights protected under section 10 , 12 and 15 of the charter were raised in saunders v . bridgepoint hospital , [ 74 ] concerning committal to a care facility following a finding that the plaintiff was not capable of making the decision . the court declined to consider the charter violations in that case , but noted that the plaintiff’s “non - consensual detention” in a care facility “enforced by threat and intimidation” was “relevant” to the court’s decision that mr . saunders was capable of consenting to admission to a care facility .

as the terms of the section make clear , no charter protection is absolute . in the presence of a section 15 violation , the courts therefore undertake a separate section 1 evaluation to determine whether the infringement nevertheless constitutes a reasonable limit to the equality rights guarantee .

the truth is that pre - prohibition spirits are becoming more difficult to find by the day , and the fact is that there are very few of them remaining . there are places that specialize in these kinds of things , like aforementioned old spirits company in the uk or soutirage in the us .

charlie lowthian - rickert , a 10 - year - old transgender girl , is joined by her dad chris rickert , her mom anne lowthian , right , as justice minister jody wilson - raybould introduced federal legislation to give equal rights to transgender people in canada . ( sean kilpatrick / canadian press )

on february 8 , 1693 , king william iii and queen mary ii of england signed the charter for a " perpetual college of divinity , philosophy , languages , and other good arts and sciences " to be founded in the virginia colony . and william & mary was born .

the smooth yet complex flavor of bourbon makes it quite versatile for drinking many ways . the easily approachable taste can be enjoyed by connoisseurs and casual drinkers alike . bourbon tastes magnificent straight up or on ice , but the depth of flavor makes for brilliant craft cocktails and classics , like the manhattan and the old fashioned .

the only bourbon that was available at my mates wedding back in 2005 , thought it was surprisingly tasty and it ' s been one of my go - to ' s ever since . abc needs to rethink stocking the charter 101 , even better than the 8yr ! ! ! !

forrest is a charter member of the ministry of rum connoisseurs cabinet and rum xp , an internationally recognized judge for competitions ; he is bar smarts certified , swe certified spirits specialist , a member of the compagnie des mousquetaires d ' armagnac , and an expert in all things alcohol .

i think this is a good bourbon especially for the price . i like the flavor of aaa 10yr better , and i like the proof of charter 101 better . you should try it . i think there are better budget bourbons out there , but this is a respectable pour .

the charter provisions regarding equality ( section 15 ) , liberty and security of the person ( section 7 ) , and arbitrary detention ( sections 10 and 12 ) are especially relevant to substitute decision making and responses to elder abuse and exploitation , the focus subject areas in this report .

( 1 ) parliament or the legislature of a province may expressly declare in an act of parliament or of the legislature , as the case may be , that the act or a provision thereof shall operate notwithstanding a provision included in section 2 or sections 7 to 15 of this charter .

i am going to present something monumental to contemplate : the chance to open and experience a piece of history . picture a whiskey that was distilled in 1917 , just as the world was gathering into an arena for wwi , old grand dad was laid into a barrel , where it stayed until 1933 . i n that time , wwi and prohibition had both come and gone . 1933 was the same year hitler began to rise to power again and the noble experiment had finally ended ; this was the year this particular bottle of old grand dad was bottled . i’m sure some heavy discussions occurred over that whiskey , and maybe some hard decisions were made too .

when the university of georgia was incorporated by an act of the general assembly on january 27 , 1785 , georgia became the first state to charter a state - supported university . in 1784 the general assembly had set aside 40 , 000 acres of land to endow a college or seminary of learning .

w & m is famous for its firsts : the first u . s . institution with a royal charter , the first greek - letter society ( phi beta kappa , founded in 1776 ) , the first student honor code , the first college to become a university and the first law school in america .

obviously certain spirits are going to have a higher “collector” value than others . single malt scotches would probably be at the top of the list . because of prohibition , it would be extremely rare to find a pre - 1920 bottle , but that would fetch some good coin if you found an interested buyer . also because of prohibition , there are few , if any , vintage bourbons , but something like old taylor whiskey ( a “medicinal” prohibition whiskey ) would command a hefty price . once prohibition was repealed , in the 1930’s the process of aging the bourbon whiskey would have to start from scratch , plus demand for anything whiskey like would outweigh the idea of selling very old spirits at the time .

the government bears the burden of establishing that any charter breach is justified . the governing approach to section 1 analysis detailed by the supreme court of canada in r . v . oakes ( 42 ) involves a two - step process . first , the objective of the legislation or government action must be shown to be sufficiently “pressing and substantial” to warrant overriding a charter right . second , the means adopted to attain that objective must be reasonable and demonstrably justified . this step entails a proportionality test in which the courts are required “to balance the interests of society with those of individuals or groups . ” three elements must be satisfied :

at the first meeting of the board of trustees , held in augusta on february 13 , 1786 , abraham baldwin was selected president of the university . a native of connecticut and a graduate of yale university , baldwin - - who had come to georgia in 1784 - - drafted the charter adopted by the general assembly .

william & mary has been called the alma mater of the nation because of its close ties to america ' s founding fathers . a 17 - year - old george washington received his surveyor ' s license through w & m and would return as its first american chancellor . thomas jefferson received his undergraduate education here , as did presidents john tyler and james monroe .

another important immigrant group was the scotch - irish , who migrated from about 1717 until the revolution in a series of waves caused by hardships in ireland . they were primarily frontiersmen , pushing first into the cumberland valley region and then farther into central and western pennsylvania . they , with immigrants from old scotland , numbered about one - fourth of the population by 1776 .

“the analysis of s . 7 of the charter involves two steps . to trigger its operation there must first be a finding that there has been a deprivation of the right to “life , liberty and security of the person” and , secondly , that that deprivation is contrary to the principles of fundamental justice . ” [ 43 ]

any law that limits legitimate discussion and debate of closely held beliefs presents a danger to freedom of expression , a fundamental value held dear by people across the political spectrum . the right to disagree is sacred to freedom in our society . it is the lifeblood of both new ideas and age - old protections . the united nations universal declaration of human rights , article 18 , 1948 , states :

josiah meigs was named president of the university and work was begun on the first building , originally called franklin college in honor of benjamin franklin and now known as old college . the university graduated its first class in 1804 . the curriculum of traditional classical studies was broadened in 1843 to include courses in law , and again in 1872 when the university received federal funds for instruction in agriculture and mechanical arts .

the court issued its first section 15 ruling in 1989 . andrews v . law society of british columbia ( 1 ) articulated an initial interpretive framework for the application of subsection 15 ( 1 ) in future equality rights cases . accordingly , subsequent determinations as to whether legislative distinctions or other government action violated section 15 of the charter required lower courts to apply the andrews framework .

( 2 ) where , in proceedings under subsection ( 1 ) , a court concludes that evidence was obtained in a manner that infringed or denied any rights or freedoms guaranteed by this charter , the evidence shall be excluded if it is established that , having regard to all the circumstances , the admission of it in the proceedings would bring the administration of justice into disrepute .

legislation must always be consistent with the charter . in mckinney v university of guelph [ 24 ] ( discussed below ) for example , the supreme court of canada considered the question of whether ontario’s human rights act discriminated on the basis of age ( in violation of section 15 ) by excluding persons over 65 in its provisions regarding employment discrimination . that case concerned a university’s mandatory retirement policy ; the court concluded that the university was a private entity and so the charter did not apply , although it went on to consider the section 15 issue regardless . the human rights legislation under consideration was discriminatory and therefore violated section 15 , but was “saved” ( see discussion below ) by section 1 ( that legislation has since been amended , and age is no longer excluded ) .

bourbon heritage collection proprietor ' s reserve burnished gold in color . the aromas begin with a bone - dry pepperiness , followed swiftly by a rich , sweet buttery note . the body is huge and creamy , coating your whole mouth , and the palate brings old leather into play with an abundance of fruits , cloves and sweet vanilla . the finish is long and very sophisticated . a classic world - class whiskey . - wine enthusiast magazine

bill thomas , proprietor jack rose dining saloon , washington d . c . , reveals this perspective regarding vintage us whiskey : “pre - prohibition whiskey isn’t as much about collecting for me as it is about drinking history . sometimes you find that rare bottle that you want to admire for a while but ultimately you need to drink it . many pre - prohibition whiskey bottles are all that’s left of some great old distilleries , that were unable to come back after prohibition . ”

this medium - gold whiskey presents aromas showing a honeyed sweetness playing off some drier peppery notes and a hint of old leather . the body is very big , and the palate is elegant and rich , with the toffee sweetness playing off a potpourri of spices . the finish is long and smooth . this whiskey should be reserved for postprandial consumption , where it should be served neat ( although it does work well over ice ) . - wine enthusiast magazine & amp ; great bourbon website

law involved a claim by a 35 year old widow that she had been discriminated against because she did not qualify for canada pension plan survivor benefits available to persons 45 years or older . the supreme court held that this age based distinction was not discriminatory , and so did not violate section 15 . discrimination on the basis of age , where it existed , is most likely to affect “people of advanced age who are presumed to lack abilities that they may in fact possess . ” [ 28 ]

i’m glad to have stumbled onto your site as it helped me identify this bottle as a 1956 kentucky tavern whiskey bottle . along with the “federal law forbids…” the numbers on the bottom are : 55 56 d - 8 . when i was young my mother would keep wine it , so that’s what i had always assumed its purpose was . when she passed away i held on to it for sentimental value , yet always wondered just how old it was . and now i know . thank you .

today ulverston remains a bustling market town serving the peninsula and providing employment through the many industries based here . the market place is still the centre of life in the town and modern ulverston retains its old world appearance with many colourful houses and quaint cobbled streets leading from the square . alongside the weekly thursday and saturday markets you’ll find unique shops and cafes , cosy country pubs , farmers’ markets and food fairs . ulverston also hosts a wide range of events and festivals and is pleased to welcome visitors from all over the world .

detention under both section 9 and section 10 of the charter was defined by the supreme court of canada in r . v . grant as a “suspension of the individual’s liberty interest by a significant physical or psychological restraint . psychological detention is established either where the individual has a legal obligation to comply with the restrictive request or demand , or a reasonable person would conclude by reason of the state conduct that he or she had no choice but to comply . ” [ 64 ]

( 1 ) everyone has the right to a standard of living adequate for the health and well - being of himself and of his family , including food , clothing , housing and medical care and necessary social services , and the right to security in the event of unemployment , sickness , disability , widowhood , old age or other lack of livelihood in circumstances beyond his control . ( 2 ) motherhood and childhood are entitled to special care and assistance . all children , whether born in or out of wedlock , shall enjoy the same social protection .

as explained in the statement of potential charter impacts that the minister tabled during the second reading of debate , the amendments to the hate propaganda provisions respect freedom of thought , belief , opinion , and expression in a free , democratic society . the criminal provisions against hate propaganda impose a very narrow limit on expression . hate propaganda targets extreme and dangerous speech that advocates genocide against , willfully promotes hatred against , or incites hatred in a public place likely to cause a breach of peace against vulnerable people .

the vriend decision clarified that , in cases of charter infringement owing to legislative under - inclusion , the first stage of the oakes test should be concerned with the legislation as a whole , the impugned provisions , and the omission that infringes the equality right . the focus of the inquiry should be primarily on the objective of the legislated limitation or omission in question , with consideration given to the purposes of the entire act and of the challenged provisions in order to provide the necessary broader context . ( 62 )

ulverston was recorded in the domesday book of 1086 as ulvrestun , deriving from an old norse family name úlfarr meaning ‘wolf warrior’ and tun meaning ‘farm’ or ‘homestead’ . this gives rise to the presence of a wolf on the town’s coat of arms . other variations of the name recorded throughout history include oluestonam ( 1127 ) , and uluereston ( 1189 ) . much of cumbria , being in the hands of the scots at this time , is not mentioned in the doomsday book . at that time ulverston was in the county of lancashire , only becoming part of cumbria as late as 1974 .

this is not something that just happens overseas or somewhere else , or something that we can turn a blind eye to in canada . there are many instances of this in canada . january marie lapuz of new westminster , b . c . is just one of the examples of transgendered violence that we have come to know in canada . january was a 26 year old who was considered an involved local activist , and whom people in her community called a bright light and a shining star . she was murdered in 2012 . stories like this are all too common for those in the transgendered community .

the court has also maintained its focus in post - law decisions on the significance of the “comparator group” in section 15 analysis . ( 22 ) it returned to the matter most fully in hodge v . canada ( minister of human resources development ) . ( 23 ) here the court observed that because section 15 analysis proceeds throughout on a comparative basis , the choice of comparator group is an ongoing issue in every case and initial misidentification “can doom the outcome” of the section 15 examination . hodge reaffirmed the judiciary’s role in scrutinizing the claimant’s choice of comparator , and its duty “to step in and measure the claim to equality rights in the proper context and against the proper standard” when a claimant’s choice is mistaken . ( 24 ) the court’s rather complex discussion of the comparator group issue asserts that “ [ t ] he appropriate comparator group is the one which mirrors the characteristics of the claimant … relevant to the benefit or advantage sought except that the statutory definition includes a personal characteristic that is offensive to the charter or omits a personal characteristic in a way that is offensive to the charter . ” ( 25 )

it is also worth stressing that in some instances , a charter violation need not be subjected to any section 1 “test . ” for example , in little sisters book and art emporium v . canada ( minister of justice ) , ( 63 ) the court found that the section 15 violation was a consequence of customs officials’ implementation of their governing legislation rather than the legislation itself . that is , the infringement occurred at the administrative level and was not a “limitation prescribed by law” within the meaning of section 1 . therefore , it could not be justified .

the court reiterated the importance of looking “not only at the impugned legislation which has created a distinction that violates the right to equality but also to the larger social , political and legal context . ” in this light , a finding of discrimination under section 15 of the charter will , in most cases , entail a search for “disadvantage that exists apart from and independent of the particular legal distinction being challenged . ” the criterion of general disadvantage in addition to the particular prejudicial distinction under challenge did not go uncriticized , but generally remained a key consideration for section 15 claims .

for me and millions of other canadians who acknowledge the supremacy of god , as the first words of our charter affirm , there is the reality that our faith journey is the foundation of our world view . freedom of religion is a fundamental right , and so it is of paramount importance that bill c - 16 would not infringe upon that fundamental freedom . today we are debating at third reading a bill that proposes some very fundamental changes to definitions and principles of society . the imposition of a fundamental values system change of this magnitude must be given complete due process here in parliament .

i ask this again . will parents continue to have their right to teach their children in accordance with their deeply held faith beliefs or will they be subjected to accusations of hate speech for simply living out tried and true principles which are informed by their belief in the supremacy of god , as affirmed in our charter of rights and freedoms ? will faith leaders who teach their congregations to follow the principles clearly laid out in god ' s word also be subjected to accusations of hate speech , or will they be free to continue to practise with freedom as the un declaration of human rights declares ?

in 1632 , king charles i of england granted a charter to george calvert , the first lord baltimore , yielding him proprietary rights to a region east of the potomac river in exchange for a share of the income derived from the land . the territory was named maryland in honor of henrietta maria , the queen consort of charles i . before settlement began , george calvert died and was succeeded by his son cecilius , who sought to establish maryland as a haven for roman catholics persecuted in england . in march 1634 , the first english settlers–a carefully selected group of catholics and protestants–arrived at st . clement’s island aboard the ark and the dove .

the case involved an appeal of a ruling against a claim of age - based discrimination arising because canada pension plan survivor benefits are denied to able - bodied surviving spouses under the age of 35 who are without dependent children . ( 17 ) in dismissing the appeal , the court consolidated and refined previously stated principles concerning the purpose of and approach to section 15 , with a view to providing guidelines for lower courts’ future evaluation of discrimination claims under the charter . these guidelines , it was stressed , are to serve as points of reference rather than a fixed formula , so as not to detract from the strong remedial purpose of the equality rights provision .

the tastes are nicely combined with the rye coming through again . i ' m suprised that i get so much rye aroma and flavor , given that this is made with a fairly small amount of rye used in the mashbill , 6 % i believe . i also note honey and orange flavors . the mouthfeel is a very creamy texture . the finish is very smooth , and medium in length . there ' s still a honey / citrus taste that lingers , as well as leather . a suprise for me is that at 13 years old , i would have expected more cask influence to the taste . the oak aroma is there , but to a fairly small degree . the wood contributes to the taste , but is not dominant . there are flavors of fruit , creamy butter , vanilla .