acceleron pharma , inc. is a public american " clinical stage biopharmaceutical company " based in boston , massachusetts with a broad focus on developing medicines that regulate the transforming growth factor beta ( tgf-β ) superfamily of proteins , which play fundamental roles in the growth and repair of cells and tissues such as red blood cells , muscle , bone , and blood vessels .

acceleron pharma

acceleron pharma <EOT> glassdoor has 15 acceleron pharma reviews submitted anonymously by acceleron pharma employees . read employee reviews and ratings on glassdoor to decide if acceleron pharma is right for you .

acceleron pharma announces departure of jasbir seehra , ph . d . chief scientific officer

note : compare acceleron pharma stock price history with the index and industry peers .

acceleron pharma announces departure of jasbir seehra , ph . d . chief scientific officer | fiercebiotech

acceleron pharma appoints glenn batchelder as ceo and adds richard f . pops to board of directors

acceleron pharma inc . is a biopharmaceutical company which focuses on the discovery , development and commercialization of protein therapeutics for cancer and rare diseases . acceleron pharma inc . is based in cambridge , massachusetts .

historical market capitalization for acceleron pharma ( xlrn ) over the last 10 years . the current market cap for acceleron pharma ( xlrn ) as of march 31 , 2018 is $ 2 . 14b .

acceleron pharma appoints glenn batchelder as ceo and adds richard f . pops to board of directors | business wire

acceleron pharma shares rocketed early friday after it and celgene reported strong results for a partnered anemia treatment called luspatercept .

current and historical revenue for acceleron pharma ( xlrn ) from 2012 to 2018 . the sum of all revenue fields included for a company ' s operating activities . the current revenue for acceleron pharma as of march 31 , 2018 is .

current and historical gross , operating and net profit margins for acceleron pharma ( xlrn ) over the last 10 years . the current net profit margin for acceleron pharma ( xlrn ) as of march 31 , 2018 is - 839 . 98 % .

acceleron pharma inc . has struck a pair of deals with pharmaceutical firm celgene corp . that could bring nearly $ 1 . 9 billion in payments to acceleron , the biotech reports .

we provide acceleron pharma share price history along with pe ratio and ps ratio for doing acceleron pharma fundamental analysis . the price and volume changes on a daily basis is provided in the acceleron pharma stock price history . a large fluctuation in price and volume indicates a highly volatile stock . xlrn stock saw an opening price of $ 46 . 46 , and a closing price of $ 46 . 7 on jul 06 , 2018 . looking at acceleron pharma stock history data , the p / s ratio was at a low of 31 . 07 on feb 08 , 2017 .

acceleron pharma ; celgene corporation ; indiana university ; north shore - long island jewish health system ; university of texas m . d . anderson cancer center

acceleron pharma stock price history comprises of 10 years of historical data , or the data since the inception of the company . historical stock prices are provided with the open , high , low , close , volume , and acceleron pharma p / e ratio data for the stock . the acceleron pharma stock price history chart shows that the stock price was at a high of $ 56 . 7 on jan 22 , 2014 in the preceding 5 years .

new york , ny / accesswire / july 2 , 2018 / acceleron pharma and vertex pharmaceuticals both saw big gains on friday on separate positive catalysts last week . acceleron and celgene reported strong results . . .

vale co - founded two biotech companies — neurocrine biosciences and acceleron pharma — that have gone on to develop the medical and therapeutic potential of his discoveries .

acceleron pharma is using belgian blue bull genetics to make a drug to shift human muscles into overdrive to treat muscle - sapping diseases . ( yann arthus - bertrand / corbis )

contact : acceleron pharma , inc . steven ertel , 617 - 649 - 9234 vice president , corporate development or suda communications llc paul kidwell ( media ) , 617 - 296 - 3854

acceleron appoints robert k . zeldin , m . d . , chief medical officer

acceleron pharma inc ( nasdaq : xlrn ) , a clinical - stage biopharmaceutical focused on the treatment of serious and rare diseases , saw its stock soar after reporting encouraging phase 3 data . but investors . . .

acceleron pharma inc . , a leading biopharmaceutical company in the discovery and development of tgf - beta therapeutics to treat serious and rare diseases , today announced that senior management will participate in two upcoming healthcare investor conferences in may .

celgene corporation ( celg ) and acceleron pharma inc . ( xlrn ) announces top - line results from a phase iii , multi - center study ( medalist ) , where its pipeline candidate luspatercept met both the primary and secondary endpoints .

acceleron pharma inc . is developing protein therapeutics that target the transforming growth factor beta superfamily to treat diseases ranging from musculoskeletal and metabolic disorders to cancer . last month , acceleron began phase i testing of its lead candidate , ace - 011 , a first - in - class activin receptor iia antagonist to treat bone loss disorders .

acceleron pharma inc . , a leading biopharmaceutical company in the discovery and development of tgf - beta therapeutics to treat serious and rare diseases , today provided a corporate update and reported financial results for the first quarter ended march 31 , 2018 .

) - - june 14 , 2004 - - acceleron pharma announced today the appointment of glenn batchelder as president and ceo and a member of the board of directors . batchelder has been a senior executive at millennium pharmaceuticals for the past five years . acceleron also announced that biopharmaceutical veteran richard pops , ceo of alkermes , has joined the company ' s board of directors .

cambridge , mass . - - ( business wire ) - - nov 19 , 2010 - acceleron pharma , inc . , a biopharmaceutical company developing novel therapeutics that modulate the growth of cells and tissues including muscle , bone , fat , red blood cells and the vasculature , today announced that jasbir seehra , ph . d . , co - founder and chief scientific officer of acceleron has decided to leave acceleron to pursue other interests , although he will maintain a consulting relationship with the company .

acceleron pharma inc . , a leading biopharmaceutical company in the discovery and development of tgf - beta therapeutics to treat serious and rare diseases , today announced plans to deliver three presentations on luspatercept at the 23rd congress of the european hematology association in stockholm , sweden on june 14 - 17 , 2018 .

" i look forward to working with the team at acceleron pharma , " said pops . " the company has great potential to develop important drugs that will make a significant difference in patients ' lives . the founders have brought together a world - class science team and an interesting portfolio of assets . "

acceleron pharma ( $ xlrn ) is in phase iii testing for its lead candidate that’s partnered with celgene ( $ celg ) . now , it’s brought in a top commercial executive from bayer ( $ bay ) , habib dable , to lead the company as it aims to plan for a marketed product .

our mission is to discover and develop breakthrough drugs that will meet the needs of patients . each member of the acceleron team plays a meaningful role in making this happen . we value our employees and work hard to maintain a unique culture , team and collaborative approach that will contribute to our dynamic and scientifically rigorous environment . we are seeking talented and passionate people who are driven by making a difference in the lives of others . the people at acceleron have been and will continue to be the key to our success . acceleron pharma is an equal opportunity employer .

mr . dable joined acceleron in december 2016 as the company’s president and chief executive officer and member of its board of directors .

next , acceleron stands to receive a $ 25 million milestone from celgene upon fda or ema acceptance of a bla for luspatercept .

there isn ' t any " stuff " available yet , and knopf ' s company , acceleron pharma inc . isn ' t promising a bigger cow . but by mimicking the curious genetics of the breed , it ' s hoping to make a drug that shifts human muscles into the same kind of overdrive . if it works , acceleron ' s drug could repair the damage done by als , muscular dystrophy , and cancer - - diseases that can kill people by dramatically weakening them .

" with two phase 3 trials underway and a strong proprietary pipeline , acceleron is on the cusp of a key inflection point , and is adding critical commercial competencies to its core strength of research and development , " said acceleron board chairman dr . francois nader in a statement . " habib is the right person to take acceleron forward into this next stage of growth as a company … . he is a strategic thinker with excellent leadership and communications skills that will help acceleron deliver on our vision of becoming a leading biopharmaceutical company . "

acceleron pharma inc . ( xlrn ) , a leading biopharmaceutical company in the discovery and development of tgf - beta therapeutics to treat serious and rare diseases , today announced the appointment of robert k . zeldin , m . d . , as chief medical officer ( cmo ) . dr . zeldin brings to acceleron more than two decades of clinical , regulatory and industry experience , most recently serving as cmo of belgium - based ablynx nv . “robert has built an impressive career , holding a variety of leadership positions across clinical development , regulatory , and medical affairs functions , ” said habib dable , chief executive officer of acceleron .

acceleron ' s executives believe it is the only company looking into this approach to fixing damaged bones . but in the muscle arena , acceleron is facing significant competition . two giants of biotechnology are also developing myostatin inhibitors : the west coast powerhouse amgen inc . and wyeth .

the two life sciences firms have agreed to jointly develop and market acceleron ' s lead bone - forming protein , called ace - 011 , now in phase 1 clinical trials . and celgene has optioned three of acceleron ' s discovery - stage programs in a separate agreement .

acceleron pharma inc . ( xlrn ) , a leading biopharmaceutical company in the discovery and development of tgf - beta therapeutics to treat serious and rare diseases , today announced updated results from the ongoing phase 2 trials of luspatercept in patients with beta - thalassemia during an oral presentation at the 23rd congress of the european hematology association ( eha ) in stockholm , sweden . luspatercept is being developed as part of a global collaboration between acceleron and celgene . “these results reinforce our enthusiasm for luspatercept’s potential as a safe , efficacious therapy for beta - thalassemia patients over the long term , ” said habib dable , president and chief executive officer of acceleron .

any legitimate treatment , however , is years away . when and if it appears , acceleron knows there will be a waiting black market .

our company acceleron is dedicated to the discovery and development of innovative , life - changing medicines for patients with a wide range . . .

london , uk / accesswire / may 24 , 2018 / if you want access to our free research report on acceleron pharma inc . ( nasdaq : xlrn ) , all you need to do is sign up now by clicking the following link urltoken as the company ' s latest news hit the wire . on may 22 , 2018 , the company announced that it has commenced the pulsar phase - 2 trial of sotatercept for the treatment of patients with pulmonary arterial hypertension ( pah ) , which is a chronic and life - changing disease that can lead to heart failure . urltoken is currently working on the research report for aytu bioscience , inc . ( nasdaq : aytu ) , which also belongs to the healthcare sector as the company acceleron pharma .

related articles : celgene goes global with $ 2 . 9b pharmion buyout . report revlimid fuels celgene sales rocket . report the race is on for muscle - enhancing therapies . report acceleron takes a lesson from the giant belgian blue . report acceleron garners $ 30m in venture capital . report

mr . james joined acceleron in 2015 . he is vice president of investor relations and corporate communications and a member of the executive management committee .

acceleron ' s has numerous drugs in development . in this interview , matthew sherman , md , chief medical officer at acceleron provides an overview of those products ( sotatercept , dalantercept , and ace - 083 ) in addition to their lead product luspatercept discussed previously at urltoken for more information , visit urltoken

cambridge , ma - based acceleron pharma is broadening its anemia research partnership with celgene ( nasdaq : celg ) , the summit , nj - based biotech giant , according to a press release . the companies , which have been collaborating since 2008 , have formed a new joint development and commercialization deal for ace - 536 , a compound that treats anemia . celgene will make an upfront payment of $ 25 million to to acceleron , which will also be eligible to receive up to $ 217 million in milestone payments and double - digit royalties should the product make it to market .

in the deal related to ace - 011 , celgene has agreed to pay an initial fee of $ 50 million to acceleron and to make a $ 5 million equity investment in the privately held biotech based in cambridge . both companies would share costs to develop acceleron ' s bone - forming agents , and acceleron is eligible for $ 510 million in milestone payments as well as royalties on potential sales of the proteins . celgene , based in summit , n . j . , would also buy at least $ 7 million in acceleron common stock if the biotech has an initial public offering . the deal is subject to standard closing conditions .

today , celgene ( celg ) and acceleron therapeutics ( xlrn ) stocks are trending higher on the news of their phase 3 clinical trial for luspatercept meeting its goal . acceleron said that the drug reported a significant reduction in the need for blood transfusions in patients with mds ( myelodysplastic syndrome ) . celg and xlrn stocks rose ~ 4 % and 42 % , respectively .

acceleron said it expects to begin a phase 2 clinical trial of ace - 011 by mid - 2008 in patients who have suffered bone loss due to a blood cancer called multiple myeloma .

the company won’t be responsible for commercialization of this candidate , though . celgene has worldwide rights to luspatercept with acceleron receiving a low - to mid - 20 % royalty on net sales . celgene is also responsible for conducting phase iii luspatercept clinical studies ; for earlier r & d funding , celgene had paid acceleron a total of $ 81 . 6 million through june 30 .

acceleron is very unique place . all team members are willing to give extra to get the job done as appropriate in reaching our company goals . i truly feel great about the way we contribute to our patients and our community . i love the fact that i always have open accessibility to upper management , including vps . , ceo , cfo , cmo , cso etc . . they have always welcomed questions , advice i was looking for , personally and professionally . they are very honest and ethical in its business practices ! acceleron is growing company and with it comes great opportunity for professional development and growth ! i love working for acceleron because they care about all of us ! acceleron has helped me achieve my vision goal of becoming a leader by provide me with great resources and mentors . everyone here is willing to help and share knowledge which allows you to grow as a person . acceleron has become my second family and i truly would not want to be anywhere else !

biopharma is a fast - growing world where big ideas come along every day . our subscribers rely on fiercebiotech as their must - read source for the latest news , analysis and data in the world of biotech and pharma r & d . to read on the go , sign up today to get biotech news and updates delivered right to your inbox !

acceleron’s lead candidate is luspatercept , a tgf - β family ligand trap that promotes late - stage erythropoiesis ; it’s in phase iii testing in lower - risk myelodysplastic syndrome ( mds ) and in beta - thalassemia .

acceleron holds full rights to phase ii dalantercept , which is being tested in renal cell carcinoma , and phase i ace - 083 to treat focal muscle disorders ; it’s slated to move into phase ii testing during this half .

the clinical trials listed below are acceleron or partner - sponsored trials that are actively recruiting patients . each trial in the list contains a link to clinicaltrials . gov , where you will find a full description and contact information .

due to the volume of calls and inquiries , it is not possible for us to reach back out to everyone directly . if you ' re interested in partnering with acceleron , please send the following information to recruitment @ urltoken :

acceleron pharma inc . ( xlrn ) , a leading biopharmaceutical company in the discovery and development of tgf - beta therapeutics to treat serious and rare diseases , today announced the initiation of the pulsar phase 2 trial of sotatercept for the treatment of patients with pulmonary arterial hypertension ( pah ) , a chronic and life - changing disease that can lead to heart failure . “there is a real need for new treatment options that have the potential to improve survival for pah patients , ” said david badesch , m . d . , the director of the pulmonary hypertension program at the university of colorado and chair of the pulsar trial steering committee .

he led it through a 2013 ipo to a current valuation of about $ 1 . 5 billion . knopf came to acceleron from wyeth , where he had been the cambridge , ma , site head and vp of metabolic and respiratory disease .

alongside our partner celgene—a leader in hematology—we are advancing multiple phase 2 and phase 3 trials of luspatercept in five target indications across myelodysplastic syndromes , beta - thalassemia , and myelofibrosis . acceleron is also advancing a neuromuscular franchise with two distinct “myostatin + ” agents , ace - 083 and ace - 2494 . we recently initiated a phase 2 trial of sotatercept in pulmonary arterial hypertension ( pah ) . acceleron has ongoing preclinical research efforts targeting additional indications in these three disease areas in which there is high unmet medical need .

celgene â has agreed to option three development programs at acceleron and collaborate on the development of its lead bone formation protein in two deals that could be worth upwards of $ 1 . 9 billion . celgene is paying acceleron $ 50 million up front and a $ 5 million equity payment and up to $ 510 million in milestones for ace - 011 - - which is in an early - stage trial . on top of that , celgene will take a minimum $ 7 million equity stake in acceleron if it goes public . and there ' s an additional $ 1 . 3 billion in payments for the options on discovery stage programs targeting cancer and cancer - related bone loss . a mid - stage trial of ace - 011 is expected to get underway later this year .

acceleron pharma inc . ( xlrn ) , a leading biopharmaceutical company in the discovery and development of tgf - beta therapeutics to treat serious and rare diseases , today announced plans to deliver oral and poster presentations on ace - 083 from the ongoing phase 2 trial in patients with charcot - marie - tooth ( cmt ) disease at the peripheral nerve society ( pns ) annual meeting held in baltimore , maryland , july 22 - 25 , 2018 . part 1 is an open - label , dose - escalation study , with ace - 083 administered by injection into the ta muscle once every 3 weeks in up to 18 patients to evaluate safety and increases in muscle volume over a 3 - month treatment period .

celgene corporation ( celg ) and acceleron pharma inc . ( xlrn ) today announced results from a phase iii , randomized , double - blind , multi - center clinical study ( medalist ) . luspatercept achieved a highly statistically significant improvement in the primary endpoint of red blood cell ( rbc ) transfusion independence of at least 8 consecutive weeks during the first 24 weeks compared to placebo . medalist evaluated the efficacy and safety of luspatercept versus placebo in patients with ipss - r very low , low or intermediate risk myelodysplastic syndromes ( mds ) with chronic anemia and refractory to , intolerant of , or ineligible for treatment with an erythropoietin - stimulating agent ( esa ) , ring sideroblast - positive and require frequent rbc transfusions .

" this collaboration is an excellent strategic fit for acceleron and the ace - 011 program . celgene is one of the most successful biotech companies in the world and is the leader in the field of blood cancers , including multiple myeloma , an indication where ace - 011 has great potential , " said john knopf , ph . d . , ceo of acceleron . knopf signaled an approaching deal â to fiercebiotech last fall , saying it expected to get a collaboration agreement inked in the first quarter . the biotech company delivered right on schedule .

ms . sacco joined acceleron in 2012 , bringing more than 10 years of industry experience in commercial and business development roles . as vice president of market development , she is responsible for leading commercial strategy for acceleron’s pipeline of products . most recently , ms . sacco was responsible for leading business development and commercial strategy for the renal business of sanofi ( formerly genzyme ) . prior to that , she worked in corporate development at pfizer . earlier in her career , ms . sacco worked in investment management at morgan stanley investment management and alliancebernstein .

acceleron could also receive up to $ 1 . 3 billion in payments from celgene in connection with the development of the three discovery - stage programs focused on cancer and cancer - related bone loss . the biotech would also receive royalties from celgene on potential sales of the drugs .

acceleron , meanwhile , is brewing its experimental drug in its cambridgeport headquarters , a red liquid sloshing back and forth in a first - floor bioreactor . this year the company plans to ask the fda for permission to test the drug in humans , with tests possibly beginning in 2008 .

" with the benefit of jas ' scientific leadership , acceleron has rapidly developed a rich pipeline of novel therapeutic candidates , including three molecules in clinical development and several more at late preclinical stages , " said john knopf , ph . d . , co - founder and chief executive officer of acceleron . " he also showed his passion for patient care by championing the development of therapies for the treatment of duchenne muscular dystrophy . jas is a skilled corporate executive with tremendous entrepreneurial spirit and i wish him all the best as he seeks to repeat his successes at a new venture . "

since its founding in 2003 , the privately held acceleron has won $ 56 million in blue - chip venture - capital backing with the bold proposition that it can discover new ways to regulate the body ' s tissues and systems . its first potential drug , an injection to boost bone growth , is already in human testing . the goal is to help repair the bones of people with cancer , and perhaps someday people with osteoporosis as well . acceleron expects to report results of a first small human test in september , and start a larger clinical trial by the end of the year .

at acceleron , we are dedicated to bringing innovative , life - changing therapies to patients with a wide range of serious and rare diseases . our scientific leadership and broad platform have enabled us to produce a rich pipeline of important new medicines for rare blood disorders , neuromuscular , and pulmonary diseases .

acceleron ' s bone drug works in a similar way . drugs already exist that promote the growth of new bone , but they have shortcomings : some can be delivered only directly to a particular bone , and another can ' t be used in the cancer patients who could benefit from it . acceleron ' s approach is to remove the body ' s " off " switch for bone growth by blocking a substance that impedes new bone formation . in some cancer patients , bones can become almost porous , breaking easily , and causing health risks that last even after the cancer has gone into remission .

acceleron is a biopharmaceutical company developing drugs for important unmet medical needs through proprietary approaches that exploit the therapeutic potential of a large family of growth and differentiation factors . drug candidates will include both novel agonists and antagonists . the company was founded in 2003 and builds upon important ongoing research in the laboratories of its academic founders and consultants .

founded in 2003 , acceleron reports it employs 90 workers and has raised a total of $ 86 million in three rounds of venture capital financing . in addition to its treatments for bone loss , the biotech is developing preclinical proteins intended to increase muscle mass , control the growth of blood vessels , and block the accumulation of fat .

incoming acceleron head dable was most recently the president for pharmaceuticals at bayer in the u . s . in that role , he managed several new product launches across a number of therapeutic areas . he’s been with bayer for more than 20 years and prior to that spot was the global head of specialty medicine for bayer healthcare pharmaceuticals .

ms . sullivan joined acceleron in 2004 and has had varying responsibilities from facilities and it to operations and human resources . as vice president of human resources , ms . sullivan is responsible for developing and executing hr strategies , as well as talent acquisition , compensation and benefits , performance management , employee relations , and training and development . ms . sullivan has over 25 years of experience in startup as well as public companies . throughout her career , she worked for several high - technology companies including cullinet software , lotus development corp . , shiva corp . , and wheelhouse corp . her most recent position before joining acceleron was as director of operations at a startup boutique investment bank in boston , ma .

dable will replace acceleron co - founder , president and ceo john knopf as of dec . 1 , when the latter is set to retire . knopf helped start the cambridge , ma - based biotech in 2003 , which as a private company went on to raise about $ 115 million and snag a 2008 deal with celgene that was further built upon in 2011 .

there ' s a surprisingly simple explanation for the cow ' s pneumatic bulk . its body lacks a protein that works as an " off " switch for muscle growth . called myostatin , the substance patrols the bodies of normal cows - - and humans - - to keep the muscles in check . by designing a drug to absorb and block myostatin , acceleron is essentially removing the " off " switch for muscle growth .

dr . kumar joined acceleron in march 2004 and is currently senior vice president and chief scientific officer . dr . kumar established and currently leads acceleron discovery research . previously , dr . kumar worked for 12 years at genetics institute and wyeth pharmaceuticals . at genetics institute , dr . kumar was a key member of the small molecule drug discovery group and was responsible for cell biology . following the integration of discovery functions from gi and wyeth pharmaceuticals , dr . kumar served as senior scientist in the biological chemistry group . dr . kumar is the author of several key scientific manuscripts in the area of protein glycosylation and is named as an inventor of several patents . dr . kumar received his bs in chemistry from rohilkhand university , his ms in chemistry from meerut university , his ph . d . from university of new brunswick and he completed his post - doctoral fellowship at albert einstein college of medicine , in bronx , ny .

meanwhile , acceleron is at a turning point . the 75 - person company is without a chief executive - - knopf , the president , is acting as an interim chief - - and considering whether to go public . in the future it would like to apply its technology on other body systems and tissues , including fat and blood vessels . knopf , one of its co founders , is well aware of the almost science - fiction appeal of his company ' s research .

prior to joining acceleron , mr . james spent 9 years at trout group / trout capital , a boutique strategic advisory firm servicing the biopharmaceutical industry , in new york , ny . as part of the management team at trout , he counselled biopharmaceutical companies on corporate strategy , investor relations , communications , capital markets , and research and development funding . during his tenure , he advised private and public biotech companies on over $ 2b of financial and strategic transactions . earlier in his career , mr . james served as a capital markets intelligence analyst at thomson financial .

dr . desiderio joined acceleron in april 2007 and is senior vice president , regulatory and quality . dr . desiderio has more than 30 years of experience in research and development of small molecule and protein therapeutics , and has been integrally involved in programs leading to more than 10 currently marketed products . previously , dr . desiderio has held various positions at bristol - myers squibb company , gilead sciences and cubist pharmaceuticals . dr . desiderio received his bs in biology from southampton college liu , and his ms in veterinary medicine and ph . d . in immunology from the college of veterinary medicine , cornell university , ithaca , ny .

mr . kango joined acceleron in february 2018 , and is responsible for establishing the company’s north america commercial footprint in preparation for the potential launch of luspatercept in late 2019 . he leads the development of north america commercial capabilities and u . s . commercial operations and brings over 25 years of commercial leadership and expertise , in both biotechnology and large pharmaceutical companies . throughout his career , he has led multiple global product launches , including kyprolis ® and remicade ® , built commercial teams , and also served in collaboration leadership roles for both the onyx pharmaceuticals - bayer and infinity pharmaceuticals - abbvie partnerships . most recently at abbvie , mr . kango served as the vice president of global commercial development for oncology , prior to which he served as the executive vice president and chief commercial officer at infinity pharmaceuticals . mr . kango also served as vice president , global marketing , and sales operations at onyx pharmaceuticals , an amgen subsidiary . prior to onyx , he held several leadership positions including vice president sales and marketing - oncology at merck & co . , global commercial leader - procrit ® / eprex ® at ortho - biotech , and various sales and marketing positions at schering - plough . mr . kango earned a b . s . in microbiology and an mba from mcneese state university .

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president and ceo glenn batchelder said tgf beta bone growth factors represent " an under - appreciated space in biology that had not been exploited for its therapeutic potential . "

indeed , the first thing the company did after setting up shop was to accumulate as much of the available ip covering tgf beta as possible through licensing agreements with an assortment of academic institutions including the . . .

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cambridge - - when john knopf walks into a meeting and wants to blow people ' s minds , he just pulls out a picture of a cow .

it ' s clearly not a normal animal . the massive white bull nearly explodes with muscles , a mr . olympia with hooves . the breed , a belgian blue , is a genetic freak .

the picture has been known to derail business conversations . people want to know what made the beast so big . " everyone talks about it , " said the longtime biotechnology executive . " sometimes they say , ' you ' ve got to get me some of this stuff . ' "

" there ' s real significant need for these patients , " said knopf . " clearly patients are dying from lack of musculature . "

the muscle drug is further away . so far the company has only tested the drug in lab animals , which - - like the outsize belgian blue cattle - - tend to experience dramatic gains in muscle mass without exercise .

wyeth makes an antibody that specifically binds to myostatin and takes it out of commission . the company started testing the drug on muscular dystrophy patients in 2005 and initially expected results by late last year , but they have not yet been disclosed . a wyeth spokesman this week said the data are still being analyzed . amgen ' s drug is also in clinical trials , but the company has revealed little information about it .

although the initial use of the drug is for patients with muscle - wasting diseases , the implications haven ' t been lost on a very non medical audience : bodybuilders . a number of bodybuilding websites are tracking the progress of myostatin research , and some companies have introduced unregulated supplements with names like myozap and myostim , which claim to boost muscle growth by blocking myostatin .

" we ' ll be aware of it , and just do the best we can as a company to monitor this , " said knopf .

" if you ' d said to me 10 years ago , what are the chances there ' s going to be a therapy that increases muscle mass while people sit on the couch , i ' d have said zero , " said knopf . " but these things are coming . "

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how long will the investor exuberance driving public offerings of biotech companies last ? brady huggett investigates .

biotech ipos on us exchanges have been something to watch . image : ridge carpenter

that recent enthusiasm for biotech companies ' initial public offerings ( ipos ) is a thing of wonder . even gene therapy companies like bluebird bio of cambridge , massachusetts , have blazed onto the public exchanges . the company twice increased the anticipated amount of the offering before eventually pricing in june at $ 17 per share , above its forecast range , and raising more than $ 116 million . the underwriters picked up an expanded overallotment option— additional shares offered when demand is high—as the stock surged on the open market .

bluebird is just one of many biotech ipos that have gone supernova in 2013 ( table 1 ) . biotech ipos on nasdaq and nyse this year have raised , on average , $ 86 million and collectively returned 62 % over their ipo pricings at the end of the third quarter . saying that the public market is receptive to early - stage biotechs is an understatement .

biotech ' s climb is one part of the overall robust public markets this year . the s & p 500 opened the year at 1 , 426 . 19 , and by the end of the third quarter had grown to 1 , 681 . 55— a 17 . 9 % jump . but it is the biotech space that has astonished : the nasdaq biotech index began the year at 1 , 460 . 20 ; at the end of the third quarter it closed at 2 , 188 . 92 , a 50 % leap over nine months . it has so far held onto these gains .

from among the 2013 life sciences ipos , we selected those that are innovative and r & d - driven . we found subtle differences among firms that priced below , within or above their expected range ( supplementary table 1 ) , but the group in general has outperformed .

biotech ' s current success is the result of many factors , but one element is serving as a backdrop : investor interest tends to be cyclical , and right now it appears to be biotech ' s turn . “it ' s almost mathematics , ” says francesco de rubertis , partner at index ventures of geneva . “many people basically predicted this a year ago . board directors have been pushing companies to get ready for ipos . ”

de rubertis points to the pattern of investment flowing from internet and information technology ( it ) to healthcare . in general , a peak for values in the it space is followed some 6 to 12 months later by a peak in healthcare . a key moment was the facebook ipo in 2012 , he says , when the company priced shares at $ 38—the top of its suggested range—and raised $ 18 . 4 billion , for a total valuation of $ 104 billion , the largest ever for an american company going public . a lot of wealth was created in the it space for investors , and that new money needed to be put to work . it is moving down the line to biotech stocks , he says .

indeed , biotech ' windows ' have routinely opened and closed in the past ( fig . 1 ) , though how long the sash is up and what brings it down varies . before the current boom in biotech ipos , one train of thought was that windows would become a thing of the past ; as investors became more seasoned , public offerings would be evaluated on the basis of a biotech business ' fundamentals . that does not seem to be the case .

the cyclical nature of investing is observable in the biotech windows almost from the inception of the industry . * as of september 30 , 2013 .

in the current period , adding fuel to the cyclical interest is a pent - up demand for good biotech stories . there have been just 65 innovative biotech ipos in total for 2008–2012 , compared to 101 ipos in a single year during the 2000 biotech window . even in tough times , an appetite remains among specialist investors .

this bottled demand is dovetailing with better performance from some of the mature biotech firms . consider regeneron , of tarrytown , new york . at the beginning of 2011 , the company ' s stock sat just below $ 33 . since then , its colorectal cancer drug , zaltrap ( ziv - aflibercept ) , has been approved ; ilaris ( canakinumab ) was cleared for juvenile rheumatoid arthritis ; and eylea ( aflibercept ) was approved for both wet age - related macular degeneration and macular edema from retinal vein occlusion . the company ' s stock closed above $ 312 at the end of the third quarter .

another example is alexion of cheshire , connecticut , which from 2011 through the third quarter of 2013 , had stock growth of 185 % , based on the potential of its blockbuster drug soliris ( eculizumab ) . investors look for this sort of ' hockey stick ' growth , but most public biotech firms such as these are already prohibitively expensive , which may be driving investors to the crop of young , innovative private companies in the hopes they follow a similar path .

much of the current group of early - stage companies were formed in a funding crucible . since 2008 , the total amount of money invested in young , innovative firms has fallen , and a decreasing number of venture capitalists have cornerstoned biotech creation ( nat . biotechnol . 30 , 395–400 ( 2013 ) ) . bad news , of course , for those seeking investments , but good news for the surviving venture capitalists , who for years have been able to cherry - pick the most potentially disruptive technologies they saw . these prize projects are the ones now making their way into the public market .

this hasn ' t gone unnoticed by public investors , and indeed , in this cycle the markets seem to prefer early , science - based companies ( box 1 ) . in some ways , says annette grimaldi , managing director at bmo capital markets in new york , young , cutting - edge companies make for more reassuring investments . “there is less of a binary risk for those anyway , ” she says . “investors are not worried about stepping away from their desk for a moment and coming back to find shares down 50 % because of a failed trial . ”

agios , founded in 2007 and focused on cellular metabolism in cancer and inborn errors of metabolism , went public in july , raising $ 121 . 9 million in gross proceeds , including a fully subscribed overallotment option for underwriters . the company had initially sought $ 86 million , then $ 92 million and raised the number of shares offered in the overallotment , as well . it priced shares well above its anticipated range .

this didn ' t happen by chance . from the moment david schenkein came aboard as ceo in 2009 , the company angled toward an ipo . “for the last two or three years , we met with 75 to 100 investors , some of them multiple times , ” schenkein says . “and when we did , we said , ' we ' re meeting with you because we want to go public . and we want you to know the team and the science ' . ”

still preclinical at filing , agios was met with “a real enthusiasm to invest in real r & d companies , ” schenkein says . “and i get a sense there is a thirst for something novel ; that helped agios a lot . ”

the company priced the ipo with no insider participation—by design , schenkein says , as it wanted to broaden its investor base . it already had three public investors on board through a private investment , and he admits those firms helped grease the skids for the ipo . when it came off , it rocketed . the company ' s stock opened on nasdaq at $ 29 and closed higher its first day .

although a combination of factors played into the success , the biggest , schenkein says , was the effort . “the market helped , ” he says , “but the most important element was the time we spent with [ potential buyers ] over the last three or four years . ”

the biggest portion of the companies floating in this cycle is oncology companies—17 of the 37 biotech ipos through the third quarter—though there are platform technologies and firms chasing orphan disease , as well . adam bristol , portfolio manager at aquilo capital in san francisco says that a “rather inelastic market demand and the ability to charge premium prices , especially in the us” still exists for orphan disease and oncology drugs . although he notes that pushback on pricing may be coming , for now companies like regeneron and alexion have successfully transitioned into commercial - stage companies and are receiving high prices for their innovative drugs .

beyond payor issues , a couple of other factors are helping to drive interest in biotech ipos . one is a provision of the jobs act , enacted in april 2012 . the provision expands the permissible communication between parties around an ipo , allowing companies to speak with investors about the possibility of participation without disclosing the potential ipo to the public . this has allowed emerging growth companies of all types , biotechs included , to ' test the waters ' on joining the public markets , though discussing share price is disallowed . the extended runway has proved popular among biopharma firms , leading to some investors feeling swamped by meeting requests .

the second is the us food and drug administration ( fda ) . the 37 drug approvals in 2012 ranked it as the best year in a decade , especially for biologics . eleven of those were cancer drugs . although drug approval numbers for 2013 are so far not looking as rosy , 2012 helped create the perception that the fda is again a willing partner in clearing needed drugs .

the frantic pace of ipos , coupled with the high values being placed on newly public companies and the large amounts of capital being raised , has plenty of people comparing this open window to recent ones— the 2000 bubble and the generally receptive period of 2004–2007 . the current environment falls somewhere in between those two . in 2000 there were 101 biotech ipos on global exchanges , by our count ( 38 originated outside the us ) . the average amount raised was $ 85 million ( urltoken ) . in the 2004–2007 window , the best year was the last , when there were 51 biotech ipos , raising an average of $ 58 million .

the first nine months of 2013 saw 36 ipos on worldwide exchanges through three quarters , with the average amount raised at $ 73 . 8 million .

a handful more have gone public in october , and another 10 were on file at the beginning of november , according to data from bmo capital markets ( table 2 ) . it ' s not clear where total numbers for 2013 will end up , but noubar afeyan , managing partner and ceo of flagship ventures in cambridge , massachusetts , which has had five of their portfolio companies go public this year , doesn ' t see much of a comparison now with the zeal in 2000 . “i don ' t see [ a bubble ] in the current crop of companies , ” he says , adding that the interest isn ' t due to “retail guys who suddenly think they need to get in [ biotech ] . to me , a bubble is what someone calls a cycle if they miss it , or it doesn ' t go their way . ”

this is the main difference from 2000 , when the mom - ' n - pop retail investors— cued in by media coverage on the decoding of the human genome—combined with generalist and specialist biotech investors to push the sector to those historical heights . by contrast , this window is being powered by the generalist investors , who , watching stocks rise overall , began relying on biotech to help beat the broader market performance .

the renewed interest from generalists is also seen in the drop in insider participation for successful ipos . in harder times , innovative biotech ipos were often propped up by already - present investors ( generally venture capitalists ) agreeing to buy into the public offering to get it completed . brent ahrens , general partner at canaan in menlo park , california , notes that things have reversed now . canaan portfolio company chimerix , for example , went public in april , raising $ 117 . 8 million , selling 8 , 418 , 000 shares including the overallotment . of all those shares , not one was bought by inside investors . “i ' m sure there was some [ support ] there if needed , ” he says , “but the company didn ' t need it . ”

in fact , many have needed it less . data from bmo capital markets , show that in 2010 , of the nine companies that launched an ipo with available data , the average insider participation was 39 . 4 % , and all nine reported some level of participation . of the 22 with reportable insider participation in 2013 , the average amount so far has been 20 . 8 % ; three reported no insider participation at all .

beyond the obvious benefits of raising money , a robust ipo market helps biotech in other ways . for example , it gives ceos of private companies that might be targets for mergers or acquisitions bargaining power—they can honestly say there are other viable exits for its investors . sizable venture capital exits from these ipos could very well entice new money to contribute to fresh biotech venture capital funds . this could mean the long downward trend in venture capital funding for innovative early - stage biotech will reverse .


taiwan sugar corporation ( tsc ; chinese : 台灣糖業股份有限公司 ; pinyin : táiwān tángyè gōngsī ) or taisugar ( 台糖 ; táitáng ) is a state-run enterprise of taiwan , with headquarters in tainan city .

taiwan sugar corporation

taiwan sugar corporation <EOT> cultural association of taiwan sugar industry ( 2005 ) . the illustrated history of meiji sugar co . , ltd . taipei : taiwan takechi sugar foundation

cultural association of taiwan sugar industry ( 2005 ) . the illustrated history of ensuiko sugar co . , ltd . taipei : taiwan takechi sugar foundation

taiwan sugar corporation has five types of developments — open bid construction , joint construction , community development , sugar factory fields development , and student ' s dormitory development . it also owns the taiwan sugar research institute .

soon after wwii ended and the taiwan retrocession was over , companies like dai - nihon , taiwan , meiji and ensuikou sugar companies which were operated by the japanese were all nationalized and merged to become the taiwan sugar corporation , which fell under the direct control of the ministry of economic affairs . xihu sugar refinery was formally renamed xihu sugar refinery , taiwan sugar corp .

at present , the china petrochemical development corporation , the bes engineering corporation , the china steel corporation , the steel production , shipbuilding and alloy steel production facilities of the taiwan machinery manufacturing corporation , the taiwan fertilizer co . , ltd . , and the taiwan salt industrial corporation have already been privatized . apart from taiwan water supply corporation , which is currently unsuitable for privatization because it is a public utility , a consultation company is studying the taiwan sugar corporation for privatization in light of its vast land holdings . all remaining state - owned enterprises are gradually being privatized according to their business nature , and their privatization is expected to complete within the approved tine frame .

became chung hsing paper corporation on nov . 7 , 1959 . in the 1960s

the corporation was established on 1 may 1946 by the nationalist government after the handover of taiwan from japan to republican china , by merging all of the sugar companies ( dai - nihon , taiwan , meiji , and ensuiko sugar company ) during the japanese era in taiwan . in the 1950s and 1960s , sugar was one of the major exports of taiwan ; the corporation remains a major land owner today .

koh kong plantation co . ltd ( kkpc ) from cambodia - sugar industry , sugarcane koh kong sugar co . ltd ( kksi ) from cambodia - sugar - industry , sugarcane khon kaen sugar industry public company limited ( ksl group ) from thailand - sugar - industry , sugarcane ve wong corporation from china - food industry

organizational changes prompted the taiwan sugar corp . to integrate the asset management businesses of xihu sugar refinery , zhunan graduate school , yuemei branch factory and pu - li sugar factory into the central region branch office of asset management , taiwan sugar corp .

“the emergence of taiwan in the context of world history : from the perspective of taiwan sugar corporation” , research center of humanities and social sciences , national chiao tung university , 2010 - 2012 .

in the aftermath of war , tsc managed to rebuild sugar factories . ( picture credit : sugar industry cultural digital archives : memoires of the sugar industry )

taiwan ' s sugar trade , which flourished for almost 400 years , is now a sunset industry . the taiwan sugar corporation has diversified its business into tourism , floriculture , biotechnology , and retailing . it also operates a chain of gas stations and invests in taiwan high speed rail .

1966 ibm works with tatumg electronic corporation to produce magnetic core memory planes in taiwan . ibm establishes an international procurement office .

the organizational structure was readjusted and restructured in order to boost the operating efficiency , and the corporation’s structure was consolidated to become the taichung region branch office , taiwan sugar corp .

huwei sugar factory was heavily bombarded and severely damaged during world war ii . ( picture credit : sugar industry cultural digital archives : memoires of the sugar industry )

, the corporation ranked no . 1 both in production and sales in the taiwanese paper industry .

yang yanqi ( 2001 ) . story of taiwan cane sugar . taipei : fruition .

chen mingyan ( 2007 ) . sugar industry in taiwan . taipei county : walkers .

about an hour’s drive from the museum is the state - owned taiwan sugar corporation ( tsc ) ’s orchid farm , complete with a research institute as well as breeding and propagation centres .

“sugar industry in post - war taiwan” , national science council grant , 2007 - 2009 .

it merged with the japanese company , meiji sugar co . , ltd . , and was renamed xihu sugar refinery .

xihu sugar refinery ended its production activities and was transformed into a tourist sugar refinery which integrated the history of the sugar industry and promoted the preservation and reutilization of cultural heritage .

source : created based on the following reports from the governor - general of taiwan : taiwan sugar industry statistical report no . 17 , pp . 82 - 89 ; taiwan sugar industry statistical report no . 20 , pp . 84 - 86 ; taiwan sugar industry statistical report no . 23 , pp . 86 - 91 ; taiwan sugar industry statistical report no . 26 , pp . 84 - 89 ; taiwan sugar industry statistical report no . 29 , pp . 1 , 84 - 89 .

1957 ibm china establishes headquarters in taipei . the first ibm data processing ( dp ) equipment in taiwan is installed at the taiwan sugar corporation in taipei . ibm opens its first office in hong kong , which is managed by the taiwan organization . the first ibm education course is held in taiwan .

ito shigero ( 1939 ) . history of the taiwan sugar refining company . tokyo : taiwan seito k . k . tokyo shutchojo .

1964 the first ibm system / 360 in taiwan is ordered by the taiwan sugar corporation . that customer acquires an ibm 1440 in december to handle materials accounting , general accounting , sales and inventory control as well as farmerso loan accounting and personnel records . the first ibm bank proof machine in taiwan is used by the bank of taiwan .

“the problem of the raw material of taiwan’s sugar industry after wwi” , national science council grant , 1997 .

“a research on taiwan’s sugar manufacturing guild during the japanese colonization in 1920s” , national science council grant , 2002 .

i will now discuss an overview of the strategy implemented by each of the big four sugar manufacturers . taiwan sugar manufacturing focused on its core industry by taking full advantage of its resources ( large company - owned farms and a raw material harvesting district in southern taiwan , an advantageous region for sugarcane cultivation ) as a pioneer in the industry . taiwan sugar manufacturing actively conducted r & d ; in agriculture , such as developing sugarcane species and being the first company to use portable devices for measuring sugar content , which served as the cores for quality production increases . additionally , taiwan sugar manufacturing also started manufacturing plantation white sugar at roughly the same time as ensuiko sugar manufacturing , a pioneering company in that field . as a result , taiwan sugar manufacturing was able to maintain a sustained competitive advantage for a long period of time ( see graph ) . furthermore , as chairman of the federation of sugar manufacturers , taiwan sugar manufacturing also served as the main coordinator for the management of interests .

for dainihon sugar manufacturing , which started from the inland refined sugar manufacturing industry , the bribery scandal involving nihon seito was a turning point for rebirth and renewed performance based on sugar manufacturing in taiwan . the strategic transition to the modern sugar manufacturing industry was spurred by a merger with toyo sugar manufacturing in 1927 . dainihon significantly improved its position by shifting its strategic focus from refined sugar to plantation white sugar . through active m & a ; , the company was able to overcome the disadvantages in raw material harvesting districts and centrifugal sugar production capacity due to its late entry into the market . dainihon started from calculated and realistic decision - making based on lessons learned from past mistakes .

“taiwan hakka industrial management in the japanese colonial period : a study of sugar manuafacturing” , hakka affairs council grant , 2010 .

“the double structure of japanese sugar manufacturing in late meiji period , ” national taiwan library bulletin 2 . 1 ( september 1995 ) .

now tsc is a multi - services corporation and operates across different industries such as quality agriculture ( e . g . the moth orchid ) , animal husbandry , bio - technology , logistics , land development , and tourism . in its efforts to promote tourism , tsc taps into its hundred years’ legacy in the sugar industry . for instance , the first modern sugar factory in taiwan—qiaotou sugar factory ( a . k . a . the kaohsiung branch of tsc ) —has been turned into the taiwan sugar museum . the venue exhibits sugar production facilities , agricultural implements and machinery , and railroad scenes . the process of sugar production is also in display . visitors will find in this museum a mix of japanese and baroque architecture , wonders of ecological diversity , and the glories of taiwan’s sugar industry . why not come to this historical monument , travel to the past , and embrace these old - time memories ?

“renewal and transformation of taiwan - japan economic exchange : mitsui bussan in taiwan” , institute of taiwan history , academia sinica , 2011 - 2013 .

“hakka ethnic group and the history of taiwan ‘s camphor industry , ” in the history of taiwan’s hakka ethnic group . taiwan historica , 2000 .

“power up taiwan” and “the evolution of taiwan electric power corporation” have sufficiently laid a basis for the studies of electricity evolution in taiwan . although both books have their limits from the sts perspective , they are just enough to throw some new light on sts research and let more related research topics be derived .

“a study of the league of the sugar industry in taiwan between the end of 1910s and 1920s” , national science council grant , 1999 .

“the history of sugar manufacturing in modern japan , 1868 - 1911” , dissertation , 1993 .

during world war ii , however , ethanol - producing venues were attacked by u . s . troops as military facilities . many sugar factories were bombed , resulting in serious damage and severe casualties ; certain facilities were only rebuilt due to taiwan sugar corporation’s ( tsc ) effort . in 1952 , new varieties of sugarcane were introduced , which pushed production back to the pre - war level . in 1975 , cane sugar production contributed to record export proceeds of nt $ 5 . 1 billion . starting from the next year , however , international sugar prices dropped continuously . eventually , the financial loss in exports resulted in tsc’s layoff and closing down of its sugar factories .

the taichung region branch office was renamed the taiwan sugar corp . , zhongzhang operation branch in response to the dictates of the japanese operation branch .

“on ke chiming’s mutual restraint between rice and sugar , ” research on taiwan history 10 . 2 ( december 2003 ) : 131 - 136 .

“taiwanese capital in sugar industry before and after japan - russia war , ” taiwan : a radical quarterly in social studies 23 ( september 1996 ) .

in apr . 17 , 1944 to make plans for handover of taiwan and training required administrative personnel . again in nov . 1945 , the “taiwan handover committee” was formed to be responsible for taking over the taiwan governor’s office’s businesses . two major agencies were established to take over japanese property – the nationalist government resources committee” and the “taiwan province chief administrative officer’s office” . the former took over taiwan power company , taiwan sugar company , taiwan fertilizer company , taiwan cement company , taiwan soda company , and taiwan machinery company that were to be placed under central government’s jurisdiction . the latter took over the preparatory office for china petroleum company’s kaohsiung refinery and taiwan oil factory , preparatory office for taiwan aluminum company , and preparatory office for taiwan gold and copper mining company that were to be run by the provincial government .

and started to use crushed sugarcane from sugar factories as raw material for papermaking . this recycling technique became the earliest record of recycled paper making in taiwan .

those who have not followed the registration system , has submitted the rice to government stock , has received the subsidy for set - aside program , rent the lands from taiwan sugar corporation for crop in production or the products produces from taiwan sugar co . land , shouldn’t ask to be purchased by the council . someone who hasn’t proceed the registration , when the assistance will be needed , the council could purchase , however , the purchase price will be only 65 % of the production cost .

meiji sugar manufacturing implemented a multilayered and multifaceted strategy with companies such as meiji seika co . , ltd . at the same time , the company utilized as its greatest resource the group power of “dai - meiji” which is supported by its own sales network operated by meiji shoten co . , ltd . this strategy was designed to overcome the inherent uncertainty ( sugar prices at the mercy of the international market and the effect of typhoons on sugarcane cultivation ) of the sugar manufacturing industry . moreover , during the financial depression , meiji sugar manufacturing also purchased two factories with plantation refined sugar facilities . this enabled meiji sugar to start catching up with the top position held by taiwan sugar manufacturing ( see graph ) . during the mid - 1930s , meiji sugar was able to overcome its vulnerability in agriculture which was brought on by the company motto of " simplicity and fortitude . "

“the establishment of modern japan’s sugar manufacturing and the economic change in taiwan , ” in the impact of japanese capitalism on korea and taiwan : economic change under imperialism . kyoto university , 2004 . ( in japanese )

in the prime of the sugar industry , sugarcane railroads totaling 3 , 000 kilometers transported supplies to sugar factories all over the island , and taiwan was called the “kingdom of the sugar rail . ” the by - products of the sugar production process ( extraction , boiling , and crystallization ) such as wet bagasse and molasses were turned into fuel , paper , organic fertilizer , or ethanol . in fact , ethanol from these facilities served as a very important military supply .

lukang gentry koo hsien - jung merged four old sugar companies , one after another , from the xihu dingliao sugar factory , puyan sansheng dafeng branch , pitou lian jiao cuo as well as the company named erlin dapaisha sugar refinery , which he operated with taiwanese chen zi - cheng . in october of the same year ( the 8th year of the taisho period ) , tamato sugar co . , ltd . was founded .

changhua country afforested and beautified the landscape along the sugar train route and built it into a cycling route .

when discussing the modern sugar manufacturing industry , it is important to consider the close relationship with the cultivation of sugarcane , a raw material for sugar . this is because the amount of centrifugal sugar produced is significantly affected by the amount of sugar cane harvested . indeed , expenses related to the raw material sugarcane accounted for 60 % of production cost . at the same time , there was an issue of competition between the production of sugarcane and rice ( the two major crops in taiwan ) in the region where raw material was harvested . this issue was a significant constraint which increased the cost of corporation management for sugar manufacturing companies . a factor to this was a system in which specified factories were required to make purchases for sugarcane cultivation only , but in which farmers were free to cultivate any crop they wished .

cane sugar once played a vital role in taiwan’s economic miracle in the twentieth century , but its production began much earlier . in fact , the earliest use of the sugarcane mill dates back to the late ming dynasty , in roughly the seventeenth century . sugarcane is a non - native crop that had adapted well to southern taiwan’s climate and soil . when taiwan was under dutch rule during the seventeenth century , sugarcane was used to make sugar , which was sold to japan . during the time that koxinga , a ming chinese military leader , governed taiwan , the trade of sugar brought much wealth to the island , which resulted in the following saying in fujian and guangdong , the two chinese provinces close to the island : “taiwan has so much money it floods your ankles . ” this reputation also showed taiwan’s great appeal to potential immigrants . in 1861 , the treaty of tianjin , which had been signed by the qing empire and other countries , entered into effect . the treaty opened taiwan for trade , and thus camphor , sucrose , and tea leaves became taiwan’s major export items . during the japanese occupation of taiwan , a dozen sugar companies were founded on the island , including dai - nippon , taiwan , meiji , ensuiko , shinko , and teikoku . at its peak , the number of sugar factories on the island reached forty - two , and taiwan’s sugar production ranked only after india , cuba , and java in quantity . in fact , in an exposition organized to celebrate the forty years of japanese rule in 1935 , the sugar industry exhibit reminded visitors , “the sugar industry is the mother of taiwan’s culture . ”

xie lingyu ( 2002 ) . the old days of xinying sugar factory . tainan county : xinying district office .

“the social history of modern japanese sugar” , japan society for the promotion of science grant , 2012 - 2014 .

1956 ibm establishes a branch office of the ibm world trade corporation ( wtc ) in taipei , with a staff of three . they occupy a 400 - square foot office at the international house .

“the filing of the cultural property of zongye sugar plant in tainan county” , tainan county government grant , may 2007 .

changhua county cultural affairs bureau assisted in repairing the steam locomotive exhibition hall as well as collecting the early steam locomotives of taiwan sugar corp . , such as # 604 , # 326 and # 364 , other types of locomotives , the old photos of the sugar refinery and the railway facilities for display .

1970 the taiwan power company orders the country ' s first ibm system / 360 model 50 , the largest ibm computer in taiwan .

“suzuki’s shops , taiwan bank and financial crises , ” national taiwan museum quarterly 107 ( 1 september 2010 ) , 12 - 17 .

the journal of taiwan governor den - kenjiro , vol . iii . taipei : institute of taiwan history , academia sinica , 2009 .

the journal of taiwan governor den - kenjiro , vol . ii . taipei : institute of taiwan history , academia sinica , 2006 .

the journal of taiwan governor den - kenjiro , vol . i . taipei : institute of taiwan history , academia sinica , 2001 .

after maintaining long - term competitive advantage for more than 30 years , taiwan sugar manufacturing was surpassed by dainihon sugar manufacturing due to the latter ' s active m & a ; strategy ( see graph ) . this occurrence itself represents the dynamism of the modern sugar manufacturing industry . since the three companies other than taiwan sugar manufacturing faced constraints associated with management mistakes or late entry into the market , overcoming those constraints became urgent issues of those companies . as such , the essence of dynamism in the industry was the process of mutual cooperation within innovative corporate activities aimed at realizing rebirth , enhanced performance , and effect of newcomers .

“the filing and study of the historical documents of zongye sugar plant in tainan county” , tainan county government grant , 2005 - 2006 .

when taking a broad look at the history of the modern sugar manufacturing industry , it can be described as a search for cooperation based on competition . in this case , cooperation refers to the cooperative action taken against the backdrop of the federation of sugar manufacturers , one of the largest cartels in pre - war japan . specifically , the main mission of the federation as a cartel was to suppress competition through agreements such as the production adjustment agreements of 1933 / 1934 ( in order to avoid overproduction , reduction of measures intended to encourage farmers to grow sugarcane ) , to manage interests within the industry , which had repeatedly dealt with a conflict of interests regarding side business of inland refined sugar and the plantation white sugar ( centrifugal sugar as low cost as refined sugar ) that would lead the industry in the 1930s , and to supplement business resources with the aim of sharing various information ranging from types of sugarcane to manufacturing methods for plantation white sugar .

taiwan governor - general office in the history of taiwan economy : administrative authorization , economics and historical material . taipei : yuan - liou , 2010 .

“shibugami : taiwan’s historical material during the qing dynasty in the ownership of yamata , ” in research on taiwan’s modern historical materials , vol . 2 . japan : association of taiwan’s historical materials , 2005 . ( in japanese )

the phrase of modern sugar manufacturing industry as used in the title of this article refers to the centrifugal sugar industry ( hereinafter referred to as sugar manufacturing industry ) , which was developed as a business in taiwan prior to world war two . the features of business history research in regards to this theme include examining uniqueness via case studies , conducting comparative analysis ( specifically , international comparison and corporate comparison ) , and empirical analysis that focuses on the decision - making process of top management .

“the periphery and application of the archives of taiwan governor - general office , ” in the knowledge and usage of the archives of taiwan governor - general office , ed . yukio hiyama , et al . taiwan historica , 2002 .

in actuality , despite what is indicated by research on pre - war sugar manufacturing in japan , the industry was in no way a simple oligopoly enabled by monopoly capital . however , even while searching for cooperation , there was also a foundation of constant and fierce corporation competition by a few key players . as discussed below , corporate management based on competition was the normal form of the business .

no . 25 , pao - chin rd . taipei 10043 , taiwan , roc

“a collecting project on the documents of taiwan’s early financial system : collecting and filing the current documents of land bank” , national taiwan museum grant , october 2007 .

“on the response of taiwan governor - general office to the financial crisis in showa era , ” in local elites and taiwan’s peasant movement , ed . chen tzu - yu . taipei : institute of taiwan history , academia sinica , 2008 .

archives of kamiyama mitunoshin ⅲ no . 20 : the reason of the personnel changes in taiwan , ” in research on taiwan’s modern historical materials , vol . 3 . japan : association of taiwan’s historical materials , 2005 . ( in japanese )

discussion of the strategy implemented by ensuiko sugar manufacturing must begin from its pioneering activities in plantation white sugar . however , in order for this strategy to succeed , ensuiko had to overcome two constraints : management mistakes caused by the overlap of several large - scale mergers and the bankruptcy of suzuki shoten , and the management of raw material harvesting districts which were scattered throughout taiwan . upon entering the 1930s , the demand for plantation white sugar rose greatly due to decreased prices and improved quality in conjunction with reduced consumption tax and quality production increases . as rival companies implemented strategies focusing on plantation white sugar , the advantage enjoyed by ensuiko by the mid - 1920s was not conspicuous .

“chapter 5 love for the handcar : the establishment and development of new - style sugar manufacturing , ” in the great century of agriculture in taiwan . taipei : council of agriculture , executive yuan , 2012 , 102 - 123 .

as the result of repeated alliances between 27 sugar manufacturing companies , the number of companies had been reduced to 11 in the early 1920s . after reorganization of the industry during the financial depression in 1927 , only 9 sugar manufacturing companies would remain : taiwan , shinko , meiji , dainihon , ensuiko , niitaka , teikoku , showa , and taito . ultimately , due to further reorganization of the industry in conjunction with the intensification of the war regime in japan , the modern sugar manufacturing industry was reduced to 4 key players known as the " big four " : taiwan , meiji , dainihon , and ensuiko .

the half - gauge sugar train obtained permission for operation and officially reopened its doors to allow visitors to experience a rural , nostalgic and intellectual journey .

“the formation and accumulation of japanese capital in taiwan in the beginning of japanese rule , ” taiwan : a radical quarterly in social studies 32 ( december 1998 ) .

“the process of formation of taiwan’s salt monopoly policy in the beginning of japanese rule 1895 - 1911 , ” taiwan economic review 26 . 1 ( march 1998 ) .

ly yong phat , ruling party ( cpp ) senator and co - owner of koh kong plantation co . ltd and koh kong sugar co . ltd .

“the formation and implementation of the policy of public land sale under taiwan governor - general office : ‘land tax reform by the meiji governent and public land sale to sugar manufacturing co . , ltd” , national science council grant , 2012 - 2013 .

competing under the shadow of mainland china’s economy , taiwan is looking to a new kind of immigration diplomacy to engage southeast asia , now taiwan’s second largest export and investment destination .

on may 19 , 2006 , without any prior consultation , bulldozers started to clear farmers’ land in villages in botum sakor and sre ambel district , koh kong province , and forcefully evicted the formal owners : small - farmers who have been living on the land since 1979 ( 1 ) . two months later , the land was awarded to the newly established sugar companies koh kong plantation co . ltd ( kkpc ) and koh kong sugar co . ltd ( kksi ) , both owned by thai ksl group , ve wong corporation of taiwan , and ly yong phat , cambodian ruling party senator and business tycoon . the companies received two adjunct economic land concessions ( elc ) , amounting to 9 , 400ha and 9 , 700ha respectively , to develop industrial sugar plantations and processing factories . the total size of 19 , 100ha exceeds the legal limit of 10 , 000ha per company . in january 2010 , kksi opened a processing factory in sre ambel and six months later export of sugar to uk giant tate & lyle started , who signed a five years contract to buy all sugar output . since 2010 , t & l ; imported 48 , 000 tons of sugar , with an estimated value of 24 million € . the investment was strongly motivated by the european agreement “everything but arms” ( eba ) with least developed countries ( ldc ) such as cambodia , offering them access to the european market without tariffs and at a minimum guaranteed price ; which for sugar has been three times the world - market price ( 2 ) .

the prime example of this dynamism was dainihon sugar manufacturing , which triumphantly exceeded in overcoming the two constraints of management mistakes and late entry . even more , the company succeeded in turning these constraints into business opportunity . it was this dynamism which enabled dainihon to dramatically overcome taiwan sugar manufacturing to capture the top position . indeed , upon facing the most difficult constraints , dainihon implemented the most radical and innovative corporate activities . therefore , it can be said that corporate activities in response to the two constraints of management mistakes and late market entry were the driving force behind the growth of the modern sugar manufacturing industry . in marked contrast , although taiwan sugar manufacturing faced the difficulty associated with initial constraints , the company did not encounter any other major constraints during subsequent business activities and engaged in stable management ; however , its long - term competitive advantage eventually came to an end .

as a book of popular history , “power up taiwan” indeed brought out the fun side of general history writing . the author uses a lot of phrases like “the first” and “the earliest . ” for instance , the first person who uses electric light is liu ming - chuan , and the first water power station in taiwan is gueishan power station , etc . such descriptions easily amaze the readers with the history of taiwan ' s electricity development . for a long time , we were used to viewing the initial period of postwar industrial history—especially the development of government - owned enterprise such as taiwan power company or taiwan sugar corporation—from the “reconstruction” perspective . here , the reconstruction means the reconstructing process for the damage caused by the second - world - war after the japanese were sent back . but as a matter of fact , we knew nearly nothing about the origin of the industry ' s development . the book could exactly mend the discontinuity of this historical gap .

“a study of kangyo bank’s branches in taiwan in 1923” , national science council grant , 2001 .

“the history of the department of economics at national taiwan university , ” 2002 . ( lost )

u . s . navy passes via taiwan strait for many years : u . s . pacific fleet

( 4 ) news article cambodian daily ( feb . 3 , 2015 ) : families to rejoin protests against sugar farms ( accessed 16 / 02 / 2015 ) [ click to view ]

in other words , the true dynamism leading to the growth of the modern sugar manufacturing industry can be seen in the contrast between the two companies . this dynamism is seen in how there were several players that led differentiation , and how the position of those players shifted ; there was also fierce corporate competition embodied by the series of swift response to imitation and improvement ( for example , quality production increases and improvement in the quality of plantation white sugar ) . dynamism was also present in the mutual cooperation of innovative corporate activities among the big four sugar manufacturers who served as key players . these two types of phased dynamism were the main driving force in the growth of the modern sugar manufacturing industry to become the main industry in pre - war japan .

“the process of the capital accumulation in taiwan during the japanese rule” , national science council grant , 1998 .

memory of salt country : taiwan salt enterprise co . , ltd . taipei : national archives administration , 2010 .

the impact of japanese capitalism on taiwan and korea : economic change under imperialism . taipei : boyyoung , 2010 .

another characteristic of this book is that it uses the phrases of modern business management to talk about taiwan ' s electricity development ( p . 101 ) . the description is realistic and profound , with rich and various kinds of information , such as fund raising , costs for business operation , tender information , and so on . the second half of the book talks about the competitive construction bidding process for the sun - moon lake project , and the open offer made by taiwan electric power corporation that caused the trend of stock investment all over taiwan in 1919 . the whole process makes the readers feel like he / she is reading real - time social news . from the author ' s description to the electricity development , we can almost say that the business model , or the operation of capitalism in taiwan , was already established early in the japanese colonial period .

the book also contains heroic phrases in describing some of the important people : from ohkura okoshi , the engineer who created the electric power system in taiwan , or hiroshi nagashige , the technician who combined marketing and engineering together , to motoichirou matsuki , the best manager of the taiwan power company . there is also an annotation at the end of the book , saying “it was the profession , passion and perseverance of the engineers that keep the development of electricity in taiwan moving on . ” during the colonial period , the leaders of different fields in taiwan were no doubt japanese , and they were also the key figures of charge in electricity development . but no matter the form , the perspective of the unequal notion of colonialism or from sts , the grassroots technicians , or even the users , should be regarded as the contributor to electricity evolution . these grass - root figures could also be connected further to the process of electricity recovery in taiwan and the follow - up techniques during the primary stage after the second world war , or the so called “reconstruction period . ” from “the evolution of taiwan electric power corporation” ( taipei : lin pin - yen , 1997 . 3 ) , another book about taiwan power development written by lin pin - yen , we can see the portion and place of taiwanese technicians had in taiwan power company ( p . 172 ) , which exactly retrieves the information that “power up taiwan” lacks . however , lin pin - yen still does not talk about the taiwanese technicians ' ability , characteristics , and also their contribution to the development of electricity in taiwan .

“taiwan’s gold mining under japanese imperialism : literature interpretation and historical research” , gold museum of new taipei city government , 2011 .

“an investigation of the cultural property of taiwan provincial agricultural and industrial enterprise” , national cultural construction committee grant , april 2007 .

“a preliminary study of the tenancy in rice operation between two world wars in taiwan” , national science council grant , 2000 .

longquan village is located to the east of madou district and is bordered by zengwun river to the south . during the japanese occupation , the area included the two hamlets of gouzaiqian and tudouwang . after the second world war ended , the village was renamed longquan village after the village temple of longquan yan . residents of longquan are a simple rustic folk engaged in farming , using the waters of zengwun river to irrigate their orchards of avocado , wendan pomelo , and white pomelo trees . the harvested fruits are then sold throughout taiwan . with industrial and commercial developments , levees along the eastern and western banks as well as longquan village water pump station were constructed to mitigate the flooding of zengwun river . taiwan 19 expressway located to the west is where mashan bridge is located . the expressway serves as a key route for northbound and southbound traffic . the small taiwan sugar corporation train station located in the village has been delegated as a historical landmark , while longquan yan serves as the local center of faith .

1962 the first ibm 650 data processing system in taiwan is installed at the institute of electronics at the national chiao tung university .

“the occurrence and meaning of ‘the camphor problem’ in the beginning of japanese rule in taiwan” , national science council grant , 2000 .

the taichung region branch office strove to gather funds for developing a cultural and educational leisure park with a multifunctional activity area , ecological pond , lotus pond and cherry forest , etc . in addition , the office expected to combine itself with the xihu sugar refinery and local cultural industries that produces grapes , mutton hotpot and other agriculture products . it also attempted to become the best sugar industry historical and cultural attraction site in the central region with a strong focus on tourism and leisure .

“a research on taiwan governor - general office’s management of the financial crisis during the showa reign , national science council grant , 2004 .

“a research on taiwan’s industrialization during the end of japanese colonization ( 1930 - 45 ) ” , national science council grant , 2003 .

the catalogue of taiwan governor - general office documents , vols . 2 - 18 ( 1995 - 2006 ) . japan : yumani shobo

“a study of the historical material of the economic relations in the archives of taiwan governor - general office , ” in a research of the historical material of the archives of taiwan governor - general office , ed . yukio hiyama . japan : yumani shobo ( in japanese )

the bureau of cultural heritage , which was then known as the provisional office of the council for cultural affairs administration and cultural heritage , added the xihu sugar refinery to the reuse project of industrial sites and helped to preserve and activate it for reutilization .

no . 68 , shengchan rd . , east dist . , tainan city 701 , taiwan ( r . o . c . ) (

“the process of formation of taiwan’s salt monopoly policy in the beginning of japanese rule 1895 - 1911” , national science council grant , 1996 .

“the differentiation of technological archives : taiwan tabaco and wine company as an example , ” archive quarterly 4 . 1 ( march 2005 ) .

if the readers are interested in this book , they could also refer to the other related book “the evolution of taiwan electric power corporation . ”“power up taiwan” and “the evolution of taiwan electric power corporation” are the nonofficial books about electric power history in taiwan in the last decade . the prior book is written in the thread of business management and political situation , but lacks technical contents . on the contrary , the latter book is full of technical contents , but they only appear as plain information , without further discussion or analysis . to the reader who does not know much about electric power studies , the book could even be meaningless . looking at the issue from sts point of view , “power up taiwan” talks about the head engineer in sun - moon lake power station arai eikichi , who once created an original pressure - reducing tank that can reduce half of the cost ( p . 91 ) . there is no doubt about the importance of this new technique , but the author edits this information by putting it into an individual frame that obviously makes it an annotation . a lot of research for the history of technology also treated technical contents as “black boxes” or just mentioned them briefly . this tendency shows two possibilities . one is that the author has limited knowledge toward the professional technical contents and is unable to lead further discussion . the other is that the author thought the readers may not be interested in knowing the difficult technical contents , so he simply introduces it briefly . these possibilities could vulgarize the history of technology , and make it fail to gain the recognition of professional communities .

taiwan floriculture exports association urltoken e - mail : tfea8408 @ urltoken tel : 02 - 2331 - 3146 fax : 02 - 2311 - 9336 address : 13 - 4f , no . 41 , sec . 1 jhongsiao w rd . , taipei 100 , taiwan r . o . c .

address：no . 762 , sec . 2 , zhangshui rd . , xihu township , changhua county 51447 , taiwan ( r . o . c . )

the kaleidoscope of blooms that greeted me defied any words to describe them . no wonder that taiwan’s orchid cultivation has been lauded as a runaway success .

“japan’s colonial ruing on taiwan under an unequal treaty , ” journal of social economic history 67 . 4 ( november 2001 ) . ( in japanese )

the european union ( eu ) has supported the sugar industry through the agreement “everything but arms” ( eba ) with least developed countries ( ldc ) such as cambodia . companies operating in cambodia can access the european market without tariffs and at a minimum guaranteed price . for sugar , the minimum guaranteed price has been on average three times the world - market price . while the extent of sugarcane plantations in cambodia was negligible in 2006 , in 2012 it amounted to more than 100 , 000 ha . cambodian sugar exports jumped to 13 . 8 million $ in 2011 , 92 % of which was exported to the eu ( 2 ) . koh kong plantation co . ltd ( kkpc ) and koh kong sugar co . ltd ( kksi ) are both owned by thai ksl group holding 70 % of the shares , as well as by ve wong corporation of taiwan and ly yong phat , a cambodian ruling party senator and business tycoon ( 2 ) . the concession land has been granted under the economic land concession ( elc ) scheme of cambodia , which provides concessions for the development of large - scale agriculture under a lease agreement of up to maximum 99 years . lease agreements are commonly set for 70 years ( see legal elc framework , below ) . both companies received two adjunct economic land concessions ( elc ) , amounting to 9 , 400ha and 9 , 700ha respectively , to develop industrial sugar plantations and processing factories ( 2 ) . the total size of 19 , 100ha exceeds the legal limit of 10 , 000ha per elc ( see legal framework ) . the concession land overlaps with villagers’ land , protected areas , and other concession land . since 2010 , tate & lyle ; imported 48 , 000 tons of sugar from both companies , with an estimated value of 24 million € ( 2 ) . 456 families were dispossessed by the elcs in sre amble district ( 1 ) . based on average household size this corresponds to more than 2 , 100 persons . 1490 ha of farmers land were affected by clearing ( 1 ) . other sources say that families lost 5000 ha of land ( 3 ) . according to the 2001 cambodian land law , the formal land owners are the villagers , since they have been living over 5 years prior on the land area ( see land law framework ) .

the population of the ‘new immigrants’ group , including foreign spouses and their children , is now the fifth largest in taiwan , numbering about 500 , 000 .

based on a resolution achieved at a shareholder meeting on dec . 1 , 1958 , taiwan paper company decided for each of its paper mill to operate independently . however ,

people protest against the sugar companies since 2006 , trying to get back their land and to receive compensations for the losses , however , with little success . supported by ngos , villagers filed formal complaints in cambodia against the involved companies ( july , 2012 ; see ( 1 ) ) , as well as in the uk against tate & lyle ( march 2013 ) , claiming human rights abuse and ownership of the land ( 3 ) . some of the families received 2000 $ as compensation from tate & lyle ( 4 ) , which however cannot replace the lost livelihoods , others are still waiting for any compensation or solutions . in july , 2013 bonsucro , an initiative for responsible and sustainable sugar growing suspended tate & lyle , which refused to cooperate with villagers for the investigation of their complaints ( 3 ) . on behalf of the villagers , ngos further lobbied to revise the eba agreement , underlying the need to investigate its devastating impact on human rights , to which the european union finally agreed ( 5 ) . while the eba agreement was set up to ‘support development’ , on the ground , it produced a sugar rush by providing bonus payments for national and international companies that established a sugar industry at a devastating cost of local communities and the environment .

few people are aware that japan actively sought to use taiwan , a colony of japan as a result of the sino japanese war , as a base for expanding the centrifugal sugar industry , which was one of the main industries in japan prior to world war two . at that time , japan was still in an inferior position compared to western powers . in that respect , successful management of empire of japan’s first colony served as a test of whether it could thrive as an independent nation .

during a recent media familiarisation trip to taiwan at the invitation of the taipei economic and cultural office in malaysia , i had the opportunity to feel the warmth of taiwanese hospitality .

“the innovation of economic development and enterprises : a case study of taiwan’s ic industry and cable tv , ” business review 46 . 3 ( february 1999 ) . ( in japanese )

after its reorganization to become taiwan paper material research institute in the 5th year of the showa period , hagiwara tetsuzou succeeded in producing paper pulp by processing crushed sugarcane with heavy magnesium sulfate . the crushed sugarcane research institute was again turned into taiwan paper co . , ltd . and began to mass - produce white notebook paper and the taiwanese paper industry took a better turn .

taiwan , as its historical name formosa ( from the portuguese ilha formosa , which means beautiful island ) implies , is a gem of an island off the southeastern coast of mainland china .

council of agriculture appeals to the peasantry who produces important agricultural products to register their farmers planted acreage － council of agriculture , executive yuan , r . o . c . ( taiwan )

“a study of land ownership in taiwan during the qing dynasty ( 1683 - 1895 ) , ” economic research 35 ( december 1992 ) , the university of tokyo . ( in japanese )

“land owrners’ capital accumulation in hsinchu hakka area during the japanese colonial period , ” in modern japan and taiwan . institute of social science , chukyo university , 2011 . ( in japanese )

we understand that the market - oriented agricultural production often leads to production imbalance and thus that it is important to know more about the to area of production and output information for government to take measures to tackle this situation . therefore , we deem to promote this reporting system for a limited important products . it shall apply to seven crops : banana , orange , papaya , pineapple , garlic , onion and peanut ; six seafood products : milkfish , tilapia , eel , bass , grouper and clam ; and four livestock products : pork , chicken , taiwan native chicken , and eggs . if needed , coa shall select other agricultural products , after thoroughly evaluation to apply this registration system so that corporation measures can be taken at early stage to deal with the overproduction problem of this product .

“ethnic relations and industrial development ( 2 / 3 ) : taiwan hakka ethnic group in the camphor industry during the japanese rule ( until 1930s ) ” , hakka affairs council grant , 2012 .

“ethnic relations and industrial development ( 1 / 3 ) : taiwan hakka ethnic group in the camphor industry during the japanese rule ( until 1930s ) ” , hakka affairs council grant , 2011 .

the day ended with a bang in yunlin , which is about an hour’s ride from chiayi , where the finale of the nine - day annual taiwan lantern festival drew more than a million spectators .

failing to find private investors to take over luodong factory and lintienshan forest , bank of taiwan took them over with capital partially acquired from other government enterprises . since government shares accounted for more than three quarters ,

to attract even more tourists from asean , beginning last august , taiwan allowed citizens of thailand and brunei visa - free access , extending a policy already in place for asean countries such as malaysia and singapore .

apart from savouring the not - so - cold winter sights and sounds of vibrant taipei , we enjoyed a 90 - minute ride on the taiwan high speed rail that took us to the southern city of chiayi .

jen - shen wu , jun - yu fang , hsin - yi lin ; on power up taiwan . east asian science , technology and society 1 september 2008 ; 2 ( 3 ) : 457–460 . doi : urltoken

the author only spends a short length in discussing the electricity development in taiwan during the 50 years of the japanese colonial period . in addition to the editing arrangement , the book appears to have a comparatively popular writing style . since the book contains incisive analysis and draws a clear image for taiwan ' s electric power evolution , the writing style does not affect its value for academic studies . nevertheless , there are still flaws in some parts of the argument .

copyright © 2018 department of humanities and social sciences / graduate program of ethnicity and culture , college of hakka studies , national chiao tung university taiwan © add . : no . 1 , sec . 1 , liujia 5th rd . , zhubei city , hsinchu county 302 , taiwan ( r . o . c . ) tel : + 886 - 3 - 5131394 fax : + 886 - 3 - 6580677 ( ms . teng ) last update : 2018 . 07

around the 5th year of the showa period ( 1930 ) , under the impact of world recession and the demand brought by japanese government’s aggressive strategy of “industrial immigration , ” taiwan became a forward base for japan . as a result ,

taisugar owns 550 km 2 ( 210 sq mi ) of land in taiwan — 370 km 2 ( 140 sq mi ) are for agricultural purpose and 120 km 2 ( 46 sq mi ) are for contract production . [ 2 ]

a trip to chiayi is not complete without spending a couple of hours at the hinoki village , originally the dormitories of the forestry bureau’s chiayi forest division under the office of the governor - general of taiwan during the japanese occupation between 1895 and 1945 .

this upstart in green power was established last year in response to the new government’s call to push the installed solar capacity to 20gw by 2025 from the present 842mw and to take advantage of taiwan’s position as the world’s second largest manufacturer of solar panels .

diversified development” has already become our operating objective and direction ; “promoting privatization” is an effective way to liberate state - owned enterprises from bureaucratic constraints and to boost competitiveness . with everyone’s effort , we are convinced that we can create a better quality of life for the taiwan people .