invicta bus services was a bus and coach operator in melbourne , australia .

as a melbourne bus company , it operated 16 bus routes under contract to the government of victoria .

invicta bus services

invicta bus services <EOT> by bus arriva and nu - venture run bus services to invicta grammar school .

glassdoor gives you an inside look at what it ' s like to work at invicta bus services , including salaries , reviews , office photos , and more . this is the invicta bus services company profile . all content is posted anonymously by employees working at invicta bus services .

ex ( 223 ) 6018ao grenda ' s bus services , dandenong , victoria .

the survey task was complex due to the combination of school services , urban routes and telebus services . the school runs were interlined with regular route services . school service surveys are extremely sensitive and the process required extensive daily liaison with schools , invicta and ptv .

for the full stories in invicta , join the m & d and east kent bus club now .

mountain gate shopping centre invicta services run via mountain gate shopping centre at 7 . 25am . the after school bus leaves at 4 . 00pm ( junior school five minutes earlier ) . urltoken

as part of the invicta intermodal study , phillip boyle & associates conducted a survey of all urban and school services . the survey covered 22 urban routes and 80 school special services . it also included the invicta telebus services , which required data to be collected at non - designated stops . data for all trips was collected twice . run - time data was collected for in - service and dead running .

ex ( 723 ) 3586ao grenda corporation - invicta , lilydale , victoria ; ex ( 23 ) 3586ao invicta , lilydale , victoria . ex grenda livery .

ex ( 826 ) 5251ao grenda corporation - invicta , lilydale , victoria ; ex ( 126 ) 5251ao invicta , lilydale , victoria . ex grenda livery .

studfield invicta services direct to ringwood station leave yarra valley grammar at approximately 3 . 35pm and 3 . 50pm each day ( junior school five minutes earlier ) . students then take the 665 bus to dandenong station . urltoken

our school is well served by a network of private charters and public bus services from surrounding areas . there are links to both croydon and ringwood railway stations and the school enjoys well - established relationships with the many bus companies that provide services from the areas listed below .

invicta raised an amazing £2276 . 10 for sport relief @ sportreliefsch doing military mayhem ! urltoken

walker invicta ltd 24 king street , stanford - le - hope , essex . ss17 0hl

ringwood station invicta services operate direct to the school leaving ringwood station at approximately 8 . 15am . return buses leave yarra valley grammar at approximately 3 . 35pm and 3 . 50pm each day .

ex ( 804 ) 3568ao , ex ( 104 ) 3568ao , ex ( 104 ) rbt204 invicta bus service , lilydale , victoria .

ex ( 807 ) 3571ao , ex ( 107 ) 3571ao , ex ( 107 ) rbt207 invicta bus service , lilydale , victoria .

in july 1987 invicta purchased morse ' s bus service in devonport , tasmania . this was sold in 1990 . [ 2 ] [ 3 ]

yarra valley grammar offers nine charter bus routes that are run by ventura bus lines .

ex 4486ao , ex 79 , ex ( 91 ) , ex ( 19 ) kus862 grenda coach services livery .

other services to and from yarra valley grammar all bus services listed below travel to and from yarra valley grammar . the afternoon routes are described in some detail . some morning and afternoon routes vary slightly and it is essential to check exact details with the relevant company . contact details for each bus company are provided .

the m & d and east kent bus club has been recording our fleet , and that of our predecssor , maidstone & district motor services , since 1952 .

wonga park invicta services run via luther college , yarra road , jumping creek road , homestead road , brushy park road , lyons road , exeter road ( terminates ) . the after school bus leaves at 3 . 55pm ( junior school five minutes earlier ) . urltoken

ex croydon bus service pty ltd , t / a invicta united bus services , lilydale , vic ( 55 ) ait 104 - / 82 ; ex keiraville bus service , wollongong m / o 6239 - / 78 ; import ex oldham , uk ( 176 ) obu176f . sold to deanes coaches ( south ) pty ltd 3 / 7 / 89 as m / o 871 ; subsequently withdrawn .

find out what to do if you leave something on the bus , find something on the bus or are concerned about a suspicious package on the bus .

members and others wishing to post photos and discuss the local bus scene , may wish to register to join the invicta e - group , an independent forum for both current and historical topics .

on 18 june 2018 invicta hosted the annual primary speaks competition . year 5 pupils from local schools joined a team of invicta students to develop the skills needed in the art of public speaking . the standard was very high the eventual winner was lara from loose primary school . urltoken

invicta was acquired by the grenda corporation in march 2009 . [ 4 ] it was included in the sale of grenda corporation to ventura bus lines in november 2011 . [ 5 ] [ 6 ]

ex 4487ao , ex ( 4 ) kro220 ex ( 20 ) kro220 southland bus service , vic . southland bus service livery

ex 4480ao , ex ( 11 ) lal023 ex ( 23 ) lal023 southland bus service , vic . southland bus service livery

the real schools guide 2018 has invicta grammar school listed as the number 8 school nationally and the number 2 school in kent and medway . @ realschools1 urltoken

with the arriva bus app you can find the time of the next bus , the nearest bus stop , how get somewhere . get all the information you need in the palm of your hand .

ex 214ism ( qld ) l . t . d . bus rentals , ashmore , qld via rodd hood bus & coach sales .

sold to tweed bus service south tweed heads , nsw as ( 49 ) mo 0845 - / 84 ; then to interline ( ingleburn bus services pty ltd ) , macquarie fields , nsw as ( 61 ) m / o 4484 - / 88 ; converted to a motorhome and noted for sale in 2009 .

transdev melbourne originally took over the operation of 52 routes spanning melbourne ' s metropolitan area , separated into three groups : 40 eastern routes , nine western routes and three smartbus orbital routes . it also operates 122 school bus services across metropolitan melbourne .

congratulations to all of the nominees who attended the annual invicta awards event last night , and to our speakers , former student katie andrews and athlete lina nielson . urltoken

ex ( 58 ) 4750ao peninsula bus lines , seaford , victoria ; ex ( 58 ) 4750ao grenda ' s bus service , dandenong , victoria .

tassielink transit separated from the invicta group in 2001 . it is wholly owned within the john usher extended family , carrying on a family tradition of coach operation which began in 1947 .

ex ( 102 ) 3656ao ventura bus lines , monbulk , victoria ; ex ( 56 ) 3656ao u . s . bus lines , monbulk , victoria .

at ventura we understand the need for safe and reliable services as such we now feature live tracking for many of our school routes ! for live tracking , timetables or route information please click the link below .

ex ( 212 ) 6054ao grenda ' s bus service , dandenong , victoria .

the club also records details of the other main bus company in kent , stagecoach south east , and of all other bus and coach companies in the area .

a group of excited year 5 students attended invicta grammar school to partake in a first aid workshop , which was led by chris hills , a first aid trainer at pulse first aid . @ pulsefirstaid urltoken

. melbourne : bus & coach society of victoria . 1991 . p . 13 .

ex ( 272 ) 6938ao grenda corporation - grenda bus service , dandenong , victoria .

ex ( 313 ) 2405ao peninsula bus lines , seaford , victoria . ex grenda livery

ex ( 3 ) 3603ao u . s . bus lines , monbulk , victoria .

ex ( 11 ) 3611ao u . s . bus lines , monbulk , victoria .

ex ( 72 ) 6072ao u . s . bus lines , monbulk , victoria .

ex ( 79 ) 6088ao u . s . bus lines , monbulk , victoria .

ex ( 91 ) 3691ao u . s . bus lines , monbulk , victoria .

ex ( 64 ) 3664ao u . s . bus lines , monbulk , victoria .

ex ( 46 ) 0546ao u . s . bus lines , monbulk , victoria .

ex belmore - lakemba bus service m / o 5648 - / 73 . withdrawn .

sold to tweed bus service , west tweed heads - / 88 as ( 44 ) mo 9723 ; then to surfside bus lines , west tweed heads - / 93 .

transdev melbourne is an australian bus operator in melbourne operating a fleet of over 500 buses on 45 routes . it commenced operations in august 2013 , taking over all melbourne bus link and national bus company routes , as well three smartbus routes . it operates approximately 30 % of melbourne ' s bus network . it is a subsidiary of transdev australasia .

if you ' re interested in arriva ' s buses in south east england then you can keep up to date with changes to our vehicles and services by subscribing to one of the enthusiast societies that record all the details each month .

as well as the monthly ' invicta ' magazine , the club produces publications covering current and historical subjects , holds local meetings where members can get together to see slide shows and talk about the latest developments , runs day tours to places of bus interest and has an extensive range of photographs for sale .

hover your mouse over the bus symbol to show address and the expected time of arrival .

ex ( 7 ) 4607ao , euv412 grenda ' s bus service , dandenong , victoria .

ex 001gzf ( qld ) coastlands coaches , maroochydore , qld via used bus sales australia .

ex ( 317 ) 4436ao peninsula bus lines , seaford , victoria . ex grenda livery .

ex ( 495 ) 4435ao peninsula bus lines , seaford , victoria . ex grenda livery .

" phillip boyle consistently provided a high level of expertise , advice and management of the scheduling process . his strong technical skills and thorough understanding of transport operations were major assets to the provision of the olympic and paralympic games transportation services . "

invicta held a year 10 careers education day which began with an assembly introducing students to the event and providing them with an outline of what to expect from the careers education and guidance curriculum over the coming years . urltoken

as at april 2014 the fleet consisted of 97 buses . [ 7 ] invicta ' s buses were painted in a fawn and orange livery that was later superseded by a white , yellow and red livery . it has since adopted the standard white with red and yellow flashes of grenda corporation . no invicta buses were ever painted in ventura ' s blue livery , although new buses were delivered in the later white ventura livery prior to the ptv branding .

" having worked with phillip boyle over many years i can say without a doubt he provides industry - leading expertise in the planning , scheduling and operation of public transportation services . his recent work on the advanced transit scheduling manual reinforced this view . "

ex ( t317 ) , ex ( 139 ) , ex frw139 , ex fko139 . training bus

ex ( 13 ) 2813ao ivanhoe bus company , heidelberg west , victoria . ex ivanhoe livery .

ex ( 14 ) 2814ao ivanhoe bus company , heidelberg west , victoria . ex ivanhoe livery .

ex ( 2 ) 2802ao ivanhoe bus company , heidelberg west , victoria . ex ivanhoe livery .

ex ( 28 ) 6028ao ivanhoe bus company , heidelberg west , victoria . ex ivanhoe livery .

ex ( 29 ) 7329ao ivanhoe bus company , heidelberg west , victoria . ex ivanhoe livery .

ex ( 3 ) 2803ao ivanhoe bus company , heidelberg west , victoria . ex ivanhoe livery .

ex ( 30 ) 7330ao ivanhoe bus company , heidelberg west , victoria . ex ivanhoe livery .

ex ( 4 ) 2804ao ivanhoe bus company , heidelberg west , victoria . ex ivanhoe livery .

ex ( 7 ) 2807ao ivanhoe bus company , heidelberg west , victoria . ex ivanhoe livery .

ex ( 8 ) 2808ao ivanhoe bus company , heidelberg west , victoria . ex ivanhoe livery .

croydon bus service owned by bill wilson commenced in may 1936 between croydon and north croydon . in december 1947 clem usher purchased the business . the business expanded with the purchase of ringwood bus service in may 1952 , a turner in 1968 , adams bus service in january 1979 . [ 1 ]

on 19 june 2018 the year 8 invicta rounders’ team were crowned the maidstone district champions at cornwallis academy after a successful run of form . the team are unbeaten this season and have been very impressive in both batting and fielding . urltoken

ex ( 209 ) 4673ao grenda ' s bus service , dandenong , victoria . ex grenda livery .

ex ( 210 ) 5937ao grenda ' s bus service , dandenong , victoria . ex grenda livery .

ex ( 214 ) 5936ao grenda ' s bus service , dandenong , victoria . ex grenda livery .

ex ( 216 ) 5938ao grenda ' s bus service , dandenong , victoria . ex grenda livery .

ex ( 414 ) 4414ao ventura bus lines , dandenong , victoria ; ex ( 414 ) 4414ao , ex ( 14 ) 4414ao , ex ( 14 ) euv415 peninsula bus lines , seaford , victoria .

ex ( 76 ) mo 8 . 076 ( nt ) darwin bus service , darwin , nt .

sold to tweed bus service , west tweed heads - / 88 as ( 45 ) mo 0144 ; then to surfside bus lines , west tweed heads - / 93 as ( 526 ) mo 0144 .

arriva buses run in most uk towns and regions . we operate in the north west , north east , yorkshire , wales , the midlands , beds and bucks , herts and essex and kent and surrey . select your region to see what services operate in your area .

ex ( 215 ) 4756ao grenda ' s bus service , dandenong , victoria . ex grenda livery , .

ex ( 471 ) 4471ao b43d , ex ( 71 ) exp226 peninsula bus lines , seaford , victoria .

ex 4485ao , ex ( 27 ) knv427 ex rand , hastings , vic . peninsula bus lines livery .

ex ( 90 ) mo 8 . 090 ( nt ) ab72d darwin bus service , darwin , nt .

ex ( 91 ) mo 8 . 091 ( nt ) ab72d darwin bus service , darwin , nt .

ex ( 9 ) 2809ao , ex ( 9 ) ovb852 ivanhoe bus company , heidelberg west , victoria .

ex ( 4 ) 7860ao u . s . bus lines , monbulk , victoria . ex ventura livery .

ex ( 8 ) 7861ao u . s . bus lines , monbulk , victoria . ex ventura livery .

ex ( 9 ) 7872ao u . s . bus lines , monbulk , victoria . ex ventura livery .

in 1997 the company purchased and amalgamated trc travel and tigerline coaches with tasmanian wilderness travel . in 1999 we added the port arthur , west coast , east coast and huon services from hobart coaches . later acquisitions include the service between cressy , longford and launceston ( october 2005 ) .

the introduction of new operating contracts in january 2008 has provided the means and incentive to invest in new vehicles , and develop routes and timetables , improving the transport options for the communities we serve . these changes have led to significant and continuing patronage improvement on most of our services .

congratulations to jasmine 11i and amelia 11v , both have achieved 100 % attendance for the 5 years that they have been at invicta grammar school . in recognition of this amazing achievement , the girls have been awarded a platinum attendance certificate and @ waterstones gift cards .

ex ( 80 ) 4483ao ( v / line livery ) grenda ' s bus service , dandenong , victoria .

ex ( 2 ) 3602ao u . s . bus lines , monbulk , victoria . ex u . s livery

ex ( 12 ) 3612ao u . s . bus lines , monbulk , victoria . ex u . s livery

ex ( 69 ) 3669ao u . s . bus lines , monbulk , victoria . ex u . s livery

five invicta girls and ponies competed at felbridge in showjumping and dressage . all girls did very well but a particular well done to niamh , alice and katie who formed a team in the 60cm grassroots competition and finished in 2nd place , next the grassroots national championships urltoken

on 18 june the invicta over 60’s club met at mote park for a picnic , which culminated in strawberries and cream . the weather held out and was very sunny in the afternoon for lawn games such as boules and croquet . everyone had a great time ! urltoken

after school hours – students should catch national bus 380 to croydon station . buses leave only from croydon station , olinda tourist road or boronia station . ( ring the mt dandenong bus company for more information on 9723 3529 ) . urltoken

ex ( 38 ) ; ex ( 80 ) 4680ao , exp255 grenda ' s bus service , dandenong , victoria .

ex ( 39 ) ; ex ( 86 ) 4686ao , exp260 grenda ' s bus service , dandenong , victoria .

ex ( 1 ) 3601ao u . s . bus lines , monbulk , victoria . ex u . s livery .

ex ( 20 ) 3620ao u . s . bus lines , monbulk , victoria . ex u . s livery .

ex ( 22 ) 3622ao , ex ( 22 ) pww377 u . s . bus lines , belgrave , victoria .

ex ( 29 ) 3629ao , ex ( 29 ) nsu544 u . s . bus lines , belgrave , victoria .

ex ( 43 ) 3643ao , ex ( 43 ) ffm798 u . s . bus lines , belgrave , victoria .

ex ( 979 ) 8261ao . displayed at the 2011 australian bus & coach show in sydney . ex ventura livery .

" phillip boyle & associates has supported the development of the smartbus program through the planning and implementation phases . in particular on route 901 and 902 he developed the timetable and worked with the multiple bus operators to create scheduling solutions for implementation . this included not only creating the vehicle runs and crew shifts but also development of information for the systems that support smartbus technologies . in each case implementation went very smoothly and high levels of scheduling efficiency were achieved . phillip’s operational expertise and ability to successfully work with the bus operators involved was critical to the successful implementation of these services . "

ex ( 20 ) 8116ao . ordered by ivanhoe bus lines , but delivered after the takeover by ventura . ex ivanhoe livery .

ex ( 6 ) 7954ao . ordered by ivanhoe bus lines , but delivered after the takeover by ventura . ex ivanhoe livery .

ex ( 63 ) 4663ao , ex ( 63 ) qls313 grenda ' s bus service , dandenong , victoria . ex grenda livery .

ex ( 65 ) 4665ao , ex ( 65 ) qls341 grenda ' s bus service , dandenong , victoria . ex grenda livery .

ex ( 423 ) 4423ao , ex ( 23 ) 4423ao , ex ( 23 ) ffm799 peninsula bus lines , seaford , victoria .

ex ( 472 ) 4472ao , ex ( 72 ) 4472ao , ex ( 72 ) pex072 peninsula bus lines , seaford , victoria .

ex ( 5 ) 2805ao , ex ( 5 ) qgg007 ivanhoe bus company , heidelberg west , victoria . . ex ivanhoe livery .

ex ( 491 ) 1651ao ; ex ( 501 ) 1651ao , ex ( 501 ) oby785 national bus company , north fitzroy , victoria .

transdev melbourne operate from five depots , with two satellite depots . the eastern network ( former national bus company ) operates out of depots in

ex ( 358 ) 6940ao ventura bus lines , rosebud , victoria ; ex ( 358 ) 6940ao grenda corporation - portsea passenger service , victoria .

ex ( 35 ) 3635ao , ex ( 35 ) pci074 u . s . bus lines , belgrave , victoria . ex u . s livery

a national bus company service ( 380 ) leaves ringwood station and travels to yarra valley grammar . the school stop for both inward and outward trips is the roundabout at the intersection of plymouth and kalinda roads . exact routes and timetables for this service are available from the national bus company . urltoken

you can find out more about the history of the maidstone & district and east kent bus companies that gave our club its name by clicking here .

ex ( 34 ) 3634ao , ex ( 34 ) ovb890 u . s . bus lines , belgrave , victoria . ex u . s livery .

this is a historic listing of vehicles owned and operated by hadfield ' s bus lines - engadine ( as at 3 / 7 / 89 ) .

croydon station a national bus company service ( 380 ) leaves croydon station and travels to yarra valley grammar . the school stop for both inward and outward trips is the roundabout at the intersection of plymouth and kalinda roads . exact routes and timetables for this service are available from the national bus company . urltoken

ex ( 650 ) mo 5410 busways , north coast , nsw ; ex ( 190 ) mo 5410 king brothers bus group , north coast , nsw .

find out about the fascinating past of your local bus company . you may be surprised to find just how long we’ve been a part of your local community .

sold to branxton bus service as mo 9501 ; then to macquarie towns coach lines , windsor as m / o 7520 ; then to jones bros bus company , lithgow as mo 9498 via auction 15 / 3 / 88 ; then to mersey , devenport , tas as dh 9192 ; and for sale by 1 / 00 .

the m & d and east kent bus club was formed in 1952 and aims to bring together those interested in the road passenger transport of kent and east sussex .

arriva uk bus is part of the arriva group , which is owned by deutsche bahn . find out more about the arriva group and how we fit into it .

ex 4625ao , ex ( 25 ) 4625ao , aoq951 grenda ' s bus service , dandenong , vic . - ex volvo and / or volgren demonstrator unit . grenda livery

ex ( 30 ) 3630ao u . s . bus lines , belgrave , victoria ; ex ( 112 ) 0112ac , ex qls310 australian coach travel , highett , victoria .

ex ( 31 ) 3631ao u . s . bus lines , belgrave , victoria ; ex ( 114 ) 0114ac , ex qls311 australian coach travel , highett , victoria .

ex ( 32 ) ; ex tv2420 ( nsw ) king brothers bus group , north coast , nsw ; ex tv2420 ( nsw ) great lakes coaches , heatherbrae , nsw .

our modern buses are fitted with all the latest gadgets required to ensure a safe , smooth and comfortable trip . with multiple buses to choose from there is a bus for every price and any occasion .

ex ( 479 ) 4659ao , ( 79 ) 4659ao , ( 79 ) ocu059 portsea passenger service , rosebud , victoria ; ex ( 59 ) ocu059 grenda ' s bus service , dandenong , victoria .

purchasing bus tickets or topping - up your m - ticket account is now easier than ever - do it at your local shops next time you drop in for milk or to pick up a paper .

mount dandenong mt dandenong bus via luther college , maroondah highway , croydon road , lincoln road , dorset road , mt dandenong road to montrose roundabout . buses connect to ferny creek via mt dandenong tourist road .

ex ( 331 ) 5611ao ventura bus lines , rosebud , victoria ; ex ( 331 ) 5611ao grenda corporation - portsea passenger service , rosebud , victoria ; ex ( 220 ) vv38fc britz tours , australia .

sold to lyrebird coaches , milton as mo 9282 ; the to kellam ' s bus service , ulladulla as mo 9282 ; reseated from to rb57f ; then rereg 3873 mo ; de - reg 17 / 2 / 10 .

sold to deanes coaches ( south ) pty ltd 3 / 7 / 89 as m / o 7265 and later adopted the southtrans name and fleet number ( 65 ) ; then sold to road runner tours ( r warry ) , wangi wangi as m / o 7265 by 2 / 93 , then with runs to toronto bus service pty ltd t / a morisset bus service , morisset as m / o 7265 - withdrawn early - 2003 & sold for a motorhome by the end of 2003 .

this service commences at aquarena on williamsons road and operates via george street , doncaster road , tunstall square , mitcham road to harrison street , mitcham then direct to yarra valley grammar . the after school bus leaves from 3 . 40 pm ( junior school five minutes earlier ) .

sold to shoalhaven heads bus service ( mj & ja forde ) , nowra as mo 0329 ; then to mcdonald , armidale as mo 2187 - / 94 ; then to mccosker ' s , inverell as ( 1 ) mo 2187 and renumbered 1351 mo by - / 09 .

this service commences in andersons creek road at the corner of landscape drive and operates via heidelberg - warrandyte road , yarra street and ringwood - warrandyte road arriving at yarra valley grammar at 8 . 15am . the after school bus leaves from 3 . 40 pm ( junior school five minutes earlier ) .

you can buy a selection of tickets on your arriva bus , from single tickets , to weekly saver . please try to remember to have the correct far as the drivers may not always have change and then all you need to do is find a seat , sit back and enjoy your journey .

this service commences at king street and blackburn road and operates via king street , lynwood parade , high street , james street , james street shops , foote street , reynolds road , park road and knees road to yarra valley grammar . the after school bus leaves from 3 . 40pm ( junior school five minutes earlier ) .

sold to deanes coaches ( south ) pty ltd 3 / 7 / 89 as m / o 7469 and later adopted the southtrans name and fleet number ( 83 ) ; sold to rover motors pty ltd , cessnock as ( 1 ) mo 4383 by 7 / 93 ; then to ap & jp king , king bros bus service kempsey pty ltd as ( 248 ) mo 4383 3 / 03 ; then to busways north coast pty ltd , kempsey as ( 629 ) mo 4383 3 / 10 / 03 ; renumbered 5566 mo 1 / 09 ; then sold to kurnell bus lines ( nsw ) p / l ( skennar ' s ) as 5566 mo 1 / 09 .

sold to deanes coaches ( south ) pty ltd 3 / 7 / 89 as m / o 789 and later adopted the southtrans name and fleet number ( 85 ) ; sold to rover motors pty ltd , cessnock ( 3 ) mo 0090 by 10 / 94 , rereg m / o 0090 , and then to ap & jp king , king bros bus service kempsey pty ltd as ( 174 ) m / o 0090 3 / 03 ; resold with business to busways north coast pty ltd , kempsey as ( 628 ) m / o 0090 3 / 10 / 03 and renumbered 5565 mo 1 / 09 ; resold to collins bus service ( allen collins ) , wauchope as 5565 mo 1 / 09 .

sold to deanes coaches ( south ) pty ltd 3 / 7 / 89 as m / o 7526 and later adopted the southtrans name and fleet number ( 84 ) ; sold to rover motors pty ltd , cessnock as ( 12 ) mo 5705 by 7 / 93 ; then to ap & jp king , king bros bus service kempsey pty ltd as ( 242 ) mo 5705 3 / 03 ; then to busways north coast pty ltd , kempsey as ( 630 ) 5705 mo 3 / 10 / 03 ; renumbered 5567 mo 1 / 09 ; then to kurnell bus lines ( nsw ) p / l ( skennar ' s ) as 5567 mo 1 / 09 ; de - registered and stored by 1 / 12 .

ex calabro , bonnyrigg ( unused ) ; ex pier one courtesy bus , sydney m / o 655 ; ex urban transit authority ( 3740 ) . sold to deanes coaches ( south ) pty ltd 3 / 7 / 89 as m / o 7906 ; then sold for a mobile home , palm beach as rfx 444 ; then to qld as 290 bbx .

this service commences at 36 kangaroo ground / warrandyte road and operates via graham road kangaroo ground , main road eltham , research warrandyte road , warranwood road and kalinda road , arriving at yarra valley grammar at approximately 8 . 10am . the after school bus leaves from 3 . 40pm ( junior school five minutes earlier ) . the pm route travels the same roads but in an alternate sequence .

this service commences in high street , just west of gallaghers road , glen waverley and operates via glen waverley train station , springvale road , hawthorn road , terrara road , canterbury road , heatherdale road , deep creek road , loughnan road , warrandyte road and wonga road arriving at yarra valley grammar at 8 . 06am . the after school bus leaves from 3 . 40pm ( junior school five minutes earlier ) .

ex urban transit authority ( 1520 ) . sold to deanes coaches ( south ) pty ltd 3 / 7 / 89 as m / o 7136 and later adopted the southtrans name and fleet number ( 15 ) ; then to westlink , regents park as m / o 7136 6 / 90 then re - reg m / o 8186 ; then to crossley bus lines , chester hill as m / o 8186 .

sold to deanes coaches ( south ) pty ltd 3 / 7 / 89 as m / o 4267 and later adopted the southtrans name and fleet number ( 26 ) ; then to thompson , strathpine , qld as ( 53 ) 053 gjt , then ( 33 ) 033 gjt and resold to red & white bus service , sandgate , qld as ( 6 ) 839 htq ; then re - sold for a motorhome .

ex urban transit authority ( 3999 ) . sold to deanes coaches ( south ) pty ltd 3 / 7 / 89 as m / o 7272 and later adopted the southtrans name and fleet number ( 11 ) ; then on - sold to westlink , regents park as m / o 7272 6 / 90 ; and with runs to crossley bus lines as m / o 7272 ; then resold to green ' s northern coaches , thirroul as m / o 7272 and later scrapped .

html public " - / / w3c / / dtd xhtml 1 . 0 transitional / / en " " urltoken "

in 1989 we started developing both the product and the marketing direction of the company . the company “tasmanian wilderness travel” became a well - recognised operator in the tasmanian nature based tourism area , with an influence far greater than its size would indicate .

in 1997 tasmanian wilderness travel was the very proud recipient of three awards at the tasmanian tourism awards . in 1998 we repeated our success in the awards . in 1999 twt was inducted into the hall of fame , having won awards for three years in succession . in 2000 and 2001 tasmanian tours and travel won another award . further awards were added to this impressive list in 2003 and 2004 . we won again in 2005 , and again have been inducted into the hall of fame .

© 2010 tasmanian tours & travels ( fleet ) pty ltd . all rights reserved

for inquiries related to this message please contact support . for sales inquiries , please visit urltoken

if you believe this to be in error , please confirm below that you are not a robot by clicking " i ' m not a robot " below .

please make sure your browser supports javascript and cookies and that you are not blocking them from loading . for more information you can review the terms of service and cookie policy .

knox city council acknowledges the traditional custodians of the city of knox , the wurundjeri and bunurong people of the kulin nation .

glassdoor will not work properly unless browser cookie support is enabled . learn how to enable cookies .

explore the many benefits of having a premium branded profile on glassdoor , like increased influence and advanced analytics .

changes won ' t be saved until you sign up for an enhanced profile subscription .

copyright © 2008–2018 , glassdoor , inc . " glassdoor " and logo are proprietary trademarks of glassdoor , inc .

get this page going by posting a review . it only takes a second , and your review is anonymous .

glassdoor has millions of jobs plus salary information , company reviews , and interview questions from people on the inside making it easy to find a job that’s right for you .

a major component of the survey was the collection of data about passenger transfers between buses and trains , which we completed for every trip . the matrix provided to ptv was used to support transport planning .

phillip boyle & associates conducted a follow - up survey ( post - implementation ) to assess changes to patronage and passenger connections .

the high number of transfers between buses and trains made tracking difficult and it was essential to provide ptv with accurate and comprehensive data about transfers as it would underpin future network planning .

the process of managing survey staff and getting them to remote locations and schools was also challenging .

" phillip boyle & associates provided outstanding expertise in assisting sydney ferries with development of its successful operating bid , driving the development of a range of “outside the box” options aimed at improving service quality and increasing efficiency levels . phillip boyle’s combination of technical operations capabilities and commercial experience provided sydney ferries with significant benefits during this process . "

" a highly successful implementation has been achieved , complete with substantial network changes and a complete rewriting of all operating timetables . during the scheduling process phillip boyle & associates worked closely with both translink and ourselves to achieve the best possible outcomes . as a result the operation has been made simpler and substantially more robust . implementation was helped significantly by phillip boyle’s operational planning and scheduling expertise . "

" phillip boyle provided scheduling support for brisbane transport over several projects spanning almost ten years . the range of projects he has assisted with cover the scheduling , planning and human resources disciplines . in that time he has demonstrated high levels of scheduling , planning and operations expertise . i look forward to working with phillip boyle & associates in the future and would highly recommend them to an organisation looking for planning , operations or scheduling expertise . "

with 32 million customers , ventura carries more than five times the victorian population every year .

from monday 16 july 2018 , the 2 : 19pm trip from box hill to southland will now depart box hill at 2 : 26pm , and arrive at southland at 3 : 43pm .

are you interested in sampling some of the finest food and quality wines that australia has to offer ? well your in luck ! the melbourne food and wine festival will be returning .

congratulations sophie 7v who took part in a weightlifting competition @ pegasusgymclub in june . it was the first time she had competed , it was all about technique and sophie managed to score 40 out of 52 and she was awarded her certificate by commonwealth gymnast courtney tulley urltoken

well done to lauren 7s who competed at the same competition as amber . she performed two solo dances with a routine , canasta and then a duo with her friend rosie doing a collegiate and olympic foxtrot . lauren didn’t place in her solo event but came 2nd in her duo . congratulations ! urltoken

congratulations to amber 8n who belongs to kent artistic roller dance club kardc . their annual roller dance competition on 1 july 2018 and amber danced in a team event with 3 other girls called kent little mix . kent little mix were placed 1st ! ! urltoken

well done to hannah 7s who competed in the @ bewlwater aquathon 1 july 2018 , having to swim 250m in the reservoir before completing a 2km run . she led from the start and was the first girl in her age group to finish as well as the first finisher overall in the 11 - 12 year group . urltoken

the theme of the week : be knowledgeable about the arts and media . assemblies and tutor time will be based on the theme .

after a gruelling selection progress we are delighted to announce that maddie in 7a has been selected to join the squad for the kent schools’ u14 girls football team ! well done maddie . urltoken

our new year 7 have had a great taster day today , making new friends and experiencing lessons here , whilst finding their way around . we look forward to welcoming them back in september . urltoken

year 9 art and photography students are using their thinking skills to spark ideas for their exciting new project . they are enthusiastic about their mini summer sketchbooks to research and explore before returning as year 10 to experiment and refine their creative ideas further . urltoken

well done to year 10 student daisy who has been selected by gchq to be part of their elite cyber security team in a workshop in the summer . urltoken

year 11 students celebrated the end of the exam season at the barnyard in upchurch . the prom committee spent months meticulously planning a truly special evening for the year group and all their hard work paid off on the night ! the girls looked very elegant in their gowns . urltoken

well done alex in 12g and joelle in 12n who took part in a triathlon on 23 june to raise money for haematology cancer care . they raised over £600 and came 2nd and 3rd for their age group , it was their first triathlon ! it was at leeds castle , a 750m swim , 29km cycle and a 5km run . urltoken

congratulations to isabel in 7t who competed in the kent advanced floor and vault championships on sunday , 24 june 2018 placing 5th . well done isabel . urltoken

i feel most free when… by 9i no one telling me what to do , say , think or act , the moment where your life becomes a slow - motion scene – the character’s sudden revelation that life’s too short , you’ve got to be happy . # nationalwritingday # writeaway urltoken

the theme of the week : reflect upon science and technology . assemblies and tutor time will be based on the theme and there will be various stem activities taking place .

i feel most free when… by 8i - i feel most free when away from civilisation . i feel most free when i’m united with my family , # nationalwritingday # writeaway

i feel most free when… by 8i - i feel most free when i run and skip in an open land of grass . i feel most free when i see the stars in the sky and the phases of the moon , i feel most free when i close my eyes , i feel most free in my deepest dreams ;

applications are now open for young persons travel pass 2018 / 19 . it is very important you apply on or before friday , 13 july 2018 to ensure the passes arrive in time for the start of term in september 2018 . urltoken urltoken

students from year 9 and 10 aspire group recently attended oxford and cambridge universities . both visits were very inspiring for the students . in oxford the group were the hosts of st hugh’s college and in cambridge , were hosted by queen’s college . urltoken

from the english department for national writing day : “that’s when i feel most free . the black ink on the pages twists and turns , loops and curls , unfurling to open to…a day in paris , the promise of your dreams becoming a reality . ” # nationalwritingday # writeaway

congratulations to isabelle in 8n and jessica in 7v who recently competed in the women’s artistic gymnastics kent twin piece competition held in gravesend . urltoken

well done to amber in 9i who has been asked to take part in the mall and horse guards parade with the royal air force in london on tuesday , 10 july 2018 to celebrate 100 years of the royal air force .

the theme of the week : be inquiring about internationalism , religion and culture . assemblies and tutor time will be based on the theme .

by train there are three train stations in maidstone , check the national rail website for up to date train times .

html public " - / / w3c / / dtd html 4 . 01 transitional / / en " " urltoken "

the source code for the wiki 2 extension is being checked by specialists of the mozilla foundation , google , and apple . you could also do it yourself at any point in time .

would you like wikipedia to always look as professional and up - to - date ? we have created a browser extension .

it will enhance any encyclopedic page you visit with the magic of the wiki 2 technology .

i use wiki 2 every day and almost forgot how the original wikipedia looks like .

of perfecting techniques ; in live mode . quite the same wikipedia . just better .

grenda announcement 18 / 11 / 2011 archived 2 may 2013 at the wayback machine . grenda corporation 18 november 2011

this page was last edited on 12 april 2017 , at 11 : 37 .

basis of this page is in wikipedia . text is available under the cc by - sa 3 . 0 unported license . non - text media are available under their specified licenses . wikipedia® is a registered trademark of the wikimedia foundation , inc . wiki 2 is an independent company and has no affiliation with wikimedia foundation .

young person ' s travel pass , po box 441 , aylesford , me6 9hj .

the club caters for all those interested in the vehicles and general operations of arriva , stagecoach , and other operators in most of kent and neighbouring parts of east sussex ( including hastings and bexhill ) .

click here to view circular number c . 66 issued may 2018 regarding your personal information .

- changes to maidstone park and ride : pay to park , and concessionary passes no longer valid .

- more details on the june changes at stagecoach - the finer implications start to become clear .

- kings ferry start operation on the ouibus network ; five coaches set to appear in their colours .

yarra valley grammar is located in ringwood , in the eastern suburbs of melbourne , australia .

the school is a single - campus , co - educational independent school set on 29 hectares of grounds overlooking the yarra valley and picturesque dandenong ranges .

this service commences at ferntree gully station then operates via boronia road , scoresby road , burwood highway to knox city sc , stud road , wantirna road , canterbury road , great ryrie street , bedford road , dublin road to yarra valley grammar . click here for further details

/ about - yarra / img / george - woord - performing - header . jpg

/ curriculum - and - programs / img / curriculum - programs - header . jpg

/ curriculum - and - programs / img / digital - learning - header . jpg

/ about - yarra / img / early - learning - centre - header . jpg

/ curriculum - and - programs / img / elc - program - header . jpg

/ images / new - images / img - banner - inner - 1 . jpg

/ curriculum - and - programs / img / hearing - unit - header . jpg

/ curriculum - and - programs / img / individual - learning - header . jpg

/ curriculum - and - programs / img / junior - school - header . jpg

/ curriculum - and - programs / img / middle - school - header . jpg

/ curriculum - and - programs / img / spiritual - learning - header . jpg

/ curriculum - and - programs / img / student - wellbeing - header . jpg

html public " - / / w3c / / dtd html 4 . 01 / / en " " urltoken "

the following list is of known buses both current and those previously operated by ventura group .

ex ( 331 ) , ex pzz963 ; ex ( 31 ) pzz963 mount dandenong passenger service , croydon , victoria .

ex ( 204 ) 4741ao cardinia transit , pakenham , victoria . ex grenda livery .

ex ( 222 ) 6016ao grenda corporation - cardinia transit , pakenham , victoria .

ex ( 4 ) 2404ao , ooz292 frankston passenger service , frankston , victoria .

ex 2407ao , ex ( 7 ) 2407ao , frm489 ( or 849 ? ) , crv457 frankston passenger service , frankston , vic . frankston passenger service livery .

ex ( 10 ) 2410ao , pww304 frankston passenger service , frankston , victoria . ex grenda livery .

ex ( 12 ) 2412ao , qzf110 frankston passenger service , frankston , victoria . ex grenda livery .

ex ( 2 ) 0171ao , ple035 blue ridge coaches , rosebud , victoria ; ex start , tyabb , victoria .

ex ( 7 ) 2177ao blue ridge coaches , rosebud , victoria ; ex 0405so old tyabb coaches , tyabb , victoria .

ex ( 456 ) 4456ao b47d , ex ( 56 ) nhm387 portsea passenger service , rosebud , victoria .

ex ( 461 ) 4461ao b47d , ex ( 61 ) nhm395 grenda corporation - portsea passenger service , rosebud , victoria .

ex ( 565 ) 4565ao , ex ( 65 ) epc965 moorabbin transit , moorabbin , victoria .

ex ( 585 ) 4553ao moorabbin transit , moorabin , victoria . ex grenda livery .

ex ( 605 ) 0676ao ; ex ( 24 ) 0676ao , ex ( 24 ) plq 024 nuline charter / bayside coaches , moorabbin , victoria .

ex ( 27 ) 1227ao nuline charter / bayside coaches , moorabbin , victoria .

ex ( 85 ) 3555ao , ex ( 85 ) prl588 . ex grenda livery .

ex ( 87 ) 3557ao , ex ( 87 ) prl590 . ex grenda livery .

ex ( 89 ) 3559ao , ex ( 89 ) qgg014 . ex grenda livery .

ex ( 90 ) 3560ao , ex ( 90 ) qgg024 . ex grenda livery .

ex ( 91 ) 3561ao , ( 91 ) qgg025 . ex grenda livery .

ex ( 92 ) 3562ao , ex ( 92 ) qls333 . ex grenda livery .

ex ( 93 ) 3563ao , ex ( 93 ) qls347 . ex grenda livery .

ex ( 94 ) 3515ao , ex ( 94 ) qsg157 . ex grenda livery .

ex ( 95 ) 3507ao , ex ( 95 ) qsg158 . ex grenda livery .

ex ( 116 ) 3579ao , ex ( 116 ) ooz295 ; ex ( stock ) scania , australia .

ex ( 118 ) 3581ao , ex ( 118 ) ooz293 ; ex ( stock ) scania , australia .

ex ( 148 ) , ex phl148 , ex pci010 . ex ventura livery .

ex ( 001 ) upr852 grenda corporation , dandenong - scania demo . ex grenda livery .

ex ( 156 ) . ex melbourne city tourist shuttle livery . ex ventura livery .

ex ( 157 ) . transferred to national and then back . ex ventura livery .

ex ( 979 ) 979err ( qld ) ab74d brisbane transport , brisbane , qld .

ex ( 112 ) 2665ao , ex ( 335 ) 2665ao , ex esj149 ; ex ( 35 ) esj149 mount dandenong passenger service , croydon , victoria .

ex ( 107 ) 2660ao , ex ( 328 ) 2660ao , ex pzz957 ; ex ( 28 ) pzz957 mount dandenong passenger service , croydon , victoria .

ex ( 114 ) 2676ao , ex ( 350 ) 2676ao , ex ffm774 ; ex ( 50 ) ffm774 mount dandenong passenger service , croydon , victoria .

ex ( 823 ) 2681ao , ex ( 357 ) 2681ao , ex ovb881 ; ex ( 57 ) ovb881 mount dandenong passenger service , croydon , victoria .

ex ( 824 ) 2682ao , ex ( 358 ) 2682ao , ex ovb896 ; ex ( 58 ) ovb896 mount dandenong passenger service , croydon , victoria .

ex ( 825 ) 2683ao , ex ( 359 ) 2683ao , ex pci076 ; ex ( 59 ) pci076 mount dandenong passenger service , croydon , victoria . ex ventura livery .

ex ( 826 ) 2684ao , ex ( 360 ) 2684ao , ex pci078 ; ex ( 60 ) pci078 mount dandenong passenger service , croydon , victoria . ex ventura livery .

ex ( 827 ) 2508ao , ex ( 8 ) 2508ao , ex ( 8 ) pww308 . ex ventura livery .

ex ( 828 ) 2535ao , ex ( 35 ) 2535ao , ex ( 35 ) pww335 . ex ventura livery .

ex ( 829 ) 2514ao , ex ( 14 ) 2514ao , ex ( 14 ) pww314 . ex ventura livery .

ex ( 830 ) 2518ao , ex ( 18 ) 2518ao , ex ( 18 ) pww318 . ex ventura livery .

ex ( 831 ) 2506ao , ex ( 6 ) 2506ao , ex ( 6 ) plu006 . ex ventura livery .

ex ( 835 ) 2523ao , ex ( 23 ) 2523ao , ex ( 23 ) qgg023 . ex ventura livery .

ex ( 836 ) 2540ao , ex ( 40 ) 2540ao , ex ( 40 ) qgg040 . ex ventura livery .

ex ( 837 ) 2542ao , ex ( 42 ) 2542ao , ex ( 42 ) qgg042 . ex ventura livery .

ex ( 838 ) 2563ao , ex ( 63 ) 2563ao , ex ( 63 ) qgg063 . ex ventura livery .

ex ( 839 ) 2632ao , ex ( 132 ) 2632ao , ex ( 132 ) qls332 . ex aoa denoting ethanol fuelled , special livery with leaves and frogs .

ex ( 841 ) 2646ao , ex ( 146 ) 2646ao , ex ( 146 ) qls346 . ex aoa ethanol fuelled , special livery with leaves and frogs .


jetivia sa v bilta ( uk ) limited ( in liquidation ) [ 2015 ] uksc 23 ( sometimes referred to as bilta ( uk ) limited v nazir ) is a uk company and insolvency law decision of the supreme court of the united kingdom in relation to ( i ) the attribution of unlawful acts of a director to the company where the company is the victim of the unlawful act , and ( ii ) the extent to which liability for fraudulent trading under section 213 of the insolvency act 1986 has extraterritorial effect .

the supreme court held that : the defence of ex turpi causa could not operate to prevent a claim brought by the liquidators on behalf of a company against its former directors on the basis that , where the company was essentially the victim of a fraud by the directors , the conduct of the directors would not be attributed to the company and thereby treat the company as a party to the illegality ; and liability for fraudulent trading under the insolvency act 1986 had extraterritorial effect .

jetivia sa v bilta ( uk ) limited ( in liquidation )

jetivia sa v bilta ( uk ) limited ( in liquidation ) <EOT> jetivia sa & another v . bilta uk limited ( in liquidation ) & others [ 2015 ] uksc 23

frances coulson , partner at moon beever , gives her reaction to the supreme court’s decision in jetivia sa and another v bilta ( uk ) ltd ( in liquidation ) and others [ 2015 ] uksc 23 .

as with the phones , bilta bought ex uk from suppliers including jetivia ( vat free trade within the eu ) then sold to uk traders at a price lower than that they paid , and then the uk traders paid jetivia rather than bilta anyway .

copyright ©2014 reed elsevier ( uk ) limited , trading as lexisnexis . all rights reserved .

has your company been served liquidation proceedings ? then you have a limited time to act .

notable cases include the supreme court decision of jetivia sa & another v . bilta uk limited ( in liquidation ) & others [ 2015 ] uksc 23 , a leading authority for the application of the illegality defence . the supreme court ' s decision is of particular significance to insolvency practitioners considering claims against the directors of insolvent companies and brings welcome clarity to the scope of the house of lords ' decision in stone & rolls limited v . moore stephens [ 2009 ] 1 a . c . 1391 .

bilta would buy the euas from a number of traders based outside the uk , including jetivia , whose sole director was one mr brunschweiler . bilta paid no vat when it acquired the euas from jetivia but then sold these euas on to a number of uk based traders who were registered for vat . the sales of these euas were taxable supplies and bilta thereby incurred substantial liabilities in respect of vat . however , as part of the fraudulent scheme , when the euas were sold to the uk based traders they were sold at a price below the price paid to jetivia plus the vat due . further , the payments made by the uk based traders were either made directly to jetivia or to various offshore bank accounts .

accordingly , bilta did not receive the proceeds of the sales of the euas , which left it unable to meet its vat liabilities , in the sum of gbp 38 , 733 , 444 . in the meantime , both jetivia and the uk based traders were able to make significant profits at the expense of bilta .

bilta had two directors , mr nazir and mr chopra , with mr chopra as the sole shareholder . between 22 april and 21 july 2009 bilta purchased carbon credits from traders ( including jetivia ) located outside the uk , which were zero rated for vat purposes , and sold these at no profit ( and frequently at a loss ) to vat registered suppliers within the uk , charging vat . proceeds from these sales , including the vat element , were diverted offshore to jetivia and other third parties . this so - called “third party payment” structure is a common feature of missing trader intra - community ( “mtic” ) vat fraud . bilta was unable to pay the vat when it fell due and in september 2009 it entered provisional liquidation on the petition of hmrc .

“in common with all members of the court , i consider that this appeal should be dismissed because the court of appeal were right to hold that ( i ) illegality cannot be raised by jetivia or mr brunschweiler as a defence against bilta’s claim because the wrongful activity of bilta’s directors and shareholder cannot be attributed to bilta in these proceedings , and ( ii ) section 213 of the insolvency act 1986 has extra - territorial effect . ”

bilta ( uk ) limited ( “bilta” ) had been in liquidation since 29 september 2009 . at all material times prior to the liquidation , the company had only two directors - messrs . nazir and chopra - and a sole shareholder , mr chopra . between april and july 2009 , the company was engaged in an elaborate vat fraud , based on the purchase and resale of european emissions trading scheme allowances ( euas ) . euas were , at this time , treated as taxable supplies under the vat act 1994 and were therefore liable for vat at the standard rate ( 15 % ) .

the court of appeal recently handed down its much - anticipated judgment in ( 1 ) jetivia s . a . ( 2 ) urs brunschweiler v bilta ( uk ) limited ( in liquidation ) ( 2013 ) . in doing so , it revisited the decision of the house of lords in the auditors’ liability case of stone & rolls ltd ( in liquidation ) v moore stephens ( a firm ) ( 2009 ) , where it was held by a majority that a claim by a “one - man” company defrauded by its director , against auditors who were said to have failed , negligently , to alert the company to the fraud , was barred by the principle of ex turpi causa as that director was the company’s sole mind , will and beneficial owner and his dishonesty was therefore to be attributed to the company .

this left bilta with vat liabilities of £38 , 733 , 444 which it had no means of paying .

in october , the court heard applications by a swiss company jetivia and its director appealing against decisions to reject its application to strike out claims made against it for conspiracy , dishonest assistance and fraudulent trading . the claims arose from the appellants’ alleged participation with bilta’s directors and others in a vat fraud involving carbon credit trading which left bilta unable to pay debts of over £38m to hmrc .

at first instance ( 1 ) – bilta ( uk ) ltd ( in liquidation ) v nazir and others chd ( [ 2010 ] bus lr 1634 , [ 2010 ] 2 lloyd’s rep 29 , bailii , [ 2010 ] ewhc 1086 ( ch ) ) the sixth defendant resisted a claim against it saying that matters between them were governed by a framework agreement which provided for matters to be resolved by arbitration . the claimant resisted , denying the arbitration agreement and saying . .

the supreme court held that s 213 has extra - territorial effect at least to the extent of applying to individuals and corporations resident outside the uk .

appeal from – jetivia sa and another v bilta ( uk ) ltd and others ca ( bailii , [ 2013 ] ewca civ 968 , [ 2013 ] wlr ( d ) 333 , [ 2014 ] 1 all er ( comm ) 176 , [ 2013 ] 3 wlr 1167 , [ 2014 ] 1 all er 168 , [ 2014 ] ch 52 , [ 2013 ] sti 2677 , [ 2013 ] bcc 655 , [ 2014 ] 1 bclc 302 , [ 2014 ] 1 lloyd’s rep 113 , [ 2013 ] lloyd’s rep fc 620 , [ 2013 ] stc 2298 ) defendants appealed against refusal of their request for a summary striking out for lack of jurisdiction , of the claims against them arising from their management of the insolvency of the first defendant . . .

the subject company went into compulsory liquidation on 30 november 2005 , the creditors ' petition having been presented on 28 september 2005 .

when the very significant scam was discovered and the company wound up , the liquidators sued various parties they alleged had been involved in a conspiracy to defraud bilta , including jetivia . the causes of action pleaded were conspiracy and dishonest assistance by the company , and by the liquidators for fraudulent trading under s . 213 of the insolvency act 1986 .

team y & r holdings hong kong limited ( the “ company ” ) was incorporated in hong kong in 2007 . the shareholding of the company is as follows

thus in bilta of course the company was the victim of its officers , and the damage was the deficit , the liabilities it could not pay to hmrc .

at first instance ( 2 ) – bilta ( uk ) ltd v nazir and others chd ( bailii , [ 2010 ] ewhc 3227 ( ch ) ) the company had been wound up by the revenue on the basis that it had been used for a substantial vat fraud . the liquidators now sued those said to have participated . a defendant denied the jurisdiction because of a disputed arbitration agreement . . .

when the scheme unravelled , liquidators were appointed and the company was wound up . subsequently , the liquidators issued proceedings against a number of parties it alleged to have been involved in a conspiracy to defraud bilta , including jetivia and mr brunschweiler ( who subsequently became the appellants ) . the proceedings involved both a claim by the liquidators on behalf of bilta against the appellants and others for conspiracy and dishonest assistance , and parallel claims by the liquidators for fraudulent trading under s . 213 of the insolvency act 1986 .

bilta ( uk ) limited ( “bilta” ) went into liquidation on 29 september 2009 on an hmrc petition . it had only ever had two directors – messrs . nazir and chopra , though mr chopra was the sole shareholder . for a period of 3 - 4 months to july 2009 , the company was engaged in a substantial vat fraud , based on the purchase and resale of european emissions trading scheme allowances ( euas ) . euas were , at this time , treated as taxable supplies under the vat act 1994 and were therefore liable for vat at the standard rate ( 15 % ) . similar to the traditional mtic fraud where mobile phones or cpu’s were supposedly traded back to back , carbon credits had the advantage of requiring no physical transportation or storage .

cited – burnden holdings ( uk ) ltd v fielding and another ca ( bailii , [ 2016 ] ewca civ 557 , [ 2016 ] wlr ( d ) 313 , wlrd ) the company , now in liquidation sought to claim for the alledged misapplication by former directors of its funds in 2007 . it now appealed against a summary rejection of its claim as time barred . held : the appeal succeeded . section 21 ( 1 ) ( b ) . .

applying these principles to this case , patten lj held that bilta was unquestionably the victim : it had suffered the primary damage and the principle in hampshire land would therefore apply .

bilta and its liquidators commenced proceedings against bilta’s directors , the appellants and other alleged co - conspirators in the fraud . the appellants applied for the claims against them to be struck out or summarily dismissed on the grounds that they were either a ) ( with respect to bilta’s claims ) precluded by the ex turpi causa doctrine ( relying for these purposes on the decision in stone and rolls ) , or b ) ( with respect to the liquidators’ claim ) bound to fail because section 213 does not have extra territorial effect .

an extension of the exception was arguably open to the court on the basis that there was still , in bilta , no human embodiment of the company who was unaware of the conspiracy .

wood & another v . kirankumar mistry [ 2013 ] 1 b . c . l . c . 389

region / country . . . worldwide latin america europe asia pacific africa caribbean australasia asia european union australia u . k . canada cayman islands china costa rica cyprus ireland italy japan netherlands south africa uk united states guernsey

cited – lennard’s carrying company limited v asiatic petroleum company limited hl ( [ 1915 ] ac 705 , [ 1914 - 15 ] all er 280 ) the house was asked as to when the acts of an individual became those of his employer under section 502 ( ‘any loss or damage happening without ( the ship owner’s ) actual fault or privity’ ) . held : viscount haldane lc said : ‘it must be upon the . .

the justices were required to consider whether the decision in moore stephens v stone & rolls ltd [ 2009 ] ukhl 39 applied to the facts of bilta . stone & rolls ltd has been a debated and much criticised authority , not least because of the significant differences between the reasoning of the majority who argued it .

medical trend limited and opti - medix limited ( collectively , the “ companies ” ) were incorporated in the bvi . their main business was in japan . the proceeds of the business were however transferred to their bank accounts in singapore . in late 2015 , bankruptcy orders were granted by the tokyo district court , and the applicant was appointed as their bankruptcy trustee . the applicant sought the recognition in singapore of the foreign insolvency proceedings in respect of the companies .

the provisional liquidators ( “ liquidators ” ) of sunlink international holdings limited ( “ sunlink ” ) issued a writ against deloitte touche tohmatsu ( “ defendant ” ) on 14 april 2011 . the writ was subsequently amended to reflect the assignment of sunlink’s claims to enrich future limited as 1 st plaintiff , and the addition of other plaintiffs in the action .

medical trend limited and opti - medix limited ( collectively , the “ companies ” ) were incorporated in the bvi . their main business was in japan . the proceeds of the business were however transferred to their bank accounts in singapore . late 2015 , bankruptcy orders were granted by the tokyo district court , and the applicant was appointed as their bankruptcy trustee . the applicant sought the recognition in singapore of the foreign insolvency proceedings in respect of the companies .

this case represents an opportunity for the court to clarify the scope of the ex turpi causa non oritur actio doctrine – the principle that the court will not assist a company to recover damages for its own wrong . the appellants assert that the house of lords decision in stone and rolls ltd v moore stephens [ 1 ] ( in which the liquidators of stone and rolls were unable to pursue a claim against the company’s auditors for failure to detect a fraud perpetrated by stone and rolls’ sole director and shareholder ) applies to the facts in this case thereby preventing bilta ( itself now in liquidation ) from making any claim .

appeal from – bilta ( uk ) ltd and others v nazir and others chd ( [ 2012 ] stc 2424 , bailii , [ 2012 ] ewhc 2163 ( ch ) , [ 2012 ] wlr ( d ) 236 , [ 2013 ] 2 wlr 825 , [ 2013 ] 1 all er 375 , [ 2013 ] bcc 235 , [ 2012 ] sti 2554 ) the company was said to have engaged in a fraud based on false european trading scheme allowances , and had been wound up by the revenue . the liquidators , in the company name , now sought recovery from former directors and associates . held : the . .

medical trend limited and opti - medix limited were incorporated in the british virgin islands while their main businesses are conducted in japan with sale proceeds transferred to their singapore bank accounts . in late 2015 , bankruptcy orders were granted by the tokyo district court , and the applicant was appointed as the bankruptcy trustee of the two companies . the applicant sought to exercise his powers under the japanese bankruptcy orders to ascertain , administer , and dispose of the companies’ assets and hence he applied for the recognition of the singapore court of his appointment as the bankruptcy trustee . the primary issue is whether liquidation in a jurisdiction other than that of the place of incorporation should be recognized .

in the case of re opti - medix ltd ( in liquidation ) and another matter [ 2016 ] sghc , the singaporean court has handed down the first written judgment which recognizes foreign liquidators from jurisdictions other than the place of incorporation of the company .

re opti - medix ltd ( in liquidation ) and another matter [ 2016 ] sghc 108 the primary issue before the court was whether liquidation in a jurisdiction other than that of the place of incorporation should be recognized . the court agreed that japan was essentially the sole place where actual business was carried on . singapore was primarily a center for managing funds received in the first instance in japan . further , there was no competing jurisdiction interested in the winding - up of the companies . on the other hand , japan had moved in favor of liquidation . to hinder the orderly dissolution of the companies in this situation would serve no purpose . where winding up is on the ground of insolvency , the applicant has to show that the company has returned to solvency in order to successfully stay the winding up proceedings

patten lj held that the circumstances in which the ‘sole actor’ exception should apply are extremely limited , saying that the decision in stone & rolls “should be confined in my view to the claim and facts in that case” and that “in the context of a claim by the company against its fraudulent directors , the rule has no place in english law” .

the court found that as a general rule , a litigant cannot recover expenses which he incurs in connection with the litigation other than by way of an order for costs : avrahami v biran [ 2013 ] ewhc 1776 ( ch ) ; cockburn v edwards ( 1881 ) 18 ch d 449 . further , the time costs and expenses of insolvency office - holders in respect of litigation are generally not recoverable as costs in the litigation : sisu capital fund v tucker [ 2006 ] bcc 463 .

cited – bowman v secular society limited hl ( [ 1917 ] ac 406 , [ 1916 - 17 ] all er 1 ) the plantiff argued that the the objects of the secular society ltd , which had been registered under the companies acts , were unlawful . held : the house referred to ‘the last persons to go to the stake in this country pro salute animae’ in 1612 . .

cited – the citizens life assurance company limited v brown pc ( bailii , [ 1904 ] ukpc 20 , [ 1904 ] ac 423 ) ( new south wales ) a malicious libel was alleged . the life assurance company was vicariously liable in respect of a libel contained in a circular sent out by a person who was employed by the company under a written agreement as its ‘superintendent of . .

on 1 st april , the court of final appeal handed down its judgment in cheng wai tao and others v poon ka man jason ( suing on behalf of himself and all other shareholders in smart wave limited except the 1st appellant ) and another facv17 / 2015 . the judgment marked an end of the protracted battle over litigation between two partners of the successful chain of sushi restaurants , itamae .

fieldfisher llp ( “ ff ” ) , a firm of solicitors , brought an application for an administration order in relation to pennyfeathers limited ( the “ company ” ) based on a disputed debt in the parties’ conditional fee agreement ( “ cfa ” ) .

the case is important as it shows the liberal approach of the singaporean court in recognizing foreign liquidation in a jurisdiction other than that of the place of incorporation . while the judgment is not binding on hong kong courts , it is a good support for future litigants to argue for the same in hong kong .

on 28 july 2016 , the english court of appeal delivered its decision in express electrical distributors ltd v beavis and others [ 2016 ] ewca civ 765 , which considered whether a validation order should be granted in respect of a payment that had been made for pre - liquidation supplies at a time when neither party was aware of the winding - up petition . the judgment is important as it clarifies the principles of granting a validation order .

subject to limited exceptions , all property belonging to or vested in the bankrupt forms part of the bankrupt’s estate , and thus vests in his trustee . however , property which is “peculiarly personal” to the bankrupt does not form part of the bankrupt’s estate . in haig v aitken [ 2001 ] ch 110 , rattee j held that a bankrupt’s estate does not include the bankrupt’s personal correspondence which is of nature peculiarly personal to him and his life as a human being .

re ardent harmony fund inc ( in official liquidation ) ( fsd 54 of 2016 ) the chief justice of the grand court of cayman islands held that the court has jurisdiction to restrain a creditor over whom it has personal jurisdiction from the institution or continuance of proceedings in a foreign court , where the effect of those proceedings would be to subvert the universal collective process of the liquidation . the chief justice went on to say that there was in fact public interest in the ability of a court exercising insolvency jurisdiction in the place of the company’s incorporation to conduct an orderly winding up of its affairs on a worldwide basis .

while there was no exact factual match between bilta and stone & rolls ( which was a “one - man” company ; in bilta there were two directors , one of whom was the only shareholder , and both of whom were involved in the conspiracy ) , an opportunity presented itself to the court of appeal to extend the operation of the “sole actor” exception . for example , the decision in stone & rolls had left open the question of whether the exception applied to such factual scenarios ( rather than a simple “oneman” company ) and / or to a claim by a company against its directors .

cited – ashmore , benson , pease and co v a v dawson ltd ca ( [ 1973 ] 1 wlr 828 ) by acquiescing in the overloading of the hauliers’ lorries , the consignors’ assistant transport manager and his assistant made the haulage contract unenforceable at the instance of the consignors , who were unable to recover when a lorry toppled over . .

s 213 is one of a number of discretionary powers conferred by statute on the english court to require persons to contribute to the deficiency who have dealt with a company now in liquidation in a manner which has depleted its assets , with no express limits on their territorial application . it provides as follows :

it was alleged that in february 1998 , leung yat tung ( the “ bankrupt ” ) transferred to harbour front limited ( “ harbour front ” ) certain shares owned by him at a gross undervalue . in march 2001 , the bankrupt was adjudicated bankrupt and official receiver ( “ or ” ) was appointed as trustee in bankruptcy .

to begin with , the fact that a company is in liquidation in a particular country does not by itself give rise to a basis to recognize that liquidation in singapore . something more has to be shown . the court acknowledges that there has been a general trend towards recognition that universal cooperation between jurisdictions is a necessary part of the contemporary world in the context of cross - border insolvency . in line with such a universalist approach , there is a greater readiness to go beyond traditional bases for recognizing foreign insolvency proceedings . the place of incorporation of a company may be an accident of many factors , and may be far removed from the actual place of business .

cited – salomon v a salomon and company ltd hl ( [ 1897 ] ac 22 , 66 ljch 35 , [ 1895 - 99 ] all er 33 ) mr salomon had incorporated his long standing personal business of shoe manufacture into a limited company . he held nearly all the shares , and had received debentures on the transfer into the company of his former business . the business failed , and . .

unlike their counterparts in the uk , consumers in hong kong seem to be in a worse position . in the absence of a statutory regime , consumers can only rely on the voluntary “chargeback” arrangements offered by credit card issuers in limited circumstances . a simple google search will reveal that not all credit card issuers offer chargeback arrangements and even they do , card issuers do not always do enough to inform consumers about how to raise a chargeback claim and what documentation needs to be provided to the bank . the bank regulator’s executive director of the monetary authority , carmen chu , also warned that in some situations , where the banks paid the business in full first , before later on collecting the sum from credit card users in instalments , the customer is still obliged to make monthly repayments to the bank , even if the business has closed down .

the decision in bilta serves to illustrate the uncertainty that had existed , following stone & rolls , as to the potential availability of the “sole actor” exception . the court of appeal’s judgment goes some way in clarifying the position , in that it held that the “sole actor” exception was of limited application , and in particular does not apply to claims by a company against its fraudulent director ( s ) . patten lj does not , however , provide a great deal of explanation for circumscribing the extent of the “sole actor” exception in this way . this was also a court of appeal rather than a supreme court decision and it remains to be seen whether the legal position will be tested further .

at common law , liquidation of a foreign company has no automatic consequences in relation to the property of such company in a local jurisdiction . the common law maintains that the court has power to recognise foreign liquidators and assist the courts of the place of incorporation of an insolvent company operating a similar insolvency regime in ensuring that the affairs of the company are properly investigated .

the court held that in order for the plaintiff to defend the counterclaim successfully , the plaintiff must establish that she has a beneficial interest in the property : cheung wing kwan tommy v hong kong export credit insurance corp [ 2012 ] 2 hklrd 1255 ; health v tang [ 1993 ] 1 wlr 1421 . but she cannot establish such an interest because any such interest she may have had is vested in the tib . hence , she has no defence .

the supreme court’s decision in jetivia will be one of the most important decisions in insolvency for many years . if the supreme court upholds the appeal , the impact on proceedings brought by administrators and liquidators against fraudulent directors will be significant . additionally , any decision which denies the extra - territorial reach of the insolvency act will have serious implications for office holders who are ever more frequently trying to make recoveries for the benefit of creditors in relation to businesses which have a global reach .

the court was satisfied that it had jurisdiction over itto , as it was a shareholder of the fund and had submitted a proof of debt . noting that the appointment of bankruptcy trustee in barbados would definitely interfere with the conduct of the cayman islands liquidation , the court granted the anti - suit injunction .

an application for recognition and assistance was made by the joint and several official liquidators ( the “ liquidators ” ) of rennie produce ( aust ) pty ltd which was in liquidation in australia . such application was made pursuant to a letter of request issued by the federal court of australia . a separate application was made for production of documents by two banks in hong kong .

the english high court referred to the court of appeal decision in salford estates ( no . 2 ) ltd v altomart ltd [ 2014 ] ewca civ 1575 , in which it was held that the court should , save in wholly exceptional circumstances , exercise its discretion in an application for winding up consistently with the legislative policy embodied in the arbitration act 1996 .

as noted above , jetivia and mr brunschweiler were said by the liquidators to have dishonestly assisted the directors in the conspiracy to defraud the company . at first instance , and on appeal , the appellants sought to have this claim struck out , relying on the principle of ex turpi causa non oritur actio , on the basis that the company itself was part of a conspiracy to defraud hmrc . the principle of ex turpi causa was originally defined by lord mansfield cj in holman v johnson ( 1775 ) as the rule that “ no court will lend its aid to a man who founds his cause of action upon an immoral or illegal act ” .

back in mid - 1990s , there was discussion in hong kong regarding the introduction of an insolvent trading provision , which closely mirrors the wrongful trading provision of the uk insolvency act 1986 . the purpose of the introduction of the insolvent trading provision is to encourage better corporate governance . it was designed to raise the awareness of company directors of their duty to creditors , rather than just having regard to the interests of themselves or the shareholders .

the law commission believes that an additional category of preferential creditor would not add much complexity , delays and costs , since the limited preference is not designed to protect consumers in all circumstances . rather , it would cover only the most serious cases , where businesses take new ( and substantial ) cash payments from consumers in the run - up to insolvency .

at trial the defendants relied on the house of lords decision in stone & rolls ltd ( in liquidation ) v moore stephens ( a firm ) ( 2009 ) , where it was held by a majority that a claim by a ‘one - man’ company defrauded by its director , against auditors who were said to have failed , negligently , to alert the company to the fraud , was prevented by the principle of ‘ex turpi causa’ ( see above ) as that director was the company’s sole mind , will and beneficial owner and his dishonesty was therefore to be attributed to the company .

the appellants’ application was dismissed at first instance and on appeal . at first instance and in the court of appeal , the appellants submitted that in respect of bilta’s claims , the court was bound by the decision of the house of lords in stone and rolls – in which the house of lords attributed knowledge of a director’s fraud to a one - person company , creating an exception to the rule in re hampshire land co ( no . 2 ) [ 2 ] and allowing the company’s auditors to resist the company’s claim in negligence on the basis of ex turpi causa .

mr . innhaug , being the founding shareholder of nordic international limited ( the “ company ” ) entered into a shareholders’ agreement with sinwa ss ( hong kong ) co ltd ( “ sinwa ” ) , which took up 50 % stake in the company . not long after , disputes surfaced between the parties and the parties have since been involved in multiple litigation and arbitration proceedings .

disputes arose over the allotment of shares in the subsequent itamae restaurants . as a result , the ajisen shareholders entered into a shareholders’ agreement known as the hero elegant agreement at the end of 2015 , under which it was agreed that jason and daisy would be allotted shares in the itamae sushi business through their corporate vehicle , fine elite group limited ( “ fine elite ” ) .

not to be followed – moore stephens ( a firm ) v stone rolls ltd ( in liquidation ) hl ( bailii , [ 2009 ] ukhl 39 , times 11 - aug - 09 , [ 2009 ] 1 ac 1391 , [ 2009 ] bus lr 1356 , [ 2009 ] pnlr 36 , [ 2009 ] 3 wlr 455 ) the appellants had audited the books of the respondent company , but had failed to identify substantial frauds by an employee of the respondent . the auditors appealed a finding of professional negligence , relying on the maxim ex turpi causa non . .

at the same time , the report of the law reform commission of hong kong on corporate rescue and insolvent trading ( 1996 ) recognized that the insolvent trading provision should not be so harsh as to discourage responsible persons from taking the time to consider , and to seek advice , as to whether a company could be saved or go into liquidation . nor should the provision make the responsible persons more inclined to push companies into voluntary liquidation or receivership unnecessarily , for fear of being made liable for trading while insolvent . the report also recognized that responsible persons who paid attention to their business , and who took appropriate action when faced with insolvency , should never face an application in respect of insolvent trading .

in the last issue of our “onc corporate disputes and insolvency quarterly” , we discussed the decision in aabar block s . a . r . l , edgeworth capital ( luxembourg ) s . a . r . l v glenn maud [ 2016 ] ewhc 1016 ( ch ) . there has been a further development in relation to this case .

months of waiting are over as today the supreme court handed down its decision in the bilta case . seven justices ( including lord mance a minority judge in the stone & rolls case ) considered this vitally important case in the fraud arena , albeit of wider application . the supreme court has not however decided to deal fully with the question of illegality , saying that this case was not going to be determinative of the questions and thus those questions would wait for another day .

pursuant to section 150fa of the predecessor companies ordinance ( cap 32 ) , masterwise was ordered to produce various classes of documents under an inspection order , which include records of shenzhen fifu company limited , a wholly owned subsidiary of masterwise , and huizhou fifu electronics co ltd , which is in turn a wholly owned subsidiary of shenzhen fifu . both shenzhen fifu and huizhou fifu are incorporated in prc .

when a company goes into liquidation , the liquidator must distribute the remaining assets of the company to creditors in accordance with a strict statutory hierarchy . consumers , alongside many others , including suppliers , landlords and utility companies , are unsecured creditors . most of the money will go to secured lenders and preferred creditors , such as employees , leaving very little , often negligible to unsecured creditors .

the joint liquidators ( the “ liquidators ” ) of ralls builders limited ( the “ company ” ) brought a claim against three former directors ( the “ directors ” ) of the company for wrongful trading under section 214 of the insolvency act 1986 . the court found that the directors ought to have concluded that there was no reasonable prospect of the company avoiding liquidation by 31 august 2010 . however , the court refused to make a declaration that the directors should make a contribution to the assets of the company in respect of any losses caused to the company during the period after 31 august 2010 , because the court did not find it proven that the net deficiency of the company increased during that period .

further , in the matter of moulin global eyecare holdings limited ( in liquidation ) & ors v olivia lee sin mei [ 2012 ] 4 hklrd 263 , ( 2014 ) 17 hkcfar 466 , barma j , remarkably , allowed the liquidator to add a claim based on increase in net deficiency . in essence , the liquidator claimed that at material time , the defendant , acting as a non - executive director of the company , knew or ought to have known , that the company was insolvent and there was no hope to trade out of insolvency . she should have procured the appointment of provisional liquidators , or otherwise blown the whistle . but she did not . instead , she left the company to trade on and as a result , there was an increased net deficiency of hk $ 1 . 23 billion by the time the company was wound up . on appeal , barma j’s order was set aside , but restored by the court of final appeal . while the final outcome is still pending , the moulin case demonstrates the possibility of a claim based on insolvent trading .

the case was appealed to the supreme court , the court of appeal not having gone into huge detail about the circumstances where the ex turpi causa defence might apply or be defeated . however the supreme court has decided this is not the case in which to expand the discussion . it did say that stone & rolls was limited to its facts . lord neuberger said that

however , the court decided that the “sole actor” exception did not apply to a case like bilta , where the claim was against the fraudulent directors themselves ( and / or those dishonestly assisting them ) . amongst other things , patten lj agreed with the court below that the reasoning in stone & rolls is not applicable to a case in which the claim is based on breach of a duty which ( unlike the duty owed by the auditors in stone & rolls , which the majority of the house of lords accepted was a duty owed to the company alone ) extends beyond the interests of the fraudsters as shareholders , to creditors . stone & rolls did not , therefore , apply in bilta , where ( as patten lj noted ) the directors’ duties had always included a duty to consider the interests of creditors under s . 172 of the companies act 2006 ( and it should be noted that there were also parallel proceedings under s . 213 of the insolvency act 1986 ) . patten lj said that this would be the position even in a case where a true “one - man” company sued its sole director and owner for a breach of duty against the company . indeed , patten lj held that the circumstances in which the “ sole actor” exception should apply are extremely limited , saying that the decision in stone & rolls “should be confined in my view to the claim and facts in that case ” and that “ in the context of a claim by the company against its fraudulent directors , the rule has no place in english law ” .

in the recent decision of shlosberg v avonwick holdings ltd and others [ 2016 ] ewhc 1001 ( ch ) , the english high court considered the nature and devolution of legal professional privilege in the context of bankruptcy . it was held that the trustee in bankruptcy might be unable to waive privilege even when entitled to possession of privileged documents to administer the bankrupt’s estate .

the court agreed with the english court of appeal’s decision in liquidator of west mercia safetywear ltd v dodd and another ( 1988 ) bcc 30 , in which a director was made personally liable for procuring an undue preference . the court found that holding a director who procures an undue preference directly responsible for restoring the company to the position it would otherwise have been in is not only just , but also in line with the clear direction of the singapore court of appeal in liquidators of progen engineering pte ltd v progen holdings ltd [ 2010 ] 4 slr 1089 that a director has a fiduciary duty to take into account the interests of the company’s creditors when a company is insolvent , or near insolvency .

another such provision , s 238 ( which empowers the court to make orders against any person to reverse transactions at an undervalue ) , was held by the court of appeal to apply without territorial limitations in in re paramount airways ltd [ 1993 ] ch 223 . in this case , sir donald nicholls v - c observed : ( i ) that current patterns of cross - border business weaken the conducting the liquidation of a united kingdom company ; ( ii ) that the absence in the statute of any test for what would constitute presence in the united kingdom makes it unlikely that presence there was intended to be a condition of the exercise of the power ; and ( iii ) that the absence of a connection with the united kingdom would be a factor in the exercise of the discretion to permit service out of the proceedings as well in the discretion whether to grant the relief , which was enough to prevent injustice ( para . 110 ) .

ian robert ( trustee in bankruptcy of mr . elichaoff deceased ) v sarah jane duncanson woodall [ 2016 ] ewhc 538 ( ch ) the tib contended that causes in action , as property of the bankrupt estate , vest in a trustee in bankruptcy upon his appointment unless the claims are of an entirely personal nature : section 283 of the insolvency act and heath v tang [ 1993 ] 1 wlr 1421 . the tib observed that claims for financial provisions will not be entirely personal because they may include sums which will be paid to creditors . the court concluded that the right to seek financial provision does not vest in the tib . hence , the court granted the application to strike out the relief claimed within the tib’s application .

the court in bilta , a case involving the different situation of a claim by a company against parties said to have dishonestly assisted the company’s directors in defrauding the company , circumscribed the ambit of this “sole actor” exception and decided that it did not apply in this case . a question remains , however , as to the implications of this for third party professionals such as solicitors or accountants who might be sued by an insolvent company on the basis that those professionals have failed to spot or alert the company to a fraud perpetrated by its directors .

the first restaurant was opened by smart wave limited ( “ smart wave ” ) , using the trade name “itamae” ( 板長壽司 ) . apart from ajisen shareholders , smart wave also had five minority shareholders , who were suppliers and key staff . ricky was the sole director of smart wave . three additional itamae restaurants were opened within two years of the first .

fieldfisher llp v pennyfeathers limited [ 2016 ] ewhc 566 ( ch ) the evidence disclosed that there is a good arguable case that ff is owed large sums and is therefore a creditor with sufficient status to apply for an administration order : hammonds v pro - fit usa ltd [ 2007 ] ewhc 1998 ( ch ) . however , the cfa contains an arbitration clause , whereby the parties agree to refer any dispute arising out of or in connection with the cfa to arbitration . the court noted that exercise of the discretion otherwise than consistently with the policy underlying the arbitration act 1996 would inevitably encourage parties to an arbitration agreement to bypass the arbitration agreement by invoking insolvency procedures in the companies court . parties should not be allowed to do so , since it would be entirely contrary to the parties’ agreement as to the proper forum for the resolution of such an issue and to the legislative policy of the arbitration act 1996 : salford estates . the application was accordingly dismissed .

stephen paul grant and james richard tickell ( joint liquidators of ralls builders limited ) v william ralph ralls , nicholas lee ralls and gary christopher hailstones [ 2016 ] ewhc 243 ( ch ) the liquidators then applied to the court for an order that the additional costs and expenses incurred by them in dealing with the wrongful trading claim , which amounted to £256 , 160 . 75 , be contributed by the directors to the assets of the company . moreover , the court pointed out that it had found that the continued trading did not result in any increase in the net deficiency of the company . it would be illogical if the court , despite such findings , nevertheless ordered the directors to pay for the additional fees and costs incurred by the liquidators in investigating and unsuccessfully trying to prove that some loss was sustained .

the position in new york is in fact consistent with the position in hong kong . in east asia satellite television ( holdings ) ltd v new cotai llc & ors [ 2011 ] 3 hklrd 734 , the hong kong court of appel held that whether a derivative action can be brought on behalf of a foreign company is a matter of substantive law , determined by the law of the place of incorporation . similarly , in wong ming bun v wang ming fan [ 2014 ] 1 hklrd 1108 , peter ng j quoted the following passage from graeme johnston , the conflict of law in hong kong , at p . 592 : “the ability to bring a derivative action in hong kong is a matter for the law of the place of incorporation of the company , though it is also necessary to comply with hong kong procedural requirements for the bringing of such actions . ”

interestingly , in bilta , as is commonly the case in a claim brought by an insolvent company , the main beneficiary of a successful claim would be the revenue and , ultimately , the taxpayer . as such , in some ways , the decision facing the court of appeal was a simple one . either the court allowed a claim to progress that could result in substantial recovery for the taxpayer or it allowed alleged fraudsters ( the appellants ) to defeat the claim and avoid liability . it is easy to identify the public policy in play , although it would be interesting to see how the court might respond in circumstances where the claim , if successful , would not ultimately benefit the taxpayer but some other third party , such as a litigation funder .

express electrical distributors ltd ( “ express ” ) is a company which trades in the wholesale supply of electrical goods . edge electrical limited ( “ edge ” ) was in the business of installing electrical equipment in high value properties . in about 2011 , edge became a customer of express and purchased significant quantities of goods from express every month or so . in order to utilize the maximum credit to which edge was entitled , edge generally paid for the supplies on the last available payment date allowed under express’s terms and conditions . however , from november 2012 , edge started to pay late . on 29 may 2013 , in response to a number of attempts by express to contact edge , edge made a payment of £30 , 000 to express in respect of goods already supplied .

© 2018 enyo law llp | privacy | terms of business enyo law llp is authorised and regulated by the solicitors regulation authority ( 548866 ) and is a limited liability partnership registered in england and wales with registered number oc356313 . a list of members is open to inspection at the registered office , 11 pilgrim street , london ec4v 6rn , and any reference to a partner of enyo law llp means a member of enyo law llp . our professional rules can be found in the sra code of conduct 2011 and the sra handbook : urltoken

cited – abrath v north eastern railway co hl ( ( 1886 ) 11 app cas 247 ) the plaintiff had brought an action against the company of malicious prosecution . it was rejected by the jury and again on appeal . held : the appeal failed . in an action for damages for the tort of malicious prosecution one of the elements of . .