eesof ( / ˈiːsɒf / eesof ; electronic engineering software ) , today known as keysight eesof eda , is a provider of electronic design automation ( eda ) software that helps engineers design products such as cellular phones , wireless networks , radar , satellite communications systems , and high-speed digital wireline infrastructure .

applications include electronic system level ( esl ) , high-speed digital , rf-mixed signal , device modeling , rf and microwave design for commercial wireless , aerospace , and defense markets .

eesof

eesof <EOT> hp 8510 network analyzer to capture real - world data directly . this decision created the first formal interaction between hp and eesof , and eesof ' s

in september 1993 , hp signed a definitive agreement to acquire eesof . how did this come about , you ask ? the story is that eesof ' s

read 6 fun facts about keysight history . . . - keysight eesof eda | facebook

agilent eesof eda offers both single user software products as well as enterprise - level solutions .

vendor libraries : eesof had amassed a good following of parts vendors that would supply s - parameters in eesof ' s platform – hence the " touchstone " file format - which lives on today .

for detailed information on each product , please refer to the keysight technologies eesof webpage at : urltoken .

eesof ' s first software product was a high frequency linear circuit simulator called " touchstone " . the eesof touchstone program is said to have quickly become popular among many microwave circuit designers in the specialized marketplace of high frequency engineers . as a result , eesof began to realize a small but growing commercial revenue stream generated by touchstone . then in 1984 , eesof independently decided to market links to the then - popular

eesof eda division of agilent technologies , located at 1400 fountain grove parkway , santa rosa ca , 94503 .

eda vendors ! ( moreover , the writer recently learned that agilent eesof eda has continued to flourish , and in 2009 agilent eesof revenues were approximately $ 120 million and the division ' s worldwide employment surpasses 400 ) .

things were going well at eesof , and in december 1987 , the company celebrated its first $ 1 million revenue month .

" eesof " products such as touchstone , libra , and omnisys brought comparable power and ease of use to the pc platform .

as the detailed narrative of the 27 - year eesof evolution began to emerge , it soon became clear that accurate reporting would demand more than one issue of the eda weekly . the writer and the eesof team quickly recognized the historical cues that led to the following structure :

there were many other eesof - hp skirmishes with words and ads during the 1988 to 1993 period that went beyond mere product specs . some were relevant , others were not . for example , a few eesof folks at the time would occasionally challenge hp ' s ultimate commitment to stay in the commercial rf / mw software market . " i think we put all questions to bed about our commitment when hp acquired eesof , "

agilent eesof eda describes itself these days as , " the leading supplier of electronic design automation ( eda ) software for high - frequency and high - speed system , circuit , and modeling applications . " while agilent eesof ' s financials have not been routinely published separately from those of the overall agilent electronic measurement group in which agilent eesof resides , the eda industry generally acknowledges agilent eesof ' s market leadership position in annual revenue generation in its radio frequency ( rf ) niche ( e . g . estimates are as high as 67 % market share in 2009 ) .

prior to founding eesof , abronson was the president of amplica , a microwave amplifier company located in thousand oaks , ca . after amplica was purchased by comsat , abronson formed eesof and immediately hired childs from comsat to manage eesof ' s r & d ; efforts and to introduce a cad methodology . abronson and childs quickly hit upon the innovative value of offering personal design software to a market previously dominated by more expensive , server - based solutions .

eesof often ran ads that always showed food on top of a computer in a covert but successful effort to promote obesity and chair stains in the industry .

libra . ” this writer has been told on solid authority , that the technology behind libra was developed completely within eesof . some external reports have implied that libra came from the hp funded work that ken kundert and other hp employees commercialized from uc berkeley . this implication is patently untrue , say eesof veterans .

plott told the writer . “and today , seventeen years later , agilent eesof remains uniquely committed and out - invests any other vendor in this space . ”

part ii : a future eda weekly article on eesof will encompass the ( a ) post - merger years from1994 until the agilent technologies ' spin - out from hewlett packard and subsequent ipo in 1999 , as well as ( b ) the post spin - out years of rapid agilent eesof expansion from 2000 to 2010 .

randy rhea in the mid 1980’s , eagleware developed its niche serving smaller companies with a cost - effective , easy - to - use , circuit simulation and synthesis tool set . this part of the story will be more relevant in eda weekly part ii of the agilent eesof narrative , because eagleware would eventually join the agilent eesof team via acquisition . in fact , the former eagleware ceo ,

charles plott ( product marketing & planning manager ) . this initial session was the first of several subsequent get - togethers over two elapsed weeks as the structure of the narrative of agilent eesof took shape .

omnisys , the first rf system - level simulator using block diagrams . for years , this was a competitive technical advantage for eesof . hp eventually introduced a system model library in mds to better balance the battlefield .

keysight technologies ( eesof eda ) is a set of designer tools for high - frequency system , circuit and modeling applications . under special agreement between keysight technologies and cmc , the following products are available to university clients :

in 1993 , hewlett - packard acquired eesof ( short for electrical engineering software ) , inc . , in westlake village , california , a recognized leader in eda software on the pc platform . beginning with the touchstone linear simulator in 1983 and adding libra , omnisys , and academy ( for layout ) , eesof had focused on the rapidly expanding personal computer ( pc ) platform and on making eda tools available to every rf and microwave engineer .

many new competitive fronts between eesof and hp emerged during this 5 - year period . it was a time during which both organizations were independently focused in a commercial battle for mindshare among the world ' s rf / mw designers .

the period from 1993 onward was a substantial growth period for the hp eesof organization , with multiple technology innovations , acquisitions , partnerships , and expansions into new markets . these will be the subjects of part ii in this series .

pc vs . unix : eesof clearly had the better pc offering , whereas the hp software was developed predominately for unix . that said , at the time hp had the advantage of being a supplier of both the software and the workstation .

keysight eeda has been training engineers for many years and has perfected the process . a combination of lectures and labs provides hands - on practical experience in an accelerated learning environment . for more information , refer to keysight eesof eda customer education and services .

westlake village , california , usa - keysight eda continues the strong tradition of user - interface and circuit and simulation advances that were begun by eesof , inc . located in southern california , westlake village is about 45 miles ( 70 km ) northwest of los angeles .

jake egbert , now retired , was the gm on the hp side and he led the combined entity for the next seven years . post hp acquisition , chuck abronson didn ' t stay long at eesof , but bill childs helped during the critical transition period for about a year .

sonnet ( and the current , combined agilent eesof eda organization still does ) . but both vendors also decided that it was strategically important to develop their own respective in - house technologies that could be natively integrated into their own platforms . hp had a first - to - market advantage with its

agilent eesof eda provides its customers a broad spectrum of eda software , including applications for microwave ( mw ) , radio frequency ( rf ) , high - frequency , high - speed , rf system , electronic system level ( esl ) , circuit , 3 - d electromagnetic , physical design and device - modeling .

among the hp internally developed software tools of that era was hp ' s own highly capable netlist - driven linear simulator ( named ‘mantis’ within hp ) . there was also a short period wherein hp began to oem the touchstone product from eesof , but this business arrangement didn’t last long , given what was on the hp horizon .

as part of their university educational support program , keysight offers students and instructors access to licenses for many of their electronic engineering software ( eesof ) , including ads , systemvue , genesys , ic - cap , empro , and goldengate . use of the software is for educational purposes only , and not for commercial gain or research .

" one of my first assignments at eesof in 1984 was to develop the industry ' s first interface from a circuit simulator to the recently introduced 8510 network analyzer from hewlett packard , " larry lerner said . " this early experiment validated a critical design and verification methodology that has improved how rf engineers do their work to this day . "

plott . “even today , in some of the markets we serve , we have smaller competitors that try to lure agilent eesof eda back to the pre - 1993 competitively - focused culture . we’re not going back . as long as we stay focused on innovating solutions to our customers’ tough problems , competition seems to work itself out in the long run , " plott asserted .

chuck abronson first called the executive leadership of hp , to explore hp’s willingness to sell off its software group . however , internal to hp , this software group had not only become strategic to hp’s overall portfolio , but also it was growing rapidly – so there was understandably not a lot of hp interest in abronson ' s overture . that’s when the conversation turned to the reverse possibility of hp acquiring eesof .

keysight eesof eda is the leading supplier of electronic design automation ( eda ) software for communications product design . microwave and rf circuit , high - speed , device modeling , and signal - processing design engineers accelerate the development of better products using design flows built on our device modeling , electro - thermal , electromagnetic , circuit and system design and simulation tools . keysight eda applications support the commercial wireless , aerospace and defense industries .

advanced design system ( ads ) is the flagship product from keysight eesof eda , the technology and innovation leader in high - frequency , mixed - signal electronic design automation ( eda ) . it is the only design simulation platform that enables the co - design of ic , package and board in high - frequency and hi - speed applications . ads seamlessly integrates system , circuit , and full 3d electromagnetic simulation with keysight’s test instrumentation to perform single pass successful electronic designs repeatedly .

the immediate aftermath of the merger became an interesting time for the newly - combined business . for years eesof and hp had been essentially focused on each other and the cultures at both companies had been predominately competitive . with the merger in 1993 , the mood is said to have instantly changed . " this marked a period where we had to make a fundamental alteration in our organization . without each other to focus on , we shifted much more attention to our customers ' successes , " said

meanwhile during the 1980s , some other folks were working on applying maxwell ' s equations to solve arbitrary two and three dimensional geometries . sonnet was among the first of these software products . james rautio started sonnet in his home in 1983 , while designing mmics for general electric in syracuse , jumping ship in 1988 and making his first sale the following year . sonnet is still privately held , unlike super compact , eesof , or eagleware . learn more about the early days of sonnet here on their web site .

electromagnetic professional ( empro ) is keysight eesof eda ' s electromagnetic ( em ) simulation software design platform for analyzing the 3d em effects of components such as high - speed and rf ic packages , bondwires , antennas , on - chip and off - chip embedded passives and pcb interconnects . empro em simulation software features a modern design , simulation and analysis environment , high capacity simulation technologies and integration with the industry’s leading rf and microwave circuit design environment , advanced design system ( ads ) for fast and efficient rf and microwave circuit design .

santanu roy february 08 , 2010 reviewed by ' santanu roy ' enjoyed the article . i worked in australia back in the late 80s and we had touchstone and academy later . thoroughly loved using them for microwave circuit design ( amplifiers and passive circuits ) . still used to use rubylith then and had to buy that silly diamond head cutter and ruby from the states . used to have a great time with the eesof team writing bug reports ( even visted eesof once when back packing trip from australia - very nerdy ! ! ) . when series 4 came it was hard to get used to but we used it ( altghough i seemed to remember many did not make the switch and kept the older versions ) - microwave engineers getting angry at sw - now there ' s a sight . we had eagleware also but used it for the filter synthesis tool now i use awr at work but i am evaluating ads - ads is the best ! ! ! ! love it ( and i have used ansoft also ) ! ! ! ! still learning lots and still enjoy circuit design even after 20 years . 30 of 31 found this review helpful . was this review helpful to you ? ( report this review as inappropriate )

comsat could read the writing on the wall and eventually offered super - compact - pc , a version of which could run on an ibm pc . they added their own layout tool , auto - art . however , supercompact pc was a " chopped - up " version of the large mainframe program , while touchstone was written for the pc architecture , taking advantage of the new operating system , and the decade - long leadership of compact software was successfully challenged by eesof . after comsat lost interest in cad , compact software again became a private company , owned by ulrich rohde . it was located across the street from his other microwave enterprise , synergy microwave , in beautiful patterson nj , birthplace of funnyman lou costello .

compact was bought out by comsat in 1980 , and les besser was associated with it for three more years only . during that time a third - generation version , supercompact was released that became the industry standard . while the compact software group was fat , dumb and happy , a revolution started in the early 1980s , due to the ibm personal computer . even with its incredibly limited memory and low speed , some visionaries recognized that microwave design would some day be done on this type of platform . two specific groups of visionaries included some california dudes from " the valley " , who chose the name eesof , and some guys located at stone mountain georgia ( near dogpatch ) , who chose the really cool name circuit busters ( who ya gonna call ? )

i can add a little background to the touchstone story . i worked at amplica during the period of time when eesof was formed . our president chuck a . had sold the company to comsat the year before i joined ; comsat had also bought compact software the year before that . one of the comsat engineers that had worked with the compact part of the business ( bill childs ) was transferred to amplica to help develop our amplifier designs . it was bill who authored touchstone . he would carry a compaq portable pc back and forth to work every day ( it looked like a sewing machine in its case ) , and thatâ€™s the platform he developed much of the code on . chuck was the money and business man , he made no technical contributions to the program .

to analyze circuits using touchstone , you had to have two display screens for your pc , one for handling the netlist and the other for displaying results . one huge innovation they are credited with is the ability to " tune " the circuit and watch the response move . touchstone required a hardware key on the printer port to keep track of the license , making it portable as well . by 1987 eesof ' s touchstone was linked with a crude layout tool ( micad ) , and a version of spice . another cool program they offered was anacat , which allowed you to control a hewlett packard 8510 network analyzer or the equivalent wiltron ana from a pc , and be able to sort data in an acceptable format for reading into touchstone . by this time the guys at compact must have soiled themselves with fear for their jobs .

eesof was a well financed enterprise from the beginning , the brainchild of chuck abronson and a former compact employee , bill childs . their first product was called touchstone , introduced in 1983 . we don ' t think the name was an acronym . to the user , it seemed like they had ripped off the entire compact netlist interface , but behind that they had created an entirely new engine ( another hardware term unfortunately ripped off by geeks ) . it must have been very efficient , because it ran fast enough on an ibm - at pc so that it wasn ' t too annoying ( no doubt you had to spring for the math coprocessor on the pc ) . it also could run on h - p minicomputers . this quickly got a lot of attention from engineers who were sick of mainframes , where they generally had to play second fiddles to accounting and data processing departments .

peoples republic of eda cafe ? february 06 , 2010 reviewed by ' chairman mao ' i can only guess that my review will not be posted . . . or not for very long anyways . . . . what is wrong with this website ? it seems that if anyone has a different viewpoint from the author they get their opinions deleted . this is why john cooley is the best source of information on eda tools at deepchip . com . he is the only one that allows users to strike back when eda companies and pr people try to make lies about eda tools . i cannot believe such a story about eesof . i use other eda tools in japan , but it is not a competitor . . . yet this story seems like a fable not a true perspective . anyway . . . i will not waste time writing my opinion anymore since the editors just delete what they do not like . 28 of 47 found this review helpful . was this review helpful to you ? ( report this review as inappropriate )

hp acquires optimization systems associates , expands cae software portfolio . - free online library

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hp ships atm solution ; award - winning hp advancestack switch 2000 now offers connection to atm networks .

cae process technologies acquisition further strengthens hyprotech ' s suite of products and services .

hp extends commitment to cocreate software , inc . with three - year , multimillion dollar contract for soliddesigner , onespace and me10 .

hp teams with isvs to provide complete large - format printing solutions for mcad professionals ; customers reap benefits of faster , easier printing .

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goldengate rfic simulation and analysis software is an advanced simulation and analysis solution for integrated mixed signal rfic designs that is fully integrated into the cadence analog design environment ( ade ) . goldengate is part of keysight ' s rfic simulation , analysis and verification solution that also includes momentum for 3 - d planar electromagnetic simulation , systemvue & ptolemy wireless test benches for system - level verification , and the advanced design system ( ads ) data display for advanced data analysis . this suite links the rf system , subsystem , and component - level design and analysis as part of a unique and comprehensive rfic design flow .

the most advanced simulation and analysis solution for integrated mixed signal rfic designs . goldengate software is fully integrated into the cadence analog design environment ( ade ) .

provides dedicated simulation licenses for parallel corner and monte carlo based verification at a reasonable price .

keysight’s rf and microwave design and simulation tools provide the most complete solution for creating robust designs with first pass success and high yield in mmic , rf - mixed signal ic , rf board , rf sip and rf module technologies .

high - speed , high - freq . effects such as ringing and overvoltage from layout parasitics

click here to check out our main history page . if cad history interests you , visit our microwave cad page , our microwave hall of fame , and our page on historical microwave test equipment !

this was les besser ' s precursor to compact . in his own words :

speedy is not an acronym , we just wanted to advertise its speed , compared to the early day time - domain simulators that operated at low frequencies .

the second - generation program , compact , had circuit - optimization and it was commercially introduced through six different timeshare companies . its transistor databank , in addition to the fairchild products , also included other manufacturers ' devices . in - house installations began in 1973 , with communication research center ( crc ) of canada being the first one . see more on compact below . "

according to robert p . ( bob ) coats , one of the first cad tool for microwave circuits , cain - 01 , was developed about 1971 for use by designers at texas instruments . cain - 01 was available on an ibm 360 computer and accessed using punched cards . it was never marketed by the corporation . here we quote bob ' s historical perspective on this achievement :

" cain - 01 stands for " computer aided integrated networks version 1 " . in july 1973 i published a paper in the july issue of the mtt transactions of the ieee . i used the software on the work described , and referenced an article by its designers . the authors were t . w . houston , l . w . dyer , and g . j . policky . the paper was entitled " computer - aided design of microwave integrated circuits " and it was published in the august 1969 ieee wescon convention record . the software was developed initially in support of the first phased array development program at texas instruments ( the mera program ) . the software was widely used by microwave circuit designers at ti for many years . "

for a while in the 80 ' s i had a program called " cadec " that ran on a hp 9845 desktop . it was stored on a hp - 200 tape cassette and did ok with passive circuits . it relied mostly on abcd parameters and z / y matrix analysis ( like in low frequency ac circuit analysis with matrices ) . the cool part was it came in rocky mountain basic and you could go in and change anything , add new circuit elements , and mess around with display options . at the time martin marietta was strongly opposed to pc ' s due to a very entrenched computer department , and we would order hp computers as " instrument controllers " so we could get some free computing power . i may still have a manual around .

for most of us , in the beginning , there was compact . the acronym stands for " computer optimization of microwave passive and active circuits " . introduced in 1973 , it was the only commercially - available microwave circuit optimization software product available during the disco years ( in - house programs at general electric and texas instruments were capable of analysis without optimization , see above ) . during the hippy epoch and for all times before , microwave design was done using a smith chart and a pencil and even the simplest designs took many months to develop . les besser was the originator of the compact program , and appears in our microwave hall of fame for laying the groundwork for microwave cad industry . les is a hungarian - canadian - american . born and raised in hungary , he escaped to the west in 1956 , became a canadian citizen in 1961 , later moved to the u . s . a . and was naturalized to usa citizenship in 2000 . welcome aboard !

les besser submitted a description of his compact computer program to the ieee circuit theory transaction for publication in 1972 , but they rejected it , perhaps because it didn ' t contain enough fancy equations . . . below les besser fills us on this chapter of microwave history in an email to microwaves101 dated september 1 , 2004 :

" the article you mentioned was initially rejected by the ieee circuit theory ( now circuits and systems ) group . i felt quite bad at first , until i found out that phil smith ' s original article on the smith chart was also rejected with " no practical contribution " comment . after rewriting the compact article ( removing most of the explanations and adding lots of complex matrix equations ) it was published . "

" the 201 mclean boulevard patterson location on route 20 near the river is and was a nice location and compact was in a fancy building . no need to shoot at patterson

when i bought the company from comsat , both the main frame version and the pc version where unstable and models such as t - junctions , crosses and others fairly inaccurate at higher frequencies . becoming a partner in the darpa mimic program , and mostly financed from earnings rather the darpa money , these things were changed by developing em - based models , and verified by raytheon and texas instruments .

n - dimensional nodal noise analysis for all types of both linear and nonlinear circuits , including oscillators , mixers and amplifiers under large signal conditions .

em - based models with extremely short computational time replacing lookup tables and curve fittings . the multi - coupled line model by itself is a full em - based simulator with extreme accuracy .

the first complete nodal - based harmonic balance simulator with the most stable convergence for multi - tone analysis , and still the leading approach in the industry . this is important for mixers ( 3 - tones ) and n - stage designs where more harmonics are generated .

complete nonlinear microwave nonlinear models , much improved over the spice - type models , and new important models such as gaas , hbt ( even physics based ) and others became available .

a new yield analysis capability was added and other improvements in optimization ( nonlinear optimization ) were made . as an important example , oscillators can be optimized for best phase .

there were a large number of other enhancements made and utility programs added . after the merger with ansoft , the harmonica program became ansoft designer . "

ulrich l . rohde , phd , ex - president compact software , chairman of synergy microwave company .

did we mention that ulrich was on the ansoft board of directors in 2004 ? ulrich had a few other comments but they they sounded too much like free advertising for ansoft so we cropped them out . one part of the original compact , smith tool , is rumored to exist in an ansoft program even today .

at one time , there was a version of compact that could be run as a module on the hp41 programmable calculator , so you could take your designs to the " reading room " . thanks to dave , who still has a copy !

we need to add some history here , but for now we ' ll just copy some stuff we grabbed from the ansoft web site . ansoft was founded in pittsburgh pennsylvania in 1984 by dr . zoltan cendes . at some point they merged with supercompact .

attention intel and other politically correct companies . . . the word " bastard " is not a " swear word " , it means illegitimate . did you know that bastards are a fast growing demographic in the good ' ol diverse usa ? just ask your kids or grandkids how many of their little friends have parents that never married . maybe someday the ieee will form an interest group called " microwave transactions from bastards " , or mtb for short !

in case you are looking for mr . abronson , he ' s now chairman of cap wireless .

circuit busters ( what ' s with all the capital letters that were used in the 1980s ? ) , was founded in 1985 , by a filter designer randy rhea . while his team was at the task of developing a competing product for linear analysis , they put together some filter synthesis software . the first product was called star and you could buy it from a little ad in the back pages of trade mags for $ 99 ( and they took visa and mastercard , another brilliant move not anticipated by compact ) , delivered on a 5 . 5 inch floppy disc . this was truly an unheard of price , probably less than the square - root of what compact was selling for . we asked randy about this , and he recalled that he had to rethink the original price , considering the limited market . circuit - busters " second generation " product was called super - star and was marketed at $ 595 less than two years later .

since circuit busters was a garage shop , they didn ' t get around to putting a key on the software until future versions . either they had some financial help from their in - laws , or they didn ' t quit their day jobs for a few years . below is the earliest advertisement we could turn up for circuit busters ( mw & rf january 1987 ) , featuring an earnest - looking and young randy rhea ( nice tie ! ) , who personally guarantees his software . the unknown editor liked the price , and still has a copy of super star 1 . 0 somewhere under a pile of other priceless artifacts !

what happened to circuit busters ? they renamed the company eagleware in 1991 , and they are a huge success ( ask any of their well - treated employees ! ) eagleware is an inspiration to microwave garage operations all over the world , such as a certain microwave web site . in 2005 , eagleware sold out to agilent . time will tell if the eagleware linear simulator survives , it certainly undermines the sales of ads . as paul harvey might say , " now you know the rrreeest of the story !

a relative newcomer to microwave cad is applied wave research . this company was founded by a couple of ex - hughes mmic designers , well before raytheon bought hughes and deep - sixed their gallium arsenide operations foundry . in any case , awr ' s microwave office is a slick package that combines a linear simulator with e - m analysis . they even allow you to plug in em software from their competitors , such as sonnet . interoperability is the name of the game going forward , these dudes know what they are doing .

here ' s your opportunity to help us , there are other software products out there that we ' d like to know the history of .

in 1992 , zeland software started offering ie3d , in competition with ansoft ' s hfss .

the first nonlinear simulators ( besides spice products ) also arrived in the late 1980s , and used harmonic balance techniques .

today , there is huge competition from software vendors for your microwave analysis budget . enjoy it ! we ' ll add more history of microwave software later , especially if some more of you " founding fathers " contribute !

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genesys is an affordable , accurate , easy - to - use rf and microwave circuit synthesis and simulation tool created for the circuit board and subsystem designer . automatic circuit synthesis of matching networks , filters , oscillators , mixers , transmission lines , pll and signal routing structures enable engineers without prior expertise to design these components quickly .

the genesys synthesis collection is consistently the best selling bundle because no other equivalent capabilities are available in the market at such an affordable price . as a proven safe investment with an installed base of over 5 , 000 satisfied designers , genesys literally pays for itself within the first year of deployment by eliminating wasteful hardware iterations through automated circuit synthesis and accurate design .

discontinued genesys model numbers [ discontinued ] product support information for discontinued and obsolete genesys model numbers .

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simulate your new design using a complete library of standards - based circuits and design guides in an easy to use interface .

the first 3d electromagnetic ( em ) simulation software platform that completely integrates 3d em simulation and the ads circuit simulation software .

high accuracy , easy - to - use rf / microwave synthesis and simulation software created for the circuit board and subsystem designer .

advanced simulation and analysis integrated into the cadence analog design environment for integrated mixed signal rfic designs .

ic thermal simulator for chips and stacked - die system - in - package that computes the full - chip temperature profile at the spatial resolution of your devices and interconnects .

dc and rf semiconductor device modeling including accurate compact models for high - speed / digital , analog , and power rf circuit design applications .

a one - stop solution that provides both automation and flexibility for silicon device modeling .

automated spice model library validation , comparison , and documentation for device manufacturers , foundries , and ic design companies .

wafer - level measurement and programming test software for use with a variety of instruments and wafer probes .

automated wafer - level tests with built - in routines for bipolar junction transistor ( bjt ) , field - effect transistor ( fet ) , diode , resister , and circuit evaluations .

focused electronic design automation environment for electronic system - level design , enabling system architects and algorithm developers to innovate the physical layer ( phy ) of next - generation communications systems .

optimize designs with software tools for exploring a broad range of signals and over 75 different standards and vector modulation formats , including those for 5g , iot , radar , and more .

validate 5g designs with a unified software package for calibration , signal creation , and analysis .

simplify development of custom waveforms by connecting library sources to output mixed signals to a variety of vector and arbitrary waveform generators .

perform complete 3d planar em simulation including parasitics for standard and arbitrary design geometries .

integrated circuit characterization and analysis program ( ic - cap ) is the industry standard for dc and rf semiconductor device modeling . ic - cap extracts accurate compact models used in high speed / digital , analog and power rf applications . today’s most advanced semiconductor foundries and idms rely on ic - cap for modeling silicon cmos , bipolar , compound gallium arsenide ( gaas ) , gallium nitride ( gan ) and many other device technologies . ic - cap is the most advanced , customizable modeling software and includes measurement , simulation , optimization and statistical analysis tools .

ic - cap device modeling platform bundle provides the basic tools you need to start modeling devices and circuits .

the ic - cap core environment provides data management , visualization and programming capabilities ( with pel ) . it includes multiplot & gui studio , mathematical transforms & macros and the link to sql databases .

enables analysis or simulation of device behavior using provided advanced design system ( ads ) or spice3 simulators or by linking directly to supported external simulators . includes ads linear , transient and verilog - a capabilities .

datapro applies statistical analysis to analyze measured data , identify outliers devices and dies and to select the golden and corner dies . it automatically imports measured data from waferpro and the new sql database .

support for dc , c - v , ac , time and noise measurements . includes drivers for dc analyzers , c - v meters and impedance analyzers , network analyzers , oscilloscopes and dynamic signal analyzers .

discontinued ic - cap model numbers [ discontinued ] product support information for discontinued and obsolete ic - cap model numbers .

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please note that contributed articles , blog entries , and comments posted on urltoken are the views and opinion of the author and do not necessarily represent the views and opinions of the management and staff of internet business systems and its subsidiary web - sites .

by russ henke - contributing editor posted anew every four weeks or so , the eda weekly delivers to its readers information concerning the latest happenings in the eda industry , covering vendors , products , finances and new developments . frequently , feature articles on selected public or private eda companies are presented . brought to you by edacafe . com . if we miss a story or subject that you feel deserves to be included , or you just want to suggest a future topic , please contact us ! questions ? feedback ? click here . thank you !

the ever increasing data rates in high speed digital circuit boards and chips . beyond pure rf and microwave applications , agilent ' s eda technology is also helping signal integrity engineers deal with the complex issues created by these high speed data rates . indeed , without such software design & analysis tools , high data rates can often lead to electronic systems that do not work at all .

designcon® conference & exhibition is just around the corner , scheduled for february 1 - 4 , 2010 at the santa clara , ca convention center .

designcon is widely acknowledged as the definitive event for electronic design experts spanning chip , package , board , and system domains , addressing common issues in signal integrity , power management , interconnection , and design verification .

one unique aspect about this eda organization is that its software is also used internally by hundreds of agilent rf / mw engineers to help analyze and design most of agilent ' s commercially - offered test and measurement equipment . " no doubt software is critically important , but at some point you actually need to build a circuit . agilent , and prior to that hp , has always seen a strategic link between eda and actual physical measurement . we often share algorithms , use models , and innovations across platforms – whether in the eda or in the measurement world " , said

plott . " whether measuring or simulating s - parameters in linear circuits , or x - parameters [ 1 ] in nonlinear circuits , we believe both software and test equipment are critical parts of a designer ' s tool box . "

[ 1 ] numbers in brackets designate footnotes at the end of this article .

offering software tools " for every rf / microwave engineer " at multiple user companies . ( “rf” range = 300 hz to 3000 ghz ) .

" , the first available version of spice with active , passive and distributed circuit models that permitted spice to be used effectively at high frequencies . ( spice is an acronym for simulation program with integrated circuit emphasis and is a general - purpose analog electronic circuit simulator . now 37 years old , spice was first developed at the university of california at berkeley , and announced in 1973 . later versions of spice are still widely used today in ic and board - level design to predict circuit behavior . by 1985 spice had become a standard computer program

anacat , a computer - aided testing tool that could import experimental test results directly into the software simulation environment .

hewlett packard company ( hp ) was internally developing solely for its own use , very capable software tools for analyzing and designing high performance instrumentation .

to give its hardware businesses performance and time - to - market advantages over competition . such software tools for the most part were not then available commercially . moreover , even if similar tools were commercially available from other suppliers , many manufacturing managers back then still believed that by using their own internally - developed proprietary software , they gained extra , unique advantages .

for by 1987 , folks who were at hp at that time have told the writer that several business plans and product specification documents were circulating internally within hp . at this point it was clear that hp was committed to building up its

computer - aided engineering ( cae ) organization to enter the commercial eda market . from the original business plans , one key motivation of hp to ‘go commercial ' was the desire by hp to provide a complete portfolio to all rf / mw r & d ; designers – i . e . both software and measurement . this fundamental business driver remains in effect today .

beyond hp’s linear simulator , two additional important developments were also underway on the hp side . first was the development of a complete schematic capture interface with graphical layout and back - annotation – a major change to the older netlist approaches being used previously . the second was the result of research that hp funded at uc berkeley , where an hp employee named ken kundert and others within hp developed the first nonlinear , frequency domain simulator ( harmonic balance ) . with the linear simulator , the design framework , the new nonlinear simulator and the required models , hp

eagleware ( formerly named chip busters in earlier days ) was also quietly building up a large following in another segment of the market . founded by

academy , a front - end schematic capture user interface for both touchstone and libra .

hfss . hp sent a project manager to pittsburgh to help manage the project and bring the original hfss product to market . hp introduced this product on the cover of the february 1990 issue of microwave journal .

momentum product , which came to market in 1992 . ( over the next 18 years , as

momentum advanced , it became one of the most successful and trusted em technologies in the market ) .

hp impulse , the first convolution time - domain simulator that allowed the accurate inclusion of frequency domain models to help neutralize this part of the battlefield .

by this point both companies had grown to be about the same size , at approximately $ 20 million each in annual revenue . ( the newly merged entity was estimated to be at just over $ 40 million in 1994 revenue ) .

once merged , the two companies jointly marketed a combined and rationalized portfolio of simulation and analysis tools worldwide , eventually providing design solutions for applications including cellular telephones , wireless lans , collision - avoidance radar , defense electronics and satellite communications links .

chuck abronson era from its independent inception in 1983 until its merger with the hewlett packard company in 1993 . a subsequent

jim mcgillivary years following the agilent technologies ' spin - out from hewlett packard and ipo in 1999 , up to the beginning of 2010 .

[ 1 ] x - parameters is a registered trademark of agilent technologies . the x - parameter format and underlying equations are open and documented . for more information visit

embarrassed february 08 , 2010 reviewed by ' i ' m embarrassed ' i ' m personally embarrassed by chris ' response and similar rhetoric from others @ corporate . take a look at cooley ' s anonymous tip . guess where it comes from . we don ' t need to stoop to this kind of behavior . we have a good product . why can ' t we compete on that . i don ' t believe what i ' m told from above . most of us don ' t . all this whining and hate reflects badly on the us and badly on me personally . at least agilent has standards they try to live up to . i wish we has the same . 34 of 39 found this review helpful . was this review helpful to you ? ( report this review as inappropriate )

think before you post february 08 , 2010 reviewed by ' rational engineer ' i enjoyed your article russ . also , it’s probably not what was intended , but i think awr’s response above says more about their company than it does about their competitor featured in your interview . you’ve got to wonder if this is the tone and culture sponsored from the ceo on down . that would never fly in my company . so i guess i would say that i’m indeed influenced by the awr response , but probably not in the way they intended for me to be . 35 of 38 found this review helpful . was this review helpful to you ? ( report this review as inappropriate )

© 2018 internet business systems , inc . 25 north 14th steet , suite 710 , san jose , ca 95112 + 1 ( 408 ) 882 - 6554 — contact us , or visit our other sites :

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pierce-arrow motor car company was an american automobile manufacturer based in buffalo , new york , which was active from 1901 to 1938 .

although best known for its expensive luxury cars , pierce-arrow also manufactured commercial trucks , fire trucks , camp trailers , motorcycles , and bicycles .

pierce - arrow motor car company

pierce - arrow motor car company <EOT> 1927 pierce arrow pierce - arrow motor car co . buffalo , ny 1901 - 1938

the records of pierce - arrow motor car company consist of the company ' s legal papers between 1906 and 1936 .

click the button below to add the pierce - arrow motor car company 1925 to your wish list .

in 1907 , pierce sold all of his rights to the company and in 1908 , pierce motor company was renamed the pierce - arrow motor car company . pierce died in 1910 . herbert dawley joined pierce - arrow in 1912 and designed most of the new models until the company’s demise in 1938 .

the company from which the pierce - arrow motor car company developed was organized in buffalo in 1870 . it changed its name to the george n . pierce company in 1896 , and then again in 1909 to become the pierce - arrow motor car company . for several decades the company manufactured high quality luxury automobiles .

pierce - arrow motor car company , 1906 - 1936 ( bulk 1918 - 1934 ) , are open for research .

pierce - arrow motor car company legal records , 1906 - 1936 ( bulk 1918 - 1934 ) at the buffalo history museum . research library

the pierce - arrow motor car company represents a significant era of buffalo ' s growth , prosperity , innovation and ingenuity . the museum honors and preserves the company’s prestigious history .

after studebaker failed in an attempt to buy the white motor company in 1932 , they sold all their stock on pierce - arrow for one million dollars . they still went into receivership the next year and officers of white motor company were appointed to run studebaker in 1933 . pierce - arrow motor car company was sold at auction in 1938 .

it was in 1909 that george pierce added the arrow to the name and changed the company name to the pierce - arrow motor car company . the famous fender headlamp was added in 1913 and remained their most identifying feature .

the pierce - arrow motor car company was a symbol of one of buffalo’s most significant eras of growth , prosperity and of american innovation and ingenuity .

in 1957 , , the pierce - arrow society was founded to promote the preservation of pierce - arrow products . the pierce - arrow society sums up the legacy of the pierce - arrow this way :

in november 1932 , the company sold its truck business to the white motor company , a studebaker subsidiary . from that date forward pierce - arrow manufactured passenger automobiles exclusively .

1928 reo flying cloud reo motor car co . lansing , mi 1904 - 1936

in late 1906 , the pierce arrow motor car company moved into their new location at 1695 elmwood avenue at great arrow , on the northwest corner of the site of the pan - american exposition .

the george n . pierce company became the pierce - arrow motor car company in 1908 and began manufacturing larger luxurious automobiles for an affluent market . pierce - arrow’s luxury brand was featured in advertisements that were quietly artistic and sophisticated . pierce - arrows were marketed as much more than a car . they were symbols of wealth and status .

starting in 1936 pierce - arrow produced a line of camper - trailers , the pierce - arrow travelodge .

things were going well for the pierce - arrow motor car company . really well . but , as you know , nothing lasts forever . tune in as scott and ben discuss the eventual fate of this once - great american car company .

the buffalo transportation pierce - arrow museum honors and preserves the company’s long and prestigious history .

this early 20th century luxury - car manufacturer was at one time better known for producing common household items . join scott and ben as they explore the rich history of the pierce - arrow motor car company .

1927 peerless 6 - 72 peerless motor car co . cleveland , oh 1900 - 1931

1927 moon sedan moon motor car co . st . louis , mo 1905 - 1930

1927 jewett sedan paige - detroit motor car co . detroit , mi 1923 - 1927

the depression years took a toll on the luxury car manufacturers of the country , pierce - arrow included . as it became increasingly difficult for pierce - arrow to survive as an independent maker of luxury automobiles , the pierce - arrow motor car company was reorganized as the pierce - arrow corporation and made a final effort at staying alive with an all new line for 1936 . as the final pierce - arrow cars were being built , pierce - arrow also tried to enter the travel trailer market with the pierce travelodge .

- - the depression years took a hard toll on the luxury car manufacturers of the country , pierce - arrow included . as it became increasingly difficult for pierce - arrow to survive as an independent maker of luxury automobiles , the pierce - arrow motor car company was reorganized as the pierce - arrow corporation and made a final effort at staying alive with an all new line for 1936 . as the final pierce - arrow cars were being built , pierce - arrow also tried to enter the travel trailer market with the pierce travelodge .

in the court of the united states , the pierce - arrow motor car company versus the united states , no . b - 422 ; plaintiff ' s reply brief . page 461 .

1928 elcar coupe elkhart carriage & motor car co . elkhart , ind . 1915 - 1933

in the matter of the pierce - arrow motor car company , debtor . proceedings for the reorganization of a corporation , no . 22145 , rudder section 77 - b of the bankruptcy law .

in 1928 the company merged with studebaker , although pierce - arrow apparently operated as a separate entity .

the 1919 pierce - arrow model 48 - b 7 - passenger touring car is shown above .

an outgrowth of the former george n . pierce company of buffalo , new york - - one - time bicycle manufacturer and , earlier , bird cage maker - - the pierce - arrow motor car company had achieved a position of prominence by the mid - teens .

court of claims of the united states , no . b - 4223336 ( decided nov . 5 , 1923 ) , the pierce - arrow - motor car company versus the united states . 8 pp .

by 1934 , pierce - arrow was losing money and the company was reorganized with a loan from new york bankers . in 1936 , the company brought out its last all new model . pierce - arrow declared insolvency in 1938 . the company’s chief engineer , karl wise , assembled the final pierce - arrow a few months later from parts obtained from the company’s receivers .

1925 pierce arrow expermential sedan the george n . pierce co . buffalo , ny 1901 - 1938

in the court of claims of the united states , no . b - 422 ; the pierce - arrow motor car company , plaintiff , versus the united states of america , defendant . evidence . page 444 .

topics in this podcast : pierce - arrow motor car company , george n . pierce , percy pierce , american automobile manufacturing , new york , luxury cars , upscale cars , expensive cars , presidential cars , william howard taft , bicycles , motorcycles , trucks , fire trucks , studebaker

in the court of claims of the united states , no . b - 422 ; the pierce - arrow - motor car company , plaintiff , versus the united states of america , defendant . pp . 403 - 443 .

in 1903 , pierce brought out the arrow , a two - cylinder car . the following year , the company brought out the great arrow , a larger , more luxurious car for an upscale market . the four - cylinder car was successful and had a reputation for reliability .

[ description and dates ] , box / folder number , mss . c76 - 1 , pierce - arrow motor car company legal records , 1906 - 1936 ( bulk 1918 - 1934 ) , research library , buffalo history museum .

court of claims of the united states , no . b - 422 ; the pierce - arrow motor car company , plaintiff , versus the united states of america , defendant . evidence for the plaintiff . pp . 301 - 390

in the court of claims of the united states , no . b - 422 ; the pierce - arrow motor car company , plaintiff , versus the united states of america , defendant . evidence . pp . 391 - 401 .

1929 hupmobile sedan model m opera coupe hupp motor car corp . detroit , mi cleveland , oh 1908 - 1940

the pierce - arrow motor car company was officially launched in 1908 . prior to this year , the company had been known as the george n . pierce co . the great arrow cars were named pierce - arrow . this was also the year that the pierce family left the company . percy pierce remained active for a few years , concentrating his efforts in the old hanover street factory with the pierce cycle company . pierce continued to build bicycles and also one and four cylinder motorcycles until 1914 . the bicycles continued on , however , as the tooling was sold to the emblem mfg . co . , in angola , new york , that continued to build " pierce " bicycles for almost twenty years .

- - in addition to the passenger car line , the pierce - arrow motor car company had other product lines . the commercial line built heavy - duty trucks for commercial and military uses for twenty years . the bicycle business , headed by percy pierce , produced some of the finest bicycles and motorcycles of the time .

pierce - arrow sales did not do well and in 1933 studebaker sold pierce - arrow to a group of buffalo , new york businessmen for $ 1 million . studebaker had spent $ 5 . 7 million to acquire pierce - arrow .

by 1920 , pierce - arrow offered models in about 60 combinations of body styles and chassis . colonel george mixter , president of the pierce - arrow motor car company , trimmed the offerings back to one chassis with ten factory body styles . leon rubay and james way designed the bodies and the steering wheel was moved to the left side .

in 1934 , the pierce - arrow models featured more rounded bodies with less chrome . the tail lights were formed into the rear fenders , similar to the pierce - arrow headlights . pierce - arrow offered ten body styles with both eight and twelve cylinder engines . in 1934 , pierce - arrow made only 1 , 740 cars .

1925 rollin model g sedan rollin motor co . cleveland , oh 1923 - 1925

the george n . pierce company started toward the line that would make them famous in 1903 with the introduction of the arrow . a bigger car with the engine mounted in the front of the car rather than under the car , the arrow carried four adults and was powered by a 15 - hp dedion engine . a pierce made engine followed in 1904 . the arrow paved the path for the great arrow , which made its debut in 1904 . the great arrow used a 93 inch wheelbase and featured a four cylinder pierce engine . the great arrow also introduced the user of cast aluminum body panels . the great arrow also had a great price : $ 4000 ! the great arrow defined the basic car that pierce would produce , with refinements , for the next several years . it was the great arrow that helped gain pierce its great reputation by winning the first five glidden tours .

pierce company / pierce - arrow company - table of contents . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . automobile industry in buffalo

1926 rickenbacker boattail coupe rickenbacker motor co . , detroit , mi . 1922 - 1927

1926 model r rugby 1922 - 192durant motor co . of new jersey 1922 - 1928

during the late nineteenth century , a number of the fledgling automobile companies had been originally carriage manufacturers . the history of pierce - arrow , however , starts in 1865 with a company which was known for making delicate , gilded birdcages . in 1872 , george norman pierce bought out his partners in heinz , pierce and munshauer and changed the name of the company to george n . pierce company . in 1896 , the company expanded to bicycles . in 1900 , the company made its first venture into automobiles with a steam - powered car . the venture failed .

pierce - arrow , called " the american rolls royce " , is arguably the finest american car ever made , began at the turn of the century , but its founder , george norman pierce started a manufacturing company long before his car venture . by world war i , pierce - arrow quality and engineering was beyond reproach . its name alone evoked all that wealth could buy . but , resistant to change , the company died a slow death . pierce - arrow , reflecting on the premise that " the company would never compromise quality and make a cheap car " . pierce - arrow was the forerunner in aluminum bodies , dual - valve engines , power brakes and hydraulic tappets . about 85 , 000 pierce arrows were built , but fewer than 2 , 000 exist .

xiv . action : court of claims , pierce - arrow vs . the united state .

in the hatter of the pierce - arrow . motor car company , debtor . no . 22145 . first report of edward r . bosley , special master , second report of edward r . bosley , special master , and third and final report of edward r . bosley , special master .

1927 gardner 8 cylinder sedan gardner motor co . st louis , mo . 1919 - 1931

. it was a process unique to the pierce - arrow motor car co . the necessity for this innovation was the same as that which forced the simultaneous development of the conventional automobile body technology of the time : stresses brought on by the ope

pierce - arrow also supplied 8 and 12 cylinder engines to the seagrave corporation for use in fire engines . these engines continued to be made even after pierce - arrow ceased operation in 1938 . seagrave continued to deliver fire apparatus with the " pierce - arrow " v - 12 until 1970 .

the 1920 ' s ended for pierce - arrow with another overhaul of the product line and renewed optimism based on financial soundness . while rumors about mergers with companies such as general motors , lafayette and rolls - royce circulated in the 20 ' s , none came true until controlling interest of the pierce - arrow motor car company was purchased by the studebaker corporation in 1928 . while the two companies maintained independent engineering and manufacturing operations , pierce - arrow ' s future was influenced by its major stockholder , studebaker .

in august 1928 the controlling stock of the company was sold to the studebaker corporation , and many of the pierce - arrow executives were replaced by employees of studebaker .

“for 38 years , the pierce - arrow motor car company in buffalo , new york , produced some of the finest automobiles made . at the time , pierce - arrows could be found anywhere the rich and powerful worked and played . for over 20 years , pierce - arrow supplied cars to the white house for the use of the president . they also sold cars to the royal families of japan , persia , saudi arabia , greece , and belgium . ”

1929 ford model a coca cola truck ford motor co . detroit , mi . 1903 - date

boxes ( nos . 23 & 24 ) were donated by mr . william b . h . sawyer in june of 1977 , and are additions to the existing collection . they concern the creditors committee - davidson , wurster , and fisher . the papers are legal documents , correspondence concerning claims against the company and a suit brought against the united - states by the pierce - arrow motor car company .

during the late months of 1937 , pierce - arrow ' s creditors began to lose faith in the company ' s viability . on may 12 , 1938 at 11 : 36 a . m . , pierce - arrow ' s buildings and machinery were sold to william emblidge .

- - by the end of the first decade of the twentieth century , the pierce automobile was well on its way to becoming the large , expensive automobile pierce - arrow was famous for . the success of the pierce great arrow in the glidden tours made the pierce automobile famous for quality and reliability .

in 1933 , pierce - arrow unveiled the radically streamlined silver arrow in a final attempt to appeal to the wealthy at the new york auto show ; the car was well received by the public and the motoring press . the car was announced with the phrase " suddenly it ' s 1940 ! " and pierce sold five examples of this car , but since it was priced at $ 10 , 000 during the worst of the depression , the rich were hesitant to spend so much on a car . the company subsequently issued a production model named " silver arrow " ; however , it did not incorporate many of the features of the show car and failed to generate sufficient sales for the company .

pierce - arrow introduced larger , more powerful cars in 1915 and 1916 , that offered more luxury options . the company realized profits of $ 4 million per year . pierce - arrow’s success reached its peak during world war i , producing a great number of trucks to be used in the war in europe . the war ended and pierce - arrow’s success and popularity continued to grow .

in 1933 pierce - arrow introduced the silver arrow model at the chicago world’s fair century of progress exposition . the futuristic design was so well received that in 1934 a 12 - cylinder silver arrow model was made available to the public . this is one of the earliest production examples painted to match the original catalog car . all silver arrow production models were similar in design to the world’s fair car .

1927 essex super 6 aluminum sedan deluxe hudson motor co . , detroit , mi . 1908 - 1932

the collection of historic automobiles , bicycles , pierce - arrow memorabilia and much more is unlike any other .

the president of the pierce - arrow society said george pierce was always dedicated to the finest materials and workmanship . " in the decade before 1900 , his bicycles had a reputation which justified prices well above the market average . the same standards were applied when motor car production began in 1901 , " said arnold romberg .

headlights on typical american cars were placed on either side of the radiator . in 1914 , pierce - arrow moved the headlights into flared housings molded into the front fenders . this gave the pierce - arrow a distinctive look and at night the car appeared to have a wider stance .

this collection documents the legal activities of pierce - arrow motor company legal records such as correspondence ; minutes ; organization papers ; contracts ; legal documents concerning lawsuits regarding trademarks , compensation claims , and patents ; and other legal records kept by buffalo law firm of dudley , stowe and sawyer .

n 1907 , the pierce cycle company was formed , separating the bicycle business from the automobile business . percy pierce , son of george pierce , was the company ' s president . in 1909 , the first pierce motorcycle was introduced . at $ 325 , the 4 - cylinder motorcycle was a costly alternative to the other motorcycles of the time . a one - cylinder version was added in 1910 . production continued through 1913 . the pierce cycle company went bankrupt in 1914 .

as the great depression loomed , pierce - arrow drastically changed its approach and released a new line of automobiles .

- - as the great depression started , pierce - arrow entered a new era in its own history . the new straight - eight models of 1929 set record sales for pierce - arrow . a few years later , ab jenkins would shatter existing speed records by driving a twelve - cylinder pierce - arrow on the salt flats of utah .

in 1928 , the studebaker corporation gained control of pierce - arrow . the acquisition of pierce - arrow made studebaker the fourth largest automobile manufacturer in the united states . however , the engineering departments of the two automakers continued to function independently . with studebaker control , pierce - arrow gained a dealer network as their cars could be sold through studebaker dealerships .

as was true for most automobile firms in those early days , pierce - arrow had no foundry of any kind .

when the company split in 1906 , the pierce cycle company was formed and the nameplate changed accordingly . these models were continued with little change until the company dissolution in 1918 . bicycle production diminished during the period due to automobile popularity and focus on motorcycle production . in 1918 , the emblem manufacturing company purchased the pierce assets and again revised the nameplate to reflect the change from buffalo , new york to angola , new york and produced bikes under the pierce name until 1940 .

this 1929 model 133 victoria coupe is part of a collection of original pierce publicity photos . see more classic car pictures .

by dennis adler © car collector magazine , llc . ( click for more car collector magazine articles ) originally appeared in the february 2004 issue

as the company grew , pierce demanded an emphasis on quality be maintained . he continually surrounded himself with executives , engineers and a work force who believed the same . in his book , " pierce - arrow " , author marc ralston has written that executives of the george n . pierce company ( incorporated in 1896 with pierce as president ) were " gentlemen of integrity , wealth and culture , and the quality of their product reflected their character . " the company continued the quality approach until the end in 1938 . it has been written that pierce - arrow , which survived financial crisis in 1913 , 1919 , 1928 and finally in 1937 , because of quality , but higher prices finally got the best of the company because officials refused to introduced lower - priced car , even if it meant closing up shop .

pierce - arrow advertisements were artistic and understated . unusually for automobile advertising , the image of the car was in the background rather than the foreground of the picture . usually only a portion of the automobile was visible . the pierce - arrow was typically depicted in elegant and fashionable settings . some advertisements featured the car in places an automobile would not normally go , such as the west and other rural settings , a testament to car ' s ruggedness and quality .

hile the pierce - arrow became one of the most prestigious automobiles made , the beginnings of pierce - arrow were humble . at the time of the civil war , george pierce began his career in manufacturing household items , including ice - boxes , birdcages , and bathtubs . after being associated with several companies , he formed his own company , the george n . pierce company , in 1878 . at first , the new company followed the product line of earlier companies . as the bicycle craze hit the country in the late nineteenth century , pierce found that the experience gained making wire products , like their bird cages , easily transferred to the manufacture of bicycles . high quality standards and an attractive price made pierce cycles highly desired .

packard motor car company bought studebaker corporation in 1954 and formed studebaker - packard corporation . the resulting company had a hard time competing with general motors , ford and chrysler , and from 1954 to 1958 , studebaker - packard didn’t turn a profit . the 1957 and 1958 packards were actually studebakers with special interiors and trim , and packards were discontinued in 1958 .

an example of the lavish décor in pierce - arrow cars was a 1930 parade car built for the shah of persia . the car cost $ 30 , 000 and featured silk upholstery , gold hardware , siberian wolfhound fur rugs and the royal crest in jewels . with inflation , that car would cost $ 318 , 000 to build today .

after over a year without any truck production , a new line of pierce - arrow trucks were introduced in late 1930 . the four models ranged from the 70 - horsepower , 2 - ton model pt to to the 130 - horsepower , 8 - ton model pz . all trucks used a six - cylinder engine specifically produced for the trucks . in late 1932 , all truck production at pierce - arrow was ceased . the studebaker corporation , who owned controlling interest in pierce - arrow , shifted all truck production to the white motor corporation . trucks with the pierce - arrow name continued to be available from white until 1935 .

pierce was the only luxury brand that did not field a lower price car ( e . g . packard 110 ) to provide cash flow , and without sales or funds for development , the company declared insolvency in 1938 and closed its doors . the final pierce - arrow assembled was built by karl wise , the firm ' s chief engineer , from parts secured from the company ' s receivers . pierce ' s holdings were sold at auction on friday , may 13 , 1938 .

the forerunner of pierce - arrow was established in 1865 as heinz , pierce and munschauer . the company was best known for its household items , and especially its delicate , gilded birdcages . in 1872 , george n . pierce bought out the other two , switching the name to george n . pierce company and in 1896 , bicycles were added to the product range . a failed attempt to build a steam - powered car was made in 1900 with license from overman , but by 1901 pierce built its first single - cylinder two - speed ( no reverse ) moterette with the engine licensed from de dion . in 1904 , a two cylinder was made named the arrow .

pierce - arrow had arrived at the forefront of social preference by 1918 . its most impressive offering that year was the model 66a , a car of such staggering proportions that it literally dwarfed all others .

was once one of the most recognized and respected names in the automobile industry . for 38 years , the pierce - arrow motor car company in buffalo , new york , produced some of the finest automobiles made . at the time , pierce - arrows could be found anywhere the rich and powerful worked and played . for over 20 years , pierce - arrow supplied cars to the white house for the use of the president . they also sold cars to the royal families of japan , persia , saudi arabia , greece , and belgium . scores of congressmen , ambassadors , governors , businessmen , and entertainers chose pierce - arrows for their transportation . a list of some

in 1914 , pierce - arrow adopted its most enduring styling hallmark when the headlights of the vehicle were moved from the traditional placement to either side of the radiator into flared housings molded into the front fenders of the car . this gave the car an immediate visual identification from the side ; at night it gave the car the appearance of a wider stance . pierce trademarked this placement and it remained in place until the final model in 1938 . hence it is only beginning with the 1939 model year that other american car manufacturers put the headlights in the fenders . through 1914 pierce - arrow also produced a line of motorcycles .

in the 1870’s , the george n . pierce company produced common household items such as ice chests and birdcages . pierce used his expertise in metal cage work to transition into the transportation field by manufacturing bicycles .

pierce - arrow was known for many automotive innovations . the most notable and distinctive was the fender light designed by herbert dawley in 1914 . he also designed the hood ornament known as the “helmeted archer , ” which was used on the 1928 pierce - arrow . more stylized archers were used on pierce - arrows through 1938 .

the original company was founded in 1865 as heinz , pierce and munschauer . their products were household items such as iceboxes and birdcages . in 1872 pierce bought out the other two and named the firm the george n . pierce company . bicycles were added to the line in 1896 . in 1900 an attempt was made to build a steam car . that effort failed , but in 1901 they came out with the single cylinder motorette . they made a two - cylinder car named arrow in 1904 . their four - cylinder model was named great arrow . they entered the newly formed glidden tours and won it for the first five years in a row .

by 1909 , pierce ' s health was failing and george k . birge , a wealthy man , who had invested a tidy sum into pierce - arrow , became president in 1910 , a post he held for six years . pierce died in 1910 .

in 1928 , the company was put up for sale as a result of weak sales in the 1920s . the south bend , indiana automobile company studebaker acquired a controlling interest in pierce - arrow . studebaker president alfred r . erskine had hoped that adding the prestigious product to its lineup would allow studebaker to compete with the likes of packard and cadillac for a portion of the luxury car market . under studebaker’s ownership , pierce maintained virtual autonomy over its product and product development . approaching bankruptcy in 1933 , studebaker sold out their interest in pierce - arrow to a group of buffalo businessmen .

- - while world war i was raging in europe , the pierce - arrow line matured into a lineup of three models that would define the pierce - arrow line for a decade . the top of the line was the enormous model 66 with an 825 cubic inch engine . pierce - arrow was also involved in the war effort , sending hundreds of trucks from its commercial line to england and france .

engineering was always a pierce - arrow characteristic . for example , george pierce introduced the first production four - cylinder motorcycle in 1909 and the first automatic power - assisted brakes on an american car in 1933 . the company also introduced the first practical self - adjusting hydraulic valve lifters , also in 1933 , and have been widely used since in almost all automobile engines .

shown above is a 1931 pierce arrow model 41 limousine on display at the western antique aeroplane and automobile museum in hood river , oregon .

my wife was driving and spotted a car she didn’t recognize that was going to the show . she asked me , “what kind of car is that ? ”

this article originally appeared in the january , 2005 issue of hemmings classic car .

originally published in the january , 2005 issue of hemmings classic car . order backissues

pierce - arrow ' s final attempt at the commercial market was in 1935 when they made some 9 and 15 passenger sight - seeing buses .

pierce - arrow continued to manufacture automobiles . prices were dropped considerably in an attempt to appeal to a larger market . toward the end of production , pierce - arrow manufactured its own line of travelodge trailers , complete with gas stoves , ice chests , water tanks and dining areas . 450 travelodge trailers were produced , but the company continued to falter and filed for bankruptcy in 1938 .

ten years later , while speaking to a dealer conference at the factory , herbert m . dawley , one of the important influences on the pierce - arrow cast aluminum body , remarked that " the cast aluminum body is a thing that is distinct and unique in the pierce - arrow factory . it is the one thing that has been developed that you will not find in other cars . " at the time he spoke these words dawley knew the pierce - arrow car occupied the very summit of prestige in the luxury car market , seen in enclaves of social prominence and the loci of great financial and governmental power that included the white house itself . the company�s earlier decision seemed quite justified .

underestimating the impact of the great depression , studebaker president albert erskine inadvertently led the corporation into receivership in 1933 . paul hoffman and harold vance ultimately rescued the company , but much of studebaker’s momentum had been lost . studebaker introduced another small car , the rockne , in 1932 , but dropped it again in 1933 . for the 1934 model year , studebaker launched several advanced body designs , including the fastback land cruiser , a car styled after the famous pierce - arrow silver arrow showcars .

kenneth r . kingsbury , president , standard oil company of california ( now chevron corp . )

these x - 1 was replaced by the r - 5 in 1915 . the quality of the pierce - arrow truck was recognized by the the military powers of world war i . pierce - arrow delivered over 14 , 000 trucks to the french and british governments by the end of the war .

under studebaker , pierce - arrow dropped their six - cylinder engine and introduced a straight - eight engine . the 1929 pierce - arrows were long , low , and very successful : nearly 10 , 000 cars were sold .

the completed body was then mounted on the chassis of the car . this so - called " composite " body was the standard method used to construct car bodies for the next thirty years . pierce rejected this solution for more than a decade .

in 1928 , pierce - arrow was bought by studebaker . this resulted in a number of engineering and design alterations . studebaker invested money in research and new developments at the buffalo factory , but investments did not result in sales . studebaker went bankrupt in 1933 , and sold pierce - arrow to buffalo management .

with studebaker ' s south bend complex working around the clock , erskine also saw the production of trucks as one way to better utilize pierce - arrow ' s underused facilities , and get the company into the heavy truck market , a segment that studebaker was not involved with . to accomplished this spa truck company ( studebaker - pirece - arrow ) was formed to build high - quality trucks , which began rolling off the assembly line in 1929 . erskine also moved to start talks with white motor company of cleveland , ohio , which he hoped would complement spa ' s product . talks with white failed in early 1933 , and the spa venture was terminated when studebaker filed for receivership in march , 1933 .

in 1928 , another chassis was added to the truck line . the fleet arrow wagon , model fa , used a modified series 81 passenger car engine . mounted on a 140 , 160 , or 180 inch wheelbase , the fleet arrow was primarily intended for inner - city delivery service . the fleet arrow could be ordered with either single or dual rear wheels equipped with pneumatic tires . the brakes applied to all four wheels plus the drive shaft . houdaille hydraulic shock absorbers were supplied on the front axle . pierce - arrow advertised a top speed of 49 miles per hour using 34 inch tires and a 5 2 / 7 : 1 rear axle ratio . unlike earlier pierce - arrow trucks , the fleet arrow did not use a worm - drive rear axle . production of the fleet - arrow ceased in 1929 after slightly over 500 were made .

the pierce - arrow was a status symbol , owned by many hollywood stars , corporate tycoons ; royalty of many foreign nations had at least one pierce - arrow in their collections . in american luxury cars it was rivaled only by the peerless and packard , which collectively received the accolade three p ' s of motordom . industrial efficiency expert frank bunker gilbreth ( cheaper by the dozen ) extolled the virtues of pierce - arrow , in both quality and in its ability to safely transport his large family .

the company abandoned the six cylinder engine in favor of a straight eight cylinder used by its competitors . the new pierce - arrows sat lower to the ground and were considerably longer than the previous models . the new roadsters , touring cars and sedans proved to be a success in the years leading up to the depression . however , when the economy collapsed , the auto industry was hit especially hard , specifically luxury lines like pierce - arrow . this led to drastic price drops and pierce - arrow struggled to sell vehicles .

of all the great american marques - - stutz , lincoln , duesenberg , packard , and the rest - - none was more synonymous with meticulous craftsmanship and refined luxury than the noble pierce - arrow , one of the fabled " three ps " of u . s . automotive royalty . here is the history of pierce - arrow .

to publicize the new twelve , pierce - arrow arranged for the race driver , ab jenkins , to drive a pierce - arrow on the bonneville salt flats . an unofficial , 24 - hour run was done in 1932 , with an average speed of 112 . 91 miles per hour . in 1933 , pierce - arrow repeated the run , this time with aaa observing and conducting the run . this time , jenkins drove 3000 miles in 25 1 / 2 hours , averaging 117 mph . this trial broke 66 official aaa speed records . in 1934 , another run set a new worlds speed record of 127 mph for 24 hours . the virtues of the pierce - arrow twelve continued long after pierce - arrow ceased production . the basic engine , with some modifications , was made well into the 1970 ' s for use in seagrave fire trucks .

the mechanical virtues of the pierce - arrow in the early thirties would be enough to secure pierce - arrow a page in automotive history . however , just as impressive as the eight and twelve cylinder engines was the pierce silver arrow . original built for the 1933 new york automobile show , the cars were also a hit at the 1933 century of progress exposition in chicago . the cars features streamlined styling that included an all - steel top , and side mounted spare tires concealed in compartments in the front fenders .

as demand for improved bicycles grew , pierce met high demands and industry innovation with the introduction of bicycle advancements such as the cushion frame and coaster brake . the george n . pierce company built a 75 , 000 square foot factory on hanover and prime streets on buffalo’s waterfront at canalside . in 1901 , the company produced its first , one single - cylinder automobile and also had a bicycle display at the pan - american exposition . the company continued manufacturing bicycles and motorcycles at this location until 1915 .

during the first half of 1934 , the company ' s working capital was depleted by losses resulting chiefly from a tool and die maker ' s strike which made it impossible for the company to complete its 1934 models until after the peak selling season had passed . working capital was also depleted as a result of the disruption of the company ' s selling organization brought about by the dissolution of corporate relations with studebaker , and also by a generally unfavorable public reception of pierce - arrow ' s new lower - priced model .

the pierce - arrow was a luxury automobile and as such it was a status symbol that tended to be owned by presidents , royalty , business tycoons , and hollywood stars . the pierce - arrow became one of the first official cars at the white house when president william howard taft ordered two of them in 1909 to be used for state occasions .

braun cadillac showroom ( 1995 ) : art deco showcase of the fabulous pierce - arrow painting by dr . roger lalli ; text by david m . rote ( online july 2015 )

studebakers of the late teens and early 1920s used names like big six , special six , light six and standard six , but for the 1927 model year , these generic names gave way to the president , commander and dictator series . also introduced in 1927 was a new quality small car called the erskine . in 1928 , studebaker took over the ailing pierce - arrow motor co . of buffalo , new york , and nursed it along for five years .

pierce brought out their first six cylinder car in 1907 . the model 65 - q great arrow had a 135 inch wheelbase and weighed over 4000 pounds . prices ranged from $ 6 , 500 to $ 7 , 750 . there was little doubt that pierce was aimed at a very wealthy market . these were good years at pierce . the reputation earned on the glidden tours , as well as other trophies and awards , put pierce in the very enviable position of being able to sell an entire year ' s production before the year began !

in 1933 , pierce - arrow unveiled the radically streamlined silver arrow in a final attempt to appeal to the wealthy at the new york auto show . the car was well received by the public and the motoring press , being announced with the slogan " suddenly it ' s 1940 ! " the bodies were built at studebaker , which subsequently assisted in rolling out a lower - priced production model . this , however , lacked many luxury features of the show car and still failed to generate enough sales .

on august 18 , 1934 , pierce - arrow filed a petition in bankruptcy court under section 77 - b of the bankruptcy act . under these provisions the company continued to operate by the same management without the appointment of trustees . it continued to produce a limited number of automobiles under the bankruptcy provisions until 1937 .

in 1909 , u . s . president william howard taft ordered two pierce - arrows to be used for state occasions , the first official automobiles of the white house . an open - bodied pierce - arrow carried woodrow wilson and warren g . harding to harding’s 1921 inauguration .

in august 1933 , a syndicate composed of certain investment banking firms and individuals from buffalo , new york city and boston purchased pierce - arrow stock from the studebaker corporation , including a $ 2 , 000 , 000 note owed by pierce - arrow for advances . subsequently the capital structure was reorganized , providing for the exchange of the $ 2 , 000 , 000 note for common stock . however , this reorganization did not provide adequate working capital , and the company had to borrow funds for this purpose .

in the early years , company advertising promoted the image of the pierce - arrow owner as one not only of considerable means but discriminating taste and astute judgment . leading artists and illustrators such as frank leyendecker , adolph treidler , and myron perley vied for commissions , and their efforts were among the finest in this medium .

in 1933 , pierce - arrow introduced a new design , the silver arrow . the car was featured at the 1933 chicago world ' s fair and caused quite a stir by those who saw it . it was streamlined , had a steel top , fastback styling , enclosed running boards , rear wheel skirts , recessed door handles and faired - in head and tail lamps . more than 70 years after its introduction , the silver arrow is recognized as one of the 10 most influential automotive designs of all time .

the silver arrow , a radically streamlined automobile was unveiled at the 1933 new york auto show . intended for the ultra - wealthy , the silver arrow carried a price tag of $ 10 , 000 . it was the height of the great depression and while the car got rave reviews , only five were initially sold .

in 1931 pierce - arrow introduced the 12 - cylinder car . they entered it in the bonneville races and broke 14 international records with it . as the story goes , in the final hour of a 24 - hour race , at the speed of 125 mph . , the driver , a . b . jenkins , took out a safety razor and after winning the race , exited the car clean - shaven .

- - before becoming one of the foremost prestige automobiles , the george n . pierce company made a variety of household items , including ice boxes and birdcages . the early ventures into motorcars included the dedion powered motorette .

fter years of discussion and planning , the first pierce - arrow truck was shown in january , 1911 . the five - ton stake - bed truck featured a worm - drive rear axle and hard rubber tires . the pierce - arrow worm - drive trucks were quieter and more reliable than the chain - drive mechanism used by most trucks of the time . the first pierce - arrow truck , the x - 1 , had a four - cylinder t - head engine with 4 7 / 8 " bore and 6 " stroke . the truck had three forward speeds and sold for $ 4500 . the pierce - arrow truck set a new standard for trucks made in america . the x - 1 was augmented by a two - ton model , the x - 2 in 1913 .

rare automotive collectible and very desirable item . awesome certificate with a vignette of a classical male figure seated above the company logo . pierce - arrow logo is repeated in the bottom seal . issued and cancelled . piece missing out of lower left edge that just touches the border as shown ( would mat out when framed ) .

in 1901 , pierce brought out the motorette , powered by a single - cylinder , two speed engine licensed from de dion , a french automobile manufacturer . the car did not have a reverse gear .

over 1 , 500 , 000 square feet was built with buildings arranged to permit additions when necessary . in 1915 , the company boasted that it was the greatest user of aluminum in the world . during wwi pierce - arrow employed almost 10 , 000 men and women . the factory stands today and is occupied by several businesses .

- - as the country entered a new age , so did pierce - arrow . starting with the series 32 and progressing to the series 36 , the dual - valve six , with its embroidered upholstery and gold trimmed interiors , defined elegance for the top - of - the - line pierce - arrow through the twenties . meanwhile , the series 80 & 81 were targeted toward a larger market .

by the turn of the century , the pierce company began experimenting with automobiles . while early efforts involved a steam - powered unit , the first production pierce automobile of 1901 used a single cylinder , 2 3 / 4 hp dedion engine . in 1903 , pierce replaced the dedion engine in the motorette with one of their own manufacture . about 170 pierce motorettes were made between 1901 and 1903 . in mid 1903 , the pierce stanhope was introduced . similar the the motorette , the stanhope used a pierce made engine mounted beneath the driver ' s seat . an additional fold - out seat was added in front of the driver . the stanhope had two forward speeds , plus reverse .

at this point george k . birge and some friends bought into pierce ' s business , which in 1899 birge reorganized and brought in scottish engineer david fergusson . reliance on steam power was abandoned , and in 1900 a gas - powered motorette was placed on the market . two years later the company was making its own engines and a year after that was selling the fifteen horsepower arrow and the twenty - four horsepower great arrow . pan - american exposition g eorge n . pierce & company built two cars early in 1901 , and they exhibited them to the public at the pan - american exposition along with their bicycle line when the exposition opened in may . pierce introduced his " motorette " at the pan - american exposition in 1901 in a novel way :

i told her “just a 58 year old car that could probably outrun everyone of the cars in that show . ”

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as demand for improved bicycles grew , pierce met high demands and industry innovation with the introduction of bicycle advancements such as the cushion frame and coaster brake . in 1901 , the company produced its first , one single - cylinder automobile and also had a bicycle display at the pan - american exposition . the company continued manufacturing bicycles and motorcycles at this location until 1915 .

history tells us that more automakers fail than succeed , and the fields of cars at any collector car show contain ample evidence . part of the fascination is that a company on the brink is often moved to stretch its creative resources in the search for one

the company had built trucks before , but it launched a line of cab - overs in 1936 for urban and long - distance hauling .

for 1910 , the pierce - arrow line was established in a form that would continue for the next decade . three basic chassis were offered , the 36 , 48 , and 66 . all cars now had six cylinder engines . prices ranged from $ 3850 for the 36hp runabout to $ 7200 for the 66hp landau . this triple line of cars would continue to propel the pierce - arrow reputation of quality and luxury .

the series 81 was introduced in 1928 as a refinement of the series 80 . the series 81 maintained the basic 130 inch wheelbase chassis of the series 80 with minor changes to the engine . james way designed all new sheet metal for the series 81 which continues to be controversial . although pierce - arrow president myron forbes was enthusiastic about the new cars , the dealers and public were a little more reserved . the traditional pierce - arrow radiator design had been changed as had the curve of the fender headlamps , which now sported an " eyebrow " . the famous archer mascot made its debut on the series 81 as did a badge on the radiator shell showing the pierce family crest . the badge was removed for 1929 , however , when mrs . percy pierce informed the company that it was the coat - of - arms for the wrong pierce family .