plate readers , also known as microplate readers or microplate photometers , are instruments which are used to detect biological , chemical or physical events of samples in microtiter plates .

they are widely used in research , drug discovery , bioassay validation , quality control and manufacturing processes in the pharmaceutical and biotechnological industry and academic organizations .

sample reactions can be assayed in 6-1536 well format microtiter plates .

the most common microplate format used in academic research laboratories or clinical diagnostic laboratories is 96-well ( 8 by 12 matrix ) with a typical reaction volume between 100 and 200 µl per well .

higher density microplates ( 384 - or 1536-well microplates ) are typically used for screening applications , when throughput ( number of samples per day processed ) and assay cost per sample become critical parameters , with a typical assay volume between 5 and 50 µl per well .

common detection modes for microplate assays are absorbance , fluorescence intensity , luminescence , time-resolved fluorescence , and fluorescence polarization .

plate reader

plate reader <EOT> enspire multimode plate reader – a flexible and upgradeable multimode plate reader which includes the absorbance mode as standard . enspire alpha only plate reader - an affordable single mode reader for easy conversion from elisa to alphalisa ® and hts alphascreen ®

the envision 2105 xcite multimode plate reader – a single - detector system ideal for the most challenging research and assay development applications . the envision xcite multimode plate reader is upgradeable to the envision hts multimode plate reader .

a straight forward easy to use micro - plate reader serving us since for years .

thermo scientific™ remel elx800 calibration plate is designed for use with the elx800 microplate reader .

imark™ microplate absorbance reader the imark microplate absorbance reader offers fast reading speeds , extensive onboard software capabilities , a preprogrammed validation protocol ( for the checkmark reader performance check plate ) .

for use with cytation3 cell imaging multi - mode reader and synergy h1 hybrid microplate reader .

a straight forward easy to use micro - plate reader serving us since for years . read more

enspire plate reader is available outside the eu . please contact your local representative for further details .

astronaut kate rubins inserting a microplate into nanoracks plate reader - 2 . image courtesy of nanoracks .

fluorescence plate reader > biophysical resource | w . m . keck foundation | yale school of medicine

the envision 2105 hts multimode plate reader - a super - fast , dual - detector reader designed specifically to support demanding high - throughput discovery applications .

checkmark™ reader performance verification kit the checkmark reader performance verification kit consists of an absorbance calibration plate and checkmark software for bio - rad absorbance microplate readers .

the envision multilabel plate reader - a super - fast , dual - detector reader designed specifically to support demanding high - throughput discovery applications . envision multilabel plate reader provides the highest speed , ultra high - thr . . . read more . . .

upgradeable absorbance plate reader delivering sensitive results for elisas and low volume nucleic acid or protein quantification assays .

the aim of this experiment was to measure the amount of protein extracted using the bradford protein assay . the spectramax2 plate reader was used to detect the absorbance . this plate reader was . . . read review

tecan genios fl fluorescence microplate reader w warranty this is a good working tecan genios filter based fluorescence microplate reader . the genios fl reader offers fluorescence top meas . . .

plate reader with dedicated optics designed to deliver exceptional results for glow , flash and dual - color luminescence applications .

molecular devices new spectratest fl1 fluorescence validation plate spectratest fl1 fluorescence validation plate a comprehensive tool for verifying . . .

perkinelmer offers a variety of plate seals . topseal plate seals are applied to the top surface of the plate , and are generally used to prevent evaporation or contamination during assay incubation steps and / or plate reading measurements . note that topseal plate seal has spectral properties that may interfere with an assay measurement ; you may need to remove the seal prior to reading your plate . backseal plate seals are applied to the bottom of the plate . backseal plate seals can be used to change a clear - bottom plate into a white - or black - bottom plate in order to reduce cross - talk during top - reading measurements .

backseal plate seal can be used to convert a clear - bottom plate into an opaque ( solid - colored ) plate for top reads . backseal plate seal is offered ( catalog number 6005199 for white , catalog number 6005189 for black ) . the color of the backseal plate seal should match the color of the sides of the plate wells .

nasa image : iss048e044263 - the front panel of nanoracks plate reader - 2 after installation on the international space station .

tecan infinite f200 reader fluorescence reader this is a nice used good working tecan infinite f200 fluorescence filter based microplate reader . unit has been tested and it is in excellent . . .

backseal plate seal can be used to convert a clear - bottom plate into an opaque ( solid - colored ) plate for top reads . backseal plate seal is offered ( catalog number 6005199 for white , catalog number 6005189 for black ) . the color of the backseal plate seals should match the color of the sides of the plate well walls .

learn how molecular devices’ versamax microplate reader provides an affordable , tunable filter - based microplate reader for monochromator - based systems .

synergy & trade ; ht multi - mode microplate reader warranty : 120 days model : siafr instrument / servicetype : plate reader for absorbance , fluorescence , luminescence instrument description . . .

nanoracks plate reader - 1 was delivered to the international space station ( iss ) on htv3 and returned on spacex - 5 . nanoracks plate reader - 2 was delivered via spacex - 9 and is currently available for use on the iss .

backseal plate seal can be used to convert a clear - bottom plate into an opaque ( solid - colored ) plate for top reads . backseal plate seal is offered in both white ( catalog number 6005199 for white , catalog number 6005189 for black ) . the color of the backseal plate seal should match the color of the sides of the plate wells .

the enspire alpha plate reader provides proven alpha technology to your lab at an affordable price and from the alpha detection leader .

upgradeable luminescence plate reader with dedicated optics designed to deliver exceptional results for glow , flash and dual - color luminescence applications .

nasa image : iss034e005601 - the front panel of nanoracks plate reader - 1 prior to installation on the international space station .

the instrument is in pinn hall room 1074 and connected to the same computer used for the molecular devices fluorescent plate reader .

plate chameleon v microplate reader is an ideal tool for researchers who need a microplate reader to give them reliable , authenticated results when and where they need them . plate chameleon represents a new concept in multilabel detectio . . . read more . . .

the fast , multichannel absorbance plate reader – with tunable wavelength and temperature control options – that can be tailor - made for your purposes .

nanoracks plate reader - 1 was previously on iss from september 2011 to january 2015 ; up on htv3 and returned on spx - 5 .

the advantage of using the fluorescent plate reader for fret measurements is that it easily and quickly delivers results and therefore is very useful for high troughput . furthermore , a plate reader is typically available in most standard biochemical laboratories and will therefore not require investment in new expensive hardware .

upgradeable absorbance plate reader delivering sensitive results for elisas and low volume nucleic acid or protein quantification assays . automated pathlength correction and low volume nanoquant plate deliver high precision results every day , independent from sample volumes .

envision® xcite multilabel plate reader is the single detection version of the envision reader designed for labs seeking ultimate sensitivity , the confidence of perkinelmer’s applications expertise and a broad portfolio of reagents with . . . read more . . .

the ensight ™ multimode plate reader combines labeled & image - based cytometry technologies in a single benchtop platform . imaging & online data analysis is fast : a 384 - well plate can be imaged in less than 5 mins . the system’s modular design , combined with workflow - based kaleido ™ data acquisition & analysis software , gives a truly versatile plate reader that gets users productive quickly .

the most sensitive microplate reader for high - throughput screening read more . . .

nanoracks plate reader is a modified spectramax® m5e multi - mode microplate reader . the spectramax® m5e multi - mode microplate reader is the standard for uv / visible multi - mode reader absorbance , providing ultrafast , full spectral range detection for 6 - , 12 - , 24 - , 48 - , 96 - , 384 - well microplates while utilizing the softmax pro 6 data acquisition and analysis software package . researchers can also use a cuvetteplate micro plate adapter for cuvette samples . nanoracks plate reader possesses five modes , uv - visible absorbance , fluorescence intensity , time - resolved fluorescence , and fluorescence polarization providing the benefit of multiple detection modes in one platform . the nanoracks plate reader has an added thermal regulation capability making long - term incubation of samples possible , such as measuring microbial growth or monitoring gene expression .

infinite® f50 innovatively designed , next generation , 8 - channel absorbance plate readers .

plate is washed three times with buffer ( for example , 1x pbs ) .

the two standard curves gave similar ec50 and hillslope values . the signal measured using a white plate was approximately 10 - fold greater than that from the black plate , and the s / b ratio was also better using a white plate .

spectramax m2 microplate reader notes : excellent physical and working condition . ready absorbance and fluorescence recent abs and fl calibration reports from a spectratest plate . i . . .

the envision 2105 multimode plate reader provides exceptional speed , ultra - high throughput , and maximum sensitivity across all detection technologies . tried and tested , the envision microplate reader gives you robust performance and reliable data for high throughput screening , time after time .

there are now six application - tailored configurations for the acclaimed and proven infinite 200 pro plate reader , including new options such as automated pathlength correction . this allows you to choose the perfect reader for your specific needs and budget with a fast delivery time .

we list all our equipment in the parts category ! abi perseptive biosystems , cytofluor multiwell plate reader 04741 discription of listing applied biosystems ( abi ) perseptive biosystems . . .

we list all our equipment in the parts category ! abi perseptive biosystems , cytofluor multiwell plate reader 03438 discription of listing applied biosystems ( abi ) perseptive biosystems . . .

the infinite 200 pro is an easy - to - use multimode plate reader family that offers affordable , high performance detection solutions , referenced in more than 1800 peer reviewed publications .

dual - mode plate reader with filter - based optics for absorbance and fluorescence ( top and bottom reading ) applications . your cost - effective tool for highest demands in sensitivity .

the infinite 200 pro plate reader family is supplied with the easy - to - use i - control software interface , allowing you quickly define a workflow for each of your applications .

cytation™ 1 cell imaging multi - mode reader cytation™ 1 cell imaging multi - mode reader eliminates the complexities of multi - mode detection without compromising performance . it can be config . . .

some plate readers handle label - free cell - based assays , such as perkinelmer’s enspire® multimode reader , which in addition to absorbance , luminescence , fluorescence and alphalisa also supports corning’s epic® technology . ( in contrast , perkinelmer’s faster , top - of - the - line envision multilabel plate reader can read 12 modalities , though not epic , according to its documentation . )

you must remove topseal™ - a or any other plate seal prior to reading the assay .

perkinelmer’s portfolio of microplate readers are all equipped with multiple detection modes to meet the diverse assay requirements of today’s laboratories . no matter which one of our plate readers you choose , you can expect excellent performance and reliability . the variety of models and accessories , such as plate stackers , means there’s a perkinelmer plate reader to match both your throughput needs and your budget .

perkin elmer envision 2104 plate reader can be configured according to your needs . our systems are certified by our pe trained service engineer . units come with computer loaded with softwar . . .

make the most of your high - quality data generated using the enspire multimode plate reader by harnessing the advanced data visualization and analysis capabilities of tibco spotfire ® . our spotfire ® analyst for multimode detection ( mmd ) package is tailored to the analysis of plate reader data and enables you to visualize , correlate , compare and analyze your data and share freely with your colleagues .

q . do you have any suggested plate coating protocols that i can use to bind my antibody / sample to the plate ? a . high - bind plates can be coated using any standard plate - coating method . plates can be coated passively using the basic outline below :

dual - mode plate reader with monochromator - based optics for absorbance and sensitive fluorescence ( top and bottom reading ) applications . your adjustable tool , even for low concentration nucleic acid and protein quantification .

priced $ 10 , 995 . 00 biotek synergy 4 fluorescence absorbance microplate reader internal part number 13279 predecessor to : n / a condition : this biotek synergy 4 microplate reader is in good . . .

eppendorf assay / reader microplates elevate the sensitivity of your assays with the eppendorf assay / reader plates to a higher level ! the plates offer an excellent signal & ndash ; to & nda . . .

for convenience and optimal data quality , the nanoquant plate is the only low volume plate on the market that is 100 % calibration free . this saves time and gives you consistent and reliable performance .

fully loaded multimode plate reader with monochromator - based optics , offering free wavelength choice and scanning capabilities . your ready - to - go workhorse for all standard absorbance - , fluorescence - and luminescence assays .

the biophysical resource at keck facility offers the fluorescence plate reader as an " open access " instrument that can be used by trained users . to schedule a training session please contact ewa folta - stogniew .

based on this customer experience and feedback , the infinite 200 pro microplate plate reader has been continuously engineered for excellence . this proven platform has now evolved into a budget - friendly reader family consisting of six application - focused configurations , delivering performance and value to every lab , every day , for every assay .

we have an excellent condition year 2009 tecan f200 infinite multi - mode 96 well plate reader available for sale . it & # 39 ; s been annually maintained and operates per factory oem specifica . . .

webinar : synergy neo - a new hts multi - mode microplate reader designed for todays smarter . . .

state - of - the - art eight - channel absorbance reader for accurate , reproducible and fast results .

the most versatile , high - performance monochromator - based multi - mode microplate reader read more . . .

a streamlined workflow for cell counting and phenotypic characterization is critical to many experiments . our spectramax® i3x microplate reader with…

delfia assays require a plate reader that is capable of trf ( time - resolved fluorescence ) detection . this is a time - resolved fluorescence intensity assay . we recommend using a perkinelmer victor™ x or envision® multilabel plate reader ( view our instrument product pages ) . if you are using a plate reader manufactured by another company , you can use our europium standard solution ( catalog number b119 - 100 ) and perform a serial dilution in delfia enhancement solution to determine the sensitivity of your instrument . we also offer samarium standard solution ( catalog number b115 - 100 ) and terbium standard solution ( catalog number c558 - 100 ) if you are interested in multiplexing .

the well - to - well crosstalk measured in the various plate formats is shown in the table below .

mithras² lb 943 is a high - end microplate multimode reader based on monochromator technology with excellent performance . renowned for its sensitivity and robustness especially in luminescence and bret measurements the reader supports al . . . read more . . .

clear bottom plates can be converted to functionally opaque plates by application of a backseal™ adhesive bottom seal . backseal plate seals are available in either white or black ( catalog number 6005199 for white , catalog number 6005189 for black ) . the color of the backseal plate seal should match the color of the sides of the plate wells .

throughput , flexibility , and cost are the top three considerations when choosing a plate reader . in pharmaceutical research , for example , throughput might be the top criterion . regarding flexibility , a single - mode instrument , such as an absorbance reader for elisas , may fit the bill ( some can capture a full uv - vis spectrum from 220 to 1000 nm ) , but a multimode reader that offers additional capabilities such as fluorescence may offset the additional cost outlay . integrated software , type of plates accepted , and built - ins like incubators and plate shakers are additional considerations .

incubation temperature - regulated heating plates above and below the entire plate movement area provide uniform incubation up to 45°c .

the infinite 200 pro is an easy - to - use multimode plate reader family that offers affordable high performance detection solutions empowered by monochromator - or filter based technologies . the six new tailored configurations provide excellence in elisa assays , nucleic acid quantifications , reporter assay technologies , and drug discovery assays including htrf® and fluorescence polarization . this fully upgradeable reader family is designed to simplify your target applications , making it easier than ever to choose the perfect reader for your needs and budget .

flash type luminescent assays require the use of reagent injectors to provide reagents that initiate the reaction while the plate is in the reader . use of these reagent delivery devices requires that the fluid path be maintained and free of contamination . reader models that do not have reagent injectors generally do not need very much maintenance beyond the guidelines outlined in the user’s manual .

this note describes the dual luciferase reporter assay performance using tecan’s infinite 200 pro multimode reader equipped with a two channel injector .

spectramax® absorbance microplate readers can run both cuvette - based and microplate reader applications on the same instrument . read one sample or up to 384 in a single plate read using any standard cuvette , or 96 - or 384 - well microplate .

this note describes the implementation of the infinite 200 pro multimode reader and the associated nanoquant plate for fluorescence - based dna quantification in small volume samples using pico green® , an ultra - sensitive fluorescent dye for the quantitation of double - stranded dna .

sometimes referred to as " solid phase assays " , coated - plate assays require the anchoring of one of the assay components ( protein , antibody , sample , etc . ) to the surface of the microplate . coated - plate assays use wash steps to separate bound ( associating ) and unbound ( non - associating ) reagents from the well of the plate .

as instrument requirements regularly change according to ongoing research needs , each of the six configurations can be upgraded to a full multimode monochromator - and filter - based reader . this ensures your infinite reader will deliver high quality results for every assay , every day .

fully loaded multimode plate reader with filter - based optics – offering highest sensitivity within the infinite 200 pro family , combined with the broadest range of read modes . your ideal system for low to medium throughput drug discovery , including htrf® and fluorescence polarization .

molecular devices spectramax m5 plate reader with pc and software includes 30 day money back guarantee ! ! general specifications dimensions ( in . ) 8 . 6 h x 22 . 8 w x 15 . 3 d dimensions ( cm ) 22 . . .

it should be noted that the use of cells expressing sortilin and p75 ntr fused to cerulean and venus results in a pool of intracellular located proteins , which are most likely not partaking in the interaction with prongf . as the intracellular located proteins add to the fluorescent signal detected by the plate reader , the effect of prongf could therefore be expected to be underestimated . it is therefore important to test the plate reader result on a confocal microscope where the intracellular contribution to the fluorescent signal subsequently can be subtracted . however , by using cells stably co - transfected with sortilin - cerulean and p75 ntr - venus , the very same cell line can be used for several different fret - based techniques based on a plate reader , microscope , and flow cytometer .

don ' t seal the plate with tape after the addition of the enhancement solution . the adhesive might quench the signal .

check that the wells are dry after washing . if not , invert the plate and tap it firmly against absorbent paper .

learn how the spectramax 190 microplate reader , a high - performance uv - vis spectrophotometer can be used for various life science applications .

bmg labtech’s nephelostar plus is truly in a class by itself . it employs a laser to detect forward scattering of light to insoluble particles in a sample . this process , laser based nephelometry , is not unique but incorporating this technology into a plate reader is !

our alpha and lance ® reagents are developed and optimized on the envision plate reader so you can be confident of accurate results . plus , we can cite over 15 , 000 published papers that attest to its real - world performance across a broad range of applications .

the following plate readers can be configurated to perform luminescence measurements . choose between pherastar fsx - the high - throughput screening reader for fast read times , clariostar with lvf monochromators™ for highest flexibility and omega series - our upgradable microplate readers for luminescence or further dectection modes .

this technical note describes optimized test set - ups , instrument settings and the statistical equations that were used to determine the maximum instrument sensitivity of the infinite f200 pro filter - based microplate reader and the infinite m200 pro quad4 monochromators - based microplate reader for flash and glow luminescence .

learn more about the spectramax plus 384 microplate reader and how it can be used to test a breadth of applications with full spectral range .

listing # : tecaninfinitem1000platereader - 4443 product description : the tecan infinite m1000 pro multilabel microplate reader is versatile , modular , monochromato . . .

listing # : moleculardevicesspectramaxm5 - 4812 product description : the molecular devices spectramax m5e multimode microplate reader offers you accuracy of a dedicat . . .

the patented nanoquant plate was the first tool specifically developed for absorbance - based , small volume nucleic acid analyses in a multimode reader . it is useful for a broad range of applications , such as dna or rna quantification , nucleic acid purity assessment and labeling efficiency determination .

nanoracks plate reader is a laboratory instrument designed to detect biological , chemical or physical events of samples in microtiter plates . microplate readers are widely used in research , drug discovery , bioassay validation , quality control and manufacturing processes in the pharmaceutical and biotechnological industry and academic organizations .

microplates for standard , in vitro fluorescent assays that do not require anchoring of cells or other reagents to the surface of the plate .

the following plate readers can be configured to perform fluorescence measurements . choose between pherastar fsx - the high - throughput screening reader for fast read times , clariostar with lvf monochromators™ for highest flexibility and omega series - our upgradable microplate readers for fluorescence or any number of dectection modes .

multimode microplate readers tend to be more expensive than single - mode readers—not surprising , given their more complex optics and detectors . biotek ’s simplest elisa reader , for instance , costs about $ 5 , 000 , says xavier amouretti , product marketing manager at biotek instruments , a company that sells a range of microplate reader systems ; the company’s least - expensive multimode reader , the synergy™ ht , costs about $ 20 , 000 .

the reader’s unique quartz fiber optic system minimizes stray light for precise readings across a microplate . the spectral resolution ensures accuracy of dna absorbance measurements .

discover how the spectramax® 340pc384 reader can be used in various absorbance - based applications by being able to accurately measure absorbance in the visible range .

synergy™ htx multi - mode microplate reader is a compact , affordable system . synergy™ htx multi - mode microplate reader is a compact , affordable system for 6 - to 384 - well microplates and take3 micro - volume plates , automating absorbance , f . . . read more . . .

enspire ® multimode plate reader is designed to meet the demands of multi - user research environments , providing high performance technology and flexibility for a range of applications without compromising sensitivity . combine this with our expertise and portfolio of reagents , perkinelmer offers an unrivaled solution to your application needs .

bmg labtech launched the xenon flash lamp - enabled clariostar in mid - april . like the pherastar fs , clariostar is a multimode plate reader capable of performing absorbance , fluorescence intensity , fluorescence polarization , fret , time - resolved fluorescence , luminescence , bret and optionally alphascreen and alphalisa .

plate background luminescence : the white plates commonly used for luminescence experiments will often fluoresce . these plates absorb energy from the ambient light in the room and then emit the energy as light during the luminescence measurement . this phenomenon can be a problem if the plates have been exposed to bright light for a particularly long period of time . store unused plates in a dark environment and , when pipetting samples into the plate , do so in a reduced light in order to minimize plate autofluorescence . one can also “dark adapt” the plate by incubating it in the dark for approximately 10 minutes . the easiest way to accomplish this is to maintain it in the reader’s reading chamber prior to the initiation of reading .

in addition to the specific cell line being used in the assay , the assay protocol itself is important in deciding the type of plate to use . for example , assays using adherent cells may include culture medium changes or wash steps in the protocol . in such cases it may be advisable to use a coated plate for the assay in order to prevent the cells from becoming detached from the plate during the assay .

q . what kind of plate seal can i use for my plates ? a . topseal - a adhesive plate seal ( catalog number 6050185 ) can be used to prevent evaporation during incubation steps . the plastic of the topseal - a adhesive seal has some spectral properties that may interfere with assays performed at certain excitation or emission wavelengths . it may be necessary to remove the seal from the plate prior to reading .

the spectramax® l microplate reader measures flash and glow luminescence assays in both 96 - and 384 - well plates . it is upgradeable to include a barcode reader , programmable injectors , and dual - channel configurations for a 2 - fold increase for medium throughput . the high sensitivity , low - noise photomultiplier tubes ( pmts ) , and variable - volume injector configuration make this reader ideal for fast kinetic assays requiring continuous monitoring during injection and measurement .

figure 3 : top view of a 384 - well white proxiplate microplate ( left ) and view from underneath the same plate ( right ) . the bottom of the wells is pushed towards the top surface of the plate to help increase signal while allowing use of low assay volumes .

biotek flx800 flx800tb fluorescence luminescence microplate reader unit powers on and works , used preiously at a local university . this item was removed fr . . .

learn more about the spectramax l microplate reader and its sensitive , reliable optics and injectors , and how it can be utilized to improve your research .

bmg labtech’s pherastar fs multimode plate reader has “simultaneous dual - emission detection , ” or sde , capability . according to carl peters , an applications scientist at bmg labtech , that means the instrument can read two signals simultaneously , whereas the company’s newer , non - sde - enabled clariostar cannot .

still other instruments enable plate - based imaging assays . biotek’s cytation™3 , for instance , is a multimode plate reader that also functions as a high - speed automated digital fluorescence microscope with brightfield capability . traditional microplate readers perform mostly biochemical assays—measuring how much light passes through or is emitted by a sample . that’s great for getting a sense of the population of cells or molecules in the well , but what about cell - to - cell variation ?

a trf filter fluorometer plate reader utilizes bandwidth filters in front of the fiber optic for excitation and in front of the detector for emission wavelength choice . the grating - type spectrofluorometers are generally less sensitive than filter fluorometers , and loss in sensitivity can cause issues in highly sensitive assays such as trf .

the bactiter - glo microbial cell viability assay was tested on the infinite f200 pro filter - based multimode reader , using the instrument’s highly sensitive luminescence module .

listing # : moleculardevicesspectramaxm2 - 4872 product description : the molecular devices spectramax m2 is a dual - monochromator , multi - detection microplate reader wi . . .

perkinelmer offers custom microplate services , including bulk ordering , fast and flexible plate barcoding , biological plate coating ( including poly - d - lysine , collagen , streptavidin coating , antibody coating , and other coatings on request ) , custom tissue culture - treatment , custom high protein binding treatment , custom sterilization of microplates , special packaging , and other microplate treatments . if you are interested in custom plate services , please contact our custom service team :

with the optional low volume nanoquant plate™ and cuvette port , this reader represents a perfect tool for dna / rna quantifications ( a 260 / 280 ) and purity checks ( a 260 / 230 ) , allowing you to work with a variety of sample formats and volumes , from 2 µl to 1 ml .

the spectramax® abs microplate reader bridges the gap between the affordability of filter - based readers and the flexibility of monochromator - based systems . the spectramax® abs plus microplate…

the spectramax® abs microplate reader bridges the gap between the affordability of filter - based readers and the flexibility of monochromator - based systems . the spectramax® abs plus micro…

molecular devices gemini xs microplate spectrofluorometer this is a nice used molecular devices gemini xs microplate spectrofluorometer . unit is in overall excellent condition . reader power . . .

luminescence detection can be performed on the pherastar ® fsx , clariostar ® , and the lumistar ® , fluostar ® , and polarstar ® omega plate readers . all of these luminescence plate readers are certified for dual - luciferase reporter assays ( dlready ® ) and utilize luminescence - optimized low - noise pmt ( photomultiplier tube ) detectors which provide a dynamic range of up to nine decades , depending on the reader . all readers can be equipped with high - precision reagent injectors .

whether or not it is necessary to use a sterile , tissue culture - treated plate depends on the length of time the cells are going to be in the assay plate . in some assays the cells are added to the microplate and the assay is completed within a few minutes to a few hours . in other cases cells are grown in plates at least overnight prior to performing the assay , or are treated with compounds for extended lengths of time . as a general recommendation , if the assay is going to be performed within a single working day a sterile , tissue culture - treated plate is not necessary . if the cells are going to be in the plate overnight or longer a sterile , tissue culture - treated plate should be used , and aseptic techniques should be followed .

flexible monochromator - based multi - mode microplate reader that can be turned into a high - performance hybrid system with the addition of a filter - based optical module .

bmg floustar galaxy fluorescence microplate reader 90 day warranty serial number : 403 - 0767 the galaxy model are fully automated microplate based readers which incorporates different mea . . .

ultraviolet ( uv ) measurements in microplates became possible when molecular devices introduced the first uv - capable microplate reader . since then , microplate measurements of dna , rna , …

building on our family of benchtop multimode plate readers , the victor nivo ™ system packs all popular detection modes into the industry’s smallest multimode reader footprint . the perfect microplate reader for everyday biochemical and cell - based assays , it measures at any wavelength , with top and bottom reading of all technologies . its software interface is easy to learn and use , and lets you control the instrument from almost any device – perfect for multiuser environments . combine with our assays and reagents to get you started right away .

automation is a key feature in high - throughput screening . several bmg labtech microplate readers have been successfully integrated into various robotic systems . since all instruments have the same x - y dimensions and plate out / in position , once automation has been designed for one bmg labtech reader , the solution will work for all . all plate readers can be controlled through activex or dde interfaces . moreover , the ascii data output is the most versatile in the industry and works with most lims and automation platforms .

q . can i use a seal on my plates , or will that kill my cells ? a . if cell viability is no longer an issue , topseal - a™ adhesive plate seal ( catalog number 6050185 ) can be used to prevent evaporation during incubation steps . the plastic of the topseal - a adhesive seal has some spectral properties that may interfere with assays performed at certain excitation or emission wavelengths . it may be necessary to remove the seal from the plate prior to reading . if cell viability is an issue at the time a seal is needed , we recommend using sterile plate lids ( if sterile practices need to be maintained ) or breathable plate seal ( if antibiotics / antifungals can be added to the culture media to prevent contamination ) . breathable plate seals are available from various suppliers , including nunc® and corning® .

plate is " blocked " overnight to cover the well surface area that remains ( typically using bsa , sugars such as trehalose or casein , serum , etc . )

this note describes the use of the fluorescence microplate reader tecan infinite f200 pro or m200 pro , for detection of as lias 20 pg dsdna in a 200 μl assay volume .

this reader utilizes molecular devices ' patented pathcheck® sensor to measure the depth ( optical pathlength ) of samples in a microplate . it also allows for the elimination of standard curves .

another consideration , says amouretti , is plate format . some instruments can handle only 96 - well plates and lower , whereas others can read up to the ultrahigh throughput densities of 1 , 536 - well plates . ( that difference comes at a cost , amouretti explains , as higher plate densities require better optics and more sensitive detectors . )

get more from your microplate reader with magellan , the universal reader control and data analysis software from tecan . magellan supports the complete range of tecan microplate readers , enabling quick and easy measurement of samples for first - time and expert users alike . a versatile user interface and powerful data reduction capabilities enable the optimization of sophisticated experimental work , making routine tasks easy .

bmg labtech offers two forms of gas control on its microplate readers . the atmospheric control unit ( acu ) for the clariostar is a unique microprocessor - controlled unit that independently regulates both co 2 and o 2 inside the microplate reader . alternatively , the gas vent is a positive pressure gas purge through which the internal atmosphere of the microplate reader can be replaced .

q : can i stop at some point in my immunoassay ? a : we strongly recommend not incubating enhancement solution overnight in the wells . delfia assays can be stopped after final washing ( before addition of enhancement solution ) and your plate can be stored for 1 day , 1 week , 1 year , 10 years , etc . when protected from dust by putting on a plate lid . if enhancement solution has already been added and the plate can ' t be measured : 1 ) protect plate from dust ( lid on but no tape when enhancement solution is in the wells ) ; 2 ) allow solution to completely evaporate ; 3 ) add enhancement solution when ready , to regain signal .

the raw fret signal obtained from the plate reader is contaminated by overlap of the donor emission spectrum with that of the acceptor ( donor spectral bleed through ( dsbt ) ) and by direct excitation of the acceptor by the donor excitation light ( acceptor spectral bleed trough ( asbt ) ) . this contamination must be quantified and subtracted from the raw fret signal .

this technical note describes the successful implementation of the transcreener fluorescence intensity assay on tecan’s quad - 4 monochromator - based infinite m200 pro and tecan’s filter - based infinite f200 pro multimode reader .

the reader delivers high performance with round - bottom , flat - bottom or half - area well plates . dual wavelength readings report the actual absorbance at each wavelength making data analysis convenient .

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decreasing the distance between cerulean and venus increases fret in the plate reader assay . a . schematic representation of used standard constructs . b . fret efficiencies obtained using hek293 cells transiently transfected with ctv , c5v , or co - transfected with plasmids encoding cerulean or venus ( c + v ) ( n = 3 ) . all data are presented as the mean ± sd . aa , amino acids .

this application note describes the detection of s . aureus growth using tecan’s infinite 200 pro microplate reader to perform 600 nm absorbance measurements . the influence of assay parameter and instrument settings on data quality is discussed .

held , p . ( 2003 ) peptide and amino acid quantification using uv fluorescence in synergy ht multi - mode microplate reader , biotek instruments application note , urltoken peptides - amino - acids - fluorescence . html

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fret analysis was performed using the pfret algorithm [ 19 ] , which can be applied to regions of interest with sizes defined by the user , in principle down to the single - pixel level . it should be noted however , that the results acquired from the plate reader is calculated as an average over a population of cells within a well while the results presented from the microscopy measurements represents averages over 5x5 pixel .

the reader’s filter slides incorporate an id chip that allows filter definitions to be saved directly on the slides . this makes filter slide handling very convenient , as the system will automatically recognize the filters installed on each slide .

plate type : the type of plate used does matter . opaque white plates have been shown to provide the best performance for luminescence assays , as they maximize the signal . other plates can be used , such as white sided with clear bottom if necessary . solid black plates will also work , but the signal will be significantly reduced . quality plates should not allow any light leakage through the walls of the microplate .

q . what kind of lid can i use for my plates ? a . most culturplate , tc - treated viewplate , and proxiplate plus tc plates are packaged with lids on the plates . sterile lids can also be ordered separately ( catalog number 6005619 for 96 - well plates , catalog number 6007619 for 384 - well and 1536 - well plates ) . lids should be removed prior to reading the plate to avoid damaging the plate reader . lids for 96 - well plates have condensation rings that align with the underlying wells . these lids will leave a small space between the lid and the well . this is necessary so cells can ‘breathe’ when growing .

biotek offers two microplate reader series capable of measuring fluorescence : the synergy ht and the flx800 . depending on the model and type the end user will be able to perform various luminescent reactions . for example , only those readers configured with injectors have the capability to perform flash luminescence assays , while virtually all the luminescent capable readers can perform glow assays . listed below are several different parameters , which may or may not apply to any one specific reader .

- venus . cells were seeded into 96 - wells plates two days prior to the experiment . medium was then carefully exchanged with pbs and prongf added directly to wells and incubated for 30 min . measurements were done at 20°c using a victor3 , 1420 multilabel counter fluorescent plate reader from perkin elmer . again , low amounts of prongf i . e . 0 . 05 , 0 . 5 , 5 nm increased the interaction between sortilin and p75

a method is described for the routine determination of the rate of colorimetric enzyme reactions using a 96 - well microtiter plate reader commonly used in immunoassay . this approach is illustrated by monitoring esterase activity using three common products : release of thiol , release of ethanol , and release of p - nitrophenylate ion . examples include monitorings of the rate of hydrolysis of acetylthiocholine iodide by eel acetylcholinesterase and the rate of hydrolysis of malathion and nonconventional esters such as o - methyl , o - ethyl , and o - isobutyl carbonates of p - nitrophenol by commercial porcine liver carboxylesterase . data obtained from the plate reader were compared to those obtained , under similar conditions , in a conventional spectrophotometer . absorbance measurements made in both machines on the same solution , as well as absorbance changes measured over time , were similar . the use of the 96 - well plate format tremendously increased the number of enzyme assays carried out per person and the interface with a personal computer allowed rapid manipulation of the absorbance values to calculate the desired rate data . this approach should be generally applicable to many routine colorimetric assays in the research laboratory .

the optimal microplate for a cell - based assay will be dependent on both the specific cell line being used in the assay and the assay protocol itself . questions that need to be answered in choosing the plate include :

microplate readers present a dizzying array of variables – light sources , detectors , modalities , plate format and more . but when making a purchase , there are three basic considerations users should bear in mind , says amouretti .

the ez read led , explains product marketing manager tristana von will , “provides a really high - quality light source without ever having to replace it , and it also uses less energy , so it’s a much greener option , as well . ” ( tecan ’s infinite® f50 absorbance reader also uses leds ; according to michael fejtl , market manager for detection at tecan austria , “the led allows 10 - times longer maintenance - free lifetime of the reader . ” )

the nanoquant plate from tecan allows researchers to measure the concentration and purity of nucleic acids of up to 16 samples simultaneously . additionally , the efficiency of the nucleic acid labeling with dyes can be easily determined with this tool .

in this paper , we describe the use of a standard fluorescent plate reader in a fluorescent fret - based assay using live cells expressing the fusion proteins sortilin - cerulean and p75 ntr - venus . we show how this system can be used to evaluate the effect of prongf on the interaction between sortilin and p75 ntr . the fret based assay may provide a new tool for screening potential compounds inhibiting prongf - induced apoptotic cross - linking of sortilin and p75 ntr .

microplate readers designed for fluorescent and multi - detection measurements assist life science and drug discovery researchers who require repeated absorbance measurements of tagged molecules . considerations for readers are range of absorbance , sample holding capabilities , speed , and instrument size . sample detection requires appropriate filters ; a microplate reader should include the lab’s most often used absorbance spectrum . if the desired absorbance spectrum is largely variable , as with fluorescence and luminescence spectrums , a flexible multi - mode instrument with several filters or change - out options may be appropriate . consider average sample run for choice of 96 - or 384 - well format . if microplate well size is interchangeable , consider investing in a microplate reader that can accommodate a multitude of plate types such as a 6 - to 384 - well format . instruments have become more compact to accommodate limited bench space without compromising reader intricacy or measurement speed . researchers can compare all of these specifications from our extensive collection of diverse microplate readers .

in conclusion , this paper describes the establishment of a fret - based fluorescent plate reader assay using live cells to monitor sortilin - p75 ntr cross - linking and the influence of prongf on this interaction . the experimental set - up may provide a useful tool for identifying compounds interfering with cross - linking of sortilin - p75 ntr . using this set - up , we have now initiated work aimed at identifying compounds inhibiting sortilin - p75 ntr cross - linking induced by prongf .


exophony is the practice of ( normally creative ) writing in a language that is not one 's mother tongue .

some exophonic authors may be bilingual or multilingual from their childhood years , even polyglots , while others may write in an acquired language .

in some cases the second language is acquired early in life , for example through immigration , and it is not always clear whether the writer should strictly be classed a non-native speaker .

in other cases , the language is acquired through exile or migration : " exophonic writing , the phenomenon of writing literature in a second language , is increasing across europe due to labour migration " .

it is one form of transnational literature , although the latter also encompasses writing that crosses national stylistic or cultural boundaries without being written in another language .

" extraterritoriality and exophony are indeed important notions , not only for comparative literature but in general for the question of the status of the literary text [ of ] the 21st century " .

it also overlaps with translingualism , and translingualist writer is one of many terms that has been coined to describe the phenomenon .

related concepts in english include transculturalism/transculturation , axial writing , postnationalism and postcolonialism , and in german , exophonie , anders-sprachigkeit , interkulturelle literatur ( ' intercultural literature ' ) , gastarbeiterliteratur ( ' guest worker literature ' ) , ausländerliteratur ( ' foreigner literature ' ) and migrantenliteratur ( ' migrant literature ' ) .

motivations for becoming an exophonic writer may be manifold : to make a political statement ( for example , yoko tawada attempted " to produce exophony both in her mother tongue ( japanese ) and her acquired tongue ( german ) [ ... ] to dismantle [ ... ] the ultranationalistic concept of a ' beautiful ' japanese language " ) , to adopt/avoid stylistic elements of particular languages ( " for tawada , a native speaker of a language whose grammar makes no distinctions of gender , case , definite and indefinite articles , or singular and plural [ ... ] each western word , phrase or idiom becomes a conundrum " , " i grope for some unlikely expression in my native language , trying to find the proper equivalence in translation for an english word or phrase " ) , to evade the risk of being lost in translation , or to gain a wider readership - translated literature in the uk and us accounts for only a small percentage of sales , so " it makes commercial sense " .

some exophonic authors are also translators , including ( in some cases ) of their own works .

conversely , translation of exophonic works can present problems due to the " defamiliarisation of the new language through stylistic innovation " .

exophony

exophony <EOT> only time will tell . until then , the maturing tradition of exophony successfully continues apace .

exophony is the practice of ( normally creative ) writing in a language that is not one ' s mother tongue .

there is certainly commercial sense in this ongoing tradition of exophony : as the guardian recently reported , only 7 % of fiction books sold in the uk in 2015 were foreign - language translations into english ( just 1 . 5 % of books published overall ) .

what do samuel beckett , joseph brodsky and milan kundera have in common ? all three writers were exophonic : they chose to write in a language that was not their mother tongue . this new course will look at the phenomenon of exophony in the modern era , considering how the adoption of a foreign literary language intersects with experiences of trauma , exile and migration , with the nation state , the postcolonial , globalisation and late capitalism . it will look at the implications of exophony for the self , the text , the reader and society , and investigate the extent to which translational processes - in the widest sense - might play a role in exophony . we will read a variety of twentieth - century and contemporary exophonic literary texts - some originally composed in english and others translated from languages including japanese and german .

from this gloomy statistic ( and the fact that most schools don’t promote the reading of foreign - language books , creating in society a foundation of inability to consume foreign literature in its original form ) , exophony can perhaps be seen as a case of self - perpetuating this “boundary” to western publishing success .

such exophony doesn’t just exist in foreign - language to english translation , either , but from english to various other tongues . for instance , irishman samuel beckett famously opted to write in french ( as did the czech author milan kundera ) , precisely to escape the stylistic restraints his native tongue put on him . a desire also echoed in conrad’s purpose . the telegraph explains ,

great authors who have employed such exophony include joseph conrad . the heart of darkness author was a polish merchant - marine captain who only gained british nationality in his late twenties . conrad never lost his polish accent . never mind that english was his third language ( after french ) . his reason for writing in english ? its plasticity . and to this end , he was a master . as the telegraph wrote ,

ing xmlns = " urltoken " > by the end of 2015 formed the ensemble exophony tokyo . 5 / 2016 to debut concert in toyosu civic center hall . " la folle journee au japon 2016 " on kiosk concert tours . do collaborative concert with ensemble steuerman in april this year . this time , kamei yong province , in the guest program welcomes ( violin ) , kai fumiko ( viola ) , including mr . shinohara makoto quartet world premiere and other japan premiere 3 songs in concert .

the phenomenon of writing in assumed languages by non - native speakers has in recent years been referred to as exophony ( from the greek ἔξω , éxō , ‘outer , external’ and φωνή , phōnē , ‘ sound , voice ’ ) . the term was coined by literary translator chantal wright ¹ , an associate professor at the university of warwick , who has specialised in the experimental translation of exophonic prose such as porträt einer zunge ² ( ‘portrait of a tongue’ ) , a text written by german - language writer yoko towada’s , who is a native speaker of japanese . reasons to get involved with exophonic writing will obviously vary from one author to the next . some may wish to distance themselves from the cultural environment they were born into , some aim at an audience beyond the limits of their native language , and others seek to explore a kind of inspiration that comes from the use of a language communicating in which you do not take for granted . in my case , it is a combination of these .

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as a judicial concept dating back to the 17th century , the term ex ( tra ) territoriality has long excited the interest of scholars and writers who have , since the 20th century , not hesitated to appropriate the notion , widening and transforming it in the process . this transfer to the field of humanities has opened a new space of reflection , a space for imagination , through the means of a creative re - reading , among others , which has given rise to new but related concepts such as “deterritorialization” . to take into account the growing importance of this extraterritoriality paradigm reassessing the idea of territory in literature , culture and languages , this book offers an interdisciplinary and plurilingual journey through four centuries , four continents and a dozen languages , from literature to new media , encompassing philosophy , history , linguistics , the press , the cinema… notion juridique remontant au xviie siècle , le terme d’ex ( tra ) territorialité suscite depuis longtemps l’intérêt des sciences humaines et de la littérature qui , depuis le xxe siècle , n’ont pas hésité à se l’approprier pour l’élargir et le transformer . ce transfert du qualificatif ex ( tra ) territorial vers les humanités a ouvert un autre espace de réflexion , un espace d’imagination , grâce notamment à une relecture créatrice , ce qui a pu donner lieu à de nouveaux concepts apparentés comme celui de « déterritorialisation » . pour tenir compte de l’importance grandissante d’une pensée de l’ex ( tra ) territorialité , mettant en question la notion de territoire dans les domaines littéraire , culturel et linguistique , le présent ouvrage propose un parcours interdisciplinaire et plurilingue à travers quatre siècles , quatre continents et une dizaine de langues , de la littérature aux nouveaux médias , en passant par la philosophie , l’histoire , la linguistique , la presse , le cinéma , etc .

publication date : 1 january 2014 subjects : comparative studies & world literature , literature and cultural studies status : published publisher : brill | rodopi pages arabic : 330 extent : 330 pp .

tutor : dr chantal wright ( h523 ) , c . m . wright @ urltoken

2016 / 17 , thursdays 16 : 30 - 18 : 00 . room g03 , millburn house .

* * please access talis aspire via the library webpage for the up - to - date 2016 - 17 reading list . * *

illustrative bibliography ( nb : the tutor reserves the right to make changes to this bibliography ; students will be given ample notice of any changes . )

ashcroft , b . griffiths , g . and tiffin , h . , 2002 . the empire writes back . 2nd ed . london : routledge . ( extracts ) barthes , r . , 1982 . empire of signs . translated from french by r . howard . new york : hill and wang . ( extracts ) brodsky , j . , 1986 . less than one . selected essays . new york : farrar , straus and giroux . ( ' to please a shadow ' and ' in a room and a half ' ) coates , j . , 1999 . changing horses . nabokov and translation . in : j . boase - beier and m . holman , eds . the practices of literary translation . manchester : st . jerome . derrida , j . , 1998 . the monolingualism of the other or the prosthesis of origin . translated from french by p . mensah . stanford , calif . : stanford university press . jin , h . , 2008 . the writer as migrant . chicago : university of chicago press . yildiz , y . , 2012 . beyond the mother tongue : the postmonolingual condition . new york : fordham university press . ( extracts )

emine sevgi oezdamar , the bridge over the golden horn . trans . m . chalmers ( 2007 )

levy hideo , a room where the star - spangled banner cannot be heard . trans . c . d . scott ( 2011 )

yoko tawada , portrait of a tongue . trans . c . wright ( 2013 ) and ' canned foreign ' and ' the talisman ' . trans . s . bernofsky ( 2002 )

samuel beckett , molloy . trans . p . bowles in collaboration with the author and edited by s . weller . ( 2009 )

tzveta sofronieva , a hand full of water . trans . c . wright . ( 2012 )

elias canetti , the tongue set free . trans . j . neugroschel . ( 1979 )

book news , fantasy , human interest , j . k . rowling , lists , reading , young adult

bookish events , human interest , j . k . rowling , news , potterheads

to this end , and others , some authors have skipped the middleman and turned their backs on their mother tongue to write in english .

dubbed an “exophonic community , ” the end goal is fundamentally for the purpose of gaining a wider readership . additionally , there are reasons both political and personal , let alone stylistic – whether in the sense of the cultural heritage of their mother tongue , or in order to avoid the pitfalls of leaving their texts in the hands of a translator .

“conrad’s writing can be hard going – tortuous , choppy , syntactically awkward – but beneath this apparent chaos is a meticulous lexical precision , while his stream - of - consciousness style is one of the finest examples of early literary modernism . ”

of course , even more extensive an exophonic author was vladimir nabokov . having fled his native russia in 1919 , the pale fire author went to study in cambridge , lived in germany , and eventually moved to the united states to lecture in comparative literature . comparing nabokov with conrad ( and later such writers ) , this learned multilingualism becomes an apparent pattern in exophones – but then , such internationality is what leads to textual creation in that most international of languages : english .

indeed , nabokov was as good at pinning down the correct word needed as he was in his passion for lepidoptery , his writing never faltering in lexical precision and delight – whatever the language . in fact , the telegraph describes the 1955 lolita as “a polyglot’s love letter to language scurrilously dressed up as a pederast’s love letter to a sullen child . ”

“for beckett , english felt too cluttered : psychologically , linguistically , emotionally . writing in a second language allowed him to pare things back . ”

this was not simply a 20th century literary tactic . today’s exophonic authors include eugen chirovici , a romanian whose murder - mystery , the book of mirrors , was eagerly snapped up for a seven - figure sum by the publishing world last year ( its release date is set for february 2017 ) .

“growing up behind the iron curtain , he felt that england and america stood for freedom , and this stoked his passion for the works of the anglo - american canon [ … ] english is the new lingua franca nowadays . ”

when you pause to consider that this section of the market includes authors like haruki murakami , ever popular swedish authors , and the recently unmasked elena ferrante , it is at first puzzling . however , those who don’t make the bestseller list are not deemed up to par . alexandra bücher of literature across frontiers explains ,

“i don’t think we are getting the picture of piles of translated books not selling , because booksellers are really picky about who ends up on the shelves [ … ] the independent booksellers who were happier to get translated books are disappearing . ”

therein lies the rub , and the whys and wherefores behind the need for exophones like turkish - speaking elif shafak , nadeem aslam ( urdu ) , yiyun li , ha jin , and xiaolu guo ( all chinese ) , gary shteyngart and boris fishman ( both russian ) , and bosnian - speaking author aleksandar hemon ( who published his first anglophone story only three years after having had to remain in the states due to war breaking out in his home country ) .

in short , it makes commercial sense . and yet , anna webber of united agents made a general admission :

“ [ t ] he problem is that not many publishers speak foreign languages [ … ] this is why i have to stick to representing a low number of foreign authors – about 10 % of all the writers i work with . ”

nevertheless , there exists hope for change in the form of the man booker international prize for literature in translation , which has been going since 2005 ( the latest winner being the vegetarian by han kang , translated by deborah smith ) .

some exophonic authors may be bilingual or multilingual from their childhood years , even polyglots , while others may write in an acquired language . in some cases the second language is acquired early in life , for example through immigration , and it is not always clear whether the writer should strictly be classed a non - native speaker . it is one form of transnational literature , although the latter also encompasses writing that crosses national stylistic or cultural boundaries without being written in another language .

it also overlaps with translingualism , and translingualist writer is one of many terms that has been coined to describe the phenomenon .

some exophonic authors are also translators , including ( in some cases ) of their own works .

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writing about the marginal surrealist leonora carrington in the new york times book review of 4 june , parul sehgal introduces us ( me anyway ) to the concept of exophonic writers : writers who wrote in languages other than their native tongue . wikipedia has , inevitably , a list . ms sehgal alludes to the following :

leonora carrington : incomprehension brings liberation . “i was not hindered by a preconceived idea of the words . . . this made it possible for me to invest the most ordinary phrases with a hermetic significance . ”

vladimir nabokov : was kind of forced into it . “my private tragedy , which cannot , indeed should not , be anybody’s concern , is that i had to abandon my natural idiom . ”

yuko otomo : english is more democratic than japanese . “i am elated to address a professor and a dog with the same pronoun ‘you’ . ”

jhumpa lahiri : a sort of rebirth : she finds writing in italian makes her “a tougher , freer writer , who , taking root again , grows in a different way” . ( which seems to have involved the rediscovery of the comma ! )

emil cioran : purging the past . “when i changed my language , i annihilated my past , i changed my entire life . ”

samuel beckett : a desire for self - exposure . “more and more my own language appears to me like a veil that must be torn apart in order to get at the things ( or the nothingness ) behind it . ”

quite interesting . i often say that i have found myself able to say things in a foreign language which i’d never say in english . so i’d add a category of de - inhibitor to ms sehgal’s list .

jhumpa lahiri’s switch has attracted some comment . the economist examines the move , while tim parks , in the new york review of books provides a devastating review of the result . success in writing confronts the writer with the burden of expectations . people liked your first book ; lots of them bought it ; and they are now waiting for more of the same . maybe switching to a different language provides a bit of cover ?

was originally published in english . it was translated as it was being written ( from german to english ) by koestler’s companion daphne hardy . in the chaos of wartime they were scrambling to get the book done before the germans authorities caught up with them . they did get rough translation off to england , and sent the original german manuscript to swiss publisher emil opprecht . everyone assumed that the original was lost , hence the need to publish from the english translation . when a german edition was published it had to be freshly translated by koestler into german from the “original” reworked english version . as it turns out the manuscript sent to opprecht did arrive , and has recently been unearthed . the publisher of the german edition

“ullstein noted that koestler was using ‘a great deal of foreign words instead of german expressions’ in his translation and asked for permission to change them into idiomatic german . there is irony here , for the english translation koestler worked from is itself full of german words and phraseology , a neat reversal . ”

had just been translated into french ) , i was invited by the bbc world service to cross the channel and settle down in britain . ten years later i became a british citizen . like many of my contemporaries i think , speak and write in two , if not three , languages . what unites these foreign personae is my foreign accent . ”

he points out that conrad liked to visit paris at least in part because there nobody detected his accent ; they all thought he spoke perfect english . ( but conrad spoke excellent french , so i’m not sure why he’d need to be speaking in english . ) my stepfather , also a pole , never lost his heavy accent , and although not a writer , would i imagine have written in polish where his vocabulary remained much larger . in the mill buttons were always referred to as

( goozh - eekee ) . many’s the time i’ve run upstairs for him to “get that . . . you know what . . . that thingummy” ; one would just bring objects downstairs until inspiration lit on the right one .

zinik mentions adalbert chamisso , author of peter schlemiel , a classic of 19th century german literature , who was born of french émigré parents who were fleeing the revolution and was bi - lingual all his life . there have always been lots of people like that . surely now the pace of population movement has accelerated to such a pitch that one can no longer rely on an inhabitant of say edinburgh speaking english ( in so far as one ever could ; many would claim that lowland scots is incomprehensible to a “real” english speaker . it is however an english dialect , whatever they say , unlike gaelic . ) so the expectation that a native citizen of any country should think , dream , speak , write in the language of that country becomes less and less tenable . and i refrain from a discussion here of jewish identity ; it just gets too complicated . yiddish is in a similar position now to scots gaelic : very few speak it ; many wish they did .

is this written in english ? of course it is , but william barnes wrote in the dialect of his native dorset . it’s his poem “token” . how about burns ? a dialect speaker writing in the nation’s formal language shares much with the exophonic writer . many a folk critic would want them just to pull up their socks and write proper english . some of us seem to find it hard to believe that people can really communicate in ways which we don’t readily understand . the demand that everyone write like “we” do is a bit like shouting english words slowly at a spaniard , and concluding that his failure to comprehend betokens idiocy . the funniest thing i’ve read recently is this from a review in the same issue of the tls “when de waal asked colleagues why primate face recognition tests used human faces as the target data , he was told it was thought to be an easier test for primates to pass , since human faces differ so much . ” the review does not go on to mention all these chimpanzee ethologists who are scratching their heads despairing of their human subjects’ inability to distinguish between ape faces which of course “differ so much” . ( de waal himself writes in english though he was born in the netherlands and only moved to the usa in his early thirties . you wouldn’t know he wasn’t writing in his native language . of how many academics must this be true ? )

* but his father was a translator of english into polish , and conrad did spend 16 years in the british merchant marine , became a british citizen in 1886 at the age of 28 , and lived in england for the rest of his life . he claimed to enjoy the “plastic” freedoms the english language provided him . all of which might seem more explanatory , or at least relevant .

[ … ] but not to black letter readers i’m sure” . it’s a bit reminiscent of those primate researchers who’d use human faces in testing chimpanzee facial recognition abilities , because human [ … ]

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i have recently begun working ( again ) on a piece of fictional prose that i had been procrastinating over for years — for a large part due to a long struggle with the question whether or not to write it in german . in the following article i try to explain the rationale behind my choosing the english language over my mother tongue .

aspiring writers of any given genre of fiction will have many things crossing their minds when contemplating a new project : find an overarching theme , develop storylines , characterise your dramatis personae , stage the setting , explore subplots for the various characters — and so on and so forth . one idea , however , is unlikely to make the list : to be writing in a language that you are not a native speaker of .

my native language is german . my background , as i see it , is that of what i would like to call an ‘in - between author’ — someone experienced in working with language as a profession , who at the same time lacks the practical experience needed to craft a fictional narrative into a functioning piece of catching prose . a copywriter and language and communication specialist by education and profession , i have worked with the german language on a professional basis for many years . extensive reading , writing , editing and revising german - language material , from press releases to editorial texts , and from blog entries to colourful product descriptions — all that used to come with my job . i have meanwhile switched professions ( i mainly work as a tea educator these days ) , but my life - long dealings with the german language have elevated me to a certain level of self - assuredness regarding my skills . words finding me effortlessly is what i am accustomed to , editing a german - language text to me is but a delightful excursion into a myriad of syntactic possibilities , and fine - tuning a sentence leaves me thrilled to bits over making it more easily accessible .

consequently , it may not come as too much of a surprise that , when i tell people ( especially those with a monolingual background ) that i am working on a novel project — even worse : my first one — and that i have taken it upon myself to pursue ( and ultimately realise ) said project in english , frequently rather than rarely do i receive puzzled , or even bemused reactions . why would i choose to leave behind the safe framework of my natively assumed eloquence so easily , when the very act of creative writing is demanding enough a challenge already ? of course , in some cases such a reaction can be explained as a loyal expression of concern about me wasting my time as well as my alleged creative potential while struggling with a foreign language for which i will never be able to get a sufficiently enough grasp to entirely trust my authorial gut feeling . close friends might feel obliged , and rightly so , to point out to me the difficulties that i will undoubtedly be facing should i dare move forward my audacious endeavour .

before i proceed , let me add a bit of context here by elaborating to some extent what my novel project at hand is about in the first place . the book on the realisation of which i have been procrastinating since 2010 ( sic ) , is supposed to become a novel set in not too distant a future . offering an outlook towards a time where humans might have probed further into our solar system , possibly establishing a permanent presence on planets other than earth . the main characters of this work - in - progress novel live on one of those planetary colonies . one character , a physicist and engineer , hopes to finish her life’s work in the form of some development that will ease the environmental restrictions that the population of one of said planetary colonies has been forced to abide to . another character , a medical scientist working between the conflicting priorities of science and politics , will be used to paraphrase a comment on the discourse surrounding contemporary concepts of gender and identity . a third character is supposed to bridge the gap between scientific discourse and social dynamics , adding , if you will , a kind of meta - perspective angle to the narrative . scientific plausibility is — i cannot stress that enough — the very heart of the whole project . i am just a backyard astronomer who , back in school , used to be bad at science ; but even though i am not a scientist myself , my layperson passion for planetary science and my affinity for cosmology have based my inspiration on a perception of reality that is deeply rooted in the approach of the scientific method . consequently , what i really hope to achieve with this project is to create something hat can serve as both a compelling sci - fi - esque read and as a commentary on the social dynamics of the present as i perceive it . should anyone end up regarding it as inspiring towards the future development of the world society , i shall be a happy person . here is to hoping i will not end up producing something entirely irrelevant .

any ambitious literary project will usually require the channelling of deep thoughts , the exploration of vivid nuances in meaning , the creation of enthralling atmosphere evoked by just the right choice of words . one might intuitively assume that those requirements can be met in a sufficiently and sophisticatedly enough manner only through the natural flow of words bestowed upon you by the language ( s ) acquired early in your childhood — your native tongue ( s ) . although the joys of text optimisation are not per se limited to your native language , some of the above - mentioned procedures and necessities will be harder to implement when performed in your secondary language . obviously my experience with language as a professional tool has for the largest part been achieved in and regarding german . arguably , i should be thankful for my extensive experience in this field and put it to good use . an yet : i have chosen a different path .

admittedly , the inevitable use of a dictionary , the dependency on a trusted native speaker , insecurities and frustration in the face of ones limited proficiency ( especially when being pointed at yet another unnaturally sounding choice of words ; at yet another flaw in one’s syntax ) , the admiration towards people with a native multilingual background — all that can make you feel way inferior a member of the language community of your choosing . in fact , in my case , the feeling of inferior skills made — or should i rather say , has made — me feel so anxious about this question that it repeatedly kept me from proceeding with the writing process altogether — for the past six years of my life . i was , and still am at the time of this very writing , afraid that i might be fooling myself into believing i could pull off a literary project in english . painfully aware of my insufficiencies compared , not only to native speakers , but also to non - native ones who are immersed in the english language through their living in , say , britain , i did not feel comfortable in the prospect of putting energy into something that would be meant to fail right from the beginning because of my insufficient language skills . true , english is spoken everywhere in berlin , all the time ; but unfortunately , that does necessarily include the use of naturally sounding grammar , or even vocabulary . hence , using the english language on a daily basis can , within this wibbly wobbly sphere of exophonic pragmatism , can potentially damage one’s proficiency rather than increase it . after all , there’s only so many brits in berlin , only so much life on mars to escape to .

so , when my focus should obviously be transposing above - outlined ideas successfully , why is it that i opt to willingly embrace struggling with a grammar that will remain forever foreign and with a vernacular that will inevitably keep leading to ever - so - odd choices of words , weird collocations , and syntactic peculiarities ³ ? why would i dismiss the promise of a natural flow of words within the safe harbour of native eloquence so easily , in exchange for a creative product writ in every other sentence of which will be an odd reminder that it must undoubtedly have been produced by a foreigner .

“you weave with it so effortlessly , one cant help but be pulled in . it’s not only how you write though that strikes me as surprising but with what ease you convey that sense of pure sci - fi . ” — a statement similar to this one ( uttered as a reaction to my german - language ( back - ) translation of some early draft material ) will most likely never be written about my english - language prose . my words will not always be well - chosen , they will — regularly rather than occasionally — turn out convoluted , and my syntax will most likely keep that odd german feel for all eternity .

when being asked for advice regarding the conundrum that i had created around the whole english - versus - german question , a native english - language friend of mine suggested i should regard english as a tool which i could access inspiration and information with that otherwise would have been walled off by my german ‘circuitry’ . by contrast , another friend encouraged me to do the concepting , outlines and snippets in english , yet to fill any atmospheric gaps in my mother tongue until i would eventually get to work through the material with an english - language editor .

my initial reaction to both the research and the advice i had accumulated was wise , if short - lived . after above - mentioned excitement of my multilingual , close - to - native - level german - language friend about the extend to which i was able to take command of the german language , i experienced an epiphany that made me , or so i felt , reach a decision : it would be wisest to be doing it in german , because that meant no more doubts , no anxiety , and no more unnecessary writer’s block . i had realised that my insisting on english as a creative means of expressing myself had in fact simply been my ego talking . now that i had analysed what would be most efficient in order to achieve the best possible result for this project , german undoubtedly seemed to be the right choice . i felt inspired , and i was grateful for everyone’s part in the decision - making process . there were no two points about it .

yet , here i am , almost 2 , 000 words into an article explaining to you and to myself the rationale behind my ultimately choosing english over german .

unfortunately for future readers of my literary outpourings , aspects more powerful than the reasoning behind my supposed wisdom turned out to be playing into my aversion behaviour against the use of german . for instance , a sceptic approach towards society in general — which in turn implies : a tongue by any other name would taste as bad . tough luck , thou “language of schiller and kant , merkel and schwarzenegger” ⁴ . poetic justice , though , in the face of the frustration that derives from no one ever getting my doctor who references in germany .

an approach that really clicked with me is the one demonstrated in the following quote by czech - german - english - canadian author dan vyleta ⁵ , whose books have gathered wide international acclaim : „the answer is that english is my own , never mind when i acquired it . that i chose it the way one chooses a spouse , which is to say i fell in love with it . i wrote my first cheque in english ; met my life’s companion in english . i can no longer remember a day when i did not think , and dream , in english . there was never a question in my mind that i would write my books in anything else . “ ⁶

now , in stark contrast to vyleta , i lack both the ability to express myself as sophisticatedly in english as i would be able in german , and the experience in crafting a piece of literature . but , as surprising as this may sound , at these early steps i see this as an advantage — not over vyleta , obviously , but over an hypothetical , ever - so - experienced parallel - universe me . for with my self - assuredness about my command of the german language has come a feeling of routine . a routine that has brought me to me point at which , at least for now , i cannot for the life of it seem to find any motivation in the prospect of crafting a fictional piece in the tongue that is supposed to be my first language .

the way i see it , it all comes down to where one’s personal goals and priorities lie . in my case , as i have implicitly stated in the passage above , i do no longer have the ambition to prove to myself or the german - speaking community my decently skilful conduct of the german language . quite the contrary , there are some linguistic problems i do not even wish to bother with . grammatical gender , for instance — a concept that , thankfully , the english language got rid of almost a millennium ago ⁷ . i do not want to sound too escapist though ; in everyday conversation i still play my proactive part in the evolution of my mother tongue by , say , using the nominalised present participle ( gerund ) instead of explicitly male or female forms⁸ . the problem is , however , that german speakers are far from reaching any consensus whatsoever about its usage , and i am , quite frankly , fed up with discussing it . maybe the passion i used to have for the fate and future of the german language has left me — for good ?

the vast majority of inspirational resources i have been influenced by gets novelised ⁹ , reported ¹⁰ , tweeted ¹¹ , recorded ¹² , or otherwise produced ¹³ in english . so when i choose to write in english rather than in my native language , i am also seeking to act out on my creativity in the very language that has sparked by imagination in the first place .

for better or worse , as someone with a sometimes decent , sometimes not - so - decent command of the english language , i consciously choose to write my novel in this second language of mine rather than in my mother tongue . if that challenge is what keeps my imagination network active ¹⁴ , and if my goal is to transpose my ideas in a readable manner : then it seems i have got my work cut out for me .

even if i fail , the very process can be a first step in slowly , but ( hopefully ) surely developing a style that i can truly call my own . for example : as much as i abhor the use of nominalisations that is widely spread among native german speakers , curiously enough , i myself love playing with them in english . similarly , whereas i frequently advise against the use of high - faluting loanwords in my native language , in english anything derived from latin and ancient greek is what makes my linguist heart geek out . will it stay like this , will my choice of words in time become more natural ?

whether german happens to be your native language , but the time spent in an english - language environment is what sparks your imagination ; whether you were born in japan , but you find german more suitable to express your creativity ¹⁵ . in a world that is becoming more and more culturally incoherent , i would like to make a case against limiting our creative output to the borders of nations or language that we happened to be born in . sure , we could easily stick to our native languages , which we have mastered to an extend that can fool us into thinking we basically own them . we can focus on the development of characters and storylines in lieu of continuously worrying about a lack of native - level language proficiency .

personally though , i would rather take my chances and strive for an immediate connection with an audience who share my curiosity for the unconventional , who are able to connect to my ideas , no matter where on this planet they live — without having to rely on the vague hope that my german - language text might at some point get translated out of my native tongue . i do not envy the editors that will at some point have to deal with my syntactic oddities and my collocational peculiarities . i can only hope they will do so as forgivingly as , in my wishful thinking , any future readers of my purple prose .

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