the sibex-sibiu stock exchange ( sibex s.a. in romanian ) was established as a private company in december 1994 , with 33.24 million lei share capital , and was the first romanian exchange authorized by romanian national securities commission ( rnsc ) .

in july 1997 , sibex ( known at that time as sibiu monetary financial and commodities exchange ) has become romania 's first derivatives exchange through the implementation of futures contracts .

since 1994 , sibex ’s national and international recognition has grown significantly as the developments of the company have contributed to growth and consolidation of its position within the romanian and international capital markets .

as opposed to bucharest stock exchange , romania 's largest stock market , sibex focuses on the derivative financial products .

sibex - sibiu stock exchange is romania 's first and largest market of futures and options contracts at the moment ; as a market / system operator it administers the regulated derivatives market , regulated spot market and alternative trading system .

on the derivatives market , sibex is trading products with underlying single stock futures , futures index , commodities futures and currency futures .

the shares traded on the regulated spot market and on the alternative trading system of sibex – sibiu stock exchange are settled through sibex depository ’s system .

clearing and settlement of trades with financial derivatives on the regulated market administered by sibex – sibiu stock exchange is accomplished by athens exchange clearing house , which is a central counterparty defined in accordance with applicable european regulations and authorized by its national authority , contractually designated by sibex as provider of clearing and settlement of financial derivatives trades for one or more regulated markets managed by sibex .

in 2005 , sibex was evaluated by pricewaterhousecoopers to 3.4 million eur , but it has been subject to continuous growth and expansion ever since .

in comparison , in the same time period , pwc has evaluated the bucharest stock exchange at 16 million eur .

as of may 2006 , sibex had 74 shareholders of which 38 were financial investment companies .

sibex is run by a board of directors presided by mr. ovidiu petru , ceo and general manager .

in may 2006 , sibex discussed a merger with the larger bucharest stock exchange , located in the capital of romania .

after a lengthy period of negotiations between sides , in october 2006 , shareholders of the bucharest stock exchange have rejected the proposal .

failing to absorb the sibiu exchange , bucharest stock exchange ( bvb ) has announced ( june 2007 ) that it plans to open its own derivatives market in the near future .

bvb has long announced plans to start its own derivative products based on its main composite indices : bet , bet-c , and bet-fi , ( there is also a rotx index , listed on the vienna stock exchange ) .

eventually they might adopt currencies , stock index , and bonds as future underlying assets for their planned derivatives .

until then , the sibex - sibiu stock exchange will still be seen as romania 's one and only powerful derivative marketplace .

in january 2008 – sibiu exchange became a member of the association of futures markets international organization which gathers stock exchanges and other financial entities in europe , asia , south america and africa .

january 2010 - sibiu monetary financial and commodities exchange ( smfce ) had officially launched the regulated spot market and its shares were admitted to trading on the regulated market administered by smfce .

march , 2011 – sibiu exchange changed its name into sibex - sibiu stock exchange ( sibex ) .

also the new logo of the company was launched , representing 7 transylvanian cities , signifying the meeting place for the investors who choose to turn their ideas into money .

the new logo represents the local tradition of exchange and seriousness .

in 2013 sibex signs the partnership agreement with opcom ( romanian gas and electricity market operator ) for the development and launching of the power derivatives on sibex financial derivatives regulated market .

sibex started to trade futures contract on us stocks , for the first time in romania .

february 2014 - sibex signed the partnership agreement with athex group incorporating : the provision of clearing services from athex group ’s clearing house “ athexclear ” under emir requirements , use of athex group multi-exchange trading platform ( oasis ) by sibex along with athex and cyprus stock exchange , use of xnet services , thus offering access to global markets .

december 2014 sibex finalizes the project regarding the connection of the derivatives market to a central counterparty - athexclear , as well as the migration of the derivatives market to a new trading system .

this project is by far , the most important project related to the infrastructure of sibex-sibiu stock exchange .

sibex activity is managed by a board of directors whose chairman is mr. galatanu ovidiu dan .

the executive management is run by mr. petru ovidiu as chief executive officer .

sibiu stock exchange

sibiu stock exchange <EOT> bucharest stock exchange and sibex sibiu stock exchange concluded an agreement bucharest stock exchange . the stock exchange is for the people !

university “lucian blaga” of sibiu students and any other persons interested in the stock market .

“the stock exchange school” is a complex educational project which will take place in several stages .

sibiu stock exchange ( sibex ) was founded in 1994 having commodities intermediation as the main activity . starting with 1997 the company focused on the development and the administration of securities and financial derivatives markets .

bucharest stock exchange runs markets for shares , bonds and other instruments , through regulated platforms and alternative systems , and provides a wide range of services to participants of financial markets . bucharest stock exchange is a public company , listed on its own market since 2010 .

sibiu exchange was founded as a private company with 33 . 24 million lei share capital and was the first romanian exchange authorized by rnsc . being the pioneer of exchange listed derivatives in romania , at the moment sibex is the leader on this market segment .

“the stock exchange school” is an educational initiative that started from a generous idea : to build and grow a financially educated generation , one that knows how to shape its financial future .

bucharest stock exchange ( bvb ) announces the conclusion of a coordination agreement with sibex – sibiu stock exchange s . a . that will allow carrying out of concrete steps in the following period toward the potential merger process between the two companies . the agreement allows the implementation of critical elements for such a process , i . e . the phase of the evaluation of the companies . teams of experts from both companies have been dedicated to this project in order to establish principles and conditions for collaboration , aiming at creating the fundamentals with regard to the potential merger .

sibiu exchange launches in 1997 the first derivatives products , the futures contracts . then , in 1998 , options on futures were implemented , cfd ' s ( contracts for difference ) in 2009 , shares in 2010 and binary options in 2011 .

the weekly classes are hosted by the co - founders of the program in partnership with the university “lucian blaga” of sibiu ( ulbs ) .

sibex - sibiu stock exchange was founded in 1994 , having as initial main activity commodities intermediation . starting with 1997 the company focused on the development and the administration of financial derivatives , such as futures contracts . currently , sibex is market operator and administrator of a derivatives markets and also operator of a cash regulated market and an alternative trading system . sibex is since 2010 a company listed on its own regulated securities market .

the chief executive officer of hellenic exchanges group , mr . socrates lazaridis stated during the event : «in a period that development of a common european regulation creates significant challenges for mutual activities of the markets that provide services ; such cooperation is for us a great success . moreover , the agreement to extend the platform and cover the members and the markets of sibiu stock exchange is another small but important step towards the expansion of helex group ' s network »

ludwik sobolewski , ceo of the bvb commented : “we are satisfied that one of the most challenging projects among those ran by the bucharest stock exchange is getting a new impulse . we believe that the absorption of the sibex by the bvb may enhance the market infrastructure bringing only advantages for the stakeholders of the bvb and this is the goal bvb will uncompromisingly realize when progressing with this undertaking” .

as financial markets and co - founders florin oprea and decebal todăriţă concluded a partnership with the university “lucian blaga ” of sibiu regarding the implementation of a financial education program among the students by organizing a series of free courses in three modules : initial , intermediate , advanced .

shares and international shares , rights and international rights , corporative bonds , municipal and international bonds , shares issued by collective investment units ; units of investment units . etfs ( exchange traded funds ) financial instruments admitted for trading on a regulated market ( traded but not listed on the alternative trading system ) .

the cooperation agreements signed today between the two exchanges complete their initial agreement for the provision of clearing services in the new environment taking shape in accordance with regulation 648 / 2012 of the european parliament ( emir ? european market infrastructure regulation ) , as well as the technological upgrade and support of new projects of the exchange .

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on the occasion of the signing of the cooperation agreement between the helex group and the sibex exchange of romania , an event was held today , february 5th , 2014 at the hellenic exchanges group headquarters . during this event , the chairman of the board of sibex , mr . ovidiu galatanu , declared the start of the trading session by ringing the traditional opening bell .

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this cooperation aims ? among others ? to develop new products and services to participants in the two markets , and to reduce operating costs by taking advantage of the economies of scale that a single , technological and regulatory framework of operation will provide to the two markets .

mr . ovidiu galatanu , chairman of the board of sibex pointed out during a short speech : " it is a particular pleasure and honor for the sibex team to be here today for the signing of the cooperation agreement . i am convinced that this fruitful partnership will be a success for both the exchanges and their participants . »

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" the only way that has ever been discovered to have a lot of people cooperate together voluntarily is through the free market . ” milton friedman

“to know values is to comprehend the meaning of movements in the market . ” charles dow

" the goal of a successful trader is to make the best trades . money is secondary . " - alexander elder

“as a general rule , the most successful man in life is the man who has the best information . ” benjamin disraeli

“someone ' s sitting in the shade today because someone planted a tree a long time ago . " warren buffett

“we look for the close coordination efforts of the two teams to generate a successful project that will meet the expectations of both shareholders and market participants” said ovidiu petru , the ceo of sibex .

_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ for further information for media , please contact : bogdan mugescu , pr specialist , + 40 . 765 . 346 . 715 , bogdan . mugescu @ urltoken

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in relation to operating financial instruments markets , sibex organizes training programs for capital market specialists , being authorized as a professional formation institution by the romanian national securities commission ( rnsc ) , and by the national commission for professional formation of adults as a professional formation provider for brokers .

with over 16 years of experience in the domain of the derivatives , sibex offers the investors accessible products and services .

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any information that you receive via urltoken is at best delayed intraday data and not " real time " . share price information may be rounded up / down and therefore not entirely accurate . ft is not responsible for any use of content by you outside its scope as stated in the ft terms & conditions .

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a recent study by the world bank shows that the economic and financial knowledge in romania ( measured by the financial literacy index ) is at an average of 31 on a scale of 0 to 100 .

a gfk survey conducted for the romanian banking association ( arb ) in 2011 shows that the main information channels used by romanians are : tv shows on financial and banking issues ( 42 % ) ; relatives / friends ( 40 % ) ; banking products information ( 37 % ) ; articles on financial issues in print or online ( 29 % ) ; banking agencies ( 27 % ) ; product information offered by banks websites ( 17 % ) ; online search engines ( 16 % ) ; forums , blogs discussing banking products and banks ( 10 % ) , no source of information ( 33 % ) .

program graduation by a number of 1 , 000 people at the end of the 2 . 0 phase by the end of june 2016 ( the 1 . 0 phase is currently running and it ends in june 2015 ) .


pruning is a horticultural and silvicultural practice involving the selective removal of certain parts of a plant , such as branches , buds , or roots .

reasons to prune plants include deadwood removal , shaping ( by controlling or directing growth ) , improving or maintaining health , reducing risk from falling branches , preparing nursery specimens for transplanting , and both harvesting and increasing the yield or quality of flowers and fruits .

the practice entails targeted removal of diseased , damaged , dead , non-productive , structurally unsound , or otherwise unwanted tissue from crop and landscape plants .

in general , the smaller the branch that is cut , the easier it is for a woody plant to compartmentalize the wound and thus limit the potential for pathogen intrusion and decay .

it is therefore preferable to make any necessary formative structural pruning cuts to young plants , rather than removing large , poorly placed branches from mature plants .

specialized pruning practices may be applied to certain plants , such as roses , fruit trees , and grapevines .

it is important when pruning that the tree ’s limbs are kept intact , as this is what helps the tree stay upright .

different pruning techniques may be deployed on herbaceous plants than those used on perennial woody plants .

hedges , by design , are usually ( but not exclusively ) maintained by hedge trimming , rather than by pruning .

in nature , meteorological conditions such as wind , ice and snow , and salinity can cause plants to self-prune .

this natural shedding is called abscission .

pruning

pruning <EOT> all tree pruning work undertaken by plateau trees adheres to the australian pruning standard . the most common types of tree pruning include ;

offers total tree trimming and pruning services , including directional pruning , full pruning , deadwooding , and even brush and shrub trimming .

topiary - deliberately pruning trees into fanciful shapes . topiary pruning is usually performed on evergreen tree species .

pruning firs , douglas firs , and spruces control height and encourage fullness by pruning during dormancy . watch the video…

pruning trees doesn ' t have to be a difficult task . whether you ' re pruning fruit trees or hardwoods , we show you how to prune a tree , including tree - pruning tools , whether to use tree - pruning sealer , and the correct tree - pruning techniques .

feel free to contact us for more information on pruning practices and how we can help you with your pruning needs .

proper pruning is essential in developing a tree with a strong structure and desirable form . trees that receive the appropriate pruning measures while they are young will require less corrective pruning as they mature .

at lovering tree care we offer complete pruning services . we will perform full canopy pruning on large mature trees by hand or with our 60’ bucket truck . we also offer pruning services to enhance your view ( vista pruning ) , or increase production in your fruit trees . a tree may need pruning for a variety of reasons :

crown thinning is a pruning operation used to lighten the crown allowing more natural light and air to penetrate through the canopy . this pruning operation leaves an even well balanced branch structure with generally small pruning wounds .

maintenance pruning regular pruning enhances the look and health of your garden . get an overview on the benefits of maintenance pruning and a general idea of when to prune early - and late - flowering shrubs . read more…

video : pruning climbing roses with help from paul zimmerman , you’ll be able to prune your climbing roses with confidence . watch the video… related information… the one essential thing to know when pruning climbing roses pruning climbing roses

there is a correct season for pruning and branch removal , which varies depending on the species . formative pruning of young trees is essential to create a good branch structure . correct pruning techniques at this stage help prevent decay .

video : root pruning container plants if your container plant is rootbound , or just growing a little too vigorously for your liking , root pruning can help .

dormant pruning is especially important for apples , pears , and crabapples because pruning wounds during the growing season expose the trees to a bacterial disease called fireblight .

for most other deciduous trees winter pruning is easier as the branches are more visible but is best accomplished before christmas as later pruning can result in bleeding .

pruning clematis your clematis may be a spring bloomer , repeat bloomer , or late - season bloomer . each type calls for a different pruning approach , and in this article , pruning guru lee reich explains what to do . read more…

video collection : planting and pruning roses view videos on planting roses in containers and feeding , mulching , pruning , and preparing roses for winter . watch the videos…

get tips for pruning spring - flowering shrubs to keep them attractive and healthy .

reducing - pruning - landscape plants - edward f . gilman - uf / ifas

for most species , the tree should have a single trunk . identify the best leader and later branches before you begin pruning and remove defective parts before pruning for form .

pruning is the most common tree maintenance procedure . although forest trees grow quite well with only nature ' s pruning , landscape trees require a higher level of care to maintain their structural integrity and aesthetics . pruning must be done with an understanding of tree biology . improper pruning can create lasting damage or even shorten the tree ' s life .

test garden tip : to control the spread of diseases while pruning , dip your pruning shears in rubbing alcohol or a solution of one part bleach to nine parts water .

we offer a full range of tree pruning services throughout the english lake district area .

pollarding : in this extreme form of pruning , the entire head or crown is removed which can make most attractive small trees , although at the price of repeated pruning .

1 ) select an appropriate species . not all shrubs respond well to drastic pruning .

video : pruning arborvitae , junipers , and chamaecyparis conifers with fan - like needles will not form new growth on old wood , so judicious pruning is advised . watch the video…

! proper pruning is vital to the health and longevity of your plants and trees . pruning involves selectively removing parts of the plant to accomplish one or more of the following :

pruning of evergreen trees is often carried out in april , as they come into growth .

bayers , janet . " pollard tree pruning technique " accessed july 09 , 2018 . urltoken

deciduous shrubs require maintenance pruning to keep them healthy and in scale with their surroundings . maintenance pruning practices should begin at the time of planting , or after rejuvenation of older shrubs .

pruning subshrubs subshrubs such as lavender , sage , thyme , and wormwood require special pruning techniques to keep them looking good . timing is critical for ensuring healthy , dense growth . read more…

keep tools sharp . one - hand pruning shears with curved blades work best on young trees .

now that you know the pruning basics learn what steps you should take throughout your trees life .

other pruning options if a crown reduction isn ' t what your looking for then here are some other pruning options . crown thinning crown lifting dead wood removal pollarding conifers arboricultural consultant kent bs5837 reports

the pollarding of a tree is the most drastic form of pruning , but for some species ( such as poplar or willow ) in the wrong environment , this form of pruning is essential .

understanding these terms for pruning can be as necessary as knowing what a tablespoon is in cooking .

pruning advanced ornamental trees . now ' s the time . . . / collections − speciality trees

there are many reasons why tree pruning is important . plateau trees has trained arborists who understand trees and will provide you with the best advice on how your trees will respond to pruning . plateau trees will also advise on any council approvals required for tree pruning and can assist with council applications .

tree pruning is one of the primary roles of arborists involving a wide variety of skills and equipment .

pruning trees isn ' t tough , but it can be intimidating . if you ' re not sure how to prune a tree , follow these five easy tree - pruning tips for perfectly - pruned trees .

pruning and training wisteria well - placed summer and winter cuts will keep this vigorous vine manageable . read more…

pruning japanese maples the right cuts reveal a branch pattern that looks good with leaves or without . read more…

video : pruning shrub roses peter kukielski , curator of the peggy rockefeller rose garden at the new york botanical garden , demonstrates the best way to prune shrub roses . watch the video… more videos on this topic… pruning shrub roses that grow new canes from the base every year pruning shrub roses that build a structure over time

plateau trees have experienced and qualified arborists who can complete all aspects of tree services including pruning & deadwooding .

pruning is important work and addresses tree risks , tree form , tree function , tree health and longevity .

with the american national standard for pruning , ansi a300 , specifications are interpreted based on the development process approved by the american standards institute . the a300 standard has been drafted to address pruning specifications across all geographic areas . the following information is designed to help you understand exactly what will be accomplished in a pruning operation .

an understanding of the end goals lie at the heart of good pruning . before beginning work , it is imperative that your plans include the objectives of pruning , the pruning types to be used , the size range of branches to remove , the percentage of live crown to be removed , and the location of branches .

most of the cuts you make when pruning should be thinning cuts . an incomplete list of examples include :

virginia tech , virginia cooperative extension : pruning peach trees ; richard p . marini ; may 1 , 2009

pruning in winter allows the tree to begin sealing the wound immediately at the start of the growing season .

video : where to cut where you make your pruning cuts makes a difference in how quickly they heal . in this video , lee reich , author of the guide to pruning book , demonstrates best practices . watch the video…

specific types of pruning may be necessary to maintain a mature tree in a healthy , safe and attractive condition .

know a stylish gardener and want to buy the perfect practical gift ? check out the pink mini pruning set .

great advice on the 10 and 2 angle , and pruning to the bud ! thanks for the informative post .

thanks great read . i hate seeing a young healthy tree ruined or at stunted from a bad pruning job .

2 ) observe proper timing . the preferred time for renovative pruning is just before bud break in early spring .

specific types of pruning may be necessary to maintain a mature tree in a healthy , safe , and attractive condition .

anewscafe : pruning fruit trees , winter or summer , with rico montenegro ; jennifer jewell ; jan . 22 , 2011

video : a survey of pruning tools whatever you are pruning , the right tool makes all the difference . in this video , horticulturist lee reich examines an array of pruning implements . you’ll learn what the tools do , and what to consider when shopping for a new hand pruner , lopper , saw , pole pruner , or hedge shears . watch the video…

- maintenance pruning ( mp ) — is recommended when the primary objective is to maintain or improve tree health and structure , and includes hazard reduction pruning . an example here might be to perform an mp operation on a front yard tree .

vista pruning : vista pruning is selectively thinning of framework limbs or specific areas of the crown to allow a view of an object from a pre - determinded point , or to trim to hide an object from a pre - determinded point .

remember that late winter and early spring is the best time to prune many of your trees and shrubs . do your research , have the proper tools , and be careful . for more information on pruning visit urltoken and search for “pruning” .

trees can be vista pruned year - round ; however , the winter months are the best for vista pruning because the limited foliage allows for clear sight lines , and the firm ground allows for easier access with pruning equipment . we recommend vista pruning every two years or so , but some properties may need it more frequently in order to maintain those desirable views .

proper tree pruning is an art based on scientific principles of plant physiology . at its most basic level , pruning trees involves removing damaged , dead or structurally weak limbs , which will improve a tree’s health and reduce the chances of personal or property damage caused by falling limbs . more advanced pruning methods aid in improving the tree’s structure and long - term health .

here at budget arbor and logging we can help you decide what type of pruning is needed for your trees and shrubs .

bayers , janet . " pollard tree pruning technique . " home guides | sf gate , urltoken accessed 09 july 2018 .

not the answer you ' re looking for ? browse other questions tagged flowers pruning leaves bulbs or ask your own question .

lifting is the pruning operation to raise the crown / canopy . it involves pruning or removal of branches to increase the distance between the base of the canopy and ground level . it is normally carried out to improve access or provide visibility beneath the canopy . this type of pruning should , if possible be carried out before a tree reaches maturity in order to avoid large wounds .

the ultimate guide to pruning strategies and techniques in guide to pruning , fg editors explain how to prune hundreds of plants . whether you are new to gardening or a veteran of many seasons , you’ll refer to this guide again and again . buy the book…

video : pruning conifers for health dead , diseased , or damaged branches should be removed when the problem arises . watch the video…

most routine pruning to remove weak , diseased , or dead limbs can be accomplished at any time during the year with little effect on the tree . as a rule , growth and wound closure are maximized if pruning takes place before the spring growth flush .

discover more step - by step trips on pruning while gather other inspiring advice in the trees & shrubs digital value pack download .

furthermore , when talking about the pruning cut , " reducing cut " is another term sometimes used to mean a thinning cut .

pruning trees and shrubs is essential to maintaining healthy plants . it ' s important to remove dead or diseased wood , to increase air circulation to the plant ' s interior and to increase flower and fruit production . follow this process to pruning your woody plants .

reduce : selective pruning to decrease height and / or spread . this type of pruning is done to minimize risk of failure , to reduce height or spread , for utility line clearance , to clear vegetation from buildings or other structures , or to improve the appearance of the plant . not all tree and shrub species can tolerate reduction pruning , so the species and plant health should be considered .

don’t worry about protecting pruning cuts . for aesthetics , you may feel better painting large wounds but it doesn’t prevent or reduce decay .

bayers , janet . ( n . d . ) . pollard tree pruning technique . home guides | sf gate . retrieved from urltoken

pruning hollies learn when and how to prune your hollies , whether you have deciduous , rounded , intermediate , or pyramidal plants . read more…

reducing the size of the trees ' overall canopy by pruning the branches evenly throughout the crown and retaining the tree ' s natural shape .

through - pruning - also called y - pruning , this practice is performed by utility companies to train trees to grow around high - voltage wires to give the wires at least 10’ of clearance from the tree . only utility arborists should prune trees around high - voltage wires .

don ' t coat pruning cuts on shrubs with paint or wound dressing . these materials won ' t prevent decay or promote wound closure .

late summer or early fall pruning causes vigorous regrowth , which in some cases may not harden off by winter , leading to possible cold damage . whenever unexpected damage from vandalism or bad weather occurs , prune at once . ( see vce publication 430 - 462 , shrub pruning calendar )

tree pruning may be required to remove dead or decayed branches . it can also make the tree look more attractive . tree pruning increases the amount of sunlight the undergrowth gets . this method may be necessary if some of the branches are obstructing the pathway or dropping leaves into the gutter .

treat climbers and old garden roses that bloom only once per year the same as other spring - blooming shrubs : pruning after they finish blooming .

most broadleaf evergreens , including holly , mahonia , and some types of magnolias , need little pruning . the best time to prune them is in early spring , just before they put on their growth spurt . you can do minor shaping and pruning at other times of year , too .

clean : selective pruning to remove one or more of the following parts : dead , diseased , and / or broken branches . this type of pruning is done to reduce the risk of branches falling from the tree and to reduce the movement of decay , insects and diseases from dead or dying branches into the rest of the tree . cleaning is the preferred pruning method for mature trees because it does not remove live branches unnecessarily .

test garden tip : if you ' re growing a privacy hedge , reduce the amount of pruning maintenance needed by selecting shrubs that grow only as tall and wide as necessary to provide screening . allow them to grow into their natural form , and little , if any , pruning will be required .

this type of pruning does much less damage to a tree than reducing the canopy size . it is best done gradually over a period of years .

— decrease the height and / or spread of a tree . consideration should be given to the ability of the species to sustain this type of pruning

rhs tree experts no longer recommend pruning or wound paints in most cases as they appear to inhibit healing and may actually encourage rotting . to encourage healing make pruning cuts through the branch ‘collar’ ( slight swelling where the branch joins the trunk ) as this is where natural healing most readily takes place .

) and willows . although the outcome is similar , these processes are different , mainly due to the location on the plant where the pruning begins .

making a 3 - part pruning cut like that is especially important when pruning larger branches - if you make one single cut , you can tear bark from the trunk of the tree as the branch is removed , leaving an open wound on the tree . for smaller branches , it’s not as much of a concern if you’re making small pruning cuts with a hand snip , but it’s never a bad idea to use the 3 - part method .

a heading cut is the opposite , a cut to a node that is too undeveloped to grow strongly and smoothly replace the growth removed by pruning .

pruning at different seasons triggers different responses . late winter or early spring , before bud break , is usually the best time to prune many species because new tissue forms rapidly . however , pruning should be delayed for most spring - blooming shrubs until immediately after flowering to avoid reducing the floral display .

true pines are more particular about their pruning needs than other needle - leaf evergreens . pines form buds only at branch tips before the stem becomes woody .

a vista is defined as a “pleasing view , especially one seen through a long , narrow opening . ” ( google ) as it relates to tree care , vista pruning is essentially the pruning of trees to create a pleasing view , whether through a series of trees , or over a serious of trees .

crown restoration : crown resortation pruning should improve the structure , form and appearance of the tree which has been severely ( topped ) vandalized or storm damaged .

fruit trees such as apples , crabapples , mountain ash , hawthorns , and cotoneaster shrubs should be pruned in february through early april . this reduces the chance of the bacterial disease fireblight and infection from occurring . pruning in fall or early winter may cause drying out and die - back at the pruning sites .

prune shade trees such as oak , linden , and ash when they are dormant in winter . it ' s easiest to see the branching structure at this time of year , and you ' re less likely to spread diseases through the pruning wounds . as with nonblooming shrubs , avoid pruning them late in summer .

winterberry holly : unlike the kinds of holly presented above , winterberry is not evergreen . it is so different from the more typical hollies that we might as well be discussing another plant altogether , especially when it comes to pruning . while drastic pruning is a bad idea for evergreen hollies , it is quite acceptable for winterberry , which responds well to rejuvenation - style pruning . remove up to 1 / 3 of the stems each year , targeting the oldest , thickest ones .

pruning crape myrtles many people plant crape myrtles for their vibrant summer color , few people prune them correctly . find out how it should be done . read more…

harris , richard w . “clarifying certain pruning terminology : thinning , heading , pollarding . ” journal of arboriculture 20 ( 1 ) : january 1994 , 51–54 .

with newer reblooming types , such as the endless summer series or let ' s dance series , which bloom on new growth as well as old wood , timing of pruning is less critical . even if you cut off some of the flower buds by pruning the old stems , the plant will bloom on the new growth .

apples ( including crabapples ) , peaches , pears , plums , and cherries should be pruned in midwinter . although winter pruning removes some of their flower buds , the goal in pruning fruit trees is to open up the tree to allow in more light for a better crop of fruit , rather than to get maximum bloom .

like most trees and large shrubs suitable for hedging and screening , tip pruning is recommended for these specimens to keep their shape and health . this type of pruning also encourages denser growth . we grow ours to be dense and upright . this tree is currently available with that beautiful red tinge in 30cm and 50 litre containers .

pruning of deciduous trees ( those that lose their leaves in winter ) is often best carried out in winter , as it is easier to see the branch structure .

clear the desired height of trunk of any growth . if new growth is stimulated from the trunk by this pruning , rub off the shoots as soon as they emerge

many ornamental shrubs and trees can be allowed to grow without regular pruning . however , occasionally you may need to restrict the size , remove dead or unsightly growth , increase vigour , improve the shape or keep the plant in a healthy state to produce flowers and / or berries . some shrubs , if left unpruned , continue growing from where the growth ended the previous season , becoming top heavy , flowering well above eye level , and with a bare base . more on pruning shrubs more on pruning clematis

pruning , normally done when the trees are dormant . keep the trees ' size and shape under control and stimulate the formation of flowers and fruit buds to ensure productivity .

crown thinning is applied mainly to broad - leaved tree species and commonly when pruning fruit trees . usually the extent of these works is specified as a percentage . i . e carrying out a 10 % crown thin . tree thinning is one of the more difficult tree pruning practices and produces a more subtle result than that of crown reduction .

it is possible to reduce the final height of trees that would otherwise grow as central - leader standards by removing the leader and pruning as a branched - head standard .

copyright 2015 arbor tree surgery , inc . copyright 2015 for an arborist , tree trimming , or pruning — choose arbor tree surgery , inc . california state license # 343996

depending on the tree involved and the intended effect there are several tree pruning strategies . they are listed here from those requiring the least work , to the most work .

i have also noticed that many homeowners think topping is actually a method of pruning or the way to trim a tree and are not aware of the damage it causes .

in regards to pruning shrubs , up to one - third of the oldest , damaged , thickest stems or trunks should be pruned right slightly above the ground . this technique will revitalize the plant and encourage new growth from the roots . hedge pruning needs to be done often . after the hedge has reached the desired size , prune back the six to eight inches of new growth . this form of pruning should be done in spring and again in mid - summer to give the hedge a dense and attractive appearance .

cut back shrubs grown primarily for their foliage , such as barberry and burning bush , almost anytime except in late autumn . new growth that starts after late - season pruning won ' t harden off properly before winter . if you want to do major pruning , it ' s best to cut the shrub back when it is dormant in winter .

topping is perhaps the most harmful tree pruning practice known . yet , despite more than 25 years of literature and seminars explaining its harmful effects , topping remains a common practice .

pruning is required to remove dead and dying branches to maintain tree health and safety . this type of pruning is referred to as cleaning . research has now documented that thinning , the removal of live branches to reduce crown density , significantly reduces wind resistance and potential storm damage . thinning should only be done on trees where the crown is “too dense . ”

vista pruning increases your landscape’s value and enhances beauty by creating visual access to lakes , rivers and valleys . urban tree service can restore vistas that can get lost over a course of 1 - 15 years . vista pruning makes the most of surrounding views , while maintaining privacy where desired . let urban tree service help you achieve this for your home today .

pruning shrubs is a small task that can make a big difference in your garden . learn how to prune shrubs the right way for healthy branches and blooms all growing season long .

fig . 9 . good pruning cuts leave the branch bark ridge and the collar intact and on the trunk . note the ridges that remain on the three cuts in this photo .

if you have any questions about crown thinning or any tree surgery , tree care , pruning and trimming matter , please contact us . we will be more than happy to help .

raise : selective pruning to provide vertical clearance . crown raising shortens or removes lower branches of a tree to provide clearance for buildings , signs , vehicles , pedestrians , and vistas .

summer pruning tends to suppress growth of both suckers and foliage . summer - blooming shrubs should be pruned in early spring prior to bud set , or in summer immediately following flowering .

the dormant period in late winter is the smartest time to perform extensive pruning . besides sparking new growth that will blossom in spring and summer , pruning in late winter gives tree wounds time to heal as warm spring weather arrives . the main exception to this timing is when you remove diseased limbs , a project that you should tackle swiftly at any time of year .

pruning peach trees during cold spells in winter can make them vulnerable to stress . this can lead to problems such as bark injuries , dieback of young shoots and flower bud death . because pruning sparks new growth , you should wait until mild weather hits ; this gives the new growth time to heal without taking frost damage . if you ' re removing diseased branches , it ' s also safest to wait for dry weather , as wet weather can make it easier to spread infected spores from the pruning tools to other parts of the tree or garden .

a good starting point for pruning any plant is to remove dead , diseased , or damaged stems as soon as you see them . dead stems attract insects and invite diseases to develop .

thin : selective pruning to reduce density of live branches . thinning trees reduces the density at the edge of the crown , not the interior , which increases sunlight penetration and air movement .

dry , dead wood may be pruned at any time . gardeners should inspect bougainvillea plants periodically , either when pruning or watering . dry , dead twigs and branches may be removed at these times with sharp pruning shears . these branches may be cut down to the source where they intersect with other branches . this type of maintenance will keep the plants looking fresh and full .

make pruning cuts correctly . for heading cuts , prune 1 / 4 inch above the bud , sloping down and away from it . avoid cutting too close , or steep , or the bud may die . when pruning above a node with two or more buds , remove the inward - facing ones . make thinning cuts just above parent or side branches and roughly parallel to them .

how to prune an old apple tree pruning can bring an old apple tree back to health and let you reap the fruit of your labor . find out how it should be done . read more…

prune trees every winter so that they don ' t grow out of hand . ( the one exception is young trees in their first year . ) learn pruning basics to help you get started .

resist the urge to break out the shears and start hacking away . proper shrub pruning methods vary based on the type of plant you have . learn how to prune your shrubs for healthy results .

the best time to prune live branches may depends on the desired results . growth is maximized and defects are easier to see on deciduous trees if live - branch pruning is done just before growth resumes in early spring . pruning when trees are dormant can minimize the risk of pest problems associated with wounding and allows trees to take advantage of the full growing season to begin closing and compartmentalizing wounds .

thinning a tree is a common pruning practice , as it improves light and air flow , making for a healthier tree ; however , thinning can also be used when vista pruning to open up views through the trees . this is common along water - front properties , as homeowners are looking to improve their views , without cutting down the trees that add both appeal and privacy to their property .

reduction pruning performed after the tree has become too large could require the removal of large diameter stems . the resulting wounds can be accompanied by decay , cracks , and sprout development . therefore , it is preferable to perform reduction before the tree has become too large for its environment . proper reduction pruning reduces size while more - or - less maintaining a tree ' s form and minimizes regrowth .

not all plants tolerate this severe form of pruning . grapes , black locust , catalpa , mulberry , redbud , sycamore , willow and ailanthus are a few that can be pollarded for desired effects .

there are two main techniques that are used when vista pruning ; and they are crown reduction , and tree thinning . reducing the crown consists of pruning the upper portion of the tree , effectively opening up views above the trees . crown reduction works especially well when the desired view is in the distance and the viewing platform – be it a house , deck , patio , etc – is elevated .

arborists and tree surgeons tend to classify pruning according to where abouts in the crown branches are removed from . what ever type of pruning you are doing , you should remember that trees need their leaves in order to produce food - never remove more than 30 % of the live foliage from a tree at once . if the tree is less than perfectly healthy , you should remove less than this .

a few tree diseases , such as oak wilt , can be spread when pruning wounds provide access to pathogens ( disease - causing agents ) . susceptible trees should not be pruned during active transmission periods .

pollarding - frequent pruning of the upper branches of a tree to keep the tree at a consistent height and promote dense small branch growth . pollarding can have similar consequences as topping and is generally discouraged .

thinning - pruning branches from a tree for aesthetic purposes . some thinning is done to reduce wind resistance ; however , this is not really necessary because trees often need their entire branch structure to support each individual branch . thinning should be done in the winter , although limited thinning can be done in the spring . no more than 20 - 25 % of the canopy should be removed during one pruning cycle .

you have chores , and we can help you do them efficiently with expert advice on winter cleanup , spring pruning , sowing seeds , planting late - season bulbs , creating containers , dividing perennials . . .

image : public domain _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ find solutions to all of you pruning worries with the pruning answer book .

pruning may also include the removal of some healthy wood . this may be formative pruning to improve the future development and structure of the tree for example removing a competing leader in a juvenile tree , to thin the crown to permit new growth and better air circulation , to reduce the height of a tree to reduce shade or wind throw , to remove obstructing lower branches or simply to shape a tree for aesthetic purposes .

it is usually best to try and keep tree ( and shrub ) growth under control with regular pruning , but this is not always practical , especially if you inherit overgrown trees and shrubs in a new garden .

video : pinching stem tips pinching stem tips is a form of pruning that can make plants look neat , as well as encourage branching and bushier growth . this video will show you how the technique . watch the video…

prune all grapes close to the lateral arms each year during the dormant season to produce the best fruit . the degree of pruning depends on the vigor of the variety . prune vigorous varieties more heavily than weak growers .

this technique is suitable for young trees , from one - year - old until their formative pruning is completed after about four to five years . most trees sold in garden centres will already be at least partially trained .

covering all aspects of surgery from tree felling to pruning / loping , crown work , pollarding and dead wooding , we follow the required standards set out in accordance with the british standards for tree works ( bs3998 ) .

the overarching industry alternative to tree lopping is pruning , through which branches are cut back to a branch union or a fork . pruning sets the tree up for greater success down the road than lopping does . we’ll discuss that issue in greater later in the article . but for the time being , suffice it to say that true tree lopping is a practice that arborists are trained to avoid , as it can be detrimental to the tree’s health .

pollarding is a severe tree pruning technique that involves lopping off most of a tree’s branches where they meet the trunk . although the method is used on both young and mature trees , it differs from the coppicing pruning technique in that the tree is allowed to form a trunk and reach at least 6 feet tall before pollarding begins . coppicing , on the other hand , requires cutting a tree or shrub all the way to the ground each year .

sucker pruning - clipping the suckers that grow from the base of the tree . this can be done at any time of the year and should be done before the suckers get bigger than ¼ - 1 / 2 inch .

it is best for the palm if green fronds remain intact . overpruned palms may have slower growth and may attract pests . climbing spikes should generally not be used to climb palms for pruning , because they wound the palm trunk .

spring shrubs need slightly different pruning care than other woody plants to avoid cutting off would - be blooms . watch this quick video to learn more about trimming , shaping , and cutting back spring - flowering shrubs such as lilacs .

then proceed as for a mature specimen , following the advice for the tree in question from a book such as : rhs pruning & training by christopher brickell and david joyce , available to buy online from the rhs book shop .

proper pruning starts with removing dead or diseased branches , then moving on to more aesthetic considerations . follow this easy checklist every time you prune for maximum results . in four steps , your trees will be looking healthy and neat again .

pruning hydrangeas first , determine if your hydrangea blooms on old wood ( blooms appear in early summer and fade ) or on new wood ( blooms appear later and continue until frost ) . then prune accordingly . read more… . watch a video…

we try to leave small branches on the lower trunk intact for about a year or more if possible after removing large branches because they help minimize injury from sudden sun exposure by shading the trunk . they also speed closure of pruning wounds .

others prune holly later in winter because they prefer their display of holly berries outside . that part of it is up to you , since , either way , you will be pruning at a safe time , when the shrubs are dormant .

most pruning of palms is done to remove dead or dying fronds , inflorescence ( flowering ) , and / or fruiting clusters , particularly those that may be a potential risk to the public , such as coconuts . pruning is usually conducted at least biannually . coconuts may be pruned as often as every 3 to 4 months to minimize the risk of injury or damage from the heavy fruit . great care should be taken to avoid any damage to the terminal bud or trunk when removing fronds .

pruning a young tree in order to produce a tree which in maturity will be free from major physical weakness . we achieve this by removing competing leaders , crossing branches and weak branches to ensure the tree has one main leader or central trunk .

consider consulting a professional arborist or tree care company familiar with proper pruning and the need for written specifications , especially if the tree is large or potentially unmanageable . arborists and tree care companies should prune according to the american national standards institute standard .

what time of year should i prune my roses ? timing does matter , and here’s a real simple answer from paul zimmerman , our rose blogger . read more… see also : summer pruning roses in a hot climate can roses be pruned in fall ?

grapes grow vigorously and require extensive pruning each year to keep them productive . most training systems for grapes involve developing a main stem or trunk with several lateral stems or arms . grapes fruit on lateral shoots from the current season ' s woody growth .

removal of dying , diseased , broken , or dead limbs can be accomplished at any time with little negative effect on the tree . plant growth can be reduced if live - branch pruning takes place during or soon after the initial growth flush . this is when trees have just expended a great deal of stored energy to produce roots , foliage , and early shoot growth so pruning at this time is usually not recommended due to the potential stresses . stressed trees should not be pruned at this time .

the swiss - made gold standard in pruning tools , these ergonomic felco 6 pruners mean business . they fit comfortably in the hand with their nonslip handle coating , come with a lifetime guarantee and feature a cutting adjustment . rating : * * * *

pruning peach trees every year ensures that nutrients aren ' t wasted on excess foliage or dead limbs . instead , those nutrients support large , healthy fruits . you ' ll need to eliminate dead or diseased branches first , then remove crossing branches that can become breeding grounds for disease . you can also trim for size and shape as desired . but before you grab your pruning tools and start sawing off branches , you ' ll need to consider what time of year is safest to prune your peach trees .

the trade - off is sometimes worthwhile because you are choosing a time to prune that is safe for the plant . at other times of the year , pruning may leave the plant vulnerable to diseases or spur new growth that will be damaged by frost .

make the final pruning cut at the base of the actual connection between the branch and trunk when there is included bark in the union there is no need to apply paints , wound dressings , or chemical formulations of any type to the surface of the cut .

some trimmers lack the knowledge or experience to provide proper pruning or crown reduction service since these techniques require skill , experience and precision . not anyone with a chainsaw , climbing ropes or aerolift can prune trees , no matter how long they have been doing it .

while many trees will naturally form their adult shape as they grow , others need a little assistance to create a clear trunk and a well - spaced canopy of branches . it is wise to keep an eye on young trees and carry out formative pruning as required .

in good pruning , there are two fundamental types of cuts : thinning cuts and heading cuts . the location of your cut on the plant and its relation to nearby old and young , weak and strong buds and branches determine which type of cut you just made .

this tree above has had one half of its canopy reduced to get rid of the overhang . even though it has had a heavy prune back the pruning is considerate of the trees needs . there are plenty of growing points left for the tree to use in recovery .

often , when there is either a problem with access or with visibility under the tree canopy itself , the crown of the tree will need to be raised or “lifted” . pruning of this nature should be carried out by bruks tree surgery before the tree reaches a mature age .

yesterday we did some “vista pruning” at morehouse school of medicine , here in atlanta . check out the before and after shots of this building . before , the view of the building was completely blocked by tree branches . after , the building is clearly visisble and looks great !

older shrubs often grow out of proportion with their surroundings , and may have large amounts of unproductive wood . two techniques are used to restore old shrubs , provided they still have sufficient vigor and are growing in a favorable location . keep the following in mind with rejuvenation pruning :

pruning near the end of the dormant season has several advantages , including : 1 ) limited time remaining before the tree or shrub will begin its spring growth and healing process , 2 ) avoid certain disease and pests , 3 ) provides easier sight and access without deciduous foliage .

- hazard reduction pruning ( hrp ) — is recommended when the primary objective is to reduce the danger to a specific target caused by visibly defined hazards in a tree . for example , hrp may be the primary objective if a tree has many dead limbs over a park bench .

it is very important to understand , first , that these two types of cuts exist , and second , what response from the plant they provoke . when you read my articles or any reference on pruning , directions will tell you to make one kind of cut or the other .

on established trees , the three most common types of pruning are : 1 ) crown thinning , selectively removing branches , specifically the weak , in the crown to promote air movement 2 ) crown raising , removing the lower branches to provide more clearance for mowing , sidewalks , streets , etc . and 3 ) crown reduction , removing some of the large branches at the top of the tree to reduce its height . this is not topping the tree because the branch is removed directly above the lateral branches . this form of pruning should only be done when absolutely needed .

how to prune cane - growing shrubs cane - growing shrubs are shrubs that grow from multiple canes , not a single trunk . examples are forsythia , viburnum , lilac , and spirea , among many others . maintenance pruning keeps them shapely , but even for overgrown shrubs there’s a remedy . read more…

each cut has the potential to change the growth of the tree , so no branch should be removed without a reason . at k & s we will discuss the job with you to ensure that pruning is carried out in the safest and most tree - friendly way to achieve the desired result .

when a tree outgrows its space , gardeners must decide if it is worth reducing it in size . this is usually achieved through pruning , but it can be hard work and expensive . the alternative is to replace the tree with one to suit the space , but this is not always practical .

although bougainvillea plants bloom year - round , the period of most intense blooming often occurs in the fall . after blooming , bougainvilleas experience a period of growth and new blooms are produced . bougainvilleas will grow into many shapes , from a standard to a ground cover . older bougainvilleas may become spindly or lanky , especially those that have not been pruned in many years . pruning meant to shape or rejuvenate bougainvilleas should take place in late winter or early spring , immediately after the period of blooming , to avoid removing blossoms . hard pruning may stimulate a period of intense growth at the expense of blooming .

if you are concerned that your tree’s crown is too large and you live in the horsham or wimmera district , you can contact us at 0428 833 232 and we can give an expert assessment . we’ve had years to hone our skills in tree pruning and are happy to help you as qualified arborists .

bougainvillea ( bougainvillea spp . ) is a tropical plant hardy to u . s . department of agriculture plant hardiness zones 9b through 11 . during times of hot or dry weather , varieties of bougainvillea will bloom with vibrant pink , purple , red , orange and white blooms . left to its own devices , a bougainvillea may become unmanageably tall ( up to 20 feet ) and tangled with dead and living branches . for gardeners with limited space , pruning is an essential part of tending a bougainvillea . for the health and appearance of the plant , different types of pruning are best done at different times of year .

pruning is an essential gardening skill . when you prune correctly , you encourage healthy growth and flowering ( in the case of flowering plants ) , as well as good looks . for most shrubs and trees , it helps to prune at the right time . some are best pruned in winter ; some right after flowering .