sydney trains is the suburban passenger rail network serving the city of sydney , new south wales , australia .

the network is a hybrid suburban-commuter railway with a central underground core that covers over 815 km ( 506 mi ) of track and 178 stations over seven lines .

the network has 21 hours a day operation with train frequencies of every three minutes or better in the underground core , 5 – 10 minutes at most major stations all day , 15 minutes at most minor stations all day and four trains an hour on the cumberland line .

during weekend services trains are less frequent with headways of upwards of a half-hour on outer stations with frequencies of less than 10 minutes in the underground core .

the network is controlled by the new south wales government 's transport authority , transport for nsw , and is part of the authority 's opal card ticketing system .

in 2016-17 , 324.7 million passenger journeys were made on the network .

sydney trains

sydney trains <EOT> sydney trains currently operates 6 different types of trains . click to enlarge . ( source : sydney trains . )

the sydney trains fleet of trains serves the sydney trains lines in and around sydney , australia . much of the rolling stock is double - deck electric multiple units .

nightride buses replace sydney trains to most stations across the greater sydney network and some sydney buses routes operate late too .

where a tap off occurs at a station shared by sydney trains and nsw trainlink networks , the peak times are for sydney trains .

sydney trains - fleet maintenance division we currently have over 30 engineering vacancies available at various sites across sydney .

sydney trains aims to educate school students and the community to travel safely on and around trains and stations .

sydney trains network area : 7 - 9am and 4 - 6 . 30pm weekdays

the acting chief executive of railcorp is sydney trains chief executive , howard collins .

there are also hints that sydney ' s suburban trains may become more crowded .

for over 160 years , the sydney trains network has played a critical role in the provision of transport services for sydney .

from 2013 railcorp’s operation and maintenance functions were transferred to sydney trains and nsw trains , leaving railcorp as an asset owner .

sydney trains also operate the rail management centre and are responsible for the maintenance of assets including tracks , trains , signals , overhead wiring , stations and facilities . sydney trains also maintains trains and a large proportion of the infrastructure used by nsw trainlink .

sydney ferries operate on sydney harbour and connect the city to a variety of locations .

sydney trains is the operator of rail services across the metropolitan sydney area , bounded by berowra , emu plains , macarthur and waterfall .

sydney trains replaced cityrail as the provider of metropolitan train services for sydney . intercity services from the sydney cbd that were also formerly operated by cityrail are now run by the new nsw trainlink

sydney metro has undertaken one of the most comprehensive aboriginal archaeological programs in sydney’s north west region .

the roc will help ensure sydney trains can continue to improve the service it provides to customers .

nsw trainlink currently operates 4 different types of trains , 2 electrtic and 2 diesel . click to enlarge . ( source : sydney trains . )

sydney trains run the passenger train service covering suburban sydney and extending to the hunter , central coast , blue mountains , southern highlands and south coast regions .

the railways are a quintessential part of sydney . railway historian bob mckillop argues that they shaped the commerce and suburbs of sydney in his two new entries for the dictionary of sydney , the railways of sydney : shaping the city and its commerce and funeral trains .

the metro network will be fully segregated from the existing sydney trains network between sydenham and bankstown , improving the reliability of services on the line . interchange between sydney metro and sydney trains at both locations will be provided , with improvements to station way - finding and signage .

“the trains in nsw are not really “intercity” trains . they don’t serve that function in any meaningful sense compared to how trains are used overseas . they are primarily outer - suburban and extra - suburban commuter trains . ”

a $ 2 . 8bn order for 65 new trains will result in all trains on the nsw network being air conditioned . currently , 90 % of all trains on the sydney trains network , as well as all trains on both the nsw trainlink network and t4 line on the sydney trains network , are air conditioned . however , the new trains are not expected to begin taking passengers until 2019 , with a complete rollout taking a further 5 years to 2024 . this means non - air conditioned trains may still be operating for the next decade .

the new trains will run between sydney and newcastle , the central coast , south coast and the blue mountains .

millennium trains ( m sets ) were introduced between 2002 and 2005 , constituting the fourth generation of sydney trains suburban rollingstock . these were the first suburban trains in sydney fitted with a multiphase alternating current traction system . the trains run in 4 or 8 car configurations . they replaced the tulloch trailers which the r and s sets ran with .

another possiblity is this has arisen from the nswtrains / sydneytrains split . nsw trains have specified their new train , suggested it can be “paid” for by returning the h sets to sydney trains ( the logic of this is sound ) , but ignoring the role nsw trains services play on the sydney trains region , as that isn’t their problem anymore .

heritage work for the skytrain section of sydney metro northwest uncovered the ruins of an early 19th - century sydney inn .

sydney trains is responsible for managing one of australia ' s largest collection of heritage - listed buildings and cultural landscapes .

our fleet maintenance division ( fmd ) manages the maintenance of the sydney trains and nsw trainlink passenger fleets , delivers major fleet upgrade programs and provides technical support for trains in service .

mr constance said sydney trains management was trying to squeeze the most out of the rail network , especially during peak periods .

the new trains are set to run between sydney and newcastle , the central coast , south coast and the blue mountains .

however “regional train” sounds a bit bland . personally i prefer “interurban trains” which captures the slightly more urban nature of these trains ( given sydney’s geographic sprawl ) compared to their european counterparts .

associate professor pablo guillen alvarez is an economist at the university of sydney . this article was first published in the sydney morning herald .

a new fleet of intercity trains carrying customers from sydney to the central coast , newcastle , the blue mountains and the south coast .

hundreds more trains will operate in sydney . but journey times will increase in some cases to make room for all that new metal .

the nsw government has announced a big increase to the number of trains travelling to the sydney cbd , with hundreds of extra services .

after the conversion , metro trains from bankstown will run at least every four minutes in the peak , or 15 trains an hour .

implementation of sydney’s rail future will eventually enable sydney trains to carry another 90 , 000 to 100 , 000 people per hour in the peak . this will provide the largest increase in capacity in 80 years

all users of sydney transport pay an extra fee for train travel to or from the airport . here’s the detail on how you can avoid airport fees on sydney trains . read on for the summary .

the sydney metro west mega railway project will include an underground station at westmead , delivering more travel benefits to greater western sydney . . .

running trains 24 / 7 is as much a fantasy as sydney lord mayors idea of turning the city into a city that never sleeps .

nsw has 253 electric passenger trains , split between sydney trains ( 201 ) and nsw trainlink ( 52 ) . there are also an additional 21 diesel trains that operate on the non - electrified hunter and southern highlands lines , as well as part of the south coast line .

the upgrade of the railway between epping to and chatswood is an important part of the $ 8 . 3 billion sydney metro northwest . it ' s the first step in introducing next generation metro trains to sydney .

the union was told that about 70 people in sydney trains’ information and ‘‘customer environment’’ branch would either lose or have to reapply for their jobs .

the remaining sydney airport buses are mostly used to travel on to places further afield where rail links don’t exist or trains don’t run very often .

the plan was released in 2012 and identified sydney metro northwest ( formerly the north west rail link ) as stage 1 of sydney’s new metro network .

the roc will modernise how sydney’s rail network is controlled by incorporating dozens of different systems into a single location and changing our approach to managing trains .

" this is a massive commitment to a transformational project that will help ensure sydney trains can continue to improve the service it provides to customers . "

the sydney metropolitan rail operator , provide frequent trains between sydney and most suburbs over an intensive network of lines . most lines operate through the city railway - either running around the city circle , through the eastern suburbs railway to bondi junction , or across the sydney harbour bridge to north sydney . sydney trains are frequent and well - used , although they have a reputation , deserved or otherwise , of being a touch unreliable . of particular interest is that the entire sydney train network is operated by electric double - deck trains . sydney central station is a grand edifice somewhat in the style of european or north american grand terminal stations befitting its position as the departure point for some of australia ' s great long - distance trains . in recent years it has been tastefully restored and is worth a look for anyone who appreciates fine architecture .

sydney trains will also start a new direct link between the inner west and parramatta on the t2 line on weekdays . inner - west services to sydney ' s cbd will run as frequently as every six minutes during peak periods .

people are shocked when i say sydney is a city that depends on trains . car is still king only if you exclude the postcode that generates the country ' s highest share of gross domestic product , sydney ' s cbd .

the first of 24 new suburban trains for sydney ' s network will arrive late next year , which the government has estimated will cost $ 1 billion .

sydney trains ceo howard collins said : " the organisation’s performance has been held back in recent years by outdated technology and having to respond manually to incidents .

have a think about the last time you saw a 4 carriage train in sydney . it was probably on the carlingford line , where there isn’t enough power on the overhead wires for 8 carriage trains , or long distance intercity trains .

a new transport era has started in sydney with the new sydney metro statutory authority coming into effect to deliver the city’s world - class metro system . . .

mortuary station , just outside central station in sydney , in its funeral heyday .

documents obtained by the abc outline potential changes to sydney ' s train system .

sydney ' s train system will be affected by the introduction of the metro .

railcorp is a nsw government agency that holds rail property assets , rolling stock and rail infrastructure in the sydney metropolitan area and limited country locations in the state of nsw and it makes these assets available to sydney trains and nsw trains for their operations . it also manages the nsw government’s contract with the airport link company .

this becomes somewhat highlighted by the split of the interrurban trains from cityrail suburban trains , a split which is yet to be reflected in any way by ticketing .

yet , the cost of sydney trains remains too high , because half the rolling stock is kept idle outside of rush hour . our double - decker trains are a custom - built oddity . and each train has a driver and a guard .

the confusing sydney trains map has also been simplified with the addition of a new rail line — except it’s actually a new name for a line that already exists .

“this is a massive commitment to a transformational project that will help ensure sydney trains can continue to improve the service it provides to customers , ” mr constance said .

the nsw government contracts website describes the $ 17 . 6 million deal signed by sydney trains with the consulting firm in september as covering " management advisory services " .

operations director of sydney trains , tony eid , said the station opened in 1869 and “trains would arrive at the station , mourners could buy a ticket , there would be a small ceremony , the family would hop on and the coffin travelled free” .

we offer high - profile advertising opportunities across a network that spans sydney and beyond .

an impact document predicts a reduction of ' west to north ' capacity by 25 per cent , suggesting more passengers on already crowded trains from sydney ' s western suburbs .

transport minister andrew constance told a business gathering on wednesday that the government expected a 21 per cent surge in patronage on sydney ' s trains in the next three years .

when sydney trains chief executive officer howard collins talked about boosting customer service and implementing new innovations at ausrail plus 2015 in november last year , this was what he meant .

sydney trains will pay consultants ernst & young $ 17 million for advice on how to transform its business , under a government contract to run for less than a year .

a new fleet of trains for long distance , intercity services from sydney to the central coast , newcastle , the blue mountains and the south coast is on the way .

about 300 trains a week will be added to the western and inner west lines .

the first of the new trains is due to begin operating in nsw in 2019 .

the new inter - city trains are expected to be on the tracks in 2019 .

the shiny irons down under – starfire rail - [ … ] sydney , the irons were showing off their passenger toting skills by 1855 . documents proclaiming the sydney tramroad and railway…

but where are all those extra trains going to come from ? well , the answer could well be from sydney’s south west whose commuters already have a long trip to work .

the re - timetabling of peak - hour trains and slower stopping patterns down the northern , southern , inner - west and western lines is another impact of the sydney metro .

from midnight to 4 . 30am , most trains stop running . nightride buses replace sydney train services between midnight and 4 : 30am , stopping near stations along the train line .

a new fleet of intercity trains will come into service from late 2019 , carrying customers from sydney to the central coast , newcastle , the blue mountains and the south coast .

yes – agree . overnight sydney’s buses are relatively quick , operate close to timetable and reliable . in the east they are often full . as sydney trains are now always 8 carriages it would be highly inefficient to run them overnight when they would be largely empty .

following extensive community consultation the nsw government has announced changes to the proposed western sydney corridors .

take a look back in time along the new sydney metro line between chatswood and sydenham .

sydney’s rail future is a long term plan to increase the capacity of sydney’s heavy rail network through investment in new services and upgrading of existing infrastructure . it is a plan to improve the customer’s experience by modernising sydney’s rail network . it was released on 20 june 2012 .

at the ticket windows located within the train stations at the sydney domestic or international airport .

it’s also a time - saver if you have only a day or two in sydney .

this new order of 65 trains represents a renewal of about a quarter of all electric passenger trains in nsw , of which there are currently 253 sets of 8 carriage trains , that will operate on the blue mountains , central coast , and south coast lines . the new trains could include features such as luggage compartments and premium carriages . these will replace the existing 52 electric trains used for intercity passenger services ( 25 v - set and 27 oscar trains ) . this in turn will allow those 27 oscar trains to be reallocated off the intercity network and onto the suburban network to replace the 24 ageing s - set trains , none of which are air conditioned and the first of which was introduced in 1972 .

" it will also mean faster and more frequent services will be able to be delivered on the sydney trains network from other major centres like penrith and blacktown , " he said .

most of sydney ' s trains stop running between midnight and 4 . 30am , however there are alternatives in place to help you get home safely when you ' re out late .

the first trains in the new intercity fleet will begin testing and commissioning in early 2019 .

providing new trains and ferries for a more comfortable , reliable , efficient and accessible journey .

“ms berejiklian said the government hoped toilets would be available on all the new trains . ”

” intercity trains don’t need 3 + 2 seating , such as on the oscars . ”

most trains stop between midnight and 0430 . after that nightride buses operate on most routes .

geoffrey clifton , a senior lecturer in transport management at sydney university , said the figures showed that sydney risked reaching a " gap in capacity " on its rail network sooner than forecast .

our double - decker trains are very difficult to run at a higher frequency than they do now . they have more seats but carry fewer people than single - deck metro trains . we need more trains with more room and rail lines or else our city will have a stroke .

a new licence to operate air services between sydney and moree has opened for expressions of interest .

thanks to the australian railway historical society who partnered with the dictionary of sydney on this project .

australia’s version of the ferry across the river styx was a train to lidcombe , western sydney .

patronage on sydney ' s train network has surged over the past year , placing greater urgency on plans for public transport such as a new metro line between sydney ' s cbd and parramatta .

heading to the airport this festive season ? take the train is the advice from sydney airport .

sydney’s rail future forms part of the nsw long term transport master plan ( pdf 42 . 3mb ) . sydney’s rail future delivers a three - tiered system to respond to changing customer needs :

a media conference was held at the castle hill showground station construction site on thursday for the first look at the single - deck driverless trains which will be used on the sydney metro line .

passenger demand for trains in sydney has risen by almost 20 per cent on some lines in just a year , new figures show , underscoring the strain on the city ' s rail network .

an extra 1 million people catching trains to sydney airport last year has spurred the state government to put on an additional 200 services a week in an attempt to cope with the unprecedented demand .

the intercity trains will have two - by - two seating on their upper and lower decks .

last year , almost 42 million passengers caught flights to and from sydney ' s kingsford smith airport .

the first stage of the program focused on boosting capacity through extra services , better infrastructure and new train , with around 1500 extra weekly services , including more express trains for western and south west sydney .

at present , travellers navigating the central station hub in sydney’s cbd are faced with t2 airport , inner west and south line trains departing in three different directions — only one of which serves the airport .

mr constance said the proposed sydney west metro line from the cbd to parramatta simply had to be built because extra trains would not be able to be put on the t1 and t2 lines by 2031 .

the nightride buses are the backbone of the o ' farrell government ' s transport response to concerns about alcohol - fuelled violence in central sydney , after it rejected proposals for more late - night trains .

the awarding of the contract for the intercity fleet comes several months after the government earmarked more than $ 1 billion for new suburban trains for sydney ' s overstretched rail network over the next four years .

i think the new trains will look a lot more like the oscars than you may be thinking .

the first of five mega tunnel boring machines ( tbms ) which will deliver the next stage of sydney metro is on its way to start digging deep under sydney on australia’s biggest public transport project . . .

the government of new south wales ( nsw ) in australia is planning to build a new sydney trains rail operations centre at green square in a bid to reduce train delays and provide faster information to customers .

one of the biggest complaints that often falls on railway operator ears is train delays , so the new south wales government has invested $ 276 million in building a new sydney trains rail operations centre at green square , a precinct that has gone under constant new development through the state government and the city of sydney .

sleep in and save – avoid peak hour trains from monday to friday and you’ll save 30 % off the standard fare . note that this does not apply to buses and ferries – it’s for trains only .

sydney metro , together with signalling and infrastructure upgrades across the existing network , will increase the capacity of train services across sydney from about 120 an hour today , to up to 200 services an hour beyond 2024 .

the sydney metro – from sydney ' s north - west to bankstown – now under construction is an excellent idea and the coalition governments should be praised for finally making it happen . sydney metro west from the cbd to parramatta is also in the pipeline . but the berejiklian government should keep moving in the right direction .

ticket - sellers are being removed from sydney train stations where commuters can use the opal public transport smartcard .

" the opal ticketing card should be across all forms of public transport in sydney by early 2015 " .

if you are coming by plane , there are public transport options to get to and from sydney airport .

the german , swiss and french regional trains shown in the press release are also mostly not “intercity” trains but commuter or inter - urban trains ( the real intercity trains whether very high - speed e . g . tgv and ice or just plain fast – by nsw standards i . e . around 200km / h ) are more normally singlke deck abd even more comfortab le tyhan the examples shown in the press release .

most services run from george street outside town hall railway station . the nightride network closely mirrors the sydney trains network , with allowances made for the fact that major roads and railway lines often follow quite different alignments .

the other issue is modern disability standards . the v - set platform gap is unnacceptable these days , so i think they’ll need to spec the same width train as the rest of the sydney trains fleet regardless .

the first new trains will hit the tracks in 2019 , with the rollout expected to take three years .

“i think the new trains will look a lot more like the oscars than you may be thinking . ”

if you are visiting sydney and surrounds , you can pay your fares on trains , buses , ferries and light rail with an opal card or opal single ticket . opal is the smartcard ticketing system used to pay for travel on public transport in sydney , the blue mountains , central coast , the hunter and the illawarra .

the changes are the next step in the nsw government’s ‘more trains , more services’ program which is being touted as a $ 1 . 5 billion investment to provide an “urgent uplift” in customer service on sydney’s rail network .

sydney’s rail future is a long - term plan to increase the capacity of sydney’s rail network through investment in new services and upgrading of existing infrastructure . it’s a five - stage program to meet the challenges of a growing population and the needs of customers in the future . the plan aims to modernise and transform sydney’s rail network .

that said , if we ditch the requirement for the trains to run through the city , it opens up a world of design and efficiency possiblities . for a starters , the trains no longer need to 158m “long” .

the government should reconsider finishing the maldon - dombarton freight line and building a new tunnel under the royal national park escarpment for the fast train to wollongong . faster trains and limited express trains using improved or new infrastructure should also be considered to link badgerys creek and parts of western sydney to parramatta , macquarie park and the cbd .

patronage on sydney ' s rail network has risen 10 per cent over the past year . the government is forecasting a 20 per cent surge in growth in train trips to and from western sydney within the next five years .

other than the train shutdown , sydney’s current overnight network appears to be exactly what daniel bowen recommends for melbourne .

the roc will modernise how sydney’s rail network is controlled by incorporating dozens of different systems into a single location .

nightride bus network with weekend frequency : 10 minutes ( purple ) , 15 minutes ( blue ) , 30 minutes ( green ) , 60 minutes ( orange ) . click to enlarge . ( source : sydney trains . )

modifications along the rail corridor from west of springwood station to lithgow station to accommodate the new and existing trains .

the new sydney train map will see the t2 inner west line become sky blue and a new t8 line introduced .

sydney public transport uses one - card - for - everything , the opal card . you can buy the opal card

the nsw government is investing in a state - of - the - art rail operations centre ( roc ) which will minimise delays and ensure when incidents do occur on the sydney trains rail network , customers receive better and faster information .

sydney trains is building a $ 276 million rail operations centre in alexandria , of which $ 90 million was allocated in the june nsw budget , to become the " nerve centre " of the rail network when it opens in 2018 .

faster travel times for customers through digital train control technology and upgraded rail infrastructure , creating more opportunities for express trains .

hang on , why can’t the new trains be used for services like coast via shore ? ? i don’t follow .

“although the government has not released any details about the trains , they are likely to be double - deckers . ”

most of the time the electric trains operate as a set of 8 carriages , although with the exception of the waratah trains these can be split into twice as many 4 carriage trains . the old “silver set” trains include the s - set , k - set , and c - set trains , depending on whether they are air conditioned or have reversible seats . the oldest of these , the s - sets , are the only trains to lack air conditioning , and will be kept on for the next decade primarily in reserve . the reasoning here is that if an additional train is needed due to another train not being available , a non - air conditioned train is better than no train at all .

railcorp is a nsw government agency that holds rail property assets , rolling stock and rail infrastructure in the sydney metropolitan area .

if you were booked to travel on a train from this sydney railway station it wasn’t going to be a happy journey .

the latest figures from opal data give a better insight into passenger demand on sydney ' s train lines than previous measures .

so , if the new train is going to use an “off the shelf” design , there is no way this new fleet can perform this double role anymore . all trains will ( probably ) have to run in and out of sydney terminal .

over the next 10 years this essential program will transform sydney’s busiest train lines with more services through digital systems , infrastructure upgrades , and more new trains . the next stage of more trains , more services will investigate upgrades to parts of the network with state - of - the - art technology to create high capacity , turn up and go services for many customers .

the nsw government has ordered 24 new eight - car suburban trains which will begin rolling onto the tracks in late 2018 .

trains will also run every 15 minutes late at night on weekdays , instead of every 20 to 30 minutes at present .

> hang on , why can’t the new trains be used for services like coast via shore ? ? i don’t follow .

the growth comes despite the cost of a one - way journey between sydney ' s cbd and the domestic and international terminals costing an adult passenger more than $ 17 during peak hours , making it sydney ' s most expensive stretch of rail track .

new transport for nsw commuter statistics show sydneysiders make an estimated 1 . 2 million trips each day on our trains . sydney ' s train system is moving more people by rail each day than every city in the united states , bar new york .

n90 : town hall to hornsby , via north sydney and chatswood ; some services terminate at gordon . operated by transdev nsw .

public transport use has been steadily increasing in sydney , with one exception . patronage on the city ' s nightride buses - the only form of mass transport available to sydney ' s early - morning drinkers and late - night workers - is falling rapidly .

travel sydney with opal card city passes . they make it easy to get around and can save you money . here’s how .

asked whether the changes would come at the expense of services on other lines , sydney trains chief executive howard collins said : " overall we ' re lifting services up across the board [ but ] yes there are some adjustments in one or two areas .

passengers would need to change trains to continue into the city and north , something that could increase journey times and station congestion .

when the government established sydney’s new general cemetery out at haslem’s creek in 1867 , people complained that the cost of funerals would be prohibitive . the government provided a novel solution : a funeral train to transport coffins and funeral groups out to rookwood necropolis . the mortuary station on regent street , redfern , designed by colonial architect james barnet , is a gothic reminder of the sydney funeral trains .

no trip to sydney is complete without a journey from sydney to manly on a ferry , and indeed there is something to be said for spending a day cruising around the harbour on the many inner harbour ferries . all ferries operate to and from circular quay .

the government’s decision not to take up the option to order an additional 20 waratah trains has previously been cited for why 10 % of the fleet on sydney trains still lacks air conditioning . these non - air conditioned trains had to be retained in order to provide additional services on the south west rail link , set to open next year . when asked to comment , a spokesperson for transport for nsw said “the s - sets are rarely used but remain in storage for now and are only put in service when required” .

nightride is a network of bus routes in operation between midnight and 05 : 00 in sydney . the eleven routes are run by private bus operators and allow for a nightly shutdown of the sydney trains commuter rail network . established by the new south wales ministry of transport and monitored by transport for nsw , nightride has been in operation since june 1989 . [ 1 ] it is designed to provide for track maintenance , lower running costs and improved customer safety . prior to the introduction of nightride , trains on the sydney commuter network had run on a 24 - hour basis , although at much lower frequencies during nightride hours than at other times . [ 2 ]

a solar farm in regional new south wales will help deliver a new generation of metro rail services in sydney’s north west . . .

" we are seeing regions being kicked in the guts by this government for the benefit of the bottom line and everyone in sydney .

why not do one of the sydney harbour walks ? this harbour walk is easy , has stunning views and takes about an hour .

you can also view the route and stopping sequence for nightride services on the sydney nightride bus network map ( pdf 136kb ) or download a map ( pdf 539kb ) showing where you can catch a nightride bus along with other late night travel options across the sydney cbd .

most of the ones i’ve seen like the german regionalbahn trains are loco - hauled ( or pushed ) . these are quite comfortable but don’t have the large vestibule area of the current sydney intercity trains . the paris double - deck rers are self - powered and have better loading arrangements but these are more of a urban than an intercity type train and as far as i know don’t come with toilets .

other transport advocates and tourism operators , however , say the buses will never be as popular as trains . another explanation for the drop in patronage is the proliferation of bars and venues in sydney ' s suburbs , meaning fewer people are leaving the cbd late at night .

a railway line between sydney and goulburn was first dreamt up in the 1840s . the aim was to assist inland primary producers to get their fruit , wool and wheat to port . stage one , built by the the sydney tramroad and railway company ( subsequently the sydney railway company ) from 1850 - 1855 , went only as far as parramatta . there were numerous delays in the construction and variations in the scope of the works , including a change of gauge . rising costs meant the government finally bought the railway from the sydney railway company in 1855 .

the most comprehensive source of personal travel data for the sydney greater metropolitan area ( gma ) . find out how and why people travel .

blessed with a wonderful setting on sydney harbour , and a benign climate , sydney is a great tourist ' s city . although not the first point at which europeans landed in australia , it was the first permanent european settlement , and is australia ' s oldest established city .

most people today use the train to get into sydney . it’s quick ( 10 - 12 minutes to central ) but it’s not cheap .

sydney metro northwest is an integrated transport solution from rouse hill through to chatswood . sydney metro northwest will connect directly with the existing epping to chatswood railway to allow the new trains to operate a distance of 36 kilometres between rouse hill and chatswood . while the second harbour crossing is being delivered , extending metro rail from chatswood , customers will need to walk across the platform at chatswood to change to an existing service .

@ mitchblogs – i agree – the government seems to want to have its cake and eat it too . on the one hand it’s saying that the oscars are unsuitable for long distance travel ( and certainly they are less comfortable than a v set ) and are better suited as suburban trains , but on the other it is claimed that baird said at the announcement that “sydney customers will also benefit from this significant investment , as the new trains will stop at many busy sydney interchanges such as central and strathfield” ( smh quote , not necessarily baird’s ) .

nightride buses operate between midnight and 04 : 30 on a 30 - minute frequency on saturday and sunday mornings , and hourly on other nights . sydney trains services operate all other times . bus drivers may set - down passengers at local bus stops on route between designated nightride stops .

and eventually , the nasty question of fares , subsidy and cost recovery is going to arise , particularly when the cramped standing - room - only trains ( and trams ) come into service in the city proper . more and more people are going to start asking , why are they paying 20c / km to stand on crowded trains , while people from morisset are paying more like 4c / km for much nicer trains ?

in 2014 , the extension of the project through the city and out to bankstown was confirmed as stage 2 : sydney metro city & southwest .

the map covers the metropolitan sydney region of the state of new south wales in eastern australia . sydney is australia ' s largest city with a population of almost 4 million , and is the primary port of entry for international visitors . most recently renowned as host city of the 2000 olympic games , sydney is also the business and tourism hub of the nation , and is increasingly a major centre within the asia - pacific region .

the changes include the expected loss of more than 60 ticket sellers , starting at stations in inner sydney that already offer use of opal card .

according to one sydney newspaper report in mid - 1989 , the " red rattlers " still made up a quarter of the seating capacity of its rail system , yet cost twice as much to run as modern trains and travelled about half as fast on a good day - without rain .

" a likely reason for terminating penrith trains at central is to create additional track space into the city via strathfield , " dr day said .

the first trains will begin passenger service late next year on the central coast and newcastle line and the rest of the fleet will progressively follow .

mr mason said the trains would have automatic door settings to ensure people could not exit the carriages when they were not beside a station platform .

for sydney trains , which used to run under the name railcorp prior to the o’farrell government’s ambitious rebranding of the operator , using new technology to finally put an end to the operator’s previously poor reputation for endless delays and cancellations is a major development in its long history as a transport institution .

in countries which have long - distance commuter trains comparable to sydney’s , ( lirr , connecticut to new york , and around london are some that come to mind ) , the fare levels they charge would come as a nasty shock to most of the people at katoomba or wyong or dapto .

new south wales : in 1849 , the sydney railway company started building the first railway track in new south wales between sydney and parramatta—a distance of 22 km . the project ran into financial difficulty and was taken over by the new south wales colonial government . the line opened on 26 september 1855 .

this railway building , otherwise known as mortuary station , was designed for one very creepy purpose — to carry sydney’s dead to their final resting place .

in a radio interview on abc sydney this morning transport minister andrew constance criticised the abc for confusing commuters with a story based on old planning documents .

the new metro line is designed to carry 43 , 000 passengers per hour per direction ( p / h / d ) . no sydney trains line can currently reach 20 , 000 p / h / d . motorways only manage 2000 vehicles per hour per lane – mostly cars with one occupant .

in 1917 , a person wanting to travel from perth to brisbane on an east - west crossing of the continent had to change trains six times .

at the moment we manage the trains and tracks , respond to incidents , communicate with customers and monitor safety from different locations and in different ways .

personally , i think the operating pattern of the nsw trains component of the former cityrail service is the biggest opportunity for increased efficiencies through fleet renewal . the fact is apart from the peak to / from sydney commuter specials , none of the interurban trains ever carry more than 200 people . knights games aside , it’s hugely waseful having a 450 seat ( 4 car h set ) serving these routes when something like an emu endeavour would be perfectly adequate .

curious to know how the commute in sydney compares to cities across the world ? the moovit public transport index shows facts and statistics about public transit usage in over 150 cities . find the average commute and wait time for riders , the distance people travel to get to work with public transit and the average distance people in sydney walk each day . see which train , lightrail , ferry , bus and stations are the most popular in sydney , and more !

the only possibility i can think of is to take the western line out of sector 3 and run all trains using this new format into sydney terminal . the fleet size is about right for that ( assuming they can be split into 4 car units for the contra flow and regional only services ) .

tune in to 2ser breakfast with nic healey on 107 . 3 every wednesday morning at 8 : 20 am to hear more from the dictionary of sydney .

all saints anglican church at ainslie in canberra was originally cemetery station at lidcombe in sydney and was almost identical to mortuary station close to the city’s cbd .

the poor public image of the 1920s - vintage carriages rattling around the sydney rail network was because they were used well beyond their use - by date .

old s - set trains like this one lack air conditioning and are set to be phased out . click to enlarge . ( source : author . )

65 trains is enough to provide a peak 15min frequency service for the entire length of each route , including contra - flow , all day every day .

in countries like france and germany they would be referred to as regional trains ( rer or regionalbahn ) . i have caught regionalbahn trains between aachen and cologne ( a distance of around 70 km ) a few times and these operate in ways not a million miles different to their australian counterparts – double deck trains providing both intercity but mainly outer suburban commuter services , the latter mainly at the cologne end but to some extent into and out of aachen as well .

the state ' s auditor - general recently warned that sydney ' s trains will increasingly struggle to run on time unless " sustained and substantial investment " is made in the existing heavy rail network . rail patronage growth has been outstripping both the government ' s forecasts and the rail system ' s capacity to cope .

also when you consider the cost per train of the waratah delivered , and that it is possible to find something off the shelf for approx 1 / 3rd to 1 / 2 the price , imagine what the money left over could have purchased for improvement to the sydney network , either more trains or improved infrastructure .

@ tandem train rider – the blue mountains trains i catch from the morning to the city and until the late evening peak going home all seem to have well over 200 people on board . going to the city even late morning trains can be standing room only from springwood , though the loading can vary greatly during the journey with lots of people alighting and boarding at penrith and parramatta . some trains are completely packed from emu plains going into the city and vice versa .

but labor ' s transport spokeswoman jodi mckay said : " much of sydney ' s bus fleet is past retirement , trains are overcrowded and prone to cancellation and the bill for some transport and roads infrastructure projects is blowing out by hundreds of millions of dollars and yet this government feels it can splash cash on consultants .

these new trains will also be off the shelf , rather than designed specifically for the sydney rail network . “previously , nsw has developed unique and often costly train fleets from scratch , which has taken as long as seven years from start to delivery” , the transport minister gladys berejiklian said , adding that “we are looking at buying off - the - shelf trains with proven technology and then configuring them to meet our customers’ needs , meaning we can ensure the best value , best possible service and also have these new trains on the tracks faster” . each new train will cost $ 43m , less than the $ 46m each waratah train cost .

" at the moment we manage the trains and tracks , respond to incidents , communicate with customers and monitor their safety from different locations and in different ways .

defending the decision for the carriages to be built in south korea , transport minister andrew constance said more than 200 jobs would be created to maintain the trains .

acknowledgment of country the dictionary of sydney acknowledges the traditional owners of country throughout australia and pays respect to elders both past and present . the story of aboriginal sydney could not be told without recognising their achievements . aboriginal and torres strait islander viewers are advised that this website contains images and voices of people who have died . in some aboriginal communities , seeing the names and photographs of dead people may cause sadness and distress , particularly to relatives of those people . copyright dictionary of sydney , 2016 .

this incompatibility of the state rail systems was brought to a head during world war ii when the war effort required large quantities of goods and personnel to be moved quickly throughout australia . but it was not until june 1995 that trains could travel between brisbane and perth , via sydney , melbourne and adelaide on a standard gauge track .

passengers getting on at merrylands , fairfield and liverpool may see their express trains — that sail right through the inner west at present — now calling at all stations .

he suggested the motivation behind penrith ' s modelled loss of services could be to help the northern line cope with additional demand , created by re - routed trains .

most of the costs for operating trains are fixed ( stations , rail , station staff , trains , etc ) . most of the variable cost is staffing ( drivers and guards ) , as electricity is quite cheap . so if you’re going to run a 2 carriage train , you may as well run an 8 carriage one .


pornography in japan is a large and intertwined business of adult entertainment with unique characteristics that readily distinguish it from western pornography .

reflecting japan 's views on sexuality and culture , japanese pornography delves into a wide spectrum of heterosexual , homosexual , and transgender sexual acts in addition to unique fetishes and paraphilias .

starting with erotic stories and wood block prints from before the 20th century , japanese pornography evolved into distinct subcategories with the media that in addition to pornographic videos and magazines featuring live actors , there are categories of pornographic manga ( within japanese comics ) , pornographic computer games ( for both pc and game consoles ) , and pornographic anime ( animated depictions of sexual activity ) .

by japanese law , any lawfully produced pornography must censor the genitals of actors and actresses and up until the mid-1990s so was the depiction of pubic hair .

anuses are only censored at contact or penetration .

this type of censoring also extends to comics , video games , and anime made for adults .

in the attempts to circumvent this type of censoring ( and to cater to particular fetishes ) , actors and producers have featured subject matter unseen or rarely depicted in western pornography .

bukkake , gokkun , omorashi , and tentacle erotica are a few uniquely japanese genres known to western viewers .

lolicon and its contribution to the controversy regarding the regulation of pornography depicting minors has been a major issue concerning free speech inside and outside japan .

pornography in japan

pornography in japan <EOT> email “child pornography is still widely available in japan , a year after it was criminalised” .

japan is notorious for their lax rules and regulations concerning child pornography in western media . however , there are laws which prohibit child pornography in japan . the following information comes from urltoken :

feedback on “child pornography is still widely available in japan , a year after it was criminalised” .

in australia , karaoke is popular in bars in front of strangers . in japan , it is in private boxes .

4 ripley et al . , “sexually explicit japan manga evades new laws on child pornography . ”

newsweek also referred to the hrn report on child pornographic material in an article on the record high distribution of child pornography in japan in 2016 . newsweek [ 17 / 03 / 10 ] : japan : child abuse and child pornography cases hit record highs in 2016

inaccurate headline . this article is about a tokyo ordinance , not about japan ' s pornography laws .

meanwhile , production of child pornography through the use of spy cameras became a punishable offense in 2014 . possession of child pornography was criminalized in 2015 .

made - in - japan child pornography is available internationally on the internet , says tyler , adding that " on - line , most of the discussion on where to obtain child pornography magazines and videos focuses on japan . "

jones , g . ( 2003 ) . “ladies’ comics” : japan’s not - so - underground market in pornography for women .

japan on wednesday finally fell into line with other developed countries and made the possession of child pornography illegal .

made - in - japan child pornography is available internationally on the internet , says tyler , adding that " on - line , most of the discussion on where to obtain child pornography [ magazines and videos ] focuses on japan . "

for more on japan , check out 6 japanese subcultures that are insane ( even for japan ) and 9 beloved characters made horrifying by japan .

japan is the last oecd nation to criminalize possession of child pornography , although it outlawed production and distribution in 1999 , and has long been considered a safe haven for those buying child pornography .

japan is the last oecd nation to criminalise possession of child pornography , although it outlawed production and distribution in 1999 , and has long been considered a safe haven for those buying child pornography .

japan passes new law , which carries a maximum jail term of one year , criminalising possession of child pornography .

japan has passed a bill outlawing child pornography , but as cnn ' s will ripley reports there are loopholes .

japan has banned the possession of child pornography , with some notable exceptions : manga , animation and computer graphics .

jc 2009 : japan customs and tariff bureau , trends in illicit drugs and firearms smuggling in japan ( 2009 edition ) . ministry of finance .

in 2012 , she published a paper discussing child pornography in japan , which has come under international pressure to tighten its laws on the depiction of underage sex .

i want to end with a caveat about pornography in general . i am not condemning pornography nor suggesting that people not view it . there are certainly those who will view and use pornography that will never engage in deviant or violent behavior . what percentage of pornography users never experience negative impact from viewing pornography is difficult to estimate . this article focused on how pornography may inspire more deviant thinking and behavior especially for the physically aggressive offender and sexual offender .

check [ 21 ] found that both sexually violent pornography and non - violent dehumanizing pornography have antisocial effects on the viewer . repeated exposure to either sexually violent pornography or non - violent dehumanizing pornography increased men’s self - reported proclivity for rape and forced sex acts [ 21 ] .

pornography involving younger children in japan seems to be a practice imported from the west and one that did not gain widespread popularity until the early 1980s .

the japanese produce more pornography than any other nation in the world . why ? eszter gafalvi takes us through the intricate maze of japan’s elaborate sexuality .

crimes related to child sexual abuse have reportedly been on the rise in japan .

the forced appearance in pornography occurs under schemes where the young women are recruited and enter into contracts with various agencies . they are then dispatched to pornography companies as actresses .

having a pornography collection implies at least some degree of preoccupation with pornography as well as an investment in the collection . anecdotally , this author has found that the majority of cases of sexual offenders and physical abusers regularly used some form of pornography .

japan’s inaction prompted criticism from overseas , with urltoken describing the country as “an international hub for the production and trafficking of child pornography” .

on september 5 , 2016 human rights now ( hrn ) released an investigative report on the status and challenge of ending child pornography in japan . the investigations revealed that child pornography material was sold openly in tokyo and online . however there is a lack of proper enforcement in the recent anti - child pornography law as well as competing definitions of what constitutes child pornography . hrn advocates for a zero tolerance policy on that issue .

so japan ' s child pornography industry - the world ' s largest - finds its subjects in southeast asia and other parts of the world . at home the industry profits from the absence of any law that specifically addresses child pornography .

there is also a thriving genre [ citation needed ] of underground pornography in japan ( called urabon ) [ citation . . . ( truncated at 1500 characters )

pornography that is widely available in japan , such as at junior i . . . . . . e audience , but is much less popular than yaoi .

facing growing scrutiny , the child pornography industry established some new ground rules . producers and publishers stopped selling child pornography that explicitly displayed genitals or sexual activity .

those figures do not make japan ' s the highest suicide rate in the world in a developed nation .

the arrests come as japan tries to clean up its image ahead of the 2020 tokyo olympics . in 2014 , responding to criticism that it was lax in protecting minors from sexual exploitation , japan revised the law to ban possession of child pornography .

campaigners had long urged japan to toughen its stance on child pornography , complaining it was a major source of the material for global markets .

japan has a large pornography industry , and visitors to the country note the ubiquity of sexual imagery and the huge volume of material available .

last year , the u . s . state department labeled japan the " international hub " for the production and trafficking of child pornography .

last year in japan , more than 25 , 000 people took their own lives .

so the men in japan are that sex crazed . . . for little girls ?

" negotiating " cool japan " in research and teaching " by mark j . mclelland

japan in 2014 joined other major developed nations and criminalised the possession of child pornography following calls by campaigners who complained it was a major international source of such material .

there is a huge amount of pornography available in japan , much of which depicts violence and degradation against females ; rape - themed videos account for about 20 % of the pornography at chain video - rental stores ( associated press , 2003 ) . rape - centred pornography is also widely available in manga ( cartoon ) form . pornography is considered so normal that men will often read violent manga pornography , or men’s weekly magazines with high pornographic content , openly on the train , even when sitting next to female passengers .

as i have stated on numerous occasions , when men masturbate to pornography , they reinforce the negative aspects being portrayed in the pornography . for example , that the expressions on the faces of the women in pictures and videos often are clearly negative , that is , the women appear fearful , crying , pleading to be freed , etc [ 38 ] . in addition , the sexual positions and the stories portrayed in the pornography reinforce dangerous and misogynous views of women , views that support and encourage sexual violence and domestic abuse . these men become more prone to act - out with their sexual partners what they see and read about in pornography . pornography use may even become part of the couple’s sexual behavior , using the pornography as a precursor to being sexual with each other . granted , not all users of pornography will become violent or engage in sexually abusive or assaultive behavior . however , domestic batterers and sexual offenders tend to spend significant amounts of time viewing pornography , collecting pornography , and becoming preoccupied with pornography . the vast majority of sexual offenders and domestic batterers i have forensically assessed have had pornography collections and admitted to viewing pornography hours per week . to summarize , although the use of pornography in general may not encourage or result in harm to anyone , violent offenders and sexual offenders consistently spend more time viewing and make a significant investment in pornography .

in 2004 , when japan revised the law against child prostitution and pornography , it was asked if the portrayal of fictional children should be included in the ban . this provoked a fierce debate about sexual expression in manga .

in a complaint common to advocates in other countries , activists in japan say there is too little recognition of children ' s human rights .

japan’s multibillion - dollar pornography industry suffered a shock last month after police arrested three men connected with one of the country’s top talent agencies , in a rare crackdown on illegal practices in the business .

although producing and distributing child pornography is illegal in japan , its possession is not criminalised , and images of " non - existent " underage characters in manga , anime and video games are legal .

under japan ' s current child pornography laws , images that use real models under the age of including drawings , can be classified as child pornogra .

this japanese film was heavily criticised for its depiction of ww2 and attracted protests in japan .

banned in australia , unreleased in the uk . attracted controversy in every country it was released in .

overseas application ok ! teach english in a professional environment in the major cities of japan . click to apply now .

pornography , ( 1970 ) . report of the u . s . commission on obscenity and pornography ( technical report ) : u . s . commission on obscenity and pornography . washington , d . c . : u . s . government printing office .

the islands of japan lie across the sea from korea , and , further west , china . both korea and china have played huge roles in japan’s history .

child pornography , which initially appeared in art books , became a " big hit , " says the editor .

this week , it was announced that japan finally outlawed child pornography . the ban does not cover 2d sexualized representations of children in manga and video games . cnn international wonders why .

check jvp , guloien th ( 1989 ) reported proclivity for coercive sex following exposure to sexually violent pornography , nonviolent dehumanizing pornography , and erotica . in d . zillman and j . bryant ( eds . ) , pornography : research advances and policy considerations . hillsdale , nj : erlbaum .

yourtango - " in japan , anti - censorship laws make a ban . . . | facebook

religiosity and pornography use are often closely connected . relatively few studies , however , have examined how this religion - pornography connection plays out within the context of committed romantic relationships . moreover , virtually all studies of religion and pornography use conceptualize religiosity as a quality intrinsic to the person that typically reduces pornography viewing . focusing . . . [ show full abstract ]

child protection campaigners are welcoming a new law passed by mps in japan , which criminalises the possession of child pornography . japan has long been considered a safe haven for the sex industry . but the japanese crackdown doesn ' t include popular comics and animations .

japan on wednesday finally fell into line with other major developed countries and made the possession of child pornography illegal , but the sometimes graphic images of paedophilia in manga comic books remain legal .

japanese nationals in possession of child pornography have one year to discard of the material before finding themselves liable for prosecution .

in a story about paedophilia in japan , the bbc quotes kazuko ito on the issue of “chaku ero” ( “erotically clothes” ) material that does not involve nudity , “chaku ero is child pornography . that’s the reality . ” she directly refutes the argument that this type of video do not fall in the definition of child pornography . bbc three [ 2017 ] : is japan turning a blind eye to paedophilia ?

concerned over libellous flaming and the ease with which children can access pornography online , japan ' s communications ministry is suggesting the government starts regulating the internet by 2010 .

as with all behavior , sexual aggression is caused by a confluence of factors and many pornography consumers are not sexually aggressive . however , the accumulated data leave little doubt that , on the average , individuals who consume pornography more frequently are more likely to hold attitudes conducive to sexual aggression and engage in actual acts of sexual aggression than individuals who do not consume pornography or who consume pornography less frequently .

japan is known as an “international hub for the production and trafficking of child pornography , ” according to the 2013 u . s . department of state’s human - rights report . in 2012 , the police reported investigations involving 1 , 264 child victims featured in pornography — a 98 % increase from the previous year .

" there are not many ways to express anger or frustration in japan , " says mr nishida .

“there is no such thing as manga and anime child pornography , ” he said . “child pornography entails the involvement of children , and we must confront it for that reason . [ de boer - buquicchio ] meant sexualised depictions of childish looking characters in manga and anime . many male and female artists in japan draw characters in an art style that looks childish to western eyes . therefore it is a rejection of an art style popular in japan . ”

the problem that exists here are serious . as the offenders increase their use of pornography , and increase the amount of time masturbating to the pornography and they are likely to develop unrealistic expectations of what their sexual partners should be willing to engage in , and without discussion or exception . the use of pornography creates a wonderful fantasy based set of sexual and power expectations . in addition , the more frequently the offender uses pornography , the more likely the offender begins to experience difficulties in relating to others . the pornography may become preferred and may begin to replace real people in the offender’s life .

rapp ' s thesis is called : " speech we hate : an argument for the cessation of international pressure on japan to strengthen its anti - child pornography laws . "

the team then presented participants with the evidence of the discrepancy between reported and actual pornography use .

now more than ever , we must address the impact pornography has on sexual violence against women .

child pornography prevention act , 18 u . s . c . § 2256 ( 1996a ) .

child pornography prevention act , 18 u . s . c . § 2252a ( 1996b ) .

abramson , p . r . , & hayashi , h . ( 1984 ) . " pornography in japan : cross cultural and theoretical considerations " . in m . n . malamuth & e . donnerstein ( eds . ) , pornography and sexual aggression ( pp . 173 - 183 ) . new york : academic press .

one thing that has been misrepresented is the age of consent in japan . while japan does officially set their age of consent to 13 , most prefectures have raised the limits themselves .

byrne d , kelley k ( 1984 ) pornography and sex research . in n malamuth and e donnerstein ( eds . ) . pornography and sexual aggression ( pp . 1 - 10 ) . new york : academic press .

it is difficult to talk about pornography without infusing the conversation with personal opinion and conjecture . even the way researchers view and interpret the data can be influenced by their own biases and agendas . most people who view pornography are not sexual predators ; most sexual predators would be sexual predators , regardless of whether or not they viewed pornography . statistically speaking , pornography does not lead to sexual assault .

if a 15 - 17 - year - old teenager in america travels to japan and ends up having an affair with an 18 - 30 - year - old citizen in japan , what would happ . . .

zillmann d , bryant j ( 1984 ) effects of massive exposure to pornography . in n malamuth and e donnerstein ( eds . ) pornography and sexual aggression ( pp . 114 - 137 ) . new york : academic press .

the purpose of this paper is to discuss various issues regarding pornography on the internet in japan . internet pornography , in japan , is considered as being an obscene image on the internet . we will begin by focussing on the legal definition and aspects of obscenity in japan . then we will briefly describe the first internet cyber - porn case in japanese legal history . finally , we will discuss the current on going legal debate that deals with dissemination of obscene material over the internet . this debate has arisen in many countries . this paper aims to contribute to this on - going discussion .

dussich , j . , y . fujiwara and a . sagisawa ( 1994 ) , ‘decisions not to report sexual assault in japan’ , in

black men are seen as sex objects in japan . there was even a phenomenon in the early 1990s about " yellow cabs " which capitalized

kutchinsky , b . ( 1991 ) . " pornography and rape : theory and practice ? evidence from crime data in four countries where pornography is easily available " . international journal of law and psychiatry , 14 , 47 - 64 .

japan ' s adult sex industry has long been accused of human rights abuses .

to deal with an aging population , japan is allowing some brazilians of japanese descent to migrate to japan . these people are classed as brazilians , not japanese .

51 ‘yakuza eye cleanup profits’ , the japan times , june 15 , 2011 .

financial anxiety and insecurity are compounded by japan ' s culture of not complaining .

check jvp ( 1993 ) the effects of violent pornography , nonviolent dehumanizing pornography , and erotica : some legal implications from a canadian perspective . in c . itzen ( ed . ) . pornography , women , violence , and civil liberties : a radical view , ( pp . 350 - 358 ) . new york : oxford university press .

this is understandable in that people are more likely to view pornography that is of interest to them versus pornography that they have less arousal or interest in . engaging in child pornography related offenses appears to justify the diagnosis of pedophilia even without having actually engaged in a sexual contact offense against a child . child pornography related offenses may include taking or possessing sexually explicit photos or videos of children or possession of or viewing of photos / videos of children engaged in sexual acts . for the diagnosis of pedophilia , dsm - iv ( apa , 2000 ) criteria met would involve :

citation : johnson sa ( 2014 ) pornography and the violent offender : importance of finding the offender’s pornography stash . j forensic res 5 : 229 . doi : 10 . 4172 / 2157 - 7145 . 1000229

donnerstein e ( 1984 ) pornography : its effect on violence against women . in n . malamuth and e . donnerstein ( eds . ) . pornography and sexual aggression ( pp . 53 - 80 ) . new york : academic press .

thus , censorship continues in the visual depiction of sex . uncensored movies exist in japan , but are made for export — or produced illegally .

tokyo , japan , – they stare wide - eyed from the pages of magazines , childlike in stature but engaged in extremely explicit sexual activities .

a recent un report weighed into a debate that provokes intense controversy in japan , by including manga in a list of content with violent pornography . the bbc ' s yuko kato went to meet one of japan ' s leading female manga artists , keiko takemiya , seen as the woman who opened the floodgates to sexually explicit manga .

" the japanese child pornography market is presently the largest in the world , says sgt . r . p . tyler of the san bernardino county , calif . , sheriff ' s department . sergeant tyler , who specializes in tracking the distribution of child pornography , says the amount of such material for sale in japan now exceeds the quantities produced by european pornographers during their peak years in the 1970s and early 1980s .

perhaps this attitude stems from the fact that japan has been and is still an international centre for the production and distribution of child pornography , according to a 2013 us state department report .

ripley , will , hilary whiteman , and edmund henry . sexually explicit japan manga evades new laws on child pornography . cnn ( june 2014 ) . accessed july 20 , 2014 . urltoken

sexual offenders also create their own pornography and i have found that some sexual offenders modify the pornography they posses , cut - and - pasting additional photos to their magazines , and several who included pictures of their victim ( s ) in their collection as well as one who videotaped a rape onto a commercial bought pornography tape ( taping over what was originally on the tape ) . the information lost from not reviewing the offender’s pornography collection can be significant .

the law should be revised to include tougher penalties for existing provisions and address child pornography , tsuda says .

rapp also claimed there was only " sketchy correlations between child pornography and the actual abuse of children " .

walton , m . ( 2005a ) . possession of child pornography . retrieved july 15 , 2005 , from

when investigating violent offenses including domestic abuse and sexual offenses , it is important to search for and seize the offender’s pornography stash . pornography use has been correlated with both physical and sexual violence and even with general criminality . the pornography represents the offender’s preferred sexual preference and violent fantasies , which in turn strongly relate to the offender’s violent behavior . although the pornography does not cause the offender to act out , it contributes to the offender’s fantasy which in turn relates to the offender’s choice of behavior .

the devices feature a bunch of switches and nobs to zoom in on the pixelated area . the machines proudly read , " made in japan " .

however , this isn’t the first time nor will it be the last time that young characters are sexualized in japan .

" the insurance system in japan is very lax when it comes to paying out for suicide , " he says .

" when you try to define child pornography , it should be discussed in the context of freedom of speech , " says shinichiro takagi , an official of japan ' s national police agency . but even one of the pornography industry executives interviewed says that the authorities are now " too generous " because of their war - era excesses .

the us laws on child pornography are much more expansive when compared to japanese laws . japan has been labeled a child pornography hub according to the u . s . state department partly due to its’ lax laws . in 2014 , japan passed an update to it’s child pornography law , but excluded computer graphics , comics , and anime , some people in those industries claim its’ a free speech issue , and banning those images will not actually protect children . this is a very controversial subject . does pornographic media have an effect on a persons sexual health and or preferences ? there is some researcher who suggests that pornography does affect sexual tastes in men . if there is an effect , and if that effect extends to computer graphics , comics and anime , then all types of media depicting child pornography should be banned .

genital and pubic hair censorship is infamous in japan due to pornography on the web . the law was enacted in the early 1900s and has never been changed . japan initially enacted this laws to mirror western laws at the time , and to ensure public health . for more information on this topic , i highly recommend reading james r . alexander’s essay on censorship in japanese cinema .

the exact amount of pornography available now or at any time in the past , is , difficult to determine . unlike sex crime statistics , such data are not accurately amassed by any government or private agency in japan . many , if not most , of the manufacturers or distributors of pornography are legitimate companies whose production figures are kept confidential as commercially proprietorial . additional illegal manufacturers of pornography have products which are available but whose production figures are not . in japan , however , it is safe to say that whatever definitions of sem and pornography are used , there are more such materials publicly available now than there were in the 1970s and 1980s . indications are that the amount and types of such items have been increasing over time as measured in numbers of units produced or in yen value . where available , actual figures for the amounts and types of pornography or sexually explicit materials are given below . in other cases qualitative measures or descriptions are offered .

another aspect that is different is access to pornography . in america , it is not uncommon to see playboy magazines hidden by some sort of slip - cover . however , this is not the case in japan . in japan , it is common to have pornographic magazines out in the open in convenience stores . furthermore , some people read these magazines in the store . when i studied in japan during high school , one of my friends would always try to get me to read porn with him in the local 7 - 11 . not sure if that’s actually common , or it was something that my friend just liked doing .

history also helps explain why there is no specific regulation of child pornography . the militaristic rule of pre - world war ii japan included strong controls on expression , so much so that freedom of speech is now one of the most widely respected elements of japan ' s postwar constitution .

― tony asked : one of my favorite anime in the early 90 ' s , dragon quest : the adventure of dai , in japan got a vhs release , but never got a single dvd release . it aired in japan in october 1991 , and got all 46 episodes released on . . .

japan ' s parliament voted on wednesday to outlaw possession of child pornography after years of international calls for a crackdown , but avoided a clampdown on sexually explicit manga comics and animation depicting young children .

japan ' s cg child ' pornography ' defendant sentenced to fine after appeal earlier sentence also included prison time the tokyo high court met on tuesday for the appeal trial of designer akashi takahashi who .

the person has acted out on these sexual urges ( e . g . , “acted out” includes : has viewed the child pornography , probably has masturbated to the child pornography , has collected the child pornography ) ; the sexual urges or fantasies have caused marked distress or interpersonal difficulty ( the child pornography user likely has anxiety about getting caught , has to keep their material secret , and likely experiences difficulty engaging in age - appropriate activities , may experience shame or depression about their sexual arousal to children and use of child pornography ) . and the person is of course over age 18 .

the upper house of parliament overwhelmingly voted in favour of a bill revising laws under which only the production and distribution of child pornography were banned .

• fan appropriations of and contributions to manga culture in japan and beyond • commonalities and differences in fandom - based creation and criticism between japan and other countries • ethical and legal challenges in the production and consumption of manga ( copyright , representations of violent and sexual content , potential fictional “child abuse” images etc . ) • institutional support for or criticism of manga culture • the use of manga in japan studies and japan language pedagogy • the future of “manga studies” – theory and methods

a 2011 study published in sexual addiction & compulsivity analyzed the effects of pornography use on sexual attitudes and behaviors of fraternity college men . it found that 83 % of those who used “mainstream” pornography expressed greater intent to commit rape , should they be assured they wouldn’t get caught . additionally , men who used sadomasochistic - and rape - themed pornography were significantly more likely to report belief in rape myths .

christensen , f . m . ( 1990 ) . pornography : the other side . new york : praeger .

it makes sense that pornography depicting rape sends harmful messages about the importance of consent . xhamster clearly decided to “get out” of this deplorable , and highly popular , genre of pornography before public scrutiny could be turned on it .

" in japan , if you are under 18 you cannot see pornographic movies or rent pornographic videotapes , " notes ms . noda , the lawmaker . " one of my questions is , why can you be used in pornography if you ' re under 18 ? "

@ overlordarhas : you realise that reporting sexual assault in japan is much more difficult than in north america , right ? the shame is on the victim .

but things are starting to change in japan , thanks to a few enterprising “adult - oriented” companies who are targeting females .

yeah except that it ' s not a law , it ' s a rule . plenty of uncensored porn in japan .

in june 2014 , japan ' s parliament voted to ban the possession of real images of child sexual abuse . production and distribution of these images had been illegal since 1999 , but japan was the last country in the oecd to outlaw possession .

dore , r . p . ( 1958 ) . city life in japan . los angeles : university of california press .

“that was the beginning of the two parallel tracks in my life : television and japan , ” mr . spector said .

in japan , a definite upswing in concern regarding pornography occurred at the beginning of the present decade . conservative groups and the media began to call for government action to stem the rising tide of pornography they saw occurring . for instance the citizens of wakayama prefecture loudly called for the control of sexually explicit manga [ comic books ] directed at children ( mainichi - shinbun , 1990 ) .

the results follow a recent series of revelations by young women who came forward with stories of being coerced into making adult videos against their will . japan has drawn international criticism for its tolerance of pornography .

the researchers also asked participants what traits they believe are linked with pornography use . this time , 252 people participated in the survey . the more religious participants said moral values , race and financial status were more related to pornography use than religiosity . they also expressed

penrod s and linz d ( 1984 ) using psychological research on violent pornography to inform legal change . in n malamuth and e donnerstein ( eds . ) . pornography and sexual aggression ( pp . 246 - 273 ) . new york : academic - press .

the beach is to australia what the hot spring is to japan . karaoke is popular in australia but it tends to be in pubs in front of strangers instead of private boxes with friends .

the japan cartoonists association , as well as the japan magazine publishers association and the japan book publishers association , have all posted statements of opposition to the bill containing a proposed new amendment to the country ' s current child pornography laws . japan ' s ruling party , the liberal democratic party ( ldp ) , along with co - sponsors new komeito party and the japan restoration party , submitted the amendment to the lower house of the national diet of japan on wednesday . the parties look to make possession of child pornography a crime . the amendment would make possession of sexual images of individuals under 18 illegal , with a fine of 1 million yen ( about us $ 10 , 437 ) and less than a year in jail if the subject is found to have the images for " the purpose of satisfying sexual curiosity . " the bill would also provide for greater measures to prevent child pornography from being transmitted online .

in sum , the concern that countries allowing pornography would show increased sex crime rates due to modeling or that adolescents in particular would be negatively vulnerable to and receptive to such models or the society would be otherwise adversely effected has not been vindicated . it is certainly clear from our data and analysis that a massive increase in available pornography in japan has been correlated with a dramatic decrease in sexual crimes and most so among youngsters as perpetrators or victims . we have mentioned some possible influential factors .

these rules makes the de - facto age of consent of japan at least 18 and can be interpretted as 20 in cases . this makes japan have the highest age of consent in the developed world along with turkey and several states in the united states such as california and florida .

pornography makes women “rape - ready” in the mind of its users by portraying the conquering and using of female bodies as the ideal display of masculinity .

“by outlawing the possession of child pornography with the intent to satisfy sexual interest , we make it harder for people to trade in such material . ”

several aspects of japan ' s culture and history help explain the existence of the country ' s child pornography industry . japan largely lacks religious notions of sex as immoral , says daisaburo hashizume , a sociologist at the tokyo institute of technology , and the result is a " free attitude " about physical pleasure . pornography involving adults is widely available ; even serious - minded weekly magazines include displays of naked women .

nicholas groth , a specialist in the treatment of sex offenders , has written " rape is sometimes attributed to the increasing availability of pornography and sexual explicitness in the public media . although a rapist , like anyone else , might find some pornography stimulating , it is not sexual arousal but the arousal of anger or fear that leads to rape . pornography does not cause rape ; banning it will not stop rape . in fact , some studies have shown that rapists are generally exposed to less pornography than normal males ( groth , 1979 , pp . 9 ) . "

kitashiba 2003 : kitashiba ken , nippon higoho chitai ( japan’s illegal zone ) . fusosha .

association . rating of adult video games has not . . . . . . e japan

kutchinsky , b . ( 1985a ) . " experiences with pornography and prostitution in denmark " ( revision of chap v in j . kiedrowski and j . m . van dikj : pornography and prostitution in denmark , france , west germany , the netherlands and sweden . stencilserie nr . 30 ) : kriminalistisk instituts stencilserie . 20 pages .

as pornography use continues to increase in the united states , studies have sought to understand its potential influence on marital relationships . yet , the primary focus of such studies has been pornography ' s association with marital quality , not stability . consequently , we still know relatively little about whether pornography consumption at one time predicts marital disruption later on . . . . [ show full abstract ]

male and female sexualities are socially constructed as different in many countries of the world . however , in japan there are specific conditions – particularly the prevalent sex industry and the widespread availability of violent pornography – which have an important impact on the understanding of male and female sexuality .

in addition , massive exposure to pornography significantly increased men’s sexual callousness toward women . some findings provided by hazelwood ( 1998 ) suggest that : 1 ) 61 % of serial killers ( not necessarily sexual murders ) used and / or had pornography collections ; and 2 ) at least 90 % of pedophiles used and / or had pornography collections . regular pornography users very likely experience frustration and are more likely to be unaccepting of a partner refusing their sexual demands [ 9 ] . both violent and nonviolent pornographic material appear to strengthen the relationship between sexually aggressive attitudes and behavior in men , although the relationship is strongest for violent pornography [ 33 , 35 ] .

don ' t think that everyone in japan hates the pixels as some enjoy them , saying they leave more to the imagination . and don ' t think japan is a country of prudes . it ain ' t .

those who produce child pornography can be imprisoned for up to three years or fined as much as three million yen .

news corp australia sighted hundreds of hardcore pornography videos and images on the seemingly innocent # nsfw hashtag during its investigation .

human rights now released a report , based on their investigation into the unconsented filming of pornography on 3 march 2016 .

it ' s also the latest export market to be dominated by japan . the country lags far behind the u . s . in the hottest industry of the 1990s , electronic commerce . japan has just two of the world ' s top 100 information - technology companies , according to a business week survey , compared with 57 from the u . s . in one area of dubious distinction , however , " urltoken " competes with the best : child pornography . according to estimates from interpol , as much as 80 % of the child porn available on commercial sites worldwide originates in japan . a police study found more than 3 , 000 websites based in japan distributing pornography , 40 % of them featuring children . " policing porn on the internet is difficult anywhere , " says ralf mutschke , assistant director of interpol ' s criminal division . " but most of the world at least has laws that prohibit child pornography . " japan doesn ' t .

it ' s a description which supporters of manga strongly reject . but as the olympics approach , outside eyes will turn to japan , exerting a powerful pressure for manga and anime to be part of what people see as " cool japan " rather than " weird japan " .

this sexualisation of schoolgirls extends to themed bars in red - light districts and exploitative " jk cafes " ( jk stands for joshi kosei or high school girl ) where adult men pay to chat to teenage girls , have their fortunes told or have their ears cleaned . manga pornography depicting schoolgirls is also widely and openly available . it was only in 2014 that japan criminalised the possession of child pornography .

this sexualisation of schoolgirls extends to themed bars in red - light districts and exploitative " jk cafés " ( jk stands for joshi kosei or high school girl ) where adult men pay to chat to teenage girls , have their fortunes told or have their ears cleaned . manga pornography depicting schoolgirls is also widely and openly available . it was only in 2014 that japan criminalised the possession of child pornography .

dark side of the rising sun is a monthly column that takes a behind - the - scenes look at news in japan .

at the same time , the number of cleared child pornography crime cases rose to 1 , 596 , the highest ever recorded , the paper said . most — 85 % — were internet - related . the figures inspired the u . s . state department to label japan as an “international hub” for producing and trafficking child pornography .

" by outlawing the possession of child pornography with the intent to satisfy sexual interest , we make it harder for people to trade in such material . "

howitt , d . , & cumberbatch , g . ( 1990 ) . pornography : impacts and influences . a review of available research evidence on the effects of pornography . london : commissioned by the british home office research and planning unit .

this string of worldwide incidents surrounding manga , and the uproar in western media about japan’s “refusal” to criminalize “virtual child pornography” , shines a light on how little attention most countries outside japan have paid to the question of whether it makes sense to extend anti - child pornography laws to depictions of entirely fictional children . some countries , like australia and canada , do extend their definitions of “child pornography” to media that contain absolutely no real children , only fictional characters . in the us , this cannot be prosecuted as child pornography , but it can be prosecuted under general obscenity laws if it meets the standard for obscenity ( as judged by community standards , patently offensive sexually explicit depictions that lack literary , artistic , political , or scientific value ) .

the number of victims of child pornography rose to a record 781 in the first half of last year , compared with 384 in the same period the previous year , according to police data .

donnerstein , e . ( 1984 ) . " pornography : its effect on violence against women " . in n . m . malamuth & e . donnerstein ( eds . ) , pornography and sexual aggression ( pp . 53 - 81 ) . new york : academic press .

in the very same statement from the national resource center on domestic violence , the researchers state emphatically , “’does pornography cause rape ? ’ ― the answer is clearly no . ” the website points out that men who commit rape and men who don’t commit rape both view pornography .

interestingly , scholarly works continued to be produced in chinese right up to the end of the tokugawa period . just as latin was the language of learning in medieval europe , so latin was in japan .

child abuse in japan is on the rise , however , this may be reflective of a better understanding of what child abuse is , access to better information , and a more proactive in determining what child abuse is . japan doesn’t have statistics pre 1990 , and

but in may 1987 police arrested a publisher and photographer , saying the child pornography they were producing violated japan ' s obscenity laws . in 1988 and 1989 , a printing plant employee named tsutomu miyazaki killed four girls aged between 4 and 7 , crimes that combined violence with sexual abuse .

when i mentioned the role pornography plays in fostering sexual violence to notable attendees at the white house summit , i could see the flashes of understanding and recognition in their eyes . several of the advocates commented to me that the link between pornography and sexual violence makes common sense . yet , nobody is considering this connection in attempts to curb sexual violence .

testing japan’s sold - online love potion : mr . sato makes his coworkers drink the romantic mixture

this article deals with japan’s civilization – its religion , literature , art and so on . it provides only a brief historical outline . for a more detailed history of japan , go to the series of maps which trace the story of japan from ancient times through to the 21st century .

simon scott is a tokyo - based freelance journalist and japan correspondent for the new zealand herald .

under japan’s law , anyone who “possesses child pornography for the purpose of satisfying his / her sexual interest” faces imprisonment of up to one year or a fine of up to one million yen ( €8 , 667 ) .

previous research suggests that pornography use , under certain circumstances , may negatively influence the quality of romantic relationships . yet we still know relatively little about whether watching pornography is associated with the stability of romantic relationships later on . this study examined whether americans who use pornography , either at all or more frequently , are more prone to . . . [ show full abstract ]

canada . ( 1985 ) . report of the special select committee on pornography and prostitution : ottawa ; supply and services .

bloomberg notes that the legislation ' s passage makes russia the biggest industrialized nation without laws banning the possession of child pornography .

perhaps the most interesting thing about japanese pornography for me ( in a completely sociological sense of course ! ! ! ) is that the stuff which is fairly mainstream to us westerners ( for example lesbian pornography ) is considered fetish here . it needs a re - shuffle for sure .

australians are usually quick to denounce anyone exploiting loopholes or problems in societies . ( dealing with pornography is perhaps an exception . technically , pornography is illegal in every australian state . even so , the porn industry thrives due to a mail - order business operating out of the australian capital territory and the northern territory . )

because both boys and girls are seeing it and learning that in japan the purpose of women is to be sex toys for men .

anonymous . ( 1991a , 31 march ) . racy comics a labeled lot now in japan . sunday honolulu star bulletin and advertiser .

french kissing can be censored in japan . it is censored on public t . v . major spoilers below for densha otoko below .

the fastest growing suicide demographic is young men . it is now the single biggest killer of men in japan aged 20 - 44 .

most significantly , despite the wide increase in availability of pornography to children , not only was there a decrease in sex crimes with juveniles as victims but the number of juvenile offenders also decreased significantly .

however , i believe that the japanese government also understands that such genres are socially acceptable in japan , thus there is no such ban in the anime and manga industry .

in november , a court in tokyo became the first in japan to issue a temporary injunction ordering google to delete search results relating to the arrest of a dentist who had been arrested for illegal dental practices .

naomi campbell wows in flamboyant feathered gown . . . while ashley graham sizzles in plunging lace dress as they walk in dolce & gabbana show in italy

government officials , adds junko miyamoto , a tokyo - based staff member of the japan women ' s christian temperance union , " don ' t have the viewpoint of seeing child pornography as the sexual abuse of children . "

as mentioned above , japan has adopted a strict standard for obscene material . although freedom of expression is guaranteed by constitutional law and the fact that censoring publications is prohibited , control over pornography has been enforced to this very .

tokyo — david spector is a relative unknown in his native chicago , but here in japan he is a household name . with his bleach - blond hair , and ability to deliver one - liners in flawless japanese , mr . spector has been a fixture in this nation’s often raucous talk - show world for three decades , making him perhaps the most recognizable american living in japan .

an additional measure of erotica available in japan is that reported by greenfeld ( 1994 ) . in 1994 he wrote that approximately 14 , 000 " adult " videos were being made yearly in japan compared with some 2500 in the u . s . and the average japanese watched nearly an hour more of tv a day than did americans . sex crimes

pre - modern japan was traditionally less patriarchal , according to emiko ochiai , a sociologist and historian at kyoto university . " in the ancient period , japan had female kings , but it became rare in the later period . in the medieval period , there were female warriors or generals , " ochiai says .

this present study concentrates on the offenses of rape , sexual assault and public indecency in japan and analyzes how their occurrence correlates with the increasing availability of pornography . for comparison and as " control " measures we also look at the incidence of murder and nonsexual violent crimes for the same period . we particularly attend to any influence the introduction of widely available pornography might have had on juveniles .