patterns of evidence : exodus is a 2014 documentary film directed by tim mahoney .

the film presents the theory that the biblical story of the exodus of the hebrew slaves from egypt really happened during the middle kingdom of egypt .

it was released in theaters by thinking man film on january 19 , 2015 .

patterns of evidence

patterns of evidence <EOT> patterns of evidence : the exodus and millions of other books are available for amazon kindle . learn more

the official trailer for patterns of evidence : the exodus . purchase the film now . click on the shop tab above .

on monday evening i went to see the much anticipated documentary film , patterns of evidence : exodus by filmmaker tim mahoney and thinking man films .

but perhaps that was mahoney’s point . we do have evidence for the historical exodus , but there is not a consensus among conservative scholars on the exact nature of that evidence and which evidence is most reliable for defending a historical exodus . christians should consider the evidence for themselves and decide .

there was some great archeological evidence that was presented . much of it was amazing !

filmmaker tim mahoney calls into question hundreds of years of archeological discoveries that suggest there is no evidence of the biblical exodus . the film , patterns of evidence : exodus , was screened in select theaters across the u . s . via fathom events followed by a q & a with an all - star panel .

near the end of the film , mahoney made a statement along the lines of “scholars disagree about the dating and the evidence for the biblical exodus , but we do have evidence for it . ”

there is much evidence that the egypt time lines needs correction . if such corrections are made according to the evidence from new discoveries in archaeological digs in egypt . . .

patterns of evidence : exodus is a movie starring charles aling , manfred bietak , and john bimson . what is the validity of history found in the bible ? is it fact or fiction ? what does the hard evidence really have to say about the foundational story of the old testament : the exodus out . . . see full summary »

last night i viewed patterns of evidence : exodus . it’s a well done film that goes carefully through the biblical account and shows the archaeological evidence for the exodus . interviews show archaeological and biblical experts on all sides of the issue concerning this critical historical and spiritual event , as told in the book of exodus . i think the evidence presented by filmmaker tim mahoney is fair and leaves you the viewer to decide what you believe .

there is evidence that receipt of sre impacts positively on sexual behaviour and is associated with positive sexual health outcomes .

excellent book . who says there is no evidence for the exodus . really enlightening and interesting .

filmmaker timothy mahoney faces a crisis of faith , “is this foundational event of the bible really just a myth ? ” he embarks on a 12 - year journey around the world to search for answers . patterns of evidence : the exodus unlocks the mystery of this ancient saga , combining a scientific investigation with a retelling of the exodus story to reveal an amazing pattern of evidence matching the biblical account that may challenge our understanding of history .

the apparent strong archaeological evidence which appeared as a solid dam of doubt for the exodus now has substantial holes in it . thanks to mr . mahoney’s work the truth is coming to light . mr . mahoney is only showing us scientific archaeological evidence . as more evidence is discovered i predict the dam of doubt will fall .

excellent scholarly expose of the evidence supporting the exodus . does a good job exposing the weaknesses of modern biased views and clarifies the interpretation of the data .

mahoney doesn’t call for a leap of faith , but proposes that the evidence warrants and honest re - evaluaton of the “scientific consensus . ”

overall , great film . tim stated at end of film that there was no evidence of exodus . ron wyatt saw evidence in red sea , chariot wheels , etc . there are markers at each side of sea showing the crossing site . on east side ( arabia ) there is physical evidence of israel camps , etc . tim needs to check history at the sea area .

after twelve years of work , filmmaker tim mahoney is finally releasing , for one night only ( tonight ) his documentary , “patterns of evidence , ” about the archaeological and historical evidence for the biblical exodus . i had the opportunity to view a pre - released version of the film back in november and can attest to the production value that twelve years of work creates . the film has already won awards for its craftsmanship .

archeological evidence can support historical events but can’t deny them . in other words , if there is archeological evidence that matches an historical event , it can prove its occurrence , but lacking it can’t prove that it didn’t happen . the written material is the evidence that should lead our ability to decide which events are considered as historical .

i was shocked that at the end of the documentary where he stated there was “no evidence” for the red sea crossing ? ? i just recently did an extensive research study on ron wyatt’s findings as well as others who have indeed found numerous evidence as you stated above , so i’m honestly clueless as to how he says there’s no evidence . either he didn’t do enough research , or didn’t want to open that can of worms , but i believe the evidence would make for a great part 2 .

yesterday i posted an article titled navigating “patterns of evidence for the biblical exodus which essentially outlined where the film would focus most of its attention . that focus was on the dating of the exodus or the chronology ( or when it happened ) , and that was correct . more on this in a moment , but first some positive observations of the film .

astrophysicist and author hugh ross , ph . d . offers evidence that the earth is billions of years old , which he believes . . .

) . self - organized , regular vegetation patterns have been studied extensively in the past decade in water - limited systems ( e . g . , refs .

a film cannot function like a term paper and can only serve to be an introduction to these important issues . more depth will be found in the upcoming book . patterns of evidence : the exodus presents one intriguing explanation for the pattern of evidence that exists earlier than expected . in my opinion this is an underreported proposal that deserves much stronger attention and research , especially by supporters of the bible . hopefully , many will be as open to considering these ideas as the reviewer in this article .

patterns begins with a straightforward enough concept : the bible describes an exodus event for which , according to many scholars , there is little to no extra - biblical corroborating archaeological or historical evidence . taking seriously the record of the biblical text , mahoney , a self - described “reluctant participant , ” engages in what he calls a “scientific method” of identifying the exodus in the historical record . this method attempts to match the chronological “pattern” of the exodus described in the biblical text to evidence of that same chronological pattern in the archaeological and historical record .

but if the arrival of the hebrews was 1500 it would mean that the moses hebrews pre - dated the philistines by couple of hundred year . however , i don’t think the evidence supports this .

don’t expect mahoney or patterns to get accolades from scientists or fellow documentarians as the film turns the “accepted facts” on their head and challenge conventional dates and theories surrounding the biblical event .

this illustration used in patterns of evidence : the exodus ( also in the book , see below ) shows the upper wall of time as the traditional view of egyptian chronology and the “late exodus” view , which places the exodus at about 1250 bc , during the reign of ramses the great . the colored blocks indicate events analyzed in the film as archaeological evidence for these events has “not found , ” but if the timeframe is shifted backward ( white arrow ) about two centuries toward egypt’s middle kingdom , and the exodus is placed around 1450 bc , archaeology tells another story – the biblical story .

ultimately , “patterns of evidence” will leave viewers with the erroneous impression that the bible can be proven true by archaeology , but the historicity of the biblical text is not dependent upon the vicissitudes of historical preservation . archaeology will not prove the veracity of the bible . archaeology informs our understanding of the biblical text and the biblical text informs our understanding of the archaeological record . while we cannot fully understand one without the other , neither “proves” nor negates the other . and really , we shouldn’t ask them to .

i found it fascinating that the interviews of most of the detracting expert archeologist showed their incredible arrogant nonbelief of the biblical exodus . as more evidence comes to light i think many of these doubters will look back with embarrassment at the strong stand they took against the truth .

the patterns film crew is in israel now ! they are filming numerous biblical sites and also conducting various interviews and re - creations . the most recent visit was with scott stripling at shiloh .

please do research and put out a documentary regarding all this evidence that supports the bible as not only god’s word and absolute truth – but a historical document .

) . here , using recent advances in time - series methods applied to a desert stream , we identified the spatial scales of drivers underlying observed patterns of solute concentrations , partitioned the relative influences of physical drivers and biological processes , quantified internal spatial feedbacks , and compared inferences over short - term succession and a long - term ecosystem regime shift . the observation that internal spatial feedbacks contribute to regulating biogeochemical patterns in rivers and streams is novel and could influence how stream ecosystems respond to environmental perturbations (

i like that mr . mahoney did not say we have proof that the biblical exodus occurred , but just presented a bunch of the evidence , and let the viewing audience draw their own conclusion .

rivers and streams are open , heterogeneous ecosystems . stream water chemistry is influenced by organisms and the physical environment , resulting in longitudinal ( upstream - downstream ) heterogeneity that can be analyzed with time - series methods . applying statistical techniques to longitudinal nutrient concentration data in a desert stream , we found evidence of substantial internal regulation of surface - water nutrient patterns , realized via spatial feedbacks . the strength of these feedbacks increased over succession . although inputs from subsurface zones ( a feature associated with the physical template ) remained a major factor in explaining nutrient patterns , by late succession , the effect size of internal feedbacks was equal to the effect size of major upwelling zones . our study demonstrates that multiple processes interact in a dynamic way to create ecosystem spatial heterogeneity .

thank you for your thoughtful review of the patterns of evidence : the exodus . i wanted to respond to a couple of the points you brought up . first , i believe the film firmly landed on an exodus date around 1450 bc as opposed to an approximately 1250 bc ramesses exodus date . this was the first of the two big wall shifts featured , when mahoney decided to leave the ramesses exodus theory behind and search earlier . after seeing more evidence against ramesses and the reviewing 1 kings 6 : 1 , the biblical date shifted back to 1450 bc and never moved again . many people who argue against david rohl’s ideas do not realize that he uses a rather orthodox exodus date .

mahoney wrote , directed and produced “patterns of evidence : the exodus” , his first feature length documentary film , an investigation that lasted twelve years . he has also authored the new book by the same title . after 25 years of experience in media production , mahoney created thinking man films , a production / distribution company that explores the world we live in and encourages people to question what they have been told about culture , science , history and religion .

drylands are important ecosystems with limited water resources , often subject to desertification . their ecological activities depend on spatial patterns formed by local vegetation , but the relation with vegetation growth remains unclear . using satellite images of a typical semiarid shrubland in southern spain , we gather vegetation data and argue that vegetation cover can be interpreted by means of a percolation process . we use a static analysis that compares patch statistics in different spatial scales to study the various patch patterns that occurs in drylands . our results indicate three distinct phases in the overall vegetation cover range . the spatial patterns of vegetation are separated by a first - and a second - order phase transition , in three different spatial scales . we measure the corresponding critical exponents and determine novel relations between scaling exponents . the results reconcile conflicting views about vegetation patterns in drylands and demonstrate that different phase transitions coexist in the phase diagram of dry shrublands in southern spain . in addition , our preliminary test with a distinct dryland supports the hypothesis of universality classes to sort different drylands .

the bible record is true . there is ample evidence to support its claims . it takes a fair and open minded approach to study and prove it to be the inspired word of god . it also takes some courage when you are confronted with the evidence , then make a decision to either accept its claim on our life , or to close the book and walk away unchanged .

) . one of the fundamental questions underlying the study of pattern–process relationships is to what extent patterns are determined by local environmental conditions ( e . g . , soil and climate in terrestrial ecosystems , salinity and currents in oceans ) and to what extent they are self - organized (

i spent 12 years asking the question , “is the bible true ? ” if it wasn’t then what should i put my faith in ? what i found was an amazing pattern of evidence that matched many of the events recorded in the bible . there was a real history that could be seen . for me that changed everything . i encourage you to join me in the ongoing investigation and see the bible affirming evidence for yourself . –timothy

read weekly updates on recent archaeological discoveries and ding into the artifacts being found . we continue to seek further evidence for the biblical accounts - read about it . . . absolutely free !

) . here , we used patterns of nutrient concentration in a desert stream as a model system to disentangle the relative influence of physical template and biological processes , evaluate the role of internal spatial feedbacks emerging from physical and / or biological processes , identify the spatial scales of underlying processes , and compare inferences over short - term succession and long - term ecosystem regime shifts .

two important findings emerge from our results . first , the physical template ( here , groundwater upwelling ) was a dominant factor influencing nutrient spatial patterns , about one order of magnitude higher than biological effects . the most visually obvious ( biological ) change in the system over the nearly two decades encompassed by the study , establishment of riverine wetlands , did not have a direct effect on nutrient spatial patterns . second , internal spatial feedbacks , feedbacks that indicate self - organization but have not been considered in stream biogeochemical research , became stronger over succession as a resource becoming increasingly limiting , and were as important as the physical template by late succession . we conclude that research on stream nutrient spatial patterns requires an explicit consideration of the interplay between the physical template and the system’s internal self - organization , as well as how this interplay may change over successional or greater time scales .

a debate rages over the credibility of the bible . most archaeologists today have concluded that there ' s no evidence that the exodus of israelite slaves from egypt ever happened . filmmaker timothy mahoney faces a crisis of faith , “is this foundational event of the bible really just a myth ? ” he embarks on a 12 - year journey around the world to search for answers .

the problem is that the evidence that was presented as supporting the exodus was conflicting . my concern is that christians may walk away from the film being even more agnostic about the exodus than certain that it happened .

what is the validity of history found in the bible ? is it fact or fiction ? what does the hard evidence really have to say about the foundational story of the old testament : the exodus out of egypt ? an in - depth investigation by documentary filmmaker tim mahoney searches for answers to these questions amid startling new finds that may change traditional views of history and the bible .

follows the book of acts . shows the complete message of christ and the transformation of saul to paul and how the high priest of judea does not believe in what has taken place after the crucifixion of christ .

the physical template can be defined as the relatively stable physical environment in which a pattern of interest develops ( 3 ) , and is considered an overriding organizer of ecological patterns . at large spatial scales , spatial zonation of vegetation pattern is a classic example of the environmental template determining plant pattern formation in action ( 6 ) . at smaller scales , microtopography significantly influences plant distribution ( 7 ) . in streams , the physical template influences stream surface - water nutrient patterns ( 8 ) . longitudinally , tributary junctions bring water with distinct biogeochemical signatures into a stream . laterally , streams are hydrologically connected to the riparian zone , the floodplain , and the upland portions of catchments ( 8 ) , with riparian zones acting as “nutrient filters” that remove various chemical constituents as water moves from uplands to the stream ( 9 ) . vertically , subsurface water from the hyporheic zone can also alter the biogeochemical signature of surface water ( 10 ) . at broader spatial scales , geomorphic features , such as slope breaks and canyons , determine the locations of upwelling and down - welling zones ( 11 ) . collectively , such connections among subsystems in the riverine landscape form the physical template that influences patterns of nutrient concentration in stream surface water .

i am not sure why this review did not address mahoney’s “pattern of evidence” motif because that was integral to his approach and it dominated the narrative . to me , it was a very powerful image – and , as the panel host said , kept you on the edge of your seat as you waited for evidence of each of the 6 phases in the pattern . mahoney also explained at the beginning of the film why he did not address the route of the exodus ( he ran into the fact that scholars doubted that israelites were ever in egypt in the first place , and so it was necessary to do that first ) . to be fair ( to this reviewer ) , i was a little surprised that there wasn’t definitive evidence to lock down the pattern into a specific time – but , after seeing the film , i appreciate the scope of the task . on balance , i would say there is great merit in taking rohl ‘s and mahoney’s hypotheses seriously . at least seriously enough to ask new questions .

wetlands are considered biogeochemical hotspots ( 40 ) , in the sense that riverine macrophyte patches exhibit significant nutrient retention ( 41 ) . however , studies quantifying biogeochemical influences of wetlands typically integrate large downstream distances ( or areas ) to calculate total nutrient uptake ; hence , the particular contribution of macrophytes to nutrient spatial patterns remains unresolved . in our study , although wetland plants covered ∼40 % of the stream in 2013 , we found no evidence of wetland patches affecting spatial patterns of no 3 − or srp concentrations directly . in contrast , algae had a significant negative effect on no 3 − ( but not on srp ; fig . 4 ) , even though the amount of n stored in algae is only about a third of the amount of n stored in vascular plants ( si appendix , si materials and methods ) . concentration of srp is additionally affected by physical adsorption / desorption and solubility processes , which may explain why srp concentration is not negatively associated with algae in this system . vascular macrophytes do assimilate these nutrients and , in fact , represent a much greater nutrient storage pool than algae . we suggest that local effects of wetlands on surface water nutrients are undetectable compared with local effects of algae because macrophytes obtain their nutrients via root uptake ( 42 ) , which is not reflected in surface - water concentration .

essentially three main dating options were presented in the film . the reasoning and the evidence for each dating option , however , was not clearly explained . in my view , that was really the crux of the matter . that is what people came to see and wanted to know .

the film focuses on the historical evidence of abraham’s great - grandson joseph’s descent into egypt as a slave , his rise to power as the pharaoh’s key advisor , the shift of wealth that occurred in egypt under joseph’s administration , avoiding the devastating famine , the emigration and establishment of joseph’s extended family in egypt , the enslavement of the hebrew people , the ten plagues and red sea miracle which destroyed egypt’s economy and army making the nation vulnerable to invasion by the hyksos , as well as the subsequent conquest of canaan by the nation of israel under the direction of joshua .

mahoney comes to a crisis when , as noted above , he finds there is little evidence of that “pattern” in the time periods normally associated with the exodus event . stymied by professional archaeologists , even those who are otherwise sympathetic to traditional interpretations of the biblical text , mahoney turns to the theories of david rohl and john bimson who , instead of accepting the normal dates associated with the reigns of egyptian kings , have argued for revising the traditional chronology of egyptian kings by pushing forward and expanding the king list by nearly 200 years .

hoffmeier is professor of old testament and near eastern archaeology at trinity evangelical divinity school ( deerfield , il ) . since 1994 he has been director of the north sinai archaeological project . hoffmeier has appeared in many tv programs and authored two books on evidence related to the exodus : israel in egypt ( 1999 ) and ancient israel in sinai ( 2011 ) .

q - what if there is an existence in the universe other than ours that we are unaware of ? a - we have no scientific evidence of any other universe . you can postulate anything thing you like but that is totally blind faith . what we cannot know does not help us deal with what we do know . we do know that the god of the bible created the universe we are in .

wavelet analysis revealed a strong influence of upwelling zones on no 3 − patterns ( fig . 2 ) . the global wavelet spectrum ( gws ) is the space - integrated version ( i . e . , across the entire stream length ) of the wavelet power spectrum , and it identifies the dominant scales of spatial variation ( by peaks in gws ) . the gws of no 3 − signals showed two distinct spectrum peaks at spatial scales of ∼1 km and 3 km , except during early succession , when the 1 - km peak was absent ( fig . 3 and si appendix , table s1 ) . for srp and conductivity , only one peak , between 1 . 5 and 1 . 8 km , was observed in the gws over successional time ( fig . 3 and si appendix , table s1 ) . wavelet analysis of wetland abundance distribution and its gws showed that the spectrum powers peaked at spatial scales of ∼700 m and ∼2 , 500 m at downstream distances of 5–7 km and 7–10 km , respectively ( figs . 2 and 3 ) . wavelet analysis for nutrient spatial heterogeneity and wetland distribution showed different patterns ( figs . 2 and 3 and si appendix , fig . s2 ) , suggesting different underlying contributing processes . by comparing the mean dissimilarities in the space - spatial scale plane ( i . e . , spatial locations on the x axis , spatial scale on the y axis ) for different solutes , we found that srp patterns varied most with successional stage , followed by no 3 − and then conductivity ( si appendix , fig . s3 a ) . differences in spatial patterns among solutes increased with successional stage ( si appendix , fig . s3 b ) .

spatial patterns of nutrient concentration in sycamore creek over 10 km across four stages of postflood succession and two ecosystem states ( early succession in march 1997 , midsuccession in may 1995 , late succession in december 1995 , and mid - to late succession with wetlands present in may 2013 ) . in 2013 , we measured cl − concentration instead of conductivity . small and large red dots denote minor and major upwelling locations , respectively . data from dent et al . ( 10 ) .

in u . s . premiere of yiddish version , ‘the words have a lot of weight . ’

bimson’s special interests include the historical and archaeological background of the old testament and he has taken part in excavations in israel . he did doctoral research on the historicity and setting of the exodus and conquest . his book , redating the exodus ( 1978 ) , proposed that the end of the middle bronze age provides the best matching evidence for the biblical conquest and that the dates assigned to this period should be substantially revised .

another area that needs to be addressed is the biblical chronology itself . the work of edwin thiele , which is the accepted chronology of the kings of judah and israel , is 45 years shorter than the biblical chronology . also , most commentators assume that the 479 years between the israelites leaving the land of egypt and the laying of the foundation of solomon’s temple , as mentioned in 1 kings 6 : 1 , is marking the span from the exodus . my research shows that this marks the span from the end of the 40 years wandering and not the beginning . all of the evidence points to a date for the exodus of 1532 bc ( not the 1446 bc suggested in the film ) . the work of gerard gertoux , a scientific approach to biblical chronology , is a must read .

we observed no direct effect of wetlands on surface - water spatial patterns of nutrients , but wetlands indirectly affected nutrient spatial patterns through their influence on surface–subsurface hydrological exchange . after wetland establishment , the effect size of upwelling on no 3 − in 2013 was significantly lower than predicted by the amount of surface water ( fig . 6 ) and its effect on srp was no longer significant ( fig . 7 ) . this shift in the importance of upwelling is likely a result of biogeomorphic changes that occurred during wetland development . upwelling zones feature a high abundance of vascular plants ( 33 ) , which trap and accumulate fine sediments , leading to a reduced vertical hydrological gradient , and thus to a lower hydrological exchange than would otherwise occur ( 18 ) . in addition , wetlands may create a hypoxic hyporheic environment , which favors denitrification in hyporheic sediments , leading to low no 3 − ( 18 ) . reduced exchange and enhanced denitrification are consistent with the observed reduced effect of upwelling zones on no 3 − . as a consequence of reduced upwelling , nutrient dynamics associated with the plant rooting zone would be reflected in surface water concentrations even less , if at all .

the influence of upwelling ( physical template ) on no 3 − concentration was approximately one order of magnitude greater than the influence of upwelling of biological processes [ i . e . , the value of the coefficient for upwelling was at 10° ( fig . 5 ) , and it was at 10 −1 for biological processes ( fig . 4 ) ] . the upwelling effect on no 3 − and srp was significantly positive in three successional stages before wetland establishment , and its effect size increased from early to late succession ( fig . 5 ) . for no 3 − , before wetland establishment , the upwelling effect was negatively correlated with the amount of surface water in the stream ( fig . 6 ) . however , following wetland establishment , this effect size decreased , showing significantly lower values than predicted by the amount of surface water at the time the survey was conducted ( fig . 6 b ) . similarly , for srp patterns , after wetland establishment , the effect of upwelling zones became nonsignificant ( fig . 5 ) . other physical drivers , including water permanence and reach type , influenced nutrient spatial patterns in some surveys , but none of these physical drivers had an explanatory power as strong as the explanatory power of upwelling ( si appendix , tables s2 and s3 ) .

up - to - date evidence is needed about the range and relative importance of different information sources for young people , how well these sources meet their information needs , as well as their preferred sources and knowledge deficits , to ensure that young people are equipped with the knowledge they need to experience a happy and healthy sex life . this paper seeks to address this evidence gap using data reported by young people ( 16–24 years ) , in the third british national survey of sexual attitudes and lifestyles ( natsal - 3 ) , a probability sample survey conducted in 2010–2012 , as well as data from the previous two decennial natsal surveys to examine how learning about sex has changed over the past 20 years .

main outcome measures reported source of information about sexual matters , unmet information needs and preferred source of additional information .

i’m a scientist by training , although my field is biology , not archaeology . my take - aways were : the accepted chronology of egypt has a flimsy basis and there are scholars with a vested interest in this not being challenged ; furthermore , like the theory of evolution and the earlier epicycle theory of planetary motion , it requires a lot of propping up and exceptions to sustain it . by contrast , if you start with the bible and the pattern of events recorded there , it is possible to fit the evidence together in a way that coheres better than the existing schema .

probably my all - time favorite book . as a christian , this book blew me away . despite the claims of contemporary archeology , there is overwhelming evidence for the existence of a semitic people in egypt , living in slavery , then suddenly leaving - as well as compelling evidence for things like 1 . the conquest of jericho , 2 . biblical - type plagues on egypt , 3 . joseph ( i won ' t list anymore - i don ' t want to give away the whole book ! ) . the author , tim mahoney , spent over a decade researching , and he interviewed the experts . the amount of research and time devoted to this book ( and movie ) is exceptional . i don ' t think anything compares . my faith was increased ten - fold and plan to read this book again and again .

as i’ve admitted in my previous article , i believe that the evidence and arguments put forth for the early date ( 1446 b . c . ) , as articulated by dr . bryant wood make the most sense and solve the most problems for reconciling the biblical exodus and the archaeological and historical record .

it was very good to see such conservative christian scholars , such as james k . hoffmeier , charles ailing , bryant wood & john bimson given some air time to make the case for a historical exodus . rarely does the general public hear a conservative give a scholarly response on a historical documentary , and some of the evidence they presented was formidable and compelling .

jewish leaders such as rabbi david wolpe ( a jewish week columnist ) question the historical veracity of the passover story . are a growing number of jews skeptical of the story ?

franklin is a professor at the university of haifa , zinman institute of archaeology and co - director of the jezreel expedition at tel jezreel . franklin was formerly at tel aviv university , where she was the coordinator of the megiddo expedition .

to quantify the relationships between the putative drivers and nutrient heterogeneity , we used marss models . we fitted marss models using the “marss” r - package ( 62 ) , which provides support for fitting marss models to multivariate data via maximum likelihood , using an expectation - maximization algorithm . we constructed two different marss model structures : model i quantified the relative influences of biological processes and the physical template on nutrient spatial patterns , and model ii was used to quantify effects of the relative contribution by physical template and by internal spatial feedbacks .

correct . on the issue of the philistines of david’s time as an earlier migration and also the reference in genesis see the work of john j . bimson in “files” link at urltoken chronology

a study of cognitive ability in norwegian males born from 1962 to 1991 suggests that environmental factors rather than changing genetic composition of families likely account for most of the change in norwegian population iq .

this film comes as a refreshing antidote to the distorted story told by ridley scott in his recently released movie , exodus : gods and kings . mahoney doesn’t just refute that movie , but also shows the historical problems in cecil b . demille’s retelling of the exodus in the film classic the ten commandments . the evidence told in this new documentary will cause everyone familiar with the biblical account to reassess their understanding .

the life and toils of jesus christ , depicted as written in the gospel of john . narrated in english , following the new international version of the scripture , while the actors speak in aramaic .

it’s no surprise that the film is billed as “provocative” and “game - changing , ”mahoney opts to change everything we think we know about egyptian history in order to get it to match more closely with the biblical chronology . but , contrary to what the filmmakers would have you believe , there is nothing new here , just a dejected theory . indeed , most of the scholars interviewed in the film , even those who believe in a traditional biblical dating of the exodus , reject this revised chronology and opt for less - sensational , less provocative , less game changing , more accurate and more nuanced descriptions of the archaeological evidence of the exodus .

a larger proportion of young people in our study reported school as their primary information source than reported school as one of their three main sources in an internet - based survey of young people in the uk .

this is the problem with the documentary format . it is not the best format to put forth and test supposed “new” ideas and solutions no matter how much they are qualified by “perhaps’s” and “could’s . ” time constraints mean that creditable opposition is never addressed . in “patterns , ” all scholarship becomes flattened in a “them” vs . the revised chronology paradigm . the film lumps together traditional biblical maximilists and secular minimalists in a gang of “archaeological giants” that the revised chronology will take down with nothing but a sling and a prayer .

source for only a small proportion of young men and a very small proportion of women , and , despite the availability of the internet , young people still most frequently report more traditional sources of information about sex ( school , friends and parents ) . the increase in reporting of school as the principal source of information about sex is encouraging as school - based sex education has the potential to reduce inequalities in the provision of information . respondents reporting school as their main source were less likely to report wanting further information . in other analysis we found that reporting school as a main source of information about sex was associated with lower reporting of a broad range of sexual health outcomes , particularly among women .

recommending that teaching should also include the impact of pornography , safe use of technology , sexual consent , exploitation and abuse and violence in relationships .

the intensification of the internal spatial feedbacks means that the system became more responsive to changes in no 3 − concentration in late succession ( i . e . , a small fluctuation in concentration invoked a quick return to an equilibrium concentration ) . this responsiveness likely results from intensified n limitation in late succession in sycamore creek , as observed in previous empirical research on the system ( 15 ) . resource limitation increasing the strength of internal feedbacks has been described in arid terrestrial ecosystems , where water constitutes the constraining resource and gives rise to self - organized vegetation patterns ( e . g . , refs . 20 , 22 ) . sheffer et al . ( 49 ) showed that a semiarid shrub - grassland landscape exhibited self - organized vegetation patchiness only when water was limiting ; in contrast , the physical template determined vegetation patchiness under sufficiently high precipitation . although these regular patterns are formed via scale - dependent feedbacks , a mechanism different from the feedbacks we describe here , both studies demonstrate the role of broadly defined spatial self - organization ( 4 ) in forming spatial heterogeneity and show that the strength of self - organization intensifies with increasing resource limitation . concentration - dependent effects were also observed for srp , which suggests the existence of regulation mechanisms . however , no successional trend was observed for srp , likely because srp is subject to an additional control pathway ( 50 ) of sediment adsorption and desorption ( 51 ) that masks biological uptake .

billington is a professor of history at the university of northwestern , st . paul , minnesota . he is the past editor of artifax magazine and has over 30 published articles , book reviews , and scholarly presentations . his areas of specialty include ancient history , medieval history , church history and biblical archaeology .

in 2013 , the office for standards in education , children ' s services and skills ( ofsted ) were of the view that sre required improvement in over a third of english schools and in almost half of english secondary schools .

simply put , mahoney doesn’t consider a large enough data set . when trying to link the biblical chronology to the archaeological record we can’t just account for the pattern of the exodus : the arrival of the hebrews in egypt , their multiplication and enslavement , the eventual judgment of egypt and subsequent exodus and conquest of canaan . we also have to account for every period thereafter : the arrival of the philistines , and period of the judges , the united monarchy , civil war and shishak’s attack , and the divided kingdoms of israel and judah .

it would be great to see the experts get together and work at setting a new date , that works with this pattern of evidence . i always knew that exodus was a factual account , because i prayed when i read the bible , and interestingly due to god’s answers , i knew that rameses was a common point of recognition for people of the time when i read the bible , and i was excited to see tim mahoney point this out in the film although no historian , it is exciting to see this information , as some people need to have a little proof to bolster their faith . such as thomas , jesus’s disciple .

this film is not likely to change the mind of a skeptic . with the exception of possible changes in chronological dating of the exodus event it will only affirm the traditional judeo - christian account of the israelite sojourn in egypt . i expect most who are interested in this stuff will remain in their positions .

weeks is one of america’s top egyptologists who devised and launched the theban mapping project , which seeks to document every tomb and temple in the theban necropolis ( luxor area ) . in 1995 , weeks discovered the expansive kv5 , the tomb of the sons of ramesses ii in the valley of the kings . since 1988 he has been a professor of egyptology at the american university in cairo .

the nutrient data used in this study were from two sources : existing data ( 51 ) and new data collected on may 31 , 2013 , all from the same section of sycamore creek . we replicated field techniques of dent and grimm ( 54 ) , collecting duplicate samples of surface water in 60 - ml tubes from the stream’s thalweg . samples were taken at points 25 m apart , and were collected as simultaneously as possible by 14 people arrayed along the 10 - km stream segment . each person walked upstream as he or she collected samples over ∼700 m . all samples were filtered in the field within 2 h , between 0800 hours and 1000 hours . locations at each 700 - m overlap point were sampled at both the beginning and the end of the collection period to check for diel variation in nutrient concentrations . the magnitude of diel change was < 10 % of the range of concentrations observed and 2 . 5 - fold the average variation between replicates , so we are confident that the spatial patterns we report were not confounded by temporal variation .

upstream wetland abundance was not a significant factor in explaining the srp , no 3 − , or conductivity [ in 2013 , we measured chloride ( cl − ) , also a nonreactive metric ] spatial patterns . we explored wetland abundance across a variety of upstream distances ( scales : 25 m , 50 m , 75 m , 100 m , 125 m , and 150 m ) , but at none of these scales was a wetland effect statistically significant ( only results at 100 - m scales are shown in fig . 4 ) . algal communities showed a significant negative effect on no 3 − in 2013 ( fig . 4 ) . in late succession , the effect of cyanobacteria on no 3 − was positive and significant ( fig . 4 ) .

at the seder , i always take the role of an ancient egyptian who is invited to a seder and explain to the host his side of the story .

given the rapid evolution of technology , one limitation is that some of the natsal - 3 participants included in this analysis would have been learning about sex around the beginning of the 21st century and their experience will be different from those learning about sex today with respect to internet access , particularly through smart phones . another limitation is that we used a predefined list of topics to determine further information needs , which may not have reflected adequately the range of topics of interest to young people today . we also do not know about the quality of the information that young people received .

in chapter six of the book titled “towards a new chronology” rohl gives his main argument , which stems from a genealogy of egypt’s royal architects discovered in wadi hammamat .

our study demonstrates that over the past 20 years there have been substantial increases in the proportion of young people citing school as their primary source of information about sex .

describes how the concentration of a chemical species upstream influences the rate of concentration change of the same chemical species immediately downstream . this phenomenon is a “concentration - dependent effect” in space , analogous to the long known density - dependent effects over time . whereas

boraik , educated at zagazig university , is the second highest - ranking egyptologist in egypt . he oversees the area of luxor , considered to be the world’s greatest open - air museum . this location was home to the ancient egyptian capital of thebes and is filled with some of egypt’s most important archaeological sites such as the temple complexes of karnak , luxor , and the ramesseum , as well as the valley of the kings .

finkelstein is co - director of excavations at megiddo and professor of archaeology in the department of archaeology and ancient near eastern civilizations at tel aviv university . along with neil asher silberman , he authored the influential book , the bible unearthed ( 2001 ) , which argued that the early history of israel did not occur as described in the bible .

i encourage you to check it out . it is worth the price of admission .

we compare men who reported pornography as one of their sources of information about sex with those who did not , both in terms of their other and main sources , and their unmet information needs using univariate logistic regression . the number of women reporting pornography as an information source ( n = 53 ) is too small to permit detailed exploration .

and that large proportions of gay / lesbian , bisexual young people report inadequate sre .

start your journey to an island of calm , inner peace and joy with the magic of mindfulness and explore a new stress - free world . now is the time !

q - why does existence have to have a creator ? a – the scientific evidence shows the universe had a beginning , the “big bang” shows we had a starting place . the universe is also winding down , so it could not have existed forever , otherwise it would have already expanded to nothing . the second law of thermodynamics ( which implies that the universe has been “wound up” and will eventually die a heat death ) — demonstrates that the cosmos has not always been here . it could not have self - created without a cause , because we know that in our universe whatever begins to exist has a cause . a powerful first cause like the god of theism plausibly answers the question of the universe’s origin .

since 1990–1991 , there has been a large increase in the proportion of men and women citing school as their main source of information about sex ( figure 2 a ) , from around 30 % in 1990–1991 to around 40 % in 2010–2012 . there has been a corresponding decrease in the proportion of young men reporting friends and in the proportion of young women reporting their first sexual partner as their main source of information . while there has been no change in the proportion of men reporting a parent , there has been a decrease in the proportion of women reporting their mother ( but not their father ) since 2000 .

haven’t any of you guys read “following moses” by frank de ruyter . gets way on top of this topic , and more or less substantiates what this documentary also stumbles on .

we performed a wavelet analysis to decompose spatial scales of longitudinal variation in nutrient concentration , the results of which were used to infer putative environmental drivers . wavelet analysis does not require the data series to be stationary , and is therefore particularly attractive , given the nonstationary nature of most ecological data ( 57 ) . a full description of the wavelet technique can be found in an article by torrence and compo ( 58 ) . wavelet analyses were applied to all 12 nutrient series ( i . e . , three nutrient types × four surveys ) . a global assessment of the scale - specific properties of the decomposed signal was achieved by summing the mean of the squared wavelet coefficients across all locations to produce a scalogram or gws . after obtaining the corresponding wavelet spectra generated from wavelet analysis , we compared them using a multivariate method that defines an orthonormal basis maximizing the mutual covariance for each pair of wavelet spectra ( 59 ) . comparing the decomposition of the wavelet spectra onto this orthonormal basis enabled us to quantify the dissimilarity of space - and spatial - scale patterns ( i . e . , both the spatial scales and the spatial positions ) among different nutrient species and among successional stages . we then used the constructed 12 × 12 dissimilarity matrix to calculate the mean dissimilarity exhibited by the main factors [ i . e . , nutrient species ( no 3 − , srp , and cl − ) , successional stages ] , which allowed us to evaluate the relative importance of the main factors [ similar to the method of rouyer ( 59 ) ] . wavelet analyses were carried out using the “biwavelet” package ( 60 ) in r ( 61 ) .


world war ii reenactment is the historical reenactment of the various combatants involved in world war ii .

the types of events include living history , which emphasises the garrison life of the average serviceman or servicewoman , and tactical events , involving simulated combat operations .

the activities of groups engaged in waffen-ss reenacting have been a subject of significant controversy .

world war ii reenactment

world war ii reenactment <EOT> this was a world war ii reenactment that was held at dellwood park in lockport , illinois .

republican congressional candidate rich iott is catching flack for his historical reenactment involvement of dressing up as a world war ii nazi solider .

annual world war ii living history weekend at the eisenhower national historic site . the public is invited to tour world war ii encampments of over 700 living historians portraying allied and german troops . the camps are authentically recreated by over 90 living history units and include original world war ii vehicles .

is revealed to have participated in a world war ii reenactment society , and donned nazi regalia ( waffen - ss , to be specific ) .

williams said he has been re - enacting the civil war , and now world war ii , for the past 16 years .

railway bosses have banned world war ii re - enactors from wearing nazi regalia during a 1940s wartime weekend .

the weekend also features book signings , special guided tours of world war ii burial sites in the soldiers’ national cemetery , and a world war ii style “uso” dance . both days , visitors may purchase lunch at the site courtesy of the heidlersburg volunteer fire company . guest speakers for the event include world war ii veterans and authors .

iott said he has been involved in reenactments on and off for roughly 35 years . he said he has dressed as an american soldier for world war i and world war ii reenactments , as well as a soldier from each side of the civil war .

the ww ii historical reenactment society is dedicated to keeping world war two history alive and in the public eye and to honor the veterans as well as preserving world war two artifacts . we look forward to continuing in our mission to grow interest in historical re - enacting as an educational hobby .

joe cooper , who is a metro police officer by day and has fought both as a civil war and world war ii reenactor , says that the latter group is a little more sophisticated .

as the veterans and monuments of world war two grow old and the nation rediscovers its heritage of that era , the world war two historical re - enactment society continues to move forward .

the 5th regimental combat team living history association has one simple mission : to provide korean war reenactment and living history activities in an organized setting . however , achieving that mission isn’t so simple ! in contrast to the civil war and world war ii , the korean war has not received much attention from reenactment enthusiasts . the association seeks to remedy this situation with period - accurate reenactments for the education of the public .

call of duty : world war 2 is the first game in the series since 2008 to take place in the second world war . back in 2008 , call of duty : world at war was a brief diversion from the franchise ' s turn to modern warfare , and eventually futuristic and even space warfare .

interestingly , the civil war and world war ii reenactors form entirely different subcultures . civil war reenactors are typically more prominent among the general public than their world war ii comrades . they’re featured at fairs , town celebrations , and school events . in tennessee especially , their reenactments often make for more entertaining public displays , given that the blue and the gray often fought in close proximity and that many decisive battles happened in the volunteer state .

hello , second world war reenactor here . the value of reenacting can be boiled down to two parts :

there’s a reoccurring complaint — history buffs want to get involved in world war ii reenactments , but can’t find a group interested in roleplaying anything other than the waffen s . s .

historical reenactment societies provide an incredible window into how men and women lived in historical times . these societies often focus on war reenactment , providing members ( and sometimes the public ) a glimpse into what life was like during the conflicts that shaped history . without historical reenactment societies , we wouldn’t get a visceral sense of the scope of war .

world war ii weekend is produced by the mid - atlantic air museum ( an irs recognized 501 ( c ) ( 3 ) charitable organization ) for the sole benefit of the museum itself .

columbus , ohio - a republican congressional candidate rejected criticism from a house gop leader monday , saying that he did nothing wrong by wearing a nazi uniform while participating in world war ii reenactments .

“some civil war reenactors come across as rednecks , ” cooper says . “the world war ii reenactors are a more subdued group . you have doctors , lawyers , and professors . you don’t feel embarrassed about bringing your family around them . ”

iott defended his hobby as arising from an interest in military history . “it’s purely historical interest in world war ii , ” he said . iott had roleplayed in other contexts as well , including the american side in the war , and as a union soldier from the american civil war .

currie’s late father was a world war ii combat veteran who was shot down in a b - 17 flying fortress in february 1944 while on a bombing run over the ploesti oil fields in romania .

the civil war reenactment society is the oldest such organization in the state of california . members voluntarily donate time , passion , and knowledge to the reenactment of civil war battles . all of their equipment is period - accurate , and their goal is to educate individuals and families about the only war ever fought between the states .

this is an world war two , historical reenactment society event . all participating reenacters will abide by the wwii hrs by - laws , safety and authenticity standards . you should review these items at the hrs website

the civil war traveler is not a reenactment society per se , but it is a fantastic resource for anyone interested in civil war living history and reenactment . the site offers detailed travel information for civil war attractions in the east , the midwest , and the west . it also offers maps , hard - to - find books , and more—all fantastic resources for the civil war enthusiast .

the 9 th reenactment society portrays the 9 . waffen ss panzer division “hohenstaufen , ” a german panzer division from world war ii . the society believes that for reenactments to be accurate , both sides of the conflict must be represented in a historically accurate manner . the society is clear about its condemnation of neo - nazism and the fact that the society only seeks historical accuracy in reenactment .

in a july 23 letter to currie , mcdonnell apologized for the distress currie suffered , but said many veterans – including a few from world war ii – attend the event each year and later express their gratitude .

the florida frontier guards are an unincorporated association of reenactment enthusiasts . members are passionate about reenacting the “florida war” of 1835 - 1842 , which is now known as the 2 nd seminole war . the group specializes in reenactment and living history . their tactics are especially well - researched and historically accurate .

it is an image that captured an epic moment in u . s . history - a sailor locked in a passionate kiss with a nurse in new york city ' s times square at the end of world war ii .

iott…said his interest in nazi germany was historical and he does not subscribe to the tenets of nazism . “no , absolutely not , ” he said . “in fact , there’s a disclaimer on the [ wiking ] website . and you’ll find that on almost any reenactment website . it’s purely historical interest in world war ii . ”

world war ii reenactors choose a stage that is often hidden from the public eye . that makes them , they claim , motivated more by the intrinsic pleasure of mimicking history than by playing soldier in front of their uncle curtis .

the 9th reenactment society is nationally recognized as a 501 ( c ) ( 3 ) charitable organization .

the american civil war society is dedicated to educating the public on “the bloodiest conflict in america’s history” through passionate , period - accurate reenactment . the california - based acws is active in san bernardino , orange , los angeles , and san diego counties . they have a large and active schedule of upcoming civil war reenactment events .

at recollections , we’re passionate about historical reenactment and historical accuracy . we love historical clothing of all eras–but as you know , we’re particularly fond of victorian clothing and styles from the american civil war era . we wanted to honor some of the most outstanding historical reenactment societies which we know of . this list is by no means exhaustive—all reenactment societies are performing a great service .

neo - nazi groups have in fact infiltrated world war ii and waffen s . s . reenactment clubs . but then there were reenactors such as rich iott , who ran for an ohio congressional seat in 2010 . photos of iott dressed as a member of the 5th s . s . panzer division surfaced before the election , which he lost .

all recognized reenactment groups / societies welcomed , but again you must follow hrs s & a standards period .

but there are a growing number of people in middle tennessee who fight to keep the memories of that epic war alive . they are world war ii reenactors , and they restage key battles and military themes of the bloody conflict . they wear intricate reproductions of war uniforms and weapons , ride in vintage military vehicles , and choose sides . in fact , in local parks , forests , and fairgrounds , you’ll find g . i . and russian reenactors and even reenactors mimicking the struggle of the french resistanceall waging tactical contests and gamely recreating actual world war ii battles . they’re not as prominent as their civil war counterpartsa continual sore spot for some of thembut they’re an emerging contingency nonetheless .

the sbg was set up in 1978 and describes itself as " britain ' s longest - serving second world war living history and historical society " .

fairfax county park authority officials have canceled next year’s world war ii bivouac at sully historic site in chantilly and will re - evaluate the event’s future , after a veteran complained that this summer’s event featured re - enactors portraying a notoriously vicious group of nazis .

“i am speaking for him and every other world war ii veteran , for everyone who is offended by nazis and all they stood for , and for everyone who does not want the holocaust and nazi atrocities to ever be forgotten , ” he told the supervisors .

retired u . s . army col . james currie of alexandria became incensed after seeing a washington post photo taken at the site’s world war ii weekend , held july 11 and 12 , which had actors dressed as members of combat unit 1 ss leibstandarte a . h .

no , they aren ' t duds - just temporarily disarmed until they are ready for the 2018 world war ii weekend . we ' ll start re - arming during the month of december - so check back then , and keep an eye on our facebook page for announcements .

park authority spokesman judy pedersen said agency officials in november “decided to take a look - see” and agreed not to schedule the world war ii program next year at sully historic site . officials may hold the event there again , but not before at least 2017 , she said .

the mystique around the waffen s . s . , sustained in part by the reenactment groups , needs to be busted .

the civil war reenactors have been around since 1996 . they even have their own magazine , the camp chase gazette , which covers many fascinating details of the civil war , including uniform lineage , reenactment on a budget , and more . the civil war reenactors are passionate about preserving history and demonstrating what life was like for soldiers in this bloody conflict .

“the park person running [ the world war ii event ] should inquire a little more about the groups being re - enacted , ” said currie , adding that the ss unit’s portrayal was “like having the ku klux klan re - enact a lynching . i just can’t see nazis in our parks . ”

ok , those guys weren’t real germans , but german ss reenactors . when they shot , they fired blanks . and they participated in a field training exercise with 20 or so cadets from mtsu’s rotc forest raider unit . so no , we’re not breaking any bad news hereworld war ii is still over .

the park authority has held the world war ii weekend for 10 years . this year’s event featured re - enactors representing both allied and axis forces , who held a “tactical skirmish” each afternoon . offerings also included presentations about victory gardens and displays of authentic uniforms , weapons , equipment and vehicles from that era .

they were walking along the street when they were confronted by trio wearing the uniforms of the third reich paramilitary organisation responsible for many of the atrocities against humanity in the second world war .

the incident was broadcast around the world and the prince issued a statement in which he apologised for causing offence .

mesmerising maps reveal record - breaking temperatures across the world as the earth experiences ' one of the . . .

almost every weekend , there is a re - enactment somewhere around the country , and while most are invitation - only affairs drawing from several dozen to several hundred participants , last year’s world war ii weekend in reading , pa . , attracted more than 20 , 000 to witness the liberation of a faux - french village .

when contacted by the atlantic , iott confirmed his involvement with the group over a number of years , but said his interest in nazi germany was historical and he does not subscribe to the tenets of nazism . " no , absolutely not , " he said . " in fact , there ' s a disclaimer on the [ wiking ] website . and you ' ll find that on almost any reenactment website . it ' s purely historical interest in world war ii . "

but robert m . citino , a military historian and professor at the university of north texas , told mr . green that the nazi division’s role in the second world war was far from heroic :

took a less harmless view . one historian questioned iott’s take on history , and pointed out that nazi reenactment has been outlawed in austria and germany .

a representative of the local ss reenactors did not return repeated calls , but other world war ii reenactors support bonner’s contention that the ss guys are in it for fun and historynot the nazi ideology of white supremacy . the same way actors such as dennis hopper relish playing the bad guy , some reenactors enjoy taking the wrong side of a conflict .

overall , bonner reports that the cadets learned from the exercisewhich is the primary point , given that these young men and women are charged with ensuring that another world war is never reenacted on the global stage .

but neitzel and welzer cautioned that wehrmacht soldiers had their own biases , and mass casualties in operations gone terribly wrong were not unusual during world war ii . the difference , the researchers wrote , is that wehrmacht soldiers often blamed their own officers for failures , while they blamed the waffen s . s . as an organization , reflecting an inter - service rivalry .

our efforts seek to preserve the memory and experiences of our grandparents and great - grandparents during world war ii . we are losing the memories , experiences , and culture of that era . our goal is to preserve that time and pass it on to the next generation . it is vital that people understand what we have gone through to become who we are today .

number of refugees accepted into the u . s . falls below the rest of the world combined for the first time since 1980

the wehrmacht considered the waffen s . s . to be poor soldiers | war is boring

number of refugees accepted into the u . s . falls below the rest of the world combined for the first time . . .

world war ii was the largest , most deadly conflict in human history . the after effects of that conflict are still felt today , over 70 years after the last shots were fired . the cost of allied victory was staggering , as some 50 million people worldwide lost their lives . by engaging in pubilc education efforts , living history displays , and reenactments , we hope to keep the history of this dark period alive , and to help educate the public about what america ' s enemies looked like and why victory over them was such a monumental achievement . sadly , many in america today have little to no connection with the past . our group , and dozens like it , hope to help folks understand world war ii , its impact , and its relevance to modern day events .

awesome last days of ww2 battle re - enactment . " war and peace show england 2011 "

saturday night , a world war ii style “uso” dance will be held at the gettysburg national military park museum and visitor center from 7 : 30 p . m . to 10 : 30 p . m . , featuring 1940s music by the gettysburg big band . open to the public , tickets will be sold at the door for $ 10 . 00 . a cash bar will be available .

a photo from the german government ' s national archives shows adolf hitler reviewing the ss leibstandarte a . h . combat unit in december 1935 . a re - enactor group ' s portrayal of the unit drew the ire of one u . s . military veteran , and has caused the fairfax county park authority to scrap the world war ii re - enactment planned for sully historic site in 2016 .

the great war society , based in the u . k . , was founded in 1984 . they offer members practical education in everyday aspects of the war , including perspectives from both sides of the conflict . this is a living - history group , not a combat reenactment group . they believe it is actually undesirable , let alone impossible , to portray combat accurately in front of the public .

first off , i ' m a reenactor . i very rarely do battlefield reenacting ( which i agree isn ' t very illuminating ) ; generally we do demonstration campsites at various reenactment events . i portray an american sailor from the war of 1812 , a us navy agent ( government contractor in charge of supplies ) in the war of 1812 , and an english archer in the wars of the roses .

iott , whose district lies in northwest ohio , was involved with a group that calls itself wiking , whose members are devoted to re - enacting the exploits of an actual nazi division , the 5th ss panzer division wiking , which fought mainly on the eastern front during world war ii . iott ' s participation in the wiking group is not mentioned on his campaign ' s website , and his name and photographs were removed from the wiking website .

the 1 st marine division korean war reenacting group has one mission : to portray the experiences of the brave men who fought in the korean war from 1950 - 1953 . the group seeks to educate people about the most - overlooked us war in the modern era . they are based in pennsylvania , and they’re always looking for new members .

the 22 nd mass / ussc boston branch is a reenactment group dedicated to portraying the 22 nd massachusetts , company d , a real union company that fought in the civil war . these valiant soldiers fought in many of the bloodiest and most gruesome battles of the civil war , like gettysburg and fredricksburg . anyone in the northeast can join the ranks and help these reenactors tell the stories of the soldiers who lived during this time .

williams said he has not seen any white nationalists or similar sympathizers among the ranks of civil war re - enactors .

licensed battlefield guide ralph siegel will present free guided tours of the world war ii burials in the soldiers’ national cemetery . though well known for civil war burials , the national cemetery is the final resting place for more than 400 soldiers , sailors , marines , and airmen who died between 1941 and 1945 . the interments include men who fell at pearl harbor and on d - day in normandy . these hour - long free guided walks are offered saturday at 5 p . m . and sunday at 10 a . m . and 1 p . m . the tour begins inside the taneytown road cemetery gate .

i recently read soldaten , which was based on secretly recorded conversations between german prisoners of war while in british custody . it’s a fascinating and disturbing look at how those soldiers — in many different and individual ways — felt about the war .

it can be hard sometimes to dress up in what many people consider an evil uniform , but we come out time and time again , and are nearly always well received because we are knowledgeable on the subject we are portraying , and are honest about the reality of the second world war .

asked whether his participation in a nazi re - enactor ' s group might not upset voters , particularly jewish voters , iott said he hoped it would not : " they have to take it in context . there ' s reenactors out there who do everything . you couldn ' t do civil war re - enacting if somebody didn ' t play the role of the confederates . [ this ] is something that ' s definitely way in the past . . . . [ i hope voters ] take it in context and see it for what it is , an interest in world war ii history . and that ' s strictly all . "

the sykes’ regulars group emphasizes excellence in drill , discipline , and authenticity . their high level of discipline has earned them the respect and recognition of numerous reenactment societies , and they place a high value on continuing research and documentation . they are a not - for - profit organization focused on education and honoring the heritage of those who fought in the civil war .

' it was the moment . you come back from the pacific , and finally , the war ends , ' mendonsa told cbs .

' they stopped the show and they said , " the war is over . the japanese have surrendered , " ' he recalled .

some re - enactors cite a decision by the city of manassas , virginia , site of two civil war battles , to cancel this year ' s civil war weekend , aug . 25 - 27 , which would have featured tours , lectures and re - enactments .

it ' s an exciting return to the historical for many call of duty gamers , your humble narrator included . as much as i really do enjoy modern cod multiplayer , it ' s great to have variety , and from what i ' ve seen and played of world war 2 it ' s going to be a great game .

since 1975 , the wwii historical reenactment society has brought history to life as an educational hobby , providing its members and the public with an authentic , safe time machine to the 1940s , using authentic uniforms , equipment , and vehicles . the membership of our organization is composed of historians , teachers , students , military collectors , veterans , and others interested in the second world war . members provide displays and battle simulations for the public , tactical simulations for members , school presentations , veteran ' s reunions , air show displays , parade participation , and other community events when called upon .

williams portrayed the seemingly incongruous , yet historically accurate fact that some blacks once fought for the very states that enslaved them during the civil war .

“the waffen - ss was an enemy of the united states during world war ii , ” says a matter - of - fact maj . jeff bonner , an assistant professor of military science at mtsu and an advisor to the forest raiders , a small , tactical unit of the school’s rotc program . “there are people here locally who have formed an organization who have utilized the waffen - ss’s training techniques for recreational purposes , ” bonner says . “they are not trying to honor or glorify the political entity known as the ss . this is purely out of respect for their military organization . ”

so if it ' s just policy now to have multiplayer function as an abstraction - - - almost a reenactment , in this case - - - okay . i ' m fine with that . and i completely understand leaving swastikas out of multiplayer . i ' m happy they ' ll at least be in the campaign and that sledgehammer is really focusing on creating a historically authentic european theater of war .

the north west territory alliance is an american revolution reenactment group that works primarily out of illinois , though their events can be found all over the midwest . none of the members are professional actors ; they all just have a passion for history , which is why their events are so compelling . the high - quality battle reenactments put on by this historical reenactment group are open to the public , and are on fields in parks , history centers , and everywhere in between . even if you’ve never acted in a reenactment before , you can join the north west territory alliance on their next adventure as a guest . then , you can decide if you would like to join as a full time member or not . the only prerequisite is that you must have a passion for history to come aboard !

at public displays its members , who number 200 , portray scenes from throughout the war , while wearing replica uniforms and using authentic weapons and vehicles .

campbell said he chose the southern side because " the civil war was not just about slavery , it was about states determining their own destiny . "

“portraying an elite group , such as the s . s . , ” the website for one north carolina reenactment club states , “is a study in military tactics , technological advancements , cutting edge training regiments , and an understanding of the mindset of a formidable opposition from wwii . ”

the burning of the valleys military association is a historical reenactment group that began in 1989 . the group originally put on a reenactment of the “the johnson – brant raid of october 17th - 19th , 1780 ? in 1990 , but since then it has expanded and formed relationships with other regiments to create a truly memorable and accurate event . they reenact this battle annually now , and the program has expanded enough to offer awards to different members of the group . these awards are recognitions given to individual members of the association , and the group can even provide scholarships .

several years ago i saw on the website of an american reenactment society , images of a military manual which is in london by an author hynd . ( ? ) there were at least two volumes describing late 18thc military practice marching order diagrams and music . for fife was included .

iott said monday that he was in a reenactment group called wiking for three or four years - though he thought his name remained on the group ' s roster for longer . he said he and his then - teenage son had joined as a part of a shared interest in history .

rabbi moshe saks told the magazine “any kind of reenactment or glorification of nazi germany , to us , would be something unacceptable and certainly in poor taste , if not offensive…i think the reaction here will be very negative . and not just among the jewish community , but the broader community . ”

the event at zoar , described as the largest civil war re - enactment in ohio , will still go on , according to tammi shrum , zoar site director .

we’ve broken this list down by historical period , and we’ve numbered the societies to make this easy to read . here are our favorite historical reenactment societies . note : they’re not listed in a particular order . they’re all doing great work in educating their members and the public on life in times past .

without indisputable proof , life launched a bid in 1980 to identify the couple , and a flood of war veterans and nurses came forward to claim their kisses were recorded .

jason klein , director of hale farm and village , said there were no protestors or problems at the aug . 12 - 13 civil war re - enactment this year .

during recent activities related to the civil war , park leaders were cognizant of ongoing controversies about slavery and the confederate flag , but received no complaints from visitors , mcdonnell added .

partisan bickering aside , the reenactment community is rather tight - knit . according to participants , most of the reenactors aresurpriseconservative white males with an affinity for guns . however , they are no more to the right of the political center than the members of a hillsboro / west end book club might be to the left .

now the couple who won the nation ' s heart have reunited in the location of the famous smooch to reflect on the photograph that came to symbolize the end of the war .

the entire german war effort in the east was a racial crusade to rid the world of ‘subhumans , ’ slavs were going to be enslaved in numbers of tens of millions . and of course the multimillion jewish population of eastern europe was going to be exterminated altogether . that’s what all these folks were doing in the east . it sends a shiver up my spine to think that people want to dress up and play ss on the weekend .

cleveland , ohio - the controversy and violence surrounding the removal of confederate statues has local re - enactors concerned about future civil war re - creations that attract thousands of spectators in northeast ohio .

the spanish american war 1898 inc . has one primary goal : to portray the period of the war accurately and passionately for the education of its members . the organization focuses on providing immersive experiences for its members , rather than entertaining the public . they use original rifles and authentic uniforms , and they consult u . s . army manuals from the period to ensure that everything is period - accurate .

according to its website , the aim of the group is " not to glorify war or the nazi regime but … to portray the fighting german waffen ss soldier of wwii as accurately as possible . "

shrum said the civil war event is held every other year , and the 2017 re - enactment will feature upwards of 1 , 000 re - enactors , with more than 4 , 000 spectators expected .

' the excitement of the war being over , plus i had a few drinks , ' he told cbs . ' so when i saw the nurse , i grabbed her , and i kissed her . '

with two copies of the photograph hanging in the couple’s rhode island home – it is clear that the photo holds special memories for the couple – the day the war ended , and , their first date .

shared , global ones , so we needed to adhere to local laws and regulations , while ensuring that everyone has the same level and identical playing field . " in other words , german gamers wouldn ' t see a different game in multiplayer than the rest of the world , which makes sense .

the wwii historical re - enactment society has over 1200 members in the us , canada , and europe . their sole mission is to bring the history of the second world war to life . they do this through parades , public displays , and simulated battles . they reenact experiences on all sides of the conflict , including the axis . however , they focus only on the military history of this conflict , and they do not tolerate nazism or fascism of any kind . they are always looking for new members .

lawrence verria , co - author of the kissing sailor , jokily cautions about grabbing strangers today adding , ' but in times square , 1945 , they hear the war’s over — it’s not such a bad idea . '

greta later discovered that her parents died in the war camps and she has never returned to austria . a widow with children , she now lives in maryland , according to the authors of ' the kissing sailor ' .

he hopes that one of those reminders could be a unit of youth re - enactors he hopes to assemble , based on the 5 th u . s . colored infantry , a regiment from ohio during the civil war .

the british brigade portrays the loyalist and british companies in the revolution . while americans might typically learn about the american militia and regiments in school , the british soldiers also had a rich history while they fought on american soil . through this historical reenactment group , you will be able to experience the truth about the british army , and not get all of your information about the british from a mel gibson movie .

she said : " we very much want to respect the people that we lost in the war and would totally discourage anybody wearing the nazi uniform and swastikas . " we did ask people who were wearing swastikas if they could possible

" we don ' t really take a position one way or another on confederate statues , " she added . " our role is just to talk about facts of the civil war and present them in an engaging way . "

a lot of people will see this as blatant pandering to the " social justice " crowd . women soldiers in world war 2 was already a point of contention , but having black nazis seems to many like a bridge too far . after all , this was an army that prided itself on its whiteness and racial superiority . hitler ' s entire philosophy was built around aryan superiority , and while black people were never the subject of his most intense hatred ( that was saved for the jewish people ) they were certainly never soldiers in the nazi army .

mr . iott admitted to mr . green that he had spent time playing a character he named reinhard pferdmann as a member of the 5 . ss wiking re - enactment group , which is described on its web site as “a nonprofit , nonpolitical organization dedicated to the preservation of the history of ww ii and the lifestyle of the german combat soldier ( specifically waffen - ss foreign volunteers ) . ”

i’ve always been fascinated by the fact that here was a relatively small country that from a strictly military point of view accomplished incredible things . i mean , they took over most of europe and russia , and it really took the combined effort of the free world to defeat them . from a purely historical military point of view , that’s incredible .

" recent events have ignited passions in this country surrounding the civil war and the symbols representing it , " city officials said in a press release , opting to shut down the event for the safety of residents , visitors and re - enactors .

the fort mchenry guard is nationally significant . they reenact the battle of baltimore that occurred in the summer of 1816 , which inspired the star spangled banner . visitors can come and see the everyday activities of 19 th century citizens in the fort , watch the battle reenactment , learn historical interpretations of the events , and watch demonstrations . sponsored by the national parks service , the reenactors are carefully selected to provide a window into our nation’s past .

but regarding the question whether or not the waffen s . s . was “elite” unit , at least in terms of fighting skills compared to the wehrmacht , the answer was probably not . and that became increasingly the case as the war went on .

" what happened in ( charlottesville ) virginia is that you had morons of the modern - day ( ku klux ) klan associated with neo - nazis , neither of which have anything to do with civil war re - enacting , " he said .

the fort norfolk garrison works to educate the public about the war of 1812 . consisting primarily of two family - friendly units , this unit is set on authenticity . depending on the level of membership a certain reenactor has , he must be willing to abide by authenticity standards to ensure that reenactments done by the unit are as authentic and realistic as possible . we had to include them on our list because of their dedication to authenticity and providing the public with an accurate depiction of the war of 1812 .

in order to form the defensive flank , i got a second unit an s . s . battalion , that is , it wasn’t much more than a glorified company . the company consisted of about a hundred and seventy - five men , a few heavy machine guns and two mortars . there was one hauptsturmfuehrer von benden , a grand fellow who had also been in the world war . these fellows had been acting as a protective division in the rear and had engaged guerrillas . they were then withdrawn and sent up to the front . i gave them orders to take the village of volchanka ( ? ) .

rabbi moshe saks , of the congregation b ' nai israel in sylvania , ohio , a suburb of toledo that sits in the 9th district , disagreed . " any kind of reenactment or glorification of nazi germany , to us , would be something unacceptable and certainly in poor taste , if not offensive , " he said . " i think the reaction here will be very negative . and not just among the jewish community , but the broader community . "

the santiago campaign ninth infantry re - enactors , c - company , are dedicated to bringing the spanish - american war to life . they use period - accurate clothing , weapons , and maneuvers to educate the public on this crucial chapter of american history .

mr . kruger’s former commander wrote that the officer should have known that a plaque honoring “a waffen ss member and the commander of a battalion responsible for a large - scale massacre of prisoners of war could alarm a member of the public familiar with these historical events . ”

christopher browning , a professor of history at the university of north carolina - chapel hill , said , " it is so unhistorical and so apologetic that you don ' t know to what degree they ' ve simply caught up innocent war memorabilia enthusiasts who love putting on uniforms . "

regular army soldiers would also single out the waffen s . s . for atrocities . but in some cases , the regular soldiers appeared to be trying to distance themselves — and the wehrmacht — from war crimes which were pervasive on the eastern front and in which they were complicit .

currie likened the controversy to holding a civil war re - enactment that glorified confederate maj . gen . nathan bedford forrest , whose troops in april 1864 massacred surrendering black union soldiers at fort pillow in henning , tenn . forrest later became the ku klux klan’s first grand wizard , he noted .

the cumberland plough boys , sons of confederate veterans , is a unique organization . membership is open to male descendants of veterans who served with honor in the confederate forces during the civil war . members receive many benefits , including participation in organization events , a confederate veteran magazine subscription , and more .

“any person or political group who believes there is some bizarre hidden nazi agenda by reenactors is not only ignorant of the facts but using false representation to foster their own political ambition and beneath contempt . would these same accusers point a finger at civil war confederate reenactors and say they are all racially prejudiced ? ”

iott , a member of the ohio military reserve , added , " i ' ve always been fascinated by the fact that here was a relatively small country that from a strictly military point of view accomplished incredible things . i mean , they took over most of europe and russia , and it really took the combined effort of the free world to defeat them . from a purely historical military point of view , that ' s incredible . "

the annual wwii reenactment held at buckley homestead in lowell indiana is an amazing living history event . reenactors recreate wwii american gi ' s , german soldiers , us marines , russian soldiers and more . it ' s one of the best wwii reenactments in the mid - west . please support mac on patreon : urltoken - ~ - ~ ~ - ~ ~ ~ - ~ ~ - ~ - please watch : " bcm mk12 with aem5 silencer and some cool winter rigging ! " urltoken - ~ - ~ ~ - ~ ~ ~ - ~ ~ - ~ -

" we ' re not playing war , and we ' re not promoting hate speech . we ' re representing an educational moment , " he added . " re - enacting is living theater , not promotion of moronic causes . we are not a political entity . we ' re outdoor theater , that ' s all we are . "

as soldiers died , were wounded or taken prisoner , the waffen s . s . loosened recruitment standards from the much stricter requirements earlier in the war . there’s also no evidence the s . s . , in general , took higher casualties than the wehrmacht — perhaps reflecting the regular army’s bias . although the allies captured fewer s . s . prisoners .

still , a few reenactors grumble that while ss guys may not adhere to the insidious ideology that led to mass extermination of jews and the deadliest war in the history of human civilization , they nevertheless reflect that less - than - congenial nazi personality . as an example , rival reenactors note that their ss counterparts often refuse to play dead when they’re shot during tactical contests .

" there are , of course , cultural boundaries that we felt we needed to respect , " he adds , " and we also wanted to be authentic in our approach to game design . it’s a fine balance of not glorifying the symbolism , while also not ignoring or shying away from this dark moment in human history . there’s certainly a line that we are very conscious not to cross , while still honoring the sacrifice of those who fought to push back the world from the brink of tyranny . in short , it ' s not something we take lightly . "

the national civil war association is dedicated to “keeping history alive by living it ! ” the ncwa reenacts the famous battles of the eastern front , as well as the lesser - known conflict in the pacific theater , which was instrumental in directing the development of california . the ncwa welcomes new members , and it offers individuals , couples , and families the option of attending one event for free as new members .

the great war association seeks to recreate the sights and sounds of “the 20 th century’s most significant conflict . ” on a 100 - acre site near newville , pa , the gwa has created an accurate representation of the western front as it was c . 1917 - 1918—complete with trenches and a bombed - out no - man’s land . clothing , food , trenches , and more—this experience is totally immersive to the time period .

the royal sussex living history group was founded by john a baines ( 1952 - 2012 ) . though he has passed on , the group continues his work in educating the public about the experience of the great war . specifically , the group demonstrates what it was like to serve in the royal sussex regiment . the group will hold a centenary 100 th anniversary commemoration on june 30 , 2016 , at 17 : 00 hours .

those last letters stand for adolf hitler , for whom that unit was formed in 1933 to serve as his personal bodyguard , said currie , a military historian . soldiers with the ss ( or schutzstaffel , which is german for “protection squadron” ) rounded up jews in berlin and sent them to death camps ; killed nearly 100 american prisoners in malmedy , belgium , in 1944 ; and murdered about 5 , 000 russian prisoners of war , he said .

people are also visual learners . a demonstration of a period trade or military tactic will be easier to understand than reading a book or article on the same topic . doing these things correctly is also the best way to combat the ( sadly more common ) incorrect portrayals usually seen in tv and the movies . if most rev war historians seem to have an unhealthy obsession with the patriot , it ' s because that movie enshrined every dumb myth about the revolution to a huge audience .

multiplayer , however , is another beast altogether . in both competitive multiplayer and zombies mode , the swastika was left out . in many ways , sledgehammer has ditched historical accuracy and created something that they view as accessible to everyone , with the horrors of that specific war - - - and the nazi ' s fascist , racist regime - - - left out altogether . it ' s an interesting approach , and a tricky decision to make . but condrey says there were several deciding factors .

but few reenactors face the kind of social stigma suffered by those who join the infamous waffen - ss . considered to be the best of the best of hitler’s ground troopsa dubious distinction if there ever was onethe waffen - ss had special weapons , uniforms , privileges , and , most of all , expectations . at the end of the war , it had 600 , 000 soldiers in its ranks . the waffen - ss was part of the nazi party and was more ideologically driven than the wehrmacht .

but mendonsa wasn ' t so sure . a friend of his recognised the sailor ' s picture on the iconic cover but mendonsa took some convincing . ' he says , " i know it ' s you , " ' mendonsa said . ' i said , " you ' re crazy ! " this was 1980 , 35 years after the war ended . . . . so he brought the magazine over to the house and , the minute i looked at it , i said , " damn . that is me ! " '

and maybe it ' s just my biases , but some groups of reenactors are more prone to transmitting myths than others . civil war confederate reenactors often know a shit ton about uniforms , supplies , food ( or lack thereof ) etc , but they aren ' t going to be quoting " the fall of the house of dixie " or indeed , acknowledging the centrality of slavery at all . the less said about wwii germans , the better ( by my experience , few of them - seem - to be nazis , but the ' good german ' wehrmacht soldier myth is repeated ad infinitum ) .

thanks for the massive generalization of something i do . yeah , ss reenactors can be a bit weird and some are closet nazis , but a huge majority of us ( german reenactors ) understand that the german military ( all branches ) engaged in war crimes , even by the standards of the time . part of what we do is understand how otherwise reasonable people get to the point where they were willing to destroy whole villages full of people . it is wrong to paint them as monsters , because it over simplifies what happened , allowing us to fool ourselves into thinking that " it could never happen here . "

i mentioned aspects of daily life rather deliberately - - accurate clothes can show a lot about what a time ' looked like ' ( no , not everyone in medieval england wore brown ) , and foods can really hilight the differences between life in the past and the present ( heavily spiced medieval foods vs . subtler modern flavors ) . i think this is the biggest strength - - the little things . but keep in mind that a lot of people going to reenactments are tourists who have little inclination to pick up a work of academic history , and may never have read a word about the war of 1812 since high school . what i say about the american navy in 1812 to a passerby might be the only thing they ever hear about it .