Discovery and naming.

KMV 8701 was originally discovered in 1987. The specimen was identified as a new species, and was named "Dilophosaurus sinensis". Then in 1994, during a field expedition, a more complete specimen was found, and was assigned to the same species. In 2003, Dong Zhiming studied the material of "Sinosaurus", finding it to be quite similar to "Dilophosaurus sinensis". As "Sinosaurus" was named earlier, by Young in 1948, "Dilophosaurus" "sinensis" became its junior synonym. The composite term "Sinosaurus" comes from "Sinae", the Latin word for the Chinese, and the Greek word "sauros" (σαυρος) meaning "lizard"; thus "Chinese lizard". The specific name, "triassicus", refers to the Triassic, the period that the fossils were originally thought to date from. "Sinosaurus" was described and named by Chung Chien Young, who is known as the 'Father of Chinese Vertebrate Paleontology', in 1948. Over the years, paleontologists referred additional specimens to "D. sinensis" which are now assigned to "Sinosaurus". Dong (2003) referred specimen LDM-LCA10 which consists of a skull and an incomplete skeleton. In 2012, Xing referred two individuals, ZLJ0003 which consists of a partial skull and an incomplete skeleton, and ZLJT01 which is a juvenile individual that consists of a premaxillary fragment, an incomplete maxilla, a maxillary fragment, a lacrimal, both frontals, both parietals, an incomplete braincase, an incomplete dentary, an atlantal intercentrum, two dorsal rib fragments, and a partial proximal caudal neural arch, to "Sinosaurus".  The holotype, IVPP V34, was found in the Lower Lufeng Formation, and consists of two maxillary (upper jaw) fragments, four maxillary teeth, and a lower jaw fragment with three teeth. The teeth are laterally compressed, and feature fine serrations both at their anterior and posterior edges. The teeth are also variable in size and are curved backwards. This material is too fragmentary to determine the length and weight of this dinosaur. Over the years, other fossils were referred to "Sinosaurus", some of which were material that was shown to belong to two sauropodomorphs. The fossils include a postcrania, with a sacrum with three preserved sacral vertebrae. The material assigned to ""Sinosaurus" postcrania" includes a mix of plateosaurid and melanorosaurid elements. All the material from the Red Beds block has now been reassigned to "Jingshanosaurus"  Shaojin Hu (1993) assigned specimen KMV 8701 to "Dilophosaurus sinensis". In 2013, a study by Currie et al., confirmed that "D. sinensis" was the same animal as "Sinosaurus triassicus" On the other hand, Wang "et al." (2017) stated that it needs to be further investigated whether "D. sinensis" is indeed a junior synonym of "S. triassicus", and noted that the two species are different at least in the anatomy of the premaxilla. The authors tentatively assigned "D. sinensis" to the genus "Sinosaurus", but retained it as a species distinct from "Sinosaurus triassicus". Specimen KMV 8701 consists of a skull (measuring 525 mm), and is nearly complete. The specimen KMV 8701 is about long, meaning "Sinosaurus" was about that length. KMV 8701 has been assigned now to "Sinosaurus", but the specimen still lacks sufficient description and preparation. In 2012, a new specimen of "Sinosaurus" was described, and was found to represent a new species.

Description.

According to Carrano "et al." (2012) "D. sinensis", now considered to be at least congeneric with "Sinosaurus triassicus", can be distinguished based on the fact that a vertical groove is present on the lateral premaxilla adjacent to contact with the maxilla.  "Sinosaurus" is the only "dilophosaurid" known from a complete braincase. "Cryolophosaurus", "Dilophosaurus", "Zupaysaurus" and "Coelophysis kayentakatae" are all known from partial braincases. Two partial braincases were found before 2012, and are probably mostly complete, except that large sections are obscured by sediments. In 2011, an exceptionally well-preserved braincase was found, only missing the frontal bones and orbitosphenoid.

Classification.

Originally thought to be a coelophysoid related to "Dilophosaurus" and "Cryolophosaurus", Oliver Rauhut in 2003 showed "Sinosaurus" to be a more advanced theropod, related to "Cryolophosaurus" and "Dilophosaurus" "sinensis". In 2013, in an unpublished work, Carano agreed that "Sinosaurus" is a theropod. "Sinosaurus" has been considered a "nomen dubium" in a few works, although now that "Dilophosaurus" "sinensis" is referred to it, it is considered valid.  "Dilophosaurus sinensis" was shown to be a junior synonym of "Sinosaurus" in 2003. It is possibly closer to the Antarctic theropod "Cryolophosaurus", based on the fact that the anterior end of the jugal does not participate in the internal antorbital fenestra and that the maxillary tooth row is completely in front of the eye socket. "D. sinensis" was exhibited in 1998 at Dinofest in Philadelphia. Although the skull of "D. sinensis" sports large nasolacrimal crests superficially like those reconstructed in "D. wetherilli", features elsewhere in the skeleton suggest it is closer to tetanuran theropods. Rauhut (2003) regarded "D. sinensis" as a basal tetanuran most closely related to "Sinosaurus" and "Cryolophosaurus". Lamanna "et al." (1998b) examined the material ascribed to "D. sinensis" and found it to be synonymous with "Sinosaurus triassicus". This cladistic finding was confirmed in 2003 by Dong.  The Lufeng Dinosaurian Museum discovered a new specimen of "Sinosaurus" (ZLJT01) in 2007 from the Lufeng Basin. It consists of an incomplete skull and other postcranial fragments. Phylogenetic analysis of this specimen, demonstrates that "Sinosaurus" is a more derived theropod, and is not the most basal dilophosaurid, as held by Smith et al. A cladogram was identified by Christophe Hendrickx and Octávio Mateus. It placed "Sinosaurus" as the sister taxon to "Cryolophosaurus", and together they were the most basal tetanurans.

Paleobiology.

Crest function.

"Sinosaurus" and "Dilophosaurus" both possess dual crests. However, it was found that the crests could not be used in combat.

Feeding.

The skull of "Sinosaurus" has a deep notch between the premaxilla and maxilla. Dong (2003) proposed that the notch was used to house jaw muscles, giving "Sinosaurus" a powerful bite. Based on the estimated power of its jaws, "Sinosaurus" might have either been a carnivore or a scavenger. Dong suspected that the premaxilla was covered in a narrow, hooked beak, that was used to rip open skin and abdominal flesh. He also thought that the crest would have been used to hold open the abdominal cavity while feeding. Dong studied the feet of "Sinosaurus" as well, finding a resemblance with the feet of modern vultures. The feet of "Sinosaurus" were probably adapted to help it feed on large-bodied animals, such as prosauropods.

Paleopathology.

A study by Xing "et al." (2013) examined the effect of the traumatic loss of teeth on the dental alveolus (the socket in the jaw where the roots of teeth are held) in dinosaurs. "Sinosaurus" is the first dinosaur where remodeling of the alveolus in the jaw was observed. The authors concluded that this finding "contributes to mounting evidence suggesting theropods were highly resilient to a broad spectrum of traumas and diseases." The dental alveolus found on "Sinosaurus" is the first documented dental pathology found on a dinosaur.

Paleoecology.

Provenance and occurrence.

The type specimen of "Sinosaurus triassicus" IVPP V34 was recovered in the Zhangjiawa Member of the Lufeng Formation, in Yunnan, China. These remains were discovered at the Dark Red Beds that were deposited during the Sinemurian stage of the Jurassic period, approximately 196-183 million years ago. Several other discoveries referred to "Sinosaurus" were made in the Zhangjiawa Member: specimens IVPP V97 (postcrania), IVPP V36 (teeth), IVPP 37 (teeth), IVPP V88 (ilium), IVPP V35 (teeth and postcranial bones), IVPP V100 and IVPP V48 (teeth and postcranial bones) discovered in 1938 by M. Bien & C.C. Young, FMNH CUP 2001–2003 discovered by E. Oehler and Hu. Specimens FMNH CUP 2097, FMNH CUP 2098, FMNH CUP 2004, FMNH CUP 2005 were discovered in 1948 by M. Bien & C.C. Young at Zhangjiawa Member, as well. "Sinosaurus" sp. fossils have been found in the Zhenzhuchong Formation, and were previously thought to be a poposaur, although they might have only been from the equivalent Lufeng Formation.  Specimen IVPP V504, referred to "Sinosaurus", a maxilla with four teeth, was collected by Lee in the 1940s, in the Dull Purplish Beds of Shawan Member of the Lufeng Formation, that were deposited during the Hettangian stage of the Jurassic period, approximately 201-199 million years ago. Several other discoveries were made in the Shawan Member: parts of two skeletons attributed to "Sinosaurus" were discovered by Sou in 1956, specimen IVPP V279 (tooth) was discovered by C.C. Young in 1938, in dark red clayish sandstone, and specimen IVPP V381 (several teeth) was discovered by C.C. Young, in blue mudstone. The "D. sinensis" remains, KMV 8701, a nearly complete skeleton, now referred to "Sinosaurus", were recovered in the Shawan Member of Lufeng Formation. This material was discovered in 1987 in the Dull Purplish Beds that were deposited during the Hettangian stage of the Early Jurassic, approximately 201-199 million years ago.

Fauna and habitat.

In the Lufeng Formation, "Sinosaurus" shared its paleoenvironment with therapsids like "Morganucodon", "Oligokyphus", and "Bienotherium"; archosaurs like "Pachysuchus"; diapsids like "Strigosuchus"; crocodylomorphs like "Platyognathus" and "Microchampsa"; the early mammal "Hadrocodium"; and other early reptiles. Contemporary dinosaurs include indeterminate sauropods; the early thyreophorans "Bienosaurus lufengensis" and "Tatisaurus oehleri"; the supposed chimeric ornithopod "Dianchungosaurus lufengensis"; the prosauropods "Gyposaurus sinensis", "Lufengosaurus huenei", "L. magnus", "Jingshanosaurus xinwaiensis", "Kunmingosaurus wudingensis", "Chinshakiangosaurus chunghoensis", "Yunnanosaurus huangi", "Y." "robustus", and an unnamed taxon; and the theropods "Lukousaurus", "Eshanosaurus", and "Coelophysis" sp.  "Changpeipus" footprints have been found in the Lufeng Formation. In 2009, a study led by Li-Da Xing found that footprints from the Lufeng Formation were unique among ichnogenera, and named the footprints "Changpeipus pareschequier". The study hypothesized that they were produced by a coelophysoid; there are many possible trackmakers, however, including both "Sinosaurus" and "Coelophysis" sp.

Sinosaurus (meaning "Chinese lizard") was a tetanuran theropod dinosaur which lived during the Early Jurassic Period. It was a bipedal carnivore approximately in length. Fossils of the animal were found at the Lufeng Formation, in the Yunnan Province of China.

中国龙属(属名:)是兽脚亚目坚尾龙类恐龙的一属,生存于侏罗纪早期,化石发现于中国云南省的禄丰组。中国龙是种二足的肉食性恐龙,身长约5.6米。


163号加利福尼亚州州道

Route description.

SR 163 begins in downtown San Diego at an at-grade intersection with A Street and 11th Avenue. Shortly after, the freeway has an interchange with I-5 before entering Balboa Park. This section of SR 163 is built to parkway standards, featuring a wide, grassy median with trees, four through traffic lanes, and several very sharp curves, also passing under the Cabrillo Bridge. Shortly after leaving Balboa Park, SR 163 has an interchange with I-8 in Mission Valley. North of this interchange, SR 163 becomes a modern, Interstate-standard, eight-lane freeway. Continuing north, the freeway climbs uphill from Mission Valley to Linda Vista, where it has a partial interchange with I-805; traffic northbound on one freeway can only transfer only onto northbound of the other and southbound traffic can only transfer onto southbound direction of the other freeway. In Kearny Mesa, the freeway has a partial interchange with SR 52, one of the biggest bottlenecks in San Diego County. The freeway then heads north to and merges with I-15 near Miramar, where the southern terminus of the reversible lanes of I-15 are located. Ramps were built to allow traffic on SR 163 to enter and exit the express lanes of I-15.  SR 163 is part of the California Freeway and Expressway System and is part of the National Highway System, a network of highways that are considered essential to the country's economy, defense, and mobility by the Federal Highway Administration. SR 163 is eligible to be included in the State Scenic Highway System, and is designated as a scenic highway in Balboa Park by the California Department of Transportation (Caltrans), meaning that it is a substantial section of highway passing through a "memorable landscape" with no "visual intrusions", where the potential designation has gained popular favor with the community.

History.

The southernmost portion of the highway, running through Balboa Park, began construction in 1942 and opened in 1948 as part of US 395; it was the first freeway in San Diego County and one of the first in California. The Cabrillo Freeway was also part of US 80 from the late 1940s until 1964. This stretch of road has been called one of America's most beautiful parkways, and was designated a California Historic Parkway in 2002.  There were previously southbound entrances at Quince and Richmond Streets, but these have been closed. The single-lane bridge at Richmond Street which allowed this entrance still exists but is closed to traffic, and the remainder of the ramp has been demolished.  On May 17, 1995, Shawn Nelson, a U.S. Army soldier and plumber, stole a tank from the National Guard and drove it outside the base and onto the highway. After the tank got stuck in the median, he was shot and killed by police.

State Route 163 (SR 163), also known as the Cabrillo Freeway, is a state highway in San Diego, California. The stretch of the former US 395 freeway runs from Downtown San Diego just south of an interchange with Interstate 5 (I-5), extending north through historic Balboa Park and various neighborhoods of San Diego to an interchange with I-15 in the neighborhood of Miramar. The freeway is named after Juan Rodríguez Cabrillo, the first European to navigate the coast of present-day California.

163号加利福尼亚州州道(英语:California State Route 163, SR 163),正式名称为卡布里约高速公路(英语:Cabrillo Freeway),是位于美国圣迭戈的一条南北方向的州级公路,全长。全段达到高速公路标准。该公路从圣迭戈市区向北直到其北端在米拉马(Miramar)汇入15号州际公路。全路段属于加州高速及快速公路系统和。


Club career.

Early career.

Handanović started his career at Slovan and was later transferred to Domžale, where he spent two seasons. He was signed by Udinese in the summer of 2004 at the age of 20. However, his first spell with the "Friuliani " was short-lived as he was unable to cement his place in the starting line-up. His debut occurred on 20 November 2004 in a Coppa Italia match against Lecce, where he was sent-off in 91st minute for conceding a penalty after a foul on Mirko Vučinić; since Udinese had used all three substitutions, striker David Di Michele entered in goal in his place. Vučinić, however, failed to score from the penalty spot and Udinese won 5–4.  Handanović was on loan to Treviso in the summer of 2005, but in January 2006, he was exchanged with Matteo Sereni to Lazio. With Treviso, he received his first ever red card during the match against his next club, Lazio, on 18 September 2005 in an eventual 3–1 away loss. During his time with the "Biancoceleste", Handanović played three matches and conceded six goals.  On 14 May 2006, in the last day of 2005–06 season, Handanović, with the number 24, played his first and last match for Lazio, keeping a clean sheet against Parma in a 1–0 home win.  In July 2006, Handanović was loaned to Rimini, with a pre-set price of €1.2 million. Thanks also to his saves, Rimini remained undefeated in both championship games played against Juventus. The club finished fifth in the Serie B and conceded the fourth fewest goals in the league. Handanović was considered the second best goalkeeper of that edition of Serie B, right after Gianluigi Buffon. In June 2017, despite Rimini excised the option, Udinese also excised the option by paying Rimini €250,00 in net.

Return to Udinese.

Handanović returned to Udinese in the summer of 2007 after Udinese excised the counter-option to reject the buying, where he replaced Morgan De Sanctis and signed a new and improved contract lasting until 30 June 2012.

2009–10 season.

Despite the arrival of the Venezuelan goalie Rafael Romo, Handanović retained his spot as the number one goalkeeper. He started his fourth season as an Udinese player by featuring full-90 minutes in team's opening league match of the season, a 2–2 home draw against Parma. He kept his goal intact for the first time this season on 19 September in matchday 4 against Napoli, which ended in a goalless draw.  During the 2009–10 campaign, Handanović was the most used player on the field, collecting in total 40 appearances, including 37 in league. In Serie A, he made a total of 130 saves which were priceless for Udinese, who ended the season in 15th position.

2010–11 season.

Before the start of the season, Handanović changed the squad number from 22 to 1. The squad started the 2010–11 season with four losses in its first four Serie A weeks, leaving Udinese in last place. Handanović kept his first clean sheet of the season on 26 September 2010 during a goalless draw against Sampdoria, helping the team to collect its first point of the season.  During a match against Lazio in May 2011, he saved a penalty from Mauro Zárate, his sixth saved penalty during the 2010–11 season that equaled the all-time league record set in the 1948–49 season for most penalties saved during the course of a single season. Due to his performances, he was named to the Serie A Team of the Year for 2010–11.

2011–12 season.

On 16 August 2011, he played his first ever UEFA Champions League match against Arsenal, in the first leg of the play-off round, being beaten by a Theo Walcott 4th-minute goal in a 1–0 away loss at Emirates Stadium. In the returning leg at Stadio Friuli after one week, Udinese was leading after 50 minutes, but Arsenal come back to beat Handanović twice in a span of 14 minutes with "Bianconeri Friuliani" being eliminated with the aggregate 3–1.  Handanović kept a clean sheet in team's opening league match against Lecce, helping the team to a 0–2 away win. Udinese and Handanović were unbeaten in their first seven Serie A games, and only conceded one goal in that period, which was the best defensive record in top European leagues at the time.

Inter Milan.

On 4 July 2012, Gino Pozzo, son of Udinese owner Giampaolo Pozzo confirmed that an agreement for the transfer of Handanović to Inter Milan was reached with Inter paying a reported €11 million cash plus Davide Faraoni for his services (which Faraoni was valued for €8m); the transfer was made official by Inter five days later, for €19.4m (including other fee), despite both club bought back 50% registration rights as co-ownership deals; Handanović was brought in to replace the Brazilian goalkeeper Júlio César to take over as first-choice goalkeeper. Handanović signed a contract worth a reported €2 million per season, plus bonuses.

2012–13 season.

He made his club debut on 2 August 2012, in a 3–0 win over Hajduk Split in the 2012–13 UEFA Europa League third qualifying round, then conceded two goals in the 2–0 return-leg loss at home on 2 August, but Inter advanced on a 3–2 aggregate. On 17 August, Handanović suffered a meniscus injury that delayed the start of his Serie A campaign until 16 September, in a 2–0 road win over Torino. Handanović kept crosstown rivals Milan at bay in his first Derby della Madonnina appearance on 7 October, won 1–0 by Inter. He made his 200th Serie A appearance in Inter's 2–1 home win over Napoli. Inter were held to a 1–1 draw in the second derby encounter on 25 February 2013, but Handanović was noted for performing several saves against Milan striker Mario Balotelli.  In 2012, Handanović was included for the first time in the top ten IFFHS Goalkeepers of the World, ranking eighth. After the end of 2012–13 season, thanks to his solid performances, Handanović was selected in Serie A Team of the Year for the second time in his career, being the goalkeeper with most appearances. He played 48 matches throughout the season, including 35 in Serie A and ten in the Europa League. Inter's season ended in disappointment, however, after failing to finish high in the Serie A table and the Europa League, earning a ninth-placed league finish (the worst position since the 1993–94 season), and a quarter-final exit in Europe.  On 19 June 2013 Inter acquired Handanović outright, and sold Faraoni to Udinese for undisclosed fees.  In June, it was reported that Spanish side Barcelona offered to sign Handanović for €23 million, which was rejected by Inter owner Massimo Moratti; Handanović's agent also confirmed that his client will not move to Barcelona after the Catalan club opted instead to retain their incumbent starting goalkeeper Víctor Valdés for another year.

2013–14 season.

On 18 August 2013, in Mazzarri's first match in charge, Handanović was in goal and kept his first clean sheet of the season in the Coppa Italia's third round match against Cittadella, where Inter progressed to the next round thanks to a 4–0 home win.  Handanović started the league season in strong fashion, keeping three clean sheets in the first four league matches. On 20 October, during the league encounter against Torino, he received his second-ever career red card for a foul on Alessio Cerci in the 5th minute; Inter however endured and drew 3–3. On 15 December, Handanović saved his first penalty as a "Nerazzurri" keeper in a 4–2 away loss against Napoli, saving a Goran Pandev penalty in the second half.  During the 2013–14 season, Inter returned to European competition after a year long absence, finishing fifth in the league with 60 points. He played as a starter in Javier Zanetti's last competitive match at San Siro, in which Inter defeated Lazio 4–1 to secure a place in Europa League play-offs for the next season. Handanović managed 14 clean sheets in 36 appearances during the Serie A season, and conceded 32 goals.

2014–15 season.

Inter opened the 2014–15 Serie A season with a disappointing goalless draw against Torino, with Handanović stopping a penalty kick from Marcelo Larrondo. After saving his last five Serie A penalties faced, Handanović saved from Yevhen Konoplyanka of Dnipro Dnipropetrovsk on 27 November 2014 in a game which Inter won to confirm top spot in their Europa League group with one game remaining. That was also his 100th appearance with "Nerazzurri" in all competitions.  Handanović played his 100th league match with Inter on 19 April 2015 in the Derby della Madonnina against Milan, keeping his goal intact as the match ended goalless. He ended his third season with Inter by playing 40 matches in all competitions, including 37 in Serie A, as Inter finished in eighth place, again failing to qualify for European competition. Handanović obtained 11 clean sheets in Serie A, the third-highest total in Serie A. Handanović also managed to have a shot-to-save ratio of better than 67 percent.  At the end of the season, it was reported that Handanović was the target of Premier League side Manchester United, but his agent turned down this opportunity by saying that his client will not move to the club.

2015–16 season.

Inter Milan commenced the 2015–16 season with a 1–0 home win against Atalanta, where Handanović kept his first clean-sheet of the season. On 27 September 2015, in his 300th Serie A match, against Fiorentina, Handanović made perhaps his worst appearance by giving away a 3rd-minute penalty scored by Josip Iličić, later being beaten three times by Nikola Kalinić in an eventual 1–4 loss. The loss ended Inter's undefeated streak of the 2015–16 season. After the match, Handanović told the reporters that it was his fault for the way the match ended.  On 27 October, during the match against Bologna, Handanović made a crucial save by stopping a Mattia Destro shot in 94th minute to help Inter win 0–1 away at the Stadio Renato Dall'Ara. That was his sixth clean sheet in ten matches, and first win since one loss and three consecutive draws. He later dubbed it as his favourite save of the season. Four days later, in a match against Roma, Handanović was again decisive for his team, making nine saves, including a quadruple save in the 62nd minute, helping Inter to win the match 1–0 and to take the lead of the league with 24 points. He was selected Man of the Match for his performance.  Handanović ended 2015 with 26 decisive saves, 11 clean-sheets and only 11 goals conceded, like no other goalkeeper in Serie A. Inter also ended 2015 at the top of the league.  Handanović agreed a contract extension until 2019, which was confirmed on 5 January 2016. Handanović began the new year with a clean-sheet in the team's 0–1 away win over Empoli, making several good saves throughout the match. On 16 January 2016, during an away match against Atalanta, Handanović was awarded the Man of the Match for an "outstanding" performance, as he made some fine saves. His save in the 61st minute, where he managed to stop Luca Cigarini's effort from point-blank range with his trailing foot, was deemed "save of the season" by European media.  Inter ended the 2015–16 season in fourth position, returning in UEFA Europa League after one-year absence. Handanović managed 111 saves and 15 clean sheets in 36 appearances during the Serie A season, and conceded 34 goals. He called "a shame" the failure to secure a spot in UEFA Champions League for the next season.

2016–17 season.

Handanović started his fifth Inter Milan season on 21 August in the 2–0 away lose to Chievo. He made his 150th Serie A appearance for Inter on 25 September in the 1–1 home draw against Bologna. On 2 October, during the 2–1 defeat at Roma, Handanović made several saves, including one against Edin Džeko in the 86th minute which was hailed as the "save of the year" by the media. He captained Inter for the first time on 19 February of the following year in his 193rd appearance, taking the armband following Rodrigo Palacio's substitution and keeping a clean sheet in the 1–0 win over Bologna at Stadio Renato Dall'Ara.

2017–18 season.

On 1 December 2017, Handanović signed a new contract until June 2021. Eight days later, he was named Man of the Match after an impressive performance at Juventus, helping Inter to earn a goalless draw and to keep them undefeated after 16 Serie A weeks. He played his 200th Serie A match for Inter on 30 December in the goalless draw against Lazio which ended the first part of the season. Handanović's 400th overall Serie A match came on 17 April 2018, keeping a clean-sheet, his 7th in last 8 matches, in the 4–0 home win versus Cagliari in round 33. He finished 2017–18 season by being ever-present in league, playing in every minute as Inter finished fourth, meaning they will play in Champions League for the first time in six years. With 17 clean-sheets, Handanović was ranked second along with Roma's Alisson in the clean-sheets list, equaling his personal best set in 2011–12 season. He conceded only 30 goals, his lowest tally since debuting in Serie A (including seasons where he has played 30 or more games).

2018–19 season.

Handanović made his Champions League debut with Inter in their opening group stage match against Tottenham Hotspur. This match was also his 250th appearance for the "Nerazzurri" in all competitions. In the first part of 2018–19 Serie A, he was able to collect 10 clean-sheets in 19 matches, most than any other goalkeeper in the league, and second only behind Liverpool's Alisson in Europe top five leagues; in addition, he also had 4th best save success rate.  On 13 February 2019, Inter announced via their official Twitter account that Handanović has been named new team captain, replacing Mauro Icardi. On 7 March, in the 0–0 draw against Eintracht Frankfurt in the first leg of 2018–19 UEFA Europa League round of 16, Handanović kept his 100th clean sheet on his 281st official appearance for the Nerazzurri. As the season progressed, Handanović reached another landmark, as the clean sheet he achieved in the 4–0 away win against Genoa, the first since December 2011, was his 150th in Serie A.  In the final match of the championship, he played a vital role in Inter's 2–1 home win over Empoli, making two decisive stoppage time saves to deny the visitors the equaliser. His saves proved decisive for Inter, who earned another Champions League spot for the next season while Empoli was relegated back to Serie B. Before the match, he was awarded the Serie A Goalkeeper of the Year award for the third time in his career. Handanović concluded his seventh season at Inter by being ever-present in league, playing in all 38 matches and keeping 17 clean-sheets, more than any other goalkeeper. With 17 clean-sheets, he also equalled the club's all-time record for most clean-sheets in a single Serie A season, which had previously been set by Júlio César in the 2009–10 Treble-winning season.

2019–20 season.

Handanović begun his first full season as Inter captain on 26 August by keeping a clean-sheet in the 4–0 home win over newly promoted side Lecce; by doing so, he achieved his 200th Serie A victory. On 25 September, he made his 300th appearance for the club in a 1–0 home win against Lazio, the fifth in five matches, also making three important saves in the first half. His performance in the match earned the praise of the team's manager Antonio Conte, who said that Handanović "made the difference". In the match-day seven encounter against rivals and title favourites Juventus, Handanović made his 450th appearance in Serie A (182 for Udinese, 3 for Treviso, 1 for Lazio, and 264 for Inter) as Inter suffered a 2–1 defeat at San Siro, losing the top spot in the league to the Turin side. Later that month, he was nominated for the inaugural Lev Yashin award, the Ballon d'Or of goalkeepers. His first UEFA Champions League clean-sheet of his career came on 23 October, in a 2–0 home win over German side Borussia Dortmund, in the third group match of the competition. On 6 December, in the goalless draw against Roma, Handanović reached another milestone, as his clean-sheet in the match was his 100th in Serie A for Inter.

International career.

Beginnings.

He made his debut for national team on 17 November 2004 in a friendly match against Slovakia, which ended in a goalless draw. Handanović was a regular member of the team during the 2006 FIFA World Cup qualifying campaign, being used mostly as a back-up for the veteran Borut Mavrič. However, in the second part of the qualifiers, he managed to play four matches, first being the 1–1 home draw against Belarus on 30 March 2005, failing to keep a clean-sheet, as Slovenia finished the Group 5 in 4th position with 12 points, failing to secure a spot in the final tournament. Lost 2 goals in the lost final of Cyprus International Football Tournaments 2006 from Romania.  On 26 May 2008, Handanović captained Slovenia for the first time in his 23rd cap during the friendly match against Sweden, who won the match at Gamla Ullevi thanks to a Tobias Linderoth goal.  Ahead of UEFA Euro 2008 qualifying, Handanović was again the second-choice, with Borut Mavrič retained his spot. He played only in the first three qualifying matches, before retiring from the national team. Handanović was successful in his first qualifying match, as Slovenia earned a goalless draw away against Albania. He played in the remaining 8 matches, keeping his goal intact in 3 of them, as Slovenia ended its qualifying campaign in the penultimate spot with 11 points.

2010 World Cup, Euro 2016 qualifying and retirement.

Handanović was ever-presented in the 2010 FIFA World Cup qualifying, playing every single minute of the qualifying campaign. Slovenia began the qualifiers with a 1–1 away draw against Poland, where Handanović was beaten in 17th minute to a Michał Żewłakow penalty kick.  In May 2010, Handanović was named in Slovenia's final list of 23 players to represent the country at the 2010 FIFA World Cup. Slovenia was placed in Group C with Algeria, England and the United States. In the team's opening match against Algeria, Handanović debuted for the first time in a major tournament, keeping a clean sheet as Slovenia managed to win 0–1 at Peter Mokaba Stadium to grab their first three points. In the next match, against the U.S. at Ellis Park Stadium, Slovenia was leading 2–0 at half time, but in the second half Handanović was beaten by Landon Donovan and Michael Bradley, with the match finishing 2–2.  On 18 November 2015, Handanović announced his retirement from the national team after Slovenia failed to qualify for UEFA Euro 2016, crashing out with a 3–1 aggregate defeat to Ukraine in the play-offs. Handanović ended his 11-year international career with 81 caps for Slovenia, being the most capped goalkeeper and one of the most capped players of all time; his starting position was taken over by Jan Oblak.

Style of play.

Despite his large stature and imposing physique, which make him effective at handling crosses and a commanding presence inside the box, Handanović is an extremely agile and athletic goalkeeper, who is renowned in particular for his outstanding reflexes, acrobatic saves and excellent shot-stopping abilities, as well as his positional sense, leadership, and ability to organise his defence. Although he was not initially known for being particularly adept with the ball at his feet, during his time under managers Roberto Mancini and Luciano Spalletti, he was also able to improve his ability to play out and start attacks from the back, and successfully adapted to the team's more patient build-up play, while also allowing the team to maintain a high line; his change in playing style also continued under Inter's subsequent manager Antonio Conte, under whom he further developed his control and distribution of the ball, and often acted as a sweeper-keeper.  Regarded as one of the best goalkeepers in Europe and Italy due to his performances, he is also known for his speed off his line and anticipation as a goalkeeper – which enables him to clear the ball away from danger –, as well as his ability to get to ground quickly to parry or collect the ball, attributes which also make him particularly adept at stopping spot-kicks; as a result, he has developed a reputation as an exceptional penalty-kick saving specialist, having stopped an Italian record of six consecutive penalties between 2013 and 2015.  With 24 saves, he shares the record of most penalties stopped in Serie A with Gianluca Pagliuca although Handanović has a superior success rate. Former Inter goalkeeper Giuliano Sarti has also praised Handanović for his consistency. In a 2016 interview, Handanović stated that his main influences as a goalkeeper were his cousin Jasmin Handanović and Peter Schmeichel. In 2020, Pasquale Marino described Handanović as "one of the best goalkeepers in the world."

Personal life.

Handanović's parents are from Bosnia and Herzegovina. His elder cousin, Jasmin Handanović, also embarked on a career in Italy from 2007 to 2011 and currently plays for Maribor in the Slovenian PrvaLiga and was also a member of the Slovenian national team. Handanović is in a long-standing relationship with Zoja Trobec, former KK Olimpija cheerleader, with whom he has a son Alen, born on 19 January 2011. The pair married in May 2012 and Handanović thus became brother-in-law to Zoja's sister Irena who is married to professional Bosnian basketball player Jasmin Hukić. On 3 October 2013, Handanović's wife gave birth to the couple's second son, named Ian.

Career statistics.

International.

Source:

Honours.

Individual

Samir Handanović (; ; born 14 July 1984) is a Slovenian professional footballer who plays as a goalkeeper for Italian club Inter Milan, for whom he serves as captain.

萨米尔·汉达诺维奇(Samir Handanovič,1984年-7月14日)是一名斯洛文尼亚足球运动员,担任守门员,现时效力意甲球会国际米兰,他是雅斯明.汉达诺维奇的堂弟。


Biography.

Early career.

Cai was born in Shanghai to Cantonese parents, but raised in Chaoyang, Guangdong. He only had four years of formal education, and was home-schooled after he had spoken up for his class about the misbehavior of a teacher. While home-schooled, he studied Confucianism and practiced calligraphy and painting. Cai Chusheng initially worked in low-level positions in several small studios during the 1920s, before eventually joining Mingxing Film Company as a director's assistant to Zheng Zhengqiu, another Chaoyang-native. Cai later joined the Lianhua Film Company where he directed a handful of mainstream popular films including "Spring in the South" and "Pink Dream" (both 1932). He would not cement his reputation as a leading leftist filmmaker until after the Japanese attack in 1932, when Cai, like many of his colleagues, shifted towards increasingly progressive or leftist filmmaking. This shift can be seen in output after 1932, including the class-struggle dramas "Dawn Over the Metropolis" (1933), "Song of the Fishermen" (1934), and the proto-feminist "New Women" (1934), which starred Ruan Lingyu. "Song of the Fishermen", for example, was a major box office success in Shanghai where it played for 87 days, and it would also become the first Chinese film to win an international prize, doing so at the Moscow International Film Festival.

Hong Kong and wartime.

During the war, Cai fled first to Hong Kong, where he helped launch Mandarin-language cinema with Situ Huimin. In Hong Kong, Cai would also direct two films, including an anti-Japanese thriller. Cai was also a pioneer in making films in local dialects, and the first to make movies in Cantonese. He also made movies in Chaozhou dialect. When Hong Kong fell to the Japanese, Cai fled to Chongqing, China's wartime capital, where he joined the government-run Nationalist Central Film Studio.

Post-war career.

Cai's post-war career saw him returning to Shanghai and becoming a leading member of the Lianhua Film Society (later incorporated as the Kunlun Film Company). His collaboration with Zheng Junli "The Spring River Flows East" (1947) also proved to be a major film and popular success in the brief "Second Golden Age" of Cinema that followed the end of the Second World War. Following the Communist revolution, Cai worked mainly in major government administrative tasks. He also actively involved in promoting Chinese film industry and also formed an organization to monitor the quality of movies and to recognize talented artists in the industry. He did make one major post-1949 film, "Waves on the Southern Shore" (1963).

Death and legacy.

As the Cultural Revolution began to gain momentum in the late 1960s, Cai Chusheng, like many artists and intellectuals, became the target of persecution. Cai was forced to self-criticize and admit his mistakes in writing. Cai was tortured which had led to his early death in 1968. His ashes are now placed at the Babaoshan Revolutionary Cemetery. The house where Cai spent his youth is now a museum which is designated by the Chinese government as a certified historical attraction. Cai is honored from time to time at major events like the World Expo 2010 and film festivals.  In Stanley Kwan's 1991 biopic of Ruan Lingyu, "Center Stage", Cai Chusheng is portrayed by Hong Kong actor Tony Leung Ka Fai. Ruan was one of the Chinese most prominent actress. This film is about Cai's controversial romance with Ruan. Ruan had committed suicide at the age of 24 due to the news media's irresponsible criticism. Cai condemned the press, which had sparked a ripple effect to raise awareness for responsible conduct in the media. Cai was also very active in promoting the social status and literacy of women—when he had time available, he would teach classes to Chinese women to improve their literacy.

Cai Chusheng (January 12, 1906 – July 15, 1968) was a Chinese film director of the pre-Communist era, and was the first Chinese director to win an international film award at the Moscow International Film Festival. Best known for his progressive output in the 1930s, Cai Chusheng was later severely persecuted and died during the Cultural Revolution. His ashes are kept at the Babaoshan Revolutionary Cemetery in Beijing.

蔡楚生(1906年-1月12日-1968年-7月15日),原名蔡通,字茂楚,男,广东潮阳人,中国电影导演。中国人民政治协商会议第一届全体会议代表,第一、二、三届全国人大代表。


History.

The French word "tarte" can be translated to mean either pie or tart, as both are mainly the same with the exception of a pie usually covering the filling in pastry, while flans and tarts leave it open.  Tarts are thought to have either come from a tradition of layering food, or to be a product of Medieval pie making. Enriched dough (i.e. short crust) is thought to have been first commonly used in 1550, approximately 200 years after pies. In this period, they were viewed as high-cuisine, popular with nobility, in contrast to the view of a commoners pie. While originally savoury, with meat fillings, culinary tastes led to sweet tarts to prevail, filling tarts instead with fruit and custard. Early medieval tarts generally had meat fillings, but later ones were often based on fruit and custard.  An early tart was the Italian crostata, dating to at least the mid-15th century. It has been described as a "rustic free-form version of an open fruit tart".

Description.

Tarts are typically free-standing with firm pastry base consisting of dough, itself made of flour, thick filling, and perpendicular sides while pies may have softer pastry, looser filling, and sloped sides, necessitating service from the pie plate.

Varieties.

There are many types of tarts, with popular varieties including Treacle tart, meringue tart, tarte tatin and Bakewell tart. A "jam tart" uses jam in place of fresh fruit.  "Tarte Tatin" is an upside-down tart, of apples, other fruit, or onions.  Savoury tarts include quiche, a family of savoury tarts with a mostly custard filling; German Zwiebelkuchen 'onion tart', and Swiss cheese tart made from Gruyere.

A tart is a baked dish consisting of a filling over a pastry base with an open top not covered with pastry. The pastry is usually shortcrust pastry; the filling may be sweet or savoury, though modern tarts are usually fruit-based, sometimes with custard. Tartlet refers to a miniature tart; an example would be egg tarts. The categories of "tart", "flan", "quiche", and "pie" overlap, with no sharp distinctions.

挞(英语:tart,普通话标准读音为tà,但口语中几乎都读作tǎ)是一种烤焗食品,属于西式馅饼的一个种类,特征是馅料外露。所使用的外皮大多是挞皮(Shortcrust pastry)。馅料可以是甜的或者是咸味的,甜的一般是使用水果,有时以奶黄做为馅料。 Tartlet这个字则代表的是比较小的挞。比较著名的挞类食物包括蛋挞。


History.

As a student, Munroe often drew charts, maps, and "stick figure battles" in the margins of his school notebooks, besides solving mathematical problems unrelated to his classes. By the time he graduated from college, Munroe's "piles of notebooks" became too large and he started scanning the images.  "xkcd" began in September 2005, when Munroe decided to scan his doodles and put them on his personal website. According to Munroe, the comic's name has no particular significance and is simply a four-letter word without a phonetic pronunciation, something he describes as "a treasured and carefully guarded point in the space of four-character strings." In January 2006, the comic was split off into its own website, created in collaboration with Derek Radtke.  In May 2007, the comic garnered widespread attention by depicting online communities in geographic form. Various websites were drawn as continents, each sized according to their relative popularity and located according to their general subject matter. This put "xkcd" at number two on the Syracuse "Post-Standard"'s "The new hotness" list. By 2008, "xkcd" was able to financially support Munroe and Radtke "reasonably well" through the sale of multiple thousand T-shirts per month.  On September 19, 2012, "Click and Drag" was published, which featured a panel which can be explored via clicking and dragging its insides. It immediately triggered positive response on social websites and forums. The large image nested in the panel measures 165,888 pixels wide by 79,822 pixels high. Munroe later described it as "probably the most popular one I ever put on the Internet", as well as placing it among his own favorites.  "Time" began publication at midnight EDT on March 25, 2013, with the comic's image updating every 30 minutes until March 30, when they began to change every hour, lasting for over four months. The images constitute time lapse frames of a story, with the tooltip originally reading "Wait for it.", later changed to "RUN." and changed again to "The end." on July 26. The story began with a male and female character building a sandcastle complex on a beach who then embark on an adventure to learn the secrets of the sea. On July 26, the comic superimposed a frame (3094) with the phrase "The End". Tasha Robinson of "The A.V. Club" wrote of the comic: "<nowiki>[...]</nowiki> the kind of nifty experiment that keeps people coming back to XKCD, which at its best isn't a strip comic so much as an idea factory and a shared experience". Cory Doctorow mentioned "Time" in a brief article on "Boing Boing" on April 7, saying the comic was "coming along nicely". The 3,099-panel "Time" comic ended on July 26, 2013, and was followed by a blog post summarizing the journey. In 2014, it won the Hugo Award in the Best Graphic Story category.  Around 2007, Munroe drew all the comics on paper, then scanned and processed them on a tablet computer (a Fujitsu Lifebook). As of 2014, he was using a Cintiq graphics tablet for drawing (like many other cartoonists), alongside a laptop for coding tasks.

Influences.

Munroe has been a fan of newspaper comic strips since childhood, describing "xkcd" as an "heir" to Charles M. Schulz's "Peanuts". Despite this influence, "xkcd"s quirky and technical humor would have been difficult to syndicate in newspapers. In webcomics, Munroe has said that "one can draw something that appeals to 1 percent of the audience—1 percent of United States, that is three million people, that is more readers than small cartoons can have." Munroe cited the lack of a need for editorial control due to the low bar of access to the Internet as "a salvation."

Recurring themes.

While there is no specific storyline to the webcomic, there are some recurring themes and characters. Recurring themes of "xkcd" include "technology, science, mathematics and relationships." "xkcd" frequently features jokes related to popular culture, such as "Guitar Hero", Facebook, Vanilla Ice, and Wikipedia.  There are many strips opening with the words "My Hobby:", usually depicting the nondescript narrator character describing some type of humorous or quirky behavior. However, not all strips are intended to be humorous. Romance and relationships are frequent themes, and other "xkcd" strips consist of complex depictions of landscapes. Many "xkcd" strips refer to Munroe's "obsession" with potential "Velociraptor" attacks.  References to Wikipedia articles or to Wikipedia as a whole have occurred several times in "xkcd". A facsimile of a made-up Wikipedia entry for "malamanteau" (a stunt word created by Munroe to poke fun at Wikipedia's writing style) provoked a controversy within Wikipedia that was picked up by various media. Another strip depicted an example of a topic that Wikipedia could not cover neutrally—a fictional donation to either anti-abortion or abortion-rights activists, determined by the word count in a Wikipedia article on the event where the donation was announced being either odd or even.  All "xkcd" strips have a tooltip (specified using the codice_1 attribute in HTML), the text of which usually contains a secondary punchline or annotation related to that day's comic.  One of the only recurring characters is a man wearing a flat black hat. He is extremely sociopathic, and has dedicated his life to causing confusion and harm to others just for his own entertainment. He has no name, so most characters just call him "Black Hat" or "Black Hat Guy". He gained a girlfriend, commonly named "Danish" by the community, during the course of a small series called "Journal", who is just as cruel as he is.  One of the few other recurring characters is a man with a beret, sometimes simply referred to as "Beret Guy". He seems to be naive, obsessed with bakeries, optimistic, completely out of touch with reality. He also has magical abilities. He runs a startup that makes incredible amounts of money, despite his not even knowing what they do. In one instance, he hired Lin-Manuel Miranda as an engineer and, in another instance, sprouted literal "endless wings".  Geographical maps, their various different formats and creation methods are a frequently recurring theme in the comic. On occasion these maps have been mentioned by analysts due to their imaginative or original presentation of figures or statistics. In the comic "2016 Election Map", colored stick figures are used to display how people voted according to their region giving a clearer picture of how people voted in the 2016 election. Alan Cole, a student at the University of Pennsylvania's Wharton School, critically analyzed the map, concluding that it is the most elegant and informative he has seen.  Spiders have also featured frequently in xkcd, almost always in a negative light. This began very early, with the 8th xkcd comic, Red Spiders, which began a series showing the arachnids attacking humans. Other comics related to spiders include Ballooning, Coronavirus Name, Cirith Ungol, and a number of others, and his related "What-If" articles have featured terrifying machines that resemble spiders. Munroe has said he dislikes eating lobster, considered by most people a delicacy, because to him it is too similar to eating spiders.

Inspired activities.

On several occasions, fans have been motivated by Munroe's comics to carry out the subject of a particular drawing or sketch offline. Some notable examples include:

Awards and recognition.

"xkcd" has been recognized at various award ceremonies. In the 2008 Web Cartoonists' Choice Awards, the webcomic was nominated for "Outstanding Use of the Medium", "Outstanding Short Form Comic", and "Outstanding Comedic Comic", and it won "Outstanding Single Panel Comic". "xkcd" was voted "Best Comic Strip" by readers in the 2007 and 2008 Weblog Awards. The webcomic was nominated for a 2009 NewNowNext Award in the category "OMFG Internet Award".  Randall Munroe was nominated for the Hugo Award for Best Fan Artist in both 2011 and 2012, and he won a Hugo Award for Best Graphic Story in 2014, for "Time".

Books.

On September 2009, Munroe released a book, entitled "xkcd: volume 0", containing selected "xkcd" comics. The book was published by breadpig, under a Creative Commons license, CC BY-NC 3.0, with all of the publisher's profits donated to Room to Read to promote literacy and education in the developing world. Six months after release, the book had sold over 25,000 copies. The book tour in New York City and Silicon Valley was a fundraiser for Room to Read that raised $32,000 to build a school in Salavan Province, Laos.  In October 2012, "xkcd: volume 0" was included in the Humble Bundle eBook Bundle. It was available for download only to those who donated higher than the average donated for the other eBooks. The book was released DRM-free, in two different-quality PDF files.  On March 12, 2014, Munroe announced the book "". The book was released on September 2, 2014. The book expands on the "What If?" blog on the "xkcd" website. On May 13, 2015, Munroe announced a new book entitled "Thing Explainer". Eventually released on November 24, 2015, "Thing Explainer" is based on the "xkcd" strip "Up Goer Five" and only uses the thousand most commonly used words to explain different scientific devices.  On February 5, 2019, Munroe announced a fourth book, titled "", which uses math and science to find the worst possible solutions to everyday problems. It was released on September 3, 2019.

References.

Primary sources.

In the text these references are preceded by a double dagger (‡):

xkcd, sometimes styled XKCD, is a webcomic created in 2005 by American author Randall Munroe. The comic's tagline describes it as "A webcomic of romance, sarcasm, math, and language". Munroe states on the comic's website that the name of the comic is not an initialism, but "just a word with no phonetic pronunciation".

xkcd是由兰德尔·门罗创作的网络漫画。作者对其的描述是“关于浪漫、讽刺、数学和语言的网络漫画”。曾获得网络漫画家选择奖等奖项。是目前欧美较为流行的网络科学漫画。


Biography.

Fei Mu's ancestral hometown is Suzhou, Jiangsu Province. He was born in Shanghai, China in 1906. Before becoming a director, he worked as an assistant of the film pioneer Hou Yao.  Known for his artistic style and costume dramas, Fei made his first film, "Night in the City" (1933), produced by the Lianhua Film Company), at the young age of 27, and he was met with both critical and popular acclaim; the film is now lost. Continuing to make films with Lianhua, Fei directed films throughout the 1930s and became a major talent in the industry, with films like "Blood on Wolf Mountain" (1936) which is often seen as an allegory on the war with Japan, and "Song of China" (also 1935), a glorification of traditional values that was part of the New Life Movement. Later, "Song of China" became one of the few films that had a limited release in the United States.  Fei's legacy as one of China's greatest directors was sealed with "Spring in a Small Town" (1948) about a love triangle in post-war China (it was later remade by Tian Zhuangzhuang in 2002 as "Springtime in a Small Town"). Director Wong Kar-wai called him the only film poet he knew in China. In 2005, "Spring in a Small Town" was declared the greatest Chinese film ever made by the Hong Kong Film Critics Society. Fei remained active in this so-called "Second Golden Age" and also directed China's first color film "A Wedding in the Dream" (1948), which incorporated Beijing Opera and starred Mei Lanfang. Following the Communist revolution in 1949, Fei Mu, along with many other artists and intellectuals fled to Hong Kong. There he founded Longma Film Company ("Dragon-Horse Films") with Zhu Shilin and Fei Luyi and produced (under the Longma name) Zhu Shilin's "The Flower Girl" (1951).  Following his death from a heart attack in Hong Kong in 1951 while working at his morning desk, Fei Mu and his work temporarily fell into obscurity, as much of his filmography was forgotten or ignored on the Mainland and rejected by leftists as indicative of rightist ideologies. It was not until the 1980s, when the China Film Archive re-opened after being closed down during the Cultural Revolution, did Fei Mu's work find a new audience. Most significant was a new print made by the China Film Archive from the original negative of "Spring in a Small Town".

Fei Mu (October 10, 1906—January 31, 1951), also romanised as Fey Mou, was a Chinese film director of the pre-Communist era. His "Spring in a Small Town" (1948) was declared the greatest Chinese film ever made by the Hong Kong Film Critics Society.

费穆(1906年-10月10日-1951年-1月31日)是一位中国电影导演,曾任联华影业公司导演,代表作《小城之春》,开启了中国诗化电影的先河。


History.

In 1864 Russian ethnographer and linguist P. K. Uslar wrote: "Kazikumukh grammar or as I called it for short in the native language, the Lak grammar, Lakku maz, the Lak language, is ready".  In 1890, P. K. Uslar compiled a textbook on Lak grammar titled "The Lak Language". It stated under the title "Lak alphabet": "The proposed alphabet is written for people who name themselves collectively Lak, genitive Lakral. From among these people each one is named separately Lakkuchu 'Lakian man', the woman – Lakkusharssa 'Lakian woman'. Their homeland they name Lakral kIanu – 'Lak place'."  Lak has throughout the centuries adopted a number of loanwords from Arabic, Turkish, Persian, and Russian. Ever since Dagestan was part of the Soviet Union and later Russia, the largest portion of loanwords have come from Russian, especially political and technical vocabulary. There is a newspaper and broadcasting station in Lak.  In accordance with the Constitution of the Republic of Dagestan of 1994, Lak was named as the state language along with Russian and some other major languages spoken in Dagestan (about 20 local languages are unwritten and have no official status). Lak is used as a teaching tool in elementary school and taught as a subject in secondary schools, vocational schools and universities. There is a Lak newspaper, "Ilchi".  The standard Lak language is based on the dialect of the city of Kumukh. This city should not be confused with the Kumyk ethnic group, a Turkic people also present in the Caucasus. Lak has the following dialects: Kumukh, Vitskhi, Arakul, Balkhar, Shadni, Shalib, Vikhli, Kuli, and Kaya.  Initially Lak by lexicon was found to be close to Dargin and the two were often combined in one Lak–Dargin subgroup of Dagestani languages. However, further research has led linguists to conclude that this association was weak.

Phonology.

Vowels.

Five vowels are presented as [a, e, i, o, u].

Grammar.

Lak is one of the few North East Caucasian languages with verbal agreement for person. It generally only distinguishes only between speech-act participants and non-speech-act participants. In other words, the first- and second-person agreement markers are the same.  The free pronouns of Lak do distinguish first and second person.

Writing systems.

The Lak language was written using the Arabic script until 1928. Afterwards it was written with a Latin alphabet for ten years, and since 1938 it has been written in Cyrillic.  The Lak alphabet in Cyrillic initially included 48 letters and later 54 letters with double letters as "тт", "пп", "чч", "хьхь", etc.:

The Lak language (лакку маз, "lakːu maz") is a Northeast Caucasian language forming its own branch within this family. It is the language of the Lak people from the Russian autonomous republic of Dagestan, where it is one of six standardized languages. It is spoken by about 157,000 people.

拉克语(西里尔字母:лакку маз,拉丁字母:lakːu maz,通称Lak),高加索语系东北语支,俄罗斯达吉斯坦共和国的六种标准语言之一,主要由境内南部的拉克人讲拉克语,母语人口约15万。


History.

The first known bishop of Cefalù was Nicetas who, in 869, assisted at the Eighth General Council held at Constantinople for the trial of Photius. Marzo Ferro believes that the diocese was founded in the fifth century. Following Nicetas, the Arab occupation of Sicily made the regular election of bishops impossible. When Roger I of Sicily, rebuilt the city, Iocelmo was bishop. A confirmation of the privileges of the Church of Cefalù, granted by King Martin and Queen Maria on 10 June 1392, names King Roger as the "ecclesiae ejusdem fundator" (founder of that Church).  The Cathedral of the Holy Saviour was planned and begun under orders of King Roger in 1131. The mosaics were commissioned by King Roger in 1148. The basilica was consecrated on 10 April 1267, by Cardinal Rodolfo, Bishop of Albano, the Papal Legate. From its beginning the cathedral was served by a chapter which followed the rule of S. Augustine (O.S.A.). In 1671, however, under Bishop Giovanni Roano e Carrionero, the Chapter was converted by Pope Clement X into a corporation of secular priests. In accordance with Pope Clement's bull, the Chapter was composed of four dignities (Dean, Archdeacon, Cantor and Theologian) and eight Canons.  In the century between 1276 and 1376, for which there happens to be documentary evidence, the city of Cefalù saw its population drop from c. 11,000 to c. 2000. The Black Death no doubt played a major role in that catastrophe, though the Sicilian Vespers (which began in 1282) played a part.  On 5 March 1823 a major earthquake and a significant aftershock struck the entire northern coast of the island of Sicily. At Cefalù there was a tsunami that washed boats out to sea. The "Gazzetta di Genoa" reported that the upper part of the campanile of the convent of S. Francesco had fallen, and the convent of S. Pasquale had been destroyed, but that there had been no loss of life.  A well-known native son of the diocese of Cefalù was Cardinal Mariano Rampolla del Tindaro, who was born in the village of Polizzi. Rampolla was Pope Leo XIII's Secretary of State, and was the leading candidate to succeed him in the Conclave of 1903. Rampolla was vetoed, however, by the government of Franz Joseph I of Austria.

Bishops of Cefalù.

"Latin rite: Erected: 1131"

The Diocese of Cefalù () is a Roman Catholic ecclesiastical territory in Sicily, southern Italy. It is a suffragan of the Archdiocese of Palermo.

天主教切法卢教区(、)是天主教会在意大利的一个教区。属巴勒莫总教区。


History.

The diocese of Patti had an ancient precursor, the diocese of Tyndaris. Three of its bishops are known by name:  There was also a predecessor in the form of a Diocese of Lipari, which appears to have become extinct, perhaps due to Saracen raids in the 9th century. The bishops known by name are:  The importance of Patti grew, however, when Duke Robert Guiscard and Count Roger I founded on the island of Lipari Patti a Benedictine abbey, dedicated to Saint Bartholomew, in c. 1085; the abbey was joined to the Abbey of S. Salvatore when it was founded in 1094. On 14 September 1131 Anacletus II, the pope from the double election of 1130 who was recognized in the Kingdom of Sicily, made the monastery of S. Bartholomew in Patti an episcopal see, and at the same time made the Abbey of Lipari an episcopal seat, uniting them in the person of one bishop, who would be consecrated by the Archbishop of Messana. The new See was endowed by King Roger II of Sicily, making it richer than the long established See of Syracuse. Pope Eugenius III in 1157 confirmed the action of Anacletus II.  In 1206, it lost territory to establish the territorial prelature of Santa Lucia del Mela.  Frederick III of Sicily (1295–1337) devastated Patti because the town was a supporter of his Angevin rivals, Robert and Philip of Naples. The French Pope John XXII, who supported the Angevins, laid all of Sicily under an interdict, which lasted from 1321 to 1335, causing severe problems between the Sicilian episcopate and the monarchy.  On 18 April 1399, Lipari and Patti were separated, and the first bishop of the separate see of Patti was Francesco Hermemir. His predecessor, Francesco Gaptulus, continued as Bishop of Lipari.  The Cathedral of S. Bartolommeo in Patti had a Chapter consisting of five dignities and nine Canons.  In 1827 the bishopric gained territory from the Metropolitan Archdiocese of Messina. On 20 May 1844 the diocese exchanged territory with the bishopric of Cefalù.  The diocese had in the early 20th century 49 parishes, 20,000 inhabitants, 5 religious houses of men, and 15 of sisters, conducting 4 institutes for girls and several schools.  Pope John Paul II visited the diocese in June 1988.

Bishops.

Diocese of Patti.

"Erected: 12th Century"

The Roman Catholic Diocese of Patti () is located on the north shore of the island of Sicily. It is a suffragan of the Archdiocese of Messina-Lipari-Santa Lucia del Mela. Its patron saint is Bartholomew the Apostle, in whose honor the Cathedral is named.

天主教帕蒂教区(、)是天主教会在意大利的一个教区。属墨西拿-利帕里岛-圣卢恰德尔梅拉总教区。


Early life.

Hurley was born in Menomonee Falls, Wisconsin. He was brought up by his mother, who worked as a nurse; his father died when he was five. In middle school, his first instrument was the saxophone but in high school he switched to drums after his sister bought him the albums "Ride the Lightning" and "Van Halen". Hurley attended Menomonee Falls High School and played percussion in bands, citing Dave Lombardo as his biggest influence when growing up and Metallica as his favourite band. Eventually, he simultaneously became interested in death metal and crossover thrash, and shortly afterward hardcore punk and metalcore bands such as Earth Crisis. After high school, he attended University of Wisconsin–Milwaukee, double-majoring in anthropology and history, while he played with three bands.

Personal life and views.

Hurley is the only member of Fall Out Boy to remain straight edge. He has been vegan since he was 16. Hurley identifies himself as an anarcho-primitivist, explaining that this means he believes that humans are supposed to live the way they lived prior to 10,000 years ago. When asked about this in the February 2007 issue of "Alternative Press", he said that his career contradicted his beliefs, but at the same time, he had to make a living. Hurley is a CrossFit athlete.

Musical career.

Hurley played in heavy metal and hardcore punk bands including Racetraitor, Killtheslavemaster, Project Rocket, xFor Death or Gloryx, The Kill Pill, and Arma Angelus. In 1999, he was a guest drummer on Vegan Reich's "Jihad" EP.  Hurley joined Fall Out Boy in 2003 after the band's debut mini-LP "Fall Out Boy's Evening Out With Your Girlfriend" and recorded "Take This to Your Grave" (2003). Hurley had been friends with bassist Pete Wentz since he was 16, and he first filled in on a touring position as drummer for Fall Out Boy before joining the band as full-time drummer. Fall Out Boy is the fourth band Hurley has been in with Wentz. With Fall Out Boy, Hurley has achieved major commercial success and toured the world.  Hurley has a record label, Fuck City, which has released music by Misery Signals, Peregrine (led by anarcho-primitivist writer Kevin Tucker), and Auryn.  During Fall Out Boy's hiatus from 2009–2013, Hurley was the drummer for the heavy metal band The Damned Things, which featured members of Anthrax, Fall Out Boy and Every Time I Die and released debut album "Ironiclast". He has also played in the Milwaukee hardcore band Enabler. It released a full album entitled "All Hail The Void" in Summer 2012. Hurley is also part of other rock bands.  In late 2012, Hurley began playing drums in Milwaukee-based straight edge hardcore band, FocusedXMinds. It was rumored that the return of Fall Out Boy would end his time with the band, but Hurley confirmed on Twitter on March 12 that "I am in it for life."  On February 4, 2013, Fall Out Boy unexpectedly announced their return, along with an album and single with which all four members, including Hurley, contributed. April 12 of the same year, the band released a new album entitled, "Save Rock and Roll," featuring the lead single "My Songs Know What You Did in the Dark (Light Em Up)," and dates for a new tour. The band played their first show in over three years on the night of February 4 in Chicago. 'Save Rock and Roll' peaked at No. 1 on the "Billboard" 200, selling 154,000 copies in its first week, becoming the band's 4th consecutive top 10 album. With Fall Out Boy, Hurley toured heavily throughout 2013 and 2014 on the album, selling out arenas worldwide with bands Paramore on the Monumentour. In October 2013, they released a new EP, "PAX AM Days" which they recorded in a two-day session with producer Ryan Adams.  Sixth studio album "American Beauty/American Psycho" was released to become the band's third "Billboard" 200 No. 1 album, debuting with 192,000 first week sales and 218,000 equivalent album units. The album was preceded by the triple Platinum top 10 single "Centuries". "Uma Thurman" was released to mainstream radio on April 14, 2014 and peaked at 22 on the 'Billboard' Top 100, and were certified as Platinum in August 2015.  In 2016 Hurley started a vegan straight edge hardcore band called SECT composed of Chris Colohan (Cursed, Burning Love, Left for Dead and The Swarm) on vocals, James Chang (Catharsis, Undying) and Scott Crouse (Earth Crisis, Path of Resistance) on guitar, and Steve Hart (Day Of Suffering) on bass. They have released two albums so far.  In April 2017, Fall Out Boy released Young and Menace, the lead single for the seventh studio album. The band's seventh album "Mania" was officially released January 19, 2018 and debuted at number one on the Billboard 200, making it the band's third consecutive and fourth chart-topping debut overall.  In 2018 Fall Out Boy headlined Wrigley Field in the band's hometown of Chicago, marking a milestone in their career as their first headline show at a stadium.

Andrew John Hurley (born May 31, 1980) is an American musician. He is the drummer for the rock band Fall Out Boy. Prior to Fall Out Boy, Hurley played in several hardcore punk bands. He joined Fall Out Boy as the full-time drummer in 2003 and was in the band's lineup until its hiatus in 2009. Following that, he formed the heavy metal supergroup The Damned Things with Fall Out Boy guitarist Joe Trohman; the group went on hiatus after its debut album, "Ironiclast" (2010), due to band members focusing on their original bands' new album cycles. Hurley moved on to hardcore punk band Enabler which released a debut album and toured in 2012.

安德鲁·约翰·赫里(Andrew John Hurley,简称:Andy Hurley,1980年-5月31日)是美国庞克摇滚乐团打倒男孩(Fall Out Boy)的鼓手。


History.

Russian PJSC VimpelCom was founded in 1992 in Moscow when VimpelCom's co-founders, Russian Dmitry Zimin and American Augie K. Fabela II came together to pioneer a new direction in the Russian mobile industry - their company was one of the first mobile carriers in Russia. Augie Fabela, who was then a young entrepreneur from the United States, and Zimin, who was a Russian scientist in his fifties, together launched the Beeline brand in 1993. Its name derives from "вымпел", the Russian word for pennon.

New York Stock Exchange.

In 1996, PJSC VimpelCom, then the leader of Moscow cellular market (and automatically the largest mobile operator in Russia), became the first Russian company to have its shares listed on the New York Stock Exchange (with "VIP" as the ticker symbol).  The company's main shareholders are Telenor, a Norwegian telecom conglomerate, and Alfa Group, a vehicle of Russian tycoon Mikhail Fridman, via LetterOne. They have been locked in a years-long struggle for control of this enterprise as well as other telecommunication assets in Eastern Europe.  In 2008, PJSC VimpelCom obtained a 49.9% stake in Euroset, the largest mobile retailer in Russia and the CIS, which formerly belonged to its founder Yevgeny Chichvarkin.

United holding company and NASDAQ.

VimpelCom Ltd. holding company was founded in 2009. In 2009, Telenor and Alfa agreed to merge their assets in VimpelCom and Kyivstar (Ukraine's number one wireless operator) with the aim of creating VimpelCom Ltd. (incorporated in Bermuda).  In October 2010, the united company acquired from Naguib Sawiris two assets:  As of 31 December 2011, the company had 205 million customers across 20 countries. After several divestments and a business transformation, by summer 2017, VEON had a combined subscriber base of more than 200 million across 12 markets.  The company announced that it would switch the listing of its ADS shares from the NYSE to the NASDAQ with trading beginning on 10 September 2013.  In February 2015, the government of Algeria acquired a 51% stake in Djezzy for US$2.6 billion.

2015–present.

In September 2014, VimpelCom agreed to sell its majority stake in Canadian mobile operator Wind Mobile for $272 million to its minority owner Globalive.  In summer 2015, the United States Justice Department claimed that VimpelCom used a network of shell companies and phony consulting contracts to funnel bribes to a close relative of the president of Uzbekistan, in exchange for access to that country's telecommunications market. The board of one part-owner, Norwegian telecom operator Telenor, has severed consulting ties with its former chief executive Jon Fredrik Baksaas due to the continuing police investigation.  In November 2015 the CEO, Jo Lunder was arrested on corruption charges in Oslo, Norway. The case alleges that in exchange for an operating license, VimpelCom has funneled $57.5M to Takilant, a company linked to Gulnara Karimova, the daughter of Uzbek President Islam Karimov.  In February 2016, the Securities and Exchange Commission announced a global settlement along with the U.S. Department of Justice and Dutch regulators that requires telecommunications provider VimpelCom Ltd. to pay more than $795 million to resolve its violations of the Foreign Corrupt Practices Act (FCPA) to win business in Uzbekistan.  In February 2017, VimpelCom renamed itself VEON, named after the messaging platform that it had developed. The company explained that the re-branding was part of a shift towards marketing themselves as a technology company, and not solely a telecommunications firm. In April 2017, VEON announced the listing and trading of shares of VEON on Euronext Amsterdam.  In July 2017, VEON announced launching Personal Internet Platform named VEON in major markets: Italy, Ukraine, Bangladesh, Pakistan and Georgia. The platform provides contextualized, personalized internet experiences and opportunities, enabling customers to call, chat, read, watch, listen and share media, manage account (top up, opt in/out services).  In March 2018, CEO Jean-Yves Charlier resigned and CEO duties were temporarily assumed by VEON's chair, Ursula Burns. Burns was appointed as CEO, while remaining as chairman, in December 2018.  In October 2019, VEON hired former ex-Turkcell CEO Kaan Terzioğlu as COO of VEON Group, together with Sergi Herrero.  In February 2020, Herrero and Terzioğlu were appointed co-CEOs, succeeding Burns.  In June 2020, Gennady Gazin succeeded Burns as chairman.

Owners.

Veon Shareholder Structure:

VEON Ltd. is a multinational telecommunication services company headquartered in Amsterdam, Netherlands. It predominantly operates services in the regions of Asia, Africa and Europe. It is the ninth largest mobile network operator in the world by number of subscribers with 214 million customers. More than half of the company's revenue comes from Russia.

VEON是总部位于荷兰阿姆斯特丹的一家跨国电信公司,主要在亚洲、非洲和欧洲提供服务,它是世界上最大的移动网络运营商之一,用户超过2亿。公司超过一半的收入来自俄罗斯的用户。


Pronunciation.

It is a so-called iotated vowel and typically sounds as in initial or post-vocalic position, something like the English pronunciation of in "yard".  When follows a soft consonant, no sound occurs between the consonant and the vowel.  Exact pronunciation of the vowel sound of depends also on the following sound due to allophony in Slavic languages. Before a soft consonant it is, the near-open front unrounded vowel – like in "cat". If a hard consonant follows, or none, then the result is an open vowel, usually [] – like in "black".  In non-stressed positions the reduction depends on language and dialect. The standard Russian language reduces this vowel to [], but in yakanye dialects does not reduce at all, although other instances of the phoneme (represented with the letter ) do reduce.  In Bulgarian the vowel sound is reduced to in unstressed syllables, and is pronounced in stressed verb and definite article endings.

History.

The letter, known as little jus (, ) originally stood for a front nasal vowel, conventionally transcribed as ę. The history of the letter (in both Church Slavonic and vernacular texts) varies according to the development of this sound in the different areas where Cyrillic was used.  In Serbia, [ę] became [e] at a very early period and the letter ceased to be used, being replaced by e. In Bulgaria the situation is complicated by the fact that dialects differ and that there were different orthographic systems in use, but broadly speaking [ę] became [e] in most positions, but in some circumstances it merged with [ǫ], particularly in inflexional endings, e.g. the third person plural ending of the present tense of certain verbs such as (Modern Bulgarian правят). The letter continued to be used, but its distribution, particularly in regard to the other jusy, was governed as much by orthographical convention as by phonetic value or etymology.  Among the Eastern Slavs, [ę] was denasalised, probably to [æ], which palatalised the preceding consonant; after palatalisation became phonemic, the /æ/ phoneme merged with /a/, and ѧ henceforth indicated /a/ after a palatalised consonant, or else, in initial or post-vocalic position, /ja/. However, Cyrillic already had a character with this function, namely, so that for the Eastern Slavs these two characters were henceforth equivalent. The alphabet in Meletij Smotrickij's grammar of 1619 accordingly lists ""; he explains that is used initially and elsewhere. (In fact he also distinguishes the feminine form of the accusative plural of the third person pronoun from the masculine and neuter.) This reflects the practice of earlier scribes and was further codified by the Muscovite printers of the seventeenth century (and is continued in modern Church Slavonic). However, in vernacular and informal writing of the period, the two letters may be used completely indiscriminately. It was in Russian cursive (skoropis') writing of this time that the letter acquired its modern form: the left-hand leg of was progressively shortened, eventually disappearing altogether, while the foot of the middle leg shifted towards the left, producing the я shape.  In the specimens of the civil script produced for Peter I, forms of and я were grouped together; Peter removed the first two, leaving only я in the modern alphabet, and its use in Russian remains the same to the present day. It was similarly adopted for the standardised orthographies of modern Ukrainian and Belarusian. In nineteenth-century Bulgaria, both Old Cyrillic and civil scripts were used for printing, with я in the latter corresponding to in the former, and there were various attempts to standardise the orthography, of which some, such as the Plovdiv school exemplified by Nayden Gerov, were more conservative, essentially preserving the Middle Bulgarian distribution of the letter, others attempted to rationalise spelling on more phonetic principles, and one project in 1893 proposed abolishing the letter я altogether. By the early twentieth century, under Russian influence, я came to be used for (which is not a reflex of ę in Bulgarian), retaining its use for but was no longer used for other purposes; this is its function today.

Use in loanwords and transcriptions.

In Russian, the letter has little use in loanwords and orthographic transcriptions of foreign words. A notable exception is the use of to transcribe, mostly from Romance languages, German and Arabic. This makes to match [] better than its dark l pronunciation in. is also used to transcribe Romanian, pronounced as.  Although is a distinctive pronunciation of in Russian, the letter is almost never used to transcribe that sound, unlike the use of to approximate close front and central rounded vowels. Nonetheless, is used for Estonian and Finnish – for instance, Pärnu is written in Russian, although the Russian pronunciation does not match the original.

Computing codes.

Unicode provides separate code-points for the Old Cyrillic and civil script forms of this letter. A number of Old Cyrillic fonts developed before the publication of Unicode 5.1 placed Iotified A () at the code points for Ya (Я/я) instead of the Private Use Area, but since Unicode 5.1, Iotified A has been encoded separately from Ya.

Ya (Я я; italics: "Я я") is a letter of the Cyrillic script, the civil script variant of Old Cyrillic Little Yus (). Among modern Slavonic languages, it is used in East Slavic and Bulgarian languages. It is also used in the Cyrillic alphabets used by Mongolian and many Uralic, Caucasian and Turkic languages of the former Soviet Union.

Я, я(称呼为 "ja")是一个西里尔字母。


History.

Founding.

American banking giant, Citicorp, had established an investment arm in 1968 to focus on venture capital investments. By the late 1970s and early 1980s, Citicorp Venture Capital, at that time under the leadership of chairman William T. Comfort, continued to invest in early-stage businesses but also expanded into the emerging leveraged buyout business. CVC Capital Partners was founded in 1981 as the European arm of Citicorp Venture Capital.  Among Citicorp Venture Capital's early employees and in Europe were Jon Moulton, Mike Smith, and Frank Neale. Of the group's original European leadership, most would leave by the late 1980s. Moulton left the firm to co-found Schroder Ventures, the predecessor of Permira, in 1985. Neale also departed to form Phildrew Ventures.

Spinout from Citicorp and the 1990s.

By the early 1990s, Michael Smith, who joined Citicorp in 1982, was leading Citicorp Venture Capital in Europe along with other managing directors Steven Koltes, Hardy McLain, Donald Mackenzie, Iain Parham, and Rolly Van Rappard. In 1993, Smith and the senior investment professionals of Citicorp Venture Capital negotiated a spinout from Citibank to form an independent private equity firm, CVC Capital Partners. In 2006, the US arm of Citigroup Venture Capital also spun out of the bank to form a new firm, known as Court Square Capital Partners. CVC operated offices in London, Paris and Frankfurt.  Following the spinout, CVC raised its first investment fund with $300 million of commitments, half coming from Citicorp and the rest from high-net-worth individuals and institutional investors. Now independent, CVC also completed its transition from venture capital investments to leveraged buyouts and investments in mature businesses. CVC would follow up with its second fund in 1996, its first fully independent of Citibank, with $840 million of capital commitments.

2000s.

By 2000, CVC was one of the largest and best known private equity firms in Europe. In 2001, CVC completed fundraising for its third investment fund, which was the largest private equity fund raised in Europe at the time, just ahead of funds raised by other leading firms, Apax Partners and BC Partners Also, around the same time, CVC expanded into Asia with a $750 million fund focusing exclusively on investments in Asian companies.  From November 2005 to March 2006, CVC gradually purchased 63.4% of the shares of the Formula One Group, owner of the Formula One auto racing championship.  In 2007, CVC expanded to the U.S., opening an office in New York City, headed by Christopher Stadler and overseen by Rolly van Rappard.

2010s.

In 2012, CVC reduced its shares in the Formula One Group to 35.5%. The deputy team principal of Force India, Bob Fernley, accused CVC of "raping the sport" during the period of its involvement in Formula One.  In January 2013, Smith retired from the role of chairman and Koltes, Mackenzie and Van Rappard were appointed co-chairmen of the group.  In February 2015, CVC made its first investment from CVC Growth Partners in Wireless Logic, Europe's largest machine-to-machine managed service provider, acquiring it from ECI Partners  In March 2015, CVC bought 80% of shares of gambling company Sky Betting & Gaming.  In June 2015, CVC acquired the German perfume retailer Douglas AG for an disclosed fee from private equity firm Advent International.  In September 2015, CVC opened an office in Warsaw.  In November 2015, CVC and the Canada Pension Plan Investment Board both acquired American pet supplier Petco for a fee of around $4.6 billion.  In April 2016, CVC Capital Partners acquired German betting operator Tipico.  In August 2016, CVC Capital Partners agreed to buy a 15% stake in PT Siloam International Hospitals TbK, among Indonesia's and South East Asia's largest corporate chains of hospitals  In September 2016, CVC Capital Partners agreed to sell control of the Formula One Group to John Malone’s Liberty Media in a deal worth US$4.4bn. The two-part deal would see the US media group buy 18.7 per cent of the F1 parent company Delta Topco for $746mn in cash from a consortium of shareholders led by CVC. In 2017, a second payment of $354mn in cash and $3.3bn in newly issued shares in a Liberty Media tracking stock will see Liberty Media assume full control of Formula One once the deal is approved by regulators, the FIA and Liberty’s shareholders.  Towards the end of 2019 CVC Capital Partners purchased Ontic from BBA Aviation for $1.365 billion.

Controversies.

In January 2015, CVC Capital Partners and Bencis Capital Partners were sentenced to pay fines by the Dutch Authority for Consumers and Markets after it charged the former Dutch portfolio company of the two firms, Meneba Beheer, with breaking competition rules through price fixing.  The Dutch regulator ruled that the two firms must pay between €450,000 and €1.5 million after Meneba Beheer, which was itself fined €9 million by the authority, was involved in a collective agreement with competitors to keep prices stable between 2001 and 2007.

CVC Capital Partners is a private equity and investment advisory firm with approximately US$111 billion in secured commitments since inception across European and Asian private equity, credit and growth funds. As of 2019, CVC managed US$75 billion of assets, the funds managed or advised by CVC are invested in 73 companies worldwide, employing over 300,000 people in numerous countries. Since 1981, CVC has completed over 300 investments across a wide range of industries and countries. CVC was founded in 1981 and today has over 400 employees working across its network of 24 offices throughout Europe, Asia and the Americas.

CVC Capital Partners 是一家私募股权公司,成立于1981年,在欧洲、亚洲和美国有十八个办公处。


Club career.

Early years / Electroputere Craiova.

Born in Slatina, Romania, Ionel Dănciulescu started playing football in his hometown as a youngster for CSȘ Slatina, and was said to have great potential for striking a ball and to score goals.  In 1993, Dănciulescu joined Electroputere Craiova making his Divizia A debut on 6 October 1993 against the derby rival at that time Universitatea Craiova, which ended 2–2. Over the course of two seasons with Electroputere, he scored 8 goals in 31 league games playing alongside the likes of Ștefan Nanu, Gabriel Popescu, and two other (later teammates at Steaua), Sabin Ilie and Claudiu Răducanu. In 1995, Electroputere Craiova were relegated to the second league. Dănciulescu signed for Dinamo Bucharest and went on to become a promising striker.

Dinamo București.

Having arrived in 1995, Dănciulescu only spent two seasons at Dinamo București, scoring 22 goals in 64 games. However, he did not win any trophies with Dinamo. He left the club for Turkey in 1997.

Altay Izmir.

During the half season of 1997–98, Dănciulescu had a brief spell with Altay in the Turkish Super League. He played there seven games and scoring one goal.

Steaua București.

After returning from Turkey, Dănciulescu decided to join Romanian team Steaua București. He played four seasons with Steaua, scoring 54 goals in 129 league games. In the seasons 1997–98 and 2000–01 Steaua won the championship titles as well as the Romanian Cup in 1998–99 and a Romanian Supercup title in 2001.  In the second part of the season 2001–02 Dănciulescu had a conflict with both Gigi Becali, the boss of Steaua București, and Victor Pițurcă, Steaua's coach, and had to leave along with Ion Vlădoiu.

Return to Dinamo București.

He signed again with Dinamo Bucharest, but at the beginning of this second spell he had probably the hardest in his career as Dinamo's fans were cussing him at games because he played for Steaua and scored against Dinamo. He even played in the second league at that time via Dinamo's satellite team Poiana Câmpina. He came back strong during the 2002–03 season, after he scored 16 goals in 26 games. The fans accepted him and he became the top-scorer of the team along with Claudiu Niculescu. The Romanian press called them the "N&D couple", a nickname inspired from the first letters of their family name and the Romanian pop band "N&D".  In 2004, he was named Romanian Footballer of the Year, after becoming the top goalscorer in the 2003–04 season of Divizia A and scoring 2 goals in 5 matches with the national team. During his second spell with Dinamo, Dănciulescu won the Romanian League in the seasons 2003–04 and 2006–07, and two more Romanian Cups in 2002–03 and 2003–04. As of August 2008 he was the fourth overall goalscorer in the history of the Romanian First Division (with 187 goals), after Dudu Georgescu, Rodion Cămătaru and Marin Radu. He was top scorer in the 2007–08 season, scoring 21 goals for Dinamo Bucharest, which he also captained several times that season.  In the 2007–08 season he became the top goalscorer of Liga I, forming a couple in Dinamo's offence with Florin Bratu. The Romanian press called them "BD in action", a nickname inspired from the first letters of their family name and the Romanian movie "BD in action".

Shandong Luneng.

In 2005, he was loaned out to China side Shandong Luneng, which paid him US$350,000 for 10 months. Dănciulescu scored 10 goals in 25 league games being the top-scorer of the team and helping them to reach the Chinese FA Cup final, where they finished runners-up.

Hércules.

On 1 September 2009, Dănciulescu signed for Spanish side Hércules Alicante in the Segunda División securing a two-year deal. On 19 June 2010, Dănciulescu helped Hércules to promote to La Liga, after a break of 13 years, contributing 10 goals in 25 league games. He also scored two goals in the Spanish Cup against SD Huesca and Almería and became the overall top scorer of the team.

Third spell at Dinamo București.

After only one year with Hércules, his contract was terminated so Dănciulescu came back to Dinamo in July 2010. He became a regular player for Dinamo in Ioan Andone's coaching spell and remained in the first squad in 2011, with Liviu Ciobotariu as manager. On 26 September 2011, he scored his 198th goal in Liga I in a match against Petrolul Ploiești, thus joining Rodion Cămătaru as the second most prolific goalscorer. On 17 October, Ionel Dănciulescu scored his 200th goal in Liga I, during a match against Ceahlăul Piatra Neamț.  In September 2013, Dănciulescu became the most prolific goalscorer in Cupa României after he scored once in a game against Sănătatea Cluj. He reached 41 goals in the competition, passing the record of Florea Voinea.

International career.

Dănciulescu won his first Romania cap on 3 March 1999 against Estonia, in a 2–0 victory. However, he was never in the plans of Victor Pițurcă, the man who brought him on the national team first time against Estonia, and was never called up again, due to the dispute he had with Pițurcă when he was at Steaua. Dănciulescu played seven games including three at the 2006 and 2010 World Cup qualifiers during 2004 and 2009 being called up by Anghel Iordănescu and Răzvan Lucescu.  He played only eight games for Romania, his best match was a friendly one against Germany ended with Romania's victory, 5–1 when he scored his only two goals for Romania.

Honours.

Club.

Steaua București  Dinamo București  Shandong Luneng

Ionel Daniel Dănciulescu (born 6 December 1976) is a Romanian former footballer.

伊奥内尔·丹尼尔·丹丘内斯库(Ionel Daniel Dănciulescu)1976年11月6日出生,罗马尼亚足球运动员,司职前锋,现效力于罗马尼亚国内豪门球队布加勒斯特迪纳摩。


Geography.

Godfrey is located at (38.948097, -90.202886).  According to the 2010 census, Godfrey has a total area of, of which (or 94.55%) is land and (or 5.45%) is water.  The southwestern boundary of the village is a wall of limestone bluffs along the Mississippi River. Approximately upstream is the mouth of the Illinois River. The Missouri River empties into the Mississippi downstream. Godfrey retains the status of a village and is a mixture of small business, agriculture, and upper middle class housing developments.

History.

The village is named for Captain Benjamin Godfrey, a native New Englander, who arrived in the area in 1832. 1838 saw the establishment of the Monticello Female Seminary, later renamed Monticello College. Captain Godfrey, the father of eight daughters, was an advocate of higher education for women and made a large donation of funds and land for the college. Monticello operated as a two-year college for women until the campus was sold in 1970 to establish Lewis and Clark Community College. Monticello's final class graduated in 1971.  The nearby mouth of the Missouri River was the starting point for the expedition of Lewis and Clark

Demographics.

At the 2000 census there were 16,286 people, 6,427 households, and 4,698 families living in the village. The population density was 472.3 people per square mile (182.4/km2). There were 6,694 housing units at an average density of 194.1 per square mile (75.0/km2). The racial makeup of the village was 94.06% White, 4.04% African American, 0.31% Native American, 0.65% Asian, 0.01% Pacific Islander, 0.19% from other races, and 0.74% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 0.98%.  Of the 6,427 households 29.7% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 62.2% were married couples living together, 8.0% had a female householder with no husband present, and 26.9% were non-families. 23.3% of households were one person and 11.4% were one person aged 65 or older. The average household size was 2.46 and the average family size was 2.90.  The age distribution was 22.6% under the age of 18, 6.3% from 18 to 24, 26.8% from 25 to 44, 26.5% from 45 to 64, and 17.8% 65 or older. The median age was 42 years. For every 100 females, there were 95.6 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 92.1 males.  The median household income was $50,342 and the median family income was $57,971. Males had a median income of $43,017 versus $27,870 for females. The per capita income for the village was $25,292. About 3.2% of families and 5.9% of the population were below the poverty line, including 5.1% of those under age 18 and 2.5% of those age 65 or over.

Godfrey is a village in Madison County, Illinois, United States. The population was 17,982 at the 2010 census. Godfrey is located within the Greater St. Louis metropolitan area.

戈弗雷(英语:Godfrey)是位于美国伊利诺伊州麦迪逊县的一个村落。