瓦列里·斯塔尼斯拉沃维奇·列沃涅夫斯基

Biography.

Valery Levaneuski was born on 15 August 1963 in Grodno in a large family.  In 1979, candidate for master of sports boxing.  In 1980 began working career with work as a fitter in mechanical workshops.  From 1980 to 1982 served in the Soviet Armed Forces. Expert of Soviet and Bulgarian Army.  1985–1991 – adjuster of radio electronics, mechanic of control and measuring devices and apparatus, engineer in various Grodno enterprises.  In 1991 registered as an entrepreneur. Directed Grodno regional union for protection of taxpayers’, consumers’ and drivers’ rights, Grodno information and legal center, and Grodno consumer protection center.  Since 1996, Valery Levaneuski has been under close scrutiny by the authorities and subjected to searches, confiscation of property and questioning over various charges.  Since 1996, he leads the strike committee (so-called Stachkom) of entrepreneurs of the Republic of Belarus. He organized numerous mass protests of entrepreneurs in the Republic of Belarus that resulted in him being fined, arrested and prosecuted. He is a founder and chief editor of “The Employer” Republican bulletin. On numerous occasions he participated in elections as a parliamentary candidate for municipal and regional legislative bodies. Every time his registration of a candidate was denied for political reasons.  In 2001, he ran for President of the Belarus Republic. He broke the slate because of the change of legislation during the elections (Decree #20 from year 2001 ).  In 2002, the strike committee led by Levaneuski organized a strike of 120,000 small traders calling for President Lukashenko to be ousted and blaming him personally for the suppression of small businesses in Belarus.  In February 2003, Levaneuski was denied registration as candidate for Deputy.  From 15 May 2004 to 15 May 2006 - served sentence of imprisonment in a colony, with confiscation of property, under art. 368, part 2 of the Criminal Code (insult to the President of the Republic of Belarus). Fully served a two-year prison sentence and was released on 15 May 2006.  2004-2006 – served sentence in form of confinement at general regime penal colony with confiscation of property in accordance with part 2, article 368 of Criminal Code of the Republic of Belarus (contempt of the President of the Belarus Republic). Valery Levaunevski could not be released on conditional discharge or on amnesty. While serving his sentence in penal colonies he was penalized in form of placing into disciplinary cell, denial of relatives' visits, and also tortures, threat of homicide from administration of correctional facility. All of it was for the central purpose: for him to sign the public waiver of his political activity. Valery was denied of the qualified medical assistance and medical supervision during the entire term of his imprisonment. He was not allowed to appeal sanctions of prison administration in court.  Valery Levaneuski has served his entire 2-year sentence, “done” his time “from start to finish” in various prisons and colonies, including:  2010 – release of a documentary “In Government’s Hindsight” dedicated to the development of strike movement of entrepreneurs in Belarus. Valery Levaneuski, main character of the film, tells about importance and dangers of having a business in Belarus. Film was a winner of the 15th All-Polish documental watch BAZAR in Poznań.

Arrests and searches.

On 8 July 2001, Levaneuski and three members of his initiative group were detained by the police while collecting voters' signatures on a parking lot near the road police station on outskirts of Lida.  29 August 2002 - Two juvenile sons of Valery Levaneuski were arrested in Mogilev while distributing a bulletin titled "Predprinimatel" ("The Entrepreneur") among vendors at a local outdoor market.  On 11 October 2002, Valery Levaneuski was arrested in Grodno and charged with violation of Art. 167, par. 1 ("participation in mass actions violating public order") of the Belarusian Administrative Offenses Code for holding an authorized rally in protest against recent tax increases and insurance fees for small business owners.  Overnight on 15–16 February 2003, the law-enforcers raided the Grodno house of Valery Levaneuski. The raid commenced at 10.20p.m. and ended at 00.15a.m. Valery has just returned from Minsk. The night visit was carried out with certain acts of violence, applied against Valery’s elder son Dmitry. As a result of the raid was confiscated copying machine and printed production.  In April 2003, he was arrested while delivering a petition from market traders to the parliament and subsequently sentenced to 15 days' imprisonment for taking part in the "March for a Better Life" on 12 March.  On 19 September 2004, Levaneuski’s son detained at market in Lida for distributing news bulletin.

Criminal case.

On the threshold of 1 May 2004, there were leaflets distributed in Grodno that invited citizens to participate in an approved rally on 1 May. Leaflets also contained the following text:  Because it was well known that President of Belarus, Alexander Lukashenko was spending his vacation in Austria, prosecutor’s office of Belarus has later considered it as a public insult of the President.  1 May 2004 Levaneuski was going to participate in a demonstration in Grodno that was approved by government, but in the morning he was detained upon leaving his home. Police officials delivered him to local police department, removed his money and passport and placed him into the temporary detention facility. Same morning Levaneuski’s children were also detained, but they were released from police department several hours later.  On 3 May 2004 Valery Levaneuski was convicted to 15-day arrest. In violation of law, he was judged not in a court house, but in the cell of the temporary detention facility.  On 3 May 2004 Uladzimir Levaneuski, son of Valery Levaneuski was convicted for 13-day arrest for active participation in the 1 May protest action.  On 7 May 2004 officials of State Security Committee of the Republic of Belarus and OMON (SWAT) team had broken the entrance door and entered Valery Levaneuski’s apartment. Search had lasted for six hours. All of the computers were seized along with many documents and valuables. Officials of the KGB forced Levaneuski’s underaged daughter to testify against her father. On that day and during the next few days officials from the KGB had conducted searches at Levaneuski’s relatives’ houses and in the offices of non-profit organizations that might have been part of “Insult of President” case.  On 14 May 2004, one day before expiration of 15-days of arrest, Levaneuski’s detention term was increased for three days.  On 18 May 2004 Levaneuski was indicted in accordance with part 2, article 368 of Criminal code of Belarus: “Public insult of the President of the Republic of Belarus, conducted by a person, previously convicted for contempt or defamation, or as an incident to accusation in committal of grave or especially grave offence”. Valery was moved from temporary detention facility into the pro-trial detention center for 2 months.  4 June 2004, for the first time since his arrest on May 1, 2004, Valery Levaneuski was allowed to meet with his wife in pro-trial detention center.  On 12 July 2004 Levaneuski’s arrest was extended for another month.  On 21 July 2004 Levaneuski’s wife addressed President of Belarus, Alexander Lukashenko with complaints regarding conditions of her husband’s detention in pro-trial detention center.  On 21 July 2004 criminal case under article 342 of the Criminal code of Belarus “Organization of non-authorized rally”, which provides for arrest for up to 3 years, was filed against his son Uladzimir Levaneuski.  21 July 2004 Valery Levaneuski declared a hunger strike in pre-trial detention center  27 July 2004 Levaneuski suspend the hunger strike.  On 28 July 2004 Valery Levaneuski and his son were freed from the charges under article 342 of Criminal code of Belarus Republic (“Organization of non-authorized rally”).  On 1 August 2004 famous Russian rock musicians Sergey Shnurov (band “Leningrad (band)”) and Alexander Vasiliev (band “Splean”) have held a brief for Levaneuski.  On 16 August 2004 court has extended Levaneuski’ term of arrest for another month.  On 7 September 2004, court of Leninsky District of the city of Grodno had found Valery Levaneuski guilty in public insult of the President of Belarus Republic coupled to accusation in committal of grave offence, and based on part 2, article 368 of the Criminal code of Belarus Republic sentenced him to two years of confinement with serving the sentence in a general regime penal colony [28]. The judge decreed that a leaflet, which Levaneuski had distributed prior to demonstrations on 1 May 2004, contains a public insult to the President (since Alexander Lukashenko is known to have spent his holidays in Austria).  On 16 September 2004, European Parliament calls on the Belarus authorities to release immediately Valery Levaneuski and all other imprisoned political opponents of the regime.  On 2 June 2005, State Department calls on Belarus authorities to release Valery Levaneuski and all other political prisoners

Family.

Levanéuski is married, with four children.

Valéry Levanéuski (,, ) is a Belarusian political and social activist, former political prisoner. Amnesty International recognizes him as a prisoner of conscience.

瓦列里·斯塔尼斯拉沃维奇·列沃涅夫斯基 (,,英语:Valery Levaneuski,,1963年-8月15日),出生于格罗德诺城市,是白俄罗斯社会活动家和政治家,企业家,以前是政治犯。“国际赦免”组织承认他作为政治信仰犯。


Reasons for conversion to Islam.

As a rule the Ottomans did not require the Greeks or any non-Islamic group to become Muslims and in fact discouraged it because the dhimmi paid more in tax through the jizya and could be exploited through acts like the devşirme (blood tax) which was one of the organized practices by which the Ottomans took boys from their Christian families, who were later converted to Islam with the aim of selecting and training the ablest of them for leading positions in the Ottoman society. However a large number of Greeks and Slavs became Muslims or Turks in order to avert the socioeconomic hardships of Ottoman rule. Conversion to Islam is quick and in the Ottoman Empire there were few documents showing who was or was not Muslim, the only requirements were knowing Turkish, saying you were Muslim and possibly getting circumcised. Greek has a specific word for becoming Muslim called "τουρκεύω" and the Slavic languages have turčiti, these practices of fake conversion were common and are a reason so many people in the Balkans have Turkish last names with endings like -oglu. As stated one of the main reason to convert were to avoid paying the jizya a (~ 20%) tax compared to the zakat which was a (~ 3%) tax. Another benefit converts received was that they could no longer be discriminated against in court as the Ottoman Empire had 2 separate court systems in which the Islamic court superseded the non-Islamic court and because non-Muslims were not allowed to be present in the Islamic court that basically resulted in an non-Islamic minority losing in court every time. Conversion allowed those to take advantage of greater employment prospects and possibilities of advancement in the Ottoman government bureaucracy and military. Subsequently, these people became part of the Muslim community of the millet system, which was closely linked to Islamic religious rules. At that time people were bound to their millets by their religious affiliations (or their confessional communities), rather than to their ethnic origins. Muslim communities prospered under the Ottoman Empire, and the Ottoman law did not recognize such notions as ethnicity and the Muslims of any ethnic background enjoyed precisely the same rights and privileges. Another major reason for converting to Islam was the well-organized taxation system based on religion. Major taxes were the Defter and İspençe and the more severe haraç whereby a document was issued which stated that "the holder of this certificate is able to keep his head on the shoulders since he paid the Χαράτσι tax for this year..." All these of course were waived if the person would convert and become Muslim. During the Greek War of Independence, Ottoman Egyptian troops under the leadership of Ibrahim Pasha of Egypt ravaged the island of Crete and the Greek countryside of the Morea where the Muslim Egyptian soldiers enslaved vast numbers of Christian Greek children and women. Ibrahim arranged for the enslaved Greek children to be forcefully converted to Islam "en masse". The enslaved Greeks were subsequently transferred to Egypt where they were sold as slaves. Several decades later in 1843, the English traveler and writer Sir John Gardner Wilkinson described the state of enslaved Greeks who had converted to Islam in Egypt:

Greek Muslims of Pontus and the Caucasus.

Pontic Greek (named Ρωμαίικα "Roméika", not Ποντιακά "Pontiaká" as it is in Greece), is spoken by sizable numbers by communities of Pontic Greek Muslim origin, spread out near the southern Black Sea coast. Grecophone Pontian Muslims are found within Trabzon province and inhabit the following areas: Pontic is spoken in the town of Tonya and in 6 villages of Tonya district. It is spoken in 6 villages of the municipal entity of Beşköy in the central and Köprübaşı districts of Sürmene. Grecophone Muslims are also located in 9 villages of the Galyana valley in Maçka district. They were resettled there in former abandoned Greek Orthodox Pontian dwellings from the area of Beşköy after a devastating flood in 1929. The largest cluster of Pontian speakers is found in the Of valley. There are 23 Grecophone Muslim villages in Çaykara district, though due to migration these numbers have fluctuated and according to native speakers of the area there were around 70 Grecophone Muslim villages in Çaykara district. 12 Grecophone Muslim villages are also located in the Dernekpazarı district. Many of the Pontic natives were converted to Islam during the first two centuries following the Ottoman conquest of the region. Taking the high military and religious posts in the region, their elite were integrated into the ruling class of imperial society. The converted population accepted Ottoman identity, but in many instances the people retained their local, native languages. In 1914 according to the official estimations of the Ecumenical Patriarchate, circa 190.000 Grecophone Muslims were counted only in the region of Pontus. Over the years, heavy emigration from the Trabzon region to other parts of Turkey to places such as Istanbul, Sakarya, Zonguldak, Bursa and Adapazarı has occurred. While emigration to places outside Turkey has also transpired when people left for Germany as invited workers during the 1960s. Sizable numbers of Grecophone Muslims in Pontus have retained knowledge and or are fluent in Greek and it is a mother tongue for many and even the young. Males are usually bilingual in both Turkish and Pontic Greek, while there are many women who are monolingual only in Pontic Greek. Grecophone Muslim Pontians can also be found in other settlements such as Rize (with a large concentration in İkizdere district), Erzincan, Gümüşhane, parts of Erzerum province, and the former Russian Empire's province of Kars Oblast (see Caucasus Greeks) and Georgia (see Islam in Georgia). Today these Greek speaking Muslims regard themselves and identify as Turks. In Turkey, their communities are sometimes referred to as "Rum", although as with the word "Yunan" meaning Greek in Turkish or "Greek" in the English language, the term "Rum" is perceived within Turkey to be associated with Greece and or Christianity and they refuse to be identified as such. Grecophone Muslim Pontians when speaking their language refer to it as "Romeyka", whereas when conversing in Turkish they call it "Rumca" or "Rumcika". "Rumca" is the name used in Turkish to call all Greek dialects spoken in Turkey, a term akin to "Romeyka" derived from the word "ρωμαίικα" or Roman with Byzantine origins. Current day Greeks refer to their language as "ελληνικά" or Greek, an appellation that replaced the previous term "Romeiika" during the early nineteenth century. In Turkey standard modern Greek is referred to as "Yunanca", whereas the ancient Greek language is called "Eski Yunanca" or "Grekçe". According to Heath W. Lowry's great work about Ottoman tax books ("Tahrir Defteri") with Halil İnalcık, it is claimed that most "Turks" of Trebizond and the Pontic Alps region in northeastern Anatolia are of Pontic Greek origin. Grecophone Pontian Muslims are known in Turkey for their conservative adherence of Sunni Islam of the Hanafi school and are renowned for producing many Koranic teachers. Sufi orders such as Qadiri and Naqshbandi have a great impact.

Cretan Muslims.

The term Cretan Turks (, ) or "Cretan Muslims" () covers Greek speaking Muslims who arrived in Turkey after or slightly before the start of the Greek rule in Crete in 1908 and especially in the framework of the 1923 agreement for the Exchange of Greek and Turkish Populations and have settled on the coastline stretching from the Çanakkale to İskenderun. Prior to their resettlement to Turkey, deteriorating communal relations between Cretan Greek Christians and Grecophone Cretan Muslims had made the latter identify with Ottoman and later Turkish identity. Some Grecophone Muslims of Crete also composed literature for their community in the Greek language such as songs and wrote it in the Arabic alphabet, although little of it has been studied. Today in various settlements along the Aegean coast elderly Grecophone Cretan Muslims are still conversant in Cretan Greek. Amongst younger generations of Cretan Grecophone Muslims, many are fluent in the Greek language. Often members from the Muslim Cretan community are unaware that the language they speak is Greek. They often name the language as Cretan ("Kritika" () or "Giritçe") instead of Greek. The Grecophone Cretan Muslims are Sunnis of the (Hanafi) rite with a highly influential Bektashi minority that helped shape the folk Islam and religious tolerance of the entire community. Significant numbers of Cretan Muslims were re-settled in other Ottoman controlled areas around the eastern Mediterranean by the Ottomans following the establishment of the autonomous Cretan State in 1898. Most ended up in coastal Syria and Lebanon, particularly the town of Al-Hamidiyah, in Syria, (named after the Ottoman sultan who settled them there), and Tripoli in Lebanon where many continue to speak Greek as their mother tongue. Others were resettled in Ottoman Tripolitania especially in the east side cities like Susa and Benghazi, where they are distinguishable by their Greek surnames. Many of the older members of this community still speak Cretan Greek in their homes. A small community of Grecophone Cretan Muslims still resides in Greece in the Dodecanese Islands of Rhodes and Kos. These communities were formed prior to the area becoming part of Greece in 1948 when their ancestors migrated there from Crete and are integrated into the local Muslim population as Turks today.

Epirote Muslims.

Muslims from the region of Epirus, known collectively as "Yanyalılar" ("Yanyalı" in singular, meaning "person from Ioannina") in Turkish and Τουρκογιαννιώτες "Turkoyanyótes" in Greek (Τουρκογιαννιώτης "Turkoyanyótis" in singular, meaning ""Turk" from Ioannina"), who had arrived in Turkey in two waves of migration in 1912 and after 1923. After the exchange of populations, Grecophone Epirote Muslims resettled themselves in the Anatolian section of Istanbul, especially the districts from Erenköy to Kartal which were previously populated by wealthy Orthodox Greeks. Although the majority of the Epirote Muslim population was of Albanian origin, Grecophone Muslim communities existed in the towns of Souli, Margariti (both majority-Muslim), Ioannina, Preveza, Louros, Paramythia, Konitsa, and elsewhere in the Pindus mountain region. Regarding their identity, the Greek speaking Muslim populations who were a majority in Ioannina and Paramythia and with sizable numbers residing in Parga and possibly Preveza, "shared the same route of identity construction, with no evident differentiation between them and their Albanian speaking cohabitants". Hoca Es'ad Efendi, a Greek-speaking Muslim from Ioannina who lived in the eighteenth century, was the first translator of Aristotle into Turkish. Some Grecophone Muslims of Ioannina also composed literature for their community in the Greek language such as poems and wrote it in the Arabic alphabet. The community now is fully integrated into Turkish culture. Last, the Muslims from Epirus that were of mainly Albanian origin are described as Cham Albanians instead.

Macedonian Greek Muslims.

Greek speaking Muslims lived in the Haliacmon of western Macedonia. They were known collectively as "Vallahades" and had probably converted to Islam en masse in the late 1700s. The Vallahades had retained much of their Greek culture and language, unlike most Muslim converts from Greek Macedonia and elsewhere in the southern Balkans who generally adopted the Turkish language and identity. In contrast, most Grecophone Muslims from Epirus, Thrace, and other parts of Macedonia who converted to Islam in the earlier Ottoman period, generally also adopted Turkish and more speedily and thoroughly assimilated into the Ottoman ruling elite. According to Todor Simovski's assessment (1972), in 1912 in the region of Macedonia in Greece there were 13,753 Muslim Greeks.  In the twentieth century, the Vallahades were considered by other Greeks to have become "Turkish" and were not exempt from the 1922–1923 population exchange between Greece and Turkey, which was based on religious affiliation (Christian Orthodox and Muslim) rather than language and ethnicity. The Vallahades were resettled in western Asia Minor, in such towns as Kumburgaz, Büyükçekmece, and Çatalca or in villages like Honaz near Denizli. Many Vallahades still continue to speak the Greek language, which they call "Romeïka" and have become completely assimilated into the Turkish Muslim mainstream as Turks.

Thessalian Greek Muslims.

Greek speaking Muslims lived in Thessaly. Mostly centered in and around cities such as Larissa, Trikala, Karditsa, Almyros and Volos. Grecophone Muslim communities existed in the towns and some villages of Elassona, Tyrnovos, Almyros. According to Lampros Koutsonikas Muslims in the kaza of Elassona belonged to the "Vallahades group." Evliya Chelebi has also mentioned them in his Seyahatname speaking Greek. In the 8th Volume of Seyahatname he mentions many Muslims of Thessaly as converts of Greek origin. There were also some Muslims of Vlach descent assimilated into these communities such as the village of Argyropouli. After the Convention of Constantinople in 1881 these Muslims slowly started emigrating to areas which are still under Ottoman administration. An artillery captain William Martin Leake wrote in his "Travels in Northern Greece" (1835) that he spoke with the Bektashi Sheikh and the Vezir in Trikala in Greek. In fact he specifically states that the Sheikh used the word "ἄνθρωπος" to define men and the Vezir said; καί έγώ εϊμαι προφήτης στά Ιωάννινα. British Consul-General Blunt observed for the last quarter of the nineteenth century that "Greek is also generally spoken by the Turkish inhabitants, and appears to be the common language between Turks and Christians."

Greek Cypriot Muslims.

In 1878 the Muslim inhabitants of Cyprus constituted about one-third of the island's population of 120,000. They were classified as being either Turkish or "neo-Muslim." The latter were of Greek origin, Islamised but speaking Greek, and similar in character to the local Christians. The last of such groups was reported to arrive at Antalya in 1936. These communities are thought to have abandoned Greek in the course of integration. During the 1950s, there were still four Greek speaking Muslim settlements in Cyprus: Lapithou, Platanisso, Ayios Simeon and Galinoporni that identified themselves as Turks. A 2017 study on the genetics of Turkish Cypriots has shown a strong genetic ties with their fellow Orthodox Greek Cypriots.

Greek Muslims of the Aegean Islands.

Despite not having a majority Muslim population at any time during the Ottoman period, some Aegean Islands such as Chios, Lesbos, Kos, Rhodes, Lemnos and Tenedos, Kastellorizo contained a sizable Muslim population of Greek origin. Before the Greek Revolution there were also Muslims on the island of Euboea. On most Islands Muslims were only living in and around the main centers of the islands. Today Greek-speaking Muslims numbering about 5-5,500 live on Kos and Rhodes because Dodecanese Islands then governed by Italy were not a part of Greece and therefore they were exempt from the population exchange. However many migrated after Paris Peace Treaties in 1947.

Crimea.

In the Middle Ages the Greek population of Crimea traditionally adhered to Eastern Orthodox Christianity, even despite undergoing linguistic assimilation by the local Crimean Tatars. In 1777–1778, when Catherine the Great of Russia conquered the peninsula from the Ottoman Empire, the local Orthodox population was forcibly deported and settled north of the Azov Sea. In order to avoid deportation, some Greeks chose to convert to Islam. Crimean Tatar-speaking Muslims of the village of Kermenchik (renamed to Vysokoe in 1945) kept their Greek identity and were practising Christianity in secret for a while. In the nineteenth century the lower half of Kermenchik was populated with Christian Greeks from Turkey, whereas the upper remained Muslim. By the time of the Stalinist deportation of 1944, the Muslims of Kermenchik had already been identified as Crimean Tatars, and were forcibly expelled to Central Asia together with the rest of Crimea's ethnic minorities.

Lebanon and Syria.

There are about 7,000 Greek speaking Muslims living in Tripoli, Lebanon and about 8,000 in Al Hamidiyah, Syria. The majority of them are Muslims of Cretan origin. Records suggest that the community left Crete between 1866 and 1897, on the outbreak of the last Cretan uprising against the Ottoman Empire, which ended the Greco-Turkish War of 1897. Sultan Abdul Hamid II provided Cretan Muslim families who fled the island with refuge on the Levantine coast. The new settlement was named Hamidiye after the sultan.  Many Grecophone Muslims of Lebanon somewhat managed to preserve their Cretan Muslim identity and Greek language Unlike neighbouring communities, they are monogamous and consider divorce a disgrace. Until the Lebanese Civil War, their community was close-knit and entirely endogamous. However many of them left Lebanon during the 15 years of the war.  Greek speaking Muslims constitute 60% of Al Hamidiyah's population. The percentage may be higher but is not conclusive because of hybrid relationship in families. The community is very much concerned with maintaining its culture. The knowledge of the spoken Greek language is remarkably good and their contact with their historical homeland has been possible by means of satellite television and relatives. They are also known to be monogamous. Today, Grecophone Hamidiyah residents identify themselves as Cretan Muslims, while some others as Cretan Turks.  By 1988, many Grecophone Muslims from both Lebanon and Syria had reported being subject to discrimination by the Greek embassy because of their religious affiliation. The community members would be regarded with indifference and even hostility, and would be denied visas and opportunities to improve their Greek through trips to Greece.

Central Asia.

In the Middle Ages, after the Seljuq victory over the Byzantine Emperor Romanus IV, many Byzantine Greeks were taken as slaves to Central Asia. The most famous among them was Al-Khazini, a Byzantine Greek slave taken to Merv, then in the Khorasan province of Persia but now in Turkmenistan, who was later freed and became a famous Muslim scientist.

Greek Muslims, also known as Grecophone Muslims, are Muslims of Greek ethnic origin whose adoption of Islam (and often the Turkish language and identity) dates to the period of Ottoman rule in the southern Balkans. They consist primarily of the descendants of the elite Ottoman Janissary corps and Ottoman-era converts to Islam from Greek Macedonia (e.g., Vallahades), Crete (Cretan Muslims), northeastern Anatolia and the Pontic Alps (Pontic Greeks). They are currently found mainly in western Turkey (particularly the regions of Izmir, Bursa, and Edirne) and northeastern Turkey (particularly in the regions of Trabzon, Gümüşhane, Sivas, Erzincan, Erzurum, and Kars (see also Caucasus Greeks of Georgia and Kars Oblast and Islam in Georgia).

希腊裔穆斯林,也被称为讲希腊语的穆斯林,希腊民族血统的穆斯林。主要是皈依伊斯兰教的克里特岛居民、马其顿人、安纳托利亚东北居民、黑海北部希腊人。目前,他们主要生活在土耳其西部(特别是伊兹密尔、布尔萨、埃迪尔内地区)和土耳其东北部(特别是在特拉布宗、居米甚哈、锡瓦斯、Erzinjan、埃尔祖鲁姆、卡尔斯地区),尽管他们的希腊血统和种族都在很大程度上被充分吸收到讲土耳其语的穆斯林人口中,但他们仍有一些希腊人的习俗。


History.

Zhoushuizi was originally an insect-infested marsh, called "Choushuizi" () or "smelly waters" by nearby residents. During the late Qing dynasty, it became a racecourse for horse racing. After the marsh was drained, it was renamed Zhoushuizi (Zhou's waters) after a nearby village called Zhoujiatun ("Zhou family village").  After Japan won the Russo-Japanese War in 1905, the Liaodong Peninsula, including Dalian, came under Japanese occupation. In 1924, the Japanese began to convert Zhoushuizi Racecourse into an airport, which was opened in 1927. Immediately after the aviation law of 1927, the Japanese Ministry of Posts and Telecommunications began planning for scheduled air routes including Tokyo to Dalian (Zhoushuizi). As civil aviation developed later, a few flights per day by Manchukuo National Airways came to Zhoushuizi. After the start of the Second Sino-Japanese War in 1937, there was more military traffic by the Imperial Japanese Navy than civil traffic, mostly using Douglas DC-3. Zhoushuizi Airport at that time was about 800 meters long and 400 meters wide.  After the surrender of Japan in 1945, Zhoushuizi was under the control of the Soviet Air Forces for ten years, until it was transferred to the Chinese PLA Air Force in May 1955. In 1973, the military Zhoushuizi airfield was converted into a small civil airport, with a 2,040-meter-long runway and 37 employees, serving 1,961 passengers a year.  As air traffic skyrocketed starting in the 1980s and especially since the 1990s, the airport had its first major expansion in April 1984. It was then expanded four more times, in 1992–93, 1999, 2005, and 2011–12. It served more than 13 million passengers in 2012, ranking 15th in China. Because of the expansion of the city of Dalian, the airport is now surrounded by built-up urban area and has no more room to grow even though it is expected to reach its capacity in 2016. As a result, the authorities launched the new Dalian Jinzhouwan International Airport project, which was included in the 12th national five-year plan in 2011.

Facilities.

In September 2011, a new 71,000 square-meter terminal building was completed as part of the 2.2 billion yuan third-phase expansion project of the airport. The airport has a 3,300-meter runway (class 4E), of terminal buildings, 42 aircraft parking places, and 2,600 car parking places. The entire airport covers an area of.

Airlines and destinations.

As a focus city for China Southern Airlines, Dalian has many of China Southern's Japanese destinations. China's flag carrier, Air China, also makes a stop-over at Dalian on its flights from Beijing to Japan. Due to the tight connection and high demand between Dalian and Japan, Japan Airlines still operates daily direct flight from Narita Airport in Tokyo to Dalian. Two major Korean Airlines, Korean Air and Asiana Airlines operate daily flight to Dalian from Incheon Airport in Seoul. The majority of international flights are operated by China Southern Airlines, Air China, Japan Airlines, All Nippon Airways, Asiana Airlines, Korean Air and Uni Air.

Ground transportation.

The airport is served by the Dalian Metro Line 2 and many bus lines to central Dalian. An airport bus line also serves the central district. A taxi hub station is located on the ground level.

Accidents and incidents.

On May 7, 2002, China Northern flight 6136 was en route from Beijing to Dalian when it crashed into a bay near Dalian, killing everyone aboard.

Dalian Zhoushuizi International Airport is the airport serving the city of Dalian in Liaoning Province, China. It is located in Ganjingzi District, about northwest of the city center. In 2018 the airport handled 18,758,171 passengers, making it the busiest airport in Northeast China and the 24th busiest nationwide. The airport is the hub for Dalian Airlines and a focus city for China Southern Airlines and Hainan Airlines. As Zhoushuizi Airport has reached its designed capacity, the new Dalian Jinzhouwan International Airport is being built on reclaimed land to replace it.

大连周水子国际机场()是辽宁省大连市的国际机场,位于市郊西北部。日本通过日俄战争取得大连后,于1927年建造周水子机场,二战后苏联空军代管机场十年,于1955年移交中国人民解放军。1973年改建为民用机场,是中国国家一级民用国际机场,位于大连市甘井子区,占地284.46公顷。2018年大连机场完成旅客吞吐量1877万人次,位居全国第24名。


Plot.

At the close of the 20th century, all of the Earth's kaiju have been collected by the United Nations Science Committee and confined in an area known as Monster Island, located in the Ogasawara island chain. A special control center is constructed underneath the island to ensure that the monsters stay secure and to serve as a research facility to study them.  When communications with Monsterland are suddenly and mysteriously severed, and all of the monsters begin attacking world capitals, Dr. Yoshida of the UNSC orders Captain Yamabe and the crew of his spaceship, Moonlight SY-3, to investigate Ogasawara. There, they discover that the scientists, led by Dr. Otani, have become mind-controlled slaves of a feminine alien race identifying themselves as the Kilaaks, who reveal that they are in control of the monsters. Their leader demands that the human race surrender, or face total annihilation.  Godzilla attacks New York City, Rodan invades Moscow, Mothra (a larval offspring) lays waste to Beijing, Gorosaurus destroys Paris, (although Baragon was credited for its destruction), and Manda attacks London. These attacks were set in to motion to draw attention away from Japan, so that the aliens can establish an underground stronghold near Mt. Fuji in Japan. The Kilaaks then turn their next major attack onto Tokyo and, without serious opposition, become arrogant in their aims until the UNSC discover, after recovering the Kilaaks' monster mind-control devices from around the world, that they have switched to broadcasting the control signals from their base under the Moon's surface. In a desperate battle, the crew of the SY-3 destroys the Kilaak's lunar outpost and returns the alien control system to Earth.  With all of the monsters under the control of the UNSC, the Kilaaks unleash their secret weapon, King Ghidorah. The three-headed space dragon is dispatched to protect the alien stronghold at Mt. Fuji, and battles Godzilla, Minilla, Mothra, Rodan, Gorosaurus, Anguirus, and Kumonga. While seemingly invincible, King Ghidorah is eventually overpowered by the combined strength of the Earth monsters and is killed. Refusing to admit defeat, the Kilaaks produce their trump card, a burning monster they call the Fire Dragon, which begins to torch Tokyo and destroys the control center on Ogasawara. Suddenly, Godzilla attacks and destroys the Kilaaks' underground base, revealing that the Earth's monsters instinctively know who their enemies are. Captain Yamabe then pursues the Fire Dragon in the SY-3 and narrowly achieves victory for the human race. The Fire Dragon is revealed to be a flaming Kilaak saucer and is destroyed. With the Kilaaks defeated, Godzilla and the other monsters eventually return to Monster Island to live in peace.

Production.

Per the waning popularity of the "Godzilla" series, special effects director Sadamasa Arikawa noted that Toho were going to potentially end the "Godzilla" series as "Producer Tanaka figured that all the ideas had just run out."  The film was written by Takeshi Kimura and Ishirō Honda, making it the first "Godzilla" film since "Godzilla Raids Again" not written by Shinichi Sekizawa. Takeshi Kimura is credited to the pen name Kaoru Mabuchi in the film's credits. Kimura and Honda's script developed the concept of Monsterland (referred to as Monster Island in future films). As the films has several monsters who continuously return in the films, the location was developed to be a faraway island where the monsters are pacified. This tied other films not related to the "Godzilla" series within its universe, as creatures such as Manda (from "Atragon") and Varan ("Varan the Unbelievable") exist. The film features footage from "Ghidorah, the Three-Headed Monster" (1964), specifically King Ghidorah's fiery birth scene.  New monster suits for Godzilla and Anguirus were constructed for the film, while Rodan and King Ghidorah suits were modified from previous films, with King Ghidorah having less detail than he had in previous films.

Release.

"Destroy All Monsters" was released in Japan on 1 August 1968 where it was distributed by Toho. It was released on a double bill with a reissue of the film "Atragon". The film was reissued theatrically in Japan in 1972 where it was re-edited by Honda to a 74-minute running time and released with the title "Gojira: Dengeki Taisakusen" ( "Godzilla: Lightning Fast Strategy"). "Destroy All Monsters" continued the decline in ticket sales in Japan for the "Godzilla" series, earning 2.6 million in ticket sales. In comparison, "Invasion of Astro-Monster" brought in 3.8 million and "Son of Godzilla" collected 2.5 million.  The film was released in the United States by American International Pictures with an English-language dub on 23 May 1969. The film premiered in the United States in Cincinnati. American International Pictures hired Titra Studios to dub the film into English. The American version of the film remains relatively close to the Japanese original. Among the more notable removed elements include Akira Ifukube's title theme and a brief shot of Minilla shielding his eyes and ducking when King Ghidorah drops Anguirus from the sky. "Destroy All Monsters" was shown on American television until the early 1980s. It resurfaced on cable broadcast on the Sci-Fi Channel in 1996.

Home media.

"Destroy All Monsters" was released on VHS by ADV Films in 1998 which featured English-dubbed dialogue from Toho's own international version of the film. In 2011, Tokyo Shock released the film on DVD and Blu-ray and in 2014 the company re-released it on DVD and Blu-ray. In 2019, the Japanese version and export English version were included in a Blu-ray box set released by the Criterion Collection, which included all 15 films from the franchise's Shōwa era.

Critical reception.

From contemporary reviews, both "Variety" and "Monthly Film Bulletin" noted the film's best scenes involved the monsters together, while criticising the filmmaking. "Variety" reviewed the English-dubbed version of the film stating that it may appeal to "Sci-fi addicts and monster fans" while stating that the "plot is on comic strip level, special effects depend on obvious miniatures and acting (human) is from school of "Flash Gordon"" and that the film's strength relied on its "monster rally". The "Monthly Film Bulletin" opined that "the model work is poor, and as usual the script is junior comic-strip". Both reviews mentioned the monsters' final scene with "Variety" commenting that it was "clever" and the "Monthly Film Bulletin" stating that "apart from [the monsters] statutory devastation of world capitals [...] the monsters have disappointingly little to do until they get together in the last reel for a splendid battle" The "Monthly Film Bulletin" commented that the film was "almost worth sitting through the banalities for the final confrontation on Mount Fuji" noting the son of Godzilla "endearingly applauding from a safe distance" and "the victorious monsters performing a celebratory jig".  From retrospective reviews, Steve Biodrowski of "Cinefantastique" commented that the film "is too slim in its storyline, too thin in its characterizations, to be considered a truly great film [...] But for the ten-year-old living inside us all, it is entertainment of the most awesome sort." Matt Paprocki of "Blogcritics" said the film is "far from perfect" and "can be downright boring at times" but felt that "the destruction scenes make up for everything else" and "the final battle is an epic that simply can't be matched".  The film is considered a cult favorite among fans of the "Godzilla" franchise. In Steve Ryfle and Ed Godziszewski's 2017 book covering Ishiro Honda's filmography, they expressed that "Destroy All Monsters" is now seen as the "last truly spirited entry" in Toho's initial series of "kaiju" films, due to "its audacious and simple story, a bounty of monsters and destruction, and a memorably booming soundtrack from Akira Ifukube".  "Godzilla" director Gareth Edwards previously expressed interest in making a sequel to his 2014 movie inspired by "Destroy All Monsters".

In the film, humans have achieved world peace by the year 1999, and various giant monsters are confined to an area known as Monsterland. The monsters are freed from the area and are mind-controlled by aliens known as Kilaaks, who send them to attack major cities. When the monsters are freed from the Kilaaks' influence, the aliens send King Ghidorah to challenge the other monsters.

《怪兽总进击》(日文原名:怪獣総进撃)是1968年12月20日上映的日本电影,哥斯拉系列电影的第9部作品,日本观众人数达到258万人。


History.

Talpa's John de Mol, creator of "Big Brother", first created "The Voice" concept with Dutch singer Roel van Velzen. Erland Galjaard, a Dutch program director, asked John de Mol about whether he could come up with a format that went a step further than "The X Factor". De Mol then came up with the idea of "Blind Audition". He wanted to focus on singing quality alone, so the coaches must be top artists in the music industry. The rotating chairs concept was invented by Roel van Velzen. It would also be the first talent show in which social media was actively involved.  On 17 September 2010, "The Voice of Holland" began to air on RTL 4 with Angela Groothuizen, Roel van Velzen, Nick & Simon, and Jeroen van der Boom as the mentor-judges (dubbed as "coaches") of the show. The show proved to be an instant success in the Netherlands.  The format was later sold to different countries, in many cases replacing a previous Endemol music contest format, "Operation Triumph / Star Academy".

Original format.

The show's format features five stages of competition: producers' auditions, blind auditions, battle rounds, knockouts (since 2012), and live performance shows.

Blind auditions.

Contestants are aspiring singers drawn from public auditions, which are not broadcast. Unlike "Idols" and "The X Factor", the producers pick fewer contestants (usually from 100, up to 200 contestants), which are deemed "the best artists", to perform in the broadcast auditions. The first televised stage is the blind auditions, in which the four coaches, all noteworthy recording artists, listen to the contestants in chairs facing away from the stage so as to avoid seeing them. If a coach likes what they hear from that contestant, they press a button to rotate their chairs to signify that they are interested in working with that contestant. If more than one coach presses their button, the contestant chooses the coach he or she wants to work with. The blind auditions end when each coach has a set number of contestants to work with. Coaches will dedicate themselves to developing their singers mentally, musically and in some cases physically, giving them advice, and sharing the secrets of their success.

Battles.

The contestants who successfully pass the blind auditions proceed to the battle rounds, where the coaches put two or sometimes three of their own team members against each other to sing the same song together in front of a studio audience. After the vocal face-off, the coach must choose only one to advance. If no specific winner can be identified, either the competition turns to a game of fate via a coin toss, or the coach may combine them into a duo throughout the rest of the competition. In rare cases the coach can also choose to advance neither one (As seen in season eight of "The Voice of Holland"). In some versions, there are steals where opposing coaches can steal a contestant who was voted off by their own coach by pressing their button. As in the blind auditions, if more than one coach presses their button, the contestant chooses which coach they want. Each coach has a set number of steals, usually one or two (raised to three in the seventh season of "The Voice Brasil").

Knockouts.

The knockout round was introduced in 2012, and is implemented in some versions. The winners of the battle rounds proceed to this rounds (dubbed Super-battle round/Sing-off in some versions).  As in the battle rounds, coaches put members (usually 2/3/4, rarely 6 or 10) of their own team members to compete against each other. This time, the contestants choose their own song to perform individually while the other watches and waits. After that, the coach chooses one to advance while the other is sent home. At the end of the knockout rounds, the strongest members of each coach's roster proceed to the live stage shows. Some versions include steals. Like in the battle round, the opposing coaches can steal a contestant who was voted off by their own coach by pressing their button. Similar to the blind auditions, if more than one coach presses their button, the contestant chooses which coach they want.

Live shows.

In the final performance phase of the competition, the top contestants from each team compete against each other during a live broadcast. The television audience vote to save one contestant on each team, leaving the coach to decide on live television who they want to save and who will not move on. In the next round, the public chooses between the two artists left on each team, and the coach also has a vote that weighs equally with the public vote.  Finally, each coach will have his/her best contestant left standing to compete in the finals, singing an original song. From these four or five, one will be named "The Voice"—and will receive the grand prize of a recording contract. Universal Music Group is the general record company associated and affiliated with "The Voice" format in most countries.

Social media participation.

One of the cornerstones of "The Voice" format is the social media participation via Twitter, Facebook and the especially designed platform "connect." Users are able to log in via their Facebook account and retrieve background information about the show. The platform also offers the possibility to stream the show online as well as to vote, interact with friends and to discuss various topics and questions asked by the producers throughout the show.

Format variations.

Blind audition twists.

Starting from the fifth season of "The Voice of Holland", if all the coaches rejected one specific contestant, the losing contestant would leave the stage straight away, without any conversations with the coaches, and the chairs would remain unturned. The format is currently used in some versions, most notably, the U.K. version. It was used in the fifth season of the "Vocea României", the fourth to sixth season of "The Voice Belgique" and in the sixth season of "The Voice of Albania", but then was abandoned in later seasons (However, later, "Vocea României" brought it back on its eighth season).  The American version introduced a new mechanism in the blind auditions on the fourteenth season, the Block button. When a coach wants to get the specific contestant but does not want another coach to do so, he/she may press the block button to block them from getting the contestant, and then turn around at the same time. The coach who is blocked, will not know until he/she presses the main button, and after that he/she will get the word stating that he/she is blocked, instead of his/her name in the LED floor. A coach can use the block button once in a season (this number of allowed block, varies in other versions, which are described below), and only one block is allowed per audition. The Block twist was then applied in :  The sixth season of "The Voice Kids of Vietnam" had a new feature called "The Mute button". As its name implies, the muted coach will not be allowed to speak, but they can still do all the kind of body language to convince the contestant to join their team. However, the Mute only adds excitement to the program, as contestant can still pick the muted team. Each coach has only one Mute per audition. The slight change happened in the fourth season of "Sing! China" wherein the coach that was being muted will or will not make the chair turn but will still be able to be selected by contestant.  The Wildcard round was introduced in the first two seasons of "The Voice of Holland", wherein the selected failed contestants of the blind auditions were screened and would perform via radio program Radio 538. Some coaches will select if they want that contestant on their team to compete in the battles, but it was abandoned in the later seasons. It was reintroduced in the 15th season of the U.S. version where it is now called as "The Comeback Stage". On it, a fifth coach will mentor six contestants that failed to make a team in the blind auditions, and they will compete against each other in a digital companion series, with the winner securing a spot in the Top 13. Later, it was removed on the seventeenth season. This was acquired in the ninth season of "The Voice of Germany", in the fourth season of "The Voice Indonesia" and in the of "La Voz".  The sixth season of "Giọng hát Việt" introduced "The Switch". If a coach has already filled his/her team but interest in a contestant later, he/she can press the Switch button to swap that contestant with one of the chosen artists before. Each coach only has one Switch during the course of the Blind auditions. The "Special coach" was also introduced this season, a role that shares similarities with the U.S. version's "Comeback Stage" coach. Instead of turning away from the stage as usual, the special coach's chair stay towards the stage during all performances, allowing him/her to know how the contestants look like, he/she has the ability to choose unlimited contestants, unlike other coaches, and his/her selection button is still valid even when the contestant has finished his/her performance. However, the special coach can only select contestant that were not chosen by three other coaches.

Battles twists.

The seventh season of "The Voice of Holland" features "non stop steal", which means that steals during the battle rounds follow a hot-seat procedure: a coach may replace his or her stolen contestant as many times as he or she likes until the end of the battles. This feature also applies in the seventh season of "The Voice of Poland", the seventh season of "Vocea României", fifth season of "The Voice van Vlaanderen", the fifth season of "The Voice Portugal", the sixth season of, the fourth season of "The Voice Ahla Sawt," and the ninth season of "The Voice of Germany" (dubbed "Steal Room").  Another format was introduced in the fourth season of "La Voz Kids España". The remaining contestants that was saved by the coaches will proceed to the fast-paced Battle Rounds wherein the "supercoach" will decide who will proceed to the live semi-finals.  The fifth season of" Giọng hát Việt" features "no-elimination", which is used only once throughout the battles when a coach does not want to eliminate one of two their contestants and wants to keep them in the next round. A coach has to ask and gets consent from both contestants. After getting consent, two contestants were retained and would become a duo (they were not a solo-contestant), combined together throughout the rest of the competition; if a coach does not get consent, they must choose only one to advance to the knockouts as the original format.

Knockouts twists.

The third season of "The Voice South Africa" introduced a new way to conduct the Knockout round: After each contestant's solo performance, the respective coach will have to decide whether they are in the Safe Zone (which means qualified for the Battles) or the Danger Zone (at risk of elimination). Each coach can only send three contestants to the Safe Zone but also have two steals across the round. After all members from one team have concluded their performances, the coach will save a number of artists from the Danger Zone to move on to the Battles. Contestants who are sent to the Danger Zone but not chosen by their coach or get stolen by another coach will be eliminated. However, audience can also vote for the artist in the Danger Zone by televoting. This rule was then applied in the of "", where six artists will be chosen for the Safe Zone, but public's vote is not included.

Live shows twists.

The cross-battle was introduced in the semi-final round of the fourth season of "The Voice of Holland". In this round, two contestants from two different team compete each other and the public vote determines who will advance.

Non-televised shows.

There were non-televised show as not seen in the various format of the franchise such as "The Voice of the Ocean" (US) with "Princess Cruises", "The Voice of the Sea" (Italian) with "Costa Cruises" and "The Voice Univa" (Spanish) with Grupo Telecentro in Argentina.

"The Voice" around the world.

A combined 443 singers have won "The Voice", "The Voice Kids", "The Voice Teens" and "The Voice Senior" in 145 countries/regions. Each winner is given a recording contract, a monetary prize, and a title as that nation's "Voice". The first winner was Ben Saunders of "The Voice of Holland" and the most recent was Georgi Shopov from the Bulgarian version of "The Voice".

Multi-franchise coaches.

The following coaches had appeared in multiple franchises:

Contestants who became coaches.

The following contestants became coaches in The Voice franchises:

The Voice is an international reality television singing competition franchise of Dutch origin. It is based on the reality singing competition "The Voice of Holland", which was originally created by Dutch television producer John de Mol. Many other countries have adapted the format and begun airing their own versions since 2010. It has become a rival to the "Idols" franchise, "Rising Star" and "The X Factor". As of 2020, the franchise is owned by ITV Studios.

《The Voice》是荷兰Tapla公司出品的一个跨国的歌唱比赛电视节目,该系列节目最初始于荷兰。2010年由John de Mol和Roel van Velzen创造的《荷兰之声》在荷兰RTL4电视台播出,随后在2011年4月-6月以《美国之声》为名在美国NBC电视台播出,另外其他很多国家也陆续推出本地版本,并将在2011年或2012年正式播出。


Club career.

NEC.

Cillessen was born in Nijmegen and grew up in nearby Groesbeek. He began playing for the youth team of local club De Treffers before being scouted to the NEC/FC Oss youth academy in 2001. In 2008, he signed his first professional contract with NEC and started playing for the reserves. In 2010, Cillessen agreed a new two-year contract at NEC until June 2012.  Following an injury to first-choice goalkeeper Gábor Babos, Cillessen made his senior debut on 28 August 2010 in a 2–2 home draw against SC Heerenveen and was voted the man of the match. Even when Babos returned from injury, Cillessen managed to keep his spot in the first team and signed a two-year contract extension that tied him to NEC until 2014. At the end of the 2010–11 season, Cillessen was awarded Gelderland footballer of the year.

Ajax.

On 27 August 2011, it was announced NEC and Ajax had reached an agreement for the transfer of Cillessen to the Amsterdam club for an estimated €3 million. He signed a five-year contract, binding him to Ajax until 2016.  Cillessen made his first appearance for Ajax on 21 September 2011, in a 2nd round KNVB Cup away match against VV Noordwijk. He played the full match, conceding only to Sijbren Bartlema in the 66th minute of the 3–1 away victory. He made his first league appearance for Ajax in a 2011–12 Eredivisie match on 23 October 2011 against arch-rivals Feyenoord, coming on as a 66th-minute substitute for right back Gregory van der Wiel, after starting goalkeeper Kenneth Vermeer had been shown a red card. With Ajax down to ten men, Cillessen helped Ajax retain a 1–1 draw after Jan Vertonghen tied the match just minutes after the ejection of Vermeer.  Cillessen's breakthrough into the first team began during the 2013 pre-season. Manager Frank de Boer said both of his two leading goalkeepers would get a chance to show why they should be his first choice. Early in that season, Cillessen made his first sustained run of appearances for Ajax in the Eredivisie.

Barcelona.

On 25 August 2016, Cillessen signed a five-year contract with Barcelona for an initial €13 million transfer fee plus another €2 million in add-ons, replacing the outgoing Claudio Bravo. After only three training sessions, he made his debut in a home La Liga match against Alavés, conceding twice from five attempts in a 1–2 loss.  Since his move to Barcelona in 2016, Cillessen managed to play a major role in the Copa del Rey for both the 2016–17 and 2017–18 seasons, starting 17 of 18 matches in the competition. Barcelona won the trophy in both seasons, making the club four-time consecutive Copa del Rey winners since 2014–15.  On 30 January 2019, he saved the first penalty of his professional career after 20 attempts in a 6–1 home win over Sevilla in the Copa del Rey, which enabled Barcelona to advanced to the semi-finals of the competition 6–3 on aggregate.

Valencia.

On 25 June 2019, Cillessen signed a four-year contract with Valencia, for a fee of €35 million. He made his debut on 17 August 2019, starting in a 1–1 home draw against Real Sociedad in La Liga.

International career.

Youth.

In October 2010, Cillessen was called-up for the Netherlands national under-21 team by the national team coach, Cor Pot, for the 2011 UEFA European Under-21 Championship qualification play-offs against Ukraine.

Senior.

After the 2010–11 season, Cillessen was placed in the pre-selection for the senior Netherlands squad's friendly matches against Uruguay and Brazil. Manager Bert van Marwijk eventually selected Cillessen for the Netherlands' friendly trip to South America. On 7 May 2012, Cillessen was named in the provisional list of 36 players for the UEFA Euro 2012 tournament, one of nine uncapped players to be chosen by Van Marwijk as part of the preliminary squad.  On 7 June 2013, Cillessen obtained his first cap for the Netherlands national team under manager Louis van Gaal, after several call-ups in the past. Cillessen played the first half in a friendly encounter against Indonesia in a 3–0 away win for the Dutch. He was relieved in goal by Kenneth Vermeer in the 46th minute, as the two helped keep a clean sheet during their friendly encounter in Asia.  In June 2014, Cillessen was selected in the Netherlands' squad for the 2014 FIFA World Cup. He was given the number 1 jersey and started in the team's opening match, a 5–1 victory against Spain in Salvador. He went on to start in every match in the tournament as the "Oranje" took third place. However, in the quarter-final against Costa Rica, Louis van Gaal unexpectedly substituted him for Tim Krul ahead of the penalty shootout, which the Dutch team won.

Career statistics.

Club.

Notes

Honours.

Club.

Ajax  Barcelona

International.

Netherlands

Jacobus Antonius Peter Johannes "Jasper" Cillessen (; born 22 April 1989) is a Dutch professional footballer who plays as a goalkeeper for Spanish club Valencia and the Netherlands national team.

雅斯珀·希勒森 (Jasper Cillessen)是荷兰的一位足球运动员,在场上司职守门员。他现在效力于西甲球队巴伦西亚,现任荷兰国家足球队成员。


路德维希·雅可布·贝尔特勒

Biography.

Ludwig Jakob Bertele was born 25 December 1900 in Munich, to an architect’s family.  In 1916 he began to work as an assistant of optics designer in Rodenstock firm in Munich. In 1919 he went to Dresden to work in. He worked there under the supervision of August Klughardt as designer of optics.  In 1919 Ludwig Bertele started to develop a type of optical scheme, subsequently known as. He has taken for a basis an optical scheme of cinema lens Ultrastigmat, a modified triplet, which was calculated by Charles C. Minor in 1916 and being produced by Gundlach Company. The main purpose was the increasing of light-gathering power and diminution of aberration.  In 1923, after four years of intensive efforts, he has patented his first ultra high-aperture objective Ernostar f/2, its successive versions followed until 1926. That lens was fitted to the Ermanox camera, which was specially developed for photo reportage. This was the first camera having sufficient speed and image quality for candid photography in available light conditions. The pictures of prominent political figures taken with it by Erich Salomon are widely known.  After the foundation of Zeiss Ikon in 1926, as a result of integration of companies ICA (Internationale Camera Actiengesellschaft), Optische Anstalt CP Goerz, Contessa-Nettel and with Carl Zeiss, Ludwig Bertele continued his work in Dresden except for a short trip to United States in 1929. An experimental optical workshop was given at the disposal of Bertele. That shop made all examples and prototypes of Bertele's calculations. Every lens got a unique five-cipher number; often a current number of the variant was also engraved.  In the late 1920s Bertele began the development of a series of excellent lenses, based generally on the second Ernostar type, which was developed in 1924 (i.e., each lens had a single positive element in front of it followed by a thick negative meniscus-shaped component, with a positive element behind). In 1931, the first example of such lenses appeared. It received the name Sonnar.  This lens consisted of seven elements in three groups with a maximum aperture of f/2. The main difference from his predecessor Ernostar was a lesser number of optical groups and therefore lesser light dispersion and higher contrast. Those lenses proved extraordinarily successful and got high marks from specialists.  In 1932 a Sonnar f/1.5 appeared, which was fitted to Zeiss Ikon's 35 mm Contax cameras. with Sonnar versions following with focal lengths from 50 to 300 mm been developed until 1940.  Around 1934, Bertele, having taken the scheme of Sonnar as a basis, created the first wide-angle lens Biogon with a 60° viewing angle.  In 1935, Ludwig Bertele calculated the Sonnar 180mm/2.8 on the occasion of the XI summer Olympic Games of 1936 in Berlin - hence the name "Olympia Sonnar". It was a fabulous lens, which made an image of highest quality with beautiful bokeh. This lens has been appreciated by photographers and collectors up to now.  Between 1943 and 1945, Ludwig Bertele was working in firm, situated in Munich and Lustenau. That firm worked for German weapons manufacturers, a/o, the German Ministry of aviation.  As Zeiss in Dresden and Jena had become part of the Soviet Zone of Occupation in 1945, they were required to transfer these designs as well as machinery and staff for training to Russia and the Ukraine, where all Sonnars were produced in vast numbers under the "Jupiter" designation, constituting by far the most desirable optical products from behind the Iron Curtain until this day. The East and West German Zeiss production was tiny by comparison, while Ludwig Bertele, fortunately in absence, had become the most significant optical designer of the former Soviet Union for over four decades.  In 1946, he moved to Switzerland, where he founded an optical bureau and started to work in Wild Heerbrugg Company (now Leica Geosystems) in the field of photogrammetry and geodesic devices. In 1950 he created an aerial 90° viewing-angle lens Aviogon, which was free from optical aberrations. Distortion was less than 10 μm at any point of the image field, and the resolution at F/4.5 was excellent. The new lens quickly replaced the Topogon and Metrogon as the standard lens for aerial photography and photogrammetry. This lens, as well as 120° Super Aviogon, which appeared in 1956, won a great number of prizes and merited general recognition.  At the same time he computed new optical designs for Carl Zeiss in Oberkochen. Thus, a Biogon with 90° viewing-angle appeared in 1954. This new design was the basis of ultra wide-angle lenses, such as Biogon F/4.5 21 mm 1954 for Contax; Biogon F/4.5 38 mm 1954 for Hasselblad; Biogon F/4.5 53 mm and Biogon F/4.5 75 mm 1955 for Linhof. NASA used the Hasselblad Biogon to document Project Gemini (1965/66) and later the Apollo program (1968-72). In addition to this he developed objectives for Schacht firm and got special tasks for computations of oculars etc.  He left the firm in 1956, continuing his own research and giving consultations. In 1959, he was awarded the rank of Honorary Doctor of ETH Zurich and he appraised it greatly.  Having retired in 1973, Ludwig Bertele continued to work a lot. He received his last patent in 1976.  In his last years he lived in the small town Wildhaus in canton St. Gallen in Switzerland.  He died on 16 November 1985.

Ludwig Jakob Bertele (25 December 1900 – 16 November 1985) was a German optics constructor. His developments received universal recognition and serve as a basis for considerable part of the optical designs used today.

路德维希·雅可布·贝尔特勒(,1900年-1985年),德国光学设计家。1900年生于德国慕尼黑。1920年受聘于德国额内曼公司(Ernemann) 为光学设计师。1926年额内曼并入蔡司公司,贝尔特勒成为蔡司的光学设计师。


European career.

Lithuania (2005–2009).

In 2005, Motiejūnas began his career playing with Žalgiris Kaunas' junior team, Žalgiris-Arvydas Sabonis school, who play in the Lithuanian National Basketball League. In 2007–08, he made his debut for the senior team in a Baltic League game against the ASK Riga. He scored 15 points in 22 minutes.  In 2008, Motiejūnas signed with Aisčiai Kaunas for the 2008–09 season where he went on to average 19.9 points and 7.0 rebounds in 29.3 minutes per game, and he scored a season-high 29 points in a Lithuanian League game against Nevėžis on March 22, 2009.

Italy (2009–2011).

In August 2009, Motiejūnas signed a multi-year deal with Benetton Treviso of the Lega Basket Serie A. In 33 league games in 2009–10, he averaged 9.8 points and 5.2 rebounds per game.  In April 2010, Motiejūnas declared for the 2010 NBA draft, but later withdrew and returned to Benetton. He went on to win the 2011 EuroCup Rising Star award after helping Benetton reach the EuroCup 2010–11 Final Four, averaging 10.9 points and 5.6 rebounds per game.

Poland (2011–2012).

On June 23, 2011, Motiejūnas was selected with the 20th overall pick in the 2011 NBA draft by the Minnesota Timberwolves. The next day, his rights were traded, along with Jonny Flynn, to the Houston Rockets in exchange for Brad Miller and the draft rights to the 23rd overall pick, Nikola Mirotić. Due to the NBA lockout, Motiejūnas returned to Europe.  On September 22, 2011, Benetton loaned Motiejūnas to Asseco Prokom of Poland for the 2011–12 season. On December 7, 2011, he recorded a career-high 21 rebounds (18 defensive) against Union Olimpija, the most defensive rebounds in a EuroLeague game since the 2000–01 season. He also helped lead Asseco Prokom to a ninth consecutive PLK title in 2012. During the seventh and final game of the PLK Finals, he recorded 23 points and 11 rebounds.

NBA career.

Houston Rockets (2012–2016).

2012–13 season.

On July 6, 2012, Motiejūnas signed a four-year, rookie scale contract with the Houston Rockets and joined them for the 2012 NBA Summer League. In his summer league debut, he recorded 25 points, 9 rebounds, 2 assists, 2 steals and 1 block. After the game, he quoted a famous Lithuanian idiom describing his debut: "Jeigu bijai vilko – neik į mišką" ("English:" If you're scared of wolves, don't go into the woods). Overall, he averaged 16.3 points and 7.8 rebounds in four games.  On November 14, 2012, Motiejūnas was assigned to Rio Grande Valley Vipers of the NBA Development League. In his D-League debut on November 23, he recorded 31 points, 8 rebounds, 3 assists and 1 steals. Two days later, he was recalled by the Rockets. He was later reassigned two more times throughout the season and in seven D-League games, he averaged 20.3 points, 9.7 rebounds and 3.0 assists per game. In 44 games for the Rockets, he averaged 5.7 points and 2.1 rebounds per game.

2013–14 season.

On October 30, 2013, the Rockets exercised their third-year team option on Motiejūnas' rookie scale contract, extending the contract through the 2014–15 season. As a result of a disappointing start to the 2013–14 season with little playing time, Motiejūnas said: “When you give everything you got, you want to get something back and we are not getting for a long time. It’s really not easy to just sit and watch when others are playing. I try to stay positive. I try to help the team. I try to be productive in practices. That’s all I can do. That’s all that is in my power and other things are not in my power so I can not be worried about those things.” He went on to play 62 games for the Rockets while averaging 5.5 points and 3.6 rebounds per game.

2014–15 season.

In August 2014, Motiejūnas came under fire for comments made about his Rocket teammates James Harden and Dwight Howard, describing their relationship as "Hi & bye. They even eat separately from the team. Usually in some fast food place." The comments came in an interview with Lithuanian media. It was later revealed that Motiejūnas was misquoted in his comments due to an incorrect translation by Lithuanian media from Lithuanian to English.  On October 30, 2014, the Rockets exercised their fourth-year team option on Motiejūnas' rookie scale contract, extending the contract through the 2015–16 season. With Dwight Howard out for a string of 11 games during November and December, and Terrence Jones out for the majority of the first half of the season, Motiejūnas began to dominate in shaping a career-best season as he averaged 14.3 points and 7.1 rebounds per game in Howard's 11-game absence. Then, even with Howard's return on December 13, Motiejūnas scored a then career-high 25 points on 11-of-19 shooting to help the Rockets defeat the Denver Nuggets, 108-96.  On January 30, 2015, Motiejūnas scored a career-high 26 points in a 93-87 win over the Boston Celtics. On March 27, he was ruled out for one to two weeks with lower back pain and tightness. However, the injury later ruled him out for the rest of the season and put his chances of playing for the Lithuanian national team in doubt.  In his third NBA season, Motiejūnas led the league in post-up field goal percentage (53.4%), with his biggest competitor being fellow Lithuanian Jonas Valančiūnas of the Toronto Raptors (51.3%). In recognition, Jonathan Feigen of the Houston Chronicle awarded Motiejūnas an "A" grade for his 2014–15 season performance.

2015–16 season.

On December 1, 2015, Motiejūnas was cleared to return to practice, having been out since March 2015 after requiring surgery to repair a herniated disk in his back. Four days later, he returned to the Rockets' line-up and made his season debut, earning a standing ovation when he entered the game for the first time during the first quarter of the team's 120–113 win over the Sacramento Kings. He had one rebound and took a charge in six minutes of play. In his fourth game back, on December 12, Motiejūnas scored 11 points off the bench in a 126–97 win over the Los Angeles Lakers. He played in 14 straight games for the Rockets, including making one start, before more back pain forced him out again. He subsequently missed all of January's action, and on January 30, he was assigned to the Rio Grande Valley Vipers for the first time since 2013 to complete his rehab from the back injury. He later received two more assignments to the Vipers.  On February 18, 2016, Motiejūnas and Marcus Thornton were traded to the Detroit Pistons in a three-team trade involving the Rockets and the Philadelphia 76ers. However, four days later, the Pistons rescinded their trade following a failed physical by Motiejūnas. On February 27, Motiejūnas returned to the Rockets' line-up and played for the first time since December 31. The Rockets finished the regular season as the eighth seed in the Western Conference with a 41–41 record. In the first round of the playoffs, the Rockets faced the first-seeded Golden State Warriors, and in a Game 3 win on April 21, Motiejūnas recorded 14 points and 13 rebounds for his first career double-double in the postseason.

2016–17 season.

After the 2015–16 season, Motiejūnas became a restricted free agent. On December 2, 2016, following a prolonged contract dispute with the Rockets which lasted into the first month of the 2016–17 season, he received a four-year, $37 million offer sheet from the Brooklyn Nets, which the Rockets matched three days later. A day after the Rockets matched his four-year offer sheet to retain him, Motiejūnas did not show up for his scheduled physical exam with the team. Motiejūnas' camp made the decision to not report to the Rockets because of a difference of nearly $6 million from the offer sheet he signed with the Nets; the Rockets only had to match the principle terms of the offer sheet, which came to $31 million. As a result, on December 9, the two sides negotiated a new four-year, partially guaranteed deal worth between $35 million and $37 million with bonus clauses. While they appeared to have a new deal in place, Motiejūnas was sent home before the team's game on December 10 after taking a physical, and five days later, the Rockets renounced the four-year deal and their rights to Motiejūnas, allowing him to become an unrestricted free agent.

New Orleans Pelicans (2017).

On January 3, 2017, Motiejūnas signed with the New Orleans Pelicans. He made his debut for the Pelicans four days later, recording 11 points and five rebounds in 20 minutes off the bench in a 117–108 loss to the Boston Celtics. An unexpected trade during the All-Star break for DeMarcus Cousins led to a diminishing role for Motiejūnas. He initially appeared in 21 consecutive games after signing with New Orleans, but from February 25 through April 4, he logged 11 DNPs out of a 20-game span.

Shandong Golden Stars (2017–2019).

On August 9, 2017, Motiejūnas signed a one-year, $2.2 million contract with the Shandong Golden Stars of the Chinese Basketball Association. It was reported that he was the highest paid foreigner of the whole league. On February 1, 2018, Motiejūnas recorded a triple double leading his team to an important 127–103 victory versus the Jiangsu Dragons by scoring 29 points, grabbing 15 rebounds and dishing out 10 assists. On March 13, 2018, Motiejūnas began the 2018 CBA Playoffs with 24 points, 7 rebounds and a victory versus the Jiangsu Dragons 104–100. His team defeated Jiangsu Dragons 3–0 in the first round after their third 127–104 victory during which Motiejūnas scored 29 points and grabbed 13 rebounds. In the semi-final, they faced Zhejiang Lions club, which offered a much higher competition. His team tied the series 2–2 after Motiejūnas solid contribution of 35 points (a career-high in China) and 14 rebounds versus his direct opponent Ioannis Bourousis. Despite his yet another astonishing performance of 31 points, 13 rebounds, 2 blocks and one assist, his team was eliminated in the series 3–4 after losing a decisive game 95–105.  On November 8, 2018, Motiejūnas achieved his career rebounds record by grabbing 25 rebounds and scoring 24 points that led his team to a 100–82 victory versus the Jiangsu Dragons. Less than a week later, on November 13, 2018, he improved his rebounds record once again by scoring 32 points and grabbing 32 rebounds, his team defeated the Shanghai Sharks 99–96.  On March 3, 2019, Motiejūnas scored a career high 43 points, grabbed 17 rebounds, dished out 6 assists and led his team to a 122–83 victory. Despite a terrific 2018–19 CBA regular season, during which he averaged 27.3 points, 14 rebounds, 4.2 assists and 1.8 steals, his team was eliminated in the first round of the 2019 CBA Playoffs, after losing 113–105 to the Jiangsu Dragons on March 20, 2019.

San Antonio Spurs (2019).

On April 4, 2019, Motiejūnas signed with the San Antonio Spurs. He declined to sign a new contract with the Spurs because the Shanghai Sharks of the CBA offered a much more valuable deal.

Shanghai Sharks (2019–2020).

On August 27, 2019, Motiejūnas signed a $6 million contract with the Shanghai Sharks (about $1 million per month). On October 1, 2019, he powerfully debuted his new team during a preseason game versus the Houston Rockets with 27 points, 11 rebounds, 3 steals and assists, however his team was crushed 71–140. On June 9, 2020, it was reported that Motiejūnas had parted ways with the Shanghai Sharks.

National team career.

Motiejūnas was a part of the Lithuanian Under-16, Under-18 and Under-20 junior national teams. With Lithuania's junior national teams, he played at the 2006 FIBA Europe Under-16 Championship, both the 2007 FIBA Europe Under-18 Championship and the 2008 FIBA Europe Under-18 Championship, the 2009 FIBA Under-19 World Championship, and the 2009 FIBA Europe Under-20 Championship.  Motiejūnas led Lithuania's junior national team to the silver medal at the 2008 FIBA Europe Under-18 Championship. Despite losing to Greece's junior national team in the gold medal game, he was named the MVP of the tournament, after averaging 18.2 points, 10.2 rebounds and 1.8 blocks per game. At the 2008 FIBA Europe Under-20 Championship, he averaged 11.2 points and 5.4 rebounds per game.  In 2013, Motiejūnas won a silver medal with Lithuania's national team at the FIBA EuroBasket tournament and went on compete for the national team at the 2014 FIBA Basketball World Cup, where he averaged 7.4 points and 4.0 rebounds in nine games.  In June 2015, Motiejūnas ruled himself out of the 2015 FIBA EuroBasket to continue recovering from a back injury he sustained while playing for the Houston Rockets.

Personal life.

Motiejūnas has a large tattoo on his chest of an eagle clutching a basketball. He explained, "I really like the attitudes of eagles. They never give up. When they grab a fish or something else, they never let it go." Motiejūnas is a fan of FC Bayern Munich and Germany national football team.

Donatas Motiejūnas (; born September 20, 1990) is a Lithuanian professional basketball player who last played for the Shanghai Sharks of the Chinese Basketball Association (CBA). He was drafted 20th overall in the 2011 NBA draft by the Minnesota Timberwolves before going on to win the 2012 Polish Basketball League championship with Asseco Prokom Gdynia. After spending four seasons with the Houston Rockets from 2012 to 2016, Motiejūnas joined the New Orleans Pelicans in January 2017.

多纳塔斯·莫泰尤纳斯(,1990年-9月20日),立陶宛职业篮球运动员,身高2米13,可以胜任大前锋和中锋两个位置。


Plot.

U.S. Army pilot Captain Colter Stevens wakes up on a Metra commuter train going into Chicago. Stevens is disoriented, as his last memory was himself flying on a mission in Afghanistan. However, to the world around him – including his friend Christina Warren and his reflections in the train's window and mirror – he appears to be Sean Fentress, a school teacher. As he expresses his confusion to Christina, the train explodes, killing everyone aboard.  Then Stevens finds himself inside a dimly lit cockpit. Communicating through a video screen, Air Force Captain Colleen Goodwin verifies Stevens' identity and tells him of his mission to find the train bomber before sending him back to the beginning. Believing he is being tested in a simulation, Stevens finds the bomb, but is unable to identify the bomber before the train explodes again.  Stevens reawakens in his capsule and, after demanding to be briefed, learns that the train explosion actually happened, and that it was the first attack of a series. He is sent back again, eight minutes before the explosion, to identify the bomber. This time, he disembarks the train (with Christina) to follow a suspect. However, he falls on the tracks and is killed by a passing train.  The capsule power supply malfunctions as Stevens reawakens. He claims to have saved Christina, but Dr. Rutledge tells him she was saved only inside the "Source Code." Rutledge explains that the Source Code is an experimental machine that reconstructs the past using the dead passengers' residual collective memories of eight minutes before their deaths. Therefore, the only thing that matters is finding the bomber to prevent the coming second attack.  On his next run in, Stevens learns he was reported as killed in action two months ago. He confronts Goodwin, who reveals he is missing most of his body and is on life support and hooked up to neural sensors. The capsule and his healthy body are "manifestations" made by his mind to make sense of the environment. Angry at this forced imprisonment, Stevens asks to be terminated after the mission, and Rutledge accepts.  After numerous attempts, Stevens identifies the bomber, a terrorist named Derek Frost. Stevens memorizes Frost's license and vehicle registration plates. However, he is again unable to stop the train explosion. Outside Source Code, he relays his knowledge to Goodwin, which helps the police arrest Frost and prevents the second attack. Stevens is congratulated for completing his mission. Rutledge secretly reneges on his deal to let Stevens die, as he is still the only candidate that can enter Source Code.  Being more sympathetic to his plight, Goodwin sends Stevens back one last time and promises to disconnect his life support after eight minutes. This time, he sets a date with Christina, defuses the bomb, apprehends Frost and reports him to the police. He calls his father under the guise of a fellow soldier and reconciles with him, and sends Goodwin a text message. After eight minutes, Goodwin terminates Stevens' life support.  As the world around him continues to progress beyond eight minutes, Stevens confirms his suspicion that Source Code is not merely a simulation, but a gateway to alternate realities. He and Christina leave the train and go on a date. In the same (alternate) reality, Goodwin receives Stevens' message. He tells her of Source Code's true capability and asks her to help the alternate-reality version of him.

Production.

Pre-production.

David Hahn, the boy depicted in the 2003 made-for-television documentary "The Nuclear Boy Scout", was the inspiration for the antagonist Derek Frost. In an article published by the Writers Guild of America, screenwriter Ben Ripley is described as providing the original pitch to the studios responsible for producing "Source Code",  After seeing "Moon", Gyllenhaal lobbied for Jones to direct "Source Code"; Jones liked the fast-paced script; as he later said: "There were all sorts of challenges and puzzles and I kind of like solving puzzles, so it was kind of fun for me to work out how to achieve all these difficult things that were set up in the script."  In the ending scene, Jake Gyllenhaal's and Michelle Monaghan's characters are seen walking through Millennium Park, and make their way to the Cloud Gate. In a 2011 interview, Gyllenhaal discussed how director Duncan Jones felt the structure was a metaphor for the movie's subject matter, and aimed for it to feature at the beginning and end of the movie.

Filming.

Principal photography began on March 1, 2010, in Montreal, Quebec, and ended on April 29, 2010. Several scenes were shot in Chicago, Illinois, specifically at Millennium Park and the Main Building at the Illinois Institute of Technology, although the sign showing the name of the latter, in the intersection of 31st Street and S LaSalle Street, was edited out.  Initially, some filming was scheduled at the Ottawa Train Station in Ottawa, Ontario, but was cancelled for lack of an agreement with VIA Rail.

Post-production.

Editing took place in Los Angeles. In July 2010, the film was in the visual effects stage of post-production. Most of the VFX work was handled by Montreal studios, including Modus FX, Rodeo FX, Oblique FX, and Fly Studio. Jones had confirmed that the film's soundtrack would be composed by Clint Mansell, in his second collaboration with the composer. However, it was later announced that Mansell would no longer score the soundtrack due to time constraints.

Release.

Theatrical release.

The film received its world premiere at South by Southwest on March 11, 2011. Summit Entertainment released the film to theaters in the United States and Canada on April 1, 2011. In France, the film was released on April 20, 2011.

Home media.

"Source Code" was released on DVD and Blu-ray simultaneously in the United States on July 26, 2011, with the United Kingdom release on DVD and Blu-ray (as well as a combined DVD/Blu-ray package) on August 15, 2011. In the UK, there was also a Blu-ray/DVD "Double Play" release featuring a lenticular slipcover.

Reception.

Box office.

"Source Code" grossed $54.7 million in the United States and Canada, and $92.6 million in other territories, for a worldwide total of $147.3 million, against a production budget of $32 million.  The film was released in theaters on April 1, 2011. In the United States and Canada, "Source Code" was released theatrically in 2,961 conventional theaters. The film made $14.8 million and debuted in second in its opening weekend.  Despite its grosses, Director Duncan Jones has said that the studio claims the film has never turned a profit, which is attributed to Hollywood accounting.

Critical response.

Review aggregator website Rotten Tomatoes reports a 92% approval rating, based on an aggregation of 261 reviews, with an average rating of 7.5/10. The site's consensus reads, "Finding the human story amidst the action, director Duncan Jones and charming Jake Gyllenhaal craft a smart, satisfying sci-fi thriller." Metacritic awarded the film an average score of 74/100, based on 41 reviews, indicating "generally favorable reviews".  Critics have compared "Source Code" with both the 1993 film "Groundhog Day", and British film director Tony Scott's 2006 time-altering science fiction film "Déjà Vu": in the latter case, the similarity of plotline in the protagonist's determination to change the past was highlighted, and his emotional commitment to save the victim, rather than simply try to discover the identity of the perpetrator of the crime. Alternatively, it has been described as a "cross between "Groundhog Day" and "Murder on the Orient Express"," while "The Arizona Republic" film critic Bill Goodykoontz says that comparing "Source Code" to "Groundhog Day" is doing a disservice to "Source Code" enthralling "mind game."  Richard Roeper of the "Chicago Sun-Times" called the film, "Confounding, exhilarating, challenging – and the best movie I've seen so far in 2011." Roger Ebert gave the film 3.5 stars out of 4, calling it "an ingenious thriller" where "you forgive the preposterous because it takes you to the perplexing." Kenneth Turan of the "Los Angeles Times" called Ben Ripley's script "cleverly constructed" and a film "crisply directed by Duncan Jones." He also praised the "cast with the determination and ability to really sell its story." CNN called Ripley's script "ingenious" and the film "as authoritative an exercise in fractured storytelling as Christopher Nolan's "Memento"." He also commented that Gyllenhaal is "more compelling here than he's been in a long time."

Source Code is a 2011 American science fiction action thriller film directed by Duncan Jones and written by Ben Ripley. It stars Jake Gyllenhaal as a U.S. Army captain who is sent into a computed reality to find a bomber. Michelle Monaghan, Vera Farmiga, and Jeffrey Wright play supporting roles. The film had its world premiere on March 11, 2011 at South by Southwest, and was released by Summit Entertainment on April 1, 2011 in North America and Europe.

《危机解密》(英语:"Source Code")是一部2011年的美国科幻惊悚片,是邓肯·琼斯执导的第二部作品。主要演员包括 杰克·葛伦霍、薇拉·法蜜嘉和蜜雪儿·摩纳汉。本片于2011年3月11日在西南偏南大会上首映,4月1日由顶峰娱乐在北美和欧洲发行。


Budget.

The DSI's budget for fiscal year (FY) 2019 was 1,190 million baht, up from 1,102 million baht in FY2018.

Controversies.

Tawatchai Incident.

On 30 August 2016 it was reported by DSI that one of the suspects it had detained was allegedly found unconscious and hanging in his cell. The suspect, Tawatchai Anukul, who was a suspect in a case of land deed fraud, was then rushed to Mongkutwattana Hospital where he was pronounced dead after several attempts at revival. DSI gave conflicting reports about how Tawatchai was found, with one official stating he likely committed suicide by hanging himself with his shirt. Another official gave a report stating he was found hanging by his socks. Tawatchai's family reported that DSI gave them contradictory information regarding his death. For instance, family members pointed out that the wound on Tawatchai's neck looked like it came from a wire rather than clothing.  A post-mortem examination revealed that Tawatchai had died of a ruptured liver, suggesting blunt trauma, as well as suffocation. DSI stated that the liver rupture was due to the hospital team performing CPR on Tawatchai in an attempt to revive him, which the hospital dismissed as impossible. DSI also announced that their CCTV servers had malfunctioned at the time and therefore there were no recordings from security cameras of the incident.

Article 44 death.

During the 23 day lock down of Wat Phra Dhammakaya in 2017 that junta leader Prayut Chan-o-cha ordered using article 44 of the interim constitution, one follower in the temple died of an asthma attack during the operation. According to temple spokespeople, the death was caused by the halting of an ambulance at the junta's blockade that delayed emergency response. DSI, however, claimed that the temple did not notify emergency services until after the follower had died. DSI stepped back from this statement later, when the temple revealed time stamped LINE messages asking for emergency services that supported Wat Phra Dhammakaya's account of the timeline. The authenticity of the messages was not disputed by DSI, however DSI still denied delaying emergency services.

The Department of Special Investigation (DSI) is a department of the Ministry of Justice of Thailand. It operates independently of the Royal Thai Police and is tasked with the investigation of certain "special cases". These include complex criminal cases, those affecting national security, those involving organised criminal organisations and those potentially implicating high-ranking government officials or police officers.

特别调查局,也译作特别调查厅,是隶属于泰国司法部,独立于泰国皇家警察,负责专案(special case)侦察的机构。包括复杂的刑事案件、危害国家安全的案件、有组织犯罪案件、高级政府官员的案件、警察队伍内部的案件、政治案件等。


History.

Évora was raised to archiepiscopal rank in 1544, at which time it was given as suffragans the diocese of Leiria and diocese of Portalegre; in 1570 and later were added the diocese of Silves, diocese of Ceuta, diocese of Congo, diocese of São Tomé, diocese of Funchal, diocese of Cabo Verde, and diocese of Angra.  Its bishop, Quintianus, was present at the Synod of Elvira early in the fourth century. There exists no complete list of his successors for the next two centuries, though some are known from ancient diptychs. In 584 the Visigothic king, Liuvigild, incorporated with his state the Kingdom of the Suebi, to which Évora had hitherto belonged. From the sixth and seventh centuries there remain a few Christian inscriptions pertaining to Évora. In one of them has been interpolated the name of a Bishop Julian (1 December, 566); he is, however, inadmissible. Thenceforth the episcopal list is known from the reign of Reccared (586) to the Islamic invasion (714), after which the succession is quite unknown for four centuries and a half, with the exception of the epitaph of a Bishop Daniel (January, 1100).  Until the reconquest (1166) by Afonso I of Portugal, Évora was suffragan to the archdiocese of Mérida. Under this king it became suffragan to the archdiocese of Braga, despite the protests of the Archbishops of Compostella, administrators of Mérida. In 1274, however, the latter succeeded in bringing Évora within their jurisdiction. Finally, it became suffragan to the archdiocese of Lisbon from 1394 to 1544, when it was made an archbishopric.  Portuguese writers have maintained that the first bishop of Évora was St. Mantius, a Roman, and a disciple of Jesus Christ, sent by the Apostles into the Iberian Peninsula as a missionary of the Gospel.  Pedro Gomez Barroso † ( 1378 Appointed – )

The Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Évora () has Évora Cathedral as its see. It has as suffragans the diocese of Beja and diocese of Faro. The current Archbishop of Évora is José Francisco Sanches Alves.

天主教埃武拉总教区(、),是罗马天主教会以葡萄牙南部埃武拉为中心的一个总主教区。下辖两个教区,贝雅教区和法鲁教区。