Early life.

Harmon was born in Milwaukee, Wisconsin. He graduated from Brown Deer High School in Brown Deer, a suburb of Milwaukee, and attended Marquette University. He briefly attended Glendale Community College. He would later use his experiences at the school to form the basis of the show "Community".

Career.

Early career (1996–2008).

Harmon was a member of ComedySportz Milwaukee, alongside Rob Schrab, a member of the sketch troupe The Dead Alewives. They produced an album, "Take Down the Grand Master", in 1996. Harmon frequently appeared at Milwaukee's Safehouse free comedy stage early in his career. A notable routine was a song about masturbation. Harmon co-created the television pilot "Heat Vision and Jack" (starring Owen Wilson and Jack Black) and several Channel 101 shows, some featuring Black, Drew Carey, and Sarah Silverman. He co-created Comedy Central's "The Sarah Silverman Program" and served as head writer for several episodes.  Harmon portrayed a highly fictionalized version of Ted Templeman on two episodes of the Channel 101 web series "Yacht Rock", a satirical history of soft rock, featuring stories about Templeman's collaborations with The Doobie Brothers, Michael McDonald and Van Halen. He was the creator, executive producer, and a featured performer in "Acceptable.TV", a Channel 101-based sketch show airing for eight episodes in March 2007 on VH1. He and Rob Schrab co-wrote the screenplay for the Academy Award-nominated film "Monster House". He is credited with writing part of Rob Schrab's comic book series "", as well as the spin-off comic series "La Cosa Nostroid".

"Community" (2009–2012; 2014–2015).

In 2009, Harmon's sitcom "Community", inspired by his own community college experiences, was picked up by NBC to be in its fall lineup. Harmon served as executive producer and showrunner for 3 seasons until May 18, 2012, when it was announced that Harmon was being terminated from his position on "Community" as a result of creative conflicts between himself and Sony executives. On June 1, 2013, Harmon announced that he would be returning to "Community", serving as co-showrunner along with Chris McKenna; this was confirmed by Sony Pictures on June 10. NBC cancelled the show after its fifth season in May 2014, after which Harmon announced on June 30, 2014 that Yahoo! had renewed the series for a 13-episode sixth season to air online on Yahoo! Screen.

"Harmontown" (2011–2019) and "Harmonquest" (2016–present).

On May 23, 2011, Harmon began hosting a monthly live comedy show and podcast at Meltdown Comics in Hollywood called "Harmontown". After his firing from "Community", the show became weekly. The show is co-hosted by Jeff B. Davis. Notably, Harmontown has featured a regular segment where the hosts played an ongoing campaign of pen-and-paper role-playing games, first "Dungeons & Dragons", and later "Shadowrun", with the help of show Game Master Spencer Crittenden. The segment inspired the Seeso original animated series HarmonQuest. The show has featured guests such as Kumail Nanjiani, Curtis Armstrong, Bobcat Goldthwait, Mitch Hurwitz, Aubrey Plaza, Eric Idle, Greg Proops, Jason Sudeikis, Zoe Lister-Jones, Ryan Stiles, as well as Harmon's then-wife, podcaster Erin McGathy. Harmon and Davis took the show on tour in early 2013, broadcasting from Austin, Nashville, Somerville, Massachusetts, Brooklyn, Rhode Island, and more. The tour became the subject of a documentary produced by director Neil Berkeley that follows Harmon, Davis, McGathy, and Crittenden. The documentary, also called "Harmontown", premiered at the Austin Film Festival SXSW on March 8, 2014. On September 10, 2019, the Harmontown Twitter account announced that the podcast would be coming to an end, and its final episode was published on December 5, 2019.

"Rick and Morty" and Starburns Industries (2013–present).

Harmon and co-showrunner, Justin Roiland, began developing ideas for an animated show during Harmon's yearlong break from "Community". For its fall 2012 season, Adult Swim ordered a 30-minute animated pilot from Harmon and Roiland. The pilot, "Rick and Morty", is about the adventures of a brilliant but mean-spirited inventor and his less-than-genius grandson. The show premiered on December 2, 2013 and was renewed for a second season. The series' third season concluded in October 2017. Harmon voiced the recurring character of Bird Person. In May 2018, "Rick and Morty" was renewed for a further 70 episodes after Harmon and Roiland came to an agreement with Adult Swim.  During this time, Harmon also co-founded Starburns Industries, a production house, which was involved in the creation of "Rick and Morty" and "Anomalisa".

"The Sirens of Titan" (TBA).

It was announced that Kurt Vonnegut's 1959 novel "The Sirens of Titan" would be made into a television series and would be adapted by Dan Harmon and Evan Katz.

"Story Circle" technique.

Harmon has invented a storytelling framework referred to as the "Story Circle." He began developing the technique in the late '90s, while stuck on a screenplay. He wanted to codify the storytelling process — to find the structure powering movies and TV shows. "I was thinking, there must be some symmetry to this," Harmon told "Wired". "Some simplicity." While working on Channel 101, Harmon found that many of the directors he was working with claimed that they were unable to write plots for television shows. This caused Harmon to distill Joseph Campbell's structure of the Monomyth into a simple, circular eight-step process that would reliably produce coherent stories.  The story circle can supposedly be applied to all stories. Harmon uses it whenever he is writing a new story, saying "I can't not see that circle. It's tattooed on my brain." The circle is divided into eight segments, each representing a stage of the plot. A character is introduced, wants something, enters a new environment, adapts to that environment, achieves their goal but encounters problems as a result, leaves that world and changes as a result. The steps are as follows:  Joseph Campbell's structure of the Monomyth is the main influence in Harmon's technique. In a blog post detailing the second sector of the circle Harmon explains, "The point of this part of the circle is, our protagonist has been thrown into the water and now it's sink or swim. In "Hero with a Thousand Faces", Campbell actually evokes the image of a digestive tract, breaking the hero down, divesting him of neuroses, stripping him of fear and desire. There's no room for bullshit in the unconscious basement. Asthma inhalers, eyeglasses, credit cards, fratty boyfriends, promotions, toupees and cell phones can't save you here. The purpose here has become refreshingly – and frighteningly – simple." The Monomyth has been adapted for screen and television writing before, most notably by former Disney developmental executive Christopher Vogler in his book "". Harmon has noted this book as an influence on the embryo technique, as well as the work of Syd Field.  Harmon states that this circular structure of storytelling can be applied both to film and TV, suggesting in a Channel 101 blog that only the final intentions are different. "A feature film's job is to send you out of the theatre on a high in 90 minutes. Television's job is to keep you glued to the television for your entire life. This doesn't entail making stories any less circular (TV circles are so circular they're sometimes irritatingly predictable). It just means that the focus of step 8 is less riling-things-up and more getting-things-back-to-where-they-started," he says. Harmon has used the Story Embryo technique extensively throughout projects such as "Community" and "Rick and Morty". In an interview on Collider, writer Adam Chitwood said, "The show ["Rick and Morty"] debuted in 2013 to a serious degree of anticipation, as it marked a new animated venture for "Community" creator Dan Harmon, but it was the marriage of Harmon's adeptness for structure and character and co-creator Justin Roiland's insanely creative/sometimes insane mind that made "Rick and Morty" much more than just another animated TV series for adults."  Fans and critics have retroactively applied Harmon's Story Circle to other shows, such as "Breaking Bad". Harmon's technique has been adopted by Irish sitcom writer Graham Linehan, the creator of shows such as "Father Ted", "The IT Crowd", and "Black Books". In an interview with the "Telegraph", Linehan said: "Whenever I write for television, I plan the story on whiteboard wallpaper in my office, using a system created by the American writer Dan Harmon, saying, 'It's remarkably simple: a character wants something; they enter a new world and adapt to it; they get what they want, re-enter the old world and change.' The great thing about it is that once you have an idea for one bit, the section opposite comes naturally, as do the ones on either side, and so on. It's basically a distillation of the 'hero's journey' idea, but it's undetectable and applies to any ideas, big or small."

Awards.

In July 2009, Harmon was nominated in two Emmy categories for his part in writing the 81st Academy Awards telecast: Outstanding Writing for a Variety Special and Outstanding Original Music and Lyrics, the latter of which he was awarded for "Hugh Jackman Opening Number" at the 61st Primetime Emmy Awards.  He was also nominated with Chris McKenna for a Hugo award for writing the "Community" episode, ”Remedial Chaos Theory”.

Personal life.

In 2011, while writing the character Abed for "Community", Harmon discovered he might have Asperger syndrome. Harmon had this to say on the matter on a podcast hosted by Kevin Pollack.  In December 2013, Harmon proposed to his girlfriend Erin McGathy. The two married in November 2014. They announced they were divorcing in October 2015.  In 2016, Harmon started dating Cody Heller. In January 2019, Heller proposed to Harmon and the couple are now engaged.

Controversies.

Sexual misconduct.

On January 2, 2018, Dan Harmon alluded to misconduct from himself towards other people. Megan Ganz, a writer who worked with Harmon on "Community" responded, naming herself as a victim in said misconduct. Harmon responded by attempting a dialogue with Ganz, wherein he attempted to apologize, and though Ganz said she appreciated his gestures, she declined to forgive him. After the exchange, Harmon made a lengthy apology on his podcast "Harmontown" where he went into detail about his wrongdoings which included making advances on her and then mistreating her after she turned him down. Ganz said that she felt vindicated by the admission and accepted his apology, urging her Twitter followers to listen to this episode of "Harmontown", and calling it a "master class in how to apologize," ultimately forgiving him.

Baby doll video controversy.

In July 2018, Harmon received criticism when a comedy skit from 2009 resurfaced. In the video titled "Daryl", which was intended to be a parody of "Dexter", Harmon acts out a rape using a baby doll as a prop. "Vox" reported that the video was circulated on 4chan and spread by alt-right users as part of a coordinated attempt to discredit public figures perceived as having leftist viewpoints. Harmon apologized for the video, while multiple sources associated his decision to delete his Twitter account with the backlash. Adult Swim released a statement criticizing the video, but they appeared satisfied with Harmon's apology. Talking on "Harmontown" in February 2019, Harmon revealed that he had deleted his Twitter account prior to the backlash, in response to Disney's firing of James Gunn for some jokes that Gunn had made in his tweets years ago. Harmon argued that this is what actually provoked 4chan users to target him, having assumed that he was trying to hide something from his past.

Daniel James Harmon (born January 3, 1973) is an American writer, producer, actor and comedian. Harmon created and produced the NBC sitcom "Community" (2009–2015), co-created the Adult Swim animated series "Rick and Morty" (2013–present), and co-founded the alternative television network and website Channel 101. Harmon published the book "You'll Be Perfect When You're Dead" in 2013. He also hosted a weekly podcast, "Harmontown" (2012–2019).

丹·哈蒙(英语:Dan Harmon,1973年-1月3日)是一位美国作家、制作人和演员。他是NBC的情景喜剧《废柴联盟》的创作者和前任执行制作人,他还与Rob Schrab一同创建了互联网电视网站「Channel 101」。


History.

NXT was created with a total of one billion coins. On 28 September 2013 Bitcointalk.org member BCNext created a forum thread announcing the proposed launch of Nxt as a second generation cryptocurrency and asking for small bitcoin donations to determine how to distribute the initial stake. On 18 November 2013 fundraising for Nxt was closed.  The initial coin offering collected 21 bitcoins that were worth USD$17,000.  On November 9, 2015 Farla Webmedia launched a project on the NXT Asset Exchange. In July 2016 NXT launched Smart Transaction templates. Meant to serve as building blocks for businesses to construct Blockchain solutions for particular problems.

Features.

The core infrastructure of Nxt is complex. This adds risks as compared to the more lean bitcoin, but makes it easier for external services to be built on top of the blockchain.  A peer-peer exchange allowing decentralized trading of shares, crypto assets. Since the blockchain is an unalterable public ledger of transactions, the Asset Exchange provides a trading record for items other than Nxt. To do this, Nxt allows the designation or "coloring" of a particular coin, which builds a bridge from the virtual crypto-currency world to the physical world. The "colored coin" can represent property, stocks/bonds, commodities, or even concepts.  Arbitrary Messages enable the sending of encrypted or plain text, which can also function to send and store up to 1000 bytes of data permanently, or 42 kilobytes of data for a limited amount of time. As a result, it can be used to build file-sharing services, decentralized applications, and higher-level Nxt services.  Allowing holders of the currency or Nxt-Assets to vote in a cryptographically proven and externally verifiable way. This can be used for future development decisions, or for shareholder voting. It can also be applied to public elections and community based decision-making.  This makes it possible for external developers to add features or usability enhancements. The plug-ins are not contained in a sandbox.

Nxt is an open source cryptocurrency and payment network launched in 2013 by anonymous software developer "BCNext". It uses proof-of-stake to reach consensus for transactions—as such there is a static money supply and, unlike bitcoin, no mining. Nxt was specifically conceived as a flexible platform around which to build applications and financial services.

Nxt 是一种开放源码加密货币及支付平台,由匿名软件开发人员"BCNext"于2013年推出。它采用持有量证明以达成交易共识,与比特币不同,它有固定的代币供应量而没有挖矿机制。Nxt的推出旨在建立一个适合应用程序开发及提供财政服务的弹性平台。


Background.

Hunt was born on 6 November 1773 in Upavon, Wiltshire.

Career.

Hunt became a prosperous farmer. He was first drawn into radical politics during the Napoleonic Wars, becoming a supporter of Francis Burdett. His talent for public speaking became noted in the electoral politics of Bristol, where he denounced the complacency of both the Whigs and the Tories, and proclaimed himself a supporter of democratic radicalism. It was thanks to his particular talents that a new programme beyond the narrow politics of the day made steady progress in the difficult years that followed the conclusion of the war with France.

Orator.

After his rousing speeches at mass meetings held in Spa Fields in London in 1816, Hunt became known as the "Orator", a nickname attributed to Robert Southey. He embraced a programme that included annual parliaments and universal suffrage, promoted openly and with none of the conspiratorial element of the old Jacobin clubs. The tactic he most favoured was that of'mass pressure', which he felt, if given enough weight, could achieve reform without insurrection.  Although his efforts at mass politics had the effect of radicalising large sections of the community unrepresented in Parliament, there were clear limits as to how far this could be taken.

Peterloo.

Hunt was invited by the Patriotic Union Society, formed by the "Manchester Observer", to be one of the scheduled speakers at a rally in Manchester on 16 August 1819, which turned into the Peterloo massacre. Arrested for high treason and convicted of the lesser charge of seditious conspiracy, he was sentenced to a term of 30 months at Ilchester Gaol. For the establishment, Hunt believed in some very dangerous things: equal rights, universal suffrage, parliamentary reform and an end to child labour, all things that would threaten the profits of business establishments.  The debacle at Peterloo, caused by an over-reaction of the local Manchester authorities, added greatly to his prestige. Moral force was not sufficient in itself, and physical force entailed too great a risk. Although urged to do so after Peterloo, Hunt refused to give his approval to schemes for a full-scale insurrection. Thereby all momentum was lost, as more desperate souls turned to worn out cloak-and-dagger schemes, which surfaced in the Cato Street conspiracy.  While in prison for his part in Peterloo, Hunt turned to writing, to putting his message across through a variety of forms, including an autobiography. After his release he attempted to recover some of his lost fortune by beginning new business ventures in London, which included the production and marketing of a roasted corn "Breakfast Powder", the "most salubrious and nourishing Beverage that can be substituted for the use of Tea and Coffee, which are always exciting, and frequently the most irritating to the Stomach and Bowels." He also made shoe-blacking bottles, which carried the slogan "Equal Laws, Equal Rights, Annual Parliaments, Universal Suffrage, and the Ballot." Synthetic coal, intended specifically for the French market, was another of his schemes. After the July Revolution in 1830 he sent samples to Gilbert du Motier, marquis de La Fayette and other political heroes, along with fraternal greetings.

Parliament.

Business interests notwithstanding, he still found time for practical politics, fighting battles over a whole range of issues, and always pushing for reform and accountability. In 1830 he became a member of Parliament for Preston defeating the future British Prime Minister Edward Stanley, but was defeated when standing for re-election in 1833. As a consistent champion of the working classes, a term he used with increasing frequency, he opposed the Whigs, both old and new, and the Reform Act 1832, which he believed did not go far enough in the extension of the franchise. He gave speeches addressed to the "Working Classes and no other", urging them to press for full equal rights. In 1832 he presented the first petition in support of women's suffrage to Parliament. It was received however with much ribald laughter and antagonism. Also in that year, he petitioned parliament on behalf of the radical preacher John Ward, who had been imprisoned for blasphemy.  In his opposition to the Reform Bill, Orator Hunt revived the Great Northern Union, a pressure group he set up some years before, intended to unite the northern industrial workers behind a platform of full democratic reform; and it is in this specifically that the germs of Chartism can be detected.

Death.

Henry Hunt died age 61 on 15 February 1835.

Legacy.

A monument to Hunt was erected in 1842 by "the working people", in Every Street, Manchester, in Scholefield's Chapel Yard. A "spiral" march was held on the anniversary of Peterloo, from Piccadilly around the town past the Peterloo site, down to Deansgate and through Ancoats to the monument. The monument's stonework deteriorated, and it was demolished in 1888.

In popular culture.

In Mike Leigh's 2018 film "Peterloo", Hunt is portrayed by Rory Kinnear.

Henry "Orator" Hunt (6 November 1773 – 15 February 1835) was a British radical speaker and agitator remembered as a pioneer of working-class radicalism and an important influence on the later Chartist movement. He advocated parliamentary reform and the repeal of the Corn Laws.

“演说家”亨利·亨特 (Henry "Orator" Hunt,1773年11月6日 – 1835年2月15日),英国激进自由主义者和演说家、煽动家,曾作为劳工阶级激进自由主义的代表人物出现。在历史上,他作为一位演说家而闻名,曾是大宪章运动和彼得卢大屠杀的核心人物。他是英国历史上第一位提出要求妇女选举权的英国国会下议员,此外,他还反对保护英国农牧业绅士有产阶级的《谷物法》。


Early life and education.

Aleksandar Vučić was born in Belgrade, to Anđelko and Angelina Vučić (née Milovanov). He has a younger brother, Andrej Vučić.  His paternal ancestors came from Čipuljić, near Bugojno, in central Bosnia. They were expelled by the Croatian fascist Ustaše during World War II and settled near Belgrade, where his father was born. According to Vučić, his paternal grandfather Anđelko, and tens of other close relatives were killed by the Ustaše.  His mother was born in Bečej in Vojvodina. Both of his parents were economics graduates. His father worked as an economist, his mother as a journalist.  Vučić was brought up in New Belgrade, and finished the Branko Radičević elementary school, and later a gymnasium in Zemun. He graduated from the University of Belgrade Faculty of Law. He learned English in Brighton, England, and worked as a merchant in London for some time. After returning to Yugoslavia, he worked as a journalist in Pale, Bosnia and Herzegovina. There, he interviewed politician Radovan Karadžić and once played chess with general Ratko Mladić. As a youngster, Vučić was a fan of the Red Star football club, often attending Red Star's matches, including the one played between Dinamo Zagreb and Red Star on 13 May 1990, which turned into a huge riot. The homes of his relatives were destroyed in the Bosnian War.

Political career.

Vučić joined the Serbian Radical Party (SRS) in 1993, a far right party whose core ideology is based on Serbian nationalism and the goal of creating a Greater Serbia, and was elected to the National Assembly following the 1993 parliamentary election. Two years later, Vučić became secretary-general of the. He was one of the SRS's volunteers who visited the army that kept Sarajevo under the siege. After his party won the local elections in Zemun in 1996, he became the director of Pinki Hall, which was his first employment.

Minister of Information (1998–2000).

In March 1998, Vučić was appointed Minister of Information in the government of Mirko Marjanović. Scholars described Vučić as the crucial figure in the shaping of turn-of-the century media policies in Serbia. Following rising resentment against Milošević, Vučić introduced fines for journalists who criticized the government and banned foreign TV networks. He recalled in 2014 that he was wrong and had changed, stating ""I was not ashamed to confess all my political mistakes"".  During this period, Serbian media was accused for broadcasting Serbian nationalist propaganda, which demonized ethnic minorities and legitimized Serb atrocities against them. In 1998, the government adopted Europe's most restrictive media law by the end of the 20th century, which created a special misdemeanor court to try violations. It had the ability to impose heavy fines and to confiscate property if they were not immediately paid. Serbian media were under severe repression of the state, and that foreign media had been seen as "foreign elements" and "spies". Human Rights Watch reported that five independent newspaper editors were charged with disseminating misinformation because they referred to Albanians who had died in Kosovo as "people" rather than "terrorists". The government crackdown on independent media intensified when NATO forces were threatening intervention in Kosovo in late September and early October 1998. Furthermore, the government also maintained direct control of state radio and television, which provided news for the majority of the population. After the NATO bombing of Yugoslavia began in March 1999, Vučić called for a meeting of all Belgrade's editors. Print media were ordered to submit all copies to the Ministry for approval and they were allowed to publish only official statements and information taken from media outlets, which either are controlled by the state or practice radical self-censorship. Also, Vučić ordered all NATO countries journalists to leave the country.

Radical Party to Progressive Party.

Tomislav Nikolić, deputy leader of the Radical Party and de facto interim leader due to absence of Vojislav Šešelj, resigned on 6 September 2008 because of disagreement with Šešelj over the party's support for Serbia's EU membership. With some other well-known Radical Party members he formed a new parliamentary club called ""Napred Srbijo!"" ("Forward Serbia!"). On 12 September 2008 Nikolić and his group were officially ejected from the Radical Party on the session of SRS leadership. Vučić, as secretary-general was called to attend this session, but he did not appear. Tomislav Nikolić announced he would form his own party and called Vučić to join. Vučić, one of the most popular figures among SRS supporters, resigned from Radical Party on 14 September 2008. The next day, Vučić announced his temporary withdrawal from politics.  On 6 October 2008 Vučić confirmed in a TV interview that he was to join the newly formed Nikolić's Serbian Progressive Party (SNS) and that he would be the Deputy President of the party. He then seemed to change his positions. In 2010 he made statements such as a "horrible crime was committed in Srebrenica", saying he felt "ashamed" of the Serbs who did it. "I do not hide that I have changed... I am proud of that," he told AFP in an interview in 2012. "I was wrong, I thought I was doing the best for my country, but I saw the results and we failed, We need to admit that."  Nikolić stepped down as party leader on 24 May 2012 following his election as President of Serbia. Vučić assumed leadership until the next party congress is held to elect a new leader. On 29 September 2012 Vučić was elected as party leader, with Jorgovanka Tabaković as his deputy.

Minister of Defence and First Deputy Prime Minister (2012–2014).

Vučić briefly served as Minister of Defence and First Deputy Prime Minister from July 2012 to August 2013, when he stepped down from his position of Defence Minister in a cabinet reshuffle. Although the Prime Minister, Ivica Dačić Deba, held formal power as head-of-government, many analysts thought that Vučić had the most influence in government as head of the largest party in the governing coalition and parliament.

Prime Minister (2014–2017).

2014 parliamentary election.

As a result of the 2014 parliamentary election, Vučić's Serbian Progressive Party won 158 out of 250 seats in Parliament and formed a ruling coalition with the Socialist Party of Serbia. Vučić was elected Prime Minister of Serbia.

2016 parliamentary election.

At a party conference of his ruling Serbian Progressive Party, Vučić announced early general elections, citing that: 'He wants to ensure that the country has stable rule that its current political direction will continue – including its attempt to secure membership of the EU.' On 4 March 2016, Serbian President, Tomislav Nikolić, dissolved the parliament, scheduling early elections for 24 April. The ruling coalition around Vučić's SNS obtained 48.25% of the vote. Vučić's ruling SNS retained majority in the parliament, despite winning less seats than in 2014 parliamentary election. The coalition around SNS won 131 seats, 98 of which belong to SNS.

2017 presidential election.

Vučić announced his candidacy in the presidential election on 14 February 2017, despite earlier statements that he would not run. According to the Constitution, Serbia is a parliamentary republic in which the presidency is largely ceremonial with no significant executive power.  After initial speculations that the incumbent President, Tomislav Nikolić, would also run, he backed Vučić and his ruling SNS party. Vučić won the election in the first round, having obtained 56,01 percent of the vote. The independent candidate, Saša Janković was second with 16,63 percent, ahead of satirical politician Luka Maksimović and former Minister of Foreign Affairs Vuk Jeremić.  This public opinion survey, carried out by CeSID showed that significant proportions of Vučić supporters are composed of pensioners (41%) and that vast majority (63%) hold secondary education degree, while 21% have less than high school.

President (2017–present).

The election result sparked protests around Serbia. Thousands of protesters accused Vučić of leading the country towards authoritarianism. Protesters organised the rallies through social networks and insist they are not linked to any party or politician, and demand a total overhaul of what they call "corrupt political, business and media systems that serve an elite led by Mr Vučić". Vučić maintained that the protests were organized by his political opponents who expected "the dictator would bring the police into the streets." However, Vučić was sworn in as President of Serbia on 31 May, in front of Parliament. He promised to continue with reforms and said Serbia will remain on a European path. He also said Serbia will maintain military neutrality, but continue to build partnerships with both NATO and Russia.  After becoming President, Vučić disbanded the traditional police security service responsible for President's protection, and replaced it with members of the Cobras, military police unit which contrary to the law, protected him while he served as the Prime Minister from 2014 to 2017.  On 3 September 2017, a Bentley luxury vehicle with three men inside of it, crashed into the presidential motorcade. President Vučić and his staff were unharmed and the men were arrested on suspicion of jeopardizing the president's security. Media close to Vučić reported it as yet another assassination attempt, while the opposition leaders claim that it is a "propaganda to portray the former ultra-nationalist as a victim and to turn attention away from Serbia's economic and social problems".  Since late 2018 and into early 2019, thousands of Serbians have taken to the streets to protest the presidency of Vučić. The protesters charge that Vučić and the SNS are corrupt and that Vučić is trying to cement himself as an autocrat, which he denies. In 2019, Freedom House report that Serbia's status declined from "Free" to "Partly Free" due to deterioration in the conduct of elections, continued attempts by the government and allied media outlets to undermine independent journalists through legal harassment and smear campaigns, and Vučić's accumulation of executive powers that conflict with his constitutional role.

Policies.

Economy.

After his election as Prime Minister in 2014, Vučić promoted austerity-based economic policies, whose aim was to reduce Serbia's budget deficit. Vučić's policy of fiscal consolidation was primarily aimed at cuts in the public sector. One of the measures was the reduction of pensions and salaries in the public sector as well as a ban on further employment in the public sector. Vučić announced that his reform based policies have reduced country's deficit, and contributed to financial stability. However, criticism of Vučić's economic policy stated that his measures have not overall contributed to economic recovery, but have instead caused a further decline in living standard. On 23 February 2015, Vučić's government has concluded a three-year stand-by arrangement with the IMF worth €1.2 billion as a precautionary measure to secure the country's long term fiscal stability. The IMF has praised the reforms as has the EU calling them one of the most successful programmes the IMF has ever had. The GDP of Serbia has surpassed the pre crisis of 2008 levels as have the salaries. The economic prospects are good with GDP growth rising above 3% and the debt to GDP ratio falling below 68%

Fight against corruption and organized crime.

Vučić has pledged to tackle corruption and organized crime in Serbia. He also vowed to investigate controversial privatizations and ties between tycoons and former government members. Vučić's anti-corruption drive has recorded a 71 per cent personal approval rating in a March 2013 opinion poll, though in more than two years it produced no convictions and only a handful of arrests.  On the other hand, data from the Transparency International showed that a significant increase in perceived corruption was seen exactly from 2012, when Vučić came into power. According to research conducted by the "Centre for Investigative Journalism", the battle against corruption in practice comes down to media announcements and arrests in front of cameras. "They are followed by a large number of criminal charges, significantly fewer indictments, and even fewer convictions".

EU and Immigration policy.

During the 2015 – 2016 European migrant crisis, Vučić strongly aligned himself with the policies of the German Chancellor, Angela Merkel, and publicly praised German migration policy. Vučić also stated that Serbia will cooperate with the EU in solving the migrant stream going from the Middle East to EU member countries through the Balkan route, and that Serbia will be ready to take some portion of the migrants. "Serbia will receive a certain number of migrants. This makes us more European than some member states. We don't build fences," Vučić wrote on Twitter, while criticizing the migrant policies of some EU member countries.

Kosovo question.

Vučić has been central to negotiations on Serbia's bid for EU accession, traveling to Brussels for talks with the EU's Foreign Affairs High Commissioner, Baroness Ashton, as well as to North Kosovska Mitrovica to discuss the details of a political settlement between Belgrade and Pristina. During his visit to northern Kosovo, to garner support for the Brussels-brokered deal, he urged Kosovo Serbs to "leave the past and think about the future".  In 2017, Vučić accused EU of hypocrisy and double standards over its very different attitude to separatist crises in Kosovo and Catalonia. In September 2018 in a speech to Kosovo Serbs he stated: "Slobodan Milošević was a great Serbian leader, he had the best intentions, but our results were far worse." Journalists report that Vučić advocates the partition of Kosovo, in what he calls "ethnic demarcation with Albanians".  On 27 May 2019, during a special session of the Serbian parliament on Kosovo, Vučić said that "We need to recognize that we have been defeated... We lost the territory", while also criticizing the "unprincipled attitude of great powers" and "no one reacting to announcements for the formation of a Greater Albania". He stated that Serbia no longer controlled Kosovo and that a compromise was needed on the issue through a future referendum in the country. Vučić has close links to the Serb List and he invited Kosovo Serbs to vote for them in the elections.  On 20 January 2020, Serbia and Kosovo agreed to restore flights between their capitals for the first time in more than two decades. The deal came after months of diplomatic talks by Richard Grenell, the United States ambassador to Germany, who was named special envoy for Serbia-Kosovo relations by President Donald Trump the year before. Vućić welcomed the flights agreement and tweeted his thanks to American diplomats.

Relations with Croatia.

In 2007 Vučić stated that the Democratic League of Croats in Vojvodina, calling it a branch of the Croatian Democratic Union. In 2008, with the establishment of the Serbian Progressive Party, Vučić said that the goal of a Greater Serbia taking Croatian territory up to the proposed Virovitica-Karlovac-Karlobag line "is unrealistic and silly". The Croatian newspaper Jutarnji list claimed in a reportage that none of his family members had been killed during World War II, upon which he replied that these were "brutal lies and attacks on his family".  During 2015 and 2016, relations between Croatia and Serbia were further affected by to the ongoing migrant crisis, when Croatia decided to close its border with Serbia. In September 2015, Croatia barred all cargo traffic from Serbia, due to the migrant influx coming from Serbia in a move which further eroded the fragile relations between the two countries. In response to these actions, Vučić announced that counter measures will be enacted if an agreement with Croatia is not reached. The dispute was eventually resolved through the mediation of the EU Commission, yet the relations between the two neighboring countries remain fragile. On 31 March 2016, Vojislav Seselj, leader of the Serbian Radical Party, was acquitted of War Crime charges in the Hague Tribunal for Former Yugoslavia. The verdict has caused controversy in Croatia. Vučić distanced himself from Šešelj and his policy, but stated that the verdict should not be used as a tool for political pressure on Serbia.  On 7 April 2016 Croatia refused to endorse the EU Commission opinion to open Chapter 23, a part of Serbia's EU accession negotiations, thus effectively blocking Serbia’ EU integration process. Serbia accused Croatia of obstructing its EU membership, and Vučić said that his government was: ""Stunned by Croatia's decision not to support Serbia's European path."" Croatia has not agreed for Serbia to open negotiations of Chapter 23. On 14 April 2016, the EU Commission rejected Croatian arguments in its dispute with Serbia. However, on 7 July 2016, Croatian Foreign Minister Miro Kovač announced that five conditions set by Croatia have been incorporated in the common position of the EU member states for negotiations with Serbia which will be the basis on which Serbia's progress in Chapter 23, concerning the judiciary and fundamental rights, will be assessed. These five conditions are: Serbia has to: 1. steer clear of conflicts of jurisdiction concerning war crimes, 2. cooperate with neighboring countries in search and identification of missing persons or their remains, 3. strengthen its investigative, prosecution, and judicial authorities, 4. strengthen protection of (Croatian) minority, and 5. fully cooperate with the ICTY.

Relations with Russia.

Vučić has maintained traditional good relations between Serbia and Russia, and his government refused to enact sanctions on Russia, following the crisis in Ukraine and the Annexation of Crimea. Vučić has repeatedly announced that Serbia will remain committed to its European integration, but also maintain historic relations with Russia. "We have proven our sincere and friendly attitude to Russia by being one of the European countries that refused to impose sanctions on Russia," Vučić said after meeting with Russian Prime Minister Dmitry Medvedev. "Serbia will continue pursuing this policy in the future. During Vučić’s mandate, Serbia has continued to expand its economic ties with Russia, especially by increasing Serbian exports to Russia. In early 2016, after a meeting with the Russian Deputy Prime Minister Dmitry Rogozin, Vučić announced the possibility of Serbia boosting its military cooperation with Russia by purchasing Russian missile systems.  In December 2017, Vučić made an official visit to the Russian Federation for the first time as the President of Serbia. He expressed his gratefulness to Russia for protecting Serbian national interests, and stated that: "Serbia will never impose sanctions on the Russian Federation (in relation to the international sanctions during the Ukrainian crisis)". During his visit, he focused on strengthening cooperation in the field of military industry and energy.

Relations with the United States.

In July 2017 Vučić visited the United States and met with U.S. Vice President Mike Pence, where they discussed U.S. support for Serbia's efforts to join the European Union, the need for continued reforms, and further progress in normalizing the relationship with Kosovo. Referencing the proposed land swap arrangement between Serbia and Kosovo, U.S. national security advisor John Bolton has said that the United States would not oppose a territorial exchange between Kosovo and Serbia to resolve their long-running dispute. The U.S. State Department continues to maintain that the full normalization of relations between Serbia and Kosovo is "essential for regional stability", which Vučić has said before.

The media.

In 2014, Dunja Mijatović, OSCE Representative on Freedom of the Media, wrote Vučić and made attention with the suppression of the media, which he denied and demanded an apology from OSCE. According to the 2015 Freedom House report and the 2017 Amnesty International report, media outlets and journalists has become subject to pressure after criticizing the government of Prime Minister Aleksandar Vučić. Also, Serbian media are heavily dependent on advertising contracts and government subsidies which make journalists and media outlets exposed to economic pressures, such as payment defaults, termination of contracts and the like. Four popular political talk TV programs were cancelled in 2014, including the renowned political talk show Utisak nedelje by Olja Bećković, running since 24 years and well known for its critical scrutiny of all governments since. In first report after Vučić took the office, European Commission expressed concerns about deteriorating conditions for the full exercise of freedom of expression. Report said there was a growing trend of self-censorship which combined with undue influence on editorial policies. Reports published in 2016 and 2018 stated that no progress was made to improve conditions for the full exercise of freedom of expression. In July 2016, the ruling party organized an exhibition of government-critical press articles and social media posts, labeled as ‘lies’, saying that they wanted to document wrongful attacks and to prove there is no official censorship. In 2017, Freedom House reported that Serbia posted one of the largest single-year declines in press freedom among all the countries and territories. Also, they emphasized that Vučić had sought to squeeze critical media out of the market and discredit the few journalists with the funds and fortitude to keep working. Some commentators have described that Vučić built the cult of personality, with the significant role of mass media. Observers described that during the campaign for the 2017 presidential election, Vučić had ten times more airtime on national broadcasters than all other candidates combined and mainstream media under Vučić's control have been demonizing most of the opposition presidential candidates, without giving them the opportunity to respond. Organizations that observed the elections emphasized that the presence of Aleksandar Vučić in newspaper and the electronic media during the presidential campaign was disproportionate, adding that media have lost their critical role and that they have become a means of political propaganda. The OSCE Report explains that general reluctance of media to report critically on or to challenge the governing authorities, significantly reduced the amount of impartial information available to voters. They also mentioned that the government used public resources to support Vučić. Amnesty International and Human Rights Watch reported harassment and physical assaults on journalists during the presidential inauguration ceremony, after Vučić win election.  In 2018, International Research & Exchanges Board described the situation in the media in Serbia as the worst in recent history, and that Media Sustainability Index dropped because the most polarized media in almost 20 years, an increase in fake news and editorial pressure on media. They, also, pointed out that the judiciary responds promptly only in cases in which the media allegedly violates the rights of authorities and ruling parties. The increased government control of the media comes as Serbian journalists face more political pressure and intimidation, in 2018 "the Independent Association of Serbian Journalists" recorded the highest number of attacks against journalists in decade. According to Serbian investigative journalism portal "Crime and Corruption Reporting Network", more than 700 fake news were published on the front pages of pro-government tabloids during 2018. Many of them were about alleged attacks on Vućić and attempts of coups, as well as messages of support to him by Vladimir Putin. The best-selling newspaper in Serbia is the pro-government tabloid "Informer", which most often presents Vučić as a powerful person under constant attack, and also has anti-European content and pro-war rhetoric. After Vučić was hospitalized for cardiovascular problems in November 2019, his associates and pro-regime media accused the journalists of worsening the president's health by asking questions about alleged corruption by government ministers. The Council of Europe warned that the investigative outlet was target of smear campaign from the state after they caught Vučić's son with members of crime groups, while the Organized Crime and Corruption Reporting Project reported that Vučić “pledges to fight the lies”.

Internet surveillance.

Since Vučić's party came to power, Serbia has seen a surge of internet trolls and pages on social networks praising the government and attacking its critics, free media and the opposition in general. That includes a handful of dedicated employees run fake accounts, but also the Facebook page associated with a Serbian franchise of the far-right Breitbart News website. On March 26, 2020 Twitter announced that they shut down the network of 8,500 spam accounts that wrote 43 million tweets — acted in concert to cheerlead for president Vučić and his party, boost Vučić-aligned content and attack his opponents.

Views and comments.

Public profile.

Some have compared Vučić to other strongmen in European politics and, as noted above, accused him of being an autocrat. Many believe he has successfully taken over the center ground of Serbian politics. He has built a reputation for technocratic efficiency, ideological flexibility, and political pragmatism while retaining a base of center-right and right-wing electoral support. EU officials and many member state leaders have praised him as a reliable partner in the region.

Greater Serbia.

Until 2008, Vučić was a disciple of the Greater Serbia ideology, which he testified was envisaged as extending to a western border running along the Virovitica–Karlovac–Karlobag line. In 1995, during the Croatian War of Independence, Vučić said in Glina (which was at the time controlled by the rebelled Serbs) that 'Serbian Krajina' and Glina would never be Croatian, Banovina would never be returned to Croatia, and that if Serbian Radical Party had won elections, Serbs would have lived in Greater Serbia. In another speech from the early 2000s, Vučić called Karlobag, Ogulin, Karlovac and Virovitica "Serbian towns", stated that "they [SRS's critics] rejoice that Ustaše (referring to Croats) have occupied Serbian lands and want to convince us Serbian radicals that it wasn't Serbian, that we were saying nonsenses. (...) We want what's ours, Serbian." After split from the Serbian Radical Party and creation of the Serbian Progressive Party, Vučić said he no longer supports the Greater Serbia ideology.

Srebrenica massacre and Ratko Mladić.

On 20 July 1995, commenting on NATO bombing campaign against Army of Republika Srpska's (VRS) positions, Vučić said in the National Assembly: "for every Serb killed, we will kill 100 Muslims" only a few days after the Srebrenica massacre, when more than 8000 Muslim Bosniaks were killed by the VRS and paramilitary groups from Serbia. In 2015, he said that his statement from 1995 was "taken out of context" and "that was not the essence of that sentence."  Before splitting away from the Radical Party of Vojislav Šešelj, Aleksandar Vučić was openly and publicly celebrating and calling for the protection of Ratko Mladić, a military leader convicted of committing war crimes, crimes against humanity and genocide. In 2007, while Mladić was still at large in Serbia, Vučić was distributing posters stating "Safe house for general Mladić". During a parliament session he stated that the Serbian Parliament will always protect and be a safe house for the general and that any house in Serbia that bears the last name of Vučić will protect and shelter Mladić.  In the same year Vučić organized a street protest where the signs naming the street after the assassinated pro-west Serbian PM were replaced with the signs effectively renaming the street to Ratko Mladić Boulevard. This has become a frequent occurrence in which Serbian ultra-right factions vandalize same signs on top of the regular signs to celebrate the anniversary of the Zoran Đinđić assassination.  Vučić also participated in protests against the arrest of later convicted war criminals Veselin Šljivančanin and Radovan Karadžić, as well as Vojislav Šešelj, then president of his party.

Slavko Ćuruvija.

It was during Vučić's term as the Minister of Information that Slavko Ćuruvija, a prominent journalist who reported on the Kosovo War, was murdered in a state-sponsored assassination. In 1999, before the assassination took place, Vučić gave a front page interview to the tabloid "Argument" in which he stated "I will have my revenge on Slavko Ćuruvija for all the lies published in "Dnevni telegraf" ("Ćuruvija's paper"). In 2014, Vučić apologized to the Ćuruvija family for having waited so long to bring the perpetrators to justice, and thanked everyone who was involved in solving the case for their work. Branka Prpa, Ćuruvija's common-law spouse, said Vučić participated in the murder and that he is the creator of the practice of persecution of journalists.

Personal life.

On 27 July 1997, Vučić married Ksenija Janković, a journalist at Radio Index and "Srpska reč". The couple has two children. The marriage ended with divorce in 2011.  On 14 December 2013, Vučić married Tamara Đukanović, a diplomat with the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Serbia. On 9 June 2017, a week after Vučić took the presidential office, his wife gave birth to a son.  During the opposition period, he has frequently appeared in popular TV shows. In 2006, Vučić became the winner of the first season of the Serbian version of "The Pyramid", a talk show with a competitive element broadcast on Pink TV. He was the first politician who participated in the humanitarian dance contest "Plesom do snova" (in 2009) and the first politician to guest-starred on a late-night talk show "Veče sa Ivanom Ivanovićem" (in 2010). He also was a guest judge in one episode of the third season of Zvezde Granda, the most popular music competition in Balkans.  On 15 November 2019, he was hospitalized at a military hospital in Belgrade due to apparent "cardiovascular issues". Three days later it was reported that he was released. Some, including his media advisor and the deputy mayor of Belgrade, have claimed that his health problems were in part due to pressure from journalists. Vučić explicitly denied this at media conference shortly after his hospital stay. At the same event, he confirmed the chronic nature of his health problems.  On 8 April 2020, it was revealed that Vucic's 22 year old son, Danilo, had contracted the coronavirus and was admitted to the Infectious Diseases Clinic in Belgrade.

Aleksandar Vučić (, ; born 5 March 1970) is a Serbian politician who is the 5th and current President of Serbia. After leaving the ultranationalist Serbian Radical Party in 2008, he became one of the founders of the populist conservative Serbian Progressive Party (SNS) and he has been the party's President since 2012.

亚历山大·武契奇(;1970年-3月5日)是一位塞尔维亚政治家,现任塞尔维亚总统,曾任塞尔维亚总理与副总理。他毕业于贝尔格莱德法律学校。


History.

During Japanese rule, Naiko Village () covered modern day Neihu in addition to Nangang. The village was under Shichisei District, Taihoku Prefecture.

Economy.

Although it is a flood-prone region, Neihu has experienced huge growth with the construction of the Neihu Technology Park and hypermarkets such as Costco, RT Mart, Carrefour, B&Q. The extension of the Taipei Metro to Neihu in the 1990s and early 2000s has also boosted residential and commercial growth. TransAsia Airways, Delta Electronics and RT-Mart have their headquarters in the district. Neihu is the location of the Garena e-Sports Stadium, which is host to the League of Legends Masters Series, the premier "League of Legends" esports professional video game league in Taiwan, Hong Kong, and Macau.

Topography.

Straightening of the Keelung River, which runs along Neihu's southern and eastern borders has changed the natural boundaries of the district at several points in the latter 20th century.

Tourist attractions.

Neihu's attractions include Dahu Park, famous for its picturesque footbridge, Bihu Park, where cherry blossoms can be viewed in the spring, and Bishan Temple (碧山巖), a large Taoist temple dedicated to Chen Yuanguang (陳元光) or Kai Zhang Sheng Wang (開漳聖王) on the mountainside that affords a panoramic view of Taipei. In the vicinity of Bishan Temple are a number of other Taoist and Buddhist temples, as well as orchards and fruit farms where tourists can pick their own fruit. An extensive network of hiking trails criss-crosses the mountainous regions of the northern part of Neihu.  There are many popular restaurants in the Neihu area, including Journey Kaffe, a restaurant where patrons can make their own pizza, and Holly Brown Coffee, a cafe popular for its extravagant milkshakes.  Other tourist attractions are Guo Ziyi Memorial Hall.

Transportation.

The district is served by the Neihu Line of Taipei Metro (Wenhu or Brown Line). Stations located within the district are Donghu Station, Huzhou Station, Dahu Park Station, Neihu Station, Wende Station, Gangqian Station and Xihu Station.

Neihu District is a district of Taipei City, Taiwan. Neihu means "inner lake." The older name originates from the Ketagalan word "Tayour" (transliterated by the Dutch as "Cattajo"), meaning woman's head ornament.

内湖区()位于中华民国台北市东北地区,为其十二个行政区之一。因其境内多山丘,形成多处小盆地地貌,当地人台湾闽南语称山坳地为「湖」,故内湖是「内部盆地」之义。闽南语「内面即湖」或「内面彼湖」之称谓;所指的盆地范围系以北侧自大金面山到碧湖国小的山陵,东缘从绿大地社区、成功公园到清白新村,南边从白鹭山延伸到公馆山之山丘北坡,西方是江南街处,在其中间形成一山坳型盆地。内湖区境内尚有「畚箕湖」、「北势湖」、「白石湖」和「牛稠湖」等老地名,命名方式,亦是依地形和先民开垦事迹有关连性,而非指有水的湖泊名称。工商活动部分,内湖科技园区则有许多新建商办大楼,三军总医院及台湾多数媒体皆将总部设于此。2010年台北市举办花卉博览会而制定区花,内湖区为九重葛,民政局也特别制作区花版门牌。


Leadership.

When Taoka inherited the title of "kumichō", it was merely a local family with only a few dozen members. It was Taoka who made Yamaguchi-gumi the world's largest criminal organization. He urged his underlings to have legitimate businesses and allowed them to have their own family, which became a kind of subsidiary family of Yamaguchi-gumi. He also created a structural system in the family. "Wakagashira" were elected as underbosses to the "kumichō" and some of powerful members were elected as "wakagashira-hosa" (deputy underbosses).  After the death of Taoka, the heir apparent "wakagashira" Kenichi Yamamoto ("kumichō" of the Yamaken-gumi) was serving a prison sentence. He died of liver failure shortly afterward. Fumiko Taoka, Kazuo Taoka's wife, stepped forward to fill the leadership void until a new "kumichō" could be selected by a council of eight top-level bosses.  In 1984, the elders chose Masahisa Takenaka ("kumichō" of the Takenaka-gumi) to be the fourth "kumichō" of Yamaguchi-gumi. One of the other contenders, Hiroshi Yamamoto ("kumichō" of the Yamahiro-gumi), broke away from Yamaguchi-gumi with many of its powerful members and more than 3,000 of its soldiers to form the Ichiwa-kai. A bitter rivalry existed between the two groups, which led to an all-out war (the Yama-Ichi War) after the Ichiwa-kai's 1985 assassination of Takenaka and "wakahashira" Katsumasa Nakayama. During the war, acting-"kumichō" Kazuo Nakanishi ("kumichō" of the Nakanishi-gumi) and "wakagashira" Yoshinori Watanabe ("kumichō" of the Yamaken-gumi) briefly took the leadership role until 1989.  The Yama-Ichi War ended with retirement of Hiroshi Yamamoto which was arbitrated by one of the most respected bosses Seijo Inagawa. After that, the clan elected "wakagashira" Yoshinori Watanabe as 5th "kumichō" of the organization. Masaru Takumi ("kumichō" of Takumi-gumi) was elected as "wakagashira". He was so powerful and respected within the organization that his influence overshadowed that of "kumichō" to some extent.  In 1997, then powerful "wakagashira" Masaru Takumi was assassinated by underlings of then "wakagashira-hosa" (deputy underboss) Taro Nakano. After this assassination, they were unable to choose a new "wakagashira" for more than eight years. As a result, leadership of the organization became weaker. Finally, in 2005, "wakagashira-hosa" Shinobu Tsukasa (then "kumichō" of the Hirota-gumi) was chosen as new "wakagashira" and shortly afterward, in August 2005, Tsukasa inherited the position of the 6th "kumichō" of the Yamaguchi-gumi.  Watanabe retired to private life—rather uncommon in "yakuza" circles, as bosses usually do not retire until their death. Under Tsukasa's leadership, the 6th Yamaguchi-gumi has resumed expansion. Kiyoshi Takayama, "kumichō" of the Kodo-kai, was elected as "wakagashira". They absorbed the Tokyo-based gang Kokusui-kai, thus acquiring lucrative turf in the capital. Tsukasa was imprisoned in December 2005 for illegal gun possession, and was released in April 2011 after serving nearly six years in jail.

Relief support after disasters.

Immediately after the Kobe earthquake of 1995, the Yamaguchi-gumi started a large-scale relief effort for the earthquake victims, helping with the distribution of food and supplies. This help was essential to the Kobe population, because official support was inconsistent and chaotic for several days.  The Yamaguchi-gumi also provided relief in the wake of the 2011 Tōhoku earthquake and tsunami by opening its offices to the public and by sending supplies to affected areas.

Newsletter.

In an effort to boost morale, the Yamaguchi-gumi launched an eight-page newsletter in July, 2013. However, it was only distributed to full members. The publication bridges communication gaps and includes articles on the group's opinion and traditions, as well as columns on angling, with an editorial section written by Kenichi Shinoda.

Assassination of Iccho Itoh.

On April 17, 2007, Tetsuya Shiroo, a senior ranking member of the Suishin-kai (an affiliated Yakuza family to the Yamaguchi-gumi), assassinated Iccho Itoh, the mayor of Nagasaki, over an apparent dispute over damage done to Shiroo's car at a public works construction site. On May 26, 2008, Tetsuya Shiroo was sentenced to death. However, the Fukuoka High Court revoked the death sentence and sentenced him to life imprisonment on September 29, 2009.

Sanctions.

In February 2012 the U.S. Treasury Department announced a freeze on American-owned assets controlled by the organization and its top two leaders. The Obama administration imposed sanctions on the Yamaguchi-gumi as one of four key transnational organized crime groups, along with the Brothers' Circle from Russia, the Camorra from Italy, and Los Zetas from Mexico.

Decline in membership.

"Yakuza" membership has been steadily declining since the 1990s. According to the National Police Agency, the total number of registered gangsters fell 14% between 1991 and 2012, to 78,600. Of those, 34,900 were Yamaguchi-gumi members, a decline of 4% from 2010. Its membership had further declined by 2013, with an estimated 28,000 members, and dropped again to 23,400 members in 2014.

Split in 2015.

On August 27, 2015, Japanese police confirmed that powerful factions, including the Kobe-based Yamaken-gumi, the Osaka-based Takumi-gumi, and the Kyoyu-kai, broke away from the Yamaguchi-gumi and formed a new group called the Kobe Yamaguchi-gumi. Prior to the split, the organization consisted of seventy-two factions. This was the first major split since the forming of Ichiwa-Kai more than thirty years ago.

It is one of the largest criminal organizations in the world. According to the National Police Agency, it had 8,900 active members at the end of 2019.

山口组,是日本的帮派组织中规模最大的指定暴力团。日本政府虽容许该组织合法注册,但仍然依《暴力团对策法》将该组织列名指定严管,其总本部设在兵库县神户市滩区<unk>原本町4-3-1。


Description.

The blackspot seabream is a fish with a moderately deep body, a rounded snout and large eyes which have a diameter greater than the length of the snout. It has small sharp teeth and larger, flatter teeth set into the sides of the jaws. It has a long dorsal fin which has 12 spines in the anterior portion and 12–13 branched rays in the posterior portion. The shorter anal fin has 3 spines and 12–13 branched rays. The pectoral fins are relatively long and are pointed at their tips. The back and upper flanks are reddish in colour and the lower part of the body is silvery with a pinkish tinge. There is a black spot situated directly above the base of the pectoral fin. The maximum recorded standard length is but a more common standard length is. The largest published weight is.

Distribution.

The blackspot seabream is largely found in the waters of the eastern North Atlantic from Norway south to Cape Blanc in Mauritania, its range extends into the western Mediterranean as far as the Strait of Sicily and the Adriatic. It is also found around the Canary Islands and the Azores and has been recorded off Iceland.

Habitat and biology.

The blackspot seabream occurs in inshore waters above different types of substrates, rocks, sand and mud. It ranges down to in the Mediterranean but down to in the Atlantic. The young fish are found near the coast while the adults are found on the continental slope, particularly over areas with a muddy substrate. This is an omnivorous species which has a diverse diet of crustaceans, molluscs, and small fish. It can eat plant matter as well.  The blackspot seabream is a protoandrous hermaphrodite, early in its lifecycle it is male then between the ages of 2 and 7, however, it becomes female. Spawning occurs throughout the year, with a peaks dependent on location. it is August to October off the British Isles and January to April in the Bay of Biscay. Farther south the spawning peaks are in January to March off Morocco and in January to May in the Mediterranean). A femaleof standard length can lay 70,000–500,000 eggs. They are mature at 4–5 years old when they are in length. It is a gregarious species which migrates to coastal waters to spawn.

Human utilisation.

The blackspot sea bream is an important food fish which is marketed fresh and frozen around the Mediterranean. Fishing is done using trawls, trammel nets and bottom long lines. Fishing for this species is done on a semi-industrial basis or by artisanal fishermen, it is also a sport fish. It regularly available in the fish markets of France, Spain, Morocco and Italy, however it is only occasionally found in such markets in Sicily, Tunisia, Greece and Turkey. It was heavily exploited by the artisanal fleet of the Strait of Gibraltar where boats from Andalusia fished for blackspot seabream using a vertical deep water longline called a "voracera" which was baited with small sardines. Today, this species commands a high price in the Spanish domestic market as a result of overfishing, and a near monopoly of landings in Tarifa and this has resulted in an increase in imported fish from Portugal and Morocco. It has also been used to produce fishmeal and oil. It is grown in aquaculture off Spain.

The blackspot seabream ("Pagellus bogaraveo"), also known as the red seabream, is a marine ray-finned fish species in family Sparidae. It is widespread in the Eastern Atlantic from Norway to Mauritania, including Macaronesia and the western Mediterranean.

黑斑小鲷为辐鳍鱼纲鲈形目鲈亚目鲷科的其中一种,分布于东大西洋区,从挪威至加那利群岛、马德拉群岛海域,栖息深度可达700米,体长可达70公分,栖息在各种底质海域,属杂食性,以藻类、甲壳类、蠕虫、软体动物等为食,可做为食用鱼及游钓鱼。


Early life.

Uwais was born in Jakarta, Indonesia, and is the son of Maisyaroh and Mustapha Kamaluddin. His grandfather, H. Achmad Bunawar, was a silat master and founded a silat school.

Career.

In 2007, Uwais was discovered by director Gareth Evans, who was filming a documentary about silat in Uwais's training hall. Uwais's natural charisma and great camera presence encouraged Evans to cast him as the leading role for his first martial art movie, "Merantau". After signing a five-year contract with Gareth Evans and his production company, Uwais resigned from his daytime job as an operational driver at, an Indonesian telecom company.  In his first acting experience in "Merantau", Uwais played the role of a young Minang (West-Sumatran), which led him to learn the Minang style of silat harimau (tiger style) from Master Edwel Datuk Rajo Gampo Alam. "Merantau" was released in Indonesia on 6 August 2009. The film was featured in Puchon International Fantastic Film Festival in South Korea and Fantastic Fest in Austin, Texas with highly positive reviews. "Merantau" won the Best Film award at ActionFest 2010.  Uwais's second collaboration with Gareth Evans was "The Raid" (known as "The Raid: Redemption" in the United States), which began filming in mid-March 2011 and was released in mid-2012. The movie has been hailed by critics and audiences in various festivals as one of the best martial art movies in years.  Uwais collaborated on a third movie with Evans, "The Raid 2". Uwais also appeared briefly in "" (2015), alongside "The Raid 2" co-star Yayan Ruhian.  In 2016, he appeared in the martial arts film "Headshot", which received generally positive reviews.  In 2017, he filmed the international martial arts film "Triple Threat", together with Tony Jaa, Tiger Chen, and Scott Adkins—the film was released in early 2019. In 2018, Uwais starred in the films, "Mile 22" and "The Night Comes for Us". In the same year, it was announced that Uwais was cast in the lead role of Kai Jin on the Netflix series, "Wu Assassins". The series premiered on 8 August 2019.  In 2019, Uwais starred in the action comedy film "Stuber" alongside Kumail Nanjiani and Dave Bautista. In the same year, it was announced that Uwais will appear in a film called "China Town Express" playing a man who must fight through the gangland of New York to save his family after the disappearance of his son during a gang's killing spree.

Personal life.

On June 25, 2012, Uwais married singer Audy Item at the Hotel Gran Mahakam in Jakarta. The couple have two daughters, Atreya Syahla Putri Uwais and Aneska Layla Putri Uwais. Uwais is a Muslim.

Iko Uwais (born Uwais Qorny; February 12, 1983) is an Indonesian actor, stuntman, fight choreographer, and martial artist. He is best known for starring in the action films "Merantau" (2009), "The Raid" (2011), "The Raid 2" (2014), "Headshot" (2016), "Mile 22" (2018)," The Night Comes for Us" (2018), "Stuber" (2019) and the Netflix series "Wu Assassins" (2019–present).

伊科·乌艾斯(英语:Iko Uwais)是一位印尼男演员、特技表演者、动作指导和武术家。主要代表作为加雷斯·埃文斯执导、其主演的印尼动作片 "Merantau" (2009), 《全面突袭》(2012)和《全面突袭2:拳速前进》(2014)。


History.

2009–2013: JJ Project and formation.

In 2009, JB and Jinyoung were cast into JYP Entertainment after passing open auditions. In 2010, Mark and BamBam were respectively scouted by JYP scouts in Los Angeles, USA and Bangkok, Thailand. That same year, Yugyeom became a JYP trainee after he was offered an opportunity at his dance school. In December, Jackson passed JYP's overseas audition in Hong Kong, but he did not start his training until the summer of 2011.  JB and Jinyoung, then known by the stage name Junior, made their debut as actors in the 2012 television drama "Dream High 2". In May, they debuted as the pop duo JJ Project with the single "Bounce". The duo appeared again as actors for the 2013 drama, "When a Man Falls in Love".  Meanwhile, Mark, Jackson, BamBam and Yugyeom prepared for their debut together as a group. The quartet made their first television appearance on the fourth episode of Mnet's reality-survival program "Who is Next: WIN", which aired on September 6, 2013. The seventh and final member to join the group was Youngjae, who had only been a trainee for seven months.

2014: Debut with "Got It?", "Got Love", "Identify" and "Around the World".

JYP Entertainment announced Got7 on January 1, 2014, debuting their first boy group since 2PM in 2008. A tentative name of the group was "Get7" (), but was changed because it didn't sound good. According to Park Jin-young, "Got7" originated from best-selling group g.o.d, as Park was supposed to debut with them as a six-member mix-gender group and used the working name "Got6". The final name includes the lucky number seven, meaning "seven lucky people come together".  Got7 was described as a hip-hop group that incorporates martial arts tricking and b-boying styles in their performances. This style drew comparisons to their senior group, 2PM, who are well known for their acrobatic dance styles. Thus, the group drew attention even before the official debut and received the nickname "post 2PM".  Got7 released their first EP, "Got It?," on January 20, 2014. The album shot to No. 1 on "Billboard"'s World Albums Chart and was No. 2 on the Gaon Album Chart. Got7 made their official music program debut on January 16, 2014, through Mnet's "M Countdown", performing their debut single "Girls Girls Girls". Shortly after their debut, the group signed a contract with Japan's Sony Music Entertainment and launched a showcase in Japan in front of 9,000 fans.  On June 23, Got7 released their second EP, "Got Love", with its title song "A", which was written and produced by J.Y. Park. For their new EP, the group opted to show a brighter and more colorful image than their martial arts and b-boy style choreography emphasized at debut. In November 2014, the group released their first full-length album, "Identify", as well as the music video for its title track, "Stop Stop It". "Identify" topped Gaon's Weekly Album Sales Chart in its first week and "Stop Stop It" peaked at number four on "Billboard"'s World Digital Songs chart. In October, Got7 held their first Japan Tour, "Got7 1st Japan Tour 2014", and made their Japanese debut on October 22 with their single "Around the World". This included the hip-hop track "So Lucky", composed and written by 2PM's Jun. K.

2015: "Love Train", "Just Right"," Laugh Laugh Laugh" and "Mad".

In January, Got7 were awarded the "New Artist Award" at the 29th Golden Disc Awards and at the 24th Seoul Music Awards. In the same month, Got7 starred in their own web drama "Dream Knight", co-produced by Youku Tudou and JYP Pictures, and featuring actress Song Ha-yoon as the female lead role. The drama tells the story of a girl who shares dreams, love and friendship with a group of mysterious boys with magic powers and gathered close to 13 million hits in total. The show received the "Best Drama Award", "Best Director Award" and "Rising Star Award" at the K-Web Fest in July.  On June 10, 2015, the group released their second Japanese single "Love Train", which debuted at No. 4 on the Oricon Singles Chart. The single contains an "Love Train", the original Japanese song "O.M.G." and the two tracks' instrumental renditions. The group released their third EP, "Just Right", on July 13, 2015. The title track, "Just Right", peaked at No. 3 on Billboard's World Digital Songs chart, remaining in the top three for two consecutive weeks. As of January 8, 2020, the "Just Right" music video on YouTube has over 300 million views, making it the groups first music video to reach this milestone.  Got7 released their third Japanese single "Laugh Laugh Laugh" with its B-side "Be My Girl" on September 23. It sold over 35,000 album copies in the first week of its release and made its debut at No. 1 on the Oricon's singles chart.  The group released their fourth EP, "Mad", and the music video for its title track, "If You Do", on September 29. They followed up this release with their first repackaged album, "Mad: Winter Edition", on November 23, with the three additional tracks, "Confession Song", "Everyday" and "Farewell".

2016: "Flight Log: Departure", Fly Tour and "Flight Log: Turbulence".

On February 3, 2016 GOT7 released their first full-length Japanese studio album titled "Moriagatteyo". The lead single is co-composed by 2PM's Jang Wooyoung and features a bside co-composed by Jun.K also of 2PM. The album placed number two on the Oricon charts. The album features 12 original Japanese songs which includes songs from their first three Japanese singles. The album also features 4 Japanese versions of their Korean singles "Girls Girls Girls", "A", "Stop Stop It", and "Just Right". On February 15, 2016, Got7 and labelmate Twice were confirmed as new clothing ambassadors for NBA Style Korea. On March 21, 2016, Got7's fifth EP, "", and its title track, "Fly", were released. On March 31, Got7 became the first Korean act to chart on Billboard's Artist 100 since Psy (peaking at No. 88), entering the chart at No. 45. On April 9, 2016, Got7 entered the Billboard Artist 100 chart at No. 45, becoming only the second K-pop act chart on the ranking. "" debuted at No. 2 on the Billboard Heatseekers Album Chart and on the Billboard World Albums Chart. On April 12, Got7 digitally released "Home Run", the second title track for their "" album – member JB participated in writing and composing the song.  Got7 participated in the Japanese educational TV program from April. In NHK Educational TV's "TV Hangul Course" () they played "Soon-Ock Kim's School" students role and showed humorous Hangul skits every week. They appeared in the text books monthly as well. They appeared regularly for 2 years until March 2018.  Got7 held their first solo concert, "Fly Tour", from April 29–30 in Seoul, with the tour continuing on to dates in China, Japan, Thailand, Singapore and the United States throughout the summer.  In the first half of the year, the group became brand model in Thailand for IT'S SKIN, softlens brand BAUSCH+LOMB, and "Est Cola". For BAUSCH+LOMB, Mark, BamBam and Jinyoung starred in a short film titled "Sanctuary", which was released on May 11 together with three Thai actors.  On September 27, Got7 released their second studio album titled "", which consists of thirteen songs, including the title track "Hard Carry". The members have contributed to the composition and lyrics of 11 tracks on the album. It sold 200,000 album copies in South Korea and debuted at No. 1 on Billboard's World Albums Chart, selling 2,000 copies in the U.S.  On November 16, GOT7 released their first Japanese EP titled "Hey Yah". The album took third place on the Oricon chart and is the first Japanese album in which members took part in writing and composing. The album also features a track produced by 2PM's Jang Wooyoung who has previously worked with GOT7.  "Fly" charted at No. 15 on Billboard year-end World Albums chart, marking GOT7's first appearance on the chart, and they also ranked at No. 6 on the Billboard year-end World Albums Artists chart, making them the highest-charting act other than BTS. To date, only G-Dragon, Shinee, 2NE1 and EXO have landed on this chart.

2017: "Flight Log: Arrival", "My Swagger", "7 For 7" and "Turn Up".

In February 2017, donation area G+ Star Zone re-opened, decorated with life-size portraits of Got7, to raise funds in their name to help financially disadvantaged teenagers.  On March 13, the third album of the "Flight Log" trilogy, "", was released. The album sold 220,000 copies in pre-orders alone, and, with 310,000 sold by April 14, it exceeded the total sales of 230,000 copies for "Flight Log: Turbulence". Moreover, "Flight Log: Arrival" placed first on Gaon and Hanteo's album charts in March, topping Billboard's World Album Chart.  On May 24, the group released a new single in Japan, "My Swagger", which topped Billboard's Japan Single Chart and took second place on Oricon on the day of release.  On October 10, the group released their seventh EP titled "7 for 7". The title track "You Are" is co-composed and co-written by group leader JB, the album also features songs written and composed by the members themselves. Following the release of their album, title track "You Are" topped real-time music charts in South Korea.  On November 15, the group released their second Japanese EP titled "Turn Up". Simultaneously they held their tour in Japan titled "GOT7 Japan Tour 2017: Turn Up". This is the group's first album and tour in which member Jackson did not participate in due to health concerns and conflicting schedules, resulting in a halt on all his Japanese schedules with the exception of special occasions.  On December 7, Got7 re-released their EP "7 for 7" as a holiday themed "present edition" featuring new photos of the members. Alongside the re-release of the album, the group released a performance video for their b-side "Teenager", which was composed by member JB.

2018: "Eyes On You", second world tour, "THE New Era", and "Present: You".

On March 9, Got7 was appointed honorary ambassador for Korea's National Fire Agency.  On March 12, the group had their comeback through their eighth EP entitled "Eyes On You". The title track "Look" is co-composed and co-written by JB, with the other members contributing to the album as well. Following the release of the album, "Look" topped major real time charts in Korea, becoming their most successful track on music charts since debut. The album also topped the iTunes international album charts in twenty countries and the Hanteo's daily chart on March 12 for physical album sales. "Look" entered the Gaon Download Chart in third, while "Eyes on You" topped the physical album shipments chart for the week from March 11 through 17. The album also debuted on Billboard World Albums Chart at number 2. "Eyes on You" sold over 300,000 copies in Korea and was certified platinum by Gaon Chart and the Korean Music Content Association (KMCA).  On May 4–6, Got7 kicked off their 2018 Eyes On You World Tour in Seoul. The tour dates continued throughout the summer selling out shows in Asia, Europe, North America, and South America. While touring the United States, Got7 became the first k-pop group to perform at Brooklyn's Barclays Center.  Throughout May and June Got7 simultaneously held a tour in Japan while on their world tour titled "Got7 Japan Fan Connecting Hall Tour 2018: THE New Era" in support of their Japanese single "THE New Era", which was released on June 20. The single topped the Oricon charts placing number one on the daily charts and on Billboard Japan.  On September 17, Got7 released their third studio album entitled "". Following the release of the album, title track "Lullaby" topped major real time charts in Korea. While promoting the album, Got7 became the third male group to hold a comeback show on Mnet through their television channel, Facebook, and YouTube. The "Got7 Comeback Show" aired two hours after the album was released. "Present: You" was certified platinum by Gaon Chart on November 8, 2018, after selling over 250,000 copies.

2019: "I Won't Let You Go", Jus2 sub-unit, "Spinning Top", "Love Loop", and "Call My Name".

On January 30, Got7 released their third Japanese extended play "I Won't Let You Go," which debuted at No. 1 on the Oricon Daily Album Chart with estimated sales of 22,948 copies, holding the position for the entire week and eventually topping the Oricon Weekly Album Chart for the week January 28 – February 3.  On February 13, JYP Entertainment hinted at Got7's second sub-unit duo, later revealed to be JB and Yugyeom named Jus2. They released their music video entitled "Focus on Me" on March 4, 2019 and subsequently released their debut album, "Focus" the following day. They also had their first tour, "Jus2 <FOCUS> Premiere Showcase Tour", stopping at 7 cities in Asia.  The group released their ninth extended play, "Spinning Top: Between Security & Insecurity", on May 20, 2019. They sold 64,148 copies on the first day and 214,125 copies in the first week, becoming the first group from JYP Entertainment to sell 2 million albums since debut. The EP debuted on the "Billboard" World Albums chart at No. 5, also coming in at No. 9 on "Billboard's" Heatseekers Albums chart. They then embarked on their third world tour from June 15 to October 26, titled Got7 2019 World Tour 'Keep Spinning'. They stopped at 12 countries in North America, South America and Europe, including Australia and the Philippines. During its North American stop, Got7 appeared on the "Today Show" on June 26, becoming the first Korean group to perform on the show.  On July 31, Got7 released their fourth Japanese extended play, "Love Loop", which debuted at No. 2 on Oricon's daily albums chart with estimated sales of 15,257 copies, raising at No. 1 on August 3. To commemorate the release, a special pop-up shop with a dedicated menu was opened in Tokyo and Osaka from July 30 to August 12. The group held the Our Loop Tour from July 30 to August 18. In September additional dates for the Keep Spinning World Tour were added, indicating they were going to continue the world tour in 2020 and stopping at 5 different Asian countries.  The group released their tenth extended play, "Call My Name", and its lead single "You Calling My Name" on November 4, 2019. They sold 100,341 copies on the first day and 224,459 copies in the first week, and became the first artist from JYP Entertainment to sell over 100,000 copies on the first day. The EP debuted on the "Billboard" World Albums chart at No. 5, and also topped the Gaon Weekly Chart and the Hanteo Weekly Chart.  At the end of the year, they won their first Grand Prize (daesang) at the 4th Asia Artist Awards for Performance of the Year. They also ended the year at No. 4 on "Billboard's" Year-End Social 50 Artists Chart. In December, tickets were released for the Bangkok leg of the Keep Spinning World Tour at the Rajamangala National Stadium, and sold out within two hours. Due to high demand they announced an additional concert date, and would become the second K-pop group to perform two shows at the venue.

2020: "Dye".

On April 20, 2020, Got7 released their eleventh EP, "Dye", along with its lead single, "Not By the Moon". They sold 159,098 copies of their EP on the first day and 281,791 copies in the first week, breaking their personal record for first day and first week sales. The EP also debuted on the "Billboard" World Albums chart at No. 4.

Filmography.

Dramas

Concert tours.

World tours

Got7 () is a South Korean boy band formed by JYP Entertainment. The group is composed of seven members: JB, Mark, Jackson, Jinyoung, Youngjae, BamBam, and Yugyeom. Got7 debuted in January 2014 with the release of their first EP "Got It?", which peaked at number two on the Gaon Album Chart and number one on "Billboard's" World Albums Chart. The group gained attention also for their live performances, which often includes elements of martial arts tricking and street dancing.

GOT7()是韩国JYP娱乐于2014年推出的7人男子团体,由四名韩国成员JB、珍荣、荣宰、有谦,及三名外籍成员,分别是台湾裔美国籍的Mark、香港的Jackson,以及泰国的BamBam所组成,由JB担任队长。GOT7于2014年1月16日以《Girls Girls Girls》正式出道,为JYP娱乐时隔6年再次推出的男子团体,由多国籍成员组成,出道初期以JYP娱乐首支嘻哈团体为号召,擅长表演「martial arts tricking」(又名「MAT」,martial arts tricking是以含有武术要素的动作为背景的华丽技术,将踢腿和旋转动作与B-boy的舞蹈做巧妙结合的表演风格。)后来则发展出各式各样的音乐色彩,并以充满活力及团队合作的舞台表演为主。全员皆会作词作曲,是少有的全方位性团体。


Plot.

In a theatre, Guillaume recounts how his life developed as a youth. As a young effeminate boy, his mother casually dismisses his antics. When he asks to go learn Spanish, his mother sends him to La Línea de la Concepción. There he stays with Paqui, a Spanish woman unable to speak French. As they awkwardly try to communicate, she suggests teaching him how to dance the sevillanas. Becoming proficient, Guillaume dances at a local festival but is subjected to laughter. Oblivious to why, he asks a woman named Pilar to dance with him. She politely refuses, explaining to him how he dances like a girl. He asks her if she thinks he looks like a girl. She agrees and he happily remarks that his mother would be delighted.  Fascinated by his mother, Guillaume imitates her voice to the family cook and his grandmother, Babou. His father, however, is dissatisfied with his son's behaviour. After catching him pretending to be Sissi, his father sends him away to an all-boys boarding school. Unable to withstand the constant taunting, Guillaume writes a plea to his father. Following a psychiatric assessment, his parents decide to transfer him to an English boarding school.  Guillaume revels in his new school, a place where he is no longer judged by his personality. He develops an attraction to a schoolboy named Jeremy, but is heartbroken when he discovers Jeremy having sex with a girl. While his mother tries to console him, she inadvertently blurts out that he is homosexual; a thought that did not initially occur to him. He gains exemption from his national service because of his fragile state.  After a series of psychotherapy sessions, Guillaume decides to visit a Bavarian spa to relax. There he is given a painful sports massage by Raymund and an unexpected colonic by Ingeborg. Still conflicted about his sexuality, he is advised by his aunt to experiment. During his first attempt, he introduces himself to a man named Karim at a nightclub and follows him home. At Karim's flat, he finds two other men waiting to gang bang him. He escapes after Karim realises that he is not an Arab. In his second attempt, he meets a well-endowed man and panics.  Eventually, Guillaume meets a woman named Amandine at a friend's dinner party. He falls in love and they get engaged. When broaching the subject to his mother, she begins to question his sexuality. Guillaume realises that she finds this difficult to accept because she fears losing him to another woman.

Production.

Taken from his successful 2008 one-man stage show at the Théâtre de l’Ouest Parisien, Gallienne adapted the script for film with the help of and her husband, Nikolas Vassiliev. The film was produced by LGM Productions, Rectangle Productions and Gaumont. Filming took place on location in Paris in July 2012.  In a 2014 interview with "The Guardian", Gallienne explained how the concept came to him during therapy session, expressing how "it became the connecting link for all the separate anecdotes in the puzzle of my life; as if all the years of confusion suddenly made sense." In an interview with "Le Monde", he described how as a young boy he would be very feminine, giving the impression that he was homosexual. The original French title (”Boys, Guillaume, dinner is served!“) originates from a phrase his mother would use when calling her children to a meal, which Gallienne has suggested was her means of differentiating between himself and her more masculine sons.  The play has been translated into German by Karolina Fell, published by Rowohlt Verlag and will be presented in a first foreign language production as "Maman und ich" at the Theater O-TonArt in Berlin on 30 September 2016. The role of Guillaume is going to be played by André Fischer, directed by Alexander Katt.

Reception.

Film reviews were generally positive, with a 3.9 out of 5 rating on AlloCiné based on 23 critics' reviews. Stephen Dalton writing for "The Hollywood Reporter" described the film as "sweet and sunny and shamelessly sentimental in places", with "shades of Pedro Almodovar". Variety critic, Peter Debruge called it a "self-deprecating crowdpleaser", and considered Galliene a "curly-haired version of American funnyman Tony Hale". Critics particularly praised Galliene's performance in the film. For "", Cyrille Latour described it as a "remarkable mix of funny, tenderness and cruelty". Comparisons were drawn between Galliene's role as his mother and Dustin Hoffman's performance in the 1982 film "Tootsie". However, Julien Kojfer at "L'Obs" criticised the film for containing numerous clichéd characterisations within the storyline.  Writing for the "Slate", Charlotte Pudlowski thought the film was socially relevant at a time when the issue of same-sex marriage in France was being discussed, stating that "there was something very unique to the film's history about a boy who thinks he is a girl, in a family who believes he is gay and who eventually marries a young woman". She also noted that the film, while similarly themed, was not as sexually explicit as 2013 Palme d'Or winner, "Blue Is the Warmest Colour".  "Me, Myself and Mum" grossed $24 million in total worldwide, with $22,479,449 earned in France. It became the fifth best cinematic opening of 2013 in France, debuting at the top of the French box office and selling 69,342 tickets across 406 screens in its first week. The film was screened in the Directors' Fortnight section at the 2013 Cannes Film Festival where it received a standing ovation. It also won the top prize (Art Cinema Award) and the Prix SACD. In January 2014, the film was nominated for ten César Awards at the 39th César Awards and won awards for Best Film and Best First Feature Film.

Me, Myself and Mum () is a 2013 French autobiographical coming of age comedy film written, directed by and starring Guillaume Gallienne. Based on his stage show of the same name, it follows Guillaume as a boy as he develops his own identity and his relationship with his mother.

《男孩们和吉约姆》 () 是一部2013年法国喜剧片,是法国男演员吉约姆·高丽安自导自演的作品,为他的导演处女作。入选第66届戛纳电影节“导演双周”单元,并赢得国际艺术院线协会奖。影片获得法国第39届凯萨奖最佳影片、导演等计10项提名,最终打败《阿黛尔的生活》赢得最佳影片、最佳男主角、最佳处女作、最佳改编剧本和最佳剪辑五个大奖。


Contents.

The book consists of 36 chapters, organised into nine sections.  Parts 1 to 3 detail Lévi-Strauss' reflections on leaving Europe and visiting the New World and the Tropics, comparing his first impressions with subsequent visits, relating aspects of his academic training as well as his work as a professor during the founding years of University of São Paulo.  Part 4 'The Earth and its Inhabitants' sets out a geographical analysis of the development of South American settlements, as well as an aside into social structure in India and what is now Pakistan.  Parts 5 through 8 each focus on a Native Brazilian culture group: Caduveo (or Guaycuru), Bororó, Nambikwara and Tupi-Kawahib respectively, while touching on many other topics.  Part 9 'The Return' closes the book with reflections on, among other themes, the nature and purpose of anthropology, the effects of travel on the mind, the roles of Buddhism and Islam in global culture, humankind's place in the universe and our connections to the world and to one another.

Style.

The opening sentence, 'I hate traveling and explorers', is notable for its irony. In general, the narrative is highly reflexive, often critiquing itself or the author's and reader's assumed pretensions, such as a thirst for the 'exotic'.  Though the writing style is fluid, almost conversational at times, the structure of the text is extremely complex, linking together numerous places, times and ideas. For example, Part One: 'An End to Journeying' connects Lévi-Strauss' first trip to Brazil in 1935 with his escape from France to New York City in 1941 and his later visits to South America, in a stylistic imitation of memory.  Lévi-Strauss frequently makes connections between ostensibly diverse entities or ideas to underline a point. For example, in Chapter 14, he compares the ancient cities of the Indus valley with those of the US in the mid-20th century, implying that Mohenjo-Daro and Harappa could be imagined as foreshadowing contemporary Chicago or São Paulo 'after a prolonged period of involution in the European chrysalis'.  The work maintains an elegiac and poetic tone, lamenting a 'lost' New World but is tempered by a strong ambivalence, perhaps a product of the paradoxical idealized status of the anthropologist as a 'detached observer' who nevertheless remains engaged as a human participant.  Lévi-Strauss provides assessments of the impact of development on the environment, the'shrinking' of the world through travel and tourism and the consequent emergence of a form of'monoculture'.

Critical reception and influence.

The book was well-received on its publication. The organizers of the Prix Goncourt lamented that they were not able to award Lévi-Strauss the prize because "Tristes Tropiques" was technically non-fiction. Georges Bataille wrote a favourable review and Susan Sontag classed it as one of the 20th century's 'great books'.

Tristes Tropiques (the French title translates literally as "Sad Tropics") is a memoir, first published in France in 1955, by the anthropologist and structuralist Claude Lévi-Strauss. It documents his travels and anthropological work, focusing principally on Brazil, though it refers to many other places, such as the Caribbean and India. Although ostensibly a travelogue, the work is infused with philosophical reflections and ideas linking many academic disciplines, such as sociology, geology, music, history and literature. The book was first translated into English by John Russell as "A World on the Wane".

《忧郁的热带》(法语:Tristes Tropiques),是法国结构主义人类学家克劳德·李维史陀的回忆录,亦是李维史陀唯一的非学术著作,出版于1955年。


History.

The village was first settled in 1771. In 1787 Benajah Douglas, grandfather of 1860 presidential candidate Stephen A. Douglas, built the first tavern and hotel at Ballston Spa. It was located near the natural spring.  In 1803 Ballston Spa's Sans Souci Hotel, at the time the largest hotel in the United States, was built by Nicholas Low. Presidents, senators and governors stayed there, as well as many wealthy private citizens. Ballston Spa was incorporated as a village in 1807.  At one time the village was served by four railroads: the Delaware and Hudson Railway, the Ballston Terminal Railroad, the Schenectady Railway Company, and the Hudson Valley Railway.  The village was famous for its mineral water spring used for healing in sanatoriums, including the Hawthorne and Lithia springs.  The effervescent water, tonic, and cathartic from this city is also known as Ballston Spa. The liquid contains common salt and carbonates of magnesium and calcium.

Movies and books.

Portions of the novel "The Last of the Mohicans" were written by James Fenimore Cooper in the present day Brookside Museum and inspired by the local landscape.  The village was the model for the village of North Bath, NY, the setting for the 1993 best-selling novel and 1994 movie, "Nobody's Fool". The book's author, Richard Russo, is a native of nearby Gloversville. It was also the location of the fictional "Elspeth Hatch" murder trial defended by Clarence Darrow set in 1897 in the book titled "The Angel of Darkness" by author Caleb Carr.  Several scenes in Sydney Pollack's 1973 film "The Way We Were" were filmed on Ballston Spa's Front Street. Scenes from "The Horse Whisperer" (1998) were also filmed in the village.  Since 2008 Ballston Spa has been home to the "Ballston Spa Film Festival" of short films from around the globe.

Museums.

Ballston Spa is home to the National Bottle Museum. It is also home to Brookside Museum, Saratoga County Historical Society.  The Brookside Museum, United States Post Office, Union Mill Complex, and Verbeck House are listed on the National Register of Historic Places.

Industry.

In 1838 the Ballston Spa National Bank, one of the oldest still functioning American banks was founded. In 2015, the bank opened its 11th branch. It also boasts a world class IT department. George West (known as the "Paper Bag King") developed a line of square-bottomed paper bags which he manufactured by the millions after the American Civil War, and at one time owned almost a dozen paper mills located along the Kayaderosseras Creek. The village was also home to the Ballston Knitting Company from 1918 to 1994.  As the county seat of Saratoga County, county offices, courts, law enforcement, and the jail are major employers.

Government.

Recent mayors of Ballston Spa:

Geography.

Ballston Spa is located at (43.007185, -73.851168).  According to the United States Census Bureau, the village has a total area of, of which, of it is land and 0.62% is water.  New York State Route 50 (Milton Avenue), a north-south highway, passes through the village and intersects New York State Route 67 (West High Street). County Road 63 (Malta Avenue) leaves the village to the east, connecting it to U.S. Route 9 and Interstate 87 (The Northway).

Demographics.

As of the census of 2000, there were 5,556 people, 2,267 households, and 1,385 families residing in the village. The population density was 3,464.8 people per square mile (1,340.7/km). There were 2,398 housing units at an average density of 1,495.4 per square mile (578.7/km). The racial makeup of the village was 96.33% White, 1.17% African American, 0.16% Native American, 0.52% Asian, 0.61% from other races, and 1.21% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 1.94% of the population.  There were 2,267 households, out of which 32.4% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 45.9% were married couples living together, 10.8% had a female householder with no husband present, and 38.9% were non-families. 32.1% of all households were made up of individuals, and 11.6% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.32 and the average family size was 2.94.  In the village, the population was spread out, with 23.9% under the age of 18, 8.1% from 18 to 24, 32.7% from 25 to 44, 18.7% from 45 to 64, and 16.6% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 36 years. For every 100 females, there were 88.2 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 85.2 males.  The median income for a household in the village was $37,173, and the median income for a family was $49,387. Males had a median income of $36,929 versus $27,281 for females. The per capita income for the village was $20,237. About 7.4% of families and 10.6% of the population were below the poverty line, including 16.8% of those under age 18 and 5.1% of those age 65 or over.  Before the 2008-2009 school year, the arrangement of public schools was as follows:

Climate.

This climatic region is typified by large seasonal temperature differences, with warm to hot (and often humid) summers and cold (sometimes severely cold) winters. According to the Köppen Climate Classification system, Ballston Spa has a humid continental climate, abbreviated "Dfb" on climate maps.

Ballston Spa is a village and the county seat of Saratoga County, New York, United States, located southwest of Saratoga Springs. The population of the village, named after Rev. Eliphalet Ball, a Congregationalist clergyman and an early settler, was 5,409 at the 2010 census. Ballston Spa lies on the border of two towns, situated partly in the Town of Ballston and partly in the Town of Milton.

鲍尔斯顿斯帕(Ballston Spa)是美国纽约州萨拉托加县的一个村,是萨拉托加县的县城。2000年人口普查时的人口为5,556人。 这个村庄的以伊利法莱特·鲍尔命名,一个公理神职人员和一个早期定居者。 这个村庄位于位于萨拉托加泉西南部,两个城镇的边界,部分在巴斯顿镇,另一部分在米尔顿镇。