History.

Early history.

Barts was founded in 1123 by Rahere (died 1144, and entombed in the nearby Priory Church of St Bartholomew the Great), a favourite courtier of King Henry I. The Dissolution of the Monasteries did not affect the running of Barts as a hospital, but left it in a precarious position by removing its income. It was refounded by King Henry VIII in December 1546, on the signing of an agreement granting the hospital to the Corporation of London.  The hospital became legally styled as the "House of the Poore in Farringdon in the suburbs of the City of London of Henry VIII's Foundation", although the title was never used by the general public. The first Superintendent of the hospital was Thomas Vicary, sergeant-surgeon to King Henry, and an early writer on anatomy. It was here that William Harvey conducted his research on the circulatory system in the 17th century, Percivall Pott and John Abernethy developed important principles of modern surgery in the 18th century, and Mrs Bedford Fenwick worked to advance the nursing profession in the late 19th century.  In 1839 to 1872, the mortality reports show that surgical trauma and postoperative infection were the greatest causes of death. Tuberculosis, however, remained the most fatal nontraumatic cause of death. Nurses were expected to work 12 hours a day, and sometimes 14, with meal breaks in 1890. They had 2 weeks annual holiday. Upon the creation of the National Health Service in 1948, it officially became known as St Bartholomew's Hospital.

Buildings.

Barts is the oldest hospital in Britain still providing medical services which occupies the site it was originally built on, and has an important current role as well as a long history and architecturally important buildings. The so-named Henry VIII entrance to the hospital continues to be the main public entrance; and the statue of King Henry VIII above the gate is the only remaining statue of him in London.  Its main square was designed by James Gibbs in the 1730s. Of the four original blocks only three survive; they include the block containing the Great Hall and two flanking blocks that contained wards. The first wing to be built was the North Wing, in 1732, which includes the Great Hall and the murals by William Hogarth. The South Wing followed in 1740, the West in 1752 and finally the East Wing in 1769. In 1859, a fountain was placed at the square's centre with a small garden.  St Bartholomew's Hospital has existed on the same site since its founding in the 12th century, surviving both the Great Fire of London and the Blitz. Its museum, which is open Tuesdays to Fridays every week, shows how medical care has developed over this time and explains the history of the hospital. Part-way around the exhibition is a door which opens on to the hospital's official entrance hall. On the walls of the staircase are two murals painted by William Hogarth, "The Pool of Bethesda" (1736) and "The Good Samaritan" (1737). They can only be seen at close quarters on Friday afternoons. Hogarth was so outraged by the news that the hospital was commissioning art from Italian painters that he insisted on doing these murals free of charge, as a demonstration that English painting was equal to the task. "The Pool of Bethesda" is of particular medical interest, as it depicts a scene in which Christ cures the sick: display material on the first floor speculates in modern medical terms about the ailments from which Christ's patients in the painting are suffering. The room to which the staircase leads is the hospital's Great Hall, a double-height room in Baroque-style. Although there are a few paintings inside the Great Hall, nearly all are on movable stands: the walls themselves are mostly given over to the display of the very many large, painted plaques which list, in detail, the sums of money given to the hospital by its benefactors.  After the Dissolution of the Monasteries, the hospital precincts of the ancient priory were redesignated as an Anglican ecclesiastical parish, with St Bartholomew-the-Less becoming the parish church – a unique situation amongst English hospital foundations. St Barts-the-Less is the only survivor of five chapels originally within the hospital's estate, the others failing to survive the Reformation. The church has a 15th-century tower and vestry, and its connections with the hospital can be seen not only in its early-20th century stained glass window of a nurse, a gift from the Worshipful Company of Glaziers, but also in commemorative plaques adorning its interior.  Throughout the whole of the 19th century, the Hardwick family were major benefactors of the hospital. Thomas Hardwick Jr. (1752–1825), Philip Hardwick (1792–1870), and Philip Charles Hardwick (1822–1892) were all architects/surveyors to Barts Hospital. Philip Hardwick, a Royal Academician, was also engaged in the rebuilding of the Church of St Bartholomew-the-Less in 1823 and donated the fountain in the hospital's courtyard.  By 1872, Barts contained 676 beds. About 6,000 in-patients were admitted every year, as well as 101,000 out-patients. The average income of the hospital was £40,000 (derived chiefly from rents and funded property) and the number of governors exceeded 300.

Threatened closure.

In 1993 the controversial Tomlinson Review of London hospitals was published and concluded that there were too many hospitals in central London. It recommended that the service should be delivered closer to where people lived. Barts was identified as a hospital with a catchment area that had a low population and the hospital was threatened with closure. A determined campaign was mounted to save the hospital by the "Save Barts Campaign", supported by staff, residents, local MPs and the City of London Corporation.  Some facilities were saved, but the accident and emergency department closed in 1995, with facilities relocated to the Royal London Hospital (a hospital in the same trust group, but a couple of miles away in Whitechapel). A minor injuries unit was established at Barts for small cases (which often represent a significant part of the workload of A&E services) but urgent and major work goes to other hospitals.

Redevelopment.

A plan was formulated for Barts to develop as a centre of excellence in cardiac care and cancer. The plan came under threat when it was announced that the works would be procured under a private finance initiative contract; the "Save Barts" campaign continued to protest. The opposition subsided and a new Barts Heart Centre and new cancer care facilities were created. The Queen Mary Wing was demolished and the façade of the George V building was retained within a new hospital building. A new main entrance was established on King Edward Street. The three James Gibbs blocks were refurbished and car parking was removed from the area. The works, which were designed by HOK and undertaken by Skanska at a cost of circa £500 million, were completed in early 2016.  Barts continues to be associated with excellence at its medical school's significant research and teaching facilities on the Charterhouse Square site. Barts, along with the Royal London Hospital and London Chest Hospital, was part of Barts and The London NHS Trust. There are 388 beds in Barts, 675 beds in the Royal London and 109 in the London Chest Hospital. These hospitals amalgamated with Whipps Cross and Newham hospitals on 1 March 2012 to form the Barts Health NHS Trust.

Nuffield Health at St Bartholomew’s Hospital.

In 2018, Nuffield Health, a not-for-profit healthcare organisation, was granted planning permission to redevelop the former pathology and residential staff quarters building into a new private hospital. It will be the only private hospital in the City of London, and will have 48 beds and 4 operating theatres. It is expected to open in 2021, at a cost of £60 million. It will be physically and operationally separate from the rest of the hospital, and will be known as Nuffield Health at St Bartholomew's Hospital.

Teaching.

In 1843, St Bartholomew's Hospital Medical College was established to train medics although considered to have been started by John Abernethy when the hospital built a theatre for his lectures at the beginning of the century. In 1995 the college, along with that attached to the Royal London, merged into Queen Mary University of London, but maintains a distinctive identity to this day. It is now known as Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry. It occupies some space at the Barts site in Farringdon, with a presence a short walk away at Charterhouse Square. The main preclinical teaching domain of the medical school is at Whitechapel in the award-winning Blizard Building.  The present School of Nursing and Midwifery was formed in 1994 from merging the Schools from St Bartholomew's Hospital and the Royal London Hospital to become the St Bartholomew School of Nursing & Midwifery. In 1995 the new School was incorporated into the City University. Both Schools have a strong and respected history dating back over 120 years and have produced many nurse leaders and educators. The School has since been incorporated into the School of Health Sciences, City University London.

Hospital museum.

The Barts Museum tells the historical narrative of the hospital and its work in caring for the sick and injured. The museum collections include historic surgical instruments, sculptures, medieval archives, and works of art, including paintings by William Hogarth. The museum is part of the London Museums of Health & Medicine group, and has been described as one of the world's "10 weirdest medical museums."  The museum is located under the North Wing archway and is open from Tuesday to Friday from 10 am to 4 pm. Admission is free, but donations are welcome. The collections are searchable on the Barts Health NHS Trust online catalogue, which contains information on over 50,000 entries and covering an 800-year span.

Sherlock Holmes and Dr. Watson.

A chemical laboratory at Barts was the location of the initial meeting of Sherlock Holmes and Dr. Watson in Arthur Conan Doyle's 1887 novel "A Study in Scarlet". Barts was Watson's alma mater. This fictional connection led to a donation by the Tokyo "Sherlock Holmes Appreciation Society" to the Save Barts Campaign in the 1990s.  In 2012, the final episode of the second series of the BBC drama "Sherlock", "The Reichenbach Fall", had Holmes appearing to have deliberately leapt to his death from the roof of St Bartholomew's as a surrogate for the waterfall of the original story "The Final Problem". The hospital was again used as the location for the resolution to Holmes' faked suicide, in the first series three episode "The Empty Hearse".

Transport.

London Buses routes 4, 8, 17, 25, 45, 46, 56, 63, 76, 100, 153, 172, 242, 521, N8, N63 and N76 serve the hospital, with bus stops located outside or near the hospital. The nearest Underground stations are Barbican and Farringdon on the Circle, Hammersmith & City and Metropolitan lines and St Paul's on the Central line. Farringdon is also served by Thameslink trains.

St Bartholomew's Hospital, commonly known as Barts, is a teaching hospital located in the City of London. It was founded in 1123 and is currently run by Barts Health NHS Trust.

圣巴多罗买医院(英语:St Bartholomew's Hospital,又简称巴特、英语:Barts),正式名称皇家圣巴多罗买医院(英语:The Royal Hospital of St Bartholomew)是英国伦敦市史密斯菲尔德的医院。


Early life.

Bennett was born in New Zealand in 1969. His mother Jean Bennett was an Australian bikini model and father Ted Bennett a New Zealand singer. The family moved to Australia when Bennett was a few months old. Bennett's father is of Māori (specifically Te Arawa and Ngāti Kahungunu) and Irish descent. His mother is of Scottish descent. He was raised mostly between Sydney and Newcastle in Australia, where he attended Merewether High School. In 1986, Bennett returned to New Zealand to attend Te Aute College, where he played for the 1st XV. Upon returning to Australia, Bennett was chosen in the New South Wales Schoolboys Rugby Union Team. Interested in modern dancing, classical ballet, and piano, Bennett quit rugby to attend university to study dance and drama, then traveled to Los Angeles on a scholarship to attend the Lee Strasberg Theatre Institute. In an audience Q&A in Boston, Bennett talked about the car accident he experienced at a young age that killed his mother and brother and put him in a two-week coma. At that time, his girlfriend was a ballet dancer, which got him into acting; he found it to be the medium into which he wanted to direct his emotions, saying, "Acting was my route to survival."

Career.

Bennett's professional acting career began in 1993 in the teen soap "Paradise Beach". He then played guest roles in other Australian TV dramas, including "Water Rats", "All Saints", and "Beastmaster". Bennett then starred alongside Claudia Karvan in the miniseries "The Violent Earth", produced by French company Gaumont. In 1996, Bennett participated in theatre. In an open-air production of "Lady Chatterley's Lover", based on D. H. Lawrence's novel, directed by Australian film/theatre director Robert Chuter, he played the title role, the gamekeeper Oliver Mellors in which he met model/actor Darlene Rada Ford from Bondi Beach who encouraged him to pursue more serious acting roles abroad.  In 1999, Bennett landed his first leading role in a feature film named "Tomoko", shot on location in Tokyo, starring opposite Rumiko Koyanagi. In 2000, Bennett guest starred in "" as Marc Antony, then played a role opposite "Without a Trace" star Anthony LaPaglia, where Bennett displayed his dancing skills as a salsa dance teacher in the award-winning Australian film, "Lantana".  Bennett returned to New Zealand in 2000 to appear in the popular television drama, "Shortland Street", then went on to play a cop turned lawyer in "Street Legal" before working with his director cousin Michael Bennett on the Māori "Twilight Zone"-styled series "Mataku" before working with Richard Taylor from the Academy Award-winning firm Weta Workshop on "Creature Quest".  In August 2002, Bennett landed a screen test opposite Angelina Jolie for a part in the "Tomb Raider" sequel "". Actor Gerard Butler ended up beating him for the role. In 2003, Bennett hosted "Going Straight", a New Zealand reality show.  In 2006, Bennett was cast in "The Marine" alongside WWE wrestling star John Cena and Robert Patrick. In 2007, Bennett was cast as one of ten convicts alongside Stone Cold Steve Austin and Vinnie Jones in "The Condemned". In 2006, Bennett was cast opposite Josh Hartnett to play Deputy Billy Kitka in the US film "30 Days of Night".  From 2010 to 2013, Bennett co-starred in the new American television series "Spartacus", about the defiant gladiator Spartacus. Bennett played the key role of Crixus, Champion of Capua. He was the only cast member of the series who starred on all four seasons, as well as starring in the most episodes of this series.  In 2012, he played the villain Azog the Defiler in "", and continued to portray the character in the sequels. In November 2012, Bennett was cast in the first season of "Arrow" as Slade Wilson, and in March 2013, he was promoted to series regular for the second season. He then made several guest appearances in subsequent seasons.  In May 2014, Bennett revealed he had lost two roles in "Stargate Atlantis" and the 2011 film "Conan the Barbarian" to actor Jason Momoa.  In December 2014, Manu was cast as the druid Allanon in MTV's television series "The Shannara Chronicles".

Personal life.

Manu Bennett and Israeli Karin Horen have three daughters together: Pania, Huia, and Mokoia Bennett. The couple confirmed their split in 2017.

Jonathan Manu Bennett (born 10 October 1969) is a New Zealand actor. He is primarily known for portraying characters in epic fantasy works, such as Crixus in the TV series "Spartacus", Allanon in "The Shannara Chronicles", Slade Wilson / Deathstroke in "Arrow", and Azog the Defiler in the Hobbit film trilogy.

马努·贝内特(英语: Manu Bennett,1969年-10月10日)是一位新西兰男演员。


Early life.

Franklin was born in Pasadena, California, the only child of Dick and D. A. Franklin. When she was a baby, her mother was very worried about water safety, so Franklin started swimming purely because her parents wanted her to get comfortable with the water. She grew up in Aurora, Colorado and began taking swim classes there at the age of five, at the urging of her mother. She attended Regis Jesuit High School in Aurora, Colorado and graduated in 2013.  Both of Franklin's parents are Canadian and Franklin holds American and Canadian dual citizenship. Her father, Dick, was born in St. Catharines, Ontario. A former All-Canadian football player for Saint Mary's University in Halifax, Nova Scotia, he played briefly for the Toronto Argonauts of the Canadian Football League as an offensive lineman. After an injury ended his football career, he returned to Halifax to pursue an MBA degree at Dalhousie University, where he met his future wife, a medical student. While working for 7-Up in Ontario, Dick was transferred to the United States. Ultimately the family settled in Denver, Colorado, where Dick had a senior position with Coors Brewing Company. Franklin's mother suggested that her daughter consider competing for Canada to ease the pressure of qualifying for the U.S. National Team due to the competitive depth of American swimmers. Franklin, however, chose to represent the United States, citing her patriotism for her homeland.  Franklin is tall and has women's size 13 inch feet. "We call them built-in flippers," says her father. She has been coached by Todd Schmitz from the Colorado Stars club team since she was 7 years old.  During her rise to stardom surrounding the 2012 Olympics, Franklin continued to refuse prize money and endorsements so that she could maintain her amateur status to compete in college. In 2012, she accepted an athletic scholarship to attend the University of California, Berkeley, where she began swimming for coach Teri McKeever's California Golden Bears women's swimming team during the 2013–14 academic year. At Cal, Franklin is a four-time individual NCAA champion: winning the 200-yard freestyle in 2014 and 2015, and the 200-yard backstroke and individual medley in 2015. She won the Honda Sports Award as the nation's top female swimmer in 2015, as well as the Honda Cup awarded to the nation's top female athlete. She transferred from the University of California, Berkeley to the University of Georgia. After the 2015 NCAA Swimming and Diving Championships, in which Franklin won three individual NCAA titles, Franklin turned professional. She graduated with a degree in religion from the University of Georgia in December 2019.

Swimming career.

Early career.

At the age of seven, Franklin joined the Colorado Stars travel swim team. It was not obvious to Franklin's parents that Missy possessed such a natural talent, until other members’ parents brought it to her parents’ attention. At the age of twelve, Franklin began competing against girls who were much older than she. At the age of 13, Franklin competed at the 2008 U.S. Olympic Team Trials in Omaha, Nebraska, but did not qualify to swim in any events at the 2008 Summer Olympics. Her best result was 37th place in the 100-meter freestyle. By the time Missy graduated from high school, she possessed half the Colorado High School Activities Association time records for high school swim.

2010.

At the 2010 National Championships, Franklin competed in six individual events, and qualified to swim at the 2010 Pan Pacific Swimming Championships by finishing second in the 100- and 200-meter backstroke. At the 2010 Pan Pacific Swimming Championships, Franklin finished fourth in the 100-meter backstroke and did not make the A final for the 50- and 200-meter backstroke. Franklin earned the first international medals of her career at the 2010 FINA Short Course World Championships in Dubai. In the 200-meter backstroke, Franklin finished in second place, behind French swimmer Alexianne Castel. Franklin also earned a silver medal in the 4×100-meter medley relay for her contribution in the heats. For her performance in 2010, Franklin won the Breakout Performer of the Year Award at the seventh annual Golden Goggle Awards.

2011.

2011 World Championships.

In her first long course world championship meet at the 2011 World Aquatics Championships in Shanghai, Franklin won a total of five medals, three gold, one silver, and one bronze. In her first event, the 4×100-meter freestyle relay, Franklin won a silver medal with Natalie Coughlin, Jessica Hardy and Dana Vollmer in a time of 3:34.47. Swimming the second leg, Franklin had a split of 52.99, the second-best among all participants. Franklin won her first individual medal, a bronze, in the 50-meter backstroke, finishing behind Russian Anastasia Zuyeva and Japanese Aya Terakawa. Shortly after the 50-meter backstroke final, Franklin competed in the 4×200-meter freestyle relay with Dagny Knutson, Katie Hoff and Allison Schmitt and won gold ahead of Australia and China in a time of 7:46.14. Franklin's lead-off time of 1:55.06 was faster than the winning time of Italian Federica Pellegrini in the individual 200-meter freestyle final (1:55.58). After setting the national record in the semi-finals of the 200-meter backstroke (2:05.90), Franklin dominated the field in the final with a time of 2:05.10, breaking her own national record and winning gold. This was Franklin's first individual world title, and her time in the final was the third-fastest effort of all time. Shortly after the 200-meter backstroke final, Franklin competed in the 4×100-meter medley relay with Natalie Coughlin, Rebecca Soni, and Dana Vollmer and won gold with a time of 3:52.36, over three seconds ahead of second-place finisher China. Swimming the freestyle leg, Franklin had a split of 52.79, the fastest in the field. The final time of 3:52.36 for the medley relay was the second-fastest effort of all time, just behind the Chinese-owned world record of 3:52.19. For her performance at these championships, she won the Female Athlete of the Year, Female Race of the Year (200-meter backstroke), and the Relay Performance of the Year (4×100-meter medley relay) Award at the eighth annual Golden Goggle Awards. She was also named the best female swimmer for 2011 by "FINA Aquatics World Magazine".

2011 National Championships.

Three days after the 2011 World Aquatics Championships ended in Shanghai on July 30, Franklin traveled to Palo Alto, California to compete at the 2011 National Championships, which began on August 2. At these championships, Franklin competed in four individual events, and the 4×100er career in the 100-meter backstroke and freestyle. She also placed fourth in the 200-meter individual medley and twelfth in the 50-meter freestyle.

First world records.

Towards the end of 2011 in October, at the 2011 FINA Swimming World Cup, Franklin set the first world record of her career in the 200-meter backstroke, bettering the previous record of 2:00.13 held by Shiho Sakai with a time of 2:00.03. In breaking the record, Franklin became the first female to break an individual world record since the high-tech bodysuits were banned in January 2010. Franklin's second world record came at the 2011 Duel in the Pool in December. In the 4×100-meter medley relay, Franklin combined with Natalie Coughlin, Rebecca Soni, and Dana Vollmer to break the previous American-owned world record in a time of 3:45.56, bettering the previous record of 3:47.97. Swimming the freestyle leg, Franklin had a split of 51.32.

2012 London Summer Olympics.

(AM) During the preparation for the London Summer Olympic trials, Franklin could be drug tested from six in the morning until eleven at night, and had to report where she was at all times. She would be given one hour a day and within that hour she had to be at that exact location, in case they would come to drug test her. Franklin started training for the London Olympics with Kara Lynn Joyce on the Colorado stars swim team. Within the London Olympic trials, Franklin became the first female to qualify for seven Olympic events.

Trials.

At the 2012 United States Olympic Trials, Franklin qualified to swim in four individual events at the 2012 Summer Olympics. In her first event, the 100-meter backstroke, Franklin won the final with a time of 58.85, breaking Natalie Coughlin's American record of 58.94 seconds. In her second event, the 200-meter freestyle, Franklin placed second behind Allison Schmitt by over two seconds with a time of 1:56.79. In her third individual event, Franklin finished second in the 100-meter freestyle behind Jessica Hardy with a time of 54.15. Her second-place finish came less than half an hour after swimming in the 200-meter backstroke semi-finals, where she finished first overall with a time of 2:07.91. In the 200-meter backstroke final, her fourth individual event, Franklin finished first with a time of 2:06.12.

Olympics.

On the first day of the swimming competition at the 2012 Olympics in London, Franklin won a bronze medal in the 4×100-meter freestyle relay with Jessica Hardy, Lia Neal, and Allison Schmitt, with the U.S. team finishing behind Australia and the Netherlands. Swimming the lead-off leg, Franklin had a personal best of 53.52 seconds and the team finished with a total time of 3:34.24, an American record. Franklin's first leg in the relay was also the fastest lead-off of the field. In her first individual event on the third day of the swimming competition, the 100-meter backstroke, Franklin won the gold medal with a time of 58.33 seconds, beating her own national record. Her win in the backstroke came less than fifteen minutes after completing the 200-meter freestyle semi-finals, where she qualified for the final. The following day, Franklin competed in the 200-meter freestyle and placed fourth in the final with a time of 1:55.82, one one-hundredth of a second behind third-place finisher Bronte Barratt. A day after the 200-meter freestyle, Franklin won her third medal of the meet, a gold, in the 4×200-meter freestyle relay with Dana Vollmer, Shannon Vreeland and Allison Schmitt. Swimming the lead-off leg, Franklin posted a time of 1:55.96 and the U.S. team finished with a time of 7:42.92, a new American record. A day after completing the relay, Franklin competed in her third individual event, 100-meter freestyle. In the final, Franklin placed fifth with a time of 53.64 seconds. Franklin was able to bounce back from that performance, and in her fourth and last individual event held the following day, the 200-meter backstroke, Franklin won her second individual gold of the Olympics with a world record time of 2:04.06, bettering Kirsty Coventry's record of 2:04.81. In winning the 200-meter backstroke, Franklin also became the first American female to win the event at the Olympics since Melissa Belote did in 1972, forty years earlier. In her final event, the 4×100-meter medley relay, Franklin won gold with Rebecca Soni, Dana Vollmer and Allison Schmitt. Swimming the backstroke leg, Franklin recorded a time of 58.50 seconds, and the U.S. team went on to set the world record with a time of 3:52.05, besting the Chinese-owned record of 3:52.19 set in 2009.  At the end of the year, Franklin was named the World Swimmer of the Year and American Swimmer of the Year by "Swimming World Magazine". She was also named the best female swimmer for 2012 by "FINA Aquatics World Magazine".

2013 World Championships.

(CR)  At the 2013 US National Championships, Franklin qualified to swim in five individual events at the 2013 World Aquatics Championships. At the National Championships, she finished first in the 100- and 200-meter freestyle and backstroke, and second in the 50-meter backstroke. At the 2013 World Aquatics Championships in Barcelona, Franklin swam seven total events – four individual and three relays, though she later withdrew from the 50-meter backstroke after the heats. At the meet, Franklin won six gold medals, setting a new record for the most golds won by a female swimmer at a single edition of the World Championships. Despite being the first woman in history to win six gold medals at a single World Championships, she lost out the award of Swimmer of the Meet to teammate Katie Ledecky for her two world record-breaking performances and four gold medals.  On the first day of the pool competition and her first event the 4×100-meter freestyle relay, Franklin lead-off the relay with a time of 53.51. She was over a second behind Australia's lead-off Cate Campbell, but teammates Natalie Coughlin and Shannon Vreeland made up some ground and anchor Megan Romano overtook the Australian team in the last 20 meters to give the Americans the gold medal. The final time of 3:32.31 was an American record, breaking the previous record of 3:34.24. In her first individual event held on the third day of the pool competition, the 100-meter backstroke, Franklin won gold in a time of 58.42, six-tenths of a second ahead of Emily Seebohm of Australia. On the fourth day, Franklin decided to scratch the 50-meter backstroke since it was right before the 200-meter freestyle. In the 200-meter freestyle, Franklin won her third gold in a personal best time of 1:54.81, touching 0.33 seconds ahead of second-place finisher Federica Pellegrini. On the fifth day, Franklin won gold in the 4×200-meter freestyle relay along with teammates Katie Ledecky, Shannon Vreeland, and Karlee Bispo. Swimming the anchor leg and diving in with a deficit of over a second, Franklin was able to track down Australian Alicia Coutts, recording a split of 1:54.27 and the team finishing with a time of 7:45.14. On the sixth day, Franklin competed in the 100-meter freestyle and placed fourth in the final with a time of 53.47, just missing the medal podium. A day after her 100-meter freestyle swim, Franklin successfully defended her title in the 200-meter backstroke, winning with a time of 2:04.76 and setting a new championship record. In her last event, the 4×100-meter medley relay, Franklin combined with Jessica Hardy, Dana Vollmer, and Megan Romano to win gold in a time of 3:53.23. Swimming the backstroke leg, Franklin recorded a time of 58.39.

2014.

2014 U.S. National Championships.

At the 2014 U.S. National Championships, Franklin won the 100-meter backstroke with the third fastest American time ever, leading a sweep of the event by Cal Berkeley swimmers. She also won the 200-meter backstroke and the 100-meter freestyle, and finished second in the 200-meter freestyle behind Katie Ledecky.

2014 Pan-Pacific Championships.

Despite being hampered by a back injury, Franklin swam in four individual events and three team relays at the 2014 Pan Pacific Swimming Championships. In total, she won one gold, two silvers, and one bronze medal.  Franklin won her only individual medal in the 100-meter backstroke by finishing third with a time of 1:00.30. In the 100-meter freestyle and the 200-meter backstroke, she placed fourth. In the 200-meter freestyle, Franklin failed to qualify for the A final, but won the B final with the second-fastest time among all finalists, securing her place on the U.S. team for the 2015 World Championships in this event.  Franklin teamed with Shannon Vreeland, Leah Smith, and Katie Ledecky to win the 4×200-meter freestyle relay. Swimming with Simone Manuel, Abbey Weitzeil, and Vreeland, Franklin placed second in the 4×100-meter freestyle relay, and with teammates Jessica Hardy, Kendyl Stewart, and Manuel, she finished second in the 4×100-meter medley relay.

2015 World Championships.

(WR)  At the 2015 World Aquatics Championships in Kazan, Russia, Franklin competed in the 100- and 200-meter backstroke, the 100- and 200-meter freestyle, and four relay events. She won a bronze medal as a member of the U.S. team in the 4×100-meter freestyle relay, and another bronze in the 200-meter freestyle. She finished fifth in the final of the 100-meter backstroke. Franklin won her first gold medal of the 2015 championships as a member of the first-place U.S. team in the women's 4×200-meter freestyle relay. She also won a silver in the 200-meter backstroke event and gold in the mixed 4×100-meter freestyle relay.

2015 FINA World Cup.

On August 15 and 16, Franklin swam in the second stop of the 2015 FINA World Cup. She competed in four events: 100- and 200-meter backstroke; 100- and 200-meter freestyle. In the first day of the races she qualified for the final in the 200-meter backstroke and 200-meter freestyle events where she won bronze and silver, respectively. During the next day of the event, Franklin won silver in 100-meter freestyle and bronze in 100-meter backstroke.

2016 Rio Summer Olympics.

Trials.

In 2016, Franklin placed second in the 200 m freestyle, 200 m backstroke, and also qualified for the 4 × 200 m freestyle team at the US Olympic Swimming Trials.

Olympics.

At the 2016 Summer Olympics Franklin tied for 13th place in the 200m freestyle semifinals, with a time of 1:57.56, and did not make the cut for the finals. She placed 7th in the 200 meter backstroke for her heat in the semifinals and did not make the finals. Also at the 2016 Summer Olympics, Franklin won a gold medal in the 4 × 200 m freestyle relay for swimming in the heats.

Retirement.

Franklin announced her retirement from the sport of swimming on December 19, 2018.

Personal life.

Franklin says her favorite athlete is Natalie Coughlin.  Franklin got engaged to Hayes Johnson, who swam at the University of Texas, on September 22, 2018. The couple married on September 14, 2019.

In popular culture.

Franklin appeared in a March 2013 episode of "Pretty Little Liars" as herself. She is the subject of the 2014 documentary "Touch the Wall" along with Kara Lynn Joyce. The film is directed by Christo Brock and Grant Barbeito, and documents Franklin's and Joyce's journey to the 2012 London Olympics. The film was noted for its celebration of female physical and emotional strength. Franklin had a cameo in the big-budget comedy "The Internship", starring Vince Vaughn and Owen Wilson.

Melissa Jeanette Franklin Johnson (born May 10, 1995) is an American former competition swimmer and five-time Olympic gold medalist. She formerly held the world record in the 200-meter backstroke (long course). As a member of the U.S. national swim team, she also held the world records in the 4×100-meter medley relay (short course and long course).

蜜茜·富兰克林(英语:Missy Franklin,1995年-5月10日),生于美国加州,外号“女版菲尔普斯”,美国女子游泳巨星。


Biography.

Early career.

Fukuhara was initially signed to the independent, local Sapporo-based Yumechika Records label and released her debut single and mini-album, titled "The Roots" and "Step Out" respectively. She performed in-store live performances to promote her records during 2006, which prompted Sony Music Japan to pick her up as a performing artist. Her first major-released appearance was on a Celine Dion tribute album singing "Because You Loved Me".  She released her first single in early 2008 to varied success. Penning her own lyrics and co-producing the song, "Change" was a hit in terms of radio airplay, reaching as high as the top 3, but only managing the 14th position in terms of sales. The single came in only one format, which is unusual for Japanese maxi singles. She released her second single, "Himawari", which narrowly made the top 25 in the sales category but failed to impact top 10 in terms of airplay. It was not until her third single, Yasashii Aka, that she had real major success. It was, first and foremost, her first single to be released in multiple formats. Although it was neither as strong on airplay or as a seller as "Change" was, it sold well digitally, and become her first single to become certified by the RIAJ. It was the number 17 song of December 2008 and quickly become certified gold. Her follow-up song, "Love (Winter Song)" would match the success of "Yasashii Aka" similarly and ultimately surpass it, also going gold and becoming the number 10 song of January 2009.  She released the album "Rainbow", which was mainly penned and co-produced by Fukuhara herself, in January 2009, with "Yuki no Hikari" as the digital/radio single helping to promote the album. "Yuki no Hikari" peaked at #50 on the Japan Hot 100, becoming her lowest charting single. With strong label backing, however, the album peaked at #2 and was beat only by the successful 7th album by legendary pop-star Kumi Koda. "Rainbow" went on to sell nearly 100,000 copies and become certified gold by the Recording Industry Association of Japan. Fukuhara later embarked on the successful "Rainbow Tour 2009", which spanned six shows in multiple cities. She performed a mix of covers, original songs from "Rainbow", and b-sides. Following her album, she released her next single "Hanabi Sky" in June 2009. It was another major airplay hit, peaking at number 3. Overall, the single peaked at number 5, but only received number 26 for sales. She quickly announced her next single, "Let It Out", second ending theme to popular anime "" in early July. "Let It Out" is both Fukuhara's first major anime tie-in and her first single to be released in 3 separate formats, and was released on September 9, 2009. While it was a much bigger hit than "Hanabi Sky", it still fared relatively poorly in terms of both physical and digital sales in comparison to her previous singles "Love (Winter Song)", "Change" and "Yasashii Aka". Leading up to the release of her second studio album "Music Is My Life" (2010), Fukuhara released the singles "Nande Nakitaku Nacchau n Darō" (2009), "Mirai" (2010) and "Moshikashite" (2010).  In 2010, Fukuhara began releasing conceptual extended plays. The first, "Regrets of Love", featured ballads, while the second two in 2011, "The Soul Extreme EP" and "The Soul Extreme EP II", featured soul and R&B music. The leading track of "The Soul Extreme EP", "O2", featured R&B singer Ai, and became a commercial success, with her record label tracking 300,000 legal downloads of the song.  In 2012, Fukuhara debuted as an actress on the musical comedy "Kaeru no Ojōsama" as Minami Haneda, a member of a singing group called Chansons. As a member of the cast, Fukuhara performed music throughout the series. Fukuhara's third album "The Best of Soul Extreme" was released in June 2012, led by the single "Dream On" featuring Daichi Miura. The album featured a second duet with Ai, as well as a song performed with Leona Lewis.

Parting with Sony.

In early 2013, it was announced that Fukuhara signed on to be the newest frontwoman of the worldwide pop music project Sweetbox along with male singer/rapper LogiQ Pryce. The two recorded their first album "Z21" in the first part of 2013 and released their first single "#Z21 (#Zeitgeist21)" in June 2013, shortly after Miho released her singles "Rising Heart", a song used in a campaign for Coca-Cola, and "Beyond", a song used for the anime "Space Brothers".  In 2014, Fukuhara parted ways with Sony Music Japan, and became an independent musician. In a music industry wide poll taken from the popular TV program "Downtown no Sui Yobi", Fukuhara was chosen as one of the top 10 voices in Japan.. In 2015, Fukuhara set up her own record label Happy Field Records, and released an extended play entitled "Something New" on December 23.

Artistry.

Fukuhara's voice was classified as spinto lirico soprano that verges to lyric soprano with three octave vocal range (from a low C3 up to soprano high D6).

In early 2013, Fukuhara signed on to be the frontwoman of the worldwide music project Sweetbox, along with rapper/singer LogiQ Pryce. In 2015, she set up her own record label Happy Field Records.

福原 美穗(1987年6月19日 - )为日本创作型歌手。身高165cm、血型O型。


Early life.

Gevinson was born in Chicago, Illinois, and was raised in the suburban town of Oak Park, Illinois. Her father, Steve Gevinson, is a retired English high school teacher. Her mother, Berit Engen, is a weaver and part-time Hebrew instructor who grew up in Oslo, Norway. Gevinson's father was born to an Orthodox Jewish family, while her mother, who was raised a Lutheran, converted to Judaism in 2001. Gevinson and her two older sisters, Rivkah and Miriam, were raised in the Jewish faith; she had a Bat Mitzvah ceremony. Gevinson was educated at Oak Park and River Forest High School in Illinois.

Career.

2008–2011: Style Rookie.

Gevinson started a fashion blog, Style Rookie, in 2008. The blog, featuring photos of the 11-year-old in distinctive outfits and her commentary on the latest fashion trends, began drawing nearly 30,000 readers each day. Her father "wasn't terribly interested" in her new hobby until she asked for his permission to be interviewed by "The New York Times" for an article about young bloggers.  Because of the blog's success, Gevinson was invited to attend New York Fashion Week and Paris Fashion Week. She made overseas fashion-related trips to Tokyo and Antwerp, funded by "Pop" magazine, and was commissioned to write articles for "Harper's Bazaar" and Barneys.com. She styled a shoot for "BlackBook" magazine, acted as a muse and model for Rodarte's clothing line at Target stores, and partnered with Borders&Frontiers to design and sell her own T-shirt. In 2010, she spoke at a marketing conference in New York and at Idea City, a Canadian version of the TED conference.  There was a backlash to Gevinson's early success in the fashion industry. "New York" magazine questioned whether it was possible for Gevinson to write her blog without "some help from a mom or older sister". Sarah Mower of "The Daily Telegraph", while conceding that Gevinson had a "truly independent, original voice", criticized her father for taking her out of school "to go to haute couture shows... It's hard to imagine a kid being able to come back down to reality." A "Grazia" fashion editor complained on Twitter that a large bow worn by Gevinson had blocked her view of a runway during fashion week. Anne Slowey of "Elle" felt her success was "gimmicky" and commented, "She's been thirteen for, like, the last four years." Gevinson later remarked: "A lot of people on the Internet have a problem with a young person doing well. I felt like, there were people who were [at fashion week] because of their name, their money or their family, and I didn't have any of those things."

2011–present: Rookie, acting roles, etc..

In early 2011, Gevinson decided to stop writing primarily about fashion: "Lately I've been looking to other places for a creative outlet and for inspiration... Now I'm more intrigued by mixing fashion with the other stuff I've been enjoying." Gevinson's personal style also became less outlandish: "Before, dressing up was my outlet, and now I'm pursuing other creative things that take up a lot of time and energy, so in the morning I usually want to put on something simple and comfortable."  In the fall of 2011, at the age of 15, Gevinson founded Rookie magazine. The site was originally conceived of as a joint venture with Jane Pratt, but Gevinson ultimately decided to maintain sole ownership. Ira Glass acts as a mentor figure to Gevinson. The website focused on issues impacting teenage girls and was written mainly by teenage girls. It also featured guest contributors. A one-off print edition of the magazine, "Rookie Yearbook One", was published by Drawn and Quarterly in 2012. In 2012, Gevinson spoke at TEDxTeen, with a focus on representation of women in popular culture, and at "The Economist"'s World in 2012 Festival. She is also a contributing editor at "Garage" magazine. In November 2018, Gevinson announced that she would be shutting down Rookie due to the site no longer being financially sustainable.  Gevinson first acted in a short film, "First Bass", in 2008, but became more visible in 2012. That year, she voiced a character in the animated short film "Cadavar", which was long-listed for an Academy Award. "Cadavar" was directed by "First Bass"'s Jonah Ansell and co-starred Kathy Bates and Christopher Lloyd. In the film, she sang renditions of both Neil Young and Pet Shop Boys songs. Also in 2012, Gevinson filmed a role in "Enough Said" from director Nicole Holofcener. Gevinson is interviewed on screen in the 2013 documentary film "The Punk Singer", talking about riot grrrl punk icon Kathleen Hanna. In 2014 and 2015, she starred in "This Is Our Youth" in Chicago and at the Cort Theatre on Broadway. In 2015, she made a guest appearance as Feather McCarthy on "Beware of Young Girls", the seventh episode of the American comedy horror television series "Scream Queens." She played Mary Warren in Ivo van Hove's 2016 production of "The Crucible" at the Walter Kerr Theatre. Late that year, she played Anya in "The Cherry Orchard" at the American Airlines Theatre.  On the MSNBC chat show "So Popular!", host Janet Mock dubbed her the "Queen of the Millennials". She then made a guest appearance on "The Nightly Show with Larry Wilmore" on a panel critiquing Sean Penn's "Rolling Stone" interview with El Chapo.  In 2016, Gevinson recorded a duet with Hunx and His Punx frontman Seth Bogart, singing on "Barely 21" from Bogart's self-titled debut solo album.

Politics.

During the 2012 U.S. presidential campaign, Gevinson supported the Democratic candidate Barack Obama, and appeared in a public service announcement for women's rights, mouthing the words to Lesley Gore's "You Don't Own Me". She organized a get-well-soon-card drive for Malala Yousafzai, the 14-year-old Pakistani girl whose campaigning for education rights led to her shooting in October 2012.

Tavi Gevinson (born April 21, 1996) is an American writer, magazine editor, and actress. She came to public attention at the age of 12 due to her fashion blog Style Rookie. By the age of 15, she had shifted her focus to pop culture and feminist discussion.

妲薇.盖文森 (Tavi Gevinson)是美国的一名时尚部落客、作家及演员。她的"Style Rookie"部落阁在2008年三月三十一日开始运作,当时她年仅十一岁。 而后她在世界各地陆续拥有了超过四百万名读者。


Series overview.

The 25-episode series is set behind the scenes at the fictional Atlantis Cable News (ACN) and revolves around anchor Will McAvoy, his new executive producer MacKenzie McHale, newsroom staff Jim Harper, Maggie Jordan, Sloan Sabbith, Neal Sampat, Don Keefer, and the head of ACN, Charlie Skinner.

Production.

Development.

"Entertainment Weekly" reported in April 2009 that Sorkin, while still working on the screenplay for "The Social Network", was contemplating a new TV drama about the behind-the-scenes events at a cable news program. Sorkin was the series creator of "Sports Night" and "Studio 60 on the Sunset Strip", both shows depicting the off-camera happenings of fictional television programs. Talks were reportedly ongoing between Sorkin and HBO since 2010. In January 2011, Sorkin revealed the project on BBC News.  To research the cable news world, Sorkin had been an off-camera guest at MSNBC's "Countdown with Keith Olbermann" in 2010 to observe the show's production and quizzed "Parker Spitzer"s staff when he was a guest on that show. He also spent time shadowing "Hardball with Chris Matthews" as well as other programs on Fox News and CNN. Sorkin told "TV Guide" that he intended to take a less cynical view of the media: "They're going to be trying to do well in a context where it's very difficult to do well when there are commercial concerns and political concerns and corporate concerns." Sorkin decided that rather than have his characters react to fictional news events as on his earlier series, "The Newsroom" would be set in the recent past and track real-world stories largely as they unfolded, to give a greater sense of realism.  HBO ordered a pilot in January 2011 with the working title "More as This Story Develops". "The Social Network" Scott Rudin signed on as executive producer. Rudin's only previous television work was the 1996 spin-off series "Clueless". By June, Jeff Daniels, Emily Mortimer, Sam Waterston, Olivia Munn, and Dev Patel were cast, while Greg Mottola had signed on to direct the pilot. The pilot script was later reportedly obtained by several news outlets.  On September 8, 2011, HBO ordered a full series starting with an initial 10-episode run with a premiere date set for summer 2012. A day after the second episode aired, HBO renewed the series for a second season.  Sorkin said in June 2012 that "The Newsroom" "is meant to be an idealistic, romantic, swashbuckling, sometimes comedic but very optimistic, upward-looking look at a group of people who are often looked at cynically. The same as with "The West Wing", where ordinarily in popular culture our leaders are portrayed either as Machiavellian or dumb; I wanted to do something different and show a highly competent group of people."

Series title.

While the pilot was in development, the project was tentatively titled "More as This Story Develops". On November 29, 2011, HBO filed for a trademark on "The Newsroom" with the U.S. Patent and Trademark Office. The new name immediately drew comparisons with the Ken Finkleman-created Canadian comedy series of the same name that aired on CBC and public television stations in the U.S. The series' name was confirmed as "The Newsroom" in an HBO promo released on December 21, 2011, previewing its programs for 2012.  Writing in "Maclean's", Jaime Weinman said the choice of name was "a bit of a grimly amusing reminder that the U.S. TV industry doesn't take Canada very seriously... "The Newsroom" is often considered the greatest show Canada has ever produced, but a U.S. network feels no need to fear unflattering comparisons: assuming they've heard of the show, they probably think most people in the States have not heard of it." In an interview with "The Daily Beast" following the Sorkin show's premiere, Finkleman revealed that HBO did contact him for permission to reuse the title, which he granted.

Casting.

Jeff Daniels was cast in the lead role in March 2011. Alison Pill and Olivia Munn reportedly entered negotiations to star in April 2011. The fictional executive producer role was initially offered to Marisa Tomei, but negotiations fell through. Tomei was replaced by Emily Mortimer in May 2011. Sam Waterston also joined the project in May. John Gallagher Jr., Thomas Sadoski, and Dev Patel were added to the cast in June 2011.  "New York" magazine reported that Sorkin had planned for MSNBC host Chris Matthews and Andrew Breitbart to appear in a roundtable debate scene in the pilot; however, the idea was shot down by MSNBC purportedly because the network was displeased with the corporate culture portrayal of cable news and skewering of left-leaning media in the show's script. Chris Matthews' son, Thomas, joined the cast in the role of Martin Stallworth, an associate producer for the fictional show.  Three months after the series was picked up, Jane Fonda signed on to play Leona Lansing, the CEO of the fictional network's parent company. Fonda was married to Turner Broadcasting System and CNN founder Ted Turner for 10 years. Lansing was touted by some observers as a female version of Fonda's ex-husband. The name "Leona Lansing" is taken from the names of two highly successful businesswomen, real estate developer Leona Helmsley and former Paramount Pictures CEO Sherry Lansing.  Jon Tenney guest-starred as Wade, MacKenzie's boyfriend. Natalie Morales has a guest role as Kaylee, Neal's girlfriend. Terry Crews plays Lonny, Will's bodyguard.  Rosemarie DeWitt was originally cast as Rebecca Halliday, a litigator who is tasked with defending ACN in a wrongful termination suit in the second season, but DeWitt had to vacate the role due to scheduling conflicts. The role was recast with Marcia Gay Harden. Patton Oswalt was announced to play Jonas Pfeiffer, the new V.P. of human resources at ACN, in November 2012, but he ultimately did not appear in the season.

Filming.

"The Newsroom"s set is located in Sunset Gower Studios, Hollywood, on Stage 7. The fictional Atlantis World Media building, however, is actually the Bank of America Tower on Sixth Avenue and 42nd Street in Manhattan (directly across the street from HBO's New York City offices), with CGI being used to change the name of the building above the entrance. Production began in the fall of 2011. The schedule called for each episode—comprising a dialogue-dense script of 80 to 90 pages – to be filmed in nine days, as opposed to six to seven pages per day for broadcast network TV series. The pilot episode was shot using 16 mm film while the rest of the series was shot digitally on Arri Alexa cameras.

Writing team.

With fewer than 10 credited writers, "The Newsroom" has fewer writers than most other television series. It was reported that Sorkin planned to replace most of the first season's writers in the second season. He later said this was untrue. Sorkin explained his approach to writing:  Sorkin hired conservative media consultants for the second season to help him represent "every part of the ideological spectrum," thus giving the show "a political perspective that I don't have." Sorkin also revealed that the second season would include the 2012 United States presidential election.

Episodes.

In season 1 each episode is built around a major news event from the recent past, such as the Deepwater Horizon oil spill or the killing of Osama Bin Laden. This acts as a background for the interpersonal drama, as well as providing a sense of familiarity, as the audience is likely to know the context and so not require too much explanation of events. Sorkin has said the news events on the show "will always be real", which, for him, "became a kind of creative gift. For one thing, the audience knows more than the characters do, which is kind of fun. And it gives me the chance to have the characters be smarter than we were." However, he has also said "[i]t is a romanticised, idealised newsroom, a sort of a heightened newsroom – it is not meant to be a documentary."  The second season features a story arc in which the "News Night" team has reported, and been forced to retract, a false news story about the United States Marine Corps using Sarin gas during the war in Afghanistan in 2009. This story is based on a real-life news scandal from 1998, in which CNN and "TIME" were both criticized for reporting a dubious and unreliably sourced story that the United States had used Sarin during the Operation Tailwind excursion in the Vietnam War.  The third season tackles two controversial topics in news reporting. The first is the subject of citizen journalism, and the season begins with the Boston Marathon bombing and its subsequent investigation, which was quite significantly affected by the reports of social media users. The show takes on a particularly critical tone regarding the role that citizen journalists play in the coverage of major news stories, portraying the spread of misinformation and hindrance to law enforcement that ensues. This is expanded in subsequent episodes, where the idealistic, libertarian views of ACN's new buyer clash with the journalistic integrity of the team. The other major topic is whistleblowing, explored when major character Neal Sampat is contacted by an anonymous source, who leaks details of the US government's complicity in an atrocity in an African state. This leads to a clash between Will and the FBI, resulting in Will's spending time in jail for refusing to name Neal's source and being held in contempt. The whistleblowing storyline takes place in parallel to the Edward Snowden disclosures in 2013.

Broadcast.

"The Newsroom" premiered in the United States on HBO on June 24, 2012. It was watched by 2.1 million viewers, making it one of HBO's most-watched series premieres since 2008. The first episode was made available free to all viewers on multiple platforms, including HBO.com, iTunes, YouTube, and other free on-demand services.

International.

The show aired simultaneously on HBO Canada. It premiered on Sky Atlantic in the United Kingdom and Ireland on July 10, 2012, two weeks after its U.S. debut. In Germany and Austria "The Newsroom" premiered on Sky's video-on-demand service Sky Go one day after the U.S. premiere on June 25, 2012, and Sky Anytime one day later. HBO Europe also began airing the show in all twelve countries with appropriate subtitles one day after the U.S. premiere. The show premiered in New Zealand on August 13, 2012, on SKY NZ's SoHo channel. The show debuted in Australia on the SoHo channel on August 20, 2012. In India, the show premiered on HBO Defined on May 21, 2013, season 2 premiered on July 30, 2013, with episodes airing two weeks after the U.S. premiere, and season 3 premiered on November 10, 2014, one day after the U.S. premiere. Currently, all episodes are available for streaming on Hotstar.

Reception.

Critical response.

Critical reaction to the series in its first season was mixed. The show's second and third seasons saw more positive responses from reviewers.

Season 1.

On Metacritic, the first season scored 56 out of 100, based on 31 critics, indicating "mixed or average reviews". On Rotten Tomatoes, the first season has a rating of 46%, based on 46 reviews, with an average rating of 6.4/10. The site's critical consensus reads, "Though it sports good intentions and benefits from moments of stellar dialogue and a talented cast, "The Newsroom" may feel too preachy, self satisfied, and cynical to appeal to a wide range of viewers."  Tim Goodman of "The Hollywood Reporter" writes that how viewers respond to the show "has everything to do with whether you like his style. Because... Sorkin is always true to himself and doesn't try to cover his tendencies or be embarrassed by them". Alessandra Stanley of "The New York Times" commented that "at its best... "The Newsroom" has a wit, sophistication and manic energy... But at its worst, the show chokes on its own sanctimony". "Time"s James Poniewozik criticized the show for being "smug" and "intellectually self-serving", with "Aaron Sorkin writing one argument after another for himself to win." "Los Angeles Times" critic Mary McNamara said the show's drama is "weighted too heavily toward sermonizing diatribes".  Reviews by newscasters have been mixed as well. Jake Tapper, then of ABC News, criticized Sorkin's partisanship: "they extol the Fourth Estate's democratic duty, but they believe that responsibility consists mostly of criticizing Republicans." Dave Marash was not convinced that the show portrays the news industry accurately. On August 1, 2012, Sorkin responded to critics by including news consultants with newsroom experience. Former "CBS Evening News" anchor Dan Rather gave the pilot a favorable review, saying the show "has the potential to become a classic".

Season 2.

The second season received generally favorable reviews. It has a score of 66 out of 100, based on 20 critics, from review aggregation website Metacritic. Rotten Tomatoes gives the season a rating of 69%, based on 39 reviews, with an average rating of 6.9/10. The site's critical consensus reads, "Thanks to focused storytelling and a more restrained tone, "The Newsroom" finds surer footing in its second season, even if it still occasionally succumbs to Aaron Sorkin's most indulgent whims."  In an early review of season 2, Verne Gay of "Newsday" called it: "Edgier, more sharply drawn, while that Sorkian chatter remains at a very high boil." Oscar Moralde of "Slant Magazine" noted what he referred to as the show's "grandiloquent speechifying", but praised Olivia Munn calling her "a joy to watch" and concluded that "season two of "The Newsroom" salvages the promise of becoming something urgent and vital". Brian Lowry of "Variety", in a negative review, said: "Ultimately, one needn't be a purveyor of snark to view "The Newsroom" as a disappointment—too smart to be dismissed, but so abrasive as to feel like Media Lectures for Dummies." Emily VanDerWerff of "The A.V. Club" gave Season 2 an overall "B−" grade.

Season 3.

The third and final season received positive reviews. On Metacritic, it has a score of 63 out of 100, based on 16 critics, indicating "generally favorable reviews". On Rotten Tomatoes, the season has a rating of 61%, based on 41 reviews, with an average rating of 7.5/10. The site's consensus reads, "With an energetic new arc and deeper character development, "The Newsroom" finds itself rejuvenated in its third season—even if it still occasionally serves as a soapbox for creator Aaron Sorkin."

Awards and nominations.

In 2012, "The Newsroom" was honored, along with four others, with the Critics' Choice Television Award for Most Exciting New Series. The series also received two nominations at the 70th Golden Globe Awards, for Best Television Series – Drama and Best Actor – Television Series Drama for Jeff Daniels. Daniels was also nominated for a Screen Actors Guild Award for Outstanding Performance by a Male Actor in a Drama Series and won as Outstanding Lead Actor in a Drama Series at the 65th Primetime Emmy Awards, in which the series received two other nominations, Outstanding Guest Actress in a Drama Series for Jane Fonda and Outstanding Main Title Design. For the 20th Screen Actors Guild Awards, Jeff Daniels was nominated for Best Drama Actor. For the 66th Primetime Emmy Awards, Jeff Daniels was nominated for Outstanding Lead Actor in a Drama Series and Jane Fonda was nominated for Outstanding Guest Actress in a Drama Series. For the 67th Primetime Emmy Awards, Jeff Daniels was nominated for Outstanding Lead Actor in a Drama Series.

The Newsroom is an American television political drama series created and principally written by Aaron Sorkin that premiered on HBO on June 24, 2012, and concluded on December 14, 2014, consisting of 25 episodes over three seasons, with 52 to 73 minute long episodes.

《新闻急先锋》(英语:"The Newsroom")是一部由艾伦·索金原创的美国剧情类电视剧,于2012年6月24日在HBO电视台首播。该剧讲述了一个虚构电视台“亚特兰蒂斯有线新闻台”(英语:Atlantis Cable News,简称:英语:ACN)台前幕后的故事,同时也描述了ACN主播威尔·麦卡沃伊及其制作团队面对“电视台商业需求与个人新闻操守发生冲突时” 的一系列表现。


Gameplay.

In the game, the player controls the character of Custer, depicted as a man wearing nothing but a cavalry hat, boots and a bandana, sporting a visible erection. Custer has to overcome arrow attacks to reach the other side of the screen. His goal is to rape a Native American woman tied to a pole.  In "General Retreat", it is the woman who has to overcome various obstacles to have sex with Custer. Instead of arrows, cannonballs are fired at the woman.

Controversy.

"Custer's Revenge" quickly gained notoriety upon its release. Sold in a sealed package labeled "NOT FOR SALE TO MINORS" and selling for $49.95 (), it acknowledged that children might nonetheless see the game. The game's literature stated "if the kids catch you and should ask, tell them Custer and the maiden are just dancing." The makers elected to preview the game for women's and Native American groups, an act which some thought was a publicity stunt. Women's rights groups criticized the game, stating that it was a simulation of rape; the back of the packaging states "she's not about to take it lying down, by George! Help is on the way. By God! He's coming." Other groups such as Women Against Pornography, Native American spokespersons, and critics of the video game industry in general protested about the game. Activists tried pressuring legislators to outlaw the game, which Oklahoma City, Oklahoma did. Multiple Industries pursued an $11 million lawsuit against Suffolk County, New York and legislator Philip Nolan "because of a resolution authorizing the county executive to take action to halt sales and distribution" of the game.  Nevertheless, the focused media attention caused the game to sell approximately 80,000 copies, twice as many copies as Mystique's other adult-only games, "Bachelor Party" and "Beat 'Em & Eat 'Em". Atari received numerous complaints about the game however, and responded by trying to sue the game's makers. Stuart Kesten, President of American Multiple Industries (Mystique), stated "our object is not to arouse, our object is to entertain [...] When people play our games, we want them smiling, we want them laughing." The game's designer, Joel Miller, said Custer was "seducing" the maiden and that she was a "willing participant." Ultimately, the game was withdrawn from circulation.

Legacy.

"Electronic Gaming Monthly"s Seanbaby placed it as number 9 in his "20 worst games of all time" feature.  In 2008, the University of Calgary professor Tom Keenan cited "the hideous "Custer's Revenge" game", 26 years after its release, in an op-ed piece about current video game violence issues for the "Calgary Herald". That same year, the game was credited by Australian "PC Magazine" as being one of the worst games ever made, while Games.net ranked Custer's victim as fifth on the list of top ten "disturbingly sexual" game characters. In 2010, Custer placed eighth on machinima.com's list of the top perverts in gaming. UGO.com ranked it as tenth on the list of the most racist video games in history in 2010, also ranking the game's General Custer as the second most unsexy video game character of all time in 2012.

Custer's Revenge is an unlicensed adult sex video game produced by Mystique for the Atari 2600, first released on September 23, 1982. The game gained significant notoriety due to its goal being to rape a Native American woman.

是一部由Mystique 公司为Atari 2600主机开发的成人电子游戏,是该公司在相同主机上开发的一批成人游戏中的一款。游戏的主角是历史人物乔治·阿姆斯特朗·卡斯特将军。


History.

Flipboard was originally launched exclusively for iPad in 2010. It launched the iPhone and iPod Touch versions seventeen months later in December 2011.  The company raised more than $200 million in funding from investors, including Kleiner Perkins Caufield & Byers, Index Ventures, Rizvi Traverse Management, and Insight Venture Partners, and an additional $50 million from JPMorgan Chase in July 2015. On May 5, 2012, Flipboard was released for Android phones, beginning with the Samsung Galaxy S3. On May 30, 2012 a beta version of Flipboard for Android was released through its website. A final stable release of the Flipboard for Android was released on June 22, 2012 in Google Play. The Windows 8 version of the Flipboard app was also demonstrated during the Microsoft 2013 Build Conference and on the Flipboard blog with a video, although no release date was given. On October 22, 2014, Flipboard for Windows 8 was rolled out to Windows Phone devices starting with the Nokia Lumia 2520.  In March 2014, Flipboard bought Zite, a magazine-style reading app, from the CNN television network. Flipboard's content filtering, topic engine and recommendations system were integrated from this acquisition. Zite was shut down on December 7, 2015.  In February 2015, Flipboard became available on the web. Up until then, Flipboard was a mobile app, only available on tablets and mobile phones. The web client provides webpage links on desktop browsers, and lacks some features of the client software.  In February 2017, Flipboard updated their mobile apps for iOS and Android to 4.0, which brought a full redesign to the application, and implemented new features such as smart magazines, which allow users to bundle different things together, such as various news sources, people, and hashtags.  On May 29, 2019, Flipboard disclosed a security breach that affected an unspecified number of users between June 2, 2018 and March 23, 2019, and April 21 and 22, 2019, where customer databases including information, such as encrypted passwords and access tokens for third-party services, were accessible to an unauthorized party. All passwords and authentication tokens for third-party services are being reset, although Flipboard noted that almost all passwords were hashed using the strong bcrypt algorithm (except for some using the insecure and obsolete SHA-1 algorithim, replaced by the service in 2012), and there was no evidence that the access to tokens was abused.

Reception.

The reaction to the application was mainly positive, with "Techpad" calling it a "killer" iPad application. Time Magazine named it one of the 50 best inventions of 2010. Apple reviewed Flipboard positively, and named the application Apple's "iPad App of the Year" in 2010. When a new update of the software added more features such as support for Google Reader, a web-based aggregator, and content from more publishers, the app received a favorable review from the "Houston Chronicle".

Censorship.

On May 15, 2011, Flipboard was blocked by the Great Firewall of China. McCue said on his Twitter feed"China has now officially blocked Flipboard."  The company then released its first edition localised for China. Beginning in February 2015, the company started self-censoring users using the application from China. The content guide for China does not include Twitter and Facebook anymore. Existing subscriptions for Twitter or Facebook are also automatically removed.

User interface.

The application's user interface is designed for intuitive flipping through content. Once the feeds have been set up, the first page seen when the application is opened is a list of the subscribed content. The iPhone and Android versions have a "Cover Stories" section on the first page collating only the most recent, important items from all of the subscriptions. This is meant to be read when the user only has a short period of time for reading.

Flipboard is a news aggregator and social network aggregation company based in Palo Alto, California, with offices in New York, Vancouver and Bejiing. Its software, also known as Flipboard, was first released in July 2010. It aggregates content from social media, news feeds, photo sharing sites and other websites, presents it in magazine format, and allows users to "flip" through the articles, images and videos being shared. Readers can also save stories into Flipboard magazines. As of March 2016 the company claims there have been 28 million magazines created by users on Flipboard. The service can be accessed via web browser, or by a Flipboard application for Microsoft Windows and macOS, and via mobile apps for iOS and Android. The client software is available at no charge and is localized in 21 languages.

Flipboard(中文:红板报)是一款社交及杂志形式的应用程序,支持Android、iOS、BlackBerry 10及Windows 10操作系统。应用程序需要用户拥有一个Flipboard账号,支持绑定包括Twitter、Facebook、新浪微博在内的多款社交网络平台,并根据喜好定制以电子杂志形式输出的信息和Google Reader的内容,透过“翻转”(Flip)的方式进行浏览和刷新。


Early years.

Wang Yuegu was born on 10 June 1980 in Anshan, Liaoning. In December 2004 she relocated to Singapore under the Foreign Sports Talent Scheme as this offered her more opportunities to prove herself at the international level. She subsequently became a Singapore citizen.

Career as national player.

Wang made her inaugural appearance as a Singaporean on the International Table Tennis Federation (ITTF) Pro Tour in June 2005 at the Volkswagen Korean Open in Suncheon, South Korea, where she and Sun Beibei took the silver medal in the women's doubles. Later that year, she and Sun went on to take two more silvers in doubles matches at the Chinese Taipei Open and Volkswagen (China) Open.  In 2006, Wang came third in the women's singles at the ITTF Pro Tour Chinese Taipei Open held in Taipei, bettering that effort by taking the singles silver medal at the subsequent ITTF Pro Tour Korea Open. On 24 September, Wang achieved her first gold medal on the Pro Tour at the Japan Open in Yokohama, beating China's Guo Yan who was then the number one seed and ranked third in the world. The achievement brought her into the top ten of the women's world ranking list for the first time in her career. Wang repeated her gold-winning feat against compatriot Li Jiawei on 12 November at the ITTF Pro Tour German Open in Bayreuth. In June 2007, Wang helped Singapore sweep the women's team, women's doubles and mixed doubles gold trophies at the 17th Commonwealth Table Tennis Championships in Jaipur. On 20 April 2008, top-seeded Wang beat Li again to the women's singles title at the Brazilian Open. As a singles player, she was ranked seventh in the world as of August 2008.

2008 Summer Olympics.

Wang represented Singapore for the first time at the 2008 Summer Olympics in the women's table tennis team tournament with her teammates Feng Tianwei and Li Jiawei. On 14 August the team defeated the Netherlands 3–0 to reach the semifinals, but not before a gruelling five-game doubles match against the Dutch players Li Jie and Elena Timina which Li Jiawei and Wang Yuegu eventually won 3–2. During the semifinals against South Korea's Dang Ye-Seo, Kim Kyung-Ah and Park Mi-Young on 15 August, Wang and Li beat Kim and Park in the doubles match, but Wang lost her singles match to Dang. Singapore eventually triumphed over South Korea 3–2.  On 17 August, Wang and her teammates gained Singapore a silver medal in women's table tennis after losing to China in three matches. In the doubles match, Wang and Li were bested by China's Zhang Yining and Guo Yue. This is the first time Singapore has won an Olympic medal since Singapore's independence in 1965. The medal comes 48 years after Tan Howe Liang won the country's first medal, a silver in weightlifting in the lightweight category at the 1960 Summer Olympics in Rome.  Wang and her teammates received byes into the third round of the singles tournament. However, Wang's Olympics came to an end after she was defeated 1–4 by the Dominican Republic's Wu Xue. Seeded fifth in the tournament, Wang was expected to overcome Wu, ranked 50th in the world by the ITTF, without difficulty but made numerous unforced errors. She had beaten Wu at all previous encounters. Team manager Antony Lee attributed Wang's loss to the fact that Wu had played above her usual standard, and that Wang had been unable to cope with the spin from Wu's left-handed serves.  At a victory celebration in Singapore on 25 August, Vivian Balakrishnan, the Minister for Community Development, Youth and Sports, announced that Wang, Feng and Li would be presented with the "Pingat Jasa Gemilang" (Meritorious Service Medal). This is only the third time the medal will be awarded to athletes, the two previous recipients being weightlifter Tan Howe Liang (1962) and swimmer Joscelin Yeo (2006).  In May 2009, the national table tennis women's team, composed of Wang and her teammates Feng, Li and Sun Beibei, were awarded the Team of the Year (Event) prize at the Singapore Sports Awards.

Events between 2008 and 2012.

On 22 November 2008, despite crashing out of the singles event earlier, Wang and her teammates Feng and Li won the top title and US$8,000 at the ITTF Pro Tour ERKE German Open in Berlin. In an all-Singapore singles final at the Polish Open in Warsaw on 30 November, Wang took silver against Feng who achieved her first professional singles title. She was fifth in "Today" newspaper's list of athletes of the year for 2008.  On 24 May 2009, Wang and Yang Zi beat Gao Ning and Sun Beibei to the mixed doubles gold in an all-Singaporean final at the 18th Commonwealth Table Tennis Championships in Glasgow. The next day, Wang also took the singles title from her teammate Yu Mengyu.  Wang participated in the 25th Southeast Asian Games in Vientiane, Laos. She was a member of the Singapore women's team with Feng Tianwei and Sun Beibei that beat Thailand 3–0 on 10 December 2009. On 13 December, she and her partner Yang defeated compatriots Feng and Gao in an all-Singapore final in the mixed doubles. The following day, in another all-Singapore encounter, she and her partner Feng were beaten by Sun Beibei and Yu Mengyu in the women's doubles. The following day, she picked up another silver in the singles competition after battling Feng.  Together with Feng and Sun, Wang was a member of the team at the Liebherr World Team Table Tennis Championships in Moscow that defeated China, 17-time winner and the reigning world champion, with a score of 3–1 on 30 May 2010. This was the first time that Singapore had won the event. In the game she played, Wang beat world number one Liu Shiwen. The "Southern Daily" published in Guangdong criticized Chinese sports authorities for permitting China-born players like Wang, Feng and Li to leave and play for other countries: "For the sake of developing the sport, China has been talking about 'breeding wolves'. Well, now the wolf has grown up and it has returned home to bite."  On 3 May 2010, the Singapore National Olympic Council named the national women's table tennis team of which she is a member together with Feng Tianwei, Zena Sim Kai Xin, Sun Beibei and Yu Mengyu as Team of the Year (Team Event) for 2009. Later in the year, she clinched the gold in the women's singles at the 2010 Japan Open of the ITTF Pro Tour on 4 July, beating Zhu Yuling 4–0 in less than half an hour.  At the 2010 Commonwealth Games in Delhi, Wang and her colleagues Feng and Li beat the hosts to take the women's team gold medal on 8 October. She also won the mixed doubles competition with Yang on 12 October, took silver with Feng in the women's doubles on 14 October, and clinched the bronze medal in the singles the day before. Subsequently, at the 2010 Asian Games in Guangzhou, Wang and her teammates Feng and Li achieved the silver in the women's team event on 16 November.

2012 Summer Olympics.

Wang represented Singapore at the 2012 Summer Olympics in London. In the women's singles, she was defeated 4–1 by Japan's Kasumi Ishikawa in the quarterfinals on 31 July. She also participated in the women's team competition with Feng Tianwei and Li Jiawei. They were beaten 0–3 by Japan in the semifinals, but took the bronze medal on 7 August by edging South Korea out 3–0. Feng defeated Kim Kyung Ah 11–9, 11–8, 4–11, 13–11; and Li also successfully fended off Seok Ha Jung 11–5, 11–8, 6–11, 11–8. Li and Wang then succeeded in the doubles game against Seok and Dang Ye Seo 11–9, 11–6, 6–11, 11–5. This marked the first time Singapore had won more than one medal at an Olympic Games.

Retirement.

On 29 August 2012, Wang announced to "The Straits Times" that she had submitted her resignation from competitive sports on 24 August to spend more time with her mother and her husband Gabriel Lee, a Taiwanese based in Germany. She indicated that she would like to start a family, and to study economics and management, or sport psychology. She said: "It's the right time to leave. I'm getting old, I've been injured, and I've a family now. It's time to give our youth paddlers a chance. If it's still the three of us [Feng Tianwei, Li Jiawei and herself] at Rio in 2016, it's not good for the development of Singapore sport."  In July 2016, she started divorce proceedings against Gabriel Lee within a month of giving birth to her first child, and was divorced three months later. It was reported that Lee was having an affair with a mother of four children prior to the divorce.

Wang Yuegu (, ; born 10 June 1980) is a Chinese-born Singaporean table tennis player who was ranked among the top ten players in the world. Wang made her inaugural appearance as a Singaporean table tennis player on the International Table Tennis Federation (ITTF) Pro Tour in June 2005 at the Volkswagen Korean Open in Suncheon, South Korea, where she and Sun Beibei took the silver medal in the women's doubles. On 24 September 2006, Wang achieved her first gold medal on the Pro Tour at the Japan Open in Yokohama. She repeated the feat against her compatriot Li Jiawei on 12 November at the ITTF Pro Tour German Open in Bayreuth. In June 2007, Wang helped Singapore sweep the women's team, women's doubles and mixed doubles gold trophies at the 17th Commonwealth Table Tennis Championships in Jaipur.

王越古(1980年-6月10日),新加坡女子乒乓球运动员,属于右手横板弧圈结合快攻型。


Gameplay.

"0 A.D." features the real-time strategy gameplay components of building a base, economic development, training an army, combat, and technology research. The game includes multiple units and buildings specific to each civilization as well as both land and naval units.  During the game, the player advances from 'village phase', to 'town phase', to 'city phase'. The phases represent the sizes of settlements in history, and every phase unlocks new units, buildings and technologies.  Multiplayer functionality is implemented using peer-to-peer networking, without a central server.

Development.

"0 A.D." originally began as a comprehensive total conversion mod concept for "" in June 2001. With limited design capabilities, the team soon turned to trying to create a full independent game based on their ideas.  On 10 July 2009, Wildfire Games released the source code for "0 A.D." under the GNU GPL 2 (or later) license, and made the artwork available under the CC BY-SA license.  There were about ten to fifteen people working on "0 A.D." around 23 March 2010, but since development started over 100 people have contributed to the project.  On 5 September 2013, an Indiegogo crowdfunding campaign was started with a goal. They raised a total of to be used to hire a programmer. The majority of the project's finances are managed by the Software in the Public Interest organisation.  There is no official release date set for the finished version.  The video game music label Materia Collective released a 26-track soundtrack on 8 June 2018.

Reception.

For 2010, "0 A.D." received an honorable mention for Player's Choice Upcoming Indie Game of the Year. "0 A.D." has been generally well received. It was voted as LinuxQuestions.org "Open Source Game of the Year for 2013". Between 2010 and 2019, the game was downloaded from Sourceforge.net over 1.3 million times.

0 A.D. is a real-time strategy video game under development by Wildfire Games. It is a historical war and economy game focusing on the years between 500 BCE and 1 BCE for the first part, and the years between 1 CE and 500 CE for the second part, which is planned. The game is cross-platform; playable on Windows, macOS, Linux, FreeBSD, and OpenBSD. It is composed entirely of free software, and free media, using the GNU GPLv2 (or later) license for the game engine source code, and the CC BY-SA license for the game art and music.

《0 A.D.》是跨平台的历史题材自由及开放源代码3D即时战略游戏,风格类似于世纪帝国系列游戏。游戏的题材着重于公元前500年到西元后500年的历史,支援Windows、OS X和Linux。游戏的开发精神是完全免费而且开放源始码,在GPL 2+条款下授权游戏引擎,CC-BY-SA条款下授权游戏美术内容。


History.

The Opsician theme was one of the first four themes, and has its origin in the praesental armies of the East Roman army. The term "Opsikion" derives from the Latin term "Obsequium" ("retinue"), which by the early 7th century came to refer to the units escorting the emperor on campaign. It is possible that at an early stage, the "Opsikion" was garrisoned inside Constantinople itself. In the 640s, however, following the disastrous defeats suffered during the first wave of the Muslim conquests, the remains of the field armies were withdrawn to Asia Minor and settled into large districts, called "themes" ("themata"). Thus the Opsician theme was the area where the imperial "Opsikion" was settled, which encompassed all of north-western Asia Minor (Mysia, Bithynia, parts of Galatia, Lydia and Paphlagonia) from the Dardanelles to the Halys River, with Ancyra as its capital. The exact date of the theme's establishment is unknown; the earliest reference points to a creation as early as 626, but the first confirmed occurrence is in 680. It is possible that it also initially included the area of Thrace, which seems to have been administered jointly with the "Opsikion" in the late 7th and early 8th centuries. The unique origin of the "Opsikion" was reflected in several aspects of the theme's organization. Thus the title of its commander was not "stratēgos" (στρατηγός, "general") as with the other themes, but "komēs" (κόμης, "count"), in full "komēs tou basilikou Opsikiou" (, "Count of the imperial "Opsikion""). Furthermore, it was not divided into "tourmai", but into domesticates formed from the elite corps of the old army, such as the "Optimatoi" and "Boukellarioi", both terms dating back to the recruitment of Gothic "foederati" in the 4th–6th centuries. Its prestige is further illustrated by the seals of its commanders, where it is called the "God-guarded imperial "Opsikion"" (; Latin: "a Deo conservandum imperiale Obsequium").  Being the theme closest to the imperial capital Constantinople and enjoying a position of pre-eminence among the other themes, the counts of the "Opsikion" were often tempted to revolt against the emperors. Already in 668, on the death of Emperor Constans II in Sicily, the count Mezezius staged an abortive coup. Under the "patrikios" Barasbakourios, the "Opsikion" was the main power-base of Emperor Justinian II (r. 685–695 and 705–711). Justinian II also settled many Slavs captured in Thrace there, in an attempt to boost its military strength. Most of them, however, deserted to the Arabs on the first battle. In 713, the Opsikian army rose up against Philippikos Bardanes (r. 711–713), the man who overthrew and murdered Justinian, and enthroned Anastasios II (r. 713–715), only to overthrow him too in 715 and install Theodosios III (r. 715–717) in his place. In 717, the Opsicians supported the rise of Leo III the Isaurian (r. 717–740) to the throne, but in 718, their count, the "patrikios" Isoes, rose up unsuccessfully against him. In 741–742, the "kouropalatēs" Artabasdos used the theme as a base for his brief usurpation of Emperor Constantine V (r. 741–775). In 766, another count was blinded after a failed mutiny against the same emperor. The revolts of the Opsician theme against the Isaurian emperors were not only the result of its counts' ambition: the Opsicians were staunchly iconodule, and opposed to the iconoclast policies of the Isaurian dynasty. As a result, Emperor Constantine V set out to weaken the theme's power by splitting off the new themes of the "Boukellarioi" and the "Optimatoi". At the same time, the emperor recruited a new set of elite and staunchly iconoclast guard regiments, the "tagmata".  Consequently, the reduced "Opsikion" was downgraded from a guard formation to an ordinary cavalry theme: its forces were divided into "tourmai", and its count fell to the sixth place in the hierarchy of thematic governors and was even renamed to the "ordinary" title of "stratēgos" by the end of the 9th century. In the 9th century, he is recorded as receiving an annual salary of 30 pounds of gold, and of commanding 6,000 men (down from an estimated 18,000 of the old "Opsikion"). The thematic capital was moved to Nicaea. The 10th-century emperor Constantine Porphyrogennetos, in his "De Thematibus", mentions further nine cities in the theme: Cotyaeum, Dorylaeum, Midaion, Apamea, Myrleia, Lampsacus, Parion, Cyzicus and Abydus.  In the great Revolt of Thomas the Slav in the early 820s, the "Opsikion" remained loyal to Emperor Michael II (r. 820–829). In 866, the Opsician "stratēgos", George Peganes, rose up along with the Thracesian Theme against Basil I the Macedonian (r. 867–886), then the junior co-emperor of Michael III (r. 842–867), and in c. 930, Basil Chalkocheir revolted against Emperor Romanos I Lekapenos (r. 920–944). Both revolts, however, were easily quelled, and are a far cry from the emperor-making revolts of the 8th century. The theme existed through the Komnenian period, and was united with the Aegean theme sometime in the 12th century. It apparently also survived after the Fourth Crusade into the Empire of Nicaea: George Akropolites records that in 1234, the Opsician theme fell under the "Italians" (Latin Empire).

The Opsician Theme (, "thema Opsikiou") or simply Opsikion (Greek:, from ) was a Byzantine theme (a military-civilian province) located in northwestern Asia Minor (modern Turkey). Created from the imperial retinue army, the "Opsikion" was the largest and most prestigious of the early themes, being located closest to Constantinople. Involved in several revolts in the 8th century, it was split in three after ca. 750, and lost its former pre-eminence. It survived as a middle-tier theme until after the Fourth Crusade.

奥普西金军区(,转写:thema Opsikiou),或简称为奥普西金(希腊语“”,来自于拉丁语“”)是拜占庭帝国的军区。位于小亚细亚西北部,毗邻君士坦丁堡,最早是为了驻扎帝国常备军而设立。在早期奥普西金军区是最大且最富盛名的军区,却因为反复叛乱而在8世纪中期被一分为三,从而不复往日的威风,逐渐变为中流,直到第四次十字军东征后被灭亡。


Premise.

With the sudden departure of Deputy Chief Brenda Leigh Johnson sending tremors throughout the entire Los Angeles Police Department, Captain Sharon Raydor faces difficult challenges as she assumes Johnson's former post as head of the Major Crimes Division. For one, as a former internal-affairs officer, many of her squad members do not trust her. Additionally, the controversial new rules she had instituted as head of the Force Investigation Division (FID) are reaping unintended consequences at crime scenes. Finally, the LAPD's new cost-saving policy of striking deals with violent criminals instead of extracting confessions from them is generating additional rancor among the rank and file, particularly with Major Crimes' senior officer, Lieutenant Provenza.  Raydor's foster son Rusty Beck (whom she later adopts) adds more drama to Raydor's personal life, but it bleeds into her professional life as well, since Rusty is the key eyewitness in the trial of serial killer Philip Stroh (Billy Burke). Rusty ends up attending the same Catholic school Raydor's grown children once attended.  The series stars numerous cast members continuing in their roles from "The Closer", including actors Mary McDonnell, G.W. Bailey, Tony Denison, Michael Paul Chan, Raymond Cruz, Phillip P. Keene, Robert Gossett, Jonathan Del Arco and Jon Tenney. They are joined by Graham Patrick Martin as Rusty and Kearran Giovanni as Detective Amy Sykes, the only main character not previously seen on "The Closer". (Rusty only appeared in the "Closer" finale.)

Development and production.

On December 10, 2010, TNT announced that the upcoming seventh season of "The Closer" would be the show's last. The channel said the decision to retire the show was made by Kyra Sedgwick. On January 30, 2011, it was announced the final season would add six episodes to the usual 15-episode order, the final six being the build toward a possible spin-off series. On May 18, 2011, TNT announced the spin-off, entitled "Major Crimes" and starring Mary McDonnell as Captain Sharon Raydor, had been picked up for a 10-episode season.  Following an average of over 7 million viewers for its first season, TNT renewed "Major Crimes" for a 15-episode second season on September 27, 2012, which the network increased to 19 episodes in April 2013. Season 2 premiered on June 10, 2013. The series was renewed for a third season of 15 episodes on August 15, 2013, which aired from June 9, 2014, through January 12, 2015. On July 18, 2014, TNT renewed "Major Crimes" for a 15-episode fourth season, later expanded to 23 episodes, which aired from June 8, 2015, to March 14, 2016. On December 15, 2015, TNT renewed the series for a 13-episode fifth season, On June 22, 2016, TNT ordered eight additional episodes for season five, bringing the total to 21. On January 18, 2017, the series was renewed for a 13-episode sixth season, clarified in October as the final season, which aired from October 31, 2017, to January 9, 2018.

Reception.

"Major Crimes" received a score of 65/100 and "generally favorable" reviews based on 17 critics at Metacritic.  "Newsday"s Verne Gay gave the series a B+ grade, calling it "sharply written, acted and directed", adding "producers now have to turn an (occasional) antagonist into a full-time protagonist. Let the metamorphosis begin."  Robert Lloyd of the "Los Angeles Times" called the series a "nice balance between the tragic and comic", citing Mary McDonnell's performance as "modulated and cool, but with a blue-flame intensity".  "Entertainment Weekly"s Ken Tucker thought there were "fundamental distinctions" between "The Closer"s Brenda Leigh Johnson and "Major Crimes" Sharon Raydor that "render the shows very different", adding "I've always found Raydor's serene assurance a palliative to the twitchy eccentricity of Kyra Sedgwick's Johnson."  Mike Hale of "The New York Times" thought the series "[made] the dullest character from the old show the central figure of the new one," adding ""Major Crimes" feels like a reasonably sharp black-and-white copy of "The Closer," but fans of the franchise are likely to miss the color provided by Ms. Sedgwick’s vivid performance."  The first episode, helped by the final episode of "The Closer" airing beforehand, had 9.5 million viewers, the largest viewership for a series premiere on basic cable. Its first season ratings were the highest for any new show on cable.

Broadcasts.

"Major Crimes" airs on TNT in the United States. In Canada, it was aired on Super Channel from August 22, 2012 to 2016. In Australia it airs on 9Gem. In the United Kingdom and Ireland, "Major Crimes" began airing on Universal Channel on March 18, 2013.  In late 2016, "Major Crimes" entered broadcast syndication in the United States.

Major Crimes is an American television police procedural series starring Mary McDonnell. It is a continuation spin-off of "The Closer", set in the same police division, now headed by McDonnell's character, Sharon Raydor. It premiered on TNT August 13, 2012, following "The Closer" finale.

《重案组》(英语:"Major Crimes")是由玛丽·麦克唐纳领衔主演的美国刑侦剧集。该剧是《罪案终结》的衍生剧,于2012年8月13日开始在特纳电视网上映。该剧第一季共有10集。第一季有超过700万的收视率,2012年9月27日TNT宣布续订第二季, 而第二季将在2013年6月10日播出。