Club career.

Youth.

After starting his football career with FC Thalhofen, Volland transferred to FC Memmingen's C-Youth squad, playing in the Bavarian League, the top amateur division at that time. After relegation in 2006, he moved on to TSG Thannhausen, in order to remain in the higher division. During the summer of 2007, he joined TSV 1860 München's youth academy, where he also lived on the club's grounds. During the 2009–10 season, he started 23 matches for 1860 München's U19 team, scoring seven goals. Twice that season he made the bench for the U23 squad competing in the Regionalliga Süd, although he was an unused substitute.

1860 Munich.

At the start of the 2010–11 season, 1860 coach Reiner Maurer promoted him along with other A-Youth level players Moritz Leitner, Daniel Hofstetter, and Markus Ziereis to the professional squad of TSV 1860. Volland went on to feature in 12 of 1860's first 14 matches. On 14 August 2010, he made his competitive debut for 1860 alongside Moritz Leitner, when he came off the bench in the cup match in Verl. Afterwards he played two more matches for the U-19s and three more matches for the Regionalliga squad, scoring four goals for the former and two for the latter. He played his first match for the senior team in the 2. Bundesliga on 26 September 2010, coming off the bench against FC Augsburg. By the start of the winter break, he had featured in a further six matches.  In January 2011, Volland signed a contract with Bundesliga side TSG 1899 Hoffenheim through 2015, but initially remained in Munich. The agreement ran through the summer of 2012, with Hoffenheim having the option to bring him in during the winter transfer period of 2011–12. While playing in Osnabrück on 21 January 2011, he scored his first competitive goal for 1860's 2. Bundesliga squad. Volland found himself in the starting line-up for the remaining fifteen matches of the season. He scored a further five goals in those matches and assisted on four more. After the end of the second division season, he rejoined the 1860 U19s who had qualified for the semi-final of the German U19 Championship. He started in both matches against 1. FC Kaiserslautern, although 1860 would fail to reach the final.  At the start of the next season, Volland once again featured as a regular player for 1860, playing in the team's first six matches while scoring four goals and assisting on two more. 1899 Hoffenheim elected not to take the option to bring in Volland during the winter break, allowing him more time to mature in the 2. Bundesliga. Up to the winter break, Volland was one of the most prolific 1860 players, featuring in 21 official matches, while scoring ten goals and assisting on six more. At the end of the second division season, Volland topped the 1860 scoring charts, beating out strike partner Benjamin Lauth and winger Stefan Aigner, who both finished with eleven goals each. Overall Volland scored 20 goals in 57 league matches for 1860, while contributing a further goal in three cup matches.

1899 Hoffenheim.

At the start of the 2012–13 season, Volland finally joined the Kraichgau outfit a year and a half after originally signing. On 3 November 2012, he scored his first Bundesliga goal in his tenth competitive match for Hoffenheim in a victory over Schalke 04. During his first season with the club, Volland established himself as a regular in the squad. Throughout the 2012–13 season, Volland scored six goals and provided a further 12 assists. During the 2013–14 season, Volland improved his scoring total, registering nine goals and contributing a further eight assists. As a reward for his strong start with the club, Hoffenheim extended his contract on 28 July 2013, through 2017.  On 22 August 2015, Volland equalled the record for the fastest goal in Bundesliga history with a ninth second opener in a 2–1 loss to champions Bayern Munich.

Bayer Leverkusen.

On 20 May 2016, Volland joined Bayer Leverkusen on a five-year deal for a club record transfer fee of €18 million. He scored his first goals for the club on 26 October, netting a brace in a 2–2 penalty shoot-out loss against 3. Liga side Sportfreunde Lotte in the DFB Pokal.

International career.

Youth.

On 16 October 2008, he made his debut in German colors, in the starting line-up for the German U17 squad featuring against the U17 Czech Republic team. Three days later he started for Germany against the Russian U17s. In the fall of 2009, he was recalled to the German squad for the 2009 FIFA U-17 World Cup in Nigeria. He came on in the final group match against Honduras, where he scored his first goal for the German U-17 team. He would also feature in the Round of 16 loss to eventual tournament winners, Switzerland.  By July 2009, he received his first call-up to the German U18 squad. In the Northern Ireland Milk Cup he played in all three matches for Germany, scoring against the U20 Northern Ireland selection, the U19 United States squad, and the Bulgarian U20 squad. Less than a year later, by May 2010, he had already featured in five matches for the German U19 squad, having scored two goals.  Volland was called up to the U19 squad during the summer of 2010. He made his debut for the team on 18 August 2010, in a match against Belgium. His first goal followed on 3 September against the Netherlands. By the winter break, he had featured in five matches and scored four goals. During the spring he would go on to make three more appearances, scoring one goal.  On 31 August, he played his first match for the German U20 squad, also scoring his first goal. In early August, the DFB awarded the bronze Fritz Walter Medal in the U19 age group to Volland. U21 coach Rainer Adrion selected Volland for matches against Bosnia-Herzegovina and San Marino on 6 and 10 October of the year, but he was forced to cancel his participation due to injury. Volland would eventually make his U21 debut on 29 February 2012, when he came off the bench in a match against Greece.  In June 2015, Volland captained the under-21 team at the 2015 European Championship in the Czech Republic, starting all four matches. In their opening game at the Letná Stadium in Prague, he assisted on Emre Can's 17th-minute equaliser from the edge of the penalty area in a 1–1 draw against Serbia. In their second group match at the Eden Arena in Prague against Denmark, he opened the scoring in the 32nd minute with a smart finish, following Emre Can's slide-rule pass. Volland doubled the lead three minutes into the second half thanks to a delightfully weighted free-kick from 25 metres out. Matthias Ginter rounded off the scoring to head in Amin Younes' cross just five minutes later leading to a 3–0 victory. Volland was awarded the Silver Boot as second highest goalscorer with two goals and one assist, and was also included in the Team of the tournament.

Senior.

On 8 May 2014, Volland was called up to the German national team for the first time and made his debut in a friendly goalless draw against Poland five days later. He was also included in Germany's preliminary 30-man roster for the 2014 FIFA World Cup in Brazil, however he did not make the final 23-man squad, who went on to win the World Cup Final. On 11 November 2016, Volland scored his first ever goal for Germany in a 2018 FIFA World Cup Qualification game against San Marino. Germany won 8–0.

Personal life.

Volland married long-term girlfriend Katja Fitchl in June 2017 and they celebrated the birth of their first child, a girl, in March 2018.

Kevin Volland (born 30 July 1992) is a German professional footballer who plays as a winger or sometimes a striker for Bayer Leverkusen. He gained prominence at the 2015 UEFA European Under-21 Championship where he was awarded the Silver Boot.

凯文·福兰德(Kevin Volland,1992年-7月30日)是一名德国足球运动员,现在效力于德国足球甲级联赛球队利华古逊,司职前锋。


Life.

Very little is known about his life, and that mostly from only one source, the "Alexiad" of the Byzantine princess Anna Komnene, daughter of Emperor Alexios I Komnenos (). He is also mentioned in the 13th-century "Danishmendname" as "Chavuldur Chaka" (), but it is not a very reliable source due to the semi-legendary nature of its material.  According to the "Alexiad", Tzachas was originally a raider, who was taken as a prisoner by the Byzantines during the reign of Nikephoros III Botaneiates (). Tzachas entered Byzantine service and advanced rapidly through imperial favour, receiving the title of "protonobilissimus" and rich gifts. However, when Alexios I Komnenos deposed Botaneiates in 1081, Tzachas lost his position and fled Byzantium.  From ca. 1088 on, he used his base at Smyrna to wage war against the Byzantines. Employing Christian craftsmen, he built a fleet, with which he captured Phocaea and the eastern Aegean islands of Lesbos (except for the fortress of Methymna), Samos, Chios and Rhodes. A Byzantine fleet under Niketas Kastamonites was sent against him, but Tzachas defeated it in battle. Some modern scholars have speculated that his activities during this time may have been in conjunction, and perhaps even coordination, with two contemporary Byzantine Greek rebels, Rhapsomates in Cyprus, and Karykes in Crete.  In 1090/91, the Byzantines under Constantine Dalassenos recovered Chios. Undeterred, Tzachas rebuilt his forces, and resumed his attacks, even proclaiming himself emperor ("basileus") and seeking to conclude an alliance against Alexios I with the Pechenegs in Thrace for a joint attack on Constantinople. In 1092, Dalassenos and the new "megas doux", John Doukas, were sent against Tzachas, and attacked the fortress of Mytilene on Lesbos. Tzachas resisted for three months, but finally had to negotiate a surrender of the fortress. During his return to Smyrna, Dalassenos attacked the Turkish fleet, which was almost destroyed.  According to the "Alexiad", in spring 1093, Tzachas attacked the port of Abydos in the Sea of Marmara. Alexios I called upon the Sultan of the Seljuk Sultanate of Rum Kilij Arslan I (), who was married to Tzachas's daughter Ayşe Hatun and was thus his son-in-law, to attack Tzachas from the rear. The Sultan advanced to Abydos, where, at the pretext of inviting Tzachas to a banquet, he had his father-in-law murdered. However, a "Tzachas"—possibly the original Tzachas' son—is reported as still holding Smyrna when the Byzantine army under John Doukas recaptured the city.

Tzachas (), also known as Chaka Bey () was an 11th-century Seljuk Turkish military commander who ruled an independent state based in Smyrna (present-day İzmir). Originally in Byzantine service, he rebelled and seized Smyrna, much of the Aegean coastlands of Asia Minor and the islands lying off shore in 1088–91. At the peak of his power, he even declared himself Byzantine emperor, and sought to assault Constantinople in conjunction with the Pechenegs. In 1092, a Byzantine naval expedition under John Doukas inflicted a heavy defeat on him and retook Lesbos, while in the next year he was treacherously slain by his son-in-law Kilij Arslan I. Smyrna and the rest of Tzachas' former domain were recovered by the Byzantines a few years later, in 1097.

札卡斯(英语:Tzachas;希腊语:Τζαχᾶς),也被称为查卡贝伊(土耳其语:Çaka Bey)是一名活跃于11世纪的塞尔柱乌古斯突厥人军事指挥官,他于士麦那(现今的伊兹密尔)地区成立了自己的国家。


History.

The idea of a university in Penang was first mooted by D. S. Ramanathan in 1959 in the State Assembly and later crystallised when he was nominated chairman of the Penang University Project committee. The acquisition of a piece of land in Sungai Ara was then followed by the ceremonial laying of the foundation stone by the then Prime Minister of Malaysia, Y.T.M Tunku Abdul Rahman Putra Al-Haj on 7 August 1967.  USM was established as a statutory body in 1969 as the second university in Malaysia. It was first known as Universiti Pulau Pinang. The university operated on borrowed premises at the Malayan Teachers' Training College at Gelugor. In 1971, it moved to its present 239-hectare site at Minden (formerly Minden Barracks of the British Far East Command) in Gelugor, 10 kilometres from the city of Georgetown.  There are two other USM campuses: one at Kubang Kerian in Kelantan, known as the Health campus, and the other at Seri Ampangan, Nibong Tebal in Penang, known as the Engineering campus. The former houses the School of Medical Sciences, the School of Health Sciences and the School of Dental Sciences, while the latter houses the six engineering schools.  Universiti Sains Malaysia teaches in the fields of Pure Sciences, Applied Sciences, Pharmaceutical Sciences, Building Science and Technology, Social Sciences, Humanities and Education as well as conducts research.  USM offers courses at undergraduate and postgraduate levels to more than 28,000 students. USM has won the Asian Innovation Award in which USM emerged as the only winner from this country.

Organisation.

The management of the university is carried out through the executive power of the Board of Directors, made up of members chosen from the university, representatives from government departments and those appointed by the Ministry of Higher Education. There are three Deputy Vice-Chancellors led by the Vice-Chancellor.

Ombudsman.

In August 2011 USM created a new role of Ombudsman to deal with staff issues and protect whistleblowers. The USM Ombudsman is Prof. Dato' Seri Dr. MD. Salleh Yaapar, who is a former staff of the USM and is on a rolling 2-year contract.

Chief Integrity Officer.

In July 2012, following a presentation by the Chief of Malaysian Anti-Corruption Commission, the VC of USM promises to create a new role of Chief Integrity Officer to cultivate academic integrity among students, lecturers and staff. The current Chief Integrity Officer is Khairul Anuar Che Azmi, the university's first ombudsman and is also the Legal Advisor.

Academic programmes.

Twenty four academic schools, 14 centres and 7 units have been established. Of the schools, 12 are applied science and technology-based schools: Civil Engineering, Aerospace Engineering; Chemical Engineering; Electrical and Electronic Engineering; Materials and Mineral Resources Engineering; Mechanical Engineering; Housing, Building and Planning; Industrial Technology; Medical Sciences; Dental Sciences; Health Sciences; and Pharmaceutical Sciences. The three liberal arts schools are Educational Studies, Humanities, and Social Sciences. The pure science schools are Biological Sciences, Chemical Sciences, Mathematical Sciences, Computer Sciences, and Physics, all of which offer courses that are similar to those available in other universities. There is offshore collaboration with KLE University, India offering the Doctor of Medicine(USM) undergraduate degree. This offshore five-year M.D. programme is conducted at the Jawaharlal Nehru Medical College (Belgaum), KLE University, Belgaum, India. In India, USM also has a collaboration with the James Lind Institute for conducting Translational Medicine programs.  In December 1989, the School of Management was set up, having evolved from the Management program within the School of Social Sciences. As part of its continuing expansion, the university established the School of Computer Sciences and the School of Communication as of March 1995.  In 2008, Professor Maqsudul Alam, set up the Centre for Chemical Biology (CCB) where he became its first Chief Executive Officer and Director, and sequenced the genome for rubber in Malaysia.  The centres and ancillary services include the Centre for Languages and Translation, the National Poison Centre, the Doping Control Centre, the Centre for Archaeological Research Malaysia, the Centre for Educational Technology and Multimedia, the Computer Centre, the Centre for Knowledge, Communication and Technology and the Islamic Centre. There are research centres, namely the Centre for Policy Research, the Centre for Drug Research and the Centre for Marine and Coastal Studies. The distance education program offered through the School of Distance Education was adopted by the university in 1971.  USM is one of five universities in Malaysia that have been identified as research-intensive universities, with the other being University of Malaya, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia and Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia.

Campuses.

The Main campus has the name of a German city (Minden) because the campus was built on the territory of the former British Minden Barracks, which themselves were named after the Battle of Minden.  Besides the main campus in Minden, USM has one at Kubang Kerian in Kelantan known as Health Campus and another at Seri Ampangan, Nibong Tebal in mainland Penang known as Engineering Campus.  Started as a USM hospital in 1982, the Health campus has expanded after the School of Medical Science was moved from the main campus to the present site which is 73 hectares. The School of Medical Science was moved from the main campus in June 1984. There are two other schools in the health campus — the School of Dental Science and the School of Allied Health Sciences.  The Engineering Campus was originally located at Tronoh, Perak, and named Perak Branch Campus (KCP). After operating in the state for 15 years (1986–2001), the Engineering Campus moved to the present site in Nibong Tebal, Penang.  <mapframe text="Location of the main campus in Penang" width=300 height=300 zoom=14 latitude=5.3563 longitude=100.3002> </mapframe>

Schools.

USM is the one of the Malaysian public universities to use the term school (in Malay; "Pusat Pengajian") instead of the term faculty that is used in other Malaysian public universities.

Technology-based schools.

All located at the Engineering Campus except the School of Housing, Building and Planning (main campus) and The School of Industrial Technology (main campus).

Liberal arts schools.

All located at main campus, island of Penang.

Science Schools.

Health Science Schools.

All located at Health Campus, Kelantan except The School of Pharmacy (located in main campus) and Advanced Medical and Dental Institute (located in Bertam outside Penang Island AMDI) which is more commonly referred to using its Malay acronym IPPT (Institut Perubatan dan Pergigian Termaju) Bertam.

Research.

The Science Fund funding is the main source of R&D for USM. However, to promote research, the university allocates money from its operating funds annually as incentive and for short-term research purposes. External funds, mainly in the form of research grants, awards and consultancies won by individual academic staff members, also feature prominently. There are external sources of funding as well, but these are largely ad hoc and do not, as a rule, result in the development of major research facilities. Some external research links have been established through individual and through institutional networking arrangements.

Research areas.

Research areas at USM include brain and neuroscience, environmental science, aquaculture, biomedical and pharmaceutical studies, natural language processing and computer aided translation, information technology, food technology, polymer science and technology, biotechnology, distance education, geographical information system, structure analysis, materials science, engineering, surface chemistry, and robotic vision. Penang has research facilities for collaborative search, particularly in coastal pollution, mangrove ecosystem and marine aquaculture.

Education.

Graduate studies.

USM offers three modes of study for the graduate programmes, i.e., by research, by a combination of coursework and research (mixed mode), or by coursework. In 2009, there were 9,011 students in the master's and doctoral level programmes with 24.9% of them nationals from more than 40 countries. The majority of the foreign students are from other parts of Southeast Asia as well as the Middle East.

Undergraduate studies.

Almost all undergraduate degree programs at the university require a minimum full-time residence of three years. Degrees in engineering, health sciences, pharmacy, medicine and dentistry require minimum periods of study between four and five years. Most undergraduate courses are taught in English, especially in science courses, except for humanities and social science. International students have to demonstrate a level of proficiency in the national language as part of the entrance criteria. However they will be taught as one of compulsory subjects once they enroll as a student.

Other study programmes.

USM has programmes for foreign students, and they can undertake one or two semesters. These students are considered full-time and enjoy the benefits of USM's academic and physical facilities.  The School of Distance Education was established in 1971 to provide opportunities for local working adults to obtain a tertiary qualification. These students are able to undertake undergraduate courses while they are in full-time employment. At present four undergraduate degree programmes are available through distance learning: Bachelor of Science, Bachelor of Social Science, Bachelor of Arts, and Bachelor of Management.

Collaboration with Overseas Universities.

The University and the University of Indonesia (UI) collaborates with the Singapore University of Social Sciences (SUSS) on SUSS's BA Malay Language and Literature, University of Glasgow, Institute Technology Bandung (ITB) and many more to come.

Departments.

Library of Universiti Sains Malaysia

Activities.

USM has facilities for student accommodation, sporting and recreation. The university offers housing for approximately 75% of its students. They are known as student villages or hostels ("Desasiswa" in Malay), and they are on campus. Cafeterias can be found all around the university area.  USM provides sporting facilities such as archery range, cricket, football field, badminton courts, tennis courts, hockey ground, rugby field, softball, squash courts, and basketball courts. Its ground was used for the 2008 U/19 Cricket World Cup.  Other activities include cultural activities, leadership programs, community service programs and excellence programs with the co-operation of the Student Advisory and Development Unit, the Sports Unit, the Arts and Cultural Development Unit, Hostel Management. Activities are realised through societies, clubs, sports and cultural activities, motivation workshops and debate competitions. Among others, USM has a jazz orchestra called the USM Jazz Band that is composed of student musicians from various schools in the university.  There are annual activities such as forums, workshops and programs in conjunction with the National Day celebrations such as the Ambang Merdeka Night and the Merdeka Campus Walk, and religious activities such as Qur'an Recitation and Ramadhan Appreciation Month in the holy month of Ramadhan.

Hostels.

The hostels known as student villages or ("Desasiswa" in Malay) under the property of the University of Science Malaysia are as follows:  The names of the hostels indicate a merger between formerly separate hostels. For example, "Aman Damai Fajar Harapan" was formerly four separate hostels, each having its own administration under a hostel warden ("Penggawa" in Malay) and assistant warden.

Ranking.

The university was ranked 111th in the World University Rankings 2004 published by the "Times Higher Education Supplement". However, it dropped out of the list of top 200 universities in the world in 2005. In 2019, however, the University placed 601-800th in the World University rankings. It also placed 49th in University Impact Rankings and 151 - 200th in the Young University Rankings. USM's then vice-chancellor Prof Tan Sri Dato' Dzulkifli Abdul Razak said that the addition of new criteria such as the employer survey could have contributed to the sharp drop in the university's integrity: "Our poor standing could also be attributed to the fact that we are a relatively young university compared to UM which is 100 years old. They have built up a stable reputation in that time." Prof. Dzulkifli also cited the poor staff-student ratio in Malaysian universities: "Over the past years we have doubled our intake. USM now has 35,000 students including 28,000 undergraduates but the number of lecturers, about 1,400 has not increased in tandem."  On 3 September 2008, Universiti Sains Malaysia (USM) was declared the Apex (Accelerated Programme for Excellence) University by the Ministry of Higher Education of Malaysia. In 2010, USM achieved the position of 123 under the category of Life Sciences and Biomedicine ("Times Higher Education" QS World University Rankings).  For the 2010 QS Asian University rankings, USM was at 69th place. For particular subjects, the rankings were as below: On 2015, USM was ranked 87th in Best Global Universities for Engineering of U.S. News & World Report College and University Ranking.

Movies and television.

Movies filmed on or near USM's campus include:  Television shows have used USM's campus, including:

With around 28,300 postgraduate and undergraduate students in 2009, USM is one of the largest universities in terms of enrollment in Malaysia. The number of lecturers is about 1,479, which leads to a student-lecturer ratio of around 19:1.

马来西亚理科大学(,缩写 USM),简称理大,是马来西亚一所研究型公立大学,于1969年成立。该校除了是马来西亚学生人数最多的大学,也是一所受该国政府认证的顶尖大学(APEX University)。理科大学在全球大学排名中位居111位,亚洲排名第15位,东盟国家排名第4位。


Early life, business and public career.

Dunn was born in Hong Kong to refugee parents from China. She was educated at the St. Paul's Convent School in Hong Kong, and at the College of the Holy Names and at the University of California, Berkeley. Upon her return to Hong Kong, she was hired by the Swire Group where she kept rising to the directorships of the John Swire and Sons (HK) Ltd., Swire Pacific Ltd., and Cathay Pacific Airways. In 1981, she became the first woman to sit on the director board of the Hong Kong and Shanghai Bank. From 1992 to 2008, she was the bank's deputy chairman.  Dunn also served on many public positions, including the chairmanship of the Trade Development Council from 1983 to 1991. In that capacity, she led missions abroad to promote Hong Kong textile and clothing products as well as stood firm against protectionism in her report for the Trade Policy Research Centre in 1983 on 'Protectionism and the Asian-Pacific Region'. She was also the director of the Mass Transit Railway Corporation from 1979 to 1985 and served as the chairman of the Prince Philip Dental Hospital from 1981 to 1987, during the formative years of the University of Hong Kong’s Faculty of Dentistry.

Political career.

Dunn first entered Hong Kong politics when she was made an "Unofficial Member" of the Legislative Council of Hong Kong in 1976 by Governor Murray MacLehose. In 1982, she was made an Unofficial Member of the Executive Council by Governor Edward Youde.  During the Sino-British negotiations over the transfer of Hong Kong sovereignty to China in the early 1980s, Dunn participated as a member of the delegations of Unofficial Members of the Executive and Legislative Councils, led by Senior Unofficial Member of the Executive Council Sir Sze-yuen Chung, who travelled to London and Beijing to meet with Margaret Thatcher and Deng Xiaoping. The aims of the members were to raise the concerns of the Hong Kong people and to negotiate for a better deal for Hong Kong. However, Beijing authorities rejected their suggestion that Hong Kong people had an independent role to play in the negotiations. From 1985 to 1988, Dunn was the Senior Member of the Legislative Council. In 1988, she succeeded Chung to become the Senior Member of the Executive Council.  After the signing of the 1984 Sino-British Joint Declaration, which ensured Chinese sovereignty over Hong Kong after 1997, Dunn urged the British government to grant Hong Kong residents the right of abode in Britain. She is best remembered in Hong Kong for breaking down in tears while giving testimony before a British parliamentary committee that was examining the Hong Kong question in May 1989 amidst the tumultuous Tiananmen Square protests of 1989 in China. Dunn said the British government would be "morally indefensible" for surrendering "British citizens to a regime that did not hesitate to use its tanks and forces on its own people". Britain refused to change its restrictive nationality policy, but eventually allowed about 50,000 Hong Kong families to become British citizens through the British Nationality Selection Scheme in 1990 in the aftermath of the Tiananmen massacre. That year, Dunn was appointed to the House of Lords in 1989.  In May 1989, Dunn and several other Unofficial Members of the Executive and Legislative Councils presented the Basic Law Drafting Committee with a proposal for an "OMELCO Consensus" model for the post-1997 process of electing the Chief Executive, providing a moderate alternative to those put forth by the pro-democracy camp and the conservative hardliners from the business and professional community. However, following Beijing's disapproval of the "OMELCO Consensus", Dunn softened her tone. In a House of Lords debate in 1992, Dunn described having more directly elected seats as "unwise" and talked of it as "reviving uncertainty, tension and discord in our community." She also said that "for the British Government to put a request to the Chinese Government, asking for democracy -- that, too, will be improper."  Following Chris Patten's arrival in Hong Kong as the colony's last governor in 1992, Dunn supported his proposal of separating the Executive Council from the Legislative Council so as to allow for more checks and balances. After a reshuffling of the Executive Council, Dunn became its sole remaining member. Subsequently, she became more outwardly discreet during the Patten governorship. It was widely speculated that she had lost her political influence due to her disagreement with the governor over his more confrontational approach in dealing with the Chinese as compared to her consensual approach. In 1995, Dunn announced that she was retiring from Hong Kong politics, fueling speculation in the media over whether she still believed in the territory's future after 1997.  While former British-appointed politicians found new favour with Beijing authorities in the run-up to 1997, Dunn bucked the trend by reinforcing her ties to Britain, retaining her seat in the House of Lords and maintaining high-profile positions in British companies, including HSBC Holdings. In 1996, she relocated to Britain with her British husband Michael Thomas, the former Attorney General of Hong Kong.  Dunn rarely sat or spoke in the House of Lords during her years as a peer. After the passage of the Constitutional Reform and Governance Act 2010, she resigned from the British upper house in 2010 to preserve her "Non-Dom" status.

Personal life.

Dunn is married to Michael David Thomas, former Attorney General of Hong Kong in 1988. She has four stepchildren from Thomas's previous marriage. She has reportedly been living in London since 1996. In 2010, Dunn auctioned 160 items from her private art collection at Christie's, with lots reportedly valued at up to GBP30,000 (HK$354,000) each.

Honours.

For her services to Hong Kong, Dunn was made an OBE (Officer of the Order of the British Empire) in 1978, and then a CBE (Commander) in 1983. In 1989, she was appointed DBE (Dame Commander), reportedly the first from Hong Kong to have such an honour. One year later, she became the first ethnic Chinese and the first woman from Hong Kong to be elevated to the British peerage in the Queen Elizabeth II’s 1990 Birthday Honours. She was introduced to the House of Lords as Baroness Dunn, "of Hong Kong Island in Hong Kong and of Knightsbridge in the Royal Borough of Kensington and Chelsea" on 24 August 1990. Dunn was also awarded the Prime Minister of Japan's Trade Award in 1987 and the United States' Secretary of Commerce award in 1988.  In 1991, she was conferred an honorary degree of Doctor of Laws by the University of Hong Kong. She also received Doctor of Science honoris causa by the University of Buckingham in 1995.

Lydia Selina Dunn, Baroness Dunn,, JP (; born 29 February 1940) is a Hong Kong-born retired British businesswoman and politician. She became the first ethnic Chinese and the first woman from Hong Kong to be elevated to the peerage as a life peeress with the title and style of Baroness in 1990.

邓莲如女男爵,DBE,JP(英语:Lydia Selina Dunn, Baroness Dunn,1940年-2月29日),香港殖民地时期及英国政治家,曾自1970年代末至1990年代初活跃于香港政坛,先后任行政及立法两局首席非官守议员,在港府内有举足轻重的影响力。在任内,邓莲如十分关注香港前途及代议政制发展等重大问题,她除了访问过中华人民共和国领导人邓小平以外,亦多次前往英国讨论香港前途问题,后来她大力争取英国赋予香港人居英权,甚至曾因此而泣不成声。


W3C地理位置应用程序接口

Deployment in web browsers.

Web pages can use the Geolocation API directly if the web browser implements it. Historically, some browsers could gain support via the Google Gears plugin, but this was discontinued in 2010 and the server-side API it depended on stopped responding in 2012.  The Geolocation API is ideally suited to web applications for mobile devices such as personal digital assistants (PDA) and smartphones. On desktop computers, the W3C Geolocation API works in Firefox since version 3.5, Google Chrome, Opera 10.6, Internet Explorer 9.0, and Safari 5. On mobile devices, it works on Android (firmware 2.0+), iOS, Windows Phone and Maemo. The W3C Geolocation API is also supported by Opera Mobile 10.1 – available for Android and Symbian devices (S60 generations 3 & 5) since 24 November 2010.  Google Gears provided geolocation support for older and non-compliant browsers, including Internet Explorer 7.0+ as a Gears plugin, and Google Chrome which implemented Gears natively. It also supported geolocation on mobile devices as a plugin for the Android browser (pre version 2.0) and Opera Mobile for Windows Mobile. However, the Google Gears Geolocation API is incompatible with the W3C Geolocation API and is no longer supported.

Features.

The result of W3C Geolocation API will usually give 4 location properties, including latitude and longitude (coordinates), altitude (height), and [accuracy of the position gathered], which all depend on the location sources. In some queries, altitude may yield or return no value.

Location sources.

The Geolocation API does not provide the location information. The location information is obtained by a device (such as a smartphone, PC or modem), which is then served by the API to be brought in browser. Usually geolocation will try to determine a device's position using one of these several methods.

Implementation.

Though the implementation is not specified, W3C Geolocation API is built on extant technologies, and is heavily influenced by Google Gears Geolocation API. Example: Firefox's Geolocation implementation uses Google's network location provider.  Google Gears Geolocation works by sending a set of parameters that could give a hint as to where the user's physical location is to a network location provider server, which is by default the one provided by Google (code.l.google.com). Some of the parameters are lists of sensed mobile cell towers and Wi-Fi networks, all with sensed signal strengths. These parameters are encapsulated into a JavaScript Object Notation (JSON) message and sent to the network location provider via HTTP POST. Based on these parameters, the network location provider can calculate the location. Common uses for this location information include enforcing access controls, localizing and customizing content, analyzing traffic, contextual advertising and preventing identity theft.

Example code.

Simple JavaScript code that checks if the browser has the Geolocation API implemented and then uses it to get the current position of the device. this code creates a function which can be called on HTML using codice_1:  const geoFindMe = () => {  const success = (position) => {  const error = (error) => {  const geoOptions = {

The W3C Geolocation API is an effort by the World Wide Web Consortium (W3C) to standardize an interface to retrieve the geographical location information for a client-side device. It defines a set of objects, ECMAScript standard compliant, that executing in the client application give the client's device location through the consulting of Location Information Servers, which are transparent for the application programming interface (API). The most common sources of location information are IP address, Wi-Fi and Bluetooth MAC address, radio-frequency identification (RFID), Wi-Fi connection location, or device Global Positioning System (GPS) and GSM/CDMA cell IDs. The location is returned with a given accuracy depending on the best location information source available.

W3C地理位置应用程序接口(W3C Geolocation API)是一项由万维网联盟提出的标准,旨在标准化接收客户端侧设备的地理位置信息的接口。此标准定义了一系列兼容ECMAScript标准的对象,这些对象执行于客户端应用程序中并通过查询对应用程序接口(API)透明的位置信息服务器获得设备位置。最常见的位置信息来源为IP地址、Wi-Fi、蓝牙、MAC地址、射频识别(RFID)、Wi-Fi接入位置、设备全球定位系统(GPS)及GSM/CDMA小区识别码。随后服务器根据可用的最佳位置信息返回特定精度的地理位置。


Club career.

Real Madrid.

A product of Real Madrid youth ranks, Callejón was born in Motril, Granada, Andalusia. He made his professional debut for the reserves in May 2007, and played five games in that season's Segunda División without scoring a goal.  In the 2007–08 campaign, Callejón appeared in 37 matches and netted 21 times, finishing as team top scorer but in Segunda División B.

Espanyol.

At the end of the season, Callejón left Real Madrid (with twin brother Juanmi) and signed a four-year contract with RCD Espanyol. He made his La Liga debut on 20 September 2008, as a late substitute in a 1–1 home draw against Getafe CF.  On 15 March 2009, as Espanyol struggled immensely in the league – eventually ranking in tenth position – Callejón scored his first goal for the Catalans in a 3–3 home draw against RCD Mallorca. He continued to be an undisputed starter under Mauricio Pochettino in the following campaigns, operating mainly as a winger.  On 15 January 2011, Callejón scored twice to help to a 2–1 away defeat of Sevilla FC. He only missed one league game and netted six times for the "Pericos", who finished comfortably in mid-table.

Return to Real Madrid.

On 23 May 2011, Callejón re-joined Real Madrid on a five-year deal effective as of 1 July, for a reported fee of €5.5 million. On 16 July, he played his first match for them in a 4–1 friendly win over the Los Angeles Galaxy, scoring the first goal of the game in the 30th minute.  On 2 October 2011, Callejón netted his first official goal for Real Madrid after coming on midway through the second half of an away fixture against former club Espanyol; he scored from a Cristiano Ronaldo assist in an eventual 4–0 win but did not celebrate the goal, instead raising his arms in the air in a mark of respect for his former employer.  Profiting from the fact that his team had already qualified from the UEFA Champions League group stage as leaders, Callejón was handed a rare start by manager José Mourinho on 22 November 2011, and responded by scoring a brace in a 6–2 home triumph against NK Dinamo Zagreb. He added another two in the last round, at AFC Ajax (3–0).  As a starter, Callejón continued with his impressive scoring form: he scored once in a 6–2 away win over Sevilla on 17 December 2011, and in the tie against SD Ponferradina for the season's Copa del Rey he netted three of his team's seven aggregate goals, scoring one away and two at home.  On 14 January 2012, Callejón scored the winner in a 2–1 success at Mallorca, helping the visitors come from behind with his 84th-minute long-range strike. In the following matchday he added another, closing the score in a 4–1 home win over Athletic Bilbao.

Napoli.

On 9 July 2013, Italian club S.S.C. Napoli announced that they had reached an agreement for the transfer of Callejón for €10 million. The four-year deal was confirmed two days later.  Callejón scored in his Serie A debut on 25 August, netting the opener in a 3–0 home win over Bologna F.C. 1909, and went on to find the net a further seven times in his first 20 official appearances. On 22 October, he scored his first goal in Europe for his new team, grabbing his team's first in a 2–1 triumph at Olympique de Marseille in the Champions League group stage.  On 3 May 2014, Callejón set up Dries Mertens for the third goal in a 3–1 success over ACF Fiorentina in the final of the campaign's Coppa Italia. He scored once in the final game of the season, a 5–1 home win against Hellas Verona F.C. on 18 May; his strike after five minutes was Napoli's 100th goal in all competitions that season, and his 20th overall.  Callejón netted his first goal of 2014–15 on the opening day of the Serie A campaign, the opener in a 2–1 win over Genoa CFC. His second came on 24 September, as he scored at the stroke of half-time to put Napoli up 3–2 against U.S. Città di Palermo in an eventual 3–3 home draw. On 19 October, he scored twice in a 2–2 draw at Internazionale, with all four of the game's goals coming in the match's last 11 minutes.  In the Derby del Sole match against A.S. Roma on 2 November, Callejón hit the post and had a shot saved off the line before eventually finding the net late on in Napoli's 2–0 victory. The strike took his league goal tally to eight on the season, two more than his closest competitors, and he was included in the Serie A Team of the Week lineup.  On 17 September 2015, Callejón scored twice in Napoli's first game of the UEFA Europa League group stage, a 5–0 home routing of Club Brugge KV. For the same competition, away to FC Midtjylland on 22 October, he volleyed a long pass from Kalidou Koulibaly to open a 4–1 victory; UEFA dubbed the latter effort an "early contender for goal of the group stage".  On 9 April 2017, Callejón marked his 200th appearance for the "Azzurri" with his 57th goal, in a 3–0 league win over S.S. Lazio. His 300th came on 28 April 2019, in the 2–0 away victory over Frosinone Calcio.

International career.

Callejón made his debut for the Spanish under-21 team on 25 March 2008 against Kazakhstan in a 2009 UEFA European Under-21 Championship qualifier; he entered the field in the 46th minute after replacing Bojan Krkić, and scored shortly after in a 5–0 win.  On 7 November 2014, Callejón was called up to the full side for the first time, being picked by Vicente del Bosque for matches against Belarus and Germany. He made his debut on the 15th against the former, coming on for Santi Cazorla in the 69th minute of the 3–0 triumph in Huelva for the UEFA Euro 2016 qualifying phase.

Style of play.

A versatile, tenacious and hard-working right-footed player, Callejón is capable of playing anywhere along the front line, and has been used as a forward, as a winger on either flank, in the centre as an attacking midfielder and as a supporting striker. Although he usually occupies a position in or behind the main attacking line, due to his personality and ability to provide balance to his teams by linking-up play between the forwards and midfielders, he is also capable of playing in the centre as a main striker, and was also occasionally deployed in deeper roles under Mourinho during his time at Real Madrid, as a central midfielder or even as an attacking full-back or wingback.  A quick, mobile and creative player, with good technical ability, Callejón is capable of both creating and scoring goals, due to his powerful shot and excellent offensive movement off the ball, as demonstrated by his ability to lose his markers by make attacking runs in behind the defensive line and into the area from deeper or wider areas. He is also a good header of the ball, in spite of his average stature.

Personal life.

Callejón's twin brother Juanmi was also a footballer, and both were Real Madrid graduates.

Honours.

Real Madrid  Napoli  Individual

José María Callejón Bueno (; born 11 February 1987) is a Spanish professional footballer who plays for Italian club S.S.C. Napoli as a forward or winger.

荷西·卡利祖(,,1987年-2月11日),是一名西班牙职业足球员,现时效力意大利甲组足球联赛球队那不勒斯。


Development history.

Iron was first released as a beta version on 18 September 2008, 16 days after Google Chrome's initial release.  On 26 May 2009 a Preview-Release (Pre-Alpha) of Iron came out for Linux. And on 7 January 2010 a beta version for macOS was released.  On 11 August 2010, Microsoft updated the BrowserChoice.eu website in order to include Iron as one of the possible choices.  More recent versions of Iron have been released since then, which has gained the features of the underlying Chromium codebase, including Google Chrome theme support, a user agent switcher, an extension system, integrated Adblocker and improved Linux support.

Differences from Chrome.

The following Google Chrome features are not present in Iron:  Added features include:

Criticism.

In December 2014, "Lifehacker" said that Iron offers little that is not available by simply configuring Google Chrome's privacy settings. However, "the_simple_computer" wrote that Iron removes the Google Native Client, Google's custom navigation and error pages and other similar features.  In October 2014, "the_simple_computer" wrote that even though SRWare Iron released under the BSD licence, the latest source code publicly available at the time was incomplete and for version 6, even though the binaries were on version 14; source code was moved to RapidShare in 2013, with external access blocked, effectively making the program "entirely closed source". In the same year, "Lifehacker" wrote that SRWare had not released the browser's source code for years. In 2015, SRWare temporarily resumed releasing the source code for the browser.

SRWare Iron is a Chromium-based web browser developed by the German company SRWare. It primarily aims to eliminate usage tracking and other privacy-compromising functionality that the Google Chrome browser includes. Iron ships with certain Chromium privacy options switched on by default, it provides some additional features that distinguish it from Google Chrome.

SRWare Iron,或简称Iron,是基于Chromium浏览器源码开发的一个专有的网页浏览器,主要目的在于去除谷歌浏览器追踪使用情况等可能侵犯用户隐私的功能。所支援的系统包括Windows、Linux和Mac OS X。


第67届威尼斯国际电影节

Juries.

The international juries of the 67th Venice International Film Festival were composed as follows:  Main Competition (Venezia 67)  Horizons (Orizzonti)  Opera Prima ("Luigi de Laurentiis" Award for a Debut Film)  Controcampo Italiano  Persol 3-D

Official selection.

In competition.

The Leone d'oro (Golden Lion) award was won by "Somewhere", directed by Sofia Coppola, a film based in part on Coppola's childhood as the daughter of acclaimed American director Francis Ford Coppola. Quentin Tarantino, the president of the jury that awarded the prize, hailed the film saying, "it grew and grew in our hearts, in our minds, in our affections". The jury's decision was unanimous. Upon receiving the award, Coppola paid credit to her father for "teaching me". The Russian film "Silent Souls" and the Chilean film "Post Mortem" had been considered favourites for the award.  The following films competed for the award:

Out of competition.

The following films were shown out of competition.

Horizons.

From 2010 on, this section, dedicated to new trends in world cinema, has opened itself to all "extra-format" works, while four new awards have been established for it.  Feature films  Short and medium-length films

Controcampo Italiano.

The following films, representing "new trends in Italian cinema", were screened in this section:  In competition  Out of competition - Feature films and documentaries

Italian comedy retrospective.

The following films were shown as part of a retrospective section on Italian comedy, titled "The State of Things", spanning the years 1937 to 1988.

Autonomous sections.

Venice International Film Critics' Week.

The following films were selected for the 25th International Film Critics' Week:

Venice Days.

The following films were selected for the 7th edition of Venice Days (Giornate Degli Autori) autonomous section:

Awards.

Starting with the 67th edition of the festival, four new awards were established for the "Orizzonti" section: the Orizzonti Award (for feature films), the Special Jury Orizzonti Prize (for feature films), the Orizzonti Award for Short Films and the Orizzonti Award for Medium-length Films.

Official selection.

The following Official selection awards were conferred at the festival:  In Competition (Venezia 67)  Horizons (Orizzonti)  Controcampo Italiano  Special awards

Autonomous sections.

The following official and collateral awards were conferred to films of the autonomous sections:  Venice International Film Critics' Week  Venice Days (Giornati degli Autori)

Other collateral awards.

The following collateral awards were conferred to films of the official selection:

The 67th annual Venice International Film Festival held in Venice, Italy, took place from 1 to 11 September 2010. American film director and screenwriter Quentin Tarantino was the head of the Jury. The opening film of the festival was Darren Aronofsky's "Black Swan", and the closing film was Julie Taymor's "The Tempest". John Woo was awarded the Golden Lion for Lifetime Achievement prior to the start of the Festival.

第67届威尼斯电影节于2010年9月1日至9月11日在意大利威尼斯举行。开幕影片是戴伦·艾洛诺夫斯基导演的《黑天鹅》,闭幕影片是朱丽·泰莫(Julie Taymor)的《暴风雨》,两部片均产自美国。美国导演昆廷·塔伦蒂诺出任评委会主席。


Need for Speed: Hot Pursuit (2010 video game)

Gameplay.

Microsoft Windows, PlayStation 3 and Xbox 360.

"Hot Pursuit" goes back to the "Need for Speed" series' roots and takes on the gameplay style of earlier "" and "" titles in the "Need for Speed" franchise with exotic cars and high-speed police chases. "Hot Pursuit" lets players be either a racer or a police driver, and features a full career mode for both roles. The relationship between the cops and racers is described as "a dog chasing down a rabbit"; the police being more powerful while the racers are faster. Each side has several power-ups including calling for roadblocks and radar jamming. According to Criterion the single-player section is somewhere between 12 and 15 hours long, but with lots of replay value.  The game takes place in a fictional location known as Seacrest County based on Southern California, Arizona, and Colorado. It's an open world and features over of open road, four times larger than that of "Burnout Paradise", Criterion's previous title. "Hot Pursuit" features a new social interaction system called "Autolog" which is described as "Facebook for the game". The game features both single-player and multiplayer game modes with up to eight players; as an option to live multiplayer racing, players can post records and achievements on the Autolog feed for friends to see, which they then can try to beat. Autolog also contains an experience system called "Bounty". As of July 2012, the Web Dashboard for Autolog was shut down for all games, except "".  The driving mode of the game is described as "fun, accessible, okay", however not as arcade-styled as "Burnout Paradise", but far from a simulator. All vehicles in "Hot Pursuit" are licensed real-world cars and SUVs, described as "all the cars you dreamed of driving, in the way you dreamed of driving them".  Most vehicles are available in both racer and police variants, but a few cars are exclusive to each side. Also exclusively featured in the "Hot Pursuit" is the Porsche 918 Spyder concept. Ferrari automobiles however, last seen in a "" DLC-pack but notably absent from all other "Need for Speed" games since "", are also absent from "Hot Pursuit". There is no car customization or tuning, other than color changing, "just because the game really focuses on the "Hot Pursuit" element." Unlike previous "Need for Speed" games which use unbranded, fictional models, real cars like the Audi A4, Chevrolet Cobalt, Porsche Cayenne, Nissan Frontier, and Ram 1500 are used as traffic cars.

Wii.

The Wii version of "Need for Speed: Hot Pursuit" has very little in common with its Xbox 360, PlayStation 3 and Windows counterparts. This version was designed by a different company (Exient Entertainment), and was a completely different game in nearly every virtual aspect: graphics, soundtrack, racing modes, gameplay, and customization. Some reviewers cited that the Wii version showed stark similarities to a previous "Need for Speed" installment, "". This version takes place in four real-life cities across the world (Chongqing, China, Dubai, United Arab Emirates, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil and Las Vegas, Nevada), as opposed to the fictional Seacrest County in the other versions.  In Career mode, there are 4 super-tournaments (each city) and a Grand Prix Tournament. Each super-tournament consists of four smaller tournaments, which consist of Hot Pursuit (circuit with cops), Eliminator (knockout), Time Marker (solo timed circuit) and Rush Hour (100 to 1) races. Each super tournament concludes with a Boss Race, which is a free roam race (with GPS) to capture more of the checkpoint flags than the Boss (2 out of 3, etc.). Besides Career, the game offers Quick Race mode, which allows up to four players on split screens, each with their own map, and the four race types from Career plus a fifth, "Interceptor" (be a cop & bust a speeder).  The cars, purchased with Bounty, improve in speed, acceleration, and strength (D, C, B, A, and S Class cars, plus police vehicles in the Quick Race's "Interceptor" race). Racers do not have names, just the Career/Profile names. During the race, players can accumulate and use regular nitro and super nitro (more powerful but shorter), similar to "". Power-ups/"Supes" are acquired while driving: Boost (extra nitro), Drain (others' nitro), Cruise Control (brief auto-steering), Deflect The Heat (send police after opponents), Jammer (invisibility to police), Tank (resistance to crash damage), Soundwave (circular explosion), and Repair (immediate car restoration). Repair is the most important, as players' car must be in a good condition to accumulate Nitro and be immune from being busted by the cops.  A complex yet extensive range of visual customization options is available, including body kits, wheels, and a full range of colors & vinyls, including freehand drawing ability. The most obvious difference is that the graphics and racing physics in this version are completely different from the other versions, giving it a retro look and feel reminiscent of much older pre-GameCube or "Mario Kart" type games.

Development.

The game was first hinted at during E3 2009 by EA’s CEO, John Riccitiello. Riccitiello stated that Criterion Games, developers of EA's own "Burnout" series, was working on a "revolutionary" addition to the "Need for Speed" franchise, stating: "We don't have a plan right now for a separate major launch on "Burnout", because the team doing it is working on a revolutionary take on "Need for Speed"." The title was confirmed to be in development by EA's chief operating officer, John Pleasants, at a Stock meeting in June 2009, where he stated: "We've taken the "Burnout" team and combined it with our "Need for Speed" franchise. So we now have that in our favor because that "Burnout" team is probably one of the more online-centric and notably high-quality game developers that we have out at Criterion." "Shift" producer, Jesse Abney, expressed his delight to work with Criterion Games, stating that it would be a "great team to work with on that stuff," referencing the development of "Need for Speed". It was reported that the game was scheduled for release in Q4 2010. EA's COO, John Schappert, said that the Q4 "NFS" title was, "a new action based "Need for Speed" from our Criterion Studio," in a post-financial report conference call. The title was officially revealed as "Need for Speed: Hot Pursuit" at EA's Media Briefing during E3 2010, with a trailer which showed a high-speed police chase involving three different racers. The trailer was followed by a live demo of the game on stage between creative director Craig Sullivan as a cop and producer Matt Webster as a racer. According to Riccitiello, the game was in development for two years.  In August 2010, before "Need for Speed: Hot Pursuit" was set to take center stage at EA's press conference during Gamescom, it was announced by art director Henry LaBounta that Criterion collaborated with "Battlefield" creators EA Digital Illusions CE (DICE) in building the massive open world of "Need for Speed: Hot Pursuit". Early in November 2010, Patrick Söderlund, Senior Vice President of EA Games Europe, said this of the collaboration: "I think the most important thing, when you have two high-quality developers working together, for it to work, they need to have mutual respect. They need to have that respect, to say ‘Ok, we trust you to do this.’ This was a case where that was so obvious, where the Criterion team had a full trust in the DICE team to do what they were doing, and vice versa."  Recent games in the "Need for Speed" franchise included a story, but Matt Webster, producer of "Hot Pursuit", said: "We didn’t really think it was necessary to include a story. If you’re a cop, the aim is to go up the ranks, while a racer’s aim is to get to the highest rank they can." EA stated that the combination of acclaimed developer Criterion Games, a socially-focused online mode and official car licences makes the franchise more accessible than before. UK product manager for "Need for Speed" Kevin Flynn said: "This is definitely the best "Need for Speed" I’ve seen to date. I thought "" was a great game but different and a bit serious, while "Hot Pursuit" is more fun and accessible."  With the game sharing the as the 1998 installment in the franchise, the game's creative director, Craig Sullivan, told why they didn't name the game something totally different, stating: "To be honest when we started out making the game we didn’t know it was going to be called "Need for Speed: Hot Pursuit", we just didn’t. We got to the game before we got to the name. We realized we were making something that had a lot of cops in it and was really interesting to us, so we thought what can we call this? Eventually we thought this actually fits quite well with "Hot Pursuit" and went with it."

Soundtrack.

The game features 7.1 channel surround sound in PCM (Dolby Digital and DTS are also available). The soundtrack of "Hot Pursuit" features a general track list as is seen in EA Black Box "Need for Speed" games such as "", "" and "" rather than a scored soundtrack as seen in "" and "". The song "Edge of the Earth" by Thirty Seconds to Mars serves as the game's theme song. Other songs include "Watercolour" by Pendulum and "Big Weekend" by Lemonade.  Players can also add custom soundtracks to the game, so that any music stored on the player's hard drive can be selected during gameplay, as long as they are added to a playlist via the console's system menu. As well as optionally using songs from the player's hard drive, several categories of licensed music are available for the game's racing, menu screens, and the photo mode.

Updates and expansions.

EA announced the "One Million Challenge" on 25 November 2010. The idea behind the challenge was that if the "Need for Speed: Hot Pursuit" launch trailer received one million views on YouTube by 12 December 2010, a free downloadable content (DLC) pack would be released with three new cars. Although the trailer fell short of the million views, EA still awarded the three cars for free. EA stated the cars would be added to the game through a future title update on the PlayStation 3 and Xbox 360; PC users were told that EA will share more news when it becomes available. On 14 December 2010 the first update was released which added the three cars to the player's garage. Criterion released another Xbox 360 title update the following day. On 17 December 2010, a third title update was released which repaired issues experienced with earlier versions of the update. Criterion released the official second update for the consoles on 15 February 2011, addressing some minor issues and glitches.  Criterion also promised updates to add new features in addition to bug fixes for the PC version. The first update for the PC was released on 26 November 2010 which addressed crashes, issues with aspect ratios, and missing effects. D-Box motion chair support was also added. The second update for the PC was released on 19 January 2011, which fixed issues with flickering graphics, controller configurations, steering response, player car engine audio volume, CPU performance and a rare crash issue when entering the Career map screen. The three free cars from the "One Million Challenge" were also added. The third update for the PC was released on 17 March 2011, which fixed several issues players were having relating to game crashes and bugs. The fourth update for PC was released on 4 April 2011, which fixed another 30 percent of the game's known bugs, with a total of 77 percent of the issues fixed. The fifth update for PC was released on 14 April 2011, as with the most recent patch this new update mainly dealt with various game crash issues which players encountered while playing the game. One game crash in particular, which occurred on some systems when players were prompted to "Press Any Key", was fixed in this patch. EA announced that the PC version of the game would not receive downloadable content. Criterion confirmed this on their official message boards; "We have a limited amount of resources that makes it so that we are unable to deliver new content to all platforms, however we do have more updates and content on the way for PC players."

Paid content.

In addition to the free update, Criterion has released several optional, premium packs that add content like new cars and events. The first two DLC packs for "Hot Pursuit" were released one week after the game's launch. Dubbed "Racer Timesaver Pack" and "SCPD Timesaver Pack", either pack grants the player immediate access to every car in the game on the relevant side of the law. Buying the "Racer Timesaver Pack", for example, gives the player access to all the Racer cars, and vice versa for the SCPD. The third pack for "Hot Pursuit" was released one week after the first two. The "SCPD Rebels Pack", adds seven new cars previously available only in police variants to the Racer line-up, including the Audi R8 5.2 FSI and Aston Martin DBS.  EA announced the first official DLC for "Hot Pursuit" on 6 December 2010. The "Super Sports Pack" adds three new cars; the Porsche 911 GT2 RS, GUMPERT Apollo S, and Bugatti Veyron 16.4 Super Sport in variants for both sides of the law. There are also 13 new race and pursuit events, and new trophies/achievements to earn. It was released on 21 December on the Xbox 360 and PlayStation 3 in North America and on 22 December on PlayStation Network in Europe. Although this is the first official DLC, extra additional content could also be purchased via online storefronts.  Criterion announced three new DLC packs for "Hot Pursuit" on 17 February 2011. "Armed and Dangerous" brings two new online game modes. ‘Most Wanted’ has the cops in pursuit of a single racer in an open world, with the other racers fighting to protect him. ‘Arms Race’ is free-for-all racing that sees weapons enabled. In addition, this pack also contains three new trophies/achievements. It was available from 22 February on the PlayStation Network and Xbox LIVE Marketplace.  The second and third packs, "Lamborghini Untamed" and "Porsche Unleashed", adds the Lamborghini Diablo SV, Lamborghini Countach LP5000 QV and Lamborghini Sesto Elemento, while the Porsche pack (named after ) adds the Porsche 911 Turbo (1982 model), Porsche 959 and the 997 Speedster in both cops and racer variations. Both packs bring 10 new events and four new trophies/achievements. The "Lamborghini Untamed" pack was available from 1 March and "Porsche Unleashed" pack from 8 March on the PlayStation Network and Xbox LIVE Marketplace. In addition, the "Three for All Bundle" was released on 22 March only on the PlayStation Store, which is just a big bundle that consists of the "Porsche Unleashed", "Lamborghini Untamed", and the "Armed and Dangerous" packs.

EA Crew Edition.

A limited edition of the PC game was released to EA employees during December 2010. The "EA Crew Edition" includes seven bonus racer cars; Mercedes-Benz SLR McLaren 722 Edition, Maserati Quattroporte Sport GT S, Chevrolet Corvette Z06, Lamborghini Reventon, Bugatti Veyron 16.4, Aston Martin DBS, and Audi R8 5.2 FSI (these vehicles were later released in the "SCPD Rebels Pack"). The box is not labeled for retail sale and the disc is marked as "not for resale".

Marketing and release.

In early July 2010 EA announced "Need for Speed Hot Pursuit on Tour", a seven-city event that took the game around the United States prior to the game's release. Each stop featured recording artists and showcased an assortment of exotic cars. The tour began on 14 July 2010 at the Manhattan Classic Car Club in New York City, headlined by DJ Z-Trip. It then continued to Chicago, Seattle, San Francisco, Austin and Miami, ending with the "Hot Pursuit" launch party in Los Angeles. EA received a helping hand from UK vehicle wrapping company Totally Dynamic for the UK launch event, held at Totally Dynamic's South London centre. In addition to the standard edition, a "Limited Edition" of the game has been released, which was originally only available through pre-order at the same price as the regular game. However, it was still available beside the regular game, but in limited quantities. The "Limited Edition" features numerous bonuses over the standard edition, including exclusive packaging, two exclusive racers and four unlocked cars.  The "Need for Speed: Hot Pursuit" demo was available for download on 26 October on Xbox Live Marketplace worldwide and the PlayStation Network in North America and on 27 October 2010 on the PlayStation Network in Europe. The demo was a limited time demo and closed on 9 November 2010. Criterion Games stated that "Unlike Xbox 360 and PS3 versions, PC demos require comparatively more resources to ensure that they run smoothly across a wide variety of systems," for not getting the chance to release a demo for the PC. The demo was a hit, the demo was download more than 2 million times, making the demo for "Hot Pursuit" the "most popular demo in "Need for Speed" history".  EA announced on 15 November 2010 the first two "Games with Developer", both on the first weekend after the game launched. The event allowed the players to test their newly developed skills against those who had a hand in creating the game. EA announced on 26 November 2010 an "Autolog Recommends Contest". It was a two-week-long competition. If the fans beat any of NFSDrew's "Need for Speed: Hot Pursuit" Autolog recommended times on Xbox or PS3, it gave one of them the chance to win a custom (NTSC) "Need for Speed: Hot Pursuit" PlayStation 3, which is an extremely rare "Collector's Edition". EA also announced two "Autolog Photo Contests", the first ended 26 November 2010 and the second 6 January 2011. The players had to take creative photos, then EA with the community announced the best and creative photo, which win a custom "Need for Speed: Hot Pursuit" PlayStation 3 "Limited Collector's Edition". EA announced the "Friday Gaming Sessions", which started on 17 January 2011. EA announced the "Need for Speed Autolog" iPhone app in late November 2010. The app features the Wall, Dreamshots, Autolog Recommendations, SpeedWall and a Play Later button. The app was released on iTunes on 13 December 2010.

Trailers.

In addition to the trailer shown at the official reveal during E3 2010, several other game trailers have been released, each revealing new aspects of the game. One trailer promoted the "Limited Edition" of the game, which features additional cars. Some trailers explained the game's new Autolog feature. Two trailers released in September 2010 showcased the different aspects of cops vs racer gameplay. A trailer released on 25 September 2010 promoted the limited-time demo. Three video clips were released on 29 October 2010. Entitled "Fast Needs no Friends", these videos depict two foolish valet parkers, Kevin Dillon and Jerry Ferrara, who have gained a love for fast, exotic cars, by playing "Need for Speed: Hot Pursuit". Several trailers were released in November. A trailer was released for indicate Seacrest County, the game's primary locale. A trailer was released for hint that the demo was a success. Two live action trailers was also released to showcase the relationship between the cops and racers. A launch trailer was also released on 16 November 2010. A new video clip was released 15 December 2010, which featured the two foolish valet parkers Kevin Dillon and Jerry Ferrara again. Most of the trailers are now available for free download on Xbox LIVE Marketplace and PlayStation Network.  Four developer diaries were released to promote the game. The first was released on 14 October 2010 which features the game's Producer detailing the Autolog feature. On 28 October 2010 the second developer diary was released that features the game's Creative Director explaining the contents of the recently released demo. The third developer diary, released on 6 November 2010, details the specifics Seacrest County's terrain and climate, as well as explaining day and night cycles. It was also released two video early in November that featured the game's Designer, he gave some tips on how to succeed in the Dark Horse and Roadsters Reborn events in the demo. If some of the fans beat his record on the Roadsters Reborn event, they had a chance to win some "NFSHP" prizes. The fourth diary, released 26 November 2010, explains why and how the game's cars were chosen.

Reception.

Pre-release.

"Need for Speed: Hot Pursuit" was well received by critics at E3 2010 and was most notably awarded with "Best Racing Game" from Game Critics Awards as well as several other media outlets. Other games in the category included "Forza Motorsport 4", "Gran Turismo 5", "Test Drive Unlimited 2" and "". IGN stated that it had "an inspired level of connectivity", while 1UP.com claimed that "the other racing games at E3 never had a chance". This was the first game in the "Need for Speed" series since to win an E3 award. "Hot Pursuit" was also nominated for "Best Xbox 360" and "Best PS3" game by IGN, and "Best Graphics" by Gaming Excellence.

Post-release.

"Hot Pursuit" was received positively upon release, review-aggregating website Metacritic hold the average score for the PlayStation 3 version at 89/100, the Xbox 360 version at 88/100, and the PC version at 86/100, while the Wii version was met with mixed or average reviews receiving 50/100. In the edition of 8 November 2010 of "Official U.S. PlayStation Magazine", the first review score was given as 10/10. The reviewer said "It's consistently challenging without feeling difficult. It's immensely rewarding without ever being taxing."  "IGN" gave the game 9.0 out of 10 and an Editor's Choice Award, praising the game's "pure over-the-top driving entertainment. The cars and environments are gorgeous, the crashes are spectacular, and the new Autolog feature breathes new life into the time-honored tradition of video game competition among friends." Eurogamer gave the game 9 out of 10. Reviewer Tom Bramwell said "It's stuffed with content but rarely for the sake of it, and knowing Criterion it will be handsomely supported for months to come, even though it's already the best pure arcade racing game since "Burnout Paradise"." GameTrailers also scored the game 9 out of 10. The reviewer stated "Hot Pursuit" was "excellently crafted, letting you take the world's fastest cars across miles of stunning landscapes. Chases are exhilarating from either perspective, and the autolog feature completely changes how you compete with friends, keeping you hooked until you've wrecked all of their scores." Destructoid gave the game 9.5 out of 10. Reviewer Nick Chester noted that "it delivers a near-perfect competitive experience, in a way that few games - racing or otherwise - can. "Hot Pursuit" is not only a defining moment for the series, but for arcade-style racing, period." Reviewer Randy Nelson of Joystiq was the second reviewer to give the game a perfect score of 10/10. Reviewer Chris Antista of GamesRadar also gave the game 10 out of 10. Chris stated that "with so many modes and diverse rewards to uncover in "Need For Speed: Hot Pursuit", it almost feels like 2.5 games in one package." Electronic Gaming Monthly reviewer Brett Bates gave the game 9.0 out of 10, which felt much the same as GamesRadar's Chris Antista, stating "In effect, you're getting two games in one: What you do as a racer has no bearing on what you do as a cop."  Reviewer Tom Orry of VideoGamer gave the game 8 out of 10, and stated "the core driving is never anything but exhilarating, visually it's almost flawless and the Autolog features are genre leading. There's still something missing, though - a reason to explore the open world." GameSpot awarded the game 8.5 out of ten and said "This fast-paced racer keeps you glued to the TV and on the edge of your seat regardless of which side of the law you're playing on." Official Xbox Magazine gave the Xbox 360 version 7 out of 10, and said ""Hot Pursuit" feels a little too safe for its subject matter, limited by pedestrian road design that doesn't express all the playfulness that we'd expect in car combat." However, the UK edition of the magazine gave the game a 9 out of 10, and said "It pays respect to the classic "NFS" games, borrows the best bits from "Burnout" and is a technical masterpiece. The chase to reclaim "<nowiki>NFS'</nowiki>"s once legendary chart topping form is well and truly on."  PlayStation Lifestyle reviewer Thomas Williams gave the game 9 out of 10, and stated "What Criterion Games has done with "Need for Speed: Hot Pursuit" is develop the best entry in the series in the last 5 years of release. Once you start playing this game, there is no way you can play just one race." PlayStation Lifestyle writer Mike Hartnett declared "Hot Pursuit" better than "Gran Turismo 5", and concluded with ""Need for Speed: Hot Pursuit" is just downright more fun than anything rolling out of Polyphony Digital’s garage. There is certainly no shortage of epic moments in this game. Whether you're tearing through single-player mode to rank-up as a cop or a racer, throwing down spike strips to take out your friends online, or just relieving a bit of stress by driving around in free-ride mode."

Sales.

In the UK, "Need for Speed: Hot Pursuit" debuted at number three on the UK All Format Gaming Chart on its first week of release, beaten by Activision's "" and Ubisoft's "". The second week was it dropped down to number six. However, the fourth week, "Hot Pursuit" sales jumped 48 percent, which boosted the game from seventh to third. The sixth week, "Hot Pursuit" sales were down 67 percent, which slipped down one place to number fourth. The seventh week, "Hot Pursuit" was placed number ten, but the next week it jumped up to number seven.  In the US, "Hot Pursuit" was ranked number seven on NPD's sales charts for November 2010, outselling Sony's racing juggernaut "Gran Turismo 5", which launched about a week later. On 10 December 2010 GamesIndustry reported that "Hot Pursuit" managed to sell 417,000 units in the US in just two weeks. Cowan and Company reported that despite the positive sales figures were not enough to pick up EA's year on year sales figures. The analytical firm stated that the year on year sales figures for November were still down 25 percent for EA. Gamertell stated that ""<nowiki>Hot Pursuit'</nowiki>"s success is a big boost for a genre that has taken some hits in 2010, as well as a franchise that has been searching for its identity. After several'reinventions', EA turned to Criterion Games, the studio famous for the "Burnout" series, to right this racer. Criterion took the series back to the high-octane formula of cops chasing racers. Unlike actual illegal street racers, "Hot Pursuit" fans seem happy to see the police." "Hot Pursuit" was placed number ten on NPD's sales charts for December 2010 with sales of 906,000 units for the month.  On 1 February 2011, on EA's financial result report of Q3 2010 was it mentioned that the game has sold more than 5 million units. "It's on a sharp uptick the last couple of years as we've driven high-quality titles ever higher in the charts, particularly in Europe but also in North America," John Riccitiello, EA CEO, said during the publisher's overnight Q3 earnings call. Wedbush Morgan analyst Michael Pachter commented on the figures, saying that they were slightly over his expectation of 4.5 million units at this point. "Hot Pursuit" surprised him, then, but not as much as "Medal of Honor" did. Early in November, analyst Mike Hickey also said he believed EA's "Hot Pursuit" could sell 4.2 million copies during the 2010 Christmas period.

Awards.

Following the high praise it received at its release, "Need for Speed: Hot Pursuit" received numerous awards from various magazines, trade shows and gaming websites. The game has won over 30 different awards, including Racing Game of the Year from major publications, more than any other racing game that year.  In 2010, at the E3 2010, Game Critics Awards gave "Hot Pursuit" the Best Racing Game award. "Hot Pursuit" was named the Best Driving Game at the 2010 Spike Video Game Awards. "Hot Pursuit" was awarded Best Racing Game by GameSpot, 1UP, GameSpy, and Shacknews. VGChartz awarded "Hot Pursuit" the Best Racing Game on Xbox 360, while GameTrailers and Game Revolution nominated "Hot Pursuit" for Best Racing Game. "Hot Pursuit" was awarded Best Competitive Multiplayer on Xbox 360 by IGN, as well as a nomination for Most Addictive Game on Xbox 360, while GamesRadar nominated it for Multiplayer That Broke The Mold. Giant Bomb gave "Hot Pursuit" the Most Improved Franchise award, while Gamereactor awarded "Hot Pursuit" for the Year's Fastest.  In 2011, at the 2011 Academy of Interactive Arts & Sciences, "Hot Pursuit" was named Racing Game of the Year, and at the 2011 BAFTA Video Games Awards, "Hot Pursuit" won the Multiplayer award. At the 2011 Golden Joystick Award, "Hot Pursuit" was a runner up for Racing Game of the Year. "Hot Pursuit" was nominated for Favorite Videogame at the 2011 Nickelodeon Kids' Choice Awards, and Best Game at the 2011 BAFTA Kid's Vote Award.

Need for Speed: Hot Pursuit is a 2010 racing video game developed by Criterion Games and published by Electronic Arts for PlayStation 3, Xbox 360, Wii, Microsoft Windows, iOS, Android, webOS and Windows Phone. The Wii version was developed by Exient Entertainment. "Hot Pursuit" is the sixteenth "Need for Speed" title and was released in November 2010, with digital distribution versions released within December 2010.

由美商艺电于2010年11月发售,是极速快感系列的第14部作品,为《极速快感:进化世代》的续集。本作出售不到一周,销量已经超过3百万,成为最热门的赛车游戏。该作支持各主流游戏平台,包括:PC、Android、iOS、XBOX 360及PS3。本作发行了普通版、特典版与限量版(Limited Edition)三个版本,特典版比普通版多2辆车、朴克牌及仿制游戏警局警徽;而限量版则只有额外2辆车,并没有朴克牌及仿制游戏警局警徽。而试玩版在10月26日至11月9日开放,短短两周就超过200万次下载。


Plot.

The film starts with Edward Sullen stripping his clothes off on the saint Salvador festival while Becca Crane rushes to stop him. While running through a fountain, she accidentally splashes water around causing people to party in the fountain and thus, stopping Becca. In a flashback, Becca Crane (Jenn Proske) moves to the Pacific Northwestern town of Sporks to live with her clueless father, Sheriff Frank (Diedrich Bader), after her mother starts an affair with Tiger Woods. Meanwhile, a killing spree is attributed to the Canadians, but the real perpetrators are a group of vampires usually mistaken for the Black Eyed Peas. Becca quickly befriends many students at her new high school, including Jennifer (Anneliese van der Pol). She is also intrigued by the mysterious and aloof Edward Sullen (Matt Lanter), whose odd behavior perplexes her during their biology class.  Later, when Becca is nearly struck by a van in the school parking lot, Edward stops the vehicle by thrusting another student in the van's way. Becca later "dreams" Edward was in her room; in truth, he is but is repulsed by things she does while sleeping. After much research and thought, Becca confronts Edward and tells him she thinks that he is one of the Jonas Brothers. Edward corrects her, saying he is a vampire but that he only consumes animal blood. Despite the danger of being around a vampire, Becca agrees to go to prom with Edward. Later, Becca and Edward kiss passionately in her room; Becca attempts to seduce Edward into having sex, but he abstains.  On Becca's birthday, Edward introduces her to his vampire family. While unwrapping a gift, Becca gets a paper cut; Edward's brother Jeremiah attempts to bite her, but is knocked away. To keep his family away from Becca, Ed distracts them and takes her out to the woods. He then proceeds to break up with Becca, who throws a tantrum after he leaves. Much to her expectance, Becca is attacked by three nomadic vampires, but Edward intervenes and saves her.  Edward's departure leaves Becca heartbroken for months, but she is comforted by her deepening friendship with her childhood friend Jacob White (Christopher N. Riggi). When Becca is accosted in the woods by the nomadic vampires again, Jacob transforms into a Chihuahua as his werewolf pack arrives to save her. Meanwhile, Edward has moved to Rio and is now dating Lady Gaga to get over losing Becca. He is later informed by his sister Isis, via her gift of prophecy, that Becca killed herself. Edward becomes depressed and decides to provoke the "Zolturi", a powerful and narcissistic vampire coven, into killing him by exposing himself in the sunlight in front of humans, thus exposing the existence of vampires. Isis has another vision of Becca's survival as he leaves, but she is unable to warn him.  Isis arrives at Becca's house, and tells her she has to save Edward by showing him she is still alive. To Becca's shock, the Zolturi are currently partying at the prom due to the St. Salvatore theme. Jacob appears and demands that Becca choose between him and Edward, but just before she announces her decision, he is distracted by a cat and runs off to chase it. Upon arriving at the prom, Becca is caught between the warring factions of Edward fangirls and Jacob fangirls. She is unable to reach Edward before he exposes himself, figuratively and literally. However, twilight occurs, followed by a new moon and an eclipse, concealing Edward's vampiric nature as Becca gets him to safety. Frank arrives to check on Becca, making her hopeful; however, he thinks supernatural creatures are the prom theme and leaves. After a fight between him and the Zolturi leader, Daro (Ken Jeong), Edward is forced to turn Becca into a vampire or he will be killed horribly. He agrees to do so only on the condition that she marry him, which she accepts.  The film concludes with Edward being struck in the head by the Jacob fangirls' leader. Edward survives the blow, and the girl is attacked by the newly vampirized Becca.

Release.

"Vampires Suck" was released on August 18, 2010, in the United States, Canada and Russia, on August 26 in Australia and on October 15 in the United Kingdom. 20th Century Fox did not provide advance screenings of the film for critics.

Critical reception.

The film has an approval rating of 4% on Rotten Tomatoes. The consensus reads: "Witlessly broad and utterly devoid of laughs, "Vampires Suck" represents a slight step forward for the Friedberg-Seltzer team." Another review aggregator, Metacritic, calculated an average score of 18/100 based on 17 critics, meaning "overwhelming dislike", the worst score for a wide release in 2010. Audiences polled by CinemaScore gave the film an average grade of "C+" on an A+ to F scale.  Spill.com, whose video reviews are usually around five minutes long and censored, had a twenty-second review which consisted of Korey Coleman staring blankly into the camera before uttering, "Fuck you" (which is the lowest rating the website gives) uncensored. In the audio commentary from the site, Coleman stated, "The films that these two directors make are so blatant at being nothing more than a juvenile finger pointing at an image or mention of a popular trend that, to me, they seem exploitive of a young culture raised to have an ever-decreasing attention span, thanks to the Internet and channel surfing and, this may sound a little crazy, but, I think it shows a slight de-evolution in what people will accept as entertainment." Peter Travers of "Rolling Stone" gave the film zero out of four stars, and wrote a four word-long review, which simply stated: "This movie sucks more." Film critic Mark Kermode reviewed the film on his Radio 5 show, prefacing the review by saying "It's no surprise to know that it's all terrible, witless, boring, terror". He criticized the film for what he perceived as stale subject matter, saying that the "Twilight" franchise had left the public consciousness and was no-longer fit for parody, "It's not just that the ship has sailed; it's that the ship has sailed, gone across the Atlantic, hit an iceberg, sunk, been dragged up by at least one company, been turned into the biggest movie hit ever, and is now currently being retrofitted for 3D for an anniversary re-release."  Another review from Collider's Jake Horowitz said that "not a single thing in its dreadful 82 minutes running time is even remotely worth watching, or considered even slightly entertaining." He then wrote that "no amount of review can make up for what I witnessed while watching "Vampires Suck". How wrong I was to assume that it was even watchable, because with each over-done hit on the head or kick in the balls I cringed at the thought of this movie making nearly $80 million worldwide; and imagining people actually laughing in a theatre somewhere."  Despite the overwhelming negativity, Jenn Proske's mimicry performance based on Kristen Stewart received some praise; Steve Persall of "Tampa Bay Times" stated, "One thing the movie roasts to perfection is Kristen Stewart's overly pensive Bella... A newcomer named Jenn Proske has the mumbling, hair-twisting, lip-biting tics down pat, and her expressions of repressed sexuality are almost as funny as Stewart's." "Entertainment Weekly" said, "The exception is newcomer Jenn Proske, who spoofs Twilight star Kristen Stewart's flustered, hair-tugging angst with hilarious precision."  "Vampires Suck" was given four nominations from the Golden Raspberry Awards, including Worst Picture, Worst Director, Worst Screenplay and Worst Prequel, Remake, Rip-Off or Sequel.

Box office.

In the United States, the film opened at number one on August 18 with $4,016,858. On August 19, the film dropped to #3 behind "The Expendables" and "Eat Pray Love" with $2,347,044. By the weekend, "Vampires Suck" landed at #2 behind "The Expendables" and $200,000 over "Eat Pray Love". The full second week the film dropped to #11, grossing no more than $500 per theater, respectively. In its second weekend, the film dropped more than 50% from its opening weekend but rose to #6. As of July 12, 2012, the film has grossed $80,547,866 worldwide.

Vampires Suck is a 2010 American parody film directed by Jason Friedberg and Aaron Seltzer. It stars Jenn Proske, Matt Lanter, Christopher N. Riggi, Ken Jeong, Anneliese van der Pol, and Arielle Kebbel. Just like the previous Friedberg and Seltzer movies, the film was panned by critics for its humor and plot. 20th Century Fox theatrically released the film on August 18, 2010.

是一部在2010年上映的恶搞电影,其恶搞题材之来源主要来自《暮光-{}-之城》中的内容。该片导演是杰森·佛雷,他曾拍摄和监制过多部恶搞嘲弄电影,如《惊声尖笑》、《正宗约会电影》和《这不是斯巴达》等。


Background and design.

"Aoba" and her sister ship were originally planned as the third and fourth vessels in the of heavy cruisers. However, design issues with the "Furutaka" class resulted in modifications to include double turrets and an aircraft catapult. These modifications added yet more weight to an already top-heavy design, causing stability problems. Nevertheless, "Aoba" played an important role in World War II.  She displaced 8,300 tons (standard, 9,000 final), was long, and carried a main battery of six 20 cm/50 3rd Year Type naval guns in three twin turrets, two forward and one aft.

Service career.

Early career.

"Aoba" was completed at Mitsubishi shipyards at Nagasaki on 20 September 1927 and was assigned to CruDiv5 until 1933 and thereafter to CruDiv6 and CruDiv7, serving as flagship during much of her career. She was frequently dispatched to patrol the China coast in the late 1920s and the 1930s. "Aoba" was extensively modernized at Sasebo Navy Yard from 1938–1940, receiving new torpedo tubes, enhanced anti-aircraft guns, improved fire controls and better aircraft facilities. Her bridge was rebuilt and bulges added to her hull in an attempt to compensate for the additional weight and improve stability. After re-commissioning in October 1940, "Aoba" returned to CruDiv6.

Early stages of the Pacific War.

In 1941, "Aoba" was flagship of Rear Admiral Aritomo Goto as part of the First Fleet under overall command of Vice Admiral Takasu Shiro. CruDiv 6 consisted of "Aoba", "Kinugasa", and. At the time of the attack on Pearl Harbor, CruDiv6 was engaged in the invasion of Guam, following which she participated in the second invasion of Wake Island.

Battle of Coral Sea.

At the Battle of the Coral Sea, CruDiv 6 departed Shortland and effected a rendezvous at sea with light aircraft carrier. At 1100 on 7 May 1942 north of Taguli Island, "Shōhō" was attacked and sunk by 93 SBD Dauntless dive bombers and TBD Devastator torpedo bombers from the aircraft carriers and.  The following day, 8 May 1942 46 SBDs, 21 TBDs and 15 Grumman F4F Wildcats from "Yorktown" and "Lexington" damaged the aircraft carrier severely above the waterline and forced her retirement. "Furutaka" and "Kinugasa", undamaged in the battle, escorted "Shōkaku" back to Truk. "Kako" and "Aoba" continued to cover the withdrawing Port Moresby invasion convoy.  After refueling at Shortland on 9 May, "Aoba" returned to Kure Naval Arsenal on 22 May 1942 for repairs, and returned to Truk on 23 June 1942, and from Truk to Rekata Bay, Santa Isabel Island, where she was assigned patrols through July.  In a major reorganization of the Japanese navy on 14 July 1942, "Aoba" was assigned to the newly created Eighth Fleet under Vice Admiral Mikawa Gunichi and was assigned to patrols around the Solomon Islands, New Britain and New Ireland.

The Battle of Savo Island.

On 7 August 1942, an Aichi E13A1 "Jake" from "Aoba" spotted "one battleship, one auxiliary carrier, four cruisers, seven destroyers and 15 transports" off Lunga Point near Tulagi.  In the Battle of Savo Island on August 9, 1942, CruDiv 6,, light cruisers and and destroyer engaged the Allied force in a night gun and torpedo action. At about 2300, "Chōkai", "Furutaka", and "Kako", all launched their reconnaissance floatplanes. The circling floatplanes dropped flares illuminating the targets and all the Japanese ships opened fire. The cruisers,, and were sunk. The cruiser was damaged as were the destroyers and. On the Japanese side, "Chōkai" was hit three times; "Kinugasa" twice, "Aoba" once, and "Furutaka" was not damaged. As CruDiv6 retired towards Kavieng, "Kako" was sunk by the submarine, but "Aoba" escaped without further damage. Through the rest of August and September, "Aoba" and CruDiv6 provided cover to the "Tokyo Express" reinforcement convoys to Guadalcanal.

Battle of Cape Esperance.

At the Battle of Cape Esperance on 11 October 1942, CruDiv 6's cruisers ("Aoba", "Furutaka" and "Kinugasa"), and destroyers ( and ) departed Shortland to provide cover for a troop reinforcement convoy by shelling Henderson Field on Guadalcanal. Two American OS2U Kingfisher reconnaissance aircraft spotted the fleet coming down the "Slot" at.  So alerted, the radar-equipped American cruisers,,, and and five destroyers steamed around the end of Guadalcanal to block the entrance to Savo Sound.  At 2235, "Helena"s radar spotted the Japanese fleet, and the Americans successfully crossed the Japanese "T". Both fleets opened fire, but Admiral Goto, thinking that he was under friendly-fire, ordered a 180-degree turn that exposed each of his ships to the American broadsides. "Furutaka" was sunk. "Aoba" was hit by up to forty 6-inch and 8-inch shells. The bridge was wrecked, the No. 2 turret was knocked out and the No. 3 turret destroyed. Other hits put four of the "Aoba"’s boilers off line. Admiral Goto was mortally wounded and 80 other crewmen were killed. After temporary repairs at Shortland, "Aoba" limped back to Truk on 15 October, where Admiral Isoroku Yamamoto personally inspected the damage and ordered the ship back to Japan.

Later service.

"Aoba" returned to Kure on 22 October. During repairs, the wrecked No. 3 turret was covered over with steel plates, and a Type 96 triple-mount 25-mm AA gun installed in its place. "Aoba" was sent back to Truk on 24 February 1943.  On 3 April, while moored at Kavieng, New Ireland, "Aoba" was bombed by Boeing B-17 Flying Fortresses of the Fifth Air Force's 43rd Bombardment Group. A direct hit on "Aoba" caused two Type 93 Long Lance torpedoes to explode and set the ship on fire while the B-17's strafed the decks with machine guns. "Aoba" had to be beached to avoid sinking.  After being towed back to Truk, and again to Kure on 1 August, "Aoba" was again repaired and re-fitted. The gun was restored to the No. 3 turret and a Type 21 air-search radar and two Type 96 twin-mount 25-mm AA guns were installed. However, "Aoba"s maximum speed was reduced to due to irreparable engine damage.  "Aoba" was reassigned to the First Southern Expeditionary Fleet and arrived at Singapore on 24 December 1943. The ship remained based out of Singapore to the end of February 1944, escorting supply convoys to Burma, the Andaman Islands and along the Malaya coast. On 25 February, the vessel was assigned to CruDiv16, with which "Aoba" participated in the Indian Ocean raid during March 1944. Through April, May and June, "Aoba" resumed its escort duties through the Dutch East Indies and New Guinea. During a refit at Singapore in July, "Aoba" gained four triple-mount and 15 single-mount Type 96 25-mm AA guns and a Type 22 surface-search radar.  On 11 October, "Aoba" accidentally collided with the cruiser, but the damage was minor. However, on 23 October 1944, "Aoba" was attacked by the submarine. One of six torpedoes hit "Aoba" in the No. 2 engine room. "Aoba" limped into Cavite Navy Yard near Manila, but while under emergency repairs the following day and on 29 October the ship was bombed by carrier-based planes from Task Force 38. Repairs still incomplete, "Aoba" was assigned to a convoy returning to Japan. The convoy was attacked on 6 November off Luzon by the submarines, "Bream", and. Altogether the submarines fired 23 torpedoes, two of which hit the cruiser, but "Aoba" escaped without further damage. On arrival at Kure on 12 December, "Aoba" was examined but declared irreparable, and re-rated as a reserve ship.  During a US air raid on Kure harbor on 24 April 1945, "Aoba" was further damaged by bombing, and settled on the shallow bottom of the harbor. Rather than repair the crippled vessel, four additional twin 25-mm AA guns were fitted around the mainmast bringing the total number of 25-mm guns to 50 barrels (5x3, 10x2, 15x1) and "Aoba" was re-rated as a floating anti-aircraft battery. On 24 July 1945, about 30 planes from Task Force 38 attacked Kure, and bombed "Aoba" again. At 2200 hours, "Aoba" settled to the bottom in of water at. On 28 July 1945, the hulk was again attacked by ten of Task Force 38's carrier aircraft. Four more direct bomb hits set it on fire, and the fire attracted 7th Air Force B-24 Liberator bombers, which hit it again with four more bombs, breaking off the stern.  "Aoba" was formally removed from the Navy List on 20 November 1945. Her wreck was scrapped in 1946–47.

Named after Mount Aoba, a volcano located behind Maizuru, Kyoto, she was formally removed from the Navy List on 20 November 1945, and her wreck scrapped in 1946–47.

青叶号重巡洋舰(日语:,平假名:)为大日本帝国海军建造的青叶级重巡洋舰的首舰。本舰以京都府舞鹤市加佐郡的命名,为青叶山的青叶神社。1926年9月25日下水,活跃于太平洋战争期间,1945年7月28日在吴港空袭中被重创后坐沉,战后被打捞解体。


Taxonomy.

Siberian sturgeon is typically divided into two subspecies. However, recent studies suggest they may be monotypic, forming continuous genetically connected populations throughout their vast range.  The nominate taxon ("A. b. baerii") accounts for 80% of all Siberian sturgeon and resides in the Ob River and its tributaries. This subspecies migrates to mouth of the Ob during the winter due to seasonal oxygen deficiency, and swims thousands of kilometers upstream to spawn.  The subspecies "A. b. baicalensis", known as the Baikal sturgeon, is a unique lake form found primarily in the northern end of Lake Baikal and migrates up the Selenga River to spawn.  Once considered a third form, ""A. b. stenorrhynchus"" resides in the eastern Siberian rivers and displays two life history patterns: a more abundant migratory one which swims considerable distances (sometimes thousands of kilometers) upstream from estuaries and deltas to spawn, and a nonmigratory form. This form is now considered to be a junior synonym of "A. b. baerii".

Description and population status.

Siberian sturgeon usually weigh about 65 kg, with considerable variability between and within river basins. The maximum recorded weight was 210 kg. As with all other acipenserids, the Siberian sturgeon are long-lived (up to 60 years), and late to reach sexual maturity (males at 11–24 years, females at 20–28 years). They spawn in strong current main stem river channels over stone or gravel substrates.  The Siberian sturgeon feeds on a variety of benthic organisms, such as crustaceans and chironomid larvae.  The species had been in steep decline in its natural range due to habitat loss, degradation, and poaching. Up to 40% of the Siberian sturgeon spawning habitat has been made inaccessible by damming. High levels of pollution in certain places have led to significant negative impacts on the reproductive development of gonads.

Aquaculture.

While wild catches have been generally declining, the Siberian sturgeon is increasingly farmed both for meat and to produce caviar from its roe. Because the Lena population of "A. baerii" completes its lifecycle in fresh water and sexually matures relatively early, it is the most common original broodstock for captive-bred specimens. The main producer of Siberian sturgeon caviar is France, while the largest meat producers are Russia and China.

The Siberian sturgeon ("Acipenser baerii") is a species of sturgeon in the family Acipenseridae. It is most present in all of the major Siberian river basins that drain northward into the Kara, Laptev and East Siberian Seas, including the Ob, Yenisei (which drains Lake Baikal via the Angara River) Lena, and Kolyma Rivers. It is also found in Kazakhstan and China in the Irtysh River, a major tributary of the Ob. The species epithet honors the German Russian biologist Karl Ernst von Baer.

西伯利亚鲟(亦名贝氏鲟,学名"Acipenser baerii")是一种鲟科鱼类。它们主要分布在西伯利亚北向喀拉海、拉普捷夫海及东西伯利亚海的流域,包括鄂毕河、叶尼塞河、勒拿河及科雷马河。它们也有在哈萨克斯坦斯坦及中国的额尔齐斯河出没。