Filming.

"Frozen Planet" finished filming in 2010 and focused on the challenges facing polar bears and Arctic wolves in the north and Adelie penguins and wandering albatrosses in the south, although many other storylines are developed. After an introductory episode, the subsequent four episodes depict the changing seasons at the poles, before an episode focusing on mankind’s activities there. The final episode, "On Thin Ice", examines how global warming is affecting the polar regions. Filmmakers worked in new locations, including Antarctica’s active volcanoes and the Russian Arctic. Sequences captured include migrating eider ducks, footage of a fur seal colony from the air, and pack hunting of seals by killer whales. The aerial photography used the Cineflex and Gyron cameras pioneered on "Planet Earth", which enable steady footage to be captured from long range without disturbing the animals.  From late April to early May 2009, BBC crews were in Hay River, Northwest Territories, Canada filming the annual breakup of the river of the same name, which flows into Great Slave Lake.

Zoo-filmed material.

The BBC was accused of staging after it was reported that one scene of a polar bear giving birth was filmed in a Dutch (initially reported as German) animal park. The BBC defended its faking of the shots, explaining that it would have been impossible to film the event in the wild without endangering the cubs, that the commentary was careful not to mislead the audience, and that the "Frozen Planet" website had already explained how the scene was captured before the story appeared in the media.

Broadcast.

"Frozen Planet" was broadcast on BBC One starting 26 October 2011. Each of the first six episodes comprises the main programme followed by a 10-minute featurette called "Freeze Frame", which shows how some of the sequences were filmed. David Attenborough's principal role is to narrate the programmes, but he appears briefly on camera to give an introduction and a closing statement. For the seventh programme, "On Thin Ice", he serves as writer and presenter for what was billed by the BBC as a personal statement on the effects of climate change at the poles. A special programme called "Frozen Planet: The Epic Journey" featuring re-edited highlights from the series was broadcast on BBC One on 28 December 2011.  In the United States, "Frozen Planet" premiered on the Discovery Channel on 18 March 2012 with Alec Baldwin replacing David Attenborough as narrator of the first six episodes. The "Autumn" episode from the BBC series was replaced by "The Making Of Frozen Planet", a compilation of the "Freeze Frame" featurettes, and the title of the sixth episode was changed from "The Last Frontier" to "Life in the Freezer". The network originally decided not to broadcast Attenborough's "On Thin Ice" episode, citing "scheduling conflicts", but later reversed their decision, and "On Thin Ice" was broadcast on Earth Day, 22 April 2012.  In Australia, the series was broadcast on the Nine Network beginning on 27 October 2011. In France, the series has been acquired by France Television, and aired in March–April 2013 under the name "Terres de Glace".

Reception.

"On Thin Ice" in the United States.

Uncertainty surrounded whether the series' seventh episode, which focuses on climate change, would air in the United States, where it is a politically sensitive issue.  In an interview with "Radio Times" cited in the "Daily Mail", Attenborough explains that "data from satellites collected over the last 40 years show a drop of 30% in the area of the Arctic sea ice at the end of each summer." Former UK Conservative politician Lord Lawson dismissed the idea as "alarmism", provoking a polar oceanographer working with the show to describe his criticism as "patronising", wrong and the "usual tired obfuscation and generalisation". Attenborough subsequently rebutted Lawson's allegations.  This episode was initially not expected to be shown in the United States. Ten networks that would have run the episode opted out, citing fear of controversy and "the reaction it might draw from America's climate change skeptics", including the fact that "the timing of a one-sided global warming programme could be particularly sensitive in the U.S., where climate change is an issue in the presidential race."  On 6 December 2011, the Discovery Channel announced it would air the seventh and final episode of "Frozen Planet". "On Thin Ice" includes on-camera shots of Attenborough, who narrates the British version, discussing what shrinking glaciers and rising temperatures mean for people and wildlife that live in the region, as well as the rest of the planet. The music for this episode was composed by Barnaby Taylor.

Ratings.

The series quickly became a ratings success in the UK, with the second episode broadcast on 2 November 2011 becoming the highest-rated natural history programme there since 2001. The series drew an average audience of 8.67 million viewers.

Awards.

In May 2012, "Frozen Planet" won in three categories at the British Academy Television Craft Awards, collecting prizes for best sound, best editing, and best photography. At the BAFTA Television Awards, "Frozen Planet" was nominated for Best Specialist Factual and the YouTube Audience Award, but lost in both categories. It was also nominated for a Royal Television Society award.  The US broadcast won four prizes at the Primetime Creative Arts Emmy Awards in September 2012, including outstanding nonfiction series, cinematography, sound editing, and picture editing. The following month, it won in three categories at the Wildscreen Festival in Bristol, UK, taking the Panda Awards for best sound, best cinematography, and best series, the latter shared with "Human Planet". In January 2013, the series won the public vote for Best Documentary Series at the UK's National Television Awards, beating out "Big Fat Gypsy Weddings", "One Born Every Minute" and "Planet Earth Live".

Merchandise.

DVD and Blu-ray.

Three disc region-free Blu-ray and Region 2+4 DVD box sets were released on 8 December 2011, and include the complete series as broadcast in the UK. In North America, the Blu-ray and Region 1 DVD box sets were released on 17 April 2012, and unlike the Discovery broadcast version, retained David Attenborough's original narration. They also include extra features not present on the UK discs: "Frozen Planet: The Epic Journey", an hour-long edited highlights, and "Production Video Diaries", a series of 47 video shorts made by the crew as they filmed the series.

Book.

"Frozen Planet: A World Beyond Imagination" accompanies the TV series and was released in hardcover format on 13 October 2011. It is written by the series producers Alastair Fothergill and Vanessa Berlowitz, with a foreword by David Attenborough. The UK version was published by BBC Books () and the North American version was published by Firefly Books ().

Open University poster.

A "Frozen Planet" poster was produced in collaboration with and distributed for free by The Open University. Both the Arctic Circle and Antarctica are mapped. In addition, detailed profiles of the respective flora and fauna, geology and ice formations are provided as well as timelines of human exploration.

Calendar.

"Frozen Planet" wall calendars were published in the UK for 2012 (), 2013 () and 2014 ().

Soundtrack.

The musical score and songs featured in the series were all composed and conducted by George Fenton, with the performed by the BBC Concert Orchestra. The soundtrack was released on 18 March 2013.

Frozen Planet is a 2011 British nature documentary series, co-produced by the BBC and The Open University. It was filmed by the BBC Natural History Unit. The production team, which includes executive producer Alastair Fothergill and series producer Vanessa Berlowitz, were previously responsible for the award-winning series "The Blue Planet" (2001) and "Planet Earth" (2006), and "Frozen Planet" is billed as a sequel of sorts. David Attenborough returns as narrator. It is distributed under licence by the BBC in other countries, Discovery Channel for North America, ZDF for Germany, Antena 3 for Spain and Skai TV for Greece.

《地球冰失》(英语:Frozen Planet)为英国广播公司与探索频道及英国公开大学联合制作的自然纪录片,由大卫·爱登堡旁白,2011年10月26日起于英国广播公司第一台及高清频道首播,共7集。本片主要展示栖息于北极和南极的动植物及其生境,而第7集则探讨全球暖化对极地以至全球的影响,由大卫·爱登堡联同科学家亲身于极地考察及解说。


History.

The coastal areas and riverways were traditional areas of settlement by various American Indian cultures, who had been in the region for thousands of years. They relied on the rivers for fishing, water and transportation. Before European contact, the historic Pequot and Mohegan tribes had been one Algonquian-speaking people. After they separated, they became competitors and traditional enemies in the Connecticut region.  During the first part of the 17th century, the Pequot and Mohegan nations had been at war. The Podunk were forced to pay tribute to the more powerful Pequot, who claimed their land. Eventually, the Podunk invited a small party of settlers from Plymouth, Massachusetts, to settle as a mediating force between the other tribes. In exchange they granted them a plot of land at the confluence of the Farmington River and the west side of the Connecticut River. After Edward Winslow came from Plymouth to inspect the land, William Holmes led a small party, arriving at the site on September 26, 1633, where they founded a trading post. The spot of the trading post is at the confluence of the Farmington and Connecticut Rivers. The Loomis Chaffee School currently owns the land as the spot is now the school's sports fields.  Native Americans referred to the area as "Matianuck". It was about up river from Long Island Sound, at the end of waters navigable by ship and above the Dutch fort at Hartford, offering an advantageous location for the English to trade with the Indians before they reached the Dutch. (The Sicaog tribe had made a similar offer to mediate to the Dutch in New Amsterdam. New Netherland had far fewer European settlers than New England, and they were not in a position to take up the opportunity.)  In 1635, a party of around 30 people, sponsored by Sir Richard Saltonstall, and led by the Stiles brothers, Francis, John and Henry, settled in the Windsor area. Governor John Winthrop of the Massachusetts Bay Company acknowledged in a letter to Saltonstall that the Stiles party was the second group to settle Connecticut.  The first group of 60 or more people were led by Roger Ludlow, primary framer of the Fundamental Orders of Connecticut, having trekked overland from Dorchester, Massachusetts. They had arrived in the New World five years earlier on the ship "Mary and John" from Plymouth, England, and settled in Dorchester. Reverend Warham promptly renamed the Connecticut settlement "Dorchester". During the next few years, more settlers arrived from Dorchester, outnumbering and soon displacing the original Plymouth contingent, who returned to Plymouth in 1638 after selling their parcel to a Matthew Allyn of Hartford. On February 21, 1637, the colony's General Court changed the name of the settlement from Dorchester to Windsor, named after the town of Windsor, Berkshire, on the River Thames in England. The same day, Windsor was incorporated as a town along with Hartford and Wethersfield.  Several "daughter towns" were formed from Windsor's original boundaries. These include portions or all of Barkhamsted, Bloomfield, Bolton, Colebrook, Coventry, East Granby, East Windsor, Ellington, Enfield, Granby, Harwinton, Litchfield, Manchester, Morris, Simsbury, South Windsor, Suffield, Tolland, Torrington, Vernon, and Windsor Locks.  The first "highway" in the Connecticut Colony opened in 1638 between Windsor and Hartford. Two years later, the highway was extended north to the colony's 1636 settlement at Springfield, with the road also connecting to Wethersfield and thus the four settlements that came to dominate the region for much of colonial history were connected.  In the summer of 1640, an event took place that would forever change the boundaries of the Connecticut River Valley. During a grain famine, the founder of Springfield, William Pynchon, was given authority by Windsor and Hartford to negotiate a price for grain for the three settlements with the natives. First, the natives refused to sell grain at the usual market price, and then refused to sell it at "a reasonable price". Pynchon refused to buy it, attempting to teach the natives a peaceful lesson about integrity and reliability. Windsor's cattle were starving, however, and the citizens of Hartford were furious. With Windsor's consent, Hartford commissioned the famous Indian fighter John Mason to travel to Springfield with "money in one hand and a sword in the other" to threaten the natives, and thereby force the grain trade. The natives capitulated and ultimately sold their grain. After "negotiating the trade", Mason refused to share the grain with Springfield, and, to add further insult, insisted that Springfield pay a tax when sailing ships passed Windsor. Outraged, Springfield forever sided with the Massachusetts Bay Colony, a faraway theocracy based in Boston, rather than with the Connecticut Colony, which was much closer geographically and far more compatible ideologically. Windsor played a neutral role in the colonial rivalry between Hartford and Springfield; however, Windsor's direct border with both settlements caused many discussions about whether to align with Massachusetts or Connecticut. Ultimately, Windsor sided with Connecticut.  The Hartford & Springfield Street Railway, a trolley, connected with the Connecticut Company in Windsor Center until 1925. Buses replaced trolleys between Rainbow (a northern section of Windsor) and Windsor Center in 1930. Trolley cars continued to run from Windsor to Hartford until 1940.  The original Windsor settlers have many descendants around the country and beyond. Many are members of the Descendants of the Founders of Ancient Windsor (DFAW).  The railroad used to stop at Windsor station in Windsor Center with other stations being at Wilson in the south of town and Hayden in the north, both named for landowners who provided land for the railroad right of way. The line was double tracked until the late 1990s and redouble tracked in 2018. Sidings at Windsor station allowed cars to be spotted at the freight house and on the Loomis trestle just to the south. The trestle was removed in the late 1980s. An 1856 brownstone arch bridge carries the tracks over Pleasant St and the Farmington River. Incorporating a horizontal curve, its engineering was noteworthy when built. Following a fatal grade crossing accident, a three-track-wide plate girder bridge was installed to carry tracks over Palisado Avenue n Windsor Center.

Historical points of interest.

The Joseph Kesselring stage play and Frank Capra movie "Arsenic and Old Lace" was inspired by actual events that took place in a three-story brick house on Prospect Street, just off the north end of the Windsor green. Sixty men died between 1907 and 1917 while in the care of Amy Archer-Gilligan. Most were proven to be victims of arsenic poisoning.  On historic Palisado Avenue, one can find the First Church in Windsor, Congregational, and adjacent graveyard.  Across the street on the Palisado Green stands a statue of John Mason, a founder of Windsor and a colonial leader in the Pequot War. The historic plaque also honors Robert Seeley, Mason's second-in-command. Nearby stands Windsor's oldest structure, the Capt. John Fyler house, built in 1640.  Further north is the home of Oliver Ellsworth, third Chief Justice of the United States.  The town center is well-planned in comparison to many others in the Greater Hartford area. It has a relative diversity of chains and local shops, as well as a restored Amtrak train station dating to the 1850s. The Vintage Radio and Communications Museum of Connecticut is located in Windsor.  From 1957 to 2006, the town was the location of the S1C Nuclear Powered Training Unit; a prototype nuclear power plant for the Naval Nuclear Propulsion Program. The former site has the distinction of being the first nuclear reactor site to receive unrestricted release after demolition and decontamination efforts.

Other notable sites.

Windsor is home to the following locations on the National Register of Historic Places:

Tobacco farming.

Tobacco farming in Connecticut has a long history. When the first settlers came to the valley in the 1630s, tobacco was already being grown by the native population. By 1700 it was being exported via the Connecticut River to European ports. The use of Connecticut tobacco as a cigar wrapper leaf began in the 1820s.  Area farmers grew tobacco for the two outside layers of cigars, the binder and the wrapper. Approximately of land in Connecticut is covered by Windsor Soil, named after the town.  The movie "Parrish", starring Troy Donahue and Karl Malden, was set and filmed in the tobacco farms of Windsor. The film was released in 1961.  The Connecticut Valley Tobacco Museum, containing authentic farming implements and tools, can be found at Northwest Park in Windsor.

Education.

The public schools in Windsor are a part of the Windsor Public Schools: The magnet schools in Windsor are managed by the Capital Region Education Council: There are two public libraries: Windsor Public Library and Wilson Public Library.  Loomis Chaffee, the well-known college preparatory school, is located in Windsor, on a campus at the confluence of the Connecticut and Farmington rivers. The original Loomis Homestead, built by Joseph Loomis in 1640 and one of the oldest buildings in the United States, stands on the school's campus across the street from the current school head's residence.  Madina Academy, Connecticut's first full-time Islamic School, offers preschool through 12th grade Saint Gabriel's School is a private school that teaches kindergarten through eighth grade. Trinity Christian School is a private school that teaches kindergarten through seventh grade. Praise, Power, Prayer Christian School is a private school that teaches kindergarten through twelfth grade.  Branford Hall Career Institute and Baran Institute of Technology are located on Day Hill Road.

Recreation and activities.

Parks.

Windsor Meadows State Park is in the southeast corner of town and runs along the shore of the Connecticut River.  Keney Park, in the south, straddles Windsor and Hartford; it includes cricket fields and a golf course.  Northwest Park, Windsor's largest park, is located in the northwest corner of Windsor. It includes a nature center, trails and an animal barn showcasing a burro, sheep, chickens, goats, rabbits, ducks, and a turkey.  Welch Park is in the neighborhood of Poquonock on the Farmington River and is home to a public pool, a basketball court, numerous baseball diamonds, tennis courts, and a small playground.  Stroh Park is off Route 159 near Wilson Congregational Church towards the south end of town. It is home to a public pool, tennis courts, a playground, and a pond.  Strawberry Hills Park is located on River Street. It is a popular location in the summer months for those interested in canoeing and kayaking the Farmington River.  Mill Brook Open Space, the former Mill Brook and Traditions golf course headed to housing development was purchased and protected as open space by The Trust for Public Land in 2014. This 95 acre property cost $2.1million dollars, with a $1,086,000 grant from the State of Connecticut to help preserve this open meadow. This property will serve as "land for passive recreation, wildlife habitat, community character along with water quality & storm water protection purposes". The proximity of the park to the town is also important in that it will put more than 1,200 residents within a 10-minute-walk to the property.

Events.

The Northwest Park Country Fair is held every fall.  The Shad Derby Festival is held every spring in the town center. Carol sing and torchlight parade mark the holiday season

Economy.

Top employers.

According to Windsor's 2011 Comprehensive Annual Financial Report, the top employers in the city were:

Geography.

Windsor's highest point is on Day Hill at above sea level. Windsor's lowest point is on the Connecticut River at above sea level.  The Farmington River joins the Connecticut River in Windsor. The Farmington River is dammed in the northwest corner of Windsor to form the Rainbow Reservoir.

Demographics.

Population.

As of the census of 2010, there were 29,044 people, 11,233 households, and 7,881 families residing in the town. The population density was 984.5 persons per square mile (380.2/km2). There were 11,767 housing units at an average density of 398.9 per square mile (154.0/km2). The racial makeup of the town was 54.7% White, 34.3% African American, 0.2% Native American, 4.5% Asian, 0.01% Pacific Islander, 3.1% some other race, and 3.2% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 8.4% of the population.  There were 11,233 households, out of which 28.1% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 50.9% were headed by married couples living together, 14.9% had a female householder with no husband present, and 29.8% were non-families. 24.1% of all households were made up of individuals, and 8.8% were someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.54 and the average family size was 3.04.  In the town, the population was spread out with 21.5% under the age of 18, 7.4% from 18 to 24, 23.9% from 25 to 44, 31.8% from 45 to 64, and 15.3% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 43.1 years. For every 100 females, there were 90.9 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 87.8 males.

Income.

According to the U.S. Census Bureau's American Community Survey, for the period 2009-2011, median income for a household in the town was $78,211, and median income for a family was $89,726. Male full-time year-round workers had a median income of $58,668 versus $50,529 for females. The per capita income for the town was $34,899. About 3.1% of families and 4.5% of the population were below the poverty line, including 6.0% of those under age 18 and 4.8% of those age 65 or over.  Windsor was one of a handful of towns in the country where, in the 2000 United States Census, median income for black households ($64,159) was larger than white households ($63,624). Asian households had a median income of $75,716. Hispanic or Latino (of any race) households have a median income of $69,808.

High school demographics.

Windsor High School has 1,471 students enrolled. Demographics for 2004–2005 were:

Politics.

Connecticut House of Representatives:  Connecticut Senate:  United States House of Representatives:  Minor party registrations in Windsor include Green, Libertarian, and Working Families.

Windsor is a town in Hartford County, Connecticut, United States, and was the first English settlement in the state. It lies on the northern border of Connecticut's capital, Hartford. The population of Windsor was 29,044 at the 2010 census.

温莎(英语:Windsor)是一个位于美国康乃狄克州哈特福县的城镇。


2011年至2012年墨西哥超级足球联赛

Changes from 2010–11.

On May 16, 2011, the General Assembly of the Primera División announced a format change to begin with the 2011 Apertura. The first change was the elimination of groups in the First Stage. The top eight teams at the end of the First Stage would advance to the next round. The other change would affect the playoffs. Instead of a two-legged, single elimination tournament culminating in the finals, the eight teams in the next round would be placed into two groups of four. The four teams in each group will play against other in a double round-robin format. The top team in each group will advance to the Finals. However, on June 6, 2011, the Primera División Profesional's Operations Committee announced that the format change would only affect the elimination of groups in the First Stage, and that the playoffs would remain as they were. Therefore, the top eight teams at the end of the First Stage would advance to a two-legged elimination bracket.

Clubs.

The following eighteen teams participated in the season. Necaxa was relegated to the Liga de Ascenso after accumulating the lowest coefficient during the immediate past three seasons, ending its one-year stay in the league. Tijuana was promoted, the winner of the 2010–11 Liga de Ascenso season. This is Tijuana's inaugural season in the Primera División.

Torneo Apertura.

The 2011 Apertura was the first competition of the season. The Regular Season began on July 22, 2011 and ended on November 6, 2011. The playoffs began on November 19, 2011 and ended on December 11, 2011. The team known as Pumas UNAM were the defending champion.

Regular season.

Standings.

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Top goalscorers.

Players ranked by goals scored, then alphabetically by last name.

Torneo Clausura.

The 2012 Clausura is the second and final competition of the season. The regular season began on January 6, 2012 and ended on April 29, 2012. The team known as Tigres UANL were the defending champions.

Regular season.

Standings.

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Top goalscorers.

The 2011–12 Primera División Profesional season was the 65th professional top-flight football league season in Mexico. The season was split into two tournaments: the Torneo Apertura and the Torneo Clausura; each of identical format and contested by the same eighteen teams.

2011年至2012年墨西哥足球甲级联赛,为墨西哥顶级足球联赛的第65个赛季。


History.

Prior to 2008, the new Lockyer Valley Region was an entire area of two previous and distinct local government areas:  Prior to European settlement, the Lockyer Valley area was home to the Kitabul Aboriginal people.  Tarampa Divisional Board was created on 15 January 1880 under the "Divisional Boards Act 1879", and held its first meeting on 20 February 1880. On 25 April 1888, the Laidley area broke away and separately incorporated, and on 25 January 1890, the Forest Hill area moved from Tarampa to Laidley. On 1 July 1902, the town of Laidley was created as a separate municipality with its own Borough Council.  With the passage of the "Local Authorities Act 1902", the borough and divisions became a town and shires respectively on 31 March 1903. The town council was dissolved on 8 February 1917, and Laidley absorbed part of the Shire of Rosewood.  On 3 September 1938, Tarampa was renamed the Shire of Gatton. On 19 March 1949 it grew to incorporate part of the former Shires of Drayton and Highfields, while losing some of its original area to the City of Toowoomba and Shire of Crows Nest.  In July 2007, the Local Government Reform Commission released its report and recommended that Gatton and Laidley amalgamate, uniting the major farming, cropping and horticultural production area of South East Queensland under one local authority. While both councils opposed the amalgamation, they identified each other as preferred partners if it had to go ahead. On 15 March 2008, the two Shires formally ceased to exist, and elections were held on the same day to elect six councillors and a mayor to the Regional Council.  After the deadly 2010–11 Queensland floods, which destroyed the town of Grantham, the council responded quickly to relocate the town to non-flood prone land. The council purchased freehold land adjoining the existing town for the voluntary resettlement of eligible residents. To speed the recovery process normal land use planning procedures were dropped although there was a public consultation period. Support from the state government was muted, partly because the new urban development was contrary to the South East Queensland Regional Plan.

Wards.

The council remains undivided and its elected body consists of six councillors and a mayor, elected for a four-year term.

Towns and localities.

The Lockyer Valley Region includes the following settlements:  Gatton area:  Laidley area:  Other areas:  - split with Somerset Region

Population.

The populations given relate to the component entities prior to 2008. The next census, due in 2011, will be the first for the new Region.

Libraries.

The Lockyer Valley Region Council provide public libraries in Gatton and Laidley.

The Lockyer Valley Region is a local government area in the West Moreton region of South East Queensland, Australia, between the cities of Ipswich and Toowoomba. It was created in 2008 from a merger of the Shire of Gatton and the Shire of Laidley. Steve Jones, former mayor of Gatton, was elected as first mayor of the Lockyer Valley Region.

洛吉尔谷区政府(英语:Lockyer Valley Region)是澳大利亚昆士兰州成立于2008年3月的一个地方政府,辖境有2,273平方公-{里}-,区议会座落于图翁巴与伊普斯威奇之中,统辖著昔时的「加顿」与「雷德礼」2郡。根据2006年的人口调查,居民有31,138人。


Series overview.

For the first six seasons, the series is set in the fictional seaside town of Storybrooke, Maine, in which the residents are actually fairy tale characters that were transported to the real world town and robbed of their memories by Regina, the Evil Queen (Lana Parrilla) who used a powerful dark curse obtained from Rumplestiltskin (Robert Carlyle). The residents of Storybrooke, where Regina is mayor, have lived an unchanging existence for 28 years, unaware of their own agelessness. The town's only hope lies with a bail-bonds person from the Land Without Magic, named Emma Swan (Jennifer Morrison), only daughter of Snow White (Ginnifer Goodwin) and Prince Charming (Josh Dallas). Emma was transported from the Enchanted Forest to the real world via a magic wardrobe as an infant before the curse was cast. As such, she is the Savior, the only person who can break the curse and restore everyone's lost memories. She is aided by her ten-year-old son, Henry Mills (Jared S. Gilmore), with whom she was recently reunited after giving him up for adoption upon his birth, and his "Once Upon a Time" book of fairy tales that holds the key to breaking the curse. Henry is also the adopted son of Regina, providing a source of both conflict and common interest between the two women.  In the seventh season soft-reboot, an adult Henry Mills (Andrew J. West), along with Regina, Wish Realm Captain Hook (Colin O'Donoghue), and Rumplestiltskin, are found years later in the Seattle neighborhood of Hyperion Heights, where characters from a different realm were brought under a new curse. Hoping to restore her family's memories, Lucy (Alison Fernandez) must convince her parents, Henry and Cinderella (Dania Ramirez), of the true nature of Hyperion Heights, in the midst of emerging dangers involving Lady Tremaine (Gabrielle Anwar), Mother Gothel (Emma Booth), and Dr. Facilier (Daniel Francis).  Episodes usually have one segment that details the characters' past lives that, when serialized, adds a piece to the puzzle about the characters and their connection to the events that preceded the curse and its consequences. The other, set in the present day, follows a similar pattern with a different outcome, but also offers similar insights.

Season 1 (2011–12).

The first season premiered on October 23, 2011. The Evil Queen interrupts the wedding of Snow White and Prince Charming to announce that she will cast a curse on everyone that will leave her with the only happy ending. As a result, the majority of

Season 2 (2012–13).

The second season premiered on September 30, 2012. Despite Emma having broken the curse, the characters are not returned to the fairy tale world, and must deal with their own dual identities. With the introduction

Season 3 (2013–14).

The third season premiered on September 29, 2013. It was split into two volumes, with the first eleven episodes running from September to December 2013, and the later half from March to May 2014. In the first volume, the main characters travel to Neverland to rescue Henry, who has been kidnapped by Peter Pan (Robbie Kay) as part of a plan to obtain the "Heart of

Season 4 (2014–15).

The fourth season premiered on September 28, 2014. It was also split into two volumes, with the first eleven episodes running from September to December 2014, and the later half from March to May 2015. A new storyline incorporating elements from "Frozen" was revealed when the time travel events of the previous season lead to the accidental arrival of Queen Elsa (Georgina Haig) of Arendelle, from the Enchanted Forest of the past,

Season 5 (2015–16).

The fifth season was announced on May 7, 2015, and premiered on September 27, 2015. It was once again split into two volumes with the first volume running from September to December 2015, and the second volume from March to May 2016. The characters embark on a quest to Camelot to find the Sorcerer Merlin (Elliot Knight) in order to free Emma from the powers of an ancient darkness that threatens to destroy everything. To complicate matters, King

Season 6 (2016–17).

The sixth season was announced on March 3, 2016, and premiered on September 25, 2016. The characters must defend Storybrooke from the combined threat of Mr. Hyde and an unleashed Evil Queen. They also must deal with the new people from the Land of Untold

Season 7 (2017–18).

In May 2017, the series was renewed for a seventh and final season consisting of 22 episodes, which marked a soft reboot. Years later after The Final Battle, Lucy (Alison Fernandez) arrives in the fictional neighborhood of Hyperion Heights in Seattle, Washington with her "Once Upon a Time" book to find her father Henry Mills (Andrew J. West) who is needed by his family. Henry along with characters from the New Enchanted Forest were

Reception.

"Once Upon a Time"s first season received "generally favorable" reviews from critics. Metacritic gave it a score of 66 out of 100 based on 26 reviews. The pilot episode was watched by 12.93 million viewers and achieved an adult 18–49 rating/share of 4.0. The second season premiered on September 30, 2012, to an audience of 11.36 million viewers,

Development and production.

Conception.

Adam Horowitz and Edward Kitsis conceived the show in 2004 before joining the writing staff of "Lost", but wanted to wait until that series was over to focus on this project.  Eight years before the "Once Upon a Time" pilot (the two had just completed their work on "Felicity", in 2002), Kitsis and Horowitz became inspired to write fairy tales out of a love of "mystery and excitement of exploring lots of different worlds." They presented the premise to networks, but were refused because of its fantastic nature. From their time on "Lost," the writers learned to look at the

Casting.

Secondary character casting director Samuel Forsyth started the casting process in 2010. Horowitz stated that everyone they initially wanted for roles in the series accepted their roles after being sent a script. Ginnifer Goodwin was cast as Snow White / Mary Margaret Blanchard, who appreciated that she would be playing a strong character that was fleshed out for the audience. Goodwin had stated in interviews that she would love to play Snow White, and called her acceptance of the role "a no-brainer." Both Kitsis and Horowitz are self-described big fans of Goodwin's previous series, "Big Love", and wrote the part of Snow White with her in mind. Josh Dallas, who

Filming.

Principal photography for the series takes place in Vancouver, British Columbia. Steveston Village in the adjacent city of Richmond doubles as Storybrooke for the series, with props and exterior sets disguising the existing businesses and buildings. During filming,

Setting.

Main settings.

During the first six seasons, the Enchanted Forest and Storybrooke, Maine are the main settings of the series. The Enchanted Forest is a realm within Fairy Tale Land, but the actual spread and scope of the realm is not known. However, they are later united during the Ogre Wars, which played a part in the formation of the War Council that is formed by Prince Charming and served as the catalysts in the backstories involving Rumpelstiltskin and the Evil Queen. Several independent kingdoms are implied by an array of different rulers. Most of the stories detailed

Expanded settings.

The show, including its spin-off, have explored beyond the main settings to numerous realms, each based on fairy tales, literature, and folklore. Known realms are Fairy Tale Land, the Land Without Magic, Wonderland, the Dreamscape, the Land Without Color, the Netherworld, Neverland, Victorian England, the Land of Oz, Kansas,

Cultural references.

As a nod to the ties between the production teams of "Once Upon a Time" and "Lost", the former show contains allusions to

Music.

Mark Isham composed the series' theme and music. On February 15 2011 an extended play album featuring four cues from the score was released by ABC Studios. On May 1, 2012, a full-length 25-track official soundtrack

Broadcast.

The series has been licensed to over 190 countries. In Australia, "Once Upon a Time" first aired on Seven Network, starting on May 15, 2012. In Canada it airs on CTV from October 23, 2011. It premiered on Channel 5 in the United Kingdom

Reception.

Critical response.

Critical response to the first season was generally positive. On Metacritic, it was given a score of 66 out of 100 with "generally favorable reviews". E!'s Kristin dos Santos cited the show as one of the five new shows of the 2011–2012 season to watch. Matthew Gilbert of "The Boston Globe" gave the show a "C+" grade commenting "From a pair of "Lost" producers, this is a love-or-hate proposition. The ambition is impressive, as it asks us to imagine Goodwin's Snow White and Parrilla's Evil Queen as moderns. But Morrison is a wooden lead, and the back stories – a random collection of fairy tales -- don't promise to surprise." In a review from the "St. Louis Post-Dispatch", TV critic Gail Pennington hailed it as one of the "Most Promising Shows of The Fall" and, unlike Gilbert, had high marks for Morrison. "USA Today"s Robert Blanco placed the series on its top ten list, declaring that "There's nothing else on the air quite like it." Mary McNamara of the "Los Angeles Times"

Ratings.

The first season premiered as the top-rated drama series. The pilot episode was watched by 13 million viewers and received a 4.0 rating/share among 18- to 49-year-olds. It was the season's highest-rated drama debut among the age range

Awards and nominations.

"Once Upon a Time" was nominated for a 2012 People's Choice Award for "Favorite New TV Drama", but lost to "Person of Interest". The show was nominated at the 39th People's Choice Awards in four categories: Favorite Network TV Drama, Favorite Sci-Fi/Fantasy Show, Favorite TV Fan Following, and Favorite TV Drama Actress (Ginnifer Goodwin); it lost to another ABC show "Grey's Anatomy" in the first category, "Supernatural" in the second two, and Ellen Pompeo (from "Grey's Anatomy") in the last category. The show was nominated at 40th People's Choice Awards, but lost to "Beauty and the Beast" and "The Vampire Diaries", respectively.  The show was also nominated for "Best Genre Series" at the 2011 Satellite Awards, but lost to "American Horror Story". The show was nominated in this category again at the 2012 Satellite Awards, but lost to "The Walking Dead".  The program also received three nominations at the 2012 Visual Effects Society Awards, but

Tie-in material.

Novels.

In 2013, Disney-owned Hyperion Books published "Reawakened" by Odette Beane, a novelization of storylines from the first season, expanded to include new perspectives. The narrative is from the points-of-view of Emma Swan in Storybrooke and Snow White in the Enchanted Forest. The novel was published on April 28, 2013, as an ebook and May 7, 2013, in paperback form.  In 2015, production company Kingswell Teen published "Red's

Comic books.

A comic book, titled "Once Upon a Time: Shadow of the Queen", was released on September 4, 2013, in both digital and hardcover forms. The story was written by Dan Thomsen and Corinna Bechko, with art by Nimit Malavia, Vasilis Lolos, Mike del Mundo, Stephanie Hans and Mike Henderson. "Shadow of the Queen" details what

Spin-off.

In February 2013, Kitsis & Horowitz, along with producers Zack Estrin and Jane Espenson, developed a spin-off focusing on Lewis Carroll's Wonderland. The series was called "Once Upon a Time in Wonderland". A "teaser presentation" began shooting in April 2013, and the pilot was shot in late July or August. On May 10, 2013, ABC announced that it had approved the spin-off and on May 14, 2013, announced that the spin-off would air in the Thursday night 8:00pm time slot instead of making it a fill-in for the parent series. The series premiered on October 10, 2013, but was cancelled after a single-season thirteen-episode run, and ended on April 3, 2014.

Once Upon a Time is an American fantasy adventure drama television series that aired on ABC from October 23, 2011 to May 18, 2018. The first six seasons are largely set in the fictitious seaside town of Storybrooke, Maine, with the characters of Emma Swan and Henry Mills as the leads, along with other major characters. Whilst the seventh and final season takes place in Seattle, Washington, in the fictitious neighborhood of Hyperion Heights, with a new main narrative led by Henry Mills. The show borrows elements and characters from Disney and popular Western literature, folklore, Greek mythology, and fairy tales.

《童话镇》(英语:Once Upon a Time 又译:传说、童话归来、-{zh-tw:童话镇;zh-cn:童话小镇;}-;直译为在很久很久以前)是一部于2011年-2018年在ABC电视台播出美国童话电视剧。本剧由Edward Kitsis和Adam Horowitz开发。 2013年推出衍生剧《奇境传说》。


Irish home rule.

The issue of Irish home rule was the dominant political question of British politics at the end of the 19th and beginning of the 20th century.  Earlier in the 19th century, Irish politicians like Daniel O'Connell had demanded a repeal of the Act of Union 1800 and a return to two separate kingdoms and parliaments, united only in the personal union of the monarch of Great Britain and Ireland. In contrast to this, demands for home rule called for autonomy for Ireland within the United Kingdom, with a subsidiary Irish parliament subject to the authority of the parliament at Westminster. This issue was first introduced by the Irish Parliamentary Party led by Isaac Butt, William Shaw and Charles Stewart Parnell.  Over the course of four decades, four Irish Home Rule Bills were introduced into the British Parliament:

Northern Ireland.

Home Rule came into effect for Northern Ireland in 1921 under the Fourth Home Rule Act. The Parliament of Northern Ireland established under that act was prorogued (the session ended) on 30 March 1972 owing to the destabilisation of Northern Ireland upon the onset of the Troubles in late 1960s. This followed escalating violence by state and paramilitary organisations following the suppression of civil rights demands by Northern Ireland Catholics.  The Northern Ireland Parliament was abolished by the Northern Ireland Constitution Act 1973, which received royal assent on 19 July 1973. A Northern Ireland Assembly was elected on 28 June 1973 and following the Sunningdale Agreement, a power-sharing Northern Ireland Executive was formed on 1 January 1974. This collapsed on 28 May 1974, due to the Ulster Workers' Council strike. The Troubles continued.  The Northern Ireland Constitutional Convention (1975–1976) and second Northern Ireland Assembly (1982–1986) were unsuccessful at restoring devolution. In the absence of devolution and power-sharing, the UK Government and Irish Government formally agreed to co-operate on security, justice and political progress in the Anglo-Irish Agreement, signed on 15 November 1985. More progress was made after the ceasefires by the Provisional IRA in 1994 and 1997.  The 1998 Belfast Agreement (also known as the Good Friday Agreement), resulted in the creation of a new Northern Ireland Assembly, intended to bring together the two communities (nationalist and unionist) to govern Northern Ireland. Additionally, renewed devolution in Northern Ireland was conditional on co-operation between the newly established Northern Ireland Executive and the Government of Ireland through a new all-Ireland body, the North/South Ministerial Council. A British-Irish Council covering the whole British Isles and a British-Irish Intergovernmental Conference (between the British and Irish Governments) were also established.  From 15 October 2002, the Northern Ireland Assembly was suspended due to a breakdown in the Northern Ireland peace process but, on 13 October 2006, the British and Irish governments announced the St Andrews Agreement, a 'road map' to restore devolution to Northern Ireland. On 26 March 2007, Democratic Unionist Party (DUP) leader Ian Paisley met Sinn Féin leader Gerry Adams for the first time and together announced that a devolved government would be returning to Northern Ireland. The Executive was restored on 8 May 2007. Several policing and justice powers were transferred to the Assembly on 12 April 2010.  The 2007–2011 Assembly (the third since the 1998 Agreement) was dissolved on 24 March 2011 in preparation for an election to be held on Thursday 5 May 2011, this being the first Assembly since the Good Friday Agreement to complete a full term. The fifth Assembly convened in May 2016. That assembly dissolved on 26 January 2017, and an election for a reduced Assembly was held on 2 March 2017.

Scotland.

Ever since the Parliament of Scotland adjourned in 1707 as a result of the Acts of Union, individuals and organisations had advocated the return of a Scottish Parliament. The drive for home rule first took concrete shape in the 19th century, as demands for it in Ireland were met with similar (although not as widespread) demands in Scotland. The National Association for the Vindication of Scottish Rights was established in 1853, a body close to the Tories and motivated by a desire to secure more focus on Scottish problems in response to what they felt was undue attention being focused on Ireland by the then Liberal government. In 1871, William Ewart Gladstone stated at a meeting held in Aberdeen that if Ireland was to be granted home rule, then the same should apply to Scotland. A Scottish home rule bill was presented to the Westminster Parliament in 1913 but the legislative process was interrupted by the First World War.  The demands for political change in the way in which Scotland was run changed dramatically in the 1920s when Scottish nationalists started to form various organisations. The Scots National League was formed in 1920 in favour of Scottish independence, and this movement was superseded in 1928 by the formation of the National Party of Scotland, which became the Scottish National Party (SNP) in 1934. At first the SNP sought only the establishment of a devolved Scottish assembly, but in 1942 they changed this to support all-out independence. This caused the resignation of John MacCormick from the SNP and he formed the Scottish Covenant Association. This body proved to be the biggest mover in favour of the formation of a Scottish assembly, collecting over two million signatures in the late 1940s and early 1950s and attracting support from across the political spectrum. However, without formal links to any of the political parties it withered, devolution and the establishment of an assembly were put on the political back burner.  Harold Wilson's Labour government set up a Royal Commission on the Constitution in 1969, which reported in 1973 to Ted Heath's Conservative government. The Commission recommended the formation of a devolved Scottish assembly, but was not implemented.  Support for the SNP reached 30% in the October 1974 general election, with 11 SNP MPs being elected. In 1978 the Labour government passed the Scotland Act which legislated for the establishment of a Scottish Assembly, provided the Scots voted for such in a referendum. However, the Labour Party was bitterly divided on the subject of devolution. An amendment to the Scotland Act that had been proposed by Labour MP George Cunningham, who shortly afterwards defected to the newly formed Social Democratic Party (SDP), required 40% of the total electorate to vote in favour of an assembly. Despite officially favouring it, considerable numbers of Labour members opposed the establishment of an assembly. This division contributed to only a narrow 'Yes' majority being obtained, and the failure to reach Cunningham's 40% threshold. The 18 years of Conservative government, under Margaret Thatcher and then John Major, saw strong resistance to any proposal for devolution for Scotland, and for Wales.  In response to Conservative dominance, in 1989 the Scottish Constitutional Convention was formed encompassing the Labour Party, Liberal Democrats and the Scottish Green Party, local authorities, and sections of "civic Scotland" like Scottish Trades Union Congress, the Small Business Federation and Church of Scotland and the other major churches in Scotland. Its purpose was to devise a scheme for the formation of a devolution settlement for Scotland. The SNP decided to withdraw as independence was not a constitutional option countenanced by the convention. The convention produced its final report in 1995.  In May 1997, the Labour government of Tony Blair was elected with a promise of creating devolved institutions in Scotland. In late 1997, a referendum was held which resulted in a "yes" vote. The newly created Scottish Parliament (as a result of the Scotland Act 1998) has powers to make primary legislation in all areas of policy which are not expressly'reserved' for the UK Government and parliament such as national defence and international affairs.  Devolution for Scotland was justified on the basis that it would make government more representative of the people of Scotland. It was argued that the population of Scotland felt detached from the Westminster government (largely because of the policies of the Conservative governments led by Margaret Thatcher and John Major).  A referendum on Scottish independence was held on 18 September 2014, with the referendum being defeated 44.7% (Yes) to 55.3% (No). In the 2015 United Kingdom general election the SNP won 56 of the 59 Scottish seats with 50% of all Scottish votes. This saw the SNP replace the Liberal Democrats as the third largest in the UK Parliament.  In the 2016 Scottish Parliament election the SNP fell two seats short of an overall majority with 63 seats but remained in government for a third term. The Conservative Party won 31 seats and became the second largest party for the first time. The Labour Party, down to 24 seats from 38, fell to third place. The Scottish Greens took 6 seats and overtook the Liberal Democrats who remained flat at 5 seats.  Following the 2016 referendum on EU membership, where Scotland and Northern Ireland voted to Remain and England and Wales voted to Leave (leading to a 52% Leave vote nationwide), the Scottish Parliament voted for a second independence referendum to be held once conditions of the UK's EU exit are known. Conservative Prime Minister Theresa May to date has rejected this request citing a need to focus on EU exit negotiations.

Wales.

After the Laws in Wales Acts 1535–1542, Wales was treated in legal terms as part of England. However, during the later part of the 19th century and early part of the 20th century the notion of a distinctive Welsh polity gained credence. In 1881 the Sunday Closing (Wales) Act 1881 was passed, the first such legislation exclusively concerned with Wales. The Central Welsh Board was established in 1896 to inspect the grammar schools set up under the Welsh Intermediate Education Act 1889, and a separate Welsh Department of the Board of Education was formed in 1907. The Agricultural Council for Wales was set up in 1912, and the Ministry of Agriculture and Fisheries had its own Welsh Office from 1919.  Despite the failure of popular political movements such as Cymru Fydd, a number of national institutions, such as the National Eisteddfod (1861), the Football Association of Wales (1876), the Welsh Rugby Union (1881), the University of Wales (Prifysgol Cymru) (1893), the National Library of Wales (Llyfrgell Genedlaethol Cymru) (1911) and the Welsh Guards (Gwarchodlu Cymreig) (1915) were created. The campaign for disestablishment of the Anglican Church in Wales, achieved by the passage of the Welsh Church Act 1914, was also significant in the development of Welsh political consciousness. Plaid Cymru was formed in 1925.  An appointed Council for Wales and Monmouthshire was established in 1949 to "ensure the government is adequately informed of the impact of government activities on the general life of the people of Wales". The council had 27 members nominated by local authorities in Wales, the University of Wales, National Eisteddfod Council and the Welsh Tourist Board. A cross-party Parliament for Wales campaign in the early 1950s was supported by a number of Labour MPs, mainly from the more Welsh-speaking areas, together with the Liberal Party and Plaid Cymru. A post of Minister of Welsh Affairs was created in 1951 and the post of Secretary of State for Wales and the Welsh Office were established in 1964 leading to the abolition of the Council for Wales and Monmouthshire.  Labour's incremental embrace of a distinctive Welsh polity was arguably catalysed in 1966 when Plaid Cymru president Gwynfor Evans won the Carmarthen by-election. In response to the emergence of Plaid Cymru and the Scottish National Party (SNP) Harold Wilson's Labour Government set up the Royal Commission on the Constitution (the Kilbrandon Commission) to investigate the UK's constitutional arrangements in 1969. The 1974–1979 Labour government proposed a Welsh Assembly in parallel to its proposals for Scotland. These were rejected by voters in the 1979 referendum: 956,330 votes against, 243,048 for.  In May 1997, the Labour government of Tony Blair was elected with a promise of creating a devolved assembly in Wales; the referendum in 1997 resulted in a narrow "yes" vote. The turnout was 50.22% with 559,419 votes (50.3%) in favour and 552,698 (49.7%) against, a majority of 6,721 (0.6%). The National Assembly for Wales, as a consequence of the Government of Wales Act 1998, possesses the power to determine how the government budget for Wales is spent and administered. The 1998 Act was followed by the Government of Wales Act 2006 which created an executive body, the Welsh Government, separate from the legislature, the National Assembly for Wales. It also conferred on the National Assembly some limited legislative powers.  The 1997 devolution referendum was only narrowly passed with the majority of voters in the former industrial areas of the South Wales Valleys and the Welsh-speaking heartlands of West Wales and North Wales voting for devolution and the majority of voters in all the counties near England, plus Cardiff and Pembrokeshire rejecting devolution. However, all recent opinion polls indicate an increasing level of support for further devolution, with support for some tax varying powers now commanding a majority, and diminishing support for the abolition of the Assembly.  The 2011 Welsh devolution referendum saw a majority of 21 local authority constituencies to 1 voting in favour of more legislative powers being transferred from the UK parliament in Westminster to the Welsh Assembly. The turnout in Wales was 35.4% with 517,132 votes (63.49%) in favour and 297,380 (36.51%) against increased legislative power.  A Commission on Devolution in Wales was set up in October 2011 to consider further devolution of powers from London. The commission issued a report on the devolution of fiscal powers in November 2012 and a report on the devolution of legislative powers in March 2014. The fiscal recommendations formed the basis of the Wales Act 2014, while the majority of the legislative recommendations were put into law by the Wales Act 2017.  On May 6 2020, the National Assembly was renamed "Senedd Cymru" or Welsh Parliament with "Senedd" as its common name in both languages.

England.

England is the only country of the United Kingdom to not have a devolved Parliament or Assembly and English affairs are decided by the Westminster Parliament. Devolution for England was proposed in 1912 by the Member of Parliament for Dundee, Winston Churchill, as part of the debate on Home Rule for Ireland. In a speech in Dundee on 12 September, Churchill proposed that the government of England should be divided up among regional parliaments, with power devolved to areas such as Lancashire, Yorkshire, the Midlands and London as part of a federal system of government.  The division of England into provinces or regions was explored by several post-Second World War royal commissions. The Redcliffe-Maud Report of 1969 proposed devolving power from central government to eight provinces in England. In 1973 the Royal Commission on the Constitution (United Kingdom) proposed the creation of eight English appointed regional assemblies with an advisory role; although the report stopped short of recommending legislative devolution to England, a minority of signatories wrote a memorandum of dissent which put forward proposals for devolving power to elected assemblies for Scotland, Wales and five Regional Assemblies in England.  In April 1994 the Government of John Major created a set of ten Government Office Regions for England to coordinate central government departments at a provincial level. English Regional Development Agencies were set up in 1998 under the Government of Tony Blair to foster economic growth around England. These Agencies were supported by a set of eight newly created Regional Assemblies, or Chambers. These bodies were not directly elected but members were appointed by local government and local interest groups.  English Regional Assemblies were abolished between 2008 and 2010, but proposals to replace them were put forward. Following devolution of power to Scotland, Wales and Northern Ireland in 1998, the government proposed similar decentralisation of power across England. Following a referendum in 1998, a directly elected administrative body was created for Greater London, the Greater London Authority. Proposals to devolve political power to fully elected bodies English Regional Assemblies was put to public vote in the 2004 North East England devolution referendum. Originally three referendums were planned, but following a decisive rejection of the plans by voters in North East England, further referendums were abandoned. Although moves towards English regional devolution were called off, the Regions of England continue to be used in certain governmental administrative functions.  There have been proposals for the establishment of a single devolved English Parliament to govern the affairs of England as a whole. This has been supported by groups such as English Commonwealth, the English Democrats and Campaign for an English Parliament, as well as the Scottish National Party and Plaid Cymru who have both expressed support for greater autonomy for all four nations while ultimately striving for a dissolution of the Union. Without its own devolved Parliament, England continues to be governed and legislated for by the UK Government and UK Parliament which gives rise to the West Lothian question. The question concerns the fact that, on devolved matters, Scottish MPs continue to help make laws that apply to England alone, although no English MPs can make laws on those same matters for Scotland. Since the 2014 Scottish independence referendum there has been a wider debate about the UK adopting a federal system with each of the four home nations having its own, equal devolved legislatures and law-making powers.  In the first five years of devolution for Scotland and Wales, support in England for the establishment of an English parliament was low at between 16 and 19 per cent. While a 2007 opinion poll found that 61 per cent would support such a parliament being established, a report based on the British Social Attitudes Survey published in December 2010 suggests that only 29 per cent of people in England support the establishment of an English parliament, though this figure has risen from 17 per cent in 2007. John Curtice argues that tentative signs of increased support for an English parliament might represent "a form of English nationalism...beginning to emerge among the general public". Krishan Kumar, however, notes that support for measures to ensure that only English MPs can vote on legislation that applies only to England is generally higher than that for the establishment of an English parliament, although support for both varies depending on the timing of the opinion poll and the wording of the question.  In September 2011 it was announced that the British government was to set up a commission to examine the West Lothian question. In January 2012 it was announced that this six-member commission would be named the Commission on the consequences of devolution for the House of Commons, would be chaired by former Clerk of the House of Commons, Sir William McKay, and would have one member from each of the devolved countries. The McKay Commission reported in March 2013.

English votes for English laws.

On 22 October 2015 The House of Commons voted in favour of implementing a system of "English votes for English laws" by 312 votes to 270 after four hours of intense debate. Amendments to the proposed standing orders put forward by both Labour and The Liberal Democrats were defeated. Scottish National Party MPs criticized the measures stating that the bill would render Scottish MPs as "second class citizens". Under the new procedures, if the Speaker of The House determines if a proposed bill or statutory instrument exclusively affects England, England and Wales or England, Wales and Northern Ireland, then legislative consent should be obtained via a Legislative Grand Committee. This process will be performed at the second reading of a bill or instrument and is currently undergoing a trial period, as an attempt at answering the West Lothian question.

Greater London.

Within England, regional devolution has only extended to London where the Greater London Authority has greater powers than other local authorities.

Cornwall.

There is a movement that supports devolution in Cornwall. A law-making Cornish Assembly is party policy for the Liberal Democrats, Mebyon Kernow, Plaid Cymru and the Greens. A Cornish Constitutional Convention was set up in 2001 with the goal of establishing a Cornish Assembly. Several Cornish Liberal Democrat MPs such as Andrew George, Dan Rogerson and former MP Matthew Taylor are strong supporters of Cornish devolution.  On 12 December 2001, the Cornish Constitutional Convention and Mebyon Kernow submitted a 50,000-strong petition supporting devolution in Cornwall to 10 Downing Street. This was over 10% of the Cornish electorate, the figure that the government had stated was the criteria for calling a referendum on the issue. In December 2007 Cornwall Council leader David Whalley stated that "There is something inevitable about the journey to a Cornish Assembly".  A poll carried out by Survation for the University of Exeter in November 2014 found that 60% were in favour of power being devolved from Westminster to Cornwall, with only 19% opposed and 49% were in favour of the creation of a Cornish Assembly, with 31% opposed.  In January 2015 Labour's Shadow Chancellor promised the delivery of a Cornish assembly in the next parliament if Labour are elected. Ed Balls made the statement whilst on a visit to Cornwall College in Camborne and it signifies a turn around in policy for the Labour party who in government prior to 2010 voted against the Government of Cornwall Bill 2008–09.

Yorkshire.

The Yorkshire Devolution Movement is an all party and no party campaign group campaigning for a directly elected parliament for the whole of the traditional county of Yorkshire with powers second to no other devolved administration in the UK.  The Yorkshire Party is a political party campaigning for devolution to Yorkshire. In the 2019 European Parliament election in the Yorkshire and the Humber constituency it received over 50,000 votes (4% of the vote share).  Arguments for devolution to Yorkshire, which has a population of 5.4 million – similar to Scotland – and whose economy is roughly twice as large as that of Wales. focus on the area as a cultural region or even a nation separate from England, whose inhabitants share common features.

Northern England (as whole).

The Northern Party was established to campaign for a Regional Government for the North of England covering the six historic counties of the region. The Campaign aims to create a Northern Government with tax-raising powers and responsibility for policy areas including economic development, education, health, policing and emergency services. In 2004, a referendum on devolution for North East England took place, in which devolution was defeated 78% to 22%.

Crown dependencies.

The legislatures of the Crown dependencies are not devolved as their origins predate the establishment of the United Kingdom and their attachment to the British Crown, and the Crown Dependencies are not part of the United Kingdom. However, the United Kingdom has redefined its formal relationship with the Crown Dependencies since the late 20th century.  Crown dependencies are possessions of the British Crown, as opposed to overseas territories or colonies of the United Kingdom. They comprise the Channel Island bailiwicks of Jersey and Guernsey, and the Isle of Man in the Irish Sea.  For several hundred years, each has had its own separate legislature, government and judicial system. However, as possessions of the Crown they are not sovereign nations in their own right and the British Government is responsible for the overall good governance of the islands and represents the islands in international law. Acts of the UK Parliament are normally only extended to the islands only with their specific consent. Each of the islands is represented on the British-Irish Council.  The Lord Chancellor, a post in the UK Government, is responsible for relations between the government and the Channel Islands. All insular legislation must be approved by the Queen in Council and the Lord Chancellor is responsible for proposing the legislation on the Privy Council. He can refuse to propose insular legislation or can propose it for the Queen's approval.  In 2007–2008, each Crown Dependency and the UK signed agreements that established frameworks for the development of the international identity of each Crown Dependency. Among the points clarified in the agreements were that:  Jersey has moved further than the other two Crown dependencies in asserting its autonomy from the United Kingdom. The preamble to the States of Jersey Law 2005 declares that 'it is recognized that Jersey has autonomous capacity in domestic affairs' and 'it is further recognized that there is an increasing need for Jersey to participate in matters of international affairs'. In July 2005, the Policy and Resources Committee of the States of Jersey established the Constitutional Review Group, chaired by Sir Philip Bailhache, with terms of reference 'to conduct a review and evaluation of the potential advantages and disadvantages for Jersey in seeking independence from the United Kingdom or other incremental change in the constitutional relationship, while retaining the Queen as Head of State'. The Group's 'Second Interim Report' was presented to the States by the Council of Ministers in June 2008. In January 2011, one of Jersey's Council of Ministers was for the first time designated as having responsibility for external relations and is often described as the island's 'foreign minister'. Proposals for Jersey independence have not, however, gained significant political or popular support. In October 2012 the Council of Ministers issued a "Common policy for external relations" that set out a number of principles for the conduct of external relations in accordance with existing undertakings and agreements. This document noted that Jersey "is a self-governing, democratic country with the power of self-determination" and "that it is not Government policy to seek independence from the United Kingdom, but rather to ensure that Jersey is prepared if it were in the best interests of Islanders to do so". On the basis of the established principles the Council of Ministers decided to "ensure that Jersey is prepared for external change that may affect the Island’s formal relationship with the United Kingdom and/or European Union".  There is also public debate in Guernsey about the possibility of independence. In 2009, however, an official group reached the provisional view that becoming a microstate would be undesirable and it is not supported by Guernsey's Chief Minister.  In 2010, the governments of Jersey and Guernsey jointly created the post of director of European affairs, based in Brussels, to represent the interests of the islands to European Union policy-makers.  Since 2010 the Lieutenant Governors of each Crown dependency have been recommended to the Crown by a panel in each respective Crown dependency; this replaced the previous system of the appointments being made by the Crown on the recommendation of UK ministers.

Competences of devolved administrations.

Northern Ireland, Scotland & Wales enjoy different levels of legislative, administrative and budgetary autonomy. The table shows the areas and degree of autonomy and budgetary independence. Exclusive means that the devolved administration has exclusive powers in this policy area. Shared means that some areas of policy in the specific area are not under the control of the devolved administration. For example, while policing and criminal law may be a competence of the Scottish Government, the UK Government remains responsible for anti-terrorism and coordinates serious crime through the NCA.

In the United Kingdom, devolution is the statutory granting of powers from the Parliament of the United Kingdom to the Scottish Parliament, the Welsh Parliament, the Northern Ireland Assembly and the London Assembly and to their associated executive bodies the Scottish Government, the Welsh Government, the Northern Ireland Executive and in England, the Greater London Authority and combined authorities.

在英国,权力下放(英语:devolution),意指英国国会根据其所通过的法规把国防、外交外之部分内务权力(例如教育、医疗等),赋予苏格兰议会、威尔士国民议会和北爱尔兰议会决议、订立及由其下属相关行政机构即苏格兰政府、威尔士政府及北爱尔兰行政委员会执行决策。


Early life.

Todd was born to a Jewish family in Cleveland, and grew up in Lyndhurst and Pepper Pike, Ohio. He graduated from Hawken School. and the University of Pennsylvania. There he was a member of the Mask and Wig Club. He is from a Jewish family. He performed with local theatre groups in Ohio before college where he continued to preform, then moving to Los Angeles in 1995. He began there with acting and then moved on to writing, reviewing film scripts, then on to directing and producing. He earned a Bachelor of Arts degree from the University of Pennsylvania in 1995 where he was a member of the Alpha Epsilon Pi fraternity and The Mask and Wig Club.

Career.

Lieberman was Senior Vice President for International Finance at the production company Hyde Park Entertainment, which produced and co-financed films such as "Anti-Trust", "Bandits" and "Moonlight Mile". Lieberman established himself at the international sales and distribution company Summit Entertainment, where he progressed thanks to championing the independent film "Memento" and acquiring the rights to "American Pie".  In 1999, Lieberman was hired by David Hoberman to work for Mandeville Films. After a short hiatus, the two re-formed the production company as Mandeville Films and Television in 2002, with both serving as co-owners and company partners. In 2001, he was named one of the "35 under 35" people to watch in the business by "The Hollywood Reporter"..

Personal life.

Lieberman is married to former film producer Heather Lieberman (née Zeegen). Together, the couple have 2 sons Jasper and Isadore. He is a member of the Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences, the Academy of Television Arts & Sciences, and is a mentor at the Producers Guild of America.  Lieberman serves on the Creative Council of Represent.Us, a nonpartisan anti-corruption organization.

Filmography.

"All films, he was producer unless otherwise noted."

Todd Darren Lieberman (born February 20, 1973) is an American film and television producer. He co-founded Mandeville Films and Television with David Hoberman in 2002. Mandeville has produced several notable films, including "The Fighter", which won two Academy Awards in 2010, and for which Lieberman was nominated for the Oscar for Best Picture.

陶德·达伦·李柏曼(英语:Todd Darren Lieberman,1973年-2月20日)是一名美国男影视制片人,于2002年时与大卫·霍伯曼一同创办了曼德维尔影业。此外,他也曾担任过《神鬼叛谍》(2008年)、《爱情限时签》(2009年)、《燃烧斗魂》(2010年)、《布偶历险记》(2011年)、《僵尸哪有这么帅》(2013年)及《美女与野兽》(2017年)等多部电影的制片人。


Career.

Early Life in Argentina.

Becchio was born in Argentina's second-city of Córdoba located at the foothills of the Punilla Valley in the geographical centre of the country. As a child, he had a keen interest in tennis but football was his main passion; idolising legendary striker Gabriel Batistuta and following Buenos Aires-based Boca Juniors. In 2000 aged 16, he would make the 425 mile-move south to join the youth ranks at "Los Xeneizes" where he would be joined in his age group by the younger Carlos Tevez who would go on to achieve great success in European club football by winning Premier League titles with Manchester United and Manchester City. Life at Boca was a memorable experience for the teenager as he travelled to Europe to play in youth tournaments in Italy, Switzerland and Germany but it wouldn't be long before the opportunity to move to the continent on a permanent basis would arise.

Moving to Spain.

Real Mallorca offered Becchio the chance to move to the La Liga side in 2003. With opportunities at Boca limited, he agreed to make the move to the Balearic Islands where he was joined by his parents and younger brother Mathias after selling their family restaurant business in Argentina to support their son in Europe. Mallorca coach Héctor Cúper placed Becchio in the 'B' team where he scored five times in twenty-nine appearances. In his second season at the club, he signed for Ciudad de Murcia on a loan deal.  After two years at Mallorca, Becchio moved to the Iberian Peninsula when he signed for Catalan club Terrassa FC where he spent the 2005/2006 season before moving fifteen miles across the region to sign for reigning UEFA Champions League winners FC Barcelona. Becchio admitted that he would never have a chance of featuring for the first team but relished the opportunity to train with world class footballers such as Ronaldinho and Lionel Messi, whilst in the 'B' team he would compete with notable young prodigies including Bojan Krkić and Giovani dos Santos for a starting position. A year later, he would be on the move again; heading south-west to join Segunda División B team Mérida UD.  During the 2007/2008 campaign, Becchio finally found regular football with "Los Romanos" and repaid the faith shown in him by topping the division top scorer charts with twenty-two goals for the season, including a final day hat-trick versus CD Baza. Mérida finished fourth and qualified for the division play-offs versus Ponferradina but lost on aggregate over two legs. Becchio's performances during the campaign didn't go unnoticed however, as he became the most saleable asset for the debt-stricken club after being monitored by scouts from across Europe.

Leeds United.

2008–09 season.

In July 2008, he joined League One side Leeds United on trial aiming to impress manager Gary McAllister in pre-season friendlies against Shelbourne and Barnet. He was recommended to Leeds scout Gwyn Williams by former Spanish Newcastle defender Marcelino. On 31 July, he signed for Leeds on a three-year contract. He made his first start for Leeds in their 5–2 win over Chester City in the first round of the League Cup. He was given his first league start against Yeovil Town in a 1–1 draw; in which it took him just 25 seconds to score his first Leeds goal. He scored his second goal for the club in his first start at Elland Road in a 4–0 victory over Crystal Palace in the League Cup. The following week, he came off the bench to head home his third Leeds goal in the 2–1 win over local rivals Bradford City in the Football League Trophy.  During the 2008–09 season, Becchio only missed one match in all competitions, which was due to suspension. In a sequence of appearances which saw him start 24 consecutive matches – including the entire busy Christmas period and while deputising for the injured Jermaine Beckford – he scored nine goals. With the loan signing of Lee Trundle from Bristol City, and the January transfer window signing of Mike Grella, manager Simon Grayson publicly stated that Becchio would be given a short resting period so that he would be ready for the vital last few months of the season, although that never materialised as Becchio was insistent on retaining his place in the team. Grayson frequently referred to Becchio as Lazarus due to various points in the season where he would be injured but would make a remarkable recovery to be fit and ready for the next match. In the final game of the season he scored his 18th goal of the season in all competitions, which in turn contributed to the relegation of Northampton Town. His 19th of the season came against Millwall in the League One play-off semi-final, in which he rounded off a fine team move started by Ben Parker, with Beckford and Andy Robinson also playing vital roles. He scored 19 goals in his début season in English football at Leeds.

2009–10 season.

Becchio scored his first goal of the 2009–10 season in the 1–0 league win against Wycombe Wanderers. He had a goal incorrectly ruled out for offside in the League Cup tie against Liverpool; replays showed that he was onside as Beckford flicked on Ľubomír Michalík's headed pass. He missed the game against Milton Keynes Dons as his wife was due to give birth. Becchio and his wife welcomed their first daughter named Bianca who was born on 27 September 2009 at the Leeds General Infirmary. He picked up a serious ankle injury in the game against Charlton Athletic, when he stepped on the ball whilst controlling it from a high pass, and had to be substituted. Radio Leeds believed Becchio might have broken his ankle, although the club were waiting to have a second scan on his ankle after the swelling went down. The scan showed that he had suffered ligament damage to his ankle, according to Leeds assistant manager Ian Miller. Becchio did not play for the Leeds first team again until late November. In his absence Leeds signed Welsh International striker Sam Vokes on loan from Wolverhampton Wanderers until 2 January 2010 as cover.  On 25 November 2009, Becchio returned from injury and played in Leeds' reserve team game against Lincoln City, to help boost his match fitness. Becchio scored a goal in a 2–1 victory and also managed to get a full 90 minutes under his belt. He returned for the first team as a substitute in the FA Cup second round draw with Kettering Town. Two days later, he came on as a substitute against Oldham Athletic and scored his first goal since his long layoff, this his third of the season. He returned to Leeds' starting lineup in the league at the expense of Sam Vokes against Brentford. His fifth goal of the season was a header against Hartlepool United on boxing day, which took a heavy deflection.  Becchio played against Premier League team Manchester United when Leeds won 1–0 away at Old Trafford on 3 January 2010 in the FA Cup third round, but he picked up an injury and was substituted in stoppage time. Becchio struggled for goals for Leeds since returning from injury, with him being asked to play in more of a deeper strikers role to hold the ball up for the midfield. Against Tottenham Hotspur Becchio was dropped to the bench and replaced up front by Robert Snodgrass, although he later came on in the second half after replacing midfielder Michael Doyle as Leeds earned a replay against the Premier League side. Becchio's sixth goal of the season for Leeds came in the FA Cup replay against Tottenham, after Beckford's shot was parried by Heurelho Gomes and it fell into the path of Becchio who slotted it into the back of the net. Goals number seven and eight for Becchio came in the following game against Hartlepool. This was the first double he scored in a competitive match for Leeds.  Becchio disputably scored his ninth goal of the season with an injury time equaliser coming against Leyton Orient when his goal-bound shot was deflected in by Orient defender Charlie Daniels; the goal was credited to Daniels but Becchio said he felt the goal should be his as his shot was goal-bound. Becchio scored another two goals against Oldham, taking his tally to 10 goals for the season. He continued his fine goal scoring form when he scored his 11th goal of the season in the Yorkshire derby against Huddersfield Town, with the game finishing 2–2. Goal number 12 of the season came against Tranmere Rovers, with Becchio scoring with a diving header.  Becchio was substituted early on in the first half against Norwich City after being knocked unconscious after a clash of heads with Michael Nelson. Becchio's head also landed heavily on the ground which caused him to swallow his tongue. He was substituted by Mike Grella and due to the injury was ruled out against Swindon Town.  Becchio returned from injury for Leeds when he was named on the bench against Southend United and managed to score his 13th goal of the season in the 83rd minute after he replaced Beckford as a substitute in Leeds' 2–0 win. Goals number 14 and 15 came when Becchio scored a brace against Carlisle United. Becchio scored his 16th of the season with a goal against Gillingham in Leeds 3–2 defeat. Becchio's 17th goal came against MK Dons in Leeds' 4–1 win. Becchio played an instrumental part as Leeds were promoted to the Football League Championship after finishing in 2nd place in League One and thus earning automatic promotion.

2010–11 season.

Becchio started the opening game and scored Leeds' 1st goal of the Championship season against Derby County and slotted in an equaliser after a run by Jonny Howson, however Leeds lost 2–1. Becchio's second goal of the season came in Leeds' second match of the season in the League Cup against Lincoln City. Becchio scored his 3rd goal of the season in the match against Swansea City. Despite being dropped for the game against Doncaster, he returned to the side in the yorkshire derby vs Sheffield United as Leeds ran out 1–0 winners. Becchio scored his 4th goal of the season against Preston North End. Becchio scored his 5th goal of the season with a fine left footed volley and received the man of the match award against Middlesbrough. In the post match on-the-pitch interview with Sky Sports he also famously swore live on air stating that it was a "fucking unbelievable win!"  His sixth goal of the season came in the following game in the 2–1 loss against Leicester City. In November 2010 Becchio entered contract negotiations with Leeds over extending his contract. In the game against Hull City Becchio suffered a black eye after being elbowed by Ian Ashbee Becchio scored his 7th, 8th & 9th goals of the season with a 17-minute hat trick against Bristol City after coming on as a second-half substitute Becchio was praised by manager Simon Grayson after his thrilling quick fire hat-trick vs Bristol City, Grayson said that it was a great performance by Becchio and he is still young and can only get better. Becchio revealed that he was looking to sign a new contract at Leeds.  On 3 December 2010, Becchio won The Championship PFA Player of the month Award for November beating off competition from Adel Taarabt, Lewis McGugan, Scott Sinclair and Jay Bothroyd for the award. Becchio scored his 10th and 11th goals of the season when he scored a brace against Crystal Palace from 1–0 down. Leeds confirmed that contract talks with Becchio were ongoing and had only been delayed due to translation issues. Becchio scored his 12th goal of the season against Burnley.  On 18 December 2010, after the 2–0 home win against Queens Park Rangers which took Leeds to second place in the Championship, Becchio signed a new three and a half year contract with Leeds. "I'm very happy to sign," he told the club's official website. "I love the fans, we are doing well and we want to get to the Premier League." 1 January 2011, Becchio scored his 13th goal of the season with an injury time equaliser against Middlesbrough.  On 8 January, Becchio helped earn Leeds a 1–1 draw against Arsenal, Leeds went 1–0 up when Robert Snodgrass scored a second half penalty, Arsenal equalised in the 90th minute when Cesc Fàbregas scored a penalty. However, on 18 January, Becchio was injured and missed the second leg which Arsenal went on to win 3–1. Becchio returned to Leeds' starting lineup against Portsmouth and scored his 14th goal of the season, the goal also reached his 50th goal milestone for Leeds in all competitions. Becchio scored his 15th goal of the season against Norwich City. His 16th goal of the season came against Yorkshire rivals Barnsley, the game marked his 100th league start for Leeds. Becchio scored his 20th goal of the season against Watford in a 2–2 draw, however Becchio picked up an injury in the same game which caused him to miss all the remaining games left in the season. After doing some rehab on his hamstring injury in Spain, Becchio returned to light training for Leeds in time for the start of pre season training.

2011–12 season.

However, Becchio injured his hamstring again before a pre-season tour of Scotland. On 22 July, Becchio had surgery on his hamstring injury. The injury would rule Becchio out for a few months and meant he would miss the start of the 2011–12 season. After five months out injured Becchio returned to Leeds' first team when he was named on the bench against Crystal Palace on 10 September, he came on as a second-half substitute and scored his first goal of the season with a header in Leeds' 3–2 victory, the goal also marked Becchio's 50th 'League goal' milestone for the club. Becchio came on as a substitute against Bristol City on 1h September providing the assist for Ross McCormack's winning goal.  Becchio made his first start of the season on 20 September, coming into the side against fierce rivals Manchester United. After being used as a substitute due to the form of Andy Keogh and Ross McCormack. On 22 October 2011, Becchio thought he had scored a dramatic late winner against Peterborough United in a 3–2 win, however teammate Darren O'Dea was credited with the goal. After getting a rare start Becchio scored his second goal of the season on 29 November in Leeds' emphatic 4–0 win against Nottingham Forest.  During December, Becchio was linked with a move to fellow Championship side Middlesbrough. However, Leeds Chairman Ken Bates revealed he wouldn't sell Becchio to one of the clubs closest rivals in the same league. Becchio's third goal of the season came as a consolation in Leeds' 4–1 loss against Barnsley on 31 December 2011.  Becchio finished the 2011–12 season with his lowest goal tally for Leeds with just 11 league goals, however this was largely down to a hamstring injury suffered towards the end of the 2010–11 of the season, causing him to miss the following pre-season training and the first part of the subsequent season. On 4 May, Neil Warnock stated his belief that Becchio would come back a stronger player for the 2012–13 season and recapture his prior form with a full pre-season behind him.

2012–13 season.

Becchio scored his first goal of the season in the first game of the season against Shrewsbury Town in the League Cup on 11 August. Becchio scored his second goal of the season and his first in the league by scoring the winner in Leeds opening day victory against Wolverhampton Wanderers. Becchio scored his seventh goal of the season on 22 September against Nottingham Forest. Becchio scored his 10th goal of the season on 30 October in Leeds' 3–0 League Cup win against Premier League side Southampton to help Leeds advance to the Quarter Finals of the competition.  Becchio scored a brace against local rivals Huddersfield Town to help earn Leeds a 4–2 victory on 1 December. The goals were his 13th and 14th of the season. Becchio scored his 15th goal of the season against Premier League side Chelsea in the League Cup tie on 19 December 2012. On 22 December Becchio scored his 16th and 17th goal against Middlesbrough helping Leeds win 2–1.  On 1 January, Becchio scored his 76th Leeds United league goal, which makes him Leeds' 10th All-Time Goalscorer in the league, overtaking Arthur Hydes.  On 24 January 2013, Leeds announced that Becchio had handed in a transfer request after talks of a new deal broke down. A Leeds statement said Becchio was already the club's highest earner and his wage demands "were beyond a level we could support". On 30 January 2013, Becchio was revealed to be in talks to join Norwich City as part of a swap deal for Norwich's Welsh international striker Steve Morison who was in talks to move to Leeds United. Norwich manager Chris Hughton confirmed that he was hoping to complete a deal to sign Becchio as part of a swap deal for Steve Morison. Becchio scored 19 goals for Leeds in the 2012–13 season for Leeds before departing the club.  In total Becchio scored 87 goals in 221 appearances for Leeds in all competitions.

Norwich City.

On Transfer deadline day 31 January 2013, Norwich confirmed the signing of Becchio on their website on a three-and-a-half-year deal in a swap for striker Steve Morison, making their second incoming transfer of the January window. He was handed shirt number 19. He made his début away at QPR on 2 February 2013, coming on in the 87th minute as a substitute. He would subsequently make his first start the following match at home against Fulham on 9 February, playing the majority of the match but not scoring.

Rotherham United loan.

On 1 September 2014, Luciano sign for Rotherham United on loan until 1 January 2015.

Belgrano.

After being released by Norwich City at the end of the 2014/15 season when his contract expired, Becchio returned to his homeland Argentina to play for Club Atlético Belgrano in the Argentine Primera División. He signed a one-year deal. He resolved the contract in September 2015 due to injuries, with Becchio saying "I did not want to take the money from Belgrano, my dream was to play, and of course I didn't want to not play the game," he said, "I came to play here, as the injury will take me longer than the rest of the tournament. I can't do it, so I rescinded the contract. Then we'll see if I can go back once I've recovered".

Becchio returns to Rotherham.

On 21 January 2016 it was confirmed that Becchio had re-signed for English Championship side Rotherham United on a contract until the end of the season, to work under former Leeds manager Neil Redfearn.

Trial spells.

After leaving Rotherham, Becchio had trial spells at Bristol City and Coventry City.

CD Atlético Baleares.

On 12 January 2017, Becchio revealed on his official Twitter page that he had signed for Spanish side CD Atlético Baleares managed by Christian Ziege. On 24 January 2017, Becchio scored on his debut in a 1-0 victory over UE Cornellà. He helped the club reach the Segunda División B – Group 3 playoffs scoring 5 goals in 18 games.

CD Binissalem.

Becchio joined CD Binissalem and scored on his debut.

Coaching career.

On 17 January 2018, Becchio returned to CD Atlético Baleares as Assistant Manager to the Argentine Manager Horacio Melgarejo.

Personal life.

Luciano is married to Patricia Bosquet with whom he has three children. Their first born child, daughter Bianca, was born at Leeds General Infirmary in September 2009.  Becchio's boyhood hero was former Boca Juniors, Fiorentina and AS Roma striker Gabriel Batistuta.

Luciano Héctor Becchio (born 28 December 1983) is an Argentine retired professional footballer who played as a striker. He is currently the assistant manager of Segunda División B – Group 3 side CD Atlético Baleares.

路西安奴·比治奥(,1983年-12月28日)生于科尔多瓦,是一名已退役的阿根廷职业足球员,司职前锋。他现在是西班牙足球乙二级联赛球队巴利阿里竞技体育会的助理教练。


History.

"Hai Chi" was built in 1897 by Armstrong Whitworth in Newcastle upon Tyne.  In 1911, "Hai Chi" visited the United Kingdom to participate in the fleet review held to mark George V's coronation. It also visited Newcastle for an electrical refitting at Armstrong Whitworth. Due to the occurrence of the Torreón massacre in Mexico, its mission was extended to include a visit to the United States, Cuba and Mexico. On 11 September 1911, she was the first Imperial Chinese Navy vessel in American waters. While the ship was in Cuba, Mexico agreed to Chinese demands for reparations and action against the rebels, and the last leg of the ship's mission was cancelled. "Hai Chi" sailed home and arrived to a new government, the Republic of China having replaced the Qing empire while the ship was away.  "Hai Chi" served in the Republic of China Navy thereafter. In 1917 it was part of the fleet which joined Sun Yat-sen's Constitutional Protection Movement against the Beijing government. In 1923 it returned to the north, but in 1926 joined the Fengtian faction of Zhang Zuolin, in Manchuria. After the loss of Manchuria to Japan in the Mukden Incident in 1931, "Hai Chi" moved to Qingdao along with the rest of the Fengtian navy and became part of the ROC Navy's 3rd Fleet. In 1933, due to a dispute with the fleet commander over pay and expenses, "Hai Chi" along with two ships travelled south and joined the Guangdong navy. In 1935, due to a dispute with the governor of Guangdong province, "Hai Chi" together with another ship fought its way past a blockade to reach Hong Kong, and eventually to the capital Nanjing, where (as a compromise) they were nominally returned to the Third Fleet, but in reality came under the direct command of the ministry of defence.  The ship was scuttled as a blockship in the Yangtze River on 11 August 1937 to obstruct the Japanese advance in the Second Sino-Japanese War. Her main guns were dismantled before she was scuttled and installed in the river defences of Wuhan.

Hai Chi () was a protected cruiser of the Imperial Chinese Navy. She was at the time the largest warship in Imperial China with a displacement of 4,300 tons and was armed with two guns and a top speed of. She subsequently served in the Republic of China Navy, before being scuttled in 1937. The hull of the vessel was raised in 1960 and subsequently broken up.

海圻号巡洋舰是清政府在甲午战争后的舰队重建计划中向英国阿姆斯特朗公司购置的防护巡洋舰(又称穹甲快船)。1896年下水,1898年服役,1937年9月25日为阻止日军溯长江西进自沉长江江阴航道阻塞线上。1960年打捞出水后拆毁。


约翰·B·T·坎贝尔三世

Business career.

In 1985, Campbell became President and CEO of Campbell Automotive Group. In 1990, he became President and CEO of Saturn of Orange County. Campbell became Chairman and CEO of Saab of Orange County in 1999.

California Legislature.

Elected to represent southern Orange County's 70th District in the California State Assembly in 2000, Campbell won 60% of the vote in a five-way race to replace term-limited Assemblywoman Marilyn Brewer. Campbell was reelected in 2002 with 67% of the vote.  In the 2004 race to replace the term-limited Ross Johnson in the 35th State Senate District, Campbell won the Republican primary with 61% of the vote against fellow Assemblyman Ken Maddox, who received 30% of the vote. In the general election, Campbell won with 64%. Then-Governor Arnold Schwarzenegger, a close ally of Campbell, endorsed him in the race.  As a state Senator, Campbell served as Vice Chair of both the Business Professions and Economic Development Committee and the Labor and Industrial Relations Committee. He was also a member of the Budget and Fiscal Review Committee; the Energy, Utilities, and Communications Committee; the Environmental Quality Committee; and the Government Modernization, Efficiency, and Accountability Committee.

U.S. House of Representatives.

Party leadership and Caucus membership.

On June 17, 2009, Campbell signed on as a co-sponsor of H.R. 1503, the bill introduced as a reaction to conspiracy theories which claimed that U.S. President Barack Obama is not a natural born U.S. citizen. Campbell stated on "Hardball with Chris Matthews" that he believed that Obama was a natural born U.S. citizen and that he believed the bill would end the conspiracy theories surrounding Obama's citizenship.  On July 13, 2006, Campbell was one of 33 Republican House members to vote against renewing the Voting Rights Act for 25 years, mostly out of his objections to the bilingual ballots that the VRA mandated, which he and his fellow Republicans called an "unfunded mandate".  On December 15, 2010, Campbell was one of fifteen Republican House members to vote in favor of repealing the United States military's "Don't Ask, Don't Tell" ban on openly gay service members.  In 2011, Campbell voted against the National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2012 as part of a controversial provision that allows the government and the military to indefinitely detain American citizens and others without trial.  He sponsored the Put Your Money Where Your Mouth Is Act which would make it easier for taxpayers to make donations to the federal government. In 2010 Campbell signed a pledge sponsored by Americans for Prosperity promising to vote against any Global Warming legislation that would raise taxes.  Campbell is a member of the Congressional Constitution Caucus.

Political campaigns.

After Congressman Christopher Cox resigned to become Chairman of the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission, Campbell became a candidate to replace Cox in the 48th Congressional District Special Election, scheduled for October 4, 2005. Campbell received endorsements from most of the important Republican officials in the state but faced some criticism as his stance on illegal immigration was seen as being too lenient. He faced a strong third-party challenge from American Independent Party candidate Jim Gilchrist. On October 4, Campbell garnered 46% of the vote, below the 50% needed to avoid a runoff. He faced Democrat Steve Young, American Independent Jim Gilchrist, Libertarian Bruce D. Cohen and Green Bea Tirtilli in the December 6 runoff, which he won with 44% of the vote. Campbell was sworn in on December 7.  Campbell was re-elected to his first full term in 2006 with 60% of the vote. In 2008 and 2010, he was re-elected with 56% and 60%, respectively, of the vote. In 2012, he was re-elected with 59% of the vote.  In 2009, several watchdog groups claimed Campbell took $170,000 in campaign contributions from car dealers, and then introduced legislation exempting them from consumer protection laws.

John Bayard Taylor Campbell III (born July 19, 1955) is a former U.S. Representative, serving in Congress from 2005–2015. He is a member of the Republican Party. On June 27, 2013, Campbell announced that he would not seek re-election in 2014.

约翰·B·T·坎贝尔三世(John B. T. Campbell III;1955年-7月19日)是美国的一位政治人物。约翰·B·T·坎贝尔三世在2005年至2013年担任加利福尼亚州第45选区的美国众议院议员。他的党籍是共和党。他现在是一家游说公司的成员。他的父亲康尼·马克三世也是一位美国众议员。