2019冠状病毒病圣卢西亚疫情

Background.

On 12 January 2020, the World Health Organization (WHO) confirmed that a novel coronavirus was the cause of a respiratory illness in a cluster of people in Wuhan City, Hubei Province, China, which was reported to the WHO on 31 December 2019.  The case fatality ratio for COVID-19 has been much lower than SARS of 2003, but the transmission has been significantly greater, with a significant total death toll.

Timeline.

March 2020.

On 13 March 2020, the first case in Saint Lucia was confirmed. The patient is a 63-year-old woman with a travel history from the United Kingdom. The Department of Health and Wellness confirmed a second case on 14 March 2020. The patients were repatriated to the United Kingdom on 24 and 25 March.  On 20 March 2020, Prime Minister Allen Chastanet announced that Saint Lucia would implement social distancing measures, including the suspension of nonessential commercial activity from 23 March through 5 April. The government also imposed a 11 p.m. to 5 a.m. curfew. On 29 March, the Prime Minister extended the shutdown to 14 April and extended the curfew to 8 p.m. to 5 a.m.  On 23 March 2020, the Government of Saint Lucia declared a state of emergency and announced the closure of the country's airports to incoming passenger flights until 5 April.  On 27 March 2020, the Ministry of Health began local testing for COVID-19 and, on 29 March, it reported the first instance of local transmission among six new confirmed cases. The ministry also reported that 300 persons were under supervised quarantine.  On 29 March 2020, the government banned the sale of alcoholic beverages, suspending all liquor licenses and closing all bars.  On 31 March 2020, the Prime Minister announced a 24-hour curfew confining all persons to their place of residence from 5 a.m. 1 April to 5 a.m. 7 April. At the time of the announcement, persons were already under curfew meaning they could not make any arrangements for the new curfew.

April 2020.

On 1 April 2020, the Prime Minister announced that mini-marts and bakeries would be open for a limited time to allow people to buy goods. On 2 April, St. Lucians queued up in long lines outside the briefly opened shops, mostly ignoring the prime minister's calls to practise social distancing.  On 5 April 2020, the Prime Minister announced that St. Lucia would revert to a 10-hour 7 p.m. to 5 a.m. curfew from 7 April through 13 April. Essential businesses would be allowed to operate from 7 a.m. to 4 p.m., except during the Good Friday, Easter and Easter Monday holidays.  On 8 April 2020, a social stabilization program was announced for people who have become unemployed as a result of the coronavirus pandemic, or who are vulnerable, and an economic support package for businesses.
 Sarah Flood Beaubrun, Minister for External Affairs, announced that they working with the United States and Canada to return Saint Lucians stranded abroad.  On 12 April 2020, the government extended the 10-hour 7 p.m. to 5 a.m. curfew and partial commercial shutdown through 26 April. The government added hardware and home supply stores to the list of businesses permitted to operate to allow preparation for the drought and hurricane seasons.  On 21 April 2020, the first home nationals have been repatriated. The repatriants are eight employees of Norwegian Cruise Line who had been anchored on the coast of Barbados since 9 April.  On 22 April 2020, Chief Medical Officer Dr Sharon Belmar-George announced that all 15 of the country's confirmed cases had recovered, including those at high risk because of their age or preexisting conditions. All measures including the curfew will remain in effect for now, and Belmar-George warned against a resurge in the future. Prime Minister Allen Chastanet was asked about lifting the alcohol restriction. Chastanet will look in it, but wants to follow the advice by the Chief Medical Officer. On 30 April, Chastenet announced that the alcohol ban will not be lifted.
 The Cabinet of Saint Lucia agreed to cut their salary by 75% due to the economic crisis caused by the coronavirus and the loss of income from tourism. The government will meet on 28 April to deal with the loss of revenue.  On 24 April 2020, the Ministry of Health announced: "Though this 100 percent recovery rate provides us with a milestone worth recognizing, we at the Ministry of Health continue to caution the public that any gains attained should not be understood as a reason to let down our guard or to throw caution to the wind." Between 21 and 24 April, 60 tests have been performed all resulting negative.  On 28 April 2020, there are now 17 confirmed cases, of whom 15 have recovered. The two new cases are a 54-year mother who had been isolating since 4 March and her 20-year old son.  On 30 April 2020, the World Bank will provide US$10.5 million to Saint Lucia for their COVID-19 response.

May 2020.

On 2 May 2020, the Saint Lucia Diaspora Affairs Unit reported that 29 Saint Lucians abroad have died from COVID-19. 22 in the United States, six in the United Kingdom and one in Switzerland.  On 8 May 2020, the government partially lifted the ban on the sale of alcohol, allowing the sale of alcohol in stores.  On 18 May 2020, the Ministry of Commerce permitted businesses to resume full operations during normal business hours. Curfew hours were changed 9 p.m. to 5 a.m. Schools and cinemas remained closed and mass crowd events were still prohibited.  On 19 May 2020, Tourism Minister Dominic Fedee announced a phased reopening of Saint Lucia's tourism industry, starting with the reopening of borders to international flights starting 4 June.

June 2020.

On 5 June 2020, a 19th case was announced, a 33 year old female cruise worker that was among people repatriated.  On 12 June 2020, It was announced that starting June 15, as part of government's phased re-opening, the curfew would be adjusted from beginning at 9 pm to beginning at 12 am through 5 am; social gatherings would be allowed and those with licenses would be allowed to sell liquor.

Statistics.

Chronology of the number of active cases

The COVID-19 pandemic in Saint Lucia is part of the ongoing global viral pandemic of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), which was confirmed to have reached Saint Lucia on 13 March 2020. As of 4 June, there are a total of 19 confirmed cases, of which 18 have recovered and no deaths have occurred.

2019冠状病毒病圣卢西亚疫情,介绍在2019新型冠状病毒疫情中,在圣卢西亚发生的情况。


2019冠状病毒病纳米比亚疫情

Background.

On 12 January 2020, the World Health Organization (WHO) confirmed that a novel coronavirus was the cause of a respiratory illness in a cluster of people in Wuhan City, Hubei Province, China, which was reported to the WHO on 31 December 2019.  The case fatality ratio for COVID-19 has been much lower than SARS of 2003, but the transmission has been significantly greater, with a significant total death toll.  Namibia has a dual public / private health care system where the majority of people are served by state institutions. Prior to the coronavirus outbreak public facilities countrywide had 39 ventilators installed; an additional 10 were ready to be deployed to new locations. A further 83 were ordered due to the pandemic.

Confirmed cases timeline.

March 2020.

On 14 March, Namibia reported its first cases of COVID-19, caused by SARS-CoV-2. They were a Romanian couple who arrived in Windhoek from Spain via Doha, Qatar, on 11 March. They had been screened on arrival at Hosea Kutako International Airport but showed no symptoms at that time. The couple presented to a private health facility with flu-like symptoms in Klein Windhoek and was referred for testing. At that time, Namibia did not have the capacity to test for COVID-19, so tests had to be sent to South Africa. Their results came back on 14 March and was announced for the first time by the Minster of Health and Social Services.  On 19 March, a third case was confirmed. A 61-year-old German citizen, who arrived in Namibia on 13 March, was tested and tested positive for COVID-19.  On 23 March, the forth case was confirmed. It was a 19-year-old male citizen from London making it travel related (just as the previous 3 cases). The patient was quarantined and put in isolation.  By 24 March 2020, the total number of cases reached six when two more cases were confirmed. A Namibian pilot, aged 44 and a student studying at University of Witwatersrand in South Africa tested positive during quarantine. Although the 21-year-old student tested negative upon his departure from South Africa, he was tested again in Namibia and put under mandatory quarantine as per the Emergency Response plan.  On 29 March, 3 new travel-related cases were confirmed. 2 persons, a 35-year-old female and a 69-year-old male, travelled from South Africa and the other (33-year-old female) returned from Dubai. All were admitted to isolation facilities.  By end March, the total number of cases had reached 11, with all new cases being travel-related.

April 2020.

On 1 April, 2 new cases were confirmed - bringing the total to 13 cases.  On 2 April, 14 total cases were registered.  5 April 2020 brought about two new cases. 2 males - a 31-year-old student and a 46-year-old medical practitioner tested positive for the virus. Both their conditions were satisfactory.  From 6 April 2020 to 20 May 2020, no new cases have been recorded and the total remained at 16 confirmed cases

May 2020.

On 21 May, the Ministry of Health and Social Services announced 2 new confirmed cases. Both cases travelled from South Africa and did not show severe COVID-19 symptoms. Cases now stood at 18.  1 case was registered on 22 May 2020 - 19 total cases. Like many of the other cases, he also arrived from South Africa.  On 24 May, two new cases were confirmed in Walvis Bay. One sneaked out of quarantine, and the other one visited a public hospital.  By 27 May, there were 22 cases, with all of the new infections acquired abroad and detected during quarantine. Case number 22, the patient who is in critical condition, was detected on the 27th of May 2020.  On 31 May 2020, another positive case was announced - a 51-year-old who was on the same vessel as case number 22. Cases stood at 24 total.

June 2020.

Cases rose to 25 on the 1st of June when a health care worker, who travelled to South Africa, came back and tested positive upon her arrival in quarantine. The Romanian couple, who were the first two cases in Namibia, has recovered 79 days after their initial diagnosis.  4 new cases were registered on 6 June. This included 3 students who travelled together from South Africa and 1 case which is possibly not travel related as he got infected at a hospital.  On 13 June 2020, Minister of Health and Social Services announced another positive case, bringing the total to 32 cases. The female, aged 31 years old, presented to a health facility with flu-like symptoms. She does not have a travel history.  A total of 34 cases were registered on 16 June 2020 when 2 new cases were announced. One case is imported from South Africa and the other is a contact of case number 32. One new recovery was registered.  On 17 & 18 June 2020, a total of 5 new cases were registered which brought the total to 39 cases. Case number 35 is a male resident of Walvis Bay with no travel history, while case number 36 is a Malawian national who was quarantined on the 5th of June 2020. Both patients are in satisfactory condition. Case number 37 is a male student from Walvis Bay who started showing signs of COVID-19 on the 12th of June. Case number 38 is a female student who studies in England who travelled back on the 4th of June 2020. She initially tested negative, but just before her release on the 17th of June 2020, she tested positive. Case number 39 is a female resident of Swakopmund with no travel history or contact with a confirmed case. All three these patients are in stable conditions in isolation units.  The 19th of June brought about 6 new cases. The first was a 45-year-old male seafarer, a resident of Kuisebmond. He does not have any travel history and is not known to have contact with a confirmed case. All 5 other cases originated from Walvis Bay and are as a result of a cluster transmission in a close setting. Those infected ranged from a 10-year-old female to a 40-year-old male. The latter 5 cases were all as a result of contact with case number 32, who was infected on 13 June 2020. All 5 were put in isolation once they were confirmed to have been in contact with a positive case.  On 20 June, case number 46 was registered - a 31-year-old woman from South Africa. She was put into mandatory quarantine and tested positive during a routine test.  On the 21st of June, a total of 9 new samples tested positive in 24 hours; the highest spike yet. 7 out of the 9 tested positive at Kuisebmond, Walvis Bay. Included in the 7 cases were a 2-year-old and a 51-year-old. 3 of those cases are family-related cases to case number 35.The other two cases were detected in quarantine when individuals from India and South Africa respectively tested positive while in isolation, making them travel-related. The total confirmed cases rose to 55 cases of COVID-19.

Government preparation and responses.

Initial reactions.

Suspension of flights and state of emergency.

In a first reaction on 14 March, when the first cases were confirmed, government suspended air travel to and from Qatar, Ethiopia and Germany for 30 days. Later, on the 18th of March 2020, all ports of entry were closed from highly affected countries (i.e. most Schenghen countries). All public and private schools were closed for a month, and large gatherings were prohibited. This included celebrations for the 30th anniversary of Namibian independence that was to take place on 21 March. Libraries, museums, and art galleries were also closed.  On 17 March President Hage Geingob declared a state of emergency as a legal basis to restrict fundamental rights, e.g. to freely move and assemble, guaranteed by the Constitution. The prohibition of large gatherings was clarified to apply to 50 or more people.

Access to information, surveillance.

A COVID-19 communication hotline (0800100100) was established on the 15th of March 2020 which is run by the Ministry of Health and Social Services and the Centre for Disease Control of Namibia (CDC). The hotline serves to answer general enquiries of the public, assisting persons seeking guidance from the Ministry and reporting possible symptoms or cases of COVID-19.  The Government also announced on 18 March that it will strengthen their communication to the public via various platforms, such as the COVID-19 communication centre operated by NBC, in an attempt to "mitigate and refute misinformation, fear and panic especially from social media". The centre was fully functional by middle April 2020.  With the establishment of a multi-disciplinary Emergency Response team, the Ministry intensified their surveillance in monitoring the situation of COVID-19 in the country, especially at the borders of Namibia. The response team operates 24/7.  Mandatory screening at all points of entry has become mandatory. All Namibians returning from high risk areas were to go under mandatory quarantine for 14 days; all costs are covered by the Government.

Military field hospital.

A class two military field hospital was established at the Hosea Kutako International Airport to deal with persons identified with possible symptoms and as a quarantine facility.

Testing.

Before the confirmation of COVID-19 in Namibia, tests could not be done locally. Instead, samples had to be sent to South Africa for testing, which accounted for longer than usual waiting times. Namibian Institute of Pathology (NIP) started testing locally in Windhoek at the end of March 2020. In late April, private laboratory PathCare started testing samples. Namibia was hit by a lack of reagents at the end of April, which slowed down testing. Private testing at PathCare is expensive (about N$ 850) compared to state (NIP) testing which is free to the patient. At the end of April, 362 tests had been conducted, 206 by the Namibian government through the Namibian Institute of Pathology (NIP), and 156 by South African laboratories.

Lockdown stages.

Beginning 27 March, a 21-day lockdown of the regions of Erongo and Khomas was announced as per regulations of stage 1 (see below).  On 14 April the lockdown was extended to 4 May. It now officially applied to all regions, although the stay-at-home order had already been enforced countrywide. Some of the lockdown conditions were amended, such that now fishing counted as essential service, and open markets as well as informal trade were allowed to operate.  On 30 April, the easing of lockdown restrictions were announced to occur in 4 stages. Each stage will have an observance period of 28 days - twice the incubation period of COVID-19.

Return to normal.

Prior to the lapse of the lockdown a 4-stage strategy was developed to gradually ease restrictions: Namibia moved into stage 2 on 5 May 2020. The city of Walvis Bay was moved back to stage 1 on 28 May because two infected people came into contact with many local people. The rest of the country entered stage 3 on 2 June 2020. On 8 June the lockdown of Walvis Bay was extended to all of Erongo Region for 14 days.

Aid.

Diagnostic kits.

On 18 March 2020, Dr. Kalumbi Shangula, on behalf of the Ministry of Health and Social Services, received a donation of 1 000 diagnostic test kits from the Chinese Ambassador Zhang Yiming. This was to increase the testing capacity of COVID-19 in the country.  On 28 March, Namibian bank Bank Windhoek donated 500 reagent- and swop testing kits.

Financial.

On 21 March 2020, the Ministry of Health received a monetary donation from the Rössing Uranium Limited company to help fight the spread of COVID-19 in Namibia. Incident Manager, Mrs. M. Kavezembi received N$ 200 000.00 on behalf of the Ministry.

Impact on society.

Caused by ambiguous information from government, a short wave of panic buying ensued in the last week of March in the Erongo Region and selected shops in Windhoek.  Due to the lockdown, crime rates, road accidents and rape decreased significantly. Hospitals reported fewer admissions due to alcohol-related violence but went "back to normal" on the first day the alcohol sales ban was lifted again.  Several shops increased prices for hygiene products and fruits for private brewing. They are currently being investigated by the Namibian Competition Commission. An Emergency Income Grant was set up by government to distribute N$ 750 to every person that lost income or faces otherwise difficult conditions due to the lockdown. Over 800,000 people applied for this grant. 346,000 of them were paid by the end of April.  Many students expressed their concerns regarding the late reopening of schools. A change.org petition, labelled "Motion for schools to open earlier for grade 11s and 12s in Namibia" has gained over 2,500 signatures in an attempt to convince the Ministry of Education, Arts and Culture to open schools earlier.

The COVID-19 pandemic in Namibia is part of the worldwide pandemic of coronavirus disease 2019 () caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (). The Minister of Health and Social Services, Dr Kalumbi Shangula, announced on 14 March 2020 that the virus has reached Namibia. A Romanian couple constituted the two first cases and recovered after 79 days after their initial diagnosis.

2019冠状病毒病纳米比亚疫情,介绍在2019新型冠状病毒疫情中,在纳米比亚发生的情况。


Early years and studies.

Born in La Roca del Vallès, Spain on 5 May 1966, Illa is the son of Josep Illa, a worker at the Textiles and Embroidery factory in that municipality, and María Roca, a housewife who owned a small textile workshop. In addition, he has two brothers, Ramón and José María, both younger than him.  Illa attended Escola Pía School in Granollers and he studied in the University of Barcelona, where he received his Philosophy degree. He is Associate Professor of the Blanquerna School of Communication and International Relations. Illa also studied a master's degree in Economics and Business Management at IESE Business School, University of Navarra. He accomplished the compulsory military service, graduating as Alférez in a company of the Spanish Army Headquarters of Bruc, Barcelona.

Early political career.

He was elected councillor of the City Council of La Roca del Vallès in 1987 and he was appointed Councillor for Culture under Mayor Romà Planas i Miró. In 1995, he joined the Socialists' Party of Catalonia (PSC) and he became Mayor in replacement of the deceased Mayor. During his first term, La Roca Village was built, a shopping center that attracts nearly 4 million visitors each year.  He was ousted as Mayor after a successful vote of no confidence in early 1999, but he soon made a comeback as his party commanded a qualified majority at the June 1999 local elections. In 2009, he moved to the private sector, being CEO of the audiovisual production company Cromosoma, a position he held for nine months.  In September 2005, he was appointed Director-General for Infrastructure Management of the Department of Justice of the Regional Government of Catalonia. From 2010 to 2011 he was Director of the Economic Management Office of the City Council of Barcelona and Coordinator of the Local Socialist Group in the City Council from 2011 to 2016.

Iceta's confidence man.

In November 2016, PSC's leader Miquel Iceta appointed him for the position of Secretary for Organization. Illa was the highest-rank politician from among the PSC cadres who attended the "Prou! Recuperem el seny" ("") anti-independence demonstration in Barcelona on 8 October 2017 organized by Societat Civil Catalana.  He was part, along with Adriana Lastra and José Luis Ábalos, of the negotiating team of the PSOE that reached an agreement with ERC for their abstention in the investiture of Pedro Sánchez in January 2020.

Minister of Health.

On January 10, he was unveiled as prospective Minister of Health, in replacement of María Luisa Carcedo. He was appointed by King Felipe VI of Spain on January 13, taking oath before the Sovereign that day. Illa succeeded Carcedo in all the competencies relating public health affairs, but no in the competencies relating consumer affairs and social welfare.  The appointment of Illa, with no experience in the health area, was defined by the media as a "manager", and that its possible role in the government was not just limited to the health portfolio but to act as a channel of communication with Catalan independentism.

Coronavirus pandemic.

One of the first challenges faced by the minister was the outbreak of coronavirus in late 2019. In late January 2020, the Ministry of Health, in coordination with the Ministry of Foreign Affairs, started the process to repatriate around twenty Spaniards from China. On January 29 it was announced that they would be held into quarantine for 14 days in a military hospital of Madrid. In a joint operation with the government of the United Kingdom, they arrived to Spain on January 31 and they were discharged on February 13.  The first case of coronavirus in Spain was recorded on January 31, 2020 in the island of La Gomera, in the Canary Islands. The patient, a part of a group of five people was taken into observation after had come into contact with a German man diagnosed with the virus. Since then, multiple cases were recorded. In concrete, in order to avoid more contagions, on February 25 the health authorities put a hotel in Tenerife under quarantine with around 1,000 people inside. The first mainland Spain case was recorded in Barcelona that day. Likewise, that day, the minister convene an extraordinary meeting of the Interterritorial Council of the National Health System (the standing coordination organ between the regional and the national health authorities) for February 25, the second since he assumed the office.  On March 3, 2020, the health authorities announced that a post-mortem test proved that the first coronavirus death in Spain occurred on February 13, 2020. That day, the health ministry supended all medical conferences indefinitely to ensure the availability of all medical professionals and it recommended sports teams playing against Italian teams to be played without fans.  On March 10, the central government, led by the Health Ministry, adopted more serious measures. Among them, there were halting flights to Italy and banning large scale gatherings in Madrid, Basque Country and La Rioja (regions with high risk of contagious). This measures were complemented with other ones taken by regional governments such as shut down schools by the regional governments of Madrid, the Basque Country and La Rioja, as well as the suspension of the Fallas by the valencian government, after the recommendation of the Ministry of Health.  Following the health crisis caused by COVID-19, various media have reported that he has temporarily moved to live at the Moncloa Palace.

Salvador Illa i Roca (born 5 May 1966) is a Spanish politician who serves as the Minister of Health of Spain. He is also the Secretary for Organization of the Socialists' Party of Catalonia since 2016. Previously, Illa served as Mayor of La Roca del Vallès from 1995 to 2005.

萨尔瓦多·伊利亚·罗卡(,1966年-5月5日),男,西班牙政治人物。曾任拉罗卡-德尔巴列斯市长(1995年-2005年)。现任西班牙卫生大臣,加泰罗尼亚社会主义者党组织处书记。


Bidding process.

The Chinese Olympic Committee confirmed that Hangzhou submitted a bid, and is the only city to declare the candidacy in August 2015. Hangzhou was officially awarded as the host city on September 16, 2015 in Ashgabat, Turkmenistan, during the 34th OCA General Assembly.  According to the proposal, Ningbo, Shaoxing and Huzhou will also be the part of competition venues. The Games also enhanced the construction of several railways in the city, and shorten the travel to one and half hours.

Development and preparation.

Marketing.

Promotion.

A three-year countdown ceremony to the Games was held on 10 September 2019 at the Archaeological Ruins of Liangzhu City.

Emblem.

The official emblem of the games titled: "Surging Tides" was unveiled during a special ceremony at the headquarters of the Hangzhou Culture Radio Television Group on 6 August 2018 to prepare the city to succeed Jakarta Palembang 2018 as Asian Games host city.

Mascot.

Congcong, Lianlian, and Chenchen, known collectively as the smart triplets “Memories of Jiangnan" were unveiled online on April 3, 2020 as the official mascots of the Games, a male robotic superheroes that originated the Archaeological Ruins of Liangzhu City, the West Lake, and the Grand Canal.

Motto.

The official motto of the 2022 Asian Games: "Heart to Heart, @Future" was unveiled at the Tennis Centre of the Olympic and International Expo Park – nicknamed Little Lotus on 15 December 2019.

Venues.

44 venues will be used during the Games, which 30 venues are already existing in the city, 10 are under construction and another 4 venues are in the planning stage.

The Games.

Sports.

On 8 April 2019, the Olympic Council of Asia initially announced that the Games would feature 37 sports, including the 28 permanent Olympic sports to be contested at the 2024 Summer Olympics as well as events in other non-Olympic sports. 3 sports were added on 12 September 2019, making the total increased to 40 sports.

Participating National Olympic Committees.

All 45 nations who are members of the Olympic Council of Asia are expected to compete. Oceania countries may invite in some events which the Olympic qualification are through Asia.

External links.

The 2022 Asian Games (), also known as XIX Asiad (), will be a multi-sport event celebrated in Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China from 10 to 25 September 2022. Hangzhou will be the third Chinese city to host the Asian Games, after Beijing in 1990 and Guangzhou in 2010.

第十九届亚洲运动会(英语:Hangzhou 2022 Asian Games)将于2022年9月10日至25日在杭州举行,原定于2012年11月3日举行的亚奥理事会全体大会上连同2018年亚运会主办城市一并表决,但是因故延后。2015年9月16日在土库曼斯坦阿什哈巴德举行亚奥理事会全体成员投票,会上选出唯一候选城市中国杭州为2022年亚运会主办城市,成为继北京、广州后,第三个主办亚运会的中国城市。该届亚运会会徽为“潮涌”,吉祥物是一组名为“江南忆”的机器人。


Plot.

After a day at school, Ovi Mahajan – son of an incarcerated Indian drug lord – sneaks out of his house to visit a club, where he is kidnapped by police officers working for rival drug lord Amir Asif. Saju Rav, a former Para (S.F.) operator and Ovi's protector, visits Ovi’s father in prison. Unwilling to pay the ransom as it will hurt the prestige of Ovi's father, Ovi Mahajan Sr. orders Saju to retrieve his son, threatening Saju's own family.  Tyler Rake, a black-market mercenary and former SASR operator, is recruited by fellow mercenary Nik Khan to rescue Ovi from Dhaka, Bangladesh. Rake and Khan’s team prepare to extract Ovi, with his father's men set to pay them once Ovi is recovered. Rake rescues Ovi, kills his captors, and takes him to the extraction point, but his father's men intentionally fail to transfer the funds. Instead, Saju kills Rake's teammates to bring Ovi back himself to avoid any payment to the mercenary group. Learning of Ovi’s escape, Asif orders an immediate lockdown of Dhaka, securing all bridges out of the city.  Khan arranges for a helicopter to extract Rake outside the city and tells him to abandon Ovi as they will not get paid for Ovi's extraction contract. He refuses, haunted by memories of his own son, who died at a young age from lymphoma when he left. After escaping Saju and the corrupt police and tactical units, Rake fights off a gang of boys led by Farhad, a young criminal determined to impress Asif. Rake calls his friend Gaspar, a retired squad-mate living in Dhaka, and he and Ovi lay low at Gaspar’s home. Gaspar reveals Asif has placed a $10 million bounty on Ovi, which he offers to share if Rake allows him to kill Ovi. Rake refuses and fights Gaspar, who gains the upper hand but is fatally shot by Ovi.  Rake calls Saju and asks for his help, forcing them to team up to escape Dhaka. Rake draws attention away from a disguised Saju and Ovi as the two make their way through a bridge checkpoint, then follows to cover their escape. Khan and her remaining mercenaries approach from the opposite side of the bridge, as Asif watches from afar with binoculars. In the ensuing firefight, Saju is sniped by Asif's colonel, who is in turn sniped by Khan. Wounded, Rake instructs Ovi to run to Khan’s waiting helicopter. As Rake follows, he is shot in the neck by Farhad and, seeing Ovi is safe, falls into the river. Ovi, Khan, and the extraction team escape to Mumbai. Eight months later, Khan kills Asif in a men’s restroom. Ovi jumps into his school’s swimming pool and surfaces to see a man watching him.

Production.

On August 31, 2018, it was announced that Sam Hargrave would direct "Dhaka" from a screenplay by Joe Russo. In addition, Chris Hemsworth was set to star in the film. In November 2018, the rest of the cast was set.  Production began in Ahmedabad and Mumbai in November 2018. Filming next took place in Ban Pong, Ratchaburi, Thailand and plateshots in Dhaka, Bangladesh Tawhid Rike Zaman.  The cast stayed in Nakhon Pathom. Principal production ended in March 2019. The film's working title was initially "Dhaka" but was changed to "Out of the Fire", before the final title was revealed to be "Extraction" on February 19, 2020.  Henry Jackman & Alex Belcher compose the film score, who works together in 21 Bridges while the Russo Brothers producing the film. BMG has released the soundtrack.

Reception.

Viewership.

Netflix estimated the film would be watched by about 90 million households during its first month of release, the biggest premiere in the site's history.

Critical response.

On Rotten Tomatoes, the film has an approval rating of 68% and an average rating of 6.13/10, based on 187 reviews. The website's critics consensus reads: "Spectacular stunt work and an electric performance from Chris Hemsworth can't save "Extraction" from being dragged down by its aimless violence." On Metacritic, the film has a weighted average score of 56 out of 100 based on 35 critics, indicating "mixed or average reviews".  Rohan Naahar of the "Hindustan Times" praised the performances of Hemsworth and Hooda, and wrote: "Featuring one of the most stunning action scenes in recent memory... [the film] is breakneck and bonkers." "Entertainment Weekly"s Leah Greenblatt gave the film a "B" and wrote that it "mostly delivers what its swaggering trailer promises: international scenery; insidious villains; a taciturn, tree-trunk Aussie."  Writing for "Rolling Stone", Peter Travers gave the film 2 out of 5 stars and said: "Aiming for the fight poetry of the "John Wick" franchise, "Extraction" comes closer to a series of stunts strung together to look like an ultraviolent video game (think "Manhunt 2") in which the avatars are played by actual humans."  "Extraction" was criticized by several outlets as having "white savior" elements. "Variety" called the film "a white-savior version of "Man on Fire"," while Screen Rant said that the film's "regressive white savior elements" drag it down. In an overall positive review, Scott Mendelson of "Forbes" wrote: "Look, let's get this out of the way. Yes, director Sam Hargrave and writer Joe Russo's "Extraction"... is an arguably 'problematic' white savior flick but it’s also a solid action-adventure".  "The Daily Star" expressed concern over the representation of Dhaka, calling the representation "bleak and inaccurate". "BBC Bangla" also noted many complaints online about the inaccurate portrayal of Dhaka and Bangladesh in the film.

Sequel.

In May 2020, it was reported Joe Russo had been hired to write a sequel to the film, with the intention of both Sam Hargrave and Chris Hemsworth returning.

Extraction is a 2020 American action-thriller film directed by Sam Hargrave (in his feature debut) and written by Joe Russo, based on the graphic novel "Ciudad" by Ande Parks, Joe Russo, Anthony Russo, Fernando León González, and Eric Skillman. The film stars Chris Hemsworth, Rudhraksh Jaiswal, Randeep Hooda, Golshifteh Farahani, Pankaj Tripathi and David Harbour, and follows a black ops mercenary who must rescue an Indian drug lord's kidnapped son in Dhaka, Bangladesh.

《惊天营救》(英语:"Extraction")是一部2020年美国动作惊悚片,由山姆·哈格雷夫执导,乔·罗素编剧,改编自安德·帕克斯、乔·罗素、安东尼·罗素、费尔南多·莱昂·冈萨雷斯(英语:Fernando León González)和艾瑞克·斯基尔曼(英语:Eric Skillman)的漫画《英语:Ciudad》。主演包括克里斯·汉斯沃、邦卡吉·崔帕帝、兰迪普·弘达和大卫·哈伯。故事叙述一个菁英佣兵接下了一个营救人质的危险任务,但这也因此改变了他自己。


Seasonal forecasts.

Forecasts of hurricane activity are issued before each hurricane season by noted hurricane experts such as Philip J. Klotzbach and his associates at Colorado State University; and separately by NOAA forecasters.  Klotzbach's team (formerly led by William M. Gray) defined the average (1981 to 2010) hurricane season as featuring 12.1 tropical storms, 6.4 hurricanes, 2.7 major hurricanes (storms reaching at least Category 3 strength in the Saffir-Simpson Hurricane Scale), and an accumulated cyclone energy (ACE) index of 106 units. NOAA defines a season as above-normal, near-normal or below-normal by a combination of the number of named storms, the number reaching hurricane strength, the number reaching major hurricane strength, and the ACE Index.

Pre-season forecasts.

On December 19, 2019, "Tropical Storm Risk" (TSR), a public consortium consisting of experts on insurance, risk management, and seasonal climate forecasting at University College London, issued an extended-range forecast predicting a slightly above-average hurricane season. In its report, the organization called for 15 named storms, 7 hurricanes, 4 major hurricanes, and an ACE index of 105 units. This forecast was based on the prediction of near-average trade winds and slightly warmer than normal sea surface temperatures (SSTs) across the tropical Atlantic as well as a neutral El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO) phase in the equatorial Pacific. On April 2, 2020, forecasters at Colorado State University echoed predictions of an above-average season, forecasting 16 named storms, 8 hurricanes, 4 major hurricanes, and an ACE index of 150 units. The organization posted significantly heightened probabilities for hurricanes tracking through the Caribbean and hurricanes striking the U.S. coastline. TSR updated their forecast on April 7, predicting 16 named storms, 8 hurricanes, 3 major hurricanes, and an ACE index of 130 units. On April 13, the University of Arizona (UA) predicted a potentially hyperactive hurricane season: 19 named storms, 10 hurricanes, 5 major hurricanes, and accumulated cyclone energy index of 163 units. A similar prediction of 18 named storms, 9 hurricanes, and 4 major hurricanes was released by The Weather Company on April 15. Following that, the North Carolina State University released a similar forecast on April 17, also calling for a possibly hyperactive season with 18–22 named storms, 8–11 hurricanes and 3–5 major hurricanes.  On May 20, Mexico's Servicio Meteorológico Nacional released their forecast for an above-average season with 15–19 named storms, 7–9 hurricanes and 3–4 major hurricanes. The UK Met Office released their outlook that same day, predicting average activity with 13 tropical storms, 7 hurricanes, and 3 major hurricanes expected to develop between June and November 2020. They also predicted an ACE index of around 110 units. NOAA issued their forecast on May 21, calling for a 60% chance of an above-normal season with 13–19 named storms, 6–10 hurricanes, 3–6 major hurricanes, and an ACE index between 110% and 190% of the median. They cited the ongoing warm phase of the Atlantic Multidecadal Oscillation and the expectation of continued ENSO-neutral or even La Niña conditions during the peak of the season as factors that would increase activity.

Seasonal summary.

The accumulated cyclone energy (ACE) index for the 2020 Atlantic hurricane season, as of 03:00 UTC June 8, is 5.12 units. Broadly speaking, ACE is a measure of the power of a tropical or subtropical storm multiplied by the length of time it existed. It is only calculated for full advisories on specific tropical and subtropical systems reaching or exceeding wind speeds of 39 mph (63 km/h).  Tropical cyclogenesis began in the month of May, with Tropical Storms Arthur and Bertha. This was the first occurrence of two pre-season tropical storms in the Atlantic since 2016. The season's third tropical storm named Cristobal formed on June 1, coinciding with the official start of the Atlantic hurricane season.

Systems.

Tropical Storm Arthur.

On May 12, the National Hurricane Center noted an area of low pressure was expected to develop over subsequent days northeast of the Bahamas. Early on May 14, the NHC began to monitor an area of shower and thunderstorm activity over the Straits of Florida for development. The system moved generally northeast into the region of the Bahamas while steadily organizing, becoming the season's first tropical depression at 21:00 UTC on May 16. Another reconnaissance aircraft investigated the system several hours later and found supporting evidence for the NHC to upgrade the depression to Tropical Storm Arthur at 03:00 UTC on May 17. Featuring the formation of a pre-season tropical storm, the 2020 Atlantic hurricane season became the sixth consecutive season with a tropical cyclone before the official June 1 start date. The system managed to intensify slightly off the coast of Florida and Georgia. Even though the system was moving through the warmest waters of the Gulf Stream, the satellite appearance began to degrade as it neared the coast of North Carolina, plagued by dry air and moderate wind shear. However, Arthur reorganized early on May 18 and even strengthened slightly before making a close pass to the Outer Banks. Later that day, the storm moved into an area of higher wind shear, exposing its center of circulation and marking the beginning of its extratropical transition, a process Arthur completed by 15:00 UTC May 19, well east of southern Virginia.  Passing within 20 nautical miles of the Outer Banks, the storm caused tropical storm force wind gusts and a single report of sustained tropical storm force winds at Alligator River Bridge.

Tropical Storm Bertha.

On May 25, the NHC began to track thunderstorms associated with an elongated surface trough located over Florida and the adjoining Atlantic Ocean for potential development into a tropical cyclone, but did not expect formation due to strong upper-level winds. However, contrary to predictions, the system organized after moving northwards, which in turn was contributed to an increase convection and winds within the system. Based on NWS Doppler radar data from Charleston and buoy data, the NHC initiated advisories on Tropical Storm Bertha at 12:00 UTC on May 27. Bertha continued to strengthen despite its proximity to land. One hour after the first advisory was issued, Bertha made landfall on the South Carolina coast with winds of 50 mph (80 km/h). From formation until landfall, Bertha had an unusually small field of gale-force winds, stretching only 25 miles from the center. Bertha began to weaken rapidly once inland, becoming a tropical depression just hours after landfall. Bertha quickly degenerated to a post-tropical remnant over West Virginia at 9:00 UTC on May 28. Bertha quickly enlarged as became extratropical. Its remnants caused heavy rainfall and thunderstorms in the Great Lakes region before been absorbed by a larger extratropical system on May 29.  The precursor disturbance to Bertha caused a significant, multi-day rainfall event across South Florida, with accumulations of across several locations, and with a maximum 72-hour accumulation of in Miami. The city observed a 24-hour total of, more than doubling the previous daily rainfall record. In and around Miami, the rains flooded homes and roadways, especially in close proximity to canals. Some homes even reported partial roof collapses throughout Hallandale Beach and Hollywood as a result of the heavy precipitation. Local police in El Portal asked that the South Florida Water Management District open floodgates to relieve flooding in those canals. In Hialeah, several vehicles were stranded in flooded roadways, prompting several water rescues. Days of heavy rainfall prompted local National Weather Service offices to issue flash flood warnings, and sporadic severe thunderstorms prompted additional advisories. An EF1 tornado caused primarily tree and fencing damage in southern Miami, though several campers were also overturned. Gusts associated with the disturbance in Florida topped out at near Key Biscayne. Even as the system progressed north away from Florida, the outer fringes of Bertha contributed to stormy weather across the state on May 27, forcing the postponement of the planned Crew Dragon Demo-2 launch. In South Carolina, one death occurred by drowning due to rip currents. One death, a drowning, related to rip currents in Myrtle Beach and USD$200 million in damage were caused by Bertha.

Tropical Storm Cristobal.

On May 31, the NHC started to note that Tropical Depression Two-E in the Eastern Pacific, later to be known as Tropical Storm Amanda, would have the potential to redevelop in the Bay of Campeche. Amanda would then make landfall in Guatemala, its low-level circulation dissipating by 21:00 UTC that day. Its remnants moved north-northwest to the Bay of Campeche and began to re-develop over the Yucatan Peninsula. At 21:00 UTC on June 1, the remnants of Amanda redeveloped into Tropical Depression Three over the Bay of Campeche. The depression very slowly moved west over the Bay of Campeche and intensified into a tropical storm at 15:15 UTC June 2, and it was named "Cristobal". This marked the earliest third named storm in the Atlantic, beating the previous record set by Tropical Storm Colin which became a tropical storm on June 5, 2016. Throughout the remainder of the day, Cristobal's windfield became more symmetrical and well defined, and it gradually strengthened with falling barometric pressure as the storm meandered towards the Mexican coastline. Cristobal made landfall as a strong tropical storm just west of Ciudad del Carmen at 13:35 UTC on June 3 at its peak intensity of 60 mph (95 km/h). Cristobal moved very slowly inland, and it weakened back down to tropical depression status as the overall structure of the storm deteriorated while it remained quasi-stationary over southeastern Mexico.  The storm began accelerating northwards on June 5 as an arced band of convection began to develop over the northern and eastern sides of the storm. By 18:00 UTC that day, despite being situated inland over the Yucatan peninsula, Cristobal had reintensified back to tropical storm status. As Cristobal moved further north into the Gulf of Mexico, dry air and interaction with a upper-level trough to the east began to strip Cristobal of any central convection, with most of the convection being displaced east and north of the center. Just after 22:00 UTC on June 7, Cristobal made landfall over southeastern Louisiana. Cristobal weakened to a tropical depression the next day as it moved inland over the state. Cristobal, however, survived as a depression as it moved up the Mississippi River Valley until finally becoming extratropical at 4:00 UTC on June 9 over Iowa.  On June 1, the government of Mexico issued a tropical storm warning from Campeche westward to Puerto de Veracruz. Residents at risk were evacuated. 9,000 Mexican National Guard members were summoned to aid in preparations and repairs. Significant rain fell across much of Southern Mexico and Central America. Wave heights up to high closed ports for several days. In El Salvador, a mudslide caused 7 people to go missing. Up to of rain fell in the Yucatan Peninsula, flooding sections of a highway. Street flooding occurred as far away as Nicaragua. On June 5, while Cristobal was still a tropical depression, a tropical storm watch was issued from Punta Herrero to Rio Lagartos by the government of Mexico as well as for another area from Intracoastal City, Louisiana to the Florida-Alabama border, issued by the National Weather Service. These areas were later upgraded to warnings and for the Gulf Coast, the warning was extended to the Okaloosa/Walton County line.

Storm names.

The following list of names will be used for named storms that form in the North Atlantic in 2020. Retired names, if any, will be announced by the World Meteorological Organization during the joint 42nd and 43rd Sessions of the RA IV Hurricane Committee in the spring of 2021 (in concurrence with any names from the 2019 season). The names not retired from this list will be used again in the 2026 season. This is the same list used in the 2014 season, as no names were retired from that year.

Season effects.

This is a table of all of the storms that have formed in the 2020 Atlantic hurricane season. It includes their duration, names, landfall(s) – denoted by bold location names, damages, and death totals. Deaths in parentheses are additional and indirect (an example of an indirect death would be a traffic accident), but were still related to that storm. Damage and deaths include totals while the storm was extratropical, a wave, or a low, and all of the damage figures are in 2020 USD.

The 2020 Atlantic hurricane season is an ongoing event in the annual cycle of tropical cyclone formation. The season officially started on June 1 and ends on November 30, dates that conventionally delimit the period of each year when most tropical cyclones form in the Atlantic basin. However, the formation of tropical cyclones is possible at any time, as shown by the formations of Tropical Storms Arthur and Bertha, on May 16 and 27, respectively, marking the sixth consecutive year with pre-season systems. This also marks the first time since 2016 that two or more named storms developed before the start of the season, and the first time since 2012 that two or more named storms formed in the month of May. In addition, this is the first season in the satellite era to have three systems form before or on June 1, as well as being the season with the earliest third named storm on record, upon the naming of Tropical Storm Cristobal on June 2. The previous record was held by 2016's Tropical Storm Colin, which formed on June 5.

2020年大西洋飓风季泛指在2020年年内的任何时间,于大西洋水域所产生的热带气旋。美国国家飓风中心设下大西洋的热带气旋季为六月至十二月期间。 大西洋飓风季的编号为AL取L一字,并且大西洋的气旋命名机构为美国国家飓风中心(英语:NHC)。


Globally accelerated development.

After a novel coronavirus pneumonia was detected in December 2019, the genetic sequence of COVID-19 was published on 11 January 2020, triggering an urgent international response to prepare for the outbreak and hasten development of a preventative vaccine. The rapidly growing infection rate of COVID-19 worldwide during early 2020 stimulated international alliances and government efforts to urgently organize resources to make multiple vaccines on shortened timelines, with four vaccine candidates entering human evaluation in March (see the table of clinical trials started in 2020, below).  A vaccine for an infectious disease has never before been produced in less than several years, and no vaccine exists for preventing a coronavirus infection. As of April, CEPI estimates that as many as six of the 115 vaccine candidates against COVID-19 should be chosen by international coalitions for development through PhaseII–III trials, and three should be streamlined through regulatory and quality assurance for eventual licensing at a total cost of at least billion. Another analysis estimates 10 candidates will need simultaneous initial development, before a select few are chosen for the final path to licensing.  The vaccine effort is being prioritized for speed of rigorous clinical evaluation for safety and efficacy, financing, and planning to manufacture billions of doses, and eventual worldwide deployment and equitable access among developed and undeveloped countries. WHO, CEPI, and the Gates Foundation are committing money and organizational resources for the prospect that several vaccines will be needed to prevent continuing COVID-19 infection. The vaccines will require custom formulation, special packaging, transportation, and storage in all 200 countries with infected citizens. The WHO estimates a total cost of billion to develop a suite of three or more vaccines having different technologies and distribution to prevent COVID-19 infections worldwide.

International organizations.

Organizations have formed international alliances to expedite vaccine development and prepare for distribution, including the WHO which is facilitating collaboration, accelerated research, and international communications on a scale unprecedented in history, beginning in early May by raising.1 billion in pledges. The WHO also implemented an "Access to COVID-19 Tools Accelerator "for coordinating global vaccine development. The Coalition for Epidemic Preparedness Innovations (CEPI) is working with international health authorities and vaccine developers to create another billion fund in a global partnership between public, private, philanthropic, and civil society organizations for accelerated research and clinical testing of eight vaccine candidates, with the 2020-21 goal of supporting three candidates for full development to licensing. The United Kingdom, Canada, Belgium, Norway, Switzerland, Germany and the Netherlands had already donated million to CEPI by early

National governments.

National governments dedicating resources for national or international investments in vaccine research, development, and manufacturing beginning in 2020 included the Canadian government which announced million in funding for 96 research vaccine research projects at Canadian companies and universities, with plans to establish a "vaccine bank" of several new vaccines that could be used if another coronavirus outbreak occurs. A further investment of billion was added to support clinical trials in Canada and develop manufacturing and supply chains for vaccines. On 4May, the Canadian government committed million to the WHO's live streaming effort to raise

Partnerships and competition.

WHO Solidarity trial.

The WHO has developed a multinational coalition of vaccine scientists defining a "Global Target Product Profile" (TPP) for COVID-19, identifying favorable attributes of safe and effective vaccines under two broad categories: "vaccines for the long-term protection of people at higher risk of COVID-19, such as healthcare workers", and other vaccines to provide rapid-response immunity for new outbreaks. The international TPP team was formed to 1) assess the development of the most promising candidate vaccines; 2) map

Adaptive design for the Solidarity trial.

A clinical trial design in progress may be modified as an "adaptive design" if accumulating data in the trial provide early insights about positive or negative efficacy of the treatment. The WHO Solidarity trial of multiple vaccines in clinical studies during 2020 will apply adaptive design to rapidly alter trial parameters across all study sites as results emerge.

Partnerships, competition, and distribution.

Large pharmaceutical companies with experience in making vaccines at scale, including Johnson & Johnson, AstraZeneca, and GlaxoSmithKline (GSK), are forming alliances with biotechnology companies, national governments, and universities to accelerate progression to an effective vaccine. To combine financial and manufacturing capabilities for a pandemic adjuvant technology, GSK joined with Sanofi in an uncommon partnership of multinational companies to support accelerated vaccine development.  During a pandemic on the rapid timeline and scale of COVID-19 infections during 2020, international organizations like the WHO and CEPI, vaccine developers, governments and industry are evaluating distribution of the eventual vaccine(s). Individual countries producing a vaccine may be persuaded to favor the highest bidder for manufacturing or provide first-service to their own country. Experts emphasize that licensed vaccines should

Compressed timelines.

Geopolitical issues, safety concerns for vulnerable populations, and manufacturing challenges for producing billions of doses are compressing schedules to shorten the standard vaccine development timeline, in some cases combining clinical trial steps over months, a process typically conducted sequentially over years. As an example, Chinese vaccine developers and the government Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention began their efforts in January 2020, and by March were pursuing numerous candidates on short timelines, with the goal to showcase Chinese technology strengths over those of the United States, and to reassure the Chinese people about the quality of vaccines produced in China.  In the haste to provide a vaccine on a rapid timeline for the COVID-19 pandemic, developers and governments are accepting a high risk of "short-circuiting" the vaccine development process, with one industry executive saying: "The crisis in the world is so big that each of us will have to take maximum risk now to

Technology platforms.

In April, CEPI scientists reported that ten different technology platforms were under research and development during early 2020 to create an effective vaccine against COVID‐19. According to CEPI, the platforms based on DNA or messenger RNA, i.e. DNA vaccines or RNA vaccines, offer considerable promise to alter COVID‐19 antigen functions for strong immune responses, and can be rapidly assessed, refined for long-term stability, and prepared for

Vaccine candidates.

CEPI classifies development stages for vaccines as either "exploratory" (planning and designing a candidate, having no evaluation in vivo), "preclinical" (in vivo evaluation with preparation for manufacturing a compound to test in humans), or initiation of PhaseI safety studies in healthy people.  Some 194 total vaccine candidates are in early stages of development as either confirmed active projects or in "exploratory" or "preclinical" development, as of mid-June.  Phase I trials test primarily for safety and preliminary dosing in a few dozen healthy subjects, while PhaseII trialsfollowing success in PhaseIevaluate immunogenicity, dose levels (efficacy based on biomarkers) and adverse effects of the candidate vaccine, typically in hundreds of people. A PhaseI–II trial consists of preliminary safety and immunogenicity testing, is typically randomized, placebo-controlled, and at multiple sites, while determining more precise, effective doses. PhaseIII trials typically involve more participants, including a control group, and test effectiveness of the vaccine to prevent the disease, while monitoring for adverse effects at the optimal dose.

Preclinical research.

In April 2020, the WHO issued a statement representing dozens of vaccine scientists around the world, pledging collaboration to speed development of a vaccine against COVID‐19. The WHO coalition is encouraging international cooperation between organizations developing vaccine candidates, national regulatory and policy agencies, financial contributors, public health associations, and governments, for eventual manufacturing of a successful vaccine in quantities sufficient to supply all affected regions, particularly low-resource countries.  Industry analysis of past vaccine development shows failure rates of 84-90%. Because COVID‐19 is a novel virus target with properties still being discovered and requiring innovative vaccine technologies and development strategies, the risks associated with developing a successful vaccine across all steps of preclinical and clinical research are high.

Scheduled Phase I trials in 2020.

Many vaccine candidates under design or preclinical development for COVID‐19 will not gain approval for human studies in 2020 due to toxicity, ineffectiveness to induce immune responses or dosing failures in laboratory animals, or because of underfunding. The probability of success for an infectious disease vaccine candidate to pass preclinical barriers and reach PhaseI of human testing is 41-57%.  Commitment to first-in-human testing of a vaccine candidate represents a substantial capital cost for vaccine developers, estimated to be from million to million for a typical PhaseI trial program, but possibly as much as million. For comparison, during the Ebola virus epidemic of 2013-16, there were 37 vaccine candidates in urgent development, but only one eventually succeeded as a licensed vaccine, involving a total cost to confirm efficacy in PhaseII–III trials of about billion.

Non-specific vaccines.

Some vaccines have non-specific effects beyond the disease they prevent. Two existing vaccines are being tested to determine if either has a protective effect against COVID‐19.  Assertions have been made that COVID‐19 mortality has been lower in countries having routine BCG vaccine administered against tuberculosis, though the World Health Organization (WHO) has said there is no evidence that this vaccine is effective against the COVID-19 virus.  In March 2020, a randomized trial of BCG vaccine to reduce COVID‐19 illness began in the Netherlands, seeking to recruit 1,000 healthcare workers. A further randomized trial in Australia is seeking to enrole 4,170 healthcare workers.

Potential limitations.

The rapid development and urgency of producing a vaccine for the COVID‐19 pandemic may increase the risks and failure rate of delivering a safe, effective vaccine. One study found that between 2006 and 2015, the success rate of obtaining approval from PhaseI to successful PhaseIII trials was 16.2% for vaccines, and CEPI indicates a potential success rate of only 10% for vaccine candidates in 2020 development.  An April 2020 CEPI report stated: "Strong international coordination and cooperation between vaccine developers, regulators, policymakers, funders, public health bodies and governments will be needed to ensure that promising late-stage vaccine candidates can be manufactured in sufficient quantities and equitably supplied to all affected areas, particularly low-resource regions." However, some 10% of the public perceives vaccines as unsafe and unnecessary, refusing vaccinationa global health threat called vaccine hesitancywhich increases the risk of further viral spread that could lead to COVID-19 outbreaks.

Biosafety concern.

Early research to assess vaccine efficacy using COVID‐19-specific animal models, such as ACE2-transgenic mice, other laboratory

Antibody-dependent enhancement.

Although the quality and quantity of antibody production by a potential vaccine is intended to neutralize the COVID-19 infection, a vaccine may have unintended effects by causing antibody-dependent disease enhancement (ADE), which is associated with augmentation of virus attachment to its target cells, upregulation of proinflammatory cytokine secretion, and increased organ pathology. The

Causes of failure.

Vaccine failures result from various factors. Inadequacies of the vaccine itself can occur from incomplete technology efficacy (less than 60% efficacy results in failure to create herd immunity), ineffective vaccination route of administration (muscle vs. skin, oral, or nasal), or failed cold chain distribution or storage. Host-("vaccinee")-related determinants that render a person susceptible to infection, such as genetics, health status (underlying disease, nutrition, pregnancy, sensitivities or allergies), immune competence, age, and economic or cultural environment can be primary or secondary factors affecting the severity of infection and response to a vaccine. Elderly (above age 60), allergen-hypersensitive, and obese people have susceptibility to compromised immunogenicity, which prevents or inhibits vaccine effectiveness, possibly requiring separate vaccine technologies for these specific populations or repetitive booster vaccinations to limit virus transmission.  Vaccine developers have to invest resources internationally to find enough participants for Phase II-III clinical trials when the virus has proved to be a "moving target" of changing transmission rate across and within

Cost.

An effective vaccine for coronavirus could save trillions of dollars in global economic impact, according to one expert, and would therefore make any price tag in the billions look small in comparison. It is not yet known if it is even scientifically possible to create a vaccine for this virus, and it is not yet

Proposed "challenge" studies.

Strategies are being considered for fast-tracking the licensing a vaccine against COVID‐19, especially by compressing (to a few months) the usually lengthy duration of PhaseII–III trials (typically many years). Challenge studies have been implemented previously for diseases less deadly than COVID‐19 infection, such as common influenza, typhoid fever, cholera, and malaria. Following preliminary proof of safety and efficacy of a candidate vaccine in laboratory animals and healthy humans, controlled challenge studies might be implemented to bypass typical PhaseIII research, providing an accelerated path to license a COVID-19 vaccine.  A challenge study begins by simultaneously testing a vaccine candidate for immunogenicity and safety in laboratory animals and healthy adult volunteers (100 or fewer), something normally a sequential process using animals first. If the

Commercialization and equitable access.

Commercialization issues.

By June 2020, tens of billions of dollars were invested by corporations, governments, international health organizations, and university research groups to develop dozens of vaccine candidates and prepare for global vaccination programs to immunize against COVID-19 infection. The corporate investment and need to generate value for public shareholders raised concerns about a "market-based approach" in vaccine development, costly pricing of eventual licensed vaccines, preferred access for distribution first to affluent countries, and sparse or no distribution to where the pandemic is most aggressive, as predicted for densely-populated, impoverished countries unable to afford vaccinations. The collaboration of the University of Oxford with AstraZeneca (a global pharmaceutical company based in the UK) raised concerns about price and sharing

Sovereignty.

Favored distribution of vaccines within one or a few select countries, called "vaccine sovereignty", is a criticism of some of the vaccine development partnerships, such as for the AstraZeneca-University of Oxford vaccine candidate, concerning whether there may be prioritized distribution first within the UK and to the "highest bidder" – the United States, which made an advance payment of $1.2 billion to secure 300 million vaccine doses for Americans, even before the AstraZeneca-Oxford vaccine or a Sanofi vaccine is proved safe or effective. Concerns

Equitable access.

As many of the efforts on vaccine candidates have open-ended outcomes, including a high potential for failure during human testing, CEPI, WHO, and charitable vaccine organizations, such as the Gates Foundation and GAVI, raised over $20 billion during the first half of 2020 to fund vaccine development and preparedness for vaccinations, particularly for children in under-developed countries. CEPI had stated that governments should ensure implementation of a globally-fair allocation system for eventual vaccines, using a coordinated system of manufacturing capacity, financing and purchasing, and indemnification from liability to offset risks taken by vaccine developers. Having been created to monitor fair distribution of infectious disease vaccines to low- and middle-income countries, CEPI published guidelines in June for equitable distribution of COVID-19 vaccines: 1) "prices for vaccines will be set as low as possible for

Liability.

On 4 February 2020, US Secretary of Health and Human Services Alex Azar published a notice of declaration under the Public Readiness and Emergency Preparedness Act for medical countermeasures against COVID‐19, covering "any vaccine, used to treat, diagnose,

History.

Vaccines have been produced against several animal diseases caused by coronaviruses, including infectious bronchitis virus in birds, canine coronavirus, and feline coronavirus.  Previous projects to develop vaccines for viruses in the family "Coronaviridae" that affect humans have been aimed at severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) and Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS). Vaccines against SARS and MERS have been tested in non-human animal models.  For SARS, as of 2020 there is no cure or protective vaccine that

Misinformation.

Social media posts have promoted a conspiracy theory that a COVID-19 vaccine is already available. The patents cited by various social media posts have references to existing patents for genetic sequences and vaccines for other strains such as the SARS coronavirus, but not for COVID-19.  On 21 May 2020, the FDA made public the cease-and-desist notice it had sent to North Coast Biologics, a Seattle-based company that had been selling a purported "nCoV19 spike protein vaccine".

A COVID-19 vaccine is a hypothetical vaccine against coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19). Although no vaccine has completed clinical trials, there are multiple efforts in progress to develop such a vaccine. In February 2020, the World Health Organization (WHO) said it did not expect a vaccine against severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), the causative virus, to become available in less than 18 months. Previous attempts to develop a vaccine against the coronavirus diseases, SARS and MERS, established considerable knowledge about the structure and function of coronaviruseswhich accelerated rapid development during early 2020 of varied technology platforms for a COVID-19 vaccinebut all the previous coronavirus vaccine candidates failed in early-stage clinical trials, with none being advanced to licensing.

2019冠状病毒病疫苗是一种尚处在试验阶段的针对2019冠状病毒病(COVID-19)的疫苗。目前已经有多种研发这种疫苗的尝试正在进行,尽管暂时没有疫苗完成临床试验。2020年2月下旬,世界卫生组织表示,他们不期待在未来18个月内有可用的疫苗被研发出来。截至2020年3月上旬,已经有大约30种候选疫苗正在研发。


Premise.

Based on the story of the Chicago Seven, a group of seven defendants charged by the federal government with conspiracy, inciting to riot, and other charges related to anti-Vietnam War and countercultural protests that took place in Chicago, Illinois, on the occasion of the 1968 Democratic National Convention.

Production.

In 2007, writer Aaron Sorkin wrote a script entitled "The Trial of the Chicago 7", based on the conspiracy trial of the so-called Chicago 7. Producers Steven Spielberg, Walter F. Parkes, and Laurie MacDonald collaborated on the development of Sorkin's script, with Spielberg intending to direct the film. Sacha Baron Cohen was originally cast as Abbie Hoffman, while Spielberg approached Will Smith for the role of Bobby Seale, and planned to meet with Heath Ledger about playing Tom Hayden. The Writers Guild of America strike, which started in November 2007 and lasted 100 days, delayed filming and the project was suspended. Sorkin was later to continue to rewrite the script for Spielberg, and the director intended to mostly cast unknowns to keep the budget down. Paul Greengrass and Ben Stiller were rumored as replacement directors, but the project did not move forward.  In October 2018, Sorkin was announced as director. In December 2018, the film was put on hold due to budgetary concerns, until it was revived and ready for distribution offers. Paramount Pictures ended up picking up distribution rights.

Casting.

In October 2018, Baron Cohen and Eddie Redmayne joined the cast. In November 2018, Jonathan Majors joined the cast. In February 2019, Seth Rogen, Joseph Gordon-Levitt and Alex Sharp joined the cast. Michael Keaton was also being considered for a role. In August, Frank Langella and Mark Rylance were added to the cast. In September, Jeremy Strong was cast, replacing Rogen. In October, Yahya Abdul-Mateen II joined the cast to replace Majors, with Kelvin Harrison Jr., Keaton, William Hurt, J. C. MacKenzie, Thomas Middleditch, Max Adler and Ben Shenkman joining the cast.

Filming.

Principal production was set to begin in September 2019, but began the next month in October between Chicago and New Jersey. Filming in Morris County, New Jersey took place in Hennessy Hall, affectionately known as "The Mansion," on Fairleigh Dickinson University's Florham Campus and Hyland Hall (located within Henderson Hall), Grant Park in Chicago, and at Santa Maria at College of Saint Elizabeth.

Release.

Paramount Pictures has the film scheduled to begin a limited theatrical release on September 25, 2020, before going wide on October 16, 2020. In June 2020, it was reported Netflix was in negotiations to acquire distribution rights to the film.

The Trial of the Chicago 7 is an upcoming American crime drama film written and directed by Aaron Sorkin. The film features an ensemble cast including Sacha Baron Cohen, Eddie Redmayne, Yahya Abdul-Mateen II, Jeremy Strong, Joseph Gordon-Levitt, Alex Sharp, Thomas Middleditch, Frank Langella, William Hurt, Michael Keaton, and Mark Rylance.

《芝加哥七人案》(英语:"The Trial of the Chicago 7")是一部预定于2020年上映的美国剧情片,由艾伦·索金编剧和执导。电影改编自1968年同名真人真事。主演包括萨夏·拜伦·柯恩、艾迪·瑞德曼、叶海亚·阿巴杜-马汀二世、杰瑞米·史壮 (演员)、乔瑟夫·高登-李维、艾力克斯·夏普、法兰·朗基拿和马克·劳伦斯。


2019冠状病毒病法属波利尼西亚疫情

Background.

On 12 January 2020, the World Health Organization (WHO) confirmed that a novel coronavirus was the cause of a respiratory illness in a cluster of people in Wuhan City, Hubei Province, China, which was reported to the WHO on 31 December 2019.  The case fatality ratio for COVID-19 has been much lower than SARS of 2003, but the transmission has been significantly greater, with a significant total death toll.

Timeline.

March 2020.

On 11 March, the first case of COVID-19 in French Polynesia was confirmed. The first patient was Maina Sage, a member of the French National Assembly.  The number of cases reported rose to three on 13 March.  The other new coronavirus case concerns a Swiss tourist who fell ill on the atoll of Fakarava in the Tuamotus. According to Tahiti Nui Television, the tourist had also arrived in French Polynesia the previous weekend. The individual has been flown back to Tahiti where tests confirmed his infection. Meanwhile, French Polynesia has suspended cruise ship tourism for a month. The government has issued a statement saying ships bound for French Polynesia are to be routed to the next international port of their choice. Ships within French Polynesia's territorial waters are directed to head to Papeete for passengers to disembark and to be repatriated. Before docking, the passengers' health status has to be reported to authorities.  Three new cases were confirmed on 18 March, and five on 19 March.  On 20 March, a mandatory lock-down was announced, starting at midnight.  Starting on 24 March, alcoholic beverages are forbidden from being sold.  On 27 March 2020, the French High Commissioner Dominique Sorain and the French Polynesian President jointly announced that a curfew would be imposed, lasting from 8pm to 5am the next day, starting this day until 15 April.

May 2020.

On the 19th, the Ministry has reported that all 60 cases have recovered, they've declared themselves Covid-Free, but will remain vigilant. On May 21st, residents can travel to other island without needing to take a test, however there will still be 2 week quarantine order for arrivals.

The COVID-19 pandemic was confirmed to have reached the French overseas collectivity of French Polynesia in March 2020. As of 17 April, cases are confined to Tahiti and Moorea.

2019冠状病毒病法属波利尼西亚疫情,介绍在2019新型冠状病毒疫情中,在法属波利尼西亚发生的情况。


History.

Lazada Group was founded in 2012 by Maximilian Bittner with the backing of Rocket Internet with the intention of establishing the Amazon.com business model in Southeast Asia to take advantage of the nascent online consumer market and Amazon's weak presence there; Rocket is a German incubator that builds companies that copy the business models of successful US tech companies in emerging markets. Lazada's e-commerce websites soft launched in 2012. It raised four rounds of funding in 2012 and early 2013: JP Morgan invested an undisclosed amount in September, Swedish retailer Kinnevik invested $40 million in November, German private equity firm Summit Partners invested $26 million in December, and Tengelmann invested about $20 million in January 2013. It also added a 2-day guaranteed delivery services, addressing one of the most common complaints about Lazada's service, and one of its biggest challenges, which it had attempted to address by making a "massive, incalculable investment" in warehouses and delivery services.  In June 2013, Lazada announced it had raised an additional $100 million, and it launched mobile applications for Android and iOS devices. In December 2013, it raised an additional $250 million from Tesco PLC, Access Industries, and other existing investors.  In May 2014, Lazada launched in Singapore.  In November 2014, Temasek Holdings in Singapore led a funding round of $250 million, bringing the total Lazada had raised to approximately $647 million. Also that month, Lazada announced that its marketplace platform accounted for more than 65% of its overall sales, and that the number of third-party sellers on the platform had increased from ~500 in November 2013, to close to 10,000 in December 2014. The number of employees across the region reached approximately 4,000.  For 2014, Lazada's net operating losses were $152.5 million on net revenues of $154.3 million. However, its percentage of losses relative to its Gross Merchandise Volume - the value of all the products sold through the site - was smaller in 2014 than in 2013 due to growth in its GMV from $95 million in 2013 to $384 million in 2014, driven by marketplace sales.  In 2015, Lazada's challenges for growth were the preference for brick and mortar shopping among customers, with just about 1% of people buying online compared to 10% of International shoppers; the lack of credit cards and concomitant requirement to arrange cash on delivery systems, reliable delivery especially in rural regions, and the threat of competition from Amazon and Alibaba.  In March 2016, Lazada claimed it recorded a total of $1.36 billion in annual GMV across its six markets in Southeast Asia, making it the largest e-commerce player.  In April 2016, Alibaba Group announced that it intended to acquire a controlling interest in Lazada by paying $500 million for new shares and buying $500M worth of shares from existing investors. The British supermarket company Tesco confirmed the sale of 8.6% of its holding in Lazada to Alibaba for $129 million. Alibaba gave the following reasons for its investment: the market in South-East Asia has growing middle class income populations, estimated at that time to be around 190 million people in the region with a disposable income of $16-$100 a day, and this was expected to grow to 400 million people in 2020.  In June 2017, Alibaba Group increased its investment in p by an additional $1 billion, raising its stake from 51% to 83%. Alibaba invested another $2 billion into Lazada in March 2018, and replaced Lazada's CEO with Alibaba executive Lucy Peng.  In December 2018, Peng was replaced by Pierre Poignant as CEO of Lazada, with Peng taking the role of executive chairwoman.

Lazada Group is an international e-commerce company founded by Maximilian Bittner with the backing of Rocket Internet in 2012, and owned by Alibaba Group. In 2014, Lazada Group operated sites in multiple countries and had raised approximately US$647 million over several investment rounds from its investors such as Tesco, Temasek Holdings, Summit Partners, JPMorgan Chase, Investment AB Kinnevik and Rocket Internet.

来赞达(Lazada Group)是2012年成立的一家电子商务公司,在东南亚经营网上购物平台,2016年被阿里巴巴收购。2018年时它是东南亚最大的电商。


Early life and education.

Lisa Tzwu-Fang Su was born in Taiwan in the coastal city of Tainan, in November of 1969, to Taiwanese parents Chun-Hwai Su (蘇春槐) and Sandy Su (羅淑雅) and immigrated to the United States around the age of 3. Both she and her brother were encouraged to study math and science as children, and she was seven when her father – a retired statistician – began quizzing her on multiplication tables. Her mother, an accountant who later became an entrepreneur, introduced her to business concepts. At a young age, Su aspired to be an engineer, explaining "I just had a great curiosity about how things worked". She was 10 when she began taking apart and then fixing her brother's remote control cars, and she owned her first computer in junior high school, an Apple II. She attended the Bronx High School of Science in New York City, graduating in 1986.  Su began attending the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) in the fall of 1986, intending to major in either electrical engineering or computer science. She settled on electrical engineering, recollecting that it seemed like the most difficult major. During her freshman year she worked as an undergrad research assistant "manufacturing test silicon wafers for graduate students" through the Undergraduate Research Opportunities Program (UROP). The project, as well as her summer jobs at Analog Devices, fueled her interest in semiconductors. She remained focused on the topic for the remainder of her education, spending much of her time in labs designing and adjusting products. After earning her bachelor's degree in electrical engineering, she obtained her master's degree from MIT in 1991. From 1990 to 1994 she studied for her PhD under MIT advisor Dimitri Antoniadis. "MIT Technology Review" reports that as a doctoral candidate, Su was "one of the first researchers to look into silicon-on-insulator (SOI) technology, a then unproven technique for increasing transistors' efficiency by building them atop layers of an insulating material". She graduated with her PhD in electrical engineering from MIT in 1994. Her PhD thesis was titled "Extreme-submicrometer silicon-on-insulator (SOI) MOSFETs."

Career.

1994–1999: Texas Instruments and IBM R&D.

In June 1994, Su became a member of the technical staff at Texas Instruments, working in the company's Semiconductor Process and Device Center (SPDC) until February 1995. That month, IBM hired Su as a research staff member specializing in device physics, and she was appointed vice president of IBM's semiconductor research and development center. During her time at IBM, Su played a "critical role" in developing the "recipe" to make copper connections work with semiconductor chips instead of aluminum, "solving the problem of preventing copper impurities from contaminating the devices during production". Working with various IBM design teams on the details of the device, Su explained, "my specialty was not in copper, but I migrated to where the problems were". The copper technology was launched in 1998, resulting in new industry standards and chips that were up to 20% faster than the conventional versions.

2000–2007: IBM Emerging Products division.

In 2000, Su was given a year-long assignment as the technical assistant for Lou Gerstner, IBM's CEO. She subsequently took on the role of director of emerging projects, stating that "I was basically director of myself – there was no one else in the group". As head and founder of IBM's Emerging Products division, she ran a startup company and soon hired 10 employees to focus on biochips and "low-power and broadband semiconductors". Their first product was a microprocessor that improved battery life in phones and other handheld devices. "MIT Technology Review" named her a "Top Innovator Under 35" in 2001, in part due to her work with Emerging Products. Also through the division, she represented IBM in a collaboration to create next-generation chips with Sony and Toshiba. Ken Kutaragi charged the collaboration with "improving the performance of game machine processors by a factor of 1,000", and Su's team eventually came up with the idea for a nine-processor chip, which later became the Cell microprocessor used to power devices such as the Sony PlayStation 3. As of 2006, she continued to serve as vice president of the semiconductor research and development center at IBM, holding the role until May 2007.

2007–2011: Freescale Semiconductor.

Su joined Freescale Semiconductor in June 2007 as chief technology officer (CTO), heading the company's research and development until August 2009. From September 2008 until December 2011, she served as senior vice president and general manager of Freescale's networking and multimedia group, and was responsible for global strategy, marketing, and engineering for the company's embedded communications and applications processor business. As head of the company's networking-chip business, "EE Times" credited her with helping Freescale get "its house in order", with the company filing for an IPO in 2011.

2012–2014: AMD appointments.

Su became senior vice president and general manager at Advanced Micro Devices (AMD) in January 2012, overseeing the company's global business units and the "end-to-end business execution" of AMD's products. Over the next two years she "played a prominent role" in pushing the company to diversify beyond the PC market, including working with Microsoft and Sony to place AMD chips in Xbox One and PS4 game consoles.  On the 8th October 2014, AMD announced Su's appointment to president and CEO, replacing Rory Read. Su stated that her plan for the company involved focusing on making the "right technology investments", streamlining the product line, and continuing to diversify, also asserting that she wanted to "simplify" the company and accelerate the development of new technology. A number of analysts praised the appointment due to Su's credentials, noting AMD was seeking growth in product areas where Su had "extensive experience".

2015–2016: AMD diversification.

By February 2015, roughly 40 percent of AMD's sales came from non-PC markets, such as video game consoles and embedded devices. When Su joined AMD in 2012, about 10 percent of sales came from non-PC products. In May 2015, Su and other AMD executives presented a long-term strategy for the company to focus on developing high-performance computing and graphics technologies for three growth areas: gaming, datacenter, and "immersive platforms" markets.  In January 2016, Su announced that AMD was working on new FinFET-based chips to create a new line of microprocessors, products, accelerated processing units (APUs), graphics chips, and semi-custom chip designs for unreleased video game consoles. AMD's share value spiked in July 2016, when AMD reported strong revenue growth. "Fortune" attributed the "impressive" statistic to Su, stating she "continues to execute on her comeback plan... key gains in graphics and video gaming console chips have boosted results as well as a savvy deal to license server chip designs in China".

2017–present: Ryzen.

After the initial launch of Zen chips in quarter two 2017, AMD's percentage of the CPU market share surged to nearly 11%. Ryzen CPUs have received favorable reviews from a variety of news outlets, specifically highlighting their high thread counts at prices drastically lower than those of Intel's, especially in the high-performance computing market with AMD's Ryzen Threadripper line of workstation processors. Su is the first woman ever to top The Associated Press’ annual survey of CEO compensation: Her 2019 pay package was valued at $58.5 million.

Directorships and authorship.

She currently serves on the boards of Analog Devices, Cisco Systems, Inc., the Global Semiconductor Alliance, and the U.S. Semiconductor Industry Association. As of 2016 she has published over forty technical articles and coauthored a book chapter discussing next-generation consumer electronics.

Awards and honors.

Su has been recognized with a number of awards throughout her career. In 2002 she was selected as one of the "Top 100 Young Innovators" by "MIT Technology Review", and the following year the YWCA gave her an award for outstanding achievement in business. In 2009, Su was named a fellow of the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE), having published more than 40 technical articles. Su was named "2014 Executive of the Year" at the "EE Times" and "EDN" 2014 ACE Awards.  In 2015, "SFGate" nominated her for their inaugural Visionary of the Year award, which "salutes leaders who strive to make the world a better place and drive social and economic change by employing new, innovative business models and practices".  In 2016 she was named one of the "50 Most Powerful Women in Technology" by the National Diversity Council and "Outstanding 50 Asian Americans in Business" with the Pinnacle Award by the Asia American Business Development Center.  In 2017, Su was named "People to Watch" by HPCWire, "Top Ranked Semiconductor CEO", by Institutional Investor Magazine and "World's Greatest Leaders" by "Fortune". Su was again named one of the "50 Most Powerful Women in Technology" by the National Diversity Council.  In 2018, Su received the UPWARD "Women of the Year Award", "Lifetime Achievement Award" from the Greater Austin Asian Chamber, elected to the National Academy of Engineering, Fortune's #6 "Businessperson of the Year", Global Semiconductor Alliance "Dr. Morris Chang Exemplary Leadership Award", and "Forbes"' America's Top 50 Women In Tech. She was also appointed as Board of Directors Chair of the Global Semiconductor Alliance.  In 2019, Su was named one of “The World’s Best CEO of 2019” by Barron's, Fortune's #44 "Most Powerful Women in Business", Harvard Business Review's #26 "The Best-Performing CEOs in the World", and Bloomberg Businessweek "The Bloomberg 50".

Personal life.

Su and husband Dan are based in Austin, Texas. Su and Nvidia co-founder and CEO Jen-Hsun Huang have been described as cousins or niece and uncle; however, she has dismissed these claims as "not true."

Lisa Su (born November 7, 1969) is a Taiwanese American business executive and electrical engineer, who is the chief executive officer and president of Advanced Micro Devices (AMD). Early in her career, Su worked at Texas Instruments, IBM, and Freescale Semiconductor in engineering and management positions. She is known for her work developing silicon-on-insulator semiconductor manufacturing technologies and more efficient semiconductor chips during her time as vice president of IBM's Semiconductor Research and Development Center.

苏姿丰(英语:Lisa Tzwu-Fang Su,1969年-11月7日)是台裔美国人企业家,现任超微半导体CEO暨总裁。


History.

2016–2018: Formation.

All seven members of WayV were originally part of SM Rookies, a pre-debut training team maintained by SM Entertainment. In January 2016, SM founder and producer Lee Soo-man announced plans for a new boy group with several different units to be based in cities around the world.  Ten debuted with the first unit, NCT U, on April 9, 2016. Kun participated in the Chinese version of the NCT U song "Without You" which was released on April 10, 2016, but was considered to not have formally debuted with the group. Winwin debuted as part of the second unit, NCT 127, on July 7, 2016. Kun and Lucas were announced as new members of NCT 2018 on January 31, 2018, with Lucas and Winwin also debuting in NCT U on February 22, 2018. SM first announced a Chinese boy group on August 13, 2018, via NCT's Twitter, under the project name, NCT China.  On December 31, SM Entertainment announced WayV ("威神V") through the WayV official Weibo account. The group consists of seven members – the four preexisting NCT members: Kun, Winwin, Ten, and Lucas – and three new members, previously introduced through SM Rookies: Hendery, Xiaojun, and Yangyang. The group was announced to be under SM Entertainment's new China-exclusive label, Label V. The group is a sub-unit of NCT, although it is not being promoted as an NCT group. Journalists theorize that the distancing of WayV from the NCT label is due to tense relations between China and South Korea. Despite this, SM Entertainment CEO Chris Lee acknowledged WayV as NCT's China-based unit.

2019: Debut with "The Vision", "Take Off" and "Take Over The Moon".

On January 17, WayV released their first digital EP, "The Vision", with a Chinese version of NCT 127's "Regular" as the lead single.  On May 1, WayV announced their first EP, "Take Off". It was subsequently released on May 9. The EP debuted and peaked at #7 on the Billboard World Albums chart.  In August and September 2019, WayV's reality show Dream Plan was released, which featured 12 episodes that were made available on Youku and YouTube.  On October 29, WayV released their second EP, "Take Over the Moon" with the title track "Moonwalk". The songs "King of Hearts" and "We go nanana" feature lyrics written by group members Hendery and Yangyang. They became the first and only Chinese group for the second time to debut an album at #1 on the iTunes Worldwide Album Chart. WayV had their first comeback stage for the album during MBC Music's "Show Champion" on October 30, where they performed "Moonwalk", marking the group's first performance in Korea. On November 5, WayV released an English-language version of "Love Talk" as the second single from the EP, which debuted and peaked at #3 on the Billboard World Digital Song Sales. Its repackaged version "Take Over the Moon: Sequel" was released in 2020, adding the English version of Love Talk and the spoken track WayV.oice #1 to the original track list.  The group then went on a promotional tour in China, South Korea and Thailand.

2020: "Awaken the World".

In 2020, WayV was the second group from SM Entertainment to hold a live online concert - jointly organized by SM Entertainment and Naver, as part of the world's first online-dedicated live concert series "Beyond LIVE". The live concert, which was WayV first-ever concert and titled "WayV - Beyond the Vision" was held on May 3. WayV performed songs from their prior albums as well as a mashup of "Turn Back Time" and "Bad Alive", the debut performance of two on their first studio album "Awaken the World", which was released five weeks later on June 09, 2020.  "Awaken the World" was preceded by an online game designed for smartphones, challenging players to unlock teaser images of the individual members. Additionally, the members' individual video teasers were released across different platforms. Both the album's physical release and the music video of the its lead single "Turn Back Time" were released with a delay due to the removal of potential issues with the outfits used in its promotional visual content. The release generated a positive response by the press and fans alike and the album debuted at #9 on the Billboard World Albums chart with "Turn Back Time" making a first appearance on the Billboard World Digital Song Sales chart at #12.

Endorsements.

WayV has endorsed and collaborated with multiple brands including Skechers, Carslan, Cigalong Beauty, and Maeil Barista Rules. The group has also featured on the cover of magazines such as "Nylon China", "Harper's Bazaar China", "InStyle" "Icon", and "Men's Uno".

WayV () is a Chinese boy group which serves as the fourth sub-unit and China-based unit of the South Korean boy group NCT. The group is composed of seven members: Kun, Ten, Winwin, Lucas, Xiaojun, Hendery, Yangyang.

WayV / 威神V,是韩国SM娱乐的跨国性男子组合NCT的中国分队。WayV为We are your Vision的缩写,Vision的中文音译威神,即命名为威神V。 组合在2019年1月以数码专辑《The Vision》出道。现有7名成员,由锟担任队长。