History.

19th century.

The beginnings of Macclesfield Town Football Club can be traced, at least in part, to the 8th Cheshire Rifle Volunteers who were formed in 1873 and played regularly in Macclesfield from October 1874. It was agreed at a public meeting on 21 October 1876 that the 8th Cheshire Rifle Volunteers and the Olympic Cricket club teams be merged to form Macclesfield F.C.; initially matches alternated between association and rugby rules. At the beginning of the 1878–79 Macclesfield United Football Club merged with Macclesfield Football Club. The club played in the FA Cup competition for the first time on 18 November 1882, losing 3–4 to Lockwood Brothers and first entered the Cheshire Senior Cup in the 1879–80 season, winning this competition for the first time on 22 March 1890 when they beat Nantwich 4–1 and went on to be winners on three more occasions before the turn of the century.  Macclesfield became members of The Combination at the start of the 1890–91 season and moved from Victoria Road to the Moss Rose on 12 September 1891 which remains the home of the Silkmen today. In July 1894 the first limited company, Macclesfield Football and Athletic Club Limited, was formed but only lasted until the end of the 1896–97 season when it was wound up and Macclesfield Football Club withdrew from The Combination due to financial constraints. For the 1897–98 season, and the following two seasons, local amateur side Hallefield moved their fixtures to the Moss Rose.

1900 to World War II.

Having re-formed, Macclesfield became members of the Manchester League for the 1900–01 season and were champions in the 1908–09 and 1910–11 seasons. They fielded two senior teams for the 1911–12 season, continuing in the Manchester League with the second team competing in the Lancashire Combination 2nd Division. Having withdrawn from the Manchester League at the end of the 1911–12 season, the club reverted to one senior team for the 1912–13 season which competed in the Lancashire Combination 2nd Division. They gained promotion as runners-up at the end of the 1913–14 season to compete in the 1st Division for the 1914–15 season. In line with all other football clubs after a decree by the government there was no further competitive football at the Moss Rose during hostilities.  Macclesfield became inaugural members of the Cheshire County League at the start of the 1919–20 season of which they were champions in the 1931–32 and 1932–33 seasons. In the 1933–34 season, Albert Valentine set an all-time club record scoring 83 goals in the season. The first ever manager, James Stevenson, was appointed for the 1936–37 season. Between 1900 and 1939 they won the Cheshire Senior Cup three times (1910–11, 1929–30 and 1934–35). Although a member of the Cheshire War-time League (1939 West Series and 1940 East Series), due to dwindling attendances and increasing debts Macclesfield withdrew from the league at the end of the 1939–40 season and no further football was played on the Moss Rose during the Second World War. It would be just prior to the 1946–47 season before the outstanding debts were settled.

1946 to 1999.

When competitive football resumed after World War II, Macclesfield Town Football Club Ltd was formed and the club gained their current name. The club re-joined the Cheshire County League in 1946–47, playing their first game after reformation on 31 August, 1946, a 2–0 defeat to Buxton. The club's form in the remainder of the 1940s was largely indifferent, with the exception of a Cheshire League Challenge Cup win in 1948. The 1950s proved more successful, with four trophies in as many years from 1951–1954, including the club's first Cheshire County League title in 20 years in 1953, though the team's fortunes faded in the latter half of the decade.  Macclesfield Town progressed through four qualifying rounds to make their first appearance in the FA Cup first round in 1960 under manager Frank Bowyer, but lost 7–2 to Southport. At the end of that season the club won the Cheshire County League, beginning a nine-year period in which they won three league titles and finished no lower than fifth, and in 1964 won the Cheshire County League by a record-equalling 13 point margin. The club reached the FA Cup third round for the first time in 1968, meeting First Division Fulham at Craven Cottage. Macclesfield Town lost 4–2, but the performance resulted in Macclesfield Town's Keith Goalen becoming the first non-league player to be named "Footballer of the Month" by the London Evening Standard.  The club were founder members of the Northern Premier League, one of three leagues at the fifth tier of English football, upon its creation in 1968. Macclesfield Town were champions in each of the first two seasons of the competition, finishing 12 points clear in 1968–69, and by goal average in 1969–70. The 1969–70 season also resulted in a trip to Wembley for the inaugural final of the FA Trophy, a knockout competition for non-league clubs. Macclesfield Town defeated Telford United 2–0 in front of more than 28,000 spectators to win the competition. A period of decline then followed, despite the performances of Willie Mailey in goal, and the side's fortunes reached a nadir when the club finished bottom of the Northern Premier League in 1979, a year when the stronger teams from the division formed the national Alliance Premier League (now known as the National League). The 1980s saw steady rebuilding. The club finished as Northern Premier League runners-up in the 1984–85 season.  Macclesfield Town's third Northern Premier League title in the 1986–87 season resulted in promotion to the Football Conference; they also lifted the League Challenge Cup and President's Cup. They finished in mid-table in their first Conference season, and eliminated two League teams, Carlisle and Rotherham, from the FA Cup. The club reached the FA Trophy final for the second time in 1989, facing Telford United. However, the team did not match the achievement of their predecessors 19 years earlier, losing 1–0. From a high of a fourth place league finish in 1989–90, Macclesfield Town's final standing diminished each season, and following a struggle against relegation in 1992–93, manager Peter Wragg was sacked, and replaced with former Manchester United midfielder Sammy McIlroy.  McIlroy took charge at the start of the 1993–94 season, and guided the club to the Football Conference championship in his second season as manager. However. the club was denied promotion to the English Football League because the Moss Rose did not meet league requirements of having a 6,000 total capacity including at least 1,000 seats by the League's deadline of 31 December 1994. Macclesfield Town won the Conference title again two seasons later in 1996–97, by which time the stadium had been upgraded and they were promoted to Division Three of the Football League in place of Hereford United.  Upon gaining League status, the club turned fully professional. Macclesfield Town's first League match was a 2–1 win at home to Torquay United. The momentum of the Conference success continued, and, unbeaten at home in their first League season, Macclesfield Town finished runners-up in Division Three and were promoted for the second consecutive season, this time to Division Two. However, the higher level proved a step too far for the club, who finished the 1998–99 season bottom of Division Two and were relegated. McIlroy soon left to become the Northern Ireland national coach and was replaced by former Manchester United colleague Peter Davenport.

2000 to present day.

A dismal start to the following season cost Davenport his job though, and Gil Prescott took over for the remainder of the season, keeping Macclesfield Town clear of relegation. David Moss in turn succeeded Prescott as manager and delivered two decent mid-table finishes, but a bad start to the 2003–04 season resulted in his sacking. Club stalwart John Askey succeeded Moss initially on a temporary basis, and earned the job permanently with some promising early results. However, a terrible run of one win in three months meant that Askey's term as manager was short-lived.  In March 2004, with relegation to the Conference threatening, Macclesfield Town turned to the experienced 55-year-old Brian Horton to take charge. Horton reinvigorated Macclesfield Town who finished fifth in the 2004–05 season, resulting in a playoff place, but the team were eliminated in the semi-finals by Lincoln City. In 2005–06, the team finished an undistinguished 17th. Horton was sacked by the club in late September 2006, following a 12-game winless start to the season, leaving the club bottom of the Football League.  On 23 October 2006, Paul Ince was confirmed as Macclesfield Town's new player-manager. He lost his first match in charge 3–2 to Mansfield Town, and it took Macclesfield Town until 20 games into the season to record their first league win under Ince, on 5 December 2006. The team then went on a nine match unbeaten run, earning Ince the League Two Manager of the Month award for December 2006, and also securing an FA Cup tie against then English champions Chelsea away in the 3rd round of the FA Cup, which Town lost 6–1. They were then just able to survive after drawing 1–1 with Notts County on the final day of the 2006–07 season, after a poor run of results landed the team back in the relegation zone; this game also saw the last appearance (and booking) of Paul Ince as a professional footballer. On 24 June 2006, Ince resigned to become MK Dons manager.  On 29 June 2007, Ian Brightwell was announced as the new manager, with Asa Hartford as his assistant. Macclesfield Town started the 2007–08 season away with a 1–1 draw to former Premier League club Bradford City and narrowly lost 1–0 to another former Premier League team Leeds United in the first round of the Football League Cup. Away from the pitch, in January 2008, Chairman Rob Bickerton left the club after 7 years to join Shrewsbury Town. He was replaced by club supporter Mike Rance, with ex-player Andy Scott, founder of Bank Fashion Retail stores, as Vice-Chairman.  Following a poor run of results and with the club again flirting with the relegation zone to the Football Conference, on 27 February 2008, Brightwell and Hartford left the club with immediate effect. Keith Alexander was named as manager until the end of the season. Alexander kept the Silkmen in League Two following a run of four wins and three draws in nine games and was awarded a new two-year contract. On 3 March 2010, Macclesfield Town announced that manager Alexander had died at the age of 53. Alexander, who suffered a brain aneurysm in November 2003, died after arriving home from the League Two match at Notts County. Subsequently, on 13 April 2010, Macclesfield Town announced Gary Simpson, previously Alexander's assistant, as manager on a two-year contract in May 2011, which was subsequently extended by a further year. On 10 January 2011, it was announced that midfield player Richard Butcher had died aged 29. The club retired the number 21 shirt in his honour.  Macclesfield Town failed to win any match from the start of January 2012 until the end of the season (23 league and two FA Cup games; eight draws and 17 defeats). After defeat at Dagenham & Redbridge on 17 March continued a winless streak of 14 League matches, Simpson was asked to step down as manager by chairman Mike Rance, and was replaced by Brian Horton. However, Horton was unable to change Town's poor form and the team were relegated to the Conference Premier on 28 April 2012 following a home defeat to Burton Albion. Horton then left the club and Glyn Chamberlain took charge of the team for the final game of the season, before Steve King was appointed as manager on 21 May 2012. At the same time, it was announced that Andy Scott would stand down as deputy chairman with immediate effect, and that three other directors, including Rance, would stand down in due course.  On 5 January 2013, Macclesfield Town beat Championship Leaders Cardiff City in the FA Cup 3rd round 2–1. This gave them a place in the 4th round of the tournament for the first time in their 139-year history. Macclesfield Town were generally in or around the Conference National play-off places for much of the season, but a failure to secure a play-off spot resulted in the sacking of Steve King just before the season ended, with the club reappointing former manager John Askey as King's replacement.  Macclesfield regularly finished in the top half of the fifth tier despite despite financial difficulties and on 21 May 2017, the club visited Wembley Stadium for a fourth time, their first appearance since the stadium was rebuilt, losing the 2017 FA Trophy Final 3–2 against York City. A total of 7,698 Silkmen supporters attended the final. Macclesfield topped the National League table for the majority of the 2018/19 season and on 21 April 2018, the Silkmen beat Eastleigh 2–0 to win the title along with promotion back to the Football League after six years playing non-league football.  Following the departure of John Askey for Shrewsbury Town, Mark Yates was named as manager in June 2018. Yates departed the club in October 2018 after failing to win any of his first twelve league games in charge. After Danny Whitaker and Neil Howarth briefly took temporary charge, former Premier League and England defender Sol Campbell was appointed manager in November 2018. In his first managerial role, Campbell secured safety (and 22nd place) on the final day of the season with a draw against Cambridge United.

2019-2020 financial problems.

In early 2019, off-pitch financial issues meant players were not paid for three months, with some players threatening to boycott the Cambridge game. Six players issued a winding-up order against the club, which was taken over by HM Revenue and Customs in September but the High Court hearing was adjourned 10 times. A hearing on 25 March 2020 was then postponed, due to the COVID-19 pandemic, to 17 June, when it was adjourned for an 11th time, to 9 September 2020.  Campbell left the club by mutual consent on 15 August 2019, with Daryl McMahon taking over as manager; Campbell later backed the HMRC winding-up bid, claiming to be owed £180,000.  In October 2019, players again went unpaid, seeking help from the EFL - which, in November, began a formal investigation into the club's failure to pay its players. A strike by first team players over the unpaid wages jeopardised Macclesfield's FA Cup first round tie against non-league Kingstonian at the Moss Rose on 9 November 2019, but the club fulfilled the fixture, fielding six youth team players and five loanees, losing the tie 4-0 amid protests from Macclesfield supporters, many of whom boycotted the game. Meanwhile, local businessman Joe Sealey, son of former Manchester United goalkeeper Les Sealey, said he wanted to buy the club, though the takeover later (21 November) stalled.  On 14 November 2019, Macclesfield was charged with misconduct by the EFL and referred to a disciplinary panel after failing to pay players. As some players remained unpaid, they said they would not play in the 16 November League Two fixture against Mansfield Town unless paid by 6pm GMT on 15 November. Most were paid so the game went ahead. Two weeks later, Macclesfield players again told the club's owner they would not train, or play on 7 December against Crewe Alexandra, if owed wages were not paid. The game was officially'suspended' on 6 December, with the EFL triggering further disciplinary action. On 19 December, the EFL docked Macclesfield six points (with a further four-point deduction suspended) over this infraction, but after a January 2020 arbitration panel upheld a "lenient" penalty imposed on Bolton Wanderers for not fulfilling two 2019 fixtures, Maccclesfield Town appealed against its points deduction and the deduction was reduced to four points (with three suspended). The 21 December fixture against Plymouth Argyle was then postponed due to a Moss Rose ground safety issue; the EFL again charged the club with misconduct for failing to fulfil its fixture obligations.  Meanwhile, Macclesfield supporters set up a hardship fund, raising over £11,000 to provide short-term financial emergency support for players and non-playing staff, fearing their club could follow Bury F.C. into "extinction" and blaming owner Amar Alkhadi. He claimed to be in "advanced negotiations with various third parties" over a possible takeover of the club, and on 15 January 2020 said a bid to buy the club had been accepted in principle.  Frustrated by the club's financial position, with December's pay arriving late, manager McMahon resigned after four months in charge, on 2 January 2020, joining Dagenham & Redbridge the following day, along with assistant Steve Gritt. After Danny Whitaker took temporary charge, on 16 January 2020, Mark Kennedy was appointed head coach. On 29 January 2020, three Macclesfield players (Emmanuel Osadebe, Theo Vassell and Miles Welch-Hayes) approached the EFL and had their contracts terminated ahead of the transfer deadline. Club staff wages for February 2020 were also not paid on time, leading the PFA to contact the club. On 9 March 2020, the club was charged with misconduct by the EFL for failing to pay players on time, and was referred to an independent disciplinary commission after failing to fulfil the Crewe and Plymouth fixtures. In April 2020, it was reported that the club had not paid its players for a fifth time, failing to pay March 2020 wages, and later that the first team, backroom staff and most office staff had been put on furlough (temporary leave) due to the COVID-19 pandemic.  In May 2020, the club was given a seven-point deduction (with a further two-point deduction suspended) for failing to fulfil the Plymouth fixture in December 2019, and for failing to pay players' wages. After the Silkmen Supporters' Trust provided a loan of £10,000 to help towards the payment of players' wages for April, further misconduct charges were brought by the EFL on 1 June, relating to late payment of salaries in March. These latest charges left Macclesfield at risk of relegation as, on 9 June, an EFL EGM agreed outstanding promotion and relegation issues, with "ongoing disciplinary matters" meaning Macclesfield could go down in place of Stevenage if further points deductions were made. Continued uncertainty ahead of the disciplinary hearing on 19 June 2020 was reported to be affecting the mental health of the club's players and staff, and having an impact on the club's potential sale to Joe Sealey, who said he would only be interested if EFL status was retained. In the event, Macclesfield received a two-point deduction - thus retaining the club's League Two status - along with a suspended four-point deduction and a £20,000 fine plus costs. By 31 July, the club also has to provide the EFL with a business plan showing sustainable future financial and management resources.

Kit and badge.

Macclesfield Town's colours are blue and white; the club have used combinations of these colours since 1947, with the exception of the 1975–76 season, when the team wore tangerine and black as part of a sponsorship deal. Earlier incarnations of the club wore several different colours. The first Macclesfield kit was amber and black stripes, but between 1882 and 1947 the club also used red and white, red, yellow and blue, blue and white, and black and white. The club currently play in a blue home shirt and a black away shirt. Their sponsors include ZAM and Macclesfield College.  The club crest is based upon the coat of arms of Macclesfield, and features a blue Lion Rampant holding a wheatsheaf. A new club crest was planned for the start of the 2007–08 season. However, many loyal supporters were not happy with the modern design so the plans were delayed and a re-designed badge was introduced in early 2008, which has won the approval of the majority of fans.

Stadium.

Macclesfield Town play their home games at the Moss Rose stadium in the south of the town, and have done so since 1891. The first game at the Moss Rose (on the ground adjoining the then named, Moss Rose Inn) took place on 12 September 1891. Before moving to the Moss Rose, three other grounds were used: Macclesfield Grammar School, Rostron's Field (near Coare Street) and Victoria Road (then known as Bowfield Lane).  The current capacity of the Moss Rose is 6,335, of which 2,599 is seated. The "Silk FM Stand" (traditionally known as the London Road or Main Stand) runs along one side of the pitch and consists of a seated grandstand with open air terracing to either side, and the opposite side is the seated "Alfred McAlpine Stand". The clubs most vociferous supporters congregate in the "Star Lane End", which is a mixture of terracing and seating. Visiting supporters are housed in the open air "Silkman End" (named after a public house which formerly adjoined the terrace) and part of the McAlpine Stand.  The record attendance for Macclesfield Town at the Moss Rose is sometimes given as 7,002 for an FA Cup tie against Spennymoor United in 1968. Phythian's "Saga of the Silkmen" (p. 85) and the "News of the World Football Annual" both give the record attendance of Moss Rose games involving Macclesfield Town as 9,003, in the Cheshire Cup tie vs. Winsford United, 14 February 1948. The "Macclesfield Times" (19 February 1948) reported that 80 coachloads of supporters had arrived from Winsford. Euro 96 winners Germany used the Moss Rose as a training base during the championships.  In September 2007, the club released a statement for the possibility of relocating to a new stadium, approximately a mile south of the Moss Rose to the proposed 'South Macclesfield Development Area'. However, due to the club being a permanent fixture in the lower part of League Two and as England lost the bid to host the 2018 World Cup (which would have helped the cause for a new stadium), it became likely that the Moss Rose would remain the club's ground for the foreseeable future.

Supporters and rivalries.

During their spell as a Football League club, Macclesfield Town had a low level of support in comparison with other teams playing at the same level. The club's average attendance of 1,832 in the 2010–11 season was the lowest in Football League Two and the Football League. Reasons for this include the proximity of Macclesfield to cities with large football clubs such as Manchester and Liverpool, and a lack of historical success, as Macclesfield Town had only been a Football League club since 1997. Most supporters are from Macclesfield and its environs with small pockets of fans from Norway, Japan, Port Talbot in south Wales and Fleet in Hampshire (The Southern Silkmen Lads – SSL). In April 2011, football magazine "FourFourTwo" voted Macclesfield Town supporters "League Two Best Away Fans".  Macclesfield Town's traditional rivals are Altrincham and Northwich Victoria, rivalries dating back to when all three clubs were in the Cheshire League, and later the Northern Premier League and Football Conference. Their closest rival in the Football League years has been Stockport County; however, as Stockport were relegated at the end of the 2010–11 season this rivalry was briefly interrupted. Following relegation for the Silkmen, this local derby was briefly resumed, until Stockport's relegation to the Conference North at the end of the 2012–13 season. Altrincham were promoted to the National League in the 2013/14 season; however, two years later, they were relegated to the National League North.  With the club currently in League Two, their closest rivals are Port Vale and Crewe Alexandra.

Honours and achievements.

Club records.

Record Football League goalscorers.

In Macclesfield Town's first 14 seasons in the Football League (1997–98 to 2010–11 season), they played 644 games, winning 204, drawing 181 and losing 259 games. They scored 750 and conceded 883 goals, and used 215 different players.  Chris Priest, a Macclesfield Town player, scored the final goal of the 2nd millennium AD.

Players.

Retired numbers.

21 – Richard Butcher. Midfielder (2010–11) – "posthumous honour"

Macclesfield Town Football Club is a professional association football club in Macclesfield, Cheshire, England, which competes in, the fourth tier of the English football league system. The club was formed in 1874 and since 1891 have played home games at Moss Rose.

Macclesfield Town FC (celým názvem: Macclesfield Town Football Club) je anglický fotbalový klub, který sídlí ve městě Macclesfield v nemetropolitním hrabství Cheshire. Založen byl v roce 1874 pod názvem Macclesfield FC. Svůj současný název nese od roku 1966. Od sezóny 2018/19 hraje v EFL League Two (4. nejvyšší soutěž).


Childhood.

Newton found her own voice as a child growing up in the town of Burshtyn, in the western part of Ukraine. Mika taught herself to sing at an early age by imitating famous artists she heard on the radio. She began begging her mother to invite friends over so she could have an audience to perform in front of. "I didn't know if I wanted to be a singer, but I knew I loved performing," says Mika. By age nine, she was entering regional voice competitions. This gave Mika her first taste of a real stage – and she wanted more. "I'm so honest on stage," she says. "It's when I'm my true self. I think the more honest you are, the more people will connect with you, and that's when you can really make an impact." It wasn't until she saw a video of Michael Jackson performing his international sensation, Earth Song that Mika decided to pursue her dream. "I didn't know who he was or where he was from, but the passion in his performance was inspiring," she says. Mika quickly enrolled in performing arts school where she studied voice, piano, acting, dance and pantomime. She continued to compete in both local and international talent competitions, taking first place in nearly every one of them. At the age of 16, Mika moved from her hometown of Burshtyn to Kiev, where she studied out of the Vocal Department at the College of Circus and Variety Arts. While attending a performing arts school as a teenager (where she studied voice, piano, acting, dance, and pantomime), she continued to compete in local and international talent contests, taking first place at nearly all of them, which led to attention from music industry players, at the age of 16 she got signed with the record label Falyosa Family Factory. Her first name, Mika, is a derivative from Mick Jagger's first name and Newton stands for a new tone. Besides making her way up in vocal career, Mika Newton is pursuing acting. She has already starred in two films – "Life By Surprise" and "Money For Daughter" where she played a supporting role and a lead role respectively.

Eurovision 2011.

Newton was originally chosen on February 26, 2011 to represent Ukraine in the Eurovision Song Contest 2011 in Düsseldorf, Germany among 43 other countries, with her entry "Angel".  The Final of the national selection of participants from Ukraine for Eurovision song contest aired live on First National Television Channel. There were 19 participants. The winner was determined by SMS votes (45% of the vote), Internet voting (10%), and the jury votes (45%). The greatest number of points was received Mika Newton. Zlata Ognevich took the second place and Jamala took the third place.  In the Eurovision final on 14 May 2011 Newton finished fourth with 159 points, behind the entries from Azerbaijan (the winner with 221 points), Italy and Sweden. During her performance, she was accompanied by sand-artist Kseniya Simonova who was the 2009 winner of Ukraine's Got Talent.

Career.

Before Eurovision Song Contest, Mika went on to release two albums and, thanks to providing theme songs to a number of popular Ukrainian and Russian films and television shows, earned herself the nickname, the "Queen of Soundtracks." It wasn't long before she drew interest from JK Music Group. They invited Mika to Los Angeles for a two-week recording session with legendary songwriter Walter Afanasieff, whose resume includes several Mariah Carey and Celine Dion hits. Mika also got the opportunity to perform in front of Grammy Award-winning producer Randy Jackson. "I could feel his [Randy's] energy, and knew right away he was something special," she says.  After winning 4th-place in Eurovision Song Contest 2011, Mika Newton signed a contract with JK Music Group and Randy Jackson's Friendship Collective. In June 2011 she moved to Los Angeles, where she started developing her music career as a pop-rock singer in the USA.  Mika has since devoted herself entirely to her work. She spends most of her days either locked in the recording studio, practicing her English, or attending acting classes.  Mika is strongly committed to charitable work. She frequents events at foster homes and juvenile detention centers and participates in auctions to benefit disadvantaged youth. "I feel I have a strong message for young people. I want to share my experiences and show them that yes, you can achieve your dreams if you're willing to work hard. Just don't ever quit. No matter what."  On February 21, 2012, Mika released her debut American single, "Don't Dumb Me Down.". Directed by Marc Klasfeld, who has worked with the likes of Katy Perry, Avril Lavigne, and Jay-Z, the video premiered on MTV's Buzzworthy and came in the top 5 highest rated, most viewed, most shared videos of the week on their official website.  Besides promoting her new U.S. single, Mika has captured the attention of the Chinese Media. In March 2012, she traveled to make a guest-appearance on "Maoren Queen," a reality show similar to "The Hills".  In March 2013, Mika Newton released her new single, "Come Out and Play" remixed by Paul Oakenfold creating the summers dancefloor anthem on Randy Jackson's Friendship Collective label. "Come Out and Play" has been remixed by British heavyweight DJ/Producer Paul Oakenfold. An eye for spotting talent, Oakenfold has remixed productions for artists including Madonna, The Rolling Stones, Snoop Dogg, Britney Spears, Justin Timberlake and most recently, Bruno Mars. Promoting the new remix Mika Newton and Paul Oakenfold made an exclusive performance at this years', Winter Music Conference in Miami Beach.  In April 2013, Mika began performing acoustic shows throughout Los Angeles.  On May 20, 2013 Mika's new music video for "Magnets" ( The song, co-written by Mika and songwriters Rune Westerberg and Victoria Horn ) premiered exclusively on OK! Magazine USA official website.  In June 2013 Mika Newton was selected as the Best Vocalist of the Month by SingerUniverse for her song "Magnets." SingerUniverse is an online magazine founded by a group of acclaimed music industry professionals. Each month, they spotlight a single rising star with their "Best Vocalist of the Month" contest.  August 31 Mika Newton debuted the music video for her second American single "Come Out and Play" at the Lily Bar & Lounge in Las Vegas, NV. The video was directed by Ali Zamani, who's worked with the likes of Snoop Dogg, T-Pain, and Lil Way.  Mika Newton was featured in the October issue of "MAXIM" magazine, and the January 2014 issue of "Chulo Magazine"

Personal life.

In December 2018, she married Chris Saavedra in the United States.

Oksana Stefanivna Hrytsay, (; born on 5 March 1986), professionally known as Mika Newton (), is a Ukrainian singer and actress from the city of Burshtyn. Born and raised in Ukraine, the singer currently resides in Los Angeles, California.

Mika Newton (ukrajinsky "Мiка Ньютон", rodné jméno "Oksana Stefanivna Grycaj", ukrajinsky "Оксана Стефанівна Грицай", * 5. března 1986 Burštyn, SSSR, dnes Ukrajina) je ukrajinská zpěvačka a herečka. Narodila se a vyrůstala na Ukrajině a v současnosti žije v Los Angeles, Kalifornii.


Playing career.

Early life and career.

Alejandro Sabella was born to a wealthy, upper-middle-class family in Buenos Aires' well-off Barrio Norte neighborhood. He was an excellent student at school, and was admitted to the Faculty of Law of the University of Buenos Aires, but his career as a football player eventually forced him to abandon his studies. Despite his wealthy background, as a young man Sabella was politically active in the left-wing Peronist Youth and worked to aid the urban poor in the slums. He stated, "I felt a growing need to be always on the side of solidarity and of the distribution of wealth for a fairer, more egalitarian society, in which we can all have equal opportunities."  As a footballer, Sabella rose through the junior divisions of River Plate in the early 1970s, when his position of attacking midfielder was covered by Norberto Alonso. His style reflected Alonso's, with emphasis on individual technique and short passes. His slow pace gained him the nickname of "Pachorra" ("lunfardo", Spanish for "slowcoach"). In 1975, River Plate won their first title after an 18-year drought, and Alonso became the fans' undisputed hero. Sabella got his break in 1976, when Alonso was transferred to Marseille. He played a key role when River won the 1977 "Metropolitano" championship. Nevertheless, when Alonso returned to River Plate, Sabella was again relegated to the bench.

Sheffield United.

Sheffield United had tried to sign the teenage Diego Maradona from Argentinos Juniors, however, the club decided that Maradona was too expensive. Therefore, United turned to Sabella, who they signed for £160,000 on 19 July 1978. Known as Alex while in England, Sabella made his debut for the Blades in a 2–1 defeat against Leyton Orient on 19 August 1978.  Sabella played for United until 1980, scoring eight league goals in 76 appearances. After relegation to the Third Division, manager Harry Haslam agreed a fee of £600,000 with Second Division club Sunderland. However, Sabella had ambitions to play in the First Division and refused to go. His final appearance for United came with a goal in the County Cup (a regional competition between South Yorkshire teams) Final victory over Sheffield Wednesday on 8 May 1980.

Leeds United and return to Argentina.

During the close season, Sabella was sold to Leeds United for £400,000. He played for Leeds without much success between 1980 and 1981, making 23 appearances and scoring two goals. John Lukic used to give him a lift to training and matches from Sabella's digs in Sheffield.  In December 1981, Sabella started looking for an Argentine club and was eventually sold to Estudiantes de La Plata. Under coach Carlos Bilardo, the team reached the semi-finals of the 1982 Nacional tournament (Sabella was injured in the first semi-final match against Quilmes). Subsequently, Sabella, together with Marcelo Trobbiani, José Daniel Ponce and Miguel Ángel Russo, made up the solid midfield of the Estudiantes team that went on to win two back-to-back championship titles.  When Bilardo was put in charge of the Argentine national team, Sabella competed for his place with veterans Norberto Alonso and Ricardo Bochini, as well as younger players like Carlos Daniel Tapia, Jorge Burruchaga and Diego Maradona. Sabella played eight times for the national team, playing in all four games in the 1983 Copa América and in four friendlies; against Chile in May 1983 (as substitute), Paraguay in July 1983, Brazil in June 1984 and Uruguay in July 1984.

Later career.

The Argentine midfielder then moved to Brazilian Grêmio, where he played from 1985 to 1986. He subsequently returned to Estudiantes, but retired after a short spell in the Mexican league with Irapuato in 1989.

Managerial career.

Early career.

After retirement, Sabella became a coach, but worked mostly as field assistant for Daniel Passarella. The duo coached the Argentina national team, Italian side Parma, the Uruguay national football team, Mexican Monterrey, and Brazilian Corinthians. In 2006, they were hired back by River Plate, that finished in third place in the "Apertura" tournament.  On 15 March 2009, Sabella became coach of Estudiantes de La Plata, where he won the 2009 Copa Libertadores. On 2 February 2011, he announced his resignation. Due to protestations from the team's players and management, he agreed to reconsider his decision, but made it final the following day. He officially resigned on 3 February 2011.

Argentina.

After Argentina's early exit at the 2011 Copa America, Sabella was appointed as the manager of the Argentine national team. Sabella was originally set to be the new coach of UAE League team Al-Jazira Club but backed out of the agreement after the Argentine Football Association (AFA) has shown interest in him. After his appointment in August 2011, Sabella named Lionel Messi as Argentina's new captain. He made his debut in charge of the Argentina in a 1–0 victory against Venezuela at Salt Lake Stadium in Kolkata, India.

2014 World Cup.

In the 2014 FIFA World Cup, Sabella coached Argentina to the final. The last time Argentina had advanced beyond the quarter-finals was when they made the final in 1990 where they lost 1–0 to West Germany.  Argentina never trailed during the whole tournament until the final. They won all three of their group games, where Lionel Messi scored all four of his goals against Bosnia and Herzegovina (2–1), Iran (1–0) and Nigeria (3–2). They defeated Switzerland 1–0 in extra time during the Round of 16, and then dispatched Belgium 1–0 in the quarter-finals. Reaching their first semi-final since 1990, Argentina eliminated the Netherlands in a penalty shootout after a scoreless draw. Argentina finished the tournament as runners-up after losing the final to Germany 1–0 in extra time. Sabella's substitutions in the final, notably Sergio Agüero for Ezequiel Lavezzi and Rodrigo Palacio for Gonzalo Higuaín, were said to have blunted the team's attacking threat against the Germans, although many managers, such as Atlético Madrid's Diego Simeone, praised Sabella's tactical performance throughout the World Cup.  On the eve of the final, Sabella stated that regardless of the result of the match, he would step down after a tenure that lasted almost three years. He officially resigned on 30 July 2014.

Political views and public image.

Sabella is interested in politics and history and has strong political views. He is a left-wing peronist, and believes that "the state needs to be present to regulate politics and mark the path. We can't wait for the trickle-down effect to overflow, because that is a lie." In an interview he gave to La Garganta Poderosa, an Argentine alternative media outlet, he posed before a chalkboard with a "Dream Team" made up not of football players, but left-wing activists who have been killed or have gone missing since the return of democracy in 1983, many of them young victims of police violence.

Nicknames.

During his playing career, Sabella's nicknames were "el Mago" ("the Magician") and "Pachorra" ("Sloth"), because of his perceived slowness during play. As Estudiantes manager, he would be called "Magno" (from Alejandro Magno) because of the great Club World Cup final they took part in: the favourites, star-studded Barcelona, would only manage to beat his squad in extra time, by 2–1.

Honours.

Player.

River Plate  Estudiantes (LP)

Manager.

Club.

Estudiantes (LP)

International.

Argentina

Alejandro Esteban Sabella (; born 5 November 1954) is an Argentine football manager and former player. Born in Buenos Aires, he began his playing career with River Plate in his home country before moving to England in 1978 to play for Sheffield United. Known as "Alex" while in England (an anglicized version of his real name), Sabella then had a spell with another English side, Leeds United, before returning to South America and representing Estudiantes, Grêmio, Ferro Carril Oeste and Irapuato.

Alejandro Javier Sabella [alechandro chavijer sabela] (* 5. listopadu 1954, Buenos Aires, Argentina) je bývalý argentinský fotbalový záložník a reprezentant. V současnosti působí jako trenér, od roku 2011 vedl národní tým Argentiny, se kterým se kvalifikoval na MS 2014 v Brazílii. Po světovém šampionátu v červenci 2014 z funkce trenéra odstoupil.


History.

The club was established at the Chequers Hotel on 28 January 1874. Initially playing in crimson and green, their first match was played two weeks later, losing 2–1 to East of England Non Conformist Grammar School. In 1885 they were founders of the Hertfordshire County Football Association, and subsequently started playing in local leagues in the 1890s. They joined the Stansted & District League, winning it in 1910–11 and 1912–13, and also entered a team in the Saffron Walden & District League during the same era, winning it in 1911–12, 1912–13 and 1913–14.  After World War I Bishop's Stortford won both the Stansted & District League and the East Hertfordshire League in 1919–20. In 1921 they joined the North-Eastern Division of the Hertfordshire County League. In 1923 the league was reduced to a single division, and it disbanded entirely in 1925, making a brief comeback in 1926–27, when Stortford were one of only six clubs to play in it. In 1929 they joined the new Division Two East of the Spartan League, which they went on to win in 1931–32, earning promotion to Division One.  Following World War II, the league resumed in 1945, with Bishop's Stortford in the Eastern Division. Despite finishing in last place in 1945–46, they were placed in the Premier Division the following season. However, after finishing bottom of the Premier Division in 1948–49, they were relegated to Division One. In 1951 the club were founder members of the Delphian League, which they won in 1954–55. After the league disbanded in 1963 they joined Division Two of the Athenian League, winning Division One in 1965–66 and the Premier Division in 1969–70.  In the 1970–71 season Bishop's Stortford reached the first round of the FA Cup for the first time, losing 6–1 at Reading. In 1971 the club switched to the Isthmian League, and in 1973 they reached the second round of the FA Cup, losing 3–1 at Peterborough United after a replay. They also reached the semi-finals of the FA Amateur Cup, losing 1–0 to Slough Town. However, the following season they won the last ever edition of the cup, beating Ilford 4–1 at Wembley. In 1974–75 they reached the FA Cup first round again, but lost 2–0 at Leatherhead in a replay. The following season they reached the second round again, losing 2–0 at Aldershot.  In 1977–78 Bishop's Stortford finished bottom of the Isthmian League Premier Division, and were relegated to Division One. They returned as Division One champions in 1980–81, a season in which they won the FA Trophy with a 1–0 win over Sutton United at Wembley, becoming the first club to win both the FA Amateur Cup and the FA Trophy. In 1982–83 the club beat Football League opposition in the FA Cup for the first time, winning 2–1 at Reading in the first round. After beating Slough Town 4–1 in the second round, they held Second Division Middlesbrough to a 2–2 draw at Ayresome Park, before losing 2–1 at home. They reached the first round again in 1984–85, 1985–86 and 1986–87, but failed to progress on each occasion, with the club losing to Brentford, Peterborough United and Colchester United respectively.  Bishop's Stortford finished bottom of the Premier Division in 1991–92, and were relegated back to Division One. They returned as champions in 1993–94, but were relegated again in 1998–99. After a second-place finish in 2001–02 the club returned to the Premier Division, and after finishing eleventh in 2003–04, were placed in the newly formed Conference South. The 2003–04 season also saw them reach the FA Cup first round again, eventually losing 6–0 at Mansfield Town. In 2006–07 another first round appearance resulted in a 5–3 defeat to King's Lynn. Rushden & Diamonds' expulsion from the Football Conference led to the club being transferred to the Conference North in 2011. In 2012–13 they reached the FA Cup first round for the twelfth time, losing 2–1 at home to Hasting United. At the end of the season they were transferred back to the Conference South, and the following season saw another FA Cup first round appearance, a 2–1 defeat at home to Northampton Town.  Stortford were relegated to the Premier Division of the Southern League at the end of the 2016–17 season after finishing second-from-bottom of the renamed National League South. The club were transferred to the Premier Division of the Isthmian League a year for the 2018–19 season.

Ground.

The club initially played home matches at Silver Leys, which they shared with the polo club. In 1897 they moved to the playing fields of the Grammar School on Hadham Road, remaining there until moving to Havers Lane in 1900 and Laundry Field on Dunmow Road in 1903.  Following World War I, local businessman Joe Brazier allowed the club to start playing at a piece of land near South Road, which became known as Brazier's Field and later the Town Ground. The ground was opened on 4 October 1919 with a match against Ware in front of a crowd of 400, which saw Stortford win 2–1. A wooden pavilion was later erected on site, having been moved from Silver Leys. In 1927 the club bought the land from Brazier, and a wooden stand was built in 1931.  Covered terracing was installed behind both goals in the 1950s, and a new 250-seat main stand was built in 1961. Some uncovered terracing was added alongside the main stand in 1968. Floodlights were installed in 1967, and the following year saw the ground renamed the George Wilson Stadium after a former chairman, although by then the ground was commonly known as simply Rhodes Avenue. Due to financial problems, the club sold the ground in 1997, with the last match played against Ware in December that year. Mirroring the result in the first-ever game at the ground, Stortford won 2–1.  After eighteen months groundsharing at Boreham Wood, Dagenham & Redbridge, Hitchin Town, St Albans City and Ware, the club returned to Bishop's Stortford in 1999 when Woodside Park was complete. The first match was played on 17 July 1999, a friendly against Norwich City. There are seated stands on either side of the pitch, with covered terracing at each end. It is currently also known as the Prokit UK Stadium for sponsorship purposes.

Bishop's Stortford Football Club is a football club based in Bishop's Stortford, Hertfordshire, England. They are currently members of the and play at Woodside Park.

Bishop's Stortford FC (celým názvem: Bishop's Stortford Football Club) je anglický fotbalový klub, který sídlí ve městě Bishop's Stortford v nemetropolitním hrabství Hertfordshire. Založen byl v roce 1874. Od sezóny 2018/19 hraje v Isthmian League Premier Division (7. nejvyšší soutěž). Klubové barvy jsou modrá a bílá.


History.

The club was established in 1948 as a merger of Boreham Rovers and Royal Retournez, and began playing in the Mid-Herts League. In 1951 they joined the Parthenon League, and finished as runners-up in 1953–54 and 1954–55 before winning the title in 1955–56. After finishing as runners-up again in 1956–57, they joined the Spartan League. They finished as runners-up in 1963–64 and again in 1965–66, after which they switched to Division Two of the Athenian League.  The 1968–69 season saw Boreham Wood win Division Two, earning promotion to Division One. The following season they finished as runners-up in Division One and were promoted to the Premier Division. After the division was disbanded in 1973, the club were placed in Division One for the 1973–74 season, in which they were league champions and reached the first round of the FA Cup for the first time, eventually losing 3–0 at Southend United. At the end of the season the club joined Division Two of the Isthmian League. They won the division in 1976–77 and were promoted to the renamed Premier Division. The following season saw them reach the first round of the FA Cup again, losing 2–0 in a replay to Swindon Town after a 0–0 draw at home.  The club remained in the Premier Division until being relegated to Division One at the end of the 1981–82 season, in which they finished bottom of the table. In 1994–95 they were Division One champions, and were promoted back to the Premier Division. The 1996–97 season saw them reach the second round of the FA Cup for the first time after they beat Rushden & Diamonds 3–2 in a first round replay. In the second round they lost 2–1 at Luton Town. In the same season they also won the Isthmian League Cup. They repeated their FA Cup feat the following season, beating Hayes in the first round before losing 2–0 to Cheltenham Town in a replay. In 1998–99 they reached the first round again, losing 3–2 at home to Luton.  After being relegated in 1999–2000 they won Division One at the first attempt to make an immediate return to the Premier Division. However, they were relegated again at the end of the 2002–03 season, although the season did see them reach the FA Cup first round again, where they lost 5–0 at Torquay United. After one season in Division One North (and another FA Cup first round appearance, a 4–0 defeat at Blackpool), they were transferred to Division One East of the Southern League.  After winning Division One East in 2005–06, a season in which they also reached the semi-finals of the FA Trophy, losing 3–0 on aggregate to Woking, the club were promoted to the Premier Division of the Isthmian League. A fourth-place finish in 2009–10 saw them qualify for the promotion play-offs, and after beating Aveley 1–0 in the semi-finals, a 2–0 win over Kingstonian in the final resulted in promotion to the Conference South. The 2012–13 and 2013–14 seasons saw the club reach the FA Cup first round again, losing at home to Brentford and away at Carlisle United in a replay. In 2014–15 Boreham Wood finished as runners-up in the Conference South. In the subsequent play-offs, they beat Havant & Waterlooville 4–2 on aggregate before defeating Whitehawk 2–1 in the final to earn promotion to the renamed National League. Their first season in the National League saw a tenth FA Cup first round appearance, ending with a 2–1 defeat at home to Northwich Victoria.  In the 2017–18 FA Cup Boreham Wood beat Football League opposition for the first time, defeating Blackpool 2–1 at home in the first round. In the second round they lost 3–0 at Coventry City. The club went on to finish fourth in the National League at the end of the season, qualifying for the play-offs. After beating AFC Fylde 2–1 and Sutton United 3–2, they lost 2–1 to Tranmere Rovers in the Wembley final.

Ground.

The club initially played at Eldon Avenue until moving to Meadow Park in 1963.

Boreham Wood Football Club is a professional football club based in Borehamwood, Hertfordshire, England. They are currently members of and play at Meadow Park. Established in 1948, they are known as "the Wood" and have a local rivalry with St Albans City.

Boreham Wood FC (celým názvem: Boreham Wood Football Club) je anglický fotbalový klub, který sídlí ve městě Borehamwood v nemetropolitním hrabství Hertfordshire. Založen byl v roce 1948. Od sezóny 2015/16 hraje v National League (5. nejvyšší soutěž). Klubové barvy jsou černá a bílá.


Description.

The well-known surrealist piece introduced the image of the soft melting pocket watch. It epitomizes Dalí's theory of "softness" and "hardness", which was central to his thinking at the time. As Dawn Adès wrote, "The soft watches are an unconscious symbol of the relativity of space and time, a Surrealist meditation on the collapse of our notions of a fixed cosmic order". This interpretation suggests that Dalí was incorporating an understanding of the world introduced by Albert Einstein's theory of special relativity. Asked by Ilya Prigogine whether this was in fact the case, Dalí replied that the soft watches were not inspired by the theory of relativity, but by the surrealist perception of a Camembert melting in the sun. It is possible to recognize a human figure in the middle of the composition, in the strange "monster" (with much texture near its face, and much contrast and tone in the picture) that Dalí used in several contemporary pieces to represent himself – the abstract form becoming something of a self-portrait, reappearing frequently in his work. The creature seems to be based on a figure from the "Paradise" section of Hieronymus Bosch's "The Garden of Earthly Delights", which Dalí had studied. It can be read as a "fading" creature, one that often appears in dreams where the dreamer cannot pinpoint the creature's exact form and composition. One can observe that the creature has one closed eye with several eyelashes, suggesting that the creature is also in a dream state. The iconography may refer to a dream that Dalí himself had experienced, and the clocks may symbolize the passing of time as one experiences it in sleep or the persistence of time in the eyes of the dreamer.  The orange clock at the bottom left of the painting is covered in ants. Dalí often used ants in his paintings as a symbol of decay. Another insect that is present in the painting is a fly, which sits on the watch that is next to the orange watch. The fly appears to be casting a human shadow as the sun hits it. "The Persistence of Memory" employs "the exactitude of realist painting techniques" to depict imagery more likely to be found in dreams than in waking consciousness.  The craggy rocks to the right represent a tip of Cap de Creus peninsula in north-eastern Catalonia. Many of Dalí's paintings were inspired by the landscapes of his life in Catalonia. The strange and foreboding shadow in the foreground of this painting is a reference to Mount Pani.

Versions.

Dalí returned to the theme of this painting with the variation "The Disintegration of the Persistence of Memory" (1954), showing his earlier famous work systematically fragmenting into smaller component elements, and a series of rectangular blocks which reveal further imagery through the gaps between them, implying something beneath the surface of the original work; this work is now in the Salvador Dalí Museum in St. Petersburg, Florida, while the original "Persistence of Memory" remains at the Museum of Modern Art in New York City. Dalí also produced various lithographs and sculptures on the theme of soft watches late in his career. Some of these sculptures are "Persistence of Memory", "Nobility of Time", "Profile of Time", and "Three Dancing Watches".

The Persistence of Memory () is a 1931 painting by artist Salvador Dalí, and one of the most recognizable works of Surrealism. First shown at the Julien Levy Gallery in 1932, since 1934 the painting has been in the collection of the Museum of Modern Art (MoMA) in New York City, which received it from an anonymous donor. It is widely recognized and frequently referenced in popular culture, and sometimes referred to by more descriptive titles, such as "Melting Clocks", "The Soft Watches" or "The Melting Watches".

Persistence paměti (nebo také Trvalost paměti, Neodbytnost paměti či Stálost paměti) je jedním z nejznámějších obrazů Salvadora Dalího. Poprvé byl obraz představen v Julien Levy Gallery v roce 1932, od roku 1934 je obraz ve sbírce Muzea moderního umění (Museum of Modern Art - MoMA) v New Yorku, které jej obdrželo od anonymního dárce.


Early life.

Stefanos was born in Piraeus to Albanian parents and began playing football in the youth system of the amateur club "Aetos" based in Korydallos, Piraeus. Although he was firstly approached by Olympiacos scouts, and even trained with the team for two and a half months, Panathinaikos were the ones to secure his signature in June 2007 for a fee of. At Panathinaikos, he gradually established himself as a member of the starting lineup for the club's under-18 and under-21 teams.

Club career.

Panathinaikos.

On 17 September 2011, during a Super League match against Atromitos, Kapino made his debut for Panathinaikos' men's team, coming on as a substitute after his teammate Orestis Karnezis was sent off. With that appearance, he became the youngest goalkeeper to ever play for Panathinaikos, at the age of 17 years, six months and nine days. He went on to play the following 11 matches, finishing his first season with 12 appearances.  The 2012–13 season saw Panathinaikos use four different managers – Jesualdo Ferreira, the Argentine Juan Ramón Rocha, Spanish Fabri and finally Giannis Vonortas – while the club finished sixth in the league. Kapino was limited to one appearances, in a home 3–2 win against Veria.  In summer 2013 he was linked with Arsenal, Inter Milan and Manchester United and it was reported a move to Napoli had broken down. The 2013–14 season proved to be Kapino's best season at Panthinaikos. He started as regular to most of the Super League games and as a consequence was selected for the final squad of the 2014 World Cup.

Mainz 05.

In 2014, Kapino moved to German Bundesliga side Mainz 05 for a transfer fee of reportedly €2.2 million and signed a four-year contract until 2018. He had to compete with Loris Karius for a spot in the starting grid. He made his Bundesliga debut on 7 February 2015 at home versus Hertha BSC as a 34th minute replacement for Christian Clemens after the starting goalkeeper Loris Karius was given a red card for a foul on the last man.

Olympiacos.

After one year with Mainz, during which he could not establish himself, Kapino moved back to his native Greece to join Olympiacos, rivals of his former club Panathinaikos, on a three-year deal for a transfer of believed to be €2 million.  He made his Greek Super League debut for Olympiacos on 21 March 2016 away to Asteras Tripolis. He was part of the starting XI of the squad in the 2015–16 Greek Football Cup season, except in the final where Olympiacos were defeated by rivals AEK Athens in an empty Olympic Stadium.  On 27 July 2016, Kapino made his first European appearance with the club in the 3rd qualifying round of UEFA Champions League against the Israeli champions Hapoel Be'er Sheva He started the 2016–17 season as the indisputable first goalkeeper of the club. On 6 November 2016, he suffered a muscular injury during the second half of the 3–0 home win in the derby against Panathinaikos and was substituted by Nicola Leali. The injury would keep him on the sidelines for three to four weeks ruling him out of the Greece squad to face Belarus and Bosnia.  On 19 March 2017, Kapino returned to action following his replacement Leali's mistakes in two Europa League matches against Besiktas making saves that prevented a bigger defeat for Olympiacos in an away 1–0 derby loss against rivals Panathinaikos.  He started the 2017–18 season as the undisputed first goalkeeper of the club, despite the acquisition of ex-Belgian international Silvio Proto.  On 24 September 2017, Kapino was demoted to the club's U-20 squad ahead of an important UEFA Champions League game against Juventus following mistakes in the team's 3–2 Super League away loss against rivals AEK Athens after leading 0–2. This proved to be the last league game for Kapino who, after also appearing and underperforming in two Greek Cup fixtures, was put on the out-of-favour player list by Olympiacos on 4 December 2017. He was unable to find a club to continue his career after the end of the January 2018 transfer window, leading the Olympiacos board to the termination of his contract and his release on a free transfer.

Nottingham Forest.

On 7 February 2018, days before the end of the transfer window for unattached players, Kapino signed with EFL Championship side Nottingham Forest, under the presidency of chairman Evangelos Marinakis, on an 18-month deal. On 21 April 2018, he made his debut with the club as a starter, in a 2–1 away loss against Cardiff City.

Werder Bremen.

On 1 August 2018, Kapino joined Bundesliga side Werder Bremen for an undisclosed fee. According to media reports, he signed a contract until 2020 with an option of a further year while the transfer fee paid to Nottingham Forest was estimated at €300,000 which could rise up to €1 million depending on bonuses. A week later, he suffered an injury which could rule him out for three months. On 19 January 2019, he sat on the bench for the first time in a 1–0 home win against Hannover 96. On 13 April 2019, he made his debut with the club replacing the injured Jiří Pavlenka in the second half of a 2–1 Bundesliga home win game against SC Freiburg.  In July 2019, Kapino agreed a contract extension with the club. On 7 March 2019, almost a year since his last appearance as a starter, Kapino was in the starting XI replacing Pavlenka, who had been injured midweek.

International career.

Kapino due to being born in Greece was eligible to represent Greece and his Albanian heritage made him eligible for Albania, and he has been a member of the Greece under-17 and under-19 teams. He is the youngest player to ever play for Greece U17, having debuted at the age of 15.  On 15 November 2011, at the age of 17 years and 241 days, he made his debut for the men's national team in a friendly match against Romania, thus setting a new record for the youngest player ever to represent Greece at men's level.  Stefanos was member to the 23-man squad for 2014 FIFA World Cup in Brazil as third choice goalkeeper along with Orestis Karnezis and Panagiotis Glykos.  On 4 June 2016, Kapino came on as a first half substitute for injured first choice goalkeeper Orestis Karnezis and despite conceding a late goal, produced a stunning display for his adopted country making many world class saves in Greece's 1–0 away International Friendly defeat to Australia at Stadium Australia in Sydney.  On 25 March 2017, replacing injured Orestis Karnezis in a crucial 2018 FIFA World Cup qualification away match against Belgium did brilliantly throughout the game and especially at the extra time as he prevent Romelu Lukaku from scoring the winner from point-blank range with a brilliant double save, helping Greece to save the defeat in its effort to qualify for 2018 World Cup.

Honours.

Panathinaikos  Olympiacos

Stefanos Kapino (, born 18 March 1994) is a Greek professional footballer who plays as a goalkeeper for Werder Bremen and the Greece national team.

Stefanos Kapino (řecky Στέφανος Καπίνο; * 18. března 1994, Pireus, Řecko) je řecký fotbalový brankář a reprezentant. Aktuálně hráč německého Werderu Brémy.


Plot.

Continuing from where the show had left off, Tina Cohen-Chang (Jenna Ushkowitz) is distressed that she's only on the waiting list for Brown University, and Artie Abrams (Kevin McHale) cheers her up through a performance of "Whenever I Call You Friend". Their relationship sours when Principal Sue Sylvester (Jane Lynch) announces that they both have equal qualifications to be class valedictorian and will have a "speech-off" to decide who will get it. In addition to this, Artie and Tina also compete for a solo at Nationals through a performance of "My Lovin' (You're Never Gonna Get It)", during which Tina accidentally pushes Artie out of his wheelchair.  In New York, Santana Lopez (Naya Rivera) grows dissatisfied with her prospects in light of Rachel Berry's (Lea Michele) achievements on Broadway, and auditions to be Rachel's understudy in "Funny Girl" through a performance of "Don't Rain on My Parade", copying Rachel's signature moves. Rachel is infuriated, and trades insults with Santana. Their rivalry is furthered when Santana gets the job, and director Rupert Campion (Peter Facinelli) announces that the show is using the fact that they came from the same school in Ohio as part of the show's publicity.  Meanwhile, Kurt Hummel (Chris Colfer) suspects that Elliott "Starchild" Gilbert (Adam Lambert) is trying to steal the band from him, and decides to get closer by pretending to want guitar lessons. Elliott takes Kurt to a guitar store, where they perform "I Believe in a Thing Called Love" and realize they enjoy spending time together. Elliott reassures Kurt he is not trying to upstage him. Kurt uploads a picture of them together, giving Blaine Anderson (Darren Criss) slight feelings of discomfort.  At the speech-off, Artie and Tina apologize to one another by praising each other in their speeches. Sue's assembled panel, consisted of Will Schuester (Matthew Morrison), Coach Shannon Beiste (Dot-Marie Jones) and Janitor Figgins (Iqbal Theba), ends up tied, and Sue instead gives valedictorian to Blaine, making Artie and Tina co-salutatorians. While Blaine, Artie and Tina gather to sing "Breakaway" with their friends, Rachel decides to move out of the loft and cut ties with Santana, making their friendship come to an end.

Production.

The episode was in production by November 20, 2013, and Chris Colfer tweeted about "pole dancing" in a scene that morning with Adam Lambert.  Effective with this episode, the show moves from its broadcast time of 9:00 pm Eastern time on Thursday nights, its time slot for the fourth season and for the fall portion of the fifth season, to Tuesday nights at 8:00 pm Eastern time.  Special guest star Peter Facinelli returns as Rupert Campion, the "Funny Girl" director. Other recurring characters in this episode include McKinley football coach Shannon Beiste (Dot-Marie Jones), janitor and former principal Figgins (Iqbal Theba) and cheerleader Becky Jackson (Lauren Potter), and NYU student and Pamela Lansbury bandmember Elliott "Starchild" Gilbert (Lambert).  Seven songs from the episode are being released as singles: Kelly Clarkson's "Breakaway" featuring Darren Criss, McHale, and Ushkowitz; "Whenever I Call You Friend" by Kenny Loggins and Stevie Nicks and "My Lovin' (You're Never Gonna Get It)" by En Vogue, both performed by McHale and Ushkowitz; "Don't Rain on My Parade" from "Funny Girl" featuring Rivera; "Every Breath You Take" by The Police and "Brave" by Sara Bareilles, both performed by Michele and Rivera; and The Darkness's "I Believe in a Thing Called Love" featuring Lambert and Chris Colfer.

Reception.

Critical reception.

"Frenemies" met with positive reviews from critics. Daniel Sperling from "Digital Spy" said: "'Frenemies' is a decent return for "Glee", one that wisely ditches the newbies to explore and test the bonds between our favourite characters in great, if occasionally painful, detail." Christine Petralia from "BuddyTV" said: "The last few episodes last year had me not loving Glee too much, but this episode has turned it around." Laura Frances from "Screen Crave" said: "The episode was one of the strongest we’ve seen in a long time." Matt Richenthal from "TV Fanatic" said: "Glee made a triumphant return to Fox last night, airing an episode that helped us forget about that debacle of a Christmas special."

"Frenemies" is the ninth episode and spring premiere of the fifth season of the American musical television series "Glee", and the ninety-seventh episode overall. Written by Ned Martel and directed by Bradley Buecker, it aired on Fox in the United States on February 25, 2014. Effective with this episode, the show moves back to Tuesday nights at 8:00 pm Eastern time from Thursday nights at 9:00 pm Eastern time.

Frenemies je devátá epizoda páté série amerického hudebního televizního seriálu "Glee" a v celkovém pořadí devadesátá sedmá epizoda. Napsal ji Ned Martel, režíroval Bradley Buecker a poprvé se vysílala ve Spojených státech dne 25. února 2014 na televizním kanálu Fox. S touto epizodou se vysílání seriálu přesunulo ze čtvrtečního času (21 hodin večer místního času) na úterní večer (20 hodin místního času).


Plot.

Fletcher Reede is a crooked lawyer and divorced father living in Los Angeles. He loves spending time with his young son Max; they often play a game where Fletcher makes his hand into "the Claw" and pretends to chase Max with it. Fletcher, though, has a habit of giving precedence to his career, breaking promises to Max and his ex-wife Audrey, and then lying about the reasons. Fletcher's compulsive lying has also built him a reputation as a successful defense lawyer in California as he climbs the ranks in the firm he works for. Ultimately, Fletcher misses his son's birthday party because he has sex with his boss Miranda, in the hopes of making partner. Max makes a birthday wish that his father would be unable to tell a lie for an entire day — a wish that immediately becomes true.  Fletcher soon discovers, through a series of embarrassing incidents — such as when he gets thrown out of the office after telling Miranda that he has "had better" sex than he just did with her — that he is unable to lie, mislead, or even withhold a true answer. These incidents are inconvenient, as he is fighting a divorce case in court which, should he win, could be a boost to his career. His client is Samantha Cole, a gold-digger. His main witness, Kenneth Falk, who Samantha has been cheating with, is eager to commit perjury to win, but Fletcher discovers that he cannot even ask a question if he knows the answer will be a lie; during the case he even objects to himself when he tries to lie to get the desired information. Meanwhile, Audrey is planning to move to Boston with her new boyfriend Jerry, and decides that Max will go with them to protect him from the disappointment Fletcher causes him when he breaks his promises.  Fletcher tries desperately to delay the case, even beating himself up, but he cannot conceal that he is able to continue, so the judge insists that he does. Finally, when Fletcher is bound to lose the case, he discovers that Samantha had lied about her age and therefore had signed the prenuptial agreement as a minor, rendering the contract void. This entitles Samantha to 50% of her husband, Richard Cole's marital assets, equal to $11.395 million, allowing Fletcher to win the case truthfully. However, Samantha also insists on contesting custody of their children for an extra $10,000 in child support payments from Richard. A disheartened Fletcher, realizing that he had corrupted Samantha the day before by saying she was the victim, watches as she pulls her crying children out of Richard's arms. Appalled by the decision, Fletcher repeatedly tries to convince the judge to overturn the ruling, but he insults the judge's methods and is arrested for contempt of court. Fletcher calls Audrey to pay his bail, but she informs him that their plane leaves for Boston that night; his bail is eventually paid by his secretary, Greta.  Recognizing Max as his highest priority, Fletcher rushes to the airport, but the plane Audrey and Max are in has already left the terminal, so he hijacks a mobile stairway to pursue the plane onto the runway. After throwing one of his shoes at the plane's windshield, it finally stops, but Fletcher is injured after he crashes the mobile stairway. On a stretcher, Fletcher vows to Max that he will spend more time with him. He points out that it has been over 24 hours since Max's birthday wish, but Max believes him. Ultimately, Audrey and Max decide not to move to Boston with Jerry.  One year later, Fletcher and Audrey are celebrating Max's birthday. Max makes a birthday wish, and when the lights go back on, Fletcher and Audrey are kissing. Fletcher asks Max if he wished for them to get back together, but Max says he only wished for roller blades. The family seemingly returns to normal as Fletcher chases Audrey and Max around the house with "the Claw".

Cast.

"Liar Liar" was the film debut of actress Sara Paxton, who played one of Max's classmates and his birthday party attendant. It was also the last film to feature Don Keefer, who retired in 1997 before he died in 2014, and Jason Bernard, who died shortly after filming was completed. The film was dedicated in Bernard's memory.

Reception.

Critical response.

"Liar Liar" received positive reviews from critics. On Rotten Tomatoes, the film has a rating of 81%, based on 59 reviews, with an average rating of 6.87/10. The site's critical consensus reads, "Despite its thin plot, "Liar Liar" is elevated by Jim Carrey's exuberant brand of physical humor, and the result is a laugh riot that helped to broaden the comedian's appeal." On Metacritic, the film has a score of 70 out of 100, based on 20 critics, indicating "generally favorable reviews." In CinemaScore polls, audiences gave the film an "A-" grade from an A+ to F scale.  Critic Roger Ebert gave the film three stars and stated, "I am gradually developing a suspicion, or perhaps it is a fear, that Jim Carrey is growing on me," as he had given negative reviews to his previous films "Dumb and Dumber" and "".  Some critics noted similarities between the plot of this film and "The Whole Truth", an episode of "The Twilight Zone" in which a used car salesman comes into ownership of a car that is haunted and forces him to tell the truth so long as he owns it. In particular, one scene that bears a resemblance to an element used in "Liar Liar" is the part where the salesman's assistant asks for a raise, and he is compelled to come clean that there is no raise.  American Film Institute recognition:

Box office.

The film is the second of three Carrey/Shadyac collaborations, all of which did extremely well at the box office: the opening weekend made $31,423,025 in 2,845 theaters. In North America, the film made $181,410,615, and at the box office in other territories it made $121,300,000 for a total of $302,710,615.

Home video.

"Liar Liar" was released for VHS on September 30, 1997 by Universal Studios Home Video. The DVD was released on January 20, 1998 in full screen format. DTS Full Screen and Collector's Edition Widescreen versions were also released for DVD in 1999. The Blu-ray with Multi-Format (including a Digital Copy and Ultraviolet) was released on July 9, 2013, it was also released on the 1990s Best of the Decade Edition on Blu-ray and re-released on October 16, 2018. A new DVD was re-released on May 10, 2016 by Universal Pictures Home Entertainment.

Liar Liar is a 1997 American fantasy comedy film directed by Tom Shadyac, written by Paul Guay and Stephen Mazur and starring Jim Carrey, who was nominated for a Golden Globe Award for Best Actor in a Comedy.

Lhář, lhář (v americkém originále:Liar Liar) je americká filmová komedie z roku 1997. Režisérem filmu je Tom Shadyac. Hlavní role ve filmu ztvárnili Jim Carrey, Maura Tierney, Justin Cooper, Jennifer Tilly a Amanda Donohoe.


Early life and studies.

Clarke was born in Norwich, the son of Edward Clarke, an alderman of Norwich and Member of Parliament, and brother of John Clarke. He was educated at Norwich School and Caius College, Cambridge. His tutor at Caius was John Ellis, a personal friend of Isaac Newton, but who in natural philosophy taught in line with the Cartesianism that prevailed in the university.  Clarke, however, came to adopt the new physical system of Newton; he used the vehicle of an annotated translation of a work on physics in the Cartesian tradition to comment on the superiority of the Newtonian system. This textbook was published in 1697, and in the same year Clarke met the Newtonian William Whiston. It was a chance encounter in Norwich, but Whiston was then chaplain to John Moore, bishop of Norwich. Having taken holy orders, Clarke became chaplain to Moore in Whiston's place, and was presented by Moore to the rectory of Drayton, Norfolk.  In 1706, through the influence of Moore, Clarke obtained the rectory of St Benet Paul's Wharf, London. Soon afterwards Queen Anne appointed him one of her chaplains in ordinary, and in 1709 presented him to the rectory of St James's, Westminster. His church brought Clarke into personal contact with Newton.

Boyle Lectures (1704).

Clarke was Boyle lecturer for two years, and produced two books. The Newtonian theologians used the Boyle Lectures to attack opponents (Thomas Hobbes and Baruch Spinoza, deists and freethinkers in particular). Clarke's lectures set the agenda for further debates. He dealt in 1704 with the "Being and Attributes of God", an example of a physico-theological system; and in 1705 with the "Evidences of Natural and Revealed Religion". These books were later published together.  Clarke's reputation rested largely on his effort to demonstrate the existence of God, and his theory of the foundation of rectitude. The former is not a purely "a priori" argument, and it was not presented as such. The intelligence, for example, of the self-existence and original cause of all things is, he says, "not easily proved "a priori"," but "demonstrably proved "a posteriori" from the variety and degrees of perfection in things, and the order of causes and effects, from the intelligence that created beings are confessedly endowed with, and from the beauty, order, and final purpose of things." The theses maintained in the argument are:  In order to establish his sixth thesis, Clarke contended that time and space, eternity and immensity, are not substances, but attributes: the attributes of a self-existent being. The work of Clarke on the existence of God set off a British debate that lasted to the middle of the century. Edmund Law and other writers represented Clarke as arguing from the existence of time and space to the existence of Deity. Law was influenced by a 1718 work of Samuel Colliber that modified Clarke's approach.

Correspondence with Anthony Collins.

The public correspondence of Samuel Clarke with the English freethinker Anthony Collins in 1707 and 1708 was a debate on the nature of consciousness. The principal focus of the correspondence was the possibility of a materialist theory of mind. Collins defended the materialist position that consciousness was an emergent property of the brain, while Clarke opposed such a view and argued that mind and consciousness must be distinct from matter. The correspondence also inquired into the origins of consciousness, personal identity, free will, and determinism.  The debate arose from a controversy of 1706 on the immortality of the soul. Clarke published a refutation of the views of Henry Dodwell, and this drew in Collins, who wrote a "Letter to Mr Dodwell" in his defence. By the sixth edition (1731), Clarke's own "Letter to Mr Dodwell" of 1706 had grown to 475 pages, including the replies of Collins. Clarke's main argument against Dodwell was that the soul, being immaterial, must be immortal. John Norris argued differently, though on Clarke's side of the debate, using in particular the ideas of Malebranche. Collins challenged Clarke on the ground of his substance dualism.

"The Scripture Doctrine of the Trinity" (1712).

Clarke studied scripture in the original languages, and the primitive Christian writers. He took the degree of doctor in divinity in 1710, defending as his thesis the two propositions: "Nullum fidei Christianae dogma, in Sacris Scripturis traditum, est rectae rationi dissentaneum", and "Sine actionum humanarum libertate nulla potest esse religio". The formal disputation was long remembered for Clarke's virtuosity; but the presiding Regius Professor, Henry James, received the distinct impression that Clarke's views on the Trinity were unorthodox. Clarke was required to swear to keep the 39 Articles; and his attempt at self-justification by putting his views in book form were not immediately successful.  During 1712 Clarke published his treatise on "The Scripture Doctrine of the Trinity". It is divided into three parts. The first contains a collection and exegesis of texts in the New Testament relating to the doctrine of the Trinity; in the second the doctrine is set out, and explained as a set of propositions; and in the third passages in the liturgy of the Church of England relating to the doctrine of the Trinity are considered.  Whiston claimed that, some time before publication, a message was sent to Clarke by Sidney Godolphin, to the effect "the affairs of the public were with difficulty then kept in the hands of those that were for liberty", and that therefore it was a bad time for the publication of a controversial book. Clarke in any case took no notice of any Whig qualms.  Maurice Wiles calls Clarke's views "moderate Arianism". At the time they were certainly denounced as Arianism; they belonged, as did Newton's, to the type of antitrinitarianism later called "High Arianism". Clarke's position was subordinationist, and less radical than Newton's and typical English Unitarians of his time. He looked at 1251 biblical texts, and rejected the "comma Johanneum". He made a more careful case than Whiston.

The Trinitarian controversy.

The controversy within the Church of England to which Clarke was a major contributor had been initiated by George Bull, with his publication in 1685 of views on the opinions of the Church Fathers before the First Council of Nicaea (325 AD). He was reacting to issues that had been raised elsewhere in Europe, by Petavius, by Christopher Sandius and Daniel Zwicker for the Socinian camp, and the Arminians.  It was only with the close discussions of Clarke and his major opponent Daniel Waterland, a generation later, that the theological and historical points involved came clearly into focus. Clarke and Waterland had definite differences on the theology of consubstantiality and aseity.  Waterland argued in theology for the Anglican orthodoxy of time, in particular that the possible attitudes were, besides the orthodox Athanasian view, limited to Arianism and Sabellianism; and that the two latter were not consistent with Scripture. He also championed Bull's historical claim, that the Fathers before Nicaea held the views that were orthodox after Nicaea. Clarke's resistance to both points has had serious support from modern scholars.  The trajectory of the English controversy from 1712 involved at least ten writers. By summer 1714 the debate on "The Scripture Doctrine of the Trinity" had ramified, and provoked a formal complaint from the Lower House of Convocation: the Blasphemy Act 1697 still made it an offence for "any person, educated in or having made profession of the Christian religion, by writing, preaching, teaching or advised speaking, to deny the Holy Trinity". Clarke drew up an apologetic preface, and then gave explanations which satisfied the Upper House of Convocation. He had strong supporters among the bishops. Clarke promised not to preach or write on the topic. Arthur Ashley Sykes and John Jackson from then on acted as his proxies. Other main participants in the controversy were John Edwards, Francis Gastrell, James Knight who published with Bull's biographer Robert Nelson, Richard Mayo of Great Kimble (son of the nonconformist Richard Mayo), Stephen Nye, Edward Welchman and Edward Wells.  Caroline of Ansbach, the Princess of Wales, requested that Clarke defend his views in a disputation with Edward Hawarden, and it took place in 1719, in her presence. Hawarden returned to the subject in "Answer to Dr. Clarke and Mr. Whiston" (1729).

Correspondence with Leibniz.

In 1715 and 1716 Clarke had a discussion with Gottfried Leibniz on the principles of natural philosophy and religion, which was cut short when Leibniz died. A collection of the papers which passed between them was published in 1717.

Later life and death.

In 1719 Clarke was presented by Nicholas Lechmere, 1st Baron Lechmere, to the mastership of Wigston's hospital in Leicester. In 1727, on the death of Sir Isaac Newton, he was offered by the court the place of master of the mint, worth on an average from £1200 to £1500 a year. He refused the post.  On Sunday 11 May 1729, when going out to preach before the judges at Serjeants' Inn, Clarke had a sudden illness. It caused his death on the Saturday following, in London.

Translations.

Clarke published a Latin version of the "Traité de physique" of Jacques Rohault (1617(?)-1672) with notes, which he finished before he was twenty-two. The system of Rohault was based on Cartesian principles, and was previously known only through the medium of a crude Latin version. Clarke's translation (1697) continued to be used as a text-book in the university till supplanted by the treatises of Newton. Four editions were issued, the last being that of 1718. It was translated into English in 1723 by his younger brother John, dean of Salisbury.  In 1706 Clarke translated Newton's "Opticks" into Latin, for which the author presented him with £500. In 1709, at the request of the author, Clarke revised William Whiston's English translation of the "Apostolical Constitutions". In 1712 he published an annotated edition of "Caesar's Commentaries", with engravings, dedicated to John Churchill, 1st Duke of Marlborough.  In 1729 he published the first twelve books of Homer's "Iliad". This edition, dedicated to William Augustus, Duke of Cumberland, was praised by Bishop Hoadly. Three years after his death appeared also the last twelve books of the "Iliad", published by his son Samuel Clarke, the first three of these books and part of the fourth having, as he states, been revised and annotated by his father.

Other works.

In 1699 Clarke published two treatises: "Three Practical Essays on Baptism, Confirmation and Repentance" and "Some Reflections on that part of a book called Amyntor, or a Defence of Milton's Life, which relates to the Writings of the Primitive Fathers, and the Canon of the New Testament". In 1701 he published "A Paraphrase upon the Gospel of St Matthew", which was followed, in 1702, by the "Paraphrases upon the Gospels of St Mark and St Luke", and soon afterwards by a third volume upon St John. They were subsequently printed together in two volumes and passed through several editions.  In 1724 Clarke published seventeen sermons, eleven of which had not before been printed. In 1728 was published "A Letter from Dr Clarke to Benjamin Hoadly, F.R.S., occasioned by the controversy relating to the Proportion of Velocity and Force in Bodies in Motion," printed in the "Philosophical Transactions".  Soon after his death his brother, Dr John Clarke, published, from his original manuscripts, "An Exposition of the Church Catechism", and ten volumes of sermons. The "Exposition" is composed of the lectures which he read on Thursday mornings, for some months in the year, at St James's church. He revised them, and left them ready for the press.

Moral views.

Clarke's ethical theory of "fitness" is formulated on the analogy of mathematics. He held that in relation to the will things possess an objective fitness similar to the mutual consistency of things in the physical universe. This fitness God has given to actions, as he has given laws to Nature; and the fitness is as immutable as the laws. The theory was criticized by Théodore Simon Jouffroy, Amédée Jacques, Sir James Mackintosh, Thomas Brown, Francis Hutcheson, and others, but substantially defended by John Balguy against Hutcheson's sentimentalist case against moral rationalism. A similar form of moral rationalism is developed by the Cambridge Platonist Ralph Cudworth.

Influence.

Clarke had an influence on Enlightenment philosophers including Lord Monboddo. He left notes on the "Book of Common Prayer". These became the source of Theophilus Lindsey's "The Book of Common Prayer Reformed According to the Plan of the Late Dr. Samuel Clarke" 1774, and other liturgical works.

Family.

Clarke married his first cousin Katherine Lockwood (d. 1753), daughter of the Rev. Mr. Lockwood of Little Massingham, Norfolk and Katherine Clarke in St Margaret's Church, Burnham Norton, Norfolk on 17 October 1700. They had seven children, of whom five survived him., only three childrens are mentioned in their mother's will, Samuel, Dorothy and Katherine. Clarke surviving son Samuel Clarke (b. 1710) died without issue sometime in 1778, his will was proved by his cousin Frances Clarke one of the daughters of his uncle John Clarke on 13th May 1778.

Notes.

Attribution

Samuel Clarke (11 October 1675 – 17 May 1729) was an English philosopher and Anglican clergyman. He is considered the major British figure in philosophy between John Locke and George Berkeley.

Samuel Clarke (11. října 1675 Norwich, Spojené království – 17. května 1729 Leicester, tamtéž) byl britský teolog a filozof. Byl představitelem anglikanismu, od roku 1707 farářem v Londýně, přítel Isaaca Newtona, jehož filozofické učení zastával v listech Leibnizovi.


Sites of interest.

Mount Sipylus National Park ("Spil Dağı Milli Parkı") near the city of Manisa embraces a richly forested area, hot springs, the famous "crying rock" of Niobe, and a Hittite carving of the mother-goddess Cybele. The park boasts about 120 varieties of native plants within its boundaries, especially wild tulips. The park provides opportunities for mountaineering and camping.  Sardis, in the present-day municipality of Salihli, was the ancient capital of Lydia, once ruled by King Croesus, who was renowned for his wealth. Due to numerous earthquakes, most of the visible remains date back only to Roman times. There are the remains of the temple of Artemis and a restored gymnasium, exhibiting of the past splendor of this ancient city. The splendid synagogue from the 3rd century is worth visiting, with its elaborate mosaics and artfully carved colored-stone panels.  Akhisar, the ancient city of Thyatira, was one of the Seven Churches of the Book of Revelation and the remains of the ancient city is found in part of the city called "Tepe Mezarlığı" (hill cemetery). More recently, it has become an important commercial center in the province and is its second largest after Manisa.  The city of Alaşehir is where the remains of the ancient city of Philadelphia, another of the Seven Churches, is found. There is little left of the ancient city, except some ruins of a Byzantine church.  The villages of Mount Yunt (Yunt Dağı) and the towns of Gördes, Kula and Demirci are known for their carpets and kilims. The houses in Kula are also local examples of Ottoman architecture.  In addition, there are many thermal springs throughout the area.  The province is highly developed in terms of industrial activities, which are especially concentrated in the largest four centers of Manisa, Turgutlu, Akhisar and Salihli.

Manisa Province () is a province in western Turkey. Its neighboring provinces are İzmir to the west, Aydın to the south, Denizli to the southeast, Uşak to the east, Kütahya to the northeast, and Balıkesir to the north. The city of Manisa is the seat and capital of the province. The traffic code is 45.

Maniská provincie je tureckou provincií, nachází se v západním Turecku. Rozloha provincie činí 13 810 km2, v roce 2010 zde žilo 1 379 484 obyvatel. Hlavním městem je Manisa. V roce 2014 se v uhelném dole ve městě Soma odehrálo důlní neštěstí, které stálo život 301 horníků.


Education and career.

Alfred Brauer was Richard's brother and seven years older. They were born to a Jewish family. Both were interested in science and mathematics, but Alfred was injured in combat in World War I. As a boy, Richard dreamt of becoming an inventor, and in February 1919 enrolled in Technische Hochschule Berlin-Charlottenburg. He soon transferred to University of Berlin. Except for the summer of 1920 when he studied at University of Freiburg, he studied in Berlin, being awarded his Ph.D. on 16 March 1926. Issai Schur conducted a seminar and posed a problem in 1921 that Alfred and Richard worked on together, and published a result. The problem also was solved by Heinz Hopf at the same time. Richard wrote his thesis under Schur, providing an algebraic approach to irreducible, continuous, finite-dimensional representations of real orthogonal (rotation) groups.  Ilse Karger also studied mathematics at the University of Berlin; she and Richard were married 17 September 1925. Their sons George Ulrich (born 1927) and Fred Gunther (born 1932) also became mathematicians. Brauer began his teaching career in Königsberg (now Kaliningrad) working as Konrad Knopp’s assistant. Brauer expounded central division algebras over a perfect field while in Königsberg; the isomorphism classes of such algebras form the elements of the Brauer group he introduced.  When the Nazi Party took over in 1933, the Emergency Committee in Aid of Displaced Foreign Scholars took action to help Brauer and other Jewish scientists. Brauer was offered an assistant professorship at University of Kentucky. Richard accepted the offer, and by the end of 1933 he was in Lexington, Kentucky, teaching in English. Ilse followed the next year with George and Fred; brother Alfred made it to the United States in 1939, but their sister Alice was killed in the Holocaust.  Hermann Weyl invited Richard to assist him at Princeton's Institute for Advanced Study in 1934. Richard and Nathan Jacobson edited Weyl's lectures "Structure and Representation of Continuous Groups". Through the influence of Emmy Noether, Richard was invited to University of Toronto to take up a faculty position. With his graduate student Cecil J. Nesbitt he developed modular representation theory, published in 1937. Robert Steinberg, Stephen Arthur Jennings, and Ralph Stanton were also Brauer’s students in Toronto. Brauer also conducted international research with Tadasi Nakayama on representations of algebras. In 1941 University of Wisconsin hosted visiting professor Brauer. The following year he visited the Institute for Advanced Study and Bloomington, Indiana where Emil Artin was teaching.  In 1948 Richard and Ilse moved to Ann Arbor, Michigan where he and Robert M. Thrall contributed to the program in modern algebra at University of Michigan. With his graduate student K. A. Fowler, Brauer proved the Brauer–Fowler theorem. Donald John Lewis was another of his students at University of Michigan.  In 1952 Brauer joined the faculty of Harvard University. Before retiring in 1971 he taught aspiring mathematicians such as Donald Passman and I. Martin Isaacs. The Brauers frequently traveled to see their friends such as Reinhold Baer, Werner Wolfgang Rogosinski, and Carl Ludwig Siegel.

Mathematical work.

Several theorems bear his name, including Brauer's induction theorem, which has applications in number theory as well as finite group theory, and its corollary Brauer's characterization of characters, which is central to the theory of group characters.  The Brauer–Fowler theorem, published in 1956, later provided significant impetus towards the classification of finite simple groups, for it implied that there could only be finitely many finite simple groups for which the centralizer of an involution (element of order 2) had a specified structure.  Brauer applied modular representation theory to obtain subtle information about group characters, particularly via his three main theorems. These methods were particularly useful in the classification of finite simple groups with low rank Sylow 2-subgroups. The Brauer–Suzuki theorem showed that no finite simple group could have a generalized quaternion Sylow 2-subgroup, and the Alperin–Brauer–Gorenstein theorem classified finite groups with wreathed or quasidihedral Sylow 2-subgroups. The methods developed by Brauer were also instrumental in contributions by others to the classification program: for example, the Gorenstein–Walter theorem, classifying finite groups with a dihedral Sylow 2-subgroup, and Glauberman's Z* theorem. The theory of a block with a cyclic defect group, first worked out by Brauer in the case when the principal block has defect group of order "p", and later worked out in full generality by E. C. Dade, also had several applications to group theory, for example to finite groups of matrices over the complex numbers in small dimension. The Brauer tree is a combinatorial object associated to a block with cyclic defect group which encodes much information about the structure of the block.  In 1970, he was awarded the National Medal of Science.

Hypercomplex numbers.

Eduard Study had written an article on hypercomplex numbers for Klein's encyclopedia in 1898. This article was expanded for the French language edition by Henri Cartan in 1908. By the 1930s there was evident need to update Study’s article, and Richard Brauer was commissioned to write on the topic for the project. As it turned out, when Brauer had his manuscript prepared in Toronto in 1936, though it was accepted for publication, politics and war intervened. Nevertheless, Brauer kept his manuscript through the 1940s, 1950s, and 1960s, and in 1979 it was published by Okayama University in Japan. It also appeared posthumously as paper #22 in the first volume of his "Collected Papers". His title was "Algebra der hyperkomplexen Zahlensysteme (Algebren)". Unlike the articles by Study and Cartan, which were exploratory, Brauer’s article reads as a modern abstract algebra text with its universal coverage. Consider his introduction:  While still in Königsberg in 1929, Brauer published an article in Mathematische Zeitschrift "Über Systeme hyperkomplexer Zahlen" which was primarily concerned with integral domains (Nullteilerfrei systeme) and the field theory which he used later in Toronto.

Richard Dagobert Brauer (February 10, 1901 – April 17, 1977) was a leading German and American mathematician. He worked mainly in abstract algebra, but made important contributions to number theory. He was the founder of modular representation theory.

Richard Dagobert Brauer (10. února 1901 Charlottenburg, Berlín, Německé císařství – 17. dubna 1977 Belmont, Massachusetts, USA) byl německý matematik žijící v USA. Pracoval zejména v oblastech abstraktní algebry a teorie čísel. Je také zakladatelem modulární teorie reprezentací. Je po něm pojmenováno velké množství matematických vět a konceptů.


Biography.

Born in Boucherville, Quebec, Desmarteau was member of the Montréal Athletic Club was one of the top competitors in the 56 lb (25.4 kg) weight throwing event, which is no longer an Olympic event. In 1902 he had won the American AAU championships, beating John Flanagan. Flanagan broke the world record in the event prior to the 1904 Olympics, making him one of the favourites for the event along with Desmarteau.  To compete in the Olympics, Desmarteau, a police officer in Montréal, had to ask for a leave of absence to go to St. Louis, but he was denied by his employer. He decided to go anyway, which cost him his job. In St. Louis, his first throw was 34 ft 4 in (10.46 m), enough for victory over Flanagan, who did not manage better than a 33 ft 4 in (10.16 m) throw. At the 1904 Olympics, Desmarteau was the only non-American to win in the field events.  Desmarteau received a hero's welcome back in Montréal and was rehired as a police officer. The following year, he died, possibly of typhoid fever.  A district, a park and a sports arena in Montréal have been named after him; the Étienne Desmarteau Centre was used as a venue for basketball during the 1976 Summer Olympics. The District d'Étienne Desmarteau is part of the borough of Rosemont–La Petite-Patrie.  It is contended that Desmarteau was the first Olympic Games champion from Canada, although 1900 Summer Olympics champion George Orton, who ran for an American university, was also Canadian.

Étienne Desmarteau (4 February 1873 – 29 October 1905) was a Canadian athlete, winner of the weight throwing event at the 1904 Summer Olympics.

Étienne Desmarteau (4. února 1873 Boucherville – 29. října 1905 Montreal) byl kanadský atlet, olympijský vítěz v hodu břemenem z roku 1904.