In New Zealand.

Provinces.

Waldrom made his Wellington Lions provincial debut in 2001 against Otago. He went on to play 80 games for Wellington at provincial level before moving to the Hawke's Bay for the 2009 season. Waldrom had become something of a fan favourite at McLean Park with his high work rate and powerful runs with the ball. In 2009 he helped the Magpies to a semi final, scoring 4 tries along the way.

Super Rugby.

Waldrom made his Super Rugby debut in 2004 for the Hurricanes against the Stormers. He went on to play 30 caps for the Hurricanes before signing with the Crusaders for the 2009 season, where he would be a regular for one season.

Move to England.

Leicester Tigers.

On 23 February 2010 English Champions Leicester Tigers announced the signing of Waldrom and that he would join the team at the conclusion of the 2010 Super Rugby season. Waldrom instantly became a firm favourite at Welford Road and was given the nickname "Thomas the tank engine", due to his size and rampaging runs to which he has taken to giving an arm gesture as if blowing a train engines horn when scoring a try.  Throughout his time at the Tigers, he played 103 matches and scored 17 tries. Having won his first Premiership title with the team in 2013, he was not offered a new contract past 2014.

Exeter Chiefs.

2014-15.

On 20 January 2014 Exeter Chiefs confirmed the signing of Waldrom to a 3-year contract. Waldrom marked his first Aviva Premiership appearance for Exeter with 2 tries in an Exeter Chiefs record Premiership winning margin. Waldrom scored a remarkable 16 tries during the 2014-15 season to end as the League's top try scorer as Exeter narrowly missed out on a play-off spot. This made him the first forward since Neil Back in the 1998-99 season to achieve this feat. He also helped Exeter's charge to the Challenge Cup Semi-Final that year.

2015-16.

In December, Waldrom scored his first Premiership hat-trick in Exeter's 27-41 away win at Wasps. He would score another hat-trick against Worcester as he finished as top try scorer for a second year in a row in the Premiership. Exeter. Waldrom missed Exeter's first Premiership Final, a 28-20 loss to Saracens, due to a knee injury sustained against Wasps in the Semi-Final.  Waldrom scored two tries in Exeter's first Champions Cup Quarter-Final against Wasps. However, this was not enough to prevent Wasps securing a last-minute win. Despite his good form, Waldrom missed out on selection for Eddie Jones' first England squad.

2016-17.

In the 2016-17 season Waldrom scored 9 tries in 20 appearances as Exeter finished in second position in the Aviva Premiership regular season. In the play-offs, Waldrom helped Exeter beat Saracens 18-16 to reach the final for a second year in a row, this time playing League toppers and 5 time Premiership champions Wasps. Exeter won 20-23 aet to be crowned champions of England for the first time.

2017-18.

Due to the emergence of Sam Simmonds, Waldron's playing time has been limited in the 2017-18 season. This has not stopped Waldrom scoring 2 tries to bring his total to 40 Exeter Premiership tries.  On 4 February 2018, Waldrom confirmed that he would be returning to his native New Zealand at the end of the 2017-18 season, after four seasons at the Chiefs. He will rejoin his old province Wellington for the 2018 Mitre 10 Cup.

England.

Having discovered he was eligible to play for England in March 2011, Waldrom was named in the 45-man England training squad for the 2011 Rugby World Cup in New Zealand. Waldrom was initially cut from the 30-man squad, but an injury to prop Andrew Sheridan meant he was called in as an injury replacement during the World Cup final pool stages.  Waldrom did not make an appearance for England until the next year. He was selected as part of England's squad for their 2012 tour of South Africa. Having scored two tries in a mid-week match against SA Barbarians South, he was selected on the bench for the second test, coming on to replace Ben Morgan in the second-half. His first Test start came the next week in England's 14-14 third test draw. Waldrom's first Six Nations Championship appearance came in England's away win against Ireland in 2013.  Since Eddie Jones became England's coach in 2015, Waldrom has not been selected for the international squad.

Personal life.

Born in Lower Hutt, New Zealand, Thomas the younger brother of former All Black Scott Waldrom.  As a teenager, Waldrom specialised in shot put, discus and hammer throwing, setting several school and club records in these sports.  The younger brother of former All Black Scott Waldrom, he was overlooked by the All Blacks selectors while playing in New Zealand, and after making his move to England, had aspirations of eventually playing for the England national team. Under International Rugby Board (IRB) regulations, he would not be eligible for England until being resident in the country for three years. In March 2011 Waldrom discovered his maternal grandmother was born in England, immediately making him eligible for selection to the National Team.

Thomas Waldrom (born 28 April 1983) is a former rugby union player who played for Exeter Chiefs in the English Premiership and represented England from 2012 to 2013. Born in Lower Hutt, New Zealand, he qualified for England through his grandmother, winning four caps.

<dfn>Thomas R. Waldrom</dfn>, né le à Lower Hutt, est un joueur de rugby à XV néo-zélandais qui joue au poste de troisième ligne centre. Après avoir joué plusieurs saisons en Nouvelle-Zélande dans le NPC et en Super 14, il rejoint les Leicester Tigers en 2010.


Gameplay.

"Gift" is a 3-D action-adventure game, which parodies the world of computer games. The game is set in eight 3-D worlds. The characters found in these environments imitate characters from existing games, cartoons, and films.  The playable character, Gift, has special talents that can be manipulated throughout the game including the ability to fly, swim, climb, jump and undertake death-defying leaps. In addition to arming himself with a special energy-powered staff, water jets, cannons and a vast collection of imaginative weapons, the game features challenging real-time puzzle solving situations set against elaborately illustrated 3-D environments.  A unique feature is how light is used to impact the gameplay. Throughout the game, Gift must fend off a host of enemies including 'the Little Clears' and 'the Little Darks'. Because the Little Clears are afraid of the dark, it is important for him to remain in the light. By doing this, the Little Clears will not be able to detect Gift. In order to eliminate the Little Darks, Gift must launch a fireball to illuminate an area so he can see the foes. The game requires players to constantly make decisions by working with the unfolding story, making use of power-ups and clues along the way.  The game enables players to change from the third-person perspective to the first-person point of view. This gives the game more edge and variety, particularly when using an arsenal of weapons.

Plot.

A fictional game being tested has exhausted all the heroes who have already been assigned to rescue princess Lolita Globo. Gift, a sneaky and overweight slob with a big mouth, is the latest hero to volunteer for the job. Armed with a magic staff, his mission is to conquer The Shadow of the Black Deep Dark Night. In doing so, he must lead seven dwarves to Lolita, who suffers from Snow White delusions, in seven worlds crammed with parodies of famous games and films.  Each of the seven worlds holds danger. Gift must battle, solve puzzles, be resourceful, and constantly test his abilities to survive and conquer the opposing dark forces. Gift must collect seven dwarves from the worlds Tiptanic, Alcatraz, Star Stress, Drakuland, Iceland, Paztec and Mine of Horror, each dwarf providing clues to where Lolita can be found. In this eighth and final world, Gift must encircle the princess with the dwarves. This will enable Gift to rescue his true love from the clutches of the Shadow of the Black Deep Dark Night. Each world is led by one of the dwarves, who each have their own idiosyncratic personalities: lust, envy, anger, laziness, miser, greed, and vanity.

Development and release.

Design.

Phillipe Ulrich served as creative director over Cryo Interactive's games. Ulrich thought of the game concept ten years prior to its release and remained involved in its production. Development had been triggered by a conversation with Régis Loisel. Together, they devised the characters, world, and plot, infusing it with Loisel's unique art style. The duo approached the young development studio Eko Software, which created a 3-D game engine specifically for the game. Eko Software was founded in 1999 specifically for the game.  The team used exact measurements for each room, building it like an architectural model, informed by the gameplay rules, such as characters being allowed to move across the screen and into the light. The illustrators then designed the lighting and aesthetic of each room. The 3-D graphic artists created models of the room based on the concept art. Bitmappers drew the walls, objects, etcetera, and mappers added images to the rooms.  The characters were designed as a result of Loisel's research. The modeler created a triangle-based wire sculpture, and then texture-mapped the character image on top of the sculpture. The cartoonist created animations for physical actions of the characters walking, jumping, climbing, etc. The speed and length of movements were adjusted according to the gameplay. After creating one character, Loisel designed companions and enemies to populate the universe.  The game borrows motifs from franchises like "Tomb Raider", "Rayman", "Quake", "The Matrix" and "Star Wars". Cryo UK's MD Stuart Furnival explained, "We've taken some of the elements from "Crash Bandicoot" and "Tomb Raider", and developed a hybrid of the platform and action adventure genres to create a contemporary, sophisticated and unique game." Cryo advertised "Gift" as one of the first video games to parody other video games.

Release.

Cryo Interactive developed "Gift" for the Sony PlayStation 2, Game Boy Color, and PC platforms. The game was intended to launch first on Game Boy and PC in November 2001, then followed up with a release on PlayStation 2 late that year. The PC release was set for November 10 in the UK, alongside a game called "Arthur's Knights", based on the Arthurian legend. Their website had a Game Boy Color release for November 2000 and a PlayStation 2 release for April 2001. The Game Boy Color version was later pushed back to December. The developer demonstrated the Game Boy Color version at the European Computer Trade Show. On September 27, 2000, Cryo Interactive told "IGN" that the American publisher would be announced within two weeks. For the PlayStation 2 version, Cryo gave the game retouched graphics and fifteen extra rooms. A localized version of the game was released in Poland on May 25, 2001. The game was released May 2001 in the Czech Republic. The game was distributed in the Czech Republic by Bohemia Interactive, who also created the Czech game manual. The game was released in Spanish in 2000, including a four-page translated manual. In September 2001, the game's price was lowered. A demo of the game was released with a November 2000 issue of "Level38 Magazine". The PlayStation 2 version was cancelled in the US and unreleased in Japan and Australia.  An animated TV series adaptation of the game, directed by Fred Louf, was broadcast on France 2 in 2005. Philippe Ulrich produced the music for the project. Produced by Shipowners, Melusine Productions, and Art & Esprit, the series consisted of 26 episodes running at around 13 minutes each. The series' first wireless broadcast was on July 2, 2005, on France 2–CD2A, and reruns aired until June 8, 2008, on France 2–KD2A.

Reception.

"IGN" stated that Cryo Interactive had managed to create "a little devil of a character" that would provide a brand new platform experience to the PlayStation 2. "Eurogamer" gave the game 7 out of 10, and said "despite his cute bug-eyes he is actually quite repulsive! The game does deserve to do well though on the strength of its well worked puzzles alone." French site "Jeuxvideo.com" felt that the PlayStation 2 version was worth playing in an area lacking in good games, praising its universe and original scenario while commenting that the PC version had a friendly and tense atmosphere. Of the Game Boy version, Jeuxvideo.com deemed it simplistic, weary and too short. French site "Gamekult" felt that "Gift"'s gameplay and graphics make it a platform game that is quite recommendable, even if it was not the revelation of the year. The website stated that the game "achieved relative success on PC". Czech site "Doupe.cz" felt that Cryo Interactive was known as the creator of brilliant storytelling adventures, precise processing, and a revolutionary shift along with each new title, although "Gift" did not seem to offer as much new content to the genre as other Cryo Interactive titles.  Polish site "Kzet" found that the game's unusual characters, interesting scenario ideas and surrealistic interiors – all flavored with a pinch of humor – create a fascinating atmosphere that makes the game interesting. "Gry Online" deemed the game both interesting and addictive, and felt its difficulty challenged the perception of platforms being a genre for children. "Bonusweb" praised the title for not just being for young or casual players, but for appealing to the entire gaming community. However, it felt that the poor level design and camera work let the game down. The site felt the Game Boy Advanced version was a disappointment and not as good as it could have been. Santiago Lamelo Fagilde at "Meristation" wrote that even though he did not like the genre and reviewed the game out of obligation, he found it relatively enjoyable.  "Play2" asserted that while the creators had intended to revolutionise the genre, "Gift" had been a missed opportunity. "Game.EXE" wrote that the game was both beautiful and clever, though very difficult. Doupe felt the game proved Cryo was able to make good games in a variety of genres, not just in adventures that the company had been known for, though felt it was not as interesting as the company's other games. "Console Plus" gave the PC version a rating of 84% and felt it was a pity that the Game Boy Color version's gameplay was not very good, ultimately giving it 77%. "PC PowerPlay" deemed it a "challenging and controversial tour de force". "PPE.pl" asserts that the gameplay is relatively linear. "SME Tech" praised the game's environments, soundscape, and gameplay.

Gift is a platform game developed by French studio Eko System that parodies elements of popular adventure games. It was created by Cryo Interactive's creative director Philippe Ulrich (creator of the "Dune" video game) and by author, cartoonist and illustrator Régis Loisel. The game is set over ten levels in a full 3-D world.

Le jeu connaît deux versions : l'une pour PC et PlayStation 2, est développée par Eko Software et est un jeu d'action en 3D à la troisième personne ; l'autre, pour Game Boy Color, est développée par Cryo et est un jeu d'action en vue du dessus. Les deux versions développent la même histoire et le même type de "gameplay".


Plot.

In the observatory, the astronomer is studying at his desk. Satan appears, then a woman appears and makes Satan vanish. Then she disappears. The astronomer draws a globe on a blackboard. The globe develops a sun-like head and limbs and starts to move on the blackboard. The astronomer looks through a small telescope.  The Moon appears in a building as a large face. It has eaten the astronomer's telescope. Men tumble from its mouth. Then the Moon is in the sky. The astronomer, in a different dress, stands on a table, which disappears. He falls.  The Moon becomes a crescent. A spirit, in the form of a lady, appears from it. The astronomer chases her, but she eludes him.  Now another figure stands in the crescent of the Moon, before reclining into its C shape.  The Moon appears as a large face again, and the astronomer jumps into its mouth. a woman and Satan appears. The astronomer appears again. Then, in the observatory, the astronomer is sitting asleep in his chair.

Production Notes.

The film was hand colored like many of Méliès' other films.  When this film was imported into the United States by producer Sigmund Lubin in 1899 he re-titled it "A Trip to the Moon." However this had no relation to the 1902 film "A Trip to the Moon".

Current status.

Given its age, this short film is available to freely download from the Internet.

The Astronomer's Dream (, original title: La lune à un mètre a.k.a. The Moon at One Meter) (Star Film Catalogue no. 160-162) is an 1898 French short black-and-white silent film, directed by Georges Méliès.

La Lune à un mètre est un film de Georges Méliès sorti en 1898 au début du cinéma muet. C'est un court-métrage d'environ trois minutes.


Biography.

Baker was born in Burdine, Kentucky and learned the fiddle by accompanying his father, also a fiddler. Early on, he was influenced by the swing fiddler Marion Sumner, as well as Django Reinhardt and Stéphane Grappelli. After working for Bethlehem Steel in the coal mines of Kentucky, he served in the United States Navy before pursuing a musical career full-time. He soon joined Don Gibson's band as a replacement for Marion Sumner. Baker, who played western swing, had little interest in bluegrass music until he heard ""Wheel Hoss"" and ""Roanoke"". During a package show with Don Gibson, Baker met Monroe and was offered a job. He cut his first recordings with Monroe's Blue Grass Boys on December 15, 1957.  Kenny Baker served more years in Monroe's band than any other musician and was selected by Monroe to record the fiddle tunes passed down from Uncle Pen Vandiver. After leaving the Blue Grass Boys in 1984, Baker played with a group of friends, Bob Black, Alan Murphy, and Aleta Murphy. Bob Black and Alan Murphy recorded an album with Baker in 1973, "Dry & Dusty". After the one summer with Black and the Murphy's, Baker teamed with Josh Graves, who had played resonator guitar for Lester Flatt & Earl Scruggs as a Foggy Mountain Boy. Baker teamed with Graves until Graves' death in 2006.  Baker is considered to be one of the most influential fiddlers in bluegrass music. His "long-bow" style added a smoothness and clarity to the fiddle-based music of his boss, Grand Ole Opry member Bill Monroe. His long tenure with Bill Monroe included banjo player Bill Keith's development of the "melodic" method of banjo playing that included note for note representations of fiddle tunes on the banjo.  He recorded many albums for various record labels, including County Records, Jasmine, Rounder Records, Ridge Runner Records, and most recently OMS Records. His most recent recordings include "Cotton Baggin' 2000" and "Spider Bit the Baby" on OMS Records. It was often mentioned that Kenny Baker's records were more popular at Bill Monroe concerts than the band's own releases. There were, and remain, hordes of Kenny Baker students of the bluegrass fiddle.  As well as a performer, Baker was also a composer of many popularly played bluegrass fiddle tunes.  Prior to his death, Baker lived in Gallatin, Tennessee.  Kenny Baker died July 8, 2011 at Sumner Regional Medical Center in Gallatin, Tennessee due to complications from a stroke.

Awards and honors.

Baker was a recipient of a 1993 National Heritage Fellowship awarded by the National Endowment for the Arts, which is the highest honor in the folk and traditional arts in the United States. He was named to the International Bluegrass Music Hall of Honor in 1999.

Kenneth Clayton Baker (June 26, 1926 – July 8, 2011) was an American fiddle player best known for his 25-year tenure with Bill Monroe and his group "The Blue Grass Boys".

Kenny Baker, Kenneth Clayton Baker pour l'état-civil, né le, à Burdine, au Kentucky et mort le à Nashville dans le Tennessee est un violoniste dont la carrière et l’œuvre furent déterminantes dans la formation d'un style propre aux violoneux de Bluegrass.


Background.

In Jewish tradition, Psalm 47 is one of 12 psalms attributed to the sons of Korah. It is also classified as part of the "Elohistic Psalter" (Psalms 42-83), which includes psalms referring to God as Elohim rather than YHWH. Psalm 47 is also grouped with other psalms that declare God's kingship, as stated in verse 7.  In Christian scholarship, Psalm 47 is one of seven "enthronement psalms" which refer to the crowning of God as king at a festive occasion. It has also been suggested that the theme of Psalm 47 is "universal rejoicing for God's universal reign".  According to Christian scholars, verse 6 (verse 5 in the KJV), "God has gone up with a shout", indicates that the psalm was written when King David brought the Ark of the Covenant to Mount Zion. Alternately, it is an allusion to the Ascension of Jesus to the heavenly Zion after completing his mission on earth.

Themes.

Psalm 47 includes allusions to Rosh Hashana, the day of judgment in Judaism. Verse 6, which cites the shofar that is blown on Rosh Hashanah, further hints at God ascending his thrones of judgment and mercy, themes that resonate with the day of judgment. The connection is explained in the Midrash: Yehuda bar Nahmani began in the name of Shimon ben Lakish: "Elohim ascends amidst shouting, YHWH to the blast of the shofar" (Psalms 47:6). When the Holy One ascends to sit on the throne of judgment, it is in order to render strict justice, as it says, "Elohim ascends amidst shouting". When the Jews take up their shofars and sound them, immediately "YHWH to the blast of the shofar". What does the Holy One do? Arises from the throne of judgment, sits on the throne of mercy, is filled with mercy towards them and transforms the attribute of strict justice into the attribute of mercy for their sake. When? On Rosh Hashanah (Leviticus Rabbah 29:3).  The same verse 6 also alludes to the shofar blowing at the conclusion of the holiday of Yom Kippur, when the Divine Presence, which has rested upon the Jewish people throughout the day of atonement, returns back to heaven. This verse can be translated, "God ascends with a teruah", "teruah" being a reference to the sound of the shofar.

Text.

Hebrew Bible version.

Following is the Hebrew text of Psalm 47:

Uses.

Judaism.

Psalm 47 is recited seven times prior to the shofar blowing on Rosh Hashanah. These seven repetitions correspond to the seven mentions of Elohim (God) in this psalm, as well as allude to the seven heavens which God created.  Verse 6 is one of the ten verses included in the grouping known as "Shofrot" (verses related to shofar-blowing), recited during the Mussaf prayer on both days of Rosh Hashanah.  According to the Siddur "Avodas Yisrael", Psalm 47 is recited as the Song of the Day on the second day of Rosh Hashanah.

Christianity.

Since the line "God is gone up with a shout" has been related to the Ascension of Jesus, the psalm was used in liturgies on the feast day.

Anglican Church.

In the Anglican Church, Psalm 47 is part of the Evening Prayer on Day 9, along with Psalm 48 and Psalm 49.

Musical settings.

The psalm and selected verses were set to music often, focusing on the call to clap and sing, and related to the line "God is gone up with a shout" which has been related to the Ascension of Jesus. Heinrich Schütz set the psalm in German as part with the text from the Becker Psalter, "Frohlockt mit Freud, ihr Völker all", for choir as his SWV 144. Johann Sebastian Bach began a cantata for Ascension with three verses from the psalm, "Gott fähret auf mit Jauchzen", BWV 43, first performed in 1726. Carl Martin Reinthaler set the complete psalm in German for choir, "Frohlocket mit Händen, alle Völker". In 1904, Florent Schmitt composed a setting for soprano solo, choir, organ and orchestra, called "Psaume XLVII".  Orlando Gibbons (1583-1625) set the psalm in English for choir. Ralph Vaughan Williams set the psalm in English in 1920 as "O clap your hands", a motet for chorus and orchestra. John Rutter set verses 1 to 7, "O clap your hands", for choir and organ or orchestra in 1973. Oskar Gottlieb Blarr composed a setting for soprano, tenor, choir (ad lib.), trumpet, trombone, percussion (steel drums), violin, harp and double bass in 1998. Rory Cooney set "Psalm 47 for Ascension", subtitled "God Mounts His Throne" in 2003, scored for soloist, three-part choir, the assembly, and brass. It can also be performed in a reduced version with guitar accompaniment.  Many hymns are modelled after Psalm 47. They include the English "The Universal Sovereignty of Christ" with the incipit "Rejoice, ye people, homage give", published in 1902, and the German "Völker aller Land", written by Georg Thurmair in 1964 and revised 1971, when it was selected to appear in the German Catholic hymnal "Gotteslob" of 1975. Even more hymns pick up topics from Psalm 47, including "Praise to the Lord, the Almighty", which paraphrases verses 6–9.

Psalm 47 is the 47th psalm of the Book of Psalms, generally known in English by its first verse, in the King James Version, "O clap your hands". The Book of Psalms is the third section of the Hebrew Bible, and a book of the Christian Old Testament. In the Greek Septuagint version of the bible, and in its Latin translation in the Vulgate, this psalm is Psalm 46 in a slightly different numbering system. In Latin, it is known as "Omnes gentes plaudite manibus". The psalm is a hymn psalm. It is one of twelve psalms attributed to the sons of Korah, and one of fifty-five psalms addressed to the "Chief Musician" or "Conductor".

Le psaume 47 (46 selon la numérotation grecque) est attribué aux fils de Coré et fait partie des psaumes royaux.


Early life.

Greiner was born to the family of the Lutheran pastor Karl Greiner in the small village of Lichtentanne (today part of Probstzella) in Saxe-Coburg-Saalfeld in 1796. His baptismal name is still spelled "Ludwig" in German, Polish, and some Slovak sources, which was also the name he used in his publications. Most Slovak sources now render his baptismal name as "Ľudovít", the Hungarian sources render it as "Lajos". Non-specialist sources also mostly misidentify him as a rank-and-file forester. After high school, he took special qualifying tests in forestry and spent several years gaining experience as forester in Austria and on the Lubomirski estates (administrated by the heirs of Julia Lubomirska) in Habsburg Galicia in the Łańcut and Lviv regions, now in Poland and Ukraine. He finished his education at the Vienna University of Technology where he took mathematics, physics, and chemistry in 1824–1826. He then became the director of forest management and timber rafting on Duke Ernest of Saxe-Coburg's estates, from where he was hired by Ernest's brother Ferdinand as the head of forestry and land management of all of his estates.

Years at Jolsva.

Ludwig Greiner started his job at Jolsva (today Jelšava, Slovakia) on 1 April 1828. The estates as a company were headquartered in Vienna, but its center of operations was at Jolsva (Jelšava) where Greiner spent the rest of his life. He married Maria Glósz, with whom he had nine children. Two sons, Hugo and Ludwig, followed in their father's footsteps. After his wife's death in 1857 Greiner married Otilia Szinowitz of Besztercabánya (today Banská Bystrica, Slovakia), but had no more children. He was buried at the Jolsva (Jelšava) cemetery next to his first wife.

Descendants.

His son Ludwig Junior became chief engineer at the Coburg-Saxe estates and later forest management director at Rozsnyó (today Rožňava, Slovakia) where he was a founder of the private Girls' Institute of Education in 1871, the first high school in the Hungarian part of what was then the Austro-Hungarian Empire projected specifically for Slovak female students. Ludwig Greiner Senior's great granddaughter Sibylla Greinerová (b. 1919) became an acknowledged Bratislava painter of human figures in motion.

Triangulation of Gerlachovský Peak.

Ferdinand Saxe-Coburg's estates were distributed over areas that are located in today's Slovakia and Hungary. The estate managed from Káposztafalva (today Hrabušice, Slovakia) was in the vicinity of the Tatra Mountains, a craggy section of the Carpathians. According to Greiner's own account, he climbed Lomnický Peak () on 10 August 1837, a beautiful sunny day, measured its elevation with an altimeter and used the quadrant to determine that Gerlachovský Peak () was actually higher. It was unexpected, because the previous, generally accepted measurement by the Swedish botanist Göran Wahlenberg from 1813 recorded Gerlachovský Peak's elevation as 285 m (935 ft) lower. Greiner was convinced that his own observation about Gerlachovský Peak's relative height was right, but because he considered the altimeter and quadrant insufficiently precise instruments, he triangulated the elevations of several of the Tatra peaks from the vicinity of the town of Poprád (today Poprad, Slovakia), not far from Káposztafalva (Hrabušice), in the fall of 1838 after he obtained a very accurate theodolite from a friend. Greiner's paper published the next year dethroned the mountains of Kriváň () and Lomnický Peak, which had been alternately considered the highest peaks until then, and reported that the highest point in the Tatras and the whole Carpathian chain was Gerlachovský Peak. The elevation Greiner calculated was off by only 13 meters (43 ft) by comparison to what it is known to be today.

Head of forestry and land management.

Greiner improved the effectiveness of the woodland valuation methods in the Kingdom of Hungary and trained a whole new generation of foresters in a comprehensive approach to the management of natural resources. In 1851 he helped to organize the Hungarian Forestry Association ("Ungarischer Forstverein") and then served as its vice president. While his goals were defined by a need to run a profitable business, he introduced procedures that replaced previous exploitative, earth-eroding lumbering on Saxe-Coburg's estates with practices that contained aspects of modern ecology. Among his lasting environmental achievements has been the restoration of the timberline on largely deforested King's Bald Mountain (, 1,946 m, 6,385 ft.) to its natural elevation of 1,650 m (5,413 ft). One of his 21st-century successors described Greiner's principles in modern terms as aiming at and achieving permanent sustainability. Greiner's timber yield tables published in 1877 and 1886 proved sufficiently reliable to have remained in use for over a century.

Ludwig Greiner (1796–1882) was an influential 19th-century forest and lumber industry management expert who improved the effectiveness of woodland valuation methods in the Austrian Empire and trained a whole new generation of foresters in a comprehensive approach to the management of natural resources. While his goals were defined by a need to run a profitable business, he introduced procedures that replaced previous exploitative, earth-eroding lumbering on Saxe-Coburg's estates with practices that contained aspects of modern ecology. Greiner's insistence on a thorough woodland inventory of his employer's vast, poorly charted lands gave him his enduring recognition outside the field defined by his expertise. His passion for precision, geomatics, and the outdoors made him the first person ever to disprove the results of previous measurements and accurately identify Gerlachovský štít as the highest peak in the whole 1,500 km (900 mi.) long Carpathian mountain range.

Ludwig Greiner (1796–1882) fut un expert de l'industrie forestière du qui améliora l’efficacité des méthodes d'évaluation des surfaces boisées dans l'Empire austro-hongrois et enseigna à une nouvelle génération de forestiers une approche globale de la gestion des ressources naturelles. Bien que son objectif fût orienté par une gestion rentable de la forêt, il introduisit des procédures qui remplacèrent, dans les propriétés des Saxe-Cobourg et Gotha au centre de l'actuelle Slovaquie, les anciennes méthodes d'exploitation fondé sur l'exploitation de la main d'œuvre et source d'érosion des sols. Son insistance pour la création d'un inventaire précis des propriétés de son employeur lui permit de sortir des champs de ses expertises pour s’intéresser à la triangulation et à la géomatique. Sa précision fit de lui le premier à identifier le Gerlachovský štít comme étant le plus haut sommet des Hautes Tatras et de toutes les Carpates.


European Parliament.

Lidia Geringer de Oedenberg's current activities in the European Parliament include her position as a Quaestor to the European Parliament, as well as her membership in the Committee on Legal Affairs, the Committee on Petitions, and the Delegation for relations with the countries of South Asia. She is also a substitute for the Committee on Budgets, the Delegation to the EU-Croatia Joint Parliamentary Committee, the Delegation to the ACP-EU Joint Parliamentary Assembly, and the Delegation to the Parliamentary Assembly of the Union for the Mediterranean.

Activism.

Single Seat  Lidia Geringer de Oedenberg is a member of the Pro-Single Seat MEP Alliance in the European Parliament. Along with other members of the Alliance, she has been active raising awareness to the high budgetary and environmental costs of maintaining three working places for the European Parliament. In several publications and media appearances she pointed out to the infrastructure problems of the other two seats in Strasbourg and Luxembourg City, while emphasizing that Brussels should be the home of the European Parliament.  Gender issues  Female entrepreneurship, gender equality in boardrooms and equal representation of women in public life are several themes Lidia Geringer de Oedenberg has voiced her support to. Moreover, Lidia Geringer de Oedenberg has taken an active position in the fight against domestic violence. On September 2012 she participated in the Peace One Day Campaign Global Coalition to reduce domestic violence.  ACTA  Geringer de Oedenberg has been critical about the overall necessity of the Anti-Counterfeiting Trade Agreement (ACTA), as well as the way it has been negotiated. In various articles and media appearances she pointed out to the lack of transparency in the negotiations process, as well as to the vague nature of the text which leaves space for misinterpretation. She also raised her concerns about the possible conflict between ACTA and EU law and possible impact of the agreement on EU citizens and private consumers. After the rejection of ACTA by the European Parliament on 4 July 2012, Lidia Geringer posted on her blog "I welcome the result of the vote and personally think it truly represents the millions of people who took over the streets in the last months, protesting against the agreement".  Famagusta  In 2007 Geringer de Oedenberg visited Famagusta during a fact-finding delegation organized by the Committee on Petitions. Since that visit she has been actively calling for the opening of the seized parts of Famagusta and return of Famagusta's lawful inhabitants. She was one of the authors of a Written Declaration on Famagusta which was adopted by the European Parliament on 14 February 2012.  Tibet  Lidia Geringer de Oedenberg is the Vice President of the European Parliament Intergroup on Tibet. She initiated and participated in various initiatives aiming to raise awareness to the issue of Tibet in the European Institutions.  "See also:" 2004 European Parliament election in Poland

Lidia Joanna Geringer de Oedenberg (born 12 September 1957 in Wrocław, Poland) is a Polish politician and Member of the European Parliament for the DS & OP with the Democratic Left Alliance-Labor Union, part of the Socialist Group. Her family name is Ulatowska, which she has changed after marriage with her husband.

Lidia Joanna Geringer de Oedenberg, née le à Wrocław, est une femme politique polonaise. Élue députée européenne pour la première fois lors des élections européennes de 2004, elle est réélue en 2009 puis en 2014.


Early life.

Barden was born on 21 July 1992 in Northallerton, North Yorkshire. When she was three, she moved with her parents to Wetherby, West Yorkshire. She attended Wetherby High School.

Career.

Barden's acting debut came in 1999 with a small role in an episode of the television series "My Parents Are Aliens." She later appeared in episodes of the series "No Angels" and "The Chase." In March 2007, she started appearing in the role of Kayleigh Morton on the ITV soap opera "Coronation Street", continuing until September 2008, when the Morton family left "Coronation Street". In 2007 Barden made her film debut in the comedy-drama "Mrs Ratcliffe's Revolution". In 2009 she played the part of Pea in the stage production "Jerusalem" at the Royal Court Theatre in London before being transferred to the Apollo Theatre in the West End.  In 2010, Barden appeared in the film "Tamara Drewe", a dramatisation of the comic strip of the same name. The following year she played the role of Sophie in the film "Hanna". Between 2012 and 2015 she appeared in the urban horror "Comedown," costarred in the mystery film "In the Dark Half," and had a role in the psychological thriller "Mindscape". In 2014, she appeared in the American independent movie "Lullaby". In July 2015, Barden played the role of Kit Carmichael in the BBC's two-part television adaptation of Sadie Jones' debut novel "The Outcast". The same year she played the role of Liddy in a film adaptation of Thomas Hardy's "Far from the Madding Crowd".  In 2016, Barden played the title role in Channel 4's TV movie "Ellen" and the role of Jasmine in the comedy film "Mindhorn". In 2017, she starred in the British horror movie "Habit" and in the Channel 4/Netflix television series "The End of the F***ing World" playing Alyssa. In 2018, she played Blake in the film "The New Romantic". In October 2019, she appeared in the music video for "Maniac" by Conan Gray.

Jessica Barden (born 21 July 1992) is an English actress. She is known for her role as Alyssa in the Channel 4 comedy-drama series "The End of the F***ing World" (2017–2019). She has also made appearances in films including "Hanna" (2011), "The New Romantic" (2018) and "Pink Skies Ahead" (2020).

Jessica Barden, née le à Northallerton, est une actrice britannique. En 2017, elle joue le rôle d'une adolescente rebelle nommée Alyssa, dans la série télévisée de Channel 4 et Netflix "The End of the F***ing World".


History.

The first application for land in the Parish of Poowong was made on 17 April 1874 by James Scott for 320 acres of allotment 5, the selection made on behalf on his son Robert Scott. Four more selectors pegged out allotments within the next twelve months. On part of the Scott land a store, pub and butcher's shop were built. The Poowong Hotel was built by 1880 but it was destroyed by fire in 1883.  A Post Office opened around January 1878. The first survey of townships allotments took place in 1879.  The heavily timbered and hilly nature of the area meant selectors took years to clear enough of their land to make a living from their selections.

Facilities.

For a town of its size, Poowong is quite well off with regard to its facilities. These include four tennis courts, two netball courts, an indoor basketball and squash stadium, a primary school, large community hall, outdoor swimming pool, a number of churches and an Australian rules football oval. The town has an Australian Rules football team and a netball team competing in the Ellinbank & District Football League and the Ellinbank & District Netball Association respectively.

Community projects.

The Poowong community is active, with many projects being undertaken by various community groups. The largest group, by far, is the Poowong Football & Netball Club who involve themselves not only in sporting projects, but also in projects helping the wider community. One such project is the 'My Connected Community' project which was being run by the Poowong Football Club in a partnership with the Strzelecki Lions Club, and was designed to increase Internet use amongst community members.

Poowong is a small dairying town located in South Gippsland, in the Australian state of Victoria. At the, Poowong had a population of 360.

Poowong ( habitants) est une localité du Victoria, en Australie à 111 km au sud-est de Melbourne et à 8 km au nord-ouest de Korumburra. Elle est située dans le sud du Gippsland.


Biography.

He was the son of Friedrich Wilhelm Pixis (1755-1805), who in 1790 followed his own father to become Preceptor and Organist at the Evangelical Reformed Church. Johann Peter's older brother, also Friedrich Wilhelm Pixis (1785-1842), was a violinist who later became prominent in the musical life of Prague.  The two brothers received early musical training from their father, who took the talented boys on concert tours beginning in 1797; they traveled through Germany and to Denmark, Russia (St. Petersburg), and Poland (Warsaw). During the tour, the older brother also played piano duets with Johann Peter, who in turn accompanied his brother on the cello and violin. While in Hamburg in 1798, Viotti was so impressed by Friedrich Wilhelm junior that he gave daily lessons, which Johann Peter also attended, for two months, and he organized a concert for the two boys.  Friedrich Wilhelm senior moved his family to Vienna in 1806. The brothers gave a series of very successful concerts in Karlsbad and Prague in 1807, during which Johann Peter began to perform his own compositions. From 1808, the brothers were with their family in Vienna. Both studied composition under Johann Georg Albrechtsberger and made contact with the city's music professionals. Friedrich Wilhelm junior moved to Prague in 1810, while Johann Peter settled in Vienna, where he had contact with, among many others, Beethoven and Schubert. In 1814-15, he met Giacomo Meyerbeer, who was in Vienna to study with Antonio Salieri. In his memoirs, Pixis writes about his friendship with Meyerbeer:  Pixis also writes in glowing terms about the Vienna premiere of Carl Maria von Weber's "Der Freischütz", and he relates a story about Henriette Sontag when she first arrived in Vienna as a young student: Pixis says that he split the cost of voice and Italian lessons with her, to enable her to afford them. Eventually, during his final years in Vienna, Pixis tried to establish himself as an opera composer, but with little success.  Perhaps as a result of his early experiences with his brother, Pixis was an excellent collaborative pianist and toured with several violinists, including concerts in Paris, where he moved in late 1824. During this period Paris saw an influx of foreign musicians, especially pianists from Germanophone countries, a process that had already started in the 1790s, shortly after the founding of the Paris Conservatoire. The pianists included Friedrich Kalkbrenner (in 1799), Jan Ladislav Dussek (1807), Henri Herz (1816), Franz Hünten (1819), Franz Liszt (1823), Frédéric Chopin (1831), Sigismond Thalberg (1836), as well as Stephen Heller, Ferdinand Hiller, and others. Pixis stayed, living in Paris for twenty years and quickly earning a strong reputation as a composer, concert pianist, and chamber music collaborator. At the height of his career, around 1830, he was regarded as one of the best pianists of his time. According to Chopin, it was Pixis who introduced him to the publisher Schlesinger, whose request for a composition on Meyerbeer's "Robert" eventually resulted in the "Grand duo concertant sur des thèmes de Robert le diable," B.70, published in 1832. Pixis himself made the piano reduction for the opera's vocal score (1831) and he wrote two original compositions: "Caprice dramatique sur 'Robert le diable'," Op. 116, and "Variations sur le Quatuor de Robert le diable," Op. 117. All of these were also published by Schlesinger.  While in Paris, Pixis trained his adopted daughter Francilla Pixis (1816-1888), who became a well-known singer; her recital appearances were accompanied by Pixis himself.  In 1840, Pixis's compositional and performance career largely behind him, he moved to Baden Baden. In 1843, Francilla married and not long after that retired from the stage. Pixis then turned his attention to the musical training of his nephew Theodor Pixis (1831-1856), who subsequently became concertmaster in Cologne and instructor in the Rheinische Musikschule but died suddenly. Johann Peter Pixis continued to teach the piano until his death in 1874.

Works.

The opus numbers of Pixis's published works run to about 150, a total not unusual for the era, and include compositions in a variety of genres but especially chamber music, as well as music for piano solo and piano four-hands. The strongest of his multi-movement concert works are the seven piano trios, published between 1825 (Trio no. 1, Op. 75) and 1845 (Trio no. 7, Op. 147).  While still in Vienna, Pixis was asked to join the collaborative work (involving 51 composers from 1819–1823) "Vaterländischer Künstlerverein", an anthology of variations on a waltz by Anton Diabelli, which also included Ludwig van Beethoven's "Diabelli Variations". In Paris in 1837, Pixis was involved with the composition of "Hexaméron" (six composers contributed; the third variation on Bellini's theme is by Pixis). The fact that he was asked by Liszt to participate, along with Chopin, Czerny, Herz, and Thalberg, is evidence of his status in Parisian musical circles.  Ferdinand Hiller dedicated his "3 Caprices ou Etudes Caracteristiques", Op. 4 (1829) to Pixis. Frédéric Chopin dedicated to Pixis his "Fantasy on Polish Airs" for piano and orchestra, Op. 13, on its publication in 1834.

Johann Peter Pixis (10 February 178822 December 1874) was a German pianist and composer, born in Mannheim. He lived in Vienna from 1808 to 1824, then in Paris to 1840, during which time he was among the city's most prominent pianists and composers, although he is almost entirely forgotten nowadays.

Johann Peter Pixis (né le à Mannheim en Allemagne et mort le à Baden-Baden dans ce même pays) est un pianiste et compositeur allemand.


Playing career.

Minor leagues.

After spending four seasons in the Twins' organization, he was signed by the Milwaukee Brewers in April 2006 and released on March 24, 2007. On March 30, 2007 Phillips signed with the Blue Jays as a Minor League free agent.

Minnesota Twins.

In four seasons with the Twins organization, Phillips hit.239 with 24 home runs and 145 RBIs.

Milwaukee Brewers.

In one season with the Brewers' Brevard County Manatees farm team, he hit three home runs, drove in 35 runs and hit.236.

Toronto Blue Jays.

Phillips spent the 2007 season with the Dunedin Blue Jays and the 2008 season with New Hampshire Fisher Cats. With Dunedin, Phillips hit.306 with 10 home runs and 62 RBIs. With New Hampshire he hit.306 with 8 home runs and 34 RBIs.  He started the 2009 season in New Hampshire hitting.175 with one home run and one RBI. Phillips was then promoted to Las Vegas, hitting.300 with 8 home runs and 29 RBIs.  He made his major league debut on September 14, 2009 getting a hit in 4 at-bats.

San Diego Padres.

On June 25, 2010, Phillips was traded to the San Diego Padres for a player to be named later. He hit his first major league home run in a day game against the Atlanta Braves on May 30, 2011. He was designated for assignment by the Padres on August 31, 2011. He elected free agency on October 11.

Return to Toronto.

On January 27, 2012, Phillips signed a minor league contract with the Toronto Blue Jays which was later voided due to injury.

Scouting.

Phillips was hired on as an advanced scout by former GM with San Diego Jed Hoyer with the Chicago Cubs for the 2012 season.

Kyle Ray Phillips (born April 3, 1984) is an American former professional baseball catcher. Phillips was drafted by the Minnesota Twins in the 2002 MLB Draft in the 10th round and is the younger brother of former major leaguer Jason Phillips.

Kyle Ray Phillips (né le à San Diego, Californie, États-Unis) est un receveur des Ligues majeures de baseball jouant pour les Blue Jays de Toronto.


Character biography.

Ángel Juan Marcos Batista is a Detective in Miami Metro Police Department's Homicide Division. He works closely with Dexter Morgan during cases, often teaming up with him for his expert advice on serial killers, and considers himself Dexter's best friend. Batista, while unable to share Dexter's fascination with blood, appreciates the art of murder. In the novel series, Batista is not a detective, but a forensic officer who works alongside Dexter.  Angel is a friendly, good natured character who provides a sense of humanity and compassion in Dexter's life. While he is prone to making rash decisions and acting on emotion, he does not harbor any resentment for even the worst fate hands to him and is shown to care deeply for those who work around him. He is also well known for his trademark fedora hat which he is almost never seen without. Due to his position as a divorced, lonely police officer, he considers himself a cliché.

Season one.

When Angel arrives on the scene of a foot chase called in by James Doakes, he finds the man dead. When first questioned by Internal Affairs, Batista lies for Doakes, saying the other man shot first. However, he later tells the truth, saying that he made a promise to his father that he would always be an honest man. When Batista cheats on his wife, he tells his wife about the indiscretion, which leads to their separation (something he tries to keep hidden from everyone).  One night at a club Batista sees a woman with a prosthetic hand, the nails painted in the same manner as the victims of the Ice Truck Killer, a serial killer who preys on prostitutes. He investigates and finds out that the woman had a customer with an amputee fetish. In an attempt to chase the lead, he talks with prosthetic technician Rudy Cooper about patients he may have that have the same fetish. Cooper — who is none other than the Ice Truck Killer — then stabs Batista. While recovering, Batista agrees to a divorce with his wife. He also helps to uncover Cooper's true identity by asking for Cooper's prints to be compared to mental institution files.  After three months of being on his own, Batista turns to spiritual enlightenment to lessen his pain. He claims to be Dexter's best friend, much to Dexter's confusion, as he has never given Batista any reason to think so. However, Dexter eventually admits that Batista is the closest thing he has ever had to a real friend.

Season two.

In season two, Batista and the rest of the department try their best to alleviate the grief from families of the Bay Harbor Butcher victims. He becomes especially involved in one case of a man named Oscar Sota. When he talks to the man's wife in the office, he ends up having a heated and frustrating argument with her about what her husband was actually doing to be targeted by the Butcher. Feeling guilty, he goes to her house and offers her a sincere apology. She begins to trust Batista, and offers him more details on the case.  He eventually takes an interest in Dexter's on-off lover Lila Tournay, and asks her out after she and Dexter break up. Unbeknownst to Batista, however, Lila is only using him to get close to Dexter. To that end, she takes Rohypnol after having rough sex with Batista, and then accuses him of date rape. Batista is terrified of being convicted, as it will ruin his career and his life. After Dexter kills Lila, the charges are dropped, much to Batista's relief. During an awkward but heartfelt conversation, Dexter tells Batista that if he were "normal", he would want to be a man like him.

Season three.

In season three, Batista is promoted to Sergeant and made the department's new lead case investigator to replace the now-deceased Doakes. However it appears as his life as a divorced father is beginning to take its toll; he risks his career to get a hooker who turns out to be an undercover cop. After persistent but gentlemanly advances, Batista begins a relationship with the officer, Barbara Gianna. He so fears losing her that he begins acting irrationally, leaving her a long-winded message begging forgiveness for having to cancel dinner because of work. However, Barbara finds this funny, brings him a take-out dinner, and their relationship appears strong. After she is assaulted, Batista gets in a violent altercation with the man who hurt her, but Dexter intervenes and calms him down. He attends Dexter's wedding with Barbara as his date.

Season four.

By the start of season four, it appears that Batista and Barbara have amicably split, and he is now romantically involved with his Lieutenant, Maria LaGuerta. Neither wishes for their relationship to become public, in fear of losing their jobs and "defining something indefinable". He looks to Dexter for advice, and he then becomes an involuntary counselor between the two. Toward the end of the season, they secretly get married with Dexter as witness.

Season five.

Batista and LaGuerta's marriage is constantly challenged by their work disagreements. At first, Batista constantly caves in to LaGuerta's demands, but grows more and more frustrated and jealous. When a drunk police officer makes sexual remarks about LaGuerta ("she gave the best blowjobs in Miami"), Batista, also drunk, beats him up and ends up being investigated by Internal Affairs. LaGuerta teams up with the investigating officer, but that prompts Batista to be even more jealous; he starts checking her cell phone for suspicious messages and finds a rendezvous appointment in a hotel room. Outraged, he walks in on them, only to find out that it was intended to be a sting operation to apprehend a corrupt narcotics cop, in which LaGuerta agreed to participate to bail Batista out of the investigation. When LaGuerta's bad judgment call leads to the killing of their informant in the Fuentes brothers case, she pins the blame on Debra, rekindling their rivalry. Upset by LaGuerta's decision, Batista decides to stick to Debra's story and does so in his written statement; he also helps Debra when she insists on reopening the barrel girls case after LaGuerta closed it too soon—although he fails to convince LaGuerta himself. Ever since, Batista's approach towards LaGuerta's bossiness has drastically changed, as he has been "cutting her off" every time she seems to try to overpower his decision. However, in the season finale they seem to have set their relationship back on track.

Season six.

Batista has moved in with his younger sister Jamie in the apartment adjacent to Dexter's, thus allowing Jamie to babysit Dexter's son Harrison whenever Dexter might need to leave in the middle of the night. It turns out that he and LaGuerta separated in order for her to secure the position of Captain in Miami Metro Homicide. However, her position as Lieutenant was left open specifically for him by her recommendation. To her surprise, Deputy Chief Tom Matthews decided otherwise due to the recent heroics of Debra Morgan and instead advanced her to Lieutenant. Debra breaks this news to Batista, who takes it in stride and congratulates her, but is still hurt by constantly being involved in LaGuerta's battles with Matthews. Quinn also begins criticizing Batista for not telling LaGuerta how he feels, which almost results in a fight at a crime scene. Their relationship is further strained when Quinn drunkenly makes crude remarks about Jamie; angered, Batista punches him out.  When Jamie starts dating Louis Greene, Masuka's third intern, Batista makes a failed attempt to scare him away during a dinner with both of them.  When Batista approaches serial killer Travis Marshall's house, without Quinn for backup, Marshall knocks him unconscious.

Season seven.

In season seven, Batista considers retiring after Detective Mike Anderson is murdered. Batista wants to buy a restaurant by the beach, saying that thinking about the restaurant is the only thing that makes him happy. He initially has trouble finding the money and dealing with the paperwork, but his problems are solved when Quinn gives him a great deal of money for a down payment; he does not tell Batista that the money was laundered by the Russian Mafia. In the season finale, Batista has his retirement party at the restaurant on New Year's Eve.

Season eight.

In season eight, Batista closes the restaurant and returns to Miami Metro. He is promoted to Lieutenant of Homicide after Debra leaves Miami Metro. He holds a dedication ceremony for LaGuerta, who was killed in the season 7 finale, and gives a reluctant Dexter a vase she kept in her old office.  Quinn is now dating Batista's sister Jamie, and Batista pressures him to take the sergeant's exam to prove that he is serious about the relationship and his future. Quinn does well on the exam, but Batista ultimately chooses another candidate after being pressured by Deputy Chief Tom Matthews.  In "Monkey in a Box", Batista reinstates Debra as a detective, unaware that she killed LaGuerta. In the series finale, "Remember the Monsters?", however, Debra is shot by serial killer Oliver Saxon and falls into a persistent vegetative state. When Quinn attacks Saxon in the interrogation room, Batista does nothing to stop him, and threatens Saxon with the electric chair unless he confesses. Dexter later kills Saxon in full view of a security camera, but Batista accepts his claim of self-defense and lets him go. It is suggested that both Batista and Quinn know the truth, but turn a blind eye because they wanted to kill Saxon themselves. Batista is last seen receiving the news about Dexter's apparent death; unbeknownst to him, Dexter staged his death and is living under another identity.

Differences from the novels.

In the book series, Angel Batista habitually introduces himself as "no relation" (to Cuban former dictator Fulgencio Batista), and as a result is nicknamed "Angel-no-relation" by Dexter. He also plays a less prominent role in the novels than in the television series, and is a forensic scientist rather than a homicide detective.

Angel Juan Marcos Batista (; Spanish ) is a fictional character in the Showtime television series "Dexter" and the novels by Jeff Lindsay upon which it is based. He is portrayed in the television series by David Zayas. Batista spends much of the series as a Sergeant before being promoted to Lieutenant in the final season.

Le sergent Ángel Juan Marcos Batista, est un personnage de la série télévisée diffusée sur Showtime aux États-Unis et sur Canal+ et TF1 en France, et de la série littéraire créée par Jeff Lindsay dont la série est tirée, "Dexter". Il est interprété dans la série par David Zayas.


Match d'échecs La Bourdonnais - McDonnell

Background.

De La Bourdonnais was considered the world's leading player from 1821, when he surpassed his mentor Alexandre Deschapelles. In 1823 La Bourdonnais defeated William Lewis, Britain's leading player, in a match in London, and in the spring of 1825 he played and defeated the best players that England had to offer. Nine years later he returned to London when a challenge was issued on McDonnell's behalf.

La Bourdonnais and McDonnell matches.

Between June and October 1834 La Bourdonnais and McDonnell played a series of six matches, a total of eighty-five games, at the Westminster Chess Club in London. The games were recorded for posterity by the club's elderly founder William Greenwood Walker, who remained by McDonnell's side for almost the entire duration of the match. Play generally began around noon, some of the games taking more than seven hours to complete. La Bourdonnais knew no English and McDonnell knew no French. It is said that the only word they exchanged during their historic encounter was "check!”  After each game, McDonnell would return to his room exhausted, where he would spend hours pacing back and forth in a state of nervous agitation. Meanwhile, La Bourdonnais would be downstairs regaling himself at the chessboard. He would continue to play till long after midnight, smoking cigars, drinking punch and gambling. One night he reportedly played forty games before going to bed, even though he had to face McDonnell the following morning.  McDonnell and La Bourdonnais were evenly matched in their abilities across the board, but wildly contrasted in their styles of play. The Frenchman was renowned for the rapidity of his play, often replying to his opponent's moves within seconds, whereas the Irishman sometimes took as many as two hours to make a single move. But despite his deliberation, McDonnell was a reckless player. Where the Frenchman preferred to err on the side of caution, the Irishman could not resist embarking on wild and often ill-considered attacks, something which told against him during their encounter.  The characters of the two men were also very different. La Bourdonnais was an ebullient and garrulous individual. When winning, he grew talkative and affable; but when things went against him, he "swore tolerably round oaths in a pretty audible voice", as Walker recorded. McDonnell on the other hand was observed to be taciturn and imperturbable. Winning or losing, he betrayed little emotion at the table, a habit which seemingly unnerved his explosive opponent.  In the first match of the series McDonnell's lack of big-match experience told against him and he was heavily defeated by sixteen games to five, with four draws (+5 -16 =4). But he quickly recovered from this setback and went on to win the second match by five games to four (+5 -4).  Although the title of World Chess Champion was not created until 1886 (with Wilhelm Steinitz as the first champion), the world's leading players from earlier times are recognized today as unofficial world champions. La Bourdonnais is usually regarded as the champion from 1821 until his death in 1840. It is often said that he defeated McDonnell in their mammoth encounter in 1834. But the 1834 World Championship was not one match: it was a series of six matches, the second of which was won by McDonnell. It could be argued that McDonnell ought to be recognized as the unofficial world champion for the brief period between the second and third matches of his series with La Bourdonnais.  La Bourdonnais won the third match, by a score of +6 -5 =1. He also won the fourth and fifth matches +8 -3 and +7 -4 respectively. The final match was abandoned in obscure circumstances. Apparently La Bourdonnais was forced to return to France to deal with his creditors. McDonnell was leading +5 -4 at the time. It seems the players had a loose agreement to continue the match at a later date. Another story suggests that La Bourdonnais gave McDonnell odds of a three-game lead, with the first player to reach eight victories being declared the winner, but this is unlikely and impossible to confirm.  Harry Golombek evaluated the games and found them to generally be of low quality. There were some instances of brilliance, but the level of technique, especially in the endgame was low. In one game McDonnell had an endgame with a rook and two pawns versus a rook and did not know how to win. He lost his rook due to a blunder and lost the game. La Bourdonnais was not as bad as McDonnell in the endgame but he was weak in the opening. The games lacked any cohesive strategy. There were relatively few draws, but this was partly due to McDonnell's inaccurate defense, which caused him to lose games instead of draw them.

The La Bourdonnais – McDonnell chess matches were a series of chess matches in 1834 between Louis-Charles Mahé de La Bourdonnais of France and Alexander McDonnell of Ireland. These matches confirmed La Bourdonnais as the leading chess player in the world. They are sometimes seen as having been unofficial World Chess Championship matches, before the title of World Chess Champion existed.

Le match d'échecs La Bourdonnais-McDonnell est une série de six matchs comparables à un championnat du monde d'échecs, disputés de juin à au "Westminster Chess Club" de Londres entre le Français Louis-Charles Mahé de La Bourdonnais et l'Irlandais Alexander McDonnell. Les premier, troisième, quatrième et cinquième matchs furent remportés par La Bourdonnais ; le deuxième match fut remporté par McDonnell et le sixième match fut arrêté alors que McDonnell menait.


Signs and symptoms.

A variety of nerve types can be subjected to neurapraxia and therefore symptoms of the injury range in degree and intensity. Common symptoms of neurapraxia are disturbances in sensation, weakness of muscle, vasomotor and sudomotor paralysis in the region of the affected nerve or nerves, and abnormal sensitivity of the nerve at the point of injury. It has been observed that subjective sensory symptoms include numbness, tingling, and burning sensations at the site of the injury. Objective sensory symptoms are generally minimal in regards to touch, pain, heat, and cold. In cases of motor neuron neurapraxia, symptoms consist of flaccid paralysis of the muscles innervated by the injured nerve or nerves. Symptoms are often transient and only last for a short period of time immediately following the injury. However, in severe cases of neurapraxia, symptoms can persist for weeks or months at a time.

Causes.

The cause of neurapraxia is a neural lesion which causes a temporary block of nerve conduction without transection of the axon. A conduction block is classified as a 40% reduction in action potential amplitude over a short distance on the nerve, or a 50% reduction for a longer distance on the nerve. In neurapraxia, stimulation to the injured nerve results in a greater reduction in the action potential amplitude on the proximal site of the injury as opposed to the distal site.

Anatomy.

Neurapraxia occurs in the peripheral nervous system typically in the ulnar, median, and radial nerves of the upper body and in the sciatic and peroneal nerves of the lower body. Peripheral nerves are myelinated, relatively large, spatially complex cells whose size and connectivity typically make them more susceptible to damage and compromise their capacity to self-repair, although this is not the case in neurapraxia. Microscopic evidence has shown that there is damage to the myelin sheath, but not to the axon. Therefore, distal nerve fibers do not degenerate and the myelin damage can be repaired.

Order of pathology.

The order of pathology within the first 24 hours after injury follows a general pattern of nerve injury. The first physical manifestation of the injury is focal swelling adjacent to the site of the injury. In the cellular dimension, a fragmentation of neurotubules and neurofilaments occurs as a result of pressure exerted on the nerve. Axons swell at some sites and are compressed at others, leading to a beaded appearance.

Mechanisms of injury.

There are several mechanisms of nerve injury including mechanical lesions, ischemia, immunologic attack, metabolic disorder, toxic agents, and exposure to radiation. The most common mechanism of injury is nerve compression in which external pressure causes decreased blood flow to the nerve and deformation of the nerve fibers. Repeated or prolonged compression of the nerve results in ischemia and ultimately edema above and below the source of the pressure (I). The thinning of myelin sheaths or focal demyelination are the main consequences of the injury that lead to conduction blockage.

Diagnosis.

Seddon classification.

There are three distinct classifications and degrees of nerve injury:  There are two different forms of mechanical nerve injury involving neurapraxia. The underlying causes of transient nerve injury typically include a brief ischemic episode or any form of compression. More persistent forms of nerve injury involve demyelination and axonal constriction. In certain circumstances, diagnosing neurapraxia can be uncomfortable because of the presence of severe neuropathic pain. Neuropathic pain is an indication that the lesion of the nerve is still in progress. Diagnosis of neurapraxia is almost always followed by a quick and complete recovery period.

Treatment and recovery.

The entire nerve is involved in the response to traumatic injuries. The outcome of nerve repair is dependent on the degree of the nerve injury and the circumstances at the site of injury. Since neurapraxia is the least serious form of peripheral nerve injury, recovery and treatment are not extensive. Once the cause of neurapraxia is eliminated, recovery of the lesions in the nerve occurs within a short time span.

Non-operative treatment.

Neurapraxia is often treated and cured by non-operative means. The primary goals of treatment are to maintain the proper nutrition of the paralyzed muscles, prevent contraction by the antagonists of the paralyzed muscles, and to consistently keep the joints mobile. A splint is often used in cases of neurapraxia because it is able to maintain a relaxed position of the paralyzed muscle. The splint prevents the paralyzed muscle from being overstretched either by the force of gravity or by other non-paralyzed antagonists. During the recovery period of neurapraxia, it is essential that the joints constantly undergo passive movement in order to preserve proper mobility. If joints are kept mobile, the limb has the best possible chance of benefit from the return of nervous function. Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory medications can also help to reduce swelling at the injury site. In addition to these non-operative remedies, it is suggested that muscles affected by neurapraxia be kept warm at all times. Circulation in the limb is stimulated with the use of heat. Once voluntary movement has returned to the muscle, recovery and treatment continues by the participation in active exercises. Physical Therapy and Occupational Therapy are common sources of treatment during these early stages of restoration of active movement. Almost all cases of neurapraxia can be completely treated by non-operative means.

Treating cervical cord neurapraxia on the field.

According to medical professionals with the Cleveland Clinic, once an athlete suffers from an episode of cervical spinal cord neurapraxia, team physician or athletic trainer first stabilize the head and neck followed by a thorough neurologic inspection. If the injury is deemed severe, injured parties should be taken to a hospital for evaluation. Athletes that suffer from severe episodes of neurapraxia are urged to consult orthopaedic or spinal medical specialists. In mild cases of neurapraxia, the athlete is able to remove themselves from the field of play. However, the athlete is still advised to seek medical consultation.

Prognosis.

In cases of neurapraxia, the function of the nerves are temporarily impaired. However, the prognosis for recovery from neurapraxia is efficient and quick. Recovery begins within two to three weeks after the injury occurs, and it is complete within six to eight weeks. There are instances when function is not completely restored until four months after the instance of injury. The recovery period of neurapraxia is not an entirely ordered process, but the recovery is always complete and fast.

Epidemiology.

Neurapraxia is most commonly observed in athletes involved in collision sports, such as American football. Athletes participating in collision sports most often suffer from cervical cord neurapraxia, also known as transient neurapraxia. Cervical cord neurapraxia is the result of a severe collision in which a blow to the crown of the athlete's head forcefully extends or compresses the neck. Numbness, stinging, and/or weakness in the arms, legs or both, distinguish cervical cord neurapraxia. Typical episodes of transient neurapraxia only last a few seconds and symptoms dissipate entirely. Though the severity of the injury can range, transient neurapraxia does not lead to permanent paralysis of the affected muscles. Subsequent spinal cord injury after an episode of cervical cord neurapraxia has not been observed. However, athletes who experience an episode of transient cervical neurapraxia face an approximately 50% chance of a repeat episode if they continue to participate in collision sports.

American football.

Cervical cord neurapraxia among American football players is commonly observed in athletes playing positions involving high-speed collisions and open-field tackling. Cases of neurapraxia in the National Football League were first described in 1986 by Joseph S. Torg, M.D., founder of the National Football Head and Neck Injury Registry (established in 1975). As a result of Dr. Torg's findings the NFL as well as other levels of American football have outlawed the act of spearing, or the lowering of the head and hitting an opponent with the crown of the helmet. The cervical spine cannot properly absorb the force of a collision when the head is even slightly lowered as is the case in spearing. In addition to outlawing acts such as spearing, prevention of neurapraxia on the football field relies on instruction and reinforcement of proper tackling technique by coaches and trainers.

In popular culture.

In "M*A*S*H" Season 4 Episode one, Hawkeye Pierce claims that Radar O'Reilly has neurapraxia as an excuse for driving past a military checkpoint. Hawkeye lies about the causes and treatments to keep them from getting into trouble. When questioned by Radar he asked him if it was a real disease to which he answered "Yes but you can only get it by biting your nails" which Radar was about to do.

Neurapraxia is a disorder of the peripheral nervous system in which there is a temporary loss of motor and sensory function due to blockage of nerve conduction, usually lasting an average of six to eight weeks before full recovery. Neurapraxia is derived from the word apraxia, meaning “loss or impairment of the ability to execute complex coordinated movements without muscular or sensory impairment”.

La neurapraxie est une interruption de la conduction nerveuse sur le trajet d'un axone, sans qu'il y ait lésion de ce dernier. Elle se traduit cliniquement par un déficit de fonction, le plus souvent transitoire, se traduisant sur le plan électrophysiologique par un bloc de conduction nerveuse. Sur le plan histopathologique, elle s'accompagne parfois d'une altération morphologique de la gaine de myéline ou d'une démyélinisation segmentaire.


Family.

Anne was born in 1290 in the Kingdom of Bohemia. Her mother, Judith, died in 1297 when Anne was seven years old. Of her mother's ten children, only four of them lived to adulthood: Wenceslaus, Anne, Elizabeth and Margaret.  In 1300 Anne's widowed father, Wenceslaus, remarried a Polish princess called Elizabeth Richenza from the genus Piast dynasty. Anne's father then gained the Crown of Poland for the next five years (he died in 1305). They had a daughter, Agnes of Bohemia.  Her father also had numerous illegitimate children, including Jan Volek (?? – 27 September 1351), bishop of Olomouc

Marriage.

In 1306 Anne married Henry of Carinthia, a son of Meinhard, Duke of Carinthia and Elisabeth of Bavaria.  After the murder of Anne's brother, Wenceslaus, in 1306, Anne's husband was elected King of Bohemia and titular King of Poland. However, all power was soon taken over by Rudolf of Habsburg. Anne and Henry then fled to Carinthia out of reach from Rudolph. Rudolph only reigned for one year and on his death Henry assumed the throne of Bohemia again.  The royal couple turned their attention to Anne's younger unmarried sister Elisabeth. They wished to have her married but Elisabeth refused every suitor that came forward. In 1310 Elisabeth married John of Luxembourg. This union caused Anne and Elisabeth to fall out. It was said that Elisabeth was more beautiful than Anne and that Anne was jealous of her.  By 1310 John and Elisabeth occupied Prague; Anne and Henry were sent back to live in Carinthia in exile. It was there in 1313 that she died aged only twenty two and childless. Her husband married twice more.

Anne of Bohemia (1290–1313) was the eldest surviving daughter of Wenceslaus II of Bohemia and Poland and his first wife Judith of Habsburg. Her siblings included Elizabeth of Bohemia and Wenceslaus III of Bohemia.

Anne de Bohême (1290 † 1313), fille aînée de Wenceslas II Przemyslide (1271-1305), roi de Bohême et de sa première femme, Judith de Habsbourg (1271-1297). Elle a pour frères et sœurs, entre autres, Élisabeth de Bohême et Venceslas III.


History.

Foundation.

The Principality of Yaroslavl separated from the Grand Duchy of Vladimir-Suzdal when the sons of Konstantin Vsevolodovich divided his lands upon his death. Vsevolod Konstantinovich inherited the lands around Yaroslavl on both banks of the Volga River with its feeders — the Mologa, the Yukhot', the Ikhra, the Sit', the Sheksna and Lake Kubenskoye.  In 1238 the city was sacked by the Mongol invasion of Kievan Rus'. In the Battle of the Sit River on March 4, 1238, Vsevolod Konstantinovich was killed and the Russians defeated. As the result, the Mongol-Tatar Yoke established upon the Principality of Yaroslavl and all the Nort-East Rus' lands.  In 1262 the uprising against the Mongol tribute collectors ended in killing of all the local tatars. The vindictive attack was prevented by Alexander Nevsky, who went to the Golden Horde for negotiations.

During the Mongol-Tatar Yoke.

Later the sons of Vsevolod Konstantinovich ruled in the principality. Vasilii Vsevolodovich stayed in power from 1238-1249. His brother Konstantin Vsevolodovich ruled after his death. On 3 July, 1257, the battle of Tugova gora ended with another defeat of Russians, Konstantin Vsevolodovich was killed. Then a group of princes decided Vasilii's son-in-law should be ruler: Fedor Rostislavich Cherni, son of the ruler of Smolensk. His second wife was Anna, a daughter to the warlord Mengu-Timur.  In 1332 Ivan I of Moscow burnt down Yaroslavl under the Khan's orders. Then he forced the prince, Vasilii Davidovich Groznii to marry his daughter Yevdokia. Vasilii tried to be independent, adopting the title Grand prince and allying with Tver but the Khan ordered him to stay loyal to Moscow.  The last Grand Prince of Yaroslavl was Aleksandr Fedorovich Brukhatii who was forced to sign away the succession to Ivan III. Having emerged from the Principality of Rostov, in 14th–15th centuries it dissipated into and was ultimately incorporated into Grand Duchy of Moscow.

The Principality of Yaroslavl was an eastern Slavic principality with the capital in Yaroslavl city, which existed in 1218–1463 (de jure 1471), till the mid 14th century as a apanage principality in the Grand Duchy of Vladimir-Suzdal, then separated as the Grand Principality.

La Principauté de Iaroslavl (en ) est une principauté de la Rus' de Kiev, qui existe de 1218 à 1463, jusqu'à son incorporation au Grand-Duché de Moscou.


Christian Everhard, Prince of East Frisia

Life.

Before taking office, Everhard spent much time abroad. Unlike some other members of the Cirksena family, he had few disputes with the Estates of East Frisia. He took over government in 1690 from his mother, who administered the country until then as his guardian and regent. He quickly settled some disputes with the Estates, consolidating the peace, and bringing him the nickname "the peaceable".  Everhard was considered prudent, tolerant and pious. Like his mother, he allowed the presence of the Reformed Church although he himself was Lutheran. He approved an inheritance treaty with the Guelph elector Ernest Augustus of Brunswick-Lüneburg. The treaty was subsequently rejected by the emperor, who instead accepted a claim by Brandenburg and ruled that if the Cirksena family were to die out, Brandenburg would inherit East Frisia. Based on this ruling, Prussia occupied East Frisia when the Cirksena died out in 1744.  Everhard was sickly since childhood, and was accompanied on his travels by his personal physician, Eberhard Bacmeister. Everhard died in 1708, at a young age, like many Cirksena. He was succeeded by his second son George Albert.

Marriage and issue.

Prince Christian Everhard was married to Eberhadine Sophie of Oettingen-Oettingen (born: 16 August 1666; died 30 October 1700), a daughter of Albert Ernst I of Oettingen-Oettingen. The couple had the following children:  After the death of his first wife in 1701, he married Anna Juliana of Kleinau, Lady of Sandhorst (1674–1727). They had one daughter:

Prince Christian Everhard of East Frisia (1 October 1665, Esens – 30 June 1708, Aurich) was a Prince of East Frisia from the House of Cirksena from the day he was born in 1665, but remained under guardianship until 1690.

Christian-Eberhard (, Esens –, Aurich) est prince de Frise orientale de 1690 à sa mort. Son père, le prince Georges-Christian, meurt quatre mois avant sa naissance. La régence est assurée par sa mère, Christine-Charlotte de Wurtemberg, jusqu'à sa majorité.


History.

"World Book" was founded by Chicago publishers J. H. Hansen and John Bellow, who realized that existing encyclopedias were off-putting to young readers. In 1915, they enlisted the help of Michael Vincent O'Shea, a professor of education at the University of Wisconsin.  The first edition of "The World Book Encyclopedia" was published (as simply "The World Book") in 1917, by the Hanson-Roach-Fowler Company. "As a rule," wrote O'Shea, the founding editor, in the preface of that first edition, "encyclopedias are apt to be quite formal and technical. A faithful effort has been made in the World Book to avoid this common defect."  In 1919, "World Book" became the property of W.F. Quarrie & Company. The new owners created an editorial board to help make sure the entries were aligned with what students studied, from kindergarten through high school.  In 1945, the "World Book" became the property of Field Enterprises.  In 1978, "World Book" was purchased by Scott Fetzer Company, an Ohio conglomerate that left the encyclopedia company in Chicago. That year, the company had a sales force of 60,000 and vastly outsold Encyclopædia Britannica.  In 1985, the Scott Fetzer Company was purchased by Berkshire Hathaway. In the late 1980s, while the World Book sales force had declined, it still had 45,000 door-to-door representatives. For the year 1990, Berkshire Hathaway reported that the business of producing the encyclopedia had generated profits of $32 million. But as sales plunged in the 1990s, World Book's results were no longer broken out in Berkshire Hathaway financial reports.  In 2009, Funk & Wagnalls was acquired by "World Book Encyclopedia"; the company's "Funk & Wagnalls New Encyclopedia" had ceased publication in 1997.  As of 2018, the only official sales outlet for the "World Book" encyclopedia is the company’s website; the official list price is $1,199. A company representative said, that year, that "thousands” of print sets are still ordered annually, mostly by schools who use them as teaching tools for library research skills; public libraries and homeschooling families are also frequent purchasers.

Production.

The first edition (1917) contained eight volumes. New editions have since appeared every year except 1920, 1924, and 1932, with major revisions in 1929 (13 volumes), 1947 (19 volumes), 1960 (20 volumes), 1971 (22 volumes), and 1988 (new typeface and page design, and some 10,000 new editorial features).  Unlike the way most other encyclopedias were printed, "World Book" has traditionally been published in variously sized volumes, depending on the letter of the alphabet. Although most volumes cover exactly one letter completely, the letters with exceptionally numerous entries ("C" and "S") are divided between two volumes, while adjacent letters with relatively few entries ("J"–"K", "N"–"O", "Q"–"R", "U"–"V", and "W"–"Z") share a volume.  "World Book" editors lay out major articles distinctly, often starting them on a page of their own, perhaps with a two-column heading. Materials are reviewed and authored by experts. It recognizes that one of the primary uses of general-purpose encyclopedias is students' work on school reports. For instance, every article for a U.S. state has a box giving information about such things as the official state bird and tree; each President of the United States gets a very distinctive look with an oversized portrait, a timeline and significant historical events that occurred during that president's administration.

Alternative editions.

In 1962 "World Book" produced a Braille edition, which filled 145 volumes and nearly 40,000 pages. It was the first encyclopedia in Braille. The project was mainly an effort in goodwill, for the company did not see its way clear to selling enough copies of the set to cover production costs. Eventually, all sets of the Braille edition were donated to several institutions for the blind. In 1964 the company also published a large-print edition.  An international version, aimed at English-speakers outside of North America, was also produced in 1992.  Since 1998, in addition to the print and CD-ROM editions of the 22-volume, 13,800-page encyclopedia, "World Book" also publishes an online version called "World Book Online". The online version includes 23 subscription databases with all of the articles contained in the print set, as well as several thousand additional articles and the contents of every yearbook "World Book" has published since 1922. Articles are also available in Spanish. The online version contains links to current web sites and magazine articles, a news section, and video and audio samples.

Digital multimedia encyclopedia.

"World Book Encyclopedia" was also published in electronic form for Microsoft Windows and Apple's Mac OS X. Electronic editions contained the entire text of the 22-volume "World Book Encyclopedia", plus illustrations, video clips, 3D panoramic views, and sounds. The articles bring together a complete story, multimedia content, an article outline, research aids and links to related information. Online updates to articles and a "Month in Brief" time browser are available by subscription.  In 2002, Apple included a bundled copy of the Mac OS X Edition of "World Book Encyclopedia" when they made OS X the default operating system for all new computers. This edition had some Mac-only features including a more intuitive user interface, Sticky Notes sharing via Bonjour technology, "Trivia Challenge" game, a collection of editor-approved webcams, Notepad, speech capabilities and "This Day in History", "Media Showcase" and "Librarian" widgets.  Since November 2007, both the Windows and Mac electronic editions of "World Book Encyclopedia" have been developed and published by Software MacKiev.

Associated publishing projects.

Other "World Book" products include:

The World Book Encyclopedia is an encyclopedia published in the United States. The encyclopedia was designed to cover major areas of knowledge uniformly, but it shows particular strength in scientific, technical, and medical subjects.

La (WBE) est une encyclopédie imprimée américaine. Elle couvre les principaux domaines de connaissances de manière uniforme, mais elle montre une force particulière dans les matières scientifiques, techniques et médicales.


Description.

Race "sinha".

The upperside of the wings are rich ochre yellow. The forewing is dusky brown towards the base and near the tornus. The cel has three black sinuous lines and there is a line along the discocellulars. The interspaces beyond the apex of the cell are dark brown, the dark colour continues out in interspace 4 and joins a broad oblique short band from the costa. The dusky-brown shading at bases of interspaces 1–3 darkens outwards; Other marks include a transverse postdiscal series of dark brown spots, interrupted by large quadrate dark brown marks in interspace 4 and below costa; a subterminal lunular line and a broad terminal band dark brown or black. Hindwing is shaded toward the posterior and outer half by dusky brown and has a postdiscal row of dark brown spots, followed by a subterminal series of broad lunules and a broad terminal band dark brown or black. Underside of forewing has the basal area purplish brown, posterior half ochraceous yellow; the cell is crossed by three sinuous dark brown lines, the innermost of the three bordered inwardly with purplish white, the space between the outer two also pale purplish, the interspaces beyond the apex of the cell very pale ochre, followed by a transverse series of purple-white lunules, a row of dark brown spots, a subterminal inner series of dark ochre lunules and an outer dark ochre transverse line. Hindwing: the disc purplish brown, lightening to pale purple broadly along the dorsal and tornal areas; an obscure subbasal, dark brown, highly sinuous and irregular transverse line, followed by a sinuous transverse series of pale purple hmules, a discal series of dark ferruginous spots, obscure postdiscal and more clearly defined subterminal lines of dark lunules; the terminal margin narrowly brown. Antennae, head, thorax and abdomen dark ochraceous, the thorax and abdomen beneath buffy white.  The wingspan is 64–70 mm.  Found mainly in the Sub-Himalayan zone from Mussoorie to Assam extending into the Malayan region east to the Philippines. Also noted from the Eastern Ghats.

Vagrans is monotypic genus with the species vagrant (Vagrans egista) a species of nymphalid butterfly found in forested areas of tropical South Asia and Southeast Asia.

Vagrans egista est une espèce de lépidoptères (papillons) de la famille des Nymphalidae et de la sous-famille des Heliconiinae. Originaire d'Asie et d'Océanie, elle est l'unique représentante du genre monotypique Vagrans.


Background.

In October 2001, Durst released a statement on their website stating that "Limp Bizkit and Wes Borland have amicably decided to part ways. Both Limp Bizkit and Borland will continue to pursue their respective musical careers. Both wish each other the best of luck in all future endeavors." The band recorded their next album "Results May Vary" with Snot guitarist Mike Smith. In 2004, Borland rejoined Limp Bizkit, and the band announced that they would begin recording a new album, "The Unquestionable Truth (Part 1)". Sammy Siegler took over drumming duties for the band for much of the album. Every song on the EP has their titles beginning with the definite article word "the".

Music and lyrics.

"The Unquestionable Truth (Part 1)" focuses on much more serious and ominous lyrical subject matter than the band is generally known for, including propaganda, Catholic sex abuse cases, terrorism and fame. IGN reviewer Spence D. described the album's sound as being "sinister", calling Wes Borland's guitar playing on "The Propaganda" a "skirling swirl of darkness". Allmusic reviewer Stephen Thomas Erlewine described the album's music as "neo-prog alt-metal". "The Truth" was strongly influenced from industrial music, while "The Key" features a funk-based sound. "The Surrender" features Fred Durst singing against Sam Rivers' minimalist bass lines and ambiance provided by DJ Lethal.

Release and reception.

"The Unquestionable Truth (Part 1)" was released as an underground album, without any advertising or promotion. Borland disagreed with the decision, suggesting that it was "self-sabotage": "Maybe he was already unhappy with the music, and he didn't really want to put it out there." The album sold 37,000 copies during its first week in the United States, peaking at number 24 on the "Billboard" 200.  The album received mixed reviews. Allmusic's Stephen Thomas Erlewine said that the music is "a step in the right direction – it's more ambitious, dramatic, and aggressive, built on pummeling verses and stop-start choruses." However, he felt that the band was being "held back" by Durst, who he called "the most singularly unpleasant, absurd frontman in rock." In his book "The Essential Rock Discography", Martin Charles Strong gave the album 5 out of 10 stars.  IGN writer Spence D. wrote, "Given the components of the band—live Limp Bizkit is one tight, intense sonic unit that delivers bristling renditions of their catalog—one would hope that they had chosen to go off the musical deep end and deliver an album that dares to explore rather than rehash. Sadly, only a few brief moments of "The Unquestionable Truth (Part 1)" exhibit this kind of much needed direction. Here's to hoping that "Part 2" expands on the potential hinted at here."

Personnel.

Musicians  Other personnel

The Unquestionable Truth (Part 1) is an EP by the American band Limp Bizkit. Released in 2005, it is the first release by the band to feature guitarist Wes Borland since he rejoined the group. He had left the band in 2001, and their previous album "Results May Vary", was recorded without him. Drummer John Otto was absent for much of the album, and Sammy Siegler took over drumming duties for the band.

The Unquestionable Truth (Part 1) est le cinquième album studio de Limp Bizkit, sorti le. Il est considéré par le groupe comme un véritable album et non comme un EP malgré son nombre de pistes.


History.

"Old S".

S is one of several statistical computing languages that were designed at Bell Laboratories, and first took form between 1975–1976. Up to that time, much of the statistical computing was done by directly calling Fortran subroutines; however, S was designed to offer an alternate and more interactive approach. Early design decisions that hold even today include interactive graphics devices (printers and character terminals at the time), and providing easily accessible documentation for the functions.  The first working version of S was built in 1976, and operated on the GCOS operating system. At this time, S was unnamed, and suggestions included "ISCS (Interactive SCS)", "SCS (Statistical Computing System)", and "SAS (Statistical Analysis System)" (which was already taken: see SAS System). The name 'S' (used with single quotation marks until 1979) was chosen, as it was a common letter in the suggestions and consistent with other programming languages designed from the same institution at the time (namely the C programming language).  When UNIX/32V was ported to the (then new) 32-bit DEC VAX, computing on the Unix platform became feasible for S. In late 1979, S was ported from GCOS to UNIX, which would become the new primary platform.  In 1980 the first version of S was distributed outside Bell Laboratories and in 1981 source versions were made available. In 1984 two books were published by the research team at Bell Laboratories: "S: An Interactive Environment for Data Analysis and Graphics" (1984 Brown Book) and "Extending the S System". Also, in 1984 the source code for S became licensed through AT&T Software Sales for education and commercial purposes.

"New S".

By 1988, many changes were made to S and the syntax of the language. "The New S Language" (1988 Blue Book) was published to introduce the new features, such as the transition from "macros" to "functions" and how functions can be passed to other functions (such as codice_1). Many other changes to the S language were to extend the concept of "objects", and to make the syntax more consistent (and strict). However, many users found the transition to "New S" difficult, since their macros needed to be rewritten. Many other changes to S took hold, such as the use of X11 and PostScript graphics devices, rewriting many internal functions from Fortran to C, and the use of double precision (only) arithmetic. The "New S" language is very similar to that used in modern versions of S-PLUS and R.  In 1991, "Statistical Models in S" (1991 White Book) was published, which introduced the use of formula-notation (which use the '~' operator), data frame objects, and modifications to the use of object methods and classes.

S4.

The latest version of the S standard is S4, released in 1998. It provides advanced object-oriented features. S4 classes differ markedly from S3 classes; S4 formally defines the representation and inheritance for each class, and has multiple dispatch: the generic function can be dispatched to a method based on the class of any number of arguments, not just one.

S is a statistical programming language developed primarily by John Chambers and (in earlier versions) Rick Becker and Allan Wilks of Bell Laboratories. The aim of the language, as expressed by John Chambers, is "to turn ideas into software, quickly and faithfully".

S est un langage de programmation de très haut niveau et un environnement d'analyse des données et des graphiques conçu dans les années 1975-1976 par John Chambers. En 1998, l'ACM offre son prix d'excellence logicielle à John Chambers pour « le système S, lequel a changé à jamais la façon dont les gens analysent, visualisent et manipulent les données ».