History.

The Comets' franchise, one of the oldest professional hockey franchises in existence, dates back to 1932, when the team was known as the Quebec Beavers. In 1935, the franchise moved to Springfield and became the Indians, reviving the name after the original Indians franchise ceased operations during the 1932–33 Canadian-American Hockey League season. In addition to the Indians, the team has been known as the Syracuse Warriors, Springfield Kings, Worcester IceCats and then the Peoria Rivermen. The Rivermen franchise was purchased by Canucks Sports & Entertainment (CS&E), owners of the National Hockey League's (NHL) Vancouver Canucks, in a deal announced on March 29, 2013, and approved by the American Hockey League (AHL) on April 18.  After purchasing the Rivermen franchise, CS&E intended to have the franchise located in a market close to Vancouver, British Columbia. Their initial preference was Abbotsford, British Columbia, which was home to the Calgary Flames' AHL farm club, the Abbotsford Heat. The Heat had been rumored to have plans to relocate to Utica, New York, at the time. Negotiations between the Canucks and Abbotsford broke down by April 22, ensuring the Heat would remain in the city. Media reports speculated that the Canucks would move the team to Vancouver and share Rogers Arena, which is also owned by CS&E, with the Canucks. This proved impossible as Vancouver is within Abbotsford's 50-mile territorial radius provided by the AHL. A reported plan to have the team play in Seattle's KeyArena was disallowed by the NHL, as Seattle was reportedly a candidate to land the troubled Phoenix Coyotes franchise. However, the Coyotes eventually found a new owner with intentions to keep the franchise in Arizona.  By May 2013, CS&E's options for the franchise were dwindling; it did consider keeping the franchise in Peoria, but notified the city on May 13 it would not operate in that city, and the Rivermen were replaced by a Southern Professional Hockey League team of the same name. CS&E did consider placing the franchise in dormancy for the 2013–14 season, with the Canucks loaning their AHL prospects to other teams. Facing an extended deadline by the AHL to find a new home, CS&E agreed to a deal with Utica, New York, to relocate the franchise to the city's soon-to-be-renovated Memorial Auditorium. The deal was confirmed on June 14 with an official announcement revealing the Utica Comets name and affiliation, along with logo and jerseys patterned after the Canucks' blue, green and silver color scheme. The Comets' nickname honors several prior professional hockey teams in the Mohawk Valley, most notably the Clinton and Mohawk Valley Comets, which played from 1927 until 1977 (as the Mohawk Valley Comets, they called the Memorial Auditorium home); the Atlantic Coast Hockey League's Mohawk Valley Comets, which played from 1985 until 1987; and a third team of the same name, which played in the North Eastern Hockey League during the 2003–04 season.  First Years in Utica  After the founding CS&E began hiring personnel to run the team. Travis Green became the first head coach in team history, while Paul Jerrard and Nolan Baumgartner were named assistant coaches, and Pat Conacher was hired as the director of hockey operations. Utica played its first game on October 11, 2013, a 4–1 loss to the Rochester Americans. In the game, Pascal Pelletier scored the first goal in Comets history. Utica lost two more games before making their home debut. Before the game, the Comets celebrated the region's hockey history with a slide show, Gordie Howe dropped the ceremonial puck and the Hanson Brothers from the movie "Slap Shot" made an appearance. Utica lost the game 4–1 to the Albany Devils. One week after their home opener, Colin Stuart was named team captain. The Comets finished their debut season with 35 victories and 79 points, just four behind the last spot of the playoffs. Seventeen of the team's thirty-eight home games were sold out.  Before the 2014–15 season, Cal O'Reilly was named the team's new captain. The Comets saw much improvement in their sophomore season, and after Sven Baertschi and Cory Conacher were acquired in trades, the team soon dominated the Western Conference, finishing the regular season as the top seed. During the playoffs, the Comets won the Robert W. Clarke Trophy as Western Conference champions, advancing to the Calder Cup finals against the Manchester Monarchs; the Comets would fall to the Monarchs in five games. Following the season, O'Reilly would join his brother Ryan with the Buffalo Sabres.  The 2015–16 season saw the departure of many Comets players. Jacob Markstrom became the backup goaltender for the Canucks, Brendan Gaunce and newly-named captain Alex Biega also spent significant time with the Canucks, while Nicklas Jensen and Hunter Shinkaruk were traded mid-season to the New York Rangers and Calgary Flames, respectively. The Comets placed third in the North Division, which was moved to the Eastern Conference at the start of the season. They were eliminated in the first round of the 2016 playoffs, losing the series 3–1 to the Albany Devils.  At the start of the 2016–17 season, Carter Bancks was named team captain, replacing Alex Biega, who became a full-time player for the Canucks. The Comets were unable to clinch a playoff berth, falling four points short. However, the team managed to sellout every home game, extending their sellout streak.  On April 26, 2017, the Canucks hired Green as their new head coach. Green had led the Comets to a 155–110–39 record through their first four seasons. He was replaced by Trent Cull as head coach.  The Comets continued their sellout streak through the 2017–18 season. They qualified for the 2018 playoffs as the fourth seed in the North Division. They lost the opening round in five games to the Toronto Marlies, the eventual Calder Cup champions.  On October 19, 2018, the Utica Comets sold out their 121st consecutive regular season game, establishing a new AHL record. They also sold out all of their 17 playoff games hosted during this span, for a combined streak of 138 consecutive sellouts. They reached 200 consecutive regular season sellouts on February 29, 2020.  On December 29, 2018, during the final season of their initial six-year affiliation agreement, the Canucks and Comets extended their affiliation agreement for up to an additional six years.  The Comets played their first 61 games of the 2019-20 season, but the last 15 games of the season were postponed on March 12, 2020 due to the COVID-19 pandemic.  The Comets will be facing and hosting the Syracuse Crunch in an outdoor game at the Griffiss Business and Technology Park in Rome, NY on February 13, 2021.

Players.

Team captains.

There have been four Comets players who have served as the Captain. Colin Stuart was the franchise's first captain, who was appointed until he left the team as a free agent in 2014. Current captain Carter Bancks is the franchise's longest-tenured captain, who has held the position since 2016.

The Utica Comets are a professional ice hockey team based in Utica, New York. They are members of the North Division, of the Eastern Conference of the American Hockey League (AHL). Beginning play in the 2013–14 season, the team plays at the Adirondack Bank Center as the AHL affiliate of the National Hockey League's Vancouver Canucks. The Comets are the second AHL team to call Utica home; the Utica Devils played in the city from 1987 until 1993 and were affiliated with the New Jersey Devils.

Les Comets d'Utica sont une équipe professionnelle de hockey sur glace évoluant dans la Ligue américaine de hockey (LAH) qui débute ses activités lors de la saison 2013-2014. L'équipe joue à l’"" à Utica dans l'État de New York. Les "Comets" sont affiliés aux Canucks de Vancouver de la Ligue nationale de hockey (LNH).


Background.

The 1974 "Election Expenses Act" prohibited third party interest groups, defined as any individual or group other than a candidate or a registered political party, from spending money in promoting or opposing candidates and parties. In 1997, the Supreme Court ruled in "Libman v. Attorney General of Quebec" that restricting third party spending has a valid object "to permit an informed choice to be made by ensuring that some positions are not buried by others".  The Liberal Party of Canada's government introduced Bill C-2 which became the new Canada Elections Act in 2002. Bill C-2 limited third party election advertising maximum spending to $150,000 nationwide, of which a maximum of $3,000 can be spent on a given electoral district.  Stephen Harper, then president of the National Citizens Coalition (he became Prime Minister in 2006), launched a constitutional challenge in June 2000 to Court of Queen's Bench of Alberta in Edmonton. The court held that sections 350 and 351 of the Canada Elections Act were unconstitutional. The Alberta Court of Appeal, in a 2-1 decision, ruled on December 16, 2002 that all provisions on third party activities, except for section 358, violate the Charter of Rights and Freedoms.

Ruling.

The majority was written by Justice Bastarache v with Justice Iacobucci, Arbour, LeBel, Deschamps and Fish concurring.  The court found that, though the spending limits infringe upon section 2b of the Charter, the law is reasonable and is justified in light of section 1. The majority concluded that the objective of the spending limits is electoral fairness. The law has an effect in creating "a level playing field for those who wish to engage in the electoral discourse, enabling voters to be better informed". In addition, section 3 of the Charter is not infringed because the right of meaningful participation in electoral process includes the right to participate in an "informed manner". Without spending limits, individuals or groups can dominate the discussion and prevent opposing views from being heard.

Dissent.

Chief Justice McLachlin and Justice Major wrote for the dissent (in parts), with Justice Binnie concurring. The dissenting justices argued that the spending limit set out in section 350 of the Canada Elections Act is inconsistent with section 2b of the Charter of Rights and Freedoms as the third party limits were too restrictive. The limit of $3000 was insufficient to purchase a full-page advertisement in a major Canadian newspaper or to initiate a bulk-mailing campaign within a single riding with Canada Post. Thus, radio and television communication becomes the "exclusive right of registered political parties and their candidates". Section 351 should also be invalidated because "it is keyed exclusively to the spending limits in s. 350". The justices held that the remaining sections of the Elections Act were in violation of s 2(b) but saved by s 1.

Aftermath.

Stephen Harper later became Prime Minister and held that office for almost a decade, during which time his Conservative government enacted several far-reaching changes elsewhere to the Canada Elections Act and related electoral laws. Despite this, the Harper government only made minor changes to Sections 350 and 351, which remain in force (complete with limits originally prescribed in 2000 that are neither adjusted for nor indexed to inflation) as of 2016.

Harper v Canada (AG), [2004] 1 S.C.R. 827, 2004 SCC 33, is a leading decision of the Supreme Court of Canada wherein the Court ruled that Canada Elections Act's spending limits on third party election advertising did violate section 2(b) and 2(d) and section 3 of the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms but was justified under Section One of the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms.

La cause Harper c. Canada (Procureur général) [2004] 1 R.C.S. 827, 2004 SCC 33 a donné lieu à un important jugement de la Cour suprême du Canada, établissant que les limites imposées par la Loi électorale du Canada sur les dépenses publicitaires par des tiers ne viole pas l'article 2 ni l'article 3 de la Charte canadienne des droits et libertés.


History.

Soviet-era excavations have shown that the area of Vardzia was inhabited during the Bronze Age and indicated the reach of Trialeti culture. Cave settlements such as Uplistsikhe are known along the Kura River from at least the fifth century BC, while rock cut architecture in the context of Georgian Christianity is known from Zedazeni and Garedzhi from the sixth century AD, and more locally from Vanis Kvabebi, Cholta and Margastani from the eighth century. Four distinct building phases have been identified at Vardzia: the first during the reign of Giorgi III (1156–1184), when the site was laid out and the first cave dwellings excavated; the second between his death and the marriage of his successor Tamar in 1186, when the Church of the Dormition was carved out and decorated; the third from that date until the Battle of Basian c.1203, during which time many more dwellings as well as the defences, water supply, and irrigation network were constructed; while the fourth was a period of partial rebuilding after heavy damage in the earthquake of 1283.  A number of documentary sources supplement the knowledge derived from the site's physical fabric. The collection of chronicles known as the "History of Georgia" refers to Tamar erecting a church to house the icon of the Virgin of Vardzia after receiving divine help in her campaigns, before transferring the monastery from Upper or Zeda Vardzia. Tamar is said to have departed from Vardzia during her campaign against the Muslims, and her ensuing victory at Basian is celebrated in the "Hymns in Honour of the Virgin of Vardzia" by Ioane Shavteli. The "History of Georgia" also relates how Vardzia escaped the Mongol invaders in the 1290s. The Persian Safavid chronicler Hasan Bey Rumlu describes Vardzia as a "wonder", "impregnable as the wall of Alexander the Great", before recounting its sack by the Persians under Shah Tahmasp I in 1551; a near-contemporary note in the Vardzia Gospel tells of its repatriation from a Persian bazaar. After the arrival of the Ottomans in 1578, the monks departed and the site was abandoned.

Site.

The greater Vardzia area includes also the early eleventh-century church at Zeda Vardzia and the tenth- to twelfth-century rock village and cave churches of Ananauri. The main lower site was carved from the cliff's central stratum of tufaceous breccia at an elevation of thirteen hundred metres above sea level. It is divided into an eastern and a western part by the Church of the Dormition. In the eastern part of the complex are seventy-nine separate cave dwellings, in eight tiers and with a total of 242 rooms, including six chapels, "Tamar's Room", a meeting room, reception chamber, pharmacy, and twenty-five wine cellars; 185 wine jars sunk into the floor document the importance of viticulture to the monastic economy. In the western part, between the bell tower and the main church, are a further forty houses, in thirteen tiers and with a total of 165 rooms, including six chapels, a refectory with a bakery, other ovens for baking bread, and a forge. Beyond the bell tower the complex rises to nineteen tiers, with steps leading to a cemetery. Infrastructure includes access tunnels, water facilities, and provision for defence.

Church of the Dormition.

The Church of the Dormition was the central spiritual and monumental focus of the site. Carved similarly from the rock, its walls reinforced in stone, it measures by, rising to a height of. Both church and narthex are painted; these paintings are of "crucial significance in the development of the Medieval Georgian mural painting". Its patron, Rati Surameli, is commemorated in a donor portrait on the north wall; the accompanying inscription reads "Mother of God, accept... the offering of your servant Rati, "eristavi" of Kartli, who has zealously decorated this holy church to your glory". On the same north wall are portraits of the royal founders, Giorgi III and Tamar; she lacks the ribbon that is the attribute of a married woman and her inscription includes the formula "God grant her a long life", while that of Giorgi does not; this helps date the paintings to between Giorgi's death in 1184 and Tamar's marriage in 1186. Episodes from the life of Christ occupy the vaults and upper walls in a sequence, starting with the Annunciation, followed by the Nativity, Presentation in the Temple, Baptism, Transfiguration, Raising of Lazarus, Triumphal Entry into Jerusalem, Last Supper, Washing of the Feet, Crucifixion, Harrowing of Hell, Ascension, Descent of the Holy Spirit, and Dormition (the church is sometimes known as the Church of the Assumption, which corresponds with the Orthodox Feast of the Dormition). At a lower level, more accessible as intercessors, are paintings of saints and stylites. On the rear wall of the sanctuary, behind the altar, are Twelve Church Fathers. In the narthex are scenes of the Last Judgment, Bosom of Abraham, Angels bearing a Medallion with the Cross, and three scenes from the life of Saint Stephen; other paintings were lost in the 1283 earthquake. The paintings are not frescoes, but executed in "secco", and "testify to contacts with the Christian Orient and the Byzantine world, but applied using local artistic traditions".

Management.

Since 1985 the site has formed part of the Vardzia Historical–Architectural Museum-Reserve, which includes forty-six architectural sites, twelve archaeological sites, and twenty-one sites of monumental art. In 1999 Vardzia-Khertvisi was submitted for inscription on the UNESCO World Heritage List as a Cultural Site in accordance with criteria ii, iii, iv, v, and vi. In their evaluation, advisory body ICOMOS cited Göreme in Cappadocia as the closest amongst cave monastery sites of international significance. In 2007 Vardzia-Khertvisi was resubmitted as a mixed Cultural and Natural Site in accordance also with criterion vii. From 2012, conservation of the wall paintings in the Church of the Dormition is to be carried out by the Courtauld Institute of Art in conjunction with the National Agency for Cultural Heritage Preservation of Georgia and Tbilisi State Academy of Arts.

Vardzia () is a cave monastery site in southern Georgia, excavated from the slopes of the Erusheti Mountain on the left bank of the Kura River, thirty kilometres from Aspindza. The main period of construction was the second half of the twelfth century. The caves stretch along the cliff for some five hundred meters and in up to nineteen tiers. The Church of the Dormition, dating to the 1180s during the golden age of Tamar and Rustaveli, has an important series of wall paintings. The site was largely abandoned after the Ottoman takeover in the sixteenth century. Now part of a state heritage reserve, the extended area of Vardzia-Khertvisi has been submitted for future inscription on the UNESCO World Heritage List.

Vardzia (en ) est un ensemble monastique troglodytique du, qui constitue un monument artistique culturel géorgien. Le site se situe au sud de la Géorgie, sur la Montagne Erusheti à la rive gauche du fleuve Mtkvari et à trente kilomètres d'Aspindza. Ce chef-d’œuvre est entouré d'un réseau de forteresses, pour être utilisé, à cette époque, comme point d'appui en cas d'attaque par le sud.


Academic career.

Doody completed her doctorate at the University of Oxford in 1968. She then taught at the University of Wales from 1969 to 1976. After which she taught at Princeton University.  According to reports in the New York Times, Doody, along with Valerie Smith, Emory Elliott, and Sandra Gilbert all resigned from Princeton in 1989. The reports suggest that the four were unhappy with the leniency shown to Thomas McFarland after he was accused of sexual misconduct. McFarland was initially put on a one-year suspension, but eventually took early retirement after these resignations and threats of student boycotts.  Subsequently, she taught at Vanderbilt University and the University of Notre Dame.

Fiction writing.

Although historical detective stories are now a flourishing genre, with Steven Saylor and Lindsey Davis being particularly prominent in the field of detective stories set in classical antiquity, back in 1978, when "Aristotle Detective" was first published, Doody was something of a pioneer in the genre. Recently she has added four more to the series featuring Aristotle as a 4th Century B.C. detective. There is also a novella, "Anello di bronzo" (Ring of Bronze), currently available only in Italian.  Doody's "Aristotle" books are published in Italy by Sellerio editore, which also produced a translation of "The Alchemists". In France the mystery novels are published by 10/18. They are also available in Spanish, Portuguese and Greek; individual novels have recently appeared in Polish and Russian. The first "Aristotle" novel has also been published in German.

Margaret Anne Doody (born September 21, 1939) is a Canadian author of historical detective fiction and feminist literary critic. She is professor of literature at the University of Notre Dame, and helped found the PhD in Literature Program at Notre Dame, and served as its director from 2001-2007.

Margaret Anne Doody, née le à Saint-Jean, dans la province du Nouveau-Brunswick, est un professeur de littérature anglaise de l’Université Notre-Dame-du-Lac de l’Indiana et un auteur canadien de sept romans policiers historiques ayant pour héros le philosophe grec Aristote. Elle a contribué à mettre sur pied le programme du doctorat de littérature de l'université, qu'elle a dirigé de 2001 à 2007.


Early life.

Amanda Conner studied at The Kubert School in Dover, New Jersey. She names as influences Joe Kubert, for teaching his students to compose pages as if they were to be devoid of any dialogue or word balloons, and Frank Miller for his pacing and his ability to create tension and intense action and reactions.

Career.

Conner worked at a color separation company, which handled comics coloring prior to the industry adoption of computer programs such as Photoshop. She subsequently worked in a comic book store. At the time she lived a little over an hour from New York City, and on her days off, would travel to New York City with her father, and use his office at the advertising industry where he worked as a home base from which to call editors at Marvel Comics and DC Comics to request a portfolio review. When granted these interviews, she was told that she had potential, but needed to work on her art more. At this same time she became acquainted with professional artists through her work at the comic shop, and answered an advertisement by artist Bill Sienkiewicz, who was seeking an assistant. She took the job, which became her first comics work, while continuing to show her portfolio to editors at Marvel and DC. She also illustrated storyboards for the advertising industry. After about her sixth or seventh time showing her portfolio, Marvel editor Greg Wright gave Conner her first illustration assignment, an 11-page Yellowjacket back-up story in "Solo Avengers" #12 (November 1988).  Her other early work includes "Excalibur" and "Suburban Jersey Ninja She-Devils" for Marvel, "Strip AIDS U.S.A." for Last Gasp in 1988, and "Archie" and "The Adventures of Bayou Billy" stories for Archie Comics in 1989-90. During this time, she worked with Marvel editor and artist Jimmy Palmiotti (now her husband), who often inks over Conner's pencils.  From 1993–1994 she penciled issues #1–10 of Peter David and Richard Howell's creator-owned series, "Soulsearchers and Company", which was published by Claypool Comics. In 1994 she penciled "Barbie Fashion" #43, a Marvel Comics title that was licensed from the Mattel doll. That same year she did her first Vampirella work with "Vengeance of Vampirella", a mini-comic that was bundled with an issue of "Wizard" magazine. The following year she pencilled issues 2 - 11 of Marvel's "Gargoyles", which was based on the Disney animated television series of the same name. In 1996 she pencilled "Kid Death & Fluffy Spring Break Special" #1 for Topps Comics and "Tomoe" #3 for Billy Tucci's Crusade Comics. She also returned to Vampirella with Harris' "Vampirella Lives" #1–3, which teamed her with writer Warren Ellis.  In 1997 she illustrated the intercompany crossover "Painkiller Jane vs. The Darkness" for Event Comics. It was in working on this book that Conner says that she found her niche in the industry, explaining that the licensed characters she had previously worked on, particularly Barbie and Vampirella (the latter of which she stresses she nonetheless enjoyed for the writers she worked with) had narrow emotional ranges, which limited the facial expressions she was able to render. On "PKJ v. the Darkness" she discovered that it was possible to render material of a dark tone that incorporated black humor. Conner returned to "Painkiller Jane" with a #0 issue, which recounted the character's origin. Her other comic book credits include "Lois Lane", "", and "Birds of Prey" for DC Comics, as well as "Two-Step" with writer Warren Ellis for the Cliffhanger! imprint of WildStorm Comics (owned by DC Comics); "X-Men Unlimited" for Marvel; "Gatecrasher", which she co-created for Black Bull Comics; and "The Pro", a creator-owned book for Image Comics with Palmiotti and Garth Ennis. In 2005, she illustrated the origin of Power Girl in "JSA Classified" #1-4. She also penciled a "Blade" comic to go with the special DVD edition.  Her art has appeared on ABC'S "Nightline", and in "The New York Times" and "MAD" magazine. She has also done promotional artwork for the reality television series "Who Wants to Be a Superhero?" and the 2007 feature film "Underdog". She does spot illustrations in "Revolver" magazine each month. Her commercial art work includes illustrations for the New York City advertising agencies Kornhauser & Calene, and Kidvertisers, for such accounts as Arm & Hammer, Playskool, and Nickelodeon. Nike, Inc. commissioned Conner and fellow comics artist Jan Duursema to design the "Make Yourself: A Super Power" advertising campaign in 2011.  Conner did modeling/art reference work for the Marvel miniseries "" in the 1980s, and for artist Joe Jusko's "Punisher / Painkiller Jane" in 2000.  Conner, Palmiotti, and writer Justin Gray work together via their multimedia entertainment company PaperFilms. They collaborated on the "Terra" miniseries, which premiered in November 2008, and the first 12 issues of the "Power Girl" ongoing series, which were published between 2009 and 2010, both of which Conner penciled. in 2009, Conner drew the Supergirl story in "Wednesday Comics" which also featured appearance by Krypto and Streaky the Supercat. Following her departure from "Power Girl", Conner wrote and pencilled a story published in "Wonder Woman" #600, which featured a team-up between Power Girl, Wonder Woman, and Batgirl. IDW Publishing released "The Art of Amanda Conner" in April 2012 while DC Comics published "DC Comics: The Sequential Art of Amanda Conner" the following November. In 2012–2013, Conner drew the "Before Watchmen: Silk Spectre" limited series which she co-wrote with Darwyn Cooke. Cooke had insisted on having Conner as a collaborator on the series, stating that "I knew I had something to say about Laurie, and I needed somebody to collaborate with who could help realize it. The only person I know alive that could do that was Amanda. So I kind of made it a fuck-or-walk situation, you know? [Laughs.] 'We get Amanda, or I can’t do this.' So that made it incumbent upon [DC co-publisher] Dan [DiDio] to bring Amanda into it." Conner and Palmiotti launched a "Harley Quinn" ongoing series in November 2013. Amanda was a key contributor to the revitalization of Harley Quinn at DC Comics. Providing not only interior and cover art, her writing alongside Jimmy Palmiotti for over 100 different issues of the character returned Harley Quinn to the spotlight. Their work championed the popularity of the character again. Their stories, characters, designs and concepts heavily influenced the look and feel of the character, merchandising and Harley Quinn rise into both the theatrical and mainstream media/audience again.  Amanda's influence on Harley Quinn is highly associated with Harley's tendency to wear or create different costumes. This led to a major cosplay movement that pushed thousands of merchandising, licensed ideas and variations based on her designs. With the thought that no woman wears the same outfit, Amanda pushed to have Harley Quinn rotate or change outfits.  Additionally, she provided the design concepts for the DC Universe streaming Harley Quinn Animated series. Many of the story line ideas and dialog have been used for source material on the episodes. These concepts have also been launching points for both the Birds of Prey and Suicide Squad feature movies.  Conner's art was featured in "The Perspiration Implementation", the October 19, 2015, episode of the American sitcom "The Big Bang Theory". In the episode, comic book store owner Stuart Bloom asks the women for ideas on how to attract more women to his shop, and Amy Farrah Fowler (Mayim Bialik) points out that an illustration hanging on one of the shop's walls, "Girl on a Leash", may not be conducive to attracting female customers. The image, which was illustrated by Conner and colored by Paul Mounts, depicts a scantily-clad woman being held on a chain leash by a muscular, whip-wielding masked man.  In 2015, Conner was voted as the #2 top female comics artist of all time.  On May 18, 2019, at the Comic Con Revolution event in Ontario, California, Conner was named the 2019 recipient of the Joe Kubert Distinguished Storyteller Award, which is given to "outstanding comic book creators who exemplify both Joe Kubert's artistic talent and his commitment to nurturing the comic book community."  In February 2020, Amanda will be returning to write and draw the upcoming Harley Quinn and Birds of Prey Black Label series for DC Comics.

Technique and materials.

While reading each page of a script, Conner does tiny thumbnail sketches with stick figures corresponding to the story indicated on each page, in order to help her design the page's layout. She then does tighter, more elaborate sketches, though still fairly small compared with the finished artwork, approximately 4" x 6", and then blows those up on a photocopier to the proper original comic art size, which is 10 inches x 15 inches. She then uses "very tight pencils" to light-box it onto Bristol board, if she intends to have it inked by her husband and collaborator, Jimmy Palmiotti, but will do the pencils "lighter and looser" if she intends to ink it herself, as she already knows how she wants the artwork rendered.  Conner has created her own paper stock and blue line format on her drawing paper, because, she explains, she likes having those configurations pre-printed on the page, and feels that "sometimes the rough is too toothy and the smooth is too slick." The stock she uses is the 10" x 15" Strathmore 500 series, but she also orders a custom 8" x 12" stock because she sometimes finds those dimensions more comfortable and easier to work on more quickly. She also finds the Strathmore 300 series "pretty good", in that she appreciates its texture and greater affordability, but says that she must occasionally contend with getting a "bleedy batch".  Conner uses mechanical pencils with.03 lead because she finds it easier to use than regular pencils that require her to stop and sharpen them frequently. When working on one of her own projects, such as "The Pro", she prefers to letter the art herself, before the inking stage, as she appreciates the handmade, organic look and feel of hand lettering, in contrast to the computer lettering with which most books are currently produced. To ink her own artwork, she uses Staedtler.03,.01 and.005 technical pen, and will sometimes use a Copic.005 for extremely fine work, as these implements feel better in her hands than crowquills and brushes. As her artwork is open and lacks much shading, Conner feels that Paul Mounts is a compatible colorist for her work, as he achieves "the right amount of bounciness or moodiness, depending on what's needed." Conner has stated that her favorite things to draw are facial expressions and body language.

Personal life.

Conner has lived in Los Angeles; Jacksonville, Florida; and Connecticut. She and her husband and frequent collaborator Jimmy Palmiotti lived in Brooklyn, New York City but now live in Florida, which Palmiotti referred to in an interview as the "sixth borough of New York."

Amanda Conner is an American comics artist and commercial art illustrator. She began her career in the late 1980s for Archie Comics and Marvel Comics, before moving on to contribute work for Claypool Comics' "Soulsearchers and Company" and Harris Comics' "Vampirella" in the 1990s. Her 2000s work includes "Mad" magazine, and such DC Comics characters as Harley Quinn, Power Girl, Atlee.

Amanda Conner, née à Los Angeles, est une dessinatrice de comics américaine. Elle est la compagne du dessinateur Jimmy Palmiotti.


History.

Prior to the current "Show! Music Core", numerous music programs with similar content were aired on MBC. Below is the list in chronological order.  "Live Music Camp" was cancelled due to a broadcast accident of revealing genitalia.  After a brief hiatus, "Show! Music Core" began airing on October 29, 2005, with charts similar to its predecessors. However, the charts were removed on January 7, 2006, and it continues to air without any charts or awards. Even without the weekly chart award, the show was known for its special production and stages.  From 2007 to 2008, a "Mobile Ranking" segment was used to rank the popularity of songs downloaded to mobile phones and from online music sites.  On March 11, 2013, MBC announced they would return their chart system after seven years without the segment. The ranking system was reinstalled on April 20, 2013, with a first-place trophy given to the top song amongst the nominees for each week.  November 21, 2015, MBC announced that their chart system would be removed once again. The MBC variety department said "Instead of the ranking system, we intend to show more diverse genres of music and continue to work hard to be a representative music program of Korea.”  On February 11, 2016, MBC announced a trial phase of their simultaneous live broadcast of "Show! Music Core" in HD and UHD (ultra-high-definition) utilizing a dedicated 4K camera, in preparation for their launch of UHD broadcasts scheduled for 2017. The trial phase had taken place February 13 through March 12, 2016.  On April 5, 2017, MBC announced that they would, yet again, return to their chart ranking system since April 22, 2017.

Chart system.

Music Core brought back the show's chart on April 20, 2013. First-place winners are determined using the ranking system below. The list also shows the current and former scoring computation used. As of June 8, 2013, four nominees had decreased to three nominees.

List of winners.

2014.

January  February  March  April  May  June  July  August  September  October  November  December

2015.

January  February  March  April  May  June  July  August  September  October  November  "(Starting from November 14, 2015, the ranking system was abolished but was revived later on April 22, 2017)"

Achievements by artists.

First system (April 20, 2013 – April 27, 2013): Physical Album + Digital Sales (40%), Music Video Views (15%), Viewers Committee Pre-voting (20%), Live Voting (25%) Second system (May 4, 2013 – June 1, 2013): Physical Album + Digital Sales (60%), Music Video Views (10%), Viewers Committee Pre-voting (10%), Live Voting (20%) Third system (June 8, 2013 – June 14, 2014): Physical Album + Digital Sales (70%), Music Video Views (10%), Viewers Committee Pre-voting (10%), Live Voting (10%)  Fourth system (June 21, 2014 – November 14, 2015): Physical Album + Digital Sales (60%), Music Video Views (10%), Viewers Committee Pre-voting (15%), Live Voting (15%)  Fifth system (April 22, 2017 – August 17, 2019): Physical Album + Digital Sales 60%, Music Video Views 10%, Viewers Committee Pre-voting 10%, MBC Radio Broadcast 5%, Audience Live Voting 15%  Sixth system (August 24, 2019 – March 14, 2020): Physical Album + Digital Sales 60%, Music Video Views 10%, Viewers Committee Pre-voting (by 2,000 people) 10%, MBC Radio Broadcast 5%, Streaming HOT Chart 10% (for 1st place nominees only), Audience Live Voting 15% (for 1st place nominees only)  Seventh system (March 21, 2020 – present): Physical Album + Digital Sales 60%, Music Video Views 10%, Viewers Committee Pre-voting (by 2,000 people) 10%, MBC Radio Broadcast 5%, Streaming HOT Chart 10% (for 1st place nominees only), Audience Live Voting 15% (for 1st place nominees only), Global Fans Vote 10% (for 1st place nominees only)

Show! Music Core () is a South Korean music television program broadcast by MBC. It airs live every Saturday. The show features some of the latest and most popular artists who perform live on stage. It is broadcast from MBC Dream Center in Goyang, Gyeonggi-do.

Show! Music Core (coréen: 쇼! 음악중심, "Syo! Eum-ak Joong-sim") est une émission de télévision sud-coréenne diffusée sur MBC et animée par Mina (Gugudan), Chani (SF9) et Hyunjin (Stray Kids). Cette émission est diffusée tous les samedis à 16h00.


Early life.

Ali Mamluk was born in Damascus into a Circassian family on 19 February 1946. There is another report giving his birth year as 1945. His family is originally from İskenderun (Hatay in Turkey).

Career.

Mamlouk is said to be one of the founding officers of the Syrian Air Force Intelligence in the 1970s. He was deputy director there, when in June 2005 President Bashar Assad appointed him head of the General Security Directorate.  Mamlouk is said to be on good terms with all of Syria's intelligence agencies; the heads of the Air Force Intelligence Directorate and the Political Security Directorate were once his assistants. In July 2012 following the Damascus security HQ bombing, it was reported that Mamlouk would become the head of the National Security Bureau with the rank of minister overseeing the entire security apparatus, and that former military intelligence chief Abdel-Fatah Qudsiyeh would become his assistant.

Controversy.

Mamlouk is one of many officials sanctioned by the European Union for their alleged actions against protesters participating in the Syrian revolution. His agency had "repressed internal dissent, monitored individual citizens, and had been involved in the Syrian government's Siege of Daraa, where protesters were killed by Syrian security services". In addition, he was added to the European Union's sanction list on 9 May 2011 on the grounds that he "involved in violence against demonstrators" during the war. Swiss government also put him into sanction list in September 2011. On 23 April 2012, the US government imposed sanctions on him, saying he had been responsible for human rights abuses, including the use of violence against civilians.  In May 2015, concern mounted regarding Mamlouk's whereabouts and health after not having been seen for some time, leading to comparisons with Rustum Ghazaleh who recently met a violent and unclear death.  In July 2015, Mamlouk visited Jeddah in Saudi Arabia and Muscat in Oman and met with Saudi and GCC officials to discuss proposals for ending the Syrian Civil War.

Criminal investigations.

On 11 August 2012, Lebanon indicted Ali Mamlouk in absentia and former Lebanese Information Minister Michel Samaha for their alleged plots to assassinate Lebanese political and religious figures. Lebanese judicial officials issued a warrant for Mamlouk's arrest on 4 February 2013.  In November 2018, French prosecutors issued international arrest warrants for three senior Syrian intelligence and government officials: Ali Mamlouk, Abdel Salam Mahmoud and Jamil Hassan. The warrants bring charges including collusion in torture, forced disappearances, crimes against humanity and war crimes.

Ali Mamlouk () (born 19 February 1946) is a special security adviser to Syrian president Bashar al-Assad and is one of his trusted men. Mamlouk is also head of the National Security Bureau of the Ba'ath Party.

Ali Mamlouk (en arabe: علي مملوك) (né le à Damas) est un conseiller en sécurité spécial du président syrien Bachar el-Assad et l'un de ses hommes de confiance. Mamlouk est également chef de la sécurité nationale syrienne. Il fait l'objet de sanctions internationales et est sous mandat d'arrêt international dans plusieurs pays.


Early life.

Moll was born in Hohen Schönberg, Germany, on 4 March 1915. He trained as a gardener before joining the SS on 1 May 1935 (serial number 277670).

SS career.

Moll joined the SS-Totenkopfverbände, the SS Death's Head Units responsible for administering the Nazi concentration camps and extermination camps for Nazi Germany. One of his earliest jobs was a "Kommandoführer" in charge of a camp's gardeners' work detail. In May 1941, Otto Moll was transferred from the Sachsenhausen concentration camp to Auschwitz where he was put in charge of digging the mass graves. Over the next three and half years, Moll served in several staff roles at the camp. He soon became the director of employment services at the men's camp in Auschwitz II. In 1944, Moll oversaw all the crematoria in Birkenau. He also was a "Lagerführer" of the Fürstengrube subcamp in Wesola and the Gleiwitz I sub-camp. According to Auschwitz Kommandant Rudolf Höss, he and Moll were both decorated by Adolf Hitler with the War Merit Cross, First Class with Swords. He appears several times in the photo album belonging to Auschwitz commandant Karl-Friedrich Höcker that showed SS camp staff on leave at a retreat.  Moll would say to his personnel: ""Befehl ist Befehl"!" ("An order is an order!") to justify his actions. An attitude that other defendants at the Nuremberg Trials also cited as a defence.

Brutality.

Alter Feinsilber, a member of the Sonderkommando at Birkenau who worked for Moll, said at his war crimes trial:  It happened that some prisoners offered resistance when about to be shot at the pit or that children would cry and then SS Quartermaster Sergeant Moll would throw them alive into the flames of the pit.  Another Sonderkommando prisoner named Henryk Tauber testified:  Hauptscharführer Moll was the most degenerate of the lot. Before his arrival at the camp, he was in charge of the work at the Bunkers, where they incinerated the gassed victims in pits. Then he was transferred for a while to another section. In view of the preparation necessary for the "reception" of convoys from Hungary in 1944, he was put in charge of all the crematoria. It is he who organized the large-scale extermination of the people arriving in these convoys. Just before the arrival of the Hungarian transports, he ordered pits to be dug alongside crematoria V and restarted the activity of Bunker 2, which had been lying idle, and its pits. In the yard of the crematory, there were notices on posts, with inscriptions telling the new arrivals from the transports that they were to go to the camp where work was waiting for them, but that first they had to take a bath and undergo disinfestation. For that, it was necessary for them to undress and put all their valuables in baskets specially placed for this purpose in the yard. Moll repeated the same thing in his speeches to the new arrivals. There were so many convoys that sometimes it happened that the gas chambers were incapable of containing all the new arrivals. The excess people were generally shot, one at a time and often by Moll himself. On several occasions, Moll threw people into the flaming pits alive. He also practised shooting people from a distance. He ill-treated and beat Sonderkommando prisoners, treating them like animals. Those who were in his personal service told us that he used a piece of wire to fish out gold objects from the box containing the jewels taken from new arrivals, and took them off in a briefcase. Among the objects left by the people who came to be gassed, he took furs and different types of food, in particular fat. When he took food, he said smilingly to the SS around him that one had to take advantage before the lean years came. Under his direction, the Sonderkommando was strengthened and increased to about 1000 prisoners.

Arrest and execution.

After Auschwitz-Birkenau was abandoned by the SS on 18 January 1945, Moll was transferred to a sub-camp of Dachau concentration camp. On 28 April 1945, a day before the Dachau camp was liberated by American troops, Moll arrived at the main camp with a group of prisoners he had forced on a death march. The next day he was captured and arrested.  In November 1945, Moll was put on trial by an American Military Tribunal during the Dachau trials. Although the trial heard testimony from victims of The Holocaust about his brutality, Moll was only charged with one count of forcing prisoners on a death march in April 1945.  He found guilty and executed by hanging at Landsberg am Lech prison on 28 May 1946.

Otto Hermann Wilhelm Moll (4 March 1915 – 28 May 1946) was a sadistic SS non-commissioned officer who was executed for atrocities he committed while working at Auschwitz concentration camp during the Second World War. The "SS-Hauptscharführer", who held the rank of Quartermaster Sergeant, is said to have personally killed thousands of innocent victims (over 20 thousand according to some reports) during his time at Birkenau.

Otto Moll né le à Hohenschonberg (Allemagne) mort le à la prison de Landsberg est un sous-officier SS Hauptscharführer affecté entre 1942 et au secteur des krematoriums d'Auschwitz-Birkenau.


Biography.

Wells was born in Salt Lake City on August 11, 1859, a son of Daniel H. Wells and Martha Givens (Harris) Wells. Daniel Wells was a prominent figure in The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints who served as mayor of Salt Lake City. Wells' siblings included Briant H. Wells, a major general in the United States Army. Heber Wells attended the schools of Salt Lake City, graduated from the University of Utah in 1875 and began a career in banking and local government.

Career.

Wells was manager of the Utah Savings & Trust Company and a director of the State Bank of Utah. He was also active in Salt Lake City's civic life, including membership in the Alta Club, Commercial Club, Sons of the American Revolution, and Sons of Utah Pioneers.  After serving as deputy to city recorder and auditor John Thomas Caine, Wells was Salt Lake City's recorder and auditor from 1882 to 1890, In 1887, he was secretary of Utah Territory's constitutional convention. He was elected to terms on the city board of public works in 1890 and 1893, was an unsuccessful candidate for mayor in 1892, and was a delegate to the 1895 convention that created the state constitution which resulted in Utah's admission to the union as the 45th state.

Governor of Utah.

In 1895, Wells defeated Utah Republican Party chairman Charles Crane and former territorial governor Arthur Lloyd Thomas for the Republican nomination for governor. In the general election, he defeated Caine, the Democratic nominee, his former superior in the Salt Lake City recorder's office, and a former territorial Delegate to Congress. Wells won a five-year term, which was created to set up even-numbered year elections every four years beginning in 1900. In 1900 he was reelected to a four-year term, defeating Democrat James Moyle. Having assumed office at age 36, Wells is the youngest person to have served as Utah's governor.  Wells' first term dealt with the formation and organization of the new state government, including courts and executive branch departments. Ongoing concern over the availability of water for both agriculture and an expanding population led in 1897 to the state's first laws concerning irrigation and water rights. Wells was also a supporter of creating the Branch Normal School for training teachers, which later became Southern Utah University. In addition, he backed creation of the first state-sponsored organization for supporting the arts, which eventually became the Utah Arts Council. During his first time, the state also accepted federal land at Fort Douglas as the site for the University of Utah. In 1900, Wells named Emma J. McVicker as the state superintendent of public instruction, making her the first woman to hold a high post in Utah's government.  During his second term, Wells backed creation of the School of Mines at the University of Utah and the State Bureau of Statistics, and supported establishing uniform standards for dairy products and other foods. He also supported implementation of the federal Carey Act, which allowed private companies to create large irrigation systems and profit from the sale of water. Wells ordered 300 members of the Utah National Guard to respond to the 1903-1904 Carbon County Strike, and their protection of replacement workers hired from nearby communities enabled the coal mine owners to break the strike.  Wells intended to campaign for a seat in the United States Senate for the term beginning in 1905, but agreed to defer to U.S. Representative George Sutherland, who was elected. Instead, Wells was persuaded to run for another term as governor in 1904, but he lost the Republican nomination to John Christopher Cutler, who won the general election.

Later career.

After leaving the governorship, Wells returned to his banking interests. From 1913 to 1917 he served as Salt Lake City's Commissioner of Parks and Property. In 1919 he became editor of the "Salt Lake City Herald".  Wells was later assistant treasurer and then treasurer of the United States Shipping Board Merchant Fleet Corporation. He retired in 1933 and returned to Utah, where he was associate editor of the "Deseret Evening News".

Death and burial.

Wells died of a stroke in Salt Lake City on March 12, 1938. He was buried at Salt Lake City Cemetery.

Family.

Wells married Mary Elizabeth Beatie in 1880. She died in 1888 and in 1892 Wells married Teresa Clawson. Teresa died in 1901 and in 1903 Wells married Emily Katz.  Wells was the father of seven children -- Manning, Heber, Mary, Martha, Florence, John, and Burton.

Heber Manning Wells (August 11, 1859March 12, 1938) was an American politician and banker who served as the first Governor of the State of Utah. Utah gained statehood on January 4, 1896; Wells served as governor from January 6, 1896, until January 2, 1905.

Heber Manning Wells (né le, mort le ) est un homme politique américain. Membre du Parti républicain, il est le premier gouverneur de l'État de l'Utah. Il a été élu le, et a été gouverneur entre le et le.


Early life.

Born in Vienna, he joined the Austrian police force in 1930 and became a member of the then-illegal Nazi Party in 1933. After the Anschluß of Austria in 1938, he joined the SS and became a member of the Gestapo. He arrived at Katowice at the outbreak of World War II. He was transferred to Auschwitz concentration camp less than one year later where he became Chief of the "Politische Abteilung" ("camp Gestapo").

Career at Auschwitz.

As Gestapo chief he was responsible, among other things, for the fight against the resistance movement in the camp, as well as for the prevention of escapes and all contact with the outside world. These tasks were carried out with horrendous cruelties against the prisoners and a large number of incarcerations in the bunker in Block 11. Grabner's staff members, such as Wilhelm Boger, who was only brought to justice in the early 1960s, carried out so-called "sharpened interrogations", during which the victims were systematically tortured.  Grabner, together with the commander of the "Schutzhaftlager", initiated, on a regular basis, clearings of the bunker: the inmates were examined and many of them were sent directly to the inner courtyard between Block 10 and Block 11, where they were shot. He once ordered SS-Untersturmführer Hans Stark to drop Zyklon B into a gas chamber. Along with Stark, Grabner personally took part in the shooting of Russian Commissars.

Trial and conviction.

In 1943, he was arrested for theft, graft and corruption and was put on trial in Weimar a year later. After the trial, he returned to Katowice. Grabner was arrested by the Allies in 1945 and turned over to Poland in 1947. In the Auschwitz Trial he was found guilty of charges of murder and crimes against humanity, and was sentenced to death. Grabner was hanged on 28 January 1948.

Maximilian Grabner (2 October 1905 – 28 January 1948) was an Austrian Gestapo chief in Auschwitz. At Auschwitz, the infamous torture chamber Block 11 was Grabner's own empire. He was executed for crimes against humanity.

Maximilian Grabner né le à Vienne, mort le est un officier SS Untersturmführer qui fut le chef de la "Politische abteilung" (Gestapo) d'Auschwitz-Birkenau de 1940 à 1943.


Gameplay.

Unlike the "Die Hard Trilogy," the different sub-games or genres (third-person shooter, light gun shooter and driving) are integrated into "Movie Mode" with the player moving from game to game as they progress rather than selecting a single stand-alone game genre to play through. However, an individual sub-game can still be selected via "Arcade Mode".  The third-person shooter segments feature more advanced enemy AI in comparison to its predecessor with enemies walking patrol paths, actively looking for the player and responding to noises made by the player. Stealth elements are also incorporated into the game. A variety of standard weapons are available along with less traditional weapons such as flamethrower, shock rifle and jackhammer.  In addition to the standard PlayStation controller, the PlayStation Mouse, steering wheels and light guns can be used in the relevant parts of the game.

Plot.

John McClane is living in an apartment in New York City until he receives a phone call from Kenny Sinclair, his best friend in the NYPD, to come to Las Vegas. Kenny was appointed as the new warden of the Mesa Grande Prison and is throwing a party in his honor. McClane accepts the invitation. At the party, McClane gets into a brief conversation about a prisoner named Klaus Von Haug, and meets Reese Hoffman, the owner of the Roaring 20's Casino, and his secretary Elena Goshkin. However, during the party, a prison riot occurs and Von Haug escapes from his prison cell, which meant it was up to McClane to defeat terrorists again.  As the game progresses, it is revealed that Kenny, Reese, and Elena are all in on the terrorist plot in their attempt to control Las Vegas. McClane dispatches them all, with Kenny being saved for last.

Development.

Gary Sheinwald, senior producer for the game, stated in an interview with OPM – UK in regards to the development that "The prime directive for DHT2 was that everything had to be better than Die Hard Trilogy". He mentions that the game engine was state of the art and that hi-res models, bigger levels than the original game and more animations were the major improvements.

Reception.

"Die Hard Trilogy 2: Viva Las Vegas" received "mixed" reviews on both platforms according to the review aggregation website GameRankings.  IGN's Sam Bishop criticized the PlayStation version for failing to perfect any of the three gameplay genres featured, and stated that "there's really nothing to enjoy". He did give credit to the generally solid framerate and decent animations, despite bland textures. Game Revolution described the music as "awful" and criticized the same PS version's camera for allowing the player to see through walls. Additionally, the light-gun segments are noted as being terrible, despite praise received in the original game. Of the driving segments of the same console version, the review states that "whoever designed this part of the game should be sent to prison".  Daniel Erickson reviewed the PlayStation version of the game for "Next Generation", rating it two stars out of five, and stated that "Three bad games don't add up to one good one."

Die Hard Trilogy 2: Viva Las Vegas is a video game developed by n-Space and published by Fox Interactive for Microsoft Windows and PlayStation in 2000. It is a sequel to "Die Hard Trilogy", which was based on the "Die Hard" series of action movies. Like its predecessor, the game features three distinct genres; a third-person shooter, a light gun game, and an action driving game. However, unlike "Die Hard Trilogy", which featured three separate storylines based on the first three "Die Hard" films, "Die Hard Trilogy 2" features a single original storyline that alternates between the three genres throughout the levels.

Comme pour le précédent opus, le jeu se divise en trois genre : tir en vue à la troisième personne, tir par pistolet optique, et jeu de course. Cependant, contrairement à ', qui s'inspirait du scénario des trois premiers films ', "" ne possède qu'un seul scénario séparé par trois genres de jeux distincts. Le jeu suit les aventures de John McClane tentant de déjouer les plans des terroristes à travers les décors de Las Vegas et dans le désert du Nevada.


Plot.

Robin Hood's son (Cornel Wilde) returns to save "Magna Carta", flirt with Lady Catherine (Anita Louise) and protect a boy king.

Production.

Development.

The film is based on a 1941 novel, "Son of Robin Hood" by Paul Castleton. In 1941 it was announced Don "Red" Barry would star in a serial called "The Son of Robin Hood" but it was not made.  Producer Clifford Sanforth claimed he got the idea to make the film when his little son saw "The Adventures of Robin Hood" (1938) asked his father whether Robin Hood had a son. Sanforth tracked down and bought the film rights to the novel. In April 1944 Sanforth announced he would make a series of films about the son of Robin Hood for Republic Pictures starring archer Howard Hill.  In early 1945 the project moved to Columbia Pictures where Sanforth was to produce with Leonard Picker. MGM objected to the title "The Son of Robin Hood" claiming they had the rights to use the words "Robin Hood" as they had bought screen rights to an operetta of that name by Reginald de Koven. This resulted in Columbia deciding to use the title "The Bandit of Sherwood Forest".  The casting of Cornel Wilde and Anita Louise was announced in March 1945 and filming began in April.

Reception.

Critical reception.

"Variety" wrote, "There is considerable ineptness in writing, production and direction but it still stands up as okay escapist film fare for the not-too-critical. There is a concentration of chases and ‘they-went-thata-way’ flavor about the doings that hints at the western feature training of producers and directors. Wilde is properly swashbuckling as the hero, and probably had himself a time enacting the dare-and-do". "The New York Times" wrote, "Cornel Wilde is dashing and flashes a toothsome smile as the virtuous "bandit" of Sherwood and Anita Louise is beautiful, though perhaps a bit more coquettish than a maiden fair should be. All the rest, including Russel Hicks as the elder Robert, pitch into their roles with picturesque extravagance. "The Bandit of Sherwood Forest" is the kind of entertainment that makes one wish one could be a boy again—if only for an hour and a half."

Box office.

The film was a sizable box office hit. It earned over $3 million in the US and was the 14th most popular movie of the year in France in 1948.

Legacy.

The sets built for the film were reused in the Three Stooges shorts "Squareheads of the Round Table", "Fiddlers Three", and "The Hot Scots", and again for the 1948 film "The Prince of Thieves".

The Bandit of Sherwood Forest is a 1946 American Technicolor adventure film directed by Henry Levin & George Sherman and starring Cornel Wilde, Anita Louise, Jill Esmond and Edgar Buchanan.

Le Fils de Robin des Bois ("") est un film américain réalisé par Henry Levin et George Sherman, sorti en 1946.


Plot.

Crysta is taking care of three baby animals and demonstrating greater control over nature. She and Pips begin a small contest over who can grow the more impressive plant, while Pips expresses a desire to see more of the outside world.  Suddenly, Batty Koda arrives in a panic, warning that human poachers are right behind him. These poachers show up with their dogs and capture the three baby animals. The first rescue attempt while still in Ferngully fails, and results in a huge forest fire, destroying a huge part of the forest and scarring Mother Kangaroo. Pips and the Beetle Boys volunteer to follow the humans to town and rescue the babies, convincing the reluctant Batty to be their guide. They arrive at a town amusement park. They are so fascinated by the rides, they are reminded by Batty to resume their mission.  All this time the fairies have been healing the rainforest and Crysta finds and helps one of the poachers' dogs (she called him Boof) abandoned and caught in a trap. She takes him on a journey to the town. Pips and the Beetle Boys meet a girl named Budgie who is hard at practicing for the clown act. Pips flies over to her and introduces himself and his friends. She gives them shelter in her trailer. Batty has located the poachers' place but the others ignore him too fascinated by modern human utilities. Bark and Batty go to make a rescue attempt, but Batty is caught.  Budgie tells Pips that she has been working on her clown act for years, but she has never been all that good. Pips tells her that she is trying too hard, and she should just do it. Back at where the babies are, the animals are very scared and fear they will never get back home. Batty overcomes his terror of the situation and manages to reassure them. Then the poachers take all the cages and load them onto a big truck. At the fair, Budgie goes to a contest stand and wins a stuffed kangaroo, which reminds Pips of the babies he's supposed to be saving. He tells Budgie about them and she offers to help him out.  They all reach the old warehouse. The poachers drive off, and Budgie jumps off a ledge and lands on the truck. They drive past Budgie's grandfather, and he sees that Budgie is hanging on the truck tarp, and he drives after them. Budgie manages to get inside the car and frees all the birds in the cages. The poachers see Budgie trying to get in the car and are enraged seeing all the birds flying away. One of them climbs out of the truck and tries to get Budgie off. She manages to get away from him, but he unlatches the car she's on and sends her rolling backwards on the road. She ends up with one side of the car dangling off a cliff. When she falls, Batty catches her and manages to lift her all by himself up to the top of the cliff (in spite of her being double his size) allowing Budgie's grandfather to catch them in his net and bring them safely to solid ground.  The group then head by clown car to the ship where the animals are being loaded. Pips undoes the conveyor catch so that the catches land in Budgie's grandfather's car. A struggle for the cages ensues between the poachers and Budgie. Boof and Crysta arrive to help. The other dog turns against his former master. The boat gets away and the fairies use their magic to stop it growing a gigantic tree. Nugget almost drowns as he escapes. Budgie and her grandfather adopt Slasher and Boof while all the animals and fairies return home.

Production.

The film was produced by WildBrain and animated by Wang Film Productions in Tapei, Taiwan. None of the original voice cast reprised their roles. All pre-production work, including character design, layout, storyboard, timing, background and color key took place at the WildBrain's facility in San Francisco, while its Los Angeles facility worked on post-production, which included editing, music composition, voice talent casting, sound recording and mixing.  The sequel's release was scheduled for the original film's fifth anniversary in 1997, but it was pushed back to March 17, 1998 to avoid competition with other VHS releases during the Christmas sales, including "Jingle All the Way", "A Christmas Carol", "Annabelle's Wish", and "". It received a direct-to-video release.

Reception.

The film was less critically successful than the original. Mike Boon from the "Calgary Herald" gave a negative review, lamenting the loss of Robin Williams and the originality of the first film.

FernGully 2: The Magical Rescue is a 1998 animated film, a direct-to-video sequel to "" (1992). Produced by Wild Brain, animated by Wang Film Productions and distributed by 20th Century Fox Home Entertainment through the CBS/Fox Video Label. It was directed by Phil Robinson & Dave Marshall and written by Chris Fink and Richard Tulloch. The film features a new cast, including Laura Erlich, Harry Joseph, Gary Martin, Matt K. Miller, Digory Oaks and Westin Peace.

Les Merveilleuses Aventures de Crysta (titre original : "FernGully 2 : the Magical Rescue") est un film d'animation australo-américain réalisé par Phil Robinson sorti directement en vidéo en 1998.


Background.

The motivation to invent quantum tic-tac-toe was to explore what it means to be in two places at once. In classical physics, a single object cannot be in two places at once. In quantum physics, however, the mathematics used to describe quantum systems seems to imply that before being subjected to quantum measurement (or "observed") certain quantum particles can be in multiple places at once. (The textbook example of this is the double-slit experiment.) How the universe can be like this is rather counterintuitive. There is a disconnect between the mathematics and our mental images of reality, a disconnect that is absent in classical physics. This is why quantum mechanics supports multiple "interpretations".  The researchers who invented quantum tic-tac-toe were studying abstract quantum systems, formal systems whose axiomatic foundation included only a few of the axioms of quantum mechanics. Quantum tic-tac-toe became the most thoroughly studied abstract quantum system and offered insights that spawned new research. It also turned out to be a fun and engaging game, a game which also provides good pedagogy in the classroom.  The rules of quantum tic-tac-toe attempt to capture three phenomena of quantum systems:

Gameplay.

Quantum tic-tac-toe captures the three quantum phenomena discussed above by modifying one basic rule of classical tic-tac-toe: the number of marks allowed in each square. Additional rules specify when and how a set of marks "collapses" into classical moves.  On each move, the current player marks two squares with their letter (X or O), instead of one, and each letter (X or O) is subscripted with the number of the move (beginning counting with 1). The pair of marks are called "spooky marks". (Because X always moves first, the subscripts on X are always odd and the subscripts on O are always even.)  For example, player 1's first move might be to place "X" in both the upper left and lower right squares. The two squares thus marked are called "entangled". During the game, there may be as many as eight spooky marks in a single square (if the square is entangled with all eight other squares).  The phenomenon of collapse is captured by specifying that a "cyclic entanglement" causes a "measurement". A "cyclic entanglement" is a cycle in the entanglement graph; for example, if then these three squares form a cyclic entanglement. At the end of the turn on which the cyclic entanglement was created, the player whose turn it is "not" — that is, the player who did not create the cycle — chooses one of two ways to "measure" the cycle and thus cause all the entangled squares to "collapse" into classical tic-tac-toe moves. In the preceding example, since player 2 created the cycle, player 1 decides how to "measure" it. Player 1's two options are:  Any other chains of entanglements hanging off the cycle would also collapse at this time; for example, if square 1 were also entangled via O with square 5, then either measurement above would force O to collapse into square 5. (Note that it is impossible for two or more cyclic entanglements to be created in a single turn.)  When a move collapses into a single square, that square is permanently marked (in larger print) with the letter and subscript of the collapsed move — a "classical mark". A square containing a classical mark is fixed for the rest of the game; no more spooky marks may be placed in it.  The first player to achieve a tic-tac-toe (three in a row horizontally, vertically, or diagonally) consisting entirely of "classical marks" is declared the winner. Since it is possible for a single measurement to collapse the entire board and give classical tic-tac-toes to both players simultaneously, the rules declare that the player whose tic-tac-toe has the "lower maximum subscript" earns one point, and the player whose tic-tac-toe has the "higher maximum subscript" earns only one-half point.

Quantum tic-tac-toe is a "quantum generalization" of tic-tac-toe in which the players' moves are "superpositions" of plays in the classical game. The game was invented by Allan Goff of Novatia Labs, who describes it as "a way of introducing quantum physics without mathematics", and offering "a conceptual foundation for understanding the meaning of quantum mechanics".

Le tic-tac-toe quantique est une « généralisation quantique » du jeu tic-tac-toe, au cours duquel les coups des joueurs sont des « superpositions » de coups du jeu classique. Le jeu a été inventé par Allan Goff et Novatia Labs. Selon l’auteur, le jeu permet d’introduire la notion de mécanique quantique sans la nécessité d’utiliser des outils mathématiques complexes.


Initial work.

The East River Tunnel Railroad Company was founded on February 22, 1885, to construct a railroad tunnel crossing the East River. Its objective was to connect the Long Island Rail Road (LIRR)'s tracks in Long Island City and the New York Central & Hudson River Railroad's tracks in the City of New York in the same tunnel. At that time period, movement through the New York metropolitan area was hampered by many large bodies of water such as the East River; there were no crossings across these water bodies, except for ferry service, which was not always possible or practical. In addition, plans to build the Blackwell's Island Bridge (later the Queensboro Bridge) were stagnant at the time. The East River Tunnel Railroad Company soon dissolved, and on July 22, 1887, Walter S. Gurnee and Malcolm W. Niven founded the New York and Long Island Railroad Company (NY&LIRR), which began planning for the tunnel shortly afterward.  The tunnel was to begin on the New York side near the Hudson River docks in Manhattan, from there it would go east along 42nd Street to Grand Central and carry straight on under the East River. In Long Island City, the tunnel portals were to be between 5th Street (now 49th Avenue) and 4th Street (now 50th Avenue). It would go under Jackson Avenue and finally Thomson Avenue, intersecting LIRR tracks at Hunterspoint Avenue. The total cost of the tunnel was to be US$11.7 million. The estimated total cost exceeded the financial capabilities of the company by far. In July 1891, piano maker William Steinway, a major landowner in Astoria, Queens, started to fund the tunnel. He became a major shareholder and became the new chairman of the company, so the tunnel was named after him. Steinway advised the company to utilize electricity to power the tunnel, believing that the construction of the tunnel would increase real-estate values within the vicinity.  The route was finalized in the City of New York in 1890 and in Long Island City by 1891. Construction was started on June 7, 1892, as a NY&LIRR project, and the bottom of the tunnel shaft was reached in December of the same year. However, soon after the start of construction, there were many complications. The project was difficult due to complex geological formations beneath the river, and there were frequent blowouts and floods. Construction was curtailed following an accident on December 28, 1892, during an attempt to heat frozen dynamite from an shaft at the corner of Vernon Boulevard, Jackson Avenue and 50th Avenue. An uncontrolled explosion killed five and injured fifty, and heavily damaged numerous surrounding houses. Due to high compensation claims, the company was financially ruined, and attempts to raise additional funds failed because of the stock market crash of 1893. Work was stopped as a result, and it was boarded up. Investors refused to fund the tunnel because they feared that it was unsafe. Attempts to resume construction were occasionally made until Steinway died in 1896.

The Belmont era.

In 1899, the Interborough Rapid Transit Company (IRT), headed by August Belmont Jr., was awarded the contract for construction and operation of the city's subway line and a takeover of Manhattan's elevated railways, thus gaining a monopoly on the city's rapid transit services. In February 1902, the IRT bought the New York & Long Island Railroad and tram operators New York and Queens County Railway for a similar monopoly in Queens.  The IRT prepared surveys and plans from scratch. For the proposed tram service under the East River, the plans for the tunnel were modified for dedicated tram operation. The tunnel's trackbed was raised, the gradient increased, and the route shortened. The tunnel was to turn at a loop at the corner of 42nd Street and Park Avenue in Manhattan and go as far as Vernon Boulevard in Queens. There, the tram of the New York and Queens County Railway was to be connected via a ramp. These three underground stations were Lexington Avenue in Manhattan and Jackson Avenue and Van Alst Avenue in Queens. The total cost amounted to $8 million. The city objected to the tunnel project multiple times and after several disasters nearly stopped it.  The westernmost of the four shafts for the tunnel was in Manhattan and was numbered #1, while the easternmost shaft, in Queens, was numbered #4. Construction began on July 14, 1905, when shaft #4 was sunk; shaft #2 on the opposite shore was sunk by September 1. Shaft #3 was sunk in the Man-O-War Reef, a granite outcrop in the East River that was expanded and renamed Belmont Island. Four workers were killed in a 1906 shaft accident under Belmont Island. The tunnel was holed through on May 16, 1907, and was completed in September of that year, after 26 months of construction. Buildings for the tunnel's construction had been erected on Belmont Island; these stayed up until at least 1918.  Fifty tramcars were made available for operation through the tunnel. They possessed a -long and -wide all-steel superstructure with double-sided semi-open entrances at the ends. Power was drawn from an iron rail on the ceiling, to which the car roof's -high pantograph would attach. The cars were also fitted with rod pantographs for street operation.  The first trolley trip in the Steinway Tunnel was scheduled for September 20, 1907, but was postponed due to a power failure. Shortly afterward, trolley cars ran through the tunnel as part of a demonstration run. On September 29, 1907, a short circuit on the overhead wires caused a small fire, and the tunnel was shut down. Belmont did not have a franchise to operate a transit line. The concession to operate the tunnel had expired on January 1, 1907, and the city of New York was unwilling to renew the contract. The city did not tolerate privately operated subways and legally prevented the IRT from operating the tunnel with the trams. For the next five years, the tunnel, with trolley loops on both the Manhattan and Queens sides, remained inoperative. In 1913, Belmont sold the tunnel to the city government after the IRT had signed the Dual Contracts, which included the Steinway Tunnel as part of the new Flushing subway line.

Subway operation.

Initially, the IRT intended to use the tunnel for trolleys; however, it subsequently decided instead to use the tubes for a heavy-rail rapid transit line. After the IRT measured the tubes, the company found that third rail installation could be possible with small modifications. Regular subway cars could not use the loops and the ramp because of the tight radius of the loops and the steep 6% incline. The roadbed and the rail were determined to be usable for subway service, but even so, the duct banks in the tunnel were replaced. The platforms could be easily extended, and it was also found that the tunnel's width corresponded to the width specifications of the existing IRT subway's car fleet.  Work began in 1913, and the tubes were modified to accommodate IRT subway cars in 1914. The work included removing part of the tunnel walls on the Manhattan side and building a cavern to create a track crossover between the tubes. The first IRT Steinway test train between Grand Central and Vernon Avenue (today's Vernon Boulevard–Jackson Avenue station) ran June 13, 1915, with a regularly scheduled shuttle service beginning June 22. The planned metro route was to go from Times Square through the tunnel over to Long Island City and from there continue towards Flushing. The IRT was to operate this line, with the trackage east of Queensboro Plaza to be shared by the Brooklyn Rapid Transit Company (later the Brooklyn–Manhattan Transit Corporation, or BMT).  Meanwhile, the construction work continued on the planned route. To the east of the tunnel, the Hunters Point Avenue subway station went up to the level of the Hunterspoint Avenue LIRR station. Immediately east of it was a ramp up to the elevated subway towards Queensboro Plaza. Hunters Point Avenue opened on February 15, 1916, and on November 5 of the same year, it was extended to Queensboro Plaza. Because the line did not have track connections to the rest of the IRT network, a provisional maintenance workshop was operated at the tunnel ramp until 1928. To the west, construction began in 1922. The tunnel was extended to Fifth Avenue on March 23, 1926, and Times Square on March 14, 1927. When Belmont modified the IRT Flushing Line to extend to Times Square and to Flushing, it was found that the loops could not be used for the extensions. The loops on the Queens side of the tunnel were obliterated in the wake of new construction. The loop on the Manhattan side, however, is intact and occupied by maintenance rooms, although the ceiling third rail still exists in the loop. The line from Times Square to Flushing was completed in 1928, when the station at Flushing opened.  Since the tunnel ramps towards Queens were significantly steeper than normal IRT specifications, with a gradient of 4%, special rolling stock had to be procured for the Steinway Tunnel line. The "Steinway"-type subway car had the same dimensions as an ordinary subway cars of the IRT, but included modified gear boxes. Initially, twelve single-car consists were approved for the original shuttle. Because of additional construction to the route, another 126 cars were added to the fleet. The 50 "World's Fair"-type cars, used for the 1939 New York World's Fair, used the same type of gear boxes. With the 1948 introduction of four-motor subway cars of types R12 and R14, the need for a special drive was gone, as the Steinway Tunnel could now be driven by conventional railcars. In 1949, BMT services stopped operating on the Flushing Line east of Queensboro Plaza, and the IRT was assigned exclusive operation of the line.  In subsequent years, the tubes of the Steinway Tunnel were difficult to maintain: they were prone to flooding, and the tube walls were much narrower than other tunnels in the subway system, with almost no clearance on each side of the train. After a train got stuck in the tunnel in 1971, a passenger died of a heart attack. A fire broke out on a train in the tunnel in 1973, killing one passenger and trapping over a thousand in the middle of the tunnel, after the collapse of an archway. In 1991, the tubes were flooded to after a water main broke on the Manhattan side. The next year, an electrical fire in the tunnel melted several feet of iron track, although the tunnel's exhaust fans were working properly. After Hurricane Sandy-related storm surges flooded the tunnel in 2012, the tubes were rebuilt in a $29 million project that took place between 2013 and April 2016. To protect the tunnel from future flooding, two retaining walls will be installed on either side of the tunnel portal in Queens, and flex gates would be installed to prevent water from entering the tunnel. The project is estimated to cost $15 million, and work will begin in May 2021.

The Steinway Tunnel is a pair of tubes carrying the IRT Flushing Line () of the New York City Subway under the East River between 42nd Street in Manhattan and 51st Avenue in Long Island City, Queens, in New York City. It was originally designed and built as an interurban trolley tunnel (with a narrow loading gauge and height), with stations near the current Hunters Point Avenue and Grand Central stations.

Le Steinway Tunnel est un tunnel ferroviaire souterrain du métro de New York situé sur l'IRT Flushing Line. Il est emprunté par les métros 7 et <7>, et relie les arrondissements de Manhattan (au niveau de la 42e rue) et du Queens en passant sous l'East River entre les stations de Grand Central – 42nd Street et Hunters Point Avenue. Il fut initialement construit pour un tramway, ce qui explique son petit gabarit et sa hauteur limitée.


College career.

Iverson, a 7'0" center, attended Yankton High School in Yankton, South Dakota and originally chose to play basketball at the University of Minnesota for coach Tubby Smith. At Minnesota, Iverson served as a key role player, averaging 5.3 points and 4.3 rebounds per game.  Following his junior year in 2010–11 and seeking more playing time, Iverson decided to transfer to another program for his final season of eligibility, ultimately deciding on Colorado State. At CSU, Iverson became the focal point of the offense, leading the team in scoring (14.2 points per game) and rebounding (9.8 per game). At the close of the season, Iverson was named first team All-Mountain West and an honorable mention All-American by the Associated Press.

Professional career.

2013–14 season.

On June 27, 2013, Iverson was selected with the 53rd overall pick in the 2013 NBA draft by the Indiana Pacers. He was later traded to the Boston Celtics on draft night. In July 2013, he joined the Celtics for the 2013 NBA Summer League.  On August 2, 2013, he signed a one-year deal with Beşiktaş Integral Forex of the Turkish Basketball League.

2014–15 season.

In July 2014, Iverson re-joined the Boston Celtics for the 2014 NBA Summer League. On August 12, 2014, he signed a one-year deal with an option for a second-year deal with Laboral Kutxa Baskonia of Spain. In his first year in the Liga Endesa, he became the MVP of the week in the round 17, after performing 14 points and 15 rebounds against Rio Natura Monbus Obradoiro.

2015–16 season.

On July 17, 2015, Laboral Kutxa Baskonia used the option on his contract to keep him for the 2015–16 season. However, on August 14, he signed with Pınar Karşıyaka of Turkey and Baskonia took legal action against him.  On August 25, 2016, the Celtics renounced their rights to Iverson, leaving him available to join another NBA team.

2016–17 season.

On September 8, 2016, Iverson signed a one-year contract with Israeli club Maccabi Tel Aviv. Iverson helped Maccabi to win the 2017 Israeli State Cup.

2017–18 season.

On January 24, 2018, Iverson returned to Spain for a second stint, signing with MoraBanc Andorra for the rest of the season.

2018–19 season.

On July 16, 2018, Iverson signed with Iberostar Tenerife for the 2018–19 season.

2019–20 season.

On July 11, 2019, Iverson agreed to terms with Zenit Saint Petersburg for the 2019–20 season. He will compete in the EuroLeague and the Russian VTB United League.

Colton Iverson (born June 29, 1989) is an American professional basketball player for Zenit Saint Petersburg of the VTB United League and the EuroLeague. He played college basketball for the University of Minnesota and Colorado State.

Colton Iverson, né le à Aberdeen dans le Dakota du Sud est un joueur américain de basket-ball. Il évolue au poste de pivot.


Variations by area.

Asia.

Central Asia.

In the cuisines of many Iranian, Baloch, and Turkic peoples (e.g. in Azerbaijani, Afghan, Tatar, Tajik, Uzbek, and other Central Asian cuisines), a type of strained yogurt called "chak(k)a" or "suzma" is consumed. It is obtained by draining qatiq, a local yogurt variety. By further drying it, one obtains qurut, a kind of dry fresh cheese. Strained yogurt in Balochistan is called "sheelanch" and is used for making dips served with dates, or served as a side dish.

Middle East.

Strained yogurt is known as "labneh" ("labna", "labni", "lebni", or "labani"; Arabic: لبنة) in the Levant, Egypt, and the Arabian Peninsula. Besides being used fresh, labneh is also dried then formed into balls, sometimes covered with herbs or spices, and stored under olive oil. Labneh is a popular mezze dish and sandwich ingredient. A common sandwich in the Middle East is one of labneh, mint, thyme, and olive on pita bread. The flavour depends largely on the sort of milk used: labneh from cow's milk has a rather mild flavour. Also the quality of olive oil topping influences the taste of labneh. Milk from camels and other animals is used in labneh production in Saudi Arabia and other Gulf countries.  In Iraq, Jordan, Palestine, Lebanon, Israel, Egypt, and Syria, labneh is made by straining the liquid out of yogurt until it takes on a consistency similar to a soft cheese. It tastes like tart sour cream or heavy strained yogurt and is a common breakfast dip. It is usually eaten in a fashion similar to hummus, spread on a plate and drizzled with olive oil and often, dried mint. It is also often paired as a dip with the mixed herb blend za'atar.  Bedouin also produce a dry, hard labneh ("labaneh malboudeh", similar to Central Asian qurut) that can be stored. Strained labneh is pressed in cheese cloth between two heavy stones and later sun dried. This dry labneh is often eaten with khubz (Arabic bread), in which both khubz and labneh are mixed with water, animal fat, and salt, and rolled into balls.  Labneh is the main ingredient in jameed, which is in turn used in mansaf, the national dish of Jordan.  "Labaneh bil zayit", "labaneh in oil", consists of small balls of dry labneh kept under oil, where it can be preserved for over a year. As it ages it turns more sour.  In Egypt, it is eaten with savoury accompaniments such as olives and oil, and also with a sweetener such as honey, as a snack or breakfast food. Areesh cheese (or arish, ) is a type of cheese that originated in Egypt. Shanklish, a fermented cheese, is made from areesh cheese. Arish cheese is made from yogurt heated slowly until it curdles and separates, then placed in cheesecloth to drain. It is similar in taste to ricotta. The protein content of Areesh cheese is 17.6%.

Iran.

Strained yogurt in Iran is called "mâst chekide" and is usually used for making dips, or served as a side dish. In Northern Iran, "mâst chekide" is a variety of kefir with a distinct sour taste. It is usually mixed with fresh herbs in a pesto-like purée called delal. Yogurt is a side dish to all Iranian meals. Strained yogurt is used as dips and various appetizers with multitudes of ingredients: cucumbers, onions, shallots, fresh herbs (dill, spearmint, parsley, cilantro), spinach, walnuts, zereshk, garlic, etc. The most popular appetizers are spinach or eggplant borani, ‘’Mâst-o-Khiâr’’ with cucumber, spring onions and herbs, or ‘’Mâst-Musir’’ with wild shallots.

Turkey.

In Turkey, strained yogurt is known as "süzme yoğurt" ("strained yogurt") or "kese yoğurdu" ("bag yogurt"). Water is sometimes added to it in the preparation of cacık, when this is not eaten as a meze but consumed as a beverage. Strained yogurt is used in Turkish mezzes and dips such as haydari.  In Turkish markets, labne is also a popular dairy product but it is different from strained yogurt; it is yogurt-based creamy cheese without salt, and is used like mascarpone.

Armenia.

In Armenia, strained yogurt is called "kamats matzoon". Traditionally, it was produced for long-term preservation by draining matzoon in cloth sacks.

Indian subcontinent.

In the Indian subcontinent, regular unstrained yogurt ("curd"), made from cow or water buffalo milk, is often sold in disposable clay bowls called kulhar. Kept for a couple of hours in its clay pot, some of the water evaporates through the unglazed clay's pores. It also cools the curd due to evaporation.  But true strained yogurt, "chakka", is made by draining the yogurt in a (preferably muslin) cloth. Shrikhand is a dish made with chakka, sugar, saffron, cardamom, pureed or diced fruit and nuts mixed in; it is often eaten with poori. It is particularly popular in the states of Gujarat and Maharashtra, where dairy producers market shrikhand in containers.  "Chakka" is also eaten in Pashtun-dominated regions of Pakistan and Afghanistan with rice and meat dishes.

Europe.

Eastern Europe.

Albania.

In Albania, strained yogurt is called "salcë kosi". After preparing yogurt from micro-cultured milk, it is drained in a cloth sack from few hours, to overnight. The water released from this process is called "hirrë" and can be used to preserve cheese or as a drink. Meanwhile, the strained yogurt is used in many variation in the Albanian cuisine and is eaten either plain or with added elements such as dill, garlic, cucumber, nuts or olive oil.

Bulgaria.

In Bulgaria, where yogurt is considered to be an integral part of the national cuisine, strained yogurt is called "tsedeno kiselo mlyako" (), and is used in a variety of salads and dressings. Another similar product is "katak" (), which is often made from sheep or goat milk.

Serbia, Bosnia and Herzegovina, North Macedonia and Croatia.

A variety of strained yogurt called "basa" is a traditional variety of cheese from the region of Lika in Croatia.  In Serbia and North Macedonia, it is also known as kiselo mleko (кисело млеко). In southern Serbia, fermented with peppers, it is known as vurda.

Southern Europe.

Cyprus.

As in Greece, strained yogurt is widely used in Cypriot cuisine both as an ingredient in recipes as well as on its own or as a supplement to a dish. In Cyprus, strained yogurt is usually made from sheep's milk.

Greece.

Strained yogurt () is used in Greek food mostly as the base for tzatziki dip and as a dessert, with honey, sour cherry syrup, or spoon sweets often served on top. A few savoury Greek dishes use strained yogurt. In Greece, strained yogurt, like yogurt in general, is traditionally made from sheep milk. Fage International S.A. began straining cow milk yogurt for industrial production in Greece in 1975, which is when it launched its brand "Total".

Rest of Europe.

Denmark.

A type of strained yogurt named ymer is available. In contrast to the Greek and Turkish variety, only a minor amount of whey is drained off in the production process. Ymer is traditionally consumed with the addition of "ymerdrys" (lit.: ymer-sprinkle), a mixture of roasted bread crumbs of "rugbrød" rye bread mixed with brown sugar. Like other types of soured dairy products, ymer is often consumed at breakfast. Strained yogurt topped with muesli and maple syrup is often served at brunch in cafés in Denmark.

Netherlands.

Strained yogurt is known as "hangop", literally meaning 'hang up'. It is a traditional dessert. "Hangop" may also be made using buttermilk.

United Kingdom.

In March 2020, it was reported that strained yogurt makes up 28% of the value of the "natural yogurt" category in the UK. In the UK, strained yogurt can only be marketed as "Greek" if made in Greece. Strained cow-milk yogurt not made in Greece is typically sold as "Greek style" or "Greek recipe" for marketing reasons, typically at lower prices than yogurt made in Greece. Among "Greek style" yogurts, there is no distinction between those thickened by straining and those thickened through additives.  In September 2012, Chobani UK began to sell yogurt made in the United States as "Greek yogurt". FAGE, a company that manufactures yogurt in Greece and sells it in the UK, filed a passing-off claim against Chobani in the UK High Court, claiming that UK consumers understood "Greek" to refer to the country of origin (similar to "Belgian beer"); Chobani's position was that consumers understood "Greek" to refer to a preparation (similar to "French toast"). Both companies relied on surveys to prove their point; FAGE also relied on the previous industry practice of UK yogurt makers not to label their yogurt as "Greek yogurt". Ultimately Mr Justice Briggs found in favor of FAGE and granted an injunction preventing Chobani from using the name "Greek yogurt". In February 2014, this decision was upheld on appeal. Greece may now seek to protect the marketing term, "Greek yogurt", across the entire EU under protected designation of origin rules.  In May 2020, British dairy company Yeo Valley entered the market with an organic product called "Super Thick Kerned Yogurt. The "kerned yogurt" label was the first of its kind, coined in reference to an archaic Somerset term meaning "thickened", which is predominantly used in relation to dairy products.  A product called "Lindahls Kvarg" was launched by Nestlé in 2018, and described as "Sweden’s No. 1 Quark". Quark is a type of high-protein strained curd cheese widely used in Swedish cooking. The company Bio-tiful launched its kefir-quark blend, containing live cultures and protein.  Since 2015, Arla has sold its own skyr product marketed as "Icelandic style yogurt".

North America.

Strained yogurt (often marketed as "Greek yogurt") has become popular in the United States and Canada, where it is often used as a lower-calorie substitute for sour cream or crème fraîche. Celebrity chef Graham Kerr became an early adopter of strained yogurt as an ingredient, frequently featuring it (and demonstrating how to strain plain yogurt through a coffee filter) on his eponymous 1990 cooking show, as frequently as he had featured clarified butter on "The Galloping Gourmet" in the late 1960s. In 2015, food market research firm Packaged Facts reported that Greek yogurt has a 50 percent share of the yogurt market in the United States.  "Greek yogurt" brands in North America include Chobani, Dannon Oikos, FAGE, Olympus, Stonyfield organic Oikos, Yoplait, Cabot Creamery and Voskos. FAGE began importing its Greek products in 1998 and opened a domestic production plant in Johnstown, New York, in 2008. Chobani, based in New Berlin, New York, began marketing its Greek-style yogurt in 2007. The Voskos brand entered the US market in 2009 with imported Greek yogurt products at 10%, 2%, and 0% milkfat. Stonyfield Farms, owned by Groupe Danone, introduced Oikos Organic Greek Yogurt in 2007; Danone began marketing a non-organic Dannon Oikos Greek Yogurt in 2011 and also produced a now discontinued blended Greek-style yogurt under the Activia Selects brand; Dannon Light & Fit Greek nonfat yogurt was introduced in 2012 and boasts being the lightest Greek yogurt with fruit, and Activia Greek yogurt was re-introduced in 2013. General Mills introduced a Greek-style yogurt under the Yoplait brand name in early 2010, which was discontinued and replaced by Yoplait Greek 100 in August 2012. Activia Greek yogurt was re-introduced in 2013, and in July 2012 took over US distribution and sales of Canadian Liberté's Greek brands. In Canada, Yoplait was launched in January 2013, and is packaged with toppings.

Mexico.

Strained yogurt is called "jocoque seco" in Mexico. It was popularised by local producers of Lebanese origin and is widely popular in the country.

Production.

The characteristic thick texture and high protein content are achieved through either or both of two processing steps. The milk may be concentrated by ultrafiltration to remove a portion of the water before addition of yogurt cultures. Alternatively, after culturing, the yogurt may be centrifuged or membrane-filtered to remove whey, in a process analogous to the traditional straining step. Brands described as "strained" yogurt, including Activia Greek, Chobani, Dannon Light & Fit Greek, Dannon Oikos, FAGE, Stonyfield Organic Oikos, Trader Joe's, and Yoplait have undergone the second process. Process details are highly guarded trade secrets. Other brands of Greek-style yogurt, including Yoplait and some store brands, are made by adding milk protein concentrate and thickeners to standard yogurt to boost the protein content and modify the texture.  The liquid resulting from straining yogurt is called "acid whey" and is composed of water, yogurt cultures, protein, a slight amount of lactose, and lactic acid. It is costly to dispose of. Farmers have used the whey to mix with animal feed and fertilizer. Using anaerobic digesters, it can be a source of methane that can be used to produce electricity.

Nutrition.

Strained yogurt is a good source of protein, calcium, iodine, and vitamin B12. Strained yogurt includes additional steps compared to conventional yogurt, where fermented milk is strained after coagulation to remove liquid whey and lactose, yielding higher protein content. Strained yogurt is required to have at least 5.6% protein content, relative to the 2.7% for unstrained yogurt. Strained yogurt has less sugar content than other yogurts.

Vitamins.

Yogurt is a rich source of dietary minerals, with calcium, magnesium, potassium, phosphorus, and zinc higher in content than in milk. One negative aspect of strained yogurt is that there is greater vitamin loss through the straining process than the typical yogurt. Particularly the water-soluble vitamins: vitamin C, thiamin, riboflavin, niacin, pantothenic acid, biotin, folic acid, and vitamin B12 as well as vitamin A in its beta-carotene form can be lost through the straining of liquid whey from yogurt.

Macronutrients.

There are no standard regulations in the market to monitor or control the composition of concentrated yogurts. Carbohydrate, fat and protein contents in strained yogurts varied from 1–12, 0–20, and 3.3–11 grams per 100 grams, respectively. Concentrated yogurts contain higher final total solid content than regular yogurts, possibly prolonging shelf life compared to regular yogurts.

Strained yogurt, Greek yogurt, yogurt cheese, sack yoghurt, or kerned yogurt is yogurt that has been strained to remove most of its whey, resulting in a thicker consistency than unstrained yogurt, while preserving yogurt's distinctive sour taste. Like many types of yogurt, strained yogurt is often made from milk that has been enriched by boiling off some of its water content, or by adding extra butterfat and powdered milk. In Europe and North America, it is often made from low-fat or fat-free milk. In Iceland, a similar product named skyr is made.

Le lebné, labné, labna, voire lebni (, en arménien : լեբնի, en turc : süzme) est un lait fermenté concentré traditionnel issu du rayeb égoutté, qui est originaire des montagnes de la Syrie, un plat typique de la cuisine syrienne et libanaise surtout dans la ville de Chtaura dans la plaine de la Békaa, et palestinienne. Ce plat est très commun dans les autres pays du Levant.