Munster.

Cronin made his debut for Munster A on 8 December 2012, starting against Rotherham Titans in the British and Irish Cup. Whilst in year two of the Munster Academy, he was promoted to a development contract with the senior Munster squad for the 2013–14 season. Cronin made his debut for the senior Munster team on 13 April 2013, coming on as a replacement against Leinster in a Pro12 fixture. He won the John McCarthy Award for Munster Academy Player of the Year for the 2012–13 season on 10 May 2013.  Cronin scored his first try for Munster against Edinburgh on 7 September 2013, in a game that was also his first start. He came off the bench in Munster's opening 2013–14 Heineken Cup fixture against Edinburgh on 12 October 2013. He was a replacement in the Round 2 win against Gloucester on 19 October 2013. Cronin was a replacement again in the Round 3 game against Perpignan on 8 December 2013. He made his first Heineken Cup start on 14 December 2013, against Perpignan in Round 4. Cronin signed a new two-year contract with Munster in January 2014. He came off the bench against Gloucester on 11 January 2014 during the 7–20 Munster win that secured quarter-final qualification. Cronin came off the bench against Edinburgh in the Round 6 38–6 win on 19 January 2014 that secured a home quarter-final. He came off the bench in Munster's 24–16 semi-final defeat to Toulon on 27 April 2014.  Cronin scored a try against Leinster in Munster's 23–34 win on 4 October 2014. Cronin came on in Munster's first European Rugby Champions Cup game against Sale Sharks on 18 October 2014. He started against Saracens in Round 2 of the Champions Cup on 24 October 2014. Cronin was ruled out for at least 6 weeks with an ankle injury sustained during the Saracens game. He came off the bench against Clermont Auvergne on 6 December 2014. Cronin started against Saracens on 17 January 2015. He started the final pool game against Sale Sharks on 25 January 2015.  He came off the bench in Munster's opening 2015–16 European Rugby Champions Cup pool game against Benetton on 14 November 2015. Cronin started against Leicester Tigers on 12 December 2015. In January 2016, Cronin signed a three-year contract extension with Munster, which will see him remain with the province until at least June 2019. In October 2016, Cronin was banned for 4 weeks after being found guilty of stamping on the head of an opponent during Munster's game against Leinster on 8 October. On 23 January 2017, Cronin was ruled out for 6–8 weeks following surgery on a thumb injury sustained in Munster's win against Racing 92 on 21 January. Cronin won his 100th cap for Munster during their 24–24 draw with Ulster in round 21 of the 2017–18 Pro14 season on 28 April 2018, a fixture in which he won the Man-of-the-Match award.  He signed a two-year contract extension with Munster in October 2018, a deal that will see him remain with the province until at least June 2021. Cronin made his return from injury for Munster in their opening 39–9 victory against Welsh side Dragons in the 2019–20 Pro14 on 28 September 2019, his first competitive appearance since November 2018.  Cronin was given a one-month ban in April 2020 due to an unintentional doping violation. He had been unwell in the buildup to Munster's 2019–20 Champions Cup round 2 match against Racing 92 on 23 November 2019, and had been prescribed antibiotics by Munster's team doctor. However, when Cronin collected the prescription, he was mistakenly given the prescription for a different person with the same name by the pharmacy. When selected for an in-competition anti-doping test following the match, Cronin tested positive for two banned substances: prednisolone and prednisone, neither of which Cronin had a therapeutic use exemption for. Though the independent judicial officer found that there "was no significant fault on behalf of the player, and that there were clear and compelling mitigating factors", it was determined that Cronin bore some responsibility for his failed test.

Ireland.

Cronin was named in the Ireland squad for their 2014 Tour to Argentina on 19 May 2014. He came off the bench in the second test against Argentina on 14 June 2014 to make his Ireland debut. Ireland won the game 23–17. He was named in the Ireland squad for the 2014 November Tests on 21 October 2014.  Cronin was named in the Ireland squad for the opening rounds of the 2015 Six Nations Championship on 1 February 2015. He came off the bench against Italy on 7 February 2015. Cronin suffered a knee injury during the game which required a minor surgical procedure. He was named in the Emerging Ireland squad for the 2015 World Rugby Tbilisi Cup on 19 May 2015. Cronin started in the 33–7 win against Uruguay on 17 June 2015. He also started in the 45–12 win against Georgia on 21 June 2015, a win which secured the tournament for Emerging Ireland.  On 20 January 2016, Cronin was named in Ireland's 35-man squad for the 2016 Six Nations Championship. On 13 February 2016, Cronin came off the bench against France in Ireland's second game of the Six Nations.

James Cronin (born 23 November 1990) is an Irish rugby union player for Munster in the Pro14 and European Rugby Champions Cup. He plays as a prop and represents Dolphin in the All-Ireland League.

James Cronin, né le à Ballincollig, est un joueur de rugby à XV irlandais. Il évolue au poste de pilier et joue pour le Munster en Pro12 depuis 2012. Il est également international avec l'équipe d'Irlande.


Background and education.

Shaw-Lefevre was the son of Charles Shaw-Lefevre by his wife Helena, daughter of John Lefevre. His younger brother, Sir John Shaw-Lefevre, was a senior civil servant and one of the founders of the University of London, while his nephew, George, was a Liberal politician. He was educated at Winchester and Trinity College, Cambridge. In 1819 he was called to the Bar, Lincoln's Inn.

Political career.

Shaw-Lefevre was the son-in-law of the sister of Lord Grey, the Whig Prime Minister, which advanced his career greatly. A Whig, he was Member of Parliament for Downton from 1830 to 1831, for Hampshire from 1831 to 1832 and for North Hampshire from 1832 to 1857. During the 1830s he was chairman of a committee on petitions for private bills and of a committee on agricultural distress. His report from the latter position was not accepted by the House of Commons but was published as a pamphlet addressed to his constituents. He acquired, says the "Encyclopædia Britannica", "a high reputation in the House of Commons for his judicial fairness, combined with singular tact and courtesy." When James Abercromby retired as Speaker of the House of Commons in 1839, Shaw-Lefevre was put forward as the Whig candidate and defeated the Tory candidate Henry Goulburn by 317 votes to 299. He was sworn of the Privy Council at the same time.  Shaw-Lefevre remained speaker until 1857, by which time he was second-longest-serving speaker ever, after Arthur Onslow, who held the post for more than 33 years. On his retirement in 1857 he was elevated to the peerage as Viscount Eversley, of Heckfield in the County of Southampton. He attended the House of Lords infrequently, with his last recorded speech in July 1873.

Other work.

Shaw-Lefevre was director of the insurance company Sun Fire Office from 1815 to 1841, Recorder of Basingstoke 1823–35, and Chairman of Hampshire Quarter Sessions 1850–79. He also served in his father's North Hampshire Yeomanry Cavalry as a lieutenant in 1821, and was Lieutenant-Colonel Commandant in 1823–27 and 1831–68, when he became its Honorary Lt-Col.  In 1857 he was appointed Governor of the Isle of Wight, which he remained until 1888. He was also an ecclesiastical commissioner and a trustee of the British Museum. In 1885 he was made a Knight Grand Cross of the Order of the Bath (GCB).

Family.

Lord Eversley married Emma Laura (d. 1857), daughter of Samuel Whitbread and Lady Elizabeth Grey, in 1817. They had three sons, who all died in infancy, and two daughters. The family lived at Heckfield Place in Hampshire, which was previously the seat of his maternal grandfather. Lady Eversley died in June 1857. Lord Eversley survived her by over thirty years and died in December 1888, aged 94. He is buried at Kensal Green Cemetery, London. As he had no surviving sons, the title became extinct on his death. The Eversley title was revived in 1906 in favour of his nephew, George Shaw-Lefevre.

Charles Shaw-Lefevre, 1st Viscount Eversley, GCB, PC (22 February 1794 – 28 December 1888), was a British Whig politician. He served as Speaker of the House of Commons from 1839 to 1857. He is the second-longest serving Speaker of the House of Commons, behind Arthur Onslow.

Charles Shaw-Lefevre Eversley, né le et mort le, est un homme politique britannique du parti Whig. Il est président de la Chambre des Communes de 1839 à 1857. C'est le plus long mandat à ce poste après celui d'Arthur Onslow. Il est membre de l'Ordre du Bain en 1885.


Brief overview.

Sports Club of the Army (Soviet Union).

The predecessor of CSK ZSU was the Sports Club of the Kiev Military District (SK KVO) which was established on April 1, 1957 by the district's administration of military training as a regional department of the Sports Society of Armed Forces of the USSR. The club was based on the Sports Club of the Kiev Military District Officers' Club (SKDO Kiev). The newly established club included following sports establishments:  The Palace of sports, stadium and the shooting range were all inherited from the Officers' Club. The swimming pool, initially uncovered, was part of the Officers' Club since 1951. However after its reconstruction in 1956, it was handed to the administration of military training and was transferred to the sports club only on April 1, 1958, a year later. The equestrian sports facilities were created on the base of a liquidated stables of the 114th Separate Rifle Company and were transferred to the sports club as well. In 1957 the football squad of military servicemen from the Soviet Class B (third tier) were added to the club. The football squad was completely sponsored by the Kiev Military District headquarters. In 1959 the team however was dissolved.  On May 10, 1960, a day after the Victory Day, the club was renamed into the Sports Club of Army (SKA Kiev). On July 4, 1962 the shooting sports facilities were transferred to the military unit #01626. Since May 20, 1971 the club was transferred to the staff of #48/105-A and on December 15 it adopted the number 14 becoming the 14th Sports Club of Army. On February 12, 1980 the club created two children and youth sports schools. One school was for fighting sports and team sports, while another - for other Olympic sports.

Central Sports Club of the Armed Forces of Ukraine (Ukraine).

With fall of the Soviet Union all Soviet organization that were funded through the central government ceased to exist. In 1992 the Kiev Military District was dissolved, some of its components were moved to Russia, while others were transferred to the Armed Forces of Ukraine. The former SKA Kiev was discontinued and all its assets were transferred into the newly formed the Central Sports Club which absorbed all the Soviet Army centers based in Ukraine such as Odessa, Lviv, and Sevastopol (every one corresponds to the administrative center of a Soviet military district).

Medal tables.

Medals by summer sport.

Updated for 2012 Olympics

Central Sports Club of the Armed Forces of Ukraine (, transliteration: "Tsentralnyi Sportyvnyi Klub Zbroinykh Syl Ukrayiny") or CSK ZSU () is a sports club that was created on December 15, 1992 based on the Soviet Sports Club of Army (SKA Kiev) in Kiev (regional center of CKA), which dissolved after the fall of the Soviet Union. CSK ZSU is subordinated to the Sport Administration of Ministry of Defense (created on April 29, 1992).

Le CSKA Kiev (, en français : Club Sportif Central de l'Armée de Kiev) était un club omnisports situé à Kiev en Ukraine. Créé le, il prend la suite du club sportif de l'armée soviétique du SKA Kiev, l'antenne régionale du SKA.


Background.

The term "iron man" as it pertains to sports longevity has origins from major league baseball pitcher Joe McGinnity, who was known for pitching in back to back doubleheaders and leading his league in innings pitched four times in five seasons from 1900 to 1904. He also played professionally until age 54. His nickname was "Iron Man" although he said the name came from his off season work for his family's foundry business.  In 1941, endurance by an athlete was recognized as an "iron man" by the press when Lou Gehrig had a streak of 2,130 consecutive games end when he had asked the manager to take him out of the line up due to his fading abilities. Gehrig had been a consistent performer on the field having attained a batting average of at least.300 throughout his career until the previous season when he had fallen to.295. A common characteristic of an iron man is the ability to play through injury. Gehrig displayed this trait in 1934 when his streak was in jeopardy of being snapped at 1,427 games. He had been injured during a game and was pulled from the lineup. The next day, after receiving heat treatments and massages for a stiff back, he was able to get a hit before leaving the contest. Gehrig's record stood for 56 years until surpassed by Cal Ripken Jr. in 1995. After Ripken's record-breaking streak garnered attention from the media, the NBA's A.C. Green received attention for his own streak of consecutive games played in 1997 as he was approaching Randy Smith's record. Then in 1999, Brett Favre set the record for consecutive starts by a quarterback when he started his 117th consecutive game surpassing the mark established by Ron Jaworski. In 2009, Favre would surpass Jim Marshall's starts streak at any position with his 271st consecutive start.  An iron man streak can also be ended due to disciplinary reasons. In 2015, Matt Kenseth was suspended after he caused a crash that ended Joey Logano's race. NASCAR issued a two-race suspension, effectively ending his streak at 571, leaving him ineligible for pursuing Jeff Gordon's 797-race streak.  In international cricket, players can be taken out of the squad due to injuries, discipline, poor form, or illegal bowling action or unfavourable conditions for certain bowlers, or simply as a healthy break when they are rested during long tours or in a calendar year with hectic schedules. In 2016, Brendon McCullum would finish his international career, having started in 101 consecutive tests from debut, which is remarkable not only because he has never been dropped due to poor form or poor health (though he has given up wicketkeeping due to back and knee issues), but because New Zealand has a far leaner schedule compared to Australia and England; even though he is nowhere near Allan Border's actual record of 153, they were not from debut. Also, since Test and limited-overs cricket would also feature different players, the consecutive starts streak would be counted separately. Brendon McCullum also started 122 consecutive One-Day Internationals from 2004-2010, the same as Mahela Jayawardene of Sri Lanka with 122 each, but the record is held by Sachin Tendulkar, when his streak was snapped due to injury.  In 2017, Eli Manning was benched in favor of Geno Smith after the Giants, snapping his active starts streak at 210, which was the longest streak amongst active players. Philip Rivers of the Indianapolis Colts now has the longest active streak.

An Iron man is an athlete of unusual physical endurance. This durability is generally measured by an athlete's ability to play without missing a game and/or start for an extended period of time, sometimes, even for an entire career. Some of the more notable athletes with significant streaks in sports history includes baseball's Lou Gehrig and Cal Ripken Jr., American football's Brett Favre and Joe Thomas, basketball's A. C. Green, ice hockey's Doug Jarvis, and stock car racing's Jeff Gordon.

En sport, un homme de fer (en anglais : "Iron Man" ou "Ironman") est une épithète qui désigne un sportif ayant fait preuve d'une durabilité ou d'une endurance remarquable sur une longue période. Celles-ci sont souvent mesurées, par exemple, par une série de matchs joués consécutivement. Quelques hommes de fer célèbres sont Cal Ripken au baseball, Doug Jarvis au hockey sur glace et A. C. Green au basket-ball.


Early life and family.

Brown, a native of Fort Meade, Maryland, was born in 1948 and grew up in a military family. His father, Arnett Brown, was a member of the 89th Infantry Division during World War II, who became a Command Sergeant Major and served in the Vietnam War. His mother was Mary Lou Brown. Brown played baseball and basketball in high school, and eventually made it onto a semi-pro baseball team in Fayetteville, North Carolina. In a 2009 interview with "The Year in Special Operations", he commented on his short-lived semi-pro baseball career, saying, "I played three games with them and found that life couldn't be sustained on $3 per game". Losing interest in college, and with his father in Vietnam, he walked into a recruiting office and joined the Army as an infantryman. He is married to Penelope "Penny" Brown (née Whightsil), a native of Fayetteville. Together, they have two daughters and five grandchildren.

Military service.

Early military career and Vietnam.

He entered the Army in 1966 as a private in the infantry. While attending Airborne School at Fort Bragg in North Carolina, he signed up for the Army Special Forces (SF) after meeting Army SF recruiters. After Brown completed the Special Forces Qualification Course, he was assigned to the 7th Special Forces Group. His interest in aviation started While at Mountain Ranger Camp, he became enthralled with helicopters after he was asked by a UH-1 helicopter pilot to assist him in conducting reconnaissance flight over northern Georgia. Immediately afterwards, he signed up for Officer Candidate School (OCS) and flight school. He graduated from OCS in May 1970, obtaining a field artillery officer commission as a second lieutenant. He was thereafter stationed at Camp Pelham, South Korea as part of the Headquarters and Headquarters Battery, 2/17th Field Artillery Regiment.  Brown went on to earn his aviator badge in 1971 after attending Army Aviation School at Fort Rucker, Alabama. After aviation school, he deployed to Vietnam as a UH-1 helicopter pilot in the 129th Assault Helicopter Company. He would go on to become the first member of the aviation branch to attain the rank of four-star general. In June 1978, Brown was assigned to the 158th Aviation Battalion at Fort Campbell, Kentucky flying Sikorsky UH-60 Black Hawks. While a member of the 158th Aviation Battalion. Brown was a Company Commander. The 158th Aviation Battalion was originally part of the 101st Aviation Group, the air arm of the 101st Airborne Division.

Operation Credible Sport.

In 1979, Iranian students seized the American embassy in Tehran and held the embassy staff hostage; the first rescue operation, code-named Eagle Claw ended in failure due to equipment and coordination problems, culminating in the crash of a RH-53D Sea Stallion helicopter into a parked C-130 Hercules in the Iranian desert, killing eight servicemen. A second rescue attempt, Operation Honey Badger, was ordered, and Brown was involved in planning and preparation. The follow-up rescue included U.S. Air Force, U.S. Navy and Army assets. The Army units involved were the battalions that made up the 101st Aviation Group: the 158th Aviation Battalion, the 229th Aviation Battalion and the 159th Aviation Battalion. All three battalions formed Task Force 158. President Carter meanwhile appointed the former Chief of Naval Operations, Admiral James L. Holloway, III, to head a commission to study the deficiencies revealed by the failure of Eagle Claw. Among the presented findings was the fact that the military lacked aircraft and crews who were trained and prepared to perform these mission types.  The Task Force began night flight training using night vision goggles (NVG) to develop nighttime extraction capabilities; however, they were doing so with AN/PVS-5 NVGs which were originally developed for ground forces. Never before had anyone in the U.S. Department of Defense flown in NVGs and the Task Force quickly adapted the NVGs for flying and by Brown's own words "a warrant officer figured out we could cut them apart and mount them to our helmets and increase our efficiency and safety by a huge margin. So there we were, without authority, cutting up goggles and building our own NVGs." Their nighttime training took place at Dugway Proving Ground, Utah. As a result of the night vision goggle training Brown asserted in a 2011 interview that "most of today's NVG tactics, techniques, and procedures as well as Black Hawk and Chinook modifications came directly from that mission." Ultimately Operation Credible Sport did not come to fruition due to a peaceful resolution to the crisis where the hostages were released as a result of long negotiations.

160th SOAR.

After Operation Honey Badger ended the Army leadership decided the unit was needed for future contingency operations. Thusly, on October 16, 1981, Task Force 158 became the 160th Aviation Battalion, with Brown a founding member. The choice of the unit's name was accepted by the U.S. Army Institute of Heraldry as a logical progression of the 101st's 158th and 159th Battalions. The 160th Aviation Battalion was later renamed the 160th Special Operations Aviation Group in 1986; it was not until 1990 when it would take on its current name, 160th Special Operations Aviation Regiment. In October 1983, Brown participated in the invasion of Grenada, during which his unit became the first aviation unit to use night vision goggles in combat. In the late 1980s, Brown led all U.S. aviation forces assigned to Operation Prime Chance, which provided escort security for American-flagged Kuwaiti tankers during the Iran–Iraq War. During Operation Prime Chance Brown's unit became the first aviation unit to engage in combat using night vision devices when they engaged an Iranian-flagged ship, "Iran Ajr", that was seen deploying mines in the Persian Gulf.  In 1988, he participated in Operation Mount Hope III, during which U.S. forces recovered a crashed Soviet-made Mi-24 Hind attack helicopter in Chad. Company E of the 160th deployed to N'Djamena, Chad via C-5 Galaxy. Once in Chad the company flew two CH-47 Chinooks 490 nautical miles at night, without the use of navigational aids, to the crash site. Once at the crash site the crews harnessed the crashed Hind to a Chinook via sling-load. During the returning flight both Chinooks refueled twice at FARPs supported by C-130s; and later endured a sandstorm before returning with the Hind.  During the Persian Gulf War in 1991, Brown commanded a battalion within 160th SOAR for both Operation Desert Shield and Operation Desert Storm. Their missions during the operations included inserting and extracting Special Forces teams; resupplying SOF units; performing reconnaissance; and attacking pre-designated targets. Brown became the third commanding officer of the Regiment after Desert Storm.

General Officer.

Between 1994 and 1996, Brown served as assistant division commander for maneuver, 1st Infantry Division (Mechanized), at Fort Riley, Kansas. He later served as director of Plans, Policy and Strategic Assessments (J5/J7) at U.S. Special Operations Command. As a major general, he commanded the Joint Special Operations Command (JSOC) from 1998–2000. Brown went on to lead U.S. Army Special Operations Command (USASOC) from October 2000 to 2002.  While at the helm of USASOC, Brown sought to modernize neglected aspects of Army special operations, mainly the civil affairs and psychological operations units. By the time Brown left, he had increased USASOC's budget by 200 percent. After leading all of the Army's special operations forces for two years, Brown was selected to become the Deputy Commander of U.S. Special Operations Command. He held the position from 2002 until 2003 when he was nominated to take over U.S. Special Operations Command.

Commander of USSOCOM.

On September 2, 2003, Brown replaced Air Force General Charles R. Holland as the Commander of U.S. Special Operations Command. During Brown's tenure as USSOCOM commander, he was involved in the aftermath of the Pat Tillman friendly fire incident that occurred in early 2004. He testified before the congressional Committee on Oversight and Government Reform in 2007 about receiving a memo from Lt. Gen. Stanley McChrystal, then-commander of JSOC, informing Brown that it was "highly possible that Corporal Tillman was killed by friendly fire". Ultimately, former commanding general of USASOC Lt. Gen. Philip Kensinger and other Army officers were held responsible for the mishandling of information surrounding Tillman's death.  On November 23, 2005, Brown, together with U.S. Secretary of Defense Donald Rumsfeld, and Marine Corps Commandant General Michael Hagee announced the creation of the Marine Corps Forces Special Operations Command (MARSOC). Prior to the creation of MARSOC, the Marine Corps had not been involved in special operations, which were conducted by Army, Navy and Air Force units assigned to U.S. Special Operations Command. After the September 11 attacks, the Secretary of Defense had directed the Marine Corps and Brown's predecessor to work closer together in the Global War on Terror. This culminated in the creation of MCSOCOM Detachment One on June 19, 2003, shortly before Brown took command of USSOCOM. It was nearly three years later on February 24, 2006, when MARSOC was activated at Camp Lejeune, North Carolina.  In 2006, Brown oversaw the SOF component of the Quadrennial Defense Review (QDR) which is a legislatively-mandated study by the Department of Defense that analyzes strategic objectives and potential military threats. As a result of Brown's contributions to the 2006 QDR were considered a success and a "major stride forward" in preparing U.S. special forces for future contingencies by increasing the SOF budget and manpower. As a result of the 2006 QDR the capabilities of USSOCOM were greatly expanded, including increasing active-duty Special Forces battalions by one-third, expansion of psychological operations and civil affairs units by 33%, increasing the number of Navy SEALs, among other major changes. After four years of leading USSOCOM through the Iraq War and War in Afghanistan, President George W. Bush nominated Rear Admiral Eric T. Olson to succeed Brown as the commander of U.S. Special Operations Command on May 11, 2007. Brown and Olson had served at the USSOCOM headquarters in Tampa together for four years, and Olson had been the deputy commander since 2003. The change of command ceremony took place on July 9, 2007, at the Tampa Convention Center. It was presided over by Secretary of Defense Robert Gates. During the ceremony, Gates said, "He came to this post four years ago determined to improve the way special operators fight. He has done just that". At the time of the change of command ceremony, Brown was the longest serving commander in U.S. Special Operations Command history with 1,406 days in office. Over the course of his military career, Brown amassed a total of 4,400 hours of flight time in fixed and rotary-winged aircraft.

Education.

His military education included the Field Artillery Officer Advance Course, U.S. Army Command and General Staff College and the United States Army War College. At the Army War College in 1992, a then-Lieutenant Colonel Brown co-wrote a military studies program with future United States Northern Command commander, Victor E. Renuart, Jr., in a paper titled "Combat Search and Rescue: A Search for Tomorrow". In it, Brown was highly critical of the United States Air Force, saying, "The U.S. Air Force is the proponent agency for search and rescue, but chose not to deploy any forces to Desert Storm". Brown graduated from the Harvard Executive Education Program's National and International Security Managers Course. He received a bachelor's degree in history from Cameron University, as well as a master's degree in business from Webster University.

Post-military life.

In November 2007, shortly after Brown retired from the Army, he joined the board of directors for Aurora Flight Sciences, which specializes in the scientific and military applications of robotic aircraft and aerospace vehicles. Brown is the president and founder of his own consultation firm, Tier 4 Consulting. He served from 2007 till 2018 on the Board of the Special Operations Warrior Foundation, a four star rated charity supporting education for the children of fallen Special Operators, serving the last five years as the chairman.

Awards and honors.

General Brown was awarded the following military awards and decorations:

Other accolades.

Shortly after his retirement, Brown was named "Patriot of the Year" for 2007 by the Congressional Medal of Honor Society, and he also received the Ellis Island Medal of Honor. The following year, he was inducted into the Army Aviation Hall of Fame. The Association of Special Operations Professionals named Brown "Man of the Year" in 2011. In 2012, the 160th SOAR compound at Fort Campbell was renamed the "Gen. Bryan "Doug" Brown Compound" in his honor.

Bryan Douglas "Doug" Brown (born October 20, 1948) is a retired four-star United States Army general. He retired in 2007 after four decades of military service. In his final assignment, he served as the seventh commander of U.S. Special Operations Command (USSOCOM), from September 2, 2003, until July 9, 2007. As USSOCOM's commander, he was responsible for all unified special operations forces (SOF), both active duty and reserve.

Bryan Douglas « Doug » Brown, né le 20 octobre 1948 à Fort Meade au Maryland, est un général quatre étoiles de l'armée américaine, ancien commandant de l'United States Special Operations Command (USSOCOM) de 2003 à 2007.


Plot summary.

The novel is narrated in first person by several narrators and divided into three parts. The first section, "Mexicans Lost in Mexico", set in late 1975, is told by 17-year-old aspiring poet, Juan García Madero. It centers on his admittance to a roving gang of poets who refer to themselves as the Visceral Realists. He drops out of university and travels around Mexico City, becoming increasingly involved with the adherents of Visceral Realism, although he remains uncertain about Visceral Realism.  The book's second section, "The Savage Detectives," comprises nearly two-thirds of the novel's total length. The section is a polyphonic narrative which features more than forty narrators and spans twenty years, from 1976 to 1996. It consists of interviews with a variety of characters from locations around North America, Europe, the Middle East and Africa, all of whom have come into contact with the founding leaders of the Visceral Realists, Ulises Lima and Arturo Belano. Each narrator has his or her own opinion of the two, although the consensus is that they are drifters and literary elitists whose behavior often leaves a bitter taste in the mouths of those they meet. We learn that the two spent some years in Europe, frequenting bars and camp sites, and generally living a bohemian lifestyle. Lima, the more introverted of the two, serves a short sentence in an Israeli prison, while Belano challenges a literary critic to an absurd sword fight on a Spanish beach.  The third section of the book, "The Deserts of Sonora", is again narrated by Juan García Madero, and chronologically takes place straight after the first section, now in the Sonora Desert in January 1976, with Lima, Belano and a prostitute named Lupe. The section involves the "Savage Detectives" closing in on Cesárea Tinajero, an elusive poet who is the founder of Visceral Realism, while they are chased by a pimp named Alberto and a corrupt Mexican police officer.

Characters.

A partial character list.

Critical reception.

Several critics have compared the novel to "Rayuela" (translated into English as "Hopscotch") by Argentinian novelist Julio Cortázar, whom Bolaño greatly respected, both because of its non-linear structure and its portrayal of young, bohemian artists.  James Wood wrote in The New York Times, "A novel all about poetry and poets, one of whose heroes is a lightly disguised version of the author himself: how easily this could be nothing more than a precious lattice of ludic narcissism and unbearably "literary" adventures... The novel is wildly enjoyable (as well as, finally, full of lament), in part because Bolaño, despite all the game-playing, has a worldly, literal sensibility."  Benjamin Kunkel, writing for London Review of Books, "It’s something close to a miracle that Bolaño can produce such intense narrative interest in a book made up of centrifugal monologues spinning away from two absentee main characters, and the diary entries of its most peripheral figure. And yet, in spite of the book’s apparent (and often real) formlessness, a large part of its distinction is its virtually unprecedented achievement in multiply-voiced narration."  Slate wrote, ""The Savage Detectives" sings a love song to the grandeur of Latin American literature and to the passions it inspires, and there is no reason to suppose that, in spite of every prediction, these particular grandeurs and passions have reached their appointed end."

Elements in common with "2666".

"2666", Bolaño's final, posthumous novel has many points in common with "The Savage Detectives".  According to the Note to the First Edition of "2666", among Bolaño's notes is a line saying that "The narrator of "2666" is Arturo Belano," a character from "The Savage Detectives", as well as a line for the end of "2666", "And that's it, friends. I've done it all, I've lived it all. If I had the strength, I'd cry. I bid you all goodbye, Arturo Belano".

The Savage Detectives ("Los Detectives Salvajes" in Spanish) is a novel by the Chilean author Roberto Bolaño published in 1998. Natasha Wimmer's English translation was published by Farrar, Straus and Giroux in 2007. The novel tells the story of the search for a 1920s Mexican poet, Cesárea Tinajero, by two 1970s poets, the Chilean Arturo Belano (alter ego of Bolaño) and the Mexican Ulises Lima.

Les Détectives sauvages ("") est un roman de Roberto Bolaño paru en 1998 pour l'édition originale et en 2006 pour la traduction française.


Club career.

In New Zealand.

White first played rugby for the Te Awamutu Sports Club. In 2002, he joined the National Provincial Championship side, Waikato. White was brought in to play for Super 14 side the Chiefs in 2006. The 2006 Super 14 season saw the Chiefs finish in seventh overall and third from the New Zealand teams. Later that year, White won the 2006 Air New Zealand Cup with Waikato. The Air New Zealand Cup had replaced the National Provincial Championship that season. White started at tighthead prop in the final of the Cup, as Waikato beat Wellington 37–31. White served as the captain of Waikato for two years before leaving both Waikato and the Chiefs to move abroad.

Leinster.

White moved to Irish provincial side Leinster in 2011 on a one-year contract, joining ahead of the 2011–12 season. He played 17 times in the Pro12 that season, nine of these appearances coming from the bench. He scored one try in the competition, this coming against the Cardiff Blues on 2 December 2011. In the 2011–12 Heineken Cup, White made seven appearances, all coming from the bench, as Leinster won the competition.

Connacht.

After his year with Leinster was finished, White joined another Irish province, this time Connacht Rugby. He signed with the team on a three-year contract in February 2012 and joined them ahead of the 2012–13 season. In his first season with the club, White played 16 games in the 2012–13 Pro12, starting 14 of them and scoring one try. He also played five games in that season's Heineken Cup for the province.  In January 2015, Connacht and the IRFU announced that White had signed a two-year contract extension, which would see him play at the Sportsground until at least the summer of 2017. In September 2016, it was announced that White was retiring from rugby with immediate effect, due to ongoing issues from a concussion he sustained in a game against Leinster in March of that year. He had made 58 appearances for Connacht in his four seasons with the side.

International career.

In October 2014, White became qualified to play for through the three-year residency rule. White was named in the Irish squad for the end of year tests, but a bicep injury ruled him out until January. White was one of only two uncapped players included in Ireland's extended squad for the Six Nations. On 30 January 2015, at the age of 33, White made his first appearance for an Irish national team, featuring as a replacement for the Ireland Wolfhounds.  On 15 August 2015 White made his debut off the bench for Ireland in a 28–22 win over Scotland in the second of their 2015 Rugby World Cup warm up matches. A late arrival to international Rugby, in the space of seven months White accumulated 13 Irish caps with four starts, before he was forced to retire in September 2016.

Nathan White is a retired rugby union player from New Zealand, who played internationally for. He played as a prop, primarily at tighthead. White last played for Irish provincial side Connacht in the Pro12, and had previously played for Leinster, another province. Before moving to Ireland, he played Super Rugby for the Chiefs and provincial rugby for Waikato.

Nathan White, né le à Hawera, est un joueur international irlandais de rugby à XV néo-zélandais évoluant au poste de pilier. Il commence le rugby en Nouvelle-Zélande avent de rejoindre l'Irlande, pays avec lequel il devient international.


Theories.

The proposed phenomenon may be due to a number of factors. Research has identified geographic location, fear stigma against certain breed types, and the fact that large, black dogs are often portrayed as aggressive in film and on television as possible correlates. Initial research at one location identified a longer period experienced by black dogs before adoption, but subsequent studies considered to be more robust (as conducted in a larger number of geographically spread shelters) has shown that when shelter visitors video-recorded their walk through the adoption area, they spent equal amounts of time looking at every dog, regardless of coat color. Other studies have suggested brindle dogs may be more likely to experience longer delays before adoption than black dogs. Coat color bias seems evident, but may change depending on geographic location.  Some people believe that during the pet adoption process some potential owners associate the color black with evil or misfortune (similar to the common superstition surrounding black cats), and this bias transfers over to their choice of dog. Additionally, many shelters feature photo profiles of their dogs on the shelter website. Because black dogs do not photograph well, lighter-colored dogs have an advantage with potential adopters browsing the site. A study done by the Los Angeles Animal Services challenges some of these claims, saying that a full 28% of adopted dogs are black. However, the bias theory simply asserts that predominantly dark animals take longer to be adopted than their lighter counterparts, and that large dogs take longer to adopt than small ones.  However, appearance in general does play a role in potential adopters' selection of shelter dogs. In a 2011 study by the ASPCA, appearance was the most frequently cited reason for adopters of both puppies (29 percent) and adult dogs (26 percent).

History.

The issue has been gaining media attention since the mid-2000s. Tamara Delaney, an early activist against black dog syndrome, developed a website called Black Pearl Dogs in 2004 specifically to address the issue, both by educating the public about its existing, as well as showcasing individual dogs available for adoption.

Cats.

Black cats are similarly reported to be subject to the same phenomenon, with the added stigma of superstition and association with witchcraft.

Scientific studies.

While many shelter workers claim the phenomenon is real, its acceptance is disputed, and quantitative analyses are limited.

Shelter studies.

A 1992 article in the journal "Animal Welfare", found that color was not a major factor in adoptions at a Northern Ireland shelter; black-and-white coats were most prevalent among adopted dogs, followed by yellow, solid black, gold, and black-and-tan coats. However, this did not take into account what "percentage" of the shelter populations had those colors to begin with, and thus says nothing about the chances of an individual dog of a particular color being adopted, compared to a dog of another color.  A 1998 study of 1,468 relinquished dogs offered for adoption at a local humane society found having a primarily black coat color was a variable associated with euthanasia, while gold, gray, and white coats colors were significant predictors of successful adoption.  A 2002 study published in the "Journal of Applied Animal Welfare Science" of dog and cat adoption in California animal shelters found pure-black coat colors to be negative factors in adoption rates for both dogs and cats.  In 2008 the general manager of the Los Angeles Animal Services department reported that twelve months of data on the intake of 30,046 dogs showed slightly more dogs that were predominantly or all black were adopted than dogs who were not predominantly or all black.  A 2010 PhD thesis analyzing multiple factors found a measurable variance contributing to dogs with primarily black coats being euthanized rather than adopted.  A 2013 study of dogs' length of stay (LOS) at two New York "no-kill" shelters determined that canine coat color had no effect. The study noted that coat color's effect on LOS may be localized, or may not generalize to traditional or other types of shelters.  A Masters thesis analysis of 16,800 dogs at two Pacific Northwest shelters found that black dogs were adopted more quickly than average at both shelters.  A 2013 study of cat adoption rates published in "The Open Veterinary Science Journal" concluded that "Results indicated that black cats, regardless of age or sex, require the longest time to adopt. They are followed by primarily black cats with other colors."

Studies based on images.

A 1992 article in the journal "Animal Welfare" was conducted on adoptable dog characteristics. Participants in South Belfast were presented with photographs of dogs similar except for one manipulated feature, resulting in a statistically reliable preference for a blond coat (65%) over a black coat.  A 2012 report in the journal "Society and Animals" on a pair of studies recording participant rankings of pictured dogs of varying attributes along eight different personality traits did not find a bias against black dogs. In the first study, using four types of poodles (large black, small black, large white, and small white), 795 participants ranked black poodles as more friendly than white poodles. A second study with eight different breeds, including a black lab, suggested that the personality ratings of participants was based more on stereotypes of breed than on color. It concluded that "in general, with the exception of the golden retriever, black labs were perceived as consistently less dominant and less hostile than other large breeds, contrary to the assumption that large, black dogs are viewed negatively. A 2013 study published in the journal "Anthrozoös" displayed photographs of dogs colored either yellow or black, and with floppy ears or pointy ears. It found that “participants rated the yellow dog significantly higher than the black dog on the personality dimensions of Agreeableness, Conscientiousness, and Emotional Stability.” It also found significant difference in ratings based on ear size, indicating “that people attribute different personality characteristics to dogs based solely on physical characteristics of the dog.”  A study presented at the 2013 International Society for Anthrozoology conference that showed participants pictures of cats and dogs of varying colors found white cats were considered the friendliest, orange cats second friendliest, and black cats least friendly. Among dogs, yellow dogs were considered friendliest, brown dogs second friendliest, and black dogs least friendly. Darker pets were similarly judged less adoptable, and black dogs were considered the most aggressive.

Black dog syndrome or big black dog syndrome is a phenomenon in which black dogs are passed over for adoption in favor of lighter-colored animals. Animal shelters often use the term BBD, or big black dog, to describe the type of larger dark-colored mixed-breed said to be typically passed over by adopters.

Le syndrome du grand chien noir (en anglais, "black dog syndrome" ou "big black dog syndrome", BBDS) est une explication controversée au fait que les chiens noirs de grande taille soient les moins facilement adoptés dans les refuges. Les grands chiens noirs seraient considérés comme moins amicaux et plus dangereux que les autres. Ce phénomène serait amplifié par la représentation négative du grand chien noir dans la culture.


Synopsis.

The Crossing.

Buck (Bill Oberst Jr.) and his friends have made a pastime of trolling the Mexico–United States border in search of anyone they believe to be an illegal immigrant. Upon catching someone, the group murders them and buries the body in the hopes of sending out a personal message to anyone else that wants to enter. However what they couldn't predict is that their victims might rise from the grave to take their revenge.

TaeJung's Lament.

A lonely widower finds himself unable to cope with the loss of his wife and begins to follow around various women that resemble her. On one such occasion he ends up becoming a witness to a woman's kidnapping. The man rescues her and in gratitude, the woman urges him to meet her one night. Unknown to him, the woman and her friends are all vampires who are being hunted by Van Helsing himself.

Re-Membered.

A dirty cop (Christopher Darga) has been asked to serve as a hitman for a man's murder, which he does. He dismembers the body and stows it in his trunk for later disposal, but is shocked when he begins to find evidence that his victim is somehow still alive.

Clowned.

When Emmett (Corbin Bleu), a wayward drug dealer, gets bitten by Fucko (Domiziano Arcangeli), a flesh-eating clown at a family member's birthday party, the last thing he expects is for that bite to begin a horrifying transformation. As his transformation proceeds, Emmett is horrified to find that he has a newly acquired taste for human flesh.

Lover Come Back.

A woman returns from the grave in order to seek revenge on the cheating husband who caused her death. As she moves towards her final task, she begins to recollect their relationship and how everything went wrong.

Reception.

"Ain't It Cool News" gave "Scary or Die" a positive review, stating that "Reminiscent of old school films like "Creepshow" with its practical effects and unflinchingly wicked tales, this is one indie film worth seeing by as many folks as possible." "Dread Central" gave a more mixed review and remarked that while they enjoyed the segments "Clowned" and "Re-Membered", they found most of the segments disappointing and could really only recommend it for "Clowned". "HorrorNews.net" criticized the film's segments, commenting that some would serve well as excellent student films but that "this is a commercial release, and the bar is higher."

Scary or Die is a 2012 American anthology horror film directed by Bob Badway, Michael Emanuel, and Igor Meglic. The film was released on video on demand on May 1, 2012 and on DVD on September 11, 2012. Initially titled "Terror Bytes", the film's name was later changed to coincide with a horror website by the same name that Emanuel ran with his co-director Igor Meglic and two other filmmakers.

, signifiant en anglais « effraye ou meurt », est un thriller d'horreur américain réalisé par, et. Il est sorti en vidéo à la demande le et en DVD le.


Early years.

Gina Alexis Rodriguez was born in Chicago, Illinois, the youngest daughter of Puerto Rican parents, Magali and Gino Rodriguez, a boxing referee. She is the youngest of three sisters. She was raised in the Belmont Cragin neighborhood on Chicago's Northwest Side.  At the age of seven, Rodriguez performed at the salsa dance company Fantasia Juvenil. Rodriguez was raised Catholic, and attended high school at St. Ignatius College Prep. She continued dancing salsa until age 17.  At the age of 16, she was among thirteen teenagers to be accepted into Columbia University's Theatrical Collaboration. She attended NYU's Tisch School of the Arts. She trained for four years at the Atlantic Theater Company and Experimental Theatre Wing, and earned with a Bachelor of Fine Arts degree in 2005.  She portrayed Frida Kahlo in the world premiere of "Casa Blue" in the United Kingdom, in the play called "The Last Moments in the Life of Frida Kahlo" at the American Stage Theatre.

Career.

Rodriguez made her screen debut appearing in an episode of "Law & Order" in 2004. She later has appeared on "Eleventh Hour", "Army Wives" and "The Mentalist". On October 19, 2011, Rodriguez landed the recurring role, Beverly, in the soap opera series "The Bold and the Beautiful". She received a role in the musical film "Go for It!", for which she received a 2011 Imagen Awards nomination.  In 2012, Rodriguez played young hip-hop artist Majo Tenorio in the independent musical-drama film "Filly Brown", for which she won an Imagen Award. She received good reviews for her performance in film. She also was the recipient of the Best Actor Award at the First Run Film Festival in New York. On June 9, 2013, Gina won the Inaugural Lupe Award. On April 16, 2013, during an interview, she revealed she was offered a role in the Lifetime television series "Devious Maids", but turned it down. On October 16, 2013, she joined the cast of the movie "Sleeping With The Fishes". She is also working on an album.  On February 27, 2014, "Entertainment Weekly" announced that Rodriguez would play the titular role of Jane Villanueva in "Jane the Virgin", for which she went on to win a Golden Globe Award. On June 4, 2014, Rodriguez joined the cast of the upcoming drama film "Sticky Notes". In August 2015, she co-hosted the 2015 Teen Choice Awards with Ludacris and Josh Peck. She voiced Mary in the animated film "The Star", which was released in November 2017, and played Anya in the science fiction thriller film "Annihilation", opposite Natalie Portman. She also voices Carmen Sandiego in the Netflix animated series "Carmen Sandiego" which premiered on January 18, 2019. In March 2018, Netflix announced that they had acquired the live-action film rights for "Carmen Sandiego" and that Rodriguez would star as Sandiego in the film.  Rodriguez owns the production company I Can & I Will Productions. She developed projects at CBS and The CW that are centered around the Latino community. In 2018, it was announced that she would produce and star in Netflix romantic comedy film "Someone Great".  In 2019, Rodriguez starred as the titular character in the action thriller film "Miss Bala". In the same year, it was announced that Rodriguez was cast in the upcoming Netflix science fiction thriller "Awake". She also voiced the role of Velma Dinkley in the computer animated adventure film "Scoob!".

Personal life.

In an interview, Rodriguez revealed that she has suffered from Hashimoto's disease, a thyroid condition, since the age of 19. In a 2014 interview, she said, "I grew up Catholic. I have Jewish in my family and I attend a Christian church in Hollywood. I am basically all over the place."  In 2016, Rodriguez began dating actor, model, and MMA fighter Joe LoCicero, who she met on the set of "Jane the Virgin". On August 7, 2018, Rodriguez confirmed in an interview with "Us Weekly" that she and LoCicero were engaged. On May 5, 2019, the couple married.

Philanthropy.

Rodriguez has been increasingly involved with various charities and philanthropic efforts, made possible by her rising visibility as a film and television actress. Most notably, she became involved with various organizations in 2015, ranging from CustomInk to Naja Lingerie, all of which Rodriguez has stated have a special connection to her life and experiences. On March 16, 2015, she was announced as a new member of the HSF's (Hispanic Scholarship Fund) Board of Directors. The HSF is the United States' biggest non-profit organization which supports Hispanic American higher education. Because attaining an education was the biggest priority in Rodriguez's household, coupled with her determination to work towards a degree, she was able to work towards receiving a HSF scholarship. For her placement on the Board of Directors, Rodriguez will help to support HSF in a matchless and meaningful way, therefore making sure that HSF's mission will continue to support the original values and commitment to education. Rodriguez has stated that this is a great opportunity to say thank you [to the HSF] and to help open doors for Latino students to follow.  Later in 2015, PACER's (The Parent Advocacy Coalition for Educational Rights) National Bullying Prevention Center teamed up with CustomInk and enlisted the help of various celebrities, Rodriguez among them, to raise money for their fifth annual "Be Good to Each Other Campaign". Throughout the month of October 2015, people were encouraged to purchase a "celebri-tee" from CustomInk, who would donate all the proceeds from bullying prevention T-shirts to PACER. Rodriguez, in designing a "celebri-tee" which featured the phrase "Kindness Is Always In Style" in cursive print, took a stand for kindness, acceptance, and inclusion in support of bullying prevention, and stated that her parents always taught [her] the power of thinking positively and treating others with respect. She also hopes that through the Be Good to Each Other Campaign, such a message could be continued to be spread to younger generations.  Also in October 2015, Rodriguez was announced as a partner of Naja, a lingerie line founded in 2014 with ambitions to help women and the environment. Because Naja is vertically-integrated, thereby shortening manufacturing lead times by up to eighty percent, it allows the company's savings to go towards school books, lunches, and uniforms for employees' children, and there's also an emphasis on a flexible work environment. Having seen the hardships of single mothers through a close friend from college, Rodriguez wanted to support a company that primarily employed single mothers and allowed them to work from home and provide for their families. She also cites Naja's commitment to creating lingerie for women of all shapes and sizes and encouraging body confidence as a factor for becoming involved with the lingerie line; admitting that it was a process for her to fall in love with her own body, Rodriguez also spoke on the importance of empowering women to love their own bodies and what they wear. Naja is also environmentally-conscious in its production, as more than half of all of its pieces are made of synthetics (like nylon)—that have been fabricated from recycled plastic bottles—and makes use of digital printing as a more environmentally-friendly measure.  In 2016, Rodriguez was named to Oprah's "SuperSoul 100" list of visionaries and influential leaders. In 2017, Rodriguez, among several other artists, sang on the single "Almost Like Praying". Sparked by Lin-Manuel Miranda, creator of Broadway's "Hamilton", all proceeds from the song benefited those affected by Hurricane Maria in Puerto Rico.

Gina Alexis Rodriguez-LoCicero ("née" Rodriguez; born July 30, 1984) is an American actress and director. She is known for her leading role as Jane Villanueva in The CW satirical romantic dramedy series "Jane the Virgin" (2014–2019), for which she received a Golden Globe Award in 2015.

Gina Rodriguez est une actrice, productrice et réalisatrice américaine née le à Chicago dans l'Illinois. Elle se fait connaître, du grand public, par le rôle de Jane Gloriana Villanueva, qu'elle incarne dans la série télévisée "Jane the Virgin" (2014-2019). Son interprétation est saluée par la critique et lui a valu, en 2015, le Golden Globe de la meilleure actrice dans une série télévisée musicale ou comique.


Service outline.

, 14 return "Hakutaka" services operate daily between and, with one additional return working daily between and Kanazawa. Trains operate at a maximum speed of.  "Hakutaka" services stop at the following stations. Not all trains stop at stations marked with an asterisk.

Rolling stock.

"Hakutaka" services are operated using JR East E7 series and JR West W7 series 12-car train sets based at Nagano and Hakusan depots respectively.

Pre-shinkansen.

Limited express services from March 1997 until March 2015 were operated with 6- or 9-car (6+3-car) 681 series or 683-8000 series EMU trains owned by JR West or Hokuetsu Express. Green (first class) car accommodation was provided in car 1.

Formations.

"Hakutaka" shinkansen services use 12-car JR East E7 series and JR West W7 series trainsets, formed as follows, with car 1 at the Tokyo (southern) end. Cars 1 to 10 are ordinary-class cars with 2+3 seating, car 11 is a "Green" car with 2+2 seating, and car 12 is a "Gran Class" car with 2+1 seating. All cars are no-smoking.

History.

October 1965 – November 1982.

The "Hakutaka" service was first introduced on 1 October 1965 as a limited express service operating between in Tokyo and via. This was discontinued from 15 November 1982.

March 1997 – March 2015.

The "Hakutaka" name was reinstated from 23 March 1997 for use on new limited express services jointly operated by JR West and Hokuetsu Express connecting Kanazawa with on the Joetsu Shinkansen via the newly built Hokuetsu Express Hokuhoku Line, operating at a maximum speed of. "Hakutaka" services operated at approximately hourly intervals between Kanazawa and Echigo-Yuzawa, with one return service daily starting and terminating at Fukui. One return working daily operated between and Echigo-Yuzawa. Services stopped at the following stations.  The last "Hakutaka" limited express service ran on 13 March 2015, replaced by new high-speed shinkansen services from the start of the revised timetable introduced the following day.

Shinkansen "Hakutaka", (March 2015 – ).

From 14 March 2015, the name "Hakutaka" was transferred to new shinkansen services operating between Tokyo and Kanazawa following the opening of the Hokuriku Shinkansen beyond Nagano.

The is a high-speed "shinkansen" train service jointly operated by East Japan Railway Company (JR East) and West Japan Railway Company (JR West) between and on the Hokuriku Shinkansen line in Japan. The shinkansen service was introduced on 14 March 2015, but the name was first used for a limited express service operated by Japanese National Railways (JNR) from 1965 until 1982, and later by JR West and Hokuetsu Express between 1997 and March 2015.

Le est le nom d'un service de train à grande vitesse japonais du réseau Shinkansen développé par la JR East et la JR West sur la ligne Shinkansen Hokuriku.


Biography.

Lowe began his career at DeMatha Catholic High School in Hyattsville, Maryland. He played collegiate basketball at North Carolina State University. He was the point guard for the Wolfpack's 1983 NCAA National Championship team that was heralded for its Cinderella run under legendary head coach Jim Valvano. Lowe was selected by the Chicago Bulls with the 1st pick of the second round in the 1983 NBA Draft. He played a total of four seasons in the NBA, for five different teams.  After retiring from basketball in 1991, Lowe took a job as an assistant coach with the Minnesota Timberwolves. Halfway through the 1992–93 season he took over as head coach of the struggling Timberwolves and remained in that position until the end of the 1993–94 season. From 1994 to 1999, Lowe served as an assistant coach to Mike Fratello with the Cleveland Cavaliers. Lowe returned to the Timberwolves organization in 1999 for one season as assistant coach.  The 2000–01 NBA season became Lowe's second stint as a head coach when he assumed the role for the Vancouver Grizzlies. He was the fifth head coach in the team's short history and led them to a franchise-best record of 23–59 in his first season and again the following season in 2001-02, when the Grizzlies relocated to Memphis. Sidney Lowe resigned from his coaching duties early in the 2002-03 season after starting 0–8, leaving his head coaching record at 79 wins against 228 losses (.257 winning percentage). In 2003, he returned to Minnesota once again to take an assistant position under then head coach Flip Saunders. Lowe followed Saunders to the Detroit Pistons in 2005 and remained an assistant coach there through the 2006 season.  On May 6, 2006, Lowe was named the new head basketball coach of North Carolina State University, replacing Herb Sendek. Lowe was the first African American named head coach of the Wolfpack. One of Lowe's trademarks as a coach was a red blazer he wore to significant games in honor of his former NC State coach, Jim Valvano.  In his first season at the helm of the NC State program, Lowe became just the third Wolfpack coach, after Everett Case and Press Maravich, to win 20 games and defeat the other three North Carolina institutions in the ACC (Duke, North Carolina and Wake Forest). He is one of only four NC State coaches to have coached in the ACC Championship game in their first year.  In spite of the early success, Lowe failed to lead NC State to the NCAA tournament, and his teams only made two appearances in the NIT. He had an overall winning record (86–78) after five years but only a 25–55 conference record. Lowe resigned as head coach of NC State, accepting a buyout of the last two years of his contract, on March 15, 2011. Later that year, he joined the Utah Jazz as an assistant.  At the beginning of the 2014–15 season, Lowe rejoined the Minnesota Timberwolves as an assistant for the next two years, being fired at the end of the 2015–16 season. On July 5, 2016, the Washington Wizards announced that Lowe had been hired as an assistant coach. Lowe was hired by the Detroit Pistons beginning the 2018-19 season. Lowe is married to Cass (Finley) Lowe.

Sidney Rochell Lowe (born January 21, 1960) is an American basketball former player and coach. He is currently an assistant coach for the Detroit Pistons of the National Basketball Association (NBA). Lowe played college basketball and served as the head coach at North Carolina State University.

Sidney Rochell Lowe (né le à Washington D.C.) est un ancien joueur professionnel américain de basket-ball ayant évolué au poste de meneur.


Club career.

Lincoln City.

Huckerby was born in Nottingham, England. His mother is of partial Georgian descent. Huckerby started playing professionally for Lincoln City in Football League Division Three. Huckerby was promoted to the first team at Sincil Bank by Keith Alexander, but also played under the stewardship of both Sam Ellis and Steve Wicks before being sold in 1995. He finished his spell with Lincoln having scored 5 goals in 28 league appearances.

Newcastle United.

Huckerby made a three division step up by signing for Premier League title contenders Newcastle United in a £400,000 deal in 1995. Despite being highly rated by the fans and pundits, Huckerby found first team chances severely limited, especially since manager Kevin Keegan decided to scrap the reserve team, in response to a requirement from the FA that a certain percentage of home reserve fixtures be played at St James' Park. Keegan believed that this would negatively affect the pitch condition, which was already in poor state. This of course meant that, with no reserve team football, Huckerby was not match fit for the majority of his time on Tyneside. Huckerby made only one appearance for the Magpies, before being loaned out to Millwall. Huckerby then joined Coventry City for £1 million in time for the start of the next season, signed by then City boss Gordon Strachan.

Coventry City.

The striker's pace and dribbling ability, combined with a very successful partnership with Dion Dublin saw Huckerby play a key role at Coventry. Huckerby and Dublin's partnership did not go unnoticed and earned Huckerby a call up to the England B squad, whilst Dublin managed call ups to the full squad, under Glenn Hoddle. Huckerby played a major role in Coventry's Premier League survival, culminating with a final day 2–1 win at Tottenham Hotspur in 1997. His success with the "Sky Blues" continued throughout the following season as Coventry enjoyed a ten-game unbeaten run and reached the quarter finals of the FA Cup, narrowly losing on penalties to Sheffield United. Huckerby scored several goals, most notably the winner in a 3–2 victory over Manchester United at Highfield Road, a dazzling run past a few defenders before slotting past Kevin Pilkington. He notched up 14 goals that season, his best Premier League return of goals.

Leeds United.

He was sold to Leeds United the following summer for a reputed £6 million. In his time at Elland Road, he scored two goals in 40 league games, both of which were against former club Coventry City and Watford. He had to compete for a place in the team with some players such as Mark Viduka, Alan Smith and Michael Bridges and as a result he was never a regular, although he did score against Partizan Belgrade in the 1999–2000 UEFA Cup, and in a 6–0 win against Beşiktaş in the 2000–01 Champions League. In all competitions, he scored six goals in total.

Manchester City.

Manchester City signed him in December 2000 for £3.38 million, as they attempted to avoid relegation. Although the club did eventually go down, he stayed on and won a First Division championship medal, adding 26 goals in all competitions during the campaign, including two hat-tricks.  Huckerby started the new campaign as first choice, and scored the team's first goal of the season, a header against former employer Newcastle that secured a 1–0 win. However, the arrivals of Nicolas Anelka and Jon Macken meant less playing time, and he eventually ended up playing out the end of the season on-loan to Nottingham Forest, being part of the team that reached the Division One playoffs in 2003.

Norwich City.

Huckerby spent a three-month loan spell with Norwich City, before signing permanently in December 2003, for a fee of £750,000, which rose to £1 million when "the Canaries" were promoted at the end of the season. At Norwich, Huckerby's career settled, and he netted 14 league goals in the First Division in the 2003–04 season. He was instrumental in Norwich's march to the First Division championship in 2003–04, and came second in the supporters vote for player of the season behind Craig Fleming.  Reverting to a left wing role for much of Norwich's Premier League spell in 2004–05, Huckerby scored seven goals. He was linked with a transfer to either Liverpool or Celtic the following summer, but spoke of his intention to see out his contract in East Anglia.  He was voted Norwich City player of the year by supporters in 2004–05 and 2006–07, and placed second behind Gary Doherty for the 2005–06 season, winning the award twice and adding two runner-up positions in his first four seasons. He was voted into the Norwich City Hall of Fame in 2004. On 13 April 2008, he played his 200th game for Norwich, in the East Anglian Derby against Ipswich Town.  On 4 May 2008, Huckerby scored in his final game for the club in a 4–1 defeat away at Sheffield Wednesday. Two days later, it was announced that his contract would not be renewed as he could not be guaranteed a place in the first team in the 2008–09 season. This upset fans who felt that Huckerby, a fan favourite, deserved a proper farewell. However, an opportunity was made with a special tribute at a 'Greatest Ever' event at Carrow Road held later in May.  In 2012, Huckerby returned to Carrow Road to play in Adam Drury's testimonial match against Celtic, coming on in the 76th minute showing his trademark bursts of pace and skill. Former Celtic and Norwich striker John Hartson who was co-commentating on Sentanta Sports claimed he looked fit and sharp enough still to be playing professionally.

San Jose Earthquakes.

Huckerby moved to the United States joining Major League Soccer club, San Jose Earthquakes in July 2008. MLS rules at the time dictated that Toronto FC owned the right to sign Huckerby. To acquire those rights, San Jose traded allocation money and use of an international roster slot for the 2008 through 2013 seasons to Toronto.  He made his debut on 19 July 2008 against Toronto, in a 0–0 draw, and scored his first goal against New York Red Bulls on 27 July. A video of sports anchor Gary Radnich interviewing Huckerby for American television channel KRON became popular on YouTube, with over 200,000 views. The segment included several amusing inaccuracies. These included describing the player as "from the Nor Folk team in the North East of England", proclaiming him to be a "Legend" several times, and claiming that he scored the "Greatest goal ever". KRON also showed a clip of him scoring against Birmingham City when in fact the anchor was referring to a goal scored against Manchester United. During his time with San Jose, Huckerby was often linked with a return to Norwich City, particularly after the manager who had released him at Norwich – Glenn Roeder – was sacked in January 2009, but he stayed at San Jose.  In a crucial match for the Earthquakes, on 3 August 2008, Huckerby scored his second goal, against Los Angeles Galaxy, in a 3–2 Earthquakes win. On 30 August, he headed in the winning goal in the side's 2–1 victory over Kansas City Wizards, extending San Jose's unbeaten streak to seven games. During this stretch, Huckerby notched three goals and three assists.  On 11 November 2008, it was announced that Huckerby had won the 2008 MLS Newcomer of the Year Award.  During the 2009 Major League Soccer season, Huckerby underwent surgery to eliminate his hip injury. However, on 16 September 2009, at age 33, Huckerby announced that he was '99% sure' of his retirement.

Masters Football.

After retiring from football in 2009, Huckerby returned to playing football in the Masters Tournament in June 2011 in which he scored 8 goals in the Yorkshire Masters for his old club Leeds United. In the Grand Masters final Huckerby added a further 6 goals to his tally, making him overall tournament golden boot winner with 14 goals. Leeds were overall runners up in the tournament, losing 8–3 to Rangers in the final.

Charity football.

On 14 April 2013, Huckerby played in a charity game at Lowestoft Town's Crown Meadow ground. He played for the ex professionals against a select eleven which included students from Lowestoft College.

Personal life.

Huckerby lives in Keswick, south Norfolk.

International career.

Huckerby made one appearance with the England B team in 1998.

Darren Carl Huckerby (born 23 April 1976) is an English former professional footballer. He is a former academy coach for the Under 16s at Premier League side Norwich City.

Darren Carl Huckerby, couramment appelé Darren Huckerby, est un footballeur anglais, né le à Nottingham. Évoluant au poste d'attaquant ou ailier, il est principalement connu pour ses saisons à Coventry City, Leeds United, Manchester City et surtout Norwich City.


Background.

Strategy.

In February 1943, General MacArthur had presented the US Joint Chiefs of Staff with his Elkton Plan for an advance on the Japanese stronghold of Rabaul. In this "scheme of manoeuvre" the penultimate stage was the capture of Kavieng, an important staging post for aircraft moving from Truk to Rabaul. The Allied occupation of Kavieng would cut this route and isolate Rabaul. The Allied victory in the Admiralty Islands campaign in March 1944 prompted the Joint Chiefs of Staff to consider accelerating the tempo of operations in the Pacific. They solicited opinions on the matter from the theatre commanders. On 5 March 1944, armed with detailed information about Japanese deployments and intentions as a result of the capture of Japanese cryptographic materials in the Battle of Sio, MacArthur recommended omitting the proposed attack on Hansa Bay in favor of moving further up the coast of New Guinea to Hollandia. As this would be out of range of his land-based aircraft, he proposed that aircraft carriers of Admiral Chester W. Nimitz' United States Pacific Fleet, which were to cover the Manus and Kavieng operations could provide air cover until land-based aircraft could be established ashore. Admiral Nimitz, in Washington DC for consultation, objected to this proposal to retain forces in the South West Pacific theatre after the capture of Kavieng, as it would disrupt his plans for upcoming operations in the Pacific Ocean theatre. The Joint War Plans Committee discussed these alternatives, and recommended to the Joint Chiefs that Hollandia be seized on 15 April, but that the Kavieng operation be canceled.  MacArthur's Chief of Staff, Lieutenant General Richard K. Sutherland, representing his commander before the Joint Chiefs, strenuously objected to the omission of Kavieng, which he believed could be captured on 1 April without delaying other operations. There was debate over how much of a threat the Japanese base at Kavieng was. Nimitz felt that as a result of the Battle of Eniwetok, Truk itself would soon be under constant attack and the flow of aircraft to Rabaul would be cut off. On 12 March, orders went out to MacArthur and Nimitz canceling Operation [Kavieng] and ordering them to "complete the isolation of the Rabaul-Kavieng area with the minimum commitment of forces". In the opinion of the commander of the South Pacific Area, Admiral William Halsey, Jr., "the geography of the area begged for another bypass". On receipt of orders from MacArthur revoking plans for Kavieng and ordering him to occupy Emirau, Halsey ordered the commander of the III Amphibious Force, Rear Admiral Theodore S. Wilkinson, to occupy Emirau on 20 March.

Geography.

Emirau (or Emira) is an island in the Bismarck Archipelago in the south eastern portion of the St. Matthias Islands, located from Mussau Island, the other principal island in the St. Matthias group, and from Kavieng. Emirau is about long and wide, hilly, and heavily wooded. Inland is a plateau. The climate is tropical, with high humidity and heavy rainfall. There is a small harbor, Hamburg Bay, on the north west coast. About 300 natives lived on the island; but all available intelligence indicated that the Japanese had not occupied the islands in any appreciable strength. Emirau was considered suitable for development as an airbase and base for PT boats. A photo reconnaissance mission on 16 March revealed no indication whatsoever of enemy activity or installations.

Preparations.

Halsey's message reached Wilkinson on Guadalcanal on 15 March, by which time ships were already loading for the Kavieng operation, which had originally been scheduled for 18 March. This operation was to have been carried out by Major General Roy S. Geiger's I Amphibious Corps, with the 40th Infantry Division and 3rd Marine Division, reinforced by the 4th Marines. For Emirau, Lieutenant Colonel Alan Shapley's 4th Marines would be sufficient, reinforced by Company C, 3rd Amphibian Tractor Battalion; Company A (Medium), 3rd Tank Battalion, equipped with M4 Sherman tanks; a company of pioneers from the 2nd Battalion, 19th Marines; signals, ordnance and motor transport detachments; and a composite anti-aircraft battery of the 14th Defense Battalion. This would be the first operation for the 4th Marines, which had been reformed on 1 February 1944 from four battalions of Marine Raiders, the original 4th Marines having been destroyed in the Battle of Corregidor. Commodore Lawrence F. Reifsnider was appointed to command the amphibious operation. Brigadier General Alfred H. Noble, the Assistant Division Commander of the 3d Marine Division would command the expeditionary troops. Noble, who was also slated to become island commander, was given a small staff created from I Amphibious Corps and 3rd Marine Division personnel. An air command was organized for Emirau under Colonel William L. McKittrick from the larger one intended for the Kavieng operation.  No opposition was expected on Emirau, but strong naval and air support was provided. A covering force under Rear Admiral Robert M. Griffin, consisting of the battleships,, and, accompanied by the escort carriers and, and 15 destroyers, carried out part of the original Kavieng plan—the bombardment of Kavieng and the surrounding area. In all, some 1,079 rounds of 14-inch and 12,281 rounds of 5-inch ammunition were fired. Unfortunately, the bombardment gave Rear Admiral Ryukichi Tamura the impression that the expected invasion by Allied forces was imminent and he gave the order to kill all the European prisoners in Kavieng. At least 25 of them were executed in the Kavieng Wharf Massacre, which later led to six of the perpetrators being sentenced for war crimes in 1947. Sentenced to death by hanging, Tamura was executed at Stanley Prison on 16 March 1948.

Operations.

The assault force left in two echelons. The Marines of the two assault battalions, the 1st and 2nd Battalions, 4th Marines, traveled on nine high speed transports (APDs) while the remainder of the force were on the dock landing ships (LSDs), and, and the attack transport (APA). One LSD carried the 66 LVTs for crossing Emirau's fringing reef, one carried three LCTs, two of them loaded with tanks, and the third carried three LCTs with radar sets and anti-aircraft guns. The attack group arrived in the transport area at 06:05 on 20 March. The LVTs were launched, and the assault troops transferred to the amphibious tractors using the APDs' boats, supplemented by those from "Callaway " while Vought F4U Corsairs of VMF-218 flew overhead to make a last-minute check of the island for any signs of the Japanese. The assault waves touched down on schedule. The reserve 3rd Battalion's boats grounded on the reef soon afterwards, and its marines waded ashore through knee deep water. The only problem encountered was with launching the LCTs carrying the tanks. The LSD's flooding mechanism failed and the LCTs had to be dragged out by a fleet tug. While the detachment sent to occupy Elomusao Island was approaching the beach, some supposed opposition caused the amphibious tractors and then a destroyer to open fire, and a man was wounded by a shell fragment. However, the natives informed the marines that the Japanese had left Emirau two months before and only a small detachment remained on Mussau Island. Supplies began landing at around 1100, first from the APDs and then from "Callaway". Some 3,727 troops and 844 tons of cargo were ashore were by nightfall, when the ships sailed. Within a month, some 18,000 men and 44,000 tons of supplies had been landed.  Intelligence reports indicated that there were Japanese fuel and ration dumps on Mussau, and a radio station on a nearby island, so on 23 March these areas were shelled by destroyers. On the 27th, a destroyer intercepted a large canoe carrying Japanese troops about south of Mussau. The Japanese soldiers replied with their rifles and machine guns, and the destroyer returned fire, destroying the canoe and killing the occupants. Thus ended the only fighting in the St. Matthias Group.

Base development.

Construction activities were taken in hand by the US Navy Seabees of the 18th Construction Regiment, which consisted of the 27th, 61st and 63rd Construction Battalions and the 17th Special Battalion, which arrived between 25 and 30 March, and the 77th Construction Battalion which arrived on 14 April. The 27th built a PT boat base, an LCT floating drydock and slipway, and roads. The 61st constructed housing, ammunition storage facilities, a runway, and some of the buildings at the PT boat base. It also handled sawmill operations. The 63rd assisted at the sawmill and worked on the roads, camps, harbor facilities, warehouses, magazines and avgas dumps. The 77th built taxiways, hardstands, aviation workshops and the avgas tank farm. The 88th worked on runways, roads, radar stations and a causeway at the eastern end of the island.  Two airfields were constructed, Inshore and North Cape. These were heavy bomber strips, long and wide. The former had parking for 210 fighters or light bombers; the latter for 84 heavy bombers. Both were fully equipped with towers, lighting, and a dispensary. The aviation tank farm consisted of three storage tanks and nineteen storage tanks, together with the appropriate filling and distribution points. A reserve of was stored in drums. Three hospitals were established, a 100-bed naval base hospital, the 160-bed 24th Army Field Hospital, and the 150-bed Acorn 7 Hospital. The anchorage at Hamburg Bay could accommodate up to five capital ships. Port facilities included eight cranes, of refrigerated space, and of covered storage. The port could handle of cargo per day. Connecting the various facilities was of coral-surfaced all-weather road. All this work was completed by August and Construction Battalion Maintenance Unit (CBMU) 502 assumed responsibility for maintenance work. All the construction battalions departed by December.

Garrison.

The 4th Marines were relieved as the garrison of Emirau by the 147th Infantry on 11 April 1944. The next day, Noble was replaced as island commander by a marine aviator, Major General James T. Moore, the Commanding General of the 1st Marine Aircraft Wing. In turn, the 147th Infantry was relieved as garrison by the 369th Infantry in June. In August, General MacArthur directed that responsibility for garrisoning Emirau would be transferred to the Australian Army. The Australian 8th Infantry Battalion arrived to take over the garrison role on Emirau on 30 September. They were met by a small ANGAU detachment that had been on the island since May. Marine Aircraft Group 12 operated from Emirau until December, when it moved to Leyte; its place was taken by squadrons of the RNZAF. On 20 March 1945, General MacArthur authorized a reduction in the garrison size to one company of the 8th Infantry Battalion. In June 1945, it too was withdrawn. CBMU 502 departed for Manus that month. The RNZAF maintained a bomber-reconnaissance squadron at Emirau until July 1945, and a fighter squadron until August, when all forces were withdrawn from the island.

The Landing on Emirau was the last of the series of operations that made up Operation Cartwheel, General Douglas MacArthur's strategy for the encirclement of the major Japanese base at Rabaul. A force of nearly 4,000 United States Marines landed on the island of Emirau on 20 March 1944. The island was not occupied by the Japanese and there was no fighting. It was developed into an airbase which formed the final link in the chain of bases surrounding Rabaul. The isolation of Rabaul permitted MacArthur to turn his attention westward and commence his drive along the north coast of New Guinea toward the Philippines.

Le débarquement sur Emirau désigne l'opération amphibie menée par les États-Unis sur Emirau le dans le cadre des opérations sur les îles de la mer de Bismarck durant la campagne de Nouvelle-Guinée pendant la Guerre du Pacifique. Cette opération avait pour objectifs d'établir sur l'île une base militaire et logistique mais aussi d'accroître l'isolement de la principale base japonaise dans la région établie sur Rabaul.


Biography.

Born François-Louis Croisnu, he was the son of Louis Croisnu, who adopted the name Crosnier, and Marie-Barbe Constantin, concierges of the Opera, who kept the post for over 35 years. François-Louis first married Françoise-Charlotte-Félix Berville Vallouy and in second nuptials, Marie-Joséphine Alcasar, who was the widow of Casimir-Anne-Marie Broussais, the son of François Broussais.  Early in life he became a playwright, whose plays were performed on the most important Parisian stages of the 19th century, including the Théâtre de la Porte-Saint-Martin, the Théâtre de la Gaîté, the Théâtre de l'Odéon, and the Théâtre de l'Ambigu-Comique. However, failing to achieve great success and acquiring a large fortune through marriage, he abandoned playwriting for other endeavours.  Chef de bataillon in the Garde nationale at Pantin, he became managing director of the Théâtre de la Porte-Saint-Martin (1830-1832), the Opéra-Comique (1834-1845) and the Opéra de Paris (1854-1856), and a politician, as conseiller général of the (1845-1867), président of the Conseil général (1849-1866), and député for the Loir-et-Cher in the Corps législatif (1852–1867).  He was very successful managing the Opéra-Comique, a theatre in full-blown financial crisis when he took over in 1834. He brought the theatre back to prosperity by staging a large number of successful works, among the most remarkable being "Lestocq" and "Le cheval de bronze" by Daniel Auber, "L'éclair" by Fromental Halévy, "Les chaperons blancs" by Auber, "Sarah" by Albert Grisar, the "Le postillon de Lonjumeau" by Adolphe Adam, "L'ambassadrice" and "Le domino noir" by Auber, "Le brasseur de Preston" by Adam, "La fille du régiment" by Gaetano Donizetti, and "Zanetta", "Les diamants de la couronne", "Le duc d'Olonne", and "La sirène" by Auber.  He died at Lisle, in the château de l'Épau, near Vendôme, the town where he was mayor, on 1 September 1867 (acte n° 4, vue 442/469 du registre) and is buried in the Montmartre Cemetery in a chapel of the 15th division, where he lies alongside his father and his two spouses.

François-Louis Crosnier (12 May 1792 - 1 September 1867) was a French theatre manager, politician, and playwright, who used the pen name Edmond Crosnier.

François-Louis Croisnu dit Edmond Crosnier ou Edmond en littérature, né à Versailles le et mort à Lisle, (Loir et Cher) le, est un auteur dramatique et homme politique français.


History.

In 1826, Ugolnaya Bay (lit. "coal bay"), upon which Beringovsky stands, was first entered by the Russian sloop "Senyavin" commanded by Fyodor Litke on a mission to map and explore the coast of the Bering Sea. In 1886, an expedition led by Captain A. A. Ostolopov on the clipper "Strelok" discovered thick layers of coal here. This coal was later used to power the visiting vessels and is the reason why the bay is so named. Geological studies for industrial development of this field began in 1933–1934 by the All-Union Arctic Institute, followed by and exploratory expedition by the Chief Directorate of the Northern Sea Route ("Glavsevmorput"). Following the discovery of coal, the first settlement was established here to serve the new Bukhtugol mine. In April 1957, Beringovsky District was created within Chukotka National Okrug with the administrative center in the settlement of Ugolny. Due to the establishment of Beringovsky District, Ugolny was renamed Beringovsky in 1966. In 1975, the settlement was moved to a place called Nagorny, which was then renamed Beringovsky to provide continuity for the administrative center. In the late 1990s, Beringovsky had a population of around 3,000 when all heating, water and electricity failed, creating an extremely serious situation in such a remote location. This problem was then further exacerbated by then-Governor Nazarov banning all outside reporters and researchers, both from Moscow and abroad from visiting the area as well as censoring outgoing mail and telegrams from the community. Following this incident, sources report that by 2002, under a program of resettlement designed by Roman Abramovich and run by "Regionstroy"—a private company established by the Okrug administration—nearly the whole of the population of Beringovsky had been resettled by late 2002. However, this does not seem to tally with the official census results for 2002. Thompson estimates the population of Beringovsky in the late 1990s as being around 3,000; however, 2002 Census results give a population of just under 2,000. Further confusion is added as Thompson specifically refers to Beringovsky as being "in the process of official liquidation". However, to date Beringovsky has neither been liquidated nor is it in the process of liquidation and is included in all the relevant legal documentation as an extant settlement on both municipal and administrative levels.

Administrative and municipal status.

Within the framework of administrative divisions, Beringovsky is directly subordinated to Anadyrsky District. As a municipal division, the urban-type settlement of Beringovsky is incorporated within Anadyrsky Municipal District as Beringovsky Urban Settlement.

Economy.

The economy of the settlement has traditionally been dominated by coal mining and the majority of the current residents are involved either in the mining itself or the administrative side of the mining business. As a result of this, the indigenous proportion of the population is comparatively low compared to other settlements in the autonomous okrug, numbering around 350 as of 2006.

Transportation.

Beringovsky has got the.  There is a sea port at Beringovsky, mainly used for the coal mined.  Beringovsky is not connected to any other inhabited locality by permanent roads.

Culture.

Like Uelen to the northeast, Beringovsky is well known as being a center for indigenous art, particularly whale bone carving.  The Bering dialect of the Aleut language is not directly connected with this settlement, though both the dialect's and the settlement's name are derived from Vitus Bering.

Climate.

Beringovsky has a tundra climate (Köppen "ET") with very cold, long winters and short, cool and damp summers.

Beringovsky (; Chukchi: ) is an urban locality (an urban-type settlement) in Anadyrsky District of Chukotka Autonomous Okrug, Russia, and a port on the Bering Sea. As of the 2010 Census, its population was 1,401.

Beringovski (en ) est une commune urbaine du district autonome de Tchoukotka, en Russie. Sa population était estimée à habitants en 2014.