History.

The Prime Minister of India declared the government's intention to upgrade Coimbatore Airport to International status in a meeting with senior ministers on 6 June 2012 and the Union Cabinet granted it the status of international airport on 2 October 2012.

Infrastructure.

The airport has one runway that is in length extended from to accommodate larger aircraft. In 2008, the airport was expanded at a cost of with aero bridges, parking bays and Instrument Landing System (ILS). In 2010, new domestic and international divisions were added to the already existing common terminal.  The airport has a parking management system with a capacity to accommodate nearly 300 cars. There are two hangars in the airport; one provides housing for the planes of Coimbatore Flying Club, the other provides shelter for private carriers.  The further proposed expansion of the airport includes extension of runway to to accommodate larger aircraft such as the Boeing 787 and construction of a parallel taxiway to the runway to minimize runway occupancy time and turnaround time of aircraft. Construction of two additional parking bays and two new aerobridges are presently underway.

Connectivity.

The airport is located on Avinashi Road about from the central bus station. Frequent bus services are available from Gandhipuram central bus station and also from other auxiliary bus stations at Singanallur and Ukkadam. The airport is from the major railway station, Coimbatore Junction and the nearest rail stations are at Singanallur and Peelamedu. Cab services, call taxis and auto rickshaws provide 24 hours commuting services to the airport.

Coimbatore International Airport is the primary airport serving the city of Coimbatore in Tamil Nadu. It is located within the city at Peelamedu, about from the center of the city. It is the 18th busiest airport in India for passengers handled, 18th busiest for total aircraft movement and 15th busiest for cargo handled. This airport is second largest airport in the state for Terminal Area, runway length, aircraft movement, passenger traffic and cargo after Chennai International Airport in Tamil Nadu. The airport is served by five Indian and three foreign carriers providing direct connectivity to 12 domestic and 3 International destinations.

L'aéroport international de Coimbatore est un aéroport desservant la ville de Coimbatore dans le sud de l'Inde. Il est situé à, à du centre-ville. Auparavant appelé Aérodrome Civil de Peelamedu, c'est le le plus fréquenté du pays.


Plot.

John Smith (Christian Slater) is down on his luck. His girlfriend left him for a doctor. He headed to an Indian Reservation casino only to have his wallet stolen by a hooker. His money was in a security wallet though, so he enters an Elvis Impersonation contest and loses but then proceeds to play cards with four other Elvis impersonators: The Winner Elvis (Gary Oldman), Gay Elvis (Chris Kattan), Little Person Elvis (Tony Cox), and Asian Elvis (Anthony Brandon Wong). They beat him at cards enough times to bankrupt him and then he dozes off. He is later awakened by casino security guards who think he stole a priceless ancient Native American mask.  It turns out that the owner of the casino "The Chief" (Gordon Tootoosis) had the ancient Native mask in a saferoom and now it's gone and witnesses saw an Elvis impersonator steal it, so John becomes the prime suspect. The two Native security guards (Michael and Eddie Spears) figure John didn't take it but they still decide to kill him while they hunt for the real culprit, presumably Winner Elvis. The Chief says he will pay $1,000,000 for its return. The last thing John sees is them opening the trunk of his car, then writing down Elvis's address, then they knock him out.  Meanwhile, we get introduced to a hitwoman known as "The Blonde" (Helena Mattsson) who quotes Edgar Allan Poe before killing her victims. She confronts Gay Elvis and asks where the mask is. He tells her he doesn't have it. She kills him and leaves one of John Smith's credit cards on his corpse (apparently she is allied with John's wallet thief).  John regains consciousness and is still in the trunk of the car. He escapes and finds the Native security guards shot dead. He gets Winner Elvis's address and goes to his house. When he gets there, he meets Elvis's neighbor Cindy (Megan Park). They realize the mask isn't there, but they find Asian Elvis's address and decide to go to his house. Before they leave, they are almost shot to death by another hitman "The Cowboy" (Jeff Fahey) and his sidekick Mo (Danny James). As they escape, John suggests calling the sheriff only to have Cindy explain that there are two sheriffs (Dane Cook and Sam Trammell) and both are corrupt. One is on The Chief's payroll and the other is on The Rancher's payroll. They also encounter "The Rancher" (Powers Boothe). He explains that he hired the Elvises to steal the mask because he used to have it. It is revealed through a flashback that back in the 1980s, a family consisting of a father, mother, and son were working for the rancher and transporting the mask. They reached a train station only to get ambushed by Natives who killed the family and took back the mask. Now he wants it back and will pay $1,000,000 to whoever gets it.  They leave and go to Asian Elvis's house. He tries to kill them before getting tomahawked to death by another hitman "The Indian" (Matt Willig). They escape and head back to Elvis's house only to have Little Man Elvis show up with a gun asking them where the mask is. Before he can shoot them, The Blonde shows up and kills Little Man Elvis. As they are leaving, they run into The Sheriffs who arrest John for Little Man Elvis's murder. However, Cindy posts bail and he is released. But the Sheriffs know that John knows more than he's letting on so they follow him.  Meanwhile, Winner Elvis is on the way to delivering the mask only to have his car break down. He hikes a long way and gets to a bus stop. As he boards the bus, The Blonde enters and shoots him. As he is dying he whispers something to The Blonde and she smiles broadly. The bus driver is on the phone with someone and The Blonde deduces that he is in cahoots with The Rancher and The Chief playing both sides. She kills him as well.  Later, John, Cindy, and The Sheriffs make it to the bus. They see Elvis and the bus driver's bodies inside the bus and written on them is "Bring the mask and John Smith to Station 12". Station 12 is the same station where the family was killed in the 80s. As they're leaving, The Cowboy and Mo show up and reveal that The Cowboy is a fast sharpshooter who killed the two Indian security guards earlier in the film. As The Sheriffs are drawing their guns, The Cowboy kills them both. Then The Indian shows up and tomahawks The Cowboy and Mo before they can get a shot off. The Indian accompanies them to Station 12.  As they show up, The Rancher and The Chief also show up each holding a briefcase with $1,000,000. At this point, Cindy reveals that she is The Rancher's daughter and was following John to make sure he would find the mask for her father. The Blonde comes out and instructs them to hand their briefcases to John and he enters the station alone. The Indian has a better idea and runs in with his tomahawk to kill The Blonde. The Indian then tries to attack The Blonde, but she blocks all of his attacks. She then kicks him several times, knocking him out. Then The Blonde shoots The Indian and kills him. She re-emerges and repeats her instructions promising more deaths if they don't comply.  John takes the briefcases and enters the station. As he enters, he and The Blonde embrace. They are scamming everybody.  It turns out that the family that was killed in the 1980s were John Smith's parents. They had an Indian servant who hid John in the floorboard of the station and told the Indians that he was dead too. The servant was part of a rival Native tribe "The Hopi". The mask really belonged to her tribe and The Chief stole it from her.  The Blonde is the girlfriend who left John Smith at the beginning of the movie because she realized she liked women. However, she knew what happened to John's family so she stuck around long enough to assist him. Also, when John told her she would get one of the briefcases, that enticed her further.  John and The Blonde emerge from the station and tell The Rancher and The Chief why they are doing this. Also, she tells them that Elvis destroyed the mask when he realized he wouldn't be able to sell it. That was what he said to her before dying.  John tells The Rancher and The Chief that he's keeping one briefcase because of what they did to his family. The Blonde tells them she will return and kill them if they try to retaliate. Then she leaves with the other briefcase on a motorcycle driven by the woman who stole John's wallet. She is actually the doctor that The Blonde left him for posing as a hooker.  At this point, he finds Elvis's car and repairs it and drives it. It only broke down before because he sabotaged it in a way that could be repaired. Also, he actually tried to steal the mask earlier in the film, but Elvis caught him doing it and knocked him out and took it for himself.  It turns out the Indian servant was in on the scam too. The mask wasn't really destroyed. John returns it to her since her tribe rightfully owns it. Elvis actually told The Blonde "Elvis has left the building" before dying. She just lied about his last words.  And finally, it is revealed that his name isn't even John Smith. Someone he bumped into at the beginning of the movie is really John Smith and he pickpocketed him.

Production.

The film was first announced on June 17, 2010. Some of the filming occurred in Utah. On July 8, 2010, Megan Park was confirmed to have joined the cast.  On July 13, 2010, it was confirmed that Chris Kattan and Helena Mattsson had joined that cast. On July 14, 2010, Jeff Fahey was announced to have joined the cast.  Principal photography began on July 6, 2010.  The film is not rated. However, on Dish TV, it's rated NC17.

Release.

The film was released on DVD in North America on January 8, 2013.

Guns, Girls and Gambling is a 2012 American action comedy thriller film written and directed by Michael Winnick. The film stars an ensemble cast, which includes Gary Oldman, Christian Slater, Megan Park, Helena Mattsson, Tony Cox, Chris Kattan, Powers Boothe, Michael and Eddie Spears, and Jeff Fahey.

Des belles, des balles et des brutes ("Guns, Girls and Gambling") est un film américain écrit et réalisé par Michael Winnick, sorti en 2012.


Service pattern.

The line has a reciprocal through service with the Hokushin Kyuko Electric Railway; all trains run between either or and, stopping at every station. During rush hours, additional trains run between Shin-Kobe and.

History.

On October 15, 1971, a railway license was issued to the Kobe Municipal Transportation Bureau to build a subway line linking the Myōdani district to the Shin-Kobe Shinkansen station; construction on the first segment of that line began on November 25 of that year. The first segment of the subway (between Shin-Nagata and Myodani, known as the Seishin Line) opened on March 13, 1977; a second segment of the line (between Shin-Nagata and Okurayama, known as the Yamate Line) opened on February 17, 1982. The line was extended to Shin-Kobe on June 18, 1985; a western extension to Gakuen-toshi (from Myodani) opened that same day. On March 18, 1987, the final segment of the subway line opened between Gakuen-toshi and Seishin-chūō.  The Hokushin Kyuko Electric Railway opened on April 2, 1988, providing service between Tanigami and Shin-Kobe. An infill station () opened in between Seishin-chūō and Ikawadani stations on March 20, 1993, expanding the line to a total of 16 stations. On January 17, 1995, the subway line was shut down due to damage caused by the Great Hanshin earthquake; the line resumed operation with limited service between Seishin-chūō and Itayado the following day, along with the entirety of the Hokushin Kyuko line. Limited service was resumed across the entire line on February 16, and full service was restored in March 1995 after repairs were completed, albeit with speed restrictions remaining in place until July 21 of that year.  The subway began to accept the Surotto Kansai smart card in October 1999; it would start accepting PiTaPa in October 2006.  Women-only cars began to be used on the subway line from December 16, 2002. Currently, one car heading in the direction of Seishin-chūō (car number 4) is reserved for women only; the restriction applies throughout the entire day.

Rolling stock.

All trains are based at Tanigami and Myōdani Depots.  A fleet of new trains (known as the 6000 series) is to be introduced on the line between fiscal 2018 and 2022; these trains will replace all existing trains on the line. Built by Kawasaki Heavy Industries, the design of the new trains will be overseen by Ken Okuyama Design.

The, also known as the "U-Line", is one of two lines of Kobe Municipal Subway that links the central district and suburbs of Kobe. The line color is green.

La est une ligne du métro de Kobe au Japon. Elle relie la station de Shin-Kobe à celle de Seishin-Chūō. Longue de, elle traverse Kobe en passant par les arrondissements de Chūō, Hyōgo, Nagata, Suma et Nishi. Sur les cartes, la ligne est identifiée avec la lettre S et sa couleur est verte.


Career.

Wang started relatively late in her fencing career. She was fourteen years old when she started fencing. Wang competed at the 1987 World University Games and placed 2nd in the women's foil team event. She also represented China at the 1989, 1990, and 1991 World Championships, placing 6th, 3rd, and 6th respectively in women's foil team. At the 1990 Asian Games, she won gold in the women's foil team event. She went on the represent China at the 1992 Summer Olympics in Barcelona and won silver in individual women's foil. She also represented China at the 1996 Summer Olympics in Atlanta and finished 29th. She competed at the 1998 Asian Games and finished 2nd in women's foil team and 5th in individual women's foil. After competing in several national and international events for China, she moved to the U.S. and became a coach. The first club she taught at was in Las Vegas, NV at Red Rock Fencing Center. She currently coaches at Gold Fencing Club in Waltham, Massachusetts which she founded in 2013.

Coaching career.

Huifeng Wang has taught at Red Rock Fencing Center in Las Vegas, NV and Moe Wen Fencing Club in Somerville, MA and she currently coaches at the Gold Fencing Club in Waltham, MA (formerly known as Huifeng Wang Fencing Club) which she founded in 2013.  Wang's students have won a total of at least a dozen medals in National Championships and North American Cups in both men's and women's foil. Her students have received countless medals in local and regional tournaments, and many are national finalists and/or nationally ranked in youth, cadet, junior, and senior US national point standings.

Wang Huifeng (Chinese: 王会凤, born 24 January 1968) is a female Chinese fencer. She competed at the 1992 Barcelona Olympic Games, and won a silver medal in women's individual foil event.

Wang Huifeng (mandarin : 王会凤), née le à Tianjin, est une escrimeuse chinoise pratiquant le fleuret, médaillée d'argent aux Jeux olympiques d'été de 1992 à Barcelone.


Club career.

In December 2014, Bright signed with Chelsea ahead of the 2015 season. Chelsea assistant manager Paul Green said of the signing, "Millie is a great character and a young player who is hungry to develop and improve her game. She has a lot of experience for a 21-year-old and has already played a lot of games in the FA WSL and knows what the league is all about. She will add strength and physicality to the squad and I’m sure that she will prove to be a good addition to this talented group of players as we look to build on last season’s achievements." Chelsea finished in first place during the regular season with a record and qualified for the 2016–17 UEFA Women's Champions League for the second time in the team's history. Bright made fourteen appearances for Chelsea during the 2015 season tallying a total of 906 minutes.

International career.

Bright has represented England on numerous youth national teams, including the under-23 squad. In June 2016, she scored a penalty kick goal against the United States during the final game of the Nordic Cup. National coach Mark Sampson gave her a first cap for the senior England national team in September 2016, as a last-minute substitute in a 2–0 win over Belgium.  In February 2019, Bright pulled out of the England squad for the SheBelieves Cup due to injury, and was replaced by Gemma Bonner.  In May 2019, Bright was selected for that year's World Cup. She played 2 of the 3 group matches as well as in the Round of 16, Quarter Final and Semi Final. She was sent off in the 2–1 semifinal loss to the United States after receiving a second yellow card.

Honours.

Doncaster  Chelsea  Individual

Millie Bright (born 21 August 1993) is an English footballer who plays as a defender for Chelsea and the England national team.

Millie Bright, née le à Killamarsh en Angleterre, est une footballeuse anglaise qui joue défenseur à Chelsea et en équipe d'Angleterre.


Life.

Origin and the palace coups of 944.

Marianos was the eldest son of the general Leo Argyros, active in the first decades of the 10th century. He had a brother, Romanos Argyros, who in 921 married Agathe, a daughter of Emperor Romanos I Lekapenos (r. 920–944). The Argyroi therefore were counted among the firmest supporters of the Lekapenos regime. Romanos Lekapenos had risen to power in 919 as regent over the young Constantine VII Porphyrogennetos (r. 913–959), whom he married to his daughter Helena. By December 920, his position had become so unassailable that he was crowned senior emperor. To consolidate his hold on power, and possibly aiming to supplant the ruling Macedonian dynasty with his own family, Romanos raised his eldest son Christopher to co-emperor in 921, while the younger sons Stephen and Constantine were proclaimed co-emperors in 924. Christopher died in 931, and as Constantine VII remained sidelined, Stephen and Constantine assumed an increased prominence, although formally they still ranked after their brother-in-law in the college of emperors. However, in 943, the elderly Romanos drafted a will which would leave Constantine VII as the senior emperor following his death. This greatly upset his two sons, who started planning to seize power through a coup d'état, with Stephen apparently the ringleader and Constantine a rather reluctant partner.  It is in this context that Marianos Argyros is first mentioned in December 944. At the time, he was a monk, and a confidant of Stephen Lekapenos. According to the 11th-century historian John Skylitzes, he had earlier been honoured and trusted by Romanos, but Marianos nevertheless supported the coup of the Lekapenoi brothers on 20 December, which successfully deposed their father and exiled him to a monastery on the island of Prote. A few weeks later, however, with the support of the populace, Constantine VII managed to sideline the Lekapenoi, who joined their father in exile. It appears that Marianos had changed sides in time, for he participated in the arrest of the Lekapenoi. As a reward, Constantine VII, now sole ruler, freed him of his monastic vows and raised him to the rank of "patrikios" and the post of Count of the Stable. His abandonment of the monastic habit earned him the nickname "Apambas" or "Apabbas" (), whose etymology is unclear.

Command in southern Italy.

Marianos then disappears from the scene until he was sent at the head of troops from the themes of Macedonia and Thrace in an expedition to southern Italy, dated by modern scholars to 955. A rebellion that had broken out in the local Byzantine themes of Langobardia and Calabria, involving also the imperial vassal city-state of Naples. The Byzantine expeditionary force encircled and besieged Naples, until the city surrendered. Marianos then took over the governance of the Byzantine provinces of Italy: in 956, he is attested as "strategos" (governor) of Calabria and Langobardia in a charter of privilege for the monastery of Monte Cassino. At about the same time, following a Fatimid raid on Almeria, war had broken out between the Fatimids and the Umayyad Caliphate of Cordoba. Fatimid sources report that the Umayyads proposed joint action with Byzantium, but Marianos appears to have been focused on suppressing the rebellion rather than engaging in war with the Fatimids. Byzantine envoys even went to the Fatimid caliph, al-Mu'izz, and offered to renew and extend the existing truce. Al-Mu'izz however, determined to expose the Umayyads' collaboration with the infidel enemy and emulate the achievements of his father, refused.  The Caliph dispatched new forces to Sicily under Ammar ibn Ali al-Kalbi and his brother al-Hasan ibn Ali al-Kalbi. In spring/summer 956, the Fatimid fleet clashed with and defeated the Byzantine fleet in two battles in the Straits of Messina, followed by Fatimid raids on the Calabrian coast. In the aftermath of these raids, Marianos travelled to the Fatimid court in person, and sought a truce in exchange for the resumption of a payment of tribute and the annual release of prisoners of war taken in the East. Al-Mu'izz agreed to these terms, but warfare resumed soon after, when the Byzantine admiral Basil destroyed the mosque built by the Fatimids at Rhegion and raided Termini. Marianos therefore returned to the Fatimid court in a second embassy in 957, going first through Sicily, where he apparently delivered to the local Fatimid governor, Ahmad ibn al-Hasan al-Kalbi, the agreed tribute. During the reception by al-Mu'izz, Marianos presented a letter by Constantine VII confirming the terms agreed during the first embassy, but this time al-Mu'izz rejected the terms. As a result of the breakdown in these negotiations, Constantine VII sent a massive expedition to Italy under admirals Krambeas and Moroleon, while Marianos commanded the land troops. The Fatimids under the Kalbid brothers al-Hasan and Ammar were victorious over Marianos, but following the arrival of the Byzantine reinforcements the Fatimid fleet left Calabria, only to suffer a shipwreck on its return to Sicily. Marianos is no longer mentioned in Italy after that, although he may have led a third embassy to al-Mu'izz in September 958, which led to the conclusion of a five-year truce between the two powers.

Command in the Balkans and death.

In ca. 959/961, he defeated a raid by the Magyars into Thrace, taking many of them prisoner. In connection with this operation, Theophanes Continuatus refers to him as ""monostrategos" of the theme of Macedonia and "katepano" of the West", a position equivalent to that of the Domestic of the Schools of the West, in command of all the "western" (European) troops. It is unclear, however, whether this means a permanent appointment or was an "ad hoc" position, i.e. as "strategos" of Macedonia and temporary overall commander of detachments from the other European themes. The latter is more likely, as it is documented that Leo Phokas the Younger held the post of Domestic of the West, but was fighting against the Arabs in the east at the time. On 15 March 963, Emperor Romanos II (r. 959–963) unexpectedly died, leaving his young sons Basil II and Constantine VIII as emperors. The powerful general Nikephoros Phokas (the brother of Leo) decided to seize the throne for himself, but was opposed by the "parakoimomenos" and guardian of the young emperors, Joseph Bringas. Seeking support, Bringas offered Marianos the high command in the east and potentially even the throne if he would aid him. Marianos first suggested trying to win over Nikephoros Phokas' popular nephew and lieutenant, the "strategos" of the Anatolics John Tzimiskes. The latter not only refused, however, but took his letter straight to his uncle, who summoned his armies to Caesarea and had them proclaim him emperor in early summer. As Phokas' army advanced across Asia Minor on Constantinople, Marianos then tried to stage a coup in Constantinople with men of the Macedonian regiments and armed prisoners of war. This move was opposed by the populace, however, resulting in clashes in the streets. The populace became especially enraged when Marianos tried to forcibly remove the Phokades' elderly father, Bardas, from the Hagia Sophia where he had sought sanctuary, on 15 August. Marianos was reportedly hit on the head by a platter, thrown by a woman from a nearby house roof. Mortally wounded, he died on the next day. Phokas' supporters rapidly prevailed thereafter. Bringas was forced to flee himself to the Hagia Sophia, and on 16 August Nikephoros Phokas was crowned senior emperor as guardian of Basil and Constantine.

Marianos Argyros (, ) was a Byzantine aristocrat and member of the Argyros family. A monk, in 944 he supported the assumption of sole rule by Constantine VII, and was allowed to leave the monastery and enter imperial service. He held a succession of senior military commands, fighting in southern Italy against local rebels and the Fatimids, and in the Balkans against the Magyars. In 963, he tried to oppose the takeover of the imperial throne by the general Nikephoros Phokas by assuming control over Constantinople and arresting his father, Bardas Phokas the Elder. During the ensuing clashes, he was hit on the head by a platter, and died on the next day, 16 August 963.

Marianos Argyre (en grec : Μαριανός Ἀργυρός) est un aristocrate byzantin et un membre de la famille des Argyre. En 944, il est moine et soutient l'arrivée de Constantin VII comme seul empereur. Il est alors autorisé à quitter son monastère pour rentrer au service de l'empereur. Il détient alors plusieurs commandements militaires importants, combattant contre des rebelles locaux en Italie du Sud, contre les Fatimides et dans les Balkans contre les Hongrois. En 963, il tente de s'opposer à l'ascension sur le trône du général Nicéphore Phocas en prenant le contrôle de Constantinople et en arrêtant son père, Bardas Phocas l'Ancien. Au cours de la bataille qui s'ensuit, il est frappé à la tête et meurt le lendemain, le.


Pungthang Dewachen Gi Phodrang.

Pungthang Dewachen Phodrang (Palace of Great Happiness) or Punakha Dzong was constructed by Tuebi Zaow Balip under the great command of Zhabdrung Ngawang Namgyal in 1637 and believed to have been completed in a two year time period. It is also the country's most beautiful Dzong. It is the winter residence of Bhutan's Central Monastic Body led by the Je Khenpo. The Dzong houses the most sacred relics of the Southern Drukpa Kagyu school including the Rangjung Kasarpani, and the sacred remains of Zhabdrung Ngawang Namgyal and Tertön Padma Lingpa.  In 1907, Punakha Dzong was the site of the coronation of Ugyen Wangchuck as the first King of Bhutan. Three years later, a treaty was signed at Punakha whereby the British agreed not to interfere in Bhutanese internal affairs and Bhutan allowed Britain to direct its foreign affairs.  In 1987, the dzong was partially destroyed by fire.  Due to its location at the confluence of the Pho Chhu and Mo Chhu rivers in the Punakha-Wangdue valley, the dzong is vulnerable to flash flooding caused by glacier lakes (GLOF). According to a recent report, flash flood damage to Punakha Dzong occurred in 1957, 1960 and 1994. Currently (March 2010) work is in progress to protect the dzong from future flood damage by deepening the river channels and raising the embankments using four large steam shovels.  A covered wooden cantilever bridge crossing the Mo Chhu river was built together with the Dzong in the 17th century. This bridge was washed away by a flash flood in 1957 or 1958. In 2006 work started on a new covered wooden cantilever bridge of traditional construction with a free span of 55 meters which was completed in 2008 with the help from the Germans.

Ritsha Village.

Punakha valley is famous in Bhutan for rice farming. Both red and white rice are grown along the river valley of Pho and Mo Chu, two of the most prominent rivers in Bhutan. Ritsha (meaning at the base of a hill) is a typical village in Punakha. The village houses are made of pounded mud with stone foundations. Each house is only two stories high. Surrounding the houses are the gardens and the rice fields. The gardens also usually have fruit-bearing plants like oranges and papaya among the organic vegetables. The village is 1km away from Punakha-Gasa high-way and currently, the villagers are engaged in constructing the 1km farm road. In recent years, the farming work is mechanized and power-tillers instead of bullocks are used to plough the fields and villagers have become relatively prosperous. This village is often called the ‘rice bowl’ of Bhutan due to abundance of red and white rice.

Punakha () is the administrative centre of Punakha dzongkhag, one of the 20 districts of Bhutan. Punakha was the capital of Bhutan and the seat of government until 1955, when the capital was moved to Thimphu. It is about 72 km away from Thimphu, and it takes about 3 hours by car from the capital, Thimphu. Unlike Thimphu, it is quite warm in winter and hot in summer. It is located at an elevation of 1,200 metres above sea level, and rice is grown as the main crop along the river valleys of two main rivers of Bhutan, the Pho Chu and Mo Chu. Dzongkha is widely spoken in this district.

Punakha est une ville du Bhoutan, localisée dans le district également appelé district de Punakha. Punakha a été la capitale du Bhoutan et le siège du gouvernement jusqu'en 1955.


Origins.

In accordance with Article 9 of the North Atlantic Treaty and the guidance given by the Working Group on the North Atlantic Treaty Organization during the first Council session in Washington in 1949, the Defence Committee rapidly established the Military Committee. During its few sessions held behind closed doors in Washington, the Military Committee gave policy guidance on military matters to the Standing Group, and advice on military questions to the Defence Committee and other bodies, and it recommended military measures for the unified defence of the North Atlantic region to the Defence Committee. The Military Committee was directly subordinate to the Defence Committee, and each member nation was represented by its chief of staff or a deputy. Iceland, which had no military forces, was represented by a civilian. Each member state in turn held the Chair of the Military Committee for one year (C1 D-1/2, DC 1/2).  Two other groups which also sat in Washington came directly under the Military Committee:

Appointment.

The Chairman of the Military Committee is elected from among the NATO Chiefs of Defence and appointed for a three-year term of office. He must have served as Chief of defence – or an equivalent capacity – in his own country and is traditionally a non-US officer of four-star rank or national equivalent.  The Chairman of the Military Committee chairs all meetings and acts in an international capacity. In his absence, the Deputy Chairman of the Military Committee takes the chair. The current Chairman is United Kingdom Air Chief Marshal Stuart Peach.

List.

Since the formation of NATO, its Military Chairmen have been:

The Chairman of the NATO Military Committee (CMC) is the head of the NATO Military Committee, which advises the North Atlantic Council (NAC) on military policy and strategy. He is the senior military spokesman of the 30-nation alliance and principal advisor to the Secretary General. The Chairman is one of the foremost officials of NATO, next to the Secretary General and the Supreme Allied Commander Europe. He is assisted by the Deputy Chairman, who advises the Deputy Secretary General and serves as the principal agent for coordination of nuclear, biological, and chemical matters for the Military Committee.

Le président du comité militaire de l'OTAN ("Chairman of the NATO Military Committee's", CMC) dirige le comité militaire de l'OTAN chargé de définir les orientations militaires de l'OTAN et de conseiller le Conseil de l'Atlantique nord sur les questions militaires.


Early life.

Borrow was born at East Dereham, Norfolk, the son of an army recruiting officer, Thomas Borrow (1758–1824) and farmer's daughter, Ann Perfrement (1772–1858). His father, a lieutenant with the West Norfolk Militia, was quartered at the prisoner-of-war camp at Norman Cross from July 1811 to April 1813 and George spent his ninth and tenth years in the barracks there. He was educated at the Royal High School of Edinburgh and Norwich Grammar School.  Borrow studied law, but languages and literature became his main interests. In 1825, he began his first major European journey, walking in France and Germany. Over the next few years he visited Russia, Portugal, Spain and Morocco, acquainting himself with the people and languages of countries he visited. After his marriage on 23 April 1840, he settled in Lowestoft, Suffolk, but continued to travel inside and outside the UK.

Borrow in Ireland.

Having a military father, Borrow grew up at various army posts. In the autumn of 1815, he accompanied the regiment to Clonmel in Ireland, where he attended the Protestant Academy and learned to read Latin and Greek "from a nice old clergyman". He was also introduced to the Irish language by a fellow student named Murtagh, who tutored him in return for a pack of playing cards. In keeping with the political friction of the time, he learned to sing "the glorious tune 'Croppies Lie Down'" at the military barracks. He was introduced to horsemanship and learned to ride without a saddle. The regiment moved to Templemore early in 1816, and Borrow began ranging around the country on foot and later on horseback.  After less than a year in Ireland, the regiment returned to Norwich. As the threat of war receded, the strength of the unit was greatly reduced.

Early career.

Because of his precocious linguistic skills, Borrow as a youth became the protégé of the Norwich-born scholar William Taylor, whom he depicted in his autobiographical novel "Lavengro" (1851) as an advocate of German Romantic literature. Recollecting his youth in Norwich some thirty years earlier, Borrow depicted an old man (Taylor) and a young man (Borrow) discussing the merits of German literature, including Johann Wolfgang von Goethe's "The Sorrows of Young Werther". Taylor confessed himself to be no admirer of either "The Sorrows of Young Werther" or its author, but he stated, "It is good to be a German [for] the Germans are the most philosophical people in the world."  With Taylor's encouragement, Borrow embarked on his first translation, Friedrich Maximilian Klinger's version of the Faust legend, entitled "Faustus, his Life, Death and Descent into Hell", first published in St Petersburg in 1791. In his translation, Borrow altered the name of one city, so making one passage of the legend read:  They found the people of the place modelled after so unsightly a pattern, with such ugly figures and flat features that the devil owned he had never seen them equalled, except by the inhabitants of an English town, called Norwich, when dressed in their Sunday's best.  For this lampooning of Norwich society, the Norwich public subscription library burned his first publication.

Russian visit.

As a linguist adept at acquiring new languages, Borrow informed the British and Foreign Bible Society, "I possess some acquaintance with the Russian, being able to read without much difficulty any printed Russian book."  He left Norwich for St Petersburg on 13 August 1833. Borrow was charged by the Bible Society with supervising a translation of the Bible into Manchu. As a traveller, he was overwhelmed by the beauty of St Petersburg: "Notwithstanding I have previously heard and read much of the beauty and magnificence of the Russian capital... There can be no doubt that it is the finest City in Europe, being pre-eminent for the grandeur of its public edifices and the length and regularity of its streets."  During his two-year stay in Russia, Borrow called upon the writer Alexander Pushkin, who was out on a social visit. He left two copies of his translations of Pushkin's literary works and later Pushkin expressed regret at not meeting him.  Borrow described the Russian people as "the best-natured kindest people in the world, and though they do not know as much as the English, they have not the fiendish, spiteful dispositions, and if you go amongst them and speak their language, however badly, they would go through fire and water to do you a kindness."  Borrow had a lifelong empathy with nomadic people such as Gypsies, especially Gypsy music, dance and customs. He became so familiar with the Romany language as to publish a dictionary of it. In the summer of 1835, he visited Russian gypsies camped outside Moscow. His impressions formed part of the opening chapter of his "The Zincali: or an account of the Gypsies of Spain" (1841).  With his mission of supervising a Manchu translation of the Bible completed, Borrow returned to Norwich in September 1835. In his report to the Bible Society he wrote: I quitted that country, and am compelled to acknowledge, with regret. I went thither prejudiced against that country, the government and the people; the first is much more agreeable than is generally supposed; the second is seemingly the best adapted for so vast an empire; and the third, even the lowest classes, are in general kind, hospitable, and benevolent.

Spanish mission.

Such was Borrow's success that on 11 November 1835 he set off for Spain, once more as a Bible Society agent. Borrow said that he stayed in Spain for nearly five years. His reminiscences of Spain were the basis of his travelogue "The Bible in Spain" (1843). He wrote: [T]he huge population of Madrid, with the exception of a sprinkling of foreigners... is strictly Spanish, though a considerable portion are not natives of the place. Here are no colonies of Germans, as at Saint Petersburg; no English factories, as at Lisbon; no multitudes of insolent Yankees lounging through the streets, as at the Havannah, with an air which seems to say, the land is our own whenever we choose to take it; but a population which, however strange or wild, and composed of various elements, is Spanish, and will remain so as long as the city itself shall exist.

Later life.

In 1840 Borrow's career with the British and Foreign Bible Society came to an end, and he married Mary Clarke, a widow with a grown-up daughter called Henrietta, and a small estate at Oulton Broad in Lowestoft, Suffolk. There Borrow began to write his books. "The Zincali" (1841) was moderately successful and "The Bible in Spain" (1843) was a huge success, making Borrow a celebrity overnight, but the eagerly awaited "Lavengro" (1851) and "The Romany Rye" (1857) puzzled many readers, who were not sure how much was fact and how much fiction – a question debated to this day. Borrow made one more overseas journey, across Europe to Istanbul in 1844, but the rest of his travels were in the UK: long walking tours in Scotland, Wales, Ireland, Cornwall and the Isle of Man. Of these, only the Welsh tour yielded a book, "Wild Wales" (1862).  Borrow's restlessness, perhaps, led to the family, which had lived in Great Yarmouth, Norfolk, in the 1850s, moving to London in the 1860s. Borrow visited the Romanichal Gypsy encampments in Wandsworth and Battersea, and wrote one more book, "Romano Lavo-Lil, a wordbook of the Anglo-Romany dialect" (1874). Mary Borrow died in 1869, and in 1874 he returned to Lowestoft, where he was later joined by his stepdaughter Henrietta and her husband, who looked after him until his death there on 26 July 1881. He is buried with his wife in Brompton Cemetery, London.  Borrow was said to be a man of striking appearance and deeply original character. Although he failed to find critical acclaim in his lifetime, modern reviewers often praise his eccentric and cheerful style – "one of the most unusual people to have written in English in the last two hundred years" according to one.

Memorials.

In 1913, the Lord Mayor of Norwich bought Borrow's house in Willow Lane. It was renamed Borrow House, presented to the City of Norwich, and for many years open to the public as the Borrow Museum. The museum eventually closed and the house was sold in 1994, but the funds went to establish a George Borrow Trust that aims to promote Borrow's works. There are blue plaques marking his residences, at 22 Hereford Square, South Kensington, Fjaerland Hotel, Trafalgar Road, Great Yarmouth, and the former museum in Willow Lane, Norwich. In December 2011, a plaque was unveiled on a house, 16, Calle Santiago, Madrid, where he lived from 1836 to 1840. George Borrow Road, a residential crescent in the west of Norwich, is named after him. There is a "George Borrow Hotel" in Ponterwyd near Aberystwyth. A pub in Dereham is named "The Romany Rye" after one of his principle works.

George Henry Borrow (5 July 1803 – 26 July 1881) was an English writer of novels and of travel books based on his own experiences in Europe. During his travels, he developed a close affinity with the Romani people of Europe, who figure prominently in his work. His best-known books are "The Bible in Spain", and the novels "Lavengro" and "The Romany Rye" recalling his time with the English "Romanichal" (Gypsies).

George Borrow de son nom complet George Henry Borrow, né le à East Dereham, en Angleterre et mort le à Lowestoft, dans le même pays, est un écrivain britannique, auteur de récits de voyages. Ses ouvrages sont basés sur ses expériences en Europe.


History.

In 1957, some of the barrios of the municipality of Bansalan namely Kibao, San Vicente, Kibuaya, Managa Km. 67, Sinawilan, New Visayas, Sacub, Upper Malabang, Tibongbong, Sinaragan, Maliit Digos, Kapok, Tamlangon, Manga, Buas, New Katipunan, Da-Anama, Upper Kauswagan, Kagaulas, Kabasagan, Tuwak, Mal, Latian, Lanturi, Dongan-Pekong, La Union, Kauswagan, and Paitan were grouped and constituted into a new and independent municipality known as Matanao.  Matanao means a place or something to see or witness at a vantage point. In the earlier days, the place was known as “Matin-aw”, a term used to mean clear. The name is derived from the crystal clear brooks and rivers that abound in the area. No one could exactly tell how, when and why “Matin-aw” became Matanao.  In 1920, long before Matanao was formally created into a municipality, Buas had already existed (representing Matanao) as a barangay of Santa Cruz inhabited by tribal minorities, the Blaans ("Bilaan") with Datu Edu Gamban as their recognized leader. In 1927, migrants from the Visayas led by the late Rosendo Javelona and his family came to the place. Protestantism was spread by one Pastor Diamonon through the Javelonas. Ranchers also invaded the place and have for themselves large homesteads. Ten years later, sometime in 1937, scores of Cebuanos came. Among them were Roman Albarracin, Pablo Chavez and Crispin Puerto and their kins. The next batch of Cebuanos came in 1940′s including the Famor Clan. The clan introduced Catholicism in the area and a chapel was built giving honor to the present patron Saint Senor San Miguel, the Archangel.  Countless batches of migrants flocked to the place and various cultural influences account for what Matanao is today. The people of the municipality is a blend of Cebuanos, Ilongos, Bicolanos, Boholanos, Ilocanos, Zamboanguenos, Tagalogs, Blaans, Calagans and Bagobos, Babel of dialects was experienced by the people in the place, but Cebuano came out to be the dominating dialect, thus, becoming the mother tongue of the municipality until the present time.

Geography.

Matanao is located in the province of Davao Del Sur in Region XI Davao Region on Mindanao Island. The municipality Matanao is about west-south-west of province capital City Of Digos and about south-south-east of Philippine main capital Manila.

Climate.

Hot and humid most of the year. May to November is typhoon season. The mean annual temperature of the municipality is between. The annual rainfall ranges from. The coldest part of the year is usually during the month of December to February and the hottest month are April and May. Rainfall distribution is more or less even during the year.

Barangays.

Matanao is politically subdivided into 33 barangays. The poblacion forms the center of the municipality whereas the other 32 are in the outlying areas which several kilometers away from the town.

Economy.

Although predominantly a rice farming municipality, Matanao is a growing area for banana cultivation. Cavendish and Lakatan banana plantations are now being established in barangays Manga, Dongan-Pekong and Saboy.

', officially the ', is a in the province of,. According to the, it has a population of people.

Matanao est une municipalité des Philippines située au sud-ouest de la province de Davao du Sud, sur l'île de Mindanao. Elle est limitrophe de la municipalité de Columbio (province de Sultan Kudarat).


Education.

Born at Kingston College, at Hessle, Yorkshire on 28 May 1857, he was the eldest son of Rev. Charles Voysey, a Church of England priest who was deprived of his living in 1871 for his heterodox views. The family moved to London where his father founded the Theistic Church. Voysey was educated by his father, then briefly at Dulwich College.  In 1874 Voysey was articled for five years to the architect J. P. Seddon, with whom he subsequently remained a further year as chief assistant. From Seddon Voysey learnt the 'Gothic' principles of design first propounded by A. W. N. Pugin: elevations should grow naturally out of the requirements of the plan and only 'honest' construction should be used. Seddon and Voysey both believed in following these principles of design without slavishly copying Gothic styles. But, however freely Seddon interpreted the Gothic styles, his work remained discernibly Gothic, whereas Voysey’s mature work eliminated all trace of period styles. Voysey followed Seddon in believing, like Pugin, that it was the business of an architect to make designs not only for buildings but also for the allied crafts.  In 1879 Voysey spent a brief period as assistant to the architect Henry Saxon Snell (1830–1904), and from 1880 to 1881 he worked as an assistant in the office of George Devey, who was a follower of his father's Theistic Church. There he gained valuable site experience, and would have encountered Devey's skill as a watercolourist and his considerable knowledge of English vernacular architecture. In 1881 or early 1882 Voysey set up his own practice in London.

Design.

Voysey's designs in the field of applied art included furniture, wallpapers, fabrics, carpets, tiles, metalwork, ceramics and graphic design. Sometimes he designed artefacts specially for his own buildings, and sometimes he sold designs to manufacturers for wider use.  Voysey's development as a furniture designer corresponded to his development as an architect, and by c.1895 he had evolved a definitive personal style. His furniture conformed, with a few exceptions, to this style until 1910, when he began to introduce greater elaboration, including Gothic motifs, into his designs. The simple elegance of Voysey's furniture from the period 1895–1910 was achieved by relying on the innate beauty of high quality materials, especially unpolished oak, and by eschewing complicated decoration in favour of a careful balance of the vertical and horizontal elements in a design.  The vertical elements were often emphasised by tapering the vertical supports from a square to an octagonal section and by carrying corner supports up above the functionally necessary height; the horizontal elements were often emphasised by simply moulded cornices, by circular caps on the tops of corner supports (a motif borrowed from Arthur Heygate Mackmurdo) and by long strap-hinges made of unpolished bronze.  Voysey was a distinguished designer of flat patterns for wallpapers, fabrics, carpets and tiles. It was Mackmurdo who first introduced him to the techniques of wallpaper design, and some of Voysey's early pattern designs incorporated more restrained versions of the swirling motifs beloved by Mackmurdo and the Century guild of artists. Voysey sold his first wallpaper design in 1883; by the late 1880s his reputation as a wallpaper designer was established at home and abroad, and he was still selling pattern designs in 1930. His career as a pattern designer was thus longer and more prolific than his career as an architect. But it was also complementary to his architectural career, because selling patterns supplemented his income in the lean years of his architectural practice, before c. 1895 and after c. 1910. Many of Voysey's pattern designs rely for their effect on rhythmically contrasted shapes consisting of areas of flat, clear colour, usually bounded by dark or pale outlines. This is in the tradition of oriental design praised by Victorian reformers of design, such as Owen Jones and Matthew Digby Wyatt. In Voysey's work stylised natural forms, especially plants and birds, often represent the positive shapes, and areas of background form the contrasting negative shapes. This skilful juxtaposition can also be seen in his handling of the solids and voids in his designs for two-dimensional metalwork, such as ventilator grilles and hinges. Some of Voysey's pattern designs after c. 1900 consist of motifs placed in comparative isolation against a light ground. The use of scale is arbitrary, giving an effect of naive charm reminiscent of medieval illuminations and tapestries. The later designs are generally smaller and more delicately coloured than the designs of the 1880s and 1890s.  At the suggestion of his friend A. H. Mackmurdo, Voysey began designing wallpapers in 1883 under contract for Jeffrey & Co while waiting for architectural commissions to come in. He joined the Art-Workers' Guild in 1884, and displayed both printed textiles and wallpapers at the inaugural Arts and Crafts Exhibition Society show at the New Gallery in 1888. In 1893 he began designing wallpapers for Essex & Co., for whom he executed several hundred patterns.  Distinct stages can be identified in Voysey's wallpaper and textile designs. His earliest works, through the late 1880s, have historically-influenced traditional repeats. By the mid-1890s, he was creating his most characteristic and original designs, flowing patterns in pastel colourways with flattened silhouettes of birds, florals, and hearts. Designs were used for both wallpaper and textiles, which were often executed as wool double cloths for furnishing.  Typical patterns of this period include "The Saladin" wallpaper, 1897 and "The Owl" jacquard-woven woollen textile, 1898. From 1910 onwards, his patterns became more narrative, with isolated motifs, and were often meant for the nursery. The "Alice in Wonderland" furnishing fabric, c.1920, is typical of this phase. His last recorded wallpaper commission was dated 1930.  In 1896, "The Studio" confirmed Voysey's place in the decorative arts, writing "Now a 'Voysey wall-paper' sounds almost as familiar as a 'Morris chintz' or a 'Liberty silk'." Voysey also designed for Donegal Carpets and many other firms over a fifty-year career in design.

Architectural work.

Voysey's first design was for a house at Loughton for Octavius Dixie Deacon. A house was erected on the site, but whether it bore any relation to Voysey's design is not known. By 1894 Voysey had moved his practice to Melina Place, St John's Wood, London, next door to the influential Arts and Crafts architect Edward Schroeder Prior, resulting in the development of a long term friendship and exchange of ideas between the two men.  Voysey's architectural practice began slowly, with small alterations and surveys; a number of unexecuted designs from these early years were published and reveal the influence of both Seddon and Devey. In 1888 he obtained his first architectural commission, for The Cottage (addition by Voysey, 1900) at Bishop's Itchington, Warwicks. The Cottage was built of thin, buttressed brickwork, roughcast and painted cream.  This form of construction was chosen by Voysey because it was cheap, but in his hands it became an aesthetic end in itself, as he skilfully juxtaposed the solid and void, light and shadow, of the clean-cut forms. Other 19th-century architects, including Devey, had built country cottages in a simple vernacular style with whitened roughcast for estate workers, parsons and schoolmasters. For 1888, The Cottage was unusual not only for being entirely roughcast but also for its simplicity and informality, which were revolutionary in a gentleman's house.  Walnut Tree Farm (1890) at Castlemorton, near Malvern, Worcestershire, and a house at Bedford Park (1891), Chiswick, west London, have certain novel features that became characteristic of Voysey's designs. Walnut Tree Farm shows for the first time the lively colouring that was to become typical of his houses: whitened roughcast, bright green exterior woodwork, oversize, bright green water-butts, bright green tubs of bay trees and bright red curtains at the windows. At Bedford Park the innovation consisted in very simplified classical or Queen Anne details, a slate roof and practical metal frames and stone surrounds of the windows.  In 1893 Voysey obtained his first commission for a relatively expensive house, Perrycroft, at Colwall, near Malvern. From then until 1910 Voysey received a steady stream of architectural commissions; most were simple, white country or suburban houses with low, spreading lines, for which he became famous. He introduced some mannered, even eccentric, classical detailing into two fairly expensive houses in Surrey, designed in 1897: New Place, near Haslemere, and Norney, near Shackleford. But there was a return to simplicity at Broad Leys and Moorcrag, the lakeside houses near Windermere that he designed in 1898.  Between 1900 and 1910 Voysey obtained a series of commissions that gave him the opportunity to design complete houses, including every detail of the interiors, not only fixtures, but also movable furniture, carpets, curtains and wall coverings. The Orchard, Chorleywood, Herts, designed for himself and his wife in 1899, was the first such house. In 1901 came The Pastures at North Luffenham, Rutland; in 1905 Holly Mount, near Beaconsfield, Bucks, and The Homestead at Frinton-on-Sea, Essex.  An interior design carried out in London was Garden Corner (1906) on the Chelsea Embankment. In the typical Voysey interior the low ceilings and deep friezes were white; the woodwork was unpolished oak, if possible, or cheaper deal painted white. Colours in furnishings, tiled fireplaces and wall and floor coverings were soft and light, for example delicate greens and heathery purples, with a few bright accents of red and turquoise. There was no clutter in a Voysey interior: furniture was sparse and the use of pattern in wallpapers, carpets and metalwork was sparing.  From c. 1910 Voysey’s architectural practice declined, largely because he was out of sympathy with the new fashion for classical forms. He reacted against this by introducing details of Gothic origin into his work. In 1909 he used a pointed arch in the porch of Brooke End at Henley-in-Arden, Warwickshire, and in the same year he built a miniature courtyard house in Tudor Gothic style at Combe Down, near Bath. Unexecuted designs of 1914 for larger houses have eccentric courtyard plans, pointed arches, crenellations and towers.  Voysey obtained commissions only occasionally for buildings other than country or suburban houses, but when he did he displayed considerable versatility. On the restricted site of his Bedford Park house he abandoned his usual horizontal planning and built a ‘tower house’. The two brick-faced terrace houses (1891) that he built in Hans Road, Knightsbridge, London, display great ingenuity in the arrangement of plan and section. The Sanderson wallpaper factory (1902) in Chiswick is severely functional in form and faced with white-glazed bricks. However, for the fitting out of the offices of the Essex and Suffolk Equitable Insurance Company (designed 1906–9), Capel House, New Broad Street, London, he considered a degree of expensive decoration to be appropriate.  Voysey designed every detail of his houses, including the furniture. His houses were inspired by English vernacular sources of the 16th and early 17th centuries, featuring white roughcast walls with horizontal ribbon windows and huge pitched roofs, and used rough plaster, slate and other materials typical of English farmhouses.  Examples of his completed architectural works are: Perrycroft, Colwall, Herefordshire 1893; Annesley Lodge, Hampstead, London, 1896; An artist's cottage (14 South Parade), Chiswick, London C.1890; Merlshanger (later Greyfriars), Hog's Back, Puttenham near Guildford, 1896; Norney, Shackleford, 1897; Spade House, Sandgate, Kent (the home of the writer H.G. Wells); Voysey House (a Sanderson's wallpaper factory, building now offices), Chiswick 1902; The Pastures, North Luffenham, Rutland 1903; The Orchard, Chorleywood, 1900, which he designed for himself; Voysey Garden, Emslie Horniman's Pleasance, North Kensington, 1914 is a public garden designed by Voysey. Voysey designed the Malvern Wells War Memorial in Malvern Wells, Worcestershire. It was unveiled in 1920 and is topped by a sculpture of a pelican.  There are several examples of Voysey's design near Bowness-on-Windermere, Cumbria, with roughcast walls and massive rendered stacks on sweeping slate roofs. Architectural historian Nikolaus Pevsner greatly admired the Orchard and identified Broad Leys as Voysey's masterpiece, seeing in them seeds of the modernist movement.  In fact, Voysey himself, who was Master of the Art-Workers Guild in 1924, had a strong dislike of modern architecture, and was irritated by Pevsner's identification of his work with the movement.  Broad Leys (1898-1900) is now the headquarters of the Windermere Motor Boat Racing Club, and featured in the film "The French Lieutenant's Woman". It is the only Voysey house open for the public to stay in.  Voysey died in Winchester in 1941.

Legacy.

Voysey was influenced by the work of William Morris, the Arts and Crafts Movement and Art Nouveau, and was concerned with form and function rather than ornamental complexities. He felt that "simplicity in decoration is one of the essential qualities without which no true richness is possible" and often worked in a limited colour palette, "emphasizing outline, eliminating shading, and minimizing detail."  His furniture designs were simple and functional, and only sparingly decorated. He particularly advocated that wood should be left with its natural finish, contrary to the popular techniques which covered wood with paint and stain. He eschewed the complexities identified with late Victorian design.  Many modest houses built in Britain in the 1920s and 1930s were inspired by Voysey's simple vernacular country houses, although Voysey himself built no houses after 1918.  The Victoria and Albert Museum has an extensive collection of Voysey's work, including design drawings, fabrics, carpets, and wallpapers. Architects influenced by C. F. Voysey include Jan Kotera who was a leading Czech architect.  2011 saw the formation of The C.F.A. Voysey Society, dedicated to his life and work.

Charles Francis Annesley Voysey (28 May 1857 – 12 February 1941) was an English architect and furniture and textile designer. Voysey's early work was as a designer of wallpapers, fabrics and furnishings in a simple Arts and Crafts style, but he is renowned as the architect of several country houses.

Charles Francis Annesley Voysey dit « C. F. A. Voysey » (1857-1941) est un architecte, un artiste décorateur et designer anglais. S'inscrivant dans la mouvance de l'Arts & Crafts et de William Morris, il fut l'un des premiers à comprendre l'importance du design industriel. Comme architecte, il est considéré comme l'un des pionniers du modernisme.


St. Augustine's University (Raleigh, North Carolina)

History.

Founded in 1867 as Saint Augustine's Normal School, the name of the school changed to Saint Augustine's School in 1893 and Saint Augustine's Junior College in 1919, when it began offering college-level coursework. It began offering coursework leading to a four-year degree in 1927 and changed its name to Saint Augustine's College one year later with the first baccalaureate degrees awarded in 1931. In 2012, the institution again expanded its focus and changed its name to St. Augustine's University.  In April 2014, in the midst of what "The Chronicle of Higher Education" characterized as "significant turmoil" and "" described as "financial problems...stemming from a loss in enrollment and revenue", the university's board of trustees fired university president Dianne Boardley Suber one month prior to her planned retirement. At the same time, the board reinstated two senior employees that Suber had recently fired. Suber had led the university for nearly 15 years.  Dr. Everett Ward was appointed President in 2015 after serving as interim President since 2014. Gaddis Faulcon was named interim president in 2019.

Radio and television stations.

Saint Augustine's University was the nation's first historically black college to have its own on-campus commercial radio and television stations (WAUG 750 AM, WAUG-TV 8, and Time Warner cable channel 10). It is one of two schools in the Raleigh/Durham area to offer a degree in film production.

Honorary degree for Robert Mugabe.

Of the 5 colleges in the Western world which have awarded honorary degrees to controversial Zimbabwean president Robert Mugabe, Saint Augustine's College is one of only 2 which has not revoked the award (in this case, a Legum Doctor).

2011 social media controversy.

In 2011, the university barred a student from participation in the 2011 commencement exercises because of a negative comment he had made on the College's Facebook page. Shortly thereafter, the student initiated a lawsuit against the College in North Carolina State Court which was later settled out of court.

2013 summer camp employees controversy.

In the summer of 2013, local news affiliates reported that two convicted murderers had been hired by the university to work for a children's summer camp. Although the university defended the employees as "exemplary employees and productive members of the community", the university reassigned them.

Campus.

The school's size is of historic land in an Urban setting and large city (250,000 – 499,999), just minutes away from downtown. The main area of the campus is approximately of land housing the following facilities:  Emery Gymnasium, George "Pup" Williams Track & Field Stadium, Penick Hall of Math & Sciences, Charles Mosee Building (Office of Academic Affairs), Delany Hall (Office of Financial Aid & Admissions), Martin Luther King, Jr. Reception Center, Joseph C. Gordan Health & Science Center, The Prezell R. Robinson Library, Cheshire Building (Division of Business), Tuttle Hall of Military Sciences, St. Agnes Hospital, Goold Hall Student Union, Charles H. Boyer Administration Building (Office of the President), Hunter Administration Bldg., Hermitage Faculty Bldg., Benson Bldg. of Technology, Seby Jones Fine Arts Center, and The Historic Chapel.

Student enrollment.

In recent years, the university's annual enrollment has approximated 800-1000 students, about half from North Carolina, the remainder from 37 states, the District of Columbia, the U.S. Virgin Islands, Jamaica, and 30 foreign countries. Its faculty consists of nearly 100 people.

Student activities.

Gateway Program.

The mission of "The Gateway Lifelong Learning Program" is to offer non-traditional, continuing and alternative academic educational opportunities for adult learners. The Gateway Program is designed to give working, non-traditional and community college transfer students an option to pursue a degree and/or personal/professional development. These academic programs address the learning needs of employed adults who prefer an educational delivery system that is participatory and experientially related to the workplace. An example of an educational program consistent with the lifelong learning philosophy is the Organizational Management (OM) major, which is offered through the university's Gateway Program. This unique program offers an ideal alternative academic opportunity for the employed adult to complete the Bachelor of Science degree in an accelerated format while attending classes during the evening each week.

Athletics.

Saint Augustine's competes in NCAA Division II in the Central Intercollegiate Athletic Association. Varsity sports include:

Saint Augustine's University is a private historically black college in Raleigh, North Carolina. It was founded by Episcopal clergy in 1867 for the education of freed slaves.

L'université Saint Augustine's (en anglais : "Saint Augustine's University") est une université privée historiquement noire de Caroline du Nord, État du Sud des États-Unis.


Biography.

Solomon was born in the New York City borough of the Bronx. His father's death in 1939 had a profoundly negative effect on his early life. Solomon later said of the time, "I drifted into indiscipline and intellectual adventure that eventually became complete confusion." Graduating from high school at fifteen, Solomon then went to the City College of New York (CCNY) for a short time before joining the United States Maritime Service in 1944. In his travels overseas, Solomon became exposed to Surrealism and Dada, ideas that would inspire him throughout his life. In Paris, he witnessed Antonin Artaud give a screaming poetry reading—this so impressed him that he would remain a disciple of Artaud for much of his life. It was shortly after this period that Carl Solomon was voluntarily institutionalized, a gesture he made as a Dadaist symbol of defeat.  Solomon first met Beat poet Allen Ginsberg in the waiting room of New York State Psychiatric Institute. Ginsberg later dedicated his poem "Howl" to Solomon. The poem's third section uses the refrain "I'm with you in Rockland", a different institution that Solomon never attended. Solomon had many complaints about Allen and about Howl, including the fact that he was, by his own account "never in Rockland" and that the third section of the poem "garbles history completely". The reference to Rockland appears to be a poetic fabrication. Ginsberg likely used the name because it was more appropriate and emphatic than "New York State Hospital", or "Pilgrim" Pilgrim Psychiatric Center, another psychiatric hospital that Solomon was admitted to.. The first section of the poem immortalizes a few of Solomon's personal exploits, such as the line, "...who threw potato salad at CCNY lecturers on Dadaism and subsequently presented themselves on the granite steps of the madhouse with shaven heads and harlequin speech of suicide, demanding instantaneous lobotomy."  It was at Ginsberg's insistence that William S. Burroughs' first novel, "Junkie", was published by Ace Books. Solomon's uncle, A. A. Wyn, was the owner of Ace Books, a purveyor of pulp fiction and non-fiction paperbacks. Solomon worked for Ace and was responsible for the Publisher's Note from the first printing of "Junkie", as well as the Introduction to the 1964 reprinting.  One of Solomon's best-known pieces of writing is "Report from the Asylum: Afterthoughts of a Shock Patient". It is an account of the shock-therapy treatment used to treat patients in asylums, drawn directly from personal experience. It was written with Antonin Artaud somewhat in mind because he had received the same treatment himself when he was unjustly institutionalized by the French government. This piece was included in the 50th-anniversary "Howl" facsimile, as part of an appendix.  In the late 1960s, Solomon published two chapbooks of prose poems with Mary Beach's "Beach Books, Texts & Documents", distributed by City Lights Books: "Mishaps, Perhaps" (1966) and "More Mishaps" (1968). "Emergency Messages" (published in 1989), features selections from the two books, along with some of Solomon's other autobiographical, critical and poetic writings. During his life, Solomon was also a frequent contributor to "New Directions Annual", "American Book Review", and "The New Leader".

Carl Solomon (March 30, 1928 – February 26, 1993) was an American writer. One of Solomon's best-known pieces of writing is "Report from the Asylum: Afterthoughts of a Shock Patient".

Carl Solomon, né le dans le Bronx à New York et mort le, est un écrivain américain. L'un de ses textes les plus connus est "Report from the Asylum: Afterthoughts of a Shock Patient".


Early life.

Pyke's father, Lionel Edward Pyke, was a Jewish lawyer who died when Pyke was only five, leaving his family with no money. His mother quarrelled with relatives and made life "hell" for her children. She sent Pyke to Wellington, then a public school mainly for the sons of Army officers. At his mother's insistence, Pyke maintained the dress and habits of an Orthodox Jew. He became an atheist when he was thirteen. The persecution he suffered instilled in him a hatred of and contempt for "The Establishment". After two years at Wellington, he was withdrawn, tutored privately and then admitted to Pembroke College, Cambridge to study law.

First World War.

At the outbreak of the First World War, Pyke quit his studies to become a war correspondent. He persuaded the editor of the Daily Chronicle to send him to Berlin using the passport obtained from an American sailor by travelling via Denmark. In Germany, he conversed with local Germans, and eavesdropped on other people's conversations, witnessing the mobilisation of Germans for war with Russia.  In early October, 1914, after six days in Germany, Pyke was arrested in his bed-sitting room, and was taken away leaving a letter written in English on his desk. Confined to a small cell in solitary confinement, he believed that he might not be executed after all; remarking that "the German government was not going to waste 4d on my keep if it was going to be faced with burial expenses on the fifth day". During captivity, he reflected on hunger:  During confinement, Pyke longed for books, writing material and socialising. When allowed out for exercise, he moved around the yard and exchanged words with other inmates. He pieced together poems from memory – "If" by Rudyard Kipling and "Jabberwocky" by Lewis Carroll – and recited them loudly in the darkness. During this time, Pyke questioned his sanity.  In January 1915, he was transferred to another prison where he was able to mix with other prisoners and buy newspapers, learning that thousands of foreigners had passed through this prison for a period of quarantine before being transferred to the internment camp at Ruhleben. Five days later, he was transferred to a third prison in Moabit, and then to the internment camp at Ruhleben.  At Ruhleben, Pyke met fellow graduates from Oxford and Cambridge. They supplied him with extra clothes, food, books and other amenities. Pyke soon became ill and he nearly died of double pneumonia and food poisoning, but recovered in summer. Despite illness, he thought about the possibility of escape and repeatedly questioned fellow inmates. Most were pessimistic about escape, but an Englishman, Edward Falk, agreed despite the low success rate of other attempts. Pyke compiled statistical data on previous escapes, and together with Falk, made a decision to escape, following a regime of calisthenic exercise to prepare. On the afternoon of 9 July 1915, Pyke and Falk crept into a hut and hid under tennis nets, using glare from the sunset to blind the patrolling guard, successful, they waited until dark and climbed over the perimeter fences.  Pyke and Falk took a tram into Berlin, buying clothes and camping equipment and then traveled west. Within of the Dutch border, they decided to walk, traversing barbed wire fences and quagmire. Approaching the border, they consumed what remained of their food and discarded their equipment apart from some rope made from string, deciding to cross the Dutch frontier. As they rested, they were discovered by a soldier and tried to talk their way out of the encounter, only to discover the soldier was Dutch and they were already inside the Netherlands. From here, made their way to England. Pyke visited his news editor to confess that his mission had failed. However, the editor told Pyke that the story of his escape, based on a long telegraph report Pyke had sent from Amsterdam, had become one of the biggest Fleet Street scoops of the war. Pyke was the first Englishman to get into Germany and out again, and he was encouraged to write a series of articles for the "Chronicle". Pyke refused, citing lost interest in being a war correspondent. He divided his time between lecturing on his experiences and writing for the Cambridge Magazine, edited by Charles Kay Ogden.  Pyke arranged for some food parcels to be sent to friends in Ruhleben; the boxes contained details of his method of escape concealed in false bottoms. Although his parcels arrived, no prisoner attempted to repeat his methods. As an escaped prisoner of war, he was exempt from conscription and his views had begun to drift towards pacifism. He wrote a memoir of his experiences, "To Ruhleben – And Back", and published in 1916. Because the war was still on at that time, Pyke omitted some details of his escape from his account. "To Ruhleben – And Back" was republished in 2002. In March 1918, Pyke met Margaret Amy Chubb, they were married within three months of meeting.

Between the wars.

Malting House School.

Between the First and Second World Wars, Pyke attempted a number of money-making schemes, speculating on the commodity market, using his own system of financial management and working through a number of different stockbrokers to avoid attention and higher stock broking charges. The Pykes had a son, David Pyke (1921–2001), and Pyke became preoccupied by the question of his son's education. In October 1924, to create an education that differed from his own and promoted curiosity whilst equipping young people to live in the twentieth century, he set up an infants' school in his Cambridge home. His wife, Margaret, was a strong supporter of the school and its ideas. Pyke recruited a psychologist, Susan Sutherland Isaacs, to run the school, and although Pyke had many original ideas regarding education, he promised her that he would not interfere.  Pyke continued with his city speculations which funded the Malting House School. The Malting House School was based on the theories of the American philosopher and educationist John Dewey. It fostered the individual development of children; children were given great freedom and were supported rather than punished. The teachers were seen as observers of the children, who were seen as research workers. For a short time, The Maltings was a critical if not a commercial success; it was visited by many educationists and it was the subject of a film documentary. Pyke had ambitious plans for the school and began to interfere with the day-to-day running, whereupon Susan Isaacs left The Maltings.  In 1927, Pyke lost all his money and became bankrupt. The Malting House School was forced to close, Margaret Pyke had to take a job as a headmistress's secretary; she left Geoffrey although they were never divorced. Already suffering from periodic fits of depression and burdened with huge debts to his brokers, he withdrew from normal life altogether and survived on donations from close friends.

Work against antisemitism.

In 1934, Pyke was opposed the wave of antisemitism in Nazi Germany, citing humanitarian reasons. Pyke campaigned for Christian leaders to make simultaneous public statements condemning the Nazis, raising money to set up an organisation to combat anti-Semitism. He wrote a number of magazine articles on the irrationality of prejudice and started work on a book. In his published letters and articles, Pyke insisted that it was necessary to collect data and this struck a chord with other thinkers who would - giving full credit for the germ of an idea to Pyke - go on to establish the Mass Observation project that set out to document the lives of ordinary Britons.

Voluntary Industrial Aid for Spain.

During the Spanish civil war, Pyke founded the Voluntary Industrial Aid for Spain (VIAS) organisation, encouraging individuals with little money to contribute their time and skills instead. This was opposed by trade unionists who believed that unpaid work might set a dangerous precedent, but Pyke persisted. By October 1938, twenty-five vehicles had been sent to Spain including two mobile blood transfusion units, and by the end of the war, more than seventy vehicles had been contributed. Organised by Trade Unions, workers were, with the assistance of sympathetic employers who lent the use of machines and premises, able to produce useful items of equipment. Pyke also invented a motorcycle sidecar to carry medical supplies or a patient. He raised funds to pay for American-built Harley-Davidson motorcycles that were then plentifully available second-hand, and persuaded workers to make the sidecars free of charge with the results being sent out to Spain.  Pyke also assisted in arranging for the manufacture of mattresses for the Spanish government, for the collection of redundant horse-drawn ploughs for Spanish farmers, and bundles of hand-tools for use by labourers. He published aggressive propaganda brochures pointing out that British workers were not to consider their contributions a form of charity while Spanish people were fighting and dying for their fellow workers. To answer a shortage of bandages and dressings in Spain, he suggested that sun-dried peat moss sewn into muslin bags could be used as a substitute for cotton dressings. Soon, moss collected by volunteers in Britain was on its way to Spain.

Second World War.

Spying on Nazi Germany.

In 1939, before the outbreak of the Second World War, Pyke considered the problem of finding out what the German people actually thought of the Nazi regime. His idea was to perform an opinion poll in secret by sending volunteers to Germany to interview ordinary people. He would train the volunteers personally. The plan was that the interviewers should pose as golfers on a tour of Germany and that interviews should be informal, with the questions being inserted into everyday conversation; the first German city to be targeted would be Frankfurt. Pyke travelled to Frankfurt where he met Peter Raleigh. Raleigh suggested that there were enough of Pyke's golfers in Germany to challenge the Frankfurt golf club to a match. Pyke concluded that this would be an excellent idea, and put this new plan into action.  By 21 August, Pyke had ten interviewers working in Germany. On 25 August, following hints from contacts at the Foreign Office, Pyke recalled all his agents and they arrived back in England over the following few days. Pyke's original idea had been to present Hitler with an account of the true feelings of the German people, but this did not materialise with the outbreak of war. Raleigh and Patrick Smith did make a broadcast on the newly formed BBC World Service in which they contrasted the mood in Germany with that in London, and Pyke prepared a report for the War Office.  Pyke tried to generate interest in his opinion poll results and in repeating the exercise in Germany using people from neutral countries. He got little support, but did attract the attention of Conservative Member of Parliament Leo Amery. Amery did think that Pyke's idea was worthwhile and privately convinced others including Clement Attlee and Sir Stafford Cripps. Pyke's friends concluded that nothing would come of the scheme and persuaded Pyke to let the matter drop.

Military inventions.

Pyke then wrote on grand strategy and worked on a number of ideas for practical inventions. Inspired by the sight of barrage balloons, he conceived the idea of using them to mount microphones allowing the location of aircraft to be ascertained by triangulation. Pyke was unaware that the development of radar provided a much better means of achieving this effect.

Operation Plough / First Special Service Force.

With the invasion of Norway, Pyke considered the problem of transporting soldiers rapidly over snow. He proposed the development of a screw-propelled vehicle based on an old patent called the Armstead snow motor. This consisted of a pair of lightweight cylinders, shaped like very large artillery shells, to support the weight of the vehicle. These cylinders have a spiral flange that digs into the snow; when the cylinders turn (in opposite directions), the vehicle is propelled forwards. Pyke envisaged that a small force of highly mobile soldiers could occupy the attentions of many enemy soldiers who would be required to guard against possible points of attack.  Initially, Pyke's idea was rejected. Then, in October 1941, Louis Mountbatten replaced Roger Keyes as Chief of Combined Operations. This changed the character of the department and Mountbatten allowed unusual talents and ideas. Conservative Member of Parliament Leo Amery wrote to Mountbatten recommending that Pyke's Norway scheme, originally rejected by Keyes, be re-examined and that Mountbatten should take Pyke onto his staff. Mountbatten valued Pyke's ideas, and for liberalising other staff, eventually adopted the plan. The scheme became Operation Plough. When presented to Prime Minister Winston Churchill, he noted in the minutes of the meeting:  Pyke's snow vehicle project was superseded by Canadian development of the Weasel tracked personnel carrier, produced first for the American-Canadian commando unit the First Special Service Force, which trained first for Norway but was actually deployed in Italy. The US built hundreds of these as the M29 vehicle.

Project Habakkuk.

In April 1942, Pyke was presented with the problem of how to prevent the icing of ships in Arctic waters. He took the problem to Max Perutz at the Cavendish Laboratory, Cambridge; Pyke knew that Perutz had previously worked on the physical properties of snow with regard to the difficulties of Operation Plough. Perutz proposed a solution and in a footnote his memorandum noted that:  In September 1942, Pyke sent a 232-page memorandum to Mountbatten detailing his ideas. It suggested a number of uses for ice and for super cooled water (water that has been cooled below its freezing point while remaining liquid) and the suggestion of the construction of gigantic aircraft carriers from ice that was either frozen naturally or artificially. Whereas conventional aircraft carriers were restricted to relatively small, specialised aircraft, these could launch and land conventional fighters and bombers. As such, they could provide air cover for convoys in mid-Atlantic, staging posts for long flights over seas or as launch pads for amphibious assaults on France or Japan. A biography of Pyke by David Lampe indicates that he had decided to use ice reinforced with wood fibres, but other accounts make it clear that this is not the case. Pyke was not the first to suggest a floating mid-ocean stopping point for aircraft, nor the first to suggest that such a floating island could be made of ice, German scientist Dr. A. Gerke of Waldenburg in Germany proposed the idea and carried out some preliminary experiments in Lake Zurich in 1930.  Pyke's memorandum included a couple of cover notes. The first requested that Mountbatten should read the suggestions himself before allowing it to fall into the hands of "that damned fool Lushington". The second, longer, note asked that Mountbatten read the first thirty pages of the memorandum before deciding whether it was worthwhile to continue "It may be gold: it may only glitter. I can't tell. I have been hammering at it too long and am blinded". Mountbatten handed it to Brigadier Wildman-Lushington, and Lushington with the assistance of JD Bernal, concluded that Pyke's main proposals were feasible. In December 1942, Prime Minister Churchill issued a directive that research on the project should be pressed forward with the highest priority and he expressed the opinion that nature be allowed to do as much of the work as possible.  The project to build a large aircraft carrier of pykrete was known as Project Habakkuk, and Pyke was sent to Canada with a personal introduction from Winston Churchill to Mackenzie King. While he was away, an Admiralty committee headed by the Chief of Naval Construction sent a memorandum about Habakkuk to Mountbatten. Pyke returned from Canada. Pyke's original memorandum mentioned other applications for pykrete such as building landing ships for the prospective invasion of Japan and for quickly constructing fortifications at a beachhead by spraying an existing building with pykrete liquid that would freeze into a thick layer. Many of these ideas relied upon a misplaced faith in the qualities of supercooled water which he thought could be used as a weapon of war: pumped from a ship it could be used to instantly form bulwarks of ice or even be sprayed directly onto enemy soldiers. However, such ideas were according to Max Perutz, impractical.  In September 1943, Pyke proposed a slightly less ambitious plan for pykrete vessels to be used in support of an amphibious assault. He proposed a pykrete monitor long and wide mounting a single naval gun turret; this could be self-powered or towed to where it would be used. He also suggested the use of pykrete to make breakwaters and landing stages. At the time, Max Perutz thought the ideas were practical and that the preceding research on pykrete was sufficiently advanced to allow Pyke's plan to be executed.<ref name = "ADM 1/15677">.</ref> The plan was not put into action, but for the allied invasion of Normandy a system of preconstructed concrete breakwaters and landing stages called Mulberry was employed. Pyke's plans hint that he had some knowledge of the Mulberry plans, perhaps through his contacts with Bernal, who was one of Mulberry's progenitors.

Men in pipes.

In late 1943, Pyke submitted to Mountbatten a memorandum, nearly fifty pages long, explaining his ideas for a solution to the problem of unloading stores from ships where no proper port facilities are available and few roads inland. This circumstance was common in the Pacific war theatre and fundamental to the 1943 decision to invade France by landing on the beaches of Normandy, with no harbours and a 24-foot tide. Pyke's idea was to use pipes of the type that were used to transport fuel from ship to shore, to move sealed containers that would contain any type of sufficiently small material objects. Pyke suggested that pipes would handle smaller equipment and larger objects could be passed through two-foot pipes. Furthermore, there was no reason why the pipes should stop at the shore, they could be extended inland as required. Bernal gave a cautious endorsement to the idea, adding that it would require a great deal of investigation. Pyke's idea was similar to the cleaning brushes that are sometimes forced along pipes by the pressure of the fluid and to the pipeline pigs which today are used for cleaning and telemetry.  Pyke then proposed that his idea for "Power-Driven Rivers" could be extended to the transport of personnel. The pipes would need to be at least two feet in diameter and the pressures would have to be high. He worked out ideas for supplying the passengers with oxygen and suggested that the problem of claustrophobia might be alleviated by travelling in pairs and by the use of barbiturate drugs. Pyke proposed that this system could be used to move people from ship to shore, from island to island, through swamps and over mountains and anywhere where conventional transport was difficult. The idea was never used.

After World War II.

After World War II, Pyke's inventions continued. One suggestion for the problems of energy-starved post-war Europe was to propel railway wagons by human muscle power – employing 20 to 30 men on bicycle-like mechanisms to pedal a cyclo-tractor. Pyke reasoned that the energy in a pound of sugar cost about the same as an equivalent energy in the form of coal and that while Europe had plenty of sugar and unemployed people, there was a shortage of coal and oil. He recognised that such a use of human muscle power was in some ways distasteful, but could not see that the logic of arguments about calories and coal were unlikely to be sufficiently persuasive.  Pyke was given a commission to look into the problems of the National Health Service and, characteristically, made his contribution as a part of a minority report. He remained eager to convey his unconventional ideas, and continued to both write and broadcast them. He campaigned against the death penalty, and for government support of UNICEF.

Death and legacy.

On the evening of Saturday 21 February 1948 in Steele's Road, Hampstead, Pyke shaved his beard and consumed a bottleful of sleeping pills. His landlady found his body the following Monday morning. The coroner gave a verdict of suicide at a moment of mental unbalance. Before consuming the pills, he had written private letters that made it clear that his death was premeditated. An obituary in "The Times" praised him and lamented his passing, beginning with the words: John Bernal, who knew Pyke well, wrote:

Geoffrey Nathaniel Joseph Pyke (9 November 1893 – 21 February 1948) was an English journalist, educationalist, and inventor. Pyke came to public attention when he escaped from internment in Germany during World War I. He had travelled to Germany under a false passport, and was soon arrested and interned. Pyke is remembered for proposing the newly invented material pykrete for the construction of the ship Habakkuk.

Geoffrey Nathaniel Joseph Pyke (né le et décédé le ) est un journaliste anglais, pédagogue et un inventeur. Il est notamment connu pour avoir inventé le pykrete et avoir été à l'origine projet Habakkuk. Il fut correspondant de guerre lors de la Première Guerre mondiale.


Career.

2012–2014: Beginnings.

While attending university under a scholarship, Ryu took on several part-time jobs, working as a pizza delivery person, a day labourer, and an after-school tutor, among other things. In 2012, Ryu started acting in short films and independent productions, before being cast in a bit part in the 2013 feature film "INGtoogi: The Battle of Internet Trolls".

2015–present: Rising popularity.

Ryu first drew attention for his performance in "Socialphobia" in 2015, but it wasn't until later that year that Ryu gained public recognition through starring in the teen series "Reply 1988", alongside Lee Hye-ri, Park Bo-gum, Go Kyung-pyo, and Lee Dong-hwi.  Ryu then starred in the coming-of-age film "One Way Trip" and crime thriller "No Tomorrow". The same year, he played his first leading role in romantic-comedy "Lucky Romance" alongside Hwang Jung-eum.  In 2017, Ryu featured in historical film "The King", which won him the Best New Actor award in film at the Baeksang Arts Awards. The same year, he featured in biopic "A Taxi Driver", which became the highest grossing Korean film of the year. Ryu also appeared in legal thriller "Heart Blackened".  In 2018, Ryu featured in the drama film "Little Forest", and headlined the crime action film "Believer".  In 2019, Ryu starred in the action thriller film "Hit-and-Run Squad" directed by Han Jun-hee, crime film "Money" and historical action film "" directed by Won Shin-yun.  Ryu is set to appear in Choi Dong-hoon's upcoming sci-fi crime film.

Philanthropy.

In December 2018, Ryu was reported to have donated 10 million won (approximately $8,895) to Greenpeace, a non-governmental environmental organisation. He has been making regular donations since 2016, which includes for particular campaigns such as the ‘Save the Arctic’ campaign.

Ryu Jun-yeol (born September 25, 1986) is a South Korean actor. He gained attention through his roles in the film "Socialphobia" (2015) and his breakthrough role in the television series "Reply 1988" (2015–2016). Since then he has appeared in television series "Lucky Romance" (2016) and films "The King" (2017) and "A Taxi Driver" (2017).

Ryu Jun-yeol (coréen: ) est un acteur sud-coréen, né le à Suwon dans la province de Gyeonggi en Corée du sud. Il est connu pour ses rôles dans différentes séries télévisées telles que'ainsi que pour les films'ou Lucky Romance.


Biography.

Jeanne Labourbe was born in Lapalisse, a small town South-East of Allier, where she worked from a young age at a laundry. Her father, Claude Labourbe, and her mother, Marie Labbé, had 5 children together, of which Jeanne was the third. Since the bloody uprising of Lapalisse against the coup d'état of 1851, a strong feeling of republicanism and social justice was deep rooted in the region. It was the incredible political commitment of Louis-Simon Dereure, one of the first leaders of the International Workingmen's Association and a member of the Paris Commune, that inspired Labourbe's political trajectory.  In 1894, aged 17, Labourbe found a job offer to be a French reader in Poland, which was still a part of the Russian Empire at the time. She decided to leave for Poland and was hired as a governess and French reader for a Polish family from Tomaszów Mazowiecki.  After several years, she became a teacher and joined the Russian Social Democratic Labour Party at the time of the 1905 Russian Revolution. In 1917, she participated in the October Revolution and, on 30 August, 1918, she founded the French Communist Group in Moscow alongside Jacques Sadoul, Pierre Pascal and Inessa Armand.  Georges Clemenceau, supporting the ideals of the Russian counter-revolutionaries, sent a squadron of the french maritime fleet to Odessa, looking to militarily suppress the spread of mutinies in the Black Sea. When Jeanne Labourbe found out about the landings, 18 December, 1918, she volunteered to help the port city in a policy of propaganda and defence of the Bolshevik Revolution. In particular, she published a "Le Communiste" newsletter, written in French, directed at the French forces. However, despite their efforts, the city of Odessa fell to the influence of the White Russians. The police raided a Bolshevik committee meeting, 2 March, 1919, which was attended by Labourbe, and opened fire on the ten militants present, who were tortured and executed.

Tributes.

Several French cities have named a street of theirs "Jeanne Labourbe"; to name some, Lapalisse, Saint-Pierre-des-Corps, Fleury-les-Aubrais, Vierzon, Varennes-Vauzelles, Saint-Martin-d'Hères, Tremblay-en-France, Lanester, Montluçon, Fontaine, Saran and Vénissieux.

Jeanne Marie Labourbe (8 April 1877 — 2 March 1919) was a French Bolshevik and activist who participated in the October Revolution. She died in 1919 in Odessa, executed by the police as ordered by the White Russians.

Jeanne Marie Labourbe (1877 - 1919) est une militante bolchévique française qui a participé activement à la Révolution d'Octobre. Elle meurt en à Odessa, exécutée par la police locale aux ordres des Russes blancs.