The Amoraic era.

The first Babylonian "Amoraim" were Abba Arika, respectfully referred to as "Rav", and his contemporary and frequent debate partner, Shmuel. Among the earliest "Amoraim" in Israel were Johanan bar Nappaha and Shimon ben Lakish. Traditionally, the Amoraic period is reckoned as seven or eight generations (depending on where one begins and ends). The last "Amoraim" are generally considered to be Ravina I and Rav Ashi, and Ravina II, nephew of Ravina I, who codified the Babylonian Talmud around 500 CE. In total, 761 amoraim are mentioned by name in the Jerusalem and Babylonian Talmuds. 367 of them were active in the land of Israel from around 200-350 CE, while the other 394 lived in Babylonia during 200-500 CE.  In the Talmud itself, the singular "amora" generally refers to a lecturer's assistant; the lecturer would state his thoughts briefly, and the "amora" would then repeat them aloud for the public's benefit, adding translation and clarification where needed.

Prominent Amoraim.

The following is an abbreviated listing of the most prominent of the (hundreds of) "Amoraim" mentioned in the Talmud. More complete listings may be provided by some of the external links below. "See also."

Stammaim.

The "Stammaim" is a term used by some modern scholars, such as David Weiss Halivni, for the rabbis who composed the anonymous ("stam") statements and arguments in the Talmud, some of whom may have worked during the period of the "Amoraim", but who mostly made their contributions after the amoraic period. See also "Savoraim".

Amoraim (Aramaic: plural, singular Amora or Amoray ; "those who say" or "those who speak over the people", or "spokesmen") refers to Jewish scholars of the period from about 200 to 500 CE, who "said" or "told over" the teachings of the Oral Torah. They were primarily located in Babylonia and the Land of Israel. Their legal discussions and debates were eventually codified in the Gemara. The "Amoraim" followed the "Tannaim" in the sequence of ancient Jewish scholars. The "Tannaim" were direct transmitters of uncodified oral tradition; the "Amoraim" expounded upon and clarified the oral law after its initial codification.

Amoraïm (judéo-araméen: אמוראים, singulier אמורא "Amora"; « expositeurs ») est un terme générique pour désigner les docteurs du Talmud, qui opèrent entre la clôture du Mishna (circa 200 EC "["circa" signifiant "vers", et "EC" ou "CE" signifiant "après J.C."]") et la compilation des Talmuds (vers 400 EC pour le Talmud de Jérusalem, un siècle plus tard pour le Talmud de Babylone)


Plot.

Eight years after Chucky's second demise, the Play Pals company has recovered from the bad publicity brought about by Chucky's murder spree and resumes manufacturing of the Good Guys dolls. The company restores the abandoned factory (where Chucky's mutilated body still remains) and starts releasing a new line of Good Guys dolls. However, the workers accidentally mix Chucky's blood into a vat of plastic. Since the soul of serial killer Charles Lee Ray still inhabits the remains, the mixture causes Chucky to revive. Chucky is unwittingly given to Play Pals' CEO Mr. Sullivan, whom he kills with a variety of toys. He then uses computer records to locate Andy.  Meanwhile, 16-year-old Andy Barclay, still troubled by his past encounters with Chucky, has been sent to Kent Military Academy after failing to cope in several foster homes. Colonel Cochrane, the school's commandant, begrudgingly enrolls Andy but advises him to forget his "fantasies" about the doll. Andy befriends cadets Harold Aubrey Whitehurst, Ronald Tyler, and Kristin DeSilva, for whom he develops romantic feelings. He also meets Brett C. Shelton, a lieutenant colonel who routinely bullies the cadets.  Shortly after Andy arrives, Tyler is asked to deliver a package to his room. Tyler realizes that the package contains a Good Guys doll and, excited, takes it to the cellar to open it, only to have Chucky burst free from the package. Remembering the rule that he can possess the first person who learns his true nature and that he has a new body, Chucky tells Tyler his secret, but just as Chucky is about to possess him, they are interrupted by Cochrane, who takes the doll away. Cochrane throws Chucky into a garbage truck, but Chucky escapes by luring the driver into the truck's compactor and crushing him. That night, Chucky attacks Andy and tells him his plans for taking over Tyler's soul. Before Andy can attack Chucky, Shelton comes in and takes the doll from him. Andy tries to get the doll back by sneaking into Shelton's room (where Chucky steals a dagger from a wooden wall mounted plaque containing blades), but Shelton catches him in the act. Upon realizing the doll has vanished, Shelton suspects it stolen and forces all the cadets to do exercises in the courtyard as punishment.  Andy unsuccessfully tries to warn Tyler about Chucky. At one point, Chucky lures Tyler into playing hide-and-seek in Cochrane's office, where he attempts to possess Tyler again. However, they are interrupted by DeSilva and Ivers, and, moments later, Cochrane himself. When the cadets leave, Cochrane is suddenly confronted by a knife-wielding Chucky. The resulting shock causes Cochrane to suffer a fatal heart attack. The next morning, Andy tries to convince Tyler that Chucky is evil, but Tyler refuses to believe him. Meanwhile, Chucky kills the camp barber Sergeant Botnick by slashing his throat with a razor after Botnick tries to shave Chucky's hair off.  Despite Cochrane's death, Sgt. Clark declares that the school's annual war games will proceed as planned, with Andy and Shelton on the same team. However, Chucky secretly replaces the blank paint bullets of the Red team with live ammunition. When the simulation begins, Chucky accosts Tyler. Finally realizing that Andy was telling the truth about Chucky, Tyler stabs Chucky with a pocket knife and flees to find Andy. Chucky then attacks Kristin and holds her hostage, attempting to lure the teams into fighting each other to save her. Chucky forces Andy to exchange Kristin for Tyler.  Suddenly, the Red team descends upon the area and obliviously opens fire with their live rounds, with Shelton being killed in the crossfire. Amidst the chaos, Tyler makes a quick getaway, but before giving chase, Chucky tosses a live grenade at the quarreling cadets. Recognizing the danger, Whitehurst (who had been too scared to say anything after discovering Chucky's existence) bravely leaps on top of the grenade and sacrifices himself to save the others. With no time to mourn his friend, Andy heads off in pursuit of Chucky, with Kristin close behind.  Eventually, the chase leads the group into a fake haunted house at a nearby carnival. Tyler tries to get a security guard to help him, but Chucky kills the guard offscreen and kidnaps Tyler. In the ensuing melee, Chucky shoots Kristin in the leg, leaving Andy to fight Chucky alone. When Tyler is inadvertently knocked out, Chucky seizes the opportunity to possess him, but Andy intervenes, shooting him several times. Enraged, Chucky springs back and attempts to strangle Andy, but Andy uses Tyler's knife to cut off Chucky's hand, dropping the killer doll onto a giant fan which ultimately destroys him. Afterwards, Andy is taken into custody by the police for questioning and Kristin is rushed to the hospital, leaving Tyler's fate unknown as the carnival shuts down.

Development.

"Child's Play 3" immediately went to production after the success of its predecessor. It was released exactly 9 months after the second movie, which caused pressure to Don Mancini to draft a storyline on such a tight schedule. He initially wanted to introduce the concept of "multiple Chuckys" in the movie, but due to budget constraints the idea was eventually scrapped. Mancini later used this concept for the 2017 sequel "Cult of Chucky".

Novelization.

A tie-in novel was later written by Matthew J. Costello. Just like "Child's Play 2", this novel had some of the author's own parts. In the beginning (unlike the film's), in the Play Pals factory, a rat scours for food and chews on Chucky's remains. Blood then leaks out of the remains and somehow leaks into another doll. Chucky's death in this book is also different. In the novel, Andy shoots Chucky in the chest and causes his body to fall to the floor, and watches his head shatter to blood, metal and plastic.

Release.

"Child's Play 3" opened in second place behind Dead Again to $5.7 million over the 4-day 1991 Labor Day weekend, which the "Los Angeles Times" called "slow numbers". It finished its theatrical run with $15 million in the US, and a total of $20.5 million worldwide.

Reception.

Rotten Tomatoes, reports that 29% of 14 surveyed critics gave the film a positive review; the average rating is 4.02/10, making it the poorest reviewed film in the series on that site. Chris Hicks of the "Deseret News" called it "perverse" and criticized the film's plot. Caryn James of "The New York Times" called the Chucky doll "an impressive technological achievement" but said the film "misses the sharpness and dark humor" of the original film. "Variety" called it a "noisy, mindless sequel" with good acting. Richard Harrington of "The Washington Post" wrote, "Chucky himself is an animatronic delight, but one suspects the film's energies and budget have all been devoted to what is essentially a one-trick pony." Stephen Wigle of "The Baltimore Sun" called it "fun for any fan of the slasher genre".  Series creator Don Mancini said that this was his least favorite entry in the series, adding that he ran out of ideas after the second film. He elaborated further in 2013 stating that he was not pleased with the casting, particularly with Jeremy Sylvers and Dakin Matthews as Tyler and Colonel Cochrane respectively; he felt that the former was too old for the role and the latter was not the "R. Lee Ermey" archetype he was hoping for.  Mancini would not make another entry in the "Chucky" series until seven years later, with "Bride of Chucky". In a 2017 interview, director Jack Bender also dismissed the film by calling it "kinda silly".

Home media.

"Child's Play 3" was originally released on home video in North America on March 12, 1992 and on DVD in 2003. It was also released in multiple collections, including The Chucky Collection (alongside "Child's Play 2" and "Bride of Chucky"), released on October 7, 2003; Chucky - The Killer DVD Collection (alongside "Child's Play 2", "Bride" and "Seed of Chucky"), released on September 19, 2006; Chucky: The Complete Collection (alongside "Child's Play 1 and 2", "Bride, Seed" and "Curse of Chucky"), released on October 8, 2013; and Chucky: Complete 7-Movie Collection (alongside "Child's Play 1 and 2", "Bride, Seed, Curse" and "Cult of Chucky"), released on October 3, 2017.

James Bulger murder.

A suggested link with the film was made after the brutal United Kingdom murder of James Bulger. The killers, who were ten years old at the time, were said to have imitated a scene in which one of Chucky's victims is splashed with blue paint. Although these allegations against the film have never been proven, the case led to some new legislation for video films. Psychologist Guy Cumberbatch stated, "The link with a video was that the father of one of the boys – Jon Venables – had rented "Child's Play 3: Look Who's Stalking" some months earlier." However, the police officer who directed the investigation, Albert Kirby, found that the son, Jon, was not living with his father at the time and was unlikely to have seen the film. Moreover, the boy disliked horror films—a point later confirmed by psychiatric reports. Thus the police investigation, which had specifically looked for a video link, concluded there was none.

Sequels.

The film was followed by "Bride of Chucky" in 1998, "Seed of Chucky" in 2004, "Curse of Chucky" in 2013 and "Cult of Chucky" in 2017.

Halloween Horror Nights.

In 2009, the climax of "Child's Play 3" received its own maze at Universal Studios "Halloween Horror Nights", entitled "Chucky's Fun House".  This is not the first time Chucky has been featured in "Halloween Horror Nights". "Curse of Chucky" has been slated to receive its own scarezone in the 2013 lineup. Since 1992, Chucky has starred in his own shows, "Chucky's In-Your-Face Insults" and "Chucky's Insult Emporium".

Child's Play 3 is a 1991 American slasher film and the third installment in the "Child's Play" film series. The film is written by Don Mancini, and directed by Jack Bender, with Brad Dourif returning as the voice of Chucky. Although released only nine months later, the story takes place eight years following the events of "Child's Play 2" and one month before the events of "Bride of Chucky" (which was made seven years later). It was executive-produced by David Kirschner, who produced the first two "Child's Play" films.

Chucky 3 ou Jeu d'enfant 3 au Québec ("Child's Play 3") est un film d'horreur américain réalisé par Jack Bender, sorti en 1991. Il s'agit du troisième volet d'une série de films mettant en scène le personnage de Chucky.


Overview.

The game is played by four to seven players (four to eight players with variants and expansions). Each player takes one of the following roles:  Each player also receives a unique character card with special abilities and a certain number of 'bullets' (i.e. life-points).  The objective of the game is different for every role:

Game.

Set up.

Each player is randomly dealt a Character card and a Role card: there is always a Sheriff, two Outlaws and a Renegade. Roles depend on the number of players (for example, with 7 players there will be 1 Sheriff, 2 Deputies, 3 Outlaws and 1 Renegade). The Role cards are given face down to each player. The Sheriff shows his card. With the expansion, it is possible to play with only three players using a Deputy, an Outlaw and a Renegade.

Gameplay.

The game is played in turns, in clockwise order. The Sheriff begins. Each player's turn is divided into three phases.  "1. Draw two cards"  "2. Play any number of cards."  Each player can only have one weapon at a time. If a player wants to play a new weapon card when already having one, the player must discard the one already had. This is explicitly noted in page 3 of the rules.  When a card is played just follow the symbols on it. Cards can be played only during a player's turn (with the exception of "Beer", "Bang!" and "Missed!").  Normally a card has an effect which is immediately resolved, and then the card is discarded. However, blue-bordered cards, like weapons and horses, etc., have long-lasting effects, and are kept on the table face up in front of the player. In the Dodge City expansion, green-bordered cards are played face up and cannot be used until the following round, then are discarded.  The effects of these cards (in play) lasts until they are discarded or removed somehow (e.g. "Cat Balou" or "Panic") or a special event occurs (e.g. in the case of "Jail" or "Dynamite".)  3. "Discard excess cards."  Once the second phase is over (when the player does not want to or cannot play any more cards), then the player must discard from any cards exceeding the hand size limit. The hand size limit of a player (at the end of a turn) is equal to the number of bullets currently shown on the card that lies under the player's character card. Then it is the next player's turn, in clockwise order.

Game concepts.

Generally speaking (as there are exceptions):

Determining the winner.

Once the Sheriff is killed, the game is over. If the only player left is a Renegade, the Renegade wins. However, if two or more players are still alive or the only remaining player is an Outlaw, "all" the Outlaws win, dead or alive.  On the other hand, if all Outlaws and Renegades are dead before the Sheriff dies, the Sheriff and all the Deputies win, dead or alive.

Strategy.

As only the Sheriff is known, it is hard to know who has what role. Generally, a person's role is implied if he tries to shoot, or otherwise harm, the Sheriff. Others' roles can be implied if they try to harm those who harmed the Sheriff. The advantage of keeping one's role hidden from enemies must be weighed against the need to accomplish one's goal.  Since the Renegade loses if the Sheriff dies when there are still others in the game he must defend the Sheriff to some extent. On the other hand, his ultimate goal is killing the Sheriff. This leads to a "two faced" nature of the Renegade, trying to weaken each side (Outlaws and Deputies) while keeping the Sheriff alive until the end. This also makes it harder to ascertain who is an Outlaw, who is a Deputy, and who is a Renegade, as their actions may be similar.

Official tournament score.

An official scoring system can be found on daVinci web site, the official web site of the Italian editors of "Bang!". The scoring rules are as follows:

Character descriptions.

As the game constantly maintains an ironic point of view on the western clichés, some of the characters of "Bang!" are named after famous people. There are 16 different characters in the basic set:

Official expansions.

"High Noon".

Released in 2003. A set of thirteen scenario cards that are given to the Sheriff, and revealed at the start of each of his turns – the card's scenario is effective until the next scenario card has been revealed. The name is inspired by the Western "High Noon". The scenario cards have these effects:

"Dodge City".

Released in 2004. A set of fifteen new characters and 40 new play cards. There is also a set of 8 "role" cards (7 duplicates) allowing up to 8 people to play. The name is inspired by the Western, "Dodge City". The new characters are: "Dodge City" features also a new symbol, meaning "discard another card from your hand in order to play this card", and a new card type, the green-bordered cards: they are played like blue cards, cannot be used until the next opponent's turn (in case of a "Missed!" effect) or the owner's next turn (in all other cases) and are discarded immediately after they are used.

"A Fistful Of Cards".

Released in 2005. A set of fifteen new scenario cards, designed by players around the world selected by the original author, which can be mixed with the "High Noon" expansion. The name is inspired by the Western, "A Fistful of Dollars". The cards include:  Player must choose either "High Noon" or "A Fistful of Cards" as the last scenario card when the two expansions are mixed together.

"Wild West Show".

"Bang! Wild West Show!" is an expansion released in August 2010 with characters that revolve not around historical figures but rather around actors iconic to the western movie genre. The expansion also includes cards and rules not seen in previous expansions.  The 8 new characters are:  The 10 special cards that come with "Wild West Show!" play similarly as the scenario cards in "High Noon" and "A Fistful of Cards". A special card is revealed every time a Stagecoach or Wells Fargo is played.  The 10 new special cards are:

"Gold Rush".

Bang! Gold Rush was released in 2011. It introduced some innovative gameplay mechanics: thanks to the shadow-gunslinger game variant, players are never really out of the game. During his turn, the shadow-gunslinger temporarily re-enters the game and he can play as if he was still alive. With Bang! Gold Rush, the outcome of the match can even be determined by an eliminated player. – Players can collect gold nuggets to buy equipment. The purchase of an "equipment" card allows the player to selectively enhance his or her character and develop new strategies. The box contains:

"The Valley of Shadows".

This expansion consists of 20 cards, mostly playing cards and several new character cards. First unofficial version was released in September 2011 in Czech and Slovak Republic. It was officially released on October 16, 2014 by the Czech editor ALBI check ALBI webpage.  5 new characters:  3 bonus characters:  5 new blue border cards:  10 new brown border cards:

"Bang The Duel".

This is a standalone game, without any need for prior possession of Bang! Expansions. It is for 2 players only. One player controls a team of law enforcers, while another player controls a team of bandits.  12 law charactes:  12 bandits characters:

"Armed & Dangerous".

Released in 2017. New game mechanic with new type or resource called Load.

Deluxe version: Bang! The Bullet!

A deluxe version of Bang!, called Bang! The Bullet!, was released in 2007.  This set included three of the official expansions, "High Noon" (second edition), "Dodge City", and "A Fistful of Cards" (second edition), along with several extras:  The 2007 release of Bang! the Bullet! game follows the 3rd edition rules of the basic game and the 2nd edition rules of "Dodge City".  The 2009 reprint of Bang! the Bullet! game follows the 4th edition rules of the basic game and the 3rd edition rules of "Dodge City". It does not include the player mats nor bullet tokens as found in the boxed version of Bang! 4th edition.

Bang! 10th Anniversary Edition.

This edition was released in 2012. It comes in a metal tin, and contains the complete most recent version of the base game with original 16 characters. It also contains 30 wooden bullet markers for keeping track of health, 7 player boards each with different artwork, and 10 bonus characters.  The 10 extra characters are as follows:

Video game.

On October 29, 2009, Palzoun entertainment (which acquired the official license from DaVinci Games) officially announced the development of Bang! The Card Game into a video game. The game will be developed in partnership with SpinVector.  During the Lucca Comics&Games 2010 Palzoun has announced that Bang! The Official Videogame would have been available on Christmas 2010 on different platforms, including iPhone, iPad, Samsung Wave (BADA), PC and Atom Netbook (APPUP). The iPhone App has been published on the iTunes App Store on December 18, 2010. A console version was also expected to arrive in March 2011 but has been delayed.  A live action trailer of the game was released on November 2, 2010.

Online Version.

On May 14, 2012, Christopher Gordon Carr's Software Developer Portfolio released Kraplow! an open source online Bang! clone. You can play this in your browser with AI or with other people. Kraplow! features all the rules from version 4.0 of Bang! and is free to use and open source.  The Starcraft II mod Barcraft is a copy of Bang! that replaces the wild west theme with themes and characters from the Warcraft, Starcraft and Diablo franchises.  There is a C++ client / server version https://kbang.weebly.com/ that requires a download available since 2008-03-05.

Lawsuit.

In 2014, DaVinci Editrice initiated a lawsuit against Ziko Games, the Chinese manufacturer that had published Legends of the Three Kingdoms, a game that DaVinci claimed was a clone of Bang!, simply changing the Wild West theme and art to that of ancient China. While the court found there was potential for copyright infringement on its initial hearing, it ultimately ruled in favor of Ziko Games and dismissed the case in 2016.

Bang! is a Wild West-themed social deduction card game designed by Emiliano Sciarra and released by Italian publisher DV Giochi in 2002. In 2004, "Bang!" won the Origins Award for Best Traditional Card Game of 2003 and Best Graphic Design of a Card Game or Expansion.

Bang!, antérieurement Wanted! en français, est un jeu de cartes sur le thème du western créé par l'auteur de jeux de société italien Emiliano Sciarra. Initialement publié en 2002 en Italie par daVinci Games et en France par Tilsit en 2003 sous le nom de "Wanted!", le titre original a été rétabli dans l'édition française, désormais distribuée par Asmodée, dès.


Mafia career.

Originally, Catania was not a traditional Mafia area such as the western part of Sicily. According to Antonino Calderone, the first Mafia family in Catania was started by Antonio Saitta. He had been prosecuted by Mussolini’s "Iron Prefect", Cesare Mori. One of his daughters was the mother of Giuseppe and Antonino Calderone. Another uncle had helped the Mafia get back on its feet after World War II, organizing the black market in contraband cigarettes.  Antonino Calderone, narrating his initiation ritual in Catania in 1962, recalls that he was surprised to see at the gathering people he knew and he never suspected were in the Mafia, and not to see people he thought were in the organization. Calderone owned a gas station and entered profitable business ventures thanks to his Mafia connections, and rose through the ranks of the Calderone family until he became underboss of the Catania Mafia.  On September 30, 1978, his brother and boss of the Catania Mafia, Giuseppe Calderone, was killed by his former close friend and protégé Nitto Santapaola. Santapaola had forged an alliance with the Corleonesi and took over the command of the Catania Mafia Family. This was the beginning of a campaign of violence targeting the established Sicilian Mafia families which culminated in the 1981 killing of Stefano Bontade, a close ally and personal friend of the Calderone brothers, which led to the Second Mafia War.  Calderone became more and more marginalized and decided to leave Catania in 1983 fearing for his life. With his wife and three children he moved to Nice in France, where he ran a Laundromat. On May 9, 1986, he was arrested in Nice.

Pentito.

While he was in the Nice prison, Calderone became convinced that he was about to be killed by other Sicilian inmates. Suddenly, he began screaming for a prison guard and demanded to see the head of the prison. He said he wanted to talk to judge Giovanni Falcone. Calderone was moved to an insane asylum for his own protection.  On April 9, 1987, Falcone – together with French prosecutor Michel Debaq sat face to face with Calderone in a Marseille prison. After an initial refusal to talk, Calderone suddenly said, ""I know a lot about the Mafia, because I am a member of it."" Once he started, Calderone talked for almost a year.  Falcone flew once a week to Marseille, taking some 1,000 pages of deposition from Calderone. Calderone proved to be a remarkably accurate witness. More than 800 details were checked. On March 19, 1988, Falcone issued 160 arrest warrants on the basis of the testimony of Antonino Calderone.

Mafia in Catania.

While previous pentiti had all been from Palermo, Calderone described the grip of Cosa Nostra in Catania, the main city and industrial centre on Sicily's east coast. He testified about the relationship between the Mafia and the four Cavalieri del Lavoro (Knights of Labour) of Catania: the construction entrepreneurs,, and – who needed the mafiosi for protection. Construction sites of rival companies were bombed and at least one rival of Costanzo was assassinated.  Calderone also talked about the links of Cosa Nostra with law enforcement, freemasonry, judges and politicians in Catania and the Italian government. ""We in Catania, when we had a problem with the judiciary, we would turn to the local Masonic head. We knew that many magistrates were lodge members and that, thanks to the local chief, we could even interfere with ongoing criminal proceedings,"" Calderone said.  The Catanese Mafia was generally able to learn about arrest warrants before they were issued and sometimes have names crossed off the list. When they needed a false passport they turned to ‘their’ member of parliament in Rome, of the small Democratic Socialist Party. Lupis was one of the top vote-getters in Catania.  According to Calderone the late 1970s were a turning point in the relationship between the Mafia and politics. The Mafia started to feel superior and politicians could not refuse requests for favours.

Testimonies.

Calderone was different from previous pentiti such as Tommaso Buscetta and Salvatore Contorno. While they expressed no regret for their crimes, Calderone seemed to suffer from genuine remorse.  As the brother of a Commission member, Calderone knew a lot about the workings of Cosa Nostra and confirmed the essential role of the Commission in the major assassinations of the 1970s and 1980s. He provided first-hand accounts of the leaders of the Corleonesi, Luciano Leggio, Totò Riina and Bernardo Provenzano. ""The Corleone bosses were not educated at all, but they were cunning and diabolical,"" Calderone said about Riina and Provenzano. ""They were both clever and ferocious, a rare combination in Cosa Nostra.""  One of the more bizarre anecdotes Calderone related in his memoirs was that of Riina giving a tearful eulogy at the funeral of his murdered brother, even though Riina himself had ordered the killing. Yet, Riina's admiration for Giuseppe Calderone might have been sincere: he regretted having to have him killed, just as a president of a company regrets having to lay off a valued employee during difficult economic times.  Calderone’s most explosive revelation was about Salvo Lima, prime minister Giulio Andreotti’s chief lieutenant in Sicily, and the Salvo cousins, wealthy tax collectors on the island. He described how he and his brother conferred with Lima and the Salvo cousins to get a zealous police officer in Catania transferred.

'Mafia analyst'.

Calderone testified in numerous trials, among others in the Maxi Trial appeals and in the trial against Giulio Andreotti. In 1992 he published a book with Antimafia sociologist Pino Arlacchi about his life in Cosa Nostra, that was translated in many languages. These memoirs read like a handbook for understanding Cosa Nostra and the life of a mafioso.  After the murder of Giovanni Falcone, Calderone gave a little noticed but accurate analysis of the attack: ""Such a spectacular public bombing is never in the interest of the Mafia... it is a sign of weakness."" The killing had become necessary because of a series of major defeats, according to Calderone. ""Falcone had been condemned to death a long time ago, but the sentence could no longer be put off for two reasons: the Supreme Court’s decision to confirm the life sentences of the bosses of the Commission... and the increasing certainty that Falcone would be super-prosecutor. As long as convictions could be overturned in Rome, there was no need to act. But a definitive life sentence unleashed a reaction of rage. The Corleonesi and the winning families lost their heads."" He went on to predict that other killings would soon follow: ""Cosa Nostra has a little book and for every name there is a time.""

Death.

On January 10, 2013, at the age of 78, Calderone died at a secret location "overseas," according to police chief Antonio Manganelli. He had been living for years under an assumed identity outside Italy. Next to Tommaso Buscetta, Salvatore Contorno, Francesco Marino Mannoia and Gaspare Mutolo, Calderone helped Palermo magistrates like Giovanni Falcone to get a picture of the inner workings of the Mafia and its relationships with entrepreneurs and politicians in Sicily. "Calderone made a great contribution to our understanding of the Mafia phenomenon," said Manganelli.

Antonino Calderone (October 24, 1935January 10, 2013) was a Sicilian Mafioso who turned state witness (pentito) in 1987 after his arrest in 1986.

Antonino « Nino » Calderone né à Catane le et mort en un lieu inconnu le était un membre d'une importante famille mafieuse de Catane et le frère de Giuseppe Calderone, le chef de la mafia locale.


History.

The club was founded in 1958 by Ali Benaouda and Ali Layass as Entente Sportive Sétifienne (ESS), the name was later changed to Entente Pétroliers Sétifienne (EPS) in 1977, and again in 1984 it became known as Entente Plastique Sétifienne (EPS) and was then later changed back to Entente Sportive Sétifienne (ESS).  The first colours of the club were green and the white, and following a confrontation with the French Army in a match with FC Gadir on May 8, 1945 colours changed to black and white as a sign of sadness for the events on this day. The Guessan Stadium was the original name for the club's home.  ES Sétif is one of the prestigious top flight Algerian clubs. The club has won the Algerian Cup 8 times, and is the only Algerian team to have won the Afro-Asia cup, in 1989 in Qatar.  Since its foundation, ES Sétif has had 19 presidents, the first being Ibrahim Dokomi. The current president is Hassan Hammar.

African success.

In 1988, ES Sétif won the African Cup of Champions Clubs by beating Iwuanyanwu Nationale of Nigeria 4–1 on aggregate in the final. After losing the first leg 1–0 in Liberty Stadium, Ibadan, ES Sétif scored 4 goals in the return leg in Constantine to lift the trophy. ES Sétif were playing in the Algerian second division at time and are the only club in Africa to date to have won the African Cup of Champions Clubs while not being in the top flight.  By winning the 1988 African Cup of Champions Clubs, ES Sétif qualified for the 1989 Afro-Asian Club Championship, where they faced Al-Sadd of Qatar, winners of the 1988–89 Asian Club Championship. ES Sétif won both legs, 2–0 at home and 3–1 in Doha, to lift the trophy. They are the only Algerian club to have won the competition.  On June 29, 2010, ES Sétif became the first fully professional club in Algeria.  On August 8, 2010, ES Sétif defeated CS Sfaxien of Tunisia 1–0 to win the first-ever edition of the UNAF Super Cup.

Players.

Algerian teams are limited to two foreign players. The squad list includes only the principal nationality of each player;

Current squad.

"22 January 2020, 2020."

Notable players.

Below are the notable former players who have represented ES Sétif in league and international competition since the club's foundation in 1958. To appear in the section below, a player must have played in at least 100 official matches for the club or represented the national team for which the player is eligible during his stint with ES Sétif or following his departure.  "For a complete list of ES Sétif players, see "  The club have 3 appearances in African Cup of Champions Clubs from 1987 to 1989 and 6 appearances in CAF Champions League from 2008 till now.

Entente Sportive Sétifienne (), known as Entente de Sétif, commonly referred to as ES Sétif or ESS for short, is an Algerian professional football club based in Sétif. The club was founded in 1958 and its colours are black and white. Their home stadium, the Stade 8 Mai 1945, has a capacity of 18,000 spectators. The club is currently playing in the Algerian Ligue Professionnelle 1.

<mapframe text="Localisation du Stade du 8-Mai-1945 par rapport à la ville de Sétif." latitude="36.186905" longitude="5.393282" zoom="11" width="300" height="300"> "type": "FeatureCollection", "features": [ "properties": { "title": "Stade du 8-Mai-1945", "marker-color": "000000", "marker-symbol": "soccer", "marker-size":"medium", "description": ""}}, </mapframe> L'Entente sportive sétifienne (en ), plus communément appelée l'Entente de Sétif ou simplement l'ESS, est un club omnisports algérien, dont la section la plus célèbre pratique le football, fondé en 1958 et basé dans la ville de Sétif.


High school career.

Burrell attended San Lorenzo Valley High School in Felton, California, as a freshman. After his freshman year, he transferred to Bellarmine College Preparatory in San Jose, where he played baseball and football. In the football program, playing quarterback, Burrell competed against Tom Brady, who played for rival Junipero Serra High School in San Mateo, California. He decided to concentrate on baseball in his senior year, however, and he was named the California Coaches Association Player of the Year after he batted.369 with 11 home runs.

College career.

After graduating from high school in 1995, Burrell was drafted by the Boston Red Sox in the 43rd round of the 1995 Major League Baseball (MLB) Draft. Instead of signing, he chose to attend the University of Miami, where he played third base and was a teammate of Aubrey Huff. As a freshman, he was selected as a First-Team All-American by "Baseball America" and the "Collegiate Baseball Newspaper". He was also named the Most Outstanding Player of the 1996 College World Series, joining Dave Winfield and Phil Nevin as the only players to win the award without winning the series. In the summer of 1996, he played collegiate summer baseball in the Cape Cod Baseball League for the Hyannis Mets. In his sophomore year, he was again named a First-Team All-American by "Baseball America" and the "Collegiate Baseball Newspaper" but also by the "Sporting News" this year. He was named "Baseball America's" Summer Player of the year in 1997. In 1998, as a junior, he won the Golden Spikes Award as the best player in college baseball. That year, he was drafted by the Philadelphia Phillies with the first overall pick in the 1998 MLB draft. Burrell finished his college career with 61 home runs, 187 runs batted in (RBI), and 170 walks in 162 games. His.442 batting average was seventh all-time by an NCAA player, and his slugging percentage of.888 was second only to Pete Incaviglia. In February 2008, Burrell was inducted into the University of Miami Sports Hall of Fame.

Minor leagues.

On July 24, 1998 Burrell and the Phillies agreed to a five-year contract with a $3.15 million signing bonus. Upon signing, Burrell was assigned to the Class A-Advanced Clearwater Phillies of the Florida State League, and he was moved to first base because Scott Rolen, Philadelphia's third baseman in the major leagues, had just won the National League (NL) Rookie of the Year Award. With Clearwater in 1998, Burrell batted.303 with 7 home runs and 30 RBI in 37 games.  Entering the 1999 season, Burrell was named the top prospect in the Phillies' organization by "Baseball America", and they also named him baseball's 19th best prospect. He spent most of the season with the Double-A Reading Phillies of the Eastern League, batting.333 with 28 home runs and 90 RBI in 117 games. He was named to the Eastern League's post-season All-Star team and won the Eastern League Rookie of the Year Award. He also played 10 games with the Scranton/Wilkes-Barre Red Barons of the Triple-A International League, batting.152 with 1 home run and 4 RBI. In addition to playing first base, he was used as an outfielder with both teams.  Burrell was named the Phillies' top prospect and the second-best prospect in baseball by "Baseball America" in 2000. He began the season with Scranton/Wilkes-Barre. Playing first base and the outfield, he batted.294 with 4 home runs and 25 RBI in 40 games.

Major leagues.

Philadelphia Phillies.

2000.

On May 23, 2000, Burrell was called up by the Phillies. On May 24, he replaced Kevin Jordan (who had been filling in for injured Opening Day first baseman Rico Brogna) as the Phillies' first baseman. Making his major league debut that day, Burrell had two hits (his first coming against Octavio Dotel) and two RBI in a 9–7 victory over the Houston Astros. The following day, he hit his first career home run in a 10–6 loss to Houston. On June 20, with the Phillies trailing 2–1 against the New York Mets, Burrell hit a home run against Mets' closer Armando Benítez to make the score 2–2 in an eventual 3–2 victory for Philadelphia. The next day, Burrell had five RBI, two home runs, and his first career grand slam in a 10–5 victory for Philadelphia. On July 2, he had four hits and two RBI in a 9–1 victory over the Pittsburgh Pirates. Burrell remained the Phillies' first baseman when Brogna returned in July. He had five RBI, two home runs, and a grand slam on August 8 in a 10–4 victory over the San Diego Padres. On August 9, newly acquired outfielder Travis Lee was moved to first base, and Burrell was moved to left field for the rest of the year. On September 21, he had a game-winning single against Rick White in a 6–5 victory against the Mets. Burrell finished the season with 18 home runs, 79 RBI, and a.260 batting average in 111 games, and received the fourth most votes for the NL Rookie of the Year Award.

2001.

On April 14, 2001, Burrell hit a game-winning home run in the sixth inning of a 2–1 victory over the Atlanta Braves. He had a game-winning two-RBI double in the ninth inning as the Phillies beat the Chicago Cubs, 6–3, on April 17. From May 19 to June 2, Burrell had a career-high 14-game hitting streak. During the streak, on May 28, he hit a game-winning two-run home run against Benítez in the tenth inning of a 5–3 win over the Mets. Burrell hit a home run and had four RBI the next day as the Phillies beat the Mets, 7–3. He hit a game-winning, three-run home run on July 4 in a 4–1 victory over the Atlanta Braves. On July 20, Burrell had a home run and five RBI (including the game-winner) as the Phillies beat the Mets, 10–1. He hit home runs in three straight games from July 31 to August 2. On August 10, as the Phillies beat the Los Angeles Dodgers, 10–5, Burrell hit his third career grand slam. He had a home run and three RBI in the final game of the season in a 4–1 victory over the Cincinnati Reds. Burrell finished the season with 27 home runs, 70 RBI, and a.258 batting average in 155 games. His 18 assists led NL outfielders and tied with Raúl Mondesí for most in the major leagues. However, his 162 strikeouts were the third-highest total in Phillies' history at the time, and they currently are the ninth-highest total.

2002.

Burrell hit a leadoff walk-off home run on April 7, 2002, in the 11th inning, giving a 3–2 victory over the Florida Marlins. Three days later, Burrell hit a two-run, walk-off home run in the 11th inning to give the Phillies a 7–5 victory over the Braves. He was the first player in the major leagues to hit two such home runs in a four-day period since Albert Belle did it in 1995, and he was the first Phillie to hit two such in a season since Von Hayes hit two in 1989. In May, Burrell hit eight home runs, the most by a Phillie in May since teammate Mike Lieberthal hit eight in 1999. From June 2 through June 16, he had an 11-game hitting streak, his longest of the season. During the streak, on June 2, Burrell tied a career high with five RBI in an 18–3 victory over the Montreal Expos. Burrell had 22 home runs by the All-Star break, the most by a Phillie since Mike Schmidt had 31 by the 1979 All-Star break. On July 15, he hit a game-winning three-run home run against Matt Herges in an 11–8 victory over Montreal. Burrell had two home runs, five RBI, and a grand slam in a 7–6 loss to the Dodgers on August 9. On August 30, Burrell had three RBI (including the game-winner) in a 7–5 victory over the Mets. He recorded his 100th RBI that day, becoming the first Phillie with 100 RBI by August 31 since Greg Luzinski accomplished the feat in 1977. Burrell finished the season with career highs in almost every offensive category, including runs (96), batting average (.286), and games (157). He was the 12th Phillie with 30 home runs and 100 RBI in a season. His 37 home runs were seventh in the NL, and his 116 RBI were third, behind only Lance Berkman (128) and Albert Pujols (127). He was 14th in NL Most Valuable Player Award voting.

2003.

On February 3, 2003, Burrell signed a six-year, $50 million contract with the Phillies. He had two home runs and five RBI (including the game-winner) on April 9 in a 16–2 victory over the Braves. The home runs both came against Greg Maddux, making Burrell the sixth player to hit two home runs in a game against Maddux (and the first since Rolen did it in 2001). On May 20, he hit two home runs and had four RBI in an 11–7 victory over the Mets. On August 9, Burrell hit a game-tying solo home run and a game-winning two-run home run in the 8th and 10th innings of an 8–6 victory over the San Francisco Giants. He hit two home runs (including his 100th) on August 22 in a 9–4 victory over the St. Louis Cardinals. On September 28, he had the final hit in Veterans Stadium (a single against Jason Marquis) in a 5–2 loss to Atlanta. Burrell endured a season-long slump, and he was occasionally benched for a few games (often in favor of Ricky Ledée) by Phillies' manager Larry Bowa. In 146 games, he batted.209 with 21 home runs and 64 RBI. However, his 21 home runs were still the second-highest total on the Phillies (teammate Jim Thome led the NL with 47).

2004.

Burrell had four hits and three RBI on April 27, 2004, in a 7–3 victory over the Cardinals. He also made a leaping catch to take a home run away from Rolen, and he threw out Pujols trying to score from third base on a single by Édgar Rentería. On May 2, Burrell hit his first career pinch-hit home run: a two-run game-tying home run in the ninth inning against Matt Mantei of the Arizona Diamondbacks. The Phillies won the game, 6–5, in extra innings. On May 14, Burrell had four RBI (including the game-winner) in a 6–4 victory over the Colorado Rockies. He had four RBI again on May 18 (including two home runs) in an 8–7 victory over the Dodgers. On July 30, he hit two home runs in a 10–7 loss to the Cubs. On August 3, Burrell strained his left wrist during batting practice, and he was placed on the disabled list (DL) for the first time in his career the next day. He was originally scheduled to have season-ending surgery on August 13, but after getting a second opinion from Dr. Tom Graham, he decided to postpone the surgery and attempt to come back before the season ended. On September 3, he was activated from the disabled list. In 127 games, Burrell batted.257 with 24 home runs and 84 RBI.

2005.

On April 9, 2005, Burrell had four hits and five RBI in a 10–4 victory over the Cardinals. He won the first NL Player of the Week Award of the 2005 season on April 10 after accumulating 15 RBI in the first week of the season. On May 12, he had four hits in a 7–5 loss to Cincinnati. He hit a three-run game-winning home run on May 22 in a 7–2 victory over the Baltimore Orioles. He won another Player of the Week Award that day after he batted.500 with two home runs and eight RBI during the week, becoming the first Phillies player to win the award twice in a season since Hayes won it twice in 1986. On June 5, his solo home run against Mike Koplove was the game-winner in a 7–6 victory over Arizona. Four days later, he hit two home runs and had four RBI in a 10–8 victory over the Texas Rangers. On June 11, he hit a game-winning three-run home run in a 7–5 victory over the Milwaukee Brewers. He hit two home runs and had five RBI in a 13–7 victory over Florida on July 14. On July 30, he had four hits and two RBI in an 8–7 victory over Colorado. On August 9, he had four RBI, including a go-ahead three-run home run against Steve Schmoll in an 8–4 victory over the Dodgers. His three-run home run against Jake Peavy on August 12 provided all of the Phillies' runs in a 3–2 victory over San Diego. He had four RBI on September 9 in a 12–5 victory over the Marlins. Two days later, he had four RBI again (including a three-run home run against Ismael Valdez) in an 11–1 victory over Florida.  Burrell finished the season batting.281 with 32 home runs in 154 games, and he set career highs in walks (99) and RBI (117). His 32 home runs led the Phillies, and his 117 RBI were second only to Andruw Jones' 128 (Pujols also had 117). On defense, however, he tied for the lead among all major league left fielders in errors, with seven, and the lowest fielding percentage among them, at.972. Burrell finished seventh in voting for the NL MVP award, and he was the co-winner of the Mike Schmidt MVP Award (along with Chase Utley).

2006.

In April 2006, Burrell batted.300 with seven home runs. From April 14 to 27, he had 13 RBI in 11 games. However, he batted.249 for the rest of the season, and in June Philles' manager Charlie Manuel began benching him occasionally (often in favor of David Dellucci). On May 1, Burrell hit a game-winning solo home run in an 8–5 victory over Florida. On May 7, he had three RBI, including a two-run home run against Matt Morris as the Phillies defeated the Giants, 9–5. On June 9, he had three RBI, including a two-run home run against Gary Majewski, but the Phillies lost, 9–8, to the Washington Nationals. The next day, he hit a game-winning two-run home run in a 6–2 victory over the Nationals. On June 15, he hit two home runs and had three RBI against Steve Trachsel, but the Phillies lost to the Mets, 5–4. He had four hits and four RBI in a 14–6 victory over the Giants on July 15. On August 22, his RBI double in the sixth inning was the game-winning RBI in a 6–3 victory over the Cubs. His first inning grand slam against Roger Clemens on September 15 provided all of the Phillies' runs in a 4–3 victory over Houston. On September 20, his fielder's choice was the game-winning RBI in a 6–2 victory over the Cubs. He hit two home runs, had four RBI, and set a career high with four runs scored on September 29 in a 14–2 victory over Florida. In 144 games, Burrell finished the season batting.258 with 29 home runs and 95 RBI.

2007.

Burrell became the Phillies' longest tenured player in 2007 with the departure of Lieberthal via free agency. He hit only one home run in April but had a.292 batting average. On April 6, he homered and had four RBI (including the game-winner) in an 8–2 victory over Florida. He began to slump after April, batting.157 over the next two months. Once again, Manuel began benching him, using Greg Dobbs, Jayson Werth, or Michael Bourn in left field. On May 11, Burrell hit two home runs and had five RBI in a 7–2 victory over the Cubs. Werth was injured at the end of June, however, and Burrell reclaimed his starting job by batting.435 in July, with six home runs and 22 RBI. From July 1 through the end of the season, he batted.300 with 22 home runs and 65 RBI, starting the final 75 games of the season for the Phillies in left field. On July 14, he had four RBI in a 10–4 victory over St. Louis. Three days later, Burrell hit his 200th career home run in a 15–3 victory over the Dodgers. He had a 14-game hitting streak from July 22 to August 5, tying his career high. On August 17, in an 11–8 victory over the Pirates, Burrell got his 1,000th career hit, a two-run home run. At the end of August, the Phillies faced the Mets, whom they trailed in the NL East by six games, for a four-game series. In the first game of the series, on August 27, Burrell hit a game-winning two-run home run in a 9–2 victory. Two days later, in the third game of the series, he hit a solo home run and had a sacrifice fly (the game-winning RBI) against Óliver Pérez in a 3–2 victory. He hit two home runs in the fourth and final game of the series as the Phillies won 11–10 to sweep the Mets. On September 21, his two-run home run against Shawn Hill provided the game-winning RBI in a 6–3 victory over Washington. Burrell finished the 2007 regular season batting.256 with 30 home runs, 97 RBI, and 114 walks (a career high) in 155 games. Burrell, Ryan Howard, and Jimmy Rollins became the second trio of Phillies with 30 or more home runs (and the first since 1929). On defense, he led major league outfielders in errors, with 10, and his.948 fielding percentage was the lowest among left fielders.  In 2007, the Phillies won the NL East and reached the playoffs for the first time since 1993 and the first time in Burrell's career. Burrell hit a home run against Jeff Francis in the first game of the NL Division Series (NLDS) but had only one other hit in the series as the Phillies were swept by the Colorado Rockies.

2008.

Burrell batted.326 in April 2008, with 8 home runs and 24 RBI. He hit two home runs on April 7 (including the game-winner) against Bronson Arroyo in a 5–3 victory over Cincinnati. On April 24, his two-run double against David Riske provided the game-winning RBI in the Phillies' 3–1 victory over Milwaukee. With the double, Burrell got his 23rd and 24th RBI of the month, breaking Hayes' team record for most RBI in April (22). After batting.227 in May (with five home runs), Burrell batted.256 with six home runs in June. His walk-off two-run home run with two outs in the tenth inning gave the Phillies a 6–5 victory over San Francisco on May 2. On May 22, Burrell hit a game-winning pinch-hit home run in a 7–5 victory over Houston. On June 3, he hit a game-winning two-run home run in a 3–2 victory over Cincinnati. He followed up his performance in June by hitting.304 in July with seven home runs, but he slumped over the final two months, batting.191 with seven home runs. He hit a game-winning three-run home run on July 13 in a 6–3 victory over Arizona. On August 15, his home run helped the Phillies defeat the Padres 1–0. Two days later, he hit a game-winning home run in a 2–1 victory over the Padres. He had five RBI (including a game-winning three-run home run against Clayton Kershaw) in a 9–2 victory over the Dodgers on August 23. Burrell finished the season batting.250 with 33 home runs (tied for ninth in the NL), 86 RBI, and 102 walks (third in the NL) in 157 games, and the Phillies won the NL East for the second straight year.  In Game 4 (the final game) of the NLDS against the Brewers, Burrell hit two home runs (a three-run game-winning home run against Jeff Suppan and a solo home run against Guillermo Mota) in a 6–2 victory that gave the Phillies their first playoff series victory since 1993. Four days later, in the first game of the NL Championship Series, he hit a game-winning solo home run in a 3–2 victory over the Dodgers. After going hitless in his first 14 at-bats in the World Series, Burrell doubled against J. P. Howell of the Tampa Bay Rays on October 29 in Game 5 (the final game of the series). Burrell was then replaced by pinch-runner Eric Bruntlett, who scored the game's winning run in the 4–3 victory as the Phillies won their first World Series since 1980. After the series, Burrell was chosen to lead the Phillies' World Series parade.  Burrell filed for free agency on November 6. On December 16, the Phillies signed left fielder Raúl Ibañez to a three-year contract, ending Burrell's tenure in Philadelphia. Burrell's 104 double plays grounded into were the seventh-most in Phillies history, and his 1,273 strikeouts were second only to Schmidt. However, Burrell was fifth in walks (785), eighth in RBI (827), and fourth in home runs (251) as a Phillie. His eight straight seasons with at least 20 home runs were topped only by Schmidt.

Tampa Bay Rays.

On January 5, 2009, the Tampa Bay Rays signed Burrell to a two-year, $16 million contract. They planned to use him as their designated hitter. Burrell got a standing ovation when he returned to Philadelphia for an exhibition series on April 3 and 4. On April 9, Burrell flew to Philadelphia to join the Phillies as they received their World Series rings in a pregame ceremony. After the ceremony, he flew back to Boston for the Rays' game against the Boston Red Sox. On May 17, Burrell was placed on the disabled list (retroactive to May 12) with a neck strain. He was activated from the DL on June 11. On June 24, he hit a game-winning two-run home run and had three RBI in a 7–1 victory over the Phillies. On July 7, he hit a walk-off two-run home run in the 11th inning of a 3–1 victory over the Toronto Blue Jays. On September 2, he had a game-winning RBI single in an 8–5 victory over Boston. He had four RBI against Jason Berken (including a three-run home run) on September 15 in a 10–5 loss to Baltimore. Burrell slumped throughout the 2009 season, and he finished the year batting.221 in 122 games. He set or tied career-lows in hits (91), home runs (14), RBI (64), and walks (57).  Burrell hit a game-winning two-run home run in the 12th inning of a 3–1 victory over Boston on April 17, 2010. On April 27, he hit a game-winning three-run home run in an 8–6 victory over the Oakland Athletics. In his first 24 games of the season, Burrell batted.202 with two home runs and 13 RBI. On May 15, he was designated for assignment and replaced on the Rays' roster by Hank Blalock. Four days later, he became a free agent after clearing waivers.

San Francisco Giants.

On May 29, 2010, the San Francisco Giants signed Burrell to a minor league contract and assigned him to the triple-A Fresno Grizzlies of the Pacific Coast League. After batting.313 with one home run and six RBI in five games, he was called up to the Giants on June 4 to replace John Bowker, who was optioned to Fresno. The next day, he took over from Aubrey Huff (who moved over to right field) as the Giants' left fielder. On July 31, with the Giants trailing 1–0 to the Dodgers in the eighth inning, Burrell hit a two-run home run to give the Giants a 2–1 victory. On August 6, he hit a game-winning sacrifice fly in the 11th inning of a 3–2 victory over Atlanta. Three days later, the Giants faced the Chicago Cubs for a four-game series. In the first game of the series, Burrell hit a walk-off sacrifice fly in the 11th inning of a 4–3 victory. In the third game, he had three RBI (including a game-winning home run in the eighth inning against Justin Berg) in a 5–4 victory. In the finale, Burrell hit two home runs (including a grand slam) and had five RBI in an 8–7 victory. On August 17, Burrell returned to Philadelphia for his first regular season game there as a member of the opposing team, and he received a standing ovation. He hit a home run in his first at bat of the game, but the Giants lost, 9–3. With the Giants in 2010, Burrell batted.266 with 289 at-bats, 18 home runs, and 51 RBI in 96 games as the Giants won the NL West and advanced to the playoffs for the first time since 2003. Burrell's 2010 totals were 373 at-bats, 94 hits, 20 home runs, and 64 RBI in 120 games.  In Game 2 of the NLDS against Atlanta on October 8, Burrell hit a three-run home run in a 5–4 loss. On October 16, in Game 1 of the NLCS against the Phillies, he had an RBI double against Roy Halladay. Nate Schierholtz then pinch-ran for him, scoring the winning run in the Giants' 4–3 victory. In the World Series, Burrell struck out eleven times in thirteen at-bats, had no hits, and was benched for Game 4. However, the Giants won the World Series in five games, and Burrell received his second championship ring.  On November 1, Burrell filed for free agency. A month later, on December 3, he signed a one-year, $1 million contract to return to the Giants in 2011. In his first 20 games of 2011, Burrell batted.270 with five home runs and eight RBI. On April 18, he hit a game-winning three-run home run in an 8–1 victory over Colorado. After batting.172 with one RBI over his next 12 games, he was replaced as the Giants' left fielder by Cody Ross, who was replaced as the Giants' right fielder by Schierholtz. On May 4, Burrell had a game-winning RBI single in a 2–0 victory over the Mets. In the first game of a doubleheader against the Cubs on June 28, Burrell had a home run and three RBI in a 13–7 victory. He had a game-winning RBI single on July 7 in a 2–1 victory over San Diego. On July 15, Burrell was placed on the disabled list with a potentially career-ending foot injury. He returned from the DL on August 31, but he was not able to start regularly upon returning. For the final game of the year (a 6–3 loss to Colorado on September 28), Burrell started in left field after asking Giants' manager Bruce Bochy to put him in the lineup since it was potentially his final game. He finished the year batting.230 with career-lows in games (92), at bats (183), hits (42), home runs (seven), and RBI (21). On October 30, he filed for free agency.  Burrell signed a one-day contract with the Philadelphia Phillies on May 19, 2012, so he could officially retire as a Phillie. It was announced on February 28, 2015 that Burrell would be inducted onto the Phillies Wall of Fame. He was subsequently inducted on Friday, July 31. He stated, "I always knew that the fans were behind me, even through the tough times. When David called and told me I had been voted in by the fans, it was overwhelming." Burrell was the 37th inductee to the Wall of Fame.

"Met Killer".

Burrell showed a penchant for hitting home runs against the New York Mets. In 2007, Burrell hit four home runs in a four-game series sweep against the Mets in late August. In total, he hit 42 home runs against the Mets through the 2011 season, his highest total against any team, which ranked fifth all-time in home runs hit against the franchise at the time of his departure from Philadelphia (he has since fallen to sixth, having been passed by Chipper Jones.) Batting.264 at the Phillies' home parks against a.228 mark at Shea Stadium, Burrell nonetheless enjoyed playing in New York, citing the atmosphere and memorable home runs against Mets pitchers, including two in back-to-back games against then-closer Armando Benítez.

Scouting and coaching.

After his playing career ended, Burrell became a special assignment scout for the Giants, based in Scottsdale, Arizona.  Burrell is currently serving as for the San Jose Giants of the California League, in the Giants’ farm system.

Personal life.

Pat had an English Bulldog named Elvis who was featured in the Phillies 2008 World Series Parade. Elvis died in September 2014.

Patrick Brian Burrell (born October 10, 1976), nicknamed "Pat the Bat", is an American former professional baseball outfielder, who played in Major League Baseball (MLB) for the Philadelphia Phillies, Tampa Bay Rays, and San Francisco Giants, and won two World Series championships (2008, 2010). During his playing days, Burrell stood tall, weighing. He batted and threw right-handed.

Patrick Brian Burrell, né le à Eureka Springs (Arkansas), est un joueur américain de baseball qui évolue depuis la saison 2000 dans les Ligues majeures de baseball. Il a porté les couleurs des Phillies de Philadelphie durant neuf saisons, et a remporté la Série mondiale 2008 avec eux. Il évolue maintenant pour les Giants de San Francisco, avec qui il est un champion de la Série mondiale 2010. Burrell est présentement agent libre.


History.

Crystal Dynamics was formed on 8 July 1992 by Sega veterans Judy Lang, Madeline Canepa, and Dave Morse. Crystal was the first licensed developer for 3DO, a gaming hardware platform simultaneously funded by Kleiner Perkins. Mark Cerny joined the company, but he left to work for Universal Interactive Studios. In 1993, Strauss Zelnick, president of 20th Century Fox's film studio, was hired to run Crystal Dynamics. This made national news and helped to touch off the frenzy of multimedia investments of the mid-1990s. A 1993 editorial in "Electronic Gaming Monthly" declared that "the hottest new video game company on the upscale scene is definitely Crystal Dynamics."  Due chiefly to the unexpectedly slow growth of the next generation gaming market, Crystal Dynamics's massive expansion in its early years failed to pay off. In 1996 new CEO Ted Ardel announced the company was cutting one third of its workforce and stepping aside as a publisher to focus strictly on games development. For several months the company functioned without a president, with Ardel managing the day-to-day operations until Rob Dyer was promoted to president on April 4, 1997.  Crystal Dynamics had been most known for developing "Legacy of Kain" and "Gex". The studio was also entrusted the development of the best-selling "Tomb Raider" franchise after its original developer, Core Design, failed to gain critical or commercial success with their later "Tomb Raider" games, and released its first game in the series in 2006, "", which was the fastest-selling game in the entire series, selling 4.5 million units worldwide. Crystal Dynamics co-developed "" with developer Buzz Monkey Software. A remake of the first "Tomb Raider" game, it was released in June 2007. The next installment, "", was released in October 2008. Crystal Dynamics' next release was the spin-off title "Lara Croft and the Guardian of Light", which did not feature the "Tomb Raider" branding despite utilizing the lead character. The game was released for digital distribution only.  In 2009, Crystal Dynamics laid off over 30 employees to refocus their efforts on the "Tomb Raider" games only. On January 3, 2012, studio community manager Meagan Marie said that the studio would be revealing a new IP in 2012. In a podcast, released on June 23, 2012, executive producer Scot Amos said Crystal Dynamics new IP will be "fresh and familiar" and offer a similar experience to the new "Tomb Raider" game. This was followed by "Tomb Raider" in 2013, a reboot which introduced a new backstory for Lara.  In December 2015, Square Enix announced that Darrell Gallagher, the studio's head, had left the company. His role in the company was replaced by Scot Amos and Ron Rosenberg. In 2016, Brian Horton, director of the game "Rise of the Tomb Raider", left the company. He had previously undertaken the role of senior art director on the "Tomb Raider" reboot in 2013.  On January 26, 2017, Square Enix announced a partnership with Marvel Entertainment to create multiple video games based on Marvel properties, the first of which was announced as "Avengers", based on the comics of the same name, which would be developed by Crystal Dynamics and Eidos Montreal.  On August 13, 2018, Square Enix announced that Crystal Dynamics had opened a satellite studio based in Bellevue, Washington called Crystal Northwest, which will assist the development of their Avengers game and future Crystal Dynamics projects.

Crystal Dynamics, Inc. is an American video game developer that was founded in 1992 by Judy Lang, Madeline Canepa and Dave Morse. Based in the San Francisco Bay Area, it was acquired by Eidos Interactive in 1998. After Square Enix's acquisition of Eidos in 2009, it became a subsidiary of Square Enix. Crystal Dynamics was the first licensed developer for 3DO. The company's mascot was the video game character Gex the Gecko until 2000.

Crystal Dynamics est un studio américain de développement de jeux vidéo, fondé en 1992 et établi dans la région de la baie de San Francisco. Le studio est racheté par l'éditeur britannique Eidos Interactive en 1998, lui-même racheté par Square Enix en 2009.


History.

The Olšany Cemeteries were created in 1680 to accommodate plague victims who died en masse in Prague and needed to be buried quickly. In 1787, when the plague again struck the city, Emperor Joseph II banned the burial of bodies within Prague city limits and Olšany Cemeteries were declared the central graveyard for hygiene purposes.  The Olšany necropolis consists of twelve cemeteries, including, i.a., an Orthodox and a tiny Muslim section, the largest Jewish cemetery in the Czech Republic and military burial grounds. Among the thousands of military personnel buried at Olšany, there are Russian soldiers and officers from the Napoleonic Wars, members of the Czechoslovak Legion, Czechoslovak soldiers, officers and pilots who fought at the Eastern and Western Front and in North Africa during the Second World War as well as male and female members of the Soviet and Commonwealth (including British, Canadian, South African, Greek and Turkish Cypriot and Polish) armed forces who died for the freedom of Czechoslovakia in 1944-1945, including POWs. Based on a bilateral agreement, Czech authorities are responsible for the protection of Russian and Soviet military graves at the Czech territory (as the Russian Federation is responsible for protecting Czechoslovak war graves from both World Wars in Russia). The Commonwealth Prague War Cemetery, including 256 graves, was established under the terms of the 1949 War Graves Agreement between the UK and Czechoslovakia and is maintained by the Commonwealth War Graves Commission.  There are two ceremonial halls assigned to bid farewell to the deceased; the newer one is located in a building of the Prague's first crematorium. New to the scene is the "Olšany Cemeteries Learning Trail" which is so far mapping the history of three of the oldest sections, also sketching the life stories of some celebrities buried here. Prague's Olšany cemeteries excel in their picturesque style and tranquil nooks, surpassing even Malostranský cemetery and Slavín, being the biggest necropolis in the Czech Republic.  Till this day there is evidence of 230,000 people buried, 65,000 grave sites, 200 chapel graves and six columbariums in Olšany Cemeteries.  Part of the movie "Bad Company" was filmed in Olšany Cemeteries.

Famous burials.

Many well-known people are buried at Olšany Cemeteries, including:

Olšany Cemeteries ("Olšanské hřbitovy" in Czech, "Wolschan" in German) is the largest graveyard in Prague, Czech Republic, once laid out for as many as two million burials. The graveyard is particularly noted for its many remarkable art nouveau monuments.

Le cimetière d'Olšany (Olšanské hřbitovy en tchèque) est le cimetière le plus grand de Prague (République tchèque). De nombreuses personnalités célèbres y sont enterrées dont :


Overview.

"Homicide: Life on the Street" was adapted from "", a non-fiction book by "Baltimore Sun" reporter David Simon, based on his experience following a Baltimore Police Department homicide unit. Simon, who became a consultant and producer with the series, said he was particularly interested in the demythification of the American detective. While detectives are typically portrayed as noble characters who care deeply about their victims, Simon believed real detectives regarded violence as a normal aspect of their jobs.  Simon sent the book to film director and Baltimore native Barry Levinson with the hopes that it would be adapted into a film, but Levinson thought it would be more appropriate material for television because the stories and characters could be developed over a longer period of time. Levinson believed a television adaptation would bring a fresh and original edge to the police drama genre because the book exploded many of the myths of the police drama genre by highlighting that cops did not always get along with each other, and that criminals occasionally got away with their crimes.  Levinson approached screenwriter Paul Attanasio with the material, and "Homicide" became Attanasio's first foray into television writing. Subsequently, all episodes of "Homicide" display the credit, "Created by Paul Attanasio" at the end of their opening sequence, a credit which both Eric Overmyer and James Yoshimura dispute on the DVD audio commentary to the season 5 episode, "The Documentary", claiming instead the show was created by Tom Fontana and Yoshimura. The series title was originally "Homicide: A Year on the Killing Streets", but NBC changed it so that viewers would not believe it was limited to a single year; the network also believed the use of the term "life" would be more reaffirming than the term "killing streets". Levinson was indifferent to the change, asserting that viewers would probably casually refer to the series as "Homicide" in either case. The opening theme music was composed by Baltimore native Lynn F. Kowal, a graduate of the Peabody Institute of the Johns Hopkins University in Baltimore.  "Homicide"'s purpose was to provide its viewers with a no-nonsense, police procedural-type glimpse into the lives of a squad of inner-city detectives. As opposed to many television shows and movies involving cops, "Homicide" initially opted for a bleak sort of realism in its depiction of "The Job", portraying it as repetitive, spiritually draining, an existential threat to one's psyche, often glamour- and glory-free—but, nonetheless, a social necessity. In its attempt to do so, "Homicide" developed a trademark feel and look that distinguished itself from its contemporaries. For example, the series was filmed with hand-held 16 mm cameras almost entirely on-location in Baltimore (making the idiosyncratic city something of a character itself). It also regularly used music montages, jump cut editing, and the three-times-in-a-row repetition of the same camera shot during particularly crucial moments in the story. The episodes were also noted for interweaving as many as three or four storylines in a single episode. NBC executives often asked the writers to focus on a single homicide case rather than multiple ones, but the show producers tended to resist this advice.  Despite premiering in the coveted post-Super Bowl time slot, the show opened to lackluster ratings, and cancellation was an immediate threat. However, the show's winning of two Emmy Awards (for Levinson's direction of "Gone for Goode" and Fontana's writing of "Three Men and Adena") and the success of another police drama—the more sensational "NYPD Blue"—helped convince NBC to give it another chance beyond the truncated, nine-episode-long first season. "Homicide" consistently ranked behind ABC's "20/20" and CBS's "Nash Bridges" in the Nielsen ratings. Despite the poor ratings, reviews were consistently strong from the beginning of the series. Commentators were especially impressed with the high number of strong, complex, well-developed and non-stereotypical African American characters like Pembleton, Lewis and Giardello.  The police department scenes were shot at the historic City Recreation Pier in the Fells Point neighborhood in Baltimore. Although NBC occasionally pressured the show's producers to write happy endings to the homicide cases, the network gave an unusual amount of freedom for the writers to create darker stories and non-traditional detective story elements, like unsolved cases where criminals escape. Nevertheless, in its attempt to improve "Homicide"'s ratings, NBC often insisted on changes, both cosmetic and thematic. For example, by the beginning of the third season, talented but unphotogenic veteran actor Jon Polito had been ordered dropped from the cast.  Considered by critics to be one of television's most authentic police dramas, as well as an excellent dramatic series propelled by a talented ensemble cast, "Homicide" garnered three straight TCA (Television Critics Association) Awards for Outstanding Achievement in Drama from 1996 to 1998 and was the first drama ever to win three of the prestigious Peabody Awards for best drama (1993, 1995, 1997).  The show was originally a production of Baltimore Pictures in association with Thames Television's subsidiary studio Reeves Entertainment, an American studio. Inbetween the first and second season, Reeves had closed due to Pearson plc's acquisition of their parent company Thames, and the latter's requirement of either spinning off the studio or transferring their existing properties still in production which included Home (1988 TV series) in late 1993. After the four episode 2nd season had aired, NBC negotiated with Thames and MCEG Sterling Entertainment, who oversaw and held interest on the Homicide property on behalf of Thames, on the show's renewal for an order for a third season alongside taking over co-ownership, co-production duties, and copyright, though Pearson (whose television division and library is now owned by Fremantle) continued to hold international distribution rights outside of North America.  The reality of "Homicide"'s low Nielsen ratings hovered over all things, however, and always left the show in a precarious position; it also had a harder time gaining a large audience because fewer viewers are at home watching TV on Friday nights. Despite this, the network managed to keep what "TV Guide" referred to as "The Best Show You're Not Watching" on the air for five full seasons and seven seasons in all. In July 1997, NBC gave the series producers an ultimatum to make "Homicide" more popular than "Nash Bridges" or face cancellation. When this goal was not reached, the studio gave serious consideration to canceling the show, but a number of shocks at NBC increased "Homicide"<nowiki>'</nowiki>s value. Among those factors were the loss of the popular series "Seinfeld" and the $850 million deal needed to keep "ER" from leaving the network.  "Homicide" was at one time syndicated on Lifetime and Court TV as well as the all-crime television cable station Sleuth, and aired on WGN America. Episodes of "Homicide" have aired on TNT as part of several crossovers the series had with "Law & Order", which TNT owns broadcast rights for; in these cases both crossover episodes aired back to back. It was recently televised on the Centric channel.  All seven seasons are available on DVD. One DVD set combines the first two seasons. Additional sets contain the complete third, fourth, fifth, sixth, and seventh seasons. A boxed set shaped like a filing cabinet features an additional disc containing the "Homicide" TV movie and the relevant "Law & Order" crossover episodes – those without this disc had to rely on "Law & Order" recap clips on the season DVDs. Significantly, the DVDs contain the episodes in the producers' intended order, not the order in which NBC aired them.  The show has spawned changes in the real life Baltimore homicide unit. As seen in the show, the unit originally used a dry-erase board in order to visually track detectives' progress at solving crimes. After the show began to air, the Baltimore Police Department discontinued the practice, believing the board, which concentrated on "clearance rates" for crimes, had a negative impact on publicity. It was brought back later at the insistence of the detectives.

Plot.

Seasons 1 and 2.

The first season saw the introductions of Detectives Frank Pembleton (Andre Braugher), Stan Bolander (Ned Beatty), Kay Howard (Melissa Leo), Meldrick Lewis (Clark Johnson), John Munch (Richard Belzer), Tim Bayliss (Kyle Secor), Beau Felton (Daniel Baldwin) and Steve Crosetti (Jon Polito), as well as the Commander, Lieutenant Al Giardello (Yaphet Kotto).

Season 3.

The third season saw the first changes in the character lineup; when Detective Steve Crosetti (Jon Polito) was not seen in any episodes, his body was found in a death by suicide in the sixth episode of the season. Isabella Hofmann joined the cast as Lieutenant Megan Russert, the commander of the other Homicide shift, it also dealt with her promotion to Captain, and saw the last appearances of Felton and Bolander (Daniel Baldwin, Ned Beatty).

Seasons 4 and 5.

The fourth season saw the departure of Daniel Baldwin and Ned Beatty, who played Beau Felton and Stan Bolander respectively. In the story, the two detectives had recently been given a 22 week suspension, as related in the opening scene of the season's first episode. Bolander went on to retirement, and Felton, recruited for deep undercover work, was killed (off-screen) in the line of duty during the fifth season. The characters returned in the movie. This season also sees Mike Kellerman (Reed Diamond) join the cast. Isabella Hofmann (newly demoted, Detective Megan Russert) left at the end of Season 4, but returned in the Season 5 finale, in which she, Kay Howard (Melissa Leo) and J.H. Brodie (Max Perlich) made their last appearances. Season 5 also saw the addition of Chief Medical Examiner Julianna Cox (Michelle Forbes) and Detective Terri Stivers (Toni Lewis).

Season 6.

The sixth season was the first not to feature Leo as Sergeant Kay Howard, and the last to feature Braugher as Detective Frank Pembleton and Forbes as Chief Medical Examiner Julianna Cox. Jon Seda, Callie Thorne and Peter Gerety joined the cast as Detectives Paul Falsone, Laura Ballard and Stuart Gharty. J.H. Brodie (Max Perlich) is no longer present, nor is Detective Meg Russert (Isabella Hofmann).

Season 7.

Following the events of the sixth season finale, Detective Frank Pembleton (Braugher) and Detective Mike Kellerman (Diamond) are no longer regulars; neither is Chief Medical Examiner Julianna Cox (Forbes), who left mid-season. Braugher and Forbes did not return until the movie, while Diamond made a two-episode guest appearance. Michael Michele stars in this season as Det. Rene Sheppard and Giancarlo Esposito is cast as Giardello's son Mike, who is assigned to Homicide as an FBI Liaison.

"Homicide: The Movie".

In 2000, following the conclusion of the series, a TV film titled "" was shown on NBC. The squad's former Lieutenant, Al Giardello, was running for mayor on a controversial pro-drug-legalization platform, and is close to victory when he is gunned down. The assassination attempt inspires the return of the entire unit, past and present, in an effort to apprehend the gunman.

Crossovers.

"Homicide: Life on the Street" executive producer Tom Fontana and "Law & Order" creator Dick Wolf became close friends in the 1980s while working as writers in the same building, at the same time, on the series "St. Elsewhere" (Fontana) and "Hill Street Blues" (Wolf).  In the 1990s, the two friends decided to do a small crossover between their (then) current shows, with "Law & Order" NYPD Detective Mike Logan (Chris Noth) delivering a fugitive to "Homicide: Life on the Street"s BPD Detective Frank Pembleton during the prologue of the season 3 episode "Law & Disorder".  The concept proved popular with fans and with both Fontana and Wolf. As of the 2015–2016 television season, this first crossover by Wolf has been followed by 15 other crossover stories in his numerous "Law & Order" and "Chicago" franchises. Fontana expanded the "Homicide: Life on the Street" crossovers to include characters from "St. Elsewhere", years after that series had ended its run. Wolf would adopt the same post-cancellation crossover concept when "Homicide: Life on the Street" characters Meldrick Lewis and Billie Lou Hatfield (Ellen McElduff) appeared, 14 years after their series ended, at John Munch's retirement party from the NYPD on the "" episode "".

Other cast members.

Recurring cast members.

"Homicide" featured a number of recurring characters, who starred alongside the ensemble. Wendy Hughes (Carol Blythe), Ami Brabson (Mary Pembleton) and Željko Ivanek (Ed Danvers) are the most notable, with the first appearing in Season 1, and the other two appearing in Seasons 1–6 and Seasons 1–7 respectively. Clayton LeBouef played Colonel George Barnfather throughout the run. Ralph Tabakin played Dr. Scheiner in all seven seasons. The recurring cast also included: Gerald F. Gough as Col. Burt Granger (seasons 1–3); Lee Tergesen as Officer Chris Thormann (seasons 1, 3 and 5); Sean Whitesell as Dr. Eli Devilbiss (seasons 1, 3, 4, 6 and 7); Michael Willis as Darin Russom (seasons 1–7); Sharon Ziman as Naomi (seasons 1–7); Judy Thornton as Judy (seasons 2–7); Herb Levinson as Dr. Lausanne (seasons 2–7); Gary D'Addario as Lt. Jasper (seasons 3–7); Walt MacPherson as Capt. Roger Gaffney (seasons 3–7); Harlee McBride as Alyssa Dyer (seasons 3–7); Rhonda Overby as Reporter Dawn Daniels (seasons 3–7); Kristin Rohde as Officer Sally Rogers (seasons 3–7); Mary B. Ward as Beth Felton (season 3); Christopher Meloni as bounty hunter Dennis Knoll (season 7); Erik Dellums as Luther Mahoney (seasons 4 and 5); Mekhi Phifer as Junior Bunk (seasons 5 and 6); Hazelle Goodman as Georgia Rae Mahoney (season 6); Ellen McElduff as Billie Lou Hatfield (seasons 5–7); Austin Pendleton as Dr. George Griscom (season 7), and Jason Stanford as Joe Ryblack (seasons 6 and 7).

Notable guest appearances.

A number of well-known actors and celebrities appeared on the show, including Steve Allen, Lewis Black, Wilford Brimley, Steve Burns, Steve Buscemi, Bruce Campbell, Joan Chen, Vincent D'Onofrio, Jeffrey Donovan, Tate Donovan, Charles Durning, Charles S. Dutton, Richard Edson, Kathryn Erbe, Edie Falco, Peter Gallagher, Paul Giamatti, John Glover, Moses Gunn, Luis Guzmán, Jake Gyllenhaal, Marcia Gay Harden, Neil Patrick Harris, Pat Hingle, James Earl Jones, Terry Kinney, Bruno Kirby, Tony LoBianco, Julianna Margulies, Jena Malone, Anne Meara, Christopher Meloni, David Morse, Terry O'Quinn, Joe Perry, Chris Rock, J.K. Simmons, Fisher Stevens, Jerry Stiller (in a different season from wife Anne Meara), Eric Stoltz, Tony Todd, Lily Tomlin, Kate Walsh, Isaiah Washington, Robin Williams, Dean Winters, Elijah Wood, and Alfre Woodard. Jason Priestley joined the cast in the climactic television movie, during which his character referred to Pembleton and Bayliss as "legends". Typically, well-known actors making guest appearances on "Homicide" were cast in fully developed roles central to the episode in which they appeared. Robin Williams's portrayal of a grieving widower and father in the second-season, "Bop Gun", is a notable example, as is Steve Buscemi's role as a suspected gunman in the third-season "End Game."  Some celebrities made cameo appearances that were more lighthearted in style. Director (and Baltimore native) John Waters—who called the show "the grittiest, best-acted, coolest-looking show on TV"—appeared twice, once as a nameless bartender listening to a disconsolate Detective Bolander, and another time as a talkative prisoner transferred from New York to Baltimore by Det. Mike Logan (played by Chris Noth). Waters and Noth received "special thanks" in the episode's closing credits. Out traveling on his motorcycle, Jay Leno stopped in at the Waterfront to have a soft drink, quickly departing after finding his bartenders strangely silent. In one particularly self-referential episode, journalist Tim Russert appeared as himself, bickering about birthday presents with his "cousin", Lieutenant Megan Russert. Film director Barry Levinson, who also executive produced "Homicide", acted as himself directing an episode for a show-within-a-show called "Homicide" in the episode, "The Documentary".  The Mayor of Baltimore (Kurt Schmoke) and the Governor of Maryland (Parris Glendening) made brief appearances in the episode about the death of Beau Felton, appearing at the memorial press conference for Felton's death in the line of duty.  Recurring characters of particular note include the Mahoney crime family. Luther Mahoney, played by Erik Dellums, appears in seasons four and five. Mahoney is a crime and drug kingpin who uses others to do his dirty work and masterfully manipulates the law to repeatedly escape conviction and hide his connection to the crimes committed by his underlings. At first, he is depicted as an almost friendly rival, with both Mahoney and the police mutually amused by Mahoney's antics. Gradually, however, the police—particularly Kellerman and Lewis—grow frustrated with Mahoney, until Lewis viciously beats him during an arrest, and Kellerman fatally shoots Mahoney under questionable circumstances.  In the following season, the Mahoney organization is taken over by Luther's sister Georgia Rae, played by Hazelle Goodman, who seeks both legal and illegal revenge against the Baltimore Police Department.  Mekhi Phifer makes several appearances as Junior Bunk, a dim-witted street thug who is initially depicted as someone with the potential to go straight. His crimes grow increasingly violent, however, and in his final appearance he is revealed to be Georgia Rae's son, with the real name "Nathaniel Lee Mahoney". Junior's final appearance takes place after the character has been hardened by jail time, and the once minor criminal deals the homicide department a major blow with a multiple shooting in the police station, killing three uniformed cops (extras) and injuring two of the main characters. In retaliation, the police declare all-out war on the Mahoney crime organization. Several cops, including Bayliss, are injured, and several criminals, including Georgia Rae, are killed as a result; in addition, both Pembleton and Kellerman turn in their badges.

Episodes.

A&E Home Video (under license by NBC Entertainment) released all seven seasons of "Homicide: Life on the Street" on DVD in Region 1 between 2003–2005. The TV movie Homicide: The Movie was released on DVD in Region 1 by Trimark Pictures on May 22, 2001. A&E Home Entertainment also released a complete series set in collectible 'file cabinet' packaging on November 14, 2006. The complete series was subsequently re-released in regular packaging on October 20, 2009. These releases have been discontinued and are now out of print. FremantleMedia Ltd handled distribution rights of all 7 seasons via international.  On April 5, 2017, it was announced that Shout! Factory had acquired the rights to the series in Region 1 and would re-release "Homicide: Life on the Street - The Complete Series" on DVD on July 4, 2017.

Spin-off series.

The show inspired the spin-off "", which was shown exclusively online and did not include the regular cast.

Homicide: Life on the Street is an American police procedural television series chronicling the work of a fictional version of the Baltimore Police Department's Homicide Unit. It ran for seven seasons (122 episodes) on NBC from January 31, 1993 to May 21, 1999, and was succeeded by "" (2000), which served as the "de facto" series finale. The series was originally based on David Simon's book "" (1991). Many of the characters and stories used throughout the show were based on events depicted in the book.

Homicide (") est une série télévisée américaine en 122 épisodes de 45 minutes, créée par Paul Attanasio et diffusée entre le et le sur le réseau NBC.