Software used for Footprinting.

Wireshark

Uses of Footprinting.

It allows a hacker to gain information about the target system or network. This information can be used to carry out attacks on the system. That is the reason by which it may be named a Pre-Attack, since all the information is reviewed in order to get a complete and successful resolution of the attack. Footprinting is also used by ethical hackers and penetration testers to find security flaws and vulnerabilities within their own company's network before a malicious hacker does.

Types of Footprinting.

There are two types of Footprinting that can be used: active Footprinting and passive Footprinting. Active Footprinting is the process of using tools and techniques, such as performing a ping sweep or using the traceroute command, to gather information on a target. Active Footprinting can trigger a target's Intrusion Detection System (IDS) and may be logged, and thus requires a level of stealth to successfully do. Passive Footprinting is the process of gathering information on a target by innocuous, or, passive, means. Browsing the target's website, visiting social media profiles of employees, searching for the website on WHOIS, and performing a Google search of the target are all ways of passive Footprinting. Passive Footprinting is the stealthier method since it will not trigger a target's IDS or otherwise alert the target of information being gathered.

Crawling.

Crawling is the process of surfing the internet to get the required information about the target. The sites surfed can include the target's website, blogs and social networks. The information obtained by this method will be helpful in other methods.

WHOIS.

WHOIS is a web application used to get information about the target website, such as the administrator's e-mail address and details about the registration. WHOIS is a very large database and contains information of approximately all clearnet websites. It can be searched by domain name.

Search engines.

Search engines such as Google can also be used to gather information about the target system. It depends on how well one knows how to use search engines to collect information. If used properly, the attacker can gather lots of information about a company, its career and its policies etc.

Traceroute.

Information can also be gathered using the command Tracert ("traceroute"), which is used to trace a path between a user and the target system on the networks. That way it becomes clear where a request is being forwarded and through which devices. In Linux systems, the tracepath and traceroute commands are also available for doing traceroute operations.

Negative web search.

Negative web search will reveal some other websites when performed on the target website. Negative websites can act as resources for insight about the flaws of the target website.

Information to be Gathered.

If the attack is to be performed on a company, then the following information will be gathered.

See also.

Basics of Footprinting

Footprinting (also known as reconnaissance) is the technique used for gathering information about computer systems and the entities they belong to. To get this information, a hacker might use various tools and technologies. This information is very useful to a hacker who is trying to crack a whole system.

Le est la technique consistant à récolter de l'information sur des systèmes informatiques et toutes les entités auxquelles ils sont rattachés. Cela est effectué par le biais de plusieurs techniques :


Early life and education.

Tsui was born on May 2, 1989. He grew up in Blue Bell, Pennsylvania, a street away from Kurt Schneider, his producer and accompanist, with whom he attended Wissahickon High School. He was active in high school musicals, including "Joseph and the Amazing Technicolor Dreamcoat", "Urinetown", "Titanic", and "Miss Saigon".  Tsui attended Yale University, where he was a member of Davenport College and The Duke's Men of Yale, an all-male acappella group. He graduated from Yale with a major in classical Greece in 2011. He discovered his interest in the subject while taking ancient Greek at Yale during the summer in high school.

Career.

2009–2010: Career Beginnings.

Tsui appeared on "ABC World News" on October 28, 2009, singing The Jackson 5's "I'll Be There". He went on to perform on "The Bonnie Hunt Show" in November of the same year, where he was interviewed and performed Whitney Houston's "I Wanna Dance with Somebody (Who Loves Me)". He also appeared on "It's On with Alexa Chung", singing Journey's "Don't Stop Believin'" for the cast of American television series "Glee".  Kurt Schneider produced the musical web series "College Musical", a parody of the "High School Musical" film series, in fall of 2008. Four episodes were released, with Tsui playing the lead role of Cooper. Following the popularity of the series, it was announced that a film would be made based on the series. "" premiered online in September 2014.  In 2010, Tsui released his first cover album, "The Covers". The album, released on February 9, 2010, features covers of hits from Michael Jackson, Journey, Beyoncé, Jason Mraz, and Lady Gaga among other artists. On February 22, 2010, Tsui appeared on "The Oprah Winfrey Show" with his producer Kurt Schneider. The two were interviewed, and Tsui performed his medley of Michael Jackson songs. On December 2, 2010, Tsui gave an interview on "The Ellen DeGeneres Show" and performed a mashup of Katy Perry's "Firework" and Bruno Mars' "Grenade" with Schneider. In December 2010, Tsui collaborated with fellow YouTube singer Christina Grimmie, singing "Just a Dream", which is the most viewed video on the YouTube channel "KurtHugoSchneider", with more than 100 million views.

2011–2012: YouTube and rise in popularity.

In 2011, Tsui debuted his own YouTube channel, apart from his collaboration with Kurt Schneider. On February 3, 2011, Tsui was featured on Britney Spears' official website, along with his cover of "Hold It Against Me". In November 2011, he made a mashup with "It Will Rain" by Bruno Mars, and "Set Fire to the Rain" by Adele.  In March 2011, lyrics from Tsui's song "Start Again" was featured in the novel "Seeker" by Andy Frankham-Allen.  Tsui was mentioned three times by Tom Hanks when he addressed the Yale class of 2011. Tsui was also featured in the 2010 Yale Admissions video. The video, entitled "That's Why I Chose Yale", reveals information about the college with students and admission officers breaking out into song across the campus. In 2017, he co-starred in a new admissions video entitled "That's Why I Toured Yale". His Chinese fanbase refers to him as "Yale Guy".  In fall 2011, Tsui was a digital correspondent for the third season of NBC's a capella competition show, "The Sing-Off". He recorded a "Judges Medley" that included Sara Bareilles' "Love Song", Ben Folds' "Gone" and Shawn Stockman's (Boyz II Men) "On Bended Knee".

2013–present: Album, tours, future projects.

In 2013, Tsui cover a song for a capella single "Meant to Be" from the Disney Channel Original Movie "Teen Beach Movie."  Tsui released his first full-length original album, "Make It Up," in May 2013 after a raising more than $64,000 through the crowdfunding site Kickstarter. The project was produced by Kurt Schneider.  In summer 2013, Tsui and Schneider toured across Canada and the US with Alex Goot, Against the Current, Landon Austin, Luke Conard, and King the Kid. In September 2013, Tsui and Schneider performed in Singapore and Hong Kong.  Tsui continues to make covers of popular music on his YouTube channel while also collaborating with other YouTubers. In September 2013, Sam published a duet with Elle Winter entitled "Unsinkable (Music Is Medicine)" online. The proceeds of the single went towards pediatric cancer research as a part of the Music Is Medicine's Donate a Song project. On October 3, 2013, Sam uploaded a photo via Instagram, posing alongside Jason Mraz and Hunter Hayes. He announced that he shot a video with the two artists and would be releasing it soon. It was later revealed that he has collaborated with other YouTubers on a mash-up of their song, "Everybody's Got Somebody but Me".  Tsui's vocals were featured in a promotional video for Coca-Cola that premiered on January 14, 2014. In 2013, Kurt Hugo Schneider and Coca-Cola teamed up to create music videos featuring creative covers of two 2011 hits namely Calvin Harris' "Feel So Close" and Of Monsters and Men's "Little Talks" for a campaign called "The Sounds of AHH". The commercial edits of both premiered on the inaugural episode of season 13 of "American Idol" on January 14, 2014, on FOX with "Feel So Close" featuring the vocals of Tsui whereas Schneider makes music playing only Coca-Cola bottles, glasses and cans. Tsui shares in co-playing on the bottles alongside Schneider.  In summer of 2014, Tsui and Schneider returned to Asia, performing in Kuala Lumpur, Manila, Singapore, Hong Kong, and Taipei. They were also scheduled to perform in Beijing and Shanghai, but those shows did not push through.  In 2016, Tsui starred in an episode of "Bones" as collegiate acappella singing group member Jake Eisenberg.

Personal life.

On April 15, 2016, Tsui posted a coming out video on his YouTube channel in which he announced that he is in a long-term relationship with fellow musician and collaborator Casey Breves. They met while they were both at Yale (Tsui a freshman and Breves a junior) and were both part of an a cappella group on campus. Tsui and Breves wed on April 16, 2016.  His father is Chinese and emigrated from Hong Kong. His mother is White and from Iowa. His paternal grandmother was a chinese opera singer. He has one brother.  Tsui attended weekend Chinese school as a child and can speak some Cantonese.

Samuel Tsui (born May 2, 1989) is an American singer/songwriter, video producer and actor. He rose to fame as an internet celebrity known for doing covers and musical medleys of songs by pop artists like Beyoncé, Lady Gaga, and Michael Jackson. He has since released original songs and expanded to mashups.

Samuel « Sam » Story Tsui, né le à Blue Bell, Pennsylvanie est un chanteur et musicien sino-américain qui s'est fait connaître grâce à internet et notamment au site de partage de vidéos YouTube. Il s'est spécialisé dans la reprise de titres populaires, parfois à travers des medleys ou des mashups. Il vit actuellement à New Haven, Connecticut. Son premier album "Make It Up" est sorti le.


Biography.

Tibors is one of eight trobairitz with "vidas", short Occitan biographies, often more hypothetical than factual. Research into Tibors' the poet's identification with an independently recorded individual is hampered by the popularity of her name in Occitania during the period of her life.  Tibors was the daughter of Guilhem d'Omelas and Tibors d'Aurenga, who brought her husband the castle of "Sarenom", probably Sérignan-du-Comtat in Provence or perhaps Sérignan in the Roussillon. Sadly for historians and Occitanists, Tibors and Guilhem had two daughters, both named Tibors, after their mother. It is possible but unlikely that Tibors d'Aurenga was herself the trobairitz. Since she was married in 1129 or 1130 and her daughters were married by 1150, it is unlikely they were born long after.  Raimbaut d'Orange, the famous troubadour, was a younger of son of Guilhem and Tibors and thus a younger brother of the two Tibors sisters. In 1150 the elder Tibors died and by her will left Raimbaut, then a minor, under the guardianship of her elder daughter and her son-in-law, the trobairitz' second husband, Bertran dels Baus. The younger sister, "Tiburgette", was the recipient of a wedding gift from their father in that year (1150). In the will of her father, Guilhem, Tibors is referred to as "autre Tiburge" (the other Tibors), while her younger sister is given pre-eminence.  By 1150 (or 1155 if the dating of Tibors d'Aurenga's will is incorrect), Goufroy de Mornas, Tibors' first husband, had already died. She had no recorded children by him, but with Bertrand she had three sons: Uc, father of Barral of Marseille; Bertran, father of Raimon; and Guilhem, also a troubadour.  Tibors is said to have died soon after her husband (1180) in 1181 or 1182, but a document of her son Uc dated 13 August 1198 refers to "the advice of his mother Tibors".

Poetry.

Of Tibors' work only a single stanza of a "canso" with its attached "vida" and "razo" has survived. Nonetheless she is mentioned in an anonymous ballad dated to between 1220 and 1245, where she acts as the judge of a game of poetry. Her only work goes like this:

Tibors de Sarenom (French "Tiburge"; c. 1130 – aft. 1198) is the earliest attestable trobairitz, active during the classical period of medieval Occitan literature at the height of the popularity of the troubadours.

Tibors de Sarenom, également connue comme Thiburge II ou Tiburge II d'Orange (vers 1130 – après 1198), était une poétesse occitane, l'une des premières trobairitz attestées, active durant la période classique de la littérature occitane médiévale.


Navire de plaisance à utilisation commerciale

Types.

There are also two sub categories of yacht charters:  1. Un-inspected passenger yachts. Also known as 6-packs which are so named because they carry only six or fewer paying passengers.  6-pack yachts are great for smaller groups of six or less, and these yachts have a variety of types and sizes. For example, six packs can be sailing yachts, fishing boats, or power yachts and anything in between. While this type of charter is the least expensive of the two, you will still need a licensed captain, or skipper with you at all times. On six-pack charters you can choose your menu and the type of cruise you wish to take be it bay sailing or an ocean voyage.  2. Inspected passenger ships. Inspected charters are designed to carry groups larger than six passengers. These charter vessels can range from large sailing yachts to dinner cruise ships. These charters are designed to carry up to several hundred passengers. Inspected vessels can offer many different features that an un-inspected passenger yacht can not. Features like catering, live music, or a DJ are available on these larger ships.  Several factors determine the cost of a charter, including the size of the yacht, its age, its pedigree, the number of crew, time of sailing (whether it is the high season or not), and the destination. The worldwide range of charter prices (per person per week) is estimated to be from $1000 up to and in excess of $20,000.  Megayacht or Superyacht that are over 150-foot to 300-foot is estimated respectively to be from $45,000 up to $3,000,000 (per week)

Skippered charter.

Skippered charter means that the yacht is rented with a professional crew consisting of a skipper/captain who is responsible for the maneuvering of the yacht. In several cases the skipper is aided by other crew members as well.  Skippered charter is normally used for larger yachts for which a skipper/captain with documented special nautical skills and experience is required.

Cabin charters.

Having become quite popular in the last few years, cabin charters represent the ideal solution to enjoy sailing cruises for those who don’t yet have the skills for a bareboat charter or those who want to board a crewed luxury yacht, but can’t justify the cost of acquiring one.  The charter costs regard just a berth aboard the yacht and the provisioning, both for food and fuel. The cabin can be shared with a friend or even with a travel mate met on board, but the expertise and knowledge of a local skipper is guaranteed and there is no caution to be paid for possible damages to the yacht. The costs vary a lot: from very little like €500 for a week to more luxury offers starting from €700 where each cabin has its own private bathroom and the crew on board will take on all cooking and cleaning duties. Super yacht charters can cost €125,000–€240,000 per week plus expenses.

Yacht chartering is the practice of renting, or chartering, a sailboat or motor yacht and travelling to various coastal or island destinations. This is usually a vacation activity, but it also can be a business event.

Un navire de plaisance à utilisation commerciale est un bateau de plaisance utilisé pour le transport de passagers à titre onéreux, pris en charge par un équipage professionnel. Ces yachts sont aussi utilisés en location avec skipper ou équipage.


Award statute.

Classes.

The Civic Decoration is awarded in two categories: These classes are common to all the types of the Civic Decoration.

Award criteria.

The Civic Decoration for long and distinguished service in the administration and firefighters is awarded:  The Civic Medal Third Class (bronze), which was principally intended for award to indigenous personnel in the colonies, is no longer awarded.  The Decoration for exceptional acts of bravery, devotion or humanity is awarded on a case-by-case basis. The Civic Cross First Class for exceptional acts of bravery, devotion or humanity is only awarded posthumously.

Award description.

The badge of the Civic Cross is a white enamelled maltese cross with the central medallion bearing the monogram of King Leopold I or of King Albert I (for the 1914–1918 Cross) on the obverse and reverse. Between the arms of the Cross are: The cross 1st class is gilt, the second class is silver.  The Medal is vaguely octagonal and looks like a closed florian cross, it bears the relief image of the Civic Cross. The medal for 1914–1918 is topped with crossed swords, the medal for 1940–1945 is topped with crossed flaming torches. The medal first class is gold, the second class is silver and the third class is bronze.  The ribbons of the Civic Decoration and Medal differ with the type of award: The ribbons of the war time awards are adorned with a metal clasp bearing 1914–1918 or 1940–1945.

The Civic Decoration (, ) is a civilian decoration of the Kingdom of Belgium. It was first established by royal decree on 21 July 1867 to reward exceptional acts of bravery, devotion or humanity. A further royal decree of 15 January 1885 extended the award to state civil servants for long service by a mere change of ribbon. The award statute was once again amended by royal decree in 1902 to include long service in the Civic Guard and firefighters, each with its distinctive ribbon.

La Décoration civique ("") est une décoration civile belge. Elle fut instituée le 21 juillet 1867 pour récompenser aussi bien les services rendus au pays après une longue et méritante carrière dans l'administration que ce soit au niveau local, provincial ou national que les actes exceptionnels de courage, de bravoure, de dévotion et d'humanité. La décoration existe en une version différente pour les pompiers.


Style.

After the departure of Mark "Porkchop" Holder, the guitarist, "Black Diamond Heavies" set out on a venture to take on the blues from a new perspective, with the only instruments being a keyboard and drums. The self-proclaimed "vagrants/citizens of the world" created a raw, stripped down punk/blues sound, which could be described as dirty or "whiskey-stained". Myers' soulful, "raspy growl" is reminiscent of and has been compared to singer Tom Waits.

History.

You Damn Right EP.

Black Diamond Heavies formed in 2004 as a three piece band: John Wesley Myers on the keyboard and vocals, Mark "Porkchop" Holder on guitar, harmonica and lead vocals, and Van Campbell on the drums. They soon after started performing and in 2005 the Black Diamond Heavies self-released their first EP, You Damn Right. In 2006 Holder left the band after becoming discouraged with the hardships of life on the road. Myers and Campbell decided to continue the band as a two-man act. Soon after, in the summer of 2006, the band was given a record deal with Alive Records.

Every Damn Time.

In 2007, with the band now signed to Alive Records, Black Diamond Heavies released their first studio album, Every Damn Time.

A Touch of Someone Else's Class.

In 2008, Black Diamond Heavies released their second studio album under Alive Records, A Touch Of Someone Else's Class. For their second studio album Black Diamond Heavies turned to Dan Auerbach of The Black Keys who produced the album while it was recorded at his Akron Analog Studio.

Alive As Fuck.

Since their inception, Black Diamond Heavies have been hyped as great live performers, with their live performances being termed as "both 'Pentecostal' and 'Demon-Possessed'." In 2009 they were able to show the world what the hype was all about, with their first live album, Alive As Fuck, recorded during a gig at the Masonic Lodge, in Covington, KY. This album was released under the Alive Records label.

Solitary Pleasure.

In December 2010 Myers recorded a solo album, Solitary Pleasure, under his pseudonym, James Leg. The album is set to be released on April 5, 2011 under the Alive Records label. Jim Diamond (music producer) of Ghetto Recorders mixed Solitary Pleasure.

Black Diamond Heavies is a United States blues rock band originating from Nashville, Tennessee. The band is composed of John Wesley Myers aka Reverend James Leg, formerly of The Immortal Lee County Killers, on bass keys, Fender Rhodes, organ, and vocals with Van Campbell on drums.

Black Diamond Heavies est un groupe de blues rock américain, originaire de Nashville, dans le Tennessee. Il est composé de Reverend James Leg (de son vrai nom John Wesley Myers) et de Van Campbell. Le groupe devient un duo entre James Leg et Mark Holder en 2006. Ils sont publiés chez Alive Records.


Personal life.

Plíšková was born to Radek Plíšek and Martina Plíšková in Louny, and has an identical twin sister, Karolína, who is also a tennis player, and a former world No. 1.

Junior career.

Plíšková began competing professionally in 2005. She played her first ITF junior final at the Malta ITF Junior Tournament in 2006, losing to Cristina Sánchez Quintanar. Plíšková made her Grand Slam debut at the 2010 Australian Open and reached the semifinals. She defeated the first seed Tímea Babos in the quarterfinals, but then lost to Laura Robson. Robson was eventually beaten in the final by Plíšková's twin sister Karolína. At the 2010 French Open, Plíšková was defeated by Danka Kovinić in the first round. She then went on to win the 2010 Aegon International junior tournament, beating Tara Moore. Plíšková eventually won the 2010 Wimbledon Championships – Girls' Singles, defeating Sachie Ishizu.

Professional career.

2006–2009.

Plíšková played her first WTA Tour qualifications at the 2006 ECM Prague Open, losing to Kirsten Flipkens. She proceeded with competing on the ITF Circuit.  In 2007, Plíšková was awarded a wild card at the ECM Prague Open but lost to the first seed Marion Bartoli. She also competed in the doubles event with her sister Karolína, but they lost to fellow Czechs Lucie Hradecká and Renata Voráčová in the first round.  In 2008, she won a wild card for the Prague Open in both singles and doubles. In singles, Plíšková fell to Roberta Vinci in straight sets.  In 2009, she reached her first ITF singles final in Pesaro, but was defeated by Anastasia Grymalska.

2010.

Plíšková won her first ITF title in May at Kurume, beating her sister in the final. At the Prague Open, she lost to the fifth seed Anabel Medina Garrigues in the first round. In doubles, she and her sister lost to Klaudia Jans and Alicja Rosolska in the opening round. She then played her first senior Grand Slam at the US Open. She defeated Lauren Albanese and Arantxa Rus, but then lost to Lourdes Domínguez Lino in the final qualifying round.

2011.

Plíšková was given a wild card into the qualifying rounds of the Wimbledon Championships. She defeated all three of her opponents to qualify for her first career senior Grand Slam.

2012.

Plíšková qualified for the Wimbledon Championships and won her first grand slam main draw match against Polona Hercog of Slovenia. However, in round two, she lost to 24th seed Francesca Schiavone in straight sets. She then qualified for the US Open where she upset 18th seed Julia Görges in the first round; but again, failed to make it past the second round, losing to Luxembourg's Mandy Minella.

2013.

Plíšková began her season at the Brisbane International. She lost in the final round of qualifying to Australian wildcard Bojana Bobusic. At the Apia International Sydney, Plíšková was defeated in the first round of qualifying by Andrea Hlaváčková. In Melbourne at the Australian Open, Plíšková won her first-round match over Australian wildcard Sacha Jones. In the second round, she lost to twenty-seventh seed Sorana Cîrstea.  Playing in Paris at the Open GDF Suez, Plíšková was defeated in the first round of qualifying by Lara Arruabarrena Vecino. Next, Plíšková played at a $25,000 ITF tournament in Grenoble, France. She lost in the quarterfinals to Sandra Záhlavová. At the Dubai Tennis Championships, Plíšková was defeated in the first round of qualifying to Kurumi Nara. Seeded eighth at the Malaysian Open, Plíšková lost in the first round to qualifier Zarina Diyas. In Indian Wells at the BNP Paribas Open, Plíšková was defeated in the first round of qualifying to American wildcard Grace Min. At the Sony Open Tennis, Plíšková lost in the final round of qualifying to Jana Čepelová. After failing to qualify in Miami, Plíšková stayed in Florida to compete at The Oaks Club Challenger. She was defeated in her quarterfinal match by eventual finalist Estrella Cabeza Candela.  Plíšková began her clay-court season at the Family Circle Cup. She lost in the final round of qualifying to Caroline Garcia. Playing at the first edition of the BNP Paribas Katowice Open, Plíšková was defeated in the first round by third seed Klára Zakopalová. Seeded second at the first edition of the Lale Cup, Plíšková fell in her quarterfinal match to Ana Vrljić. Seeded fifth at the Empire Slovak Open, Plíšková lost in the second round to Kateřina Siniaková.

2014.

Plíšková won another two titles on WTA Tour with her sister Karolína in doubles.

2015.

She upset Svetlana Kuznetsova in Wimbledon to reach the third round of a grand slam for the first time in her career. She went on to lose to Monica Niculescu in the next round.

2016: First WTA title.

Plíšková defeated Samantha Stosur in the first round of the Australian Open, but lost to Monica Puig after setting a new WTA record for the most aces (31) in a match, but failed to convert five match points. In Tashkent Open later, she went on to win her maiden WTA level title defeating defending champion Nao Hibino.

2017: Second WTA final at home.

Pliskova started the season at Shenzhen where she lost to Johanna Konta in three sets in the quarterfinals. In the Australian Open, she went on to lose to world No. 1 and defending champion, Angelique Kerber, in the third round.  She went on to defeat Roberta Vinci in the first round of Dubai Tennis Championships before losing to Lauren Davis in the second round in three sets.  In the BNP Paribas Open, she reached the third round, where she faced Dominika Cibulková dominated the first set 6–2 before losing the last two sets in tiebreaks and having a match point at 5–4 in the deciding set. She lost her opener at the Miami Open to Mandy Minella also in three sets. At the new WTA event Ladies Open Biel Bienne she reached the quarterfinals where she lost to her compatriot and later tournament champion Markéta Vondroušová in two sets. Pliskova then reached the final of the J&T Banka Prague Open, falling to Mona Barthel there. Pliskova won two matches in her other two WTA clay events but lost in the first round to Chloé Paquet in the French Open.  Pliskova had a decent grass court season, amassing four wins in the Ricoh Open, Mallorca Open, Aegon International and the Wimbledon Championships. She then proceeded to reach the final of an ITF 80K event back home in Prague, but then cut her finger on an electric fan at the Jiangxi International Women's Tennis Open, which resulted in her having to withdraw from her next two events. She returned to action in the Connecticut Open, losing to eventual champion Daria Gavrilova. In the US Open, she lost to Magdaléna Rybáriková in the second round.

2019.

At the 2019 Birmingham Classic, she and her sister Karolína became the first identical twins in WTA history to play each other in a main draw match. Kristýna beat her sister, who was ranked over 100 places above her.

Performance timelines.

"Only main-draw results in WTA Tour, Grand Slam tournaments, Fed Cup and Olympic Games are included in Win–Loss records."

Singles.

"Current through the suspension of the 2020 WTA Tour."  Notes

Kristýna Plíšková (; born 21 March 1992) is a Czech professional tennis player. Plíšková has won one singles and four doubles titles on the WTA Tour, as well as nine singles and eight doubles titles on the ITF Women's Circuit. On 31 July 2017, she reached her career-high singles ranking of world No. 35. On 24 February 2020, she peaked at No. 50 in the doubles rankings.

Kristýna Plíšková, née le à Louny, est une joueuse de tennis tchèque, professionnelle depuis 2009. En 2010, elle remporte le tournoi de Wimbledon junior. Elle remporte en double avec sa sœur un tournoi en 2013 et deux en 2014. Lors de l'Open d'Australie 2016, elle bat le record du nombre d'aces sur un match (31), mais perd le match. Finalement, c'est en, lors du tournoi de Tachkent, que Kristýna Plíšková remporte son premier « vrai » titre en WTA face à Nao Hibino. Avant cela, elle avait déjà remporté un tournoi en catégorie inférieure (un WTA 125) à Dalian. À noter que lors de ces deux tournois, elle gagne à chaque fois contre une Asiatique (Eguchi à Dalian et Hibino à Tachkent). Contre Misa Eguchi, elle remporte le match en trois sets. Même chose pour son match contre Nao Hibino, à Tachkent où elle s'impose 6-3, 2-6, 6-3.


Early life and junior career.

Heather Watson was born in Guernsey to Michelle and Ian Watson. Her mother is from Papua New Guinea and her father is British, the managing director of Guernsey Electricity from 1995 until retirement in 2010. She has one brother and two sisters. Heather Watson started playing tennis at the age of seven, and at age twelve she went to the Nick Bollettieri Tennis Academy in Florida.  In 2006, Watson won the British Under-14 Championship. The following year she won the British Under-16 Championship, and reached the semifinals of the British Under-18 Championship. She lost in the Under-18 semifinals again in 2008 to eventual winner Tara Moore. In October, Watson travelled to Pune in India to compete at the 2008 Commonwealth Youth Games. There she won the gold medal, winning the final against Kyra Shroff. Mother Michelle left her job in 2008 to travel full-time with her daughter around the World Junior Circuit.  Watson played her first senior tournament in March 2009 – the $25K Jersey Open, but lost in the second round to Katie O'Brien. At the beginning of July, she became the highest-ranked British junior, overtaking Laura Robson. She achieved her first senior women's world ranking on 27 July 2009, entering at No. 756. She won her first senior title at the Frinton $10K tournament. Watson beat Anna Fitzpatrick in the final. At the 2009 US Open, Watson was seeded 11th for the girls' singles. She reached the quarterfinals on 10 September before rain interrupted the tournament schedule. The tournament moved indoors and Watson beat second seed Noppawan Lertcheewakarn in the quarterfinal on 12 September. She played her semifinal on the same day and was victorious against Daria Gavrilova to reach the final, where she faced doubles partner Yana Buchina. Playing on court 7, Watson won in straight sets.  At 2009 French Open, Watson and her partner were the third seeds and reached the girls' doubles final where she and Tímea Babos faced the second seeded pair of Noppawan Lertcheewakarn and Elena Bogdan and were beaten in a match tie-break. Partnering Yana Buchina, that year they were the seventh seed at the Australian girls' doubles and sixth seed at the US Open girls' doubles, but they lost in the first round at both tournaments. At Wimbledon she teamed up with Magda Linette and they were seeded sixth in the girls' doubles but eliminated in the second round.

Junior Slam results.

Australian Open: QF (2009)
 French Open: 1R (2009)
 Wimbledon: 1R (2008, 2009)
 US Open: W (2009)

Professional career.

2009.

Watson began competing on the ITF Women's Circuit in March when she entered the qualifying tournament for the $10K event in Bath, Somerset, but failed to win a match. She entered her next tournament, a $25K event in Jersey, on a wild card and beat compatriot Jade Curtis in the first round. She was defeated by another Briton, Katie O'Brien, in round two. In July, she reached her first ITF semifinal as a qualifier in the $10K grass-court tournament in Felixstowe before losing to Anna Smith. She went on to qualify for the next tournament she entered and again faced Smith in the semifinals; however this time Watson was victorious and went on to beat Anna Fitzpatrick in the final to win her first ITF title. Continuing to compete on the ITF Circuit for the rest of the season, Watson beat Melanie South in round one of a $50K in Barnstaple in October before being defeated by Kristina Mladenovic in round two. Watson ended the 2009 season with a world singles ranking of No. 588.

2010.

Watson began 2010 with a wild card into the $25K event in Sutton, London, where she made the quarterfinals. She immediately flew to the $100k Midland event, losing to qualifier and fellow 17-year-old Beatrice Capra in the first round. Two weeks later, she entered the $25K event in Hammond, Louisiana. Watson qualified and went on to reach her second quarterfinal of the year, defeating former world No. 7 and two-time Grand Slam semifinalist Nicole Vaidišová, and fifth seed Monique Adamczak, en route. The following week Watson entered another 25K event in Clearwater, Florida. In the final qualifying round, she lost to fellow Brit Georgie Stoop before being handed a lucky loser spot in the main draw and defeating Anna Tatishvili in the first round. She lost to Zhou Yimiao in round two. Watson was then given a wild card into the main draw of the Sony Ericsson Open but lost to Tsvetana Pironkova in the first round. This was the first time in her career that Watson competed on the WTA Tour. In April, Watson reached the quarterfinals of a $25K, this one in Jackson, Mississippi. Following this she qualified for the WTA event in Charleston, South Carolina. before losing to Elena Vesnina in the first round.  Watson's grass-court season began at the Aegon Classic which she entered courtesy of a wild card, losing to Alla Kudryavtseva in the first round. At the Aegon International in Eastbourne, Watson qualified for the main draw by defeating Anna Smith, Tsvetana Pironkova and Bojana Jovanovski. Watson defeated world No. 48, Aleksandra Wozniak, in the first round. In the second round though she was defeated by former top-10 player Victoria Azarenka. She then entered the first Grand Slam of her career after receiving a wild card into the main draw of Wimbledon. Watson met Romina Oprandi in the first round and lost in three sets. Moving back onto hard courts, her next tournament was a $25K tournament in Wrexham. She defeated four fellow British players (including Anna Fitzpatrick and Naomi Broady) on her way to the final, where she defeated former top-30 player Sania Mirza to win her second ITF title. After this, Watson continued to compete on the ITF circuit and in the qualifying rounds for WTA events. In September, at the $75K tournament in Shrewsbury, she defeated world No. 90 and former top-30 player Sabine Lisicki in straight sets before losing in the quarterfinals to Eva Birnerová. In October 2010 she was seeded fifth for the women's singles at the Commonwealth Games, taking the rare opportunity to represent Guernsey. She eventually lost to top seed, Anastasia Rodionova of Australia, in the quarterfinals. Partnering Patrick Ogier, Watson also reached the quarterfinals of the mixed doubles where they were defeated by the third seeds Sarah Borwell and Ken Skupski, representing England.

2011.

Watson began the season by qualifying for the ASB Classic. She continued her winning streak in the main tournament and beat ninth seed Carla Suárez Navarro to get into the quarterfinals, where she lost to Peng Shuai. She also made the quarterfinals of the doubles tournament, partnering Kurumi Nara.  Watson then moved on to the Australian Open, where she beat Kristina Mladenovic in the first round of qualifying. She then qualified for the Cellular South Cup, beating Andrea Hlaváčková and Stéphanie Foretz Gacon in the first and second rounds respectively to reach her second quarterfinal of the year. She lost to Evgeniya Rodina. She also reached the quarterfinals of the doubles tournament partnering Anna-Lena Grönefeld.  On 3 April 2011, Watson won two matches to qualify for the Family Circle Cup, where she lost a close three-set match to Christina McHale in the first round.  Watson next attempted to qualify for the Estoril Open. In the first round of qualifying, she beat former world No. 17, Karolina Šprem. She went on to beat Katarzyna Piter in the second round of qualifying, but eventually lost to Tamira Paszek in the final qualifying round.  Watson qualified for the French Open. She beat Ioana Raluca Olaru and Sally Peers in the first and second rounds respectively to reach the final round, where she defeated Stefanie Vögele to gain a place in the main draw for the first time. This was the first time a British woman had qualified for the French Open since Kate Brasher, the daughter of Shirley Bloomer and Chris Brasher, in 1983. She played French wild card Stéphanie Foretz Gacon in the first round and won. By winning this match, Watson became the first British woman since Clare Wood in 1994, to reach the second round of the French Open. The victory saw her break into the top 100 for the first time. She lost to 16th seed Kaia Kanepi in the second round.  Watson continued her good form entering the grass court season when she beat 15th seed Chanelle Scheepers in the first round of the Aegon Classic. She followed this up by beating Misaki Doi in the second round. However, she lost to third seed and eventual semifinalist Peng Shuai in the third round.  On 22 June 2011, Watson played Mathilde Johansson in her first round match in the Wimbledon Championships, winning the opening set before suffering an arm injury in the second set. Johansson then went on to win in three sets. On 25 June 2011, Heather and her mixed doubles partner Ross Hutchins beat Marcelo Melo and Rennae Stubbs in the mixed doubles.  On 29 August 2011, in the first round of the US Open, Watson lost in three sets to former champion Maria Sharapova. After the match, Sharapova stated "There's no doubt that she's a great up-and-coming player".

2012: First WTA title.

At the start of 2012 Heather Watson suffered an ankle sprain. She then lost in the first round of the Australian Open to the eventual champion Victoria Azarenka.  Watson was selected for the British Fed Cup Team to play in the Europe/Africa Group-1 match at Eilat, Israel on 1–4 February 2012. In the group stages she played doubles with Laura Robson, defeating pairs from Portugal and the Netherlands and Israel in the group stages. Robson and Watson were not required to play their doubles in the play-off match against Austria as Anne Keothavong and Elena Baltacha won their singles rubbers, and the 2–0 lead qualified the team for a place in the World Group II promotion play-off in April 2012.  Watson won three rounds in qualifying for the French Open at Roland Garros in May 2012. She then defeated Elena Vesnina in the first round, matching her 2011 result in the tournament. In the second round she was defeated by the 25th seed Julia Görges of Germany.  Watson, ranked 103, beat world No. 52, Iveta Benešová of the Czech Republic, in her first singles win at Wimbledon in June 2012. She then beat Jamie Hampton of the USA, becoming the first British woman since 2002 to reach the third round of Wimbledon. In the third round Watson lost to the third seed and eventual runner-up Agnieszka Radwańska.  In the Stanford Classic, Heather Watson lost in the second round to world No. 37, Yanina Wickmayer of Belgium, after a victory over the world No. 49, Sloane Stephens from America. Watson won the doubles at the Stanford Classic, where she played with Marina Erakovic to beat Vania King and Jarmila Gajdošová in a second set tiebreak. This was her first title on the full WTA Tour.  At the Mercury Insurance Open in Carlsbad, she beat Eleni Daniilidou to set up a second round meeting with qualifier Chan Yung-jan. However, she lost the match.  She received an ITF wild card into the singles tournament at the London Olympics, where she defeated Silvia Soler Espinosa, before losing her second-round match to Maria Kirilenko. She also played ladies' doubles in the Olympic tournament with Laura Robson, losing in the first round to Angelique Kerber and Sabine Lisicki.  Her next tournament was the Texas Open where in the singles she lost to Yanina Wickmayer in the first round. However, she went on to win the doubles competition alongside Erakovic for her second WTA doubles title of the year.  Heather Watson received automatic entry into the main draw of the US Open but was beaten in the first round by Li Na. In the doubles she and Erakovic had to retire in the first round.  After this she played in the Bell Challenge and lost in the first round to Mona Barthel. In the doubles tournament, playing with Alicja Rosolska, Watson reached the final, but they lost to Tatjana Malek and Kristina Mladenovic.  Heather Watson qualified for the Toray Pan Pacific Open and beat Sabine Lisicki in the first round, but then lost to Maria Sharapova.  Heather Watson made a WTA singles final for the first time in her career at the HP Open where she beat Polona Hercog, sixth seed Anabel Medina Garrigues, Pauline Parmentier and Misaki Doi. In the final, she saved four match points to beat Chang Kai-chen of Chinese Taipei in a match lasting three hours and twelve minutes. With this win, Watson attained a top-50 ranking for the first time in her career, at the same time overtaking compatriot Laura Robson as the British No. 1. Watson also became the first Briton to win a WTA singles title since Sara Gomer in 1988. She also made the doubles final in the same event with Kimiko Date-Krumm, but lost to Raquel Kops-Jones and Abigail Spears.

2013.

Watson began the year in the top 50 and therefore qualified for the Australian Open. She reached round two for the first time in her career thanks to a three set victory against the Romanian Alexandra Cadanțu. In the second round, Watson came back from trailing Ksenia Pervak by a set and 6–3 in the tie break, to win in three sets. She faced world No. 4, Agnieszka Radwańska, in the third round, where she was beaten in two sets. This run saw Watson rise to a career-high world ranking of 40.  Watson's next tournament after the Australian Open was the Pattaya Open where she was the eighth seed. In the first round Watson comfortably defeated Tímea Babos, setting up a second round meeting with Latvia Anastasija Sevastova. Watson surprisingly lost but picked herself up to help Great Britain reach a World Group II play-off tie in the Fed Cup which included impressive victories over Tímea Babos of Hungary and Tsvetana Pironkova of Bulgaria in the all-important Euro/Africa Group I play-off.  Following the success with the Fed Cup team, Watson's next tournament was the U.S. Indoor Championships in Memphis where she was seeded fourth. In the first round she overcame a tense battle with world No. 109, Galina Voskoboeva. She then defeated Andrea Hlaváčková in another three-setter before meeting Stefanie Vögele in the quarterfinals.  Watson was forced to miss Great Britain's Fed Cup Play-off against Argentina after contracting glandular fever.  Watson's first game back from glandular fever was at the French Open. Despite playing well, Watson lost to Stefanie Vögele in three sets, saying after the match she knew it would be tough but that she was very disappointed.  Following the French Open Watson moved her attention to the grass season, where she entered the Aegon Classic in Edgbaston. Seeded 14th, she defeated Melinda Czink in the first round, her first victory since returning from her illness. However, Watson's success was short-lived after she lost to qualifier Alla Kudryavtseva. At the Aegon International Watson upset world No. 27, Varvara Lepchenko, in the first round in two sets. At Wimbledon she lost in the first round to Madison Keys.  Before Watson's U.S. hard court season she decided to change coaches by hiring Jeremy Bates and won her first post-Wimbledon match against wildcard Alexandra Mueller at the Citi Open. Watson then lost in the next round to 4th seed Alizé Cornet in straight sets.

2014.

Watson had to qualify for WTA Tour events, starting with the Brisbane International. Having won three qualifying matches, she received a tough draw against ninth seed Dominika Cibulková (who subsequently went on to reach the Australian Open Final) where she lost in straight sets. Thereafter Watson failed to qualify for the Sydney International, losing in the second round of qualifying to Bethanie Mattek-Sands.  With lots of ranking points to defend from last year's tournament, it was vital that Watson qualified for the Australian Open. Watson was one of five British players aiming to qualify. She was the sole qualifier, joining Andy Murray and Laura Robson in the main draw. Like in Brisbane, Watson was given a tough draw as she faced 31st seed Daniela Hantuchová and lost in three sets.  In the Fed Cup Watson continued her impressive run winning all four of her singles rubbers in the Europe/Africa Zone. Despite her victories, which included two top 40 scalps defeating Yvonne Meusburger of Austria and Romanian world No. 26, Sorana Cîrstea, Britain failed to qualify for the World Group II Playoff.  Watson then proceeded to compete at the second-tier ITF Dow Corning Tennis Classic in Midland, Michigan. She won in straight sets Anna Tatishvili, Sofia Arvidsson and Olga Govortsova to advance to the final, where she defeated Ksenia Pervak to win her fourth ITF title. Partnering Tatishvili, she also reached the doubles final and won after a tough tiebreak.  Watson re-entered the WTA top 100 after victory at the Sparta Prague Open in May. Watson defeated three top-100 players – Klára Koukalová, Karolína Plíšková and Tímea Babos – en route to the final of the $100K event. Due to poor weather, Watson was forced to play her semifinal with Babos on the final's day. She claimed a two-set victory before defeating sixth seed Anna Karolína Schmiedlová (who had played most of her semifinal the day before) in the final.  Her impressive form carried over to the French Open where she came through three rounds of qualifying to reach the main draw. In the first round, Watson defeated Barbora Záhlavová-Strýcová in straight sets before falling to world No. 4, Simona Halep, in the second round.  From the French Open, she went to play at Birmingham, the Aegon Classic where she lost to Alexandra Wozniak, even after holding three match points in the second set. After Birmingham, she continued a strong grass court season at Aegon International, where she defeated Tsvetana Pironkova in her first-round match, after dropping the first set. She then claimed her biggest win of her career, defeating sixth seed Flavia Pennetta in three sets, dropping the first set on a tie-break. After being given a walkover against Petra Kvitová, her great run came to an end losing in straight sets to Madison Keys, winning only four games.  From there, she headed to Wimbledon where she played Ajla Tomljanovic and defeated her in straight sets. She then went on to play Angelique Kerber, the 9th seed, in the second round. After losing the first set she played a strong second set to force the decider, which she lost.  Watson won her third WTA doubles title at the Baku Cup, partnering with Russian Alexandra Panova. In the final they crushed Raluca Olaru and Shahar Pe'er.  After the Baku Cup, Watson headed to the Rogers Cup, qualifying to reach the main draw. First, she defeated Mirjana Lučić-Baroni in three sets before beating Tamira Paszek. In the main draw, she defeated fellow qualifier Tereza Smitková and then caused an upset by defeating 10th seed Cibulková in a very tough match three set match that included two tiebreaks. She was eventually defeated by 8th seed Victoria Azarenka.  She then went to qualify for the Western & Southern Open, easing past Kristýna Plíšková and Shahar Pe'er to reach the first round. She faced Zhang Shuai in the first round but she lost in a very tight three sets.

2015: Second WTA title.

Watson started with an excellent run at the Hobart International where she won her second career WTA title. Watson didn't drop a set, beating Magdaléna Rybáriková, fifth seed Sloane Stephens ninth seed Roberta Vinci, and eighth seed Alison Riske. She went on to beat Madison Brengle in straight sets in the final to win the event. Watson then lost in the first round of the Australian open to Tsvetana Pironkova. During the BNP Paribas Open, Watson recorded wins over Julia Görges and Camila Giorgi to set up a meeting with world No. 8, Agnieszka Radwańska. Watson recorded her first top-ten win with a two set victory over Radwańska to move into the fourth round for the first time, where she fell to Carla Suárez Navarro in three sets.  At Wimbledon, Heather beat former world No. 5, Daniela Hantuchová, to make it into round 3 for just the second time in her career, guaranteeing her a pay day of £77,000. She was then pitted against the world No. 1, Serena Williams, and was two points away from winning but Williams held on to win the third set.

2016: Third WTA title, Wimbledon mixed-doubles champion.

Watson represented Great Britain at the Hopman Cup with Andy Murray. She was beaten by Caroline Garcia in the tie against France, but went on to win against Daria Gavrilova and Sabine Lisicki. Great Britain almost reached the final against Ukraine, but the Australia Green team of Daria Gavrilova and Nick Kyrgios won their tie against France, placing them ahead of Great Britain in the round robin results. Watson then moved on to Hobart to defend her title. The tournament was interrupted by multiple rain delays, with Watson losing in the quarterfinals, playing twice in one day.  Her final tournament in Australia was the Australian Open, where she was narrowly beaten in the first round by Tímea Babos. In Mexico at the Monterrey Open, Watson beat Kirsten Flipkens in the final to win her third WTA title. At Wimbledon Watson lost in the first round to Annika Beck in a match that spanned three days because of rain. She had greater success in the mixed doubles, which she won with Henri Kontinen in their Grand Slam final debut. Watson represented Great Britain at the 2016 Summer Olympics reaching round two in both singles and doubles and the quarterfinals in mixed doubles.  After the Miami Open in March, Watson only managed to win four main draw matches during the rest of the season. Watson's loss of form included her sixth consecutive first round loss at the US Open, losing to qualifier and world No. 165 Richèl Hogenkamp.

2017.

Starting the year at the Hopman Cup partnered with Daniel Evans, the duo were knocked out in the group stages, between them winning only one of nine matches. In Melbourne at the Australian Open, Watson beat seeded Samantha Stosur to get through to the second round. She was the Europe/Africa Zone Group I 2017 winner of the "Fed Cup Heart Award", which is awarded for commitment to their players team and the Fed Cup competition.  In May, Watson lost in straight sets to world No. 264, Alizé Lim, in the second round of the Cagnes-sur-Mer Challenger event.  At the French Open, Watson failed to qualify, losing to Richèl Hogenkamp in the third round of qualifying. She then was runner-up at an ITF tournament at Surbiton. Watson failed to make it past the first round at Nottingham and at Birmingham. She reached Eastbourne semifinals, defeating top-10 player Dominika Cibulková in the second round, Anastasia Pavlyuchenkova in the third and Barbora Strýcová in the quarterfinals, before falling to Caroline Wozniacki.  Post-Wimbledon, Watson only managed to win two WTA Tour main draw matches during the rest of the season, losing in the first round of tournaments four times, including her seventh consecutive first round loss at the US Open.

2018.

Watson lost in the first round of the Australian Open to Yulia Putintseva. She then lost in the first round of qualifying for the St. Petersburg Open to No. 142, Roberta Vinci. Her poor form continued with three further consecutive first round losses, in the Mexican Open, Indian Wells and Miami respectively.  In the Charleston Open, Watson lost in the first round to No. 118, Taylor Townsend. This marked her seventh consecutive loss.  In the April Fed Cup promotional play-off tie, Watson lost both her singles matches and the doubles match (with Johanna Konta), resulting in a 2–3 loss to Japan. These were her eighth and ninth consecutive singles match losses in 2018.  In late April, Watson lost her tenth consecutive singles match of 2018, losing in the first round of the Prague Open to world No. 86 Anna Karolina Schmiedlova.  In late May, Watson defeated Kateryna Bondarenko in the first round of the Nuremberg Cup. It was the first match Watson had managed to win since mid-January, bringing an end to a ten-match losing streak. She lost in straight sets to the world No. 203 Fanny Stollár the following day.  As number one seed, Watson lost in the first round of the Surbiton Trophy to world No. 184, Gabriella Taylor. This was Watson’s eighth first-round loss of 2018 (in 12 tournaments).  Watson lost in three consecutive first round matches during the grass court season, at Birmingham, Eastbourne and Wimbledon.  Watson was docked a point for swearing as she and Tatjana Maria lost to Katerina Siniakova and Barbora Krejcikova in the women's doubles last eight in Wimbledon.  Heading into the U.S. hard court series short of wins, Watson played in San Jose where she beat Claire Liu before succumbing to Venus Williams. Watson began to show signs of form when she reached the final of an ITF event in Canada before losing to Misaki Doi. Heather carried this form into US open qualifying where she won three successive matches to reach the main draw. These were Watson’s first wins at the US Open since winning the girls' singles at Flushing Meadows in 2009. However, Watson was unable to get her first ever senior main-draw win in New York as she lost in three sets to Ekaterina Makarova. Despite this disappointment, Watson reached her third semifinal of 2018 in Quebec, but she could not make the final as she lost a tight match against Pauline Parmentier. In spite of this loss, Heathers upturn in results restored her place in the world's top 100.

2019.

In the second round of Wimbledon Championships, Watson lost to Kontaveit in straight sets. In October, she reached the final of the Tianjin Open, where she lost to Rebecca Peterson.

2020: Fourth WTA Title.

Heather Watson's 2020 season started well, reaching the semi-finals as a qualifier in Hobart. On her way to the semis, Watson defeated top seed Elise Mertens, before losing to eventual champion Elena Rybakina. Watson took this form to Melbourne and the 2020 Australian Open, where she defeated Krystina Pliskova in the opening round, before losing to Elise Mertens 3-6 0-6.  In the Fed Cup play-offs, Watson represented Great Britain in their crunch tie away in Slovakia. Watson comfortably lost Anna Karolina Schmiedlova in the opening tie, before beating Rebecca Sramkova on the following day. Great Britain eventually lost the tie 3-1, after Harriet Dart failed to defeat Schmiedlova.  In February, Watson played in the Mexican Open in Acapulco, winning her fourth career WTA title. Watson defeated Coco Vandeweghe, Kateryna Bondarenko, Christina Mchale and Wang Xiyu to reach the final, where she faced Canadian qualifier Leylah Annie Fernandez in the final. Watson won the match 6–4, 6–7, 6–1, clinching the match on her tenth Championship point.

Playing style.

Watson is right-handed and plays with a two-handed backhand. Her game is often likened to that of Martina Hingis and she has been praised by Nick Bollettieri for her "amazing footwork". Her on-court intelligence, court sense and timing have been other talking points about her game. According to Nigel Sears, head of women's coaching at the Lawn Tennis Association, Watson possesses "a complete game", with variety including a consistent one-handed backhand slice, volleys and angles. Her game has been described as similar to ATP player Jo-Wilfried Tsonga due to her "big serve" and athleticism.  Upon Watson reaching the 2011 French Open second round, Andy Murray commented "When I saw her for the first time, I thought she was good. I like the way she moves on the court. She's very balanced". Bollettieri stated that Watson's "game is based on great movement, but she's not afraid to whack the ball. She's not easy to beat. She has very good ground strokes, though she can over-hit and strike the ball a little too flat at times".

Playing equipment.

In 2011, Watson used the Dunlop Biomimetic 300 Tour tennis racquet.

Personal life.

From 2016 to 2018, Watson was in a relationship with fellow tennis player Lloyd Glasspool. Since late 2019, she has been in a relationship with Yeovil Town footballer, Courtney Duffus.

Heather Miriam Watson (born 19 May 1992) is a Guernsey-born British professional tennis player. The former British No. 1 won the mixed-doubles title at the 2016 Wimbledon Championships with Henri Kontinen.

Heather Miriam Watson, née le à Saint-Pierre-Port (Guernesey), est une joueuse de tennis guernesiaise, professionnelle depuis 2010. Elle joue sous la nationalité britannique.


History.

Korketrekkeren was originally part of Frognerseterveien, a road which ran up to Frognerseteren. It was completed in 1867 to the orders of landlord Thomas Johannessen Heftye, who had been purchasing forest properties in the area. The section between Svendstuen and Frognerseteren gradually became known as Korktrekkeren. Holmen- og Voksenkollselskapet was established in 1888 and undertook a series of public infrastructure investments in the area, including the construction of roads, skiing trails, natural tobagganing tracks and a chapel. The property was given to Kristiania Municipality (today Oslo Municipality) in 1894. Tobagganing became a popular sport from the 1880s and Holmen- og Voksenkollselskapet rented out sleds which were permitted to be used on roads and designated tracks after 19:00 on evenings with moonlight.  Norsk Vinterturistforening was founded in 1899 to work towards encouraging English tourists to visit Oslo, specifically by building tobogganing tracks. A committee was established in 1904 to look into building a new tobogganing track in the Holmenkollen area. It proposed that two new tracks be built, one from Voksenkollveien to Peisestuen, and one from Peisestuen to Midtstuen, and that Korketrekkeren be upgraded to allow for safer tobogganing. The investments cost 7,000 Norwegian krone (NOK) and the annual operating costs estimated at NOK 2,000. The investments were financed with NOK 2,000 by Christiania Brænnevinssamlag and NOK 5,000 by Akeforeningen. The latter was established in 1905 and was also responsible to operating the track. In 1898, the Holmenkollen Line was opened to Besserud. One of the line's main revenue sources was transporting city-dwellers to the recreational area of Nordmarka where they would go skiing. An alternative activity was tobogganing down the hill back to Majorstuen. The operator Holmenkolbanen immediately started plans to extend the line. There were two proposals: a continuation of the line past Holmenkollen and a branch from Midtstuen up Korketrekkeren to Frogneseteren. However, the latter required the use of a rack railway, as it would give a 1:8 gradient. The former route was selected and the line was extended to Frogneseteren in 1916. Holmenkolbanen started renting out sleds at Frogneseteren, which could be returned at most stations. To save the return ticket, many chose to continue the tobogganing ride to Majorstuen.  The use of Korketrekkeren for tobogganing created a conflict with the local residents—especially at the guest house in Sverdrupstuen, which was often blocked on Sundays. There was also a conflict between cross-country skiing and tobogganing, as both groups wanted priority on the road. Akeforeningen proposed holding a tournament in 1921, but this was rejected by the municipal council. However, an auto race was held on the track that year. Permission for the sleighing race was given the following season, resulting in regular tournaments. Construction of Heftyebakken took place in 1930. The track was constructed between Frogerseteren to Svendstuen, including a concrete curve which allowed it to connect to Korketrekkeren. Heftyebakken had a poor profile as it was not steep enough in the lower areas. In 1950, Heftyebakken was converted to a skiing trail and Korketrekkeren became a pure tobogganing trail.  Unusually for winter sports, bobsleigh has never been popular in Norway. The country had not sent an Olympic team until the 1948 Winter Olympics and there were no previous bobsleigh tracks in Norway when Oslo was awarded the 1952 Winter Olympics. Two Swiss civil engineers, Heinz Cattani and Emil Ingold, were the main technical consultants for the development of the venue. The steep terrain made construction excessively expensive, resulting in the organizing committee deciding to build a temporary track, without permanent concrete and stone curves. Instead, a new track was constructed each year using snow: the overhangs were built by hand, the tracks were leveled and the structure sprayed with ice until it was hard. The track route was built under supervision of Sigurd Lund and Carl Venderboe in 1949 and 1950 and subsequently corrected by Cattani. The only fixed installation was a water main which ran along the track, using Øvresetertjern as its water source. Engineer Luigi Angelini from Switzerland was hired to supervise the construction of the curves, which cost NOK 615,000. The track was first constructed for training in 1951 and then for the Olympics in 1952.  There have been occasional proposals that Norway should build a permanent bobsleigh track, where Korketrekkeren was the leading location. The debate died out in the 1990s with the selection of Lillehammer as the host of the 1994 Winter Olympics and the subsequent construction of Lillehammer Olympic Bobsleigh and Luge Track. Also the Oslo bid for the 2018 Winter Olympics proposed using the Lillehammer track. In 2007, there were two serious accidents in the hill and it was subsequently closed by the police. The municipality then renovated the hill, removing poles and polstering dangerous edges.

Olympic track.

The Olympic track ran from Frogneseteren, with the start line located at above mean sea level. The course falls, with the finish line located at elevation. The track had an average 8.6 percent gradient, which varied between 3.67 and 13.86 percent. The track was long and had 13 curves, varying with radii between. Beyond the finish-line the track ran steeply uphill. The track had three boxes for time-keepers, one at the start, one mid-way and one at the finish. In addition there was a bob garage at the top of the hill. Bobs were transport up using a four-wheel-drive car up Heftyebakken. The track had 50 telephone linesto keep up with the competition and track conditions during the event.  The following is a list of the turns with their names and curve radii.

Tobogganing.

Korketrekkeren is a public hill owned by the municipality and can be used free of charge. Toboggans can be rented from Skiservice and Akerforeningen. The start of the hill is located next to Frognerseteren Station on the Oslo Metro's Holmenkollen Line and the end of the course is located at Midtstuen Station. Tobogganists can take their sleds on the train using ordinary tickets. There is also a smaller beginners track at Skistua at Frognerseteren. Korketrekkeren is widely regarded as Oslo's prime tobogganing course.

Events.

1937 European championships.

The FIL European Luge Championships 1937 were the sixth to be contested and the only to have been held in Norway. Six nations competed—Martin Tietze from Germany won both the men's singles and along with Kurt Weidner the men's doubles. Norway took all the medals in the women's singles with Titti Maartmann winning.

1952 Winter Olympics.

Two events in bobsleigh were held at the 1952 Winter Olympics—two-man and four-man. Both were contested over four heats over two days. Two-man was contested on 14 and 15 February, while four-man was contested on 21 and 22 February. The same teams won both events, with Germans Andreas Ostler and Lorenz Nieberl winning gold in both events and Friedrich Kuhn and Franz Kemser winning gold in the four-man. The events attracted up to 15,000 spectators.

1955 World championships.

FIL World Luge Championships 1955 was the inaugural world championship in luge and the only to have been held in Norway. Eight countries participated, with the top results being dominated by Austria. The men's singles was won by Anton Salvesen, which remains the only medal ever won by Norway in the World Luge Championships. The women's singles saw double Austrian victory with Karla Kienzl winning ahead of Maria Isser. In the doubles, Hans Krausner and Josef Thaler won ahead of their Austrian countrymen Josef Isser and Maria Isser.

Korketrekkeren (direct translation: "The Corkscrew") is a tobogganing track and former bobsleigh and luge track in Oslo, Norway. The tobogganing track runs between Frognerseteren and Midtstuen and is operated as a public venue by the municipality. Return transport to the top of the hill is undertaken by riding the Oslo Metro's Holmenkollen Line. Tobogganing in the area started in the 1880s, with several roads being used during winter evenings. Auto racing took place in the hill in 1921 and the following year it saw its first luge tournament. The first major tournament was the FIL European Luge Championships 1937. Tobagganing also took place in the nearby Heftyebakken, but from 1950 Korketrekkeren became the sole tobogganing hill and Heftyebakken was used for cross-country skiing.

Le Korketrekkeren est un parcours de bobsleigh utilisé pour les Jeux olympiques d'hiver de 1952 à Oslo. Le parcours olympique a été installé sur la montagne Frognerseter, où une piste de luge existe déjà depuis les années 1880. Ayant coûté couronnes norvégiennes, il a une longueur de 1507,5 mètres. De nos jours, Korketrekkeren est un site populaire pour la luge.


History.

In 1961, the University of Cambridge found itself unable to fund a suitably powerful computer for its needs at the time, so the University purchased from Ferranti the main Atlas processing units and then jointly designed the memory and peripheral equipment. The joint effort led to a cheaper and simpler version of the Atlas that Ferranti could market, leaving Cambridge with the prototype version, named Titan.  The Atlas hardware arrived in Cambridge in 1963, although software design was already underway. David Wheeler was in charge of the joint effort between the University and Ferranti.  In 1965 the Cambridge side of the team decided to add a time-sharing facility for Titan, necessitating the acquisition of additional hardware. When Titan came into full service in 1966, time sharing was available for all staff. Titan was finally switched off in October 1973.  Ferranti, by then a division of International Computers and Tabulators (ICT), marketed the Titan as the Atlas 2. Although intended to be more affordable than the Atlas, its price was still over £1 million. A second Atlas 2 was built in Manchester, and was installed at the Computer-Aided Design Centre (CADCentre) on Madingley Road together with the Cambridge Titan supervisor. This machine, the last Atlas, was finally switched off on 21 December 1976.  A third Atlas 2 was ordered by the UK's Atomic Weapons Research Establishment (AWRE) at Aldermaston. It replaced the faster and much more expensive IBM 7030 Stretch which had been leased from IBM.

Hardware.

Titan differed from the original Manchester Atlas by having a real, but cached, main memory, rather than the paged (or virtual) memory used in the Manchester machine. It initially had 28K of memory, but this was expanded first to 64K and later to 128K. The Titan's main memory had 128K of 48-bit words and was implemented using ferrite core store rather than the part core, part rotating drum-store used on the Manchester Atlas. Titan also had two large hard-disk drives and several magnetic tape decks.  As with the Manchester Atlas, it used discrete components, in particular germanium transistors. Some of these components can be seen in the online relics collection of the University of Cambridge Computer Laboratory.

Uses.

Titan was the computer on which a team from Ferranti based in Bracknell working with David Barron, David Hartley, Roger Needham and Barry Landy of Cambridge University Maths Lab developed the early multi-user time-sharing operating system called Titan Supervisor. This was arguably the world's first commercially sold time-sharing operating system. Other experiments in time-sharing, such as CTSS and PLATO in the US, were one-of-a-kind research projects.  One of Titan's most intensive uses was to compute the inverse Fourier Transforms of data from the One-Mile Radio Telescope.

Titan was the prototype of the Atlas 2 computer developed by Ferranti and the University of Cambridge Mathematical Laboratory in Cambridge, England. It was designed starting in 1963, and in operation from 1964 to 1973.

Titan était le prototype de l'ordinateur Atlas 2 développé par Ferranti et le laboratoire mathématique de l'université de Cambridge. Son étude commença en 1963 ; il fut opérationnel de 1964 à 1973. Titan diffère de son confrère Atlas car il possède une vraie mémoire cache principale au lieu d'une mémoire virtuelle. Sa mémoire était de 128 K sur 48 bits. Il avait plus de mémoire que l'Atlas mais était plus lent. Il avait aussi deux disques durs et plusieurs lecteurs de bandes magnétiques.


Transmission.

To broadcast its programs, a television station requires operators to operate equipment, a transmitter or radio antenna, which is often located at the highest point available in the transmission area, such as on a summit, the top of a high skyscraper, or on a tall radio tower. To get a signal from the master control room to the transmitter, a studio/transmitter link (STL) is used. The link can be either by radio or T1/E1. A transmitter/studio link (TSL) may also send telemetry back to the station, but this may be embedded in subcarriers of the main broadcast. Stations which retransmit or simulcast another may simply pick-up that station over-the-air, or via STL or satellite. The license usually specifies which other station it is allowed to carry.  VHF stations often have very tall antennas due to their long wavelength, but require much less effective radiated power (ERP), and therefore use much less transmitter power output, also saving on the electricity bill and emergency backup generators. In North America, full-power stations on band I (channels 2 to 6) are generally limited to 100 kW analog video (VSB) and 10 kW analog audio (FM), or 45 kW digital (8VSB) ERP. Stations on band III (channels 7 to 13) can go up by 5dB to 316 kW video, 31.6 kW audio, or 160 kW digital. Low-VHF stations are often subject to long-distance reception just as with FM. There are no stations on Channel 1.  UHF, by comparison, has a much shorter wavelength, and thus requires a shorter antenna, but also higher power. North American stations can go up to 5000 kW ERP for video and 500 kW audio, or 1000 kW digital. Low channels travel further than high ones at the same power, but UHF does not suffer from as much electromagnetic interference and background "noise" as VHF, making it much more desirable for TV. Despite this, in the U.S., the Federal Communications Commission (FCC) is taking another large portion of this band (channels 52 to 69) away, in contrast to the rest of the world, which has been taking VHF instead. This means that some stations left on VHF are harder to receive after the analog shutdown. Since at least 1974, there are no stations on channel 37 in North America for radio astronomy purposes.

Program production.

Most television stations are commercial broadcasting enterprises which are structured in a variety of ways to generate revenue from television commercials. They may be an independent station or part of a broadcasting network, or some other structure. They can produce some or all of their programs or buy some broadcast syndication programming for or all of it from other stations or independent production companies.  Many stations have some sort of television studio, which on major-network stations is often used for newscasts or other local programming. There is usually a news department, where journalists gather information. There is also a section where electronic news-gathering (ENG) operations are based, receiving remote broadcasts via remote pickup unit or satellite TV. Outside broadcasting vans, production trucks, or SUVs with electronic field production (EFP) equipment are sent out with reporters, who may also bring back news stories on video tape rather than sending them back live.  To keep pace with technology United States television stations have been replacing operators with broadcast automation systems to increase profits in recent years.  Some stations (known as repeaters or translators) only simulcast another, usually the programmes seen on its owner's flagship station, and have no television studio or production facilities of their own. This is common in developing countries. Low-power stations typically also fall into this category worldwide.  Most stations which are not simulcast produce their own station identifications. TV stations may also advertise on or provide weather (or news) services to local radio stations, particularly co-owned sister stations. This may be a barter in some cases.

A television station is a set of equipment managed by a business, organisation or other entity, such as an amateur television (ATV) operator, that transmits video content and audio content via radio waves directly from a transmitter on the earth's surface to any number of tuned receivers simultaneously. Most often the term refers to a station which broadcasts structured content to an audience or it refers to the organization that operates the station. A terrestrial television transmission can occur via analog television signals or, more recently, via digital television signals. Television stations are differentiated from cable television or other video providers in that their content is broadcast via terrestrial radio waves. A group of television stations with common ownership or affiliation are known as a TV network and an individual station within the network is referred to as O&O or affiliate, respectively.

Une station de télévision est un exploitant qui peut être une entreprise, une organisation ou même une télévision amateur (ATV) qui émet (radiodiffuse) du contenu sur la télévision terrestre. L'émission de la télévision peut se faire par des signaux analogiques ou, plus récemment, par la télévision numérique. Les normes et standards sont régulées par l'autorité gouvernementale du pays, et varient à travers le monde. Les stations de télévision diffusant par analogique étaient généralement limitées à une chaîne de télévision, mais la télévision numérique permet maintenant de diffuser des sous-chaînes. Le terme est normalement associé à la télévision Hertzienne terrestre, et non à la télévision par câble ou satellite.


Club career.

Born in Madrid, Nacho arrived in Real Madrid's youth system at the age of 11. He made his senior debut in 2008–09, playing two games with the reserves in Segunda División B and subsequently appearing in a further two full seasons in that level; it was during this time he formed a long-lasting friendship with future Russian national team player Denis Cheryshev.  On 23 April 2011, Nacho made his first-team – and La Liga – debut, starting as a left back in a 6–3 away win against Valencia CF and playing in the entire match. His second appearance came the following week, in a 2–3 home loss to Real Zaragoza.  Nacho was one of the youth team players chosen to accompany the first team on their summer friendlies in North America, prior to the start of the 2011–12 campaign. He came on as a substitute in all three matches, against the LA Galaxy, C.D. Guadalajara and Philadelphia Union.  On 2 September 2012, main squad manager José Mourinho announced that Nacho, along with Álvaro Morata and Jesús, would be promoted to the first team but continue to play with Castilla. He became an official full-time member at the start of 2013–14, receiving the number 18 shirt after the departure of Raúl Albiol.  On 3 July 2014, Nacho signed a new contract with Real Madrid until 2021. He scored his first official goal for them on 10 January of the following year, closing the score in a 3–0 home victory against RCD Espanyol.  Two minutes after replacing the injured Marcelo in a UEFA Champions League group stage match against Paris Saint-Germain F.C. on 3 November 2015, Nacho scored the only goal and sealed his team's advance to the last-16 with his first goal in a European competition. He contributed with five appearances, as the tournament ended in conquest.  On 11 February 2017, Nacho made his 100th appearance for Real Madrid in a 3–1 away win against CA Osasuna. Benefitting from injuries and suspensions to teammates, he was the most utilized player in the centre-back position as the club won its first national championship in five years; he added four matches in the Champions League, again conquered by his team.  Nacho scored his first career brace on 21 January 2018, in a 7–1 win over Deportivo de La Coruña. During that year's Champions League he made eight appearances while scoring one goal, when Madrid won their third consecutive and 13th overall title in the tournament; in the decisive match against Liverpool, he featured at right-back after replacing the injured Dani Carvajal late into the first half of an eventual 3–1 win in Kiev.

International career.

After playing for Spain at under-17, under-19 and under-21 levels, Nacho was first called by the full side on 2 September 2013 for a friendly with Switzerland to be held eight days later, in place of injured Iñigo Martínez. He made his debut by replacing Real Madrid teammate Sergio Ramos early into the second half of the 2–2 draw against Chile in Geneva.  Nacho was named in Spain's final squad for the 2018 FIFA World Cup. He scored his first goal for his country on 15 June, starting as right-back in the group stage fixture against Portugal and netting with a curled shot from 30 meters in a 3–3 draw.

Style of play.

A player known for his versatility in every defensive position on the pitch, both Julen Lopetegui and Zinedine Zidane used Nacho as a centre, right and left back. He is seen as a reliable full-back option due to his skills on the ball and penchant for making forward runs down his flank; a fast, agile and injury-free defender who is known for his work rate, endurance and strength in the air despite not being particularly tall for his position.  Apart from his defensive skills, Nacho was also a competent passer of the ball in both short and long distances, with a 92.2% pass completion and accuracy in 2017–18. During the same season, he scored five goals from set pieces.

Personal life.

Nacho's younger brother, Álex, is also a footballer. A midfielder, he too graduated from Real Madrid's academy, and both made their first-team debut in the same game.  Ever since joining Real's academy, Nacho managed to avoid major injuries, attributing his success to his eating habits and preparation. He has three children with his wife María Cortés, a daughter and two sons.  In November 2016, Nacho revealed that he has lived with type 1 diabetes since he was 12 years old.

Career statistics.

International goals.

"Spain score listed first, score column indicates score after each Nacho goal."

Honours.

Real Madrid Castilla  Real Madrid  Spain U17  Spain U21

José Ignacio Fernández Iglesias (; born 18 January 1990), known as Nacho (), is a Spanish professional footballer who plays as a defender for Real Madrid and the Spanish national team.

José Ignacio Fernández Iglesias, dit Nacho, né le à Madrid, est un footballeur international espagnol évoluant au Real Madrid CF en tant que défenseur central.


Background, education and family.

Carmelo Mifsud Bonnici, the son of former President Ugo Mifsud Bonnici, was born in Floriana on 17 February 1960. He was educated at St. Aloysius’ College, Birkirkara, then at De La Salle College in Cospicua. Bonnici is a distant relative of former Labour Prime Minister Karmenu Mifsud Bonnici.  During his student days, Mifsud Bonnici occupied the post of President of the MKSU as a university student and was active in the Nationalist Party Youth Movement (MŻPN) as from 1982, occupying different posts in the executive of the said movement. He graduated from the University of Malta in 1984 as Doctor of Laws.  When graduating, as a lawyer, he practiced in criminal, civil and commercial fields.  At present, he is a senior lecturer in Roman Law at the University of Malta.

Family.

He is married to Sandra (née Gatt); the couple has three children.

Early political career.

Mifsud Bonnici was elected to the House of Representatives in 1998 as a member of the Nationalist Party. He was appointed by Parliament as the Chairman of Committees in the same year and was a permanent member of a number of other Committees. Between October 2001 and March 2003 he served as a Board Member of the Malta Environment and Planning Authority, being re-elected to the House of Representatives in 2003.

Cabinet appointments.

In April 2003, Carm Mifsud Bonnici was appointed as Parliamentary Secretary in the Ministry for Justice and Home Affairs. Following the swearing-in of Lawrence Gonzi as Prime Minister and the subsequent Cabinet reshuffle in March 2004, he was re-confirmed as Parliamentary Secretary in the Ministry for Justice and Home Affairs. During this period he drove the implementation of several reforms and introduction of new concepts in the Maltese judicial system.  After the March 2008 general election, Mifsud Bonnici was appointed as Minister for Justice and Home Affairs. His portfolio includes the responsibility for the Courts of Justice, the Attorney General's Office, the Police Corps, Immigration, Airport Security, Correctional Services, Civil Protection and Data Protection. In February 2009, Mifsud Bonnici unveiled the White Paper on Restorative Justice which is intended to serve as a basis for public discussion for a deep reform in Malta's penal system. It proposes the introduction of a number of new concepts, including parole, which is as yet unavailable in Malta. In January 2012 he was made Minister for Home and Parliamentary Affairs which included the role of Leader of the House of Representatives.  However, he resigned as Minister the following 30 May after an Opposition motion of no confidence in him was carried, which was supported by all Labour-Parliamentarians along with Nationalist Franco Debono.

Literary works.

Carm Mifsud Bonnici is the author of four publications: "Żewg Minuti Flimkien" (1998), "Il-Prinċipji Hemm Jibqgħu" (2003), "Sens u Sustanza" (2008) and "Il-Politika tas-Sewwa" (2013). He also writes weekly columns for the Sunday papers "Il-Mument" and "Illum".

External links.

Official website

Carmelo "Carm" Mifsud Bonnici (born 17 February 1960) is a Maltese politician who has served in a number of Ministerial posts in the Government of Malta.

Carmelo « Carm » Mifsud Bonnici (né à Floriana le ) est un homme politique maltais, membre du Parti nationaliste. De 2008 à 2012, il est ministre de la Justice et des Affaires intérieures.


History.

Spearman was platted in May 1917 in anticipation of construction of the North Texas and Santa Fe Railway. A post office opened in 1917, and by that time, E. C. Hays had a store near the site. The city was named for Thomas E. Spearman, a vice president of the North Texas and Santa Fe Railway.  World War I delayed completion of the railroad from Shattuck, Oklahoma, until October 1919, but Spearman was already thriving; several churches and businesses had moved in from Hansford. Spearman remained the terminus of the railroad until 1931, when the line was extended to Morse and points south. The town was incorporated in 1921 and had 30 businesses, a brick school building, and a population of 1,000 by 1926.  In the November 2011 election, Spearman residents voted to allow the sale of alcoholic beverages within the city limits, making Spearman a "wet" city in an otherwise "dry" county. The law took effect December 15, 2011, and allows the sale of beer and wine in retail establishments such as grocery stores and all liquor sales in a licensed liquor store. Additionally, all alcoholic beverages may now be sold in restaurants that apply for and receive a liquor license.

Geography.

Spearman is located at (36.194450, −101.194048). According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of, all of it land.

Climate.

According to the Köppen climate classification system, Spearman has a semiarid climate, "BSk" on climate maps.

Demographics.

As of the census of 2010, 3,368 people, 1,137 households, and 817 families resided in the city. The population increased around 11% from the 2000 Census count of 3,021. The population density was 1,445.0 people per square mile (558.1/km2). The 1,278 housing units averaged 611.3 per square mile (236.1/km2). The racial makeup of the city was 49.2% White, 0.4% African American, 0.1% Native American, 0.4% Asian, and 1% from two or more races. Hispanics or Latinos of any race were 48.9% of the population. These numbers represent significant demographic changes in Spearman over the past decade.  Of the 1,137 households, 36.0% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 61.8% were married couples living together, 6.9% had a female householder with no husband present, and 28.1% were not families. About 26.1% of all households were made up of individuals, and 14.0% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.58 and the average family size was 3.14.  In the city, the population was distributed as 28.8% under the age of 18, 6.8% from 18 to 24, 25.8% from 25 to 44, 21.9% from 45 to 64, and 16.7% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 37 years. For every 100 females, there were 91.7 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 89.6 males.  As of 2009, the median income for a household in the city was $48,021, and for a family was $52,085. The median per capita income for the city was $17,314. About 12.5% of families and 18.0% of the population were below the poverty line, including 24.6% of those under age 18 and 18.6% of those age 65 or over.

Education.

The City of Spearman is served by the Spearman Independent School District. Schools in Spearman ISD include Gus Birdwell Elementary School, Spearman Junior High School, and Spearman High School.

Spearman is a city in and county seat of Hansford County, Texas, United States. As of the 2010 census, the city population was 3,368. It is known for its collection of windmills from the J.B. Buchanan windmill collection.

La ville de Spearman est le siège du comté de Hansford, dans l’État du Texas, aux États-Unis. Sa population s’élevait à lors du recensement, estimée à.


Cimetière Saint-Louis de La Nouvelle-Orléans

Saint Louis No. 1.

St. Louis Cemetery No. 1 is the oldest and most famous. It was opened in 1789, replacing the city's older St. Peter Cemetery (; no longer in existence) as the main burial ground when the city was redesigned after a fire in 1788.  It is 8 blocks from the Mississippi River, on the north side of Basin Street, one block beyond the inland border of the French Quarter. It borders the Iberville housing project. It has been in continuous use since its foundation. The nonprofit group Save Our Cemeteries and commercial businesses offer tours for a fee.  Famous New Orleanians buried in St. Louis No. 1 include Etienne de Boré, wealthy pioneer of the sugar industry and the first mayor of New Orleans; Homer Plessy, the plaintiff from the landmark 1896 "Plessy v. Ferguson" Supreme Court decision on civil rights. Ernest N. "Dutch" Morial, the first African-American mayor of New Orleans was interred there in 1989. Subsequently Morial's family built a new family tomb at St. Louis Cemetery No. 3, and Morial's body was reinterred there in late 2014.  The renowned Voodoo priestess Marie Laveau is believed to be interred in the Glapion family crypt. Other notable New Orleanians here include Bernard de Marigny, the French-Creole aristocrat and politician who founded both the Faubourg Marigny and Mandeville, Louisiana; Barthelemy Lafon, the architect and surveyor who allegedly became one of Jean Lafitte's pirates; and Paul Morphy, one of the earliest world champions of chess. Delphine LaLaurie, the notoriously cruel slave owner, is also believed to lie in rest here. Architect and engineer Benjamin Latrobe was buried at St. Louis No. 1 after dying from yellow fever in 1820, while doing engineering for the New Orleans water works. In 2010, actor Nicolas Cage purchased a pyramid-shaped tomb to be his future final resting place.  The cemetery spans just one square block but is the resting place of many thousands. A Protestant section (generally not vaulted) lies in the northwest section.  Effective March 1, 2015, the Roman Catholic Diocese of New Orleans, which owns and manages this cemetery, has closed it to the general public, ostensibly because of the rise in vandalism there. However, in a controversial move, the diocese is now charging tour companies for access ($4,500 per year, or lesser amounts for short periods). Families who own tombs can apply for a pass to visit.

Saint Louis No. 2.

St. Louis No. 2 is located some three blocks back from St. Louis No. 1, bordering Claiborne Avenue. It was consecrated in 1823. A number of notable jazz and rhythm & blues musicians are buried here, including Danny Barker and Ernie K. Doe. Also entombed here is Andre Cailloux (1825-1863), African-American Union hero and martyr of the American Civil War.  The cemetery received minor flooding during the aftermath of Hurricane Katrina, and its tombs seemed virtually untouched by the storm when the water went down, aside from the brownish waterline visible on all structures that were flooded.  There are many notable citizens of 19th and 20th century New Orleans laid to rest here. These include the Venerable Mother Henriette DeLille, who is a candidate for sainthood by the Catholic Church, and Jean Baptiste Dupeire (1795–1874) prominent citizen of New Orleans, among others.  It was listed in National Register of Historic Places in 1975.  Other politicians and soldiers interred/entombed here:

Saint Louis No. 3.

St. Louis No. 3 is located some back from the French Quarter, some 30 blocks from the Mississippi, fronting Esplanade Avenue near Bayou St. John. It opened in 1854. The crypts on average are more elaborate than at the other St. Louis cemeteries, including a number of fine 19th century marble tombs. Those entombed include ragtime composer Paul Sarebresole, photographer E. J. Bellocq, and painter Ralston Crawford. Also, one of the most famous to be entombed here, is Sweet Emma Barrett [1897-1983], a very gifted self-taught piano player and singer, who helped make New Orleans Jazz the treasure as we know it to be. New Orleans mayor Ernest N. "Dutch" Morial was reinterred at St. Louis Cemetery No. 3 in a new tomb for the Morial family.  St. Louis No. 3 also includes a Greek Orthodox section. The cemetery was heavily flooded during the aftermath of Hurricane Katrina in 2005, but its tombs escaped relatively unscathed. There was some plaster damage from debris.

Saint Louis Cemetery (, ) is the name of three Roman Catholic cemeteries in New Orleans, Louisiana. Most of the graves are above-ground vaults constructed in the 18th and 19th centuries.

Le cimetière Saint-Louis de La Nouvelle-Orléans est le plus ancien cimetière de la ville de La Nouvelle-Orléans. Il fut ouvert en 1789 à l'époque de la Louisiane française. Il se compose de trois parties distinctes situées au nord du Vieux carré, le quartier français historique de La Nouvelle-Orléans. Ces trois emplacements sont proches les uns des autres et correspondant au développement de la ville et à l'extension devenue nécessaire du cimetière Saint-Louis.