Location.

Siemiechów, or Siemichów, is a village in the Wielicki Highlands situated between the Wału and the Suchy mountain ranges, in the county of Tarnów between Zakliczyn and Gromnik. Its elevation varies from 245 to 260 meters above sea level. Areas in the village are Wielkie Góry, Małe Góry, Łęg, Moszczenica and Wiesiołka. A greater area is shared by Siemiechów, Leśniczówkę and Dybówkę. The greater area consists of 579 morgs of fields, 6 morgs of meadows, 14 morgs of pastures and 511 morgs of forest, whereas the lesser area consists of 1,687 morgs of fields, 132 morgs of meadows, 310 morgs of pastures and 307 morgs of forests. To the west of the village is Faściszowa, to the east is Gromnik, to the south is Brzozowa, and to the north, past a large beech forest, is Lubinka.

History.

In 1241, invading Tatars, on their way to Tuchów (22 km north-east of Siemiechów), murdered seven monks ("siedem mnichów"). The name of the village is a derivation of this phrase. The village was officially founded under German law on 29 September 1326 by King Władysław Łokietek "na surowym korzeniu" ("from fresh roots" or "from the ground up").  A parish formed on "dwoma łanami ziemi" (2 łanow of land). According to Jan Długosz, in 1354, the village of Szemychów' parish belonged to the Abbey of Tyniec (near Kraków) by virtue of privilege of King Casimir III. Shortly before the Battle of Worskła in 1398, however, Spytek of Melsztyn seized the monastery.  In 1581, a'sołtys' (a village administrator) who counted one wealthy farmer owning twenty-five 'łanow', ten small farms without fields, three bailiffs who owned cattle, eight bailiffs without cattle, four craftsmen, and the village administrator himself who owned 1 'łana' of land.  An eighteenth century resident of the town was Ignacy Krasiński. He was the third son of Jan (castellan of Wizna, near Łomza) and Ewa Trojanowska. He had two brothers, Adam, (a bishop) and Michał Hieronim Krasiński (the great-grandfather of Zygmunt Krasiński the poet). In 1770, the treasury recorded his ownership of three 'folwark' (granges). He paid an annual military tax of 1266 złoty and 17 groszy, and a winter military tax of 458 złoty and 12 groszy. Krasiński was governor of Siemiechów from 1776 to 1788. In 1772, the Krasiński estate was ransomed to the incumbent Austrian government. Ignacy paid the large ransom in 1789.  Krasiński's first wife was Maryanna Krasińska Jordanów. His second wife (married 1774) was Agnieszka Potkańska, castellan of Radom. Their daughter, Anna, married Kazimierz Walicki, governor of Sochaczew. In 1795, Kazimierz Walicki wrote an autobiography. Anna had a second marriage to Mikołaj of Oplów Bronikowski, a major general in the royal arms. Anna and Kazimierz Wlaicki's daughter, Amelia married a count named Roman Załuski.

Parish church.

In the village there is a Gothic hand crafted wooden church, "Matki Boskiej Gromnicznej" ("The Virgin Mary of Candles") (1349). In 1585, the church was rebuilt with a donation from Jan of Mstowa. The church has one nave, and a closed, three sided presbytery. Adjacent to it, on its southern side, is a late Baroque brick chapel built in a square shape with rounded corners. The entrance has a Gothic carpenter's portal in a "oślimi grzbietami" (a curved arch style) which was added in 1800. The church interior features a flat ceiling and furnishings from the fifteenth to seventeenth centuries. There is a statue of the Virgin Mary (1480); a stone font bearing the coat of arms of Piława and Gierałt; and a fifteenth-century crucifix. There are also two large bells dating to the sixteenth century which were built in the workshop of Szymon Haubicz in Brno. The interior walls were painted by Łukasz Wadowski in 1643. From 1955 to 1956 the church underwent restoration.  From 1929 to 1953, a new brick parish church, "Ofiarowania Wszystkich Świętych i Wniebowstąpienia Pana Jezusa" ("Offering in the Temple and Ascension of Our Lord Jesus"), was constructed in the Neo-Renaissance style. There is also a brick chapel (1915) in the war cemetery. The parish belongs to the Tarnowski diocese and Tuchowski deanery.

Siemiechów is a village located in the low Carpathian mountains of southeastern Poland in the Lesser Poland Voivodeship. It lies approximately northwest of Gromnik, south of Tarnów, and east of the regional capital Kraków. The population in 2003 was 1,873.

Siemiechów est une localité polonaise de la gmina de Gromnik, située dans le powiat de Tarnów en voïvodie de Petite-Pologne.


Description.

Cougar 8000 series pistols are recoil-operated, locked breech semi-automatic pistols. These pistols use a relatively rare rotating barrel locking system, in which the barrel rotates on recoil to unlock itself from the slide. The rotating motion of the barrel is controlled by the stud on its bottom, which follows the cam track in the steel frame insert.  The frame is made from lightweight aluminum alloy. The basic version of the Cougar pistol is the F model, with double-action trigger with exposed hammer, and ambidextrous safety/decocker levers, located on the slide. Alternative is D version, which is double-action only, and thus have spurless hammer and no safety/decocker levers. Cougar pistols use double-stack magazines in 9 mm,.357 SIG and.40 caliber models, and staggered column magazines in.45 caliber models.

Variants.

The 8000 series is available in several calibers and in either "F", "G" or "D" configuration.

Calibers.

European models were offered in.41 Action Express and 9×21mm.

F configuration.

The F specification is the basic version with double-action trigger, exposed hammer, and ambidextrous safety/decocking levers (located on the slide).

D configuration.

The D specification is double-action only ("DAO") with a spurless hammer and no safety/decocking levers.

G configuration.

The G specification is a DA/SA variant with a "decock" only feature. It features an exposed hammer with ambidextrous decocking levers (on the slide). There is no safety on this model.

T configuration.

The T specification includes a tactical rail.

Mini Cougar.

The 8000, 8040 and 8045 are available in a Mini variant weighing 140 g less than the respective models and with a grip that is 25 mm shorter. The slide and barrel are the same length as the full size pistols. This variant is available in the "D" and "F" configurations.

Inox.

Some models are available as an Inox version which has a stainless steel slide, barrel and other components.

8045 Cougar.

The 8045 Beretta Cougar was produced between 1998–2004 in the D and F configuration. A Mini 8045 Cougar was also produced in the same configurations. No factory 8045 Cougars were produced in the "G" configuration, but prototype Cougars do exist in the G configuration as well as with a light rail.

8045 Cat Pack.

In 1999, Beretta USA offered 2000 special edition kits to accompany the 8045F Cougar. Accompanying the basic 8045F was a kit consisting of a special edition case, lapel pin and charcoal laminate grips with inlaid cougar medallions. The pistol comes in the 8045F model which is a double/single-action-type pistol. Standard white dot sights and factory black plastic grips are standard with the "Pak" consisting of the case, wood grips and pin.

8045 LAPD.

Beretta USA made an 8045F for the Los Angeles Police Department. One requirement of the LAPD using these firearms was the use of a 4-inch barrel. There were a limited number of these longer barrels produced to meet this need. Some barrels were shipped to the LAPD to be added and some were shipped directly from the factory already assembled in the pistols. However, BUSA had offered these barrels for sale to military/law enforcement officers for $198 only for a brief period. Some of these pistols were converted to a "G" model (decock only) by various agencies but were not offered in this configuration from Beretta USA.

Stoeger Cougar.

Marketing and distribution of the Cougar has been transferred to Stoeger Industries, a subsidiary of Beretta. The firearms are made in Turkey, using Beretta factory tooling. Stoeger now produces Cougars in 9×19mm,.45 ACP, and.40 S&W. Stoeger recently added a more compact-sized Cougar pistol to their production line, currently available in 9×19mm only. The Cougar Compact has a reduced magazine capacity of 13 rounds and MSRP is US$50 less than its full-size counterpart.

The Beretta 8000 (Cougar) series pistols are manufactured by Beretta of Italy. They first appeared on the market in 1994 as a more compact alternative to the full-sized Beretta 92 service pistol in order to offer a compromise between concealability, ease of carry, accuracy and firepower.

Le Beretta 8000 Cougar est un pistolet italien, fabriqué dans de nombreux calibres. Il est aujourd'hui vendu comme Stoeger Cougar par une filiale américano-turque du célèbre fabricant d'armes de Gardone Val Trompia.


Disparition d'un Boeing 727 en Angola en 2003

Background.

The aircraft involved was a Boeing 727-223 manufactured in 1975 and formerly operated by American Airlines for 25 years. Its last owner was reported to be Miami-based company Aerospace Sales & Leasing. While on lease to TAAG Angola Airlines it had been grounded and sat idle at Luanda for 14 months, accruing more than $4 million in unpaid airport fees, and was one of two at Quatro de Fevereiro in the process of being converted for use by IRS Airlines. The FBI described it as "...unpainted silver in color with a stripe of blue, white, and red. The [aircraft] was formerly in the air fleet of a major airline, but all of the passenger seats have been removed. It is outfitted to carry diesel fuel."

Incident.

It is believed that shortly before sunset (likely to be 5PM local time) on May 25, 2003, two men boarded the aircraft. One of them was an American pilot and flight engineer Ben C. Padilla. The other, John M. Mutantu, was a hired mechanic from the Republic of the Congo. Neither man was certified to fly a Boeing 727, which normally requires three aircrew. Both men had been working with Angolan mechanics to get the aircraft flight-ready. Padilla is believed by U.S. authorities to have been at the controls. An airport employee reported only seeing one person on board the aircraft at the time; Other airport officials stated that two men had boarded the aircraft before the incident.  The aircraft began taxiing without communicating with the control tower. It maneuvered erratically and entered a runway without clearance. The tower officers tried to make contact, but there was no response. With no lights the aircraft took off, heading southwest over the Atlantic Ocean before disappearing. Before the incident the aircraft was filled with of fuel, giving it a range of about. Neither the aircraft nor the two men have been seen since and no debris from the aircraft has been found on land or sea.

Theories.

Padilla's sister, Benita Padilla-Kirkland, told the "South Florida Sun-Sentinel" newspaper in 2004 that her family suspected that he was flying the aircraft and feared that he subsequently crashed somewhere in Africa or was being held against his will; a theory which Aerospace Sales & Leasing president Maury Joseph, who had examined the plane two weeks before its disappearance, agreed with. However, United States authorities have suspected that Joseph's history of accounting fraud involving another company he owned played a part; they believe that the plane's theft was either caused by a business feud or resulted from a scam.  In July 2003, a possible sighting of the missing aircraft was reported in Conakry, Guinea,; it was subsequently conclusively dismissed by the United States Department of State.  Reports leaked as part of the United States diplomatic cables leak indicate that the United States searched for the aircraft in multiple countries after the event. A Regional Security Officer searched for it in Sri Lanka without result. A ground search was also conducted by diplomats stationed in Nigeria at multiple airports without finding it. The telegram from Nigeria also stated that the diplomats did not consider likely a landing of the 727 at a major airport, since the aircraft could have been easily identified.  An extensive article published in "Air & Space Magazine" in September 2010 was also unable to draw any conclusions on the whereabouts or fate of the aircraft, despite research and interviews with individuals knowledgeable of details surrounding the disappearance.

In popular culture.

W. E. B. Griffin's book "By Order of the President" was based on the disappearance. Likewise "Chariot", a 2003 independent film directed by Brad Osborne, in which the protagonists find themselves on a mysterious 727 that is implied to be the same aircraft.

On 25 May 2003, a Boeing 727, registered N844AA, was stolen at Quatro de Fevereiro Airport, Luanda, Angola. Its disappearance prompted a worldwide search by the United States' Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI) and Central Intelligence Agency (CIA). No trace of the aircraft has since been found.

Le, un Boeing 727, immatriculé N844AA, a été volé à l'aéroport international Quatro de Fevereiro de Luanda en Angola. Sa disparition a provoqué une recherche dans le monde entier par plusieurs agences gouvernementales dont le Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI) et la Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) des États-Unis. Aucune trace de l'avion n'a depuis été retrouvée.


Extent.

A series of distinct rift basins, the East African Rift System extends over thousands of kilometers. The EAR consists of two main branches. The Eastern Rift Valley (also known as Gregory Rift) includes the Main Ethiopian Rift, running eastward from the Afar Triple Junction, which continues south as the Kenyan Rift Valley. The Western Rift Valley includes the Albertine Rift, and farther south, the valley of Lake Malawi. To the north of the Afar Triple Junction, the rift follows one of two paths: west to the Red Sea Rift or east to the Aden Ridge in the Gulf of Aden.  The EAR runs from the Afar Triple Junction in the Afar Triangle of Ethiopia through eastern Africa, terminating in Mozambique. The EAR transects through Ethiopia, Kenya, Uganda, Rwanda, Burundi, Zambia, Tanzania, Malawi and Mozambique. It also runs offshore of the coast of Mozambique along the Kerimba and Lacerda grabens, which are joined by the Davie Ridge, a relic fracture zone that cuts across the West Somali basin, straddling the boundary between Tanzania and Mozambique. The Davie Ridge ranges between wide, with a west-facing scarp (east-plunging arch) along the southern half of its length that rises to above the sea floor. Its movement is concurrent with the EAR.

Competing theories on geologic evolution.

Over time, many theories have tried to clarify the evolution of the East African Rift. In 1972 it was proposed that the EAR was not caused by tectonic activity, but rather by differences in crustal density. Since the 1990s, evidence has been found in favor of mantle plumes beneath the EAR. Others proposed an African superplume causing mantle deformation. The question is still debated.  The most recent and accepted view is the theory put forth in 2009: that magmatism and plate tectonics have a feedback with one another, controlled by oblique rifting conditions. At that time it was suggested that lithospheric thinning generated volcanic activity, further increasing the magmatic processes at play such as intrusions and numerous small plumes. These processes further thin the lithosphere in saturated areas, forcing the thinning lithosphere to behave like a mid-ocean ridge.  Although reasonably considered, the exact conformation of deep-rooted mantle plumes is still a matter of active research. Studies that contribute to the broader understanding on the evolution of rifts can be grouped into the techniques of isotope geochemistry, seismic tomography and geodynamical modeling.

Isotope geochemistry.

The varying geochemical signatures of a suite of Ethiopian lavas suggest multiple plume sources: at least one of deep mantle origin, and one from within the subcontinental lithosphere. In accordance, a study of Halldórsson et al. in 2014 compare the geochemical signature of rare Earth's isotopes from xenoliths and lava samples collected in the EAR. The results corroborate the coexistence of a superplume “common to the entire rift” with another mantle material source being either of subcontinental type or of mid-ocean ridge type.

Seismic tomography.

The geophysical method of seismic tomography is a suitable tool to investigate Earth's subsurface structures deeper than the crust. It is an inverse problem technique that models which are the velocities of the inner Earth that reproduce the seismographic data recorded all around the world. Recent improvements of tomographic Earth models of P-wave and S-wave velocities suggest that a superplume upwelling from the lower mantle at the northeastern EAR feeds plumes of smaller scale into the upper mantle.

Geodynamical modeling.

Parallel to geological and geophysical measures (e.g. isotope ratios and seismic velocities) it is constructive to test hypotheses on computer based geodynamical models. A 3D numerical geodynamical model of the plume-crust coupling was capable of reproducing the lateral asymmetry of the EAR around the Tanzania craton. Numerical modeling of plume-induced continental break-up shows two distinct stages, crustal rifting followed by lithospheric breakup, and the upwelling between stages of an upper mantle plume.

Geologic evolution.

Prior to rifting, enormous continental flood basalts erupted on the surface and uplift of the Ethiopian, Somali, and East African plateaus occurred. The first stage of rifting of the EAR is characterized by rift localization and magmatism along the entire rift zone. Periods of extension alternated with times of relative inactivity. There was also the reactivation of a pre-Cambrian weakness in the crust, a suture zone of multiple cratons, displacement along large boundary faults, and the development of deep asymmetric basins. The second stage of rifting is characterized by the deactivation of large boundary faults, the development of internal fault segments, and the concentration of magmatic activity towards the rifts.  Today, the narrow rift segments of the East African Rift system form zones of localized strain. These rifts are the result of the actions of numerous normal faults which are typical of all tectonic rift zones. As aforementioned, voluminous magmatism and continental flood basalts characterize some of the rift segments, while other segments, such as the Western branch, have only very small volumes of volcanic rock.

Petrology.

The African continental crust is generally cool and strong. Many cratons are found throughout the EAR, such as the Tanzania and Kaapvaal cratons. The cratons are thick, and have survived for billions of years with little tectonic activity. They are characterized by greenstone belts, tonalites, and other high-grade metamorphic lithologies. The cratons are of significant importance in terms of mineral resources, with major deposits of gold, antimony, iron, chromium and nickel.  A large volume of continental flood basalts erupted during the Oligocene, with the majority of the volcanism coinciding with the opening of the Red Sea and the Gulf of Aden approximately 30 Ma. The composition of the volcanics are a continuum of ultra-alkaline to tholeiitic and felsic rocks. It has been suggested that the diversity of the compositions could be partially explained by different mantle source regions. The EAR also cuts through old sedimentary rocks deposited in ancient basins.

Volcanism and seismicity.

The East African Rift Zone includes a number of active as well as dormant volcanoes, among them: Mount Kilimanjaro, Mount Kenya, Mount Longonot, Menengai Crater, Mount Karisimbi, Mount Nyiragongo, Mount Meru and Mount Elgon, as well as the Crater Highlands in Tanzania. Although most of these mountains lie outside of the rift valley, the EAR created them.  Active volcanos include Erta Ale, DallaFilla, and Ol Doinyo Lengai, the former of which is a continuously active basaltic shield volcano in the Afar Region of northeastern Ethiopia. When DallaFilla erupted in 2008 it was the largest volcanic eruption in Ethiopia in recorded history. The Ol Doinyo Lengai volcano is currently the only active natrocarbonatite volcano in the world. The magma contains almost no silica, making the flow viscosity extremely low. “Its lava fountains crystallize in midair then shatter like glass” according to the National Geographic. Approximately 50 volcanic structures in Ethiopia alone have documented activity since the onset of the Holocene.  The EAR is the largest seismically active rift system on Earth today. The majority of earthquakes occur near the Afar Depression, with the largest earthquakes typically occurring along or near major border faults. Seismic events in the past century are estimated to have reached a maximum moment magnitude of 7.0. The seismicity trends parallel to the rift system, with a shallow focal depth of beneath the rift axis. Further away from the rift axis, focal depths can reach depths of over. Focal mechanism solutions strike NE and frequently demonstrate normal dip-slip faults, although left-lateral motion is also observed.

Discoveries in human evolution.

The Rift Valley in East Africa has been a rich source of hominid fossils that allow the study of human evolution. The rapidly eroding highlands quickly filled the valley with sediments, creating a favorable environment for the preservation of remains. The bones of several hominid ancestors of modern humans have been found here, including those of "Lucy", a partial australopithecine skeleton discovered by anthropologist Donald Johanson dating back over 3 million years. Richard and Mary Leakey have done significant work in this region also. More recently, two other hominid ancestors have been discovered here: a 10-million-year-old ape called "Chororapithecus abyssinicus", found in the Afar rift in eastern Ethiopia, and "Nakalipithecus nakayamai", which is also 10 million years old.

The East African Rift (EAR) or East African Rift System (EARS) is an active continental rift zone in East Africa. The EAR began developing around the onset of the Miocene, 22–25 million years ago. In the past it was considered to be part of a larger Great Rift Valley that extended north to Asia Minor.

Le rift est-africain (EAR, pour l'anglais "East African Rift") est une déchirure d'échelle lithosphérique qui parcourt sur plusieurs milliers de kilomètres la partie orientale de l'Afrique, depuis le golfe de Tadjourah à son extrémité nord, où il se connecte aux deux rifts océaniques du golfe d'Aden et de la mer Rouge. L'EAR a commencé à se développer vers le début du Miocène, il y a 22 à 25 millions d'années. Dans le passé, il était considéré comme faisant partie d'une grande vallée du Grand Rift qui s'étendait vers le nord jusqu'en Asie mineure.


Marriages and issue.

Eve was born on an unknown date, the only daughter and "suo jure" heiress of Robert de Bermingham, a Norman, who arrived in Ireland with the Cambro-Norman forces of Richard de Clare, 2nd Earl of Pembroke, known to history as "Strongbow". De Bermingham was enfeoffed by Strongbow with part of the kingdom of "Ui Failghe", which became the barony of Offaly. Eve's mother's name and identity is not known.  Sometime about 1193, she married her first husband, Gerald FitzMaurice, the second eldest son of Maurice FitzGerald, Lord of Lanstephan. He became the 1st Lord of Offaly by right of marriage to her. Together they had one recorded son: Gerald FitzMaurice died on 15 January 1204, and was succeeded by their son and heir, Maurice.  Sometime later Eve married her second husband, Geoffrey FitzRobert, Seneschal of Leinster. When he died in 1211, she took a third husband, Geoffrey de Marisco (du Marais), who held the office of Justiciar of Ireland from 1215 to 1221. Her son Maurice would later hold the office from 1232 to 1245. By her third husband, she had at least one son:  It is not known whether Geoffrey's daughter, Joan du Marais, first wife of Theobald le Botiller, was Eve's daughter, or his daughter by an earlier, unrecorded marriage.  The female succession in the de Bermingham fee, as well as Eve's multiple marriages, slowed down the Anglo-Norman advance in the former kingdom of "Ui Failghe".

Death.

Eve de Bermingham died in Ireland between June 1223 and December 1226.

Eve de Bermingham, "suo jure" Lady of Offaly (died between June 1223/December 1226), was a Norman-Irish heiress, being the only child of Robert de Bermingham who was enfeoffed by Strongbow with part of the kingdom of "Ui Failghe". This fief became the barony of Offaly which she as the "suo jure" heiress, passed on to her first husband, Gerald FitzMaurice, who by right of his wife was created the 1st Lord of Offaly. She had a total of three husbands.

Eve de Bermingham "suo jure" Dame d'Offaly (morte entre juin 1223/décembe 1226), est une héritière Hiberno-Normande seule enfant de Robert de Bermingham qui avait été inféodé par Richard FitzGilbert de Clare d'une partie du royaume d' "Uí Failghe". Ce fief deviendra la baronnie d'Offaly qu'elle détiendra comme héritière "suo jure" et qu'elle tranmettra à son premier époux Gerald FitzMaurice, qui de jure uxoris sera créé seigneur d'Offaly. Elle aura successivement trois époux.


Electoral history.

In 2009, the party had 345 candidates, placing it on the ballots of 99% of Japan's 300 constituencies. Many perennial candidates such as Yoshiro Nakamatsu joined the HRP. Despite fielding a total of more than 1 million votes, the party did not win any seats in the election.  In 2012, the party again failed to gain any seats.  As of April 2018, the party had 21 elected local councilors.

Manifesto.

According to its manifesto, the group's goal is to more than double Japan's population to 300 million through making child-rearing easier for mothers and actively accepting foreigners into the country. It also aims to change the pacifist Article 9 of the Japanese Constitution in order to increase Japan's economic and military power.  The group identifies itself as "conservative" and is generally considered a right-wing party. The party advocates a nuclear deterrent for Japan, denies that the Nanking Massacre occurred and has called for China to be expelled from the United Nations Security Council.  The party has formed links to the American right, having attended the Conservative Political Action Conference in 2012, and bringing with them members of the Tokyo Tea Party.

Administration.

Jay Aeba, also known as Jikido Aeba (饗庭直道,, Aeba Jikido), was, of May 2012, advisor of the Republican National Committee of the United States in charge of Asia, with Yuki Oikawa as one of the officials of HRP.

Criticism.

According to "The Japan Times", "for many, the Happies smell suspiciously like a cult". The party has released promotional videos that claim North Korea and China are plotting to invade and colonize Japan after first subduing it through nuclear warfare.

, abbreviated as 幸福, is a Japanese political party founded by Ryuho Okawa on 23 May 2009 "in order to offer the Japanese people a third option" for the elections of August 2009. The HRP is the political wing of the conservative and anti-communist Happy Science religious movement.

Le Parti de la réalisation du bonheur (en japonais :幸福 実 現 党, "Kōfuku Jitsugen-tō") (Anglais : "The Happiness Realization Party)", est un parti politique japonais fondé par Ryuho Okawa le 23 mai 2009. Le parti est l'aile politique du mouvement religieux conservateur et anti-communiste Happy Science.


Early life.

Delia Moclair was born Bridget Angela Moclair in John Street, Cashel, County Tipperary on 8 January 1895. She was the youngest of the seven children of Patrick and Margaret Moclair (née Carew). Her father was evicted from his farm by the local unionist politician and landlord, Arthur Smith-Barry, in March 1888. As a local organiser during the Plan of Campaign, her father was arrested and jailed a number of times, finally having his farm and home restored to him in 1911. Moclair attended the Presentation convent, Cashel and later the Ursuline convent, Waterford. She entered University College Dublin to study medicine, graduating MB, BCh, BAO in 1921 and DPH in 1922. She could also speak Irish fluently, and was an accomplished mezzo-soprano singer, winning the Denis O'Sullivan medal at the 1921 Feis Ceoil, and often performed at events and concerts.

Career.

In 1922 Moclair was unanimously elected as the first woman assistant master of the National Maternity Hospital, Dublin, having been nominated by Sir Andrew Horne having faced "some opposition from the more conservative Governors". Serving three consecutive annual terms from 1922 to 1925, in the last two she worked alongside Andrew Horne Jr, with dual posts of assistant master serving as residential posts. In the late 1920s, Moclair and Horne Jr held undergraduate posts in Vienna, and upon their return to Dublin, established a private practice.  Moclair demonstrated compassion to mothers and newborn babies, remarking that "the midwife knows more than we do", working to instil confidence in new mothers. She developed a pioneering pre-marital course with the Catholic social services, as well as delivering health and hygiene courses in vocational schools around for young women and mothers. With Dorothy Price, Moclair testified before the Carrigan Commission, which was reviewing the existing Irish law on sexual offences in Ireland. In her role as a representative of the Irish Women Doctors' Committee, she stated that Irish teenagers and young women were more innocent and naive than their British contemporaries, and were ignorant of facts concerning sex and reproduction. Citing this ignorance, she called for better sexual health education to counter the widespread ignorance amongst young women and girls. With Price, Moclair testified to their personal knowledge of cases of 13-year-old girls becoming mothers due to lack of education. They argued that the secrecy and shame associated with sexual assault resulted in low rates of reporting and only young women who became pregnant would admit they had been raped or sexually assaulted. Moclair's testimony, along with that of many other women experts, was largely ignored by the committee, and the transcripts remained sealed in the National Archives until 1999.  From the 1920s, Moclair served as president and chair of the Women's National Health Association, which was focusing on the elimination of tuberculosis and improving childhood health at the time. As a practising Catholic, she was a member of St. Joan's International Alliance, the Linen Guild which supported babies born in the National Maternity Hospital, Society of Saint Vincent de Paul, Catholic Social Welfare Bureau and other voluntary Catholic organisations including in her local parish in St Andrew's, Westland Row, Dublin. From 1963 to 1966, Moclair was president of Peamount Hospital, Newcastle, County Dublin. She served as an examiner for the Central Midwives Board of Ireland.

Family and death.

Moclair married Andrew Horne Jr at St Andrew's Church, Westland Row, Dublin on 23 November 1971. The couple had one son (1931–1946) and twin daughters, Margaret and Patricia. At first they lived and practised on Merrion Square, later moving to Cowper Drive, Rathmines. Moclair died at Dr Steevens' Hospital, Dublin, of renal failure on 23 November 1971.

Delia Moclair (8 January 1895 - 23 November 1971) was an Irish obstetrician, and first woman assistant master of the National Maternity Hospital, Dublin.

Delia Moclair ( - ) est une obstétricienne irlandaise et la première femme maître-assistante du National Maternity Hospital de Dublin.


Summary.

Santurce is one of the top ten most-populated areas of the island. It includes the neighborhoods of Miramar, Loíza, Isla Grande, Barrio Obrero, and Condado, which are cultural hot spots for art, music, cuisine, fashion, hotels, technology, multimedia, film, textile and startups.  The 2010 U.S. Census recorded a total population of 81,251 people living in an area of. It is the most populous borough ("barrio") in Puerto Rico and one of the most densely populated areas of San Juan, at 15,447.0 residents per square mile (6,931.2/km2).

Geography.

Geographically speaking, Santurce is a peninsula that is attached to the mainland in the east, where it borders with the Isla Verde district of Carolina. It is 7.6 km long from west to east, and up to 3.0 km wide in the eastern part. The peninsula is bounded by the Atlantic Ocean in the north, with more than five km of beaches from the Condado peninsula in the west, to a point 600 m east of "Punta Las Marías", where it borders on the Isla Verde area, and "Laguna San José" and its northern embayment, "Laguna Los Corozos" to the east.  To the south is the Martín Peña Channel, which separates Santurce from the northern barrios of former municipio Río Piedras: Hato Rey Norte, Hato Rey Central, and Oriente. To the west is San Juan Bay, where three bridges, "Puente Dos Hermanos" (Ave. Ashford), "Puente G. Esteves" (Ave. Ponce de León) and "Puente San Antonio" (Ave. Fernandes Juncos) connect Santurce with "La Isleta" (small island) where Old San Juan is located. It has a total area of composed of of land and of water area.  The topography is mainly flat with low hills toward the central areas and swampy areas to the south along the Martín Peña Channel and to the east near the Laguna San José (San José Lagoon). The highest point is at Monteflores with.

Location.

Santurce is located along the north-eastern coast of Puerto Rico. It lies south of the Atlantic Ocean, east of Old San Juan and west of Isla Verde. The district occupies an area of of land and 3.46 (8.96 km2) of water. It is surrounded by six bodies of water: San Juan Bay, Condado Natural Lagoon, the Martín Peña Channel, San José Lagoon, Los Corozos Lagoon, and the Atlantic Ocean with its respective beaches and estuaries.

History.

Colonial.

Santurce was originally settled by the native Arawak and later by slaves of African ancestry who arrived from the neighboring Danish West Indies. Throughout the centuries, the district continued to grow due to its crossfade location between San Juan and its southern suburbs.

Spanish influence.

In 1876, an engineer from the port town of Santurtzi in Spain's autonomous Basque Country region known as Pablo Ubarri arrived on the island to help in the construction of a railroad system and a steam tramway between San Juan and the town of Río Piedras through the center of "Cangrejos" which prompted the gentrification of the district. Many years after his arrival he was granted the title of Count of Santurce (which is the Hispanicized equivalent of Santurtzi) by the Spanish Crown. With his newly acquired title and influence, the district was renamed after his title (a decision that has caused controversy ever since). The neighboring Condado also received its present-name from Ubarri's title, as the district's name literally translates to "county" (which in medieval tradition is land granted by a monarch to a count).

Treaty of Paris (1898).

The Treaty of Paris provided that Cuba would become independent from Spain but the U.S. Congress made sure it would be under U.S. control through the Platt Amendment. It ceded to the United States Puerto Rico, and other adjacent islands then under Spanish sovereignty in the Caribbean, as well as Guam and the Philippines in Asia-Pacific region.  The United States Army established the now historical Camp Las Casas, in the area of "Las Casas" in 1904. The camp was the main training base of the "Porto Rico Regiment of Infantry" (on January 15, 1899, the military government changed the name of Puerto Rico to Porto Rico and on May 17, 1932, U.S. Congress changed the name back to "Puerto Rico") The Porto Rico Regiment of Infantry was a segregated U.S. Army Regiment which was later renamed the "65th Infantry Regiment". Correction on the previous statement : The 65th Infantry Regiment was not segregated. It was a Regular Army Regiment that accepted personnel of every race but blacks, there was a black Regiment in the Island for that purpose, the 375th Regiment. The base continued in operation until 1946, when it was finally closed and the Residencial Las Casas now stands.  The United States took control of Puerto Rico from Spain in the aftermath of the Spanish-American War under the terms of the Treaty of Paris of 1898. In 1899, the United States conducted its first census of Puerto Rico, finding that the population of Santurce was 5,840.

The 20th century.

In the 20th century the conurbation of the San Juan metropolis expanded rapidly beyond its walled confines of Old San Juan to incorporate the boroughs of suburban Miramar, Santurce, Isla Grande, and Condado, along the coast, as well as industrial Hato Rey, with its large sports stadium and modern financial district, and the college town of Río Piedras, immediately to the southeast. Between 1937 and 1948, Santurce along with neighboring district Miramar became one of the most vibrant areas of the capital. However, by the 1970s, most of the district had fallen into decay, losing the luster and vibrancy it once had. Many residents left Santurce, fleeing to the suburbs. By 1980 the San Juan metropolitan area included the surrounding municipalities to the east and west and had about one-third of Puerto Rico's total population; that proportion has grown to two-thirds of the population.

The 21st century.

Santurce saw a period of economic decline coupled with the financial crisis of the local banking & mortgage system. In 2009, the district began a period of cosmopolitan revival and economic growth as many local establishments such as bars, clubs, and restaurants opened their doors due to the importance of trade and tourism. What helped was the decrease in rent, it attracted artists to the area.  Since then, Santurce began experiencing gentrification and is now hailed by many as Puerto Rico's "hipster Haven".

Demographics.

Subdivisions of Santurce.

Santurce has a community of 81,251 of inhabitants living in a land area of. It is subdivided into 40 "subbarrios" (sub-districts).

Population.

For centuries "barrios" have been the first "geo-political" division of Puerto Rico's municipalities, however presently they primarily serve statistical purposes for both the U.S. Census Bureau & the Puerto Rico Planning Board. The most densely populated area lies to the southeast bordering the San José Lagoon and the Martín Peña Channel, while the least densely populated areas are found by the mangrove swamps to the south surrounding the Martín Peña Channel, and the western area of Isla Grande, a decommissioned United States Navy military base.

Cityscape.

Architecture.

Structures of architectural value and historical importance are located mainly throughout Avenida Ponce de León, Ashford Avenue and Avenida Fernández Juncos.

Transportation.

Public transportation is provided by several bus lines (locally known as guaguas) operated by the Puerto Rico Metropolitan Bus Authority and circulate along the main avenues of Ponce de León and Fernández Juncos among others.  In the peripheries of Santurce there is a rapid transit system called Tren Urbano. The Sagrado Corazón terminal station is located in the southeast section of the district in the neighborhood of Martín Peña. Santurce is a few minutes away by car from the country's main airport, Luis Muñoz Marín International Airport, and from San Juan's secondary commercial airport, Isla Grande Airport.

Culture.

Museums and galleries.

Santurce is the main residence of two major museums on the island.

Education.

Santurce is home to some of the most prestigious private education institutions in Puerto Rico. It also includes notable public schools:

Synagogues and cathedrals.

Santurce is home to one of the largest Jewish communities in Puerto Rico with over 1,500 people attending two local synagogues. Jews were officially prohibited from settling in the island through much of its history, but many managed to settle in the island as secret Jews.  Many arrived from France, the Netherlands, Saint-Barthélemy and Curaçao after World War II. A minor portion are descendants of Jewish Cubans who came to establishment after Fidel Castro's Cuban Revolution of 1959. Like in many former Spanish colonies founded soon after the Spanish Inquisition, there are some Puerto Ricans who are Crypto-Jews. Recent DNA ancestry has identified a number of Portuguese descendants who arrived in Puerto Rico after the start of the Portuguese Inquisition in 1536. These are descendants of Conversó families. There are some who maintain elements of Jewish traditions, although they themselves are, or were raised as Christians.

Sports.

Santurce has the most modern swimming facilities in the Caribbean and fourth in the world. It is an Olympic aquatic sports facility used to host local and international events such as the 2nd A.S.U.A Pan American Masters Swimming Championship. The San Juan Natatorium is located in Santurce's Central Park.  The district also has a baseball and a basketball team both known as the Santurce Crabbers ("Cangrejeros de Santurce") because of the original name of the township. They have been part of the community for over 70 years. Both teams have enjoyed great domestic success, the baseball team is regarded as the ‘New York Yankees of Puerto Rico’, largely in part to the accomplishments of its legendary players, such as Roberto Clemente and Willie Mays.

Health.

Santurce has an extensive healthcare network which includes two of the finest hospitals on the island, Ashford Presbyterian Community Hospital and Pavia Hospital.

Economy.

Santurce experienced significant economic growth following World War II. During this period the district underwent an economic revitalization. Tourism is also a key industry based on Santurce's proximity to Puerto Rico's main international airport, Luis Muñoz Marín International Airport, and the smaller Fernando Luis Ribas Dominicci Airport. The concentration of hotels are primarily located in the Condado area where there are numerous luxurious hotels including La Concha Resort, Marriott and the Conrad Hotel.

Santurce is a barrio in the municipality of San Juan, Puerto Rico. Its population in 2010 was 81,251. It is also the biggest and most populated of all the districts in the capital with a bigger population than most municipalities of Puerto Rico and one of the most densely populated areas of the island (15,447.0 persons per square mile).

Santurce est un quartier de la municipalité de San Juan, à Porto Rico. Sa population en 2010 était de. C'est également le plus grand et le plus peuplé de tous les districts de la capitale avec une population plus importante que la plupart des municipalités de Porto Rico et l'une des zones les plus densément peuplées de l'île ( par mile carré).


Early life and education.

Bleier was born in New Kensington, Pennsylvania on November 17, 1923. She was also the daughter of Russian immigrants and was raised in Pennsylvania. She received her B.A. in 1945 from Goucher College, and subsequently received her M.D. from Woman's Medical College of Pennsylvania in 1949. She interned at the Sinai Hospital in Baltimore, Maryland and then practiced general medicine in the inner city of Baltimore for ten years. She married Leon Eisenberg, and together they raised 2 children and ran a medical clinic for the impoverished population of Baltimore.

Career.

Bleier advocated for civil rights with the Maryland Committee for Peace in the early 1950s; She also advocated for the end of the Korean War; this work lead to a subpoena from the House Un-American Activities Committee (HUAAC), which was run by Senator Joseph McCarthy at the time period. Due to her lack of cooperation, she was placed on the HUAAC blacklist; this resulted in Bleier losing her hospital privileges. Since she lost her legal ability to practice medicine, Bleier went to Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine in 1957 to study neuroanatomy with Professor Jerzy Rose, completing her post-doctoral fellowship in 1961. Bleier gave up her medical practice in order to teach psychiatry and physiology at the Adolph Meyer Laboratory of Neuroanatomy. She then joined the University of Wisconsin-Madison department of Neurophysiology in 1967; at the same time Bleier was also working with Weisman Center of Mental Retardation and the Wisconsin Regional Primate Center. Bleier is a known authority on the animal hypothalamus: she has published three works on the subject.  In the 1970s, Bleier began to see how the biological sciences were affected by sexism and other cultural biases, and thus devoted herself to the application of feminist analyses and viewpoint to the practices and theories of science. She also began to focus on improving women’s access and station in higher education. Bleier argued against the idea of sociobiology as an explanation of conventional gender roles. In her work she demonstrated how gender, sexuality, and science, rather than being static and judgment-free, are constantly changing in response to social values and ideas  Her books regarding biology and feminism, Science and Gender: A Critique of Biology and Its Theories on Women (1984) and Feminist Approaches to Science (1986), have become prominent readings for women's studies to explore the biological differences of sexes and the origins of gender differences.  Sticking to her activist routes, Bleier became a founding member of the Association of Faculty Women at the University of Wisconsin-Madison. The Association challenged the administration to reassess the status and salaries of female instructors campus-wide and to rectify inequalities. The Association succeeded in equaling pay for men and women university workers, and also succeeded in integrating gymnasiums by having the women faculty have a group shower in the men's locker room. Bleier also helped establish the Woman's Studies Program in 1975, and even served as chair from 1982 to 1886.

Personal life.

Bleier came out as a lesbian after her marriage to her husband ended in divorce and began her work to create lesbian rights within the women's movement. She created a lesbian-friendly restaurant, called “Lysistrata.” She also organized lesbian social events, a feminist bookstore. Additionally, Bleier advocated for abortion rights with her partner, Elizabeth Karlin.

Death and legacy.

Bleier died at home in Wisconsin on January 4, 1988 from cancer at sixty-four years old. The University of Wisconsin annually awards the Ruth Bleier scholarships in order to encourage young women to go into careers studying the natural sciences, medicine, or engineering, and the University of Wisconsin's Department of History of Medicine has an endowed chair in her honor.

Ruth Harriet Bleier (1923–1988) was a neurophysiologist who is also one of the first feminist scholars to explore how gender biases have shaped biology. Her career consisted of combining her academic interests with her commitment to social justice for women and the lower-class.

Ruth Harriet Bleier (1923-1988) est une neurophysiologue, l'une des premières chercheuses féministes à explorer comment les préjugés sexistes ont façonné la biologie.


Childhood.

Al-Werfalli was born in 1978. He is a member of the Warfalla tribe, which was loyal to former Libyan ruler Muammar Gaddafi and from which many members of Gaddafi's security forces were recruited.

Military career.

Al-Werfalli began his career in the Libyan Army in 2000 after graduating from the country's military college. He eventually became a member of the elite al-Saiqa unit and remained a member when the Libyan Civil War against Gaddafi's rule began in 2011. Soon thereafter al-Saiqa, under the command of Wanis Bukhmada, defected and joined the rebels.  Following the end of Gaddafi's rule, al-Saiqa aligned itself with the Libyan National Army, led by Khalifa Haftar, and fought against the Shura Council of Benghazi Revolutionaries in and around the city of Benghazi from 2014 to 2017 in a battle for control of the city. By at least 2017, al-Werfalli was a regional commander of al-Saiqa and oversees at least one detention center. In that year al-Werfalli gained international notoriety by appearing in videos posted by al-Saiqa's social media accounts that depicted him executing or ordering the execution of prisoners. In total 7 videos were published. One video in particular depicted the execution of 20 men. Al-Werfalli's actions were singled out by the Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights, which documented several of these incidents and called for a full investigation.

International Criminal Court charge.

Mahmoud al-Werfalli was indicted on 15 August 2017 with the war crime of murder with regard to the situation in Libya. The arrest warrant against him alleges that he "appears to be directly responsible for the killing of, in total, 33 persons in Benghazi or surrounding areas, between on or before 3 June 2016 and on or around 17 July 2017, either by personally killing them or by ordering their execution." The arrest warrant notes that in seven incidents, which were videoed and posted on al-Saiqa's social media accounts, al-Werfalli either appeared to order the execution, or conducted the execution himself, of prisoners. The Court notes in the arrest warrant that "the executions were exceptionally cruel, dehumanising and degrading." Two days after the Court issued the warrant of arrest, the Libyan National Army (LNA) announced that it had arrested al-Werfalli and that he was under investigation.  On 24 January 2018, he was accused of executing 10 prisoners in Benghazi. Automatically after that, an Interpol red notice against him, on behalf of International Criminal Court, was issued. , al-Werfalli had not been transferred to the custody of the ICC.

Mahmoud Mustafa Busayf al-Werfalli (born 1978) is a commander in al-Saiqa, an elite unit of the Libyan National Army, one of the warring factions in Libya's civil war since 2014. Al-Werfalli was indicted in 2017 in the International Criminal Court for the war crimes of murder and ordering the murder of non-combatants under article., the ICC had two outstanding warrants for al-Werfalli's arrest.

Mahmoud Mustafa Busayf al-Werfalli (né en 1978) est un militaire libyen. Il fait l'objet de poursuites devant la Cour pénale internationale.


Timeline of the fire.

Early stages.

The fire began in the Queen's Private Chapel at 11:15 in the morning when a curtain was ignited by a spotlight pressed up against it. Agents of the Royal Household were in the chapel at the time inspecting works of art. A fire alarm went off in the watch room of the castle fire brigade, manned by the Chief Fire Officer, Marshall Smith. The location of the fire was shown by a light on a grid-map of the castle. Initially, the Brunswick Tower was lit up, but lights soon began to flash indicating that the fire had quickly spread to neighbouring rooms.  A major part of the State Apartments was soon ablaze. Building contractors working in a nearby room attempted to tackle the blaze using fire extinguishers. The 30-foot (9 m) long curtains eventually dropped to the floor and continued to burn, while those present hurriedly began removing paintings from the chapel, until the intense heat and raining embers forced them to leave at 11:32.  At 11:36, Mr Smith pressed a switch to alert the control room at Reading fire station. He then activated the public fire alarm in the castle and telephoned the Royal Berkshire Fire and Rescue Service on a direct line, giving the message, "Windsor Castle here; we have got a fire in the Private Chapel. Come to the Quadrangle as arranged".  The castle still had its own twenty-person fire brigade, of whom six were full-time. Equipped with a Land Rover and pump tender, they were based in stables two miles south of the castle, and arrived on the scene at 11:41. Appliances from the Fire and Rescue Service arrived at 11:44. By 11:56, 17 pumping appliances had been ordered. An operation to save furniture and works of art involving castle staff, building contractors and the Queen's son, Prince Andrew, had commenced in rooms adjacent to the fire.

Subsequent events.

By 12:12, there were 20 fire engines, and by 12:20 there were 35, with over 200 fire-fighters from London, Buckinghamshire, Surrey and Oxfordshire, as well as from Berkshire. The Fire Incident Commander was David Harper, Deputy Chief Fire and Rescue Officer of the Fire and Rescue Service. The Chief Officer, Garth Scotford, was out of the country, on holiday.  By 12:20, the fire had spread to St George's Hall, a banqueting hall and the largest of the State Apartments. The number of fire appliances totalled 39 and 225 fire-fighters were in attendance. Hoses were directed at all levels of the building surrounding the fire. As an indication of the scale of the fire, there had been just one 30-appliance fire in the whole of Greater London since 1973.  By 13:30, fire breaks had been created by tradesmen at the southern wall of the Green Drawing Room (at the end of St George's Hall on the east side of the Quadrangle), and at the north-west corner at Chester Tower, where that tower joins the Grand Corridor. The fire-fighters had by this time started to bring the fire under control, though the roof of the State Apartments had begun to collapse.  At 15:30, the floors of the Brunswick Tower collapsed. Firemen had to temporarily withdraw to locate three men who were briefly lost in the smoke, and withdrew again because men were temporarily unaccounted for when part of the roof collapsed.  At 16:15, the fire had revived in the Brunswick Tower. As night fell, the fire was concentrated in the tower, which by 18:30 was engulfed by flames up to high.  At 19:00, the roof of St George's Hall finally collapsed.  By 20:00, after burning for nine hours, the fire was under control. It continued to burn for another three hours.  By 23:00, the main fire was extinguished, and by 02:30, the last secondary fires were extinguished. Pockets of fire remained until the early hours of the morning, some 15 hours after it began. Sixty firemen with eight appliances remained on duty for several more days. The fire had spread rapidly due to the large cavities and voids in the roof. 1.5 million gallons (7 million litres) of water from the mains water supply, a reservoir-fed hydrant, a swimming pool, a pond, and the nearby River Thames had been used to fight the fire.

Royal family.

The Queen was informed about the fire by a phone call from Prince Andrew, who had been in the mews across the Quadrangle from the State Apartments doing research work for his course at Staff College, Camberley when the fire broke out. She arrived at 15:00 and stayed at the castle for an hour. Prince Andrew briefed the press, telling reporters that Her Majesty was devastated, and the Prince of Wales visited the castle in the evening. The Queen returned again the following morning to inspect the damage.  In a speech at the Guildhall on 24 November the Queen described 1992 as an "annus horribilis", a Latin phrase meaning "horrible year". Earlier in the year, Buckingham Palace had announced the separation of the Duke and Duchess of York, and revelations about the marriage of Charles and Diana had been publicised in the media and in a book written by Andrew Morton. Two weeks later, the separation of Charles and Diana was announced.

Salvage operation.

Apart from the several hundred firemen directly involved in the fire-fight, staff and tradesmen helped the castle's fire brigade and volunteer salvage corps move furniture and works of art from the endangered apartments, including a long table and a long carpet from the Waterloo Chamber, to the safety of the castle's riding school. It was an enormous operation: 300 clocks, a collection of miniatures, thousands of valuable books and historic manuscripts, and old Master drawings from the Royal Library were saved. On fire officers' instructions, heavy chests and tables were left behind. All other items were placed on giant sheets of tarpaulin in the North Terrace and Quadrangle, and the police called in dozens of removal vans from a large part of the home counties to transport items to other parts of the castle.  Members of the Royal Household, including the Earl of Airlie, assisted in the operation. The Royal Collection Department were especially active, including the Director, Sir Geoffrey de Bellaigue, the Surveyor of Pictures, Christopher Lloyd, the Deputy Surveyor of the Queen's Works of Art, Hugh Roberts, the Curator of Print Room, Mrs Roberts, and the librarian, Oliver Everett. The Household Cavalry arrived from nearby Combermere Barracks. Some 100 officers and men of the Life Guards proved invaluable for moving bulky items. In all, 125 castle staff, 125 contractors, 100 military personnel and 20 Crown Estate staff were involved in the salvage operation.  There had been no serious injuries and no deaths. Dean Lansdale, a decorator in the Private Chapel, burnt his hands while removing pictures, of which he rescued three or four. He was moved to the royal surgery and then to a hospital. A royal spokesman denied reports in the media that Christopher Lloyd, the Surveyor of the Queen's Pictures, had suffered a heart attack. Five firemen were taken to hospital with minor injuries.

Extent of damage to the castle.

Structural damage.

The major loss was to the fabric of the castle. The false ceiling in St George's Hall and the void for coal trucks beneath the floor had allowed the fire to spread. It burned as far as the Chester Tower. Several ceilings collapsed. Apartments burnt included the Crimson Drawing Room (completely gutted), the Green Drawing Room (badly damaged, though only partially destroyed by smoke and water) and the Queen's Private Chapel (including the double-sided 19th century Henry Willis organ in the gallery between St George's Hall and Private Chapel, oak panelling, glass and the altar).  St George's Hall survived with the walls largely intact, but the ceiling had collapsed. The State Dining Room in the Prince of Wales Tower and the Grand Reception Room were also devastated. In total, 100 rooms were affected by the fire. Smaller apartments damaged or destroyed included the Star Chamber, Octagon Room, Brunswick Tower (covered in 12 feet (3.5 m) of debris), Cornwall Tower, Prince of Wales Tower, Chester Tower, Holbein Room and the Great Kitchen, which lost its plaster coving and most of the medieval timber. The external wall above the bay window of the Crimson Drawing Room (between the Prince of Wales and Chester Towers) was seriously calcified.

Contents.

The most seriously damaged rooms had largely been emptied of their valuable contents the previous day, and some paintings were on loan to a travelling exhibition. Items from the Royal Collection lost include the Sir William Beechey equestrian portrait "George III and the Prince of Wales Reviewing Troops", which at 13 feet (4 m) by 16 feet (5 m) was too large to remove; an 18-foot (5.5 m) long 1820s sideboard by Morel and Seddon; several items of porcelain; several chandeliers; the Willis organ; and the 1851 Great Exhibition Axminster carpet was partly burnt. Peter Brooke, then Secretary of State for National Heritage, called the fire a national disaster.

Tourism.

Tourists were allowed into the precincts within three days. The Queen was back in residence a fortnight later. The Gallery and Queen Mary's Dolls' House reopened in December. The State Apartments reopened in 1993 after rewiring was completed, with all major rooms open by Easter, when only St George's Hall and the Grand Reception Room stayed closed. Thus eleven of fifteen principal rooms of the State Apartments were open, and two were still undergoing long-term restoration, with two more having been destroyed.

Restoration project.

Funding.

It was initially feared that it would cost £60 million to restore the castle, though the final cost was £36.5 million (equivalent to £ million in ), and that drying out the castle would take 10 years. Occupied royal palaces like Windsor Castle are too valuable to insure, and items in the Royal Collection are not insured against loss. An independent trust for private donations towards the cost of the restoration was announced on 16 February 1993 by the Queen's bank, Coutts. On 29 April 1993 it was announced that 70% of the cost would be met by charging the public for entry into the castle precincts and £8 for admission to Buckingham Palace for the next five years. The Queen contributed £2 million of her own money, and she agreed to start paying income tax from 1993 onwards, making her the first British monarch to do so since the 1930s.

Planning.

On 7 June 1994, details of the restoration project were announced. The architectural firm Donald Insall Associates was appointed by the Royal Household to take overall charge of the restoration, with Sidell Gibson dealing with the reconstruction of St George's Hall and the design of the new Lantern Lobby and Private Chapel. Over half the damaged and destroyed rooms, including the State and Octagon dining rooms, were to be restored as original. There were to be new designs for the St George's Hall ceiling (with steel reinforcing beams in the roof) and East Screen, also the Queen's Private Chapel, Stuart and Holbein Rooms. However, only the Queen's Private Chapel and several modern rooms were to be restored in a modern style.  Designs were submitted to a Restoration Committee, whose Chairman was the Duke of Edinburgh and Deputy Chairman was the Prince of Wales. Members included the Earl of Airlie (Lord Chamberlain), Sir Hayden Phillips (Permanent Secretary of the Department of National Heritage), Lord St John of Fawsley (Chairman of the Royal Fine Art Commission), Sir Jocelyn Stevens (Chairman of English Heritage), Frank Duffy (President of the Royal Institute of British Architects) and three senior palace officials.  The fire, catastrophic though it was, presented the opportunity for some major new architectural work. Although criticised by some people who thought it lacked imagination, the architects believed that, given the history of the building and the surviving fabric, the new work had to be Gothic.

Execution.

The state dining room gilded sideboard, 19 feet long and made out of rare rosewood and oak, was originally designed by Augustus Pugin in the 19th century. It had to be replicated by N.E.J. Stevenson using only some photographs and descriptions.  New designs for St George's Hall and the Queen's Private Chapel were approved by the Queen on 24 January 1995. Designed by architect Giles Downes, the new roof for St George's Hall is an example of a hammer-beam ceiling. The new chapel and adjoining cloisters were realigned to form a processional route from the private apartments, through an octagonal vestibule, into St George's Hall. Downes's new roof is the largest green-oak structure built since the Middle Ages and is decorated with brightly coloured shields celebrating the heraldic element of the Order of the Garter; the design attempts to create an illusion of additional height through the Gothic woodwork along the ceiling. Commentators have noted that Downes's work does much to compensate for the originally flawed dimensions of the hall. The Lantern Lobby has oak columns forming a vaulted ceiling, imitating an arum lily.  The first stage of the structural restoration was completed in May 1996. Fitting out, originally planned to finish by spring 1998, occurred on 17 November 1997. The Queen held a reception in the newly restored hall for the architects and building contractors involved in the project.

On 20 November 1992, a fire broke out in Windsor Castle, the largest inhabited castle in the world and one of the official residences of Queen Elizabeth II. The castle suffered extensive damage and was fully repaired within the next few years at a cost of £36.5 million, in a project led by the conservation architects Donald Insall Associates. It led to the Queen paying tax on her income, and to Buckingham Palace, the Queen's other official residence, being opened to the public to help pay for the restoration work.

L'incendie du château de Windsor, survenu le 20 novembre 1992, est un incendie qui s'est déclaré au château de Windsor, le plus grand château habité du monde et l'une des résidences officielles de la reine Élisabeth II. Le château a subi d'importants dommages et a été entièrement réparé au cours des années suivantes pour un coût de 36,5 millions de livres sterling, dans le cadre d'un projet mené par les architectes de conservation du. Cela a conduit la Reine à payer des impôts sur ses revenus et à ouvrir le palais de Buckingham, l'autre résidence officielle de la Reine, au public pour aider à payer les travaux de restauration.


History.

The land was purchased in 1898 in secrecy by Carnegie, more than a mile north of what was then fashionable society, in part to ensure there was enough space for a garden. He asked his architects Babb, Cook & Willard for the "most modest, plainest, and most roomy house in New York". However, it was also the first American residence to have a steel frame and among the first to have a private Otis Elevator and central heating. His wife, Louise, lived in the house until she died in 1946.  The Carnegie Corporation gave the house and property to the Smithsonian in 1972, and the modern incarnation of the Cooper-Hewitt Museum opened there in 1976. Hardy Holzman Pfeiffer Associates handled the renovation into a museum in 1977. The interior was redesigned by the architectural firm, Polshek and Partners, headed by James Polshek, in 2001.  The mansion was used in the 1973 musical film "Godspell" for the number "Turn Back, O Man."

Description.

The mansion stands on of land at the northeast corner of 5th Avenue and 91st Street. It is a 3-1/2 story structure, finished in brick and stone. It is stylistically an eclectic variation of the Georgian Revival, with stone ashlar corner quoining, windows with heavy stone trim, and a dentillated cornice topped by an urned balustrade. A grassy lawn separates the house from 91st Street, and there is a small garden on its west side. Just east of the mansion proper is a townhouse that was purchased by Carnegie soon after its 1905 construction as a residence for his daughter. This building forms part of the current complex, although its interior has been modernized and converted to office and administrative uses by the Smithsonian.

The Andrew Carnegie Mansion is a historic house located at 2 East 91st Street at Fifth Avenue in the Upper East Side of Manhattan, New York City, New York. Andrew Carnegie moved into his newly completed mansion in late 1902 and lived there until his death in 1919; his wife, Louise, continued to live there until her death in 1946. The building is now the Cooper-Hewitt, Smithsonian Design Museum, part of the Smithsonian Institution. The surrounding area, part of the larger Upper East Side neighborhood, has come to be called Carnegie Hill. The mansion was named a National Historic Landmark in 1966.

L'Andrew Carnegie Mansion est une maison historique située au 2 East 91st Street sur la Cinquième Avenue dans l'Upper East Side de Manhattan, à New York. Andrew Carnegie a emménagé dans son manoir récemment achevé à la fin de 1902 et y a vécu jusqu'à sa mort en 1919; sa femme, Louise, a continué à y vivre jusqu'à sa mort en 1946. Le bâtiment est maintenant le Cooper-Hewitt, Smithsonian Design Museum, qui fait partie de la Smithsonian Institution. La zone environnante, qui fait partie du plus grand quartier de l'Upper East Side, s'appelle désormais Carnegie Hill. Le manoir a été désigné monument historique national en 1966.


Thomson–East Coast line (métro de Singapour)

History.

Thomson stretch.

The Thomson line was first announced on 25 January 2008. Several architectural and engineering consultancy packages were released in 2010 which indicated an increase in the number of stations from 18 in the initial announcement to the current 22 and length of the line from.  The Land Transport Authority announced on 16 June 2011 the location of the depot for the line, which was due to begin construction at the end of 2012. It also announced Woodlands as an interchange with the existing North South line and an additional station located near to Republic Polytechnic.  On 29 August 2012, it was announced the Thomson line's deadline was pushed back to 2019 onwards instead of the indicative timeline of 2018 announced in the Land Transport Masterplan. The line's deadline was pushed back to January 2020 as of 19 September 2019. The line officially opened 31 January 2020.  Construction of the Thomson line began in January 2014.  The groundbreaking ceremony took place on 27 June that year at Woodlands. All the working station names were confirmed as the final names except for Sin Ming station which was changed to Bright Hill.  In addition, a station box located in between Springleaf and Lentor Station named "Tagore" is speculated to be a MRT station once the area is developed enough similar to Hume on the Downtown line and Bukit Brown on the Circle line.  The first stage of the line, involving Woodlands North, Woodlands and Woodlands South, began operation on 31 January 2020 and currently exists on 4.2km length of track.

East Coast stretch.

The Eastern Region line (ERL) was first announced on 23 October 2001. In its preliminary plans, ERL was to have been a 40 kilometre rectangular loop that would complement the existing East West line and enhance inter- and intra-town travelling in the eastern region. It would have looped around the Jalan Besar and East Coast areas, intersecting the Circle line and other lines along the way, benefiting residents in Tampines, Bedok, Marine Parade, MacPherson and Kaki Bukit. The northern part of Eastern Region line is renamed to Downtown line stage 3, whereas the southern part of Eastern Region line is renamed to East Coast stretch of Thomson-East Coast line. Sungei Bedok became an interchange between the Downtown and Thomson-East Coast lines.  On 11 July 2012, Josephine Teo, Minister of State, Ministry of Finance and Ministry of Transport, announced that the Land Transport Authority is starting architectural and engineering consultancy studies for the Eastern Region line, which will eventually connect to the Thomson line.  The director of rail services from the Land Transport Authority, Melvyn Thong, said on 29 May 2013 at the Modern Railways conference that there are plans to extend the Eastern Region line to the future Changi Airport Terminal 4 which was at that time, set to be ready by 2017 but on 1 June that year, the Land Transport Authority clarified that the Eastern Region line will not provide an MRT link to the planned Terminal 4. On 30 August that year, Minister of State for Transport Josephine Teo unveiled plans that it will be linked to the future Changi Airport Terminal 5, a mega terminal, which will be the largest terminal in Singapore upon completion in the 2030s.

Merger.

The Eastern Region line was merged with the Thomson line on 15 August 2014 to form the Thomson–East Coast line, extending the project to five stages, with nine more stations.  The groundbreaking ceremony for the East Coast stretch took place at Marine Parade on 21 July 2016. All the working station names, including Xilin on the Downtown line extension, were confirmed as the final names except for Amber station which was changed to Tanjong Katong. The authorities are also considering extending the Thomson–East Coast line to all terminals at Changi Airport, including the upcoming Terminal 5, announced Transport Minister Khaw Boon Wan.  SMRT Trains Ltd was appointed as the operator of the line on 15 September 2017.  On 28 August 2019, the Land Transport Authority awarded several non-fare businesses along the line, with Asiaray Connect awarded an advertising contract and a consortium, made up of SMRT Experience, JR Business Development SEA and Alphaplus Investments appointed to run retail space. This is the first time the LTA outsourced these non-fare businesses.  On 19 September that year, Transport Minister Khaw Boon Wan revealed that the opening of the first stage of the Thomson–East Coast line from Woodlands North to Woodlands South was delayed to January 2020 from the indicative time of 2019 announced earlier, subsequently confirmed as 31 January 2020. Self-assistance kiosks were installed at all TEL MRT stations and will be rolled out to all stations.  On 11 January 2020, SMRT and LTA hosted an open house for the first stage of the line, with the stage opening for revenue service on 31 January 2020.

Thomson–East Coast line extension.

The LTA has announced that studies are ongoing for the possibility of extending the Thomson–East Coast line from Sungei Bedok to either serve Changi Airport Terminal 5 directly or via Changi Airport MRT station, terminating at Changi Village. On 25 May 2019, it was confirmed that it will be extended to Changi Airport Terminal 5, which will start construction in 2020, and Changi Airport. The stretch of rail network between Tanah Merah and Changi Airport on the East West line will be converted to form part of the extension. The extension is expected to begin construction after 2022, with train services commencing by 2040.

Train control.

The Thomson–East Coast line is equipped with Alstom Urbalis 400 Communications-based train control (CBTC) moving block signalling system with Automatic train control (ATC) under Automatic train operation (ATO) GoA 4 (UTO). The subsystems consist of Automatic train protection (ATP) to govern train speed, Iconis Automatic Train Supervision (ATS) to track and schedule trains and Smartlock Computer-based interlocking (CBI) system that prevents incorrect signal and track points to be set.  Alstom will also be supplying platform screen doors for the Thomson–East Coast line.

Rolling Stock.

The first generation of rolling stock being introduced onto the Thomson–East Coast line is the CT251, built by Kawasaki Heavy Industries & CRRC Qingdao Sifang in Qingdao, China. These trains are the first in Singapore to have 5 doors per car, and are completely automated and driverless. 91 of the type are being built, to service both the Thomson–East Coast line (TEL) and the future Singapore–Johor Bahru Rapid Transit System (RTS). The trains will be housed at the Mandai Depot and the future East Coast Integrated Depot (shared with the Downtown and the East West lines).

The Thomson–East Coast line (TEL) is a medium-capacity Mass Rapid Transit (MRT) line under development in Singapore. Coloured brown on the rail map, it is fully underground serving 32 stations over in length, and will be among the world's longest driverless rapid transit lines. It will run along a combined north–south and east–west corridor, starting in the north at Woodlands town, passing through Upper Thomson and the towns of Ang Mo Kio and Bishan, before heading south to Orchard Road and Marina Bay, then running eastwards along the east coast through Kallang, Marine Parade and Bedok South, before ending at Upper East Coast.

La Thomson–East Coast line (parfois abrégée en TEL) est l'une des six lignes du "Mass Rapid Transit" (MRT), le métro de la cité-état de Singapour. À l'horizon 2024, elle effectuera un tracé parabolique du nord a sud-est de l'île comprenant pour une longueur de, entre les stations "Woodlands North" et Sungei Bedok. Le premier tronçon de la ligne a ouvert le sur une courte section de trois stations entre Woodlands North et Woodlands South. L'ensemble des stations sera ouvert par phase de fin 2020 à 2024.


Early life.

Owusu-Ekuful was born on 20 October 1964. She hails from Akim Oda in the Eastern Region of Ghana.

Education.

Owusu-Ekuful attended Labone Senior High School and proceeded to Mfantisman Girls Secondary School to have her sixth form education. She furthered her education in University of Ghana and the Ghana School Of Law where she obtained an LLB. She was called to the bar in 1990. She has attended courses including one at the Kofi Annan International Peacekeeping Training Centre. From the Kofi Annan International Peacekeeping Training Centre, she obtained a Masters in Conflict, Peace and Security.

Career.

She worked for ten years as a lawyer before leading a technology company. In 2012, she was elected to be the Member of Parliament for the Ablekuma West Constituency. In 2015, she and other women MPs were subject to personal attacks after there was a dispute over places reserved for women members of parliament. She was reported as saying that she was considering her future in politics, but the following year she became the Minister of Communications.  Before her current position as the Minister of Communication she served on different boards and in different capacities in her professional career. She served as a Managing Consultant, N. U. Consult Legal, Governance and Gender Consultants, the Director of Vodafone Ghana Company Limited, a member of Ghana Bar Association, an Executive Member of International Federation of Women Lawyers (FIDA), Ghana and a member of African Women Lawyers Association (AWLA), Ghana.

Adhan controversy.

Following the suggestion by Kwabena Frimpong Boateng as Minister for Environment, Science, Technology and Innovations, for Mosques using external speakers for the Adhan to consider gathering their congregation using text message and WhatsApp messenger, sections of the Ghanaian community were discontented by their perceived "impracticality" of the proposal and reproached the Minister for making the suggestion. This was considered by some observers as an exhibition of intolerance among members of the Muslim community in Ghana.  Ursula Owusu-Ekuful shared an article on her Facebook wall from Ghanaweb.com, that agreed with the latter position, suggesting that she herself held the same view that "Muslims in Ghana are intolerant". She later deleted the Facebook post and wrote a rejoinder on Modernghana.com disassociating herself from that article.

Politics.

In 2015, she contested and won the NPP parliamentary primaries in the Ablekuma West Constituency. She retained her parliamentary seat during the 2016 Ghanaian general elections by winning with 34,376 votes out of the 60,558 valid votes casted making 56.96%. In 2017, Ursula Owusu was appointed The Minister for Communications and accepted the offer to become the development queen (Nkosuohemaa) of Akyem Asuom in the Kwaebibirem District of the Eastern Region.

Personal.

She is married to a UK-based Ghanaian ophthalmologist, Dr Sam Ekuful, with one child. She identifies as a Christian.

Ursula Owusu-Ekuful (born 20 October 1964) is a lawyer, women's rights activist and a Ghanaian parliamentarian representing Ablekuma West constituency. She has been the Minister of Communications for Ghana since the assumption of power by the New Patriotic Party in January 2017. On Saturday, 29 September 2018, she was installed as the Nkosuohemaa (Development Queen) by the traditional leaders and the people of Akem Asuom in the Eastern Region of Ghana. The ceremony took place at the Palace of Asuomhene Osabarima Ofosuhene Apenteng II.

Ursula Owusu-Ekuful (née le ) est une avocate, militante des droits des femmes et parlementaire ghanéenne représentant la circonscription d'Ablekuma West. Elle est ministre des Communications du Ghana depuis la prise de pouvoir du Nouveau Parti patriotique en janvier 2017. Le samedi, elle était installée en tant que "Nkosuohemaa" (Reine du développement) par les chefs traditionnels et le peuple d'Akem Asuom dans la région orientale du Ghana. La cérémonie a eu lieu au Palais d'Asuomhene Osabarima Ofosuhene Apenteng II.


Demographics.

The 2010 United States Census reported that Elk Creek had a population of 163. The population density was 110.1 people per square mile (42.5/km2). The racial makeup of Elk Creek was 144 (88.3%) White, 0 (0.0%) African American, 7 (4.3%) Native American, 1 (0.6%) Asian, 0 (0.0%) Pacific Islander, 8 (4.9%) from other races, and 3 (1.8%) from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 8 persons (4.9%).  The Census reported that 163 people (100% of the population) lived in households, 0 (0%) lived in non-institutionalized group quarters, and 0 (0%) were institutionalized.  There were 73 households, out of which 16 (21.9%) had children under the age of 18 living in them, 40 (54.8%) were opposite-sex married couples living together, 5 (6.8%) had a female householder with no husband present, 6 (8.2%) had a male householder with no wife present. There were 3 (4.1%) unmarried opposite-sex partnerships, and 1 (1.4%) same-sex married couples or partnerships. 20 households (27.4%) were made up of individuals and 8 (11.0%) had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.23. There were 51 families (69.9% of all households); the average family size was 2.65.  The population was spread out with 25 people (15.3%) under the age of 18, 7 people (4.3%) aged 18 to 24, 21 people (12.9%) aged 25 to 44, 67 people (41.1%) aged 45 to 64, and 43 people (26.4%) who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 52.5 years. For every 100 females, there were 101.2 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 97.1 males.  There were 84 housing units at an average density of 56.7 per square mile (21.9/km2), of which 73 were occupied, of which 58 (79.5%) were owner-occupied, and 15 (20.5%) were occupied by renters. The homeowner vacancy rate was 3.3%; the rental vacancy rate was 0%. 129 people (79.1% of the population) lived in owner-occupied housing units and 34 people (20.9%) lived in rental housing units.

Climate.

This region experiences hot and dry summers with temperatures reaching up to 115 degrees, and winters that give you views of the snow, with just a chance for yourself.  According to the Köppen Climate Classification system, Elk Creek has a warm-summer Mediterranean climate, abbreviated "Csb" on climate maps.

Elk Creek is a census-designated place in Glenn County, California. It is located northwest of Willows, at an elevation of 745 feet (227 m).

Elk Creek est une "census-designated place" située dans le comté de Glenn, dans l'État de Californie, aux États-Unis. Sa population s’élevait à lors du recensement.


History.

Originally called The David Mannes Music School, it was founded in 1916 by David Mannes, concertmaster of the New York Symphony Orchestra, and his wife Clara Damrosch, sister of Walter Damrosch, then conductor of that orchestra and Frank Damrosch. The Damrosch and Mannes families were perhaps the most important music families in America at that time, with David Mannes emerging as one of the first American born violin recitalists to achieve significant status. David Mannes was the director of the Third Street Music School Settlement as well as founder of Colored Music Settlement School, all prior to founding the Mannes School. The School was originally housed on East 70th Street (later occupied by the Dalcroze School), a larger campus was created out of three brownstones on East 74th Street, in Manhattan's Upper East Side. After 1938, the school was known as the Mannes Music School, in recognition of the broader course of study that expanded the school well beyond that of a community music school, including the three-year Artist Diploma. When Clara died in 1948, their son Leopold Mannes became president, endowing the school with his fortune from co-inventing Kodachrome film. In 1953 the school began offering a bachelor of science degree and changed its name to the Mannes College of Music. In 1960 it merged with the Chatham Square Music School. In 1984 the school moved to larger quarters on West 85th Street. In 1989 Mannes joined The New School, whose five schools include Parsons School of Design, Eugene Lang College, and School of Drama. In 2005, the New School administration changed the name to Mannes College: the New School for Music. In 2015, the university renamed it Mannes School of Music, and moved it to Arnhold Hall in the West Village. It is now part of the College of Performing Arts at The New School, which also includes the School of Drama and the School of Jazz and Contemporary Music. The College of Performing Arts, including Mannes Prep, has a total of 1,450 students. The students in any of the three schools of the College of Performing Arts can take courses in the three schools (Drama, Jazz, Mannes), no matter which school they are directly enrolled in, expanding the opportunities for self-directed study.

Academics.

Two academic divisions constitute the conservatory:  The Techniques of Music program is the foundation for academic musical study in the two divisions at Mannes, encompassing the range of elementary to advanced music theory and aural skills and analysis classes.  Music theory was taught at Mannes from its inception, with David Mannes hiring important figures such as Ernest Bloch and Rosario Scalero to teach theory and composition. in 1931 Hans Weisse was hired, one of the leading students of Heinrich Schenker. Over the following nine years, Weisse promoted not just the study of Schenkerian analysis but the incorporation of it into the musical life of the school, including performance and composition. Because of his association with the school, Schenker's publication "Five Graphic Music Analyses" ("Fünf Urlinie-Tafeln") was published jointly by his regular publisher, Universal Edition and the David Mannes School in 1932.  In 1940, Weisse died unexpectedly and was replaced by Felix Salzer. Salzer, also a student of Schenker, built upon Weisse's foundation by reorganizing the theory program into the Techniques of Music department. The philosophy behind this move was and is to integrate musicianship, theory, and performance, which was based on Schenker's concept of the role of theory in tonal music. Salzer's leading student, Carl Schachter, as well as his students, continued and strengthened the department.  Today the Mannes program is rapidly evolving and expanding in both the study of performance and theory. Mannes has revised its curriculum to include the incorporation of music technology classes, improvisation ensembles, teaching artistry, arts journalism, film music composition, creative entrepreneurship and more, all tied to a new commitment to contemporary music well beyond the tonal-based approach of Schenker. The Mannes of today includes an ever-increasing number of programs in partnership with its sister conservatory, School of Jazz.

Mannes School of Music is a music conservatory in The New School, a private research university in New York City. In the fall of 2015, Mannes moved from its previous location on Manhattan's Upper West Side to join the rest of the New School campus in Arnhold Hall at 55 W. 13th Street.

Mannes School of Music est un conservatoire de musique dans The New School, une université privée à New York. À l'automne 2015, Mannes déménage de son emplacement précédent dans l'Upper West Side de Manhattan pour rejoindre le reste du campus de la New School à Arnhold Hall au 55 W. 13th Street.


Gameplay.

"Dirt 5" is a racing game focused on off-road racing. Disciplines within the game include rallycross, ice racing, stadium super trucks and off-road buggies. Players can compete in events in a wide range of locations including Arizona, Brazil, China, Italy, New York City and Norway. The game includes a dynamic weather system and seasons, which affect the racing; for example, the player can only compete in ice racing events in New York during winter months. A four-player splitscreen system is also introduced into the game.  "Dirt 5" also features a narrative-focused career mode that pits the player character against a rival driver called Bruno Durand (voiced by Nolan North) in a series of championships. The player also has a mentor called Alex “AJ” Janiček (voiced by Troy Baker) who provides them with advice throughout their career.

Development and release.

"Dirt 5" was announced during the 2020 Xbox Live presentation. In addition to releasing on the Microsoft Windows, PlayStation 4 and Xbox One platforms, it will be available for the ninth generation of video game consoles PlayStation 5 and Xbox Series X. Xbox versions of the game will support Microsoft's "Smart Delivery" program, which allows the player to purchase only one copy of the game that will work on both the Xbox One and the Xbox Series X. The game is being developed by Codemasters Cheshire, formerly known as Codemasters Evo, developers of "Onrush". Many of its staff worked on "Driveclub" and "MotorStorm". It is set to be released in October 2020, with a Stadia version to follow in 2021.

Dirt 5 (stylised as DiRT5) is an upcoming racing video game developed and published by Codemasters. It is the fourteenth game in the "Colin McRae Rally" series and the eighth game to carry the "Dirt" title. The game is scheduled to be released for Microsoft Windows, PlayStation 4, PlayStation 5, Xbox One and Xbox Series X in October 2020, and Stadia in 2021.

Dirt 5 (écrit DiRT5) est un prochain jeu vidéo de course développé et publié par Codemasters. Il s'agit du quatorzième jeu de la série "Colin McRae Rally" et le huitième jeu à porter le titre "Dirt". La sortie du jeu est prévue pour Microsoft Windows, PlayStation 4, PlayStation 5, Xbox One et Xbox Series X en octobre 2020 et Stadia en 2021.


Development.

The Creation Engine is an engine created by Bethesda Game Studios. After using Gamebryo to create "", "", and "Fallout 3", Bethesda decided that Gamebryo's capabilities were becoming too outdated and began work on Creation Engine for their next game, "", by forking the codebase used for "Fallout 3".  Following the completion of "Skyrim", Bethesda set out to enhance the graphical core of the Creation engine by first adding a physically based deferred renderer to allow for more dynamic lighting and to paint materials object surfaces with realistic materials. Bethesda worked with technology company Nvidia to implement volumetric lighting through a technique that makes use of hardware tesselation. Additionally the updated version of the Creation Engine powering Bethesda's "Fallout 4" offers more advanced character generation.  Shortly before the release of "Fallout 4", while Bethesda Game Studios began development of "Starfield" and downloadable content for "Fallout 4", what is currently Bethesda Game Studios Austin (at the time BattleCry Studios) was tasked with modifying the Creation Engine to support multiplayer content in preparation for the development of "Fallout 76". In conjunction with id Software (like Bethesda Softworks a ZeniMax Media subsidiary), BattleCry attempted to integrate id's "Quake" netcode into "Fallout 4"'s engine. This was considered a challenge by experts in the online game industry. A primary issue facing the developers was that components of the core engine (dating back to Gamebryo used in "The Elder Scrolls III: Morrowind") such as quests or world loading were designed centering on a single player (dubbed "Atlas" by the developers for its role in holding up the fabric of the loaded game world), a paradigm that would need to fundamentally change to allow multiple players spanning multiple worlds.  In addition to the network changes to the engine used in "Fallout 4", the "Fallout 76" implementation of the engine was described at the game's E3 reveal as having "all new rendering, lighting, and landscape technology". Bethesda Game Studios claims the improvements also allow for a 16× increase in detail and the ability to view unique weather systems occurring at a distance.

Features.

Creation Kit.

The Creation Kit is a modding tool for Creation Engine games. The Creation Kit takes advantage of the Creation Engine's modular nature. It was created by Bethesda Game Studios for the modding community of "The Elder Scrolls" series. The tool can be used to create worlds, races, NPCs, weapons, update textures, and fix bugs. Mods created using this tool are hosted on the Steam Workshop, Nexus Mods, Bethesda.net and various other sites.  A "Fallout 4"–compatible Creation Kit was released in April 2016.

The Creation Engine is a 3D video game engine created by Bethesda Game Studios based on the Gamebryo engine. The Creation Engine has been used to create role-playing video games such as "", "Fallout 4" and "Fallout 76".

Creation Engine est un moteur de jeu développé par Bethesda Game Studios à partir du moteur Gamebryo. Il a notamment été utilisé pour créer les action-RPG "" (2011), "Fallout 4" (2015) ou encore le futur "Starfield".


Early life.

Agnes Husband was born in Tayport, the daughter of a shipmaster John Husband and Agnes Lamond or Lomand. Agnes and her sister later worked as dressmakers in the Murraygate, Dundee.

Campaigning for socialism and women's suffrage.

Agnes Husband became involved in her forties in socialism and the Labour party, standing unsuccessfully for election to the School Board in 1897. But in 1901 she was elected as one of the first two women on the Parochial Board. She attended over 80 meetings in a year serving on four committees. And in 1905 Husband did win a place on the School Board too and promoted providing meals, books, and nursery education to poor children in the city.  Her own education continued in evening classes at Dundee University College and she became President of the Women's Freedom League (WFL) branch which started up in the city, and in 1909 she took a national role in the movement for women's suffrage. Agnes Husband attended and was able to give a first hand report on the demonstration which took place at Westminster but this was not reported in the local press.  Annot Wilkie or Robinson appears to have been influenced by Husband. During Agnes Husband's presidency of Dundee WFL in October 1913 the branch joined with the local Women's Social and Political Union (WSPU) to demonstrate against forcible feeding at Dundee Prison. In 1926 at the age of 74, she was the 5th woman to be given the Freedom of the City of Dundee.  Husband's Burgess ticket was on display in the City Archives for the centenary of women's suffrage, and it says it was "in recognition of the valuable services rendered by her to the Community as a Member of the Parish Council and the Education Authority and in many other ways over a long period of years".  She died in 1929.  Agnes Husband's influence and link to the wider suffrage movement was described as "she worked long and conscientiously on behalf of the poor and for better education. As a member of the suffrage movement, she spoke, wrote and campaigned with gusto. She also supported and encouraged her younger sisters to become involved."

Death and legacy.

In her obituary she was described as 'a pioneer in asserting the claims of women and their competence to participate in the administration of public affairs' and as'a pioneer in more humane treatment of the poor and in education and care of children.'

Agnes Husband (20 May 1852 – 30 April 1929) was one of Dundee's first female councillors and was a suffragette. She was awarded Freedom of the City at the age of 74 and has a plaque to her memory in the Dundee City Chambers and a portrait by Alec Grieve is in the McManus Galleries and Museum.

Agnes Husband (née le 20 mai 1852 – morte le 30 avril 1929) est une suffragette et femme politique écossaise. Elle est l'une des premières conseillères municipales de la ville de Dundee, qui lui rend hommage en lui dédiant une plaque commémorative dans la "" et en affichant un portrait de celle-ci aux "McManus Galleries and Museum".