Design.

Computer Modern is a 'Didone', or modern serif font, a genre that emerged in the late 18th century as a contrast to the more organic designs that preceded them. Didone fonts have high contrast between thick and thin elements, and their axis of "stress" or thickening is perfectly vertical. Computer Modern was specifically based on the 10 point size of the American Lanston Monotype Company's Modern Extended 8A, part of a family Monotype originally released in 1896. This was one of many modern faces issued by typefounders and Monotype around this period, and the standard style for body text printing in the late nineteenth century.  In creating the TeX publishing system, Knuth was influenced by the history of mathematics and a desire to achieve the "classic style" of books printed in metal type. Modern faces were used extensively for printing mathematics, especially before Times New Roman became popular for mathematics printing from the 1950s.  The most unusual characteristic of Computer Modern, however, is the fact that it is a complete type family designed with Knuth's Metafont system, one of the few typefaces developed in this way. The Computer Modern source files are governed by 62 distinct parameters, controlling the widths and heights of various elements, the presence of serifs or old-style numerals, whether dots such as the dot on the "i" are square or rounded, and the degree of "superness" in the bowls of lowercase letters such as "g" and "o". This allows Metafont designs to be processed in unusual ways; Knuth has shown effects such as morphing in demonstrations, where one font slowly transitions into another over the course of a text. While it attracted attention for the concept, Metafont has been used by few other font designers; by 1996 Knuth commented "asking an artist to become enough of a mathematician to understand how to write a font with 60 parameters is too much" while digital-period font designer Jonathan Hoefler commented in 2015 that "Knuth's idea that letters start with skeletal forms is flawed".

Derived versions.

Knuth produced his original Computer Modern fonts using Metafont, a program that reads stroke-based definitions of glyphs and outputs ready-to-use fonts as bitmap image files. He mostly left the font, as with other components of TeX, in the public domain, but made one request: that any derivative work based on Knuth's software not carry the same name, a request Knuth made to assure quality control. This stipulation is similar to the one found in the SIL Open Font License, and later derivatives of Computer Modern have been released under that license.  The advance of publishing technology (PostScript, PDF, laser printers) has reduced the need for bitmap fonts. The preferred formats are now outline fonts such as Type 1, TrueType, or OpenType, which can be rendered efficiently at arbitrary resolution and using sophisticated anti-aliasing techniques by printer firmware or on-screen document viewers. Therefore, several other projects have ported the Computer Modern fonts into such formats. Some of these projects have also complemented Computer Modern with  Several such derivatives are now also widely used and included in TeX Live, a modern TeX distribution.  A current extended release of the Computer Modern family in the general-purpose OpenType format is the CMU distribution (for Computer Modern Unicode):

BlueSky.

Computer Modern was first transformed to a PostScript Type 3 font format by BlueSky, Inc. in 1988, and then to Type 1 in 1992 to include font hinting. The Type 1 version has since then been donated to the American Mathematical Society (AMS) which distributes them freely under the Open Font License. It is found in most standard TeX distributions.

Latin Modern.

The Latin Modern implementation, maintained by Bogusław Jackowski and Janusz M. Nowacki, is now standard in the TeX community and was made through a Metafont/MetaPost derivative called METATYPE1. It was derived from the BlueSky Type 1 fonts, which were converted back into outline-based METATYPE1 programs, from which then the extended Type1 and OpenType Latin Modern fonts were developed. ConTeXt uses Latin Modern as default font, instead of Computer Modern  The Type1 to METATYPE1 to Type 1 roundtrip conversion process involved in the production of the Latin Modern fonts did try to preserve the hinting information of the BlueSky fonts; however it added rounding errors that do affect the quality of the hinting at low pixel sizes. As a result, on-screen display of the Latin Modern fonts can result in a less even display of kerning and character heights than is the case with the BlueSky fonts.  The same process was later extended to some free PostScript font clones under the umbrella project called TeX Gyre.  The Latin Modern font has also gained an OpenType math table.

Computer Modern is the original family of typefaces used by the typesetting program TeX. It was created by Donald Knuth with his Metafont program, and was most recently updated in 1992. Computer Modern, or variants of it, remains very widely used in scientific publishing, especially in disciplines that make frequent use of mathematical notation.

Les polices de caractères "Computer Modern" sont décrites en détail (incluant le code source) dans "Computer Modern Typefaces", volume E de la série "Computers and Typesetting".


Geography.

The lake is in the Berlin district of Treptow-Köpenick. The suburbs of Köpenick, Friedrichshagen, Rahnsdorf and a little section of Müggelheim border on the lake.  The lake itself is deep at its deepest point. At its south end are hills called the 'Müggelberge', which are high; they were formed during the Pleistocene (as a kettle hole, remaining at Weichselian glaciation). On the so-called 'Kleiner Müggelberg', the much-visited and popular 'Müggelturm' (a tower) was built, the first one in 1889 (destroyed in a fire in 1958), and the current one in 1960/61. The tower offers extensive views over the lake and the forests against the Berlin skyline.  The River Spree flows into the lake via the smaller Kleiner Müggelsee, which is only in area. The Friedrichshagen waterworks on the northern bank of the Müggelsee obtains most of its water from the lake. There are also numerous deep wells located near the banks, and are mainly fed by the bank filtrate and only to a small share by groundwater.

Etymology.

The first uses of the word component "Müggel" are, according to Gerhard Schlimpert in the "Codex diplomaticus Brandenburgensis", in 1394 as "den Tyns in der Miggel" and in 1487 as "von der Miggelseh". The etymology remains unclear. The traditional derivative from Common Slavonic "mogyla" = "grave, grave hill, earth hill" is rejected by Schlimpert as not durable. A pre-Slavonic, Germanic origin from a Proto-Indo-European root is more probable: "migh-", "mighla" = "fog, cloud": compare Dutch "miggelen" = "drizzle" belongs. Analyses say that the word component "heim" in the name was brought around 1750 by settlers from the Palatinate from their homeland Odernheim, according to Schlimpert.

Namesakes.

In December 2013, a lake on the Saturnian moon Titan was officially named after Lake Müggelsee by the International Astronomical Union. That "lake" is composed of liquid methane and ethane, and is located at 84°26N and 203°30W on Titan's globe.

The Müggelsee (), also known as the Großer Müggelsee, is a lake in the eastern suburbs of Berlin, the capital city of Germany. It is the largest of the Berlin lakes by area, with an area of, a length of and a breadth of.

Le Grand Müggelsee ("Großer Müggelsee") est le plus grand lac de la région de Berlin. Il est situé dans l'arrondissement de Treptow-Köpenick au sud-est de la capitale allemande.


Description.

"Shonisaurus" lived during the Carnian stage of the late Triassic period. "S. popularis" measured around long. A second species from British Columbia was named "Shonisaurus sikanniensis" in 2004. "S. sikanniensis" was one of the largest marine reptiles of all time, measuring. However, phylogenetic studies later showed "S. sikanniensis" to be a species of "Shastasaurus" rather than "Shonisaurus". A new study published in 2013 reasserted the original classification, finding it more closely related to "Shonisaurus" than to "Shastasaurus". Specimens belonging to "S. sikanniensis" have been found in the Pardonet Formation British Columbia, dating to the middle Norian age (about 210 million years ago).  "Shonisaurus" had a long snout, and its flippers were much longer and narrower than in other ichthyosaurs. While "Shonisaurus" was initially reported to have had socketed teeth (rather than teeth set in a groove as in more advanced forms), these were present only at the jaw tips, and only in the very smallest, juvenile specimens. All of these features suggest that "Shonisaurus" may be a relatively specialised offshoot of the main ichthyosaur evolutionary line. It was historically depicted with a rather rotund body, but studies of its body shape since the early 1990s have shown that the body was much more slender than traditionally thought. "S. popularis" had a relatively deep body compared with related marine reptiles.  "Shonisaurus" was also traditionally depicted with a dorsal fin, a feature found in more advanced ichthyosaurs. However, other shastasaurids likely lacked dorsal fins, and there is no evidence to support the presence of such a fin in "Shonisaurus". The upper fluke of the tail was probably also much less developed than flukes found in later species.

History.

Fossils of "Shonisaurus" were first found in a large deposit in Nevada in 1920. Thirty years later, they were excavated, uncovering the remains of 37 very large ichthyosaurs. These were named "Shonisaurus", which means "lizard from the Shoshone Mountains", after the formation where the fossils were found.  "S. popularis", was adopted as the state fossil of Nevada in 1984. Excavations, begun in 1954 under the direction of Charles Camp and Samuel Welles of the University of California, Berkeley, were continued by Camp throughout the 1960s. It was named by Charles Camp in 1976.  The Nevada fossil sites can currently be viewed at the Berlin-Ichthyosaur State Park.

Bonebed interpretation.

The Nevada bonebed represents a large assemblage of "Shonisaurus" which died at varying times and became preserved on the sea floor in a curiously regular arrangement of bones. The lack of fossil invertebrates encrusting the remains indicates that the carcasses sank in relatively deep water poor in oxygen.

Shonisaurus is a genus of ichthyosaur. At least 37 incomplete fossil specimens of the marine reptile have been found in the Luning Formation of Nevada, USA. This formation dates to the late Carnian age of the late Triassic period, about 237-227 million years ago.

Shonisaurus est un genre éteint d'ichthyosaures géants, des reptiles marins de la famille des Shastasauridaequi vivaient dans ce qui est aujourd'hui l'Amérique du Nord. Les deux espèces rattachées au genre, Shonisaurus popularis et Shonisaurus sikanniensis, ont été découvertes respectivement au Nevada (États-Unis) et en Colombie-Britannique (Canada). Elles ont vécu durant le Trias supérieur, au cours du Norien, il y a environ entre (millions d'années).


Life.

Verkolje was the son of Benjamin Jacobsz, a locksmith, and Maria Tonnes. He was baptized in the Nieuwezijds Kapel in Amsterdam on 9 February 1659.  The early artist biographer Arnold Houbraken recounts that Verkolje was a child prodigy, who became a self-taught artist after hurting himself while playing with darts as a child. As the injury on his heel or ankle did not heal well he was bedridden for years. To while away the time, he started to copy prints. The artist Jan Gerritsz van Bronckhorst gave him high-quality prints to copy. Thus started his artistic career according to Houbraken. Subsequently Jan studied for about half a year with Jan Andrea Lievens (1644–1680), the son of the prominent painter Jan Lievens. In 1672, the so-called rampjaar (disaster year), which was marked by a large-scale invasion of the Dutch Republic by French and other armies, Verkolje moved from Amsterdam to Delft. Here he married Judith Voorheul in October 1672. He became a member of the Guild of St. Luke of Delft in 1673 and served as its dean between 1678 and 1688. Verkolje was very successful and enjoyed the patronage of important patrons in Delft as well as the court in the Hague. As a portrait painter his only competitor in Delft was Cornelis de Man.  His sons Nikolaas Verkolje (Delft, 1673 – Amsterdam, 1746) and Jan II (Delft, 1683 – Amsterdam, 1755) were trained by Verkolje as painters. Nikolaas had a successful career. Verkolje's other pupils included Albertus van der Burch, Joan van der Spriet, Willem Verschuring, and Thomas van der Wilt. In addition to these pupils, Houbraken also mentions Henrik Steenwinkel.  Verkolje died in Delft in 1693 aged 43 when he was at the peak of his fame. He was buried in the Oude Kerk (Delft). He left a wife, three sons and two daughters.

Work.

General.

Verkolje was a versatile artist who worked as a painter, draughtsman and engraver. His subject matter was mainly portraits and genre scenes. He was also a gifted mezzotint artist, who according Houbraken, discovered the technique on his own.

Portrait painting.

Verkolje was a prolific portrait artist who created portrait paintings, drawings, and prints. In his portrait work Verkolje was representative of the style then current in The Hague and Amsterdam rather than that in vogue in Delft. Verkolje was much in demand as a portraitist and was able to fetch high prices for his portraits. His sitters were a who's who of Delft society of his time: the famous scientist Antonie van Leeuwenhoek (whom he portrayed on canvas and in mezzotint), the prominent lawyer and bailiff Johan de la Faille and his wife (both works are in the Wadsworth Atheneum), the vicar Cornelius van Aken, the painter Pieter Jansz van Asch, and the burgomaster and historian Dirk van Bleiswijk.  Verkolje also created portrait prints of international celebrities such as Hortense Mancini, Duchess of Mazarin, King James II of England, Willem III, Prince of Orange, and his wife, Mary Stuart. Of these celebrity subjects, only the Delft naturalist Antonie van Leeuwenhoek was portrayed by Verkolje in a painting (Rijksmuseum, Amsterdam) as well as in a print. His other portraits of famous persons were mezzotint engravings after the work of other artists, such as Peter Lely, Willem Wissing and Godfrey Kneller. Most of Verkolje's known portrait drawings were made as preparation for his paintings. These drawings focused either on particular facial features and expressions or on the whole composition.

Genre art.

At the time Verkolje was active in Delft, Gerard ter Borch was the leading genre painter working in the city. Ter Borch was known for his meticulous working method which resulted in a very low output. Like other genre painters such as Gabriel Metsu and Frans van Mieris, Verkolje took advantage of the limited supply of Ter Borch genre paintings in the market by creating works that imitated the style of, or took their inspiration from, ter Borch.  Verkolje's genre paintings typically depict elegant figures in interiors engaged in music making or the playing of games. Often the protagonists are couples engaged in courtship. A dog is always present. In (1674, the Mauritshuis) Verkolje reprises the theme of the delivery of a letter, which had been treated previously by other Delft artists such as Vermeer. "The Messenger" shows a young couple playing backgammon in an elegant room. They have been interrupted by a regimental messenger who has entered the room to deliver a letter likely calling the young man to duty. The young couple are clearly startled by the arrival of the messenger just as is the dog in the room. The openly emotional reaction of the participants in the scene contrasts with that of the persons in Vermeer's works when receiving letters. Vermeer's figures react in a more contemplative rather than an emotional manner. Verkolje also tended to add a greater naturalness to this figures than Vermeer. The portraits of Verkolje often doubled as genre pieces in their extensive detail and the addition of emblematic and symbolic elements. This is clear in the double (at Hoogsteder & Hoogsteder). The crossed trunks of the trees visible outside on the left and their intertwined crowns possible symbolise the commitment to each other of the sitters while the fountain is likely an allegory of the source of life or a reference to fertility.

Prints.

Jan Verkolje started engraving in 1670. The mezzotint work of Jan Verkolje shows the influence of the smoother tone developed by Abraham Blooteling. Various of his prints were made after portraits by Lely and Wissing and were printed in England even though Verkolje likely never visited England.  In addition to his portrait prints, Verkolje also produced prints of mythological scenes and genre scenes, some after Jacob Ochtervelt and Hendrick Terbrugghen. A well-known mezzotint work of Verkolje is the. It was made after a painting by Verkolje the whereabouts of which is now unknown. In the work Verkolje demonstrates his mastery of the mezzotint technique for which he was much admired in his time. He was able to render the textures of the fabrics in a very realistic manner and to visualise the softness of the clouds.

Jan Verkolje or Johannes Verkolje (Amsterdam, baptized on 9 February 1650 – Delft, buried on 8 May 1693) was a Dutch painter, draughtsman and engraver. He is mainly known for his portraits and genre pieces of elegant couples in interiors and, to a lesser extent, for his religious and mythological compositions. He was a gifted mezzotint artist. Trained in Amsterdam Verkolje spent his active professional career in Delft where he had access to powerful patrons.

Jan Verkolje ou Johannes Verkolje (, Amsterdam -, Delft) est un peintre et graveur néerlandais du siècle d'or. Il est connu pour ses peintures de portraits et de scènes de genre.


Life.

After completing her Matura, Isabel Karajan studied acting in Vienna and Paris. She had her first acting engagements with the playhouses in Zurich and Stuttgart, the Thalia theatre Hamburg, the theatre Der Kreis in Vienna and the Théâtre National de la Colline. From 1995 to 1998 Isabel Karajan played the part of the Good Works in Jedermann at the Salzburg Festival. She also performed in Avignon and Adelaide, Australia, as well as at the Teatro Colón in Buenos Aires, the Schauspielhaus Stuttgart, the Münchner Kammerspiele and at the Schaubühne in Berlin. In 2000, she appeared in "Jeanne d'Arc au bûcher" by Arthur Honegger at the Saito-Kinen Festival in Japan. It's the extraordinary projects that are close to Isabel Karajan's heart. She has been developing her own projects for solo theatrical performances, chamber music or large orchestra with directors such as Klaus Ortner, Jorge Lavelli, Julian Pölsler, Christina Pfrötschner and others for several years. At the Shostakovich Days in Gohrisch, the Salzburg Easter Festival, the Diaghilev Festival of Currentzis in Perm, the Soli Deo Gloria Festival in Goslar and the Kfar Blum Festival in Israel, she presented "Miss Death meets Mr. Shostakovich ", a scenic collage on fear with chamber music by Shostakovich and texts by his contemporaries. Together with members of the Berliner Philharmoniker and the Bamberg Symphony Orchestra, she appeared on stage in Stravinsky's "The Story of the Soldier" and also played "Eight Songs for a Mad King" by Peter Maxwell Davies. At the Saito-Kinen Festival in Japan, she appeared as "Jeanne d`Arc au bûcher" by Arthur Honegger. In 2015, under the direction of Julian Pölsler, "Die Feuerprobe" with poems by Christine Lavant and Op. 40 by Shostakovich. Furthermore, Isabel Karajan, in collaboration with the director Christina Pfrötschner, created a word music collage for the Midsummer Night's Dream.  In 2016, Isabel Karajan starred in Bernstein's "Candide" with the Hamburg Symphony Orchestra under the direction of Jeffrey Tate. This was followed in 2017 by Edgar A. Poe's "The Mask of the Red Death" at the Swiss Alp Classic Festival in Andermatt with Clemens Hellsberg and members of the Vienna Philharmonic. In the summer of 2018 she performed with the composer Beat Furrer at the Salzburg Festival with an interpretation of the "Wüstenbuch" fragment by Ingeborg Bachmann. As leading actress she was involved in the development and successful premiere of the opera "Stillhang" by Christian Spitzenstätter in December 2018 under the direction of Klaus Ortner. Shakespeare's "Midsummer Night's Dream" in the version by F. Mendelssohn Bartholdy described her from the point of view of an orchestra violist together with the Staatskapelle Dresden and the conductor Vladimir Jurowski in three concert evenings in the Semper Oper Dresden in 2019.  For several years, Isabel Karajan collaborated with directors Klaus Ortner, Julian Pölsler and Christina Pfrötschner on their own musical theater projects. She was also in numerous film and television productions by Wolfgang Murnberger, Holger Barthel, Nina Companéez, Alain Michel Blanc, Erhard Riedlsperger, Michi Riebl, Rupert Henning and Patricia Mazuy.

Isabel Karajan (born 25 June 1960 in Vienna) is an Austrian actress. She is the daughter of Herbert von Karajan and Eliette von Karajan.

Isabel Karajan (née le à Vienne), est une actrice autrichienne, fille d'Herbert von Karajan et Eliette von Karajan. Elle est aussi la sœur aînée de la musicienne Arabel Karajan.


Geography.

Indre Wijdefjorden National Park covers, of which is on land and is sea, making it the smallest national park in Svalbard. It is located in the steep fjord landscape on both sides of the inner ("Indre") parts of Wijdefjorden ("The Wide Fjord") on Spitsbergen. At length, Wijdefjorden is the longest fjord on Svalbard. It is located on the northern coast of Spitsbergen, between Andrée Land to the west, Dickson Land to the south and Ny-Friesland to the east. The inner parts of Wijdefjorden split into two, with the eastern, long part known as Austfjorden ("The East Fjord"), and the shorter as Vestfjorden ("The West Fjord"). At the end of Austfjorden is the glacier Mittag-Lefflerbreen.  The inner parts of the fjord receive some of the lowest precipitation of the archipelago. Combined with the exposed basic earth, this results in Europe's only High Arctic steppe. The only other area with this landscape is the north of the Canadian Arctic Archipelago. The rock bed on each side of the fjord is different. On the west side there are Devonian deposits, while there is bedrock on the east side, resulting in different vegetation on each side. The fjord has a unique shape; it has a wide mouth (thus the name), but at Elvetangen there is a shallow section which is deep. This reduces the circulation in the inner parts of the fjord, which have a cold-water basin deep.  Average July temperatures range from, and in January temperatures are normally between. The Arctic climate results in permafrost, which can be up to deep. The North Atlantic Current moderates Svalbard's temperatures, particularly during winter, giving it up to higher winter temperature than similar latitudes in continental Russia and Canada, keeping the surrounding waters open and navigable most of the year. The shelter of the mountains gives the inland fjord areas less temperature difference than the coast.

History.

The area around Wijdefjorden was first used by Russian, and later Norwegian, trappers. The cabin at Krosspynten was erected in 1910, and two years later the cabin at Purpurdalen was built. Trappers considered the area to have few polar bears but much fox; they could also supplement the catch with common eider. In 1928, a season of trapping gave about 50 Arctic foxes. In 1932, the area's special vegetation was protected, which was assimilated into the national park when it was created. Since the 1980s, trapping has again been taken up, and the Governor of Svalbard has one cabin at Austfjordnes that can be rented for a season of trapping. Of the larger fjords on Svalbard, Wijdefjorden is the least affected by humans.  During the considerations prior to the establishment of the national park, there was a conflict with the mining industry. Svalbard Minerals had found baryte within the national park borders, and Arktikugol holds two mining claim areas just south of the national park. The national park was established on 9 September 2005. It completed a several-year-long plan to increase the amount of protected areas of Svalbard from 55% to 65%, which had two years earlier resulted in Nordenskiöld Land National Park, Sassen – Bünsow Land National Park and Nordre Isfjorden National Park.

Management.

The establishment of the national park and the protection is based on the "Svalbard Environmental Protection Act", which takes its mandate from the requirements in the Svalbard Treaty to protect the environment of the archipelago. The overall responsibility for protection lies with the Norwegian Ministry of the Environment, which has delegated management to the Norwegian Directorate for Nature Management and the Governor of Svalbard. The latter performs all day-to-day practical management, including registration and inspection. In aspects related to cultural heritage, the Governor reports to the Norwegian Directorate for Cultural Heritage, and in issues relating to pollution, to the Norwegian Pollution Control Authority. While it has no authority, the Norwegian Polar Institute performs monitoring, mapping and research.  Traditionally, the mining industry in Svalbard has had more rights to operations within protected areas than in mainland Norway, where all such activities would be completely banned. Indre Wijdefjorden has the most strict regulations, with a total ban on construction of buildings and facilities, laying of cables and roads, earthwork, drainage, drilling, blasting, and excavation of petroleum, gas and minerals. It is the authorities' goal that Svalbard is to be one of the best-managed wilderness areas in the world. Svalbard, and thus the national park, is on Norway's tentative list for nomination as a UNESCO World Heritage Site.

Nature.

The vegetation on both sides of the fjord is High Arctic steppe, which is characterized by grasses. It is caused by extremely low precipitation, basic earth with salt deposits in the surface, and large areas of exposed mineral earth. The area around the fjord has a unique vegetation, which has not preserved in other areas of Svalbard. Along with vegetation found on nesting cliffs, it is the most exclusive flora in Svalbard. There are several unique species in the national park, including, which is featured in the national park's logo and for which Svalbard is the only known location in Europe, "Puccinellia svalbardensis", "Gentianella tenella" and "Kobresia simpliciuscula". There is breeding ground for pink-footed goose within the park, although Svalbard ptarmigan can also be found. Animals that can be found in the park include polar bear, Svalbard reindeer and Arctic fox.  Both fauna and flora are affected by the cold temperatures and the extreme light conditions. Activity is at a stand-still during the polar night, which lasts for many months. During the summer, months of midnight sun help accelerate the natural processes. The nature in the area is especially susceptible to global warming. Models show that the winter temperatures will increase more than the summer temperatures, resulting in more precipitation. Because the vegetation requires little rain and much wind, this may result in major changes.

Recreation.

Entrance to national park is available by boat in Wijdefjorden from the north, or over land from Billefjorden and Dicksonfjorden from the south. During winter, the area is accessible from Longyearbyen, either by snowmobile or by ski. There are several older trapper cabins in the park, and some of these are lent to residents of Longyearbyen. Except for Einsteinvatnet, a lake with Arctic char, there are few destinations within the park, although the park can be used as a basis for other destinations. This includes trips to Perriertoppen, Svalbard's second-highest peak, and the glacier Åsgårdsfonna. Because of the shape of the park, there is little good hiking within the park, except for walking along the beaches on either side of the fjord. It is possible to see the entire national park from Mittag-Lefflerbreen, which can be hiked to from Pyramiden.  The freedom to roam is strong in Norwegian culture and law, and also applies to Svalbard. However, there more restrictions on the archipelago. The freedom includes the right to tent, but this must be done at least from any cultural monuments. As far as possible, tenting must occur on vegetation-free land. Tenting for more than one week at a site requires a permit from the Governor. Beaches have large amounts of driftwood from Siberia, which can be used for campfires with the same location restrictions as tenting.  As in all Norwegian national parks, motorized land transport is banned. However, on Svalbard this does not include snowmobiles. On the other hand, cycling is banned. The Governor can, however, enforce temporary bans on snowmobiles or even all travel within the national park. Use of helicopters and aircraft for sight-seeing are also prohibited. Polar bears are protected, but anyone outside of settlements is required to carry a rifle to kill polar bears in self-defense, as a last resort, should they attack. Most flora and fauna are protected; the right to gather established with the freedom to roam does not apply in national parks, although there are some exceptions. Hunting is permitted after explicit permit from the Governor, and locals have more access to hunting rights than tourists. Fishing is not permitted, although dispensations can be given.  All tourists traveling to Svalbard must pay a tourist tax of 150 Norwegian krone, which is entirely used for conservation. The tax is included in all ship and air tickets to the archipelago, which residents can get refunded. Everyone roaming outside of the settlements must report to the Governor. This includes the requirement to sign a special insurance policy to cover any search and rescue costs the Governor would incur, should it be necessary.

Indre Wijdefjorden National Park () is located in a steep fjord landscape in northern Spitsbergen in Svalbard, Norway. It covers the inner part of Wijdefjorden—the longest fjord on Svalbard. The national park was established on 9 September 2005 and covers, of which is on land and is sea. The marine environment changes vastly from the mouth of the fjord, through a still, cold, water basin, becoming deeper before reaching the glacier Mittag-Lefflerbreen at the inner-most sections of the fjord.

Le parc national d'Indre Wijdefjorden () est un parc national de l'archipel du Svalbard, dans le centre-nord de l'île du Spitzberg, en Norvège.


Location and Layout.

Kraku Lu Jordan is located on the southern slope of a hill, where on the slope a metallurgical plant is set with an internal arrangement for its purpose of processing ore, copper and iron. It was a fortified establishment that to the east side had a wall that is 2 m of width, in contrast to the northern side, which is extremely rugged and inaccessible, where the wall is slightly narrower. The gate was located in the lower part. On the northwestern side remains of a tower has been discovered which had the function of one of the metallurgical facilities. Slope on which the building is located was divided into several longitudinal walls horizons. The work of Bartel, Kondić, and Werner revealed a number of areas with metallurgical furnaces, facilities for the preparation of ember as well as other areas of personal life needs of metallurgists and miners. The site contains six main features: the northern wall, the western furnace room, the southern ‘utility’ room, the southern furnace room, the southern stairway, and the southern ‘office’ room.

Remains.

Of material culture, tools, mining lamps, large vessels for burning ore, watermill wheels and more have been found. In the years 1973-76, ceramics found consisted of 37 Early Bronze Age sherds and 6,215 Roman Era sherds. Of the Roman era pottery, 95% was local, one piece was truly Roman, and 5% probably came from neighboring Pannonia. Most of the ceramics are simply decorated and some were coated in yellow-white powder which indicates they contained chemicals for metallurgy. 200 metal artifacts were found, most iron and utilitarian in nature. Other objects include glass, lithics, and animals bones. Bartel, Kondić, and Werner concluded that the complex was relatively independent of Roman influence and more related to the activities of indigenous people in the area, because of the style and volume of material culture.

Kraku Lu Jordan (, Romanian: Cracul lui Iordan) is archeological site in Serbia. It is situated at the confluence of the Brodica river into Pek, near Kučevo. Represents the most explored metallurgical center in eastern Serbia. The metallurgic occupation of the site lasted for about 100 years, beginning around 280 AD and ending in 380 AD. Kraku Lu Jordan is precisely dated by discovered coins from Diocletian time. This metallurgical complex was then destroyed in a fire in the late 4th century. Archaeological excavations began in 1971, and with few interruptions, lasted until 1987.

Kraku Lu Jordan (en serbe cyrillique : ; en roumain : ) est un site archéologique de Serbie. Il est situé à la confluence de la rivière Brodica et du Pek, près de la ville de Kučevo. Il représente le site métallurgique le mieux exploré de l'est de la Serbie ; il a été occupé pendant une centaine d'années, de 280 à 380. Sa datation a été permise par la découverte de pièces de monnaie datant de l'époque de Dioclétien. Ce complexe métallurgique a été détruit par un incendie à la fin du. Les fouilles ont été entreprises en 1971 et ont duré jusqu'en 1987. En raison de son importance, Kraku Lu Jordan a été inscrit sur la liste des sites archéologiques d'importance exceptionnelle de la République de Serbie.


Career.

Versatility and speed are his biggest strengths, as Harris has the ability to play all three outfield positions as well as second base, where he started 28 games in 2005. He started two games at shortstop in 2005. He can also play third base. His most productive season came in, when he posted career-numbers in average (.262), RBI (27), runs (68), hits (107), doubles (15) and at-bats (409). Harris also notched a career high of 19 stolen bases. In 2005, he stole 10 bases in 56 games.  In the 2005 playoffs, Harris went 2-for-2 in the postseason with an RBI, one stolen base, and one run scored. Harris' successful pinch-hit single in Game 4 of the 2005 World Series against the Houston Astros would prove to be decisive after Harris scored on an RBI single by Jermaine Dye. Not only was the run the game-winner, it was the only run which would be scored in the Series-clinching Game 4.

2006.

The Boston Red Sox signed Harris to a one-year, split contract. He went to spring training camp as a non-roster invitee, but he was figured to have a strong chance to make the Opening Day roster. On April 20, Harris had his contract purchased by the Boston Red Sox and was added to the 40-man roster. Harris was designated for assignment on July 18. Three days later, he cleared waivers and was assigned to the Pawtucket Red Sox.

2007.

The Atlanta Braves and Oakland Athletics completed a trade on April 29, as the Braves sent outfielder Ryan Langerhans to the A's in exchange for a player to be named later or cash considerations. To fill Langerhans' spot, Atlanta purchased the contract of Harris from Triple-A Richmond.  Harris went on to have a career year in 2007. He hit near.400 during the month of May and went into the All-Star Break with a.4005 average. He led the team with 17 stolen bases. On June 30, Willie Harris tied a career personal record with 3 stolen bases in a 6-5 win over the Marlins. He posted a remarkable night on July 21: In a 14-6 rout of the St. Louis Cardinals, Harris went 6-for-6 with four singles, two triples, six RBI, four runs scored, and a stolen base. He became just the second player in Atlanta history and the seventh in franchise history to have six hits in a game. But Harris' numbers in the second half of the season dropped precipitously. He had a.214 average, a.294 on-base percentage, and a.354 slugging average after the all-star break.  On August 9, the Braves were beating the NL East-leading New York Mets 7-3 entering the bottom of the 9th at Shea Stadium. After Braves reliever Tyler Yates yielded three runs to bring the Mets within one, Óscar Villarreal came on to pitch. The first hitter he faced, first baseman Carlos Delgado, hit what appeared to be a solo home run to make it a tie game. Harris ranged back in left field, stopped just before the wall and jumped, robbing the home run and preserving the lead.  Harris was designated for assignment on December 4, 2007. Harris was not offered a new contract by the Braves and became a free agent on December 12, 2007.

2008–2009.

On December 13, 2007, he signed with the Washington Nationals. He proved an effective insurance policy, playing second base, third base, shortstop and all three outfield positions over the course of the season. He was known for playing stellar defense, and made several outstanding athletic catches in the outfield. On August 22,, Willie hit his eleventh and twelfth home runs of the year, including his first career grand slam that gave the Nationals a 6-4 lead. He also hit a 2-run home run, collected 6 RBI to give him 38 for the season, scored 3 times, and stole a base in the Nationals' 13 to 5 win against the Chicago Cubs at Wrigley Field. Harris finished the season with 13 home runs, six more than he hit in the previous seven years of his career combined.  During the 2008–2009 offseason, he signed a two-year contract with the Nationals, worth 3 million dollars (1.5 million per season). On April 13, 2009, Willie Harris was placed on the 15-day disabled list for a left oblique strain.

2010.

On September 24, 2010, Harris hit the first inside-the-park home run in Nationals history against the Atlanta Braves.

2011.

On January 14, 2011, Harris and the New York Mets agreed to a minor-league deal. According to reporter Anthony DiComo, Harris "is all but a lock to make the team in an arrangement that should net him between 250 and 400 plate appearances" in 2011. On January 17, 2011 the Mets and Harris made it official that he had signed a minor league contract with the team. He also got an invite to Spring training.  He played in 126 games for the Mets at all three outfield positions as well as second and third base. He had a.351 On Base Percentage and an OPS+ of 88.

2012.

On January 23, 2012, Harris signed with the Cincinnati Reds. On June 26, 2012, Willie Harris was outrighted to Triple A. Harris was hitting at a.114 clip, with a.170 OBP, 2 RBI, 0 home runs in 44 at-bats before being sent down.

Coaching Career.

Harris was named as the Manager of the Richmond Flying Squirrels in the San Francisco Giants organization for the 2018 season.

William Charles Harris (born June 22, 1978) is an American former Major League Baseball outfielder and second baseman with the Baltimore Orioles, Chicago White Sox, Boston Red Sox, Atlanta Braves, Washington Nationals, New York Mets and the Cincinnati Reds between 2001 and 2012. With the White Sox, he won the 2005 World Series against the Houston Astros. He batted left-handed and threw right-handed. He attended Kennesaw State University and lives in Cairo, Georgia during the off-season. He is the nephew of former third baseman and shortstop for the Milwaukee Brewers and San Francisco Giants, Ernest Riles.

William Charles Harris (né le à Cairo en Géorgie, États-Unis) est un joueur de champ extérieur des Ligues majeures de baseball évoluant pour les Reds de Cincinnati.


Composition history.

Conceiving originally "Don Quichotte" to be a three-act opera, Massenet started to compose it in 1909 at a time when, suffering from acute rheumatic pains, he spent more of his time in bed than out of it, and composition of "Don Quichotte" became, in his words, a sort of "soothing balm". In order to concentrate on that new work, he interrupted composition of another opera "Bacchus". Despite its five acts, there is under two hours of music in the opera. Massenet identified personally with his comic-heroic protagonist, as he was in love with Lucy Arbell who sang Dulcinée at the first performance. He was then 67 and died just two years later. The role of Don Quichotte was one of the most notable achievements of the Russian bass Feodor Chaliapin, for whom the role was specifically conceived. The opera was one of six commissioned from Massenet by Raoul Gunsbourg for the Opéra de Monte-Carlo.

Performance history.

"Don Quichotte" was premiered in Monte Carlo on 19 February 1910, followed by stagings in Brussels, Marseille and Paris, all in 1910. In 1912 it was presented at the French Opera House in New Orleans (27 January), and the London Opera House (17 May). On 15 November 1913 the work was presented in Philadelphia. The Chicago premiere of the work (by the Chicago Grand Opera Company) took place at the Auditorium Theatre on 27 January 1914 and featured Vanni Marcoux and Mary Garden in the lead roles. Marcoux reprised the title role in Chicago with Coe Glade during the inaugural season of the Chicago Civic Opera House in December 1929. "Don Quichotte" received its premiere in Budapest in 1917, and the Opéra-Comique in Paris presented it in 1924 with Marcoux in the title role, Arbell and Fugère; Chaliapin sang it there in 1934. The Metropolitan Opera in New York City performed it nine times in 1926, but after devastating reviews of those performances in particular, and criticisms of Massenet's music in general by Lawrence Gilman in the "Herald Tribune", the opera has never been revived at the Met. It was performed by the Opera Company of Boston (staged and conducted by Sarah Caldwell) in 1974 (with Noel Tyl, Donald Gramm, and Mignon Dunn), and the New York City Opera in 1986.  Besides frequent and periodic revivals at Monte Carlo and in France, it was also shown with great success in Italy (Catania in 1928, Turin in 1933 (Teatro Regio), Bologna in 1952, Venice in 1982, Florence in 1992). The Polish premiere was at the Kraków Opera in 1962, and Baltic State Opera premiere was in 1969. Nicolai Ghiaurov sang the title role to great acclaim at Lyric Opera of Chicago in 1974 and again in 1981, and Lyric Opera mounted the work again in 1993 with Samuel Ramey, Jean-Philippe Lafont and Susanne Mentzer. The first revival in Britain since 1912 was given by English National Opera in October 1994, with Richard Van Allan as Quixote. The production was presented again in 1996.  More recently, it was staged in Paris in 2000 (with Samuel Ramey in the title role), in San Diego in 2009 starring Ferruccio Furlanetto and Denyce Graves, in 2010 in Brussels with José van Dam and in Palermo with Ferruccio Furlanetto and Arutjun Kotchinian. The opera was performed at the Seattle Opera in February/March 2011 with John Relyea in the title role.}} In 2012 the Mariinsky Theatre of St Petersburg staged a new production, also featuring Furlanetto. The Lyric Opera of Chicago mounted a newly-staged production in 2016 with sets and costumes from the San Diego production., and the work was also staged by Opera Australia in Sydney in March 2018.

Synopsis.

Act 1.

"A square in front of Dulcinée's house"  A festival is being celebrated. Four hopeful admirers of Dulcinée serenade her from the street. Dulcinée appears and explains philosophically that being adored is not enough, 'Quand la femme a vingt ans' ('When a woman is twenty'). She withdraws and a crowd, largely of beggars, acclaim the arrival of the eccentric knight Don Quichotte (riding on his horse Rossinante) and his comic squire Sancho Panza (on a donkey). Delighted by their attention, Don Quichotte tells a reluctant Sancho to throw them money. After the crowd disperse, Don Quichotte himself serenades Dulcinée, 'Quand apparaissent les étoiles' ('When the stars begin to shine') but he is stopped by Juan, a jealous admirer of the local beauty. A sword fight follows, interrupted by Dulcinée herself. She is charmed by Don Quichotte's antique attentions, chides Juan for his jealousy and sends him away. The old man offers her his devotion and a castle. She suggests instead that he might retrieve a pearl necklace of hers stolen by Ténébrun, the bandit chief. He undertakes to do so, and Dulcinée quickly rejoins her men friends.

Act 2.

"In the countryside"  A misty morning, Don Quichotte and Sancho enter with Rossinante and the donkey. Don Quichotte is composing a love poem. Sancho delivers a grand tirade against their expedition, against Dulcinée, and against women in general. 'Comment peut-on penser du bien de ces coquines' ('How can anyone think anything good of those hussies'). The mists disperse revealing a line of windmills that Don Quichotte takes for a group of giants. To Sancho's horror, Don Quichotte attacks the first one, only to be caught up in one of the sails and hoisted up in the air.

Act 3.

"In the mountains"  Dusk, Don Quichotte believes they are getting close to the bandits. Sancho goes to sleep while Don Quichotte stands guard. The bandits suddenly appear and after a brief fight take the knight prisoner. Sancho escapes. Surprised by the defiance of the old man, the bandits give him a beating and intend to kill him, however Don Quichotte's prayer 'Seigneur, reçois mon âme, elle n'est pas méchante' ('Lord receive my soul, it is not evil') moves Ténébrun, the bandit chief, to mercy. Don Quichotte explains his mission 'Je suis le chevalier errant' ('I am the Knight-errant'), and the necklace is returned to him. The bandits ask for the blessing of the noble knight before he leaves.

Act 4.

"The garden of Dulcinée's House"  Music and dancing, a party is in progress, but Dulcinée is melancholy, 'Lorsque le temps d'amour a fui' ('When the time of love has gone'). Rousing herself, she snatches a guitar and sings 'Ne pensons qu'au plaisir d'aimer' ('Think just of the pleasures of love'). All retire to dinner. Sancho and Don Quichotte arrive. While waiting for Dulcinée, Sancho asks for his reward to which Don Quichotte responds with vague promises of an island, a castle, riches. Dulcinée and her party greet the knight and he returns the necklace to universal acclaim. However, when he asks her to marry him he is greeted with hysterical laughter. Taking pity, Dulcinée tells the others to leave, apologizes 'Oui, je souffre votre tristesse, et j'ai vraiment chagrin à vous désemparer' ('I share your sorrow and am truly sorry') but explains that her destiny, her way of life, is different from his. She kisses him on the forehead and leaves. But the company return to make fun of the old man. Sancho vigorously upbraids them, 'Riez, allez, riez du pauvre idéologue' ('Laugh, laugh at this poor idealist') and takes his master away.

Act 5.

"A mountain pass in an ancient forest"  A clear starry night, Don Quichotte is dying. He remembers once promising Sancho an island as his reward, and offers him an isle of dreams, 'Prends cette île' ('Take that isle'). Nearing death, Don Quichotte looks up at a star shining brightly above and hears the voice of Dulcinée calling him to another world. Then he collapses as Sancho weeps over his body.

Don Quichotte ("Don Quixote") is an opera in five acts by Jules Massenet to a French libretto by Henri Caïn. It was first performed on 19 February 1910 at the Opéra de Monte-Carlo.

Don Quichotte (en espagnol Don Quijote) est un opéra (« comédie héroïque ») en cinq actes de Jules Massenet, sur un livret en français d'Henri Cain, créé à l'Opéra de Monte-Carlo le.


Plot summary.

Nicolas Treml de La Tremlays is a pro-independence Breton lord. He decides to go and fight in duel with Philippe II, Duke of Orléans: if he wins Brittany will be free, but if he loses he will be sentenced for crime of lèse-majesté. Before he leaves Brittany, he makes an agreement with his cousin Hervé de Vaunoy so that his grandson Georges Treml will not be deprived of his possession.  But Georges is just a five-year-old child and Nicolas is put in the Bastille with his servant Jude Leker. In Brittany Hervé tries to drown the boy but an albino peasant called Jean Blanc rescues him. Georges disappears however.  About twenty years later in 1740, the Breton forest of Rennes has become the "Wolves"'den: the Wolves are poor peasants who want to take revenge of the lords who oppress them. Their leader is called the White Wolf. A young officer of the King, Captain Didier, is sent out to bring them to heel.

Translations.

The novel was translated in English. The title changed each time: in 1848, "The White Wolf" was published. In 1852 it was untitled "The White Wolf, or, The Secret Brotherhood: a romance". In 1861 it was translated again as "The White Wolf of Brittany".

Adaptations.

"Le Loup blanc" was adapted for French television in 1977 by Jean-Pierre Decourt. Jacques Rosny played the part of Jean Blanc, Jacques Weber played the part of Didier and Claude Giraud played the part of Hervé de Vaunoy.  The novel was translated in Breton by Ernest ar Barzhig in 1977.

Le Loup blanc ("The White Wolf") is a French historical novel by Paul Féval, père, first published in France in 1843.

Le Loup blanc est un roman d'aventures de Paul Féval, paru en 1843. L'histoire se déroule en Bretagne, dans la forêt de Rennes. Les premiers chapitres se passent en 1719 et la suite du roman en 1740. On y croise un personnage historique, le Régent Philippe d'Orléans.


History.

Port Hamilton was surveyed in 1845 by British naval officer Sir Edward Belcher in HMS "Samarang" and was named after the then secretary of the Admiralty, Captain W. A. B. Hamilton. The spacious harbour was also noted for its strategic importance by others, such as Russian Vice-Admiral Yevfimy Putyatin, who visited the islands several times and obtained permission from natives in 1857 to establish a coal depot, though due to delays in the delivery of the coal, the plan was abandoned. Although the United States Secretary of the Navy "in 1884 urged the establishment of a naval station at Port Hamilton, off the southern Korean coast, and although it appears that such facilities were offered by the Korean government, nothing was done."  In April 1885, Port Hamilton was occupied by three ships of the British Royal Navy on orders from the Admiralty in what is known as the Port Hamilton Incident. This was to forestall Russian advances in the face of the Panjdeh Incident in Afghanistan. Port Hamilton served as a counterbalance to the Russian naval base at Vladivostok. By occupying Port Hamilton, the British could prevent Russian advances in east Asia, and block Russian naval activity in the Korea Strait. The British built a few buildings and defensive works and introduced pheasants to the islands. Permission was obtained from China for a cable to be landed at Saddle Island (at the mouth of the Yangtze River). From there, the cable could be connected to the main telegraphic network at Shanghai, thus enabling telegraph communication with Port Hamilton.  After the Russian threat had diminished the British demolished the base and left on 27 February 1887, though they continued to frequent the islands, in one case burying a young sailor there. The visits were less frequent after 1910, when the Japanese Empire annexed Korea.  Until the end of World War II, a Japanese graveyard stood in Port Hamilton. When Japanese claims to the islands were specifically renounced in the Treaty of San Francisco, the Japanese graves were removed, but the British graveyard of ten British soldiers remains up to this day and has become a tourist attraction. Personnel of the British embassy in Korea have not visited the British cemetery since 1982, the year when John Morgan, the British ambassador at the time, visited the cemetery.  Ten British sailors and marines are buried on the islands including two sailors from HMS "Albatross" who were killed in March 1886 when their gun exploded, and a young sailor, Alex Wood from HMS "Albion", who died in 1903.

Port Hamilton or Komundo, officially Geomun-do in Korean (Hangul: 거문도 ["Geomun-do"], Hanja: 巨文島 or 巨門島) is a small group of islands in the Jeju Strait off the southern coast of the Korean Peninsula, located approximately at. The islands are 12 square kilometres. There are three principal islands, the two larger ones, Sodo to the west ("Seo-do", 서도, 西島) and Sunhodo to the east ("Dong-do", 동도, 東島) forming a harbor with the smaller island in the center. On this central island, Observatory Island (or "Go-do", 고도, 古島), there was a British naval base from 1885 to 1887.

Geomundo () est un archipel coréen situé au détroit de Corée, ancienne base navale anglaise sous le nom de Port Hamilton.


Game summaries.

Game 1.

Tuesday, October 11, 2005 at U.S. Cellular Field in Chicago, Illinois In the series opener, the Los Angeles Angels of Anaheim won 3–2 in their third game in as many nights and as many cities. The Angels took the lead in the second inning on a Garret Anderson leadoff home run. Next inning, Steve Finley and Adam Kennedy hit back-to-back leadoff singles and advanced one base each on Chone Figgins's sacrifice bunt. Orlando Cabrera's single and Vladimir Guerrero's groundout scored a run each. White Sox starter José Contreras allowed no more runs, going innings. In the bottom of the inning, Joe Crede's home run off of Paul Byrd put the Sox on the board. Next inning, Chicago's Carl Everett singled with one out, moved to second on a groundout, and scored on A. J. Pierzynski's single to make it a one-run game. However, neither team would score for the rest of the game. It was the first time in six tries that the Angels won a Game 1 under manager Mike Scioscia, despite having won the World Series in 2002. This turned out to be the only game the White Sox would lose in the entire postseason.

Game 2.

Wednesday, October 12, 2005 at U.S. Cellular Field in Chicago, Illinois Then-Senator and future President of the United States Barack Obama threw out the ceremonial first pitch. Behind a complete game from Mark Buehrle and a now infamous strikeout in the bottom of the ninth, the White Sox evened the series at a game apiece. In the bottom of the first, Scott Podsednik reached second on an error, moved to third on a sacrifice bunt, and scored on Jermaine Dye's ground out. Jarrod Washburn and two relievers held the Sox scoreless over the next seven innings while Robb Quinlan's fifth inning home run tied the game. It remained tied until the bottom of the ninth. With two strikes, A. J. Pierzynski swung and missed at a low pitch from Angels pitcher Kelvim Escobar for strike three. Josh Paul, the Angels catcher, rolled the ball to the mound and left the infield. Pierzynski realized strike three had been called, so he ran to first base in case the umpire ruled that the catcher had not legally caught the strike-three pitch (see Uncaught third strike rule). In a controversial call, home-plate umpire Doug Eddings ruled that the ball hit the ground before going into the catcher's glove despite signalling out, so the pitch was considered uncaught and Pierzynski was safe at first. A pinch-runner, Pablo Ozuna, stole second base. Third baseman Joe Crede delivered a base hit three pitches later, scoring Ozuna for the winning run.

Game 3.

Friday, October 14, 2005 at Angel Stadium of Anaheim in Anaheim, California Chicago jumped to a 3−0 lead in the first inning off of John Lackey as the series moved west to Anaheim. Scott Podsednik hit a leadoff single, moved to second on a sacrifice bunt and came home on Jermaine Dye's single before Paul Konerko's two-run home run capped the scoring. Tadahito Iguchi singled to lead off the third, moved to second on a walk, and scored on Carl Everett's single. Two innings later, Iguchi doubled with one out and scored on Konerko's two-out single to put Chicago up 5−0. A two-run home run by Orlando Cabrera in the sixth cut the lead to 5−2, but it would not be enough as the White Sox took the series lead, two games to one, with Jon Garland pitching a complete game.

Game 4.

Saturday, October 15, 2005 at Angel Stadium of Anaheim in Anaheim, California The visitors again jumped to a 3−0 lead in the first. Angel starter Ervin Santana walked Scott Podsednik and hit Tadahito Iguchi before Paul Konerko, after a disputed check swing on a 2–2 pitch, homered for the second straight game. The Angels cut it to 3−1 in the second when Darin Erstad walked with one out, moved to third on Casey Kotchman's single and White Sox pitcher Freddy Garcia's throwing error to first, then scored on Bengie Molina's single. With men on first and third, Steve Finley hit a ground ball to second for an inning-ending double play, but argued that Sox catcher A. J. Pierzynski had interfered with his swing. Chicago got that run back when Jermaine Dye reached on shortstop Orlando Cabrera's throwing error to first, stole second, and scored on Carl Everett's base hit. Pierzynski's home run next inning made it 5−1. In the bottom of the inning, Angel Garret Anderson singled with one out and scored on Coachman's two-out double, but in the fifth, Podsednik drew a leadoff walk and after Scot Shields relieved Santana, stole second and scored on Everett's single. Esteban Yan walked Everett to lead off the eighth, allowed a subsequent double to Aaron Rowand followed by Joe Crede's two-run single to put the Sox up 8−2. García pitched the White Sox's third straight complete game, helping put them one win from their first World Series visit since 1959.

Game 5.

Sunday, October 16, 2005 at Angel Stadium of Anaheim in Anaheim, California Still on the road, Chicago struck first in Game 5 when Aaron Rowand hit a leadoff ground-rule double in the third off of Paul Byrd, moved to third on a sacrifice bunt, then scored on Joe Crede's sacrifice fly. But the Angels tied it in the third when Juan Rivera hit a leadoff double, moved to third on pitcher Jose Contreras's pickoff attempt error, and scored on Adam Kennedy's single. In the top of the fifth, Juan Uribe doubled and scored on Jermaine Dye's single, but in the bottom of the inning, Kennedy hit a leadoff single and scored on Chone Figgins's double. Figgins scored on a Garret Anderson sacrifice fly to put the Angels up 3−2. Crede's leadoff home run in the seventh off of Kelvim Escobar tied the game. Next inning, Escobar walked Rowand with two outs and an error moved him to second. Francisco Rodriguez relieved Escobar and Crede greeted him with an RBI single to put the White Sox up 4−3. They got two insurance runs in the ninth when Paul Konerko's double after back-to-back walks and Rowand's sacrifice fly scored a run each. Contreras delivered the fourth consecutive complete game by a White Sox pitcher, retiring the Angels in order in the ninth. Chicago captured its first American League pennant since 1959. This marked the first time in 77 years that a team threw four straight complete-game victories in the playoffs, becoming the first time it was done by four different pitchers since the Chicago Cubs did it in the 1907 World Series.  Konerko was named the ALCS MVP. He finished the series batting.286, with two home runs and seven RBIs. His two home runs came in the first innings of Games 3 and 4; he became only the third player in Major League history to hit homers in the first inning of consecutive playoff games, the other two having been Dan Ford during the 1979 ALCS and Carlos Beltrán during the 2004 NLCS.

Composite box.

2005 ALCS (4–1): Chicago White Sox over Los Angeles Angels of Anaheim

Series quotes.

All quotes are by Joe Buck of Fox Sports unless otherwise noted.

The 2005 American League Championship Series (ALCS), the second round of the 2005 American League playoffs, which determined the 2005 American League champion, matched the Central Division champion Chicago White Sox against the West Division champion Los Angeles Angels of Anaheim. The White Sox, by virtue of having the best record in the AL during the 2005 season, had the home-field advantage. The White Sox won the series four games to one to become the American League champions, and faced the Houston Astros in the 2005 World Series, in which the White Sox swept the Astros in four games to win their first World Series championship in 88 years; as a result of the 2005 All-Star Game played in Detroit, Michigan at Comerica Park on July 12, the White Sox had home-field advantage in the World Series. The series was notable both for a controversial call in Game 2 of the series, and the outstanding pitching and durability of Chicago's starting rotation, pitching four consecutive complete games; the of an inning Neal Cotts pitched in the first game was the only work the White Sox bullpen saw the entire series.

La Série de championnat de la Ligue américaine de baseball 2005 était la série finale de la Ligue américaine de baseball, dont l'issue a déterminé le représentant de cette ligue à la Série mondiale 2005, la grande finale des Ligues majeures.


Élections législatives andorranes de 2011

Background.

The two co-princes of Andorra – the President of France and the Bishop of Urgell – do not get involved in internal politics, particularly after the May 1993 constitution making the principality an independent state.

Fall of government.

A crisis in government developed after banking secrecy laws were lifted and a value added tax was due to be applied to companies, along with an opening up to foreign investment. After the 2009 election, the Social Democratic Party achieved a plurality of seats but fell one seat short of an overall majority, thus providing for more deadlock during key pieces of legislation. The government fell two years before its full four-year term was due to end after failing to pass the budget with an absolute majority. Jaume Bartumeu effectively called for an election by requesting that the country's co-princes dissolve parliament.

Electoral system.

Twenty-eight "general councillors" were elected, based on closed party lists: The parish lists and the national list are independent of one another: the same person cannot appear on both the national list and on a parish list, and voters cast two separate ballots. There is no requirement to vote for the same party for both lists.

Campaign.

Five parties contested the election: The governing Social Democrats (PS), the newly formed opposition Democrats for Andorra (DA), the third place Andorra for Change (ApC), the Greens and the local conservative Lauredian Union (LU) party.  Out of these only the PS, DA and LU contested the parish seats. The PS contested all parishes, while DA contested all but Sant Julià de Lòria, which was contested by Lauredian Union. ApC announced they would support DA candidates on a parish level.  Incumbent Prime Minister Jaume Bartumeu and his main challenger Antoni Martí wanted to change the protectionism previously prevalent in the national economy. They sought to attract foreign capital primarily in the technology sector to diversify from a current economy based on trade (33%), tourism (33%) and banking (17%). Due to the global financial crisis and its effect on Spain, which accounts for 80% of Andorran trade, (the other 20% with France) the economy was in a "severe crisis." Since 2008, 4,000 people in the country of 84,525 have lost their jobs, including seasonal employment.  Bartumeu had released the listing of Andorra's tax haven status with the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development. He also enacted a law to lift bank secrecy. He accuses right-winged parties of not forgiving him for a "move towards transparency and fiscal reforms."  Martí said that: "We develop our tax system to be within the European standards, Andorrans do not want to pay taxes, but they understand the need to change the system. We will keep an attractive tax regime and will continue to offer attractive products." Still there was some "broad consensus on economic and tax issues" between the two main parties; though the main difference was the creation of an income tax. Bartumeu sought to tax incomes of more than 40,000 euros, even though the minimum wage is 39,600. Marti opposed the entire proposal.  Eusebi Nomen of Andorra for Change also denounced the proposed increased tax burden and accused the government of selling "national sovereignty."  The Greens of Andorra's Isabel Lozano said that economic development must be more environmentally friendly.

Results.

The Democrats for Andorra won a landslide victory, taking every parish in which they stood and winning the national vote, giving them 20 out of the 28 General Council's seats, the biggest victory in the country's history. The Social Democrats lost all their parish seats and held only their six national seats, while Lauredian Union returned to the General Council, winning the parish of Sant Julià de Lòria. Andorra for Change lost all their seats, and the Greens finished last, gaining no seats.  Voter turnout was 74.14%. Of the 28 members elected, 15 were women, making 54% of the parliament legislators women (up from 32%). This made Andorra the first European country to elect a parliament where women legislators were the majority, and only the second in the world after Rwanda.

National lists.

! colspan="2" style="background:#e9e9e9; text-align:center;"|Party! style="background:#e9e9e9;"|Votes! style="background:#e9e9e9;"|Seats won! style="background:#e9e9e9;"|Difference! style="background:#e9e9e9;"|% seats! style="background:#e9e9e9;"|% votes! style="background:#e9e9e9;"|Difference <br>in votes! colspan="2" style="background:#e9e9e9;"|Total!! style="background:#e9e9e9;"|15,510!! style="background:#e9e9e9;"|14!! style="background:#e9e9e9;"|-!! style="background:#e9e9e9;"|-!! style="background:#e9e9e9;"|Turnout!! style="background:#e9e9e9;"|74.1%

Parish lists.

The results by parish are: ! colspan="2" style="background:#e9e9e9; text-align:center;"|Party! style="background:#e9e9e9;"|Seats won! style="background:#e9e9e9;"|Difference! style="background:#e9e9e9;"|Votes! style="background:#e9e9e9;"|Difference in votes! style="background:#e9e9e9;"|% of votes! colspan="2" style="background:#e9e9e9;"|Total!! style="background:#e9e9e9;"|2!! style="background:#e9e9e9;"|-!! style="background:#e9e9e9;"|596!! style="background:#e9e9e9;"|Turnout!! style="background:#e9e9e9;"|81.5%  |- align=center! colspan="2" style="background:#e9e9e9; text-align:center;"|Party! style="background:#e9e9e9;"|Seats! style="background:#e9e9e9;"|Difference! style="background:#e9e9e9;"|Votes! style="background:#e9e9e9;"|Difference in votes! style="background:#e9e9e9;"|% of votes! colspan="2" style="background:#e9e9e9;"|Total!! style="background:#e9e9e9;"|2!! style="background:#e9e9e9;"|-!! style="background:#e9e9e9;"|2,090!! style="background:#e9e9e9;"|Turnout!! style="background:#e9e9e9;"|74.6% ! colspan="2" style="background:#e9e9e9; text-align:center;"|Party! style="background:#e9e9e9;"|Seats! style="background:#e9e9e9;"|Difference! style="background:#e9e9e9;"|Votes! style="background:#e9e9e9;"|Difference in votes! style="background:#e9e9e9;"|% of votes! colspan="2" style="background:#e9e9e9;"|Total!! style="background:#e9e9e9;"|2!! style="background:#e9e9e9;"|-!! style="background:#e9e9e9;"|1,039!! style="background:#e9e9e9;"|Turnout!! style="background:#e9e9e9;"|81.7%  |- align=center! colspan="2" style="background:#e9e9e9; text-align:center;"|Partit polític! style="background:#e9e9e9;"|Seats! style="background:#e9e9e9;"|Difference! style="background:#e9e9e9;"|Votes! style="background:#e9e9e9;"|Difference in votes! style="background:#e9e9e9;"|% of votes! colspan="2" style="background:#e9e9e9;"|Total!! style="background:#e9e9e9;"|2!! style="background:#e9e9e9;"|-!! style="background:#e9e9e9;"|1,697!! style="background:#e9e9e9;"|Turnout!! style="background:#e9e9e9;"|79.2%  |- align=center! colspan="2" style="background:#e9e9e9; text-align:center;"|Party! style="background:#e9e9e9;"|Seats! style="background:#e9e9e9;"|Difference! style="background:#e9e9e9;"|Votes! style="background:#e9e9e9;"|Difference in votes! style="background:#e9e9e9;"|% of votes! colspan="2" style="background:#e9e9e9;"|Total!! style="background:#e9e9e9;"|2!! style="background:#e9e9e9;"|-!! style="background:#e9e9e9;"|4,176!! style="background:#e9e9e9;"|Turnout!! style="background:#e9e9e9;"|68.4%  |- align=center! colspan="2" style="background:#e9e9e9; text-align:center;"|Party! style="background:#e9e9e9;"|Seats! style="background:#e9e9e9;"|Difference! style="background:#e9e9e9;"|Votes! style="background:#e9e9e9;"|Difference in votes! style="background:#e9e9e9;"|% of votes! colspan="2" style="background:#e9e9e9;"|Total!! style="background:#e9e9e9;"|2!! style="background:#e9e9e9;"|-!! style="background:#e9e9e9;"|2,184!! style="background:#e9e9e9;"|Turnout!! style="background:#e9e9e9;"|75.9%  |- align=center! colspan="2" style="background:#e9e9e9; text-align:center;"|Party! style="background:#e9e9e9;"|Seats! style="background:#e9e9e9;"|Difference! style="background:#e9e9e9;"|Votes! style="background:#e9e9e9;"|Difference in votes! style="background:#e9e9e9;"|% of votes! colspan="2" style="background:#e9e9e9;"|Total!! style="background:#e9e9e9;"|2!! style="background:#e9e9e9;"|-!! style="background:#e9e9e9;"|3,191!! style="background:#e9e9e9;"|Turnout!! style="background:#e9e9e9;"|74.4%

Early parliamentary elections were held in Andorra on 3 April 2011 after the General Council of Andorra was dissolved over problems in passing important laws, including the budget and laws related to a value added tax.

Les élections législatives de 2011 en Andorre (en ) se sont tenues le, afin d'élire les vingt-huit membres de la septième législature du Conseil général.


History.

Post is located on the edge of the caprock escarpment of the Llano Estacado, the southeastern edge of the Great Plains. It is at the crossroads of U.S. Routes 84 and 380.  The land belonged to John Bunyan Slaughter, as it was on his U Lazy S Ranch. In 1906, Slaughter sold it to Charles William (C. W.) Post, the breakfast cereal manufacturer, who founded "Post City" as a utopian colonizing venture in 1907. Post devised the community as a model town. He purchased of ranchland and established the Double U Company to manage the town's construction. The company built trim houses and numerous structures, which included the Algerita Hotel, a gin, and a textile plant. They planted trees along every street and prohibited alcoholic beverages and brothels. The Double U Company rented and sold farms and houses to settlers. A post office began in a tent during the year of Post City's founding, being established (with the name Post) July 18, 1907, with Frank L. Curtis as first postmaster. Two years later, the town had a school, a bank, and a newspaper, the "Post City Post", the same name as the daily in St. Louis, Missouri. The Garza County paper today is called the "Post Dispatch." The railroad reached the town in 1910. The town changed its name to "Post" when it incorporated in 1914, the year of C. W. Post's death. By then, Post had a population of 1000, 10 retail businesses, a dentist, a physician, a sanitarium, and Baptist, Methodist, and Presbyterian churches.  From 1910 to 1913, Post experimented with attempts at rainmaking. Explosives were detonated in the atmosphere at timed intervals. Precipitation records, however, showed that the efforts failed.  The C. W. Post estate pledged $75,000, and the town raised $35,000 in 1916 to bid unsuccessfully to become the site of the proposed West Texas Agricultural and Mechanical College.  Postex Cotton Mills began production in 1913 with 250 employees. When the Post interests sold the business in 1945 to Ely and Walker Dry Goods Company of St. Louis, the plant was producing six million yards of cloth a year and employed 375 workers who manufactured Postex cotton sheets and Garza pillow cases. Ely and Walker sold Postex in 1955 to Burlington Industries, the world's largest textile manufacturer at that time. By 1973, the company employed 450 persons. The mill has since closed.  Oilfield service companies have been important to the economy, as have farming and ranching. In 1989, Post had two libraries, a hospital, a nursing home, an airport, the "Post Dispatch" (founded 1926), and 90 businesses. The population reached 3,400 in 1928, declined to 2,000 in 1940, and increased to 3,100 during the 1950s. With the development of the local oil industry, the town's population attained its highest level of 4,800 in 1964. The 1980 census showed a population of 3,864, but by 1988, the "Texas Almanac" reported 4,162. In 1990, the population was 3,768.  The former sanitarium in Post is preserved as the Garza County Historical Museum. It is located to the right rear of the courthouse. Linda G. Puckett is the museum director.  Many ranchers and civic boosters live in Garza County, among them Giles McCrary, a former mayor who until his death in 2011 operated the OS Museum, a hybrid of exhibits from both the American West and Asia, which are changed three times per year. Two baseball fields in Post are named for former resident Norm Cash.

Geography.

Post is located on the rolling plains at the foot of the Llano Estacado at (33.191789, -101.380432).  According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of, of which are land and of it (0.53%) is covered by water.

Climate.

According to the Köppen climate classification system, Post has a semiarid climate, "BSk". According to other climatic maps, it falls in a subtropical climate (Köppen: "Cfa"). Surpassing the 100° meridian, it is the city more to the west in the USA with such categorization. In any case, the city suffers influence from both sides, being the transition from a humid to dry environment in the subtropics.

Demographics.

As of the census of 2000, 3,708 people, 1,243 households, and 873 families resided in the city. The population density was 988.8 people per square mile (381.8/km2). The 1,419 housing units averaged 378.4 per square mile (146.1/km2). The racial makeup of the city was 51.54% white, 5.47% African American, 0.24% Native American, 0.11% Asian, 18.69% from other races, and 2.91% from two or more races. About 42.64% of the population was Hispanic or Latino.  Of the 1,243 households, 34.8% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 53.5% were married couples living together, 13.0% had a female householder with no husband present, and 29.7% were not families. About 26.6% of all households were made up of individuals, and 13.9% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.62 and the average family size was 3.17.  In the city, the population was distributed as 27.5% under the age of 18, 8.8% from 18 to 24, 29.4% from 25 to 44, 20.0% from 45 to 64, and 14.4% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 34 years. For every 100 females, there were 114.5 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 115.8 males.  The median income for a household in the city was $25,034, and for a family was $29,135. Males had a median income of $26,318 versus $17,266 for females. The per capita income for the city was $11,113. About 23.0% of families and 27.8% of the population were below the poverty line, including 34.2% of those under age 18 and 25.9% of those age 65 or over.  Post is served by two weekly newspapers, nearby stations KBXJ (FM) and KPET (AM), and the various Lubbock radio and TV stations. KPOS(AM) was licensed to Post, but was deleted (license turned into FCC) for cancellation in 1998 when the sister FM was upgraded to cover Slaton and the Lubbock area. KSSL(FM)is licensed to Post, but operates primarily from offices and studios in Slaton.

Education.

The City of Post is served by the Post Independent School District and home to the Post High School Antelopes.

Arts and culture.

Post observed its centennial in 2007. Festivities began with a parade and were followed by the All-School Reunion Dance, which featured the band Thrift Store Cowboys from Post, Texas. Old Mill Trade Days offered six hours of live music, as well as other activities. Throughout the weekend commemoration, art shows, museum exhibits, and theater productions were held to observe the centennial.  In 1987, the Texas Historical Commission designated Post as a Texas Main Street City. Main Street is lined with gift and clothing stores located in restored historic buildings. Centennial Plaza on the courthouse lawn honors veterans and Post civic leaders.  The Garza Theatre (1920-1957) on Main Street was among the first theaters in West Texas dating back to the age of the silent screen. In 1986, the Garza was renovated and reopened for community events. Regular films are offered at the Tower Theater.  The town is the site of a pivotal scene in the 2016 movie "Hell or High Water".

Post is a city in and the county seat of Garza County, Texas, United States. The population was 5,376 at the 2010 census.

La ville de Post est le siège du comté de Garza, dans l’État du Texas, aux États-Unis. Lors du recensement de 2010, sa population s’élevait à.


History of common wartime models.

The concept of a tiny manned submarine carrying a bomb was developed and patented by a British naval officer in 1909, but was never used during the First World War. The Italian Navy experimented with a primitive tiny sub carrying two men and a limpet mine as early as 1918 and this craft did have some success. The first truly practical human torpedo was the Italian "Maiale" (nicknamed the "pig" because it was difficult to steer) used in the Second World War.  The "Maiale" was electrically propelled by a motor in most of the units manufactured, with a top speed of and often required a travel time of up to two hours to its target. Two crewmen in diving suits rode astride, each equipped with an oxygen rebreather apparatus. They steered the craft to the enemy ship. The "pig" could be submerged to, and hypothetically to, when necessary. On arrival at the target, the detachable warhead was released for use as a limpet mine. If they were not detected, the operators then rode the mini sub away to safety.  Development began in 1935 but the first 11 were not completed until 1939 by San Bartolomeo Torpedo Workshops in La Spezia, Italy and a larger number followed. The official Italian name for the majority of the craft that were manufactured was "Siluro a Lenta Corsa" (SLC or "Slow-running torpedo"). Two distinct models were made, Series 100 and then (in 1942) Series 200 with some improvements. At least 50 SLCs were built by September 1943.  In operation, the "Maiale" torpedo was carried by another vessel (usually a conventional submarine), and launched near the target. Most manned torpedo operations were at night and during the new moon to cut down the risk of being seen. Attacks in 1940 were unsuccessful but in 1941, the Italian navy ("Regia Marina") successfully forced the harbour of Alexandria and damaged the two British battleships and, as well as the tanker "Sagona". This feat encouraged the British to develop their own torpedo "chariots".  The last Italian model, the SSB (for "Siluro San Bartolomeo", "San Bartolomeo Torpedo") was built with a partly enclosed cockpit, a more powerful motor and larger warhead (up from the earlier SLC's warheads). Three units were made but not operationally used because Italy surrendered in 1943.  The first British version of the concept was named the Chariot manned torpedo. Two models were made; Mark I was long while Mark II was long, both suitable for carrying two men. Later versions were larger, starting with the original X-class submarine, a midget submarine, long, no longer truly a human torpedo but similar in concept. The X-Craft were capable of on the surface or submerged. They were designed to be towed to their intended area of operations by a full-size'mother' submarine.  The German navy also developed a manned torpedo by 1943, the "Neger", intended for one man, with a top speed of and carrying one torpedo; the frequent technical problems often resulted in the deaths of operators. Roughly 40 of these were made and they did manage to sink a few ships. The later "Marder" (pine marten in English) was about long and more sophisticated and could dive to depths of but with very limited endurance. About 500 were built.

Construction.

A typical manned torpedo has a propeller, hydroplanes, a vertical rudder and a control panel with controls for its front rider. It usually allows for two riders who sit facing forwards. It has navigation aids such as a compass, and nowadays modern aids such as sonar and GPS positioning and modulated ultrasound communications gear. It may have an air (or other breathing gas) supply so its riders do not have to drain their own apparatus while they are riding it. In some the riders' seats are enclosed; in others the seats are open at the sides as in sitting astride a horse. The seat design includes room for the riders' swimfins (if used). There are flotation tanks (typically four: left fore, right fore, left aft, right aft), which can be flooded or blown empty to adjust buoyancy and attitude.

Timeline.

For other events, see Operations of X Flottiglia MAS and British commando frogmen.  Some nations including Italy have continued to build and deploy manned torpedoes since 1945.  For information on Italian manned torpedo operations, see Decima Flottiglia MAS.

Germany.

World War II.

"Neger".

This extreme form of a genuine "human torpedo" carried a second torpedo underneath, which was launched at the target. Speed:, and about 10 hours at 3 knots. One seat. This manned torpedo was named after its inventor Richard Mohr.

"Marder" and "Biber".

These very small submarines carried two torpedoes and one or two men. There were other types that never ran into production. In July 1944 Nazi Germany's "Kriegsmarine" introduced their "human torpedoes" to harass allied positions at Normandy anchorages. Although they could not submerge, they were difficult to observe at night and inflicted several losses on allied vessels. They were also used to harass allied vessels in the invasion of southern France but were largely ineffective

United States.

After 1945.

There are pictures and descriptions of modern US Chariot-like underwater frogman-carriers used by SEALs and a fast surface boat that can submerge, here:

Other countries.

Argentina.

Argentina developed manned torpedoes and special mini-submarines in the 1950s, the latter with a torpedo attached under the two-men crew. Their crews were trained by, a former member of the Italian Decima MAS.

Poland.

In Poland, in the months before the outbreak of the Second World War, a number of volunteers came forward to pilot torpedoes against German warships. A Bureau of Living torpedoes was set up to organize and train these volunteers, and prepare suitable equipment, but nothing had come to fruition before the German invasion and occupation.

Yugoslavia.

The Yugoslav Navy did not have manned torpedoes, but frogmen used the underwater device called "R-1 Diver" for a variety of missions, including: mine clearance, infiltration, clandestine surveillance and security, and assault missions on enemy shipping and naval objects. These small apparatuses were relegated to the navies of Croatia (HRM) (1991) and Montenegro (2007).

Human torpedoes or manned torpedoes are a type of diver propulsion vehicle on which the diver rides, generally in a seated position behind a fairing. They were used as secret naval weapons in World War II. The basic concept is still in use.

Une torpille est un engin automoteur, se déplaçant sous l'eau et destiné à la destruction de navires de surface ou de sous-marins.


Total Punch Control.

With Total Punch Control, most maneuvers, including punching, leaning and blocking, are performed with the left or right analog sticks, modified by the left or right triggers. For example, with the default controller configuration, moving the right analog stick up and to the left will cause the fighter to throw a straight punch with his left hand, while holding down the right trigger while performing the same movement and then holding R1 will cause the fighter to raise his guard to the left side of his head, ready to attempt a parry.

Reception.

Sales of "Fight Night 2004" surpassed 1 million units worldwide by the end of June 2004. By July 2006, the PlayStation 2 version of "Fight Night 2004" had sold 850,000 copies and earned $36 million in the United States. "Next Generation" ranked it as the 68th highest-selling game launched for the PlayStation 2, Xbox or GameCube between January 2000 and July 2006 in that country. Combined console sales of "Fight Night" games released in the 2000s reached 2.5 million units in the United States by July 2006.  "Fight Night 2004" received "favorable" reviews on both platforms according to video game review aggregator Metacritic.  "The Village Voice" gave the PS2 version a score of eight out of ten and stated that "Taking on generic career-mode opponents can't match fighting friends." BBC Sport gave the game an 80% and said, "The road to the top is a long one and things become repetitive long before you get the chance to glove up against "The Greatest". And training - which is essential to boost your power, stamina and chin - becomes a real chore." "Maxim" also gave it eight out of ten and said, "Instead of the usual push-button pugilism, throw punches using the analog stick—the direction and speed of the stick determine the swing; the trigger controls handle bobbing, weaving, and blocking." "Playboy" gave it a score of 75% and said that the game "adds a bit of bob and weave through a control system that allows you to swivel your fighter at the hips."

Fight Night 2004 is a 2004 boxing video game developed by NuFX, Inc. It features Roy Jones Jr on the cover. It is the successor to EA's previous boxing series, "Knockout Kings". Four sequels followed, "Fight Night Round 2" in 2005, "Fight Night Round 3" in 2006, "Fight Night Round 4" in 2009 and "Fight Night Champion" in 2011. Its chief features are a career mode, in-depth and reasonably realistic fighting and an analog stick-based control scheme dubbed "Total Punch Control", which was re-used, with enhancements, in the sequels.

Fight Night 2004 est un jeu vidéo de simulation de boxe sorti sur PlayStation 2 et Xbox. Il a été développé par EA Sports, édité par EA Canada et fait suite à Knockout Kings.


History.

Treviso, a town of 60,000 inhabitants located in the Veneto region, thirty kilometres north of Venice, was in a strategically important position for railway communications in northeastern Italy, and was therefore bombed several times by the Allied air forces.  The first, and most devastating, raid took place on 7 April 1944. 159 Boeing B-17 Flying Fortress of the United States Army Air Force (escorted by Lockheed P-38 Lightning fighters) dropped over 2,000 bombs (446 metric tons of ordnance) during an attack which lasted five minutes (from 1.24 PM to 1.29 PM); the target was the local marshalling yard, but the inaccuracy of the bombing caused most of the bombs to fall all over the city, destroying most of it.  Out of 4,600 buildings, 700 were destroyed, 1,100 heavily damaged and 1,962 slightly damaged. A large part of the medieval parts of the city centre were destroyed; the medieval Palazzo dei Trecento, distant only 700 meters from the objective, was partly destroyed. Between 1,000 and 1,600 civilians were killed, including 123 children. According to the records of the municipality, 1,600 inhabitants of Treviso were killed by air raids during the war, of whom 1,470 died in the raid of 7 April 1944; some 30,000 were left homeless. This makes the 7 April 1944 raid on Treviso the second deadliest air raid suffered by an Italian city during the war, after the 19 July 1943 raid on Rome that killed between 1,600 and 3,200 people.  The attackers lost one B-17, shot down by anti-aircraft guns of the nearby Treviso Airport.  As the bombing occurred on Good Friday, fascist propaganda called the day ""passion of Christ and of Treviso"".

Further raids.

A further twelve air raids (both by the Royal Air Force and the USAAF), mostly targeting the marshalling yard, took place in the following eleven months: on 20 April 1944, 14 May 1944, 20 October 1944, 21, 22, 25 and 27 December 1944, 11, 15 and 31 January 1945, and 13 and 31 March 1945. These raids caused further damage and destruction to the town, albeit none was as destructive and deadly as the first one had been.  Giuseppe Berto's novel "The Sky is Red" and the film with the same name are set during the bombing of Treviso and its aftermath, and ruined buildings of the town were uset as set for the movie.

The bombing of Treviso, a town in Northeastern Italy, took place on 7 April 1944, during World War II. Aimed at disabling the town's marshalling yard, it resulted in the destruction of most of the town.

Le bombardement de Trévise est une opération aérienne de la Seconde Guerre mondiale réalisée par les forces alliées sur Trévise, en Italie, le.


Background.

The 1984 American League Championship Series ended in a sweep by the Tigers, however although Games 2 and 3 were both close with Game 2 being decided in extra innings and the Tigers clinched the pennant with a 1-0 victory. It wasn't that surprising given the fact the Royals won 20 fewer games during the season and had won the AL West by a mere three games over both the California Angels and Minnesota Twins.  The striking umpires originally scheduled to work the ALCS were Marty Springstead (crew chief), Don Denkinger, Steve Palermo, Ken Kaiser, Greg Kosc and John Shulock (who was not a member of the Major League Umpires Association since he was hired by the AL during the 1979 MLUA strike).

Game summaries.

Game 1.

Tuesday, October 2, 1984, at Royals Stadium in Kansas City, Missouri Game 1 was a blowout in Kansas City, as the Tigers struck first when Lou Whitaker singled to lead off the game off of Bud Black, then scored on Alan Trammell's triple. One out later, Lance Parrish's sacrifice fly made it 2–0 Tigers. Leadoff home runs by Larry Herndon in the fourth and Trammell in the fifth made it 4–0 Tigers. In the seventh, Royals' right fielder Pat Sheridan's error on Whitaker's line drive allowed him to reach second, then score on Trammell's single off of Mark Huismann. Tigers' Jack Morris pitched seven innings, allowing only one run in the seventh when Jorge Orta hit a leadoff triple and scored on Darryl Motley's groundout, with Willie Hernández pitching the final two innings. The Tigers added to their lead in the last two innings off of the Royals' bullpen. Barbaro Garbey led off the eighth with a single off of Huismann and scored on Darrell Evans's double, then Marty Castillo's RBI single made it 7–1 Tigers. Lance Parrish's leadoff home run in the ninth off of Mike Jones capped the scoring at 8–1 as the Tigers took a 1–0 series lead.

Game 2.

Wednesday, October 3, 1984, at Royals Stadium in Kansas City, Missouri The Tigers took Game 2 in extra innings by a 5–3 score. In the top of the first, Lou Whitaker reached on an error off of Bret Saberhagen, then back-to-back one-out RBI doubles by Kirk Gibson and Lance Parrish put the Tigers up 2–0. Gibson's home run in the third made it 3–0 Tigers. Dan Petry pitched seven innings and gave up two runs (on Jorge Orta's groundout in the fourth after a walk and single and Dane Iorg's RBI single in the seventh with two on), but lost his chance at a win when Willie Hernández surrendered the tying run in the eighth inning on Hal McRae's RBI double after a leadoff single. Detroit's "Senor Smoke", Aurelio López, held the Royals scoreless in the ninth, tenth and eleventh innings for the win. Johnny Grubb hit a double off Dan Quisenberry in the eleventh inning to drive in Darrell Evans and Ruppert Jones for the game winning runs.

Game 3.

Friday, October 5, 1984, at Tiger Stadium in Detroit, Michigan The first postseason game at Tiger Stadium in 12 years was a pitcher's duel between Milt Wilcox and Charlie Leibrandt. Leibrandt pitched a complete game, allowing only one run and three hits, while Wilcox gave up two hits and struck out eight Royals with Willie Hernández pitching the ninth inning for the save. Marty Castillo's 2nd inning groundout to drove in Chet Lemon for game's lone run as the Tigers completed the three-game sweep and advanced to the World Series.  This was their first pennant in 16 years and the ninth in the team's history.  Had the ALCS gone the full five games, Game 5 on Sunday October 7, would have been a 1 p.m. ET time start instead of being in prime time. This would have happened because one of the presidential debates between Ronald Reagan and Walter Mondale was scheduled for that night. Accordingly, ABC planned to broadcast the debates instead of Game 5 in prime time.

Composite box.

1984 ALCS (3–0): Detroit Tigers over Kansas City Royals

The 1984 American League Championship Series matched the East Division champion Detroit Tigers against the West Division champion Kansas City Royals. The Tigers took the series in a three-game sweep to advance to the 1984 World Series against the San Diego Padres.

La Série de championnat de la Ligue américaine de baseball 1984 était la série finale de la Ligue américaine de baseball, dont l'issue a déterminé le représentant de cette ligue à la Série mondiale 1984, la grande finale des Ligues majeures.


Championnat de Nouvelle-Zélande de football 2005-2006

New Format.

In the regular season, all teams played each other three times, as before. But the playoff stage was changed slightly, with the top five teams now going through to the playoffs (as opposed to the previous three).

Finals.

In this season's extended playoff system, the games are broken up into several rounds.

Round 1.

The second place team plays the third place team in Game 1; and fourth place plays fifth place in Game 2. The second and fourth placed teams get home advantage. The winners of each game progress to Round 2, as does the loser of Game 1. The Game 2 loser is eliminated.

Round 2.

Auckland City, as Premiers, receive a bye straight to Round 2 where they face the winner from Game 1. The loser of Game 1 gets a second chance by going into Round 2 to face the Game 2 winner.  The winner of Game 3 (Auckland) now goes into the Grand Final - and with home advantage. The loser of Game 3 (Canterbury) gets a second chance to make the Grand Final by playing the winner of Game 4 (Wellington). The Game 4 loser is eliminated.

Round 3.

Canterbury, as winners, go on to face Auckland City in the Grand Final.

Grand Final.

Auckland City are the champions of the 2005–06 New Zealand Football Championship and, along with league runners up YoungHeart Manawatu, will go on to represent New Zealand in the Oceania Club Championship 2006

The 2005–06 New Zealand Football Championship was the second season of the New Zealand Football Championship. The final was won by Auckland City, who defended the title they won in 2005.

La saison 2005-2006 du Championnat de Nouvelle-Zélande de football est la trente-septième édition du championnat de première division en Nouvelle-Zélande et la du "New Zealand Football Championship". La "NZFC" regroupe huit clubs du pays au sein d'une poule unique, où ils s'affrontent trois fois au cours de la saison. À la fin de la compétition, les cinq premiers du classement disputent la phase finale pour le titre. Le championnat fonctionne avec un système de franchises, comme en Australie ou en Major League Soccer ; il n'y a donc ni promotion, ni relégation en fin de saison.


Origin.

Bernstein later acknowledged that the concept for the character of Ace Ventura, came from wanting to do a comedic version of Sherlock Holmes, and after watching the "Stupid Pet Tricks" segment on "Late Night with David Letterman".

Films.

"Ace Ventura: Pet Detective" (1994).

Ace Ventura is hired to rescue Snowflake, the bottlenose dolphin mascot of the Miami Dolphins. Despite his best efforts to save Dan Marino, Ace is also kidnapped. When Ace finds out a murder is connected, he soon begins to suspect that disgraced football player Ray Finkle is behind it all. However, Ace can't find Finkle, until Ace discovers that Finkle has been masquerading as Lt. Lois Einhorn.

"Ace Ventura: When Nature Calls" (1995).

Ace is dispatched to Africa to investigate the disappearance of a sacred white bat battling his fear of bats along the way.

"Ace Ventura Jr.: Pet Detective" (2009).

Ace Ventura, Jr. follows in his father's footsteps in being a pet detective. Years ago his father has disappeared, after voyage through the Bermuda Triangle. Now a number of animals go missing, and his mother is placed in jail after suspicion of guilt is ordered. Ace works with a number of friends to uncover the true culprit, and rescue his mother from conviction.

Television.

A followup/continuation animated series, titled "Ace Ventura: Pet Detective - The Animated Series" aired from December 1995 to February 2000. Created by Duane Capizzi for Warner Bros. Television, the first two seasons aired on CBS. In 1999 when reruns debuted on Nickelodeon, a third season was developed and aired. Many of the characters from the movie were retained, though voiced by a new cast. While the original movies had a strongly cartoon-style comedic aesthetic, the animated series is characterized by slapstick and children-friendly cartoon humor. Seth MacFarlane was among the writers over the course of the show's run, displaying similar humor to his later series. The titular character, voiced by Canadian actor Michael Hall, continues his goofy antics as a private investigator for animals of all species. Despite running in a time slot after another popular Jim Carrey movie-based cartoon, "", and debuting a crossover episode between the two series (with "The Aceman Cometh"), the series failed to garner enough views to be renewed. Ultimately, both "The Mask" and "Ace Ventura" were cancelled. A third season followed the cancellation, before once again being cancelled.

In other media.

A number of video games centering around Ace Ventura have been released. they are as follows:

The Ace Ventura franchise consists of American detective-comedies, with two theatrical films, one made-for-television film, and one animated television series. The overall story, based on an original concept and story written by Jack Bernstein, follows the criminal investigations of the titular and comedic pet detective.

Ace Ventura est une série de films américains comprenant deux longs métrages : "Ace Ventura, détective pour chiens et chats" (1994) et "Ace Ventura en Afrique" (1995) ainsi qu'un téléfilm, "Ace Ventura 3" (2008). Les deux premiers films mettent en vedette l'acteur Jim Carrey dans le rôle-titre.