History.

The city was built in the early 1940s as a planned community, designed by Alden B. Dow of Midland, Michigan for workers in support of a new plant of the Dow Chemical Company, which his father owned. The City of Lake Jackson was incorporated March 14, 1944, and voted for home rule ten years later in 1954.

Geography.

The city of Lake Jackson is located in south-central Brazoria County, and is bordered to the east by the cities of Clute and Richwood, and to the southwest by the Brazos River. Texas State Highway 288, the Nolan Ryan Expressway, runs through the city, leading north to Angleton, the county seat, north to downtown Houston, and southeast to Freeport on the Gulf of Mexico.  According to the United States Census Bureau, Lake Jackson has a total area of, of which is land and, or 7.11%, is water.

Demographics.

As of the census of 2010, there were 26,849 people, 10,319 households, and 7,134 families residing in the city. The population density was 1,386.0 people per square mile (535.1/km2). There were 11,149 housing units at an average density of 550.2 per square mile (212.4/km2). The racial makeup of the city was 84.36% White, 5.10% African American, 0.52% Native American, 3.14% Asian, 0.04% Pacific Islander, 4.44% from other races, and 2.40% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 20.53% of the population.  There were 9,588 households out of which 42.6% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 64.7% were married couples living together, 8.5% had a female householder with no husband present, and 23.4% were non-families. Twenty percent of all households were made up of individuals, and 7.3% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.74 and the average family size was 3.18.  In the city, the population was spread out with 26.41% under the age of 18, 5.61% from 20 to 24, 12.51% from 25 to 34, 20.60% from 35 to 49, 20.10% from 50 to 64, and 12% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 35 years. For every 100 females, there were 96.06 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 94.3 males.  The median income for a household in the city was $60,901, and the median income for a family was $69,053. Males had a median income of $60,143 versus $30,398 for females. The per capita income for the city was $25,877. About 5.4% of families and 6.4% of the population were below the poverty line, including 6.5% of those under age 18 and 6.7% of those age 65 or over.

Economy.

Gas station and convenience store chain Buc-ee's has its headquarters in Lake Jackson.  The Dow Chemical Company and the Brazosport Independent School District are major employers of residents. Dow planned to develop this community in 1941 as a 5,000-acre residential area for workers at its Freeport plant; he is sometimes referred to as "Daddy Dow." Lake Jackson is now home to other chemical and manufacturing facilities, along with many other types of businesses. In Lake Jackson's early days, Dow helped to create a booming economy. In 2014 it announced an expansion project that is estimated to bring nearly 2,000 employees to the area.  The unemployment rate in Lake Jackson, TX, is 8.40%, with job growth of 2.40%. Future job growth over the next ten years is predicted to be 36.40%. The income per capita is $30,625, which includes all adults and children. The median household income is $68,391. The sales tax rate in Lake Jackson, TX, is 8.25%.  Sales tax income represents a population of over 70,000 indicating the draw of the retail shopping from the area.

Arts and culture.

The Lake Jackson Library is a part of the Brazoria County Library System.

Government.

Lake Jackson is within Texas's 14th congressional district and is represented by Randy Weber.

Education.

Colleges.

Brazosport College is a public community college located in Lake Jackson, with the majority of the Lake Jackson city limits in the college's district.  It which was recently upgraded to offer a baccalaureate degree in certain technical fields. It is also distinguished for its professional music hall, The Clarion. Brazosport College's Music Department has been able to bring many successful music artists to Lake Jackson, including Jackie Evancho, Leann Rimes, Wynonna Judd, Keb' Mo', Los Lonely Boys, Michael Martin Murphey, Robert Earl Keen, Doc Severinsen, Dee Dee Bridgewater, Brandford Marsalis, Delfeayo Marsalis, America, Rita Coolidge, Lyle Lovett, Don McLean, Phil Woods, and John Pizarelli.

Public schools.

The public schools in the city are operated by Brazosport Independent School District.  K-5 elementary schools within Lake Jackson include:  Residents are zoned to:

Private schools.

Private schools within Lake Jackson include:

Infrastructure.

Transportation.

Airports.

Brazoria County Airport serves Lake Jackson.

Mass transit.

Southern Brazoria County Transit provides bus service options for Lake Jackson, Clute, Freeport and Angleton.

Highways.

Texas State Highway 332 extends from its west end SH 36 in Brazoria to its east end at Surfside Beach.

Lake Jackson is a city in Brazoria County, Texas, United States, within the Greater Houston metropolitan area. As of the 2010 census, the city population was 26,849.

Lake Jackson est une ville du comté de Brazoria, dans l’État du Texas, aux États-Unis. Située à environ des côtes du golfe du Mexique, sur la rive nord du fleuve Brazos, elle fait partie de l'agglomération de Houston dont le centre-ville se trouve à plus de au nord. Lors du recensement de 2010, la ville comptait.


Life and career.

Guo Jinlong was born in Nanjing. He graduated from Nanjing University Department of Physics in 1969 and joined the Communist Party of China in 1979, and was sent to work as a technician in Zhong County, Sichuan (later made part of Chongqing municipality), at the local water works department. He also worked as a sports coach, a propaganda instructor, and head of the county education board, before being promoted to county governor. He then worked in the provincial agriculture research office. In 1987, he gained his first political office, as deputy party chief of Leshan, then in 1990 he was made party chief of Leshan.  In December 1993, Guo left Sichuan, where he had worked for over twenty years, and headed to Lhasa to serve as the Deputy Party Secretary of the Tibet Autonomous Region, and was promoted to become the Secretary from 2000 to 2004. As the leading official in Tibet at the time, Guo played a leading role in the Qinghai-Tibet Railway project.  He left Tibet to serve as the party chief of Anhui province in 2004, and Chairman of the Standing Committee of Anhui People's Congress from 2005. In the first year in Anhui Guo and his family conducted work from a hotel. After the departure of Wang Qishan from his post as Mayor of Beijing, Guo headed north from Anhui to take over the position as Acting mayor on November 30, 2007, confirmed on January 26, 2008. He served as Executive President of the Beijing Organizing Committee for the 2008 Summer Olympics. On July 3, 2012, a few months before the 18th Party Congress, Guo was named party chief of Beijing. At the party congress held in November, Guo was elevated to the 25-member Politburo of the Communist Party of China. On May 27, 2017, Guo relinquished his post of Beijing party chief to Cai Qi. He was then duly appointed as the Vice Chairman of the Central Guidance Commission on Building Spiritual Civilization.  Guo was the alternate member of 15th CPC Central Committee and member of 16th, 17th, and 18th Central Committees.  Due to age restrictions Guo retired at the 19th Party Congress in 2017.

Guo Jinlong (; born July 1947) is a Chinese politician, currently serving as the Vice Chairman of the Central Guidance Commission on Building Spiritual Civilization, and a member of the Politburo of the Communist Party of China. Between 2008 and 2012 Guo served as the Mayor of Beijing, and Communist Party Secretary of Beijing between 2012 and 2017. As the Mayor of Beijing during the 2008 Olympics, Guo served as the executive chairman of the Beijing Organizing Committee for the Olympic Games (BOCOG).

Guo Jinlong, né en, est un homme politique chinois, originaire de Nanjing. Ce proche de Hu Jintao a été maire de Pékin de 2007 à.


Early life and background.

Malaika Arora was named after the Swahili word "Malaika" meaning "angel". She was born in Thane, Maharastra. Her parents divorced when she was 11 years old and she moved to Chembur with her mother & sister Amrita. Her mother, Joyce Polycarp, is a Malayali Catholic and her father, Anil Arora, was a Punjabi native to Indian border town of Fazilka, who worked in the Merchant Navy.  She completed her secondary education from Swami Vivekanand School in Chembur. Her aunt, Grace Polycarp, was the principal of the school. She is also an alumnus of the Holy Cross High School Thane where she studied until ninth grade. She pursued her college education from Jai Hind College, Churchgate but did not complete it on account of professional engagements. She lived in Borla Society, Chembur opposite Basant Talkies before starting her modelling career.

Career.

Arora was selected as one of the VJs when MTV India started its operations. She began working as an interviewer, hosted shows such as "Club MTV", and later co-hosted with Cyrus Broacha the shows "Love Line" and "Style Check". Malaika then entered the modelling world, appearing in many advertisements, for album songs like Bally Sagoo's "Gur Naalo Ishq Mitha" opposite Jas Arora and item numbers such as "Chaiyya Chaiyya" in the 1998 Bollywood film "Dil Se..".  In the 2000s, apart from featuring in item numbers for various films, she made cameo appearances in a few films. In 2008, she appeared in her first major acting role in the film "EMI" which was a box-office failure.  In 2010, she featured in the item song "Munni Badnaam Hui" in the film "Dabangg", which was produced by her former husband Arbaaz Khan. On 12 March 2011, she helped set a world record with 1235 participants performing a choreographed dance to "Munni Badnaam" which she led.  She was the Taiwan Excellence celebrity endorser in 2012. She endorsed Dabur's 30-plus. She states that she never wanted to do acting. She performed live alongside Atif Aslam, Shaan and Bipasha Basu in a series of concerts at LG Arena in Birmingham and The O2 Arena in London.  In 2014, she confirmed that she would make a cameo appearance in the Farah Khan-directed action comedy-drama film "Happy New Year".

Television.

Malaika appeared on the television show "Nach Baliye" as one of the three judges. The show was aired on STAR One in mid-2005. She continued as a judge in "Nach Baliye 2" which started airing in the last quarter of 2006. In this show, she performed many item numbers as an example for the contestants. She appeared on the show "Zara Nachke Dikha" as a judge on Star One. She was a judge on the show "Jhalak Dikhhla Jaa" in 2010.  Malaika is on the judges panel in the show India's Got Talent.

Personal life.

Malaika was married to Bollywood actor-director-producer Arbaaz Khan in 1998 whom she met during a coffee ad shoot. On 28 March 2016, they announced separation citing compatibility issues. The couple officially got divorced on 11 May 2017. Together they have a son, Arhaan, born on 9 November 2002. The custody of the son after the divorce is with Malaika. While Arbaz has visitation rights on his son, as per the settlement reached in the Bandra Family Court. Bollywood actor Salman Khan and actor-director-producer Sohail Khan are her former brothers-in-law. Her former father-in-law is scriptwriter Salim Khan.  Malaika has been in a relationship with actor Arjun Kapoor since 2018.

Malaika Arora is an Indian actress, dancer, model, VJ, and television personality, who is best known for her all-rounded work throughout Hindi cinema. She made her debut as a film producer in 2008, with former husband Arbaaz Khan, founding the company Arbaaz Khan Productions, which has created the "Dabangg" film series. As an actress, Arora has starred in main roles in films "Kaante" (2002) and "EMI" (2008). As a dancer, she is acclaimed for her performances in the songs "Chaiyya Chaiyya" (1998), "Gur Naalo Ishq Mitha" (1998), "Maahi Ve" (2002), "Kaal Dhamaal" (2005), and "Munni Badnaam Hui" (2010)..

Malaika Arora () est une actrice, mannequin et présentatrice de télévision de Bollywood née le à Bombay (Inde). Elle est surtout connue pour ses "item numbers" dont "Chaiyya Chaiyya", tiré de "Dil Se", et "Munni Badnaam Hui" dans "Dabangg".


Early career.

Casey was born in St. John's, Newfoundland and educated at St. Francis Xavier University and Dalhousie Law School. He joined the firm Stewart McKelvey in 1989 (which also included Shawn Murphy, the man he would subsequently replace as MP for Charlottetown), and was made a partner in 1993. From 2003 to 2008 he was president of the Paderno Group of Companies, before returning to Stewart McKelvey as the firm's managing partner, until his resignation to run for office in 2011. From 2009 to 2010, he served as the president of the Greater Charlottetown Area Chamber of Commerce. He was also active as a volunteer in both soccer and minor hockey.

Politics.

Casey's first prominent role in politics came when he served as President of the PEI Liberal Party from 2003 to 2007. He did not reoffer as president after completing his term in 2007, after the party's victory in the 2007 election, stating that with their forming the government after nearly eleven years in opposition, he had accomplished what he had set out to. That same election saw his wife Kathleen elected as an MLA for Charlottetown-Lewis Point, and she subsequently became Speaker of the Legislature.  When four-term incumbent Shawn Murphy announced his intention not to run in the next election, Casey announced his candidacy. He was unopposed for the nomination, and won the general election with nearly 40% of the vote. Casey was one of only two new Liberal MPs elected in the 2011 election (the other being Ted Hsu in Kingston and the Islands).  Casey served as the Liberal Party's Justice critic during the 41st Parliament. He was reelected to a second term in the 2015 election.

Sean J. Casey (born May 16, 1963) is a Canadian politician from Prince Edward Island, Canada. Casey was elected to the House of Commons of Canada in the 2011 federal election as the Liberal Member of Parliament for the riding of Charlottetown. Casey previously served as the president of the Prince Edward Island Liberal Party, and is married to Kathleen Casey, a Liberal member of the Legislative Assembly of Prince Edward Island.

Sean Casey (né le ) est un homme politique de l'Île-du-Prince-Édouard. Il est actuellement député à la Chambre des communes du Canada, représentant la circonscription prince-édouardienne de Charlottetown depuis 2011 sous la bannière du Parti libéral du Canada.


Phosphorus-31 nuclear magnetic resonance

Operational aspects.

With a gyromagnetic ratio 40.5% of that for H, P NMR signals are observed near 202 MHz on an 11.7 Tesla magnet (used for 500 MHz H NMR measurements). Chemical shifts are referenced to 85% phosphoric acid, which is assigned the chemical shift of 0, with positive shifts to low field/high frequency. Due to the inconsistent nuclear Overhauser effect, integrations are not useful. Most often, spectra are recorded with protons decoupled.

Applications in chemistry.

P-NMR spectroscopy is useful to assay purity and to assign structures of phosphorus-containing compounds because these signals are well resolved and often occur at characteristic frequencies. Chemical shifts and coupling constants span a large range but sometimes are not readily predictable. The Gutmann-Beckett method uses EtPO in conjunction with P NMR-spectroscopy to assess the Lewis acidity of molecular species.

Chemical shifts.

The ordinary range of chemical shifts ranges from about δ250 to -δ250, which is much wider than typical for H NMR. Unlike H NMR spectroscopy, P NMR shifts are primarily not determined by the magnitude of the diamagnetic shielding, but are dominated by the so-called paramagnetic shielding tensor (unrelated to paramagnetism). The paramagnetic shielding tensor, σ, includes terms that describe the radial expansion (related to charge), energies of excited states, and bond overlap. Illustrative of the effects lead to big changes in chemical shifts, the chemical shifts of the two phosphate esters (MeO)PO (δ2.1) and (t-BuO)PO (δ-13.3). More dramatic are the shifts for phosphine derivatives HP (δ-240), (CH)P (δ-62), (i-Pr)P (δ20), and (t-Bu)P (δ61.9).

Coupling constants.

One-bond coupling is illustrated by PH where J(P,H) is 189 Hz. Two-bond couplings, e.g. "P"C"H" are an order of magnitude smaller. The situation for phosphorus-carbon couplings are more complicated since the two-bond couplings are often larger than one-bond couplings. The J(C,P) values for triphenylphosphine are = -12.5, 19.6, 6.8, 0.3 for one-, two-, three-, and four-bond couplings.

Biomolecular applications.

P-NMR spectroscopy is widely used for studies of phospholipid bilayers and biological membranes in native conditions. The analysis of P-NMR spectra of lipids could provide a wide range of information about lipid bilayer packing, phase transitions (gel phase, physiological liquid crystal phase, ripple phases, non bilayer phases), lipid head group orientation/dynamics, and elastic properties of pure lipid bilayer and as a result of binding of proteins and other biomolecules.  In addition, a specific N-H...(O)-P experiment (INEPT transfer using three-bond scalar coupling J~5 Hz) could provide a direct information about formation of hydrogen bonds between amine protons of protein to phosphate of lipid headgroups, which is useful in studies of protein/membrane interactions.

Phosphorus-31 NMR spectroscopy is an analytical chemistry technique that uses nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) to study chemical compounds that contain phosphorus. Phosphorus is commonly found in organic compounds and coordination complexes (as phosphines), making it useful to measure P NMR spectra routinely. Solution P-NMR is one of the more routine NMR techniques because P has an isotopic abundance of 100% and a relatively high gyromagnetic ratio. The P nucleus also has a spin of 1⁄2, making spectra relatively easy to interpret. The only other highly sensitive NMR-active nuclei spin 1⁄2 that are monoisotopic (or nearly so) are H and F.

La RMN du phosphore 31 (parfois simplement appelée RMN du phosphore) est l'application de la résonance magnétique nucléaire (RMN) au phosphore. Le P possède un spin de 1⁄2 et son abondance relative naturelle est de 100 %, ce qui fait de cette technique une méthode de choix pour l'analyse et la résolution de structure des composés phosphorés organiques ou inorganiques.


Overview.

The Chinese penal system includes numerous components such as prisons (formerly referred to as "laogai"), re-education through labor or "laojiao" camps, "ankang" mental health facilities, and juvenile detention centers. The Laogai Museum focuses mainly on the "laogai" component, which Wu's non-profit research organization calls "the most extensive system of forced labor camps in the world.". Prisoners in these camps are said to undergo forced labor and thought reform, and the system has attracted widespread criticism from the international community. In 1994, the government abandoned the term "laogai" and renamed the facilities "prisons" ("jianyu"), but the Laogai Research Foundation and others claim that forced labor continues and prison conditions have not improved.  The purpose of the Laogai Museum, according to Wu, is both to educate the public about the "laogai" and to memorialize the victims of the "laogai". The museum documents the "history and structure of the "laogai"," and displays "laogai"-related materials such as uniforms, photographs, government documents, and products manufactured by prisoners—including such items as Christmas lights, tea bags, and plastic flowers; many of the items were donated by "laogai" survivors, and others come from Wu's own archives. The museum also has a large archive of prison-made products, victims' testimonies, and Chinese government documents.  The museum appeared to have closed in early 2017 following the death of its founder in April 2016, who had been criticised for excessive spending on the museum, rather than on human rights activists themselves. The museum reopened in October 2018.

Funding.

The museum was funded in part by the Yahoo! Human Rights Fund, a fund established by Yahoo! after the company attracted criticism for helping Chinese police locate and detain internet dissidents. The fund, headed by Yahoo! co-founder Jerry Yang was part of Yahoo!'s apology, and funding the museum was one of its first public projects.

Criticism.

A spokesman for the Chinese embassy has criticized the museum, calling it an attack on China's reputation and suggesting that Wu's motivation behind opening the museum was "to vilify the Chinese legal system and mislead the American public." In response, Wu said that the Chinese authorities "always dismiss me as a morally corrupt and dangerous criminal. Their second argument is that criminals have to work in some American prisons, too. But I can tell you that it's not the same thing at all."

The Laogai Museum is a museum in Dupont Circle, Washington, D.C., United States, which showcases human rights in the People's Republic of China, focusing particularly on the "Láogǎi", the Chinese prison system of "Reform through Labor". The creation of the museum was spearheaded by Harry Wu, a well-known Chinese dissident who himself served 19 years in "laogai" prisons; it was supported by the Yahoo! Human Rights Fund. It opened to the public on 12 November 2008, and Wu's non-profit research organization (the Laogai Research Foundation) calls it the first museum in the United States to directly address the issue of human rights in China.

Le Musée Laogai de Washington (district de Columbia) aux États-Unis est un musée américain fondé en 2008 par Harry Wu avec la Fondation pour la recherche sur le laogaï sur le thème des Droits de l'homme en République populaire de Chine et des Laogais.


Plot.

A young man named Travis goes into a hotel room where a Ukrainian couple, Victor and Anka, are currently staying. Anka and Victor fall unconscious after being drugged by the beer Travis gives them, and it is revealed that Travis is a member of the Elite Hunting Club. Victor later wakes up in a cell in an abandoned building, and watches as two guards drag Anka out of her cell.  Scott leaves his fiancée Amy to go to Las Vegas with his friend Carter for Scott's bachelor party. There, they meet up with their other friends, Mike and Justin. The four go to a nightclub, where they meet Kendra and Nikki, two escorts Carter secretly paid to have sex with Scott. Kendra and Nikki tell the four men about a "freaky" party they could go to on the other end of town, and the four men take a cab to an abandoned building. At the party, Kendra makes a move on Scott, but he declines and tells her about how he previously cheated on Amy and almost lost her, and does not want it to happen again. Scott wakes up the next morning in his hotel room with Carter and Justin. The three wonder where Mike is, as he is not answering his phone.  Mike awakens in a cell and starts panicking. Two guards strap him to a chair in an empty room, with one wall made of glass, and Mike is on display to be gambled upon by wealthy clients. A man enters the room; Mike pleads with him, but the man peels Mike's face off. Worried about Mike, Scott, Carter, and Justin travel to Nikki's trailer, but cannot find her. Kendra arrives and reveals that Nikki is missing as well. Meanwhile, Nikki is brought into the same room as Mike and strapped to a table. Another man enters the room and releases a jar full of cockroaches onto Nikki, which crawl into her mouth and suffocate her.  Scott, Carter, Justin, and Kendra get a text from Mike's phone, sent by Travis, to meet him and Nikki in a hotel room. When they get there, everyone is kidnapped by Travis and wake up in individual cells along with Victor. The two guards take Justin away, and Carter calls the guard, and informs them that he is also a client. After he shows his Elite Hunting Club tattoo, the guards let him go.  Justin is strapped into a chair and Carter, Flemming, and Travis watch as a woman shoots him with multiple crossbows. The main event starts and Scott is strapped into a chair. He asks Carter why he is doing this, and Carter reveals he wants Amy for himself, as they were in a relationship before she ended up with Scott. Carter says he was disappointed that Amy stayed with Scott after Carter told her about Scott's infidelity. He says that once Scott dies, he will comfort Amy and she will want to be with him.  Flemming orders Scott to be let go from the chair, and Scott and Carter fight. Scott ends up stabbing Carter, cuts off Carter's tattoo, and then escapes by using Carter's tattoo on the scanners. Victor kills one of the guards and frees himself, but is killed by another guard. Scott calls the cops and frees Kendra, who is shot dead by Travis. Flemming orders all of the prisoners to be killed. Scott and Travis fight, and Scott kills Travis. Flemming sets the building to explode and attempts to drive away, but Carter kills him and takes his car. Carter sees Scott and locks the front gate before Scott can get to him. He then quickly drives off while the building explodes, with Scott still inside the gates.  Sometime later, Carter is comforting Amy in her house. After inviting him to stay the night, Amy reveals that Scott is still alive and pins Carter's hand to a chair with a corkscrew. A burned Scott appears and the pair strap him to a chair in her garage, where Scott kills him with a lightweight gas powered tiller.

Production.

In June 2008, it was announced that Scott Spiegel, one of the executive producers of "Hostel" and "", was in talks to direct a third film in the series. In July 2009, Eli Roth confirmed that he would not be directing "Hostel: Part III". "Total Film" later reported that Eli Roth would be involved, albeit as producer only, and that the film will abandon the European locations of the previous films in favor of an American setting, by the release of the film however Roth was not credited. A trailer for the film was released in October 2011 confirming the film's Las Vegas setting.

Release.

There were meant to be many viral marketing tools attached to the film including a collection of QR codes that would, if scanned, give exclusive content. One can be seen at 1:09:26 in the film. Due to the film's negative reception from test audiences however, the marketing campaign was dropped. Scanning the code now results in the phrase "top left 8" being displayed.  "Hostel: Part III" was released on DVD and Video on demand on December 27, 2011 in the United States, and on January 18, 2012 in Europe.  On review aggregator Rotten Tomatoes, the film holds an approval rating of 67% based on six reviews, with an average rating of 6.25/10.

Hostel: Part III is a 2011 American horror film directed by Scott Spiegel and the third and final installment of the "Hostel" trilogy. It was written by Michael D. Weiss. This is the only film in the series to not have Eli Roth involved in the production, and is also the only not to have a theatrical release. The film also relocates the Elite Hunting Club from Slovakia to Las Vegas.

Hostel, chapitre III ("Hostel: Part III") ou L'Auberge 3 au Québec, est un film d'horreur américain réalisé par Scott Spiegel et produit par Eli Roth, sorti en direct-to-video en 2011. Il fait suite aux films "Hostel" et "Hostel, chapitre II" et est le dernier volet de la série.


Services.

Services on the Utsunomiya Line are typically divided into three categories: services to or from Ueno, Shōnan-Shinjuku Line services, and Ueno-Tokyo Line services. Between Ueno and Ōmiya, trains share the track with the Takasaki Line, both of which serve as "de facto" express services compared to the parallel Keihin-Tōhoku Line. Northbound services mostly terminate at or, with some at, and very few at. Southbound trains mostly travel through the Shōnan-Shinjuku Line to on the Yokosuka Line, or the Ueno-Tokyo Line to on the Tokaido Line, with very few terminating at Ueno.  The fastest service on the line, the rapid "Rabbit", makes the run between Ueno and Utsunomiya in 1 hour and 26 minutes.  Service on the line is generally divided at Utsunomiya, though the number of through trains has been increasing steadily over the years. South of Utsunomiya, 10- and 15-car E231/E233 series four-door suburban commuter EMUs with Green cars attached service the line, while to the north service is provided chiefly by 4-car 205-600 series four-door EMUs.

Limited express.

Limited express services use the line, including:

Local/rapid services.

Commuter rapid.

Commuter rapid services for Utsunomiya make fewer stops than the "Rabbit" rapid services described below. They are operated only on weekday evenings, between Ueno and Utsunomiya. Trains depart Ueno between 18:00 and 22:00, and Utsunomiya between 16:00 and 21:00, with approximately one round-trip per hour. All trains are E231/E233 series 10- or 15-car EMUs.

Rapid "Rabbit".

Since March 2015, Rapid "Rabbit" services now run from on the Tokaido Line, through the Ueno-Tokyo Line, to Utsunomiya. This service stops at every station on the Tokaido Line, and skips some stations on the Utsunomiya Line. "Rabbit" trains were first operated by the Japanese National Railways as an hourly/half-hourly rapid service. Since October 2004, however, "Rabbit" services run only twice during the morning; on weekends, they replace the weekday commuter rapid service. Trains are E231/E233 series EMUs.

Rapid "Acty".

Since March 2015, with the Ueno-Tokyo Line opening, Tokaido Line Rapid "Acty" services now run up along the Utsunomiya Line. Services stop at every station on the Utsunomiya Line, and skips some stations on the Tokaido Line.

Local.

Local trains run four times hourly; one of those terminates at Koganei, while the rest terminate at Utsunomiya. During the morning peak, Ueno-bound trains run at intervals of 4–6 minutes. Services are provided by E231/E233 series 10- or 15-car EMUs.

Shōnan-Shinjuku Line services.

Within the Utsunomiya Line, Shōnan-Shinjuku Line rapid and local trains are each operated once per hour. They do not stop at Saitama-Shintoshin Station since it has no platforms available. All trains are 10- or 15-car E231/E233 series EMUs. They operate between Zushi and Utsunomiya.

Rapid.

Rapid trains operate once hourly, making limited stops. The travel time between Shinjuku and Utsunomiya is about 1 hour and 35 minutes.

Local.

Local trains operate once hourly (twice hourly during the morning), stopping at all stations. The travel time between Shinjuku and Ōmiya is about 32 minutes.

Utsunomiya – Kuroiso services.

Between Utsunomiya and Kuroiso, local and rapid trains stop at every station. Trains operate approximately three times per hour, traveling between Utsunomiya and Kuroiso in approximately 50 minutes. Most trains are 205-600 series EMUs.

Past services.

"Home Liner Koga".

Two trains bound for Koga depart Ueno every weekday evening. Passengers can board only at Ueno; all other stations are for disembarking only. Stops include: Ueno, Urawa, Ōmiya, Higashi-Ōmiya, Hasuda, Kuki, and Koga. Service is provided by 7-car 185 series and 9-car 489 series EMUs.

Station list.

Legends:

Rolling stock.

Utsunomiya—Kuroiso.

From March 2013, a fleet of eight refurbished 4-car 205 series EMUs was phased in on Utsunomiya Line services between Koganei and Kuroiso, replacing 211 series sets.

The is the name given to a 159.9 kilometre section of the Tōhoku Main Line between Ueno Station in Tokyo and Kuroiso Station in Nasushiobara, Tochigi, Japan. It is part of the East Japan Railway Company (JR East) network. Service on the line has been extended to Tokyo Station via the Ueno-Tokyo Line.

La est le nom donné à ligne principale Tōhoku entre les gares d'Ueno à Tokyo et Kuroiso à Nasushiobara. Elle appartient au réseau de la JR East.


Facilities.

The City House, located at 180 Central Park South, is a large, cavernous building built in the early twentieth century which offers panoramic views of Central Park. Designed by Charles W. Clinton, the 24-floor facility includes two restaurants, a cocktail lounge, library, ballroom, billiard room, meeting rooms, rooftop solarium, and eight floors of guest rooms for members and club guests. The athletic training floors include a swimming pool, basketball courts, boxing rings, a fencing and wrestling room, judo floor, and squash courts.  Named for Wall Street businessman William R. Travers who arranged for its purchase in 1886, Travers Island is the NYAC's summer facility on Long Island Sound. It consists of the main house, other buildings and facilities that sit on of landscaped grounds. Centered around the Main House, the Olympic-sized salt water pool, and accompanying cabanas, Travers Island extends the range of NYAC sports to include tennis, rowing, yachting, outdoor swimming and diving, a children's day camp, rugby, soccer, croquet, and lacrosse.  Travers Island is located in Westchester County, New York, and straddles the border of New Rochelle and Pelham Manor, between Neptune Island, Glen Island, and Hunter Island.

History.

In 1866, William Buckingham Curtis, Harry Buermeyer, and John C. Babcock opened a gymnasium on the corner of 6th Avenue and 14th Street in their New York City apartment, after discussing the rapid rise of organized athletics in England. Interest in their gym grew, and the three men decided to found the New York Athletic Club on September 8, 1868. The club was modeled after the London Athletic Club. Their goal was to sponsor athletic competitions in the New York area, and to keep official records for different sports. The NYAC was established on September 8, 1868. Its Constitution and Bylaws were adopted in December 1868. In the beginning there was no initiation fee, but $10 was required for the first six months of dues.  In 1879, at which time it had 170 members, it published rules in various amateur sports, including fencing, sparring, and Greco-Roman wrestling. The NYAC can be considered the foundation for amateur athletics in the United States. It was the first organization to compile and apply a code of rules for the government of athletic meetings, the first to offer prizes for open amateur games, and the first to hold an amateur championship.  NYAC members have won 119 Olympic gold medals, 53 silver medals, and 59 bronze medals. Presently, the NYAC has top-ranked competitors in wrestling, judo, rowing, fencing, water polo and track and field, among other sports. Forty NYAC members competed for three countries at the 2008 Olympic Games in Beijing, winning 16 medals. From 1896 to 1912 (a span counting 16 consecutive seasons) the New York Athletic Club had a team represented in the American Amateur Hockey League and played its games at the St. Nicholas Rink at 69 West 66th Street in Manhattan. The NYAC ice hockey branch won league championship honors four times: in 1896–97, 1897–98, 1908–09 and 1909–10. Canadian hockey player Tom Howard, who won the Stanley Cup with the Winnipeg Victorias in February 1896, played four season with the team between 1899 and 1903.

Mercury Cup series.

The NYAC's Mercury Cup series is the premier regional fencing event in North America. The series includes a number of épée and sabre tournaments, ending each season with the "Epeepalooza" and "Sabrage" events. Competitors earn points based on final placements at each tournament, with the champion being the highest-ranked fencer at the conclusion of the season.  Mercury Cup champions Individual event champions 2005–2006 Épée series  Mercury Cup #1: Noah Zucker Mercury Cup #2: Alexander Abend Mercury Cup #3: Alexander Abend Mercury Cup #4: Mykhaylo Mokretsov Mercury Cup #5: Alexander Abend Mercury Cup #6: Alex Tsinis  2006–2007 Épée series Mercury Cup #1: Alexander Abend Mercury Cup #2: Alexander Abend Mercury Cup #3: Soren Thompson Mercury Cup #4: Alexander Abend Mercury Cup #5: Brendan Baby Mercury Cup #6: Tommi Hurme  2007–2008 Épée series Mercury Cup #1: Alexander Abend Mercury Cup #2: Bas Verwijlen Mercury Cup #3: Tommi Hurme Mercury Cup #4: Jon Normile Mercury Cup #5: Jon Normile  2008–2009 Épée series Mercury Cup #1: Alex Tsinis Mercury Cup #2: Jon Normile Mercury Cup #3: Jon Normile  2007–2008 Sabre series Mercury Cup #1: Sergey Isayenko Mercury Cup #2: Ben Igoe Mercury Cup #3: Sergey Isayenko  2008–2009 Sabre series Mercury Cup #1: Ben Igoe Mercury Cup #2: Ben Igoe Mercury Cup #3: Daryl Homer

Other notable events.

In November 2003, the club was the site of a four-game chess match between Garry Kasparov and the computer program X3D Fritz. In June 2004, the club played host to the final play-offs of the United States National Snooker Championship, and in May 2017 it played host to the entire event.

Sports teams.

The NYAC currently fields 22 different teams for the following sports:

Controversies over admissions.

The New York Athletic Club was, for most of its history, a men’s club with the purpose to "promote manly sports." A New York City law was passed in 1984 requiring "the admission of women to large, private clubs that play an important role in business and professional life." The NYAC was among a number of clubs that challenged the law as a violation of the First Amendment of the U.S. Constitution guaranteeing the right to freedom of association. The case made it all the way to the United States Supreme Court where, in June, 1988 the United States Supreme Court. held that the various clubs who had brought the suit were too dissimilar for the court to decide the case and remanded the case back to the District Court (this has sometimes been incorrectly reported as upholding the ban). Facing the high litigation costs of starting the case over on its own, the NYAC changed its by-laws and voluntarily admitted some female members in 1989.  There were also unsubstantiated claims, over the years, that the club discriminated against blacks and Jews. In 1936, Olympian Marty Glickman was turned away in the lobby by the NYAC's Athletic Director when he sought to join his fellow runner and work out at the club. Glickman believed this was because he was Jewish. In the mid-1950s, New York City Councilman Earl D. Brown, a Manhattan Democrat, refused to attend an outing at a NYAC facility, to protest the fact that the club: "discriminates against Negroes and Jews on its track team". The "Race Relations Reporter" reported that a spokesman for the NYAC, Mr. Alfred Foster, "admitted that the club has no Jewish or Negro athletes on its teams". However, they also reported the club secretary saying the club did have some Jewish members.  In February 1962, New York City Mayor Robert F. Wagner, Jr. quit the NYAC due to allegations that it barred blacks and Jews. Woody Allen had a joke about a Jewish couple that was dressed as a moose and was shot and stuffed and mounted at the NYAC, with his punch line being "And the joke is on them, because it is restricted."  In May 1964, the club was picketed by demonstrators from the Congress for Racial Equality who shouted slogans calling for integration of Negroes and Jews. In the late 1960s, members of The Olympic Project for Human Rights organized black athletes to boycott events held at the NYAC on the grounds that the club excluded Blacks and Jews from membership. Olympian Byron Dyce, with the NYU track team and most Black athletes, boycotted the NYAC Games at Madison Square Garden in February 1968 to protest the club's discriminatory membership policies. A 500-600-person crowd protested the club's exclusionary practices outside the Games, with picketers charging police who swung their nightsticks at the picketers in reaction, with each at times knocking the others to the ground. At the same time, fifty alumni of Notre Dame encouraged their fellow alumni to resign from the club unless it explained its exclusion of non-Whites and Jews. In June 1970, columnist Nat Hentoff criticized Ted Sorensen, who was running in the primary election for the Democratic nomination for U.S. Senator from New York, because Sorensen had lived for a time at the NYAC, writing: "what kind of man would "choose" to live in one of this city's redoubts of bigotry?"  In March 1981, prior to a press conference at the NYAC, Muhammad Ali picked up the microphone to test it out and said: "Ladies and Gentlemen, the Jews and niggers and all the other members of the NAACP welcome you to the NYAC." In 1989, Olympic gold medal winner Antonio McKay became the first Black track and field athlete to compete for the NYAC.

The New York Athletic Club is a private social club and athletic club in New York City. Founded in 1868, the club has approximately 8,600 members and two facilities: the City House, located at 180 Central Park South in Manhattan; and Travers Island in Westchester County. Membership in the club is by invitation only.

Le <dfn></dfn> (abrévié NYAC ; en ) est à la base un Gentlemen's club devenu club d'athlétisme fondé en 1868. Il compte actuellement environ 8 600 membres et est basé dans le Midtown à Manhattan au 180 Central Park South.


Life.

Charles de Hovyne, son of Laurent de Hovyne, counsel to the States of Tournai, was baptized in the church of St Jacques, Tournai, on 20 April 1596. After studying civil law at Leuven University, he became a barrister in pleas before the Great Council of Mechelen, and in 1628 a member of the court. In 1642 he became a privy councillor, and in 1647 a councillor of state. In 1653 he replaced Pierre Roose as president of the Privy Council.  He died at Brussels on 13 April 1671, and was buried in the Chapel Church, where a monumental tomb designed by Jan van Delen was erected.  He was married to Marie de Gaule with whom he had two sons: Laurent de Hovynes, who became a member of the Council of Brabant, and Charles de Hovyne, who became chancellor of Leuven University.

Writings.

For the benefit of the King of Spain, ruler of the Habsburg Netherlands, he composed a "Mémoire touchant la forme du gouvernement politique des Pays-Bas, et des conseils et officiers qui en composent le ministère" (Memorandum touching the form of political government of the Low Countries, and the councils and officers that make up the ministry). Several manuscript copies are preserved in the Royal Library of Belgium. At an unknown date (postulated variously to be 1623, 1662 or 1685) a modified version of this was published in Leiden by Abraham Gogar as "Gouvernement politique des provinces des Pays-Bas sous l'obéissance de Sa Majesté Catholique" (Political government of the provinces of the Low Countries under obedience to His Catholic Majesty).  Accusations of corruption and abuse of his office were levelled against Hovyne in 1664. While successful in his defence, he felt the court had not gone far enough in exonerating him. He therefore wrote a remonstrance to put his side of the case in full: "Humble remonstrance et briefve déduction de Messire Charles Hovyne du Conseil d'Estat et chef-président du Conseil privé de Sa Majesté", printed in 1668 without specifying place or printer.

Charles de Hovyne (1596–1671), lord of Gouvernies, Granbray, Winckel, Steenkercke, etc., was president of the Brussels Privy Council from 1653 to 1671, and a key participant in and commentator upon the government of the Habsburg Netherlands.

Le chevalier Charles d'Hovyne (ou d'Hovine, d'Hovynes, de Hovines), en latin Carolus de Hovyne, baron de Douillen, seigneur de Gouvernies (commune de Quartes), de Bourghelles, de Steenkerke, de Granbray, de Winckele, etc., baptisé à Tournai le et mort à Bruxelles le, est un magistrat et homme d'État des Pays-Bas méridionaux.


History of the Saint-Petersburg Exchange.

The Stock exchange “Saint-Petersburg” was founded in accordance with requirements of the Federal Law “On Securities Market” on the basis of stock exchange department of CJSC “Exchange “Saint-Petersburg” in April 1997, having received Stock Exchange License No1 in Russia from Financial Markets Federal Agency.  The first financial instruments, listed in the Stock exchange “Saint-Petersburg”, were shares of joint-stock companies, bonds, commercial banks CD’s, municipal bonds of Saint-Petersburg, Moscow, Omsk and Orenburg, Treasury obligations of Russian Federation Ministry of finances, Government loan bonds.  In accordance with Russian Federation Government order No654 the Stock exchange “Saint-Petersburg” became one of the four stock exchanges, authorized to organize trades of JSC "Gazprom" shares. A significant development of shares trades in the Stock exchange “Saint-Petersburg” was caused by a start-up of joint-project together with the RTS - Russian Trading System Stock Exchange, called “Shares market”, in which the Stock Exchange “Saint-Petersburg” is an organizer of trades, the RTS is a clearing center. At that moment listing contained shares of 250 emitters, beside JSC “Gazprom” shares.  Main joint-projects of RTS and the Stock Exchange “Saint-Petersburg”, which were carried out with success and were highly appreciated by market and investment society, were organization of JSC “Gazprom” shares trades through the RTS terminals and FORTS (futures and options) derivatives market. After combining efforts, both Stock Exchanges became absolute leaders in these segments of financial market.  As a part of its further development, in January 2010 Non-profit Partnership Stock Exchange “Saint-Petersburg” completed the process or its reorganization into Open Joint-Stock Company “Saint-Petersburg Exchange”, which allowed 250 professional participants in the securities market to become shareholders of the sole stock exchange in North-Western region of Russian Federation.

Stock Market in JSC “Saint-Petersburg Exchange”.

Open Joint-Stock Company “Saint-Petersburg Exchange” became the legal successor of Stock exchange “Saint-Petersburg” and continued to trade JSC “Gazprom” shares for all its participants. Today, JSC “Saint-Petersburg” is the only exchange which has JSC “Gazprom” shares in its listing.  Together RTS and JSC “Saint-Petersburg” began to develop a new project called QUIN (Qualified Investors) – trading of instruments, intended for participants with the status of “Qualified investor”.

Derivatives Market in JSC “Saint-Petersburg Exchange”.

In February 2011 JSC “Saint-Petersburg exchange” and JSC “RTS Stock Exchange” carried out a joint project on organization of trading of commodities futures. In this project organizer of trading is JSC “Saint-Petersburg exchange”, clearing organization is CJSC “CC RTS”, settlement organization is “Settlement Chamber RTS”. Trading is carried out on the basis of trade system and risk-management system of FORTS derivatives market. It ensures the principle of single money position in all markets for the participants of trading.  The first instrument in this project was futures contract on wheat, quoted in rubles (trade code: GR). To calculate settlement price a leading market indicator is used, estimated on the basis of Wheat Futures contract of CBOT (included into CME group).  The next instrument in the development of project became calculated futures on diesel fuel (trade code: DS). Futures contract do not include physical delivery of diesel fuel but it is settled by money accounting, in connection with “KORTES-Gasoil” index. The next instruments of the project became futures contracts on corn, soy-beans, cotton, and gasoil.

The Stock Exchange Saint-Petersburg (SPBEX) is located in Saint Petersburg, Russia. The stock exchange was founded on January 31, 1991, and it is now the third most active stock exchange in Russia by volume, and the largest outside of Moscow. SPBEX is located on 26th Line near Bolshoi Prospekt on Vasilievsky Island.

La bourse de Saint-Pétersbourg (en, aussi connue sous son nom anglais de "Saint Petersburg Stock Exchange") est une bourse d'échange située à Saint-Pétersbourg en Russie. Cette bourse a été créée en 1997.


Early life.

Darby was born in Auckland and brought up in its Pakuranga suburb. He attended Edgewater College. A former soldier (signaller trained in morse code), he left the New Zealand Army in 1994 and began studies at the University of Canterbury. In 1996 he formed a comedy duo, Rhysently Granted, with Grant Lobban. After winning an open mic contest at Southern Blues Bar in Christchurch, they began performing at local venues.

Career.

Rhysently Granted performed at two international comedy festivals which led to Darby moving back to Auckland to seek more solo stand-up experience. After performing his first solo show at the 2002 Edinburgh Festival Fringe, Darby moved to the UK to pursue his career further.  In 2004 he appeared in the Flight of the Conchords BBC radio series as the band's manager Brian Nesbit alongside comedy stars such as Rob Brydon, Andy Parsons and Jimmy Carr. Darby plays Murray, the band's manager, on Flight of the Conchords TV show. He provided vocals for the track "Leggy Blonde" on their self-titled first album and also in the second series of the show on the track "Rejected" during the episode "A Good Opportunity" alongside tenor Andrew Drost.  Darby played the role of Norman, the boss of Jim Carrey's character in "Yes Man". In July 2008 he appeared in a Nike advertisement featuring Roger Federer; he played an impostor posing as Federer's coach.  He appeared on a British children's television program "The Slammer" during its first season. He also appeared in several advertisements for New Zealand mobile phone company 2degrees. He appeared on Soccer AM on 18 October 2008 and on "Never Mind The Buzzcocks" on 23 October. The DVD of his live performance "Imagine That!" has gone platinum in New Zealand.  Rhys Darby's hair colour is self-described as "Electric Copper" in the episode of "Flight of the Conchords" entitled "Murray Takes It to the Next Level". He refers to this in his stand-up show "It's Rhys Darby Night" which he performed at the Edinburgh Festival Fringe from 6–15 August 2009, The Bloomsbury Theatre in London from 27 July–1 August and toured around New Zealand with in October and November that year.  Darby played the role of Angus in the Richard Curtis film "The Boat That Rocked" released in the UK on 1 April 2009. This film was released in some countries in November 2009 under the name "Pirate Radio".  In 2009 while home in New Zealand he began filming TV ads for NZ's new mobile network 2degrees and appearing in NZ shows Rocked the Nation 2, Jaquie Brown Diaries and Intrepid Journeys. He has also branched out into producing live comedy with his wife and their company "Awesomeness International". At the NZ International Comedy Festival they produced shows for local comedians. Darby became a climate ambassador for Greenpeace in its Sign On climate campaign and published a poem on Youtube in support of the campaign.  In 2009 Darby became a part of the New Zealand TV ONE series "Intrepid Journeys", Season 5, touring Rwanda. On 10 August 2010, "Entertainment Weekly" claimed that Darby was in consideration for a role in the television series "The Office" after Steve Carell left at the end of the 2011 season, however this did not materialise.  In May 2011, he also filmed a pilot for a Channel 4 sitcom in the UK, "The Fun Police". The pilot was broadcast on 16 September. In 2011, Darby and family moved to the US for Darby to take a role in the CBS sitcom "How to Be a Gentleman". Darby's second DVD "It's Rhys Darby Night!" was released in NZ on 12 December 2011.  He wrote a self-described "autobiographical space novel" entitled "This Way to Spaceship", which was released on 12 April 2012. On 20 May 2012, Darby was awarded the Fred Award by the New Zealand International Comedy Festival for his show of the same name as his book.  In 2013 he was responsible for flying 'Cornish rappers' hedluv + passman to New Zealand for the New Zealand International Comedy Festival, this was followed by an appearance on "Seven Sharp", where he introduced 'his rappers' to the New Zealand public.  Darby summited Mt Kilimanjaro in July 2013 as part of a World Vision team of celebrities that included Olympian Mahé Drysdale and musician Boh Runga. On 8 November 2013, Darby made an appearance and performed some standup comedy in his capacity as second guest on the "Late Show with David Letterman". He portrayed Anton in the 2014 release comedy horror film "What We Do in the Shadows".  As of July 2014, Darby and his family reside in Los Angeles, California.  In February 2016, he played Guy Mann in the third episode ("Mulder and Scully Meet the Were-Monster") of season 10 of "The X-Files". Darby, a long time fan of the show, was thrilled by his experience on set. He saw this as an opportunity that only comes around every so often and said he'd return to the set the first chance he received.

Rhys Montague Darby (born 21 March 1974) is a New Zealand actor, comedian and voice actor known for his energetic physical comedy routines, telling stories accompanied with mime and sound effects of things such as machinery and animals. He was nominated for the Billy T Award in 2001 and 2002. He also won the 2012 Fred (Dagg) award at the New Zealand International Comedy Festival, for best NZ show.

Rhys Montague Darby est un acteur et humoriste néo-zélandais, né le à Auckland. Son rôle de Murray Hewitt dans la série télévisée "Flight of the Conchords" lui a valu une certaine notoriété, et lui a ainsi permis de commencer sa carrière à Hollywood. Il est marié à Rosie Carnahan, a deux enfants, Finn et Théo, et vit désormais aux États-Unis, à Los Angeles.


Orbit and classification.

"Jacqueline" is a non-family asteroid of the main belt's background population when applying the hierarchical clustering method to its proper orbital elements. It orbits the Sun in the intermediate asteroid belt at a distance of 2.4–2.8 AU once every 4 years and 3 months (1,536 days; semi-major axis of 2.61 AU). Its orbit has an eccentricity of 0.08 and an inclination of 8° with respect to the ecliptic. The asteroid's earliest preserved observation dates back to 7 March 1924 at Heidelberg Observatory, where the body's observation arc begins in February 1928, nearly four years after its official discovery observation at Algiers–Bouzaréah.

Naming.

This minor planet was named after Jacqueline Zadoc-Kahn Eisenmann (1904–1998), a French physicist and long-time student of Jekhowsky's. The was mentioned in "The Names of the Minor Planets" by Paul Herget in 1955 ().

Physical characteristics.

In the Bus–Binzel SMASS classification, "Jacqueline" is a common, carbonaceous C-type asteroid.

Rotation period.

In May 2000, a rotational lightcurve of "Jacqueline" was obtained from photometric observations by American photometrist Robert Stephens at the Santana Observatory in California. Analysis of the classically shaped bimodal lightcurve gave a well-defined rotation period of hours and a brightness variation of magnitude, indicative of a non-spheroidal shape (). Other measurements by Eric Barbotin and by astronomers at the Palomar Transient Factory gave a similar period of 7.873 and 7.875 hours with an amplitude of 0.72 and 0.43 magnitude, respectively ().  In 2016, a lightcurve was published using modeled photometric data from the Lowell Photometric Database. It gave a concurring sidereal period of 7.87149 hours, as well as two spin axes of (7.0°, 55.0°) and (170.0°, 65.0°) in ecliptic coordinates (λ, β).

Diameter and albedo.

According to the surveys carried out by the Infrared Astronomical Satellite IRAS, the Japanese Akari satellite and the NEOWISE mission of NASA's Wide-field Infrared Survey Explorer, "Jacqueline" measures (), () and () kilometers in diameter and its surface has an albedo of (), () and (), respectively. The "Collaborative Asteroid Lightcurve Link" derives an albedo of 0.0497 and a diameter of 37.61 kilometers based on an absolute magnitude of 11.0.  Alternative mean-diameter measurements published by the WISE team include (), (), (), () and () with corresponding albedos of (), (), (), () and ().

1017 Jacqueline ("prov. designation": "or" ) is a dark background asteroid from the central regions of the asteroid belt. It was discovered on 4 February 1924, by Russian-French astronomer Benjamin Jekhowsky at the Algiers Observatory, Algeria, in North Africa. The carbonaceous C-type asteroid has a rotation period of 7.87 hours with a high brightness amplitude of 0.6 magnitude and measures approximately in diameter. It was named after the French physicist and long-time pupil of the discoverer, Jacqueline Zadoc-Kahn Eisenmann (1904–1998).

(1017) Jacqueline est un astéroïde de la ceinture principale découvert le par l'astronome franco-russe Benjamin Jekhowsky. Sa désignation provisoire était 1924 QL.


Etymology.

The generic name of "Tianyuraptor" combines "Tianyu", referring to the Shandong Tianyu Museum of Nature where the holotype specimen is stored, with "raptor", the Latin word for 'robber', referring to the action of grabbing prey, often used in naming dromaeosaurids. The specific epithet, "ostromi", is in honor of John Ostrom, who contributed greatly to the study of dromaeosaurid fossils, including "Deinonychus" and feathered dinosaurs.

Description.

"Tianyuraptor" is a medium-sized dromaeosaurid that has several derived features that separate it from other dromaeosaurids. These include the length of the middle caudal (tail) vertebrae being more than twice that of the dorsal (back) vertebrae, a small and extremely slender furcula, and an unusually long hindlimb that is roughly three times as long as the entire series of dorsal vertebrae. As in other dromaeosaurid fossils discovered in Liaoning, the tail is relatively long at, nearly 4.8 times as long as the femur.  The type specimen is STM1–3, a nearly complete and fully articulated skeleton that is only missing the extreme distal end of the tail. A total of 25 fully articulated caudal vertebrae are preserved and at the end three at most are estimated to be missing. The fossil was discovered in the Dawangzhangzi Bed of the Yixian Formation (Jehol Group), located in Lingyuan in western Liaoning, China. The Yixian Formation is an Early Cretaceous rock unit, dated to between approximately 129.7 and 122.1 million years old, in the Barremian and Aptian faunal stages. The Dawangzhangzi Bed specifically has been dated to about 122 million years ago. STM1–3 is believed to be a sub-adult, with features including the incomplete fusion of skeletal parts during ontogeny. The holotype of "Tianyuraptor" preserves no soft tissues, unlike many other theropod specimens from the Jehol Group.

Limbs.

The forelimbs are comparatively short, being only 53% of the hindlimbs' length. This differs greatly from the known skeletal elements of other dromaeosaurids, most of which have relatively long forelimbs that are more than 70% of the hindlimbs' length.  While "Tianyuraptor" is larger in size than all other known microraptorines, it also has relatively elongated lower hindlimbs, like other microraptorines. In this regard, it is different from most other dromaeosaurids, which have relatively short lower legs. For example, "Tianyuraptor" has a tibiotarsus/femur length ratio of greater than 1.30, while "Velociraptor mongoliensis", a creature of similar size, exhibits a ratio of less than 1.10. Aside from elongate hind limbs, "Tianyuraptor" is different from other members of Microraptorinae in regards to the relative lengths of the forelimb elements. The forelimbs of Tianyuraptor are proportionally much shorter than those of larger dromaeosaurids. For example, a similar-sized "Velociraptor" specimen shows an arm/leg length ratio of approximately 0.75., while "Tianyuraptor" has an arm/leg ratio of 0.53.

Paleobiology.

The stark difference in arm length compared to other dromaeosaurids implies that the function of the arms in "Tianyuraptor" was different from that of other dromaeosaurs. Members of the subfamily Microraptorinae, such as "Microraptor", have been suggested to have been aerodynamic and may have glided. Microraptorines are usually noted for their long and robust forelimbs and large, asymmetrical flight feathers. However, the shortened forelimbs, small furcula, and the transversely wide coracoid in "Tianyuraptor" suggest that it was not suited for aerodynamic gliding or flight.

Classification.

A phylogenetic analysis performed by Zheng "et al." showed "Tianyuraptor" to be a basal member of a group containing Laurasian dromaeosaurids. "Tianyuraptor" seems to possess several features that are unknown in other Laurasian dromaeosaurids, but which are seen in basal avialans and Gondwanan dromaeosaurids, including "Austroraptor", "Buitreraptor", "Neuquenraptor", "Rahonavis", and "Unenlagia". Zheng and colleagues also noted that "Tianyuraptor" shares some features with the monophyletic subfamily Microraptorinae, though they went on to say that this mixture of features suggests a basal placement for "Tianyuraptor" within Microraptorinae, as evidenced by their phylogenetic analysis which indicated maximum parsimony in six of the 30 results recovered by the analysis. The authors then go on to suggest that since "Tianyuraptor" is considered a short-armed microraptorine, more derived long-armed microraptorines might have independently evolved flight capability. However, it is also equally possible, as argued by Zheng "et al.", that "Tianyuraptor" may in fact be a basal member of a clade containing all other Laurasian dromaeosaurids with the exception of Microraptorinae. This is indicated by the other 24 out of 30 most parsimonious trees recovered from the analysis. The discovery of "Tianyuraptor" sheds new light on the early evolution of dromaeosaurs and further exemplifies the great diversity this group enjoyed at an early stage.

Tianyuraptor is a genus of short-armed dromaeosaurid dinosaur ('running lizard'; a type of small dinosaur considered to be closely related to birds) that lived during the Early Cretaceous, about 122 million years ago. Its remains have been found in western Liaoning, China. It was similar to other dromaeosaurids found in Liaoning, with the exception of being somewhat more primitive. The type specimen, formally named in 2009, shows features not seen in previously known Northern Hemisphere (Laurasian) dromaeosaurids, but present in Southern Hemisphere (Gondwanan) species and early birds. Because of this, the scientists who first studied "Tianyuraptor" described it as a "transitional species", bridging the gap between northern and southern types of dromaeosaurid. "Tianyuraptor" also differs from previously known dromaeosaurids in that it possesses a relatively small furcula ("wishbone"), and unusually short forelimbs.

Tianyuraptor est un genre éteint de dinosaures de la famille des dromaeosauridés qui vivait au Crétacé inférieur en Chine, où il a été découvert dans la formation géologique d'Yixian de la province du Liaoning. Cette formation est datée du Barrémien à l'Aptien inférieur, soit il y a environ entre (millions d'années).


History.

From an archaeological perspective, the settlement's beginnings are not well known. The main sources consist of Old South Arabian musnad inscriptions dated as early as the 1st century BCE. It is mentioned by Pliny in his Natural History, in the anonymous Periplus of the Erythraean Sea (both 1st century CE), as well as in the Geographia of Claudius Ptolemaeus (original 2nd century CE). At some point, presumably the medieval times the coordinates of the Ptolemy map were incorrectly copied or emended so that subsequent maps place the site Sephar metropolis in Oman, not in the Yemen. The Zafar in Yemen is more than 1000 years older than that place-name in Oman, assuming from the evidence in known texts (Smith 2001: 380). Written sources regarding Zafar are numerous, but heterogeneous in informational value. The most important source is epigraphic Old South Arabian. Christian texts shed light on the war between the Himyar and the Aksumites (523 - 525). The "Vita" of Gregentios is a pious forgery created by Byzantine monks, which mentions a bishop who allegedly had his see in Zafar. It contains linguistic usage possibly of the 12th century CE. According to Arab geographer and historian, Al-Hamdani (c. 893-945), Zafar was also known by the name Ḥaql Yaḥḍib ("the field of Yaḥḍib").  Individual finds belong to the Himyarite early period (110 BCE - 270 CE). Rare earlier finds were probably brought to the site from elsewhere. Most of the ruins and finds, however, appear to belong to the empire period (270 - 525). A few post-war Ge'ez inscriptions have survived at the site. From the late/post period identifiable finds are few indeed at Zafar. After this there is little to suggest an occupation until recent times. The excavated finds are important because the texts shed little light on the material culture and art of this age. Moreover, recently the chronology of the main coin series has been attacked.  Already an established big town, Sana'a and its fortress Ghumdan, replaced Zafar as capital probably between 537 and 548. The textual basis is thin regarding this topic. At the same time the archaeological record in Zafar and the surrounding region breaks off. No textual tradition articulates its destruction. Only an Aksumite church was recorded as being destroyed in 523. This church, likely built by the Christian missionary Theophilos the Indian, was destroyed by Dhu Nawas following the Himyarite conversion to Judaism. It was later restored after Aksum's successful invasion on Himyar in 524.  There is evidence that Zafar and settlement in general in the Yemenite highlands declined drastically in the 5th and 6th centuries. Ideally, the viability of the city correlates declines drastically just after a relief of a crowned man was erected in what the excavator terms the Stone Building Site. The date of this relief and its inscription difficult, both perhaps to the mid 5th century. The occurrence in Zafar of ribbed amphorae manufactured in Aqaba/Ayla evidently in order to transport wine, shows the area just north of Aqaba to have been a fruitful agricultural area. On the other hand, D. Fleitmann has studied speliotherms from al-Hootha cave in central Oman and has gathered information for megadroughts especially around 530. These may have afflicted the entire Peninsula.  A rectangular mapped surface area comprises 120 hectares. But the settlement is of uneven density and smaller than this. Zafar is the second largest mapped archaeological site in Arabia after Marib. Ancient settlement occurs inside and outside the ancient city defences. These have been estimated at 4000 metres long. The main fortress today is still referred to as the "Husn Raydan". A text by the medieval Yemenite author al-Hamdani mentions the names of city gates, most of which are named after the town to which they face. The main architectural ruins at Zafar include tombs and on the south-western flank of the Husn Raydan a 30 x 30 m square stone court, as preserved, originally probably a temple, to judge from the accumulation of cattle bones which it contained. It is located immediately north of a subterranean chambers and tombs. Immediately to the north are a row of storage chambers. The Husn Raydan and al-Gusr (standard Arabic: al-Qasr) 300 m to the north were once one fortification inside the city walls. Raydan South also was fortified and the ruined fortifications are best preserved here. Musnad texts mention five royal palaces at Zafar: Hargab, Kallanum, Kawkaban, Shawhatan and Raydan, the state palace. Smaller ones, such as Yakrub, also find mention. Nearby Himyarite period settlements include Maṣna‘at Māriya (ancient Samiʻān) and the Ǧabal al-‘Awd settlement, 25 air km to the south-east.  The city was home to polytheist, Jewish and Christian communities. Jews dominated politically until 525. The ring-stone of Yishak bar Hanina is the earliest possible evidence for Jews in South Arabia. Surprisingly little evidence exists for the actual character and customs of these religions, far distant from their centres. Nor do the artefacts confirm a picture of the actual practices of Judaism and Christianity as we know them today. The vast majority of the sculpture suggests polytheistic belief was dominant in the population. One assumes in terms of religions a mixture of Christians, Jews and polytheists in late pre-Islamic times. An excavated 1.70 m tall image of a crowned figure represents a Christian king that wears an Aksumite-looking crown - the only image of that early religion to survive. At its apex Zafar had a flourishing sculptural industry attested to by a large number of relief fragments. But for a single example, the Heidelberg archaeologists were unable to positively identify churches or chapels on the site which no doubt existed  From the 3rd to mid-6th centuries Zafar was a bustling international centre with a booming local and international trade. Yule estimated a 4th-century population of some 25,000, based partly on the surface area and population density. Evidence of trade comes in the form of Late Roman period amphorae such as that depicted below. Many were produced in Aqaba, Jordan as we know from excavations there. Aqaba was a center where goods were loaded, re-packed and re-exported. About 500 such sherds and vessels came to light in Zafar, the number rivalling that at Adulis and Aqaba. While wine is often mention as an import, livestock, textiles, meat, fish and fish sauce were also imported.  The contemporary environment is vastly inferior to that which provided the resource base for the early Himyarite tribal confederation. Despite some 500 mm precipitation per year, Water is scarce, upland soils are chronically eroded; the tree cover was eliminated perhaps in the empire period. Given the exhaustion of natural resources, civil strife, epidemics and megadroughts the Himyarite period population declined especially in the 6th century. Today, some 450 farmers inhabit the former capital.  Excavations at Ẓafār yielded 19 cultivated species including eight cereals, four oil and fibre plants, three pulses, three fruits and one spice. Hordeum is the most important cereal. The Stone Building also yielded most of 6000 excavated animal bones. The Stone Guilding seems to have functioned as a slaughterhouse.  An early 6th century relief statue has been identified as a king of Byzantine type, perhaps a representation of king Sumūyafaʿ Ashwaʿ.  In 1970, Italian orientalist discovered a Sabaean inscription on a column in Bayt al-Ašwāl near Zafar [Dhofār], whereon is engraved a later writing in Assyrian (Hebrew) script which reads: "The writing of Judah, of blessed memory, Amen shalom amen." The script is believed to date to the 4th-century CE. The inscription attests to the multi-ethnic make-up of the peoples of South Arabia at that time.  Mapping and excavation through the University of Heidelberg continued from 1998 to 2010. In 2002, the site museum was reinstalled. In 2010, the Stone Building site was roofed and conservation measures carried out. Although the site is no longer accessible, there is a Zafar Virtual Museum.

Ẓafār or Dhafar () "" (museum: UTM: 435700E, 1571160 N zone 38P, 14°12'N, 44°24'E, deviating slightly from Google Earth) is an ancient Himyarite site situated in Yemen, some 130 km south-south-east of today's capital, Sana'a, and c. southeast of Yarim. Given mention in several ancient texts, there is little doubt about the pronunciation of the name. Despite the opinion of local patriots in Oman, this site in Yemen is far older than its namesake there. It lies in the Yemenite highlands at some 2800 m. Zafar was the capital of the Himyarites (110 BCE - 525 CE), which at its peak ruled most of the Arabian Peninsula. The Himyar are not a tribe, but rather a tribal confederacy. For 250 years the confederacy and its allies combined territory extended past Riyadh to the north and the Euphrates to the north-east. Zafar was the Himyarite capital in Southern Arabia prior to the Aksumite conquest.

Zafar ou "Dhafar" (arabe : ظفار), "Ðafār" ("ẓfr" en vieux sudarabique), "Tapharon" en grec, et "Sapphar" en latin, est un ancien site himyarite, au Yémen, à environ au sud-sud-est de la capitale Sanaa, à ne pas confondre avec son homonyme omanais plus récent.


Football career.

Brighton & Hove Albion.

Born in Hastings, England, Hammond began his career at Brighton & Hove Albion when he was eleven years and then started in 1998 on YTS forms and started to progress at the club's development squad. Hammond made his Brighton & Hove Albion debut on 6 December 2000, in the first round of the Southern Section of Football League Trophy, in a 2–0 win over Cardiff City. This turned out to be his only appearance in the 2000–01 season.  Following this, Hammond returned to the club's reserve for the next two seasons before signing his first professional contract on 11 May 2002. Following this, Hammond was promoted to the first team at the start of the 2002–03 season. Hammond made his league debut for the club on 14 September 2002, coming on as a late substitute, in a 4–2 loss against Gillingham. Ten days later, on 24 September 2002, he scored his first Brighton & Hove Albion goal, in a 3–1 loss against Ipswich Town in the second round of League Cup. After the match, Manager Martin Hinshelwood praised Hammond's performance, including his first goal for the side. Under the new management of Steve Coppell, Hammond struggled to regain his first team place and never played again for the rest of the 2002–03 season.  In the 2003–04 season, Hammond was loaned out to lower league teams, starting with Aldershot Town during September. After making seven appearance at Aldershot Town, he returned to his parent club despite having intention of extending his loan spell at the club. Following this, Hammond was loaned out to Leyton Orient shortly after. After extending his loan spell for another month with Leyton Orient, and went on to make nine appearance for the side. At the end of the 2003–04 season, Hammond was offered a new contract.  He was given a six-month ultimatum at the start of the 2004–05 season by then manager Mark McGhee. However, Hammond suffered an injury in the pre–season friendly that saw him sidelined at the start of the 2004–05 season. After returning to the first team from injury, Hammond was given a handful of first team appearances and making a huge impression, resulting him signing a contract until the end of the next season. Despite being on the substitute bench between October and March, he became a first team regular as a midfielder for the rest of the season and then scored his first league goal for the club on 16 March 2005, in a 4–2 loss against Wigan Athletic. Hammond scored again on 16 April 2005, in a 1–1 draw against Burnley, followed up by scoring twice, in a 2–2 draw against West Ham United on 23 April 2005. At the end of the 2004–05 season, Hammond finished the season making 30 appearances and scoring 4 times in all competitions.  At the beginning of the 2005–06 season, Hammond was handed the vacant number 11 shirt at the club, and became a first-team regular, either playing on the left hand side of midfield or in his preferred natural position of central midfield. He then started the 2005–06 season well when he scored the opening game of the season, in a 1–1 draw against Derby County and then scored again a week later, in a 2–2 draw against Crewe. For his good form at the club led him to sign a contract extension, keeping him until 2008. By the end of 2005, he went on to score two more goals against Ipswich Town and Millwall. However, Hammond received two red cards this season, with both of them came as a second bookable offence. Despite suffering setbacks from injury and suspension, Hammond went on to make 41 appearances scoring four times in all competitions.  In the 2006–07 season, Hammond was handed the captain's armband at the club after injuries to both Richard Carpenter and Charlie Oatway. He started the 2006–07 season well when he scored his first goal of the season, in a 2–2 draw against Brentford on 12 August 2006. His second goal then came on 12 September 2006, in a 2–2 draw against Bournemouth. By the end of 2006, Hammond went on to score four more goals against Bradford City, Cheltenham Town (twice) and Oldham Athletic. After being sidelined with injury and suspension, Hammond became the new official club captain after Carpenter was released by Brighton at the end of January 2007. Weeks after being appointed as a new captain, Hammond scored two goals in two matches between 13 February 2007 and 17 February 2007 against Leyton Orient and Nottingham Forest. However, he suffered a hamstring injury that ruled him out for the rest of the season. Hammond also scored three times in cup competitions, with two came from Football League Trophy against Boston United and MK Dons, while the other one came from FA Cup against Stafford Rangers. Hammond finished the 2006–07 season making 39 appearances and scoring 11 times, making him the top–scorer both in the league and in all competitions. For his performance, Hammond was named the club's player of the year this season.  Ahead of the 2007–08 season, Hammond returned from injury in the pre–season. At the start of the 2007–08 season, he started the season well, scoring on his 100th league appearance start on 18 August 2007, in a 2–1 win over Northampton Town. Two weeks later, on 1 September 2007, Hammond scored again, in a 3–2 win over Southend United, followed up by scoring in a 3–0 win over Millwall in the next game. Two weeks later, on 22 September 2007, Hammond scored his fourth goal of the season, in a 2–1 loss against Yeovil Town. It wasn't until on 20 November 2007 when he scored again in the FA Cup round, in a 2–1 win over Cheltenham Town. On 15 December 2007, Hammond scored his fifth league goal of the season, in a 3–0 win over Swindon Town. However, as the 2007–08 season progressed, Hammond one-year remaining on his contact at the Withdean, manager Dean Wilkins was keen to offer Hammond a new deal, with the club and representatives for the player beginning talks in October 2007. During January 2008, it was revealed that Hammond would only sign a new deal for the club if they showed the ambition of returning to the Championship. In the final months to his departure, Hammond was sent–off on his last appearance for a straight red card, just ten minutes into the game, in a 1–1 draw against Oldham Athletic. When the £300,000 capture of striker Glenn Murray from Rochdale failed to change Hammond's mind, the club placed him on the transfer list with little more than a week of the transfer window remaining.

Colchester United.

On 30 January 2008, Brighton accepted an offer of £250,000 plus add-ons for the player. Hammond completed the deal the following day, moving to Colchester United.  However, Hammond suffered a setback since moving to Colchester United, as he suffered a calf injury, delaying his Colchester United. It wasn't until on 23 February 2008 when he finally made his Colchester United debut, coming on as second-half substitute, in a 2–1 loss against Bristol City. Since making his Colchester United debut, Hammond established himself in the first team there at the club, but subsequently unable to help the club survive relegation and went on to make 13 appearances.  Ahead of the 2008–09 season, Hammond dismissed suggestions that he would leave Colchester United following their relegation and stated that he was given an opportunity to play. Nevertheless, Hammond continued to be a first team regular at Colchester United and then scored his first Colchester United goal on 25 October 2008, in a 5–0 win over Carlisle United. Following Chris Coyne's absent from the first team, Hammond was appointed captain in December for the rest of the season. Weeks after being given the captain role, Hammond scored again to give Colchester United their first ever win against Leeds United at Elland Road. It wasn't until on 17 January 2009 when he scored his third Colchester United goal, in a 3–1 win over Cheltenham Town. After missing out for one game, due to injury, Hammond scored on his return from injury, in a 2–2 draw against Huddersfield Town on 3 March 2009. Following the match, Hammond's return was praised by Manager Paul Lambert, describing him as "terrific". For the rest of the season, Hammond continued to be a first team regular, resulting him being named the club's Player of the Year and Gazette Player of the Year award. At the end of the season, Hammond finished his full season at Colchester United making 43 appearances and scoring 5 times in all competitions.  In the 2009–10 season, Hammond found himself in the transfer speculation when Colchester United accepted a bid from Southampton, having previously turned down two bids from them. Amid to the transfer move to Southampton, Hammond made three appearances in all competitions, including a 7–1 win over Norwich City in the opening game of the season. Hammond made 63 appearances during his time with The U's, scoring 5 times in all competitions before his move to St. Mary's.

Southampton.

On 19 August 2009, Hammond signed a three-year contract with Southampton for an undisclosed fee. As a result of moving to Southampton, his former club, Brighton, received a 20% of any profit as part of the clause following his move to Colchester United a year before.  Hammond made his Southampton debut on 22 August 2009, where he made his first start and played the whole game, in a 1–1 draw against Brentford. Since making his Southampton debut, Hammond became a first team regular. It wasn't until on 17 October 2009 when Hammond scored his first goal against Oldham Athletic, and made the scoresheet again a week later, against Milton Keynes Dons. In November 2009, it was announced that Hammond was appointed as the new Southampton captain, succeeding goalkeeper Kelvin Davis. A week later, he scored again in the second round of the FA Cup, in a 2–1 win over Northampton Town and then scored a week later, in the league, in a 3–1 win over Walsall. However, during a 1–1 draw against Millwall on 16 January 2010, Hammond suffered an Achilles injury in the first half, resulted him being substituted and after the match, it was announced that he would be out for several weeks. After returning to the first team around mid–February, Hammond scored again, as well as, setting up one of the goals, in a 5–0 win over Huddersfield Town on 2 March 2010 and then on 1 April 2010, Hammond scored in a 2–2 draw against his former club, Brighton & Hove Albion, where he celebrated in front of the Brighton supporters by "running along the touchline cupping his hand to his ear, angering them". Although Southampton finished seventh place and having failed to reach the play–offs, having started the season with 15 points deduction, due to the club's financial problems, Hammond finished his first season at the club making 49 appearances and scoring 6 times in all competitions.  In the 2010–11 season, Hammond continued to be the club's captain and after a slow start in the first two league' matches of the season, Hammond set up one of the goals, in a 4–0 win over Bristol Rovers on 28 August 2010. It wasn't until on 13 November 2010 when Hammond scored his first goal of the season, in a 3–2 loss against Carlisle United. Two months later, on 5 February 2011, Hammond scored again, in a 4–4 thrilling draw against Peterborough United. Then on 5 March 2011, he scored the second goal with a drive from the edge of the area against former club Colchester United to complete a 2–0 away win, and one week later on 12 March 2011, he, once again, scored an important second goal against Bournemouth in a 3–1 away win. Despite suffering setbacks on three occasions from injuries during the season, Hammond eventually helped the club reach promotion to the Championship after two seasons at League One following a 3–1 win over Walsall on 7 May 2011. At the end of the 2010–11 season, Hammond finished the season making 47 appearances and scoring 4 times in all competitions.  Hammond started the season when he scored the first Southampton goal of the 2011–12 season, a 25-yard effort in a 3–1 victory over Leeds United, in their first game back in the Championship for two years. The season also saw Hammond found himself in a competition over the central midfielder position, which he described it as "take it to a new height". On 22 September 2011, Hammond then signed a contract extension with the club, keeping him until 2014. However, in a 1–1 draw against Reading on 22 October 2011, Hammond was sent–off in the second half and served one match, which came in the League Cup game. However, as the 2011–12 season progressed, he continued to be a first team regular despite being on the substitute bench on several time, which "he has adapted well to the style Saints have adopted." On 29 April 2012, Hammond gained promotion with Southampton to the Premier League. At the end of the 2011–12 season, Hammond went on make 48 appearances scoring once in all competitions.  However, in the 2012–13 season, Hammond struggled to regained his first team place in the Premier League and even lost his captaincy to Adam Lallana. Despite this, Hammond made his only appearance of the 2012–13 season, captained in the second round of the League Cup, in a 4–1 win over Stevenage.

Brighton & Hove Albion (loan).

On 31 August 2012, Hammond re-joined his former club Brighton & Hove Albion on loan for the remainder of the 2012–13 season. Upon re–joining the club, Hammond stated his aim is to win over his fans, having previously upset them when he scored against his former club, whilst at Southampton.  Hammond re–debuted for the club on 14 September 2012, where he made his first start and played the whole game, in a 3–0 win over Sheffield Wednesday. From that moment since re–debuting for the side, Hammond began to established himself in the first team at midfield position under Gus Poyet management, alongside Liam Bridcutt. It wasn't until on 28 November 2012 when he scored his first goal for the club since 2007, in a 2–0 win over Bristol City. His second goal then came on 1 January 2013, in a 2–0 win over Ipswich Town. Despite being on the substitute bench on numerous occasion, Hammond went on to make 39 appearances scoring two times in all competitions in the 2012–13 season. Following this, the club allowed him to return to his parent club after it came to an end.

Leicester City.

On 30 August 2013, Hammond joined Leicester City for an undisclosed fee, signing a two-year deal. Upon joining the club, Hammond said Leicester City move would benefited him to play in the Premier League one day.  Hammond made his Leicester City debut, coming on as a late second-half substitute, in a 2–0 win over Wigan Athletic on 14 September 2013. It wasn't until on 23 November 2013 when he made his first start for the club, in a 2–0 win over Ipswich Town. Hammond scored his first goal for Leicester with a late, headed equaliser against Wigan Athletic on 1 April 2014, helping the Foxes extend their lead at the top of the Sky Bet Championship to seven points. However, since his move to Leicester City, Hammond appeared on the substitute bench, due to strong competitions from central–midfielders duo Danny Drinkwater and Matty James. Hammond played 29 times as Leicester won the Championship en route to promotion to the Premier League.  In the 2014–15 season, Hammond made his Premier League debut as a substitute for the injured Danny Drinkwater in the opening day 2–2 draw with Everton. Since making his Premier League, Hammond cemented his place with impressive performances against Chelsea, Arsenal and Stoke City. However, Hammond began to suffer a setback when he injured his calf and was out for a month. After making two more appearance in January, Hammond, again, suffered a calf injury that kept him out for another month. Although he returned in May, Hammond went on to make 12 appearance in the 2014–15 season. Subsequently, Hammond was offered a new contract by the club.  On 2 July 2015, Hammond signed a one-year contract extension until the summer of 2016. However, Hammond's first team opportunities became further limited under Claudio Ranieri following the arrival of new midfielders Gökhan Inler and N'Golo Kanté. As a result, Hammond was told by the club management to be loaned out in order to get a regular first team football. At the end of the 2015–16 season, which saw Leicester City win the English top-flight for the first time, Hammond was released by the club.

Sheffield United (loan).

On 20 October 2015, Hammond joined Sheffield United on loan until the end of January, rejoining his former manager from Southampton, Nigel Adkins.  Hammond made his debut the same day in a 3–0 victory over Fleetwood Town. It wasn't until on 24 November 2015 when he scored his first Sheffield United goal, in a 4–2 loss against Shrewsbury Town. From that moment on, Hammond became a first team regular for the rest of the season and extended his loan spell until the end of the season. Hammond then scored his second goal for the club on 30 March 2016, in a 3–1 loss against Southend United. Hammond went on to make 34 appearances scoring twice for the side. During his time there, Hammond was considered by Manager Adkins as an 'unsung hero', due to his commitment at Sheffield United.  On 20 May 2016, Hammond activated his option of a permanent contract with the club which had been inserted as part of his loan move. However, new manager Chris Wilder was seemingly less keen on the services of Hammond and instantly placed him on the transfer list. On 2 July 2016, Hammond left the club by mutual consent.  After leaving Sheffield United, Hammond went on trial at Coventry City in January 2017. However, the club decided against offering a new contract to Hammond following a trial.

Return to Leicester and retirement.

Hammond returned to former club Leicester City in the spring of 2017, featuring as an over age player in under 21 matches, whilst assisting with coaching.  Hammond featured for Leicester City in a pre season friendly match against Leamington in July 2017.  In August 2017, it was revealed that Hammond had moved back to Sussex, and has retired as a player but is keen to remain involved in football in some capacity.  As of March 2018, he was still involved with Leicester City, as 'Loans Manager' within the academy setup.

Worthing.

On 22 March 2020, it was announced that Hammond would return to football to play for Isthmian League Premier Division club Worthing in the 7th tier of English football. However, he is yet to make an appearance due to the COVID-19 pandemic halting all football across the nation.

Personal life.

Growing up, Hammond revealed that his ambition was to become a professional footballer, stating that he wanted to play as best he could, and at the highest level.  Unlike many professional footballers, Hammond does not often buy extravagant things with his wages, though he has bought a new car. During his early Brighton & Hove Albion career, Hammond lived in a four-bedroom house in Hastings. Hammond began dating his then-19-year-old girlfriend, Rachel, who studied property surveying at Oxford Brookes University. They were married and together, the couple have three children, a daughter (born in 2009), a son (born in 2012) and another son (born 2016). However, their first son was just three weeks old when he was diagnosed with meningitis.

Honours.

Southampton  Leicester City

Dean John Hammond (born 7 March 1983) is an English footballer who plays for Worthing. He previously played in the Football League for Brighton & Hove Albion, Leyton Orient, Colchester United, Leicester City and Southampton.

Dean John Hammond (né à Hastings le ) est un footballeur anglais. Il joue au poste de milieu de terrain pour le club de Leicester City.