Cast.

The program featured many notable guest stars, some before they had achieved fame, including: John Astin, Jack Bannon, Roscoe Lee Browne, Steven Culp, Stacy Edwards, Fionnula Flanagan, Michelle Forbes, Kurt Fuller, Annie Golden, Grant Heslov, Laurie Holden, Stanley Kamel, Andreas Katsulas, Yaphet Kotto, Diane Ladd, Anthony LaPaglia, Scott Marlowe, David McCallum, Colm Meaney, William R. Moses, Craig Richard Nelson, Leslie Nielsen, Ethan Phillips, John Slattery, Brenda Strong, Robin Thomas, Sada Thompson, Tony Todd, John Vernon, Kate Vernon, Robert Walden and David Warner.

Episodes.

After its first season, NBC cancelled the show. It was picked up by ABC and aired for two more seasons. In total, "Father Dowling Mysteries" comprises a 2-hour TV movie plus 43 one-hour episodes.

Pilot.

The pilot was a two-hour TV movie titled "Fatal Confession", which originally aired on NBC on November 30, 1987.  There were few similarities to the books written by McInerny, with the principal character even changing his name (in the novels, he was Roger Dowling), while the setting was changed from a rural parish in the small town of Fox River to the city of Chicago – a setting which was borrowed from another series of novels by McInerny, concerning a Chicago nun. For TV, the nun changed her name, became streetwise, lost many years of age, and metamorphosed into Father Dowling's youthful assistant.  Father Prestwick did not appear in the 1987 pilot. In the first episode of the series, "The Missing Body Mystery", he is brought in by the Bishop to evaluate Father Dowling's parish, and Prestwick is initially appointed to replace him. At the end of the second episode, Prestwick is reassigned to a parish in Alaska: hence he does not appear again until the final Season 1 episode, "The Pretty Baby Mystery" (when it's said he had offended the Bishop in Anchorage, Alaska, and been kicked out there). From the start of Season 2 he becomes one of the regular cast.

Regular series.

The show was due to begin in 1988, but because of a writers' strike it did not begin to air weekly until January 1989.  For the first season, on NBC, the episodes were principally written by Supervising Producer Robert Hamilton, who contributed five of the scripts, but Hamilton was dropped when NBC cancelled the show after just eight episodes.  When ABC picked up the show for the second and third seasons (initially as a mid-season replacement), the show's executive producer, Dean Hargrove, together with Joyce Burditt, became the backbone of the writing team, frequently writing episodes jointly (Hargrove had begun his career as a scriptwriter, on the TV series "The Man From U.N.C.L.E."). And Gerry Conway, whose career began as a well-regarded writer at Marvel Comics, was now appointed as a script consultant, initially acting as script editor on the series before being promoted to co-producer for the third season, also writing many of the episodes.  For the third and longest season (the show's only full season), Brian Clemens, who had been producer and executive producer on "The Avengers" and had written many of its best regarded episodes, was added as a script consultant, and wrote or co-wrote many third-season episodes—a number of them in collaboration with co-producer Gerry Conway.  Although the show was set in Chicago, the first season was actually filmed in Denver, Colorado, where the filming locations used included the Church of the Annunciation, at 3621 Humboldt Street, which stood in for St Michael's parish church.  At the time the show was being made, Bosley's co-star Tracy Nelson ("Sister Steve") was married to actor William R Moses, the featured guest star who plays her ex-boyfriend in Season One ("The Man Who Came to Dinner Mystery").  The theme music for the regular series was composed by Dick De Benedictis.  The regular series episodes ran approximately 46 minutes 30 seconds.

Cancellation.

The show courted controversy with viewers in its third season, which led to a second, and final, cancellation. Executive producer Dean Hargrove wrote several episodes which did not sit well with viewers of a religious disposition, nor with the network, moving the show away from being a murder mystery series and straying into theological areas, including appearances by the Devil and by angels, presenting them as real characters within the storylines.

Synopsis.

Father Francis ("Frank") Dowling is a Catholic priest who continually stumbles upon murders, abductions and other crimes in his parish (the fictional Parish of St Michael's) in Chicago, Illinois. Because of the Chicago connection, many of the cases are mob-related. His legal first name of Francis is revealed in the episode "The Movie Mystery", when he's talking to the detective in charge of the case.  Fr. Frank is assisted by Sister Stephanie ("Steve") Oskowski, a nun assigned to the parish to minister to its members. It is Sr. Steve who does much of the legwork in the investigations. She's a streetwise nun, with a Polish surname and a strong ethnic accent, who grew up in a rough housing project in the diocese. She can hotwire a car, and pick any lock, among other things. Because she knows the "language of the streets" she uses this to her advantage (not just when investigating a mystery, but also in her ministry). Although she is much younger than Father Frank, the two work smoothly together as a team. He is not just a mentor to her, it's obvious she looks up to him as the father she never had.  Father Dowling has an identical twin brother, Blaine (also played by Tom Bosley). A thief and con artist, who isn't above framing his brother for his crimes, Blaine appears three times: in "The Face in the Mirror Mystery", "The Woman Scorned Mystery", and "The Fugitive Priest Mystery".  Father Philip Prestwick, who provides comic relief, is a social-climbing assistant to the Archbishop. Father Phil just happens to drop in before every meal.  Mrs Marie Gillespie is both the parish secretary and the housekeeper of the Rectory (in which the parish priest lives).  The show's format in effect creates a pseudo-family: Father Dowling and his elderly housekeeper, Marie, behave like an old married couple, with Father Dowling acting like the regular father in a conventional family (somewhat aided by his identification in the minds of the audience with Mr Cunningham, the character he played on the tv series "Happy Days"). Both of them treat Sister Stephanie as though she's their daughter. The humour largely emerges from the intrusions into this "family circle" by Father Phil, who, like an unwanted relation, disrupts the cosy informality of the household. The humour develops from the fact that Phil, in his innocence, never realises that his presence is largely an irritant to the others.  A further recurring character is a female Chicago police officer, Detective Sergeant Clancy (Regina Krueger), who is Father Dowling's friend and principal police contact in the first two seasons. In season 3 Dick O'Neill replaces her, as Lieutenant Foster, an old friend of Frank's in the police, and a devout Catholic, who Frank browbeats into doing him occasional favours during the investigations.  The mysteries usually begin with a mysterious visitor to St Michael's church, or to the parish Rectory next door where Father Dowling lives. In the first season, Sister Steve lives in a convent with the other nuns in her Order ("The Pretty Baby Mystery"); but in the second season she takes her meals at the Rectory, and when her brother is accused of murder (in the episode "The Sanctuary Mystery") he's shown sheltering in her bedroom at the Rectory. Throughout all three seasons she's also a chauffeur for Father Dowling, who doesn't drive. Because she's a car enthusiast, and reformed car thief, she handles the parish station wagon like a professional stuntman.  Between attending to parish secretarial and housekeeping duties, Marie takes phone messages for the duo while they're out travelling all over the city investigating their latest case. Meanwhile, Fr. Phil pops in and out of the Rectory, almost always at mealtimes. Marie and Father Phil provide light relief together, with a comic double-act, forever squabbling over Father Dowling's involvement in police matters, or about parish duties. However, Marie always emerges victorious.  Phil's devotion to never missing a meal at the Rectory is gradually developed into a running gag. In addition, Phil's attempts at keeping on the Bishop's good side (another running gag) are a further source of comic relief.  In the episode "The Legacy Mystery" (aired April 4th, 1990), Tom Bosley is reunited with his "Happy Days" co-star, Marion Ross, who plays the mother of a wealthy businessman accused of stealing valuable artwork.

Home media.

CBS DVD (distributed by Paramount) has released all three seasons on DVD in Region 1.  On June 6, 2017, CBS DVD released "Father Dowling Mysteries: The Complete Series" on DVD in Region 1.  In Region 2, Acorn Media released the first season on DVD in the UK on June 18, 2012. However, it was released under the title "Father Dowling Investigates".  In Region 4, Madman Entertainment released the first season on DVD in Australia on November 2, 2011.  There was also a VHS released in region 1 on the 24 of January 2000 of the "Fatal Confession" TV movie.

Father Dowling Mysteries (also known as Father Dowling Investigates in the United Kingdom) is an American mystery television series that aired from January 20, 1989 to May 2, 1991. Prior to the series, a TV movie aired on November 30, 1987. For its first season, the show was on NBC; it moved to ABC for its last two seasons.

Le Père Dowling ("Father Dowling Mysteries") est une série télévisée américaine en un pilote de 90 minutes et 43 épisodes de 44 minutes, créée par Dean Hargrove et Joel Steiger d'après les romans de Ralph McInerny. Le téléfilm a été diffusé le et la première saison de 8 épisodes a été diffusée entre le et le sur le réseau NBC, puis les 2 saisons suivantes entre le et le sur le réseau ABC.


Origin.

There is not yet an analytic proof of color confinement in any non-abelian gauge theory. The phenomenon can be understood qualitatively by noting that the force-carrying gluons of QCD have color charge, unlike the photons of quantum electrodynamics (QED). Whereas the electric field between electrically charged particles decreases rapidly as those particles are separated, the gluon field between a pair of color charges forms a narrow flux tube (or string) between them. Because of this behavior of the gluon field, the strong force between the particles is constant regardless of their separation.  Therefore, as two color charges are separated, at some point it becomes energetically favorable for a new quark–antiquark pair to appear, rather than extending the tube further. As a result of this, when quarks are produced in particle accelerators, instead of seeing the individual quarks in detectors, scientists see "jets" of many color-neutral particles (mesons and baryons), clustered together. This process is called "hadronization", "fragmentation", or "string breaking".  The confining phase is usually defined by the behavior of the action of the Wilson loop, which is simply the path in spacetime traced out by a quark–antiquark pair created at one point and annihilated at another point. In a non-confining theory, the action of such a loop is proportional to its perimeter. However, in a confining theory, the action of the loop is instead proportional to its area. Since the area is proportional to the separation of the quark–antiquark pair, free quarks are suppressed. Mesons are allowed in such a picture, since a loop containing another loop with the opposite orientation has only a small area between the two loops.

Confinement scale.

The confinement scale or QCD scale is the scale at which the perturbatively defined strong coupling constant diverges. Its definition and value therefore depend on the renormalization scheme used. For example, in the MS-bar scheme and at 4-loop in the running of formula_1, the world average in the 3-flavour case is given by  When the renormalization group equation is solved exactly, the scale is not defined at all. It is therefore customary to quote the value of the strong coupling constant at a particular reference scale instead.

Models exhibiting confinement.

In addition to QCD in four spacetime dimensions, the two-dimensional Schwinger model also exhibits confinement. Compact Abelian gauge theories also exhibit confinement in 2 and 3 spacetime dimensions. Confinement has recently been found in elementary excitations of magnetic systems called spinons.

Models of fully screened quarks.

Besides the quark confinement idea, there is a potential possibility that the color charge of quarks gets fully screened by the gluonic color surrounding the quark. Exact solutions of SU(3) classical Yang–Mills theory which provide full screening (by gluon fields) of the color charge of a quark have been found. However, such classical solutions do not take into account non-trivial properties of QCD vacuum. Therefore, the significance of such full gluonic screening solutions for a separated quark is not clear.

QCD string.

In quantum chromodynamics (or in the more general case of quantum gauge theories), if a connection which is color confining occurs, it is possible for stringlike degrees of freedom called QCD strings or QCD flux tubes to form. These stringlike excitations are responsible for the confinement of color charges since they are always attached to at least one string which exhibits tension. Their existence can be predicted from the dual spin network/spin foam models (this duality is exact over a lattice). To a surprisingly good approximation, these strings are described phenomenologically by the Polyakov action, making them noncritical strings.

In quantum chromodynamics (QCD), color confinement, often simply called confinement, is the phenomenon that color-charged particles (such as quarks and gluons) cannot be isolated, and therefore cannot be directly observed in normal conditions below the Hagedorn temperature of approximately 2 terakelvin (corresponding to energies of approximately 130–140 MeV per particle). Quarks and gluons must clump together to form hadrons. The two main types of hadron are the mesons (one quark, one antiquark) and the baryons (three quarks). In addition, colorless glueballs formed only of gluons are also consistent with confinement, though difficult to identify experimentally. Quarks and gluons cannot be separated from their parent hadron without producing new hadrons.

Le confinement de couleur (ou simplement confinement) est une propriété des particules élémentaires possédant une charge de couleur : ces particules ne peuvent être isolées et sont observées uniquement avec d'autres particules de telle sorte que la combinaison formée soit "blanche", c’est-à-dire que sa charge de couleur totale soit nulle. Cette propriété est à l'origine de l'existence des hadrons. Le phénomène est décrit dans le cadre de la chromodynamique quantique (ou CDQ, QCD en anglais).


Special performances.

At Disneyland, "Fantasy in the Sky" was brought back from retirement to feature at the 2004 and 2005 July 4 celebrations and on New Year's Eve in 2004 through 2007. A 2008 revival was cancelled due to high winds. At the Magic Kingdom, it has been performed every year on the December 30 and 31, as well as on July 3–4; the July 3 and 4 shows being held in 360 degrees around the park and the Seven Seas Lagoon concurrently. However, WDW has announced new fireworks shows to replace "Fantasy in the Sky" for Independence Day ("").  "Fantasy in the Sky" returned for Disneyland and Walt Disney World for 2009 New Year Celebration.  In early 2015, a version of Fantasy in the Sky was brought back at Disneyland Park to bridge the gap between "Remember... Dreams Come True" ending and "Disneyland Forever" premiering as part of the park's 60th anniversary. "Fantasy in the Sky"'s last performance was on May 20, 2015.  On August 2, 2016, it was announced that Fantasy in the Sky would be returning to Disneyland Park starting on September 9, 2016.  For the 2020 New Years Celebration, the Disneyland show was not presented, and was replaced by "Mickeys Mix Magic", a fireworks show that was used in the 2019 spring season to celebrate Mickey Mouse's 90th birthday.

Lifetime Changes.

Disneyland.

The Disneyland version of the show not only has some major soundtrack changes but it also got other changes which include the pyrotechnics, and the castle's adjacent lighting. Fantasy in the Sky in Disneyland isn't always held during New Year's Eve, and the east coast new year celebrations, but they even host this spectacular during a special event throughout the entire park called Throwback Nite. This event always held in Disneyland Park happens every January or February and not during the New Year's Eve special events. Sometimes, it also has been used to bridge the gaps of shows if one discontinues the show while the others are creating a brand new fireworks spectacular for the park. This fireworks spectacular is operated from the discontinuation of the first show, and runs until the time the new show is set to debut at the park.

Magic Kingdom.

The Magic Kingdom version of the show has changed so much over the years. The show now inherits pyrotechnics from other spectaculars such as Once Upon a Time, Wishes and more. This fireworks spectacular used to be in Mickey's Not So Scary Halloween Party for a single year, but it can still be seen during the New Year's Eve special events. The spectacular is presented to the park four times every year from December 30, to January 1. The first performance is at 7:00 PM while the second performance is at 11:50 PM. Until 2017, the 7:00 PM performance of the show was actually Holiday Wishes instead of Fantasy in the Sky but it still has the big New Year's Eve finale.

Soundtrack.

The soundtrack for the Magic Kingdom 1990s version was released on two official albums:  The soundtrack for the Disneyland Paris version was released on:

Show soundtrack.

Tokyo Disneyland Special Version (2001).

Script.

Before "A Dream is a Wish Your Heart Makes" the script introduces the show by saying  Before "Zip-A-Dee-Doo-Dah" the script introduces the finale of Fantasy in the sky by saying these words:  Before "Tokyo DisneySea Medley" the script introduces the show by saying these words:

Fantasy in the Sky was the first fireworks performance at Disneyland in Anaheim, California, beginning in 1958 and running until 1996 (with short engagements in 2004 and early 2015). The show also appeared at the Magic Kingdom in Lake Buena Vista, Florida from 1971 until 2003, at Tokyo Disneyland in Urayasu, Chiba, Japan from 1983 until 1988 (with engagements from 1995 until 1997, and again from 2001 until 2003) and at Disneyland Paris from 1993 to 2005 in Marne-la-Vallee, France.

Fantasy in the Sky est un ancien feu d'artifice des parcs Disneyland, Magic Kingdom, Tokyo Disneyland et Disneyland Paris, dont les représentations ont débuté en 1957 et stoppées entre 2000 et 2005. Il proposait au public de revivre les plus grands moments des films Disney. Sa suspension définitive en France a marqué le début de "Wishes". Mais il semble probable que comme pour les parcs américains elle soit présentée occasionnellement, trois à quatre fois par an.


Early life.

Crouse was born in New York City, the daughter of Anna (née Erskine; 1916–2014) and Russel Crouse, a playwright. Her maternal grandparents were author and educator John Erskine and his wife Pauline Ives. Lindsay Ann Crouse's full name is an intentional tribute to the Broadway writing partnership of Lindsay and Crouse, which consisted of her father and his writing partner, Howard Lindsay. The two wrote much of "The Sound of Music". Their 1946 play "State of the Union" won that year's Pulitzer Prize for Drama. Their last collaboration was "Mr. President" in 1962. "In our family, the work ethic was held up as some kind of byword," Crouse says. "At any hour, somebody's typewriter was going."

Acting career.

After graduating from the Chapin School in 1966 and Radcliffe College in 1970, Crouse began her performing career as a modern and jazz dancer, but she soon switched to acting and made her Broadway debut in "Much Ado About Nothing" in 1972. She received her acting training at HB Studio in New York City.  Crouse's film career began in 1976, with small roles in television and theatrical movies. In 1977, she appeared as Lily Braden, the discontented wife of hockey player Ned Braden in "Slap Shot". Crouse was nominated for an Academy Award for Best Supporting Actress for her role in the 1984 movie "Places in the Heart". Among her films was a starring role in "House of Games", the 1987 film directed and written by her then-husband David Mamet, in which she plays Margaret Ford, a psychiatrist who is intrigued by the art of the con. "It's always hard to be directed by someone who's close to you," Crouse says. "Because everybody needs to go home and complain about the director. Everybody."  Crouse has appeared in featured and guest roles in a number of television series. Notable roles include a recurring portrayal of Kate McBride, a lesbian police officer on "Hill Street Blues" during its sixth season in 1986. This was the first lesbian recurring character on a major network. Crouse is also known for her role in the fourth season of "Buffy the Vampire Slayer", where she was a recurring supporting cast member playing Professor Maggie Walsh. Crouse has also guest-starred on "Alias", "", "Columbo", "Criminal Minds", "Law & Order", "ER", "Millennium", and "NYPD Blue".  In recent years, Crouse has concentrated on the theater. "Once you get your driver's license, you end your film career," says Crouse. "Look at my generation. Great actresses like Glenn Close and Susan Sarandon—there's nothing written for anyone over a certain age." In 2007, Crouse opened a revival of "The Belle of Amherst", a one-woman show about the life of poet Emily Dickinson, at the Gloucester Stage in Gloucester, Massachusetts. "You can't stop and recite something," says Crouse. "You have to keep the poetry very, very active, which is pretty easy with Dickinson. She was striving so hard to understand what life was about. It's very dramatic poetry in that way.  Crouse appeared in Lee Blessing's "Going to St. Ives" with the Gloucester Stage Company during the summer of 2008 and provided the narration for "Virginia Lee Burton: A Sense of Place", a documentary film about Virginia Lee Burton.

Personal life.

Crouse married playwright David Mamet in 1977. The two had met during the production on "Slap Shot". John Lahr writes in his book "Show and Tell: New Yorker Profiles" that when Mamet married Crouse in 1977, he "married into show business aristocracy". Lahr also writes that Mamet got his first screenwriting assignment through Crouse. Crouse was on her way to audition for Bob Rafelson's 1981 remake of "The Postman Always Rings Twice" and Mamet told Crouse to tell Rafelson that "he was a fool if he didn't hire me to write the screenplay." Although Mamet was joking, Crouse did it and Rafelson called Mamet; when the director asked why he should hire him for the screenplay, Mamet replied: "Because I'll give you a good screenplay or a sincere apology." Mamet got the job. She and Mamet divorced in 1990. Their marriage produced two daughters, Willa and Zosia Mamet.  Crouse's brother is Timothy Crouse, author of "The Boys on the Bus" about political journalism during the 1972 presidential campaign. Timothy Crouse also co-authored a new libretto for the musical "Anything Goes" with John Weidman that opened at the Vivian Beaumont Theater on Broadway on October 19, 1987, and ran for 784 performances.

Buddhist beliefs.

Crouse is a Buddhist and a direct student of Sumati Marut. In 2005, she organized an annual Buddhist educational program, originally held at the Windhover Center for the Performing Arts in Rockport, Massachusetts, and then in 2010 moved to The Governor's Academy in Byfield, Massachusetts. "[Buddhism] is not an exclusive club. It has something to offer everyone at all levels," says Crouse. "Buddhism is dynamic and has captured the interests of Americans. Even our quantum physics validate[s] ideas the Buddha taught 2,500 years ago."

Lindsay Ann Crouse (born May 12, 1948) is an American actress. She made her Broadway debut in the 1972 revival of "Much Ado About Nothing" and appeared in her first film in 1976 in "All the President's Men". For her role in the 1984 film "Places in the Heart", she received an Academy Award nomination for Best Supporting Actress. Her other films include "Slap Shot" (1977), "Between the Lines" (1977), "The Verdict" (1982), "Prefontaine" (1997), and "The Insider" (1999). She also had a leading role in the 1987 film "House of Games", which was directed by her then-husband David Mamet. In 1996, she received a Daytime Emmy Award nomination for "Between Mother and Daughter", an episode of "CBS Schoolbreak Special". She is also a Grammy Award nominee.

Lindsay Crouse est une actrice américaine née Lindsay Ann Crouse à New York, État de New York (États-Unis), le.


University Gallery.

The University Gallery, housed in the "Old College" building on the north campus, contains more than 10,000 works. One feature of the collection is its extensive holdings of vintage and contemporary photographs, including comprehensive surveys of the works of Gertrude Käsebier and Clarence Hudson White. Other notable collections include Pre-Columbian and Native American ceramics from the Moche and Pueblo cultures; and a number American prints and drawings from the 19th century to the present.  In 2007 the University Gallery took charge of the University of Delaware collection with notable works by Howard Pyle, Stanley Arthurs, Frank Schoonover and N. C. Wyeth of the Brandywine School.

Mechanical Hall.

The Mechanical Hall was renovated in 2004 to house the Paul R. Jones Collection of African American Art, donated by Atlanta, Georgia art collector Paul R. Jones. Jones' gift of several hundred important works from his personal collection was the outgrowth of a relationship that University of Delaware professor William Homer established in the early 1990s. The University Gallery mounted an exhibition of artwork from his collection in 1993. After negotiations regarding the conservation of the work and its pedagogical use, including outreach to Historically black colleges and universities, Jones effected the gift in 2001.  The Jones collection is considered the most comprehensive collection of 18th, 19th and 20th century African American art and includes important works by Kofi Bailey, Romare Bearden, Selma Burke, Elizabeth Catlett, Robert Colescott, David Driskell, David Hammons, Lonnie Holley, Wifredo Lam, Jacob Lawrence, Hughie Lee-Smith, Edward L. Loper, Sr., Eugene J. Martin and P. H. Polk.

Mineralogical Museum.

The Mineralogical Museum was created in 1964 with the gift of Irénée du Pont's personal collection of mineral specimens, which he had acquired from George Frederick Kunz in 1919.  The collection, which now resides in Penny Hall, includes numerous examples of minerals from exhausted mines, including a tourmaline from the Himalaya Mine in San Diego, California and copper ore from the Quincy Mine on Keweenaw Peninsula in Michigan.

The University Museums at the University of Delaware is the collective name for the University of Delaware's collections of American art, minerals, and Pre-Columbian ceramics.

La Collection Paul R. Jones d'art Afro-américain, logée dans le musée de l'université du Delaware à Newark (États-Unis d'Amérique), comporte une des collections les plus importantes d'art visuel créée par des artistes afro-américains et datant du jusqu'à présent.


Playing career.

Junior career.

Butcher played with Saskatchewan Junior Hockey League teams in his hometown of Regina prior to moving up to the Western Hockey League, late in the 1979–80 season. Regina was co-hosting the 1980 Memorial Cup, and Butcher joined the WHL's Regina Pats for 13 regular-season games, 9 playoff games (winning the President's Cup and for the round-robin games at the Memorial Cup tournament. At 16 years of age, he was the Pats' youngest player.  During his next two seasons of junior, he accumulated 178 points and over 500 minutes in penalties, and was selected to the WHL's All-Star team in 1980–81. "His blend of talent and grit made him one of the top prospects" for the 1981 NHL Entry Draft. "The Hockey News" draft preview issue ranked Butcher as the No. 3 overall prospect and No. 1 WHL prospect in a draft that included future Hall of Famers Dale Hawerchuk, Grant Fuhr and Al MacInnis (who was drafted five spots after Butcher). On draft day, the Vancouver Canucks selected him 10th overall.

International gold.

The next season, Butcher led all WHL defencemen with 92 points. Butcher was also a member of the first Canadian junior team to win a gold medal at the World Junior Ice Hockey Championships.  The tourney was being played in North America (Minnesota was the host jurisdiction) and it was Canada's first attempt at putting together a true, national, junior team. The team was noted for its defence and allowed a tourney-low 14 goals against in seven games under national team coach Dave King.  For his part, Butcher scored one goal and three assists while recording no penalty minutes. Butcher recalls the gold-medal experience as his "greatest thrill" in hockey.

Professional career.

Vancouver Canucks.

Shortly after the international tourney, he was called up to the NHL to join the Canucks for five regular-season games (debuting January 7, 1982) and one play-off game in the team's run to the Stanley Cup final.  After splitting part of the next season with the Canucks' farm team, the Fredericton Express, Butcher became a staple of the NHL club's defence. Butcher became known for his defensive prowess and never matched his offensive numbers from junior. His best offensive season was 1987–88 when he recorded a modest 23 points (6 goals and 17 assists).  Goals came so rarely for Butcher at the NHL level that, in the 1988–89 season, his first goal of the season came in the playoffs (the Game 6 winning goal in the near-upset of the Calgary Flames).  Butcher played an aggressive style and earned a reputation as a classic "needler" who distracted opponents or provoked them into taking penalties. In 1989, Gerard Gallant of the Detroit Red Wings was suspended five games for retaliating and deliberately attempting to injure Butcher.  Butcher was not a prolific fighter but was still regarded as a tough, capable opponent. His December 26, 1988 fight with Mark Hunter of the Calgary Flames resulted in Hunter missing part of the season due to a concussion.  In his near-decade and 610 games with the Canucks, Butcher amassed a club-record 1,668 penalty minutes, a mark eventually broken by Gino Odjick. His perseverance and battling attitude earned him the respect of the Canuck fans and team. After his retirement, the Canucks organization placed him in the sixth spot on their list of the 50 Greatest Canucks of all time.

St. Louis Blues.

Late in the 1990–91 season, the St. Louis Blues were in first place overall and GM Ron Caron was looking to improve the team's defence for the playoffs. On March 5, 1991, at the trade deadline, Caron traded four players and 1992 fifth-round pick (Brian Loney) to Vancouver for Butcher and Dan Quinn, a small but skilled centre. Butcher was the key player for the Blues, with Quinn added due to the Canucks hard negotiating. The Blues traded away Geoff Courtnall, Robert Dirk, Sergio Momesso, Cliff Ronning – who as a group invigorated the Canucks for a number of years and eventually helped their new team advance to the 1994 Stanley Cup Final.  The Butcher trade helped the Canucks but cost Butcher's new team dearly. Trading away such depth cost the Blues a second scoring line behind Brett Hull and Adam Oates. As a result, the trade was blamed for the Blues defeat at the hands of the Minnesota North Stars in the second round of the playoffs. (The Stars would make it all the way to the Finals). Quinn was gone from the team shortly after the playoff disappointment. The Butcher trade (together with a later lopsided deal favoring the Canucks) was regarded by media and fans as one of the top 5 heartbreakers for the St. Louis Blues.  Butcher was expected to provide leadership. He was named team captain, but a broken left foot cost him the end of the 1991–92 NHL season and the start of the playoffs. After the Blues were eliminated, Butcher was selected to the national team for the 1992 Ice Hockey World Championships. He played three games and scored a goal. The team placed eighth.  Butcher played in the NHL All-Star Game in 1993, but as an injury replacement for Jeff Brown. The same year, Butcher scored a rare goal, the game-winner, against the Toronto Maple Leafs in Game 3 of the 1993 Norris Division Finals.

Towards retirement.

As Butcher aged, he became a less important player but still figured in trades for star players.  Midway through the 1993–94 NHL season, on January 23, 1994 Butcher was one of three St. Louis players traded to the Quebec Nordiques for star defenceman Steve Duchesne. In 1994, Butcher was moved from Quebec to the Toronto Maple Leafs as part of the multi-player blockbuster trade of Mats Sundin for Wendel Clark.  Butcher was released by Toronto on October 2, 1995. He was unable to catch on with another team and chose to retire at age 32.  Butcher played in 897 career NHL games, scoring 48 goals and 158 assists for 206 points, as well as adding 2,302 penalty minutes for the Canucks, Blues, Nordiques, and Maple Leafs.

Off-ice activities.

During his career with the Canucks, Butcher worked as a car salesman and leasing agent in Vancouver during the off-seasons. Butcher eventually owned and operated several businesses, including a bar in Mississauga, Ontario. A woman at the bar accused Butcher of sexual assault after an after-work sexual encounter in 2002. In court, Butcher testified that the sex was consensual, and he was acquitted by a jury in 2004.  Butcher lives in Bellingham, Washington and is Director of Hockey Operations for the Bellingham Sportsplex. He is also active in coaching for the Whatcom Warriors Amateur Hockey Association.  Butcher married the sister of former NHL players Doug Morrison and Mark Morrison. Butcher has five children; his son, Matt, was drafted by the Vancouver Canucks in the 2005 NHL Entry Draft.

Garth Butcher (born January 8, 1963 in Regina, Saskatchewan) is a Canadian former professional ice hockey defenceman. Butcher was a top prospect as a junior player and was a member of the first Canadian team to win gold at the world junior championship. Butcher played in the National Hockey League for 14 seasons, from 1981–82 to 1994–95, mostly with the Vancouver Canucks.

Garth Butcher (né le à Regina, dans la province de la Saskatchewan au Canada) est un joueur de hockey sur glace professionnel qui joua dans la Ligue nationale de hockey au poste de défenseur de 1981-1982 à 1994-1995.


Background.

The film is a sequel to "Scary Movie". According to director Keenen Ivory Wayans, the makers of the film watched over 130 horror films for background research. Marlon Brando was originally cast as Father McFeely and completed one day of filming before he had to leave the production due to illness. He was replaced by James Woods who was paid $1 million for four days work. Charlton Heston has also turned down the James Woods part. At one point, former President Bill Clinton, who had just left office the year the film came out (2001), was considered for the James Woods part. Because Miramax had not greenlit this sequel until the massive box office success of the original, the film faced a punishing production schedule that involved coming up with a script and tearing through production and post-production in a total of less than 9 months, roughly half the average time for all those steps to be completed on a standard Hollywood production in 2000–2001.

Plot.

A teenage girl named Megan Voorhees (Natasha Lyonne) becomes possessed by the spirit of Hugh Kane (Richard Moll), the house's previous owner. During a formal dinner party, where everyone is singing “Shake Ya Ass”, she emerges in her nightdress, saying “you suck” before proceeding to urinate profusely on the floor. In response, Megan's mother (Veronica Cartwright) seeks help from two priests, Father McFeely (James Woods) and Father Harris (Andy Richter). After paying a trip to the bathroom, the men attempt to drive Hugh's ghost out, but the exorcism does not go as planned. After everyone vomits on each other, and one of the priests shows signs of pedophilia towards the girl, Megan insults Father McFeely's mother. He responds by pulling out a gun and shooting Megan.  Meanwhile, Cindy Campbell (Anna Faris), Brenda Meeks (Regina Hall), Ray Wilkins (Shawn Wayans), and Shorty Meeks (Marlon Wayans) are at college, trying to live new lives since having survived the events of the first film. Cindy and Brenda get tagged by a socially maladjusted girl, Alex (Tori Spelling). Shorty is still the same stoner he was before. Ray, still confused about his sexuality, has two new male friends, Tommy (James DeBello) and Buddy (Christopher Masterson). Buddy becomes romantically interested in Cindy, but she rebuffs him. Agreeing to become friends nonetheless, Buddy gives Cindy a not so friendly wedgie, since he doesn’t know how he should treat a female friend.  Professor Oldman (Tim Curry) and his charming paraplegic assistant, Dwight Hartman (David Cross), plan to study the paranormal activity at a local haunted mansion called Hell House. They use Cindy and her friends as test subjects. At the mansion, Cindy encounters a foul-mouthed parrot and Hanson (Chris Elliott), the caretaker with a badly malformed hand. Later, the group is joined by newcomer hottie Theo (Kathleen Robertson). They sit down for dinner, but soon lose their appetite due to Hanson's repulsive antics, such as licking the turkey, and sticking his hands in all the food.  Later that night, Cindy hears voices directing her to a secret room, where she and Buddy discover the diary of Hugh Kane's wife. Seeing her portrait, they note Cindy's resemblance to her. Meanwhile, other teens also experience bizarre encounters. Hugh Kane's invisible ghost has sex with Alex in her bedroom, and quickly leaves afterwards, since Alex shows signs of wanting to marry Huey. Cindy gets involved in a fistfight with the house cat, Mr. Kittles. When Cindy tries to tell the professor, he dismisses it, and sends Theo to take Cindy to bed, while hinting the girls should start “experimenting.” Later, while Cindy is possessed by Huey Kane’s wife, Cindy almost has sex with Oldman. Luckily she returns to normal, with no memory of the event. A toy clown (Suli McCullough) attempts to kill Ray, but in a strange turn of events, the clown doll gets raped by Ray instead. A weed-monster rolls Shorty into a joint. It tries to smoke him (and succeeds, much to Shorty's enjoyment as he states: 'I'm getting as high as a motherf**ker!'), but gets distracted by munchies and lets him escape. The next morning, Oldman tells Dwight no one is leaving the house, despite the attacks, and claims he is “this close to getting laid.” Dwight is given the only keys to get out of the house, and told to give them to nobody. Theo attempt to take the keys from Dwight by attempting to give him oral sex, but Dwight does it to himself, while a horrified Theo watches in disgust, then knocks him out.  Professor Oldman is seduced and killed by the ghost of Hugh's mistress. Shorty later encounters the same ghost, but seduces and has sex with her. After Dwight equips the teens with weapons that can injure their spectral enemy, they are pursued throughout the mansion, Alex attempts to win Huey’s love, but is killed by Crane's ghost. Buddy and Cindy get locked in the walk-in freezer. Cindy gives Buddy a handjob and "revives" him, resulting in him releasing semen blasting Cindy to the door. Cindy then uses a collection of random objects in the room to produce a Caterpillar tractor and escapes the freezer.  Hanson gets possessed by Kane and kidnaps Shorty, who is high on drugs. In the dining room, Hanson sets up a cooker and cuts off the top of Shorty's head. Instead of a brain, there is a small man rapping (Beetlejuice) inside. Cindy, Brenda, and Theo team up to fight the Kane-possessed Hanson using moves taken from "Charlie's Angels", but ultimate wind up defeated. Dwight regroups with the teens. Cindy acts as bait to lure Kane into a device that will destroy him. The plan succeeds, freeing the group from the house's curse.  Two months later, Cindy and Buddy are in a relationship. They are out on a walk when Hanson shows up, closing in menacingly. Buddy disappears as Hanson gets hit by a car, driven by Shorty, who is receiving a blowjob from the ghost that he seduced earlier (much like the opening and closing scenes of the previous movie).

Release.

Box office.

In North America, the film grossed $71.3 million. Worldwide, it grossed $141.2 million. Out of the first four "Scary Movie" films, this was the least successful to date, until the fifth film was released twelve years later.

Critical reception.

On Rotten Tomatoes, the film has an approval rating of 15% based on 109 reviews, with an average rating of 3.38/10. The site's critical consensus reads, "Instead of being funny, this gross-out sequel plays like a sloppy, rushed-out product." On Metacritic, the film has a score of 29 out of 100 based on 25 critics, indicating "generally unfavorable reviews". Audiences polled by CinemaScore gave the film an average grade of "B" on an A+ to F scale.

Home media.

The film premiered on DVD on December 18, 2001. It was later released on Blu-ray a decade later on September 20, 2011, after Lionsgate purchased Miramax and Dimension Films's catalogues.

Scary Movie 2 is a 2001 American comedy horror film and the second film in the "Scary Movie" film series. The film stars Anna Faris, Regina Hall, Shawn Wayans, and Marlon Wayans (all reprising their roles from the first film, despite their characters having seemingly been killed off), as well as Tim Curry, Tori Spelling, Chris Elliott, Chris Masterson, Kathleen Robertson, David Cross, and James Woods. The film is the last in the series to feature the involvement of stars Marlon and Shawn Wayans, and director Keenen Ivory Wayans. Marlon would eventually go on to produce a similar horror-themed parody, "A Haunted House", and its sequel, both starring himself. In the latter film, Wayans pokes fun at the "Scary Movie" series' decline in quality after his family's departure.

Scary Movie 2 ou Film de peur 2 au Québec est un film parodique des films d'horreur américains réalisé par Keenen Ivory Wayans et sorti en 2001.


Early life.

Shenar was born in Milwaukee, Wisconsin, the son of Mary Rosella (née Puhek) and Eugene Joseph Shenar. He was of Polish and Slovenian descent.

Career.

Shenar became involved in theater at an early age, working in Milwaukee playhouse productions. After graduating from high school, he enlisted in the United States Air Force. Following his military career he began acting again. Shenar gained attention playing larger-than-life entertainment legends in 1970s television films—Orson Welles in "The Night That Panicked America" (1975) and Florenz Ziegfeld, Jr., in "Ziegfeld: The Man and His Women" (1978). He portrayed the character John Carrington in Part II of the miniseries "Roots" (1977).  Shenar also portrayed the ruthless Bolivian drug lord Alejandro Sosa in Brian De Palma's 1983 feature film, "Scarface". He portrayed crime boss Luigi Patrovita's (Sam Wanamaker) second in command, Paulo Rocca in "Raw Deal" (1986).  A founding member, actor, director and teacher of the American Conservatory Theatre (ACT) in San Francisco, he played more than forty roles there, including "Hamlet", "Oedipus Rex" and Brother Julian in "Tiny Alice". He voiced the evil rat Jenner in the animated feature "The Secret of NIMH" (1982). Shenar's performance in "The Secret of NIMH" so impressed producer Don Bluth he had wanted to hire Shenar to also voice the villain Borf in the game "Space Ace", but was unable to do so due to budget issues (a role that ultimately went to Bluth himself).  Shenar continued to act during the late 1980s. He did a stage version of "Macbeth" in Los Angeles and appeared in films like "Best Seller" (1987), "The Bedroom Window" (1987), "The Big Blue" (1988), plus the TV film "Rage of Angels: The Story Continues".

Personal life.

Shenar and British actor Jeremy Brett were in a relationship in the 1970s; it reportedly lasted five years.

Death.

He died from complications of AIDS on October 11, 1989.

Albert Paul Shenar (February 12, 1936 − October 11, 1989) was an American actor and theater director, known for portraying the Bolivian drug lord Alejandro Sosa, in "Scarface" (1983).

Paul Shenar, né le à Milwaukee (Wisconsin) et mort le à West Hollywood (Californie), est un acteur américain. Il est notamment connu pour avoir incarné le personnage d'Alejandro Sosa dans le film "Scarface" (1983) de Brian De Palma.


Plot.

Perry Mason is a distinguished criminal-defense lawyer practicing in Los Angeles, California, most of whose clients have been falsely charged with murder. Each episode typically follows a formula. The first half of the show introduces a prospective murder victim and a series of persons involved with the victim, who through word or deed, reveal themselves as the likely perpetrator of the crime; in a parallel story, Mason's eventual client or someone associated with that client is introduced. Once the crime has been committed, Mason, his private investigator Paul Drake, and his secretary Della Street have some adversarial dealings with the homicide detective (Lt. Arthur Tragg in the early years), who arrests the wrong suspect, and perhaps Mason's legal nemesis, Los Angeles County District Attorney Hamilton Burger, who prosecutes an innocent suspect, until finally Mason's client is charged with murder based on the circumstantial evidence.  In the second half, Mason

Production.

Background.

After a series of Warner Bros. films and a radio series he despised, author Erle Stanley Gardner refused to license his popular character Perry Mason for any more adaptations. (The radio series would, without the Mason character, be adapted for television as the long-running crime soap opera "The Edge of Night".) His literary agent was advertising executive Thomas Cornwell Jackson, who had, in 1947, married actress Gail Patrick. She had studied law before she went to Hollywood "for a lark" and appeared in more than 60 feature films including "My Man Godfrey" (1936), "Stage Door" (1937), and "My Favorite Wife" (1940). She stopped acting in 1948, started a family, and began to talk to Gardner about adapting the Perry Mason stories for a television series.  "We kept talking about what kind of a series he'd want and how much creative control he needed," Gail Patrick told journalist James Bawden in 1979.

Casting.

Gail Patrick Jackson was immersed in auditions throughout 1956. The role of Perry Mason proved to be the hardest to cast. Richard Carlson, Mike Connors, Richard Egan, William Holden, and Efrem Zimbalist Jr., were considered. In early April, Fred MacMurray and CBS were reportedly in the midst of negotiations, and columnist Hedda Hopper wrote that Cornwell Jackson had postponed a two-month vacation in Hawaii, hoping to get the series ready by September or October. In mid-June, Hopper reported that the Jacksons had left on their annual trip, after stating that "Perry Mason" would not be ready for TV that fall.  "We couldn't afford a big star," Patrick later said. Among the hundreds of actors she saw audition in April 1956 was Raymond Burr, who initially read

Writing.

The production staff of "Perry Mason" worked at being technically correct and responsive to an audience that included lawyers and judges. Producer Ben Brady practiced law in New York before entering show business; story editor Gene Wang graduated from law school in Florida; and executive producer Gail Patrick Jackson studied law for two years before becoming an actress.  Many episodes are based on novels and short stories by lawyer-turned-writer Erle Stanley Gardner. Only two of the 69 Perry Mason novels Gardner published before January 1963 were not adapted for the series. All but three episodes in the first season were adapted from Gardner's stories. In season two, 14 of the 39 episodes came

Filming.

Pilot.

A test film, "The Case of the Moth-Eaten Mink", ultimately aired December 14, 1957, as the 13th episode of the first season. The pilot was filmed October 3–9, 1956, after Raymond Burr completed a movie in Havana and made a two-week tour of military hospitals in the West Indies.  "'The Case of the Moth-Eaten Mink' is written and directed very much like a noir B-feature of the period, from its stylishly dramatic opening to its violent climax," wrote film scholar Thomas Leitch. He noted that the pilot film "provides a fascinating laboratory for the formula, since it combines trademark elements that would become long-running features of the series with others that would be swiftly abandoned." The episode was directed by Ted Post, whose camera movement, use of deep space,

Series.

The series began filming in April 1957. Each episode was budgeted at $100,000, equal to $ today. Filming took place on Stage 8 at the 20th Century-Fox studios near Western Avenue and Sunset Boulevard (where the show's production offices were located) and at CBS Studio Center, with at least one location in each episode. Burr had lost 100 pounds, but continued to lose weight when filming began: "I just don't have time to eat," he said.  "Every six days Burr stars in what almost amounts to a full-length feature movie," wrote syndicated columnist Erskine Johnson. "He's in 98 percent of all the scenes."  "I had no life outside of "Perry Mason"," Burr recalled. "And that went on 24 hours a day, six days a week. I never

Locations.

"Perry Mason" is set in Los Angeles; interior scenes were filmed on the 20th Century-Fox Western Avenue studio lot, and most exteriors were filmed at Fox Studios in Westwood, California, or the Fox Movie Ranch in Malibu Canyon. Later episodes in the series were filmed at CBS LaBrea Studios in Hollywood.  In the early years of the series, filming would be done on location in and around Culver City and a few downtown locales. In one episode, Drake gets out of a car on Wilshire Boulevard and goes into an apartment building; in the distant background, the lights and cameras from the set filming an episode of "Peter Gunn" are visible. Numerous establishing shots are

Music.

The show's theme music is one of the most recognizable in television. Composer Fred Steiner set out to write a theme that would project the two primary aspects of Mason's character — sophistication and toughness. "The piece he came up with, titled 'Park Avenue Beat', pulsed with the power of the big city and the swagger of a beefy hero played to perfection by actor Raymond Burr," wrote "The Los Angeles Times". Described by Steiner as "a piece of symphonic R&B", the "Perry Mason" theme heard

Cancellation.

"Perry Mason" aired Saturday nights for its first five seasons, outdrawing competition including the first two seasons of NBC's "Bonanza". "Bonanza" jumped to number two in the Nielsen ratings when it moved to Sunday nights in 1961. In 1962, CBS moved "Perry Mason" to Thursday nights, where it easily won the ratings for its time slot.  "CBS just got plain cocky," said executive producer Gail Patrick Jackson. "It irritated the suits to no end that Sundays at 8 was Ed Sullivan with his huge rating, and then everybody switched to NBC's "Bonanza". Bill Paley would rant about this every time we met." Patrick continued:  Then, for the September '65 season he floored me by telling the affiliates we'd be going Sundays at 9 with a mandate to demolish "Bonanza". Just like that. He finally let me shoot in color but we never had a chance. We improved ratings for CBS but "Bonanza" was the leader and Paley simply cancelled us completely in

Revival.

Series.

An unsuccessful attempt to recreate the series was made in 1973. Starring Monte Markham and Sharon Acker, "The New Perry Mason" only lasted half a season. "My name

Television films.

Producer Dean Hargrove resurrected the Mason character in a series of television films for NBC beginning in 1985. Hargrove was able to bring back the two then-surviving cast members, Raymond Burr and Barbara Hale, for the first film, "Perry Mason Returns", in which Perry Mason resigns his position as an appellate court judge to defend Della Street on a murder charge. William Katt, Hale's real-life son, was cast as private investigator Paul Drake Jr., the

HBO revival.

In August 2016, HBO announced a potential new series written by Nic Pizzolatto and starring Robert Downey Jr. In August 2017 a change in the writing staff for the project was announced, with Rolin Jones and Ron Fitzgerald taking over for Pizzolatto. The series is expected to debut in June 2020 with Matthew Rhys as Perry Mason.

Episodes.

When asked by a fan why Perry Mason won every case, Burr told her, "But madam, you see only the cases I try on Saturday."  Mason is known to have lost, in some form or manner, three cases—"The Case of the Terrified Typist", "The Case of the Witless Witness", and "The Case of the Deadly Verdict".  Mason also loses a civil case at the beginning of "The Case of the Dead Ringer", partly due to being

Broadcast.

Broadcast history.

"Perry Mason" aired on CBS

Syndication.

At the time of its cancellation, "Perry Mason" was or had been airing in 58 countries. The show was subtitled in Chinese (for Hong Kong viewers), Danish, Dutch, Finnish, Flemish, Greek, Malay, Norwegian, Polish, and Swedish, and dubbed in Arabic, French, German, Japanese, Italian, Korean, Portuguese, Spanish, and Thai.  "Perry Mason" has been a staple in syndication, running for many years on local television stations (including WGN-TV in the 1990s when it was a Chicago-based superstation), TBS and on the Hallmark Channel. Originally, only 195 of the 271 episodes were available to stations. These episodes included all of the first six seasons (except the four Season 6 episodes in which Raymond Burr makes only brief appearances), four episodes of Season 7, and 14

Video on demand.

A 2014 article in "The Atlantic" that examined how Netflix categorized nearly 77,000 different personalized genres found that "Perry Mason" star Raymond Burr was rated as the favorite actor by Netflix users. Barbara Hale was rated seventh. Christian

Reception.

""Perry Mason" was television's most successful and longest-running lawyer series," wrote TV historian Tim Brooks. "It remains, I think, the best detective series ever made for television," wrote film historian Jon Tuska. "The definitive portrayal, of course, was by former screen heavy Raymond Burr on the CBS series (1957–1966) in scripts faithfully based on Gardner's novels", wrote mystery writer Max Allan Collins.

Influence.

In her confirmation hearings before the Senate Judiciary Committee in July 2009, Supreme Court nominee Sonia Sotomayor prefaced her remarks on the role of the prosecutor by saying that she was inspired by watching "Perry Mason" as a child. "I was influenced so greatly by a television show in igniting the passion that I had as being a prosecutor, and it was "Perry Mason"", Sotomayor said. In her 2013 memoir the Supreme Court justice wrote of the show's influence on her while she was growing up in a Bronx housing project. She granted

Cultural references.

A Perry Mason parody titled "The Night That Perry Masonmint Lost a Case" appeared in the July 1959 issue of "Mad" magazine.  Raymond Burr made a guest appearance in an episode of "The Jack Benny Program", titled "Jack On Trial for Murder" (November 5, 1961). He appears in character as Perry Mason in Benny's dream sequence about being tried for killing a rooster. Other "Perry Mason" cast include Grandon Rhodes as the process server, Frank Wilcox as the judge and George E. Stone as court clerk.  The character of Perry Mason was spoofed

Home media.

United States and Canada.

CBS Home Entertainment has released all nine seasons of "Perry Mason" on Region 1 DVD. Each season was released in two-volume half-season sets because each season of "Perry Mason" contains considerably more material than a modern TV series. The first season of "Perry Mason" featured 39 episodes, Season 3 had 26 episodes, and all other seasons had either 28 or 30 episodes; this compares with 22 for a typical modern series. In addition, "Perry Mason" episodes are 50–53 minutes long, while a 2014 Nielsen study found that modern one-hour shows are shortened to accommodate 14 to 15 minutes of commercials.  The DVDs contain the original full-length version of each episode. Episodes broadcast

International.

Region 2 DVD releases.

In Region 2, Paramount Home Entertainment has released

Region 4 DVD releases.

In Region 4, Paramount Home Entertainment has released the first two seasons on DVD in Australia/New Zealand. These releases are similar to the Region 1 releases whereby each season has been released in two-volume sets.  Via Vision Entertainment re-released the series in Australia in 2019.

Perry Mason is an American legal drama series originally broadcast on CBS television from September 21, 1957, to May 22, 1966. The title character, portrayed by Raymond Burr, is a fictional Los Angeles criminal-defense lawyer who originally appeared in detective fiction by Erle Stanley Gardner. Many episodes are based on stories written by Gardner.

Perry Mason est une série télévisée américaine en 271 épisodes de 52 minutes en noir et blanc (sauf un), créée d'après les romans de Erle Stanley Gardner et diffusée entre le et le sur le réseau CBS.


Darboux frame of an embedded curve.

Let "S" be an oriented surface in three-dimensional Euclidean space E. The construction of Darboux frames on "S" first considers frames moving along a curve in "S", and then specializes when the curves move in the direction of the principal curvatures.

Definition.

At each point of an oriented surface, one may attach a unit normal vector in a unique way, as soon as an orientation has been chosen for the normal at any particular fixed point. If is a curve in, parametrized by arc length, then the Darboux frame of is defined by The triple defines a positively oriented orthonormal basis attached to each point of the curve: a natural moving frame along the embedded curve.

Geodesic curvature, normal curvature, and relative torsion.

Note that a Darboux frame for a curve does not yield a natural moving frame on the surface, since it still depends on an initial choice of tangent vector. To obtain a moving frame on the surface, we first compare the Darboux frame of γ with its Frenet–Serret frame. Let  Since the tangent vectors are the same in both cases, there is a unique angle α such that a rotation in the plane of N and B produces the pair t and u:  Taking a differential, and applying the Frenet–Serret formulas yields  where:

Darboux frame on a surface.

This section specializes the case of the Darboux frame on a curve to the case when the curve is a principal curve of the surface (a "line of curvature"). In that case, since the principal curves are canonically associated to a surface at all non-umbilic points, the Darboux frame is a canonical moving frame.

The trihedron.

The introduction of the trihedron (or "trièdre"), an invention of Darboux, allows for a conceptual simplification of the problem of moving frames on curves and surfaces by treating the coordinates of the point on the curve and the frame vectors in a uniform manner. A trihedron consists of a point P in Euclidean space, and three orthonormal vectors e, e, and e based at the point P. A moving trihedron is a trihedron whose components depend on one or more parameters. For example, a trihedron moves along a curve if the point P depends on a single parameter "s", and P("s") traces out the curve. Similarly, if P("s","t") depends on a pair of parameters, then this traces out a surface.  A trihedron is said to be adapted to a surface if P always lies on the surface and e is the oriented unit normal to the surface at P. In the case of the Darboux frame along an embedded curve, the quadruple  defines a tetrahedron adapted to the surface into which the curve is embedded.  In terms of this trihedron, the structural equations read

Change of frame.

Suppose that any other adapted trihedron is given for the embedded curve. Since, by definition, P remains the same point on the curve as for the Darboux trihedron, and e = u is the unit normal, this new trihedron is related to the Darboux trihedron by a rotation of the form  where θ = θ("s") is a function of "s". Taking a differential and applying the Darboux equation yields  where the (ω,ω) are functions of "s", satisfying

Structure equations.

The Poincaré lemma, applied to each double differential ddP, dde, yields the following Cartan structure equations. From ddP = 0,  From dde = 0, The latter are the Gauss–Codazzi equations for the surface, expressed in the language of differential forms.

Principal curves.

Consider the second fundamental form of "S". This is the symmetric 2-form on "S" given by By the spectral theorem, there is some choice of frame (e) in which ("ii") is a diagonal matrix. The eigenvalues are the principal curvatures of the surface. A diagonalizing frame a, a, a consists of the normal vector a, and two principal directions a and a. This is called a Darboux frame on the surface. The frame is canonically defined (by an ordering on the eigenvalues, for instance) away from the umbilics of the surface.

Moving frames.

The Darboux frame is an example of a natural moving frame defined on a surface. With slight modifications, the notion of a moving frame can be generalized to a hypersurface in an "n"-dimensional Euclidean space, or indeed any embedded submanifold. This generalization is among the many contributions of Élie Cartan to the method of moving frames.

Frames on Euclidean space.

A (Euclidean) frame on the Euclidean space E is a higher-dimensional analog of the trihedron. It is defined to be an ("n" + 1)-tuple of vectors drawn from E, ("v"; "f",..., "f"), where: Let "F"("n") be the ensemble of all Euclidean frames. The Euclidean group acts on "F"("n") as follows. Let φ ∈ Euc("n") be an element of the Euclidean group decomposing as where "A" is an orthogonal transformation and "x" is a translation. Then, on a frame, Geometrically, the affine group moves the origin in the usual way, and it acts via a rotation on the orthogonal basis vectors since these are "attached" to the particular choice of origin. This is an effective and transitive group action, so "F"("n") is a principal homogeneous space of Euc("n").

Structure equations.

Define the following system of functions "F"("n") → E:  The projection operator "P" is of special significance. The inverse image of a point "P"("v") consists of all orthonormal bases with basepoint at "v". In particular, "P" : "F"("n") → E presents "F"("n") as a principal bundle whose structure group is the orthogonal group O("n"). (In fact this principal bundle is just the tautological bundle of the homogeneous space "F"("n") → "F"("n")/O("n") = E.)  The exterior derivative of "P" (regarded as a vector-valued differential form) decomposes uniquely as  for some system of scalar valued one-forms ω. Similarly, there is an "n" × "n" matrix of one-forms (ω) such that  Since the "e" are orthonormal under the inner product of Euclidean space, the matrix of 1-forms ω is skew-symmetric. In particular it is determined uniquely by its upper-triangular part (ω | "i" < "j"). The system of "n"("n" + 1)/2 one-forms (ω, ω ("i"<"j")) gives an absolute parallelism of "F"("n"), since the coordinate differentials can each be expressed in terms of them. Under the action of the Euclidean group, these forms transform as follows. Let φ be the Euclidean transformation consisting of a translation "v" and rotation matrix ("A"). Then the following are readily checked by the invariance of the exterior derivative under pullback:  Furthermore, by the Poincaré lemma, one has the following structure equations

Adapted frames and the Gauss–Codazzi equations.

Let φ : "M" → E be an embedding of a "p"-dimensional smooth manifold into a Euclidean space. The space of adapted frames on "M", denoted here by "F"("M") is the collection of tuples ("x"; "f"...,"f") where "x" ∈ "M", and the "f" form an orthonormal basis of E such that "f"...,"f" are tangent to φ("M") at φ("v").  Several examples of adapted frames have already been considered. The first vector T of the Frenet–Serret frame (T, N, B) is tangent to a curve, and all three vectors are mutually orthonormal. Similarly, the Darboux frame on a surface is an orthonormal frame whose first two vectors are tangent to the surface. Adapted frames are useful because the invariant forms (ω,ω) pullback along φ, and the structural equations are preserved under this pullback. Consequently, the resulting system of forms yields structural information about how "M" is situated inside Euclidean space. In the case of the Frenet–Serret frame, the structural equations are precisely the Frenet–Serret formulas, and these serve to classify curves completely up to Euclidean motions. The general case is analogous: the structural equations for an adapted system of frames classifies arbitrary embedded submanifolds up to a Euclidean motion.  In detail, the projection π : "F"("M") → "M" given by π("x"; "f") = "x" gives "F"("M") the structure of a principal bundle on "M" (the structure group for the bundle is O("p") × O("n" − "p").) This principal bundle embeds into the bundle of Euclidean frames "F"("n") by φ("v";"f") := (φ("v");"f") ∈ "F"("n"). Hence it is possible to define the pullbacks of the invariant forms from "F"("n"): Since the exterior derivative is equivariant under pullbacks, the following structural equations hold  Furthermore, because some of the frame vectors "f"..."f" are tangent to "M" while the others are normal, the structure equations naturally split into their tangential and normal contributions. Let the lowercase Latin indices "a","b","c" range from 1 to "p" (i.e., the tangential indices) and the Greek indices μ, γ range from "p"+1 to "n" (i.e., the normal indices). The first observation is that  since these forms generate the submanifold φ("M") (in the sense of the Frobenius integration theorem.)  The first set of structural equations now becomes  Of these, the latter implies by Cartan's lemma that  where "s" is "symmetric" on "a" and "b" (the second fundamental forms of φ("M")). Hence, equations (1) are the Gauss formulas (see Gauss–Codazzi equations). In particular, θ is the connection form for the Levi-Civita connection on "M".  The second structural equations also split into the following  The first equation is the Gauss equation which expresses the curvature form Ω of "M" in terms of the second fundamental form. The second is the Codazzi–Mainardi equation which expresses the covariant derivatives of the second fundamental form in terms of the normal connection. The third is the Ricci equation.

In the differential geometry of surfaces, a Darboux frame is a natural moving frame constructed on a surface. It is the analog of the Frenet–Serret frame as applied to surface geometry. A Darboux frame exists at any non-umbilic point of a surface embedded in Euclidean space. It is named after French mathematician Jean Gaston Darboux.

En géométrie différentielle, le repère de Darboux est un repère utile pour l'étude des courbes tracées sur une surface de l'espace euclidien orienté à trois dimensions. Il permet la définition des courbures normale et géodésique, et de la torsion géodésique.


Sociohistorical context.

The Theatre du Soleil was founded as a theatre collective in 1964, in the midst of cultural turmoil that was sweeping the western world. With the capitalist west and the Communist east locked in the midst of the Cold War, nuclear warfare was imminent while the whole of Europe was slowly recovering from the destruction of World War II. In 1965 Charles de Gaulle was re-elected President of France in the first election with direct popular vote for the office. The year 1968, a watershed for protests and turmoil around the world, was characterized by rebellion against conventional culture, huge political demonstrations, and labor strikes in France involving 11 million workers, students, and far-left politicians. It was in the middle of this period of uncertainty, changing cultural attitudes, and disillusionment that Mnouchkine, a student in land, started Le Theatre du Soleil with her peers who were interested in creating original theatre.

Timeline.

1964: Le Theatre du Soleil is established  1964–65: "Les Petits Bourgeois" presented at Théâtre Mouffetard  1965–66: "Capitaine Fracasse" presented at the Theater Récamier  1967: "La Cuisine" presented at Cirque de Montmartre  1968: "Le Songe d'une Nuit d'Ete (A Midsummer's Night's Dream)" "L'Arbre Sorcier, Jerome et la Tortue"  1969–70: "Les Clowns" presented at Festival d'Avignon, Piccolo Teatro de Milan  1970–1971: Le Theatre du Soleil moves to their permanent base, la Cartoucherie, a former munitions factory on the outskirts of Paris  "1789" opens in La Cartoucherie.  1974: Film version of "1789" released  1975: "L'Age d'Or"  1976–77: "Don Juan"  1978 "Molière," film directed by Ariane Mnouchkine and starring Philippe Caubère, presents the biography of Moliere. It was in competition for the Palme d'Or at Cannes in 1978.  1979–80: "Mephisto, Le Roman d'une Carriere"  1981–84: Translated works of Shakespeare are presented in cycles, including "Richard II" and "Henry IV" Parts 1 and 2  1985–86: "L'Histoire Terrible Mais Inachevee de Norodom Sihanouk, Roi du Cambodge"  1987–88: "L'Indiade ou L'Inde de leurs Reves"  1989: Film version of "La Nuit Miraculeuse"  1990–93: Cycle "Les Atrides" (including "Ipighenie a Aulis, Agamemnon, Les Choephores", and "Les Eumenides")  1993: "L'Inde, de Pere en Fils, de Mere en Fille"  1994: "La Ville perjure ou le Reveil des Erinyes"  1996–97: Film "Au Soleil Meme la Nuit"  1997–98: " Et Soudain des Nuits d'Eveil" "Tout est Bien qui Finit Bien"  1999–2002: "La Ville Parjure ou le Reveil des Erinyes" "Tambours sur la Digue"  2003–2006: "Le Dernier Caravanserail (Odyssees)" " Le Fleuve Cruel" "Origines et Destins"  2007–2009: "Les Ephemeres"  2008 : Film "L'Aventure du Theatre du Soleil"  2010–2011: "Les Naufrages du Fol Espoir" (reached 200th performance in February 2011)  March 19–22 – Japanese kyogen troupe, hosted by Le Theatre du Soleil at La Cartoucherie, performs traditional kyogen pieces and an adaptation of Shakespeare's "The Comedy of Errors"  May 4 – Company tour begins in Nantes  2014-2015: "Macbeth"  2016-2019: "Une Chambre en Inde" (A Room in India, performed in New York City in December 2017, at the Park Avenue Armory  2018: Kanata (directed by Robert Lepage, with the troupe of Théâtre du Soleil)

Mission and philosophy.

Founded by Ariane Mnouchkine, The Theatre du Soleil was founded in the 1960s as a reaction against traditional theatrical institutions in France. Although they have never presented a formalized mission statement, from their inception they have been characterized by a commitment to long-term collaborative rehearsal processes; the merging of a wide variety of art forms both Western and non-Western, including music, dance, and puppetry; actively communicating and mingling with their audiences; and maintaining a large, hierarchy-free company that lives together and equally shares the work of creating their productions. Company members describe working for the Theatre du Soleil as "a style of life", while a reviewer for "The New York Times" said of their production "Les Ephemeres": "The aim here is not to shape life into taut dramatic form but to present lived experience intimately and without evidence of artists' interpretation and manipulation." Mnouchkine summarized the philosophy of the organization as "Theatre du Soleil is the dream of living, working, being happy and searching for beauty and for goodness....It's trying to live for higher purposes, not for richness. It's very simple, really."  The company's productions have included both re-imaginings of classics of Western theatre such as Shakespeare's "Richard II" and Moliere's "Tartuffe", but the company is equally well known for their original works. The collective, consisting of 70 members as of July 2009, takes the concept and direction for their original productions from founder Ariane Mnouchkine, and works together in a collaborative rehearsal process that stretches out over many months to create a finished performance event. For example, their six-hour-long 2005 production "Le Dernier Caravansérail (Odyssées)" was based on a compilation of letters and interviews collected by Mnouchkine and her colleagues from refugee camps from around the world, while "Les Ephemeres" in 2009 was based on nine months of improvisations stemming from Mnouchkine's question: What would you do if you found out that all of humanity would die out within three months?  At other times, they provocatively, directly comment on contemporary events, such as their production of Tartuffe in which the title character was presented as an Islamic zealot at a time when there was a movement in France against foreign immigration. They have drawn inspiration from non-Western cultures, such as when they used bunraku-style puppetry in their production "Tambours sur la Digue." The company's emphasis on movement and physical theatre is in part due to Mnouchkine's study under Jacques Lecoq. Their performances also frequently feature direct contact between the actors and the audience members, whether through a dressing and makeup area that is open to the public's view or lunch for both actors and audience served at intermission. Beyond their production process, part of the company's philosophy includes communal living and a complete lack of hierarchy for every member of the organization. All employees, whether actors, administrators, or technicians, are paid the exact same wage, and must sometimes go without a salary for months when the company is not performing and earning income. The company lives together in shared housing and equally shares the work of cooking, cleaning, and otherwise maintaining their living space. In addition, all performers do technical work on productions, such as maintaining moving set pieces for "Les Ephemeres".

Major works.

The Theatre du Soleil's premiere performance was in 1964–65 with "Les Petits Bourgeois". The company's first widely recognized production was in 1967 with Arnold Wesker's 1957 play "The Kitchen". They continued on to form a theatre collective and produce their first major success "1789", a show about the French Revolution. Their performance suggested "the Revolution was subverted by those more concerned about property than justice". Another of the company's most famous works was "Les Atrides". This was made up of Euripides' "Iphigenia at Aulis" and Aeschylus' "The Oresteia". The production took over two years to mount, played in numerous countries including the United States and Germany, and integrated several forms of Asian dance and drama. In 2005, Le Theatre du Soleil presented "Le Dernier Caravanserail (Odyssees)" or "The Last Caravansary (Odysseys)."  One of the company's most recent major works was their production of "Les Ephemeres" created and directed by Ariane Mnouchkine. The show premiered at the 2009 Lincoln Center Festival. "Les Ephemeres" is centered on the river of time with its events both past and present. The Village Voice characterized the show's theme as "To go with the flow, to accept the fact that time is the great devastator. "Tout passe, tout casse, tout basse", says a French proverb: Everything passes, everything breaks, everything sinks." The performance is split in two three-and-a-half-hour-long sections with the full run time just over seven hours long.

Major players.

While Ariane Mnouchkine, acknowledged as the founder of the troupe, regularly acts as the company's concept creator and director, a number of her fellow students were also her collaborators in the initial founding of the company, including: Senior members such as Mnouchkine are not given preferential treatment. Mnouchkine, for example, refused to be interviewed alone for a "New York Times" article, although individuals such as Helene Cixous (playwright) and Jean-Jacques Lemetre (composer and musician) repeatedly fulfill specific production roles and have done so for many years.

Le Théâtre du Soleil (, "The Theater of the Sun") is a Parisian avant-garde stage ensemble founded by Ariane Mnouchkine, Philippe Léotard and fellow students of the "L'École Internationale de Théâtre Jacques Lecoq" in 1964 as a collective of theatre artists. Le Théâtre du Soleil is located at La Cartoucherie, a former munitions factory in the Vincennes area of eastern Paris. The company creates new theatrical works using a devising process based on utilizing physical theatre and improvisation.

Le Théâtre du Soleil est une compagnie de théâtre fondée sous forme de Scop par Ariane Mnouchkine en 1964 avec Philippe Léotard, Jean-Claude Penchenat, Roberto Moscoso, Françoise Tournafond.


Plot.

Peter Gunn is a well-dressed private investigator whose hair is always in place and who loves cool jazz. Where other gumshoes might be coarse, Peter Gunn is a sophisticate with expensive tastes. A contemporary article in "Life" noted that Edwards "deliberately tailored the part after the famous movie smoothie Cary Grant".  Gunn operates in a gloomy waterfront city, the name and location of which is never revealed in the series. He can usually be found at Mother's, a smoky wharfside jazz club that Gunn uses as his "office", usually meeting new clients there. His standard fee is $1,000 but it can be more, less, or nothing, depending on the client or the circumstances. Gunn has a reputation for integrity and being among the best investigators; he has many reliable informants and is extremely well-connected. His reputation is so good, the police occasionally ask "him" for help or advice. He sometimes works cases out of state and occasionally out of the country. Gunn was observed by a female character named Rowena in "Murder on the Midway" as "wearing $30 shoes, a $200 suit and carrying a solid gold cigarette lighter". Gunn drives a 1958 two-tone DeSoto two-door hardtop in the first few episodes of the first season, then a 1959 Plymouth Fury convertible with a white top and a car phone. In the third season Gunn drives a 1961 white Plymouth Fury convertible with a car phone.  Gunn's girlfriend, Edie Hart, is a sultry singer employed at Mother's; she opens her own restaurant and nightclub in season 3. Gunn's pet name for Edie is "Silly". Herschel Bernardi costarred as Lieutenant Charles "Chuck" Jacoby, a somber police detective and friend of Gunn who works at the 13th Precinct. Occasionally he refers people to Gunn as clients. In 1959, Bernardi received his only Emmy nomination for the role. Hope Emerson appeared as "Mother", who had been a singer and piano player in speakeasies during Prohibition. She received an Emmy nomination for the role. For the second season, "Mother" was played by Minerva Urecal, following the death of Emerson during the series' run. Associate producer Byron Kane portrayed Barney, the bartender at Mother's; Kane was never credited for playing this role. Bill Chadney appeared as Emmett, Mother's piano player. (Chadney and Albright were married in 1961.)  Both Billy Barty as pool hustler Babby and Herbert Ellis as Beat bistro owner, painter, and sculptor Wilbur, appeared in several episodes as occasional "information resources", as "Mother" also often is. Capri Candela played Wilbur's girlfriend, Capri. Morris Erby had the recurring role of Sgt. Lee Davis during all three seasons of the show. Frequent director Robert Gist appeared as an actor in different roles in three episodes. James Lanphier portrayed Leslie the maitre d'hôtel at Edie's restaurant and nightclub during season 3.

Cast.

Episodes.

"Peter Gunn" ran for three seasons starting in late 1958. A total of 114 episodes were produced during the three season run. "Peter Gunn" premiered on September 22, 1958 with the episode "The Kill". The first season ran from September 1958 through June 1959 and contained 38 episodes.

Origin of series.

Edwards developed "Peter Gunn" from an earlier fictional detective that he had created. "Richard Diamond, Private Detective" starred Dick Powell, and aired as a radio series from 1949 to 1953. David Janssen later starred in the television adaptation from 1957 to 1960. It was this character's success which prompted his creator to revisit the concept as Peter Gunn. Edwards had earlier written and directed a Mike Hammer television pilot for Brian Keith.  In a 1993 interview which can be found at Youtube.com, Craig Stevens talks about how he and co-star Lola Albright were hired for the show. (See below in External Links.)  Initial plans called for the title of the program to be Gunn for Hire. The change to "Peter Gunn" occurred after officials at Paramount Pictures complained that the title was similar to that of the 1942 Paramount film "This Gun for Hire".

Production.

Besides those directed by Blake Edwards, other episodes were directed by Boris Sagal, Robert Gist, Jack Arnold, Lamont Johnson, Robert Altman (for one episode) and several others. A total of 114 thirty-minute episodes were produced by Spartan Productions. Season one was filmed at Universal Studios, while seasons two and three were filmed at Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer. Philip H. Lathrop and William W. Spencer were cinematographers on many episodes. Craig Stevens' wardrobe was tailored by Don Richards and Lola Albright's fashions by Jax.

Music.

The show's use of modern jazz music was a distinctive touch that helped set the standard for many years to come, with cool jazz themes accompanying every move Gunn made. The music, composed by Henry Mancini, was performed by a small jazz ensemble which included a number of prominent Los Angeles-based jazz and studio musicians. Trumpeter Pete Candoli, alto saxophonist Ted Nash, flutist Ronny Lang, trombonist Dick Nash, and pianist John Williams provided most of the improvised jazz solos.  Prominent jazz musicians occasionally made on-screen appearances. Trumpeter Shorty Rogers appeared in the episode titled "The Frog" playing flugelhorn as Lola sings "How High the Moon". Drummer Shelly Manne, in addition to performing on the soundtrack album, was credited with a Special Guest role in the 1959 episode "Keep Smiling" playing drums in the "Bamboo Club" combo. Brazilian guitarist Laurindo Almeida plays guitar as himself in the 1959 episode "Skin Deep".  In his autobiography "Did They Mention the Music?" Mancini stated:  The "Peter Gunn Theme" became an instant hit, earning Mancini an Emmy Award nomination and two Grammys. The RCA Victor soundtrack album by Henry Mancini, "The Music from Peter Gunn", was voted Album of the Year at the 1st Annual Grammy Awards in 1959 and reached No. 1 in Billboard's Pop LP Charts. The popularity of this album prompted RCA Victor to issue a second Mancini album of "Peter Gunn" music titled "More Music from Peter Gunn". Bandleader Ray Anthony's recording of the theme music reached No. 8 on Billboard's Hot 100. Shelly Manne recorded two jazz albums of themes from the show in 1959, "Shelly Manne & His Men Play Peter Gunn" and "Son of Gunn!!".  "The Peter Gunn Theme" has been recorded and performed by numerous musicians. Today, many people who have never seen the TV show can easily identify the theme.  The theme was also used in the "Spy Hunter" arcade video game, and has been used by the Kilgore College Rangerettes as the tryout music for their specialty jazz group since the 1960's.

Emmy nominations.

The series was nominated for 8 prime time Emmys without wins, all in 1959. They were for Best Dramatic Series - Less than One Hour, Craig Stevens as best lead actor in a drama, Herschel Bernardi as best supporting actor in a drama, Lola Albright and Hope Emerson as best supporting actress in a drama, Henry Mancini for best musical contribution to a television production, and Blake Edwards for best writing and direction of a single episode of a drama series.

Adaptations.

The series made the transition to other media. An original novel and a comic book adaptation were published by Dell Publishing in 1960. A feature film, "Gunn", was released by Paramount Pictures in 1967, scripted by Edwards and William Peter Blatty and directed by Edwards with Stevens reprising the title role. A long-gestating ABC 90-minute pilot, "Peter Gunn" aired in April 1989 with Peter Strauss in the lead role that was written, produced, and directed by Edwards, but the network failed to order a series despite strong ratings and reviews.  In 2001, Edwards and his son, Geoffrey, joined with producers Jeffrey Tinnell and John Michaels and writer Norman Snider in developing an updated television series, "The New Peter Gunn" for Muse Entertainment in Canada. The project fell through when producers John Woo and David Permut began developing a big screen remake for Paramount with screenwriter W. Peter Iliff. "Once Upon a Time in L.A." was pitched as a possible vehicle for John Travolta or Harrison Ford. Neither revival made it beyond the script stage.  TNT announced a new series was in development in May 2013 from producers Steven Spielberg, Julie Andrews, Lou Pitt, Justin Falvey and Darryl Frank with writers Scott Rosenberg, Jeff Pinkner, Josh Appelbaum, and André Nemec. The proposed series was not picked up for the 2014–2015 season.  In 2017, Paramount renewed its agreement with The Blake Edwards Estate with the intent of developing the property.

Home media.

In 2002, A&E Home Video released two volume sets of "Peter Gunn" on DVD in Region 1, which comprise 32 episodes from Season One.  Timeless Media Group released "Peter Gunn – The Complete Series" on DVD in Region 1 in 2012. The 12-disc set features all 114 episodes of the series, as well as a bonus CD of Henry Mancini's score.

Peter Gunn was an American private eye television series, starring Craig Stevens as Peter Gunn with Lola Albright as his girlfriend Edie Hart, which aired on NBC from September 22, 1958, to 1960 and on ABC in 1960–1961. The series was created by Blake Edwards, who, on occasion, was also writer and director.

Peter Gunn est une série télévisée américaine policière en 114 épisodes de 26 minutes, en noir et blanc, créée et produite par Blake Edwards et diffusée entre le et le sur le réseau NBC.


Early life and career.

Obhrai was born on July 5, 1950 in Oldeani, Tanganyika, now Tanzania, to a Hindu family. His father died when Obhrai was six, so he was raised by his mother, who worked at a bank. Obhrai went to primary school in Moshi, a town near Mount Kilimanjaro, and went to high school in Arusha before transferring to the prestigious Daly College in Indore, India. He moved to the United Kingdom and trained as an air traffic controller. Disillusioned by discrimination he faced in Britain, he returned to Tanzania to work. In 1976, Obhrai was on duty at a nearby Tanzanian airport when the Entebbe raid took place in neighbouring Uganda.  Obhrai immigrated to Canada in 1977 with his wife Neena, whom he had married in 1971, and his daughter Priti. He originally wanted to immigrate to Montreal, but decided to avoid Quebec and go to Calgary instead because of the recent election of René Lévesque's secessionist Parti Québécois. Obhrai retrained as an accountant in Calgary and got a job with the municipal government. With his wife, he established a dry cleaning business that expanded to three stores.  In the 1990s Obhrai became more involved in Calgary community life, serving as the president of the India-Canada Association of Calgary, the Monterey Park Community Association, and the Hindu Society of Calgary. He also was the vice-president responsible for Alberta in the National Indo-Canadian Council.

Municipal and provincial politics.

In 1993, Obhrai lost a race for an alderman position on Calgary City Council. He launched a failed bid for the Progressive Conservative nomination for a provincial byelection in Calgary-McCall in 1995, and for Calgary-Montrose in 1996.

Federal politics.

Obhrai's successful bid for the Reform Party of Canada nomination in the 1997 federal election was initially obstructed by the local riding association, prompting officials from the office of the party leader, Preston Manning, to intervene. He won the nomination and the riding, and was re-elected when the Reform Party became the Canadian Alliance in 2000. In 2004, 2006, 2008, 2011, and 2015 he was elected as a member of the Conservative Party of Canada. He was also one of four Alliance MPs who agreed to sit with the Progressive Conservative caucus after the December 9, 2003 creation of the merged Conservative Party. The Progressive Conservative and Canadian Alliance parliamentary caucuses were not officially merged until a few weeks later.  As an opposition member he served as the Opposition critic for International Cooperation, Multiculturalism, International Trade and of CIDA.  In February 2006, Prime Minister Stephen Harper appointed Obhrai as Parliamentary Secretary to the Minister of Foreign Affairs. In March 2008, he was given the additional responsibility of Parliamentary Secretary to the Minister of International Cooperation, a role he held until November 2008; he would hold the role again from November 2010 to January 2011. During the 2011 Canadian federal election, Obhrai chose not to appear in an all-candidates debate in his riding, citing that his time was better spent talking with constituents. He also said that he "does not wish to debate a Liberal from Toronto," a reference to Calgary East Liberal candidate Josipa Petrunic, who despite her employment by the University of Toronto, was born and raised in Calgary, which was also where she conducted her research.  As a result of Gurbax Singh Malhi's defeat in the 2011 election, Obhrai became the longest serving member of parliament who was of South Asian and/or African ancestry. Obhrai penned a letter to the editor to the "Calgary Herald" and to his supporters saying that: "In my birth country, Tanzania, I would henceforth be referred to by the respectful title of "Mzee". In South Asia, I would receive the title of "Pradhaan". This means I have now reached the ranks of respected elders."  On September 19, 2013, Obhrai's role as Parliamentary Secretary to the Minister of Foreign Affairs was augmented when his role was expanded to include responsibility for international human rights. He was appointed to the Queen's Privy Council for Canada by Governor General of Canada David Johnston on the advice of Stephen Harper.  In September 2014, Obhrai received the Pride of India Award from the Indo-American Friends Group of Washington DC and the Indo-American Business Chamber in a dinner ceremony held on Capitol Hill for his contributions towards strengthening Canada's political, social and cultural relations with India and for his role in increasing Indian diaspora participation in pluralistic political activity.  Obhrai was the longest-serving Conservative MP in Canada's 42nd Parliament. Obhrai served as the International Development Critic in the Shadow Cabinet of Rona Ambrose, before resigning from the Shadow Cabinet to seek the Conservative Party leadership.

Conservative leadership campaign.

Obhrai ran in the 2017 Conservative Party of Canada leadership election. The focus of his campaign was promoting Conservative outreach to immigrant communities and opposing proposals by fellow leadership candidate Kellie Leitch to screen immigrants for Canadian values. Having received 0.41% of the vote on the first ballot, Obhrai was eliminated after the first round.

Post-leadership run.

Obhrai did not return to the Shadow Cabinet under new Conservative Leader Andrew Scheer.  In December 2017, it was reported that Obhrai was being challenged for the Conservative nomination in Calgary Forest Lawn for the 2019 election by former Calgary-East MLA Moe Amery.

Death.

Obhrai died of liver cancer on August 2, 2019 in Calgary. He had been diagnosed with the disease just a few weeks earlier. He was the longest-serving Conservative member of Parliament. A memorial service was held in Calgary several weeks after Obhrai's death. Stephen Harper and Andrew Scheer were among those who spoke at the service.

Deepak Obhrai (July 5, 1950 – August 2, 2019) was a Tanzania-born Canadian politician, representing the riding of Calgary East (until 2015) and Forest Lawn (from 2015) for the Reform Party of Canada and then the Conservative Party of Canada from 1997 until his death in 2019. He previously served as the Parliamentary Secretary to the Minister of Foreign Affairs. He was the first and only Hindu to become an MP in Canada, and at the time of his death was the longest continuously-serving Conservative MP. He ran in the 2017 Conservative Party of Canada leadership election, but was defeated in the first round of voting.

Deepak Obhrai (né le à Oldeani en Tanzanie et mort le à Calgary) est un homme politique canadien. Il est député à la Chambre des communes du Canada, représentant la circonscription de Calgary-Est sous la bannière du Parti conservateur du Canada.