Playing career.

Berra played youth hockey in his home town of Bülach, where he became a goaltender full-time at age 11. He played in the 2001 Quebec International Pee-Wee Hockey Tournament with a youth team from Zürich.  Berra played his first professional game in 2003–04 in the National League B (NLB) for GCK Lions, and two years later played his first National League A (NLA) games with ZSC Lions. He caught the attention of the St. Louis Blues during the 2006 World Junior Ice Hockey Championships, and the team selected him with their fourth round pick, 106th overall, at the 2006 National Hockey League (NHL) Entry Draft. Berra opted to remain in Switzerland where he was the back-up goaltender for the Lions, SCL Tigers and HC Davos. He was a member of HC Davos' Swiss championship team in 2009. Moving to EHC Biel for the 2009–10 NLA season, Berra became the team's starting goaltender and appeared in 40 games, posting a win-loss record of 16–20 and a goals against average (GAA) of 3.36. He improved over the following seasons, culminating in 2011–12 when he was named the NLA's goaltender of the year after posting a 23–26 record with Biel and a 2.45 GAA. As he played with Biel in the 2012–13 NLA season, Berra's NHL playing rights were traded by the Blues on 1 April 2013. The Calgary Flames acquired his rights, along with Mark Cundari and a first round draft selection, in exchange for defenceman Jay Bouwmeester.  After completing his fourth season with Biel, Berra believed his career had progressed to the point where he could succeed in North America. He signed a one-year contract with Calgary for the 2013–14 NHL season. The Flames wanted Berra to gain playing experience in North America and assigned him to their American Hockey League (AHL) affiliate, the Abbotsford Heat to start the season. After nine appearances with the Heat in which he recorded a 2.66 GAA and a.908 save percentage, Berra was recalled to Calgary. Berra made his NHL debut on 3 November 2013, making 42 saves for his first win as the Flames defeated the defending Stanley Cup champion Chicago Blackhawks, 3–2.  Berra appeared in 29 games for the Flames and posted a 9–17–2 record with a 2.95 GAA. On 5 March 2014, the Flames traded him to the Colorado Avalanche in exchange for a second round draft pick. Before making his debut with the Avalanche and as an impending free agent at season's end, Berra was signed to a three-year contract extension to assume the backup role to Semyon Varlamov on 13 March 2014.  On 16 January 2015, while playing for the Lake Erie Monsters, Berra became the 11th goalie in AHL history to score a goal, when he shot the puck the length of the ice to score in an empty net against the Chicago Wolves.  Approaching the final year of his contract and having been surpassed to third choice on the depth chart by Calvin Pickard, Berra was traded by the Avalanche to the Florida Panthers in exchange for Rocco Grimaldi on 23 June 2016. In the following 2016–17 season, as the Panthers third-string option as was assigned to inaugural AHL affiliate, the Springfield Thunderbirds. Berra led the Thunderbirds with 12 wins in 31 games, and was recalled to the Panthers to play out the regular season, appearing in 7 games.  On 11 February 2017, Berra agreed to a three-year contract with HC Fribourg-Gottéron of the National League for a reported worth of CHF 3.5 million. The contract would start from the 2017–18 season. On 5 July 2017, it was announced that Berra had used his NHL out clause in securing a one-year, one-way contract with the Anaheim Ducks. The remaining two years of his contract with Fribourg-Gottéron would remain valid.  Upon completing the 2017–18 season, having appeared in 5 games with the Ducks primarily as the club's third-string goaltender, Berra was announced to return to HC Fribourg-Gottéron to begin the previously agreed contract on 1 May 2018.  On August 22, 2019, Berra was signed to a four-year contract extension with Fribourg worth CHF 3.2 million through the 2023/24 season.

International play.

Berra has represented Switzerland at several international tournaments. He played with the national junior team three times; the first was at the 2005 IIHF World U18 Championships where Berra appeared in two games, winning one, for the ninth place Swiss. He also played in two World Junior Championships, appearing in all six of his nation's games each in 2006 and 2007 as Switzerland finished seventh both years. With the senior team, Berra appeared in four of his nation's seven games at the 2012 IIHF World Championship where he posted a record of 1–3 and had a GAA of 3.01.  At the 2013 IIHF World Championship, Berra split goaltending duties with Martin Gerber. Berra appeared in four games, winning all four and posting a GAA of 1.00. The unheralded Swiss team went on a "Cinderella run" at the championship, winning their first nine games of the tournament. The ninth win came in the semi-final as Berra led his team to an upset win over the United States. He recorded a shutout in a 3–0 win that guaranteed the Swiss their first World Championship medal in 60 years. Berra described the victory: "I think it's the biggest win since a long, long time for Switzerland and also I think for a lot of players it was the most important game in their life today." The tournament ended in disappointment for the Swiss as, with Gerber in goal, they lost the gold medal game, 5–1 to Sweden. The silver medal matched the best finish in Swiss history.  Hiller and Berra returned to the Swiss team for the 2014 Winter Olympics. Berra appeared in one of Switzerland's four games, a 1–0 defeat.

Reto Berra (born 3 January 1987) is a Swiss professional ice hockey goaltender who is currently playing for HC Fribourg-Gottéron of the National League (NL). Berra played seven seasons in Switzerland's National League A, spending time with the GCK Lions, HC Davos and SCL Tigers before joining EHC Biel in 2009 where he was the team's starting goaltender for four years. He was an NHL draft pick of the St. Louis Blues, selected in the fourth round of the 2006 NHL Entry Draft and was traded to the Calgary Flames, with whom he made his NHL debut in 2013–14. Internationally, Berra has played with the Swiss National Team on several occasions; he has appeared in two World Championships. At the 2013 tournament, he shared goaltending duties with Martin Gerber and helped lead Switzerland to a silver medal, the nation's first medal in 60 years.

Reto Berra, né le à Bülach, est un joueur professionnel suisse de hockey sur glace. Il a joué sept saisons dans la Ligue nationale A et cinq en Amérique du Nord. Il a été repêché par les Blues de Saint-Louis en 2006. Il joue actuellement pour le Hockey Club Fribourg-Gottéron.


Amateur career.

Michael Ray Bourn was born in Houston, Texas on December 27, 1982, the first of two sons to parents Carrie and Raymond. As a child, Michael played three sports, baseball, basketball and football. His Little League team was coached by his father. Teammates included Carl Crawford. At the age of 10, his father had him facing pitching in a batting cage.  Bourn attended Nimitz High School in Houston. He earned a scholarship to play college baseball at the University of Houston for the Houston Cougars baseball team, competing in NCAA Division I. He played with the Cougars for three seasons. While he displayed little power, collecting only two home runs and 23 extra-base hits in 644 at-bats, he won attention from professional scouts by posting a.431 on-base percentage and stealing 90 bases in 119 attempts. In 2002, he played collegiate summer baseball in the Cape Cod Baseball League for the Yarmouth-Dennis Red Sox.  He was named to the All-Tournament Team at the 2002 Conference USA Baseball Tournament, in which Houston was the runner-up.

Professional career.

Philadelphia Phillies.

In June 2003, following his junior year, the Philadelphia Phillies drafted Bourn in the fourth round, with the 115th overall selection of baseball's first-year player draft. Bourn signed shortly after the draft, and was assigned to play for the Batavia Muckdogs of the Class A-Short Season New York–Penn League. In 2004, Bourn was the starting center fielder with the Lakewood BlueClaws of the Class A South Atlantic League. Bourn ended the season with a.433 on-base percentage and an OPS of.903, earning 85 bases on balls in 109 games. He also stole 57 bases in 63 attempts – a success rate of over ninety percent. Following the season, he was named to "Baseball America"s Top Ten Prospects list for the Phillies organization.  Bourn started the 2006 season with the Reading Phillies of the Class AA Eastern League, and was promoted to the Scranton/Wilkes-Barre Red Barons of the Class AAA International League late in July 2006. In early September 2006, Bourn took a brief hiatus from his professional obligations to play for the USA Olympic qualifying team, for whom he hit two home runs to help Team USA defeat Cuba in the gold-medal game. Bourn was then promoted to the expanded major league roster. He was sent to home plate to bat only 11 times during the month of September, but was used frequently as a pinch runner as the Phillies competed for the National League's wild card position (ultimately coming up two games short) to the Los Angeles Dodgers. Disappointingly, he stole only one base in three attempts during the month, and was memorably tagged out after accidentally oversliding second base on a steal attempt in a late-season loss against the Washington Nationals on September 26, 2006.  After a strong performance during spring training in 2007, Bourn won a position on the Phillies' major league roster to begin the year. He was used sparingly, appearing primarily as a frequent defensive replacement in left field for Pat Burrell.  On July 15, 2007, Bourn hit his first career home run as the Phillies recorded their 10,000th franchise loss by losing to the St. Louis Cardinals 10–2. On July 27, Bourn was in the Phillies' starting lineup for the first time due to injuries to both Chase Utley and Aaron Rowand, and had his first 4-hit game in an 8–1 rout of the Pirates, in which he scored two runs.  Bourn finished third among all NL rookies with 18 stolen bases, and was caught only once. He batted.277.

Houston Astros.

On November 7, 2007 Bourn was traded along with Geoff Geary and Mike Costanzo to the Houston Astros for Brad Lidge and Eric Bruntlett. Houston's General Manager, Ed Wade, declared Bourn as the 2008 Astros' leadoff hitter and starting center fielder, effectively moving Hunter Pence to right field.  Bourn stole 41 bases in 2008. Among players who had enough plate appearances to qualify, Bourn's OPS was the worst in the Majors in 2008. He finished the season with a.229 batting average and a major league-low.288 on-base percentage and a major league-low OPS of.588, while striking out 111 times in his 467 at-bats.  In 2009 spring training, Bourn led all players in steals, with 13, while being caught twice. Bourn had a major turnaround year, as he finished with 61 stolen bases, which was the most in the National League and second in the Majors only to the 70 steals by Jacoby Ellsbury, to go along with a.285 BA and a.354 OBP in 157 games, as well as 27 doubles and 12 triples (tied for second most in the Majors with Stephen Drew) in 606 ABs. Bourn's OPS went from.588 in 2008 to.738 in 2009, which was the eighth best improvement in the Majors. His much improved play prompted former manager Cecil Cooper to informally name him the club MVP before he was fired. The Houston chapter of the Baseball Writers' Association of America formally named Bourn the Astros 2009 team MVP shortly after the end of the season.  Changing his uniform number to 21, Bourn followed up his breakout season with another successful year in 2010, being elected to the National League All-Star team and was in the outfield when the final out of the game was recorded. Bourn suffered an oblique injury on September 19 while swinging at a pitch, causing him to miss the final 3 weeks of the season. He finished the year hitting.265 with a.341 on-base percentage and a.346 slugging percentage. He won a Fielding Bible Award for his statistically based defensive excellence in center field during the year. He was later awarded his second consecutive Gold Glove award on November 10.

Atlanta Braves.

In July 2011, prior to the trade deadline, Bourn was traded to the Atlanta Braves for Jordan Schafer, Brett Oberholtzer, Paul Clemens and Juan Abreu. Bourn finished 2011 with a career best.294 batting average and 61 stolen bases (39 with the Astros and 22 with the Braves).  Bourn was named a candidate in the All-Star Final Vote, with the winner being added to the 2012 MLB All-Star Game roster. Bourn finished second behind David Freese but was added to the roster a day later as a replacement for the injured Ian Desmond.  In 2012, Bourn hit.274 and with a.739 OPS for the Braves. He stole 42 bases and hit a career high nine home runs. His 155 strikeouts were a new career high. Bourn finished 18th in the voting for the N.L. MVP.  In November, Bourn rejected the Braves $13.3 million qualifying offer and became a free agent.

Cleveland Indians.

On February 11, 2013, Bourn agreed to a four-year, $48 million contract with the Cleveland Indians that includes a vesting option for 2017, which would be met if he records 550 plate appearances in the final guaranteed year, 2016. He is the Tribe's first player to wear a number 24 on his back since Grady Sizemore from 2004 to 2011.  Bourn played in 130 games in 2013, as he battled injuries throughout the season. He had 23 steals, which was his lowest total since 2007, when he was with the Philadelphia Phillies.  On May 27, 2014, Bourn robbed White Sox captain Paul Konerko of a two-run homer in the 8th inning. The Indians lost that game 2–1. On May 30, Bourn collected his 1,000 career hit in eventual win over the Colorado Rockies. Two days later on June 1, Bourn hit a walk-off two-run home run to lead the Indians to a 6–4 win over and three–game sweep of the Rockies.  Bourn struggled offensively to begin the 2015 season. On April 26 against the Detroit Tigers, he was dropped from the leadoff spot in the lineup for the first time as a Cleveland Indian as a result of his struggles, batting ninth instead.

Second stint with the Atlanta Braves (2015).

On August 7, 2015, the Indians traded Bourn and Nick Swisher with cash considerations to the Atlanta Braves for Chris Johnson. He was designated for assignment on April 2, 2016, and released on April 14.

Toronto Blue Jays.

Bourn signed a minor league contract with the Toronto Blue Jays on April 22, 2016. He was assigned to the Advanced-A Dunedin Blue Jays, and hit.257 in 9 games before being released on May 7.

Arizona Diamondbacks.

On May 10, 2016, Bourn signed a minor league contract with the Arizona Diamondbacks. The Diamondbacks assigned Bourn to the Mobile BayBears of the Class AA Southern League. After playing in five games for Mobile, the Diamondbacks promoted Bourn to the major leagues.  In 89 games with the Diamondbacks, Bourn slashed.262/.307/.373 with 21 extra-base hits while driving in 30 runs and stealing 13 bases.

Baltimore Orioles.

The Diamondbacks traded Bourn to the Baltimore Orioles for Jason Heinrich on August 31, 2016. Bourn made an immediate impact with the O's with his offense, speed and defense, including an outfield assist to end the game in a 5-4 win against the Rays to preserve teammate Zach Britton's perfect season as a closer.  On February 20, 2017, Bourn re-signed with the Orioles to a minor league contract. He was released on March 27, but later resigned on April 11. The Orioles released him on May 24, 2017.

Los Angeles Angels of Anaheim.

On June 2, 2017, Bourn signed a minor league deal with the Angels. On July 2, 2017, the Angels released Bourn.

Personal life.

Michael has one son, Bryson, who was born in 2009.

Michael Ray Bourn (born December 27, 1982) is an American former professional baseball center fielder, who has played in Major League Baseball (MLB) for the Philadelphia Phillies, Houston Astros, Atlanta Braves, Cleveland Indians, Arizona Diamondbacks, and Baltimore Orioles. He has also been a member of the United States national baseball team.

Michael Ray Bourn (né le à Houston, Texas, États-Unis) est un voltigeur des Orioles de Baltimore de la Ligue majeure de baseball.


History.

In pre-Columbian times until finally took place was the site of the nation's territory Juries, who left traces of their settlements as mortars made of stone in the hills of the city.  In the 1860s, Don Clemente Martinez takes possession of those lands, to die, his wife then married the provincial deputy Pedro Cano, who in 1874 lifted the stay "El Recreo" which had the main house, pools of water, wind mill at the foot of the hills and his own family temple today San Roque Parish Recreation Montpellier. This place also used to be called "Recreation of the wagons" because in this place to park the carts used to rest a while and then continued his journey. On May 9, 1875 reaches the tip of the railroad track to the room being divided it into two. This event determined the population settlement in place, and that is why Leisure does not have a founder as the foundation and most other cities in the province that were founded after the fashion of European cities.  Later land was expropriated from the stay so that people could live in the zone and when installed around the room were immediately evicted by the owner of the land, then led four other expropriations.  On March 24, 1892 there was an earthquake in the area, reaching a magnitude of 6.0 degrees on the Richter scale and an intensity of VII degree on the Mercalli scale, caused severe damage to the buildings of the city and there were some fatalities.  On 30 June 1962 was inaugurated Motegasta Dam about twenty kilometers from the town of ICAN, which will provide water to the inhabitants of the town of Recreo.  In 1982 he began promoting industry and in 1983 inaugurated the zonal hospital Liborio Forte. Between 1986 and 1987 to reach the different factories that cause Recreation fastest growing demographic to date.  On 19 December 1986 is created by the Leisure shield Second Felindor seños Pineda. In 1992 he operated the municipality of Recreation.  In 2005 Recess has no available land belonging to the PE provincial or municipality to expand. And on 15 June 2007 the lord is created the official flag of the town of Recreo.

Demographics.

It has 10,147 inhabitants (INDEC, 2001), representing an increase of 49.46% compared with 6789 inhabitants (INDEC, 2001) the previous census and 50% of the population department.  According to the projections for the 2007 it had 14,204 inhabitants, thus leaving the fifth most populous city in the province after San Fernando del Valle de Catamarca, Valle Viejo, Santa Maria and Tinogasta. Although the increase in population began to decline since 2006.

Economy.

The city's economy is driven mainly by industries that export their products to other countries and the rest of the country, which are: food industries, Arcor, clothing, Fabrizzi; armed accumulator, Plaka, footwear, Willy; appliances, Barbero, textiles, Sabri and Tejica, minerals, ores of El Recreo. To a lesser extent the population is engaged in agriculture and raised cows and goats.

Tourism.

Tourism is not as great as in other cities of the province. The main destinations are "Christ the Redeemer" located in the hills, from which it has access to a great view of the city, festivals and events throughout the year, the main square, church, train station and the municipal campsite.

Culture.

A well-established custom in the city as in most of Argentina is an infusion of drinking mate very famous in this country as in certain sectors of Paraguay, Uruguay, Brazil, Chile and Bolivia are also infusions popular tea, mate tea, coffee, and coffee which are often accompanied by pastries called "recibos", rosquetes, tablets, cheese, etc.. As for the barbecue lunch and the kid are the traditional.

Transportation.

From the train station used to go Leisure trains carrying passengers during the last half of the 19th century and throughout the 20th century until 1977. Currently they are only used for cargo transport, especially cereals. Today only the go bus terminal groups that target different parts of the country and also the Department. Like a few decades ago the planes could land at the municipal airfield located south of the city until later abandoned.

Media.

It has four FM radio stations. 93.5 FM The Voice, Radio Líder FM 103.3, FM 100.1 and FM Del Este 99.7 Municipal transmitting live music on internet from the municipality. The city has an "official website", two newspapers now publish on the Internet where information and news site. It also has a web site showing pictures and videos of social events offering more sociocultural, political, commercial and industrial city of Recreation.  Has long had a television but was later canceled.

Religion.

The city is home to people of different faiths and religions to be the largest Catholic. Of which there are two churches and two chapels. Evangelical Church also has several churches like the Church of Jehovah's Witnesses.  Apart sects are not so numerous as Mormons, atheists, agnostics, etc.

Education.

Leisure education system consists of the initial level 1st, 2nd and 3rd cycle of EGB: composed of five schools spread throughout the city. And two educational establishments Polimodal Level: College Polimodal No. 22 (ex-technical school) where he works at night Polimodal College Multipurpose No. 60 Art where you can learn pottery painting and carry musical instruments, and the Private School Immaculate Conception (CPIC )-first secondary school in eastern Catamarca, where it also operates a secondary school for adults to CENS No. 189, the building is the home of the Festival del Cabrito.  Tertiary (IES Recreation) operates during the night shift at the local School No. 280, School of Basic General Education. A school for differently abled persons School No. 9 "Fray Mamerto Esquiu. A police school which children attend from three to thirteen. And the Public Library Estanislao Zeballos (named after the writer and politician Estanislao Zeballos) located opposite the main square.  The 29.00% of the population has completed primary school, the 53.27% have completed primary school but incomplete, 12.68% have finished high school but incomplete tertiary or university, and only 5.05% have tertiary or complete university.

Recreo is a city in Catamarca Province, Argentina. It is the head town of the La Paz Department. Recreo is also referred to the name of the Carts Recreo ("Recreo de las Carretas" in Spanish).

Recreo est une ville de la province de Catamarca et le chef-lieu du département de La Paz en Argentine. Elle est située à 206 km de San Fernando del Valle de Catamarca, la capitale provinciale.


Introduction.

The parental expectation of having an "empty nest", traditional in the United States and some other industrialized cultures, has increasingly given way in the 1990s and 2000s to the reality of a "cluttered nest" or "crowded nest". The latter term was popularized by Kathleen Shaputis's 2004 book "The Crowded Nest Syndrome: Surviving the Return of Adult Children", which takes a critical view of the trend.  University of Western Ontario professor Roderic Beaujot discusses the phenomenon of delayed home-leaving at length. He cites Canadian census statistics showing that, in 1981, 27.5% of Canadians aged 20–29 lived with their parents; in 2001, the figure had grown to 41%. In the United States the proportion of adults ages 20 to 34 living with their parents has increased from 9% in 1960 to almost 17% in 2000. However, US census data also suggest that the rate at which adult children have been living with parents has been steady since 1981. The U.S. Census Bureau reported a 5 percent point increase in the number of young men (ages 24–34) living with their parents for the period between 2005 (14%) and 2011 (19%). For the same period, the number of young women living with their parents increased from 8% in 2005 to 10% in 2011.  The coming of age of this generation coincide with the economic downturn starting with the collapse of the stock market bubble in 2000. This led to rising unemployment until 2004, the same time this generation was entering the workforce after high school or college graduation. Additionally, in the new economy, where globalisation-induced phenomena like outsourcing have eliminated many jobs, real wages have fallen over the last twenty years, and a college degree no longer ensures job stability. Additionally, with the financial crisis of 2007-08 hitting much of the world, many young people were either laid off or could no longer afford to live on their own. Moving back home allows them the option of unpaid internships and additional schooling without the burden of paying rent at market rates (or paying rent at all).  An increase in divorce rates as well as a delay in initial marriage are other contributing factors in young adults returning to reside with their parents.  This generation differs from previous ones in that many members expect to remain with their parents for some years while maintaining their own social and professional lives. Home-leaving remains a priority for most in the Boomerang Generation, though financial burden (and the comforts of financial stability in their parents' homes) often delays the fruition of that goal.

Trend.

The phenomenon of boomeranging/delayed home-leaving has generated considerable inquiry and debate, including academic studies at reputable universities; full-length books, such as "The Hands-On Guide to Surviving Adult Children Living at Home" by Christina Newberry; articles in national newspapers; documentaries, such as "Generation Boomerang"; and major motion pictures, such as "Failure to Launch" (2006) starring Matthew McConaughey.

Support.

Economic instability is the primary justification for this phenomenon, as articulated in Kimberly Palmer's 2007 "U.S. News & World Report" article "The New Parent Trap: More Boomers Help Adult Kids out Financially". In particular, the term Boomeranger has been used to draw reference to those Gen-Xers and Gen-Yers of the Boomerang Generation who have either returned to an earlier, more modest lifestyle or have simply moved back home with parents and other loved ones, in response to the Great Recession. Where the young person and his/her parents can tolerate the arrangement, it provides tremendous financial relief to the young person. Such co-residence can be a valuable form of insurance, particularly for youths from poorer families. It may also provide non-negligible income to the parents, though in many cultures, the boomeranger retains all or nearly all of their disposable income for discretionary income purchases.  Though inter-generational cohabitation is "terra incognita" for many in modern industrialized Western societies and therefore challenging, those who attempt it can benefit from the experience. The arrangement tends to force all involved to communicate and negotiate in ways they did not when the children were pre-adults. In the best case, this can lead to healthy adult relationships between parents and children.  This can benefit parents when they reach old age. In societies where it is common for children to live with their parents into adulthood, such as Asian and Hispanic cultures, children more frequently take care of aging parents rather than devolving the responsibility on a third party, such as a nursing home. Whether the Boomerang Generation will follow suit remains to be seen, as the older Baby Boom generation ages. The recession has also affected the Baby Boomers as well, perhaps even more so than their children, as many lost significant investments and savings intended for retirement. In this case, the cohabitation of parents and their adult children could be mutually beneficial in terms of easing the financial burden. While the boomerangers may live rent free, it is common for them to take on other financial responsibilities in return, such as groceries or utilities.  In 2014, 20% of adults in their 20s and early 30s were residing with their parents, which is twice the amount of the previous generation. Though there are many reasons cited for the need for parental support, one of the greatest contributing factors is said to be student loan debt. 45% of 25-year-old college graduates currently owe $20,000 or more. For some families, the financial instability of the mid-2000s caused a decrease in funds allocated for higher education, therefore decreasing parental financial contributions and causing the need for more loans to cover educational costs. And while student loans are more frequently taken out in the student’s name, some parents who took out loans are facing substantial debt and are now relying on their adult children to provide financial assistance while they pay them off.

Opposition.

Critics of the practice of boomeranging, such as Shaputis, worry about the negative effect this trend has on the financial and social independence of the children.  Those who return home from the unrestrictive nature of college dorm life may have difficulty readjusting to their parents' domestic expectations. Where living space is shared, gatherings with friends can be limited in frequency or scope. Dating is similarly constrained and can be impaired by the stigma of the young adult's perceived inability to function independently of their parents.

Boomerang Generation is a term applied in Western culture to young adults graduating high school and college in the 21st century. They are so named for the percentage of whom choose to share a home with their parents after previously living on their own—thus boomeranging back to their parents' residence. This arrangement can take many forms, ranging from situations that mirror the high dependency of pre-adulthood to highly independent, separate-household arrangements.

Le phénomène Tanguy désigne un phénomène social selon lequel les jeunes adultes tardent à se séparer du domicile familial. Cette dénomination vient du film "Tanguy", d'Étienne Chatiliez, dont le personnage éponyme s'enferme dans ce type de situation. Une nouvelle expression est ainsi apparue pour désigner la classe d'âge de ces jeunes gens : la génération Tanguy.


Construction.

The Pashkov House was erected in 1784—1786 by a Muscovite nobleman, Pyotr Pashkov. He was a retired Captain Lieutenant of the Guards Semenovsky Regiment and the son of Peter the Great's batman. The building is believed to have been designed by Vasili Bazhenov. Throughout the 20th century Bazhenov's authorship was disputed, since no written evidence has survived the ages, and the only thing that serves as a proof is oral tradition and similarities to Bazhenov's other buildings.

Renown.

As soon as it was completed, the Pashkov House became a landmark of Moscow. For many years a splendid palace of white stone standing on the Vagankovsky Hill has amazed people and is considered to be one of the most beautiful buildings in the Russian capital. It is one of the key locations described by Mikhail Bulgakov in his novel "The Master and Margarita":  ""At sunset, high over the city, on the stone terrace of one of the most beautiful houses in Moscow, a house built about a hundred and fifty years ago, there were two: Woland and Azazello. They could not be seen from the street below, because they were hidden from unwanted eyes by a balustrade with plaster vases and plaster flowers. But they could see the city almost to its very edges.""

Description.

Location.

Impressive view of the building is partly due to the site where it was built. The Pashkov House stands on a high Vagankovo hill, as though continuing the line of its ascent, on an open corner of two descending streets. The front facade faces the sunny side. The mansion was erected a bit skewed and not along the straight line of the street relative to the street and to the entrance from the Starovagankovsky Lane. Because of this, the Pashkov House is better perceived from sideways, farther angle viewpoints.  Location of the building also has a symbolical importance: the Pashkov House towers a hill opposite the Borovitsky hill topped by the Kremlin. It was the first secular building in Moscow, from the windows of which one could see the towers and building of the Kremlin "not" bottom upwards, and could observe Ivanovskaya Square and Cathedral Square.

Estate lay-out.

The building has a varied and interesting silhouette, being formed by three compact cubages: main building and two flanking service wings. The mansion, being at the same time a town manor, has a flat-topped lay-out with a court of honor opened towards the entrance. The solution is unorthodox, since the entrance is from the side street and not from the main facade, and the traditional lay-out is inverted. the high hill serves as a base of the building. There was a garden in front of the mansion before the 1930s.  Lay-out of the garden in front of the building impresses by its splendor: When the Mokhovaya Street was expanded, the land plot adjacent to the house, shrunk to the slope only.  The only entrance to the Pashkov House accessible for coaches was from the Starovagankovsky Lane. It is on the same axis with the main cubage of the building, which is underlined by the whole system of development of the palace. A principle of contract is extensively applied: large and small are contrasted:  Such general layout involving contrasts is influenced by the preceding Baroque period with its love of intricately interpreted volume. A three-dimensional system is formed, which is full of contrast effects and contributing to more dramatical perception of the architectural dominant of the whole complex, the main building.  Adjoining to the estate is Saint Nicholas Church, which used to be a family chapel.

Neoclassical facades.

The Pashkov House has two main facades, one facing the carriageway and being palatial and solemn, the other facing the yard and looking cozier and more like a country estate.  The facade looking on to the Mokhovaya Street is characterized by linear expansion. The arrangement centrifugally unwraps around and above. Two one-storey tunnels run to the right and to the left of the central cube ending in two-storied Service wings. The main building has colonnaded porticos on both sides. The building is topped with a cylindrical belvedere. These devices are common for Palladianism.

Order system.

In contrast to rusticated ground floor, the porticoes use great order linking two floors. Thanks to a not-too-high but full-width base, such linking of the two floors by a colonnade increases immensity of the building.  Three porticoes of the facade are located head-on. The Pashkov House is a rare sample in the global architecture, where three porticoes are used for such facade arrangement, which are absolutely similar by their main dimensions and number of columns. Only the order used is different.  The columns and pilasters of the central building use composite Corinthian order (it is pictured in its details with more freedom and distinction as compared to usual canons). There are statues put on column bases, on each side of the four column portico.  The columns and pilasters of the service wings use intricate Ionic order with the so-called diagonal column caps emphasizing artistic independence and role of the service wings in the facade arrangement.  The balustrade enframing the roof of the central building has magnificent vases on the posts which smooth passage from frieze and cornice to the belvedere topping off the central cubage. The belvedere is not such static form as a pediment, and emphasizes the ascent of the whole arrangement, augmenting the Pashkov House building.

Inner layout.

Main and most grand premises of the palace were in its central building, entrance to which was along the axis of the building, from the side of the соurt of honor. Main vestibule was also located along the axis of the main building, where you can see the grand staircase. To the right of the vestibule, clear of the central axis, there was a grand staircase to the first floor leading to the ante-room and to the main hall. The service wings accommodated residential and service rooms.

Building conversions.

According to some sources, original color of the walls was orange. Paul I started changing the Bazhenov's appearance of the building: upon his orders, the statue of "Minerva" (or "Mars", symbolizing the victories of the reign of his mother) crowning the dome, was removed from it.

Imperial period.

During the Napoleon's invasion the building suffered heavy damage: the wooden belvedere with the Corinthian order roundabout colonnade crowning the building was destroyed, as well as a large statuary and coat of arms of the Pashkovs on the entablature of the central portico.

The Pashkov House () is a neoclassical mansion that stands on a hill overlooking the western wall of the Moscow Kremlin, near the crossing of the Mokhovaya and Vozdvizhenka streets. Its design has been attributed to Vasily Bazhenov. It used to be home to the Rumyantsev Museum—Moscow's first public museum—in the 19th century. The palace's current owner is the Russian State Library.

La Maison Pachkov (Дом Пашкова) est un palais néoclassique de Moscou, construit par Vassili Bajenov entre 1784-1788 situé rue Mokhovaïa, dans le centre historique de Moscou en face du Kremlin.


Museum.

Visitors begin at the top floor. The first room is dedicated to Hergé's life. The second room displays Hergé's many interests, his early commercial illustrations, and his early comics. Visitors then cross a long walkway, viewing the lobby on one side and an oak forest outside on the other. The third room introduces the world of Tintin, with nine glass vitrines dedicated to the main characters of the series. The fourth room focuses on Hergé and cinema. Moving down one floor, visitors enter the largest room in the museum, devoted to places in the world Tintin has travelled. Next to this is another large room of Professor Calculus' "laboratory", which focuses on science in the Tintin books. Crossing a lower bridge, visitors learn about Studios Hergé. The final room is called "Hergé Acclaimed", showing Hergé's connections to politicians, artists and philosophers. On the main floor is the space for temporary exhibitions, such as "Into Tibet With Tintin". Visitors are offered a three-hour narrated tour of the museum via headphones connected to an iPod. 100,000 visitors arrived during the museum's first year.  During the museum's inauguration, journalists were informed of the museum's policy that no photos are allowed to be taken inside the museum to prevent "copyright abuse due to the work exposed". Disgruntled, some journalists left the museum. Journalists were allowed to photograph some parts of the museum when King Albert II toured the museum the following month. Today, the museum is mainly visited by tourists. The museum has been accused of catering to die-hard fans at the expense of other groups.  In October 2013, it was announced that the museum was operating at a loss. Although the museum is entirely private and belongs to the Hergé Foundation which holds rights over Hergé's work, the owner, Nick Rodwell, requested financial assistance from the Belgian government.

The Musée Hergé, or Hergé Museum, is a museum in Belgium dedicated to the life and work of the Belgian cartoonist Georges Remi (1907–83), who wrote under the pen name Hergé, creator of the series of comic albums, "The Adventures of Tintin".

Le musée Hergé est un musée consacré à l'auteur belge de bandes dessinées Hergé, créateur des "Aventures de Tintin", de "Quick et Flupke" et de "Jo, Zette et Jocko", "Popol et Virginie" et de "Totor, CP des Hanetons". Situé à Louvain-la-Neuve (province du Brabant wallon, en Belgique), le bâtiment de a été dessiné par l'architecte français Christian de Portzamparc et a officiellement ouvert ses portes le.


History.

was first discovered by J. J. Thomson in 1911. While studying the resultant species of plasma discharges, he discovered something very odd. Using an early form of mass spectrometry, he discovered a large abundance of a molecular ion with a mass-to-charge ratio of 3. He stated that the only two possibilities were C or. Since C would be very unlikely and the signal grew stronger in pure hydrogen gas, he correctly assigned the species as.  The formation pathway was discovered by Hogness & Lunn in 1925. They also used an early form of mass spectrometry to study hydrogen discharges. They found that as the pressure of hydrogen increased, the amount of increased linearly and the amount of decreased linearly. In addition, there was little H at any pressure. These data suggested the proton exchange formation pathway discussed below.  In 1961, Martin "et al." first suggested that may be present in interstellar space given the large amount of hydrogen in interstellar space and its reaction pathway was exothermic (~1.5 eV). This led to the suggestion of Watson and Herbst & Klemperer in 1973 that is responsible for the formation of many observed molecular ions.  It was not until 1980 that the first spectrum of was discovered by Takeshi Oka, which was of the ν fundamental band using a technique called frequency modulation detection. This started the search for interstellar. Emission lines were detected in the late 1980s and early 1990s in the ionospheres of Jupiter, Saturn, and Uranus.  In 1996, was finally detected in the interstellar medium (ISM) by Geballe & Oka in two molecular interstellar clouds in the sightlines GL2136 and W33A. In 1998, was unexpectedly detected by McCall "et al." in a diffuse interstellar cloud in the sightline Cygnus OB2#12. In 2006 Oka announced that was ubiquitous in interstellar medium, and that the Central Molecular Zone contained a million times the concentration of ISM generally.

Structure.

The three hydrogen atoms in the molecule form an equilateral triangle, with a bond length of 0.90 Å on each side. The bonding among the atoms is a three-center two-electron bond, a delocalized resonance hybrid type of structure. The strength of the bond has been calculated to be around 4.5 eV (104 kcal/mol).

Isotopologues.

In theory, the cation has 10 isotopologues, resulting from the replacement of one or more protons by nuclei of the other hydrogen isotopes; namely, deuterium nuclei (deuterons, ) or tritium nuclei (tritons, ). Some of them have been detected in interstellar clouds. They differ in the atomic mass number "A" and the number of neutrons "N":  The deuterium isotopologues have been implicated in the fractionation of deuterium in dense interstellar cloud cores.

Formation.

The main pathway for the production of is by the reaction of and H.  The concentration of is what limits the rate of this reaction in nature: the only known natural source of it is via ionization of H by a cosmic ray in interstellar space by the ionization of H:  The cosmic ray has so much energy, it is almost unaffected by the relatively small energy transferred to the hydrogen when ionizing an H molecule. In interstellar clouds, cosmic rays leave behind a trail of, and therefore. In laboratories, is produced by the same mechanism in plasma discharge cells, with the discharge potential providing the energy to ionize the H.

Destruction.

The information for this section was also from a paper by Eric Herbst. There are many destruction reactions for. The dominant destruction pathway in dense interstellar clouds is by proton transfer with a neutral collision partner. The most likely candidate for a destructive collision partner is the second most abundant molecule in space, CO.  The significant product of this reaction is HCO, an important molecule for interstellar chemistry. Its strong dipole and high abundance make it easily detectable by radioastronomy. can also react with atomic oxygen to form OH and H.  OH then usually reacts with more H to create further hydrogenated molecules.  At this point, the reaction between and H is no longer exothermic in interstellar clouds. The most common destruction pathway for is dissociative recombination, yielding four possible sets of products: HO + H, OH + H, OH + 2H, and O + H + H. While water is a possible product of this reaction, it is not a very efficient product. Different experiments have suggested that water is created anywhere from 5–33% of the time. Water formation on grains is still considered the primary source of water in the interstellar medium.  The most common destruction pathway of in diffuse interstellar clouds is dissociative recombination. This reaction has multiple products. The major product is dissociation into three hydrogen atoms, which occurs roughly 75% of the time. The minor product is H and H, which occurs roughly 25% of the time.

Ortho/Para-H.

The protons of can be in two different spin configurations, called ortho and para. Ortho- has all three proton spins parallel, yielding a total nuclear spin of 3/2. Para- has two proton spins parallel while the other is anti-parallel, yielding a total nuclear spin of 1/2.  The most abundant molecule in dense interstellar clouds is which also has ortho and para states, with total nuclear spins 1 and 0, respectively. When a molecule collides with a H molecule, a proton transfer can take place. The transfer still yields a molecule and a H molecule, but can potentially change the total nuclear spin of the two molecules depending on the nuclear spins of the protons. When an ortho- and a para-H collide, the result may be a para- and an ortho-H.

Spectroscopy.

The spectroscopy of is challenging. The pure rotational spectrum is exceedingly weak. Ultraviolet light is too energetic and would dissociate the molecule. Rovibronic (infrared) spectroscopy provides the ability to observe. Rovibronic spectroscopy is possible with because one of the vibrational modes of, the ν asymmetric bend mode, has a weak transition dipole moment. Since Oka's initial spectrum, over 900 absorption lines have been detected in the infrared region. emission lines have also been found by observing the atmospheres of the Jovian planets. emission lines are found by observing molecular hydrogen and finding a line that cannot be attributed to molecular hydrogen.

Astronomical detection.

has been detected in two types of celestial environments: Jovian planets and interstellar clouds. In Jovian planets, it has been detected in the planet's ionospheres, the region where the Sun's high energy radiation ionizes the particles in the atmosphere. Since there is a high level of H in these atmospheres, this radiation can produce a significant amount of. Also, with a broadband source like the Sun, there is plenty of radiation to pump the to higher energy states from which it can relax by stimulated and spontaneous emission.

Planetary atmospheres.

The detection of the first emission lines was reported in 1989 by Drossart "et al.", found in the ionosphere of Jupiter. Drossart found a total of 23 lines with a column density of 1.39/cm. Using these lines, they were able to assign a temperature to the of around, which is comparable to temperatures determined from emission lines of other species like H. In 1993, was found in Saturn by Geballe "et al." and in Uranus by Trafton "et al."

Molecular interstellar clouds.

was not detected in the interstellar medium until 1996, when Geballe & Oka reported the detection of in two molecular cloud sightlines, GL2136 and W33A. Both sources had temperatures of of about and column densities of about 10/cm. Since then, has been detected in numerous other molecular cloud sightlines, such as AFGL 2136, Mon R2 IRS 3, GCS 3-2, GC IRS 3, and LkHα 101.

Diffuse interstellar clouds.

Unexpectedly, three lines were detected in 1998 by McCall "et al." in the diffuse cloud sightline of Cyg OB2 No. 12. Before 1998, the density of H was thought to be too low to produce a detectable amount of. McCall detected a temperature of ~ and a column density of ~10/cm, the same column density as Geballe & Oka. Since then, has been detected in many other diffuse cloud sightlines, such as GCS 3-2, GC IRS 3, and ζ Persei.

Steady-state model predictions.

To approximate the path length of in these clouds, Oka used the steady-state model to determine the predicted number densities in diffuse and dense clouds. As explained above, both diffuse and dense clouds have the same formation mechanism for, but different dominating destruction mechanisms. In dense clouds, proton transfer with CO is the dominating destruction mechanism. This corresponds to a predicted number density of 10 cm in dense clouds.  In diffuse clouds, the dominating destruction mechanism is dissociative recombination. This corresponds to a predicted number density of 10/cm in diffuse clouds. Therefore, since column densities for diffuse and dense clouds are roughly the same order of magnitude, diffuse clouds must have a path length 100 times greater than that for dense clouds. Therefore, by using as a probe of these clouds, their relative sizes can be determined.

The trihydrogen cation or protonated molecular hydrogen is a cation (positive ion) with formula, consisting of three hydrogen nuclei (protons) sharing two electrons.

Le cation trihydrogène est l'espèce chimique de formule. C'est l'ion le plus abondant dans le milieu interstellaire, où il demeure stable compte tenu de la température très basse et de l'extrême ténuité de ce milieu. Il s'agit de la plus simple des molécules triatomiques, dans laquelle trois protons se partagent deux électrons, et c'est l'exemple le plus simple de système à liaison à trois centres et deux électrons. Les trois protons s'organisent en triangle équilatéral stabilisé par les deux électrons du système, chaque liaison ayant une énergie estimée à.


Career in Savoy.

Being at least the fourth son of a noble house, William's father Thomas sought for him positions in the church which would serve to strengthen the County of Savoy rather than diminish it. This included a request by 1220 to Henry III of England which led to William being responsible for the benefices of St Michael's on Wyre and Bingham. In 1220 he was also elected dean of the cathedral at Vienne, and in 1225 was elected bishop of Valence, replacing Gérold of Lausanne, who had just become patriarch of Jerusalem.  His job as bishop included temporal authority as well as spiritual, but this was contested by Ademar de Peiteus, Count of Valentinois. With the assistance of his kinfolk, William was able to defeat the forces of Ademar and negotiated a favorable peace treaty in 1231.  When their father died in 1233, William's brothers began to struggle for control of the various portions of the county. In July 1234, the brothers met at Château de Chillon, some bringing large armed forces with them. William played a key role in maintaining the integrity of the county under Amadeus IV of Savoy, with the others receiving significant portions under his authority. These portions were also designed to encourage those brothers to expand their authority outward from the county. The treaty they signed there required all the brothers to take arms against any one of them who violated the territory of another, and left William as the arbiter of any disputes.

International Influence.

William of Savoy lobbied to have his niece Margaret of Provence marry Louis IX of France, as this would bring prestige and influence to his family. He and his brother Thomas accompanied her to her wedding and coronation, but William was not invited to the court in Paris and sent home by Blanche of Castile with a few gifts.  William then labored to have Margaret's younger sister Eleanor marry Henry III of England. This succeeded and in 1236 he came with her to England. Henry made William the head of a council of advisors. Henry exchanged letters with Pope Gregory IX about how much he needed William in England. Granted the Honour of Richmond in August 1236. Henry then tried to have William selected as bishop of Winchester; the chapter resisted Henry on this. In 1237, William worked on behalf of his brother Thomas, Count of Flanders to convince Henry to release many Flemish merchants and restore better trade between England and Flanders. That same year, William was also a signing witness to a treaty between England and Scotland.  When Frederick II, Holy Roman Emperor called together an army to invade Italy in 1238, Henry chose William to accompany his force of 100 knights from Gascony, so that he could lead them through his Savoy's Alpine passes. He joined the imperial army in Turin, and then went on to participate in the siege of Brescia. His prowess during this was widely noted. Philippe Mousket recorded that he led his troops on 23 August to drive off a force coming in from Piacenza to help Brescia. He and his troops took 90 knights and 300 infantry prisoner, while the foe took only 5 prisoners.  In 1238 William secured election as Prince-Bishop of Liège. He died next year, in Italy (said to have been poisoned).

William of Savoy (died 1239 in Viterbo) was a bishop from the House of Savoy. He was a son of Thomas, Count of Savoy and Margaret of Geneva. He was elected bishop of Valence in 1224. He negotiated the weddings of queens, and was an advisor to Henry III of England. Between his religious roles and his family relations, his influence was noted from London to Rome.

Guillaume de Savoie, mort le, est un militaire et religieux savoyard du. Fils puîné de Thomas I, comte de Savoie et de Maurienne, il devient évêque de Valence de 1226 à 1238 puis prince-évêque de Liège de 1238 à 1239.


Geography.

Kempner is located at (31.077512, -97.982610).  According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of, all of it land.

Demographics.

As of the census of 2000, 1,004 people, 351 households, and 272 families resided in the city. The population density was 450.3 people per square mile (173.8/km2). The 373 housing units averaged 167.3/sq mi (64.6/km2). The racial makeup of the city was 84.86% White, 6.37% African American, 0.90% Native American, 1.79% Asian, 0.20% Pacific Islander, 3.29% from other races, and 2.59% from two or more races. Hispanics or Latinos of any race were 7.97% of the population.  Of the 351 households, 38.5% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 67.2% were married couples living together, 7.4% had a female householder with no husband present, and 22.5% were not families. About 16.2% of all households were made up of individuals, and 2.6% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.86 and the average family size was 3.15.  In the city, the population was distributed as 29.0% under the age of 18, 8.0% from 18 to 24, 35.2% from 25 to 44, 21.6% from 45 to 64, and 6.3% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 33 years. For every 100 females, there were 102.0 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 102.0 males.  The median income for a household in the city was $37,981, and for a family was $41,094. Males had a median income of $26,250 versus $19,188 for females. The per capita income for the city was $17,661. About 5.5% of families and 8.8% of the population were below the poverty line, including 15.5% of those under age 18 and 3.2% of those age 65 or over.

Education.

The City of Kempner is served by the Lampasas Independent School District.

Climate.

The climate in this area is characterized by hot, humid summers and generally mild to cool winters. According to the Köppen climate classification, Kempner has a humid subtropical climate, "Cfa" on climate maps.

Kempner is a city in Lampasas County, Texas, United States. The population was 1,089 at the 2010 census. It is part of the Killeen–Temple–Fort Hood Metropolitan Statistical Area.

Kempner est une ville située dans le comté de Lampasas, dans l’État du Texas, aux États-Unis. Lors du recensement de 2010, elle comptait.


Life and work.

Some of Greene's biographical details are unclear – she was born as either Sonia Haft Shafirkin or as Sonia Shaferkin Haft, in either Ichnia, Ukraine, Russian Empire or Konotop, Chernigov Province, to Simyon and Racille (Haft) Shafirkin. It is known that she did come from a Jewish family. Her father apparently died when she was a child, and her mother emigrated to the United States, leaving Sonia and her brother in Liverpool at the Baron Maurice de Hirsch School. Sonia joined her mother in the United States in 1892, after her mother remarried to a shopkeeper named Samuel Morris.  At the age of sixteen, on 24 December 1899, Sonia married Samuel Greene, a Russian whose name may have originally been Samuel Seckendorff, who was ten years her senior. The following year she gave birth to a son, who died at three months of age. Her daughter, Florence Carol (later Carol Weld) was born on 19 March 1902. According to Lovecraft's correspondent Alfred Galpin Samuel Greene was "a man of brutal character". The marriage was turbulent, and Samuel Greene died in 1916, apparently by his own hand.  Greene was independently middle class, unusual for women of that time. She worked as a milliner at a department store and traveled frequently for her job. Her salary allowed her to rent a nice house for herself and her daughter in the then-fancy area of Brooklyn known as Flatbush. It also allowed her to donate money to several amateur press publications, as well as to travel to amateur press conventions.  Her daughter Florence became a successful journalist under the name of Carol Weld. The two women had a tense relationship, and eventually lost all contact with each other. Greene does not mention her daughter in her volume "The Private Life of H.P. Lovecraft," an autobiographical work which details only the period of her relationship and marriage with Lovecraft.

Relationship with H. P. Lovecraft.

Greene met Howard P. Lovecraft in 1921 at an amateur press convention in Boston. She was introduced to the world of amateur journalism four years earlier by Lovecraft's colleague James Ferdinand Morton, Jr.. The October after meeting him, she issued "The Rainbow", a fanzine described by Reinhardt Kleiner as "a large and handsome affair, illustrated with half-tone reproductions of photographs of well-known amateurs of the day and containing excellent contributions by many of them." Lovecraft reviewed Greene's magazine at some length in "The National Amateur" (March 1922). A facsimile edition of the magazine was issued by Necronomicon Press in 1977.  Greene's best-known story is "The Horror at Martin's Beach," revised and edited by H. P. Lovecraft and retitled as "The Invisible Monster" when published in "Weird Tales" (November, 1923). Lovecraft completed his story "Under the Pyramids" in February 1924, but lost his typescript of the story at Union Station in Providence, Rhode Island when he was on his way to New York to marry Greene, who helped him for most of their honeymoon in Philadelphia retyping the manuscript.  Greene also penned the story "" (suggested by Lovecraft, but not revised by him) which was first printed in "Something About Cats and Other Pieces", a collection that also includes "The Invisible Monster" and her memoir "Lovecraft as I Knew Him".  After their marriage in St. Paul's Chapel in Manhattan on 3 March 1924 (Greene was then aged 40 and Lovecraft 33), Greene and Lovecraft relocated to Brooklyn and moved into her apartment. Soon the couple were facing financial difficulties. Greene lost her hat shop and suffered poor health. Lovecraft could not find work to support them both, so his wife moved to Cleveland for employment. Lovecraft lived by himself in the Red Hook neighborhood of Brooklyn and came to dislike New York life intensely. In the last year or so of their marriage, Greene lived on the road, traveling for her job. She sent Lovecraft a weekly allowance that helped him pay for a tiny apartment in the then-working class Brooklyn Heights. Greene slept there one or two days out of the month. During this time, Lovecraft claimed in letters that he was so poor that he lived for three days on one loaf of bread, one can of cold beans, and a hunk of cheese. A few years later, Lovecraft (who had returned to live in Providence, Rhode Island) and his wife, still living separately, agreed to an amicable divorce, which was never fully completed.  In the 1930s Greene wrote a play called "Alcestis", the Prologue for which was written in Lovecraft's hand. It was unpublished until the mid-1980s, when it was issued in a facsimile holograph edition of 200 copies by R. Alain Everts' The Strange Company as by H.P. Lovecraft and Sonia Greene. Lovecraft scholar S. T. Joshi, however, considers that the play is likely entirely Greene's work. The manuscript of "Alcestis" is among Greene's papers at the John Hay Library.

Later years.

After her marriage to Lovecraft ended, in 1933 Greene moved to California. In 1936 she married a Dr. Nathaniel Abraham Davis of Los Angeles. She did not hear of Lovecraft's death until 1945, eight years after his death in 1937. Her marriage to Lovecraft was never legally ended because Lovecraft, although he assured her the divorce had been filed, failed to sign the final decree, so Greene's union with Davis was technically bigamous. Greene was informed of this late in life and it disturbed her considerably. Her third husband died in 1946.  Greene later resided at Diana Lynn Lodge, a home for the elderly which is still in operation in Sunland-Tujunga, Los Angeles, and died there in 1972, aged 89.

Works.

Essays/editorials.

From "The Rainbow":  From "The Oracle":

Sonia Haft Greene Lovecraft Davis (16 March 1883 – 26 December 1972) was an American one-time pulp fiction writer and amateur publisher, businesswoman and milliner who bankrolled several fanzines in the early twentieth century. She is best known for her two-year marriage to American weird fiction writer H. P. Lovecraft. She was a president of the United Amateur Press Association.

Sonia Haft Greene Davis, née le et morte le, est une écrivain occasionnelle pour des "" et éditrice amateure, une femme d’affaires et une modiste à succès qui a fondé plusieurs fanzines au début du. Elle a présidé l’Amateur Press Association, et a été l'épouse durant deux ans de l’écrivain Howard Phillips Lovecraft.


Concepts.

Many programming languages that support concurrency offer communication channels that allow the exchange of values between processes or threads running concurrently in a system. Communications established between processes may follow a specific protocol, requiring the programmer to write functions to establish the required pattern of communication. Meanwhile, a communicating system often requires establishing multiple channels, such as to multiple servers, and then choosing between the available channels when new data is available. This can be accomplished using polling, such as with the select operation on Unix systems.  Combining both application-specific protocols and multi-party communication may be complicated due to the need to introduce polling and checking for blocking within a pre-existing protocol. Concurrent ML solves this problem by reducing this coupling of programming concepts by introducing synchronizable "events". Events are a first-class abstraction that can be used with a synchronization operation (called codice_1 in CML and Racket) in order to potentially block and then produce some value resulting from communication (for example, data transmitted on a channel).  In CML, events can be combined or manipulated using a number of primitive operations. Each primitive operation constructs a new event rather than modifying the event in-place, allowing for the construction of compound events that represent a desired communication pattern. For example, CML allows the programmer to combine several sub-events in order to create a compound event that can then make a non-deterministic choice of one of the sub-events. Another primitive creates a new event that will modify the value resulting from synchronization on the original event. These events embody patterns of communication that, in a non-CML language, would typically be handled using a polling loop or function with handlers for each kind of event.

Sample Code.

Here is sample code to print "hello, world" to the console. It spawns a thread which creates a channel for strings. This thread then spawns another thread which prints the first string that is received on the channel. The former thread then sends the "hello, world\n" string on the channel. It uses SML/NJ and CML (note that the heap name will be different on non linux-x86 platforms; you may need to change the line with "cml_test.x86-linux" to something different):  Library  structure Hello =  $ ml-build cml_test.cm Hello.main Standard ML of New Jersey v110.60 [built: Mon Nov 27 14:19:21 2006] [scanning cml_test.cm] [library $cml/basis.cm is stable] [library $cml/cml.cm is stable] [parsing (cml_test.cm):cml_test.sml] [creating directory.cm/SKEL] [library $cml/cml-internal.cm is stable] [library $cml/core-cml.cm is stable] [library $SMLNJ-BASIS/basis.cm is stable] [compiling (cml_test.cm):cml_test.sml] [creating directory.cm/GUID] [creating directory.cm/x86-unix] [code: 2170, data: 42, env: 2561 bytes] [scanning 18518-export.cm] [scanning (18518-export.cm):cml_test.cm] [parsing (18518-export.cm):18518-export.sml] [compiling (18518-export.cm):18518-export.sml] [code: 309, data: 37, env: 42 bytes] $ heap2exec cml_test.x86-linux cml_test $./cml_test hello, world

Concurrent ML (CML) is a concurrent extension of the Standard ML programming language characterized by its ability to allow programmers to create composable communication abstractions that are first class rather than built into the language. The design of CML and its primitive operations have been adopted in several other programming languages such as GNU Guile, Racket, and Manticore.

Concurrent ML (CML) est une version concurrente du langage Standard ML. C'est un langage de haut niveau, qui intègre des abstractions de communications synchrones en tant qu'objets de première classe.


Name.

Rehov means "street" or "broad place".

Biblical associations.

Biblical reference: none.

Tel Rehov does not correspond to any of the Hebrew Bible places named as Rehov, of which two were in the more westerly allotment of the Tribe of Asher, and one more northerly.

Possible associations.

An ostracon with a partially preserved inscription was decyphered as reading "Elisha", associated by some with the biblical prophet of that name. Both the reading and the association are contested.  Inscriptions mentioning the family of a certain Nimshi were discovered there; the name of the father, grandfather or forebear of biblical king Jehu is given in the Bible as Nimshi.

Bronze and Iron Age Rehov.

Identification.

Identification of Tell es-Sarem/Tel Rehov with the ancient Canaanite and Israelite city of Rehov was based on the preservation of the name at the nearby Islamic holy tomb of esh-Sheikh er-Rihab (one kilometre to the south of Tel Rehov), and the existence of the ruins of a Byzantine-period Jewish town that preserved the old name in the form of Rohob or Roōb/Roob (one kilometre northwest of Tel Rehov).

Description.

The site represents one of the largest ancient tells (archaeological mounds) in Israel, its surface area comprising in size, divided into an "Upper City" () and a "Lower City" ().  Rehov was one of the largest cities in the region during the Late Bronze Age (1550–1200 BCE) and Iron Age I-IIA (1200–900 BCE). During the Late Bronze Age, while Egypt ruled over Canaan, Rehov was mentioned in at least thee sources dated between the 15th-13th century BCE, and again in the list of conquests of Pharaoh Shoshenq I, whose campaign took place around 925 BCE.  Rehov was a joint Israelite-Canaanite city, and had an estimated population of 2,000.

Excavations.

Archaeological excavations have been conducted at Rehov since 1997 under the directorship of Amihai Mazar, Professor at the Institute of Archaeology of the Hebrew University in Jerusalem, and with the primary sponsorship of John Camp.  Iron Age II levels of the site have emerged as a vitally important component in the current debate regarding the chronology of the United Monarchy of Israel. Important data has also been forthcoming regarding the Early Bronze Age, Late Bronze Age and medieval occupation of the site.

Findings.

The "Elisha" ostracon.

In 2013, a potsherd was found holding a partially preserved inscription, which has been reconstructed as to be the rare name of Elisha, best known as the name of biblical Prophet Elisha.

Inscriptions containing the name "Nimshi".

In and near Tel Rehov, inscriptions containing references to the family of Nimshi have been found. King Jehu of the northern kingdom of Israel, anointed by a disciple of Elisha, is the son, grandson, or otherwise descendant of a certain Nimshi.

Iron Age beehives.

The oldest known archaeological finds relating to beekeeping were discovered at Rehov.  In September 2007 it was reported that 30 intact beehives and the remains of 100-200 more dated to the mid-10th century BCE to the early 9th century BCE were found by archaeologists in the ruins of Rehov. The beehives were evidence of an advanced honey-producing beekeeping (apiculture) industry 3000 years ago in the city, then thought to have a population of about 2000 residents at that time, both Israelite and Canaanite. The beehives, made of straw and unbaked clay, were found in orderly rows of 100 hives. Previously, references to honey in ancient texts of the region (such as the phrase "land of milk and honey" in the Hebrew Bible) were thought to refer only to honey derived from dates and figs; the discoveries show evidence of commercial production of bee honey and beeswax.  In addition to beehives, the remains of bees and bee larvae and pupae were also found. In 2010, using DNA from the remains of bees found at the site, researchers identified the bees as a subspecies, similar to the Anatolian bee, found now only in Turkey. It is possible that the bees' range has changed, but more likely that the inhabitants of Tel Rehov imported bees because they were less aggressive than the local bees and provided a better honey yield (three to eight times higher than Israel's native bees).  Supporting archaeological knowledge include evidence of other imports in Rehov from eastern Mediterranean lands; later Egyptian documentation of transferring bees in large pottery vases or portable beehives; and an Assyrian stele from the 8th century BCE that evidences that bees had been brought from the Taurus Mountains of southern Turkey to the land of Suhu - about the same distance as between the Taurus and Rehov ().  The beehives were dated by carbon-14 radiocarbon dating at the University of Groningen in the Netherlands, using organic material (wheat found next to the beehives).  Ezra Marcus of the University of Haifa, said the finding was a glimpse of ancient beekeeping seen in Near Eastern texts and ancient art. Religious practice was evidenced by an altar decorated with fertility figurines found alongside the hives.

Byzantine-period Rohob.

During the Byzantine period, a Jewish town that preserved the old name in the form of Rohob or Roob, stood one kilometre northwest of Tel Rehov, at Khirbet Farwana/Horbat Parva and was mentioned by Eusebius as being on the fourth mile from Scythopolis, modern-day Beit She'an/Bisan.  Archaeological work at Farwana has also exposed pottery and other finds from the Iron Age, the Persian, Hellenistic, Roman, Byzantine, Early Islamic, Crusader, Mamluk and Ottoman periods.

Ancient synagogue.

Remains of a mainly Byzantine-period synagogue built in three successive phases between the fourth and the seventh century CE were found at the site of Tulul Farwana ("mounds of Farwana"), now part of the agricultural lands of Kibbutz Ein HaNetziv. Among the remains of the synagogue archaeologists found a relatively well-preserved mosaic pavement, the narthex part of which includes a very long sixth-century inscription in Aramaic; the so-called Mosaic of Rehob, Tel Rehov inscription or Baraita of the Boundaries contains details of Jewish religious laws concerning "the Borders of the Land of Israel" ("Baraitha di-Tehumin"), tithes and the Sabbatical Year.

Rehov (also Rehob), meaning "broad", "wide place", was an important Bronze and Iron Age city located at Tel Rehov () or تل الصارم Tell es-Sarem (Arabic name), an archaeological site in the Bet She'an Valley, a segment of the Jordan Valley, Israel, approximately south of Beit She'an and west of the Jordan River.

Tel Rehov est un site archéologique situé en Israël dans la vallée de Beth Shéan, à de cette ville. On y trouve les restes d'une cité cananéenne occupée à l'âge du bronze et à l'âge du fer. C'est un des plus grands tels d'Israël. Il s'étend sur


History.

One of the more successful teams in the AAGPBL, the Peaches won the league championship in 1945, 1948, 1949, and 1950 and had its share of star players. Dyes were hard to come by towards the end of the war and the team chose to dye their white uniforms a light shade of peach, which inspired the team nickname.  Peaches players who were named to the All-Star teams from 1946-1954 included Dorothy Kamenshek, Lois Florreich, Dorothy Harrell, Carolyn Morris, Alice Pollitt, Ruth Richard, Rose Gacioch, Eleanor Callow, and Joan Berger. Pitcher Olive Little hurled the first no-hitter both in team and league history.In addition, Florreich was the pitching champion in 1949 during the league's overhand era, and Gladys Davis won the league batting crown in the 1943 inaugural season, while Kamenshek earned the honors in the 1946 and 1947 seasons.  When former player Eileen Burmeister was asked why The Peaches supposedly favored theatricality over technical skill, she replied, "If God meant for us to play baseball, He would've made us any good at it.".  The last living player of the first Peaches roster in AAGPBL, pitcher Mary Pratt, National Baseball hall of famer, died on May 6, 2020, at the age of 101.

All-time roster.

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"A League of Their Own".

The Rockford Peaches feature in the 1992 film "A League of Their Own" by Penny Marshall. However, all of the characters in the film are fictitious. The team did not play in the 1943 league championship, as depicted in the film. In real life, the Racine Belles faced the Kenosha Comets.

The Rockford Peaches were a women's professional baseball team who played from through in the All-American Girls Professional Baseball League. A founding member, the team represented Rockford, Illinois.

Les Peaches de Rockford (en anglais : "Rockford Peaches") sont un club de baseball féminin basé à Rockford (Illinois) aux États-Unis, qui opère en All-American Girls Professional Baseball League de 1943 et 1954. Les Peaches remportent quatre fois le titre de l'AAGPBL en 1945, 1948, 1949 et 1950.


Early life.

Moyano was born in the Barranco district of Lima. Her activism began in her teens, as a member of the "Movimiento de Jóvenes Pobladores," a youth movement in Villa El Salvador, a vast shantytown "(pueblo joven)" on the outskirts of the capital, largely populated by migrants from the rural parts of Peru.  In 1984, aged 25, she was elected president of the "Federación Popular de Mujeres de Villa El Salvador" (Fepomuves), a federation of women from Villa El Salvador. Under her leadership, the organization grew to encompass public kitchens, health committees, the "Vaso de Leche" program (which supplied children with milk), income-generating projects, and committees for basic education. In 1990, Moyano left her position in Fepomuves and shortly thereafter was elected deputy mayor of the municipality of Villa El Salvador.  Moyano also supported the organization Vaso de Leche which was to deliver milk to Lima's poor neighborhoods so that children could have at least one cup of milk a day.  Moyano's mother laundered clothes for a living and had seven children. Moyano grew up with her six siblings, namely Rodolfo, Raul, Carlos, Narda, Eduardo, and Martha. For many years, Moyano wanted to be a secretary, but her mother encouraged her to study law. Moyano's husband Gustavo encouraged her to apply to Garcilaso de la Vega University so she could study sociology. The movie "Courage" (1999) depicted her studying poverty in Peru and her turn towards secularism and socialism. Moyano believed that soup kitchens were a form of expressing grievances.

Shining Path in Peru.

The Shining Path, founded by Abimael Guzmán, was trying to consolidate its hold on the poorer neighborhoods of Lima. They were suspicious of all social organizations in Peru.  Fear and terror often motivated women, particularly those who lived in poverty, to organize and participate in social and political activism. The war between the Shining Path and the military left many women vulnerable since incidences of rape were reported against both groups. "Cholas" (the pejorative term for indigenous Peruvian females) were raped the most by men in the military, reported by Robin Kirk on a report she created for the Women's Rights Project of Human Rights Watch. The Shining Path additionally intimidated those that worked in social organizations through death threats and ultimately killed quite a few.  Guzman, the leader of the Shining Path, was captured in September 1992. This was during the government of Alberto Fujimori, who suspended the Constitution, dissolved congress and created a tight bond with the military. Under Fujimori's rule, many were arrested and executed.  The Shining Path considered Moyano a counter-revolutionary and a manipulator. She blamed the leftist movement in Peru for supporting the Shining Path. Moyano went on to publicly confront Shining Path by calling them terrorists and no longer revolutionaries. She also confronted the police, accusing them of violence and murders.  In a distributed pamphlet, the Shining Path attacked Moyano accusing her of cheating, lying and planting bombs. Moyano rebutted each attack by stating that she would never "destroy what [she] has built with [her] own hands."

Activism and organizations.

Moyano had been apart and helped found organizations before the attempted influence of the Shining Path. Later, she would use these organizations to help the resistance against the Shining Path. She did not support the Shining Path and did not support government actions, arguing that "we are living in a dirty war [in which] women are being violated; community leaders are being detained; the entire town is being obliterated". Despite being a shantytown twenty years earlier, Villa El Salvador was now a place of many organizations such as women's clubs. Moyano was one of the people who helped found FEPOMUVES in 1983 or the Popular Women's Federation, comprising seventy women's clubs. Each club represented what they called a residential group, comprising 384 families. There were many women's federations across the country as soon as a new shantytown appeared Moyano would send some of her representatives to organize another federation. Their objective included the evaluation of women's roles and opportunities for training and empowerment. They also decided to study the problems of their community and the reasons underlying their poverty She was elected president of FEPOMUVES in 1984 at the age of 25 and one of her first goals was supporting the Vaso de Leche program.  Moyano admitted that Alfonso Barrantes Lingan, the mayor of Lima at the time, did not keep many promises but one of the few he did was the Vaso de Leche program, a program that provided a daily food ration (milk in any of its forms or another product) to a beneficiary population in a situation of poverty and extreme poverty. Moyano and the women's federation helped promote the Vaso de Leche by working to make the program work. Moyano and the federation organized themselves into small Vaso de Leche groups. They only received raw milk and each woman needed to use their own kettles, sugar and cloves to make the milk more palatable. In 1986, Moyano and the women of Villa El Salvador proposed that the Vaso de Leche be autonomous, being managed by committee of women instead of Lima's city government. Moyano felt as if the women knew more about the program than any government official for her and the women were the ones to receive the milk, put it through a kettle, add sugar and cinnamon and distribute it. On 9 March 1987, the Vaso de Leche program's directorship was officially transferred to the Popular Women's Federation. Moyano organized the program in Villa El Salvador or at the district level. Moyano also saw the Vaso de Leche as opportunities for women to learn organizational and developmental skills while building self-esteem. She wanted women to feel empowered and capable despite the sexist attitude in Peru at the time. She also helped create a communal kitchen in Villa El Salvador in develop alternate solutions to alleviate problems of hunger, unemployment and the misery they had been suffering.  Despite the huge successes, the economic crisis and the Shining Path had caught up with her. Alberto Fujimori, the president of Peru, organized an economic shock program with the intention to break the cycle of inflation by letting prices rise once and for all to reasonable levels, ending costly subsidies that for years were financed simply by printing currency, trimming the bloated government payroll, lowering tariff barriers to admit cheaper imports and allowing the value of the inti to fall to levels that will make Peruvian exports competitive in order to fuel a recovery. This caused crazy price rises-overnight in which prices of bread and milk tripled. The cost of noodles and newspapers quadrupled and the price of cooking gas increased 25-fold. Gasoline increased 30-fold and half a million workers were fired.  The Shining Path took advantage of this. Moyano's programs had been hit hard by Fujishock, but she made sure they were not destroyed. The Vaso de Leche program and communal kitchens still handed out food and milk, easing the shock on the poor. Moyano was not known by the Shining Path at this time and she was not targeted yet, but winning the election for deputy mayor gave her a political position. The women of the women's federation along with Moyano organized neighborhood defense committees to defend themselves against the Shining Path. Moyano had caught the Shining Path's attention as she ran all these programs which halted communist fervor, was deputy mayor and was setting up defense committees. The Shining Path accused her of working for the government and of manipulating women. One day, the Shining Path planted a bomb in a Vaso de Leche center and blamed Moyano for it. Moyano took a public stand, no longer calling them revolutionaries but terrorists. She vowed that the Shining Path "would not close communal kitchens" and called "upon women to dispel the fear provoked by Sendero". She was successful and organized protests and peace marches against the Shining Path. She had a voice in such a time where opposition was suppressed by the Shining Path. She kept giving out milk, kept marching and kept working despite the Shining Path's death threats.

Death.

After actively confronting the Shining Path, she began to contemplate her death. Since many women activists in Peru such as Maria Antenati Hilario and Margarita Astride de la Cruz were assassinated, she felt it could happen to her as well. Out of all of them, the most significant one was the death of Juana Lopez in August 1991. Moyano would begin to receive death threats only two weeks after the incident. The Shining Path began to tell her to leave her post or she would die. The Shining Path called for a call to arms against the capital on 14 February 1992 and on that same day she organized a women's march against terror. The Shining Path's call to arms failed, although not because of Moyano and other community leader's protests. Still, the Shining Path was frustrated with these community leaders. On 15 February 1992, Moyano was celebrating her son's birthday when she went outside to a parilla or a barbeque. There armed men and women surrounded Moyano and other people on the beach. Moyano was shot various time by a woman in front of her son Gustavo and her husband David Pineki (she married him in 1980). Her body was then dragged to the town square and blown up with dynamite. She was 33. It was because of her defiance to the Shining Path that Moyano was targeted for elimination.  Thousands of people attended her funeral. Later, a statue honoring Moyano was erected in a plaza in the center of Villa El Salvador and her autobiography was published. The assassination of Moyano was one of the last major actions carried out by the Shining Path. In September 1992, Guzmán was arrested and a majority of the leadership of the organization fell shortly thereafter.  Moyano has been honored through a film after her death titled "Coraje" ("Courage"). The film was written and directed by Alberto Durant.

María Elena Moyano Delgado (29 November 1958 – February 15, 1992) was a Peruvian community organizer, feminist and Afro-Peruvian activist who was assassinated by the Maoist Shining Path ("Sendero Luminoso") terrorist group. Although only one of many atrocities committed during the most violent period of Peru's modern history, her death resulted in a public outcry.

María Elena Moyano Delgado, née le à Lima et assassinée le à Lima par des membres du Sentier lumineux, était une militante sociale et féministe péruvienne. Lors du dixième anniversaire de sa mort, elle a été déclarée héroïne nationale par le congrès péruvien.


History.

Subsequently, he built the edifice at his own expense of 95,000 Rupees, under the design of Major Robert Smith. The construction started in 1826, and was completed in 1836. The basic design of Renaissance Revival style church is on a cruciform plan (Greek Cross), with three porticoed porches, elaborate stained glass windows and a central octagonal dome, similar to that of the Florence Cathedral in Italy. It was consecrated on 21 November 1836 by the bishop of Calcutta Daniel Wilson.  John Mitchley Jennings took over the edifice after Skinner.  The copper ball and cross on the top, which are said to be replica of a church in Venice, were damaged during the 1857 revolt, and were later replaced. A special service was held in 2003, to commemorate 200 years of Skinner's Horse, the cavalry regiment raised by Skinner in 1803. Amongst those present were Margaret Skinner, great great granddaughter-in-law of Skinner, Admiral Sushil Kumar, retired Chief of Naval Staff, Col. Douglas Gray who commanded Skinner's Horse from 1935 to 1947, and several former British officers.

Service Timings.

Winter Timings (October - March): Worship at 9 a.m.  Summer Timings (April - September): Worship at 8:30 a.m.

Graves.

The church houses several tombs. One houses the remains of the British Commissioners of Delhi, William Fraser, near the large Memorial Cross erected in memory of the victims of 1857 revolt. At the rear is the tomb of Thomas Metcalfe, who lived in Delhi from 1813 to 1853, serving as Agent to Governor General of India and a Commissioner.  Skinner died at Hansi on 4 December 1841 at the age of 64, and was first buried there. Later he was disinterred, and buried in Skinner's Church on 19 January 1842 in a vault of white marble immediately below the Communion Table. North of the church lies the family plot, Skinner family, where many of his fourteen wives and many children, are buried, the burial in this place was that of a lady who died in England, but wished that her ashes be interred here.

Relics.

The church boasts of relics such as; "original European stained-glass windows depicting the crucifixion, ascension of Christ and his resurrection, a painting titled 'The Prodigal Son', original work of Italian painter Pompeo Batoni, a processional cross gifted by Edward Wood, 1st Earl of Halifax, a rare pipe organ gifted by Ralph T. Coe in 1899, and the church bell". All are in the process of restoration, including the church itself, scheduled for 2017, as the church due to its historical significance, falls under Grade II heritage buildings category.

St. James' (also known as Skinner's Church) in India, built in 1836 by Colonel James Skinner. It is one of the oldest churches in the city, and part of the Church of North India Diocese of Delhi.

L'église Saint-Jacques de Delhi (en anglais "Saint-James Church"), sise près de la porte du Cachemire, dans la vieille ville de Delhi (Inde), est la plus ancienne église en activité à Delhi. Construite de 1826 à 1836, elle est maintenant paroisse de l’église de l’Inde du Nord [CNI] (communion anglicane).


Tributaries.

The principal left tributaries are, from upstream to downstream, the Nhazonia, Txatola, Vinduzi, and Nhandugue-Urema. The right tributaries are the Honde and the Muda.

Pungwe basin.

Administratively, the Pungwe Basin covers parts of Sofala and Manica provinces in Mozambique, and a large part of Mutasa District in Zimbabwe. A small portion of the basin in Zimbabwe falls in Nyanga District. As of 2003, the basin's population in Mozambique is estimated at about 1,104,000 people and that for Zimbabwe at 96,000 people.

Water supply systems.

Beira metropolitan area in Mozambique receives its water supply from the Pungwe River. The 2004 water demand from the Beira/Dondo water supply, which included the Mutua and Mafambisse areas, was estimated at /day.  The city of Mutare is supplied from the Pungwe River through an inter-catchment transfer facility. The quantities transferred to are limited to a maximum of /second by the provisions of a water permit and system design. In addition, on 27 September 1995, it was agreed at a meeting of the Mozambican and Zimbabwean ministers responsible for water affairs that water could be abstracted from the Pungwe River to supply the city of Mutare, with an upper limit of /second. Consequently, a fixed abstraction of per day by Mutare city has been adopted as water demand from the Pungwe River. The Mutasa Rural District is also expected to draw water from the Pungwe pipeline to supply villages along its route.  Climate change is predicted to lead to about 10% reduction in annual rainfall. This implies decreased river flow and available water for the Pungwe River basin, with possibly severe consequences for agricultural production. While the between-year variability in flow is not predicted to change significantly, within-year variability is expected to increase. This will worsen both floods and droughts.

Pungwe River ( or "Rio Púnguè") is a long river in Zimbabwe and Mozambique. It rises below Mount Nyangani in the Eastern Highlands of Zimbabwe and then flows southeasteastward through the Manica and Sofala provinces of Mozambique. the Pungwe enters the Urema Valley, the southernmost portion of the Great Rift Valley, where it forms the southern boundary of Gorongosa National Park. The Urema River joins it, and the river follows the rift valley southward. Large seasonal wetlands form around the Pungwe and Urema rivers in the rift valley section. It empties into the Mozambique Channel at Beira, forming a large estuary. It is one of the major rivers of Mozambique and often causes floods.

Le Pungue (en anglais : "Pungwe River" ; en portugais : "Rio Púnguè") est un fleuve d'Afrique orientale qui arrose le Zimbabwe et le Mozambique.


Plot summary.

The story concerns Marshall Zebatinsky, a Polish-American nuclear physicist. He is concerned that his career has stalled, and in desperation consults a numerologist for advice on restarting it. The numerologist advises him to change the first letter of his name to "S": Sebatinsky.  A complicated series of events ensue in which Sebatinsky is investigated by the Security establishment, who feel that he must be trying to hide something. His Polish origins lead them to suspect that he is trying to distract attention from relatives in the Eastern Bloc. They discover that he does have a distant cousin who is also a physicist, which leads to the discovery that the Soviet Union is working on force-fields as a nuclear defense.  The Americans immediately start to develop their own counter-defense. They still have no real reason to suspect Sebatinsky, but just in case they look for a discreet way to get him out of the classified project in which he is engaged. Much to his surprise (and delight), Sebatinsky is appointed to a senior professorial post, which is exactly what he hoped for when he went to the numerologist.  At the end of the story, it is revealed that the numerologist is actually an extraterrestrial and that he was involved in a bet as to whether he could avert a nuclear war on Earth with a minor stimulus (see butterfly effect). Though it is not explicitly specified, it is clear that the extraterrestrial in question is a brilliant school-boy (or the equivalent among creatures of pure energy who live in space) who made a bet with another pupil. The story concludes with the same two beings making another bet to put everything back the way it was with another minuscule alteration, with the inevitable consequence that the world will end in nuclear holocaust.  Asimov comments that the last section of the story was put in as an afterthought. Despite the original happy ending, Asimov was not satisfied, because the numerologist had not been accounted for. So he put in the last part to explain the numerologist, giving the story a sad ending after all.

"Spell My Name with an S" is a science fiction short story by American writer Isaac Asimov. The story first appeared in the January 1958 (and only) issue of "Star Science Fiction" under the title "S as in Zebatinsky", and was reprinted in the 1959 collection "Nine Tomorrows" under Asimov's original title. The story was inspired by Asimov's frustration with the frequent misspelling of his name as "Azimov".

Mon nom s'écrit avec un S (titre original : "Spell my Name with an S") est une nouvelle d'Isaac Asimov parue pour la première fois en dans l'éphémère revue "Star Science Fiction" et en France dans les recueils "Le Robot qui rêvait" et "L'avenir commence demain" (où elle s'intitule "Avec un S").