Origin and early versions.

Origin.

Like many classic folk ballads, "The House of the Rising Sun" is of uncertain authorship. Musicologists say that it is based on the tradition of broadside ballads, and thematically it has some resemblance to the 16th-century ballad "The Unfortunate Rake", yet there is no evidence suggesting that there is any direct relation. According to Alan Lomax, "Rising Sun" was used as the name of a bawdy house in two traditional English songs, and it was also a name for English pubs. He further suggested that the melody might be related to a 17th-century folk song, "Lord Barnard and Little Musgrave", also known as "Matty Groves", but a survey by Bertrand Bronson showed no clear relationship between the two songs. Lomax proposed that the location of the house was then relocated from England to New Orleans by white Southern performers. However, folklorist Vance Randolph proposed an alternative French origin, the "rising sun" referring to the decorative use of the sunburst insignia dating to the time of Louis XIV, which was brought to North America by French immigrants.  "House of Rising Sun" was said to have been known by miners in 1905. The oldest published version of the lyrics is that printed by Robert Winslow Gordon in 1925, in a column "Old Songs That Men Have Sung" in "Adventure" magazine. The lyrics of that version begin: There is a house in New Orleans, it's called the Rising Sun It's been the ruin of many poor girl Great God, and I for one.  The oldest known recording of the song, under the title "Rising Sun Blues", is by Appalachian artists Clarence "Tom" Ashley and Gwin Foster, who recorded it on September 6, 1933 on the Vocalion label (02576). Ashley said he had learned it from his grandfather, Enoch Ashley. Roy Acuff, an "early-day friend and apprentice" of Ashley's, learned it from him and recorded it as "Rising Sun" on November 3, 1938. Several older blues recordings of songs with similar titles are unrelated, for example, "Rising Sun Blues" by Ivy Smith (1927) and "The Risin' Sun" by Texas Alexander (1928). There is a common perception that prior to The Animals the song was about and from the perspective of a woman. This is incorrect, as the narrative of the lyrics has been continually whipped back and forth from a female to a male cautionary tale. The earliest known printed version from Gordon's column is about a woman's warning. The earliest known recording of the song by Ashley is about a rounder, a male character. The lyrics of that version begin:  There is a house in New Orleans They call the Rising Sun  Where many poor boys to destruction has gone And me, oh God, are one.  The song was among those collected by folklorist Alan Lomax, who, along with his father, was a curator of the Archive of American Folk Song for the Library of Congress. On an expedition with his wife to eastern Kentucky, Lomax set up his recording equipment in Middlesboro, in the house of the singer and activist Tilman Cadle. In 1937, he recorded a performance by Georgia Turner, the 16-year-old daughter of a local miner. He called it "The Rising Sun Blues". Lomax later recorded a different version sung by Bert Martin and a third sung by Daw Henson, both eastern Kentucky singers. In his 1941 songbook "Our Singing Country", Lomax credits the lyrics to Turner, with reference to Martin's version.

Early folk and blues releases.

In 1941, Woody Guthrie recorded a version. Keynote Records released one by Josh White in 1942, and Decca Records released one also in 1942 with music by White and the vocals performed by Libby Holman. Holman and White also collaborated on a 1950 release by Mercury Records. White is also credited with having written new words and music that have subsequently been popularized in the versions made by many other later artists. White learned the song from a "white hillbilly singer", who might have been Ashley, in North Carolina in 1923–1924. Lead Belly recorded two versions of the song, in February 1944 and in October 1948, called "In New Orleans" and "The House of the Rising Sun", respectively; the latter was recorded in sessions that were later used on the album "Lead Belly's Last Sessions" (1994, Smithsonian Folkways).  In 1957, Glenn Yarbrough recorded the song for Elektra Records. The song is also credited to Ronnie Gilbert on an album by The Weavers released in the late 1940s or early 1950s. Pete Seeger released a version on Folkways Records in 1958, which was re-released by Smithsonian Folkways in 2009. Andy Griffith recorded the song on his 1959 album "Andy Griffith Shouts the Blues and Old Timey Songs". In 1960, Miriam Makeba recorded the song on her eponymous RCA album.  Joan Baez recorded it in 1960 on her self-titled debut album; she frequently performed the song in concert throughout her career. Nina Simone recorded her first version for the live album "Nina at the Village Gate" in 1962. Simone later covered the song again on her 1967 studio album Nina Simone Sings The Blues. Tim Hardin sang it on "This is Tim Hardin", recorded in 1964 but not released until 1967. The Chambers Brothers recorded a version on "Feelin' the Blues", released on Vault Records (1970).

Van Ronk arrangement.

In late 1961, Bob Dylan recorded the song for his debut album, released in March 1962. That release had no songwriting credit, but the liner notes indicate that Dylan learned this version of the song from Dave Van Ronk. In an interview for the documentary "No Direction Home", Van Ronk said that he was intending to record the song and that Dylan copied his version. Van Ronk recorded it soon thereafter for the album "Just Dave Van Ronk".

The Animals' version.

An interview with Eric Burdon revealed that he first heard the song in a club in Newcastle, England, where it was sung by the Northumbrian folk singer Johnny Handle. The Animals were on tour with Chuck Berry and chose it because they wanted something distinctive to sing.  The Animals had begun featuring their arrangement of "House of the Rising Sun" during a joint concert tour with Chuck Berry, using it as their closing number to differentiate themselves from acts that always closed with straight rockers. It got a tremendous reaction from the audience, convincing initially reluctant producer Mickie Most that it had hit potential, and between tour stops the group went to a small recording studio on Kingsway in London to capture it.

Recording and releases.

The song was recorded in just one take on May 18, 1964, and it starts with a now-famous electric guitar A minor chord arpeggio by Hilton Valentine. According to Valentine, he simply took Dylan's chord sequence and played it as an arpeggio. The performance takes off with Burdon's lead vocal, which has been variously described as "howling", "soulful", and as "...deep and gravelly as the north-east English coal town of Newcastle that spawned him". Finally, Alan Price's pulsating organ part (played on a Vox Continental) completes the sound. Burdon later said, "We were looking for a song that would grab people's attention".  As recorded, "House of the Rising Sun" ran four and a half minutes, regarded as far too long for a pop single at the time. Producer Most, who initially did not really want to record the song at all, said that on this occasion: "Everything was in the right place... It only took 15 minutes to make so I can't take much credit for the production". He was nonetheless now a believer and declared it a single at its full length, saying "We're in a microgroove world now, we will release it".  In the United States, however, the original single (MGM 13264) was a 2:58 version. The MGM Golden Circle reissue (KGC 179) featured the unedited 4:29 version, although the record label gives the edited playing time of 2:58. The edited version was included on the group's 1964 US debut album "The Animals", while the full version was later included on their best-selling 1966 US greatest hits album, "The Best of the Animals". However, the very first American release of the full-length version was on a 1965 album of various groups entitled "Mickie Most Presents British Go-Go" (MGM SE-4306), the cover of which, under the listing of "House of the Rising Sun", described it as the "Original uncut version". Americans could also hear the complete version in the movie "Go Go Mania" in the spring of 1965.  "House of the Rising Sun" was not included on any of the group's British albums, but it was reissued as a single twice in subsequent decades, charting both times, reaching number 25 in 1972 and number 11 in 1982, using the famous Wittelsbach organ.  The Animals version was played in 6/8 meter, unlike the 4/4 of most earlier versions. Arranging credit went only to Alan Price. According to Burdon, this was simply because there was insufficient room to name all five band members on the record label, and Alan Price's first name was first alphabetically. However, this meant that only Price received songwriter's royalties for the hit, a fact that has caused bitterness among the other band members ever since.

Reception.

"House of the Rising Sun" was a trans-Atlantic hit: after reaching the top of the UK pop singles chart in July 1964, it topped the US pop singles chart two months later, on September 5, 1964, where it stayed for three weeks, and became the first British Invasion number one unconnected with The Beatles. It was the group's breakthrough hit in both countries and became their signature song. The song was also a hit in Ireland twice, peaking at No. 10 upon its initial release in 1964 and later reaching a brand new peak of No. 5 when reissued in 1982.  According to John Steel, Bob Dylan told him that when he first heard The Animals' version on his car radio, he stopped to listen, "jumped out of his car" and "banged on the bonnet", inspiring him to go electric. Dave Van Ronk said that The Animals' version—like Dylan's version before it—was based on his arrangement of the song.  Dave Marsh described the Animals' take on "The House of the Rising Sun" as "...the first folk-rock hit", sounding "...as if they'd connected the ancient tune to a live wire". Writer Ralph McLean of the BBC agreed that "It was arguably the first folk rock tune", calling it "a revolutionary single", after which "the face of modern music was changed forever".  The Animals' rendition of the song is recognized as one of the classics of British pop music. Writer Lester Bangs labeled it "a brilliant rearrangement" and "a new standard rendition of an old standard composition". It ranked number 122 on "Rolling Stone" magazine's list of "500 Greatest Songs of All Time". It is also one of the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame's "500 Songs That Shaped Rock and Roll". The RIAA ranked it number 240 on their list of "Songs of the Century". In 1999 it received a Grammy Hall of Fame Award. It has long since become a staple of oldies and classic rock radio formats. A 2005 Channel Five poll ranked it as Britain's fourth-favorite number one song.

Frijid Pink version.

In 1969, the Detroit band Frijid Pink recorded a psychedelic version of "House of the Rising Sun", which became an international hit in 1970. Their version is in 4/4 time (like Van Ronk's and most earlier versions, rather than the 6/8 used by the Animals) and was driven by Gary Ray Thompson's distorted guitar with fuzz and wah-wah effects, set against the frenetic drumming of Richard Stevers.  According to Stevers, the Frijid Pink recording of "House of the Rising Sun" was done impromptu when there was time left over at a recording session booked for the group at the Tera Shirma Recording Studios. Stevers later played snippets from that session's tracks for Paul Cannon, the music director of Detroit's premier rock radio station, WKNR; the two knew each other, as Cannon was the father of Stevers's girlfriend. Stevers recalled, "we went through the whole thing and [and Cannon] didn't say much. Then 'House [of the Rising Sun]' started up and I immediately turned it off because it wasn't anything I really wanted him to hear". However, Cannon was intrigued and had Stevers play the complete track for him, then advising Stevers, "Tell Parrot [Frijid Pink's label] to drop "God Gave Me You" [the group's current single] and go with this one".  Frijid Pink's "House of the Rising Sun" debuted at number 29 on the WKNR hit parade dated January 6, 1970, and broke nationally after some seven weeks—during which the track was re-serviced to radio three times—with a number 73 debut on the Hot 100 in "Billboard" dated February 27, 1970 (number 97 Canada 1970/01/31) with a subsequent three-week ascent to the top 30 en route to a Hot 100 peak of number seven on April 4, 1970. The certification of the Frijid Pink single "House of the Rising Sun" as a gold record for domestic sales of one million units was reported in the issue of "Billboard" dated May 30, 1970.  The Frijid Pink single of "House of the Rising Sun" would give the song its most widespread international success, with top 10 status reached in Austria (number three), Belgium (Flemish region, number six), Canada (number three), Denmark (number three), Germany (two weeks at number one), Greece, Ireland (number seven), Israel (number four), the Netherlands (number three), Norway (seven weeks at number one), Poland (number two), Sweden (number six), Switzerland (number two), and the UK (number four). The single also charted in Australia (number 14), France (number 36), and Italy (number 54).

"Billboard"s country chart.

The song has twice been a hit record on "Billboard"s country chart.

Other versions.

Jody Miller version.

In 1973, Jody Miller's version reached number 29 on the country charts and number 41 on the Adult Contemporary chart.

Geordie version.

Recorded by Brian Johnson's band Geordie for their 1974 album "Don't Be Fooled by the Name", Johnson went on to become vocalist for AC/DC.

Thin Lizzy instrumental version.

The song was recorded as an electric but fairly mellow instrumental on the Deep Purple tribute album recorded by Thin Lizzy circa 1972, "Funky Junction Play a Tribute to Deep Purple". Here it was simply called "Rising Sun", and credited to Leo Muller, the German businessman and label-owner.

Dolly Parton version.

In August 1981, Dolly Parton released a cover of the song as the third single from her album "9 to 5 and Odd Jobs". Like Miller's earlier country hit, Parton's remake returns the song to its original lyric of being about a fallen woman. The Parton version makes it quite blunt, with a few new lyric lines that were written by Parton. Parton's remake reached number 14 on the US country singles chart and crossed over to the pop charts, where it reached number 77 on the "Billboard" Hot 100; it also reached number 30 on the US Adult Contemporary chart. Parton has occasionally performed the song live, including on her 1987–88 television show, in an episode taped in New Orleans.

Five Finger Death Punch version.

The American heavy metal band Five Finger Death Punch released a cover of "House of the Rising Sun" on their fifth studio album, "The Wrong Side of Heaven and the Righteous Side of Hell, Volume 2", which was later released as the album's second single and the band's third single of the "Wrong Side" era. The references to New Orleans have been changed to Sin City, a reference to the negative effects of gambling in Las Vegas. The song was a top ten hit on mainstream rock radio in the United States. It was also featured in the video game "Guitar Hero Live".

Johnny Hallyday version (in French).

The song was covered in French by Johnny Hallyday. His version (titled "Le Pénitencier", ) was released in October 1964 and spent one week at number one on the singles sales chart in France (from October 17 to 23). In Wallonia, Belgium, his single spent 28 weeks on the chart, also peaking at number one.  He performed the song during his 2014 US tour.

Los Speakers version (in Spanish).

Colombian band Los Speakers covered the song under the title "La Casa del Sol Naciente", in their 1965 album of the same name.

Doc Watson version.

American guitarist Doc Watson recorded a version and was released on his 1999 album "Third Generation Blues". This album also features his grandson Richard Watson.

Alt-J version.

British indie rock band Alt-J covered the song in their 2017 album "Relaxer", with an additional verse written by the band themselves.

The White Buffalo version.

American musician and singer/songwriter Jake Smith covered the song with The Forest Rangers. It was featured on Season 4 of Sons of Anarchy.

Jerry Garcia, David Grisman, and Tony Rice version.

Charged with Jerry Garcia’s yearnful crooning and an intricate Chinese interval, the song was recorded on The Pizza Tapes, an album by Garcia, David Grisman, and Tony Rice. It was released on the Acoustic Disc label on April 25, 2000.

Farhad Mehrad version.

Iranian musician Farhad Mehrad recorded a version with his band, The Black Cats in 1960s.

EAV version and 'Wilbert Eckart und seine Volksmusik Stars' versions (in German).

Two notable German covers/adaptions were created, one by Erste Allgemeine Verunsicherung, which in 1989 recorded a song with lyrics telling the story of a East Germany citizen fleeing East Berlin after the Fall of the Berlin Wall and his following disillusion with Western society. Another that gained international recognition was created for the soundtrack of in 2014, interpreting the song with Volksmusik instrumentation, fitting the alternate future theme of the game in which Nazi Germany won World War II, as part of a collection of 'adapted' pop hits.

Others.

Hank Williams Jr. released a recording of his version of the song on his 1987 "Hank Live" album.

Possible real locations.

Various places in New Orleans have been proposed as the inspiration for the song, with varying plausibility. The phrase "House of the Rising Sun" is often understood as a euphemism for a brothel, but it is not known whether the house described in the lyrics was an actual or a fictitious place. One theory is that the song is about a woman who killed her father, an alcoholic gambler who had beaten his wife. Therefore, the House of the Rising Sun may be a jailhouse, from which one would be the first person to see the sunrise (an idea supported by the lyric mentioning "a ball and chain", though that phrase has been slang for marital relationships for at least as long as the song has been in print). Because women often sang the song, another theory is that the House of the Rising Sun was where prostitutes were detained while being treated for syphilis. Since cures with mercury were ineffective, going back was very unlikely.  Only three candidates that use the name "Rising Sun" have historical evidence—from old city directories and newspapers. The first was a small, short-lived hotel on Conti Street in the French Quarter in the 1820s. It burned down in 1822. An excavation and document search in early 2005 found evidence that supported this claim, including an advertisement with language that may have euphemistically indicated prostitution. Archaeologists found an unusually large number of pots of rouge and cosmetics at the site.  The second possibility was a "Rising Sun Hall" listed in late 19th-century city directories on what is now Cherokee Street, at the riverfront in the uptown Carrollton neighborhood, which seems to have been a building owned and used for meetings of a Social Aid and Pleasure Club, commonly rented out for dances and functions. It also is no longer extant. Definite links to gambling or prostitution (if any) are undocumented for either of these buildings.  A third was "The Rising Sun", which advertised in several local newspapers in the 1860s, located on what is now the lake side of the 100 block of Decatur Street. In various advertisements it is described as a "Restaurant", a "Lager Beer Salon", and a "Coffee House". At the time, New Orleans businesses listed as coffee houses often also sold alcoholic beverages.  Dave Van Ronk claimed in his biography "The Mayor of MacDougal Street" that at one time when he was in New Orleans someone approached him with a number of old photos of the city from the turn of the century. Among them "was a picture of a foreboding stone doorway with a carving on the lintel of a stylized rising sun... It was the Orleans Parish women's prison".  "Bizarre New Orleans", a guidebook on New Orleans, asserts that the real house was at 1614 Esplanade Avenue between 1862 and 1874 and was said to have been named after its madam, Marianne LeSoleil Levant, whose surname means "the rising sun" in French.  Another guidebook, "Offbeat New Orleans", asserts that the real House of the Rising Sun was at 826–830 St. Louis St. between 1862 and 1874, also purportedly named for Marianne LeSoleil Levant. The building still stands, and Eric Burdon, after visiting at the behest of the owner, said, "The house was talking to me".  There is a contemporary B&B called the House of the Rising Sun, decorated in brothel style. The owners are fans of the song, but there is no connection with the original place.  Not everyone believes that the house actually existed. Pamela D. Arceneaux, a research librarian at the Williams Research Center in New Orleans, is quoted as saying:

References.

Notes

"The House of the Rising Sun" is a traditional folk song, sometimes called "Rising Sun Blues". It tells of a life gone wrong in the city of New Orleans; many versions also urge a sibling or parents and children to avoid the same fate. The most successful commercial version, recorded in 1964 by British rock group The Animals, was a number one hit on the UK Singles Chart and also in the United States and France. As a traditional folk song recorded by an electric rock band, it has been described as the "first folk rock hit".

La version commerciale la plus connue, enregistrée en 1964 par le groupe de rock britannique The Animals, a été un succès international, numéro 1 au Royaume-Uni, aux États-Unis et au Canada.


Civilian life.

Stempkovskaya was born to a Russian family in the Minsk Region of the Byelorussian SSR in the year 1921, but her exact date of birth is unknown. The family later moved to Uzbekistan to develop the cotton industry; she graduated from the Tashkent Pedagogical Institute and remained in Uzbekistan until the start of the Second World War.

Military career.

Stempkovskaya joined the Red Army in June 1941 after the start of the Second World War, having previously been in the Komsomol. She was trained in radio communications and assigned to the 216th Infantry Regiment as a radio operator. After a spotter was killed in the fighting in Kursk, she took over but was closer to the line of fire when the Nazis surrounded and closed in on the trench.  There are two versions of the events leading up to her death; one states that she attempted to fend of the Nazis by throwing two grenades but was eventually captured due to being heavily outnumbered and tortured for information, her captors having stabbed her with bayonets and cut off her hands before they left her to bleed to death after she refused to reveal military secrets. The other version of her death, according to more recent sources, is that after the Nazis approached the trench holding several remaining Soviet soldiers, Stempkovskaya entered the battlefield with a machine gun in her last stand and was killed by gunfire, even though radio operators were at high risk of being captured by the Axis to reveal the information they received and transmitted and weren't supposed to be at the front of the fighting. All remaining members of the battalion that did not flee when the Germans began closing in were killed in the battle.

Yelena Konstantinovna Stempkovskaya (; – 26 June 1942) was a radio operator in the 216th Rifle Regiment of the 76th Rifle Division, 21st Army, on the Southwestern front during World War II. For her service in the military she was posthumously awarded the title Hero of the Soviet Union on 15 May 1946.

Elena Stempkovskaïa () est une opératrice radio du Régiment de carabiniers, Division d'infanterie, Armée, sur le Front du Sud-Ouest au cours de la Seconde Guerre mondiale. Pour son service dans l'armée, elle reçoit à titre posthume le titre de Héroïne de l'Union soviétique le.


Club career.

Hajduk Split.

Having passed through the ranks of the Hajduk Split youth academy, Bradarić was loaned in the summer of 2011 to the Treća HNL Jug side NK Primorac 1929 for two seasons, and there he was a first-team fixture both in the third and the second tier of Croatian football. In the summer of 2013, he joined Hajduk's first team under the coach Igor Tudor, making his Prva HNL debut on 13 July 2013, coming in the 73rd minute of his club's 5–1 away win vs. NK Zadar for Tonći Mujan.

Rijeka.

On 3 February 2015 Bradarić signed a -year deal with HNK Rijeka. On 5 May 2017, HNK Rijeka and Bradarić agreed to a contract extension until June 2020.

Cagliari.

On 3 August 2018 he signed a five-year contract with Cagliari, thus beginning his first experience abroad. In the Sardinian team he joined his countrymen Darijo Srna and Marko Pajač.

International career.

In November 2016, Bradarić received his first call-up to the senior Croatia squad for matches against Iceland and Northern Ireland. He made his debut in a friendly against Northern Ireland on 15 November 2016.  In May 2018, he was named in Croatia’s preliminary 32 man squad for the 2018 FIFA World Cup in Russia. On 4 June 2018, Bradarić was included in Croatia's final World Cup squad. On 26 June 2018, he came on as a substitute for Luka Modrić in the 65th minute of the 2018 FIFA World Cup match against Iceland, becoming the third player in HNK Rijeka's history to feature in the FIFA World Cup.

Honours.

Primorac 1929  HNK Rijeka  Croatia  Orders

Filip Bradarić (; born 11 January 1992) is a Croatian professional footballer who currently plays as a midfielder for La Liga club Celta Vigo, on loan from Cagliari and the Croatia national football team.

Filip Bradarić, né le à Split, est un footballeur international croate évoluant au poste de milieu de terrain au Celta Vigo, en prêt de Cagliari Calcio.


Background and education.

Lascelles was born in London, the fifth son of William Lascelles, himself the third son of Henry Lascelles, 2nd Earl of Harewood. His mother was Lady Caroline Howard, daughter of George Howard, 6th Earl of Carlisle. He was educated at Harrow and joined the Diplomatic Service in 1861.

Diplomatic career.

Lascelles served in junior positions at the British embassies in Madrid, Paris, Rome, Washington D.C., and Athens. He was trained in the diplomatic service by Richard Lyons, 1st Viscount Lyons, and was a member of the Tory-sympathetic 'Lyons School' of British diplomacy. Lascelles was Consul-General in Egypt from 20 March to 10 October 1879, during the last years of the reign of Khedive Isma'il Pasha. In 1879 Lascelles became Consul-General in Bulgaria, which had been an autonomous principality since the Treaty of Berlin of 1878. He remained in Bulgaria until 1887, and was then Minister (similar to ambassador) to Romania from 1887 to 1891 and to Persia from 1891 to 1894, where his niece Gertrude Bell visited him, starting a lifelong passion for travel. He served briefly as Ambassador to Russia between 1894 and 1895, but in the latter year he was appointed to succeed Sir Edward Malet as Ambassador to Germany.  His tenure in Berlin saw the growing estrangement between Germany and the UK, and Lascelles notably had to deal with the effects of the Kruger telegram only days after his arrival. His relationship with Emperor Wilhelm II was always cordial but he was known to resent the policies of Chancellor Bernhard von Bülow. He resigned as ambassador in 1908 but continued to exercise influence over Anglo-German relations up until the First World War.  Lascelles was knighted KCMG in 1886, promoted to GCMG in 1892, appointed GCB in 1897, and GCVO in 1904 following King Edward VII's meeting with Emperor Wilhelm II at Kiel. He was admitted to the Privy Council in 1894.

Family.

In 1869 Lascelles married Mary Emma Olliffe (1845–1897), daughter of Sir Joseph Olliffe who was physician to the British Embassy in Paris. They had three children:  Lascelles survived his wife by over twenty years and died in 1920, aged 78. He is buried in Brompton Cemetery, London.

Sir Frank Cavendish Lascelles (23 March 1841 – 2 January 1920) was a British diplomat. He served as Ambassador to both Russia and Germany.

Sir Frank Cavendish Lascelles GCB GCMG GCVO PC ( – ) était un diplomate britannique. Il a servi comme ambassadeur en Russie et en Allemagne.


Background.

For the first time Dalida presented more songs originally written for her, than covers of foreign hits. All of them were top 20 hits.  Covering "Marina", she brought Italian language hit to French public, but the "Ne joue pas" was already a French song originally recorded by Colette Deréal the same year. "J'ai rêvé" is a cover of Rock and roll US hit "Dream lover" and "La chanson d'Orpheé" is the Bossa nova theme song of Orfeu Negro. The first such in Dalida's repertoire, she expressed her own admiration of the song including it in several compilation albums in future decades. She also recorded an Italian version that peaked at number ten in Italy.  The title song "Love in Portofino" was released prior to the album. It was immediately covered by several French and Italian artists under the same name or as "A San Cristina". In hope of attracting more sales, "A San Cristina" was included in the album's name. The song wasn't big sales success, but nevertheless in future it became iconized as hymn of Portofino and well remembered by the local public, also being covered by Andrea Bocelli.  On the album, "Elle, lui et l'autre" was issued for the first time and went on to become Canadian number one hit and produced the eponymous album.  The album was completely recorded in Studio Hoche in Paris, under orchestra conduction of Raymond Lefèvre, and was released in early December 1959 in 25 cm (10 inch) format under catalog number 80 115. In 2004, Barclay Records, then as part of Universal Music France, reissued the album in original vinyl format and a digitally remastered version in CD, both with original cover art and track list.  The first issue sold over 20 000 copies and reissue in 1960 additional 10 000. The retrospective reissue of 2004 sold all 8,500 numbered copies, adding up to total sales that surpass 40,000 units, making the album one of best selling French albums of 1950s.

Love in Portofino (A San Cristina) is the sixth and last studio album of 1950s by French singer Dalida. It was released in December 1959 through Barclay Records.

Love in Portofino est le sixième album, en français, anglais et italien, de la chanteuse Dalida, publié en, par Barclay Records (numéro de catalogue 80 115 M.


Luxembourg (European Parliament constituency)

Luxembourg (circonscription électorale européenne)

Returned members.

Note on European parties: the Christian Social People's Party (CSV) is a member of the centre-right European People's Party, the Luxembourg Socialist Workers' Party is a member of the centre-left Party of European Socialists (sitting with S&D) and the Democratic Party (DP) is a member of the centrist European Liberal Democrat and Reform Party (sitting with ALDE).

1979.

The 1979 European election was the first direct election to be held to the European Parliament, and hence the first time Luxembourg voted for their MEPs.

1984.

The 1984 European election was the second election to the European Parliament.

1989.

The 1989 European election was the third election to the European Parliament.

1994.

The 1994 European election was the fourth election to the European Parliament.

1999.

The 1999 European election was the fifth election to the European Parliament and was held in Luxembourg on 13 June. Astrid Lulling and Jacques Santer (former Commission President) were elected for the Christian Social People's Party (European People's Party), Colette Flesch for the Democratic Party (European Liberal Democrat and Reform Party) and Robert Goebbels and Jacques Poos for the Luxembourg Socialist Workers' Party (Party of European Socialists).

2004.

The 2004 European election was the sixth election to the European Parliament and was held in Luxembourg on 13 June. The ruling Christian Social People's Party polled strongly, while the opposition Luxembourg Socialist Workers' Party lost ground.  The Luxembourg electoral system allows each voter to cast as many votes as there are members to be elected. These figures show the number of votes cast for each party, not the number of voters who cast them.

2009.

The 2009 European election was the seventh election to the European Parliament and was held in Luxembourg on 7 June.

2014.

The 2014 European election was the eighth election to the European Parliament and was held in Luxembourg on 25 May.

For elections in the European Union, Luxembourg is a constituency of the European Parliament, currently represented by six MEPs. It covers the member state of Luxembourg and uses the D'Hondt method.

Le Luxembourg est l'unique circonscription électorale luxembourgeoise pour les élections européennes. Depuis les élections européennes du 10 juin 1979, elle est représentée au Parlement européen par six députés élus au suffrage universel direct. Les pays les moins peuplés de l'Union, ne dépassant pas, à l'instar du Luxembourg, disposent d'une surreprésentation au Parlement européen, avec 6 élus, seuil minimum par État.


History.

Alta Vista was founded in 1887, and it was incorporated as a city in 1905. Alta Vista is derived from the Spanish word for "high view", and the city was so named from its lofty elevation.  In 1887, the Chicago, Kansas and Nebraska Railway built a main line from Topeka through Alta Vista to Herington. The Chicago, Kansas and Nebraska Railway was foreclosed in 1891 and taken over by Chicago, Rock Island and Pacific Railway, which shut down in 1980 and reorganized as Oklahoma, Kansas and Texas Railroad, merged in 1988 with Missouri Pacific Railroad, merged in 1997 with Union Pacific Railroad. Most locals still refer to this railroad as the "Rock Island".  The first post office in Alta Vista was established in March 1887.

Geography.

According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of, all of it land.

Climate.

The climate in this area is characterized by hot, humid summers and generally mild to cool winters. According to the Köppen Climate Classification system, Alta Vista has a humid subtropical climate, abbreviated "Cfa" on climate maps.

Demographics.

Alta Vista is part of the Topeka, Kansas Metropolitan Statistical Area.

2010 census.

As of the census of 2010, there were 444 people, 189 households, and 128 families residing in the city. The population density was. There were 211 housing units at an average density of. The racial makeup of the city was 98.2% White, 0.7% African American, 0.2% Native American, 0.2% Asian, and 0.7% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 4.3% of the population.  There were 189 households of which 32.3% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 51.9% were married couples living together, 10.6% had a female householder with no husband present, 5.3% had a male householder with no wife present, and 32.3% were non-families. 28.6% of all households were made up of individuals and 10.5% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.35 and the average family size was 2.80.  The median age in the city was 41.5 years. 25% of residents were under the age of 18; 5.5% were between the ages of 18 and 24; 24.4% were from 25 to 44; 29.7% were from 45 to 64; and 15.5% were 65 years of age or older. The gender makeup of the city was 52.3% male and 47.7% female.

2000 census.

As of the census of 2000, there were 442 people, 190 households, and 126 families residing in the city. The population density was 1,242.1 people per square mile (474.0/km2). There were 216 housing units at an average density of 607.0 per square mile (231.7/km2). The racial makeup of the city was 97.29% White, 1.36% Native American, 0.68% Pacific Islander, and 0.68% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 4.07% of the population.  There were 190 households out of which 30.0% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 52.1% were married couples living together, 10.5% had a female householder with no husband present, and 33.2% were non-families. 31.1% of all households were made up of individuals and 16.8% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.33 and the average family size was 2.90.  In the city, the population was spread out with 24.0% under the age of 18, 7.7% from 18 to 24, 25.3% from 25 to 44, 27.4% from 45 to 64, and 15.6% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 41 years. For every 100 females, there were 113.5 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 103.6 males.  The median income for a household in the city was $32,159, and the median income for a family was $38,542. Males had a median income of $29,167 versus $20,833 for females. The per capita income for the city was $15,885. About 8.0% of families and 9.9% of the population were below the poverty line, including 15.5% of those under age 18 and 11.4% of those age 65 or over.

Education.

The community is served by Morris County USD 417 public school district.  Alta Vista High School was closed through school unification. The Alta Vista High School mascot was Bulldogs.

Infrastructure.

Transportation.

Alta Vista is served by the Union Pacific Railroad, formerly the Southern Pacific, and prior, the Chicago, Rock Island and Pacific Railroad. Alta Vista is located on UP's Golden State main line to El Paso, Texas. The line was originally built by the Chicago, Kansas and Nebraska Railroad.

Alta Vista is a city in Wabaunsee County, Kansas, United States. As of the 2010 census, the city population was 444.

Alta Vista est une municipalité américaine située dans le comté de Wabaunsee au Kansas. Lors du recensement de 2010, sa population est de. La municipalité s'étend alors sur une superficie de.


Life.

Cheng was born in Jiangdu, Jiangsu province. His father was a merchant in the salt business. Huishang (), that is to say, businessmen from Huizhou (), not only did well in business, but also played an important role in cultural field. There were many Huizhou merchants who were excellent in academic fields. Cheng was such a Huishang () who did well both in business and Confucianism. He earned much while being interested in cultural investments. He achieved the Imperial examination degree of Jinshi in 1771 and he was appointed to the Hanlin Academy (). After that, he continued to take the imperial examination several times but failed all. In 1773, Cheng was appointed to edit Siku Quanshu.  Cheng married in 1736 to his cousin Xiao who was the daughter of his mother's brother. When he got elderly, he took two concubines.  Cheng carried on the family business in selling salt. Wu Jingzi (), who hated salt merchants, also became his friend. When the two became friends, Cheng was 24 and Wu was 41. But their friendship wasn't influenced by the difference of age and their sincere friendship lasted a lifetime. He often discussed academic problems with scholars. In his early life, Cheng made friends with Shang Pan () and Yuan Mei (). In his later years, he often traveled with Zhu Yun () and Dai Zhen (). Cheng was so dedicated in social and cultural work that he had no time to manage his business and eventually went bankrupt.  In April 1784, Cheng decided to go to Shaanxi Province to ask his friend Bi Yuan () for help because of his financial problem. However, soon after Cheng's arrival at Bi Yuan's place, he died of illness on 21 June 1784.

Studies.

Confucianism.

Cheng learnt Confucianism from one of his family member named Cheng Tingzuo (), who was a famous specialist in Confucianism at that time. In Cheng's later years, he also learned Confucianism from master Dai zhen () and Zhu Yun (). Even though he was born rich, he immersed himself in studying Confucianism and he spent almost all his money in buying books and helping poor scholars. He bought over 50,000 books on Confucianism and the poor scholars were free to read them. He even offered them shelters and food and he enjoyed sharing ideas with those scholars.

Study on Wu Jingzi's "scholars" "儒林外史".

Cheng is one of Wu Jingzi’s () most intimate friends in his late years. Wu Jingzi's "Scholars" was first published by Cheng, which is one of the greatest contributions to the world for him. Meanwhile, Cheng is also the first scholar to make an all-around comment on Wu and his "Scholars". Cheng's records of Wu's life, his analysis of Wu the person and his thoughts, and his comments on the ideological theme of the "Scholars" are all of very high academic value. But his review of the author and the opus is biased, more or less, which shows the limitations of the time and the individual vision.

Thoughts on education.

Cheng held the opinion that it was more important for scholars to be practical than to be academic. He was in favor of both innovation and seeking the truth from facts. Cheng pointed out that scholars should explore the true meaning of Confucius and Mencius rather than be pursuing the fame of Imperial Examination. Cheng also suggested that people should be proficient in both study and archery.

Cheng Jinfang () (1718–1784) was a well-known poet and scholar of the Qing Dynasty who followed the Tongcheng school of literary prose. His courtesy name was Yumen () and his pseudonym was Jiyuan ().

Cheng Jinfang (chinois : 程晋芳 ; pinyin : Chéng Jìnfāng) (1718-1784) est un poète et érudit de la dynastie Qing de l'école de prose littéraire Tongcheng. Son nom de courtoisie est Yumen (鱼门) et son pseudonyme Jiyuan (蕺园).


World War II service.

Taking on a full load of fuel oil, she sailed for Bermuda on 1 May; from there she was taken in tow to Oran, where she arrived 26 May. From Oran she sailed to Bizerte, Tunisia, arriving there 8 June; although under frequent air attack "Guyandot" worked unceasingly shuttling oil through the wreck-laden channel. Sailing to Tunis on 27 June, "Guyandot" began fueling ships for the Sicilian invasion and, after the assault in late July, carried high octane fuel to the newly taken port of Palermo, again under heavy air attack.

Supporting invasion of Italy operations.

Returning to Tunis 30 August, she began shuttling oil between that port and Bizerte and continued this duty until the Italian invasion was well under way. Arriving in Taranto, Italy, on 8 November, she performed yeoman work in carrying high octane aviation fuel from tankers to the shore. After a month in Palermo for drydock and overhaul, "Guyandot" returned to Taranto to take on gasoline and then sailed into the Adriatic for the port of Bari, arriving 8 February 1944. From Bari she shuttled oil north to Manfredonia to supply the 15th Air Force at Foggia; this work continued until late March, when she struck an underwater obstacle in Bari and, after two trips with a wooden patch, had to put in for more lasting repairs at Bizerte.

The first American ship to dock at Piraeus.

Emerging from drydock 11 May, "Guyandot" spent a month carrying oil from Bizerte to Italy and then sailed again to Bari, arriving there 15 June 1944. From Bari she took high octane fuel to Manfredonia and Monopoli, carrying approximately 40 million gallons of gasoline for the forces moving up the Italian peninsula. An important break in her shuttle runs came from 2 November to 14 November, when she carried a load of high octane to Piraeus (Port of Athens), Greece; the British had landed in Greece only in late October and "Guyandot" was the first American ship to dock in Piraeus since before the outbreak of war.

Final operations.

Back on the Bari-Manfredonia-Monopoli run, "Guyandot" continued shuttling oil until 9 December, when she sailed to Palermo for repairs and drydocking; on 7 January 1945, she crossed the Mediterranean to Bizerte.

Decommissioning.

Decommissioned there 12 January, she was transferred to the French Navy as part of lend-lease. France returned the ship to the Navy on 21 March 1949 and on that same day formally purchased "Guyandot" for service under the name "Lac Noir". Her name was struck from the Navy List 28 April 1949.

Military awards and honors.

"Guyandot’s" crew was eligible for the following medals:

USS "Guyandot" (AOG-16) was a gasoline tanker acquired by the U.S. Navy for the dangerous task of transporting gasoline to warships in the fleet, and to remote Navy stations.

Le Lac Noir est un pétrolier de la Marine nationale française. Ce navire américain construit en 1930 à destinée civile porte le nom de'puis il est acquis en 1943 par l’US Navy pour participer à la Seconde Guerre mondiale. Elle le baptise "Guyandot" et l'affecte au théâtre d'opérations méditerranéen où il soutient la campagne d'Italie. Puis il est transféré à la France au titre du'en 1945. Celle-ci le renomme "Lac Noir". Acheté en 1949, il est condamné à Toulon en 1952. Sa coque sert alors de brise-lames vers 1953 avant de constituer une cible pour l’école de canonnage vers 1960.


Family.

Neville was the fifth son of George Neville, 4th Baron Bergavenny (1436–1492), by his first wife, Margaret Fenn (d. 28 September 1485), the daughter and heir of Hugh Fenne.

Career.

Although there is no formal record of his legal education, Neville was a member of Gray's Inn, and by 1514 had begun to oversee the legal process by which tenants in chief of the Crown sued out their liveries to obtain possession of their estates. In 1529 he was appointed to supervise the suing out of all liveries involving lands in England, Wales and Calais. Between the years 1516 and 1527 he was also in frequent attendance at meetings of King Henry VIII's council, and was active in both Star Chamber and the Court of Requests. It is said that by 1522, of the Masters of Requests only he and Sir Thomas More had access to the King.  Details of Neville's early Parliamentary career are unclear, although it is likely he represented a constituency in Kent. On 8 February 1515, he was chosen Speaker of the House of Commons, and knighted by Henry VIII in the presence of both houses, 'a mark of distinction thought to be without precedent'. After his term as Speaker, he appears to have left Parliament, but continued to serve at court, where he had livery in Henry VIII's household in 1519. He was a signatory to at least two treaties, and was present at both the Field of Cloth of Gold and Henry VIII's meeting with Emperor Charles V. He is recorded as having received a New Year's gift from the King in 1533, and was among the courtiers present when Anne of Cleves was welcomed at Dover.  In 1521 his eldest brother, George Neville, 5th Baron Bergavenny, was disgraced, and was compelled to sell his principal manor of Birling in Kent to the Crown. In 1538 another of his brothers, Sir Edward Neville, was executed. However the misfortunes which befell his brothers appear to have had no effect on Neville's own career.  In 1535, he was involved in unsuccessful negotiations to marry his only child, Margaret, to Gregory Cromwell, the son of Henry VIII's chief minister, Thomas Cromwell. Thomas Cromwell is said to have chosen Margaret's eventual husband, Sir Robert Southwell.  Although he did not acquire extensive lands, Neville was wealthy enough to lend money to other courtiers, including the King's brother-in-law, Charles Brandon, 1st Duke of Suffolk, and Henry Percy, 5th Earl of Northumberland.  Neville made his will on 23 May 1542, appointing as executors his cousin, Sir Thomas Willoughby, Chief Justice of the Common Pleas, and Sir John Baker. He died six days later, and was buried in Mereworth church in Kent, where he is commemorated by a memorial brass.

Marriages and issue.

Neville married firstly Katherine (née Dacre), widow of George, 8th Baron FitzHugh (d. 28 January 1513), and daughter of Humphrey Dacre, 1st Baron Dacre of Gilsland and Mabel Parr, the daughter of Sir Thomas Parr (d. 24 November 1464), by whom he had an only child, Margaret Neville, who on 1 May 1536 married Sir Robert Southwell. After the death of Sir Robert Southwell, Margaret married William Plumbe. She died 25 December 1575, and was buried in the Church of St Giles at Wyddial, Hertfordshire, where there is a memorial brass commemorating her.  Neville married secondly Elizabeth (née Bryce), widow of Robert Amadas (d. 7 April 1532), a London goldsmith and Master of Henry VIII's Jewel House, who predeceased him, and by whom he left no issue.

Sir Thomas Neville or Nevill (by 1484 – 29 May 1542) was a younger son of George Neville, 4th Baron Bergavenny. He was a prominent lawyer and a trusted councillor of King Henry VIII, and was elected Speaker of the House of Commons in 1515.

Sir Thomas Neville, né en 1484 au plus tard et mort le, est un juriste et homme politique anglais proche du roi Henri VIII.


Cedar Township, Callaway County, Missouri

Cedar Township (comté de Callaway, Missouri)

Geography.

Cedar Township today covers an area of and revolves around the incorporated town of New Bloomfield and areas in the northern reaches of Holts Summit addresses around Lake Mykee. Cedar Township includes the streams of Fitzhugh Branch, Kelly Branch, Lawson Branch, Murphy Branch, Murray Branch, Riley Branch, Skunk Creek and Town Creek, and cemeteries named Boyce, Cason, King, Mount Zion, Perry, Prospect, Providence, Saint Paul and Sheley. Cedar Township is bordered to the north by Guthrie Township (incl Guthrie), to the east by Caldwell Township (incl Dixie), to the southeast by Cote Sans Dessein township (incl Tebbetts and the remains of the historic Effie and Cote Sans Dessein settlements). To the direct south and southwest of Cedar Township today are Summit Township (including Holts Summit and the southern frontier town of Cedar City now absorbed into Jefferson City).

History.

Cedar Township was established in 1824, and named after the Missouri River tributary Cedar Creek, which generally forms its western border with Boone County. At that time, it included what is now Summit Township (to its south), later separated around 1890.  Unfortunate confusion has arisen in historical and genealogical research from the fact that the nearby historic Missouri River shore town of Cedar City is no longer inside Cedar Township, but instead at the southern shoreline boundary of Summit Township, beyond Holts Summit, and since 1989 incorporated into the city limits of Jefferson City after its expansion northward across the Missouri River into Callaway County. To clarify 'the two Cedars' (both mentioned in historical and genealogical research) and changes over time, a historic map of Callaway County townships, where one can see both Cedar Township (hub in New Bloomfield, and north of the Summit Township created between 1883 and 1897) and Cedar City (at the far south of Summit Township but inside the former boundaries of Cedar Township) in detail can be found at http://cdm16795.contentdm.oclc.org/cdm/ref/collection/moplatbooks/id/656. Historic maps often do not show the relatively new and short-lived Lake Mykee Town, located near the border between Cedar and Summit townships, and Lake Mykee was absorbed in 2017 into the city limits of Holts Summit, making Holts Summit extend from its Summit Township base across into southern Cedar Township.

NOTE: Cedar Township in Callaway County no longer contains the town of Cedar City (now incorporated into Jefferson City) since boundary changes creating Summit Township from its former southern sector sometime between 1883 and 1897. This has caused some confusion in historical, geographic, and genealogical research—see "History" section below.

Cedar Township est un township du comté de Callaway dans le Missouri, aux États-Unis. En 2010, sa population s'élève à habitants. Le township est fondé en 1824 et baptisé en référence à la.


Background.

In 1278, when Prince William II of Villehardouin died without male offspring, per the Treaty of Viterbo, the princely title of Achaea in southern Greece passed to the Angevin King of Sicily, Charles of Anjou. In 1289, the Angevins had passed control of the principality to William's eldest daughter, Isabella of Villehardouin, and her descendants, but retained their suzerainty over Achaea. After Isabella's death in 1312, her younger sister Margaret of Villehardouin claimed the principality, or at least part of it, as her inheritance, but her claims were rejected by the Angevins, who supported the succession of Isabella's daughter, Matilda of Hainaut.  In order to gain support for her claims, Margaret visited Sicily in February 1314 to wed her only daughter, Isabella of Sabran to the "Infante" Ferdinand of Majorca, who, as a landless prince, was eager to claim the princely title of Achaea. The wedding was celebrated at Messina in February 1314 in great pomp. Margaret passed her titles and claims to them, and returned to Achaea. There she was confronted with the hostility of the Achaean barons to her act, and imprisoned by the Angevin "bailli" Nicholas le Maure at the castle of Chlemoutsi, where she died in March 1315. Soon after, Ferdinand invaded Achaea in a bid to claim the Principality from Matilda and her husband, Louis of Burgundy, who were still absent from Greece. Landing in late June, by August Ferdinand had taken over the town of Glarentza and the principality's heartland, the rich plains of Elis.

Battle and aftermath.

The subsequent events are described in the Aragonese version of the "Chronicle of the Morea". In late 1315, Princess Matilda arrived in Achaea, landing at Port-de-Jonc with 1,000 Burgundian soldiers, as her husband's vanguard. Nicholas le Maure and several of the Achaean barons, who had recognized Ferdinand's rule, now came over to seek her pardon. Ferdinand reacted by capturing the castle of Chalandritsa, whose baron had defected to Matilda, and garrisoning it with 1,500 men. He then proceeded to lay siege to Patras, which was successfully defended by its archbishop, Renier.  In early 1316 the Princess appointed a commander, who led the Burgundians and the feudal levies of the Achaean barons loyal to her north. The loyalist army encamped at a village called Picotin, near Palaiopolis (ancient Elis), and on 22 February Ferdinand marched out from Andravida to meet them with 500 cavalry and 500 Almogavar infantry. According to the "Chronicle", to speed their progress, Ferdinand ordered his riders to take each one of the infantry on their horses, himself giving the example. When he saw the Catalans approaching, the Princess' captain arranged the 700 Burgundians in the front line and charged the advancing Catalan army, leaving the Achaean troops back in the second line. The Burgundians unhorsed 300 Catalans on the first clash, but the dismounted riders, together with the Almogavars, used their lances to kill the Burgundian knights' horses to terrible effect: within less than two hours, according to the "Chronicle", the Catalans killed 500 Burgundians and 700 native troops, including Gilbert Sanudo, brother of the Duke of Naxos, and many other nobles. The Catalans reportedly counted 700 dead horses on the battlefield. The remnants of the Princess' army withdrew in haste, pursued by the Catalans for a while, before they turned back to loot the abandoned Achaean camp.  At about the same time as the battle at Picotin, an attempt by Renier of Patras and his men to capture Chalandritsa, while Ferdinand was pre-occupied with the princely army, failed. The defeated Achaean barons retreated once more to the south, into Messenia. There they were soon joined by Louis and his main force, who had landed in Greece at about the time of the battle. Reinforced by Byzantine troops from Mystras, Louis enjoyed a large numerical superiority, and at the Battle of Manolada on 5 July 1316, Ferdinand was defeated and killed. The Catalans abandoned the fortresses they controlled and left Achaea a few months later.

The Battle of Picotin was fought on 22 February 1316 between the Catalan forces of the "infante" Ferdinand of Majorca, claimant to the Principality of Achaea, and the forces loyal to Princess Matilda of Hainaut, comprising native levies from the barons loyal to the Princess as well as Burgundian knights. The battle ended in a crushing victory for Ferdinand, but he was later engaged and killed by the troops of Matilda's husband, Louis of Burgundy, at the Battle of Manolada.

La bataille de Picotin est une bataille du Moyen Âge lors de la campagne de Ferrand de Majorque en Morée.


History.

The Utica Memorial Auditorium was conceived by then-Utica mayor John T. McKennan, who believed that the city needed a place for entertainment and sporting events. McKennan and the administration that he hired to plan out the process, led by Frank M. Romano, then hired Gilbert Seltzer, a well-known architect at that time, to draw up plans for the building. A site was found along the old Erie Canal, and groundbreaking took place April 15, 1957. The arena was constructed using the world's first pre-stressed dual cable roof system, designed by Lev Zetlin (who would later partner with architect Philip Johnson to construct both the New York State Pavilion "Tent of Tomorrow" seen at the 1964 World's Fair and the Munson-Williams-Proctor Arts Institute, also located in Utica, NY) with "struts" between the cables. John A. Roebling's Sons Company developed the tensioning method for the project. Zetlin's design became the predecessor to the many modern dome designs seen today, and has since influenced many other tensile structures including Madison Square Garden. Seltzer would take the most pride in constructing "The Aud", saying, "This was the first successful use of cables for a roof structure."  "The Aud" was also one of the first stadiums to have telescopic seats. Telescopic bleachers (the bleachers pulled out from below higher levels) were common in stadiums, but Zetlin requested more comfortable seating for the arena.  Work continued through 1958 and into 1959. When the Auditorium was finally completed, it became one of just three arenas built without obstructed views. The arena opened on March 13, 1960, with the Greater Utica Industrial Exposition its first event, running three evenings from March 16–19. 96 exhibitors took part in the presentation which drew an attendance of some 45,000. In 1962, it hosted the NCAA Division I Men's Hockey Championship (AKA the "Frozen Four"). In 2017, the arena hosted the Division III "Frozen Four".  Scenes from the 1977 film "Slap Shot" starring Paul Newman were shot at the Auditorium. The original center-hung scoreboard, as seen in the movie, was unusual in that the game time was kept by a digital clock, while the penalty time was kept by analog clocks. This was eventually replaced by a center-hung scoreboard designed by Eversan, which includes a one-line messageboard. "The Aud" also held a Santana concert on February 22, 1973 during their Caravanserai Tour, their only concert in Utica, and the arena has the distinction of being the location of one of the last scheduled Elvis Presley concerts. The concert was scheduled to be on Friday, August 19, 1977, three days after Presley's death on August 16.  In 2011, the Utica Memorial Auditorium was designated as a National Historic Civil Engineering Landmark by the American Society of Civil Engineers in recognition of its innovative cable suspended roof.  On June 14, 2013, it was announced that the Peoria Rivermen, the AHL farm team of the National Hockey League's Vancouver Canucks would be relocating to the Utica Memorial Auditorium for the 2013-2014 season as the Utica Comets. As the AHL has a strong presence in Western and Central New York State, the league agreed to the move, citing the move would further boost the league's strength in the Northeast while further cutting down on travel expenses. Travis Green was named as the first head coach in team history on July 23, 2013, joining the Comets from the Portland Winterhawks of the WHL. The Comets played their first game in franchise history on October 11, 2013 at Blue Cross Arena in Rochester, losing 4-1 to the Rochester Americans. The first Comet goal ever (and the game's lone Comet goal) was scored by Pascal Pelletier at 13:28 of the third period. On October 23, 2013, the Comets played at "The Aud" for the first time, losing 4-1 to the Albany Devils in front of a sold-out crowd. Frank Corrado scored the first Comet goal on home ice (and the Comets' only goal of the game) with 6:48 remaining. Green named Colin Stuart the first captain in team history on October 30, 2013.  Today, in addition to the Comets, the Auditorium plays host to the Utica College Pioneers men's and women's ice hockey teams which play in the United Collegiate Hockey Conference of the NCAA Division III, The Skating Club of Utica, The Jr. Comets Youth Hockey Program and several high school varsity ice hockey teams. It has been the former home for the Mohawk Valley Comets of the North American Hockey League, the Mohawk Valley Stars/Comets of the Atlantic Coast Hockey League, the Utica Devils of the American Hockey League, the Utica Bulldogs/Blizzard and Mohawk Valley Prowlers of the United Hockey League, and the Mohawk Valley IceCats of the North Eastern Hockey League. Both Pioneer hockey teams boast the highest average attendance for a Division III hockey team in the United States, with regular season games frequently selling out.  In recent years, "The Aud" has earned high rankings from various hockey circles, earning the #8 spot in "The 10 Coolest Hockey Rinks in the World" list by Complex Magazine, the #8 rank for best AHL arena by Stadium Journey, and #4 in the Pure Hockey Blog's list of the top 6 places to skate for hockey.  Photos and renderings of the Utica Memorial Auditorium are on permanent display at New York's Museum of Modern Art. The museum's collection honors the auditorium as an architectural landmark.  On September 27, 2017, the Upper Mohawk Valley Memorial Auditorium Authority announced a 10-year naming rights deal with locally based Adirondack Bank, amending the official name of "The Aud" to Adirondack Bank Center at the Utica Memorial Auditorium.  In November 2017, work was completed on the 26,000-square-foot expansion that added a new entrance, a half-dozen executive suites, a new women's bathroom, a building-wide sprinkler system and other amenities to the facility. The $10.55 million project was fully funded by the state. A restaurant named "72 Tavern & Grill" was constructed on existing foundation on the West side of the facility that supported underground areas of the Aud. The "72" is in honor of the 72 cables that have held up the roof of the Adirondack Bank Center for more than 50 years.  On June 1, 2018, the Adirondack Bank Center hosted.  On June 13, 2018, Mohawk Valley Garden CEO Rob Esche and Major Arena Soccer League (MASL) commissioner Joshua Schaub, along with other officials, announced that Utica will field a professional indoor soccer team — called Utica City Football Club, or UCFC for short — that will play home games at the Adirondack Bank Center at the Utica Memorial Auditorium beginning with the 2018-19 season. The team had previously been known as the Syracuse Silver Knights.

High school sports.

In addition to its regular season high school hockey games, the Utica Memorial Auditorium hosted the New York State Ice Hockey semi-finals and finals every year from its inception to the 2015 Championships. In August 2015, NYSPHSAA announced it would be moving the state tournament to Buffalo's HarborCenter. On March 9–10, 1973, Utica Memorial Auditorium hosted the 11th NYSPHSAA state wrestling tournament. The annual tournament has not returned to Utica since.

The Adirondack Bank Center at the Utica Memorial Auditorium is a 3,860-seat multi-purpose arena in Utica, New York, with a capacity of 5,700 for concerts. Nicknamed the Aud, it is the home arena of the Utica Comets, the AHL affiliate of the NHL's Vancouver Canucks, and Utica City FC of the MASL.

L'Adirondack Bank Center at the Utica Memorial Auditorium est un aréna à usages multiples d'une capacité de (hockey sur glace) et de (concerts) sièges situé à Utica, dans l'État de New York. Il a ouvert officiellement ses portes le. Depuis 2013, il est le domicile de l'équipe professionnelle de hockey sur glace des Comets d'Utica de la Ligue américaine de hockey, affiliés aux Canucks de Vancouver de la LNH.


Plot.

The film focuses on the courtship and marriage of aging Greek Theo Tomasis, who rose from his humble peasant roots to become an influential mogul who owns oil tankers, airlines, and Mediterranean islands and longs to be elected President of Greece, and considerably younger Liz Cassidy, the beautiful widow of the assassinated President of the United States. The two first meet when she is visiting his island estate with her husband James, the charismatic Senator from the state of Massachusetts. Theo immediately is attracted to her and, despite the fact she obviously is happily married, begins to woo her aboard his yacht while her husband is deep in conversation with the former Prime Minister of the United Kingdom. As the plot unfolds, Theo's beloved son Nico dies in an accident, his wife Simi commits suicide, James becomes President and appoints his brother John Attorney General, and Theo ends his affair with Paola to comfort and eventually marry grieving widow Liz.

Production.

The film was shot on location in New York City, Athens, Mykonos, Corfu, Washington, D.C., and London.  The film's theme song, "(Life is) Just a Dance with Time," was written by John Kongos and recorded by Petula Clark in both English and French (as "Le Grec").

Critical reception.

The film opened to negative reviews, for the jet set films of the time were losing audience attention and box office receipts. Audiences had stopped caring about the stories of rich and famous people such as had interested them in the 1960s, in the time of movies like "The Carpetbaggers" and "Where Love Has Gone". In the end, the blockbuster films and special-effects films of the late 1970s attracted more viewers than the films about the decadent rich.  Vincent Canby of "The New York Times" called the film "as witless as it is gutless" and said it "recalls a sort of newspaper journalism you don't see much anymore — the Sunday supplement recapitulation of a famous murder, divorce or other scandal, put together, from morgue clips, and filled out by the writer with breathless speculation about what really might have happened and what really might have been said, always with more exclamation points than are absolutely necessary. It's the literature of vultures who have no interest in tearing into something of the first freshness."  Roger Ebert gave the film 2 stars out of 4 and wrote, "'The Greek Tycoon' was not made without a certain style, and it cost a lot of money, but watching it is somehow like witnessing a multimillion-dollar cinematic edition of the National Enquirer." Ebert went on to state, however, that "I must give credit where due: The role of the tycoon is wonderfully well-acted by Anthony Quinn, and the movie's good moments are all his."  "Variety" said, "It's a trashy, opulent, vulgar, racy $6.5 million picture. You've watched the headlines, now you can read the movie."  Gene Siskel of the "Chicago Tribune" awarded 3.5 stars out of 4 and wrote, "This one is easy to review. 'The Greek Tycoon,' a film a clef about Jackie Kennedy and Aristotle Onassis, is a lot of fun and it's great looking. And surprise—it's not tasteless." He also called Quinn "superb. He's vulgar, cunning, brutal, funny — a Zorba as captain of a multinational business. Everything about the character is correct."  Kevin Thomas of the "Los Angeles Times" wrote that "surprisingly enough, once past the obligatory gestures to the lavish jet set genre to which 'The Greek Tycoon' inevitably belongs, we're actually able to forget Quinn and Miss Bisset's real-life counterparts and become involved and even moved by a stormy-tender romance between two dramatic people. Writer Mort Fine, working from a story by him and others, and director J. Lee Thompson, who has a knack for drawing fine performances from actors regardless of a film's level or scope, has brought out the very best from Miss Bisset and especially Quinn."  Jack Kroll of "Newsweek" called it a "foul and sleazy film" that "is so awful you hate to use it to raise an ethical issue, but it does make you wonder just when sleaze curdles into slander - moral if not legal. You don't know whom to feel sorrier for, the bedeviled Jackie Onassis or the beautiful Jackie Bisset. Jackie O can't help being an American obsession, but Jackie B should have known better than to sign on this yacht of fools."  Gary Arnold of "The Washington Post" called the film "definitely on the blah side... Producer Allen Klein and the hirelings responsible for 'The Greek Tycoon' lack the courage of their own tastelessness."  "TV Guide" rated the film one star and commented, "If you can't guess who the characters are in this, you must have been living on Mars for the last few decades... If scenery, greenery, and lavish living are what you like to see, you may enjoy "The Greek Tycoon." If honesty, drama, and real feelings are more to your taste, read a book."  "Time Out London" called the film a "glossy travesty" and added, "Upmarket exploitation pics tend to make it (ie. profit) on the merest smell of money, sex and scandal, and this effort just reeks."

The Greek Tycoon is a 1978 American drama film, of the "roman à clef" type, directed by J. Lee Thompson. The screenplay by Morton S. Fine is based on a story by Fine, Nico Mastorakis, and Win Wells, who loosely based it on Aristotle Onassis and his relationship with Jacqueline Kennedy. Mastorakis denied this, instead stating "We're not doing a film about Aristotle Onassis. It's a personification of all Greek Tycoons." The film stars Anthony Quinn in the title role and Jacqueline Bisset as the character based on Kennedy. Quinn also appeared in Thompson's picture "The Passage," released the following year.

L'Empire du Grec (titre original : "The Greek Tycoon") est un film dramatique américain réalisé par J. Lee Thompson, sorti en 1978.


Early life.

Amer was born to a Muslim family in Davao City. He started playing basketball at age five, as his father wanted him to be a professional basketball player. At an early age, he was trained to play basketball against his father and brother, both of whom stand between 5'8" to 5'10". He idolized Jimmy Alapag even when he was a kid.

High school career.

Amer played for the Holy Child College of Davao Reds from 2006 to 2009. During his time in Davao City, he was initially discovered by then-national youth head coach Eric Altamirano, who at that time, put up the National Basketball Training Center (NBTC) and held open tryouts. He joined the tryouts and was ranked Top 20 out of the pool of 150 players. He was also invited to the Nike Elite Camp where he was named to the Mythical Five and MVP. Then-San Beda Red Cub coach Ato Badolato discovered him in the Nike Camp and recruited him to play and study at San Beda.  He had to take a one-year residency period under NCAA rules before finally suiting up for the Red Cubs in 2009. In his rookie year, he steered the Red Cubs to their seventeenth NCAA Juniors title, their last one under coach Badolato. The following year, he won the Juniors season MVP while leading the Cubs to another title in 2010. He averaged 16.3 points, 8.5 rebounds, 11.7 assists per game in his final year with the Cubs.

College career.

Amer, now a highly sought-after prospect, was heavily recruited by several schools, but chose to stay at San Beda. Despite playing as backup point guard in his rookie year, he led the Lions in assists, with 4.5 per game average. He also helped the Red Lions to win another title in 2012 and was awarded the Finals MVP despite coming off the bench. Upon the graduation of Anjo Caram, he took the starting point guard slot and led the Lions to two more titles in 2013 and 2014 where thanks to the distribution of Amer, who already had an incredible 11 assists at the half, SBC slowly started to turn the tide of the ball game in their favor and went ahead by eight, 22-14, at the end of the first period in the pivotal Game 2.  He ended his college career failing to secure the six-peat for San Beda whilst being out of action for three months prior during the season after dislocating his right shoulder in a game against Letran. He reinjured his shoulder after hacking Letran guard Mark Cruz in the second quarter, which resulted to an unsportsmanlike foul whistled at him.  Although he was unable to attain the ideal end to his college career, Baser left the ivory-clad walls of San Beda University (then San Beda College) with a wealth of experience and a grateful heart. Despite the losing the coveted prize to Letran, he had solid numbers for the Jamike Jarin-mentored squadron as he finished with 14 points, 3 rebounds, 7 assists and one steal. He also played a pivotal factor in the closing minutes of the fourth quarter as he and fellow graduating Bedan Ola Adeogun sparked an 8-0 run to forge an overtime. Even though the Red Lions fell short in the 5-minute extension period, Amer stressed that he has no regrets for choosing San Beda and added that he will always be proud to be part of the Bedan community. “We may not be able to get the championship, but I have no regrets playing for San Beda,” he wrote in an Instagram post. “My journey as a Red Lion ends, but I will always be a proud Bedan.”

Amateur career.

Amer joined the then-D-League powerhouse NLEX Road Warriors in 2012, where he was a part of three championship teams. When NLEX took the jump to the pros in 2014, he was signed by the Hapee Fresh Fighters and played alongside fellow college standouts and future draft batchmates Chris Newsome, Troy Rosario, Earl Scottie Thompson and Garvo Lanete.

Professional career.

Amer was picked seventh overall by the Meralco Bolts of the Philippine Basketball Association in the 2015 PBA draft. On October 30, 2015, it was announced by his agent, Charlie Dy via his Instagram account that Amer already signed his rookie deal with Meralco. In his PBA debut on November 4, 2015, went scoreless after missing all his four shots, adding just one assist and one board against two turnovers in 14 minutes of action. In his third game with the Bolts, he was thrust into the starting lineup, scoring 9 points (on 57% FG shooting), 3 rebounds, 6 assists in 30:55 minutes of action, in a losing effort against Barako Bull on November 15, 2015.  He was selected for both the 2017 and 2018 PBA All-Star Games, both playing for the Mindanao All-Stars. In 2018, Baser was named the All-Star Game MVP after delivering 22 points, 7 rebounds and 7 assists in the win.

International career.

Amer was part of the 12-man Sinag Pilipinas lineup that competed in the 2015 Southeast Asian Games basketball tournament held in Singapore, where they won the gold medal and the Gilas Cadets lineup that is currently competing in the 2017 Southeast Asian Games basketball tournament held in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.  He was included in the 15-man Gilas Pilipinas lineup for the third window of the 2019 FIBA World Cup Qualifiers. He was not selected to play in their first game against Chinese Taipei men's national basketball team. But, along with forward Carl Bryan Cruz, he completed for the national team against Australia, replacing Jio Jalalon and Allein Maliksi in.In his first game for the Gilas Pilipinas, nine players from the Philippines and four players from Australia were ejected during the 4:02 mark of the third quarter due to being involved in the free-for-all. Only three players, among of which was Amer, remained. After two of the three remaining players fouled out, Philippines lost the game against Australia by default with 1:57 left in the third quarter. Amer was the last man standing, with 3 points in 2 minutes.

PBA career statistics.

"Correct as of March 5, 2019"

Baser C. Amer (born September 29, 1992) is a Filipino professional basketball player for the Meralco Bolts of the Philippine Basketball Association (PBA). He plays both the point guard and shooting guard positions. He earned the moniker, The Hammer during his collegiate stint, and is still his moniker to this day.

Baser C. Amer, né le à Davao, est un joueur de basket-ball professionnel philippin jouant dans l'équipe des Meralco Bolts au sein du championnat des Philippines (""). Il est surnommé « Le marteau » depuis sa période universitaire, et porte toujours ce surnom aujourd'hui.


Report.

The race was run under varying weather conditions over the 24-hour period, with occasional heavy rain leading to length safety car periods several times. The #33 Jetalliance Aston Martin led the race early on, yet was forced to drop out after 158 laps. The lead was then shared by a group of cars all running on the same lap, including both Vitaphone Racing Maseratis as well as the Scuderia Playteam Maserati, as well as the PK Carsport and Carsport Holland Corvettes.  Nearing the final hour of the race, the #1 Vitaphone Racing Maserati had a lap lead over Carsport Holland, but a mistake on a slippery track led to the car becoming buried in a gravel trap. While the car was being extracted, the Carsport Holland Corvette would take over the lead, remaining there to take the victory. The margin of victory was 1:17.756.  In GT2, the BMS Scuderia Italia Porsche lead for nearly the entire event, eventually earning a four lap margin of victory. In the G2 class, the pair of Mosler MT900s would easily defeat other competitors, with the Belgian G&A Racing team taking the class win. Fellow Belgian team Mühlner Motorsport would take the G3 class victory, with their Porsche 997 GT3 Cup 16 laps ahead of the nearest competitor. In the Coupe du Roi relay, the JMB Racing Ferrari would be the only car to finish the event, earning them the win.

Half-point Leaders.

In the FIA GT Championship (using the GT1 and GT2 classes), the top eight teams are awarded half-points for their position both at the six-hour mark as well as at the midway point of the race. Points for the top eight go in the order of 5 – 4 – 3 – 2.5 – 2 – 1.5 – 1 – 0.5.

Official results.

Class winners in bold. Cars failing to complete 75% of winner's distance marked as Not Classified (NC).

The 2007 Total Spa 24 Hours was the 60th running of the Spa 24 Hours as well as the fifth round of the 2007 FIA GT Championship season, was sponsored by Total S.A. The G3 class also included cars running in the GT3 specification seen in the FIA GT3 European Championship, although this event was not part of their scheduled season. It took place at Circuit de Spa-Francorchamps, Belgium, on July 28 and 29 2007.

Les 24 Heures de Spa 2007, disputées les et sur le circuit de Spa-Francorchamps, sont la soixantième édition de l'épreuve et la sixième manche du championnat FIA GT 2007.


France in the Eurovision Song Contest 1977

France au Concours Eurovision de la chanson 1977

Before Eurovision.

National final.

Following the French success in 1976 with a song chosen through a national final, broadcaster TF1 again opted for a public selection.

Semi-finals.

Each semi-final contained seven songs, with the top three in each going forward to the final. The qualifiers were chosen by public televoting.

Final.

The final took place on 6 March 1977, hosted by Evelyn Leclercq, Patrick Sébastien and Yves Lecoq. The winner was chosen by public televoting.

At Eurovision.

On the night of the final Myriam performed last in the running order, following Belgium. Pre-contest betting had suggested that the winner was likely to be one from Belgium, Germany, Ireland or the United Kingdom, with the French song not registering as a potential victor. The United Kingdom took the early initiative in the voting and held the lead until just over half way through, when a late run of high marks to "L'oiseau et l'enfant" and a dip in form from its challengers saw France claim the victory with a final total of 136 points, 15 ahead of the United Kingdom in second place. Although in later years "L'oiseau et l'enfant" attained the status of a Eurovision classic, at the time it was considered a surprising and unexpected winner. France had taken only three maximum 12s (from Finland, Germany and Switzerland) against six for the United Kingdom and four for Ireland, but had scored more consistently across the board, being the only country to receive votes from every other national jury.

France was represented by Marie Myriam, with the song '"L'oiseau et l'enfant", at the 1977 Eurovision Song Contest, which took place on 7 May in London. "L'oiseau et l'enfant" went on to bring France a fifth Eurovision victory, a record at the time.

La France a participé au Concours Eurovision de la chanson 1977 à Londres, au Royaume-Uni. C'est la vingt-et-unième participation de la France au Concours Eurovision de la chanson.


Early life.

McMahon was born in La Prairie, Quebec, Canada, to a family of recent immigrants from Waterford, Ireland. The family moved to the United States when McMahon was an infant and settled in New York. He graduated from St. John's College, Fordham, in 1855 and then studied law in Buffalo, receiving his Master's degree in 1857. After his schooling, he traveled west and worked as a special agent for the post office on the Pacific coast. He was admitted to the Sacramento, California, bar in 1861.

Civil War.

At the outbreak of the Civil War, he raised a company of cavalry and was given the rank of captain at the head of that unit. After learning that his company would not be sent to the front lines, he resigned his command and returned east, where he was appointed aide-de-camp to General George B. McClellan. McMahon remained with the Army of the Potomac throughout the war, eventually rising to the rank of lieutenant colonel. He served as aide de camp to William B. Franklin (May 1862- January 1863) and Chief of Staff and Assistant Adjutant General of the 6th Corps (1 January 1863 to August 1865), serving under John Sedgwick and Horatio G. Wright. McMahon was with 6th Corps commander John Sedgwick at Spotsylvania when Sedgwick was killed. McMahon was the author of "Maj. Gen. John Sedgwick - In Memoriam" (1885).  Decades after the end of the conflict, on March 10, 1891, he was awarded the Medal of Honor for his actions at the Battle of White Oak Swamp on June 30, 1862. His official citation reads: "Under fire of the enemy, successfully destroyed a valuable train that had been abandoned and prevented it from falling into the hands of the enemy."  McMahon's two older brothers were also officers in the war, both with the 164th New York Volunteer Infantry. John Eugene McMahon (1834–1863) commanded the 164th before being injured; he later died of these injuries. Middle brother James Power McMahon (1836–1864) took over the regiment and led it until his death at the Battle of Cold Harbor.  McMahon was mustered out of the volunteers on February 21, 1866. On January 13, 1866, President Andrew Johnson nominated McMahon for appointment to the grade of brevet brigadier general of volunteers, to rank from March 13, 1865, and the United States Senate confirmed the appointment on March 12, 1866. On March 16, 1866, President Johnson nominated McMahon for appointment to the grade of brevet major general of volunteers, also to rank from March 13, 1865, and the United States Senate confirmed the appointment on April 10, 1866.  He received a Doctor of Laws degree from St. John's College, Fordham. He was New York City's corporation counsel for two years before becoming the United States minister to Paraguay, a position he held from 1868 to 1869. After returning to the U.S., he served as the Receiver of Taxes in New York from 1873 to 1885 and then worked as a U.S. Marshal for four years. During this time he became connected with the National Soldiers' Home, of which he would serve as president for several years.

Political career and death.

He was a member of the New York State Assembly (New York Co., 7th D.) in 1891; and of the New York State Senate from 1892 to 1895, sitting in the 115th, 116th (both 8th D.), 117th and 118th New York State Legislatures (both 7th D.). He was elected a judge of the Court of General Sessions in 1896 and held that position until his death. He died suddenly in 1906 at his home in Manhattan, one day after falling ill with pneumonia.

War of the Triple Alliance.

While in his service as Minister Ambassador to Paraguay, he saw the outbreak of the Paraguayan War, also known as War of the Triple Alliance. He was a fierce champion of Francisco Solano López and wrote many articles very favourable to the Paraguayans.

Martin Thomas McMahon (March 21, 1838 – April 21, 1906) was an American jurist and a Union Army officer during the American Civil War. He was awarded the United States military's highest decoration, the Medal of Honor, for his actions at the Battle of White Oak Swamp. After the war, he held various legal and judicial positions in the state of New York. He briefly served as the Minister Resident to Paraguay and was a New York State Senator for four years.

Martin Thomas McMahon () est un juriste américain et un officier de l'armée de l'Union pendant la guerre de Sécession. Il reçoit la plus haute distinction militaire des États-Unis, la médaille d'honneur pour ses actions lors de la bataille de White Oak Swamp. Après la guerre, il occupe diverses postes juridiques et judiciaires de l'État de New York. Il sert brièvement comme ministre résident au Paraguay et est sénateur de l'État de New York pendant quatre ans.


Design and development.

In response to a requirement for a high performance night and bad weather interceptor, Lavochkin (OKB-310), Sukhoi (OKB-134) and Mikoyan-Gurevich (OKB-155) design bureau developed the La-200, Su-15, and I-320 (where the I stands for "Istrebitel", or "Fighter") respectively. A key component of the three competing aircraft, was the "Toriy" ("Thorium") centimetre waveband NII-17 radar at Tikhomirnov NIIP - (NIIP for "Nauchno-Issledovatel'skiy Institut Priborostroyeniya", or "Research Institute of Instrument Engineering"), which was capable of detecting a Boeing B-29 Superfortress bomber at a range of.  The La-200 was an all-metal, two seater, twin-engined jet aircraft, with a tricycle undercarriage and mid set wings with 40° sweep at 1/4 chord. The two Klimov RD-45F centrifugal flow turbojet engines were to be fitted in tandem inside the front and rear fuselage with the air intake at the extreme nose. The forward engine exhausted under the centre fuselage and the rear engine exhausted at the end of the rear fuselage. Access to the engines for maintenance and removal was gained by removing the forward fuselage forward of the nose undercarriage and the rear fuselage forward of the fin.  The main and nose undercarriages were housed entirely within the fuselage. The nose undercarriage rotated 90° to lie flat under the forward engine, and the twin wheeled main undercarriage legs, with long travel levered suspension, retracted into the centre fuselage above the forward jet pipe and astride the fuel tank and intake trunking for the rear engine.  The swept wings were of constant chord with 2/3 span flaps, 1/3 span ailerons, and wing fences at approximately 1/4 and 1/2 span. The tail unit comprised a sharply swept broad chord tapered fin with a sharply swept tapered tailplane at 2/3 fin length. The swept wings maximised the speed performance but imposed a higher wing loading than specified by the Soviet Air Force, thus the RD-45F engines were replaced with Klimov VK-1 engines, (up-rated RD-45F's).  The "Toriy" radar was initially fitted in an ogival radome in the centre of the air intake.

Operational history.

The La-200 incorporated many innovative systems, including powered flying controls, high capacity hydraulic and pneumatic systems, high voltage AC electrical power system and a comprehensive avionics suite. OKB-301 carried out extensive ground tests, allowing problems revealed in the tests to be addressed before the first flight.  For initial tests the aircraft was fitted with dual controls in the side by side cockpit. Flight trials were relatively successful, but revealed a tendency to drop the starboard wing at high speeds (known colloquially as "val'ozhka"). Other problems included vibrations of the rear fuselage with the rear engine throttled back and the front engine at maximum power, the twin mainwheels proved troublesome as well as unreliable radio and very poor performance from the radar.  To help cure the problems the starboard wing incidence was increased by 1° 30', and the twin mainwheels were replaced by single wheel units. Spill doors were fitted to the rear fuselage, arranged to open automatically when the rear engine was throttled back. The flaps and wings were stiffened, and separate aileron hydraulic actuators were installed in the wings rather than a single actuator behind the cockpit seats. Cooling air was provided for the radio which was located close to the front engine jetpipe. To address the failings of the radar, it was decided to replace it with the Korshun -(Kite) radar also developed by NII-17. The single antenna was moved to the top lip of a redesigned air intake.  By the spring of 1951 Aircraft 200 was the only one of the three competitors to survive and pass State acceptance trials. Production was provisionally ordered as the La-17, but the production directive was not endorsed so production was abandoned.  While other OKB's were designing the next generation of all-weather interceptors, OKB-301 was tasked with fitting the new Sokol (Falcon) radar into the La-200. The result was Aircraft 200B, with a new fuselage nose housing the radar behind a large radome with three air intakes surrounding the radome. By mid 1953 the radar was working adequately but Aircraft 200B's performance was no longer good enough and further work was abandoned.

The Lavochkin La-200 (a.k.a. Aircraft 200) was a two-seater, swept winged, night and bad weather jet interceptor fighter designed and manufactured by the Lavochkin Design Bureau from 1948.

Le Lavotchkine La-200 (en ) était un prototype d'intercepteur à réaction, conçu et fabriqué en Union soviétique par le bureau d'études (OKB) Lavotchkine au début de la Guerre froide.


Geography.

Waterman is located at (41.770971, -88.774697).  According to the 2010 census, Waterman has a total area of, of which (or 99.87%) is land and (or 0.13%) is water.

Demographics.

As of the census of 2000, there were 1,224 people, 456 households, and 338 families residing in the village. The population density was 1,221.5 people per square mile (472.6/km2). There were 471 housing units at an average density of 470.0 per square mile (181.9/km2). The racial makeup of the village was 98.53% White, 0.25% African American, 0.08% Native American, 0.99% Asian, 0.57% from other races, and 0.49% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 1.31% of the population.  There were 456 households out of which 40.4% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 62.3% were married couples living together, 9.0% had a female householder with no husband present, and 25.7% were non-families. 22.8% of all households were made up of individuals and 12.9% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.68 and the average family size was 3.18.  In the village, the population was spread out with 30.5% under the age of 18, 7.7% from 18 to 24, 29.4% from 25 to 44, 17.2% from 45 to 64, and 15.2% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 35 years. For every 100 females, there were 91.3 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 92.1 males.  The median income for a household in the village was $47,500, and the median income for a family was $52,778. Males had a median income of $41,726 versus $23,824 for females. The per capita income for the village was $18,836. About 5.6% of families and 6.2% of the population were below the poverty line, including 7.2% of those under age 18 and 5.6% of those age 65 or over.

Waterman is a village in DeKalb County, Illinois, United States. The population was 1,506 at the 2010 census, up from 1224 at the 2000 census.

Waterman est un village du comté de DeKalb dans l'Illinois, aux États-Unis. Il est incorporé le. Le village est baptisé en référence à "Daniel Waterman", un officiel d'une compagnie ferroviaire.