Plot.

Bernard Chetwin is a boarder at John Anderson's farm in England. He is unimpressed by Anderson's spoiled daughter Bella, but is attracted to their orphaned servant, Lydia Wilton. She tells him of her dreams for a happier life, and they fall in love. Wilton also meets Eustace Pelham, who introduces her to his philosophy of "life's shop window": that many people make life decisions on purely superficial grounds. Chetwin marries Wilton in a secret ceremony.  Intending to establish a farm to support his new family, Chetwin leaves the English countryside for Arizona. Concerned about the dangers of frontier territory, he travels without his newlywed wife, intending to send for her later. When she gives birth to Chetwin's child, Anderson's wife refuses to accept evidence of her marriage, and throws her out of the farm for having a child out of wedlock. She takes the infant with her to Arizona and reunites with Chetwin at his ranch.  The demands of managing the ranch consume all of Chetwin's time, leaving Wilton to feel neglected and unloved. One day, a traveler is injured near the ranch, whom she recognizes as Pelham. Pelham courts her, taking advantage of her loneliness. Although she admits she does not love him, he convinces her to abandon her family and run away with him. As she is preparing to depart, she is confronted by Starlight, an Indian woman who works as a servant on the ranch, who reminds Wilton of the needs of her child. She spurns Pelham and returns to her family. Eventually, Chetwin forgives her and devotes more of his time to her. Pelham may have been killed by Starlight, although his ultimate fate is left unclear.

Production.

Annie Sophie Cory, writing as Victoria Cross, was a popular but controversial British New Woman novelist. Adultery and female sexuality are common themes in her works, which often reversed the expected gender roles of the time, permitting female desire to motivate the plot. Elizabeth Bisland described Lydia, the main character of Cory's 1907 novel "Life's Shop Window", as "a very modernist heroine", comparing her to a more socially successful Hester Prynne. Like many of Cross's novels, it attracted controversy, and was banned for a time by the Circulating Libraries Association in the United Kingdom. "Life's Shop Window" had already become the basis of a successful play, based on an expurgated version of the novel's plot.  In 1914, William Fox was operating the successful film distributor Box Office Attraction Film Rental Company. Box Office purchased films from studios such as Balboa Amusement Producing Company, showing them in Fox's New York area theaters and renting prints to exhibitors elsewhere in the country. "Life's Shop Window" may have originally been considered for production in this manner. However, Fox decided he was unwilling to depend on others for the products his business required, and instead prepared to produce his own films under the Box Office Attractions Company name. He purchased the Éclair film studio in Fort Lee, New Jersey and property in Staten Island, arranged for actors and crew, and began production with an adaptation of an established work, as was common at the time.  Rights to the film adaptation were purchased for $100. Like the theatrical adaptation, Mary Asquith's screenplay removed much of the book's controversial sexual elements, censorship intended to make Fox's nascent studio appear more respectable to the industry. Fox selected J. Gordon Edwards to direct, in what may have been his directorial debut; credit for the earlier "St. Elmo" is disputed, with sources disagreeing whether Edwards or Bertram Bracken directed.  Filming for "Life's Shop Window" took place at a farm on the Staten Island property, and possibly in the Fort Lee studio. The budget for this five-reel feature film was small, with the cost of production reported as $4,500 or $6,000; Fox would exaggerate the cost of production to over thirty times its true value in later advertising. At the time, films of comparable length generally required between $20,000 and $30,000 to produce. Film historian Terry Ramsaye reported that Fox was not pleased with the completed film and initially declared: "Let's burn the damn thing", before being convinced to allow its release. "Life's Shop Window" premiered at the Academy of Music in New York on October 20, 1914, although it did not receive its official release until November 19.

Reception and legacy.

Contemporary reviews were mixed. "Moving Picture World" film critic W. Stephen Bush called the film "first-class" despite problems with the plot, cinematography, and the "unbelievably poor" music accompaniment at the Academy of Music. He also remarked on the censorship of the novel's plot, stating that "not even the sternest of moralists can find anything objectionable" in the film. Fox's response was published the following week, in which he praised Bush's review and committed to avoiding "the salacious or the sex drama". Peter Milne of "Motion Picture News" also praised the decision to make a "clean" adaptation of the novel, as well as the film's realism. However, "Variety" gave the film a negative review that criticized its editing, its direction, and Whitney's acting ability, suggesting that the film would profit solely on the name of the book it adapted.  Despite some critical reviews, the film was popular, especially with women, and financially successful. Double-file lines over a block long were reported for opening-week showings at the Audubon Theatre in New York. After the incorporation of the Fox Film Corporation, distribution of this film continued under the new company's name. The success of the initial New York showings featured in subsequent advertising, as did Fox's greatly inflated claims of the cost of production.  The 1937 Fox vault fire destroyed most of Fox's silent films, probably including "Life's Shop Window". The Library of Congress is not aware of any extant copies.

Life's Shop Window is a 1914 American silent drama film directed by J. Gordon Edwards and starring Claire Whitney and Stuart Holmes. It is a film adaptation of the 1907 novel of the same name by Annie Sophie Cory. The film depicts the story of English orphan Lydia Wilton (Whitney), and her husband Bernard Chetwin (Holmes). Although Wilton's marriage is legitimate, it was conducted in secret, and she is accused of having a child out of wedlock. Forced to leave England, she reunites with her husband in Arizona. There, she is tempted by infidelity with an old acquaintance, Eustace Pelham, before seeing the error of her ways and returning to her family.

"Life's Shop Window" a été le premier film produit, plutôt que simplement distribué, par la Box Office Attractions Company de William Fox. Plusieurs critiques ont approuvé le traitement expurgé par le film de l'intrigue du roman, même si les opinions sur la qualité du film étaient mitigées. Il a été très populaire lors de sa sortie initiale à New York et ce succès a été utilisé pour faire la publicité du film. Comme bon nombre des premières œuvres de la Fox, il a probablement été perdu lors de l' incendie de la réserve de la Fox, en 1937.


Military career.

Green graduated from the U.S. Military Academy at West Point in 1986, where he earned a Bachelor of Science degree majoring in quantitative business management. From 1987 through 1990, Green served as an infantry officer in the United States Army. His first duty assignment following graduation from the US Army Ranger School was with the 194th Armored Brigade (United States) at Fort Knox. There he served as a rifle platoon leader, scout platoon leader and battalion adjutant for an infantry battalion. Following the Infantry Officer's Advance Course, then Captain Green served with the 82nd Airborne Division as an airborne battalion supply officer and a rifle company commander.  Following a traumatic event where his father's life was saved by a team of surgeons and critical care doctors, Green requested the US Army send him to medical school. He attended Boonshoft School of Medicine at Wright State University in Dayton, Ohio, graduating with an MD degree in 1999. He did his residency in emergency medicine at Fort Hood, Texas. After his residency Dr. Green was selected to serve as the flight surgeon for the 160th Special Operations Aviation Regiment.  As a special operations flight surgeon, Green served a tour of duty in the Afghanistan War and two tours of duty in the Iraq War. He was the special operations flight surgeon during Operation Red Dawn, the military operation that captured Saddam Hussein. Green interrogated Hussein for six hours. Following his military service, he authored a book, titled "A Night With Saddam", detailing the capture of Hussein, his interview with the dictator and his service with the Army's elite aviation unit. Green was honorably discharged from the Army in 2006.  For his service, Green was awarded the Bronze Star, the Meritorious Service Medal with two oak leaf clusters, the Army Commendation Medal with two oak leaf clusters, the Achievement Medal with three oak leaf clusters, the Air Medal with the V Device for valor under heavy enemy fire while rescuing British Special Operations forces wounded near Fallujah, and the Combat Medical Badge among numerous other awards. He also earned the Air Assault Badge and the Flight Surgeon Badge during his military service.

Civilian career.

Green founded and served as chief executive officer of Align MD, a hospital emergency department management staffing company. Align MD provides staffing to emergency departments and hospitalist services in 50 hospitals across 10 states. Green also founded Two Rivers Medical Foundation, which provides healthcare to underserved populations throughout the world via medical mission trips, and operates a free medical clinic in his hometown, and in Memphis, Tennessee.  Green served on the boards of several for profit companies including, American Physician Partners, Align MD, and Rural Physician Partners. Green is also a board member of the Middle Tennessee Boy Scouts of America. He has served on the advisory board of the political organization Latinos for Tennessee since 2015.  In 2015, Green was awarded an honorary Doctorate of Humanities by Williamson College in Franklin, Tennessee.

Political career.

Tennessee State Senate.

He was first elected to the Tennessee Senate in 2012, defeating Democratic incumbent Tim Barnes. He was rumored to be considering a challenge to Lamar Alexander in the 2014 U.S. Senate election, but declined to do so.  Green is most noteworthy for his legislation ending the Hall Income Tax in Tennessee, only the second time in US history a state has repealed an income tax. He also co-sponsored a bill which eliminated the statute of limitations on rape cases where the DNA profile of the suspect is known. Sen. Green has received awards recognizing his many laws protecting veterans and small businesses. He has led the charge in Tennessee for automated technology in the auto manufacturing world speaking at national conferences on the topic.  In 2015 Green proposed a pilot program to test an innovative solution to healthcare. The idea provides a reduced amount of healthcare dollars on a swipe card for Medicaid patients giving them choice and control. The incentive is that any dollars not spent go to the patient as an addition to their earned income check. SJR 88 passed and was signed by the governor. Currently, the request for a waiver to test the program is at CMS for approval.  Green was opposed for re-election in the 2016 Republican primary but he won 84% to 16% over Lori Smith of Clarksville, Tennessee. In the general election, Senator Green won re-election defeating Democrat David Cutting 67% to 33%.

Nomination as U.S. Army Secretary.

In April 2017, Green was nominated by President Donald Trump to be United States Secretary of the Army. Green was Trump's second nominee for this position after initial nominee Vincent Viola withdrew from consideration.  Green drew some opposition based on public comments directed at transgender people. A statement that Green made which brought wide attention to him in the media was made before a Tea Party group in September 2016 at a gathering in Chattanooga, Tennessee. At that event Green said, "If you polled the psychiatrists, they're going to tell you that transgender is a disease." As well as his support for a state law which defined access to public restrooms for transgender individuals matching their legal sex, rather than gender identity.  In an internet radio talk show with CJ Porter, Green also stated that his duty as a state senator is to "crush evil." Green said this in the context of his support for a bill to prohibit transgender individuals from entering the restrooms for the gender they identified with.  Green also stated that if school districts "want to have a bathroom that's separate for all of the, you know, guys or gals with question marks" but were concerned the "AFL-CIO is going to sue you, well I got your back." It is assumed Green meant the American Civil Liberties Union (ACLU) not the American Federation of Labor and Congress of Industrial Organizations (AFL–CIO). Green has also said that he would "not tolerate" students learning about Muslim beliefs and practices. Green added later that he doesn't "think we should teach the Lord’s Prayer" in schools either. In a call for separation of church and state, he said: "Leave that to the churches, the synagogues, and the mosques."  Green withdrew his nomination on May 5, 2017.

2018 Tennessee gubernatorial election.

On January 4, 2017, Green officially filed paperwork to run for Governor as a Republican candidate for the 2018 Tennessee gubernatorial election. However, in late 2017 when 7th District congresswoman Marsha Blackburn announced she was running for the United States Senate, Green announced he was running for the open congressional seat. His state senate district includes almost all of the northeastern portion of the congressional district.

U.S. House of Representatives.

Elections.

2018 general election.

Green became the Republican nominee for the 2018 U.S. House of Representatives election in Tennessee's 7th congressional district after running unopposed for the Republican nomination. His state senate district included much of the northern portion of the congressional district. Green won the general election in November and took office in January 2019.

Tenure.

In December 2019, Green voted against the articles of impeachment regarding the Impeachment of Donald Trump.  After incumbent U.S. Senator Lamar Alexander announced he would not seek reelection in 2020, Green was considered a likely candidate for the seat. However, Green announced on July 11, 2019, that he would not be a candidate.

Political positions.

Abortion.

Green opposes abortion. In a 2019 op-ed, Green claimed that "modern science has revealed that mother and baby are, in fact, two separate persons -- long before the baby is born" and argued that "a child becomes a child at conception."

Climate Change.

Green rejects the scientific consensus that human activity plays a key role in climate change.

Vaccines.

In 2018, as a congressman-elect, Green stated at a constituent meeting that "there is some concern that the rise in autism is the result of the preservatives that are in our vaccines," a claim that has been repeatedly debunked by scientific studies and reiterated by the American Academy of Pediatrics. Green asserted that the Centers for Disease Control had "maybe fraudulently managed" data regarding vaccines and autism and pledged "to stand on the CDC's desk and get the real data on vaccines." Green clarified the comment and said he vaccinated his own children and "would encourage families to get vaccinated at this time."

Creationism.

Green self-identifies as a young earth creationist, rejecting the scientific consensus on evolution. In a 2015 lecture, he advanced the "irreducible complexity" argument.

Personal life.

Green and his wife, Camie, live near Ashland City, in Montgomery County. He has two children.

Mark Edward Green (born November 8, 1964) is an American politician, physician, and retired U.S. Army Major who currently represents in the United States House of Representatives. A Republican, Green previously served in the Tennessee State Senate.

Mark E. Green, né le à Jacksonville (Floride), est un homme politique américain. Membre du Parti républicain, il est élu à la Chambre des représentants des États-Unis en 2018.


Early years.

Smith was born in Anchorage, Alaska. He played at Taft High School in the San Fernando Valley, where he set the state records for most receptions (271) and yardage (4486) in a varsity career, and led the Toreadors to two consecutive Los Angeles City Section Championship games (although they lost both games). His career yardage record was surpassed by Canyon High School Wide Receiver, Drew Wolitarsky on October 5, 2012. He played in the 2003 U.S. Army All-American Bowl with several of his USC Trojan teammates including Reggie Bush, LenDale White, and Sam Baker. He also played high school basketball and was a teammate with former Los Angeles Lakers point guard Jordan Farmar.

College career.

Smith attended the University of Southern California, where he was one of the top two wide receivers by yardage for the USC Trojans football team. He was on the Maxwell Award 2006 watch list for the best player in college football and was named to the 2006 All Pac-10 team First Team and to the 2006 All Pac-10 Second Team by rivals.com. Smith was named honorable mention on the SI.com All-American team and First-team All-American by CBS Sportsline. Smith was voted team MVP in 2006 by teammates of his 4th ranked Trojans team. Smith caught three touchdown passes from Heisman Trophy winner Matt Leinart in USC's 55-19 national championship/Orange Bowl victory over Oklahoma.

Professional career.

New York Giants.

Smith was drafted in the second round (51st overall) by the New York Giants in the 2007 NFL Draft. He wore number 12. Smith only played in 5 games in the 2007 regular season (Weeks 1, 2, 15, 16, 17), recording 8 catches for 63 yards and no touchdowns. However, after returning from a shoulder and hamstring injury, Smith turned in an outstanding postseason as he became a reliable third down receiver for quarterback Eli Manning. He made two big catches at the end of the first half in Dallas, which set up a game-tying touchdown and caught five passes in Super Bowl XLII, including four on third down. One of which was a 12-yard reception on a third and 11 with 45 seconds remaining in the fourth quarter. Smith and the Giants prevailed over the New England Patriots 17-14. In the 2008 regular season, Smith became one of Manning's favorite targets, and not just on 3rd down as Smith led the Giants in receptions over Amani Toomer and Plaxico Burress, who both started over Smith. Smith helped the Giants win the NFC East division.  In the 2009 season, with the Giants' loss of Burress and Toomer, Smith and Domenik Hixon were named the starting wideouts. Smith opened the season explosively, and by the end of week 4, Smith led the NFL in receptions (34), receiving yards (411), and touchdown receptions (4).  In Week 15, in a game against the Redskins, Smith broke the Giants franchise record for most receptions in a single season, also becoming the first Giants receiver in history to make 90 catches in one season.  Smith was selected as an alternate in the 2010 Pro Bowl. He later replaced Arizona Cardinals wide receiver Larry Fitzgerald on the 2010 Pro Bowl roster after Fitzgerald withdrew with an injury.

Philadelphia Eagles.

On August 10, 2011, Smith agreed to a one-year, $2 million deal with the Philadelphia Eagles. He was placed on the active/physically unable to perform list on August 13. He was activated from the list on August 27.  He had eleven catches for 124 yards and a touchdown before he was placed on injured reserve on December 12 due to a bone bruise in his knee. He played in nine games for the Eagles, with one start against the Arizona Cardinals on November 13, in which he made five catches for 47 yards.

St. Louis Rams.

The St. Louis Rams signed Smith on March 26, 2012.

Tampa Bay Buccaneers.

On April 2, 2013, Smith signed with the Tampa Bay Buccaneers. Smith announced his retirement on May 29, 2013. Five years later, in his first year of eligibility, Smith was mistakenly announced as a modern-era nominee to the Pro Football Hall of Fame.

Personal life.

Smith's brother, Malcolm Smith, currently a free agent linebacker, was the MVP of Super Bowl XLVIII with the Seattle Seahawks. According to his biography page from the New York Giants, Steve was a Public Policy/Management and Planning major at USC. He was born in Anchorage, Alaska, raised in Woodland Hills, California and Canoga Park, California, but currently resides in Woodland Hills, CA.  Smith was robbed at gunpoint on November 25, 2008 after arriving home, according to Clifton, New Jersey police. Smith had just returned to his house when he was approached from behind by a man who put a gun to Smith's head, Clifton police Captain Robert Rowan said. "He said to him, 'Give me everything you got,' and Mr. Smith turned over his jewelry, money and cell phone," Rowan said. Smith suffered no injury.

Steven Smith (born May 6, 1985) is an American former professional football player who was a wide receiver in the National Football League (NFL). He played college football for the University of Southern California (USC), and earned All-American honors. He was drafted by the New York Giants in the second round of the 2007 NFL Draft, and has also played for the Philadelphia Eagles, St. Louis Rams, and Tampa Bay Buccaneers. He is often mistaken for Steve Smith Sr., the Carolina Panthers and Baltimore Ravens wide receiver of the same name.

Steven Smith, né le à Anchorage, Alaska, est un joueur américain de football américain. Il joue wide receiver en National Football League (NFL).


Etymology.

"Shir Kuh" or "Shirkuh" is formed of two words: "sher" in Middle Persian or "shir" in Modern Persian means "lion", and "kof" in Middle Persian or "kuh" in Modern Persian means "mountain". So, in Persian "Shir Kuh" could mean (the) "Lion Mountain".

Geology.

Geologically, Shir Kuh is made chiefly of Jurassic granite surrounded by Cretaceous rocks. It is located almost in the vicinity of the Sahand-Bazman volcanic arc, a volcanic arc that was formed during the Tertiary and mainly in the Eocene volcanism. Shir Kuh consists mainly of intrusive rocks (Jurassic granite) that were made in the Late Cimmerian orogeny in the Late Jurassic. This mountain is located in the Sanandaj-Sirjan geological and structural zone. Sanadaj-Sirjan was subjected to magmatism and metamorphism in the Paleozoic and Mesozoic. This section along with other Iranian microplates were separated from Gondwana in the Carboniferous (when magmatism was caused by rifting and the process of detachment) and moved northwards. From the Early Jurassic to the Middle Miocene Sandaj-Sirjan was adjacent to a subduction zone and there was magmatism because of the subduction zone which was situated in the south and south-west of this structural zone. Consequently, in the Late Jurassic, Sanandaj-Sirjan region was subjected to the magmatism of the Late Cimmerian orogeny in the form of both volcanism and plutonism. Shir Kuh was formed as a result of the plutonism of this orogenic phase.

Climate.

Having a high elevation, Shir Kuh and its neighbourhood have a cold mountain climate although the region is placed in a location that is surrounded by a hot semi-desert climate.

Shir Kuh or Shirkuh () is a high peak (4055 m) in the central part of Iran about 40 km south-west of the city of Yazd in Yazd Province. The first woman to climb the mountain was Banoo Khosrawy.

Le Shir Kuh ou Shirkuh (شيركوه en persan, signifiant « la montagne du lion ») est un sommet culminant à dans la partie centrale de l'Iran, à environ 40 km au sud-ouest de la ville de Yazd, dans la province du même nom. La première femme à gravir la montagne fut Banoo Khosrawy.


Name.

Two etymologies have been suggested for White Deer Hole Creek's unusual name. According to Donehoo, it is a translation of the Lenape (or Delaware) "Woap-achtu-woalhen" (meaning "white-deer digs a hole"). It is "Opauchtooalin" on the earliest map showing the creek (1755), while a 1759 map has both "Opaghtanoten" and its translation, "White Flint Creek". By 1770 (when the first settlers arrived) a map has "White Deer hole".  In 1870, 88-year-old John Farley gave a second explanation of the name. His family had settled on the banks of White Deer Hole Creek in 1787, and John's father John built a mill on the creek by 1789. The creek was named because "a white deer is said to have been killed at an early day in a low hole or pond of water that once existed where my father built his mill". The hole was "a large circular basin of low ground of some ten acres [(four ha)] in extent...after my father's mill and dam were built the water of the dam overflowed and covered the most of the hollow basin of ground." The mill was just west of the mouth at the unincorporated village of Allenwood (then called Uniontown), now in Gregg Township in Union County.  The name "White Deer Hole Creek" is unique in the USGS Geographic Names Information System and on its maps of the United States. Although the whole creek is now referred to by this name, in 1870 the name applied only to the section from the confluence with Spring Creek east to its mouth, while the main branch west of Spring Creek was called "South Creek". Meginness used this name in 1892 and it appeared on a 1915 state map of Union County (but not the 1916 Lycoming County map). In 2009 the name "South Creek" has disappeared, but there is still a "South Creek Road" on the right bank of the creek in Gregg Township from near the mouth of Spring Creek west to the county line.  According to Meginness, the long and wide White Deer Hole Creek valley was just called "White Deer valley" by many in 1892, and this is still common. Confusion about the names arises since White Deer Creek is the next creek south of White Deer Hole Creek (they are on opposite sides of South White Deer Ridge). The Lenape name for White Deer Creek was "Woap'-achtu-hanne" (translated as "white-deer stream").  Spring Creek is the only named tributary of White Deer Hole Creek. Five unnamed tributaries flow through named features of South White Deer Ridge. Going upstream in order they are: Beartrap Hollow, First Gap, Second Gap, Third Gap, and Fourth Gap.

Course.

Lycoming County is about northwest of Philadelphia and east-northeast of Pittsburgh. The source of White Deer Hole Creek is in Crawford Township, just over the Clinton County line. Both it and the western half of the creek are within Tiadaghton State Forest. The creek flows east and soon crosses a natural gas pipeline and the Lycoming County line into Limestone Township.  It soon flows into Washington Township, which has more of White Deer Hole Creek than any other township. It receives unnamed tributaries in the Fourth, Third, Second, and First Gaps of South White Deer Ridge on the south or right bank. The creek leaves Tiadaghton State Forest after the Third Gap (the forest itself continues along the ridge to the river), and stops being "Class A Wild Trout Waters" between the Second and First Gaps. It receives the unnamed tributary in Beartrap Hollow upstream of its mouth, then passes south of the unincorporated village of Elimsport.  White Deer Hole Creek then flows east into Gregg Township in Union County, receiving its major tributary, Spring Creek, on the left bank upstream of its mouth. Spring Creek rises north of Elimsport in Washington Township and flows east-southeast, passing through Pennsylvania State Game Lands No. 252 and just south of the Federal Correctional Institute, Allenwood.  The creek next flows just south of the hamlet of Spring Garden, then south of the village of Allenwood, where it has its confluence with the West Branch Susquehanna River. The direct distance between the source and mouth is only. U.S. Route 15 and the Union County Industrial Railroad run north-south here along the river and cross the creek just before its mouth; however, this track is not in service as of 2009. Pennsylvania Route 44 runs east-west roughly parallel to the creek between Elimsport and Allenwood. Township roads run along the eastern two-thirds of the creek, and smaller, more primitive roads follow it to its source. From the mouth of White Deer Hole Creek it is along the West Branch Susquehanna River to its confluence with the Susquehanna River at Northumberland. The elevation at the source is, while the mouth is at an elevation of. The difference in elevation,, divided by the length of the creek of gives the average drop in elevation per unit length of creek or relief ratio of 84.6 feet/mile (16.0 m/km). The meander ratio is 1.14, so the creek's path is not entirely straight in its bed. The meandering increases near the mouth.  For its entire length, White Deer Hole Creek runs along the north side of South White Deer Ridge, an east-west ridge of the Appalachian Mountains. North White Deer Ridge and Bald Eagle Mountain form the northern edge of the creek valley. There are 24 unnamed tributaries on the south side of the creek, all flowing down the side of South White Deer Ridge, while there are only 11 tributaries on the north side, including Spring Creek.  White Deer Creek, the next major creek to the south, flows along the other side of South White Deer Ridge in Union County and is just away (as measured along the West Branch Susquehanna River). The next major creek to the north is Muncy Creek, away along the river, but on the opposite bank. The next creek to the north on the same bank (except for the small Black Run) is Black Hole Creek, on the south side of Bald Eagle Mountain. It has a watershed area of and enters the river away at the borough of Montgomery.  White Deer Hole Creek joins the West Branch Susquehanna River upstream of its mouth.

Geology.

White Deer Hole Creek is in a sandstone, limestone, and shale mountain region, entirely in the Ridge-and-valley Appalachians. South and North White Deer Ridge and Bald Eagle Mountain are composed of sedimentary Ordovician rock, while the valley rock is Silurian, with a small Devonian region closer to the river, in the north. The watershed has no deposits of coal, nor natural gas or oil fields. The creek is in a narrow mountain valley with steep slopes in its upper reaches. In its middle and lower reaches it has steep mountain slopes to the south, and a wide valley with rolling hills and gentle slopes to the north. The channel pattern is transitional, with a trellised drainage pattern.  From 1961 to 1995, the United States Geological Survey (USGS) operated one stream gauge on White Deer Hole Creek at the Gap Road bridge (upstream of Elimsport), for the uppermost of the watershed. The highest yearly peak discharge measured at this site was per second and the highest yearly peak gauge height was, both on June 22, 1972, during Hurricane Agnes. The lowest yearly peak discharge in this time period was per second and the lowest yearly peak gauge height was, both on November 26, 1986. The USGS also measured discharge at Allenwood, very near the creek's mouth, as part of water quality measurements on seven occasions between 1970 and 1975. The average discharge was per second, and ranged from a high of per second to a low of per second. There are no other known stream gauges on the creek.

Watershed.

The White Deer Hole Creek watershed consists of 0.08 percent of the area of Clinton County, 4.40 percent of the area of Lycoming County, and 3.67 percent of the area of Union County. Neighboring watersheds are the West Branch Susquehanna River and its minor tributaries (north and east), White Deer Creek (south), and Fishing Creek (west).  In 2000, the White Deer Hole Creek watershed population was 2,672. In the 1970s, Amish began moving to the Elimsport area from Lancaster County. In 1995 there were over 200 Amish in more than twenty families. In comparison, Washington Township's population was 1,613 in 2000. Elimsport has Amish harness, machine repair, and food shops, and a new one-room school was built nearby in 1997.  The watershed area is, with of forest and for agriculture. By area, 1.1 percent of the watershed lies in Clinton County (in Crawford and Greene Townships), 81.6 percent lies in Lycoming County (in Brady, Clinton, Limestone, and Washington Townships), and 17.3 percent lies in Union County (in Gregg, Lewis, West Buffalo, and White Deer Townships).  Spring Creek is the major tributary, draining an area of or 31 percent of the total White Deer Hole Creek watershed. No other tributaries are named and only the area of the tributary in Beartrap Hollow is known, with or 0.63 percent of the total.

Water quality and pollution.

Clearcutting of forests in the early 20th century and the ordnance plant in the Second World War adversely affected the White Deer Hole Creek watershed's ecology and water quality. Agricultural runoff was and is another potential source of pollution. Gregg Township had no wastewater treatment plant until an 800,000-gallon/day (304 m/day) plant was built along the river just north of the creek for the federal prison (90 percent) and village of Allenwood (10 percent). The drainage basin has been designated by Pennsylvania Department of Environmental Protection as "a high quality watershed" since 2001.  The mean annual precipitation for White Deer Hole Creek is 40 to 42 inches (1,016 to 1,067 mm). Pennsylvania receives the most acid rain of any state in the United States. Because the creek is in a sandstone, limestone, and shale mountain region, it has a relatively low capacity to neutralize added acid. This makes it especially vulnerable to acid rain, which poses a threat to the long term health of the plants and animals in the creek. The total alkalinity of the "Class A Wild Trout Waters" is 2 for the of White Deer Hole Creek so classified, and 13 for the unnamed tributary in the Fourth Gap.

Recreation.

Edward Gertler writes in "Keystone Canoeing" that White Deer Hole Creek "offers a good springtime beginner cruise through a pretty, agricultural valley" with "many satisfying views" and "good current and many easy riffles". Canoeing and kayaking are possible in spring and after hard rain, with of Class 1 whitewater on the International Scale of River Difficulty from Back Road bridge east to U.S. Route 15 (the mouth). One can start further upstream at the Gap Road bridge, for of Class 2 whitewater, but strainers are more of a problem here.  White Deer Hole Creek is designated by the Pennsylvania Fish and Boat Commission as a "Class A Wild Trout Waters" stream, from the source downstream to the Township Road 384 (Gap Road) bridge. The unnamed tributary in Fourth Gap is also "Class A Wild Trout Waters". The creek downstream from the bridge, as well as Spring Creek, have been designated as approved trout waters by the Pennsylvania Fish and Boat Commission and are stocked with trout and may be fished during trout season. Other fish found in the creek and river include carp, catfish, pickerel, and pike.  Hunting, trapping, and fishing are possible with proper licenses in Tiadaghton State Forest and the in State Game Lands No. 252. In 2002, a Pennsylvania Department of Conservation and Natural Resources report on "State Forest Waters with Special Protection" rated White Deer Hole Creek from its source to Spring Creek as a "High Quality-Cold Water Fishery". In addition to these public lands, there are private hunting and fishing clubs and cabins along White Deer Hole Creek and its tributaries. Popular game species include American black bear, white-tailed deer, ruffed grouse, and wild turkey.  Part of the Pennsylvania Mid State Trail, marked with orange blazes to indicate it is solely for hiking, runs along a section of White Deer Hole Creek from west of the Fourth Gap to beyond the source. There are other hiking trails in the watershed, and the Third Gap, Metzger, Mud Hole, Pennsylvania Mid State, Sawalt, and Mountain Gap trails are part of the Central Mountains Shared Use Trails System, marked with red blazes, in Tiadaghton and Bald Eagle State Forests in Union, Lycoming, and Clinton Counties.  Roads and trails in the state forest are also open for horseback riding and mountain biking. Some trails are dedicated to cross-country skiing and snowmobiling in winter. The state forest is open for primitive camping, although certain areas require a permit. Small campfires are allowed, except from March to mid-May and October through November, or by order of the district forester, when self-contained stoves are allowed.

History.

Native American paths.

The first recorded inhabitants of the Susquehanna River valley were the Susquehannocks, an Iroquoian speaking people. Their name meant "people of the muddy river" in the Algonquian, but their name for themselves is unknown. Decimated by diseases and warfare, they had largely died out, moved away, or been assimilated into other tribes by the early 18th century. The lands of the West Branch Susquehanna River valley were then chiefly occupied by the Munsee phratry of the Lenape (or "Delaware"), and were under the nominal control of the Five (later Six) Nations of the Iroquois. Two important paths of these native indigenous peoples ran along parts of White Deer Hole Creek.  The Great Island Path was a major trail that ran north along the Susquehanna River from the Saponi village of Shamokin at modern Sunbury, fording the river there and following the west bank of the West Branch Susquehanna River north until White Deer Hole valley. The path turned west at Allenwood and followed White Deer Hole Creek until about the present location of Elimsport. There it headed northwest, crossed North White Deer Ridge and passed west through the Nippenose valley, then turned north and crossed Bald Eagle Mountain via McElhattan Creek and ran along the south bank of the river to the Great Island (near the present day city of Lock Haven). The stretch from the mouth of the creek to the Nippenose valley is approximately followed by Route 44. From the Great Island, the Great Shamokin Path continued further west to the modern boroughs of Clearfield and Kittanning, the last on the Allegheny River. Culbertson's Path followed White Deer Hole Creek west from Allenwood, then followed Spring Creek north, crossed Bald Eagle Mountain and followed Mosquito Run to the river at the current borough of Duboistown. Here it crossed the river to "French Margaret's Town" (western modern day Williamsport) before joining the major Sheshequin Path, which led north up Lycoming Creek to the North Branch of the Susquehanna River, modern New York, and the Iroquois there. These trails were only wide enough for one person, but settlers in White Deer Hole valley broadened the path to DuBoistown to take grain to Culbertson's mill on Mosquito Run, hence the name. Culbertson's Path was used as a part of the Underground Railroad until the American Civil War began in 1861. Escaped slaves would often wade in creeks to hide their scent from pursuing bloodhounds. In 2009, there is still a "Culbertson's Trail", for hiking over Bald Eagle Mountain from Pennsylvania Route 554 to Duboistown.

Lycoming County boundaries.

When Lycoming County was organized on April 13, 1795, the bill passed by the Pennsylvania legislature defined the new county's boundaries thus:  The borders of the county have changed considerably since, but the White Deer Hole Creek watershed still approximates the county line in the south. Until 1861, what is now Gregg Township in Union County was a part of Brady Township in Lycoming County. Thus, until the start of the American Civil War, almost all of White Deer Hole Creek and its watershed were part of Lycoming County.

Early inhabitants.

Prior to construction, the site of the wastewater treatment plant yielded archeological evidence of habitation by indigenous peoples from the Paleo-Indian, Archaic, and Woodland periods. The only Native American inhabitant of the valley whose name is known, "Cochnehaw", lived near the mouth of White Deer Hole Creek. White Deer Hole Creek was acquired by the colonial government of Pennsylvania on November 5, 1768, as part of the "New Purchase" in the Treaty of Fort Stanwix. The first settlers came to the valley in 1769 or 1770, and by 1778 there were 146 landowners on the township tax rolls (though many likely resided elsewhere.)  In the American Revolutionary War, settlements throughout the Susquehanna valley were attacked by Loyalists and Native Americans allied with the British. After the Wyoming Valley battle and massacre in the summer of 1778 (near what is now Wilkes-Barre) and smaller local attacks, the "Big Runaway" occurred throughout the West Branch Susquehanna valley. Settlers fled from feared and actual attacks by the British and their allies. Settlers abandoned their homes and fields, drove their livestock south, and towed their possessions on rafts on the river to Sunbury. Their abandoned property was burnt by the attackers. Some settlers soon returned, only to flee again in the summer of 1779 in the "Little Runaway".  Sullivan's Expedition helped stabilize the area and encouraged resettlement, which continued after the war. However, in 1787 there were only fourteen families in the valley: five on the river banks, five on White Deer Hole Creek between Spring Creek and the river, two on Spring Creek, and two on the creek west of Spring Creek. Six families left the area not long after 1787. The first grist mill was built on the creek in 1789, and four more were built in 1798, 1815, 1817, and 1842.

Lumber and logging railroad.

Beginning with the first settlers, much of the land along White Deer Hole Creek was slowly cleared of timber. Small sawmills were constructed in the 19th century, and a much larger lumber operation was run by the Vincent Lumber Company from 1901 to 1904. The company built a narrow gauge railroad from Elimsport west into timber, and a line east to Allenwood and the Reading Railroad there. The lumber railroad, which ended near the Fourth Gap, ran parallel to the creek. It was incorporated on June 24, 1901, (around the time of construction) as the "Allenwood and Western Railroad". The lumbering operation ceased in 1904 when the forests were gone. The railroad was torn up, and its one second-hand Shay locomotive was moved to the Vincent Lumber Company operation at Denholm in Juniata County.  From 1900 to 1935, much of what is now Tiadaghton State Forest was purchased by Pennsylvania from lumber companies that had no further use for the clear-cut land. In the 1930s there were seven Civilian Conservation Corps (CCC) camps to construct roads and trails in the forest. CCC Camp S-125-Pa (Elimsport) was located west of Allenwood along the creek, between the Third and Fourth Gaps.  Small-scale lumbering continues in the watershed, but the forest is certified as well-managed "in an environmentally sensitive manner" and lumber from it qualifies for a "green label". Gertler reports lumber operations along White Deer Hole Creek near Elimsport in the early 1980s. A sawmill owned and operated by Amish is on Route 44 in Elimsport. It burned down on May 10, 2006, causing $500,000 in damages, but was expected to be back in operation in a month; it has since reopened. Despite this small-scale lumbering, as of 2009 the forests have grown back and are mixed oak, with blueberry and mountain laurel bushes. White Deer Hole Creek and its tributaries also have stands of hemlock and thickets of rhododendron along them.

Ordnance plant to federal prison and game lands.

During the Second World War, the federal government built the $50 million Susquehanna Ordnance Depot to make TNT on, partially in the White Deer Hole Creek watershed. In the spring of 1942, residents were evicted by eminent domain from 163 farms and 47 other properties in Gregg Township in Union County and Brady, Clinton, and Washington Townships in Lycoming County. The village of Alvira in Gregg Township disappeared. Alvira was founded in 1825 as "Wisetown" and had 100 inhabitants by 1900. Although the inhabitants were told they could return after the war, almost all the buildings seized were razed. Only some cemeteries and the nearby "Stone Church" remain. Construction of the plant involved some 10,000 people, and it took 3,500 to 4,500 employees to run the plant with its more than 200 buildings and 149 storage bunkers for TNT and high explosives, as well as storage racks of bombs. However, the need for TNT was lower than originally estimated and the project was nearly abandoned. By 1945, the only workers left at the depot were guards. The depot closed after the war and the land was used by the United States Army for testing. In 1950, the Federal Bureau of Prisons was given of the plant site, and began housing prisoners from the Lewisburg Federal Penitentiary there in 1952. In 1957 the "Allenwood Prison Camp" was built, which became the "Federal Correctional Institute, Allenwood". This was greatly expanded in the early 1990s to become "the largest federal prison facility" in the United States. North of the White Deer Hole Creek watershed, some of the land was sold to make the "White Deer Golf Course" in Clinton Township, and in 1973, of prison land in Brady Township were leased to Lycoming County for its landfill (which serves five counties).  The remaining were given to Pennsylvania and became State Game Lands 252. Many of the 149 concrete bunkers remain, but it is "a diverse mix of mature forest, impoundments, and brushy thickets, as well as a local hotspot for a variety of birds during migration". The watershed is a haven for wildlife. Common animals in the game lands include painted and common snapping turtles, muskrats, frogs, eastern cottontails, red foxes, and white-tailed deer, while birds include golden-winged, hooded, and blue-winged warblers, red-shouldered hawks, wood ducks, tundra swans, pied-billed grebes, American bitterns, herons, and belted kingfishers. The first barn owls to be banded in Lycoming County were in a barn near Elimsport in 2006. Gray squirrels, groundhogs, raccoons, crows, red-tailed hawks, downy woodpeckers, cardinals, blue jays, American robins, nuthatches, titmice, and sparrows are also found in the White Deer Hole Creek watershed.  Some locals in the surrounding areas often report paranormal sightings and activities in the bunker areas. Many stories and experiences are recurring while others are different. There have been no formal investigations of the activity reported so far, however some people have performed personal investigations and reported their outcomes.

White Deer Hole Creek is a tributary of the West Branch Susquehanna River in Clinton, Lycoming and Union counties in the U.S. state of Pennsylvania. A part of the Chesapeake Bay drainage basin, the White Deer Hole Creek watershed drains parts of ten townships. The creek flows east in a valley of the Ridge-and-valley Appalachians, through sandstone, limestone, and shale from the Ordovician, Silurian, and Devonian periods.

Le White Deer Hole Creek est un affluent de de long de la dans les comtés de Clinton, Lycoming et d'Union, dans l'état américain de Pennsylvanie, aux États-Unis.


Early life.

YNW Melly was born on May 1, 1999, in Gifford, Florida to father Jamie Demons and mother Donte Taylor. Demons was raised by his single mother. She was 14 years old when she became pregnant with him, giving birth to him in the ninth grade. Later moving to a poorer part of Gifford, his mother struggled to pay for housing and necessaries. Demons joined the Bloods gang at a young age, later posting his songs on SoundCloud when he was 15. In late 2015, Demons was arrested for shooting at a group of students near Vero Beach High School and subsequently convicted of aggravated battery, discharging a firearm in public, and two counts of aggravated assault, for which he served several months in prison.

Career.

2016–2018: Early fame and debut projects.

Demons adopted the stage name YNW Melly in 2016. YNW (an initialism of "Young Nigga World" or "Young New Wave") is a hip-hop collective that included Demons, Anthony "YNW Sakchaser" Williams, Christopher "YNW Juvy" Thomas Jr., and Cortlen "YNW Bortlen" Henry.  In late 2017, while still incarcerated, Demons released his first project, an EP called "Collect Call", which contained features from numerous well-known artists, including Lil B and John Wicks. In 2018, he released the singles "Virtual (Blue Balenciagas)", "Melly the Menace", and "Slang That Iron". Other singles include "4 Real", "Butter Pecan", and "Medium Fries". The respective music videos have amassed 26 million, 16 million and 11 million views on YouTube, as of January 2019.  In August 2018, Demons released his debut mixtape "I Am You," which later appeared on the Billboard 200 at number 192 on January 10, 2019.

2019–present: Second mixtape and debut studio album.

On January 17, 2019, while incarcerated, Demons released "We All Shine", his second commercial mixtape, consisting of 16 tracks. The project featured collaborations with Kanye West and Fredo Bang. A music video for "Mixed Personalities" featuring West was released with the album.  As of March 2019, Demons had amassed over 200 million streams on Spotify with over 10 million monthly listeners. His most streamed song was "Murder on My Mind", which was originally released as a single before being added to "I Am You".  On November 22, 2019, Demons released his debut studio album, "Melly vs. Melvin". It peaked at number eight on the "Billboard" 200, making it his highest charting album at the time. The album included the singles "223's", which peaked at number 34 on the "Billboard" Hot 100.  On March 13, 2020, Demons released a remix of his track "Suicidal", making it the second single from "Melly vs. Melvin". The remix included a feature from late rapper Juice Wrld, making it his third official posthumous feature. The song has peaked at number 20 on the Hot 100, becoming Melly's second top 20 entry.

Legal issues.

Demons was arrested on June 30, 2018, in Fort Myers, Florida for possession of marijuana, possession of weapon or ammunition by a convicted felon and drug paraphernalia.  Demons was again arrested on January 3, 2019, in Fort Myers for possession of marijuana.  On February 12, 2019, Demons was charged with two counts of first-degree murder in connection with the October 2018 shooting deaths in Fort Lauderdale of two YNW associates described as his close friends, aspiring rappers Anthony Williams and Christopher Thomas Jr. Authorities purport that Demons conspired with fellow YNW rapper Cortlen Henry to stage the double-murder of Williams and Thomas Jr. and make it appear as if they were fatally injured in a drive by shooting. Henry allegedly drove the victims to the hospital where they later succumbed to their wounds. Demons turned himself in on February 13, 2019. He announced on his Instagram that: On February 22, 2019, "Complex" reported that Demons and Henry were suspects in the fatal 2017 shooting of off-duty Indian River County Sheriff's Department deputy Gary Chambliss in Gifford.

COVID-19 diagnosis.

On April 2, 2020, YNW Melly (via management) told fans on Twitter that he tested positive for COVID-19. He was in the process of trying to get an early release from prison due to health concerns, as 6ix9ine was released from prison due to asthma and bronchitis. On April 14, his motion was denied.

Jamell Maurice Demons (born May 1, 1999), known professionally as YNW Melly, is an American rapper, singer, and songwriter from Gifford, Florida. He is best known for his songs "Murder on My Mind", "Mixed Personalities", and "Suicidal". The first is considered his breakout, which garnered even further attention after the rapper was charged with the double-murder of two members of the YNW hip-hop collective. He released his debut album, "Melly vs. Melvin", on November 22, 2019.

YNW Melly, de son vrai nom Jamell Maurice Demons, né le dans le Comté d'Indian River, en Floride, est un rappeur et chanteur américain originaire de Gifford, également en Floride.


Synopsis.

Part 1.

Scene 1, "Die Verhaftung – zwei Zimmer" (The Arrest – two rooms) One morning, Josef K., a bank clerk, is arrested by two men, Franz and Willem, without being told the reason for his arrest. Franz and Willem go through his belonging inappropriately, to Josef K.'s annoyance. However, the men tell Josef K. that he may continue to work and move freely. Josef K. begins to suffer mental torment because he does not understand what crime he may have committed.  Scene 2, "Fräulein Bürstner – zwei Zimmer" (Fräulein Bürstner – two rooms) After dinner, Josef K. visits his neighbor, Fräulein Bürstner, and discusses his arrest with her. She sits down at the table and begins to take notes. When there is a knock at the door, she tries to persuade her uninvited guest to leave the room. Josef K. then kisses her passionately.  Scene 3, "Die Vorladung – Straße" (The Subpoena – street) At night, Josef K. walks on the street, feeling threatened by invisible forces. A stranger walks past him without a word, but then turns around and says that there will be a little investigation regarding his situation next Saturday. Josef K. should not miss the date.  Scene 4, "Erste Untersuchung – Dachboden" (First Examination – attic) Josef K. finds the High Court with difficulty, arriving one hour late. The court audience eagerly awaits the start of the trial. Josef K. protests furiously at the court's treatment of him. Among the listeners is a student, who suddenly makes improper advances to the wife of the court usher. The examining magistrate interrupts the trial and retires with his colleagues. The wife of the court usher assures Josef K. that she would do everything in her power to help him. The student then carries her off. After being told that the investigation of the case will continue, Josef K. curses the High Court and leaves.

Part 2.

Scene 5, "Der Prügler – Hausflur" (The Whipper – basement) Josef K. finds Franz and Willem in a dimly lit room, being subjected to corporal punishment. Josef K. believes that this is the result of his complaint about their behaviour during the arrest. Suddenly, the passer-by comes down the stairs and orders Josef K. to go directly to the court chancery.  Scene 6, "Der Advokat – zwei Zimmer" (The barrister – two rooms) Josef K.'s uncle, Albert K., brings him to an old solicitor, who enjoys a high reputation. However, instead of questioning Josef K., the solicitor prefers to chat with Albert K.. Meanwhile, Josef K. is in the next room, and meets Leni, the lawyer's maid. They fall into each other's arms and kiss.  Scene 7, "Der Fabrikant – Büro in der Bank" (The manufacturer – the bank office) Josef K. tries to continue work as a bank official, but his trial weighs so heavily on his conscience that he cannot concentrate. A client at the bank, a manufacturer, advises Josef K. to visit painter Titorelli and ask him for help. Titorelli has painted almost all of the city's notable figures and thus has important connections.  Scene 8, "Der Maler – Atelier" (The painter – studio) In front of Titorelli's house, Josef K. has to squeeze himself through a group of violently shrieking girls to enter the studio. Titorelli, a braggart, explains to Josef K. three ways of how the trial could end: by genuine acquittal ("echten Freispruch"), apparent acquittal ("scheinbaren Freispruch"), or protraction ("Verschleppung"). He advises Josef K. to assess carefully the possibilities and should not lose any time. However, Josef K. is more confused than before.  Scene 9, "Im Dom und im Steinbruch" (In the cathedral – in the quarry) Josef K. is so desperate that he goes to the cathedral as a last resort. However, the conversation with the priest gives him no consolation. On the contrary, the priest accuses Josef K. him of seeking too much help from strangers, especially women, and that he lacks foresight.  The stage is then transformed into a quarry. Two men bring in Josef K., and one of them pulls out of his frock coat a large knife. With exquisite courtesy, he passes it over Josef K's head to the other man. Then the stage goes completely dark.

Music.

The choice of libretto has been regarded as to express the situation of the existentialism of the post-war era. The composer said that his work, as Kafka's novel, was to express like a parable aspects of the problem of existential guilt, turning to a psychological interpretation of original sin in dialogue ("... das Problem existentieller Schuld, um eine Hinwendung zu einer tiefenpsychologischen und dialogischen Ausdeutung der Erbsünde").  The opera is scored for soloists and orchestra. The vocal lines are declamatory, using moderately modern harmony including elements of twelve-tone serialism. The music quotes at times rhythms from dance music of the early 1950s. The orchestra consists of three flutes (two doubling piccolos), two oboes, two clarinets, two bassoons, four horns, three trumpets, three trombones, tuba. timpani and percussion, piano and strings.

The opera premiered on 17 August 1953 at the Salzburg Festival, with stage direction by Oscar Fritz Schuh, scene design by Caspar Neher, and Karl Böhm as conductor. The US premiere of the opera was in October 1953 at the New York City Opera, directed by Otto Preminger. The British premiere, attended by the composer Gottfired Von Einem, took place in May 1973, at Bloomsbury Theatre London, in a production, conducted by Leon Lovett, directed by Fuad Kavur.

Der Prozess est un opéra de Gottfried von Einem basé sur un livret de Boris Blacher et Heinz von Cramer.


Geography.

Cockrell Hill is located at (32.738731, -96.889181).  According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of, all of it land.

History.

Cockrell Hill was established by the pioneer Brentwood Allen Cockrell and his son, Woodrow. They established the town as a way of making a living, and ran it like a business. The Cockrell place was known to travelers on the stage line that ran from Dallas to Fort Belknap and on to El Paso and the west. The settlement developed as an agricultural crossroads and by the late 1800s had a few scattered homes, a small store, and a school. Water became the overriding issue for the town's continued growth. Frank Jester, a local developer, laid out the plan for the modern community of Cockrell Hill in 1911. A first attempt at incorporation in 1925 proved unsuccessful, and the following year a vote to disincorporate was approved. The second incorporation passed on July 21, 1937, when the population was 459. The town grew to a population of 1,246 in 1941. Many of the new residents worked in war-related industries located in the surrounding areas. In 1952 the population was 2,194, in 1990 it was 3,916, and in 2000 it was 4,445.In May 2006, Councilman Luis D. Carrera defeated C. P. Slayton and John Mendiola defeated Richard Hall and joined Silvia Ulloa, Richard Perez and Sammy Rodriquez to become the first all-Hispanic City Council in North Texas.

Demographics.

As of the census of 2000, there were 4,443 people, 1,150 households, and 959 families residing in the city. The population density was 7,664.7 people per square mile (2,957.7/km). There were 1,205 housing units at an average density of 2,078.8 per square mile (802.2/km). The racial makeup of the city was 44.63% White, 1.67% African American, 1.04% Native American, 0.23% Asian, 0.02% Pacific Islander, 49.65% from other races, and 2.77% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 84.15% of the population. There were 1,150 households, out of which 54.2% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 59.4% were married couples living together, 15.8% had a female householder with no husband present, and 16.6% were non-families. 12.7% of all households were made up of individuals, and 5.4% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 3.86 and the average family size was 4.18.  In the city, the population was spread out, with 36.6% under the age of 18, 13.8% from 18 to 24, 30.7% from 25 to 44, 13.1% from 45 to 64, and 5.9% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 25 years. For every 100 females, there were 104.5 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 104.9 males.  The median income for a household in the city was $32,644, and the median income for a family was $34,722. Males had a median income of $25,632 versus $18,854 for females. The per capita income for the city was $10,083. About 17.1% of families and 17.8% of the population were below the poverty line, including 22.2% of those under age 18 and 4.5% of those age 65 or over.

Education.

Primary and secondary schools.

Dallas Independent School District serves students in Cockrell Hill. All of the schools serving Cockrell Hill are in the City of Dallas. , a portion is zoned to Celestino M. Soto, Jr. Elementary School, Stockard Middle School, and Moisés E. Molina High School. Parts of southern Cockrell Hill are served by L. O. Donald Elementary School, Zan Wesley Holmes Middle School, and Kimball High School. Parts of northern Cockrell Hill are served by Anson Jones Elementary School, Quintanilla Middle School, and Sunset High School.  Prior to May 2006 the attendance zones differed. Mary McLeod Bethune Elementary School, T. W. Browne Middle School, and Molina served one section. Jones, Quintanilla, and Molina served another section. Another part was served by Donald, Stockard, and Kimball. In 2006 Soto Elementary School opened, and the attendance boundaries shifted. In the fall of 2012, as Zan Holmes Middle School opened, it took the area in Cockrell Hill formerly zoned to T.W. Browne Middle School.  There is a private Catholic K-8 school adjacent to Cockrell Hill, Mount Saint Michael Catholic School, established in 1986 as Prince of Peace Christian School, renamed to in 1990 to Prince of Peace Community School and serving as a non-diocesan private school since 1995. It received its current name on July 1, 2007 to avoid confusion with other area schools with the same name.

Community colleges.

Dallas County Community College District operates Mountain View College, located near Cockrell Hill in Dallas.

Transportation.

Cockrell Hill can be reached by several bus lines in the Dallas Area Rapid Transit system. The main bus stop is the Cockrell Hill Transfer Location.

Public safety.

Law enforcement is carried out by the Cockrell Hill Police Department, which employs paid and reserve sworn police officers. The current (2014) police chief is Stephen Barlag.  The Cockrell Hill Police Department has suffered one line of duty death. On May 30, 1999, Police Officer Tiffany Hickey died six days after she sustained injuries in a motor vehicle collision during pursuit of a suspect. Officer Hickey was the passenger in the patrol car, being driven by her field training officer (FTO), when they attempted to stop a vehicle for speeding and running a red light. Officer Hickey radioed dispatch to notify them of the chase but, due to an antiquated radio system, dispatch never heard the call because another officer was transmitting. Approximately three minutes later the FTO swerved to avoid another vehicle in an intersection and struck a light pole. Officer Hickey remained in serious condition before succumbing to her injuries. Officer Hickey had served with the agency for only 1 month.  Fire safety is regulated by the all-volunteer Cockrell Hill Fire Department, which contracts its emergency ambulance services to the Dallas Fire Department.

Cockrell Hill is a city in Dallas County, Texas, United States. The population was 4,193 at the 2010 census. It is completely surrounded by the city of Dallas.

La ville de est située dans le comté de Dallas, dans l’État du Texas, aux États-Unis. Sa population s’élevait à lors du recensement, estimée à. Cockrell Hill est enclavée dans la ville de Dallas.


Biography.

Oleksandr Yevdokymovych Korniychuk was born in Khrystynivka, Kiev Governorate, into a family of a railroad worker. At the age of 15 he started working at a railroad carriage repair works. In 1924 Korniychuk enrolled into the Kiev University (then known as the Kiev Institute of People's Education). After the graduation in 1929 he went to work in the Odessa and Kiev film studios, mainly as a script-writer. His debut play On the Edge (1929) examined the role of a man of arts in the new Socialist society. In the late 1920s - early 1930s Korniychuk was an active propagator of internationalism, strictly opposing the local National Communist movement in the Ukrainian literature, led by Mykola Khvylovy.  In 1933 came out the first significant play by Korniychuk, "Death of the Squadron", endorsing the heroic tale of a Bolshevik Black Sea Fleet unit who chose to sink their ships so as not to be taken by the Germans (later revealed to be nothing more than a romantic revolutionary myth). The play impressed Pavel Postyshev, who became the 'local prodigy's mentor. "Platon Krechet" followed in 1934, its central character representing the 'new Soviet intelligentsia', driven by "humanism and justice-seeking". The 1937 play "Pravda" is credited for being the first one to introduce the character of Lenin to the Soviet theatre stage.  Both Nikita Khrushchev and Lazar Kaganovich recommended the young author to Stalin and in 1938 the Soviet leader met the playwright at the Kremlin. Soon Korniychuk's plays were translated into most of the Soviet republics' languages and started to be produced by theatres all over the country. In 1939 came out what in retrospect is regarded by Russian critics as Korniychuk's strongest work, the 5-act drama "Bogdan Khmelnitsky", telling the story of the 17th-century national movement in the Ukraine which resulted in the country's unification with Russia. His 1941 pro-collectivisation farcical comedy "In the Steppes of Ukraine" became popular with both the general public and Stalin himself, who in a personal letter informed the author: "Comrade Korneychuk. Just read your play "In the Steppes of Ukraine". Laughed heartily. I.Stalin". Korniychuk continued in the same vein with "Please Come to Zvonkovoye" (1946), "The Kalinov Grove" (1950) and "Over Dnieper" (1960).  In 1934, at the First Congress of the Soviet Union of Writers Korniychuk was elected a member of its chairmanship board. The same year he became the leader of the Ukrainian SSR Union of Writers (1934-1941, 1946-1953). As World War II broke out in 1941, Korniychuk went to the frontline, first as a war correspondent, then a politruk. His 1942 play "Frontline", criticizing the 'old style' army generals caused outrage among the latter but was supported by Stalin ("Conduct the war in better ways and there won't be such plays," he reportedly told some of the disgruntled senior rank military men). For it the author received his third Stalin Prize, promptly donating the money to the needs of national defense.  In 1944 Korniychuk became the first head (People's Comissar) of the Ukrainian SSR's newly formed Foreign Ministry (Narodny Comissariat, as it was then known). In 1943-1945 he was the first deputy of the Foreign Minister of the USSR. In the late 1940s  Korniychuk joined the higher ranks of the Ukrainian and Soviet political nomenclature. He was a member of the Communist Party’s Central committees (USSR - 1949-1972, UkrSSR - 1952-1972), a Supreme Soviet of the Soviet Union deputy (1937-1972), the first deputy of the UkrSSR Prime Minister (1953-1954), the Chairman of the Ukrainian parliament (in 1947-1953, 1959-1972).  Korniychuk received his share of ideological chastising too. In 1951 the libretto for Konstantyn Dankevych's opera "Bogdan Khmelnitsky" he'd written with his wife Wanda Wasilewska met with harsh disapproval from Stalin, who demanded for a lot more of the Ukrainian people's fight against the "Polish oppression" to be shown. The pair added several scenes, making a point to emphasize the "historical roots of the Russian-Ukrainian friendship," and the opera was premiered in 1953. In 1954 Korniychuk's play "Wings", satirizing the style of local party officials' leadership, outraged some members of the USSR CP Central Committee. Khrushchev had to intervene, allegedly saying: "The Tsar hadn't banned Gogol's "Revizor", how can we then ban Korneychuk's "Wings"?"  Korniychuk's works of the 1960s showed less ideological fervour and more psychological depth, dealing with the Soviet people's moral dilemmas in the post-War Soviet Russia.  Olexandr Korniychuk died on May 14, 1972, in Kiev. He was buried at the Baikove Cemetery.

Oleksandr Yevdokymovych Korniychuk (,, May 25 [12 o.s.], 1905 – May 14, 1972) was a Ukrainian playwright, literary critic and state official (a Soviet Foreign Minister’s first deputy in 1943–1945).

Olexandr Ievdokymovytch Kornitchouk (en ), né le dans le village de Khrystynivka et mort le à Kiev, est un dramaturge et scénariste soviétique et ukrainien.


Geography.

Rainbow Beach is in the Wide Bay–Burnett, east of Gympie.  The town's name derives from the rainbow-coloured sand dunes surrounding the settlement. According to the legends of the Kabi people, the dunes were coloured when Yiningie, a spirit represented by a rainbow, plunged into the cliffs after doing battle with an evil tribesman. Much of the sand colours stem from the rich content of minerals in the sand, such as rutile, ilmenite, zircon, and monazite. A black dune of ilmenite sands, overgrown by dune vegetation, can be found north west of the main town. This is currently being removed for sale in China with complete removal expected to take two years.  The Cooloola Section of the Great Sandy National Park borders the town to the south. A number of walking tracks through the national park depart from the southern outskirts of Rainbow Beach. This includes the northern end point of the Cooloola Great Walk.  By road, Rainbow Beach is located from the Bruce Highway town of Gympie, and from the Queensland state capital, Brisbane.

History.

The town's war memorial commemorating those who died in the World War I and subsequent conflicts was refurbished in 1993 and is also located in Laurie Hanson Park.  Rainbow Beach State School opened on 28 January 1986.  At the, Rainbow Beach had a population of 1,103.  Rainbow Beach Library was opened in 2012.

Economy.

The town's economy is now dominated by tourism, featuring quiet and idyllic holidays, fishing and retirement getaway. The town caters to beach-orientated holiday-makers with hotels, motels, and caravan parks. The town promotes itself as the "Gateway to Fraser Island" as vehicular ferries for Fraser Island depart from Inskip Point, north of town. Double Island Point, a popular destination amongst 4WD enthusiasts, is located east of town. It is also promoted as an eco-tourism destination.  Although it has a permanent population of about 1,000, about 70,000 visitors come to the town each year.

Community Facilities.

Gympie Regional Council operates Rainbow Beach Library at Rainbow Beach Community Hall, 32 Rainbow Beach Road.

Education.

Rainbow Beach State School is a government primary (Prep-6) school for boys and girls at Warooga Road (). In 2017, the school had an enrolment of 93 students with 8 teachers (6 full-time equivalent) and 5 non-teaching staff (4 full-time equivalent).

Rainbow Beach is a coastal rural town and locality in the Gympie Region, Queensland, Australia. In the, Rainbow Beach had a population of 1,249 people.

Rainbow Beach est une ville côtière située dans la région de Wide Bay–Burnett, dans l'état du Queensland, en Australie, à l'est de Gympie. Au, Rainbow Beach comptait. C'est une destination touristique populaire, à la fois comme site de visite et comme point de passage vers l'Île de Fraser Island.


Early life.

Erroll was the son of William Hay, 17th Earl of Erroll, and his wife Alice ("née" Eliot). His paternal grandfather was James Hay, 15th Earl of Erroll, son of William Boyd, 4th Earl of Kilmarnock (who was attainted with his titles forfeited in 1746). He became heir apparent to the earldom in 1815 on the death of his elder brother, Lord Hay, who was killed during the Waterloo Campaign. He was educated at Eton.

Career.

Erroll succeeded his father in the earldom in 1819, aged 18. In 1823 he was elected a Scottish Representative Peer and took his seat in the House of Lords. He was Master of the Horse to Queen Adelaide from 1830 to 1834. In 1831 he was sworn of the Privy Council and created Baron Kilmarnock, of Kilmarnock in the County of Ayr, in the Peerage of the United Kingdom, a revival of the Kilmarnock title held by his great-grandfather. When the Whigs came to power under Lord Melbourne in 1835, Erroll was appointed Master of the Buckhounds. In 1839 he was promoted to Lord Steward of the Household on the decease of the Duke of Argyll, a post he held until the administration fell in 1841.  Apart from his political career Lord Erroll was also Knight Marischal of Scotland from 1832 to 1846, and Lord-Lieutenant of Aberdeenshire from 1836 to 1846.

Personal life.

Lord Erroll married Lady Elizabeth FitzClarence, the illegitimate daughter of King William IV and Dorothy Jordan, on 4 December 1820. They were the parents of four children:  Lord Erroll died in London in April 1846, aged 45, and was succeeded by his eldest son, William. The Countess of Erroll died in January 1856, aged 54.

William George Hay, 18th Earl of Erroll, KT, GCH, PC (21 February 1801 – 19 April 1846), styled Lord Hay between 1815 and 1819, was a Scottish peer and politician.

William George Hay, comte d'Erroll, KT, GCH, PC ( – ), titré Lord Hay entre 1815 et 1819, était un politicien et un pair écossais.


Early years.

Morgan was born in Clifton Heights, Pennsylvania. He grew up playing football for the Clifton Heights Rams of the Bert Bell Football League near Philadelphia. After playing freshman football at Upper Darby High School in Upper Darby Township, Pennsylvania, Morgan attended J. P. Taravella High School in Coral Springs, Florida. As a senior, he was an all-county pick at tailback, linebacker, and strong safety for the Taravella Trojans. As a junior tailback, he rushed for 1,322 yards and 13 touchdowns.

College career.

Morgan attended the University of Miami and played for the Miami Hurricanes football team from 1997 to 2000. He began his college career playing as a fullback, but was switched to weakside linebacker one week before the season started. He became the first freshman linebacker to start for the Hurricanes since Ray Lewis in 1993. As a freshman, he was named second-team freshman All-American by the "Sporting News" after posting 105 tackles, three sacks, and one forced fumble.  As a sophomore, he became the first sophomore team captain in team history, and made the All-Big East Team, after leading the team with 150 tackles. He was a finalist for the Butkus Award and the Nagurski Trophy as a junior, and was rewarded with a second-team All-Big East for collecting 139 tackles and 5 sacks. He finally captured both awards, as well as the Bednarik Award, becoming the first player in NCAA history to win all three awards in a career (and the same year). He was recognized as a first-team All-Big East selection, the Big East Defensive Player of the Year, and a unanimous first-team All-American in 2000. Upon graduating, Morgan held the Hurricanes' team and Big East conference records for most career tackles with 532.  Morgan was inducted into the University of Miami Sports Hall of Fame at the 43rd Annual Induction Banquet in 2011.

Professional career.

Carolina Panthers.

Morgan was selected by the Carolina Panthers in the first round, with the 11th overall selection, in the 2001 NFL Draft.  In the 2001 season, he started 11 games at weakside and strongside linebacker, posting 75 tackles, 1 sack, 1 interception and 1 fumble recovery.  In his second season, Morgan helped turn the Panthers from the worst defense in the 2001 NFL season to the second-ranked defense, becoming the first team to make such an improvement in one season. Morgan was also an integral part of the Panthers defense that led the team to Super Bowl XXXVIII, where he posted an NFL Super Bowl record 18 tackles (11 solo, 7 assists). For the 2004 NFL season, he collected 109 tackles, two interceptions, two fumble recoveries, and five sacks en route to being named the starting linebacker for the NFC in the 2004 Pro Bowl. In the 2005 NFL season, he was second on the team in tackles, behind Marlon McCree.  On November 6, 2007, Morgan was placed on injured reserve by the Panthers due to an ankle injury. The Panthers eventually released him on February 11, 2008.

New Orleans Saints.

Morgan was signed by the New Orleans Saints for the 2008 season. However, on May 19, 2008, Morgan announced his retirement from the NFL, citing the slow recovery of injuries, particularly a partially torn Achilles tendon suffered during the 2007 season.  After sitting out the 2008 season, Morgan confirmed on January 26, 2009 that he had filed reinstatement papers with the NFL and expected to rejoin the New Orleans Saints; Morgan stated that he was completely healthy and ready to play. He was reinstated on February 12. Morgan worked out with the Saints through the off-season, but he strained his calf muscle during a minicamp practice on June 5, 2009. On June 8, Morgan's agent, Drew Rosenhaus, announced that Morgan had informed the Saints that he would retire for the second time due to his continued injuries.

Buffalo Bills.

Morgan is currently the Director of Player Personnel for the Buffalo Bills.

Career statistics.

Regular season Playoffs

Daniel Thomas Morgan, Jr. (born December 19, 1978) is a former American college and professional football player who was a linebacker in the National Football League (NFL) for seven seasons. He played college football for the University of Miami, was recognized as an All-American, and won multiple national awards. The Carolina Panthers chose him in the first round of the 2001 NFL Draft, and he earned a Pro Bowl selection in 2004. He currently is the Director of Player Personnel for the Buffalo Bills.

Daniel Thomas Morgan, Jr (né le ) est un joueur professionnel américain de football américain ayant évolué au poste de linebacker en National Football League (NFL) pendant sept saisons.


History.

After Stax Records went bankrupt and closed in 1976, the Stax studio was sold by the Union Planters Bank to Southside Church of God in Christ, located nearby on McLemore Avenue. Except for a brief time when it was used as a soup kitchen, it was allowed to deteriorate so it was torn down in 1989. The neighborhood had deteriorated badly and by 1998, a group of concerned people and anonymous philanthropists spearheaded a nonprofit revitalization effort for the area which was dubbed Soulsville after the slogan "Soulsville U.S.A." which Stax called its studio on its former theater marquee as a counterpoint to Motown Records' Hitsville U.S.A.  Construction began on the Stax Museum and adjacent Stax Music Academy in April 2001 and the museum opened in May 2003. The Stax Museum is a replica of the Stax recording studio, the former Capitol Theatre, down to the sloping floor of studio A. It is a museum with more than 2,000 videos, films, photographs, original instruments used to record Stax hits, stage costumes, interactive exhibits, and other items of memorabilia. Some of the standout exhibits include an authentic 101-year-old Mississippi Delta church to help show the gospel roots of soul music; the "Soul Train" dance floor, Isaac Hayes' restored 1972 gold-trimmed, peacock-blue Cadillac El Dorado; and a changing gallery where special exhibits change five times each year. Because the Stax Museum is one of only a handful of museums in the world dedicated to soul music (the Motown Museum in Detroit is another), it not only celebrates the legacy of Stax Records and its artists such as Isaac Hayes, Otis Redding, Sam & Dave, the Staple Singers, Johnnie Taylor, Albert King, Booker T. & the MGs, Rufus and Carla Thomas and others, but also features other soul music labels such as Motown, Hi Records, Atlantic Records, and Muscle Shoals, and visitors are treated to vintage video footage of non-Stax artists such as Aretha Franklin, Al Green, Stevie Wonder, Marvin Gaye, Ann Peebles, The Jackson Five, Patti LaBelle, Parliament-Funkadelic, Sam Cooke, James Brown, Ike & Tina Turner, and others.  The Stax Music Academy is a state-of-the-art facility where primarily at-risk youth are mentored through music education and unique performance opportunities they would otherwise likely never experience. The building also houses The Soulsville Charter School, an academically rigorous, musically rich school where students study math, language arts, science, social studies, and orchestra. Their Soulsville Symphony Orchestra has played for the likes of Stevie Wonder, John Legend, and Isaac Hayes.

The Stax Museum of American Soul Music is a museum located in Memphis, Tennessee, at 926 East McLemore Avenue, the former location of Stax Records. It is operated by Soulsville USA, which also operates the adjacent Stax Music Academy.

Le Stax Museum of American Soul Music est un musée situé à Memphis dans le Tennessee, au 926 East McLemore Avenue, à l'emplacement de l'ancien siège de Stax Records.


Career.

McMurry has been racing cars since age 14, competing in Formula Skip Barber, U.S. F2000 Championship, Formula Bondurant, Prototype Lites and the European Le Mans Series. Through age 16 he has total 71 car races with an 8% winning, 21% podium position and 10% fastest lap rate. Prior to racing cars, he raced in karting from age 5-12, mostly locally in Arizona.

24 Hours of Le Mans (2014).

After back-to-back fourth-place finishes in the 2014 European Le Mans Series at Silverstone and Imola, McMurry was asked to join American Chris Dyson and Englishman Tom Kimber-Smith for the 82nd 24 Hours of Le Mans in the No. 42 LMP2 class entry by Greaves Motorsport from Peterborough, England.  The entry qualified 19th overall and 10th in class. When McMurry was handed the car by Kimber-Smith at about the 43 minute mark in the race, he became the youngest driver to ever participate in the race, breaking the record held by Mexican Ricardo Rodriguez and set 55 years earlier in 1959. Rodriguez was 17 years and 126 days old at the time.  After a 60+ minute pit stop during the 20th hour, the team finished the race 25th overall and 11th in class, having run over 2,600 miles. McMurry broke the record for youngest to finish the race, a mark previously set by American Gunnar Jeannette in 2000 at the age of 18 years and 44 days old.

Statistics.

IMSA WeatherTech Sportscar Championship.

Prototype.

<nowiki>*</nowiki> Season still in progress

Matthew Merrill McMurry (born November 24, 1997) is an American racing driver from Phoenix, Arizona, United States. In 2014 he became the first junior development driver for Dyson Racing and a few months later at the age of 16 years and 202 days old became the youngest driver to participate in and finish the 24 Hours of Le Mans. He is a second generation driver and son of Chris McMurry, LMP2 class winner of the 12 Hours of Sebring in 2005. Matthew is an alumni of The Henry Samueli School of Engineering at University of California, Irvine.

Matthew Merrill McMurry, né le, à Phoenix aux États-Unis, est un pilote automobile américain. En 2014, il est devenu le premier pilote de développement junior de Dyson Racing. Quelques mois plus tard, à l'âge de 16 ans et 202 jours, il devenait le plus jeune pilote à participer et à terminer les 24 Heures du Mans. Il est pilote de deuxième génération et fils de Chris McMurry, vainqueur des 12 Heures de Sebring dans la catégorie LMP2 en 2005.


Teams.

The game featured second-ranked Clemson of the Atlantic Coast Conference (ACC) against third-ranked Notre Dame, an FBS independent. This was the first time that the two programs met in a bowl game; their more recent regular season meeting had been in 2015, won by Clemson. The only prior Cotton Bowl to feature two undefeated teams had been the 1948 edition, which ended in a 13–13 tie between Penn State and SMU.

Clemson Tigers.

Clemson defeated Pitt in the 2018 ACC Championship Game on December 1, then received their bid to the Cotton Bowl with the release of final CFP rankings on December 2. The Tigers entered the bowl with a 13–0 record (8–0 in conference). On December 27, it was confirmed that three Clemson players, including starting defensive lineman Dexter Lawrence, would be suspended from playing in the game by the NCAA, due to drug testing showing "trace amounts of a banned substance", which was identified as ostarine.  This was Clemson's second Cotton Bowl bid in school history, following its appearance in the 1940 edition. It was also the first Cotton Bowl appearance by an active ACC member since Maryland's appearance in the 1977 edition.

Notre Dame Fighting Irish.

Notre Dame received their bid to the Cotton Bowl with the release of final CFP rankings on December 2. The independent Fighting Irish entered the bowl with a 12–0 record. This was Notre Dame's first Cotton Bowl berth since the 1994 edition and its eighth overall.

The 2018 Cotton Bowl Classic was a college football bowl game played on December 29, 2018, at AT&T Stadium in Arlington, Texas. The 83rd Cotton Bowl Classic was a College Football Playoff semifinal with the winner to compete in the 2019 College Football Playoff National Championship. It was one of the 2018–19 bowl games concluding the 2018 FBS football season. Sponsored by the Goodyear Tire and Rubber Company, the game was officially known as the College Football Playoff Semifinal at the Goodyear Cotton Bowl Classic.

Le Cotton Bowl Classic 2018 est un match de football américain de niveau universitaire joué après la saison régulière de 2018, le 31 décembre 2018 au AT&T Stadium d'Arlington dans l'état du Texas aux États-Unis.