Biography.

Born and raised in Toledo, Ohio, Woggon was interested as a child in American Indians. Developing his drawing skills through the Federal School cartoon correspondence course, he got a job at the "Toledo Blade" as cartoonist, commercial artist and eventually art editor. With the American public's fascination after World War I with airplanes and daring aviators, in 1929 he tried an aviation-themed comic strip called "Skylark". It failed "because its creator had never been in a plane".

Woggon's "Wahoo".

Woggon then tried a gag strip, encouraged by Publishers Syndicate to base it on a comical "windbag" (Waugh). He drafted samples he titled "The Great Gusto", featuring opportunistic medicine-show impresario J. Mortimer Gusto (Saunders, ibid), and in 1935 he enlisted as his writer Allen Saunders, a reporter at the rival "News-Bee" across the street. But their proposal and advance publicity were not accepted until they took the syndicate's advice to focus instead on Gusto's "cute" Indian sidekick, Chief Wahoo. This character, with his diminutive stature and 10-gallon hat, had little resemblance to the Cleveland Indians' mascot Chief Wahoo dating from 1946, but scholars have assumed the mascot came from the comic character.  At last syndicated, "Big Chief Wahoo" took off in the newspapers on November 23, 1936, opening with Wahoo receiving a letter from his girlfriend Minnie Ha-Cha in New York and rushing to her. On the way (six days into the strip), he encountered Gusto, who now played second fiddle to Wahoo. The strip quickly became a hit, adding features such as reader-submitted "Indian slango" (e.g., "credit" = 'trustum-bustum') and spinning off products such as Wahoo chewing gum, coloring books and paper dolls. In fact, according to Saunders (ibid), their "sawed-off Seminole" (Wahoo was actually from the Southwest, not Florida) almost got into animated cartoons. The authors soon left their newspaper jobs as full-time authors of "Big Chief Wahoo", taking a studio in downtown Toledo, and both joined the National Cartoonists Society.  However, Woggon's "bigfoot" comic art style was not up to the strip's increasingly serious stories and wide-ranging settings. According to Harvey, this was a common problem for cartoonists faced with the era's transition to photorealism in adventure strips. As early as 1938, ghost artists were being called in for "Big Chief Wahoo": Woggon's kid brother Bill Woggon, Marvin Bradley, Don Dean, and (in 1945) Pete Hoffman. This resulted in a jarringly inconsistent look as each ghost filled in around Woggon's Wahoo and Gusto figures, eventually took over the whole strip for a while, and then left for other strips.  With success, Elmer Woggon acquired a new home at 1650 North Cove Boulevard in Toledo, but on February 21, 1942, thieves ripped out a bay window of the house and made off with the refrigerator, bathroom fixtures and parts of an electric stove. Woggon estimated the loss at $500.  Elmer Woggon's role as ghosted artist finally ended in 1954, when William Overgard took over as the strip's credited artist and imposed a consistent, attractively realistic look. Meanwhile, Saunders had delicately written out Woggon's early cartoonish figures (Gusto, Oscar the Octopus, Mooseface, horse Ammonia) to focus on a new character, a handsome young reporter named Steve Roper who on March 23, 1940, flew his plane into Wahoo's town (Woggon got his aviator) to get a story, and helped in a rescue mission. Wahoo joined him in his adventures, but as the strip followed Roper's career, Wahoo and Minnie (the only surviving members of the original cast) were increasingly out of place and were written out in 1947. The strip then became "Steve Roper" (and in 1969, "Steve Roper and Mike Nomad"). Wahoo and Gusto were never seen or mentioned again, except in a special Christmas 1976 strip that Overgard drew of the "Steve Roper Clan," picturing himself, Allen Saunders and son John, and Woggon with Roper, Nomad, Wahoo, Minnie and Gusto.

Awards.

Woggon continued as the strip's researcher and letterer, and according to Saunders, he took his strip's complete transformation in good grace. During the 1960s, he moved to Fort Lauderdale, Florida, where he recovered from an appendectomy in March 1968. He died in Fort Lauderdale in 1978, finally recognized for his work by an Inkpot Award that same year.

Elmer Woggon (November 4, 1898 – April 1978), who signed his art Wog, was the creator of an early newspaper comic strip that eventually developed into the long-running "Steve Roper and Mike Nomad".

Elmer Woggon, dit Wog (né le à Toledo et mort le à Fort Lauderdale) est un auteur de bande dessinée et dessinateur de presse américain.


Lines in operation.

Line 1.

Line 1 runs north to south for serving 27 stations. Most of the route is underground, with only 5 stations and running on an elevated alignment. CSR Zhuzhou supplied 23 six-car trainsets for the line.

Line 2.

Line 2 runs east to west for with 21 stations (originally 22 stations, but Anzhen station is not opened), with being elevated and the remainder underground. CSR Puzhen supplied a fleet of 120m-long six-car Type B metro trains for the line.

Construction Award.

Wuxi Metro Line 1 won China's highest honor for engineering construction and innovation, the National Quality Engineering Golden Award.

Future development.

According to the Wuxi urban rail transit masterplan, the metro will form a network of 8 lines and 1 branch line by 2035. The network would be long in 2035.  Lines 1, 2 and 3 would be the main lines, radiating from the city center, while Lines 4 and 5 would be the tangential lines for suburb to suburb traffic. Environmentally friendly and energy efficient designs will be integrated into construction and design of the stations.

Under construction.

Line S1 (Wuxi–Jiangyin intercity railway).

Line S1 of Wuxi Metro, also known as Wuxi–Jiangyin intercity railway () or Xicheng line () started construction on October 17, 2019. It will be 30.4 km in length with 9 new stations, including 5 underground stations and 4 elevated stations. The line will run from Yanqiao station on Line 1 to Jiangyin Waitan station in Jiangyin (a county-level city administered by Wuxi). Line S1 will through-operate with Line 1.

Planned.

Line S2 (Wuxi–Yixing intercity railway).

Line S2 of Wuxi Metro, also known as Wuxi–Yixing intercity railway () or Xiyi line () will start construction in 2020. Yixing is a county-level city administered by Wuxi. It will be 72 km in length from Yixing railway station to Sunan Shuofang International Airport on Line 3 (Phase 1) and Line 4 (Phase 2).

Phase 3 construction plan (2020-2025).

The Phase 3 construction plan (2020-2025) of Wuxi Metro will add 138 km of new lines and extensions.

Wuxi Metro is the rapid transit system of Wuxi, Jiangsu province, China. Line 1 began operations on 1 July 2014, and Line 2 on 28 December 2014. Further plans to build 6 more lines and to connect system with the Shanghai Metro and Suzhou Metro are under active review. In March 2019, the Wuxi Metro began selling "Twin City" metro cards that could be used on both the Ningbo Metro and Wuxi Metro.

Le métro de Wuxi (en chinois : ) est l'un des systèmes de transport en commun de Wuxi, dans la province du Jiangsu, en République populaire de Chine (RPC). Les deux premières lignes sont entrées en service en 2014.


Background and first productions.

In the 1860s and into the 1870s Edmond Audran was a church organist and choirmaster in Marseille. He composed some one-act opéras comiques in the 1860s, but they attracted little attention, and he did not return to the genre until the mid-1870s when Henri Chivot, a family friend, wrote a libretto, "Le grand mogol", and invited Audran to set it. The work was accepted by the Théâtre Gymnase, Marseille. The leading lady was the 18-year-old Jane Hading, who soon became a star of light opera in Paris. The opera opened on 24 February 1877 and ran for 60 performances – a run of rare length for a provincial French theatre of the time.  After this, Audran gave up his church post and moved to Paris, where he soon had a solid success with his opéra comique "Les noces d'Olivette" (1879), which ran for over a year in London, and extended his international fame with "La mascotte" (1880). In the mid-1880s, together with Chivot and the playwright Alfred Duru, Audran revised and expanded "Le grand mogol". The new version was produced on 19 September 1884 at the Théâtre de la Gaîté, where it ran for 248 performances.

Original cast.

Except for Jane Hading as Irma, "Les Annales du théâtre et de la musique" give no details of the 1877 Marseille cast. The 1884 Paris cast was:

Synopsis.

In some printed editions of the final Paris version the second and third acts are joined together, and Act IV becomes Act III. The opera is set in the Kingdom of Delhi in 1750.  Act I  "A public square in Almora, near Delhi"  At the court of the Great Moguls, the custom is that the Crown Princes must remain chaste until they reach the age of majority, on pain of losing their rights to the throne. The prince must at all times wear a magical white pearl necklace, which will turn black if he strays from the path of virtue.  It is two days until Prince Mignapour reaches the age of majority and ascends the throne. He is less concerned about his accession than about finding Irma, a young Frenchwoman he met two months ago and fell in love with. Irma and her brother, Joquelet, have fled from France to avoid their creditors. He has become a travelling dentist and she a snake charmer. Mignapour finds Irma in Almora and declares his love; she willingly accepts his proposal of marriage.  There are three people unhappy about the betrothal. Princess Bengaline, the prince's cousin, is ambitious to be his wife and share the throne; the Grand Vizier, Nicobar, has pinned his political future on Bengaline's plans; and Captain Crakson, an unattractive English officer, is in love with Irma.  Act II
 "The palace gardens "  Crakson, Bengaline and Nicobar plot to prevent the marriage of Irma and the prince. They decide to prevent his accession to the throne by leading him to lose his innocence. Bengaline and her retinue of bayadères surround the young man, and nearly provoke him to a kiss, but the sudden intrusion of Joquelet prevents it in the nick of time.  Mignapour tries to persuade Irma to meet him in the rose garden at midnight. She does not agree, but he lives in hope. At night he is in the care of bodyguards whom he cannot elude. He asks Crakson, who has access to supplies, to drug the guards. Crakson does so, but keen to have Irma to himself, he drugs Mignapour too, and while the latter is unconscious, Crakson swaps the white necklace for a black one, before going to meet Irma in the garden. Unfortunately for the plotters, Bengaline has had a similar idea, and it is she, disguised as Irma, whom Crakson meets in the rose garden. Neither realises the real identity of the other.  Act III
 "A hall in the palace" Before the wedding of his sister, Joquelet tactfully attempts to explain what is expected of a bride. After a ballet, Prince Mignapour finally appears, but, to the amazement of all, his necklace has turned black. It is assumed that he has lapsed from virtue. Nicobar reveals that the guards saw someone answering to the prince's appearance embracing a woman in the rose garden. There is uproar and the prince is ejected from the palace.  Act IV
 "The hall of a caravanserai"  Joquelet finds an old casket. When it is finally opened, after much difficulty, it is found to contain a document which reveals that earlier Great Moguls invented the myth of the magic necklace to keep their heirs on the path of virtue. Bengaline had earlier found the casket, thus learning the facts, and then disposed of it. But when it falls into the hands of Joquelet it becomes clear to all that the black necklace has no significance whatever. Mignapour will become Grand Mogul and can marry his little Parisienne. Bengaline attempts to stop the marriage by telling how she trysted with Mignapour in the rose garden, but when it emerges that she actually met Crakson she finds to her fury that she is obliged to marry him.

Numbers.

Act I  Acte II  Acte III  Act IV

Revivals and adaptations.

The Gaîté staged seven revivals of the piece between 1885 and 1915. There was a new production at the Théâtre des Folies-Dramatiques in 1922. In 1949 the Grand Théâtre de Genève presented a new version in two acts; this production was then seen in Paris at the Gaîté. During the 2002–2003 season the Théâtre Odéon, Marseille, staged a revival.  An English production opened at the Comedy Theatre, London, on 17 November 1884. The adaptation was by H. B. Farnie, who substantially rewrote the book. The device of the pearl necklace was retained, but the plot was radically altered and new characters introduced, including a comic Frenchman played by Frank Wyatt; Joquelet and Irma became an English pair, Charley Jones and his girlfriend Emma (Fred Leslie and Florence St John) who adopt the Indian personas Ayala and Djemma. The aspect of the piece most remarked on was that St John used real snakes in her snake-charming scene. Otherwise the piece was tepidly received and closed after eight weeks.  The first American production was in 1881 at the Bijou Opera House on Broadway, in Farnie's version, starring Lillian Russell and Selina Dolaro. There were three revivals there between 1882 and 1887. A German production was staged in Berlin in 1885.

Critical reception.

Reviewing the Paris premiere "Les Annales du théâtre et de la musique" found the libretto lightweight, sustained by Audran's "primitive" music and the splendid staging. The reviewer of "The Era" wrote:  Reviewing the London adaptation, William Beatty-Kingston wrote in "The Theatre", "There is not a spontaneous or unaffected melody in the whole work... a dull work of minute intrinsic value." "The Times" expressed regret that so intelligent an artist as Florence St John should have let herself be involved in so inane a spectacle, and added, "M. Audran's score is as feeble as the action it serves to illustrate".

Le grand mogol is an opéra bouffe with music by Edmond Audran. The opera depicts the love between an Indian prince and a young Parisienne, and the unsuccessful attempts of conspirators to thwart their romance.

Le Grand Mogol est une opérette composée par Edmond Audran sur un livret d'Alfred Duru et Henri Chivot, représentée pour la première fois le à Marseille, version révisée en 4 actes créée à Paris, au Théâtre de la Gaîté, le.


Life.

Johann Philipp Franz von Schönborn was born in Würzburg on 15 February 1673, the oldest son of (1644-1717, see List of rulers of Schönborn) and his wife, Maria Anna Sophia (or Sophie) von Boineburg (1652–1726). His uncle was Lothar Franz von Schönborn, Archbishop-Elector of Mainz from 1694 to 1729. As the oldest son, Johann Philipp Franz was slated for an ecclesiastical career from an early age. He was educated at the Jesuit school at Aschaffenburg, starting in 1681. He became a "Domizellar" canon of Würzburg Cathedral in 1682. He then studied, alongside his younger brother Friedrich Karl at the University of Würzburg, the University of Mainz, and in Rome (Collegium Germanicum), completing his studies in 1693. He was admitted to the cathedral chapter of Mainz in 1687, Bamberg in 1694 and Würzburg Cathedral in 1699. He was also named "Probst" of Frankfurt Cathedral in 1699. By the time he became "Dompropst" at Würzburg (1704) and Mainz (1714), he had already served his uncle in several diplomatic missions and had been his local representative at Erfurt.  He was elected unanimously as Prince-Bishop of Würzburg on 18 September 1719. He was an active but unconventional prince. He issued a wave of decrees and left a particular imprint on the town of Würzburg. Afraid of war, he continued construction of the new town defences and of a border fortress at Königshofen irrespective of the financial resources of the local population.  Artistically gifted, he recognized the talent of Balthasar Neumann whom he tasked with building a new residence in the town (1720). He also ordered construction of the "Schönbornkapelle" at Würzburg Cathedral. Both of these were only finished under the rule of his brother, Friedrich Karl. Johann Philipp Franz also issued a planning edict that organized construction in Würzburg (1722). He also supported the University of Würzburg, e.g. by endowing a chair in history (1720), and brought Johann Georg von Eckhart to Würzburg as court librarian. However, his at times erratic style of governing and his gruff personal manners antagonized some of his people, including the cathedral chapter. When he had a heart attack in 1724, dying at Löffelstelzen near Bad Mergentheim on 18 August 1724, some in his family assumed he had been poisoned. When the cathedral chapter of Würzburg elected a new bishop in 1724, they rejected Friedrich Karl, due to the unpopularity of his late brother. Christoph Franz von Hutten was elected Bishop of Würzburg instead, and only upon the latter's death in 1729, Friedrich Karl succeeded him as Prince-Bishop of Bamberg.  Johann Philipp Franz is buried in the "Schönbornkapelle" of Würzburg Cathedral.

Johann Philipp Franz von Schönborn (1673–1724) was the Prince-Bishop of Würzburg from 1719 to 1724. His principal claim to fame is his commissioning of the Würzburg Residence, a major work of Baroque architecture.

Johann Philipp Franz von Schönborn (né le à Wurtzbourg, mort le à Bad Mergentheim) est prince-évêque de Wurtzbourg de 1719 à 1724.


History.

An earlier building at the same location was the Turku barracks, which was destroyed in the Finnish Civil War in 1918. Lasipalatsi, designed by three young architects Viljo Revell, Heimo Riihimäki and Niilo Kokko, was built on the same site in 1936. Lasipalatsi, containing offices, restaurants and a film theatre, was originally designed as a temporary building, later to be torn down to allow a larger office building to be constructed in its place. The Varuboden grocery, Oy Siemens AB and the HOK ice cream bar were Lasipalatsi's most prominent businesses for decades. At the time of its opening, the film theatre Bio Rex was one of the biggest film theatres in the city, and many formal premieres of Finnish films were shown there.  The original plans to tear down Lasipalatsi were postponed decade after decade, but the building also wasn't renovated, because its final fate was still left open. In the 1980s, large sheets advertising the Ale Pub underlined the shameful state of the worn building. Only when the Board of Construction set a threat fee, the Apartment Bureau renovated the building's outer walls. In summer 1985, the old grayish paint was replaced with through-coloured white mortar. Helsinkians opposed the destruction of the building several times, and the Museum Bureau also supported its protection.  After decades of deterioration, Lasipalatsi was protected and renovated into a culture and media centre in 1998, also containing cafés and many corporations in the media business. The building also hosted Internet services and exhibition halls. The Yleisradio Morning TV used to be broadcast from Lasipalatsi, and next to it was the Yle Shop. The film theatre Bio Rex is specialised in showing non-mainstream cultural films.  Lasipalatsi has been included in the selection of Finnish masterpieces of modernism in architecture by the Docomomo International organization.  The building is undergoing extensive renovations as of October 2016. A new museum, Amos Rex, has been built under the Lasipalatsi square with some parts of the museum residing in Lasipalatsi.

Lasipalatsi (; meaning literally "glass palace") is a functionalist office building designed in the 1930s, located on Mannerheimintie in the Kamppi district of Helsinki, Finland. Lasipalatsi is one of Helsinki's most notable functionalist buildings.

Le Lasipalatsi (en, en ) est un immeuble, de style fonctionnaliste, situé sur Mannerheimintie dans le quartier Kamppi d'Helsinki en Finlande.


Background.

In a 2018 interview with AT5 commemorating 25 years of Mokum Records, Flamman & Abraxas revealed that their remix of the song was meant to be a joke and for the song to get played on the radio. The duo also revealed that when the song first came out, the song was insanely popular at Amnesia, a gabber club the duo opened up in Amsterdam. It reached the point where the song was requested as often as five times a night, leading the duo to contact Technohead about remixing the song due to how frequent it was played. Additionally, they added that despite the massive worldwide chart success of the song, they received no royalties due to a swap deal they did with Technohead. They made this remix for Technohead, in exchange Technohead did a remix for them, but both duo's kept the rights to their song. DJ Dano, who also did a remix of the song that was sold alongside the Flamman & Abraxas remix, didn't get any royalties either because he also made such a swap deal with Technohead.  It was also revealed in the AT5 interview that the song led to the downfall of gabber music in general when "Gabbertje" by Hakkuhbar, also released by Mokum, was released, spurring a wave of "funny gabbers" that made commercial hardcore, which showed similarities to Flamman & Abraxas' style. Despite this, Jeff "Abraxas" Porter joked that because of the remix's success and the string of number-one hits the duo had with the Party Animals, "[They] took over Mokum like Trump took over the Republican Party."

Music video.

The music video, which uses the Flamman & Abraxas mix, shows three gabbers wearing Mokum Records shirts chasing after a hippy on a bike through Vondelpark in Amsterdam with inflatable hammers. The hippy eventually escapes by walking into a funhouse mirror and disappearing. The video was directed by Matthijs Van Heyningen Jr.

Track listings.

CD Maxi-single (Europe, 1995)

Covers and parodies.

In 1996, The Smurfs released a parody of the song called "I've Got a Little Puppy" which was included on the album "The Smurfs Go Pop!" The parody charted within the top 10 in the United Kingdom, peaking at number four for two weeks in September.

"I Wanna Be a Hippy" is a song by English electronic group Technohead. The vocals were taken from David Peel's song "I Like Marijuana", which he sung in the movie Rude Awakening. It was first released in early 1995 on the Dutch hardcore techno label Mokum Records as the B side of the "Mary Jane EP". John Peel featured the track "Mary Jane" on his show on 10 February 1995, which helped give the release recognition.

Le single atteint de nombreux classements musicaux pendant plusieurs semaines, parfois consécutives, dans douze différents pays européens et ailleurs dans le monde, puis écoulé à plus de aux Pays-Bas, pays dans lequel il a été composé. Il est également certifié disque d'or au label Mokum Records, et deux fois disque d'argent aux compagnies de disque Roadrunner Records et Edel. Cependant, le deuxième membre de Technohead, Lee Newman décède le des suites d'un cancer de la peau, trois jours après la parution de leur album "", et avant d'avoir pris connaissance des certifications.


Probability of error.

The probability density function of having an error of a given size can be modelled by a Gaussian function; the mean value will be the relative sent value, and its variance will be given by:  where formula_9 is the spectral density of the noise within the band and Hr (f) is the continuous Fourier transform of the impulse response of the filter hr (f).  The probability of making an error is given by:  where, for example, formula_11 is the conditional probability of making an error given that a symbol v0 has been sent and formula_12 is the probability of sending a symbol v0.  If the probability of sending any symbol is the same, then:  If we represent all the probability density functions on the same plot against the possible value of the voltage to be transmitted, we get a picture like this (the particular case of formula_14 is shown):  The probability of making an error after a single symbol has been sent is the area of the Gaussian function falling under the functions for the other symbols. It is shown in cyan for just one of them. If we call formula_15 the area under one side of the Gaussian, the sum of all the areas will be: formula_16. The total probability of making an error can be expressed in the form:  We now have to calculate the value of formula_15. In order to do that, we can move the origin of the reference wherever we want: the area below the function will not change. We are in a situation like the one shown in the following picture:  it does not matter which Gaussian function we are considering, the area we want to calculate will be the same. The value we are looking for will be given by the following integral:  where formula_20 is the complementary error function. Putting all these results together, the probability to make an error is:  formula_21  from this formula we can easily understand that the probability to make an error decreases if the maximum amplitude of the transmitted signal or the amplification of the system becomes greater; on the other hand, it increases if the number of levels or the power of noise becomes greater.  This relationship is valid when there is no intersymbol interference, i.e. formula_22 is a Nyquist function.

Amplitude-shift keying (ASK) is a form of amplitude modulation that represents digital data as variations in the amplitude of a carrier wave. In an ASK system, the binary symbol 1 is represented by transmitting a fixed-amplitude carrier wave and fixed frequency for a bit duration of T seconds. If the signal value is 1 then the carrier signal will be transmitted; otherwise, a signal value of 0 will be transmitted.

La modulation par déplacement d'amplitude (MDA), appelée en anglais amplitude-shift keying (ASK), est un type de modulation numérique dans lequel l'amplitude du signal modulé varie.


Background.

In 1987, shortly after the release of "Tango in the Night", long-time guitarist/vocalist/producer Lindsey Buckingham had left the band. For the accompanying tour, the band recruited Billy Burnette and Rick Vito to replace him. Once the tour wrapped up, Fleetwood Mac went into the studio to record two new songs for their "Greatest Hits" compilation album, released in 1988. The new members got the opportunity to record a full album in 1989, when the band began the "Behind the Mask" sessions.  In need of a new producer, the band hired Greg Ladanyi, who had worked on some of Don Henley's solo albums. Although Buckingham did play acoustic guitar on the title track, "Behind the Mask" deviated from the ornate production found on earlier Fleetwood Mac albums in favor of adult oriented rock. As noted by Nicks, the album was easier to record compared to their other work. "It's not that we didn't take as much time, it's more that the time that we did take was quality time. so it therefore did not seem to take nearly as long."

Critical reception.

The album received very mixed reviews. AllMusic retrospectively gave the album 1.5/5 stars, their lowest rating of any Fleetwood Mac album, calling Buckingham's departure "a severe blow" for the band and saying that "the songs are among the least inspired the band ever recorded." Other critics, however, praised the new line-up. The "Los Angeles Times" gave the album 3.5/5 stars, commenting that "[w]ithout Buckingham's obsessively unique vision, the group has embraced an all-for-one, one-for-all attitude for what sounds like the most truly group effort since "Rumours", or perhaps even since 1972's "Bare Trees"." "Rolling Stone" rated it as 4/5 stars, claiming that "the addition of Rick Vito and Billy Burnette is the best thing to ever happen to Fleetwood Mac" and that "[n]ot since "Rumours" has Fleetwood Mac recorded pain so unwaveringly and sounded this together."

Behind the Mask is the fifteenth studio album by British-American rock band Fleetwood Mac, released on 9 April 1990. It was the first album released by the band after the departure of guitarist Lindsey Buckingham. He was replaced by Billy Burnette and Rick Vito, both guitar players, singers and songwriters. Fleetwood Mac thus became a six-piece band with four singer/songwriters. The album was not as successful as its predecessor, "Tango in the Night", nor did it spawn any big hit singles although "Save Me" made the US Top 40, while "Love Is Dangerous" and "Skies the Limit" enjoyed some airplay. "Save Me" and "Skies the Limit" were much more successful in Canada, where they both reached the Top 30. Though it barely reached the US Top 20, the album entered the UK Albums Chart at number 1 and achieved platinum status there. Following the album's release and subsequent world tour, bandmembers Stevie Nicks and Rick Vito left the band, though Nicks would rejoin in 1997.

Behind the Mask est le quinzième album studio de Fleetwood Mac, sorti en 1990. C'est le premier album du groupe après le départ du guitariste et compositeur Lindsey Buckingham, qui est remplacé par Rick Vito et Billy Burnette.


History.

The museum was initially established in 1882 to preserve and display Meiji Restoration-era artifacts of the Imperial Japanese Army. Following the First Sino-Japanese War and Russo-Japanese War, the Meiji Emperor issued his 192nd order in 1910, which ordered the preservation of military artifacts. The building was expanded when the number of documents and artifacts increased after World War I, but was demolished during the 1923 Great Kantō earthquake. The structure was rebuilt by Itō Chūta, reopening in 1932.  During World War II, looted weaponry was also displayed on loan from the Ministry of War, but the museum itself was closed down during the postwar period. Yasukuni Shrine lost funding from the government under the Shinto Directive issued by the Occupation Authorities, and the shrine put the museum building up for rent in order to obtain funds. In November 1947 the Fukoku Mutual Life Insurance Company signed a rent agreement with the shrine and began using it as its Kudankita office. The company left the building in 1980, and it reopened as the Yūshūkan museum on July 13, 1985. The building has undergone several renovations since then, and the outdoor exhibitions were moved indoors and re-exhibited on July 13, 2002.

General information.

The museum is open from 9:00 am to 5:30 pm from April to September, but closes at 5:00 pm from October to March. The museum is also open from 9:00 am to 9:00 pm during the regional Mitama Matsuri festival that takes place from July 13–16. Camera use is only permitted in the first floor entrance hall area and the grand exhibition hall. The admission fee is 800 yen for adults, 500 yen for college and high school students, and 300 yen for elementary school and junior-high school students.

Exhibitions.

The museum's exhibitions are centered on the shrine's dedication to the spirits of deceased Japanese soldiers. The museum also contains weaponry used by the Imperial Japanese Army, as well as Allied documents and exhibitions related to the modern Japan Self-Defense Forces and United States Forces in Japan. A cenotaph of a war horse is also located within the museum grounds.

First floor.

The first floor entrance hall can be entered free of admission, and contains an A6M Zero fighter aircraft and a Class C56 steam locomotive number C56 31 used on the Thai-Burma Railway (often known as the Death Railway). A Type 89 15 cm Cannon and Type 96 15 cm Howitzer are also displayed in this area.  The large exhibit room on the first floor contains a Yokosuka D4Y bomber and Type 97 Chi-Ha recovered from Yap Island, along with a Kaiten-type torpedo and replicas of an Ohka Model 11 aircraft and Mutsu battleship. Mementos of deceased Japanese soldiers are also shown in this room, including a uniform worn by a paratrooper, and various letters left behind by deceased soldiers. Photographs and portraits of the "Spirits of Yasukuni Shrine" (deceased Japanese soldiers) are shown at the end of the hallway.

Second floor.

The entrance hall escalator leads to the second floor exhibit room. Various war-related materials are exhibited in chronological order, including different types of swords, armor, guns, and a golden flag wielded by the Imperial Japanese Army during the Boshin War. The war flag of the 321st Imperial Japanese Army division displayed in this room is the only one of its kind that has been recovered fully intact. The floor also contains a small cinema theater, which plays various documentaries related to the shrine and modern-day Japan.

Stores.

The museum's gift shop sells regional souvenirs in addition to various books and documents concerning Yasukuni Shrine. Toy army flags and other military-related toys can also be purchased here, and English-language pamphlets are available for foreign visitors. The museum also houses a cafe where the items on the menu are created using ingredients and recipes resembling those actually used on Japanese Navy ships.

Controversy.

The museum contains revisionism in its accounts of Japan's actions in World War II, as well as glorifying Japan's aggressive militaristic past.

The is a Japanese military and war museum located within Yasukuni Shrine in Chiyoda, Tokyo. As a museum maintained by the shrine, which is dedicated to the souls of soldiers who died fighting on behalf of the Emperor of Japan, the museum contains various artifacts and documents concerning Japanese war casualties and military activity from the start of the Meiji Restoration to the end of World War II. The museum was established in 1882, and describes itself as the first and oldest war and military museum in Japan.

Le est un musée militaire situé sur le site du Yasukuni-jinja dans l'arrondissement de Chiyoda à Tokyo au Japon. Entretenu par le sanctuaire, le musée est dédié à l'âme des soldats morts au combat pour l'empereur du Japon. Il expose diverses pièces et documents sur les blessures de la guerre et l'activité militaire japonaise de la restauration de Meiji de 1868 à la fin de la guerre du Pacifique en 1945. Fondé en 1882, le musée se décrit lui-même comme le premier et le plus vieux musée militaire du Japon.


Geography.

According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of, of which is land and (0.87%) is water. The area is along the "Fall Line" that separates the Piedmont Plateau and the Atlantic Coastal Plain and is characterized by rolling hills, red clay, pine and hardwood forest, swamplands, and sand beds. The area tapers off from North to South and becomes more flat. Heading north it becomes more hilly with higher elevations.

Demographics.

As of the census of 2011, there were 6,097 people, 2,315 households, and 1,568 families residing in the city. The population density was 672.1 people per square mile (259.5/km2). There were 2,566 housing units at an average density of 283.2 per square mile (109.4/km2). The racial makeup of the city was 59.03% African American, 39.76% White, 0.11% Native American, 0.60% Asian, 0.05% Pacific Islander, 0.03% from other races, and 0.41% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 0.24% of the population.  There were 2,362 households out of which 31.8% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 37.2% were married couples living together, 25.8% had a female householder with no husband present, and 32.6% were non-families. 30.0% of all households were made up of individuals and 13.3% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.52 and the average family size was 3.13.  In the city, the population was spread out with 28.0% under the age of 18, 7.8% from 18 to 24, 26.5% from 25 to 44, 21.8% from 45 to 64, and 15.9% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 37 years. For every 100 females, there were 79.6 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 72.4 males.  The median income for a household in the city was $27,201, and the median income for a family was $32,462. Males had a median income of $36,089 versus $21,765 for females. The per capita income for the city was $18,226. About 24.3% of families and 27.5% of the population were below the poverty line, including 36.2% of those under age 18 and 24.1% of those age 65 or over.

History.

The city's original name was Saundersville, after M. Saunders, a local store owner. The settlement was located at an intersection of Native American Indian trails, and later the site of Saunders' general store. In 1796, the town was made the county seat of Washington County.  In 1864, during the Civil War, General William T. Sherman skirmished and then paused in Sandersville during his March to the Sea. Brief resistance to the advancing Union forces was centered on the courthouse. As they left, Sherman's troops burned both it and jail, but left the rest of the town intact. A new Washington County Courthouse was built in 1869.  The Sandersville Railroad was built in 1893 as a part of the Central of Georgia Railway, but still operates today as a private owned shortline that connects to Norfolk Southern Railway's Georgia Division Savannah District at Tennille, Georgia 4 miles to the South.

Economy.

The economy of Sandersville was based on agriculture, particularly cotton, for many years. In the 1950s, an industry developed based on the mining and processing of kaolin found in the area.

Education.

Washington County School District.

The Washington County School District holds pre-school to grade twelve, and consists of a primary and elementary school, a middle school, and a high school. The district has 220 full-time teachers and over 3,821 students.

Sports.

Sandersville was home to the minor league baseball teams, the Sandersville Giants (1955-1956) and Sandersville Wacos (1953-1954). Sandersville played in the Class D Georgia State League (GSL) from 1953 to 1956 and played at Sandersville Baseball Park. Baseball Hall of Fame inductee Willie McCovey played for the Sandersville Giants in 1955. The team folded along with the Georgia State League following the 1956 season. Sandersville was an affiliate of the Milwaukee Braves (1953) and New York Giants (1955-1956).

Media.

Newspaper.

Sandersville has two newspapers: "The Sandersville Progress" and "The Spotlight". They both are published weekly. The Sandersville Progress began publication in 1870.  Willie Lee Duckworth Sr., originated the "Jody" (military marching & jogging chant)

The city of Sandersville is the county seat of Washington County, Georgia, United States. The population was 5,912 at the 2010 census. It is also a part of the Central Savannah River Area.

La ville de Sandersville est le siège du comté de Washington, dans l’État de Géorgie, aux États-Unis. Lors du recensement de 2010, sa population s’élevait à. Sa population s’élevait à lors du recensement, estimée à.


Geography.

Sandersville is located in northeastern Jones County at (31.785455, -89.034572). U.S. Route 11 (Front Street) passes through the center of town, leading southwest to Laurel, the county's largest city, and northeast to Stafford Springs. Interstate 59 passes just west of the town limits, with access from Exit 104 (West Main Street). I-59 leads northeast to Meridian and southwest to Hattiesburg.  According to the United States Census Bureau, Sandersville has a total area of, of which, or 0.77%, is water.

Demographics.

As of the census of 2000, there were 789 people, 317 households, and 231 families residing in the town. The population density was 159.2 people per square mile (61.4/km2). There were 350 housing units at an average density of 70.6 per square mile (27.2/km2). The racial makeup of the town was 92.14% White, 6.84% African American, 0.89% Native American, and 0.13% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 0.13% of the population.  There were 317 households out of which 31.9% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 56.8% were married couples living together, 12.9% had a female householder with no husband present, and 27.1% were non-families. 23.3% of all households were made up of individuals and 13.6% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.49 and the average family size was 2.94.  In the town, the population was spread out with 23.2% under the age of 18, 9.8% from 18 to 24, 28.1% from 25 to 44, 22.2% from 45 to 64, and 16.7% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 39 years. For every 100 females, there were 92.9 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 84.8 males.  The median income for a household in the town was $26,538, and the median income for a family was $34,167. Males had a median income of $27,614 versus $20,313 for females. The per capita income for the town was $14,429. About 12.8% of families and 16.2% of the population were below the poverty line, including 18.3% of those under age 18 and 28.9% of those age 65 or over.

Education.

Sandersville is served by the Jones County School District.

Sandersville is a town in Jones County, Mississippi, United States. The population was 731 at the 2010 census, down from 789 at the 2000 census. It is part of the Laurel micropolitan area.

La ville américaine de Sandersville est située dans le comté de Jones, dans l’État du Mississippi. Lors du recensement de 2000, sa population s’élève à.


Early life.

Born in Honolulu, Hawaii, as the oldest of three children, Ivan, Nathan Florence, Florence grew up in Hale'iwa in an ocean-side house at Banzai Pipeline. He was introduced to surfing by his mother, Alexandra, who is a surfer herself. With his mother's help, Florence first rode on a surfboard when he was six months old, and he was surfing on his own by the age of five. His brother Nathan now competes on the Big Wave World Tour after qualifying in 2018. He married Lauryn Cribb in 2019.  He was named after John F. Kennedy, Jr., who was dubbed "John John" by the media while his father was president.

Career.

At the age of 13, standing at 4'11" and weighing 85 pounds, Florence became the youngest surfer ever to compete in the Vans Triple Crown of Surfing, which consists of three big-wave surfing contests in Hawaii. He had previously won five amateur awards, the 2003 1st NSSA Nationals Open Mini Grom, the 2005 1st NSSA Nationals Open Boy's, the 2005 NSSA Open Boys and the Explorer Menehune Champion. He did not pass the first round, but he did score higher than Shane Dorian, a professional surfer twenty years Florence's senior. Afterwards, Florence said he was "pretty scared," but that he was "happy with how [he] did". When Florence was still a youngster, pro surfer Kelly Slater said, "John John's going to know the waves on North Shore like no one we've ever seen before."  Since joining the World Surf League (WSL) and competing against the best surfers in the world, Florence has ranked 34th in 2011, 4th in 2012, 10th in 2013, 3rd in 2014, and 14th in 2015. Florence was the 2016 WSL Champion.  Florence won the prestigious SURFER POLL award in the 2014-2015 year. He has won the Volcom Pipe Pro an astonishing 4 times and has been declared the all-time ruler of this contest.  In 2011, Florence suffered a broken back while riding a wave at Pipeline. He has also had a broken wrist, broken leg, broken arm and ankle ligament tear.  According to surfer Mitch Crews, who witnessed Florence's performance at the 2014 Billabong Pro Teahupoo, "He makes it look stupidly easily no matter how big or small the wave is. He is the man out there, rules the line up and makes everyone look silly. He is the man, and most of us are not."  Florence won the Vans World Cup of Surfing in 2011 and 2013. He is the youngest contestant to have won this honor.  In October 2014, he won the Quiksilver Pro France. In February 2015, Florence won the 2015 Volcom Pipe Pro, which was his fourth win at this event in five years.  In 2013, Florence changed sponsors, joining Hurley International, after surfing for O'Neill since he was six years old. He also enjoys skateboarding, snowboarding and drawing. On January 27, 2020, John John announced he would be leaving Hurley after Hurley's owner, Bluestar Alliance, walked back John John's contract and offered him a $2,000,000 buyout deal.  He is now sponsored by: Stance, Futures, Nixon, Dakine, Clif Bar, Electric, Yeti and Pyzel surfboards.  In February 25, 2016, Florence won "The Eddie" Quiksilver Big Wave Invitational in memory of Eddie Aikau, at Waimea Bay, the first time the event ran in seven years. He is one of the only nine surfers who have won the event. On May 2016, he won the Oi Rio Pro, in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. On October 25, 2016, Florence won the Meo Rip Curl Pro, in Portugal. With the elimination of surfers, Gabriel Medina at round three and Jordy Smith out at the semifinals, destiny was reached and he clinched the world title. No one has clinched the title in Portugal since Slater in 2011.  After an absolutely dominating 2016 season, John John upped his game again during the 2017 season, alongside his new coach Ross Williams. John John's strong performances all year long made him a clear favorite to take home top honors again. In December 2017, Florence clinched his second straight world title at Pipeline, coming in second in the event to Jeremy Flores and keeping the coveted Pipeline Masters title out of his grasp for at least one more year.

Surfing films.

Done  With videography by director Blake Vincent Kueny and premiering at the House of Vans, in Brooklyn, on February 23, 2013, "Done", Florence's first surfing film, received Surfer Poll 2013 Movie of the Year Award. JJF received Surfer Poll 2013 Best Performance Award for his role in "Done".  Departure Delayed, Free to Roam, Begin Again, Again, And Again  Released in 2013, "Departure Delayed", "Free to Roam", "Begin Again", "Again", "And Again" are five shorts from Florence. "Begin Again" received Surfer Poll 2013 Short of the Year Award.  View from a Blue Moon  Released on December 1, 2015, with videography by Blake Vincent Kueny, narration by John C. Reilly, and the track "Seasick Dream" by Jack Johnson, "View from a Blue Moon" is a bio pic featuring JJ and friends at surfing spots around the world. On November 11, 2015, in association with Brain Farm, John's "View from a Blue Moon", the first surf film shot in 4k, premiered with seven screenings worldwide:  Aerial photography was provided entirely by helicopters, not drones. Although the screening occurred on November 11, 2015, which was the day before the start of the 2015 Hawai'i International Film Festival (HIFF), it was not screened at HIFF which occurred November 12–22, 2015.  Let's Be Frank  In 2016, Florence narrated the film "Let's Be Frank". A film of the big wave surfer, Frank Solomon. The film follows the story of the main characters following some clues to figure what kind of person is Frank Solomon. Florence acts like some kind of antagonist narrating the events of the movie with a deeper voice than he has. The movie has been cataloged like not a traditional surf film.  Twelve  On July 8, 2016, the first episode of this series was released. The series consists of 7 episodes, which are released approximately every month and includes Florence's quest for the first world title in his career.  The first episode shows scenes of Florence competing in the Quicksilver Big Wave Invitational also known as "The Eddie", event that took place on February 2016, which he won. It also includes scenes of the first events of the Samsung Galaxy Championship Tour that show him losing in the early rounds, promising that it will not happen anymore.

John "John John" Alexander Florence (born October 18, 1992) is an American professional surfer. He is known as "one of the most dominant Pipe surfers of his era" and won the title of 2017 World Surf League Men's Champion, making him and his arch-rival, Gabriel Medina currently even in terms of world titles. He is the first Hawaii-born surfer to win back-to-back world titles since the late Andy Irons.

John John Florence est un surfeur professionnel américain né le à Honolulu, sur l'île d'Oahu à Hawaï. Il est considéré comme l'un des plus talentueux surfeurs hawaïens de sa génération. Il devient champion du monde pour la première fois en 2016. En il remporte son deuxième titre mondial. C'est une première depuis Andy Irons qu'un surfeur remporte ses deux premiers titres mondiaux consécutivement. Il est marié à une Irlandaise depuis 2015.


History.

Establishment.

The foundation of the National Women's Soccer League was announced on November 21, 2012, with Washington selected as a host for one of the eight teams selected for the inaugural season. In December 2012, the team's name was announced as the Washington Spirit. D.C. United Women head coach Mike Jorden was kept on as well as assistant coach Cindi Harkes. Harkes is the wife of former U.S. international and D.C. United star John Harkes. Bill Lynch, the original Washington Spirit's owner when the National Women’s Soccer League launched in 2013, sold the majority of the team to tech executive Steve Baldwin in late 2018.

Inaugural season.

On January 11, 2013 as part of the NWSL Player Allocation, goalkeeper Ashlyn Harris (USA), defender Ali Krieger (USA), midfielder Lori Lindsey (USA), defender Robyn Gayle (CAN), midfielder Diana Matheson (CAN), defender Alina Garciamendez (MEX) and midfielder Teresa Worbis (MEX) were named to the team. During the February 7, 2013 NWSL Supplemental Draft, the team selected Stephanie Ochs, Tori Huster, Jordan Angeli, Natasha Kai, Megan Mischler and Heather Cooke.  The Spirit played their first competitive match on April 14, 2013, drawing Boston Breakers 1–1 with Tiffany McCarty scoring the team's first goal assisted by Stephanie Ochs.  The inaugural season saw the Spirit stumble out of the gate under Mike Jorden, who was fired after the first eleven games having won only once in that time. Jorden was replaced by Mark Parsons, who finished the season in 8th (last) place registering only 2 more wins over the season.

2014–2016 successes.

After a poor inaugural season, the Spirit would much improve in the 2014 making some key acquisitions including Jodie Taylor and Christine Nairn, both who would finish as the team's tops scorers with 11 and 8 goals, respectively. Finishing 4th, the Spirit made their first NWSL Playoff appearance. They would lose at Seattle Reign.  The Spirit finished the 2015 season with a record of 8–6–6 and repeating their 4th place league position. The playoff result, again, ended in an away loss to Seattle in the semifinals. The season would be the breakout year for Crystal Dunn who was awarded the 2015 NWSL Golden Boot Award, scoring 15 goals during the campaign. At the conclusion of the season, Mark Parsons stepped down as head coach and general manager to take over as coach of the Portland Thorns.  Building off the successes of the 2014 and 2015 seasons, the Spirit hired former Sky Blue FC manager, Jim Gabarra ahead of the 2016 season. The Spirit had their most successful season to date in 2016, being league leaders in the standings throughout most of the season. Only in the final week would the Spirit's loss finalize them as league runners-up. Earning their first post-season victory against Chicago Red Stars, the Spirit would lose the 2016 NWSL Final in penalties to Western New York Flash.

2017–present.

In the aftermath of finishing 2016 runners-up, the Spirit saw a series of key departures including captain Ali Krieger (traded to Orlando Pride), Christine Nairn and Diana Matheson (both traded to Seattle Reign), and Crystal Dunn leaving for Chelsea, while retaining her contracting rights. Unable to adequately replace these players, the Spirit struggled to compete throughout the 2017 season ultimately finishing last (10th) for the first time since the inaugural season. However, building for the future, Gabarra was able to recruit U.S. national team prospect, Mallory Pugh mid-season. Pugh would go on to lead the team in scoring, registering 6 goals in 16 games. The 2018 season continued the Spirit's pursuit of young talent, but also continued the struggle for results. On August 21, after eight straight losses and being eliminated from playoff contention, the Spirit fired head coach, Jim Gabarra, and appointed assistant coach, Tom Torres as interim head coach. Torres lead the Spirit through the final three matches of the season at home, including the Spirit's debut at newly opened Audi Field against Portland Thorns on August 25. The match set a new club record for home attendance with 7,976 fans. The season ended with the Spirit finishing in 8th place, just ahead of Sky Blue FC. During the offseason, the Spirit appointed Richie Burke as the new head coach while retaining Tom Torres on the technical staff. The announcement also noted local tech executive, Steve Baldwin had become the Spirit's new majority owner.  The 2019 Washington Spirit season marked several changes internally for Spirit organization. Owner Steve Baldwin outlined several improvements including an upgraded player experience, theme nights for fans, a gear store in the stadium, and a mascot. The 2019 season also featured major changes on the field. 15 new players were added to the Spirit roster including Australian national team members Chloe Logarzo and Amy Harrison. The Spirit surpassed their point total from the previous season on 5/18/2019 after the 5th game of the season against Portland Thorns FC. They would go on to surpass their past season's point total the next week against the Chicago Red Stars. They are currently 4th in the NWSL standings.

Colors and badge.

In January 2013, the team unveiled its new colors and badge. The badge was designed to resemble a torch reflecting the notion of "Burning with Spirit." It also contains a crown that holds 11 stars to represent the 11 players on the field and a ball with a single star to represent the 12th player (the team's fans) placed where the fuel for the torch would be representing how the fans "fuel the spirit." All of the components of the badge are "wrapped in the Banner of Spirit for a patriotic theme honoring our flag and all of those who have given their lives and sacrificed much so we can enjoy the freedoms we have."  The logo was designed by freelance designer Pete Schwadel and incorporates the team colors of navy, red, and white, further reinforcing the patriotic theme woven throughout the team's imagery. It also features both "Washington" and "DC" to represent the team's connection with the District and the greater Washington metropolitan area.

Stadium.

The Maryland SoccerPlex, located in Germantown, Maryland, has been home to the Washington Spirit since the inaugural 2013 season. The Spirit play their home games at the main stadium, named Maureen Hendricks Field in June 2013 in honor of Hendricks’ role in the development of women’s professional soccer and the SoccerPlex facility. The facility is also home to the Washington Spirit Reserves in the WPSL.  Starting during the 2018 season, the Spirit began coordinating with D.C. United to play home matches at Audi Field in Buzzard Point in Washington D.C. The Spirit played their first match on August 25 that season, hosting the Portland Thorns. The match registered the team's highest attended game and was viewed as a means to generate more interest in the team. During the 2019 season, the team announced it would host two home matches at Audi Field.  On November 12, 2019 the team announced starting with the 2020 season, Washington Spirit reached an agreement with D.C. United that will split the team's home games between three stadiums, the Maryland SoccerPlex, Audi Field and Segra Field in Leesburg, Virginia for four games each. The 2021 season will see 7 games at Audi Field and the remaining games at Segra Field. In addition, the team will relocate it's training facilities to the new D.C. United training center in Leesburg, once the facility is completed.

Supporters.

The Spirit Squadron is the name of the supporter's group for the Spirit. The group was started by three friends – Ashley Nichols, Megan Wesson and Tory Johnson. Of the group's founding, Nichols said, "... with a new league we needed to show the team as much support as possible because we really want a women's pro league to stay here in the United States. So between that and wanting to also provide a fun experience for fans, we decided to create the Spirit Squadron."

Broadcasting.

At the beginning of the 2019 season the Spirit announced a broadcast partnership with NBC Sports Washington and Monumental Sports Network.  As of April 2017, Washington Spirit games are streamed exclusively by Go90 for American audiences and via the NWSL website for international viewers. For the 2017 season, the Spirit will be featured in three nationally-televised Lifetime "NWSL Game of the Week" broadcasts on April 22, June 17, and August 19, 2017.  In 2016, the Spirit's NWSL Playoff game against the Chicago Red Stars was broadcast on Fox Sports 1 and was available for streaming on the company's online streaming platform, Fox Sports Go.

The Washington Spirit is an American professional soccer club based in the Washington, D.C. metropolitan area that participates in the National Women's Soccer League (NWSL). It is a continuation of the D.C. United Women of the W-League and continues to field both an amateur WPSL team and a youth team, both under the Spirit name. The Spirit is coached by Richie Burke.

Le Spirit de Washington (en anglais : "Washington Spirit"), est un club franchisé de soccer féminin professionnel américain basé à Washington, D.C..


Geography.

Vrahovice lies in the Hornomoravský úval. The rivers Romže, Hloučela and Valová flow through Vrahovice. The highest point in Vrahovice is Vrbatecký kopec (known locally as "Vrbák").

History.

The village was first mentioned in 1337. The first mention of a church in Vrahovice was in 1370. The church was destroyed in a large fire in 1587. A church constructed shortly after the fire was used until it was destroyed in 1831. A replacement church was built between 1831 and 1836 and financed by Jan Josef Count Seilern, the owner of the Kralice domain.  A village by the name of Trpenovice (now known as Trpinky), with a written history dating back to 1349, was combined with Vrahovice in 1466. From 1960–1973, Vrahovice also included the village of Čechůvky.  Through its history, Vrahovice has passed through the hands of several owners. In 1725, Jan Bedrich Seilern bought Vrahovice, and the Seilern family became the last to possess the village.  The first mayor of Vrahovice was Jan Frébort, who took office in 1848. The village experienced significant development during the interwar period, during the tenure of mayor Josef Stříž, when roads to Prostějov and Vrbátky and a new city hall were built. During World War II, occupying Nazi forces built an observation point on the hill above Vrahovice to monitor the railway. After World War II, there was an internment camp in the village for Germans from the Prostějov region awaiting transfer to Germany.  Between 1950 and 1954, and from 1973 until the present day, Vrahovice has been a part of Prostějov. Since the 1990s there have been advocates for its separation.  On 9 December 2004, five people were killed in the village when a truck carrying soldiers crashed into a train.

Vrahovice today.

Notable buildings.

The village has a church, Saint Bartholomew's, dating from the 19th century. Other important local buildings include a monument to the Czechoslovak Legions, an 18th-century Roman Catholic vicarage, an 18th-century statue of Saint Florian, and a brick factory built at the beginning of the 20th century.

Infrastructure.

Vrahovice has a common integrated transport system with Prostějov. Bus routes from Prostějov to Přerov and Tovačov run through the village. Vrahovice is located on the train route from Nezamyslice to Olomouc. The village train station was built in 1946.  The village has a primary school dating back to the 19th century.

Community life.

Vrahovice is home to a Sokol branch, a volunteer fire department, and Spolek za staré Vrahovice, an association dedicated to local history research, environmental protection, and the promotion of the village. The association has renamed several streets in the village after important Vrahovice inhabitants, including Josef Stříž, František Kopečný and Zdeněk Tylšar, and has created a new park, the Arboretum Vrahovice.  There are no professional sports teams in Vrahovice. In 1930, a football team, SK Vrahovice, was established, but after the 1948 communist coup d'état, the team was banned. Its players became members of another voluntary football association, Sokol Vrahovice, which is still in existence.  In 2012, an amateur dragonboat team, "", was established.

Notable residents.

Musicians Zdeněk Tylšar and Bedřich Tylšar were born in the village, and linguist František Kopečný lived there for many years. Football player Rostislav Václavíček was born in Vrahovice and played football for the local team at the beginning of his career.  Other notable natives:

In popular culture.

Jiří Bigas wrote a book, "Vrahovice 119", about a village in the Sudetenland after the Second World War. He said he named the book "Vrahovice" because he knew the village from his childhood.

Vrahovice is a village in the Olomouc Region of the Czech Republic, near Prostějov, founded in 1337. It is one of the seven administrative divisions of the city of Prostějov, with a population of 3,402 inhabitants, according to the 2001 census.

Vrahovice est un village qui fait partie de la commune de Prostějov, dans la région d'Olomouc, en République tchèque. Il compte environ habitants.


Symptoms and diagnosis.

As a result of cholinergic crisis, the muscles stop responding to the bombardment of ACh, leading to flaccid paralysis, respiratory failure, and other signs and symptoms reminiscent of organophosphate poisoning. Other symptoms include increased sweating, salivation, bronchial secretions along with miosis (constricted pupils).  This crisis may be masked by the concomitant use of atropine along with cholinesterase inhibitor in order to prevent side effects. Flaccid paralysis resulting from cholinergic crisis can be distinguished from myasthenia gravis by the use of the drug edrophonium (Tensilon) as it only worsens the paralysis caused by cholinergic crisis but strengthens the muscle in the case of myasthenia gravis. (Edrophonium is an cholinesterase inhibitor hence increases the concentration of acetylcholine present).  It is useful to remember some of the symptoms of increased cholinergic stimulation that include:

Cause.

Cholinergic crisis, sometimes known by the mnemonic "SLUDGE syndrome" ( Salivation, Lacrimation, Urination, Defecation, Gastrointestinal Distress and Emesis), can be a consequence of:

Treatment.

Some elements of the cholinergic crisis can be treated with antimuscarinic drugs like atropine or diphenhydramine, but the most important element, respiratory arrest, cannot.  The neuromuscular junction, where the brain communicates with muscles (like the diaphragm, the main breathing muscle), works by acetylcholine activating nicotinic acetylcholine receptors and leading to muscle contraction. Atropine "only" blocks muscarinic acetylcholine receptors (a different subtype than the nicotinic receptors at the neuromuscular junction), so atropine will not improve the muscle strength and ability to breathe in someone with cholinergic crisis. Such a patient will require neuromuscular blocking drugs and mechanical ventilation support via endotracheal intubation until the crisis resolves on its own. The respiratory compromise from cholinergic crisis unfortunately has no less invasive intervention.

A cholinergic crisis is an over-stimulation at a neuromuscular junction due to an excess of acetylcholine (ACh), as a result of the inactivity of the AChE enzyme, which normally breaks down acetylcholine.

Une crise cholinergique est causée par la sur-stimulation de la jonction neuromusculaire causée par l'excès d'acétylcholine (ACh). Cet excès peut être causé par l'inactivité (peut-être aussi l'inhibition) de l'enzyme AChE, qui dégrade normalement l'acétylcholine.


Intersection lineations.

Intersection lineations are linear structures formed by the intersection of any two surfaces in a three-dimensional space. The trace of bedding on an intersecting foliation plane commonly appears as colour stripes generally parallel to local fold's hinges. Intersection lineations can also be due to the intersection of two foliations.  Intersection lineations are measured in relation to the two structures which intersect to form them. For instance, according to the measurement conventions of structural geology, original bedding, S intersected by a fold's axial plane foliation, forms an intersection lineation L, with an azimuth and plunge defined by the fold. This is the typical cleavage-bedding intersection angle and is diagnostic of the plunge of the fold on all parts of the fold.

Stretching lineations.

Stretching lineations are formed by shearing of rocks during asymmetric deformation of a rock mass. Stretching lineations record primarily the vector of greatest stretch, which is perpendicular to the principle plane of shortening.  A stretching lineation may be visualised as a ball of treacle (molasses) which, when pulled, forms a cigar-shaped rod parallel to the direction in which it is pulled. This is parallel to the direction in which a shearing force, as found in a shear zone, stretches the rock. Shortening occurs at the same time as elongation but in a perpendicular sense to the stretched rod.  With reference to the image at right (top), the conglomerate pebbles most likely were deposited as sub-spherical pebbles and boulders. During deformation the rock was flattened and then stretched by movement along a ductile shear zone within which this outcrop resides. The spherical conglomerate pebbles stretched along the direction of movement of this shear zone, attaining their current somewhat flattened cigar-shaped form. The pebbles thus record important information on the orientation of the shear zone (subvertical) and the direction of movement of the shear zone, and the overall change in pebble shape from originally sub-spherical to presently elongate cigar-shaped, allows one to quantify the strain experienced by the rock mass in the geologic past.  Stretching lineations may also manifest as linear features upon pre-existing surfaces such as foliations within shear zones (see image at right, below). In such a case the lineation may not be as obvious in plan and may require measurement as a rake upon a planar surface. In this case, the two lineations are formed in the same deformation event but are manifest differently owing to the different rheologies of the deformed rocks.  Finally, the key difference between a stretching lineation and an intersection lineation is that stretching lineations carry no information on the orientation of other planar fabrics within a rock mass. In the case of the illustrated lineations within the sandstone, they do not record an earlier deformation event's foliation and cannot be used to infer orientation information for folds or original bedding.

Lineations in structural geology are linear structural features within rocks. There are several types of lineations, intersection lineations, crenulation lineations, mineral lineations and stretching lineations being the most common. Lineation field measurements are recorded as map lines with a plunge angle and azimuth.

En géologie structurale, une linéation est une structure linéaire apparaissant au sein d'une roche soumise à une déformation. Les types de linéations les plus communs sont les linéations d'intersection (par exemple, entre deux plans de schistosité ou un plan de schistosité et le plan de stratification), les linéations minérales (minéraux orientés durant les cristallisations métamorphiques) et les linéations d'étirement (ou d 'allongement). On peut également observer des linéations dues à des microplissements de la roche.


Features.

The standard Oasys comes with hardware similar to many personal computers:  It features Korg's OASYS (acronym for Open Architecture SYnthesis Studio) technology, which allows multiple synthesis engines to be used simultaneously. The OASYS also includes second-generation KARMA technology (with the first generation having first appeared in the Korg KARMA). It has either a 76 key synth-action, or 88 key hammer-action keyboard.

Options.

EXB-DI (Digital interface board)  The optional EXB-DI adds 8 channels of ADAT Optical format 24-bit 48 kHz digital output, as well as a word clock input. The EXB-DI was first made available for the Korg Triton Studio keyboard and Triton Rack module - on these units only 6 outputs are available via ADAT. Bar a few early models of the Oasys, the EXB-DI is user installable.

Synthesis engines.

As of November 24, 2009 the latest version of the OASYS OS is 1.3.3a, featuring the following synthesis engines:

HD-1.

HD-1 Program.

The HD-1 is a sample+synthesis engine with a two "oscillator" structure. In addition to the two "oscillators," an HD-1 Program contains a Vector Envelope, Common LFO (per-program as opposed to per-voice, similar to the modulation LFOs in some early polyphonic analog synths), two common key tracking generators, KARMA settings, and effects.

HD-1 Oscillator.

Each "oscillator" consists of a sample playback oscillator, dual multimode filter, nonlinear "drive" and low boost section, amp, and pan. The sample playback oscillator has four velocity zones, each of which can play a mono or stereo sample or a Wave Sequence. Velocity zones can overlap or crossfade. Korg claims very low aliasing distortion, due to the use of band limited interpolation.

Wave Sequencing.

Wave Sequences were first introduced on Korg's Wavestation synthesizer, released in 1990. Wave Sequences allow a single note to play through a list of samples, one after the other, with or without crossfades, with other associated parameters changing for each sample, as listed below. This can create smooth, evolving timbres, or rhythmic effects. Internally, Wave Sequences are implemented by using two voices; voice A plays the first sample, voice B plays the second sample, voice A plays the third sample, and so on. Other synthesizers have featured concepts which are similar in some aspects, such as PPG, Waldorf, and Access Virus wavetables, Synclavier resynthesis, and Ensoniq Transwaves and Hyperwaves (see the Ensoniq TS 10).  In the lists below, features new to the OASYS (in comparison to the Wavestation) are noted.  OASYS Wave Sequences include, for each step:  And, for the sequence as a whole:

Differences from the Wavestation.

Additions to the original Wavestation implementation include time/tempo modes, sample-locked tempo sync, constant-time crossfades in tempo mode, fade-in and fade-out shapes, swing, trigger quantization and key sync, note advance, real-time duration modulation, control of reverse and sample start point per step, and modulation outputs.

EXs.

EXs is a Korg acronym for "EXpansion Sample". They are sample sounds that come pre-loaded with OASYS. EXs-1 is a sample library with acoustic instruments including guitars, brass, piano, strings, beside others. EXs-2 is a grand piano sampled in each key with 4 velocity levels plus damper. The 1G RAM of OASYS only permits to load 1 EXs at a time, but the user can expand it to have both working at the same time.

EXs3.

EXs3 ($149) includes over 700 MB of brass and woodwind samples, perfect for orchestral and pop productions. Recorded using world-class instruments and players, the collection features piccolo, flute, alto flute, clarinet, bass clarinet, oboe, English horn, bassoon, contrabassoon, soprano sax, alto sax, tenor sax, baritone sax, trumpet, piccolo trumpet, cornet, flugelhorn, trombone, French horn, bass tuba, contrabass tuba, dual-trumpets, dual-trombones, and brass ensemble. Designed to be richly expressive, the samples include multiple dynamics, straight and vibrato versions, breathy and overblown tones, legato, staccato, trills, flutter, growl, sforzando, glissando up/down, falls, doits, voice, breath, attack elements, grace notes, and key noise elements. 128 Programs and 64 Combinations take full advantage of the new sounds.

EXi.

EXi is a Korg acronym for "EXpansion Instrument". It refers to all OASYS synth models other than the HD-1, including the AL-1, CX-3, etc.

EXi Program.

This is the Program structure for playing EXi. It is similar to that of the HD-1, but differs slightly in a few ways, such as:

AL-1.

Virtual analog synth engine.

CX-3.

A modeled tonewheel organ based on Korg's dedicated CX-3 organ keyboard. This organ mimics and in many ways enhances the sound of the Hammond organ and Leslie speaker with amplifier simulation and other enhancements.

STR-1.

A plucked string physical model that allows you to pluck, strike, scrape, or otherwise "excite" the string with 16 different "pluck" types, noise, or any of the onboard or RAM-based PCM waveforms.

LAC-1.

The optional LAC-1 Legacy Analog Collection($249.00) EXi adds the MS-20EX and PolysixEX virtual analog synthesizers.

MOD-7.

The MOD-7 ($249.00) includes six oscillators which combine simultaneous VPM (aka FM), Waveshaping, and ring modulation, plus a PCM oscillator, noise generator, audio input, two multi-mode filters, three 2-in/1-out mixers, and an input main mixer – with a patch panel for routing them together.  Note: The MOD-7 and PolysixEX/MS-20EX plug-ins are only available from www.korguser.net. Owners must register their Oasys at the site in order to purchase them. This includes providing the Public ID and serial numbers of their unit.

The Korg OASYS is a workstation synthesizer released in early 2005, 1 year after the successful Korg Triton Extreme. Unlike the Triton series, the OASYS uses a custom Linux operating system that was designed to be arbitrarily expandable via software updates, with its functionality limited only by the PC-like hardware.

L'OASYS (pour "") est un synthétiseur multimoteur produit par le constructeur japonais Korg de 2005 à 2009. Il succède au Triton et précède la série Kronos lancée en 2011.


History.

Audnedal Station was built during the Second World War under the German-administrated expansion of the Sørlandet Line west of Kristiansand. The station building was completed in 1942 after designs by Gudmund Hoel and Bjarne F. Baastad at NSB Arkitektkontor. It was originally proposed to be named Øydesland, but this was changed to Audnedal. Irregular revenue traffic commenced on the line on 17 December 1943 and the station became operative from the same day. Electric traction was introduced on 18 February 1944, ahead of ordinary traffic commencing on 1 March 1944.  The cargo annex was extended around 1950. An interlocking system became operational on 17 July 1969, allowing the station to become remotely controlled from 19 August 1969. The station became unmanned from 1 June 1970.  The station experienced a renaissance during the 2000s. At that time the station started generating commuter traffic to Kristiansand. This traffic had increased greatly and now constitutes the bulk of traffic out of the station. Ridership was 2,400 annually in 2005, rising to 17,096 in 2010. Around then the Norwegian National Rail Administration carried out a cleaning of the station, renovating the station building, asphalting the parking lot and clearing out wild growth.

Facilities.

Audnedal Station is a station on the Sørlandet Line, located from Oslo Central Station at an elevation of above mean sea level. Just west of the station, covering nearly the entire line to Snartemo Station, is the Hægebostad Tunnel, the fifth-longest railway tunnel in Norway.  The station features a passing loop. There is a main side platform serving track 1, which is long, and a island platform serving track 2. Both are tall. Most trains stop at track 2, with the longer platform, and only when trains meet at Audnedal is track 1 in use.  Like the other stations along the Sørlandet Line, the station building received a standardized design. It was built in the overall Neoclassical architecture style adapted in the 1920s. By the 1940s the designs had been altered to include elements of functionalism. Audnedal received an identical station building to that of Storekvina Station. The building is wooden with a concrete foundation. It has siding in asbestos cement and a gable roof. The building consists of a main section, where the lower story originally featured a ticketing and waiting room, and an upper story with the station master's residence. The annex was allocated cargo handling. There is also a shed housing the interlocking controls, dating from 1968. Today the station building features a waiting room and a washroom, open around the clock except from 21:00 on Saturday to 07:00 on Sunday. The upper part of the station serves as a residence. There is free parking for 30 cars at the station.

Services.

The catchment area of Audnedal Station incorporates the municipalities of Audnedal, Åseral, and Lindesnes. The station is itself located a few kilometers north of the municipal center of Konsmo.  The station is served by long-distance trains operated by Go-Ahead, counting eight daily services on weekdays, including a night train service. These operate from Oslo via Kristiansand to Stavanger. Audnedal is located within the catchment area for commuting to Kristiansand. The train uses forty minutes to Kristiansand Station. This is less than half the time used to drive, which is further hampered by congestion during rush-hour. The station had 14,600 annual passengers in 2008.

Future.

The short platforms have caused the Norwegian Railway Authority to demand that they be lengthened to and heightened to by 2019, or the station closed. The National Rail Administration has estimated the upgrades to cost 25 million Norwegian krone and has planned to carry out the upgrade by 2019.

Audnedal Station () is a railway station of the Sørlandet Line situated just north of the village of Konsmo in Lyngdal municipality in Agder county, Norway. Located from Oslo Central Station, the station is served by long-distance trains operated by Go-Ahead Norge. In addition to intercity services to Oslo and Stavanger, the eight daily trains in each direction serve as a commuter link to Kristiansand, located forty minutes away. The station features two platforms and a station building. Just west of the station is the Hægebostad Tunnel, one of the longest tunnels in Norway.

La gare d'Audnedal se situe dans la localité de Konsmo, commune de Audnedal. La gare est à 410,34 km d'Oslo. La gare fut ouverte en 1943 lorsque la Sørlandsbanen fut mise en service jusqu'à Moi. Le bâtiment de la gare fut totalement rénové en 2009 : il y a désormais une salle d'attente ouverte toute la journée.


History.

Gyland Station was built during the Second World War under the German-administrated expansion of the Sørlandet Line west of Kristiansand. It was originally proposed to be named Storeness, but this was changed to Gyland by the time the station opened in 1943. It served what was then the municipality of Gyland. Irregular revenue traffic commenced on the line on 17 December 1943 and the station became operative from the same day. Electric traction was introduced on 18 February 1944, ahead of ordinary traffic commencing on 1 March 1944.  The cargo annex was extended in 1950. An interlocking system became operational on 10 June 1969, allowing the station to become remotely controlled from 19 August 1969. The station became unmanned from 1 June 1986.  The short platforms have caused the Norwegian Railway Authority to demand that they be lengthened with 2019, or the station closed. The National Rail Administration determined in 2009 that Gyland would be one of eighteen prioritized stations which would have their platforms lengthened and heightened the same year. The work was completed in early 2010.

Facilitates.

Gyland Station is a station on the Sørlandet Line, located from Oslo Central Station at an elevation of above mean sea level. The station is located just east of the Gyland Tunnel, which runs almost the entire distance to Storekvina Station. To the west is the Fedog Tunnel. Although originally featuring four tracks, the station now consist of a passing loop. Trains normally stop at the main side platform, which is and tall. Track 2 is served by an island platform which measures in length and in height.  The station building designed by Gudmund Hoel and Bjarne F. Baastad at NSB Arkitektkontor. Like the other stations along the Sørlandet Line, the station building received a standardized design. It was built in the overall Neoclassical architecture style adapted in the 1920s. By the 1940s the designs had been altered to include elements of functionalism. The main building is wooden with a concrete foundation. It has siding in wood and a gable roof. The building consists of a main section, where the lower story originally featured a ticketing and waiting room, and an upper story with the station master's residence. The annex was allocated cargo handling.  Today the station building features a waiting room and washrooms, open around the clock except from 21:00 on Saturday to 07:00 on Sunday. There is free parking for 30 cars at the station, as well as parking facilities for bicycles.

Services.

The station is served by long-distance trains operated by Go-Ahead, counting eight daily services on weekdays, including a night train service. These operate from Oslo via Kristiansand to Stavanger. The station had 13,800 annual passengers in 2008.

Gyland Station () is a railway station of the Sørlandet Line situated at Gyland in Flekkefjord, Norway. Located from Oslo Central Station, it is served by long-distance trains operated by Go-Ahead Norge. In addition to intercity services to Oslo and Stavanger, the eight daily trains in each direction serve as a commuter link to Kristiansand, located 70 minutes away.

La gare de Gyland est une gare ferroviaire norvégienne de la ligne du Sørland, située à Gyland sur le territoire de la commune de Flekkefjord dans le comté d'Agder.


Playing career.

Following a stellar performance at the 1974 World Junior Championships, Eriksson was selected 131st overall by the Minnesota North Stars, the first Swede ever drafted by the franchise. In the following two seasons, he would continue to excel in Sweden with Leksands IF. In 1975–76, he was named to the Swedish All-Star Team, and turned in a standout performance at the World Championships, recording 15 points in 10 games. That summer, he was signed by the North Stars and set high expectations for himself with a strong performance against NHL players at the 1976 Canada Cup tournament.  A tall, classy, playmaking center, Eriksson broke into the NHL in 1976–77 with four assists in his first game to tie an NHL record. He continued on to finish the season with 25 goals and 44 assists to set a North Stars rookie record (since broken) with 69 points. He led all NHL rookies in assists and points, but finished only third in Calder Memorial Trophy voting for the league's top freshman.  In 1977–78, Eriksson continued to be one of the lone bright lights on a North Stars team which finished the season with just 18 wins. He led the team with 39 assists and 60 points, and was selected to play in the 1978 NHL All-Star Game.  Following his second season in Minnesota, Eriksson became an unrestricted free agent, and signed with the Vancouver Canucks. He was one of four Swedes to join the club for 1978–79, although he was the only one with previous NHL experience. Coming off an All-Star season in Minnesota, expectations were high, but Eriksson struggled. He found himself behind Don Lever and Thomas Gradin on the depth chart at center for the Canucks, and scored just 2 goals and 14 points in 35 games. He was ultimately released by the Canucks mid-way through the season, and finished the year in the World Hockey Association with the Winnipeg Jets. His previous offensive touch continued to elude him in Winnipeg, however, as he recorded 5 goals and 15 points in 33 games.  After the disappointment of the previous season, Eriksson returned to Sweden and Leksands IF in 1979. Aside from two years in Germany from 1980–1982, he continued to be a productive player in the Swedish Elite League for most of the 1980s. He last played in the SEL in 1989, for Västerås IK, and played a few more years in lower-tier leagues before retiring in 1992.  In 193 NHL games, Eriksson recorded 48 goals and 95 assists for 143 points, along with just 26 penalty minutes. He was also one of the most decorated Swedes of his time in international play, representing his country in five world championships between 1976 and 1983 - winning two silver medals and a bronze.

Roland Bengt Eriksson (born March 1, 1954 in Stora Tuna, Sweden) is a retired Swedish ice hockey forward who played in the National Hockey League during the late 1970s.

Roland Eriksson (né le à Borlänge en Suède) est un joueur professionnel suédois de hockey sur glace. Il évolue au poste de centre.


Patterns of nerve stimulation.

Various nerve stimulation patterns may be used in neuromuscular function monitoring and the response to these stimulation patterns is used to assess the depth of neuromuscular blockade.  Some patterns of stimulation used today include, single twitch (ST), train-of four (TOF), double burst stimulation (DBS), tetanic stimulation  and the post tetanic count.

Monitoring the response of the muscle to nerve stimulation.

The response of the muscle to stimulation of the nerve supplying it can be assessed by subjective (visual or tactile) techniques or quantitative (objective) devices that provide a numeric value relating to the depth of neuromuscular blockade.

Quantitative (objective) neuromuscular monitors.

Quantitative neuromuscular monitors can be subdivided into monitors that measure the electrical response, the compound evoked muscle action potential, and those that monitor the contractile response to stimulation. The measurement of the electrical response to muscle stimulation is called electromyography. The mechanical response to stimulation of the muscle can be measured by mechanomyography, kinemyography and acceleromyography

Consensus Statement on Perioperative Use of Neuromuscular Monitoring.

In 2018 recommendations by an international panel of experts on neuromuscular monitoring to assist anaesthesia care providers and professional organisations that develop practice advisories and guidelines regarding the minimum standards for monitoring patients that receive neuromuscular blockade (NMB) during anaesthesia. The recommendations include the following:

Anaesthetic organisations with guidelines or professional standards on neuromuscular monitoring.

The Association of Anaesthetists of Great Britain and Ireland published recommendations for standards of monitoring during anaesthesia and recovery in 2015. These included that a peripheral nerve stimulator is mandatory for all patients receiving neuromuscular blocking drugs and that they should be applied and used from induction (to confirm adequate muscle relaxation before intubation) until recovery from blockade and return of consciousness. They state that a more reliable guarantee of return of safe motor function is a train of four ratio of greater than 0.9. A quantitative neuromuscular monitor is required to accurately assess the train of four ratio.  The Australian and New Zealand College of Anaesthetists also publishes professional standards and guidelines on monitoring during anaesthesia. In respect to neuromuscular function monitoring - They state " Neuromuscular function monitoring, preferably quantitative, must be available for every patient in whom neuromuscular blockade is induced and should be used whenever the anaesthetist is considering extubation following the use of non-depolarising neuromuscular blockade."

In anesthesia, neuromuscular blocking agents may be required to facilitate endotracheal intubation and provide optimal surgical conditions. When neuromuscular blocking agents are administered, neuromuscular function of the patient must be monitored. Neuromuscular function monitoring is a technique that involves the electrical stimulation of a motor nerve and monitoring the response of the muscle supplied by that nerve. It may be used from the induction of to recovery from neuromuscular blockade. Importantly, it is used to confirm adequacy of recovery after the administration of neuromuscular blocking agents. The response of the muscles to electrical stimulation of the nerves can be recorded subjectively (qualitative) or objectively (quantitatively). Quantitative techniques include electromyography, acceleromyography, kinemyography, phonomygraphy and mechanomyography. Neuromuscular monitoring is recommended when neuromuscular-blocking drugs have been part of the general anesthesia and the doctor wishes to avoid postoperative residual curarization (PORC) in the patient, that is, the residual paralysis of muscles stemming from these drugs.

Griffin Bell, né le à Americus (Géorgie) et mort le à Atlanta (Géorgie), est un avocat et homme politique américain. Membre du Parti démocrate, il est procureur général entre 1977 et 1979 dans l'administration du président Jimmy Carter.


Early life and education.

Reeb was born in Saverne, Bas-Rhin, Alsace, to Theobald Reeb and Caroline Engel. He had a sister, Gertrude. Saverne is located about from Strasbourg.  In 1943 he received his PhD from University of Strasbourg (that had been evacuated during the war to Clermont-Ferrand) with the dissertation "Propriétés topologiques des variétés feuilletées". His adviser was Charles Ehresmann.

Career.

In 1954, he was at the Institute for Advanced Study.  In 1965 Reeb, Jean Leray and Pierre Lelong founded a series of encounters between theoretical physicists and mathematicians in Strasbourg (Rencontres entre Mathématiciens et Physiciens Théoriciens).  He was a professor at Université Joseph Fourier in Grenoble and Université Louis Pasteur in Strasbourg where he directed the Institute for Advanced Mathematical Research at University of Strasbourg between 1967 and 1972, which he founded with Jean Frenkel in 1966.  Reeb was the founder of the topological theory of foliations (Feuilletages, Blätterungen), manifolds with a special local product structure. He invented what is now called the Reeb foliation, a foliation of the 3-sphere, all the leaves of which are diffeomorphic to R, except one, which is a (compact!) 2-torus.  Reeb sphere theorem says that a compact manifold with a function with exactly two critical points is homeomorphic to the sphere. This is used to prove that the Milnor spheres, although not diffeomorphic, are homeomorphic to the sphere S, a result that came in 1956.  Other terms named for Reeb are:  Reeb received an honorary doctorate from the and from the Université de Neuchâtel.

Personal life and demise.

Reeb died in Strasbourg, France. He was 72 years old.

Georges Henri Reeb (12 November 1920 – 6 November 1993) was a French mathematician. He worked in differential topology, differential geometry, differential equations, topological dynamical systems theory and non-standard analysis.

Georges Henri Reeb, né le et mort le, est un mathématicien français. Il a travaillé sur la topologie différentielle, la géométrie différentielle, les équations différentielles, la topologie des systèmes dynamiques et l'analyse non standard.


Football career.

Villarreal.

Born in Valencia, Garrido started managing at only 24, his first club being local amateurs El Puig Club de Fútbol. In the 1998–99 season he coached CD Onda in Tercera División as the side was Villarreal CF's farm team, a club to which he would be closely associated in the following years.  In 2003, Garrido led the reserves – Onda was now an independent team – to a fourth division promotion, then was in charge of them for a couple of months in 2004, also in that tier. In late January 2008, he replaced sacked Juan Carlos Oliva at the helm of Villarreal B, eventually leading them to the 11th position in Segunda División B and achieving a first-ever Segunda División promotion the following campaign.  On 1 February 2010, Garrido was appointed first-team manager following the dismissal of Ernesto Valverde after a 0–2 home loss against CA Osasuna. On 26 April, before the season in La Liga was over, he was handed a contract set to expire in June 2011; The side finished in seventh position but, after RCD Mallorca were deemed ineligible for participation in the UEFA Europa League by UEFA due to financial irregularities, the Valencians took their place.  In his first full season at the helm of Villarreal, Garrido led the club to the fourth place in the league, with the subsequent qualification to the UEFA Champions League. The team also reached the semi-finals in the Europa League, being ousted by eventual winners FC Porto.  In 2011–12, Garrido and Villarreal could not manage one single point in the Champions League, and the latter ranked dangerously close to the relegation zone in the league in that period. On 21 December 2011, following a 0–2 home loss against CD Mirandés in the round of 32 of the Copa del Rey (1–3 on aggregate), he was sacked.

Club Brugge / Betis.

On 15 November 2012, Garrido replaced fired Georges Leekens at Club Brugge KV. He was relieved of his duties in September of the following year, replacing fired Pepe Mel at the helm of Real Betis two months later; on 19 January 2014, after only nine official matches and only one win, he was himself sacked after three consecutive losses – the last one in the league 0–5 at home to Real Madrid – and with the Andalusians ranking dead last.

Africa / Arabia.

On 8 July 2014, Garrido was appointed at Al Ahly SC in the Egyptian Premier League. Late into the month, he led his new team to a 1–0 win against Séwé FC for the CAF Confederation Cup which the club eventually won, also conquering the Egyptian Super Cup; on 3 May 2015, however, he was dismissed.  On 6 November 2016, Garrido was appointed manager of Ettifaq FC in the Saudi Professional League, signing a seven-month deal with an option for another season according to result and team performance. He was relieved of his duties the following February, with the side in eighth place after 22 matches.  Garrido switched clubs and countries again in June 2017, joining Raja Casablanca from Morocco. His first game in charge of the latter took place on 10 September, in a 1–1 away draw against Olympique Club de Khouribga. He won the year's Throne Cup with a penalty shootout victory over Difaâ Hassani El Jadidi on 18 November, and a year later the CAF Confederation Cup with a 4–3 aggregate win over AS Vita Club from the Democratic Republic of the Congo.  A month after being sacked by Raja, in February 2019 Garrido replaced Zoran Mamić at UAE Pro League club Al Ain FC for the rest of the season. At its closure, he was succeeded by another Croat, Ivan Leko.  On 20 November 2019, Garrido was hired by Tunisia's Étoile Sportive du Sahel on a deal until June 2021. Less than three months later, however, he was dismissed due to poor results.  On 25 February 2020, Garrido signed with Moroccan club Wydad AC.

Honours.

Al Ahly  Raja Casablanca

Juan Carlos Garrido Fernández (born 29 March 1969) is a Spanish football manager, currently in charge of Moroccan club Wydad AC.

Juan Carlos Garrido, né à Valence le, est un entraîneur de football. Il s'est fait connaître en amenant le Villarreal CF à la quatrième place du championnat en 2010-2011 et en demi-finales de la Ligue Europa la même saison.