Club career.

Bologna.

Born in Bologna, Gamberini made his professional – and Serie A – debut with Bologna F.C. 1909 in 1999–2000, in a 1–3 away defeat against S.S. Lazio on 9 January 2000. He remained there for six seasons, a one-year loan to Hellas Verona F.C. notwithstanding.  In the 2000 off-season, Gamberini was acquired by Juventus F.C. alongside Alex Pederzoli and Giacomo Cipriani in a pack deal for €5.16 million, in exchange for the remaining 50% of Jonatan Binotto's registration rights for the same amount, with 50% of Gamberini's rights being priced at €2.32 million. His co-ownership deal was terminated in the favour of Bologna in June 2002, for a peppercorn fee, making the Turin side register a loss of €1.5 million (the residual unamortised transfer fee of €4.64 in three years), but with a financial income of €2.32 million as "Juve" did not have to pay the remaining 50% registration rights.

Fiorentina.

Following Bologna's relegation in 2005, Gamberini moved to ACF Fiorentina for €3.2 million, carving a starting XI niche in his second year as the "Viola" eventually qualified twice for the UEFA Champions League. On 4 March 2007, he scored two goals in a 5–1 home win over Torino FC, his first in 134 professional appearances.  At the end of 2007–08, Gamberini was voted as Fiorentina's player of the campaign. In February 2010, he was sidelined for three months after undergoing shoulder surgery.  In July 2011, Gamberini became Fiorentina's new captain as Riccardo Montolivo was stripped of that role.

Napoli.

In July 2012, aged 31, Gamberini signed with S.S.C. Napoli along with teammate Valon Behrami, in a combined deal of around €8.5 million. He spent 2013–14 on loan to Genoa CFC.

Chievo.

On 24 July 2014, Gamberini was sold to A.C. ChievoVerona. He scored his first and only league goal for them on 11 September 2016, helping the hosts earn one point following the 1–1 home draw to Lazio.  On 3 July 2018, 36-year-old Gamberini confirmed his retirement from professional football.

International career.

Gamberini was a member of the Italian under-21 team that won the 2004 UEFA European Championship under Claudio Gentile. He made his debut with the full side in a 2–0 friendly win against South Africa, on 17 October 2007.  Gamberini was not included in the original squad for UEFA Euro 2008, but was called up after captain Fabio Cannavaro tore ankle ligaments after a collision with teammate Giorgio Chiellini in training, on 2 June. He was not used during the competition, however.  Gamberini was selected by Marcello Lippi for the 2009 FIFA Confederations Cup tournament, but once again failed to make an appearance as the nation was eliminated in the first round.

Style of play.

A reliable and physically strong centre-back, Gamberini was known in particular for his tackling ability and aerial prowess.

Alessandro Gamberini (; born 27 August 1981) is a former Italian footballer who played as a central defender. He spent most of his professional career with Fiorentina, appearing in 224 official games over the course of seven seasons. In Serie A, he also appeared for Bologna, Napoli, Genoa and Chievo.

Alessandro Gamberini (né le à Bologne) est un footballeur international italien qui joue actuellement au poste de défenseur pour le Chievo Vérone.


Personal Life.

Benoit was born in Lafayette, Louisiana. He played high school basketball at Lafayette High School (Louisiana) and also had his jersey retired there. Benoit played in the NJCAA for Tyler Junior College, from 1986 to 1988. His last two years of college basketball were spent with the University of Alabama's Crimson Tide. He is also cousins with ex UFC champion Daniel Cormier

Professional career.

Utah Jazz.

Benoit was not selected in the 1990 NBA draft, playing his first professional season in Spain. In the following year, he joined the Utah Jazz as a free agent, and would post interesting numbers during his five-season spell.  In 1993, Benoit participated in the NBA Slam Dunk Contest, where he finished fourth out of eight contestants. During the 1994–95 season, he achieved a career-best 10 points and five rebounds per game in 71 regular season contests, to which he added 12 and six in the postseason's first round, as the Jazz were downed 2–3 by the eventual champion Houston Rockets.

New Jersey/Orlando.

After losing his starting position to Chris Morris, Benoit left the Jazz in the 1996 summer, and signed with the New Jersey Nets. He spent his first season in the sidelines, due to injury.  In early 1998, Benoit was traded, alongside Yinka Dare and Kevin Edwards, to the Orlando Magic, for Brian Evans and Rony Seikaly, appearing in 24 games and averaging six points. He left the United States to play with Maccabi Tel-Aviv in Israel, due in part to the 1998 NBA lockout, and remained there for two years.

Jazz return.

In 2000, Benoit returned to the team where he began his career. Now only a fringe player, he averaged 3.6 points in 49 games, as the Jazz once again qualified for the playoffs.  After leaving the NBA at the age of 33 (with averages of exactly seven points and four rebounds, in 492 games), Benoit played for the Shanghai Sharks alongside Yao Ming in the Chinese Basketball Association, winning the 2001-02 league championship. He spent four of the last five seasons of his career in the Japan Basketball League.

Head coaching record.

David Benoit (born May 9, 1968) is an American former professional basketball player, in the small forward position. During his career, he played eight years in the National Basketball Association (NBA), six as a member of the Utah Jazz.

David Benoit (né le à Lafayette en Louisiane) est un ancien joueur américain de basket-ball qui jouait au poste d'ailier. Jouant actuellement au Japon, il disputa sept saisons en National Basketball Association (NBA), dont six avec les Jazz de l'Utah.


Experimental use.

The monochord can be used to illustrate the mathematical properties of musical pitch and to illustrate Mersenne's laws regarding string length and tension: "essentially a tool for measuring musical intervals". For example, when a monochord's string is open it vibrates at a particular frequency and produces a pitch. When the length of the string is halved, and plucked, it produces a pitch an octave higher and the string vibrates at twice the frequency of the original (2:1). Half of this length will produce a pitch two octaves higher than the original—four times the initial frequency (4:1)—and so on. Standard diatonic Pythagorean tuning (Ptolemy's Diatonic Ditonic) is easily derived starting from superparticular ratios, (n+1)/n, constructed from the first four counting numbers, the tetractys, measured out on a monochord. The mathematics involved include the multiplication table, least common multiples, and prime and composite numbers.  "As the name implies, only one string is needed to do the experiments; but, since ancient times, several strings were used, all tuned in exact unison, each with a moveable bridge, so that various intervals can be compared to each other." A "bichord instrument" is one, "having two strings in unison for each note [a course]," such as the mandolin. With two strings one can easily demonstrate how various musical intervals sound. Both open strings are tuned to the same pitch, and then the movable bridge is put in a mathematical position on the second string to demonstrate, for instance, the major third (at 4/5th of the string length) or the minor third (at 5/6th of the string length).  Many contemporary composers focused on microtonality and just intonation such as Harry Partch, Ivor Darreg, Tony Conrad, Glenn Branca, Bart Hopkin, and Yuri Landman constructed multistring variants of sonometers with movable bridges.

Instruments.

Parts of a monochord include a tuning peg, nut, string, moveable bridge, fixed bridge, calibration marks, belly or resonating box, and an end pin.  Instruments derived from the monochord (or its moveable bridge) include the guqin, dan bau, koto, vina, hurdy-gurdy, and clavichord ("hence all keyboard instruments"). A monopipe is the wind instrument version of a monochord; a variable open pipe which can produce variable pitches, a sliding cylinder with the numbers of the monochord marked. End correction must be used with this method, to achieve accuracy.

Monochord practitioners.

The monochord is mentioned in Sumerian writings, and, according to some, was reinvented by Pythagoras (sixth century BCE). Dolge attributes the invention of the moveable bridge to Guido of Arezzo around 1000 CE.  In 1618, Robert Fludd devised a mundane monochord (also celestial or divine monochord) that linked the Ptolemaic universe to musical intervals. "Was it [Mersenne's discoveries through use of the monochord (1637)] physical intuition or a Pythagorean confidence in the importance of small whole numbers?... It was the latter."  The psalmodicon, a similar instrument but with a chromatic fret board replacing the moveable bridge, was developed in Denmark in the 1820s and became widespread throughout Scandinavia in churches as an alternative to the organ. Scandinavian immigrants also brought it to the United States. It became quite rare by the latter 20th century, but more recently has been revived by folk musicians.  An image of the celestial monochord was used on the 1952 cover of "Anthology of American Folk Music" by Harry Everett Smith and in the 1977 book "The Cosmographical Glass: Renaissance Diagrams of the Universe" (p. 133) by S. K. Heninger, Jr.,. A reproduction of the monochordum mundanum (mundane monochord) illustration from page 90 of Robert Fludd's "Utriusque Cosmi, Maioris scilicet et Minoris, Metaphysica, Physica, Atque Technica Historia" ("Tomus Primus"), 1617, was used as the cover art for Kepler Quartet's 2011 audio CD, "Ben Johnston: String Quartets Nos. 1, 5 & 10" (New World Records Cat. No. 80693), which is classical music that uses pitch ratios extended to higher partials beyond the standard Pythagorean tuning system.  A modern playing technique used in experimental rock as well as contemporary classical music is 3rd bridge. This technique shares the same mechanism as used on the monochord, by dividing the string into two sections with an additional bridge.

Sonometer.

A sonometer is a diagnostic instrument used to measure the tension, frequency or density of vibrations. They are used in medical settings to test both hearing and bone density. A sonometer, or audiometer, is used to determine hearing sensitivity, while a clinical bone sonometer measures bone density to help determine such conditions as the risk of osteoporosis.  In audiology, the device is used to test for hearing loss and other disorders of the ear. The audiometer measures the ability to hear sounds at frequencies normally detectable by the human ear. Several test are usually conducted using the audiometer which will then be used to assess hearing ability. Results typically are recorded on a chart known as an audiogram.  A clinical bone sonometer is a device which tests for the risk of bone fractures associated with osteoporosis. This test, called an ultrasound bone densitometry screening, is not typically used for diagnostic purposes; it is generally used as a risk assessment tool. Testing is often recommended for those whose personal history indicates a possible high risk for osteoporosis. Testing is usually conducted by an orthopedist, rheumatologist or neurologist specializing in the treatment of osteoporosis. The patient simply places his or her heel in the sonometer, and it is then scanned using ultrasound to determine bone density. This is a fast and low-cost procedure generally lasting 30 seconds or less. Results typically are available immediately following the procedure. Two score results are possible: a T-score, which compares a patient's scan against that of a young person of the same gender; and a Z-score, which compares the scan against someone of similar age, weight and gender. The T-scores results are used to assess the risk of osteoporosis. A score above -1 indicates a low risk for osteoporosis; below -1 to -2.5 indicates a risk of developing osteoporosis; and a score below -2.5 indicates more intensive testing should be performed and that osteoporosis is likely present. The Z-score reports how much bone the patient has as compared to others his age. If this number is high or low, further testing may be ordered.

A monochord, also known as sonometer (see below), is an ancient musical and scientific laboratory instrument, involving one (mono-) string (chord). The term "monochord" is sometimes used as the class-name for any musical stringed instrument having only one string and a stick shaped body, also known as musical bows. According to the Hornbostel–Sachs system, string bows are bar zithers (311.1) while monochords are traditionally board zithers (314). The "harmonical canon", or monochord is, at its least, "merely a string having a board under it of exactly the same length, upon which may be delineated the points at which the string must be stopped to give certain notes," allowing comparison.

Le monocorde est un instrument de musique constitué d'une caisse de résonance et d'une corde unique séparée en deux parties par un chevalet mobile. Il sert en particulier à comprendre les rapports de hauteurs entre les intervalles musicaux


The Imajinary Friends.

Hollywood had been involved with the neo-psychedelic/surrealist rock band, The Imajinary Friends, that spawned from the original line-up of The Brian Jonestown Massacre in 1993. The band consisted of Travis Threlkel, Ricky Maymi (both from The BJM), Matt Hollywood, Graham Bonnar (of Swervedriver) and Tim Digulla (later of Tipsy). The band recorded its debut album "Lunchtime In Infinity" on Bomp! Records in 1994. Hollywood left the band due to his full-time commitment to The BJM and was replaced by Jeremy Davies (brother of founding BJM-member Jeff Davies).

The Brian Jonestown Massacre.

Matt Hollywood was a founding member of neo-psychedelic rock band, The Brian Jonestown Massacre, with the initial line-up of Anton Newcombe (guitar/vocals), Travis Threlkel (guitar), Ricky Maymi (drums), Jeff Davies (guitar) and Hollywood (bass).  Hollywood was a member of The BJM for roughly seven years as mainly a bass guitar player, but was also known to play acoustically at times. Over this period, Hollywood contributed many musical ideas to the band. He composed and sang several of The BJM's songs, most notably "Oh Lord", "Maybe Tomorrow", "No Come Down" and "Not if You Were the Last Dandy on Earth"; the latter of which parodied The Dandy Warhols' single "Not if You Were the Last Junkie on Earth", and led many people to believe the 'Warhols and The BJM were fighting. Hollywood has said of the song: "It always amazed me how this song got taken as evidence that Anton (Newcombe) was'stalking' the Dandys - since he didn't even write it." The song was featured in the Jim Jarmusch film "Broken Flowers".  He appears on the 2004 documentary "DiG!" with The BJM, which also includes footage of the onstage altercation that led to his departure from the band.  In 2010, it was reported that he has returned to the studio with The Brian Jonestown Massacre and is once again a full-time member.  In 2014, Hollywood announced his first solo show taking place December 26 in Atlanta, Georgia. He will be backed by Atlanta-based rock and roll band reverends.

Post-BJM.

Magic Fingers.

Before forming The Out Crowd, Hollywood was in Magic Fingers with Eric Hedford (of The Dandy Warhols and We Are Telephone) and Spike Keating (of Swoon 23 and Black Rebel Motorcycle Club).

The Out Crowd.

Hollywood formed the indie rock band The Out Crowd in late 2001 with drummer Stuart Valentine, guitarist Elliott Barnes and tambourine player Sarah Jane.  The group released their debut album "Go on, Give a Damn" which was produced by Gregg Williams (The Dandy Warhols) in early 2003. Their follow up "Then I Saw The Holy City" was produced by Brian Coates and released in the fall of 2004. Hollywood confirmed that the band broke up in 2006.

Matt Hollywood (born June 11, 1973) is an American indie rock guitarist and singer. He was a founding member and leader of the Portland-based indie rock band The Out Crowd, as well as a founding member of the psychedelic rock band The Brian Jonestown Massacre. He currently fronts the drone rock band The Rebel Drones.

Matt Hollywood, né à Syracuse dans l'État de New York le, est un chanteur, guitariste, bassiste, auteur et compositeur américain. Ancien membre du groupe The Brian Jonestown Massacre jusqu'en 2001 et membre-fondateur de la formation The Out Crowd, groupe de rock basé à Portland, Oregon, il a également fait partie du groupe de rock The Rebel Drones.


Département de l'information du Comité central du Parti communiste chinois

Name.

The CCPPD has several Chinese names with various different English translations, it is officially the "Zhōngguó Gòngchăndǎng Zhōngyāng Wěiyuánhuì Xuānchuánbù" "Chinese Communist Party Central Committee Propaganda Department" or "Zhōnggòng Zhōngyāng Xuānchuánbù" "Chinese Communist Party Central Propaganda Department" or "Central Propaganda Department of the Communist Party of China", colloquially abbreviated as the "Zhōnggòng Xuānchuánbù" "Chinese Communist Party Propaganda Department" or "Propaganda Department of the Communist Party of China", or simply "Zhōng xuānbù" 中宣部.  The term "xuanchuan" (宣传 "propaganda; publicity") can have either a neutral connotation in official government contexts or a pejorative connotation in informal contexts. Some "xuanchuan" collocations usually refer to "propaganda" (e.g., "xuānchuánzhàn" 宣传战 "propaganda war"), others to "publicity" ("xuānchuán méijiè" 宣传媒介 "mass media; means of publicity"), and still others are ambiguous ("xuānchuányuán" 宣传员 "propagandist; publicist").  The "Zhōnggòng Zhōngyāng Xuānchuán Bù" changed its official English name from "Propaganda Department of the Communist Party of China" to "Publicity Department of the Communist Party of China". As China's involvement in world affairs grew in the 1990s, the CCP became sensitive to the negative connotations of the English translation "propaganda" for "xuanchuan". Official replacement translations include "publicity", "information", and "political communication" When Ding Guan'gen traveled abroad on official visits, he was known as the Minister of Information.

Function.

The Publicity Department has a "direct leadership ("lingdao" - "领导")" role in the media control system, working with other organizations like the State Administration of Radio, Film, and Television and the General Administration of Press and Publication. Its scope is to control licensing of media outlets, and to give instructions to the media on what is and what is not to be said, especially about certain "delicate" issues, like Taiwan, Tibet, etc., that can affect state security, or the rule of the Communist Party. Its central offices are located in an unmarked building near the Zhongnanhai at 5 West Chang'an Avenue, although the department has offices throughout the country at the provincial, municipal, and county level.  The editors-in-chief of China's major media outlets must attend the department's central office weekly to receive instructions on which stories should be emphasized, downplayed, or not reported at all. These instructions are not normally known to the public, but are communicated to media workers at the weekly meeting or via secret bulletins. However, since the rise of social networking tools, Publicity Department instructions have been leaked to the internet. Examples include "All websites need to use bright red color to promote a celebratory atmosphere [of the 60th anniversary of the People's Republic]" and "negative reports... not exceed 30 per cent".  Such directives are considered imperative, and are enforced by disciplines within the Party, as all media in China are required to be loyal to the Party, and are to serve as propaganda organs for the Party in principle. Operational and reporting freedom has significantly increased in the Chinese media in the recent decade. However, open defiance against the Publicity Department directives is rare, as dissenting media organizations risk severe punishment, including restructuring or closure. In 2000, a system of warnings was introduced for individual journalists, whereby repeat offenses can lead to dismissal. Chinese journalists disclosing Publicity Department directives to foreign media may be charged with "divulging state secrets."  One important way the Publicity Department ensures that the media system remains well controlled is by ensuring that the boundaries of acceptable reporting are kept "deliberately fuzzy" in an effort to ensure that "news workers self-censor to a critical degree."

Role in monitoring media personnel.

According to a report from the U.S. government-backed Freedom House, the Central Publicity Department is the most important institution for monitoring media personnel and controlling the content of print and visual media.  The Central Publicity Department was reported as playing a key role in monitoring editors and journalists through a national registration system. In 2003, the CPD, along with the GAPP and the SARFT, required Chinese journalists to attend nearly 50 hours of training on Marxism, the role of CCP leadership in the media, copyright law, libel law, national security law, regulations governing news content, and journalistic ethics prior to renewing press identification passes in 2003. The report states that media personnel are required to participate in "ideological training sessions", where they are evaluated for their "loyalty to the party." Further "political indoctrination" courses are said to occur at meetings and training retreats to study party political ideology, and the role of the media in "thought work" ("sīxiǎng gōngzuò" 思想工作).  It has been noted the CPD's monitoring system largely applies to news regarding politics and current affairs. 90 percent of China's newspapers consists of light stories regarding sport and entertainment, which are rarely regulated.

Structure.

A 1977 directive on the re-establishment of the Central Publicity Department reveals the structure and organization of the "extremely secretive" body, according to Anne-Marie Brady. The directive states that the Department will be set up with one Director and several deputies, and the organizational structure will be set up with one office and five bureaus. The office is in charge of political, secretarial and administrative work, and the five bureaus are: the Bureau of Theory, Bureau of Propaganda and Education, Bureau of Arts and Culture, Bureau of News, and Bureau of Publishing. The directive states that the staff will be fixed at around 200 personnel, selected from propaganda apparatchiks across the country in consultation with the Central Organization Department.  The leadership of the Publicity Department is selected with guidance from General Secretary Hu Jintao and the Politburo Standing Committee member responsible for the media, Li Changchun, while local branches of the Publicity Department work with lower levels of the party-state hierarchy to transmit content priorities to the media.  New departments and offices were set up in 2004 to deal with the growing demands of information control in the modern era. One, the Bureau of Public Opinion, is in charge of commissioning public opinion surveys and other relevant research.

The Publicity Department of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China, or CCPPD, is an internal division of the Communist Party of China in charge of ideology-related work, as well as its information dissemination system. The department is one of many entities that enforces media censorship and control in the People's Republic of China.

Le département de l'information du Comité central du Parti communiste chinois (chinois:中共中央宣传部) est une section interne du Parti communiste chinois, et n'est donc pas formellement considéré comme une partie du Conseil des affaires de l'État de la république populaire de Chine. Cependant, ce département est le bureau le plus important "de facto" pour appliquer la censure des médias et contrôler la république populaire de Chine, ainsi que pour prendre en charge la propagande de la république populaire de Chine, bien qu'aucune loi de l'Etat ne lui donne explicitement une telle autorité.


The detention of Napoleon I.

Following his defeat at Waterloo, Napoleon was exiled and deported by the British to the island of Saint Helena, where he landed in 1815. Napoleon's arrival occasioned an increase of the population of the island: near soldiers and 500 sailors of the war flotilla, as well as the officials of the British government, accompanied by their families, not forgetting the small French colony which lived in the circle of acquaintances of Napoleon Ier. Furthermore, the British, being afraid of a landing of French sailors to free the prisoner as at Elba, claimed Ascension Island - up to then uninhabited - to establish a naval garrison there.  Napoleon died on 5 May 1821. The next day, the governor of the island, Sir Hudson Lowe, although in perpetual conflict with his former prisoner, personally came to make sure of his death and declared then to his circle of acquaintances: "He was England’s greatest enemy, and mine too, but I forgive him everything. On the death of a great man like him, we should feel only deep concern and regret."  In accordance with his last wishes, Napoleon was interred on 9 May 1821 near a spring, in what was then known as the Valley of the Geranium, but has since been called the "Valley of the Tomb ". On 27 May 1821, all the remaining French officials left the island. Nineteen years after Napoleon's death, King Louis-Philippe was able to obtain from the United Kingdom the return of remains of the ex-emperor. The exhumation of Napoleon's body took place on 15 October 1840; he was then repatriated to France and interred in the Invalides, in Paris.  From 1854, the Emperor Napoleon III negotiated with the British government the purchase of Longwood House and of the valley of the Grave, which became French properties in 1858, under the name of "French Domains of Saint-Helena" and managed since by the French Foreign Ministry. The small pavilion Briars, the emperor's first house on the island, was added to the domain in 1959, when its last owner donated it to France.

The French domains of Saint-Helena are an estate of 14 ha (35 acres or 0.14 km2) in three separate parts owned by France on the British island of Saint Helena. Three French properties are under the administration of the French Foreign Ministry which undertakes their management and maintenance. These consist of :

Les domaines français de Sainte-Hélène constituent un ensemble de propriétés réparties sur 14 hectares situés sur l'île de Sainte-Hélène, en territoire britannique. Ils regroupent des possessions ayant un rapport avec l'exil de Napoléon à Sainte-Hélène : depuis 1858, la Longwood House et la vallée du Tombeau dans le district de Longwood ainsi que, depuis 1959, le pavillon des Briars dans celui d'Alarm Forest.


Content.

The album has a more polished feel than the albums she recorded with Big Brother and the Holding Company and the Kozmic Blues Band due to the expertise of producer Paul A. Rothchild and her new backing musicians. Rothchild was best known as the recording studio producer of The Doors, and worked well with Joplin, calling her a producer's dream. Together they were able to craft an album that showcased her extraordinary vocal talents. They used Sunset Sound Recorders in Los Angeles.  The Full Tilt Boogie Band were the musicians who accompanied her on the Festival Express, a concert tour by train of Canada, in the summer of 1970. Many of the songs on this album were recorded on the concert stage in Canada two months before Joplin and the band started their Los Angeles recording sessions. The band also appeared twice on "The Dick Cavett Show". They also played many American cities, both before and after Festival Express, although no recordings of those concerts have been officially released.  All nine tracks that she sings on were personally approved and arranged by Joplin. "Pearl" features the number one hit "Me and Bobby McGee", on which she played acoustic guitar, written by Kris Kristofferson and Fred Foster; "Trust Me", by Bobby Womack, written for Joplin; Howard Tate's "Get It While You Can", showcasing her vocal range; and the original songs "Move Over" and "Mercedes Benz", the latter co-written by Joplin, Bobby Neuwirth and Michael McClure.  Joplin sang on all tracks except "Buried Alive in the Blues", which remained an instrumental because she died before recording vocals. The song's writer Nick Gravenites was offered the opportunity to sing it as a tribute to Joplin, but he turned it down. The recording sessions, starting in early September, ended with Joplin's untimely death on October 4, 1970. Her final session, which took place on Thursday, October 1 after a break of several days, yielded her a cappella "Mercedes Benz." It was the last song she recorded before her death.  The album cover, photographed by Barry Feinstein in Los Angeles, shows Joplin reclining on her Victorian era loveseat with a drink in her hand.

Legacy.

A reissue of "Pearl" remastered for CD was released August 31, 1999. It included four previously unreleased live recordings from the Festival Express Tour, recorded on July 4, 1970, as bonus tracks. In 2003, the album was ranked number 122 on "Rolling Stone" magazine's list of the 500 greatest albums of all time, moving to 125 in a 2012 revised listing. A two-disc Legacy Edition appeared on June 14, 2005, with bonus tracks including a birthday message to John Lennon of "Happy Trails," and a reunion of the Full Tilt Boogie Band in an instrumental tribute to Joplin. The second disc included an expanded set from the Festival Express Tour, recorded between June 28 and July 4, 1970.

The Pearl Sessions.

The album was reissued a third time on disc in 2012 as "The Pearl Sessions". It contains alternate takes of the songs that constituted the "Pearl" vinyl album when Columbia Records released it in 1971. Recordings of Joplin and Paul Rothchild talking between takes give the listener insight into their creative musical process.

Personnel.

Full Tilt Boogie Band Additional personnel  Technical

Pearl is the second and final solo studio album by Janis Joplin, released posthumously in January 1971. It was the final album with her direct participation, and the only Joplin album recorded with the Full Tilt Boogie Band, her final touring unit. It peaked at number one on the "Billboard" 200, holding that spot for nine weeks. It has been certified quadruple platinum by the RIAA.

Pearl est le second album studio en solo de Janis Joplin et le seul avec le Full Tilt Boogie Band. Il a été publié à titre posthume le sur le label Columbia Records et a été produit par Paul A. Rothchild.


Plot.

Small and quiet Sam admits to his older brother Rocky that the school bully George has hurt him because he moved George's video camera while George was filming himself playing basketball. Rocky tells his friends, reserved Clyde and troubled Marty, and they devise a plan for revenge. Part of the prank entails taking George on a boating trip to celebrate Sam's fictional birthday. Then, they will get him to strip in a game of truth or dare, throw him in the river, then make him run home naked.  Sam invites his new girlfriend Millie along and all five of them are driven to the river by Marty. During the ride, George reveals a different side by being genuinely pleased to be invited; the group also learns he is dyslexic. However, Sam does not tell Millie the real plan until they arrive near the river. Millie refuses to continue until Sam promises to call the plan off. Sam tells Rocky, who then tells Clyde and Marty. Although Clyde has no problem, Marty is very reluctant. Throughout the trip, George clumsily attempts to fit in with the group. Despite this, he also gets confrontational when questioned about his motives (or lack thereof). The group soon realize although George is annoying and insecure, he is very lonely and just wants to be socially accepted.  On the boat, Marty deviates from the others' plan and initiates a game of truth or dare, though the rest decide to go along. After George shoots Marty with a water gun in good fun, he makes a funny quip about Marty's father, not remembering that it is a sore subject as Marty's father committed suicide years ago. This sets off Marty, who exposes the whole plan and starts to ridicule George. Angered and humiliated, George launches into a vulgar tirade against everyone else, ending by crudely mocking Marty's deceased father and Clyde's two gay fathers. Marty snaps and Rocky, in an attempt to stop the fight, accidentally pushes George off the boat instead.  Unable to swim, George struggles to remain afloat in the water. As the others regard the scene in horror, George accidentally hits his head with his video camera and does not come to the surface. Rocky dives into the water and finds George, who appears face down in the shallow water close to the shore. Millie attempts to give George CPR but is too late as he had already died. The group is traumatized and in fear of being incarcerated. They dig a hole and bury George's body.  Clyde's plan is to explain that it was an accident but Marty threatens him, reminding Clyde that George's camera (now lost in the water) contains Marty's taped confession of the original plan and the authorities will find out if the camera is discovered. As they had already tricked George into not telling his mother where he was going, she would not know of their involvement. They later gather at Sam and Rocky's house. Sam, Rocky, Clyde, and Millie are willing to accept the consequences for their actions as opposed to having George's death hanging over their heads. Marty refuses to turn himself in and feels betrayed.  Marty storms out and convinces his brother to give him his gun and car. He robs a gas station and drives off, becoming a fugitive. Meanwhile, the others go to George's house and confess to his mother what happened. Sam is later seen in an interrogation room, telling the story to the police, who later find and view the tape from George's video camera. In a final scene, audio of George explaining his dream of becoming a filmmaker and documenting his life in hopes those who see it will finally understand him plays in the background. The police force, Sam, Rocky, their father, and George's mother find the location of the corpse while Sam watches on in regret as the sheriff exhumes George's body and his mother cries with devastation.

Production.

"Mean Creek" was originally conceived by director Jacob Aaron Estes around 1996 and 1997. At the time, Estes felt that there were very few films about kids dealing with a tragedy, a genre he had always admired both as a kid and as an adult student of film. The film was independently financed with a budget of $500,000, although about $350,000 of it was spent off screen or donated. It was shot mostly in Clackamas County, Oregon, including the cities of Boring, Sandy, and Estacada, though footage on the river was filmed on the Lewis River in southwest Washington.

Release.

Box office.

"Mean Creek" received a limited release in North America in four theaters and grossed $29,170 with an average of $7,292 per theater. The film earned $603,951 domestically and $198,997 internationally for a total of $802,948. Based on a $500,000 budget, the film can be considered a modest box office success.

Critical reception.

On Rotten Tomatoes, the film has an 89% approval rating based on 124 reviews with an average rating of 7.3/10. The site's critical consensus reads ""Mean Creek" is an uncomfortably riveting glimpse into the casual cruelty of youth." Additionally, the film also holds a 74/100 score on Metacritic based on 31 reviews, indicating "generally favorable reviews".  Roger Ebert praised the acting and concept of teenagers making conscious moral decisions and wrote ""Mean Creek" joins a small group of films including "River's Edge" and "Bully" which deal accurately and painfully with the consequences of peer-driven behavior. Kids who would not possibly act by themselves form groups that cannot stop themselves. This movie would be an invaluable tool for moral education in schools, for discussions of situational ethics and refusing to go along with the crowd."

Mean Creek is a 2004 American coming-of-age psychological drama film written and directed by Jacob Aaron Estes and starring Rory Culkin, Ryan Kelley, Scott Mechlowicz, Trevor Morgan, Josh Peck, and Carly Schroeder. It was produced by Susan Johnson, Rick Rosenthal, and Hagai Shaham.

Mean Creek est un film américain réalisé par Jacob Aaron Estes sorti le. Le DVD est disponible depuis juillet 2005.


Retail anchors.

BurJuman houses over 300 retail stores.

Carrefour.

On 21 August 2014, a 5,780 square metre Carrefour hypermarket was opened at the remodeled North Wing. Carrefour will serve as a key anchor tenant in BurJuman.

Dining.

Burjuman houses over 40 restaurants and cafés.

Metro link.

The BurJuman Metro Station entrance, which is near the North Wing, offers visitors a close and convenient link to the mall.

Naming rights.

In December 2012, RTA and BurJuman officially renamed Khalid Bin Al Waleed Station to BurJuman Station under the Dubai Metro “Naming Rights Initiative”.

History.

The North Wing section of the mall opened its doors to the public on 5 November 1991, making it one of the oldest malls in Dubai. The mall used to comprise.  The South Wing opened to the public in the spring of 2007, extending the area from to. By March 2013, the North Wing had been closed for renovation. Carrefour hypermarket was opened in the newly renovated section of the mall on August 2014.

Expansion.

In 2002, Burjuman announced a AED 500 million (US $135 million) project of the expansion of the mall's North Wing. The project included the construction of the South Wing, a 26-storey luxury residential apartment building, a 23-storey hotel building, and a 30-storey office tower. Construction started in 2004. It was completed in late 2006 and the South Wing of the mall was open to the public in early 2007.

The BurJuman Business Tower.

The BurJuman Business Tower, which is the tallest tower in the area, is adjacent to the BurJuman Mall. It is a 30-storey tower, of which 22 floors are used for office purpose.

The BurJuman Residence.

The BurJuman Residence is in the vicinity of the BurJuman Mall. It was designed by the New York/London based architectural firm Kohn Pedersen Fox (KPF). The building comprises 80 duplex apartments, 10 townhouses and five penthouses. The residential tower incorporates eight meeting rooms, an underground car park with 200 spaces, gym and swimming pool. BurJuman Residence was opened for tenants on July 2006.

BurJuman Arjaan by Rotana Hotel.

The BurJuman Arjaan by Rotana is located within the vicinity of the BurJuman mall and also next to the Burjuman Residence.

Renovation.

On May 2011, Burjuman announced the start of major renovation work to its North Wing which was first opened on 1991, as part of its ongoing commitment to offer retail tenants and customers an enhanced shopping and entertainment experience.  The renovations aimed at extending and architecturally unifying the mall's physical space as well as enhancing the shopping and entertainment experience, with the addition of new anchor tenants, including a major grocery store and multiplex cinema.  Key elements of the renovation included the addition of a fourth floor for the cinema complex and the extension of the third floor family entertainment area to include an extended food court. Following the renovations, the food court doubled in size and link directly to the Pavilion Gardens in the mall's South wing. Several new F&B brands were expected to join BurJuman's current dining offering.  In addition, the mall's north exterior entrance was set to be completely redesigned and an al fresco dining area added to the wing to match the design of the South Wing.  The total retail area will be increased from to.

BurJuman () is one of the oldest shopping malls in Dubai, in the residential area of Bur Dubai, in Dubai, United Arab Emirates. It is developed and owned by Al Ghurair Group. The distinctive landmark comprises over 2.8 million square feet of mixed-use space including the shopping mall, business tower, hotel suites and duplex residences. The mall comprises over.

Le centre commercial de BurJuman, situé au centre-ville de Dubaï, est le plus haut de gamme de la ville avec des boutiques comme celles de Cartier, Louis Vuitton, Chaumet, Tiffany & Co., etc. Une extension récente a porté sa surface commercial à.


History.

Founding and formation.

When part of the New Netherland colony, the area of present-day Ulster County was called "Esopus" by Dutch settlers after the Esopus tribe of the Lenape indigenous people. In 1652, Thomas Chambers, a freeholder from the Manor of Rensselaerswyck, purchased land at Esopus and began trading there. In 1654, Johan de Hulter, owner of 20% of the Killian van Rensselaer Company, was granted a patent which, together with the patents of Christoffel Davids and Jacob Jansen Stoll, supplies evidence of the first permanent European settlement which grew into the village of Wiltwijck, which the English later named Kingston. In 1683, the Duke of York created 12 counties in his province, one of which was Ulster County. Its boundaries at that time included the present Sullivan County and parts of the present Delaware, Orange, and Greene Counties.  In 1777, the first state capital of the independent New York State was established at Kingston. It was moved to Kerhonkson after the British burned Kingston.  In 1797, parts of Otsego and Ulster Counties were split off to create Delaware County.  In 1798, Ulster County's southernmost towns were moved into Orange County to compensate Orange for breaking away its southernmost part to form Rockland County.  In 1800, portions of Albany and Ulster Counties were split off to create Greene County.  In 1809, Sullivan County was split off from Ulster County.

Civil War.

During the American Civil War, volunteers were recruited from the county and formed the majority of the following regiments:  Other regiments with at least one company from the county included:

Twentieth century.

The Lake Mohonk Mountain House on Shawangunk Ridge was designated a National Historic Landmark in 1986.

Geography.

According to the U.S. Census Bureau, the county has an area of, of which is land and (3.1%) is water.  Ulster County is in southeastern New York State, south of Albany, immediately west of the Hudson River. Much of it is within the Catskill Mountains and the Shawangunk Ridge. Ulster County has Minnewaska State Park, Mohonk Preserve, Sundown State Park, VerNooykill State Forest, Witches Hole State Forest, and Shawangunk Ridge State Forest and Sam's Point Preserve, which includes rare dwarf pine trees and VerKeerderkill falls.  The highest point is Slide Mountain, at approximately above sea level. The lowest point is sea level along the Hudson River.

Demographics.

As of the census of 2010, the county had 181,440 people, 67,499 households, and 43,536 families. The population density was 158 people per square mile (61/km2). There were 77,656 housing units at an average density of 69 per square mile (27/km2). The county's racial makeup, as of 2008, was 83.2% white, 6.50% black or African American, 0.3% Native American, 1.7% Asian, 0.03% Pacific Islander, 2.15% from other races, and 1.70% from two or more races. 7.6% of the population were Hispanic or Latino of any race. 19.2% were of Italian, 16.8% Irish, 15.5% German, 6.8% English, and 4.7% American ancestry according to Census 2000. 90.3% spoke English, 4.5% Spanish, 1.2% Italian, and 1.0% German as their first language.  There were 67,499 households, of which 30.70% had children under age 18 living with them, 49.20% were married couples living together, 10.90% had a female householder with no husband present, and 35.50% were non-families. Of all households, 27.90% were made up of individuals and 10.20% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.47 and the average family size was 3.03.  23.50% of the county's population was under age 18, 8.70% was from age 18 to 24, 29.70% was from age 25 to 44, 24.70% was from age 45 to 64, and 13.30% was age 65 or older. The median age was 38 years. For every 100 females, there were 99.10 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 96.60 males.  The county's median household income was $42,551, and the median family income was $51,708. Males had a median income of $36,808 versus $27,086 for females. The per capita income for the county was $20,846. About 7.20% of families and 11.40% of the population were below the poverty line, including 13.00% of those under age 18 and 8.70% of those age 65 or over.

Government and politics.

In recent history, Ulster County has voted Democratic. In 2004 John Kerry defeated George W. Bush by 54–43%, in 2008 Barack Obama defeated John McCain by 61–38%, in 2012 Barack Obama defeated Mitt Romney by 60–37%, and in 2016 Hillary Clinton defeated Donald Trump by 52-41%. The county is in New York's 19th congressional district, represented by Democrat Antonio Delgado.  Ulster long had a county-scale version of a council-manager government, with the county legislature hiring a county administrator to handle executive functions. The chair of the legislature had a great deal of power and was accountable only to the voters of his own district. The only countywide elected officials were the district attorney (Holley Carnright has served since 2008) and sheriff (Juan Figueroa took office in 2019).  In 2006, voters approved the first-ever county charter, changing to an elected executive branch. Two years later, Michael P. Hein, the last appointed county administrator, became Ulster's first elected county executive. In early 2019, Hein resigned to accept Governor Andrew Cuomo's appointment as commissioner of the state Office of Temporary and Disability Assistance. Deputy County Executive Adele Reiter succeeded him as acting county executive until a special election was held in April 2019.  On April 30, 2019, Democrat Patrick K. Ryan was elected in a special election by a margin of 74%-26%. He was sworn in as Ulster County's second County Executive on June 7, 2019.  Legislative authority is vested in the County Legislature, which consists of 23 members elected from individual districts, as directed by a county charter reapportionment mandate starting in late 2010. Of the members of the County Legislature, 12 are part of the Democratic Caucus (11 affiliated with the Democratic Party and 1 unaffiliated), and 11 are part of the Republican Caucus (10 affiliated with the Republican Party and 1 affiliated with the Conservative Party).

Recreation.

Ulster County contains a large part of Catskill Park and the Catskill Forest Preserve. The former Delaware and Hudson Canal brought Pennsylvania coal to Kingston on the Hudson. Former Orleans band member John Hall served in the Ulster County legislature before moving to the 19th Congressional District to run for Congress.  Ulster County has continued to be a popular vacation destination for many decades. The County is home to many outdoor landscapes, including the Catskill Mountains, the Hudson River, Minnewaska State Park, Catskill Park, Shawangunk Mountains and the Shawangunk Ridge. Each offers various recreation opportunities, including hiking, bicycling, skiing, horseback riding, kayaking, rock climbing, hunting and fishing.  The County also includes more than of rail trails along the Hudson Valley Rail Trail, Wallkill Valley Rail Trail, and O&W Rail Trail. The Walkway Over the Hudson, the world's longest pedestrian and bicycle bridge which spans the Hudson River, is connected within Ulster County trails.  Ulster County has also played a role in some significant moments in U.S. history. The Senate House State Historic Site in Kingston, New York is where, in early 1777, American colonists met to ratify the New York Constitution.  The Ulster County Fair has been held in New Paltz for many years and is promoted as "The Best Six Days of Summer". County run recreation areas include the Ulster County Pool in New Paltz and the Ulster Landing Park in Saugerties.

Transportation.

The New York State Thruway Interstate 87 runs north–south through the county, carrying traffic to and from New York City and its surroundings.  Public transportation in Ulster County is provided by Trailways of New York to and from New York City and Albany, and along Routes 28 and 32, Ulster County Area Transit on major state and US road corridors in the county, and by Kingston Citibus in Kingston.

Ulster County is a county in the U.S. state of New York. As of the 2010 census, the population was 182,493. The county seat is Kingston. The county is named after the Irish province of Ulster.

Le comté d'Ulster (en anglais : "Ulster County") est l'un des 62 comtés de l'État de New York, aux États-Unis. Le siège du comté est Kingston.


Publication history.

He first appeared in "Fantastic Four" #45 (December 1965), and was created by Stan Lee and Jack Kirby.

Fictional character biography.

Lockjaw was born on the island of Attilan (formerly in the Atlantic Ocean and eventually moved to the Moon). Many times he has brought Inhumans to Earth and back again. At times, his powers have been manipulated by evil forces, most usually by Maximus the Mad. Lockjaw and the Royal Family encountered Maximus' creation, the Trikon, and were driven from Attilan's Great Refuge in exile.  Lockjaw first appeared as a member of the Inhumans when they attempted to retrieve Medusa from the outside world and take her back to Attilan. This led them into conflict with the Fantastic Four, the first humans they met, who were harboring Medusa after rescuing her from the villainous Frightful Four. Accordingly, Lockjaw is indirectly responsible for revealing the existence of Attilan to the outside world. They returned to Attilan and became trapped in Maximus' "negative zone" barrier around the Great Refuge.  Lockjaw is able to escape and becomes separated from his city. He roams the country for some time, accidentally terrorizing the local citizens, until he meets up with Johnny Storm and Wyatt Wingfoot. He journeyed with the pair in their attempt to breach the "negative zone" barrier. Before long, the Inhumans were freed from the "negative zone" barrier, and Lockjaw transported Crystal to New York, and brought Triton from Attilan to rescue Mister Fantastic. Lockjaw was later compelled to return Crystal to Attilan by Maximus.  With Crystal, Lockjaw was captured by Diablo. They later rescued the injured Quicksilver. Before long, Lockjaw attended the wedding of Quicksilver and Crystal. He also brought the Fantastic Four to Attilan to battle Thraxton.

Seemingly speaking.

At one point, Quicksilver and the Thing witnessed what appeared to be Lockjaw, apparently a sentient being once mutated by Terrigen Mists, speaking to them. This convinces Quicksilver not to expose his daughter Luna to the Mists. However, Lockjaw later brought Quicksilver to Washington, D.C., in search of X-Factor, and Quicksilver there stated that Lockjaw's sentience was actually a hoax perpetrated on the Thing by Karnak and Gorgon.  Lockjaw brought the other Inhumans to Earth in search of Medusa when she fled Attilan to avoid a compulsory abortion. He also transported the injured Triton back to Attilan. With Crystal, he later summoned the Avengers to help battle Thane Ector and the Brethren. With the Avengers, he battled the Brethren.  As noted in "Ka-Zar" #12, Lockjaw also travels to the Heroes Reborn universe with his Inhuman family. This visit lasts for about a year; all are returned successfully.  Having always been particularly fond of Ben Grimm, Lockjaw elects to stay with him. Ben, fondly recounting that he "always wanted a dog", accepted. It is not known why Lockjaw did not accompany Ben Grimm when he felt the need to retreat to France during the "Civil War".  Lockjaw is featured into the 2006 limited series "Son of M". With the majority of the mutants on Earth having been rendered powerless, Quicksilver decides to steal the Inhumans mutagenic Terrigen Mists and re-power willing mutants. Lockjaw is convinced to help him on the mission. Traveling with Quicksilver's daughter Luna, they traverse the Earth, heading to such places as Genosha. The other Inhumans follow.  Later, Lockjaw rejoins Black Bolt, Medusa and other Inhumans in order to assist a super-human strikeforce in taking down the confused Sentry.  Lockjaw assists his family tracking down Black Bolt, who had been captured by the Skrulls. Using technology gained from their allies, the Kree, Lockjaw's abilities are upgraded, allowing him to teleport much farther.

New allies.

In 2009, Lockjaw received a four-issue mini-series titled "Lockjaw and the Pet Avengers", teaming with Lockheed, Redwing, Ms. Lion (Aunt May's puppy from "Spider-Man and His Amazing Friends"), Zabu, Niels the Cat/Hairball, and a new frog named Throg. This series involves Lockjaw bringing the Infinity Gauntlet together with the assistance of animal allies. The series spawned two additional mini-series with the Pet Avengers.  Lockjaw re-joins his Inhuman family for the conflicts that eventually led to them taking over the Kree empire. This leads to the seeming loss of Black Bolt despite Crystal and Lockjaw's best efforts. This conflict also leads to the ravaging of the Shi'ar Empire. As his family determines who will rule, Lockheed is seen playing closely with Luna and assisting with Shi'ar recovery efforts. Lockjaw again becomes involved with gathering the Infinity Gauntlet together when the Soul Gem is lost and later found. Lockjaw was also sent by Medusa to keep an eye on recent Inhuman Ms. Marvel (Kamala Khan), and helps her in her battle against a cockatiel/human hybrid clone of Thomas Edison known as The Inventor.  During the "Inhumans vs. X-Men" storyline, Lockjaw was taking a nap when he is knocked out by Fantomex.  At the time when Lockjaw was on a mission to free Black Bolt from the deep space torture prison, a flashback revealed that Lockjaw got his powers during an Inhuman experiment on canines.  In the pages of "Death of the Inhumans," the Kree eventually initiated a murdering mission to bring Black Bolt to their ranks and across the stars as thousands of Inhumans were killed by Vox, the first of a new race of Super-Inhuman, built by the Kree. Black Bolt quickly sent Lockjaw to bring his brother to him, however Vox had already reached New Arctilan and was fighting Maximus when Lockjaw arrived, and while the canine was able to temporarily take down the Super-Inhuman, the latter released his full power that not only burned down New Arctilan but in the process also apparently killed Lockjaw and Maximus.

Powers and abilities.

Lockjaw can teleport himself and nearby living creatures and matter to any destination on the Earth or the Moon. He can also open passages between dimensions. Energy barriers that are seemingly impenetrable to others seem to pose no problem to him. Lockjaw also has the ability to psionically trace a given "scent" across dimensional space.  Lockjaw also once seemingly sensed danger from far off, when Doctor Doom had manipulated Silver Surfer's powers.  Lockjaw is capable of chewing and swallowing inorganic material, such as scraps of sophisticated robots, with no ill effect. It is not known if this is his primary source of nourishment.  Lockjaw seemingly has "super-canine" strength in his jaw. Once he locked on to the Thing's arm and the Thing could not get him to let go.  In the "Secret Invasion: Inhumans" mini-series, the Royal Family enter into an alliance with the Kree to free Black Bolt from his Skrull captors. To that end, the Kree greatly enhance Lockjaw's teleportation powers, enabling him to teleport himself and others over vast interplanetary distances.

Other versions.

Age of Apocalypse.

In the reality where Apocalypse had conquered North America, Apocalypse approached the Inhumans to gain access to the Terrigen Mist; however the Inhumans refused to deliver such material, until one of them, Maximus, made a secret deal with Apocalypse. Maximus would give the Terrigen Mist to Apocalypse if the High Lord granted him a position in the Horsemen. Maximus then took over the Inhumans Royal Family, slaying all those who stood in his way, including Lockjaw. As the new Death, Maximus created twisted clones based on the royal family that were loyal to him. The clone of Lockjaw clashed with the X-Men when they traveled to the Blue Area of the Moon to try to kill Apocalypse during a time when he was recuperating there. Lockjaw used its tuning fork to knock out Morph. The X-Men freed themselves and defeated Maximus. Despite the Inhumans' initial victory, Lockjaw and all of the Royal Family were killed when the Ship was destroyed by Sunfire.

Earth X.

In the alternate future of Earth X, Lockjaw is shot by some gaseous bullet and murdered by Maximus. His teleportation-forehead assembly is seemingly the only part of him that has survived. It is used by Black Bolt and the other Inhumans to investigate happenings on Earth.

Marvel Knights 2099.

Lockjaw is one of the few Royal family members to survive to the year 2099; Maximus the Mad had slain the rest. The Inhumans had established themselves on a space station also called Attilan.

Marvel Zombies.

Lockjaw appears zombified along with the Royal Family of the Inhumans, creating a portal for them to meet with the Kingpin. He is later seen trying to attack Machine Man. The heroic android tricks Lockjaw into teleporting to the mainstream Marvel Universe. Lockjaw is tricked into eating an explosive-laden human brain. He is destroyed in the explosion. Another Lockjaw is seen when the zombie virus spreads to "Earth Z". He too is zombiefied and assists in slaying the "Warbound". He was captured by Machine Man, Ultron and Jocasta.

Ultimate Marvel.

Lockjaw also appears in "Ultimate Fantastic Four Annual" #1. In this incarnation, he has teleportation powers as well. He leaves the Inhumans' Himalayan refuge with Crystal, who is running away because she was being forced to marry Black Bolt's brother, Maximus (only Crystal suspects he is mad). Lockjaw assists in saving Crystal from her pursuing guards but they eventually drag her back home anyway. They leave him behind and he brings the Fantastic Four for assistance. This is not well received as most of Inhuman society severely dislikes any outsiders. Black Bolt ends up destroying the evacuated Attilan simply because the Four "contaminated" it. Several of the Inhumans indicate they had conspired for Lockjaw to be left behind in the human world.

Reception.

In August 2009, "TIME" listed Lockjaw as one of the "Top 10 Oddest Marvel Characters".

Lockjaw is a fictional character in American comic books published by Marvel Comics. He is an Inhuman giant bulldog whose abilities include teleportation. He serves the Inhuman Royal Family as their escort and as a loyal protector.

Gueule d'or (« Lockjaw » en version originale) est un animal de fiction évoluant dans l'univers Marvel de la maison d'édition Marvel Comics. Créé par le scénariste Stan Lee et le dessinateur Jack Kirby, le personnage apparaît pour la première fois dans le comic book "Fantastic Four" #45 en décembre 1965.


History.

The site was discovered in 1908 by Raymond Peyrille under the supervision of Jean-Gaston Lalanne. Peyrille carried out its first rudimentary excavation in 1909 while Lalanne was working at the nearby site of Laussel. During this excavation a relief carving was found, one that has been described as "perhaps the most dramatic and impressive example of Upper Palaeolithic".  Following the discovery of the frieze, work was undertaken in 1911 to build a protective wall around the shelter. This included lowering the shelter floor, a procedure during which a workman hit a skull with a pick-axe, breaking it. A relatively complete skeleton was uncovered and Denis Peyrony and Louis Capitan were brought in to examine it.

Frieze.

The frieze depicts a number of animals, some in haut-relief, dating back 15,000 years. These include ten horses (one measuring 2.20 m long), at least three bison, ibex and several incomplete figures.  The sculpted frieze occupies 13 of the 16 meters of the shelter. Some of the carving is as much as 30 cm deep. Red ochre covers much of the frieze and some of the area around it is now difficult to see. Among other flint tools probably used to create the frieze were found Magdalenian burins and scrapers.

Magdalenian Girl.

The skeleton known as Magdalenian Girl (or sometimes Magdalenian Woman) is that of an early modern human dating from 13,000 to 11,000 BCE during the Magdalenian period. It is the most complete Upper Paleolithic skeleton in Northern Europe. When Magdalenian Girl was acquired in 1926 for the Field Museum in Chicago, Illinois, by Henry Field, then curator of Physical Anthropology, it was hailed as one of the most significant acquisitions the museum ever made. On the first day the precious specimen was exhibited, tens of thousands of visitors flocked to the museum to see it.  The skeleton is thought to have been likely buried deliberately. Paul Pettitt noted that "Large stone blocks were found over her head and feet, although no cultural items were recovered with the skeleton".

Preservation and visits.

The site was classified as a French historical monument in 1910, and registered as a World Heritage Site by Unesco in 1979 as part of the Prehistoric Sites and Decorated Caves of the Vézère Valley World Heritage Site. It was acquired by the French government on 14 April 2006.  Guided tours take place during the year and there is an on-site museum which includes a replica of Magdalenian Girl.

The abri de Cap Blanc is a prehistoric limestone rock shelter with Magdalenian animal sculptures. It is in the Marquay commune on the right bank of the Beune River, a few kilometers west of Eyzies-de-Tayac, in Dordogne.

L'abri de Cap Blanc est un abri-sous-roche préhistorique comportant des sculptures d'animaux datées du Magdalénien. Cet abri se trouve sur la commune de Marquay sur la rive droite de la Beune, à quelques kilomètres à l'est des Eyzies-de-Tayac, en Dordogne.


Early life.

Kingston was born in Bandon, County Cork, Ireland, one of five children of George Kingston and Hester Holland. Strickland's father owned a lumberyard, a tenement (Kingston Buildings), and was credited with being involved in the three canal plans for Bandon. Strickland emigrated to England and was employed in Birmingham in 1832. He subsequently took an active part in promoting the South Australian Act in 1834 and helped to lobby successfully for its passage through the House of Commons.

Deputy Surveyor, South Australia Colony.

Kingston was appointed deputy surveyor to the new province and sailed with most of the surveying party in the "Cygnet" in March 1836. Because he detoured to Rio de Janeiro for supplies the "Cygnet" did not arrive at Nepean Bay until 11 September 1836, nearly a month after Colonel William Light, who was therefore left short-handed at a critical time. However it was Donna, the thirsty South American bloodhound, who led Kingston, John Morphett and Lieutenant W.G. Field to the River Torrens. Kingston was incompetent as a Surveyor and his work on the Survey of Adelaide, between West Terrace and the Western side of King William Street was so erroneous that Light had all of Kingston's area re-surveyed by Assistant Surveyors Boyle Travers Finniss and George Ormsby.  Kingston's ability as a surveyor was frequently questioned and it was he who was spared to return to England in August 1837 to seek removal of Governor Hindmarsh. The colonisation commissioners sent him back next June with orders unpalatable to Light, who resigned with all but three of his staff. Kingston made many more blunders in continuing the country surveys (errors that Frome later reported requiring substantial resources to correct), and soon after Governor George Gawler's arrival in October 1838, Kingston resigned.

Later career.

Kingston established himself as a civil engineer, architect and surveyor, and in 1840 the Adelaide Municipal Council briefly engaged him as town surveyor. He was later engaged as inspector of public works and, buildings. Among his works still standing are the south-eastern corner of Government House (1839), the original section of the Adelaide Gaol (1840), Cummins House at Camden Park (1841) and Kingston Historical House (1840, 1851). He also designed the first monument to Colonel Light in Light Square (1843). He designed White's Rooms, Adelaide's first public entertainment venue.  On 10 July 1851, Kingston was sworn in as a member of South Australia's first elected parliament and held his seat in the Legislative Council until 2 February 1857. On 9 March 1857, Kingston was elected to the newly established House of Assembly and became the first Speaker on 22 April 1857. Kingston held this position until 22 March 1860 and again from 31 March 1865 until his death on 26 November 1880. Kingston represented The Burra and Clare from 9 March 1857 to 22 March 1860 and Stanley from 6 May 1861 until his death.  Kingston was prominent in forming the South Australian Mining Association to keep the mineral wealth of the colony from overseas speculators. With Edward Stephens, he investigated copper finds at Burra in 1845, and then played a leading role in the'snobs' party to defeat the 'nobs' for the mine. An original shareholder, he was appointed surveyor and architect of the mining association but it was William Jacob who carried out the Burra special survey of 20,000 acres (8094 ha). In April 1848 he was elected a director, deputy-chairman in October 1856 and chairman from 1857 until his death. In its first five years the'monster mine' paid fifteen dividends each of 200 per cent.  In 1858 Kingston was part of the team who surveyed the namesake town of Kingston, later renamed Kingston SE as a part of a private real estate development.

Other Interests.

Kingston was interested in the Volunteer movement and was once captain of the East Adelaide Rifles. He was also a founding member and later Master of The South Australian Lodge of Friendship and of the Statistical Society, keeping a valuable register of Adelaide's rainfall from 1839–1879. Kingston was also one of the founding members of the Freemasons South Australian Lodge of Friendship No. 613 (under a Warrant or Charter of Constitution which was issued at Adelphi, London, England on 22 October 1834). The original Lodge to which Kingston belonged was Irish Lodge No 81. Kingston was the first Senior Warden of the new South Australian Lodge and on 14 August 1838, Kingston was elected Master. He was a member of the Agricultural and Horticultural Society and its president from 1859 to 1860.  Kingston was knighted in 1870. He died in 1880 aboard the "RMS Malwa" on his way to India and was buried at sea.

Personal life.

Kingston married three times, being widowed in his first two marriages. He married his first wife Henrietta Ann McDonough in 1829; she died ten years later and their only child died soon after childbirth. Six children were born to his second wife, Ludovina Catherina da Silva Cameron (daughter of soldier Charles Cameron (1779–1827)), after their marriage on 10 April 1841. She died ten years later and Kingston married widow Emma Lipson (1816–1876), daughter of Thomas Lipson R.N., South Australia's first harbourmaster, on 4 December 1856 (no children resulted from this marriage).

Memorials.

Kingston's name has been applied to the following places in South Australia - Hundred of Kingston, Mount Kingston near Lake Eyre, Kingston Park (a suburb of Adelaide) and the township of Kingston SE. The township of Kingston-on-Murray was named after his son, Sir Charles Cameron Kingston.

Sir George Strickland Kingston (23 August 1807 – 26 November 1880) arrived in South Australia on the in 1836. He was the Deputy Surveyor to William Light, engaged to survey the new colony of South Australia. Kingston was also the first Speaker of the South Australian House of Assembly.

George Strickland Kingston, né le à Bandon dans le comté de Cork en Irlande, décédé le en mer, arriva en Australie-Méridionale à bord du "Cygnet" en 1836. Il avait été employé en tant que surveillant attaché à William Light pour surveiller la nouvelle colonie d'Australie Méridionale. Il a été suggéré que Kingston était responsable de la surveillance et de la planification de la ville d'Adelaide, avec le crédit attribué plus tard à Light. (Adelaide Review article.)


Life and work.

Louis William Wain was born on 5 August 1860 in Clerkenwell in London. His father, William Matthew Wain, was a textile trader and embroiderer; his mother, Felicia Marie/Julie Felicie (Boiteux) was French. He was the first of six children and the only male child. None of his five sisters ever married. At the age of thirty, his youngest sister was certified as insane, and admitted to an asylum. The remaining sisters lived with their mother for the duration of their lifetimes, as did Louis for the majority of his life.  Wain was born with a cleft lip and the doctor gave his parents the orders that he should not be sent to school or taught until he was ten years old. As a youth, he was often truant from school and spent much of his childhood wandering around London. Following this period, Louis studied at the West London School of Art and eventually became a teacher there for a short period. At the age of 20, Wain was left to support his mother and his five sisters after his father's death. Wain soon quit his teaching position to become a freelance artist, and in this role, he achieved substantial success. He specialized in drawing animals and country scenes, and worked for several journals including the "Illustrated Sporting and Dramatic News", where he stayed for four years, and "The Illustrated London News", beginning in 1886. Through the 1880s, Wain's work included detailed illustrations of English country houses and estates, along with livestock he was commissioned to draw at agricultural shows. His work at this time includes a wide variety of animals, and he maintained his ability to draw creatures of all kinds throughout his lifetime. At one point, he hoped to make a living by drawing dog portraits.  At the age of 23, Wain married his sisters' governess, Emily Richardson, who was ten years his senior (which was considered quite scandalous at the time), and moved with her to Hampstead in north London. Emily soon began to suffer from breast cancer and died three years into their marriage. Prior to Emily's death, Wain discovered the subject that would define his career. During her illness, Emily was comforted by their pet cat Peter, a stray black and white kitten they had rescued after hearing him mewing in the rain one night. Emily's spirits were greatly lifted by Peter, and Louis began to draw extensive sketches of him, which Emily strongly encouraged him to have published. She died before this happened, but he continued to make cat sketches. He later wrote of Peter, "To him, properly, belongs the foundation of my career, the developments of my initial efforts, and the establishing of my work." Peter can be recognized in many of Wain's early published works.  In 1886, Wain's first drawing of anthropomorphized cats was published in the Christmas issue of the "Illustrated London News", titled "A Kittens' Christmas Party". The illustration depicted 150 cats, many of which resembled Peter, doing things such as sending invitations, holding a ball, playing games, and making speeches, spread over eleven panels. Still, the cats remain on all fours, unclothed, and without the variety of human-like expression that would characterize Wain's later work. Under the pseudonym of George Henri Thompson, he illustrated numerous books for children by Clifton Bingham published by Ernest Nister.  In subsequent years, Wain's cats began to walk upright, smile broadly and use other exaggerated facial expressions and would wear sophisticated, contemporary clothing. Wain's illustrations showed cats playing musical instruments, serving tea, playing cards, fishing, smoking, and enjoying a night at the opera. Such anthropomorphic portrayals of animals were very popular in Victorian England and were often found in prints, on greeting cards and in satirical illustrations such as those of John Tenniel.  Wain was a prolific artist over the next thirty years, sometimes producing as many as several hundred drawings a year. He illustrated about one hundred children's books, and his work appeared in papers, journals, and magazines, including the "Louis Wain Annual", which ran from 1901 to 1915. His work was also regularly reproduced on the picture postcards, and these are highly sought after by collectors today. In 1898 and 1911 he was chairman of the National Cat Club.  Wain's illustrations often parody human behaviour, satirizing fads and fashions of the day. He wrote, "I take a sketch-book to a restaurant, or other public places, and draw the people in their different positions "as cats", getting as near to their human characteristics as possible. This gives me "doubly" nature, and these studies I think [to be] my best humorous work."  Wain was involved with several animal charities, including the Governing Council of Our Dumb Friends League, the Society for the Protection of Cats, and the Anti-Vivisection Society. He was also active in the National Cat Club, acting as President and Chairman of the committee at times. He felt that he helped "to wipe out the contempt in which the cat has been held" in England.  Despite his popularity, Wain suffered financial difficulty throughout his life. He remained responsible for supporting his mother and sisters and had little business sense. Wain was modest, naive and easily exploited, ill-equipped for bargaining in the world of publishing. He often sold his drawings outright, retaining no rights over their reproduction. He was easily misled and occasionally found himself duped by the promise of a new invention or other money-making schemes.  He travelled to New York in 1907, where he drew some comic strips, such as "Cats About Town" and "Grimalkin", for Hearst newspapers. His work was widely admired, although his critical attitude towards the city made him the subject of sniping in the press. He returned home with even less money than before, due to imprudent investment in a new type of oil lamp.

Mental disorder.

The onset of Wain's schizophrenia may have been precipitated by "Toxoplasma gondii", a parasite which is excreted by cats in their faeces. The theory that toxoplasmosis can trigger schizophrenia is the subject of ongoing research, though the origins of the theory can be traced back as early as 1953.  When his sisters could no longer cope with his erratic and occasionally violent behaviour in 1924, Wain was committed to a pauper ward of Springfield Mental Hospital in Tooting. A year later, he was discovered there, and his circumstances were widely publicized, leading to appeals from such figures as H. G. Wells and the personal intervention of Prime Minister Stanley Baldwin. Wain was transferred to the Bethlem Royal Hospital in Southwark, and again in 1930 to Napsbury Hospital near St Albans in Hertfordshire, north of London. Napsbury was relatively pleasant, with a garden and colony of cats, and he spent his final 15 years there in peace. While he became increasingly deluded, his erratic mood swings subsided, and he continued drawing for pleasure. His work from this period is marked by bright colours, flowers, and intricate and abstract patterns, though his primary subject remained the same. He is buried in his father's grave at St. Mary's Roman Catholic Cemetery, Kensal Green, London. Writing in 2001, Dr Michael Fitzgerald disputes the claim of schizophrenia, saying that Wain more likely had Asperger's syndrome (AS). Of particular note, Fitzgerald indicates that while Wain's art took on a more abstract nature as he grew older, his technique and skill as a painter did not diminish, as one would expect from a person with schizophrenia. Moreover, elements of visual agnosia (the inability to recognize certain objects, even though a person can recall them if asked) are demonstrated in his painting. If Wain had visual agnosia, it might have manifested itself merely as extreme attention to detail. Series of his paintings have commonly been used as examples in psychology textbooks to putatively show the change in his style as his psychological condition deteriorated. However, given that Wain did not date his works, it is not known if these works were created in the order usually presented. Rodney Dale, the author of "Louis Wain: The Man Who Drew Cats", has criticized the belief that the paintings can be used as an example of Wain's deteriorating mental health, arguing that "Wain experimented with patterns and cats, and even quite late in life was still producing conventional cat pictures, perhaps 10 years after his [supposedly] 'later' productions which are patterns rather than cats."  In 2012 however, Dr Kevin Van Eeckelen, in an article about psychotic patterns proposed that evidence of deterioration was found in Louis Wain's earlier (narrative) work, for instance in his "Louis Wain Kitten Book" (1903). This analysis is based on the mimetic (girardian) view on psychosis, which focuses on the continuity between 'normality' and'madness'.  In December 2012, the psychiatrist Dr David O’Flynn, at a gallery talk at an exhibition of "Kaleidoscopic Cats" at the Bethlem Royal Hospital Archives & Museum, proposed viewing the series as the creation of two men, "Louis Wain, who created them, and Walter Maclay (1902–1964), the psychiatrist who organised them into a series."  O'Flynn suggests Maclay saw in the series a proof of his own ideas, partly based on his 1930s experiments with art and mescaline-induced psychosis. Maclay concluded that the creative ability of people with schizophrenia deteriorated. O'Flynn says that in the experiences of those who produce outsider art, that is artists who are self-taught, and who often work outside the formal art world, the link between schizophrenia and the deterioration of artwork doesn't hold true. Looking at Wain's late work, O'Flynn sees greater experimentation and use of colour, not a deterioration. Despite the series being known to be assembled, and the pictures not dated since the 1960s, "their representation of something that doesn't exist, namely psychotic deterioration, has been surprisingly robust". The series has become "the Mona Lisa of asylum art".

Legacy.

H. G. Wells said of him, "He has made the cat his own. He invented a cat style, a cat society, a whole cat world. English cats that do not look and live like Louis Wain cats are ashamed of themselves."  His work is now highly collectable, but forgeries are common. Wain also created a number of ceramic pieces produced by Amphora Ceramics. Dubbed the "futurist cat" the pieces were of cats and dogs in angular shapes and with geometrical markings. They are considered to be in the Cubist art style and represent Wain's artistic expression in ceramics.

Bibliography.

All of Wain's books are in the public domain but none have been reprinted, except "Father Tuck's Struwwelpeter".

Louis William Wain (5 August 1860 – 4 July 1939) was an English artist best known for his drawings, which consistently featured anthropomorphized large-eyed cats and kittens. In his later years he may have suffered from schizophrenia (although this claim is disputed among specialists), which, according to some psychiatrists, can be seen in his works.

Louis Wain ( Londres - ) est un artiste anglais connu pour ses dessins représentant des animaux anthropomorphes, et en particulier des chats.