History.

The original idea and planning for a new attraction—which would become Time Traveler—lasted over four years. In January 2016, while a prototype for a new spinning roller coaster concept was being made by Mack Rides, Jane Cooper, chief operating officer and president of Herschend Family Entertainment, and Brad Thomas, president of attractions for Silver Dollar City, went to test it at Europa-Park where it was featured on the roller coaster Blue Fire. During their first trip, Thomas described the first experience on the prototype they had was "really like a teacup", but showed promise for the project and design. Thereafter, both Cooper and Thomas made various trips to the park to discuss and plan the ride's concept with Mack Rides before acquiring the model for the park's new attraction.  From February 2016, Herschend Family Entertainment (owner of Silver Dollar City) filed trademarks with the United States Patent and Trademark Office for multiple names including "Barke", "Time Traveler", and "Top Dog". During one of the several trips in June 2016, the name of the attraction was conceived from Cooper and Thomas' observation of the roller coaster's train design frame. Construction for the roller coaster began in October 2016. On February 15, 2017, photos were taken by the "Springfield News-Leader" of construction taking place within the park, with a park official acknowledging that footers were in place for a new attraction, but not confirming what it would be.  Silver Dollar City announced "Time Traveler" on August 16, 2017, which upon completion would be the tallest, fastest, and longest spinning roller coaster in the world. The ride was manufactured by Mack Rides at the cost of $26 million to design and build. Among its records, the roller coaster would be the only spinning roller coaster with a double launch, vertical loop, and three inversions. On September 19, 2017, the final piece of track was placed for the attraction, with a park spokesman saying that the ride was about 50 percent complete.  The trains for the ride were officially revealed on November 14, 2017 during the International Association of Amusement Parks and Attractions (IAAPA) Attraction Exposition 2017. The roller coaster's first test runs began on December 14, 2017. In February 2018, Silver Dollar City announced that the roller coaster would open coinciding with the park's seasonal operations. A media day was held on March 13, 2018 for the ride which included 150 guests, with the ride officially opening on March 14, 2018. Originally the ride was to be sponsored by White River Valley Electric, a supplier for the park's electricity. However, the five-year deal was cancelled soon after its announcement following concerns from the company's members and board of directors.

Ride experience.

Theme.

The roller coaster is themed to the narrative of the fictional character, Charles Henry, and his recent acquisition of the family clockmaker business. Henry, inspired by science fiction works of Jules Verne, set out tinkering with the idea of making the world better through the invention of time travel. In accordance with the phrase "dream big, do good" created for the ride, Henry, along with his daughter Emmaline, went on to create the time traveling device that would highlight human abilities and provide the best decisions for humanity through the alteration of time. The motto for the attraction was used for marketing by the park to highlight individual accomplishments in the community connected to the park's surrounding location, similar to their previous attraction, Outlaw Run, which honored law enforcement through its story.

Queue area.

Located in the Valley Road section of the park, the main street was reconfigured to construct new buildings for the area, which included restaurants. The station of the roller coaster consists of a three-story building that displays the narrative of Charles Henry and his clock factory. The first story of the queue building consists of the factory's storage area, with information asking guests to become volunteer employees of the business. The second story exhibits the company's offices and shows the experimentation of the factory's clock components. The third story progresses the narrative of Henry, leading to the revelation of his time traveling device, by which riders would experience his invention. The ride's theming throughout the queue area was constructed by the Weber Group, while the musical score was created by John Presley.

Layout.

After the front gates open, the trains leave the station and head into its maximum vertical angle drop of 90-degrees. Descending the drop at its maximum speed of, the trains enter a dive loop, head upwards into a left banked turn and then a right banked U-turn. Next, the trains enter the first linear synchronous motor (LSM) launch section where they stop momentarily before accelerating to in three seconds. The trains then enter a banked left curve before continuing down left into the vertical loop. Immediately after, the trains follow upwards into a left banked turn and subsequently head downward into a right banked curve where it transitions into a zero-gravity roll. The trains after traverse into another left banked turn upwards before dipping down into the second LSM launch going from to. Following the launch, the trains head up into a overbanked turn to the right before heading towards a left banked turn and into the final brake run where the train makes a right U-turn back into the station. One cycle of the ride takes about two minutes.

Characteristics.

Track.

The steel tubular track is long and reaches maximum height of. Unlike conventional roller coasters, Time Traveler does not have a lift hill because it enters the course's layout after the initial drop out of the station because of the mountainous terrain. The layout was manufactured, developed, and designed by Mack Rides. The track for the ride is colored olive with the supports colored mocha to coincide with the steampunk color palette. Throughout the layout, the ride crosses over itself fourteen times.

Trains.

Time Traveler operates with three trains, each with four cars that are arranged two across in two rows seating back-to-back, allowing for sixteen riders per train. The cars of the trains are brass-colored, themed with various cogs, gears, and "industrial components". Riders are required to be at least tall to ride. The ride is the first "X-treme Spinning Coaster" model that was produced by Mack Rides, which introduced a free-spinning car that is controlled by magnetic brakes.

Ride mechanics.

The train model produced by Mack Rides features unique mechanics different from that of traditional spinning roller coasters. Each of the trains have an eddy current brake situated under the coaster's car. When the coaster's metallic disc, located on the upper part of the car, passes through the locked brake, it acts as a conductive surface assisting in rotating the car frame as well as slowing the rotation. The eddy brake can be tightened or loosened to adjust the rotation of the coaster's car. The trains feature a power rail system to align the coaster's cars as they are stationary in the brake run returning to the station, which in addition works as a charger for the on-ride decorated lights on the hand railings located in front of the riders. A busbar located under the ride's train conveys data from the cars to the operator's control systems. The lap bar restraints automatically lower on each train and are locked into place by hydraulic cylinders, which are checked by ride attendants and operators. Steel bristles are additionally located near each of the car's wheels to release electric charges a train may produce and hinder electronics on them.

Records.

When the roller coaster opened in 2018, it became the fastest and tallest full circuit spinning roller coaster. Although not a full circuit spinning roller coaster, Big Air located at E-DA Theme Park would be the fastest and tallest spinning roller coaster. In addition, the coaster became the first spinning roller coaster in the world to have three inversions, surpassing Gekion Live Coaster located at Tokyo Joypolis, which only has one inversion.

Reception.

Time Traveler was well received among its critics and guests. Arthur Levine of "USA Today" praised the ride for its use of magnetic brakes to control the spinning of the ride, stating that the ride was "thrilling, but it’s not in the same league as some of the more extreme non-spinning coasters out there". He also expressed that it did distinguish itself from other roller coasters because of its "mild spinning", launches, and smoothness. Bailey Strohl of "KTTS" said, "Each ride is unlike the last, with each car offering a 360-degree controlled spin that delivers high dimension", stating it bore a new ride every time. Matt Meltzer of "Thrillist" described the ride as comfortable and non-nauseating, saying that guests would be "screaming through a giant grin that’s impossible to wipe off until the ride stops." He further remarked that a back-seat ride would be more worth than a front-seat ride because of the clear views of the landscape.  James Rao of "Theme Park Insider" commented that the roller coaster provided a smooth and comfortable ride from start to finish being "another coaster addition that complements Silver Dollar City’s hilly terrain and provides a unique adventure in an already amazing park." He also commented that the ride, although shorter in length and time from other roller coasters, made up through its pacing and elements. Guests from the American Coaster Enthusiast (ACE) conference hosted at the park remarked positively of its spinning mechanics, theming, and ride vehicle design.

Time Traveler is a steel spinning roller coaster located at the Silver Dollar City theme park in Branson, Missouri, United States. Manufactured by Mack Rides of Germany in collaboration with the park's in-house team, Time Traveler opened in 2018, becoming Silver Dollar City's first new roller coaster since Outlaw Run opened in 2013. Time Traveler features the fictional story of clockmaker Charles Henry and his daughter spotlighting human achievements through time travel. The roller coaster reaches a height of with a maximum speed of and a total track length of.


Early life, World War I and the interwar years.

Georges Blun was born to a French family on 1 June 1893 in the then German-held region of Alsace-Lorraine. He was married to a fellow journalist. He worked for the British MI5, as well as French intelligence during World War I. In 1920 he was expelled from Switzerland for conducting "clandestine activities" and communist agitation. By 1925, he had grown close to the leadership of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union.  From 1925 to 1930 he worked in the Weimar Republic as a correspondent for various newspapers, such as "Journal des débats".  In 1928, it was reported that following publication of a controversial ('distorted') article on the Silvesternacht (New Year's Eve) in Berlin in a Paris paper, he resigned his chairmanship of the Association of Foreign Press and made an apology visit to the government press department.  He returned to Switzerland in 1939 after having worked as a journalist in Berlin for a considerable amount of time.

World War II.

During World War II, he became a resistance fighter against Nazi Germany in the service of the Red Orchestra. Under the pseudonym "Long" he was the head of the eponymous George Blun group in Switzerland. This group formed part of the Red Three, led by Alexander Radó.  During the war, he spied primarily and most notably in service of the Soviet Union, but also worked for American, British, French, Swiss and Polish intelligence agencies as well - a fact described by at least one source covering the events as "common" among Switzerland-based spies at the time. His loyalties were described by Nigel West as "always prioritizing" the Communist International and the GRU, while the CIA assesses his group as having an "ambiguous" ideology.  During his clandestine activities, he worked with figures such as Hans Bernd Gisevius, 20 July plot members, as well as Joseph Wirth, the latter of which had served as Chancellor of Germany.  Blun's group was viewed by the Soviets as the second most valuable, after the group led by Rachel Dübendorfer.

Post-War life.

Blun survived the war, following which, along with Otto John and several others, reportedely became a member of a political group led by Josef Müller. The group advocated for a united and neutralist Germany with a pro-USSR alignment.  He was still working as a journalist by May 11, 1950, when he penned an article in the French "Le Monde" newspaper regarding the division of Berlin and was cited for his work covering the division of the country.  He passed away in 1999.

Georges Blun (1 June 1893 – 1999) was a French journalist and intelligence agent who was the Berlin correspondent of the "Journal de Paris".


Exhibits.

Canadian soldiers are represented by mannequins in military uniform of the appropriate eras manning fixed communications posts, heavily sandbagged underground dugouts and military vehicles while operating military communications equipment. The history of Canadian electronic military signals dates from 1903, when the militia-based Canadian Signal Corps was established as the first of its kind in the Commonwealth. Exhibits are arranged chronologically from the World War I era to the recent International Security Assistance Force mission in Afghanistan.  Artefacts of the Great War include a cable wagon restored by local signallers, a switchboard from the first deployments of telephone communications in directing artillery, Morse code equipment and gas masks which signallers would have had to keep at the ready in the event of chemical attack.  The use of encryption, signals intelligence and counterintelligence is also documented, particularly in the World War II era where a break in the Enigma machine cipher by Allied forces would prove to be of decisive strategic value.  Two of the radar antennas from CFS Ramore were donated to the Military Communications and Electronics Museum in Kingston upon Ramore’s closure. The museum also displays a complete, working radioamateur station as a gateway in the Canadian Forces Affiliate Radio System (CFARS); the station's callsigns are CIW64 (CFARS), CIW964 (CFARS gateway) and VE3RCS (radioamateur service).  A war memorial "Canada mourning her fallen sons" is part of the museum and incorporates three plaster models created by sculptor Walter Allward during the design of the Vimy Memorial in France.  A book "Semaphore to Satellite" covering the history of the Canadian Forces Communications and Electronics Branch and its founding elements (Canadian Signalling Corps, Canada Naval Supplementary Radio System and Royal Canadian Air Force Telecommunication Branch) was published in 2013.

The Military Communications and Electronics Museum (Musée de l'électronique et des communications militaires) is a military signals museum on Ontario Highway 2 at CFB Kingston in Kingston, Ontario, Canada. A member organisation of the Organization of Military Museums of Canada, the communications museum was established at the base in 1961 and moved to its current purpose-built building in 1996.


History.

Like its 1766 predecessor, the Limehouse Cut, the Hertford Union Canal was intended to provide a short-cut between the River Thames and the River Lee Navigation. It allowed traffic on the Lea heading for the Thames to bypass the tidal, tortuous and often silted Bow Back Rivers of the Lea via a short stretch of the Regent's Canal, and provided a short-cut from the Lea to places west along the Regent's Canal.  The canal was promoted by Sir George Duckett who succeeded in gaining an Act of Parliament that gained its Royal Assent on 17 May 1824, entitled "An Act for making and maintaining a navigable Canal from the River Lee Navigation, in the parish of St. Mary Stratford Bow, in the county of Middlesex, to join the Regent's Canal at or near a Place called Old Ford Lock, in the parish of St. Matthew Bethnal Green, in the said county of Middlesex."  The Act authorised Duckett to borrow up to £50,000 to fund construction, and to charge tolls for using the canal, initially one shilling (£0.05) per ton of goods carried.  With Francis Giles appointed as engineer, the canal opened in 1830 and was for some years known as Duckett's Canal or Duckett's cut (or passage). It was not a commercial success, and within a year offers to waive the tolls were being made. For several years around the 1850s it was unnavigable, as a dam was built across it to prevent the Regent's Canal losing water to it. After failed attempts to sell it in 1851, it was eventually acquired by the Regent's Canal Company and became a branch of that canal on 28 October 1857. The new owners removed the dam, and deepened and widened the channel. When the Grand Union Canal Company came into existence on 1 January 1929, it became part of that network. Today, it is maintained by the Canal & River Trust.

Route.

The canal starts at Hertford Union Junction between Mile End Lock and Old Ford Lock on the Regent's Canal. It passes along the north of Bow Wharf, redeveloped in the 1990s with shops and bars, and after Grove Road, passes south of Lakeview Estate, completed in 1958. For much of the rest of its route it is bounded on the north by Victoria Park. The canal joins the Lee Navigation just above Old Ford Lock.  Many of the associated locks, bridges and other features around the canal, date from the canal's opening in 1830 and are designated listed structures within a scheduled ancient monument.

Locks.

The locks on this canal have been collectively named Old Ford Three Locks, all lying within the district of Old Ford, but are now individually known as Hertford Union Top, Middle and Bottom locks. They are grouped together towards the north-eastern end, and descend approximately from the Regent's Canal to the Lee Navigation. These locks are all single manual locks, and the largest craft that can use them have a length of 72 feet and a beam of 14 feet.  Proceeding west to east, the locks are:

Hertford Union Top Lock No. 1.

This is lock No.1, and is from the Hertford Union Junction with the Regent's Canal. It is to the south of Victoria Park, with the tail of the lock passing beneath a cast iron footbridge accessing the park from Parnell Road. It has a fall of.  The lock was designated a Grade II listed structure in 1990, and its bottom gates have rare cast iron balance beams. One of the adjacent cottages (No 3 Lock Cottages) is also a Grade II listed building.

Hertford Union Middle Lock No. 2.

The middle lock has a fall of The tail of the lock passes under Cadogan Terrace.

Hertford Union Bottom Lock No. 3.

The lower lock has a fall of. It is just from the junction with the River Lee.  The public house, now the "Top of the Morning", but then the Mitford Castle, by the ramp to the canal, on Wick Road, was where Thomas Briggs – the first victim of a railway murder – was taken to die from his wounds, in July 1864 (see Hackney Wick).

Transport.

The nearest London Overground station is "Hackney Wick"  The canal towpath is open to walkers and cyclists — without permit. At its eastern end, the towpath joins the Lea Valley Walk. At Hackney Wick, the Capital Ring crosses the canal; with section 13 proceeding north-west toward Stoke Newington and section 14, south-east — using The Greenway towards Beckton District Park. The towpath forms part of the "Limehouse Circuit"; commencing at Limehouse Basin and utilising the Limehouse Cut, Lee Navigation, Regent's Canal and Hertford Union in a circular five-mile walk.  The Olympic Park, London was constructed to the east of the Lee Navigation. During the games, the Cut was closed to navigation and used for mooring visiting craft. In the legacy phase of the 2012 Summer Olympics, there is promised access to the Olympic Park and Bow Back Rivers.

The Hertford Union Canal or Duckett's Cut is just over long in the London Borough of Tower Hamlets in East London. It connects the Regent's Canal to the Lee Navigation. It was opened in 1830 but quickly proved to be a commercial failure. It was acquired by the Regents Canal Company in 1857, and became part of the Grand Union Canal in 1927.


Early life and education.

Davenny Wyner was born October 17, 1943 in New Haven, Connecticut where her father, pianist Ward Davenny, was professor of music at Yale University. She was originally trained as a violinist and violist. Following early studies at the Cleveland Institute of Music and the Hartford School of Music, she graduated "summa cum laude" from Cornell University in 1965 with degrees in both comparative English literature and in music. She entered into vocal studies with Herta Glaz from 1969-1975. She received a Fulbright scholarship and a grant from the Ford Foundation, and also won the Walter W. Naumberg Prize.

Career.

Career as soprano.

She made her solo debut as a vocalist with the Boston Symphony Orchestra in 1974. She was a soloist in Georg Handel's "Messiah" under Sir Colin Davis with the Boston Symphony Orchestra. She sang in Ludwig Beethoven's Ninth at the Kennedy Center in Washington D.C. under Leonard Bernstein, who invited her to perform his own "Kaddish" Symphony and "Songfest". Davenny Wyner made her first New York City Opera appearance as Claudio Monteverdi's "Poppea" October 23, 1977. She received critical acclaim as the lead role in Maurice Ravel's opera "L'Enfant et les Sortileges" with Andre Previn; that 1981 recording was reissued in 1995 on the EMI Eminence label. Ms. Wyner made her Metropolitan Opera debut as Woglinde in "Das Rheingold" under Erich Leinsdorf, on October 8, 1981. She also recorded "Erwartung", in 1981.  As a soprano Susan Davenny Wyner had an international career, performing as a soprano soloist with the Boston Symphony Orchestra, Cleveland Orchestra, Israel Philharmonic Orchestra London Symphony Orchestra, Metropolitan Opera, New York City Opera, New York Philharmonic Orchestra, Los Angeles Philharmonic Orchestra, and many others. She obtained regular engagements with notable conductors such as Leonard Bernstein, Sir Colin Davis, Erich Leinsdorf, André Previn, Lorin Maazel, Seiji Ozawa, Robert Shaw, and Michael Tilson Thomas. She was a successful as a performer of music in both historic and modern vernaculars. She regularly premiered works written especially for her, some of which were recorded for Columbia Masterworks, Angel Records/EMI, Composers Recordings, Inc. ("Erwartung") and Musical Heritage Society. In April 1983, her career as a soprano was ended by an automobile/bicycling accident that damaged her vocal chords.

Career as a conductor.

Following her accident, she studied conducting, leading to a subsequent career for which she has received critical acclaim. Davenny-Wyner studied at Yale and Columbia University and received conducting fellowships for study at the Tanglewood Music Festival, the Aspen Music Festival, and the Los Angeles Philharmonic Institute. Since, she has had conducting positions at the New England Conservatory, at the Cleveland Institute of Music, at Wellesley College and Cornell University where she had once studied, at Brandeis University. In 1998, she was the Assistant Conductor at Chicago's Grant Park Music Festival, a position that was created especially for her.  Since 1999 Davenny Wyner has served as the Music Director and Conductor of the Warren Philharmonic Orchestra in Warren, Ohio. She also leads two opera companies as Music Director and Conductor: Opera Western Reserve in Youngstown, Ohio, since its creation in 2004 and the Boston Midsummer Opera since 2007.

Personal life.

Susan Davenny Wyner married Yehudi Wyner (a composer, pianist, conductor, and music educator) in 1967.

Susan Davenny Wyner (born Susan Davenny, October 17, 1943) is a nationally-acclaimed American conductor based in Massachusetts. Davenny Wyner had promising career as a soprano, which was ended by an automobile/bicycling accident that damaged her vocal cords.


Early life.

Hodge was educated at Croftinloan School, an independent junior boarding school in Perthshire, and Trinity College, Glenalmond, also in Perthshire. He studied at Corpus Christi College, Cambridge (BA), and the School of Law of the University of Edinburgh (LL.B.), and worked as a civil servant at the Scottish Office between 1975 and 1978, before being admitted to the Faculty of Advocates in 1983.

Legal career.

Hodge was appointed Standing Junior Counsel to the Department of Energy from 1989 to 1991, and to the Inland Revenue from 1991 to 1996, in which year he took silk. As a QC, his practice was mainly in commercial law, judicial review and property law. He served as a part-time Commissioner on the Scottish Law Commission from 1997–2003, and from 2000 to 2005 was a Judge of the Courts of Appeal of Jersey and Guernsey, and Procurator to the General Assembly of the Church of Scotland.  He was appointed a Senator of the College of Justice in 2005, taking the judicial title, Lord Hodge. Like all Scottish judges on the Supreme Court, he has sat in both the Court of Session and High Court of Justiciary, but had particular responsibility as the Exchequer judge in the Court of Session. On 1 October 2013, Hodge succeeded Lord Hope as a Justice of the Supreme Court of the United Kingdom. On 27 January 2020, Hodge was appointed Deputy President of the Supreme Court, succeeding Lord Reed who became President.

Personal life.

Hodge married Penelope Jane Wigin in 1983, with whom he has two sons and a daughter. His interests include opera and skiing, and he is a member of Bruntsfield Links Golfing Society. He has been a Governor of Merchiston Castle School, Edinburgh, since 1998.

Patrick Stewart Hodge, Lord Hodge, PC (born 19 May 1953) is a Scottish lawyer, currently serving as Deputy President of the Supreme Court of the United Kingdom.


Early years.

Coleman graduated from Northmont High School in Clayton, Ohio in 2006. He was ranked 14th at the position of cornerback according to scout.com for 2006.

College career.

Coleman played college football at Ohio State. At a spring practice during his first year, Coleman tackled wide receiver Tyson Gentry. Gentry became paralyzed. Coleman almost quit the football team before Gentry forgave him during a hospital visit. In 2009, Coleman made 68 tackles, five interceptions and three forced fumbles. He earned first-team All-American honors by "Sporting News" and first-team All-Big Ten honors.

Professional career.

Philadelphia Eagles.

The Philadelphia Eagles selected Coleman in the seventh round (244th overall) of the 2010 NFL Draft. He was the 18th safety selected and the second safety drafted by the Eagles in 2010.

2010.

On June 3, 2010, the Philadelphia Eagles signed Coleman to a four-year, $1.83 million contract that also includes a signing bonus of $43,400.  Throughout training camp, Coleman competed against Nate Allen and Quintin Demps to be the starting free safety after Marlin Jackson ruptured his Achilles tendon. On September 2, 2010, Coleman recorded five combined tackles and returned two fumble recoveries for touchdowns in the Eagles' 21–17 loss to the New York Jets in their fourth preseason game. Head coach Andy Reid named Coleman the backup safety to begin the regular season, behind starters Nate Allen and Quintin Mikell.  He made his professional regular season debut in the Philadelphia Eagles' season-opener against the Green Bay Packers and recorded two solo tackles in their 27–20 loss. He made his first career tackle on wide receiver Jordy Nelson during a 27-yard kick return by Nelson in the first quarter. On November 7, 2010, Coleman collected three combined tackles in the Eagles' 26–24 victory against the Indianapolis Colts. During the second quarter, Coleman received a penalty for unnecessary roughness after he was part of a helmet-to-helmet collision with wide receiver Austin Collie. The hit rendered Collie unconscious and he was immediately carted off the field and was later diagnosed with a concussion. NFL commissioner Roger Goodell chose not to fine Coleman for the hit. In Week 10, Coleman earned his first career start in place of Nate Allen who was inactive due to an injury. He made five combined tackles, deflected a pass, and made his first career interception off a pass by quarterback Donovan McNabb during a 59–28 win at the Washington Redskins. On December 20, 2010, it was reported that Coleman would assume the starting free safety role after Nate Allen sustained a season-ending knee injury against the New York Giants the previous week. In Week 16, he made his second career start and collected a season-high seven solo tackles in a 24–14 loss to the Minnesota Vikings. Coleman was inactive for Eagles' Week 17 loss to the Dallas Cowboys after head coach Andy Reid opted to rest him for the playoffs. He finished his rookie season with 36 combined tackles (31 solo), two pass deflections, and an interception in 15 games and two starts.  The Philadelphia Eagles finished first in the NFC East with a 10–6 record. On January 9, 2011, Coleman started in his first career playoff game and recorded seven combined tackles during a 21–16 loss to the eventual Super Bowl XLV Champions, the Green Bay Packers in the NFC Wildcard Game.

2011.

Coleman entered training camp slated as the starting free safety after Quintin Mikell departed for the St. Louis Rams in free agency. Defensive coordinator Juan Castillo held a competition to name a new starting free safety between Coleman and rookie Jaiquawn Jarrett. Coleman was officially named the starter at free safety, alongside Nate Allen, to begin the regular season.  He started in the Philadelphia Eagles' season-opener at the St. Louis Rams and recorded four solo tackles in their 31–13 victory. In Week 3, Coleman was benched during a 29–16 loss to the New York Giants. Head coach Andy Reid played Jarrad Page in his place and he remained the starter ahead of Coleman for the next two games (Weeks 4–5). Coleman received his starting job back in Week 6 after Page was inactive for three games (Weeks 6–8) due to an injury. On October 16, 2011, Coleman collected seven combined tackles, deflected three passes, and intercepted three passes by quarterback Rex Grossman in the Eagles' 20–13 win at the Washington Redskins in Week 6. He was the first Eagles player since 1966 to have three interceptions in one game. His performance helped snap a four-game losing streak and earned him NFC Defensive Player of the Week. In Week 9, he collected a season-high 12 combined tackles (ten solo) during a 30–24 loss to the Chicago Bears. On November 27, 2011, Coleman made a season-high 11 solo tackles and assisted on a tackle in a 38–20 loss to the New England Patriots in Week 12. On December 28, 2011, the Philadelphia Eagles placed Coleman on injured reserve due to a biceps injury he sustained during a Week 16 win at the Dallas Cowboys. Coleman finished his second season with 78 combined tackles (56 solo), five pass deflections, and four interceptions in 15 games and 13 starts.

2012.

Throughout training camp, Coleman competed against O. J. Atogwe and Jaiquawn Jarrett to maintain his job as the Eagles' starting free safety. Head coach Andy Reid named Coleman and Allen the starting safety duo to begin the 2012 regular season.  He started in the Philadelphia Eagles' season-opener at the Cleveland Browns and recorded five solo tackles, two pass deflections, and intercepted two passes by quarterback Brandon Weeden in the Eagles' 17–16 victory. In Week 3, he collected a season-high nine combined tackles and broke up a pass during a 27–6 loss at the Arizona Cardinals. On October 16, 2012, the Philadelphia Eagles fired defensive coordinator Juan Castillo and promoted their coach of the secondary, Todd Bowles. On October 28, 2012, Coleman collected a season-high eight solo tackles in the Eagles' 30–17 loss to the Atlanta Falcons in Week 8. In Week 13, Coleman made five combined tackles before exiting the Eagles' 38–33 loss at the Dallas Cowboys after suffering an injury to his chest. It was later discovered to be a bruised sternum and Coleman was sidelined for the next two games (Weeks 14–15). On December 31, 2012, it was announced that the Philadelphia Eagles had fired head coach Andy Reid after they finished fourth in the NFC East with a 4–12 record. He finished the season with 93 combined tackles (70 solo), four pass deflections, an interception, and a forced fumble in 14 games and 14 starts.

2013.

Coleman participated in an open competition held by defensive coordinator Billy Davis to name two new starting safeties. During training camp, he competed against Kenny Phillips, Patrick Chung, Colt Anderson, Dave Sims, Nate Allen, and rookies Jordan Poyer and Earl Wolff. Head coach Chip Kelly named Coleman the backup free safety to begin the regular season, behind Patrick Chung. In Week 8, Coleman collected a season-high four combined tackles during a 48–20 win at the Oakland Raiders. He was sidelined for the Eagles' Week 16 victory against the Chicago Bears after straining his hamstring the previous week. Coleman finished his fourth season with 15 combined tackles (14 solo) in 15 games and zero starts.  The Philadelphia Eagles finished first in the NFC East with a 10–6 record in their first season under head coach Chip Kelly. On January 4, 2014, Coleman made one tackle in the Eagles' 26–24 loss to the New Orleans Saints in the NFC Wildcard Game.

2014.

Coleman became an unrestricted free agent after the 2014 season. He attended private visits with multiple teams, including the Minnesota Vikings, Indianapolis Colts, and New York Jets. On April 11, 2014, it was reported by ESPN that Coleman had received a contract offer from the Minnesota Vikings, but was still weighing his options.

Minnesota Vikings.

On April 14, 2014, the Minnesota Vikings signed Coleman to a one-year, $900,000 contract. Throughout training camp, he competed for a job as a backup safety against Jamarca Sanford, Andrew Sendejo, Robert Blanton, Mistral Raymond, Chris Crocker, and Antone Exum. On August 31, 2014, the Minnesota Vikings released Coleman as part of their final roster cuts.

Kansas City Chiefs.

On September 2, 2014, the Kansas City Chiefs signed Coleman to a one-year, $730,000 contract, reuniting him with Andy Reid, who served as his head coach in Philadelphia. Defensive coordinator Bob Sutton named him the backup free safety to start the regular season, behind Eric Berry.  On September 14, 2014, Coleman made his Kansas City Chiefs' debut during a 24–17 loss at the Denver Broncos in Week 2. In Week 4, he made his first start of the season and made one tackle during their 41–14 win against the New England Patriots. On November 9, 2014, Coleman collected a season-high six combined tackles in the Chiefs' 17–13 victory at the Buffalo Bills in Week 10. In Week 17, Coleman made two solo tackles, two pass deflections, and intercepted two passes by Philip Rivers in a 19–7 victory against the San Diego Chargers. He finished his only season with the Kansas City Chiefs with a total of 37 combined tackles (34 solo), six pass deflections, three interceptions, and a forced fumble in 15 games and three starts.

2015.

He became an unrestricted free agent after completing his one-year contract with the Chiefs. Coleman's representatives met with personnel from the Chiefs at the NFL Combine, but both parties were unable to reach an agreement for him to return to Kansas City.

Carolina Panthers.

On March 16, 2015, the Carolina Panthers signed Coleman to a two-year, $2.80 million contract with $600,000 guaranteed. He reunited with defensive coordinator Sean McDermott, who previously coached the Philadelphia Eagles' secondary.  During training camp, Coleman competed against Tre Boston for the job as the starting free safety. Head coach Ron Rivera officially named Coleman the starting free safety to begin the regular season, opposite strong safety Roman Harper.  On November 8, 2015, he made six combined tackles and recorded his first career sack on quarterback Aaron Rodgers in the Panthers' 37–29 win against the Green Bay Packers. In Week 10, Coleman collected five combined tackles, broke up a pass, and intercepted a pass attempt by Marcus Mariota during a 27–10 victory at the Tennessee Titans. On November 26, 2015, Coleman made three combined tackles, deflected a pass, and returned an interception by Tony Romo for a 36-yard touchdown in the Panthers' 33–14 win at the Dallas Cowboys in Week 12. The interception returned for a touchdown marked the first score of his career and also continued his three-game interception streak. On December 13, 2015, he made nine combined tackles, a pass deflection, and intercepted a pass attempt by quarterback Matt Ryan as the Panthers routed the Atlanta Falcons 38–0 in Week 14. The interception marked his seventh pick of the season and became his fifth consecutive game with an interception. The following week, Coleman collected a season-high 13 combined tackles (eight solo) in the Panthers' 38–35 victory at the New York Giants in Week 15. He finished his first season with the Carolina Panthers with 90 combined tackles (55 solo), nine pass deflections, a career-high seven interceptions, a sack, and a touchdown in 15 games and 15 starts. Pro Football Focus gave Coleman the seventh highest overall grade among safeties in 2015.  The Carolina Panthers finished first in the NFC South with a 15–1 record and received home-field advantage and a first round bye. The Panthers began the playoffs by defeating the Seattle Seahawks 31–24 in the NFC Divisional Round. On January 24, 2016, Coleman recorded four combined tackles, two pass deflections, and intercepted two passes by quarterback Carson Palmer during a 49–15 victory against the Arizona Cardinals in the NFC Championship Game. On February 7, 2016, Coleman started in Super Bowl 50 and recorded five combined tackles as the Carolina Panthers lost to the Denver Broncos by a score of 24–10.

2016.

On July 26, 2016, the Carolina Panthers signed Coleman to a three-year, $17 million contract extension that includes $7 million guaranteed.  In Week 4, Coleman collected six solo tackles, deflected a pass, and returned an interception for an eight-yard touchdown during a 48–33 loss at the Atlanta Falcons. On November 27, 2016, Coleman recorded a season-high 11 combined tackles (eight solo) before exiting the Panthers' 35–33 loss at the Oakland Raiders in the fourth quarter due to a concussion. He was sidelined due to the concussion and missed the Panthers' 40–7 loss at the Seattle Seahawks the following week. He finished the season with a career-high 95 combined tackles (66 solo), seven pass deflections, four interceptions, and a touchdown in 15 games and 15 starts. Pro Football Focus gave Coleman an overall grade of 79.2, which ranked him 41st among the 90 NFL safeties that qualified in 2016.

2017.

Defensive coordinator Steve Wilks named Coleman the starting strong safety to begin the regular season, alongside starting free safety Mike Adams. On October 1, 2017, Coleman recorded two combined tackles before exiting in the second quarter of a 33–30 victory at the New England Patriots due to a knee injury. He was declared inactive for the next three games (Weeks 5–7) after it was discovered he sprained his MCL. On December 24, 2017, Coleman collected a season-high ten combined tackles (eight solo) in the Panthers 22–19 win against the Tampa Bay Buccaneers. Coleman was sidelined for the Panthers' Week 17 loss at the Atlanta Falcons after sustaining an ankle injury. He finished the season with 76 combined tackles (51 solo) and three pass deflections in 12 games and 12 starts. Pro Football Focus gave Coleman an overall grade of 47.0, ranking 76th among all qualified safeties in 2017.

2018.

On February 26, 2018, Coleman was released by the Panthers.

New Orleans Saints.

On March 3, 2018, the New Orleans Saints signed Coleman to a three-year, $16.35 million contract that also includes $6.20 million guaranteed and a signing bonus of $4.50 million. He played in 16 games with nine starts, recording 32 tackles and a forced fumble.  On February 21, 2019, Coleman was released by the Saints.

Buffalo Bills.

On July 19, 2019, Coleman signed a one-year contract with the Buffalo Bills.

Personal life.

Coleman co-founded the Ohio State chapter of Uplifting Athletes. Coleman's father, Ron, was diagnosed with breast cancer in December 2006. Ron was an assistant principal at Walter E. Stebbins High School in Riverside, Ohio. Ron Coleman is a physical fitness teacher and a varsity basketball coach at Stebbins High School in Riverside, Ohio for the 2019-2020 school year.

Kurt Coleman (born July 1, 1988) is an American football safety who is currently a free agent. He was drafted by the Philadelphia Eagles in the seventh round of the 2010 NFL Draft. He played college football at Ohio State.


Design.

The HD 15 was a hydroplane with a central hull, characterized by an entirely wooden construction, from the biplane veiling, from the propulsion entrusted to a single engine in the trait configuration and a hull that integrated three separate and open cabins, with the front one, reserved for the pilot, unusually placed in front of the leading edge of the lower wing and directly below the propulsor, while the two rear ones were for the two passengers or the post.

Development.

In the twenties, Heinkel was contacted by the Japanese imperial navy to start the development of a steam powered aircraft catapult for the battle ship Nagato, a technology that facilitated the launch of reconnaissance aircraft, properly seaplanes, directly from the bridge with a considerable saving of time compared to the complex operations of sea launching by cranes.  The studies also attracted the attention of the summits of the Reichsmarine, the German navy of the period, which, however, due to the constraints imposed by the Treaty of Versailles could not explicitly introduce new technologies into their units. However, in 1927 the Ministry of Transport issued a specification for the provision of an aircraft suitable to facilitate and speed up the operations of delivering mail in transatlantic shipping routes, thus equipping large passenger ships of the same catapult technology whose experience could be easily reversed. in the military sphere.  The prototype was built during the year, together with the construction of a suitable catapult on board the transatlantic TS Bremen of the shipping company Norddeutscher Lloyd, then registered as D-1237. The tests on board took place for a limited period of time towards the end of 1928 without the HD 15 being actually used in service. Although the HD 15 remained a prototype only, it formed the basis of the Heinkel HD 55, which entered service with the Soviet Navy.

The Heinkel HD 15 was a single-engine biplane seaplane, developed by the German aeronautical company Heinkel Flugzeugwerke in the late 1920s and remained at the prototype stage.


Geography.

Stratyn used to be a town, and it had two parts which were usually referred as Startyn selo / Stratyn the village (Stratyn-wies in Polish) and Stratyn misto / Stratyn the city (Stratyn-miasto). There was a rathaus (city council) in Stratyn during Austrian times. Stratin is Russian name of the village, which is found on some maps from the Soviet period (1939–1941, 1944–1991), while Stratyn is the Ukrainian and Polish name of this village. In Yiddish its name was Strettin / Staretin (hence the Yiddish adjective forms Strettiner, Stretiner, Stratiner, Stratyner). The village is situated in the valley of a small river or brook, surrounded by forests and fields. In 1932, when Stratyn was part of Poland (during 1918–1932), the town status of Stratyn was canceled by the order of the Minister of Internal Affairs of Poland (September 9, 1932). Prior to this order, Stratyn had just 373 inhabitants (1921) and at the time was the smallest town in the entire Ivano-Frankivsk (Stanislawow) province.  Nowadays, Stratyn is a large village, about 12 km from the district center of Rohatyn.

History.

In this village, around 1600, there was opened one of the first printing houses in Ukraine. The printers who used to work here included Hedeon Balaban, Pamvo Berynda (one of the first printers on Ukrainian lands). It was namely in 1599 that the third printshop in Ukraine was founded in the village of Stratyn, and another was established in the village of Krylos, near Halych (Galich). There is monument to the Ukrainian writer Taras Shevchenko in Startyn. The last was erected quite recently, after the collapse of Soviet system.

Jewish community.

Stratyn had a Jewish community, that gave name to the Stretiner Hasidic dynasty. At the Jewish cemetery of Startyn there is a grave chapel of Stratyn tsaddik, of so-called Strettener Chasids. Chapel was erected quite recently with efforts being led by R Aharon Yakov Brandwein the previous stretiner Rebba of Borough Park. With much help from the Lviv Jewish Community (by Melekh Sheykhet). In the adjacent table, it is written in Ukrainian to the local village people to honour the place of Jewish righteous zaddiks who will pray for you. To restore these grave monuments of Hassidic tsaddiks, it took much efforts and diligence, as they were deep underneath in the ground already. Prayer books in Hebrew (printed in Israel) are available in the chapel.  The most known Stratyn Hassidic rabbis were rabbi Avrohom (Avraham) of Stretin, rabbi Yehudah Tzvi (Zewi) of Stretin (Yuda Zvi di Stretin in Spanish. He was called the Sage of Stratyn also) and the holy Admor R' Moshe of Stretin.

Stratyn (Ukrainian: Стратин, "Stretin") is a village and rural municipality in western Ukraine. It lies in Rohatyn Raion of Ivano-Frankivsk Oblast of Ukraine, in the centre of the historic area of Halychyna (Galicia / Galizien / Galicja / Galizia), formerly in Austrian empire (1772–1918), Poland (1365–1772, 1918–1939) and USSR (1939–1941, 1944–1991). The current population is 561 inhabitants. The old name of the village was Striatyn.


Early life.

Beck grew up in Invercargill. His father is a former museum and art gallery director and gemologist. His mother is a teacher.  His family loved machines. He developed an interest in powerful engines as a teenager, and he spent time working on an old Mini and turbocharging it.  As a child he wanted to build rockets when he grew up. His high school careers counsellor requested a meeting with his parents because they were concerned that his dream job didn't fit any "pre-defined boxes" and was "absurdly unachievable".

Career.

He describes the course of his career as "enabling me to learn more, or provide resources to ultimately build bigger and better rockets".  Beck left home at 17 to become a toolmaking apprentice at Fisher & Paykel. While working there he used the company workshop to experiment with rockets. He never attended university.  He later worked at Industrial Research (now Callaghan Innovation). He worked on smart materials, composites and superconductors. While working there he met Stephen Tindall, who later invested in Rocket Lab.

Rocket Lab.

Beck established Rocket Lab in 2006 and in November 2009 it became the first private company in the Southern Hemisphere to reach space, with its Ātea-1 sounding rocket. The company did not continue the sounding rocket launches, instead moving on to orbital launch business. The company developed the two-stage liquid-fueled Electron rocket, whose first flight was in May 2017. The maiden flight was unsuccessful. In January 2018 they reached orbit for the first time, deploying three CubeSats for customers (and one satellite of their own, the Humanity Star). By mid-2019 they had successfully launched in total seven similar missions.

Awards.

Beck has been awarded the Meritorious Medal from the Royal Aeronautical Society for service of an exceptional nature to New Zealand aviation. He was also awarded the Royal Society's Cooper Medal. In 2014 he won the Innovation in Design and Engineering Award at the NZ Innovators Awards, and in 2016 he was named EY Entrepreneur of the Year. Beck was named an adjunct professor of aerospace engineering by the University of Auckland in 2019, though he never attended university himself.

Personal life.

Beck is married to an engineer, and has two children.

Peter Beck is a New Zealand engineer, and founder and Chief Executive of aerospace manufacturer and smallsat launch service provider Rocket Lab.


Church of the Assumption of the Blessed Virgin Mary, Budslau

History.

First time the church was mentioned in documents in 1504, when the Grand Duke Alexander granted Vilnius Bernardines 6000 morgens of forest in the Minsk district. Monks lived for 2-4 people in the buildings, also they had a chapel.  In 1591 a wooden church of Visitation was built, in which there was the miraculous icon of the Mother of Our Lady, the last was brought by Jan Pats from Rome (a gift from Pope Clement VIII) in 1598 and transferred to the church in 1613. In 1643 a new church was built, and in 1750 - a residential housing. The construction of a new church was started on June 29, 1767; some walls of the chapel of 17th century were used during this construction.  In 1783 the church was consecrated in honor of the Dormition of the Mother of God. During the second half of the 18th century there were added various rooms to the church. Since 1756 there was a music school at the monastery, and in 1793-1842 - two-year school and a hospital. In 1731-1797 the moral theology and rhetoric was studied in the theological school, the number of monks was about 4-17 people.  The temple was closed in 1852, some of his monks took part in the uprising of 1863-64.  The house of the priest of 19th century preserved near the temple.

Architecture.

The temple is three-nave two-towered basilica without apse with a transept. The main facade with two towers on the sides decorated with rich plastics: pilasters, engaged columns. The interior covered with barrel vaults. Spherical dome is located at the intersection of the main nave and transept. In the chapel of St. Barbara carved wooden altar of the Annunciation of the Blessed Virgin Mary is located (around 1643) - one of the most outstanding early Baroque monuments in Belarus. The back sides of the altar are resolved in a Corinthian colonnade, which serves as the scenes for 20 sculptures. The excellent frescoes of the church survived to our time without later changes.

Church of the Assumption of the Blessed Virgin Mary () is a former Bernardine, now parish Catholic Church in village Budslau, Myadzyel Raion, Minsk Region, Belarus. The church is a monument of architecture of the late Baroque, it has Budslau icon of Our Lady - one of the most revered Catholic images. In 1996 Pope John Paul II proclaimed this icon the patron of Belarus.


Etymology.

The name "Zanë/Zërë" probably derives from, 'voice', with the sense of muse. Alternatively, it may be a cognate of the Latin "Diāna" and Romanian "zână/zînă". From this point of view, it may be related to Proto-Indo-European "Dyeus" ('bright, sky, deity'), both ultimately deriving from "*dyeu"'sky'. An Arbëreshë variant of the name is "Zónja" or "Zónja të Jáshtëme", the latter is found also in standard Albanian as "Jashtësme", an euphemism of "Zana", while "zonjë" is the common term for "lady".

Attributes.

Zana is considered to have been the local pre-Roman deity of vegetation, the Albanian equivalent of the Roman goddess Diana, however there is no conclusive evidence of this. Zana may also be related to the Thracian goddess Bendis. The original Zana was escorted by three wild goats with golden horns. In Northern Albania and Kosovo every mountain was said to have its own zana, who appeared as a fair maiden found bathing naked in mountain streams. The zana is believed to be extremely courageous, a formidable opponent, who can bestow her protection on warriors. In Albanian there is a notable expression, "Ai ishte trim si zana", meaning, "He was as brave as a fairy", used to refer to very courageous individuals. The zana is believed to have the power to petrify humans with a glance..

Fate.

In northern Albania, the zana are represented—similarly to the ora and to the southern Albanian fatí—as a group of three mythological goddesses who congregate in the night to decide the baby's destiny at birth and distribute their favors. Three types of Fates are believed to exist among the inhabitants of the Dukagjini highlands: e Bardha (the White One) distributes good luck and provides humans well, e Verdha (the Yellow One) distributes bad luck and castes evil spells, and e Zeza (the Black One) decides death.

Appearances in folklore.

The zana appear in many folktales and in the Albanian oral tradition. A zana appears, for example, in the Albanian folktale "The Lover's Grave". She appears to a young army captain, Bedri, who prostrates himself at her feet and must be reassured that she means him no harm. On the contrary, she warns Bedri to beware a wooden beam and a doe, and that he is not safe when he is "at the root". Bedri goes on to meet a beautiful woman, with whom he elopes, pursued by soldiers who know from his pronunciation of the word for "wooden beam" that he comes from an area with which they are at war. Bedri learns that his beloved's name is Dre, meaning doe, and the soldiers capture and kill the couple outside the town of Nderendje - the name of which means "at the root". They are comparable with the Valkyries of the Nordic mythology, and other branches of Balkan and European folklore like that of the Romanian zina and southern Slav Vila.  From "Albanian literature" by Robert Elsie:  "Lahuta e Malcís", a classic work of Albanian folk tradition published in the 1920s, includes several appearances by zana. In one canto the zana of the Šar Mountains watches over local noblemen as they rally against the Treaty of San Stefano (which awarded areas hitherto under Albanian rule to Prince Nikola of Montenegro), and delights in their speeches and rhetoric. In another, the "great zana" issues a call to arms for all willing Albanian men to avenge the murder of the maiden Tringa by Slav bandits.

Zana ("Zanë" in Gheg or "Zërë" in Tosk pl. "zanë/t", "Zonjë" in Arbëreshë) is an Albanian mythological figure of pre-Roman Paleo-Balkan origin, usually associated with mountains, vegetation and sometimes destiny. The zana are thought to have observed the speeches at the League of Prizren at 1878. Similar Albanian mythological figures are: Ora, Bardha, Shtojzovalle, Mira and Fatí.


Racing career.

Taylor was the Scottish Sidecar Champion with passenger Lewis Ward in 1977. He won races at East Fortune near Haddington, Beveridge Park in Kirkcaldy and at Knockhill near Dunfermline as well events in England with some success. In 1978 he decided to tackle the odd Grand Prix race and the British Championships and parted company with Ward and teamed up with a new passenger from nearby Haddington called Jimmy Neil. It took some time for the new partnership to gel but by the end of the season they were regularly winning races in England. In 1979 Taylor acquired a Seymaz hub centre steering type outfit and found it not to his liking after two accidents that left Jimmy Neil with a fractured wrist and caused the death of stand-in passenger Dave Powell at Oulton Park in a high-speed crash. With Neil still injured, Taylor used veteran passenger Jimmy Law for the German GP at Hockenheim on his old Windle framed Yamaha where they finished fifth. Although Neil returned at Assen in Holland, it was when he teamed up with former Swedish 125 cc rider Benga Johansson that Taylor took his first Grand Prix victory at the Swedish TT at Karlskoga shortly after. There were further successes towards the end of 1979 in Britain where he finished runner-up in the British Championship behind Dick Greasley. In 1980, Taylor and Benga Johansson won 4 Grand Prix races, and finished on the podium in all seven events they finished. He won the British Championship and won the Isle of Man Sidecar B race to win the Sidecar TT overall. In 1981 he retained his British title and he went on to become a four-time TT race winner. In 1982 Taylor and Johansson raised the sidecar lap record at the Isle of Man TT to 108.29 mph (ca. 175 km/h), a lap record which stood for 7 years.

Death.

In the 1982 Finnish Grand Prix, held in Imatra under very wet conditions, Taylor and Johansson's bike aquaplaned and slid off the road and collided with a telephone pole along the closed public road course that was used once a year for the Finnish GP. The emergency services were removing him from the wreckage when a second sidecar team slid off into them. Taylor was sadly killed in the second accident. He was buried in the local cemetery at Pencaitland, and a memorial to him has been erected in the village in December 2006. A memorial also stands in Beveridge Park, Kirkcaldy, overlooking Railway Bend on the old motorcycle racing circuit. Jock Taylor has also a memorial in Imatra, near the paddock of Finnish championship racetrack.

Restoration.

Jock's World championship, and TT 108.29 mph lap record-winning sidecar was bought by friend and fellow competitor Jack Muldoon from Jock's sponsor Dennis Trollope. Jack rescued Jock's outfit from the 5-man consortium who were supposed to restore the bike to its original condition and display it in a museum in Alford, Aberdeenshire. That never happened in the four years that it lay up in Alford in bits in a shed.  Jack Muldoon and family bought Jock's bike in March 2012 and started the restoration work immediately. The sidecar was completely stripped to a bare chassis, with months spent with emery cleaning and polishing the chassis. Due to the 26 years it lay at Donington in the museum and then 4 years up in Aberdeen, the chassis and all components were covered in rust and everything was seized: every component on the bike had to be stripped and cleaned, all bearings in all parts of the chassis were replaced, and the engine was completely rebuilt. It was done with the help of Bill Howarth and Dennis Trollope for all the Yamaha TZ700 parts required in the engine rebuild; Terry Windle, Stuart Mellor, Lockheed, HEL Performance Brake Pipes, Paul Drake Koni Shockers, Yolst Silkoline Oils. By August the restoration was 90% complete – it was the first time in 30 years that the TZ700 engine had run, and it was paraded at the Jock Taylor Memorial race weekend at East Fortune near Edinburgh in August 2012, a few miles from where Jock was born and brought up.

Annual Jock Taylor Memorial Race.

In the year following his death an annual end of season race was established at Knockhill called the Jock Taylor Trophy and it has always attracted the very best crews. Every year sidecar racers travel from all over the UK to race in what has become a prestigious race. In 2012, the race was held at East Fortune where Taylor started his racing career nearly 40 years ago.

Jock Taylor (9 March 1954 – 15 August 1982) was a Scottish World Champion motorcycle sidecar racer. John Robert (Jock) Taylor was born in Pencaitland, East Lothian, and entered his first sidecar race at the age of 19, as the passenger to Kenny Andrews (1974). The following year he took part in his first race as a driver. Taylor died in Finland as a consequence of a racing incident in 1982.


Life and career.

The daughter of a seamstress, who had herself previously considered a career in acting, Dalayman went on to become a student at the Stockholm Opera Conservatory. Whilst still at college, she had already sung Sieglinde (from Wagner's "Die Walküre") in public. Her debut was as Amelia in Verdi's "Simon Boccanegra" at the Royal Opera Stockholm in 1991.  Since then, notable engagements have included Marie in "Wozzeck" at Stuttgart (1993), Metropolitan Opera (2001) and the Royal Opera House, Covent Garden (2001), Brangäne in "Tristan und Isolde" at New York Met (2002), Kundry in "Parsifal" at Paris Opera (2001) and Dresden (2008), Sieglinde at Covent Garden (2005), and Brünnhilde in the Stockholm Ring Cycle (2005-2008).  Later engagements included Brünnhilde in Aix en Provence (2008) and at the Metropolitan Opera (2009) and at the Osterfestspiele Salzburg (2009–10); Judith (Bluebeard's Castle) in the Gran Teatre del Liceu, Barcelona (2008); Isolde at the New York Met (2008); Brünnhilde; Kundry at the New York Met (2013).  After training to a mezzosoprano, she returned and sang Fricka and Waltraute in the 2017 brief revival of Valdemar-Holm's Wagner Ring Cycle in Stockholm. In the beginning of 2018 she created a well reviewed Klytaemnestra in the revival of Valdemar Holm's Elektra (the same production she sang the main role Elektra in 2009), also in Stockholm.  Dalayman's recordings include: Berg – "Wozzeck" (Marie/Marietta), Berwald – "Estrella de Soria" (Zulma), Johan Hammerth – Stockholms Kantat, Korngold – "Die Tote Stadt" (Marie/Marietta), Wagner – "Götterdämmerung" (Brünnhilde), Wagner – "Tristan und Isolde" (Brangäne), and Wagner – "Parsifal" (Kundry).  With her sister Maria Dalayman and tenor Thomas Sunnegårdh Dalayman runs the opera agency Good Company.

Personal life.

Dalayman lives in Stockholm, Sweden, and has two sons.

Katarina Dalayman (born January 25, 1963 in Stockholm) is a Swedish former soprano that has transitioned into a mezzosoprano. She has found critical acclaim singing major operatic roles by composers such as Wagner, Berg, Shostakovich and Bartók, among others. In a recent interview, she commented that Wagner's music "[has] always been closest to my heart, always, since I started singing".


Rock Climbing Routes.

Liberty Bell Mountain features 18 named traditional climbing routes. "Liberty Crack" is featured in "Fifty Classic Climbs of North America". The first ascent was on September 27, 1946 by Fred Beckey, Jerry O’Neil, and Charles Welsh by way of what is now known as the Beckey route.  Climbing Routes on Liberty Bell Mountain

Climate.

Weather fronts originating in the Pacific Ocean travel northeast toward the Cascade Mountains. As fronts approach the North Cascades, they are forced upward by the peaks of the Cascade Range (Orographic lift), causing them to drop their moisture in the form of rain or snowfall onto the Cascades. As a result, the west side of the North Cascades experiences high precipitation, especially during the winter months in the form of snowfall. During winter months, weather is usually cloudy, but, due to high pressure systems over the Pacific Ocean that intensify during summer months, there is often little or no cloud cover during the summer. Because of maritime influence, snow tends to be wet and heavy, resulting in high avalanche danger. The North Cascades Highway east of Washington Pass has the distinction of being among the top areas in the United State for most avalanche paths per mile of highway.

Geology.

The North Cascades features some of the most rugged topography in the Cascade Range with craggy peaks, ridges, and deep glacial valleys. Geological events occurring many years ago created the diverse topography and drastic elevation changes over the Cascade Range leading to the various climate differences.  The history of the formation of the Cascade Mountains dates back millions of years ago to the late Eocene Epoch. With the North American Plate overriding the Pacific Plate, episodes of volcanic igneous activity persisted. In addition, small fragments of the oceanic and continental lithosphere called terranes created the North Cascades about 50 million years ago. Like many of the peaks of the Washington Pass area, Liberty Bell Mountain is carved from granite of the Golden Horn batholith.  During the Pleistocene period dating back over two million years ago, glaciation advancing and retreating repeatedly scoured the landscape leaving deposits of rock debris. The "U"-shaped cross section of the river valleys are a result of recent glaciation. Uplift and faulting in combination with glaciation have been the dominant processes which have created the tall peaks and deep valleys of the North Cascades area.

Liberty Bell Mountain is located in the North Cascades, approximately one mile south of Washington Pass on the North Cascades Highway. Liberty Bell is the most northern spire of the Liberty Bell Group, a group of spires which also includes Concord Tower, Lexington Tower, North Early Winters Spire, and South Early Winters Spire.


Life.

Laing was born in Newcastle upon Tyne in 1936. He grew up during World War II and experienced the Battle of Britain as young boy.  He attended the Royal Military Academy Sandhurst and served with the Royal Northumberland Fusiliers as a lieutenant in Ireland and Germany. He soon realized that the military was not what he was looking for and attended Saint Martin's School of Art in London.  At the beginning of the 1960s, while still at Saint Martin's, Laing was introduced to artists in New York City. He met Andy Warhol, Roy Lichtenstein, Jim Rosenquist and Robert Indiana. After art school he moved there, and with his connections, his art career began to take off.

Career.

Laing's career took him from the avant-garde world of 1960s pop art, through minimalist sculpture, followed by representational sculpture and then back full circle to his pop art roots.  In 1993 the Fruitmarket Gallery in Edinburgh staged a retrospective exhibition of his work.  In 2012 Sims Reed Gallery staged an exhibition of his prints and multiples, his most comprehensive show of work to date.  Laing did a series of anti-war paintings, based primarily on photographs from the atrocities at Abu Ghraib. These paintings were the beginning of his return to pop art. They were followed in 2004 by a series of Amy Winehouse paintings, as well as a painting of Victoria Beckham and Kate Moss.  On 19 February 2012 a bronze sculpture by Laing, "Dreamer", was stolen from Kelvingrove Art Gallery and Museum in Glasgow.  In February 2014, Laing's Brigitte Bardot painting from 1963 work sold for £902,500 in an auction at Christie's in London, a record sum for the artist.  Sims Reed Gallery represents the Estate of Gerald Laing.

Works.

Notable works include:

Gerald Ogilvie Laing (11 February 1936 – 23 November 2011) was a British pop artist and sculptor. He lived in the Scottish Highlands.


Distribution.

"Schizoglossa novoseelandica novoseelandica" is found on the North Island, New Zealand. Localities include Kakepuku mountain in the Waikato, Wainuiomata in the Wellington Region, Toko near Stratford, Cape Egmont, and Mount Messenger Conservation Area in Taranaki, Bushy Park and Hunterville in the Manawatu-Whanganui Region, Whangarei Heads in Northland, Ohingaiti, the Kaimai Ranges between Waikato and the Bay of Plenty, and the Mount Tongariro/Lake Taupo area.  Subfossil and very large shells (that were believed to belong to this species in 1913) were found in cave near Tahora, Manawatu-Whanganui and in Mangaone Cave near Nuhaka in Hawke's Bay Region.

Shell description.

"Schizoglossa novoseelandica" was originally described under the name "Daudebardia novoseelandica" by the German malacologist Ludwig Karl Georg Pfeiffer in 1862. He described the species based only the shell, which the German geologist Ferdinand von Hochstetter had brought back from New Zealand. The specific name "novoseelandica" is combination of the Latin word "novus" which means "new" and part of the German word "Neuseeland" which means New Zealand. The shell of the type specimen is stored in the Imperial Natural History Museum in Vienna.  Pfeiffers's original text (the type description) is very short: first is shell characteristics in Latin and then incorrect statement in German that it is the largest "Daudebardia". A mistake happened because he was not able to examine different anatomical characteristics. It reads as follows:  The shell is rudimentary, auriform, thin, opaque, oval, increasing irregularly. The protoconch is first smooth, then spirally grooved. The sculpture of the adult volution is somewhat irregularly and rather distantly spirally grooved, the grooves crossed by coarse irregular and arcuate growth wrinkles. The shell is colorless, glossy chestnut shaded to greenish yellow at the margin. The spire is tinged with reddish brown. The color of the ventral side of the shell is nacreous, gleaming white and purple. The columellar lip is white. The periostracum is thin and polished. The color of periostracum is greenish-olive. The spire is quite flat. The protoconch is of 11⁄2 rapidly increasing whorls. The protoconch is flatly convex, one-seventh of the total length, regular, well defined. The shell has two whorls. The adult half whorl is the most rapidly increasing, fingernail-shaped, descending at the suture. The suture is deep. The peristome is thin and sharp, the upper lip very little curved. The outer lip is regularly rounded. The basal lip is nearly straight. The columella is very short, subvertical. Inner lip is thickly callous, terminating below in 1 or several minute tubercles, and spreading broadly above over the parietal wall. The inside of the aperture is strongly callous in the centre and towards the columella, where there is a well-impressed muscular scar of the columellar muscle. A second elongated muscle-scar is situated on the inner side of the basal lip.  The width of the shell of the type specimen is 10 mm, the height of the shell is 2.5 mm, the diameter is 7 mm. The width of the shell in a very large specimen is 32.5 mm, the height of the shell is 6 mm, the diameter is 19.5 mm.

Anatomy.

The length of specimen contracted in alcohol is 20 mm, the height and breadth are 9 mm. Behind the shell, which is situated upon the hinder half of the body, the tail projects slightly. The end of the tail is flat, has no caudal mucous pit, and is bluntly pointed. The margin of the foot is produced into a slight flange. A pair of grooves running along the median line from the mantle to the muzzle define a row of small tubercles. Right and left, between this median line and the foot-edge, 2 indistinct grooves can be traced from the mantle to the lips. Posterior to these, the surface is divided into tubercles by small irregular grooves meandering outwards and downwards. The mantle has an even margin, with 2 small lappets on the under-side; the right proceeds forward from a little behind the respiratory pore (pneumostome), extends to almost one-third of the length of the mantle-margin, and forms a narrow fold; the left is minute, simply a rudiment, and in some specimens it is difficult to detect. The sole of the foot is without a defined median area. Two small labial tentacles are present. The color is reddish-brown, splashed with black, and darkest above. The mantle and sole are ashy-yellow.  The radula is 12 mm long and 3 mm in width. It has 61 rows of denticles (tiny teeth). There is sometimes a rudimentary tooth in the centre of some rows. The number of lateral teeth varying from 24 to 28. Charles Hedley described radula formula with 26 teeth: 24 + 0 + 24 × 61 while Robert C. Murdoch described radula formula with usual 26 teeth: 26 + 0 + 26 × 61. The innermost four teeth are small and slender, then they increase rapidly in size. The 25th tooth is rather smaller than the 24th, and the 26th is minute and occasionally absent.  The digestive system contains enormous buccal mass in size and muscular development. The pharynx (the largest part of buccal mass) is so large, occupying almost the whole length of the visceral cavity. The esophagus enters to the buccal cavity dorsally in the anterior fourth. The stomach forms a simple elongated sac.  The reproductive system is remarkable for extreme reduction of male organs and the absence of receptaculum seminis (spermatheca). The male organ (penis) is a short tube, and exhibits little difference from the vas deferens, except that it is slightly wider; the latter is a short tube not sharply marked off from the verge. The albumen gland is large.

Ecology.

Habitat.

"Schizoglossa novoseelandica" usually lives in rainforest under logs, but it can hunt its prey a few metres above the ground in the trees.

Feeding habits.

"Schizoglossa novoseelandica" is carnivorous and predatory, preferring snails "Otoconcha dimidiata" from the subfamily Otoconchinae, family Charopidae and also feeding on earthworms and on its own species (cannibalism).

Life cycle.

The egg is white, hard-shelled, oval and coarsely granular. The size of the eggs of "Schizoglossa novoseelandica" ranges from 4 × 3 mm to 4.5 × 3.75 mm. Eggs are laid in August, and they are found principally under a good thickness of decaying fern-leaves, in little heaps of from 6 to as many as 14.

Parasites.

A parasitic nematode "Angiostoma schizoglossae" Morand & Barker, 1995 was described from "Schizoglossa novoseelandica" in 1995.

References.

This article incorporates public domain text from references

Schizoglossa novoseelandica is a predatory species of air-breathing land slug or semi-slug, a terrestrial gastropod mollusc in the family Rhytididae. It is the type species of the genus "Schizoglossa" and is found only in New Zealand. The survival of this species is not threatened; it is not listed in the 2009 "IUCN Red List" nor is it in the 2005 "New Zealand Threat Classification System lists".


Biography.

Early life.

Maria Sofia De la Gardie was born to count Jacob De la Gardie and Ebba Brahe. She was the sister of Magnus Gabriel De la Gardie, the favorite of Queen Christina, Queen of Sweden and the sister-in-law of Princess Countess Palatine Maria Eufrosyne of Zweibrücken, the cousin of the queen. She was born and raised in Swedish Estonia, where her father was governor of Reval. In 1643, she married baron Gustaf Gabrielsson Oxenstierna (1613–1648), nephew of regent Axel Oxenstierna (1583–1654) who succeeded her father as governor of Estonia. As was the custom in 17th century Swedish nobility, she kept her own name also after marriage. Both her own family and the family of her spouse was extremely wealthy. During his absence, she managed his estates.

Life at court.

After the death of her spouse in 1648, she became the guardian of her two underage daughters and responsible of the vast estates of the family. After the death of her father in 1652, she was given the responsibility of several estates also after him, making her one of the greater landowners in Sweden.  Maria Sofia was described as a great beauty, temperamental, forceful and talented, and could speak both French and German fluently. She was close to her brother Magnus Gabriel, the favorite of the monarch, and it was possibly because of him that she was showered with gifts from the monarch. She was given an allowance which helped her sort out her affairs, and her late spouse was posthumously granted the title of count, giving her the title and rank of precedence of countess at court. In 1651, she was appointed head lady-in-waiting, first with the title Court Mistress ("Hovmastarinna") but soon with the title Chief Court Mistress ("Overhovmastarinna"), the highest office for a female at the royal court, though it was split on several people during the reign of Christina. She often hosted the queen at her residence Tyresö Palace, were the monarch liked to hunt.  In 1649, there was reports of a possible marriage with the heir to the throne, future King Charles X of Sweden. The Danish ambassador reported about them in November that year. The plans was never realized, but the rumors continued until 1652. They were possibly staged by Queen Christina of Sweden as a way of avoiding the pressure of Christina to marry Charles. In reality, they are not considered to have been serious if they did occur. It is however known that she was proposed to by the Duke of Croy. Maria Sofia had many suitors but preferred to stay unmarried.  It is known that she passionately supported her brother when he fell from grace in 1653, but this does not seem to have affected neither his nor her own position. With some exceptions, such as Ebba Sparre, lady Jane Ruthven and Louise van der Nooth, Christina did not show any interest in her female courtiers, and generally mentions them only to express contempt over their femininity and portray herself as more masculine than them. After the abdication of Christina in 1654, Maria Sofia left court to devote her life to her industrial interests, for which she has become known in history.

Industrial activity.

Maria Sofia De la Gardie resided in Tyresö Palace, from where she managed her estates around the Baltic Sea. On her brothers suggestion she made a study trip to the Netherlands, to study the industrial life. She was interested in cattlebreeding and gardening. She managed glovemaking and a brassmakery. Her most successful enterprise was a textile industry: by the energy of waterfalls on her estate, she manufactured the broadcloth and textiles which equipped to the army.  During the 1650s, De la Gardie engaged in banking activity and competed with her competitor, Stockholms Banco, by taking up large loans in the bank and then using the sums by lending it to the customers in her own bank: this was initially very lucrative, but eventually, problems enabled the Stockholms Banco to confiscate and sell her banking security.  Maria Sofia De la Gardie took part in the pacification of Skåne by acquiring several estates there after it had been incorporated into Sweden in 1658. In 1667, she bought Krapperup Castle and managed a colliery for export. She built ships, exported timber and grain, founded papermills and fabricated linseed oil.  During the famous Katarina witch trial in Stockholm in 1676, the main witness Lisbeth Carlsdotter, inspired by the Gävle-Boy, tried to implicate her and her sister-in-law Maria Eufrosyne for witchcraft. This accusation was not taken seriously and never brought to trial, but rather, it damaged the credibility of the witness to such a point which eventually led to the end of the whole witch hunt.  At the Great Reduction of King Charles XI of Sweden in the 1680s, most of her and her brothers property was confiscated by the crown, something which affected her deeply. She died in 1694.

Maria Sofia De la Gardie (1627 – 22 August 1694) was a Swedish noble, countess, courtier, banker and industrialist entrepreneur. She is most known for her industrial enterprises, and she has been referred to as the first female grand entrepreneur of her country. She served as "överhovmästarinna" to Queen Christina of Sweden.


Life.

Mahmut Esat was born to Hasan Bey of Hacı Mahmutoğulları in Kuşadası, Aydın Vilayet during the Ottoman Empire era in 1892. He finished the idadi (high school) in İzmir in 1908, and graduated from İstanbul University's School of Law in 1912. He traveled to Fribourg, Switzerland for further studies. He completed his doctorate thesis "Du régime des capitulations ottomanes" ("On the Capitulations of the Ottoman Empire") with "summa cum laude", "highest honor" at the University of Fribourg. In Lausanne, he served as the leader of the Turkish Student Association.  In 1919, after Greek landing at Smyrna, he returned home to join the nationals in the Turkish War of Independence. He secretly traveled in an Italian ship, which was carrying ammunition to the Italian occupation troops in Anatolia. Although he was arrested by the Italians, he managed to escape.

Politics.

He became a member of the Turkish parliament established on 23 April 1920. He held this post up to his death in 1943. Before the proclamation of the Republic in the 4th cabinet of the Executive Ministers of Turkey, he was appointed Minister of Economy on 12 July 1922. He held this post in the 5th cabinet of the Executive Ministers of Turkey up to 24 September 1923. After the Republic was proclaimed on 29 October 1923, he was elected a deputy of İzmir and served as Minister of Justice in the 3rd, 4th and the 5th government of Turkey between 22 November 1924 – 27 September 1930. As Minister of Justice, he was member of the Reform Council for the East () who prepared the Report for Reform in the East () which recommended to resettlement of the Kurds and the prohibition of non-Turkish languages. It was Mahmut Esat, who introduced the Swiss Civil Code in Turkey in 1926. Mahmut Esat is known as the progenitor of Turkish civil code. The preamble of the code written by Mahmut Esat is considered to reflect the philosophy of Turkish Revolution.

Later years.

After resigning from the post of Justice Minister, he became a professor at Ankara University and taught International law at the Law School and Constitutional law at the Faculty of Political Science. He authored the books "Lotus Davasında Türkiye-Fransa Müdafaaları" (1927), "Türk İhtilalinde Vatan Müdafaası" (1934), "Türk Köylü ve İşçilerinin Hakları" (1939), "Devletlerarası Hak" (1940), "Atatürk İhtilali" (1940) and "Aksak Timur’un Devlet Politikası" (1943).  He died from intracerebral hemorrhage in Istanbul on 21 December 1943.

"Lotus" case.

Mahmut Esat was also known by his struggles in an international trial named the "Lotus" case. On 2 August 1926, a French streamship named S.S. "Lotus" collided on high seas with the Turkish steamer S.S. "Boz-Kourt" causing the death of eight Turkish seamen. As the lieutenant on watch duty of the French vessel was arrested by the Turkish government, French government accused Turkey in the Permanent Court of International Justice claiming that Turkey had no right to arrest any French person. The French side was represented in court by the renowned law professor Jules Basdevant. Mahmut Esat personally defended the Turkish position in court. The court rejected France's position.

Mahmut Esat Bozkurt (1892–21 December 1943) was a Turkish jurist, politician, government minister and academic. His birth name was Mahmut Esat. But after the adaptation of the Turkish Surname Law in 1934, he chose the surname "Bozkurt" in remembrance of the Grey Wolf, a symbol for Turkdom. The surname also refers to Turkish steamer S.S. "Bozkurt" in Lotus case.


Early life and education.

Silikyan was born in the town of Vartashen in the Nukhinsky Uyezd of Elisabethpol Governorate (present-day Oguz in Azerbaijan), then part of the Russian Empire. He was of Udi origin.  Silikyan graduated from the Moscow Military Gymnasium, Alexandrople Military School and the officer rifle school.

Military career.

From 1884 Silikyan served in the Russian Army, being promoted from battalion adjutant to division commander. On the eve of the First World War, he was the deputy commander of the forces stationed in Yerevan, part of the Caucasus Army.

World War I - Caucasus Campaign.

In 1915 during the early stages of World War I, Colonel Silikyan commanded a regiment during the Van Resistance. In 1916, he took part in the taking of Mush during the Battle of Mush. He also gained Bitlis during the Battle of Bitlis. He participated in the assault of the Battle of Erzerum.  After his regiment entered Erzurum, Silikyan was promoted to General. He was rewarded with many governmental honors, including the Order of St. George following his 1916 victories in the Battles of Erzerum and Bitlis. He was promoted to Major General before the Russian Revolution.

First Republic of Armenia.

After the Russian Revolution of 1917, the Russian Caucasus Army disintegrated and Silikyan left the Russian army. People from Georgia, Azerbaijan and Armenia struggled to determine how to proceed, and began to organize their own military forces and governments.  When the Armenians reorganized their units, Silikyan became the commander of the 1st Armenian rifle division in January 1918. In 1918, he effectively commanded the Armenian forces in Yerevan. With the declaration of independence of the First Republic of Armenia on April 24, 1918, his forces united under the Armenian military. Within a short period, Silikyan created combat-effective regular units and prepared them to repulse the forces of the Ottoman Empire, which was struggling to impose control in areas populated by Armenians.  On 3 March 1918 the Grand vizier Talat Pasha signed the Treaty of Brest-Litovsk with the Russian SFSR. It stipulated that Bolshevik Russia cede Batum, Kars, and Ardahan, which were within Armenia, to the Ottoman Empire. The First Republic of Armenia did not accept the loss of its territory, and the Treaty of Brest-Litovsk acknowledged the state of war between Armenia and the Ottoman Empire.  In May 1918, the Ottoman Third Army began to advance toward Batum, Kars, and Ardahan. Silikyan commanded the regular troops and militia. In the Battle of Sardarabad and the Battle of Bash Abaran, his forces defeated those of the Ottoman Empire. The Armenian Army included numerous talented military officers of the time: Andranik Ozanyan, Drastamat Kanayan, Garegin Nzhdeh, Christophor Araratov, and Ivan Bagramyan, the future Marshal of the Soviet Union.  The First Republic of Armenia was forced to negotiate a treaty with the Ottoman Empire.  In the aftermath of World War I, the collapse of the Ottoman Empire and the concessions imposed upon it, a Turkish nationalist movement was organized. By 1920 it had gained an alliance with the Bolsheviks, who were also opposed to the Western powers. By the fall of 1920, Turkish revolutionaries started the Turkish-Armenian War in an attempt to recover four provinces allotted to Armenia. Silikyan commanded Armenian troops against Turkish forces, which had been fortified by the Russian Bolsheviks under Vladimir Lenin.

Transcaucasian SFSR.

The Bolsheviks took over Armenia and established the Transcaucasian SFSR. Afterward Silikyan was appointed to a number of positions with the Soviets.  In 1937 during Joseph Stalin's Great Purge against the military and other suspected enemies, his secret police arrested Silikyan, imprisoned him and finally executed him in Nork gorge, together with Christophor Araratov and other military heroes of Sardarabad. The charges were "nationalism," as they had earlier fought for an independent Armenian state. Their awards were stripped from them, in some cases their family members were sent to the Gulag labor camps, and their names were removed from acknowledgement in history books.  Following Stalin's death in 1953, since the late 1950s and the era of Nikita Khrushchev, Silikyan and hundreds of thousands of other victims of Soviet repression have been "rehabilitated" politically and socially. The Soviet Union acknowledged that many people had been falsely charged and convicted during the political repression of the excesses of Stalin's regime. This has enabled full recognition of Silikyan's military achievements.

Legacy and honors.

These were restored to him (his descendants) after rehabilitation.

Movses Silikyan (,, Movses Silikov) (1862 – 10 December 1937) was an Armenian general and national hero of World War I. He served as a major general in the Russian Imperial Army before the Bolshevik Revolution.


History.

Khatyrka is one of the oldest settlements in Anadyrsky district, having been founded around 1756. The name of the village and the nearby river was taken from the cape first mapped by the naval officer Sarychyevym, but first visited by the merchants Bakov and Novikov.  The Chuckchi call the place Vatyrkan, meaning dry or exhausted as the area surrounding the village is used for reindeer grazing. There are currently two brigades operating as the Khatyrskoye municipal agricultural unitary enterprise, tending for around 2000 reindeer on the tundra. Within the village, the cultural centre supports the national ensemble "Chukotka Dawns" ().

Demographics.

The population according to the 2010 census was 377, of which 191 were male and 186 female, which is essentially in line with an April 2003 estimate, which recorded the population at 375, of which around 87% are of indigenous origin.

Economy.

The main occupations revolve around traditional indigenous economic activities of fishing and hunting, both on land and sea. There is also a successful reindeer herding enterprise on the pastures surrounding Khatyrka with around four hundred heads. Although this is a traditional enterprise among many Arctic peoples, these formerly nomadic enterprises were grouped together in the Soviet Union to form a collective farm (kolkhoz).  Following the dissolution of the Soviet Union, almost all government support was removed from the state farms as the market economy took over. However, unlike in villages such as Alkatvaam and Tavayvaam, when the state farm became the Municipal Unitary Enterprise of Rural Agricultural Producers, the herders were able to continue their livelihood.  There is an irony that the traditional economic driver of reindeer herding is succeeding here for the time being when it has either disappeared or been significantly reduced elsewhere given that the name of the village used by the Chukchi is "Vatyrkan" which translates as ""a dry, exhausted land"", despite the pastures surrounding the village.  As with many Chukotkan villages, Khatyrka has a traditional Chukchi ensemble and a cultural center. Additionally, the village has a new secondary boarding school, kindergarten, local hospital, recreation center, library, post office, communications center, shop and a bakery. The main occupation of the inhabitants is livestock. Brigades herd reindeer on pastures in the vicinity of the village above the river. In the village the municipal agricultural enterprise "Khatyrskoye" is based to run the reindeer herding operations. The village is also involved in traditional fishing and hunting of sea mammals, and a fish processing plant operates to service this. In 2011 the company launched a new slaughterhouse complex. Electricity is provided to the village by a local generator.

Transport.

Khatyrka is not connected to any other inhabited place by any permanent road being situated on the coast at the mouth of the River Khatyrka. There is however, a number of roads within the village, including:  A helicopter service to Anadyr is provided once or twice a month.

Administrative vs. municipal jurisdiction.

Until July 2008, Khatyrka was a part of both Beringovsky Municipal and Beringnovsky Administrative District. In May 2008, Beringovsky Municipal District was merged into Anadyrsky Municipal District; however, this change did not affect the borders of Beringovsky Administrative District. Khatyrka continued to administratively be a part of the latter until June 2011, when Beringovsky Administrative District was merged into Anadyrsky Administrative District and ceased to exist.

Climate.

Khatyrka has a tundra climate (Köppen "ET") because the warmest month has an average temperature between and.

Khatyrka () is a rural locality (a "selo") in Anadyrsky District of Chukotka Autonomous Okrug, Russia, located on the shore of the Bering Sea southwest of Beringovsky. Population: with an estimated population as of 1 January 2015 of 349. Municipally, it is incorporated as Khatyrka Rural Settlement.


Music career.

Gärdestad was a songwriter who co-wrote lyrics for many of his younger brother Ted Gärdestad's (1956–1997) songs. This included his Melodifestivalen song entries "Oh, vilken härlig dag" in 1973 and "Rockin' 'n' Reelin'" in 1975. As such, Gärdestad also won Melodifestivalen 1979 with Ted's song "Satellit". The song went on to represent Sweden in Eurovision 1979, finishing 17th during the final held in Jerusalem.  Gärdestad also competed in 2008 in the SVT music show "Doobidoo" along with Lotta Engberg. He took part again in Melodifestivalen in 2010, with lyrics for "Hur kan jag tro på kärlek?" performed by singer Erik Linder. The song placed fifth in the semi-final and was eliminated. In 2016, he was awarded the Musikförläggarnas pris, an honorary award for "many years of work for Swedish music and for creating timeless stories which he shares". In 2018, he won an honorary Grammis award, citing "his many years in the music industry and for his work in it, and many wonderful lyrics."

Tributes to his brother.

Gärdestad, with Keijo Liimatainen, wrote "Jag vill ha en egen måne" (2005), a biography about his brother Ted and the circumstances surrounding his suicide in 1997. In 2018, a biographical film about his brother, "", was released. Gärdestad took part in creating realistic scenes for the film and gave it his support. Peter Viitanen portrayed Kenneth Gärdestad in the film.  Gärdestad was a special guest on the show "Så mycket bättre" in 2016, which was broadcast on Swedish national television station TV4. The last episode of the 2016 season featured the season's chosen singers performing several of his brother's well-known hits, including "Helt nära dig" (interpreted by Little Jinder), "Sommarlängtan" (by Magnus Carlson), "Himlen är oskyldigt blå" (by Jill Johnson), "505 to Casablanca" (by Freddie Wadling), "Sol, vind och vatten" (by Lisa Ekdahl), "I den stora sorgens famn" (by Tommy Nilsson) and "För kärlekens skull" (by Danny Saucedo).

Architecture work.

Gärdestad was head architect at Kunskapsskolan from 2008 until his death, and designed many of the schools' rooms. Kunskapsskolan (literally "The Knowledge School") is a Swedish network of independent schools that provides education for students from grades 4 to 9 (ages 10 to 16). It also provides gymnasium schools for grades 10 to 12 (ages 16 to 19) in different areas of Sweden. Designed by Gärdestad, the architecture is very open, with glass and colourfully painted walls. There are 36 Kunskapskolan schools in Sweden.

Activism.

Gärdestad worked to educate and create understanding about psychological illness after his brother Ted's mental illness and suicide in 1997. He was the creator of the annual "Ted Gärdestad Stipend" awarded to amateur singers and songwriters since 1999 to promote their work. The prize includes a tribute concert.

Personal life.

Gärdestad's brother Ted was a noted Swedish singer who represented Sweden in Eurovision with one of Kenneth's songs. Their other brother Kjell (1944–2000) was also a songwriter who co-wrote the song "Viking" with Ted.

Death.

Kenneth Gärdestad revealed in 2014 that he was suffering from skin cancer and latent lymphoma. He died on 3 March 2018, aged 69.

John Charles Kenneth Gärdestad (9 May 1948 – 3 March 2018) was a Swedish songwriter, best known for writing lyrics for the songs of his brother, Ted Gärdestad. He won Melodifestivalen 1979 as a songwriter for "Satellit" performed by his brother. The song went on to Eurovision the same year, where it placed 17th. Gärdestad was also an architect, affiliated to the private Kunskapsskolan, where he designed the interior of several of its high schools. Gärdestad published the biography "Jag vill ha en egen måne" in 2005. In later years he became a mental health activist, and created the "Ted Gärdestad Stipend", a prize awarded to amateur singers and songwriter.


Education.

Berger was raised in Brooklyn, NY, where he attended the Yeshiva of Flatbush for both elementary and high school. He received a Bachelor's degree from Yeshiva College in 1964; he majored in Classics and was class valedictorian. He then went on to Columbia University where he completed a Master of Arts degree in 1965 and his Doctor of Philosophy in 1970. He received rabbinic ordination from the Rabbi Isaac Elchanan Theological Seminary and is a member of the Rabbinical Council of America, the official organization representing Modern Orthodox rabbis.

Activities.

Before Berger prominently criticized Chabad, he was most famous as an expert on interfaith dialogue and medieval Jewish-Christian debate. He has written commentaries on the Roman Catholic church's declarations on relations with other faiths "Nostra aetate" ("In Our Age," promulgated 1965), and "Dominus Iesus" ("Lord Jesus," promulgated 2000) and Rabbi Joseph Soloveitchik's "Confrontation". The Union of Orthodox Jewish Congregations of America (OU) asked him to write a response to the broadly ecumenical "Dabru Emet" ("Speak the Truth," 2000), and that response was subsequently adopted as the OU's official position. He has also contributed an essay about Jacob Katz's views on medieval Jewish-Christian debate in the book, "Pride of Jacob".

Chabad controversy.

Berger's 2001 book criticizing Lubavitcher messianism as "precisely what Jews through the generations have seen as classic, Christian-style false messianism" made him a leading voice in criticism of Chabad. Berger argues that Chabad messianism goes beyond traditional halakhic boundaries of Orthodox Judaism to the point that Orthodox Jews should not participate in prayer quorums with Chabad Jews.

David Berger is an American academic, dean of Yeshiva University's Bernard Revel Graduate School of Jewish Studies, as well as chair of Yeshiva College's Jewish Studies department. He is the author of various books and essays on medieval Jewish apologetics and polemics, as well as having edited the modern critical edition of the medieval polemic text Nizzahon Vetus. Outside academic circles he is best known for "The Rebbe, the Messiah, and the Scandal of Orthodox Indifference", a criticism of Chabad messianism.