Biography.

Christina Ramberg was born on August 21, 1946 on the Kentucky military base of Camp Campbell where her father, Vernon Ramberg, was an army officer. Her mother, Norma, had a love of music, and had originally wanted to go a conservatory to pursue her musical career, but was unable to due to a lack of financial resources, although she did eventually teach music lessons. Due to Vernon's military service, the family moved frequently, including overseas. When Christina was two her family moved to Yokohama Japan for two-and-a-half-years, and she attended school in Germany during her third and fourth grades. In the United States, her family lived in Kansas, Virginia, and Highwood, Illinois (just north of Chicago) where Christina attended Highland Park High School for her junior and senior year. She earned her Bachelor of Fine Arts in 1968 and her Master of Fine Arts in 1973 both from the School of the Art Institute of Chicago where she studied with Ray Yoshida, who was a primary mentor of the Chicago Imagists group that Christina became a part of. Yoshida encouraged his students in the use of commercial and popular culture images such as comic books and magazines as a basis for their art. This is also where she met her husband Philip Hanson who was also an art student who studied with Yoshida and is also considered a member of the Chicago Imagists group. They were married in 1968, the same year that they both exhibited their work for the first time in the "False Image" show at the Hyde Park Art Center. They were also both faculty members at the School of the Art Institute of Chicago. Philip reflected years later that "students liked her a lot. A good woman teacher was important to them, particularly in that time. It was much more dominated by men, so to have a teacher like Christina, who was doing her own work, that was a big deal. The men could be very nice, but it was really meaningful to learn from another woman." Ramberg and Hanson had one son, Alexander, who was born in 1975, although they did have a late term miscarriage before Alex, and both experiences greatly impacted her art. By 1980 her marriage to Hanson had become strained, and they eventually agreed to live apart, although they remained close for the rest of their lives. In 1989 Ramberg was diagnosed with Pick's disease or frontotemporal dementia, a rare form of dementia that attacks the frontal and temporal lobes of the brain. When she could no longer live alone, Hanson took care of her until she had to go to an assisted living facility. She died in 1995 at the age of forty-nine.

Style and works.

The depiction of the female torso is the most common motif in Ramberg's art, with the torso being corseted, girdled, and otherwise constricted and veiled by the bondage-like trappings of typical 1950s female garments. Ramberg relates a memory of watching her mother dress for a party in an interview: "She would wear these—I guess that they are called 'Merry Widow[s]'—and I can remember being stunned by how it transformed her body, how it pushed up her breasts and slenderized down her waist. I think that the paintings have a lot to do with this, with watching and realizing that a lot of these undergarments totally transform a woman's body.... I thought it was fascinating... in some ways, I thought it was awful." Another distinguishing feature of Ramberg's art is the absence of any faces, with the head not drawn at all, seen only from the back, or concealed by hair. The motif of the "hairdo" is likewise common in Ramberg's oeuvre, the hairstyle also being indicative of a type of mid-century female "conditioning" or conformity. Critic Katheryn Rosenfeld, in a 2000 "New Art Examiner" review states: "it's... hard not to read in the work a psycho-sexual inventory of the limitations of white middle-class womanhood at mid-century."  In keeping with their subject matter, Christina Ramberg's paintings are highly composed and finished to the point that they themselves are referred to as fetishistic. Worked on masonite in acrylic, they are precisely painted and are characterized by their low tone and mute palette. In a 2012 "Art in America" review by Nancy Princenthal, she describes the draftsmanship in Ramberg's 1970 "Corset/Urn" series this way: "inky black with spiky pink highlights, they are prim and sexily sinister... deft, dark and reticent." In the 1970s, Ramberg's work evolved from its strict focus on the female form to less sexualized, even non-human forms such as urn forms, chair backs, and geometries "eliding the boundaries between figuration and abstraction, human and object." Her human forms turned from figures seen from the back or in profile to fully frontal torsos that are more rigid and robotic, and have both male and female characteristics which gives her art a sense of androgyny and uncertainty. Still, her signature style remained: crisp, black outlines, muted colors, cropped forms, attention to pattern and detail. By the early 1980s Ramberg took a break from her exploration of the female body and started to quilt more actively than she had in the past. Like her paintings, the patterns in her quilts are crisp and exact, with complex combinations of contrasting colors and forms. In the mid to late 1980s Ramberg's artwork shifted to include a "satellite" motif that incorporated some patterns and shapes from her quilting, only her color palette was back to the gray, white, blue, and black of her earlier work instead of brighter colors. These later works are referred to as her "satellite" motif phase because the combination of circles, cones triangles, and lines resemble the plans for a telescope, satellite, or some other mechanical invention.

Exhibitions.

Christina Ramberg did more group exhibitions than solo exhibitions during her life time, however she is getting recognized more and more in the contemporary art community with exhibitions of her artwork being displayed in recent years. Below is a list of her solo and group exhibitions during her life time to the present.

Solo exhibitions.

1974 – Phyllis Kind Gallery, Chicago  1977 – Phyllis Kind Gallery, New York  1981 – Phyllis Kind Gallery, New York  1982 – Phyllis Kind Gallery, New York  1988 – "A Retrospective 1968–1988", The Renaissance Society, Chicago  2000 – "Drawings", Gallery 400 at University of Illinois at Chicago  2000 – "Drawings", Ben Maltz Gallery at Otis College of Art and Design, Los Angeles  2000–"-Drawings", Herron Gallery at the Herron School of Art, Indianapolis, IN  2000 – "Drawings", Marsh Gallery at University of Richmond Museums, Richmond, VA  2001 – "Paintings and Drawings", Adam Baumgold Gallery, New York  2011 – "Corset Urns and Other Inventions: 1968–1980", David Nolan Gallery, New York  2013 – "Christina Ramberg", The Institute of Contemporary Art (ICA), Boston  2014 – "Christina Ramberg" (in Glasgow International, Festival 2014), Carlton Place, Glasgow

Group exhibitions.

1968 – "False Image", Hyde Park Art Center, Chicago, IL  1969 – "False Image II", Hyde Park Art Center, Chicago, IL  1969 – "Spirit of the Comics", Institute of Contemporary Art, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia  1969 – "Don Baum Sez 'Chicago Needs Famous Artists"', Museum of Contemporary Art, Chicago  1970 – "Thirteen Chicago Artists", Richard Feigen Gallery, New York  1970 – "Surplus Slop from the Windy City", San Francisco Art Institute, San Francisco  1970 – "Surplus Slop from the Windy City", Sacramento State College of Art Gallery, Sacramento, CA  1971 – "The New Curiosity Shop", The Renaissance Society, University of Chicago  1972 – "What They're Up To in Chicago", National Gallery of Canada, Ottawa, Canada  1972 – "Chicago Imagist Art", Museum of Contemporary Art, Chicago  1972 – "Young Chicago Artists", Kalamazoo Institute of Arts, Kalamazoo, MI  1972 – "75th Exhibition by Artists of Chicago and Vicinity", The Art Institute of Chicago  1972 – "1972 Biennial Exhibition", The Whitney Museum of American Art, New York  1973 – "Made in Chicago: XII Bienal Sao Paulo", Sao Paulo, Brazil  1974 – "Beispiel Eisenstadt IV: Internationale Malerwochen im Burgenland", Landesgalerie im Schloss Esterhazy, Eisenstadt, Austria  1976 – "Visions: Painting and Sculpture: Distinguished Alumni from 1945 to the Present", The School of the Art Institute of Chicago  1976 – "Old and New Work by Artists from the Phyllis Kind Gallery", Foster Gallery, University of Wisconsin, Eau Claire, WI  1976 – "The Chicago Connection", E.B. Crocker Art Gallery, Sacramento, CA; Traveled to: Newport Harbor Art Museum, Newport, CA; Phoenix Art Museum, AZ; Brooks Memorial Art Gallery, Memphis TN; Memorial Art Gallery, University of Rochester, New York  1977 – "76th Exhibition of Artists of Chicago and Vicinity", The Art Institute of Chicago  1978 – "Contemporary Chicago Painters", University of Northern Iowa Gallery of Art, Cedar Rapids, IA  1978 – "Eleven Chicago Painters", The University of South Florida Gallery of Art, Tallahassee, FL  1979 – "Chicago Currents: The Koffler Foundation Collection", National Collection of Fine Arts, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, D.C.  1979 – "1979 Biennial Exhibition", The Whitney Museum of American Art, New York  1980 – "American Paintings of the Sixties and Seventies: Selections from the Whitney Museum of American Art", Montgomery Museum of Fine Art, Montgomery, AL 1980 – "Renderings of the Modern Woman", Joseloff Gallery of the University of Hartford, Hartford, CT  1980 – "Some Recent Art from Chicago", Ackland Art Museum, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill  1980 – "The Figurative Tradition in American Art", The Whitney Museum of American Art, New York  1980 – "Who Chicago? An Exhibition of Contemporary Imagists", Ceolfrith Gallery Sunderland Arts Centre London, England; Traveled to: Third Eye Center, Glasgow, Scotland; Scottish National Gallery of Modern Art, Edinburgh, Scotland; Ulster Museum, Belfast, Northern Ireland; Institute of Contemporary Arts (ICA), Boston; Contemporary Arts Center, New Orleans, LA  1981 – "A Woman's Place", John Michael Kohler Art Center, Sheboygan, WI  1982 – "Fifty National Women in Art", Edison Community College, Fort Myers, FL  1982 – "Selections from the Dennis Adrian Collection", Museum of Contemporary Art, Chicago  1982 – "Chicago Imagists", Kansas City Art Institute, Kansas City, Missouri; Traveled to: Saginaw Museum of Art, Saginaw, MI  1983 – "Contemporary Chicago Imagists", Merwin and Wakeley Gallery, Illinois Wesleyan University, Chicago  1983 – "Looking at Women: Images of Women by Contemporary Artists", Artemisia Gallery, Chicago  1983 – "Chicago Scene", Mandeville Art Gallery, University of California at San Diego, La Jolla, CA  1984 – "Chicago Cross Section", Trisolini Gallery of Ohio University, Athens, OH  1984 – "Ten Years of Collecting at the MCA", Museum of Contemporary Art, Chicago  1984 – "Artists Call Against U.S. Intervention in Central America and the Caribbean", Dart Gallery, Chicago  1985 – "Contemporary Quilts", Karl Oskar Gallery, Westwood Hills, KS  1985 – "Imagist Update", Phyllis Kind Gallery, Chicago  1987 – "Quilts", Carl Hammer Gallery, Chicago  1987 – "Drawings from the Chicago Imagists", The Renaissance Society, University of Chicago  1987 – "The Prints of Ten Chicago Imagist Artists", David and Alfred Smart Gallery, University of Chicago  1987 – "Surfaces: Two Decades of Painting in Chicago", Terra Museum of American Art, Chicago  1989 – "On Kawara: Date Paintings", The Renaissance Society, University of Chicago  1990 – "Drawing Invitational: Twenty-Nine Chicago Artists", Sara Spurgeon Gallery, Central Washington University, Ellensburg, WA  1996 – "Art in Chicago, 1945–1995", Museum of Contemporary Art, Chicago  1999 – "On Paper", Fleischer/Ottman Gallery, Philadelphia  1999 – "Quirky", Adam Baumgold Gallery, New York  2002 – "Hair Stories", Adam Baumgold Gallery, New York  2004 – "Fabulous Histories: Indigenous Anomalies in American Art", Fleisher-Ollman Gallery, Philadelphia  2004 – "Soft Edge", Museum of Contemporary Art, Chicago  2006 – "Abstract Imagist", Corbett vs. Dempsey, Chicago  2007 – "Unsung", Nicole Klagsbrun, New York  2007 – "Karl Wirsum: Winsome Works (some) and Hairy Who (and some others)", Madison Museum of Contemporary Art, Madison, WI  2008 – "Chicago Imagism", Russell Bowman Art Advisory, Chicago  2008 – "Girls and Company", Madison Museum of Contemporary Art, Madison, WI  2008 – "Everything's Here", Museum of Contemporary Art, Chicago  2010 – "Ox-bow Centennial", Corbett vs. Dempsey, Chicago  2011 – "Go Figure", Smart Museum at The University of Chicago  2011 – "Re:Chicago", DePaul University Art Museum, Chicago  2011 – "Chicago Imagists", Madison Museum of Contemporary Art, Madison, WI  2012 – "Automaton", Galerie Daniel Buchholz, Cologne  2013 – "Sinister Pop", Whitney Museum of American Art, New York  2014 – "Liverpool Biennial: A Needle Walks Into a Haystack", Tate Liverpool  2014 – "What Nerve! Alternative Figures in American Art, 1960 to the Present", RISD Museum, Providence, RI  2015 – "Unorthodox", The Jewish Museum, New York

Partial list of works.

"Black Widow", 1971. Acrylic on Masonite. Collection of the Illinois State Museum.  "Untitled (Crying Women)", 1968. Felt-tip pen on paper (double-sided).  "Untitled (Hands)", c. 1971. Felt-tip pen, graphite, and colored pencil on graph paper.  "Waiting Lady", 1972. Acrylic on Masonite.  "Back to Back", 1973. Etching."Untitled (Skirts Jackets Weaving)". Graphite on paper.  "Rolling Stone", 1983. Cotton.  "Untitled (Satellite Sketches)". Graphite on paper.  "Wired", 1974–1975. Acrylic on Masonite.  "Hexagons, Number 1", 1984. Cotton.  "Hermetic Indecision", 1977. Acrylic on Masonite.  "Sedimentary Disturbance", 1980. Acrylic on Masonite  "Freeze and Melt", 1981. Acrylic on Masonite.  "Untitled (#126)", 1986. Acrylic on linen.  "Untitled (torso with pants)", 1982. Acrylic on Masonite.  "Untitled (torso with leaf)", 1980. Acrylic on Masonite.  "O.H.D.", 1976. Acrylic on Masonite.  "Corset/Urns", 1970. Acrylic on 8 Masonite panels.  "Gray Day", 1969. Acrylic on Masonite.  "Cabbage Head (Side 1)", 1968.  "Hearing", 1981.  "Japanese Showcase", 1984.  "Glamour Guide", 1973.  "Tall Tickler", 1974.  "Strung (For Bombois)," 1975.  "Chairbacks", 1976  "Vertical Amnesia", 1980. Collection of the Madison Museum of Contemporary Art.  "Muscular Alternative", 1979.  "Apron/Core", 1982.  "Untitled #129", 1987.  "Untitled #130", 1987.  "Hand", 1971.  "Shady Lacy", 1971.  "Skirted Vessel", 1982.  "Cabbage Head (Side 2)", 1968.  "Untitled", 1980.  "Lola La Lure", 1969.  "Shadow Panel", 1972.  "Rose's Woe", 1969.  "Sore Head," 1969.  "Hair", 1968.  "A Cross Breeding", 1978.  "O.H. #2", 1976.  "Istrian River Lady", 1974.  "Untitled #3", 1981.  "Untitled #1", 1981.  "Black N Blue Jacket", 1981.  "No Regrets", 1980.  "Dull Quilt", 1968.  "Pearl Rainbow", 1969.  "Wrapped Ticklers", 1974.

Christina Ramberg (1946–1995) was an American painter associated with the Chicago Imagists, a group of representational artists—such as Jim Nutt, Gladys Nilsson, Roger Brown, and Ed Paschke—who attended the School of the Art Institute of Chicago in the late 1960s. The Imagists took their cues from Surrealism, Pop, and West Coast underground comic illustration, and were "enchanted with the abject status of sex in post-war America, particularly as writ on the female form." Ramberg is best known for her depictions of partial female bodies (heads, torsos, hands) forced into submission by undergarments and imagined in odd, erotic predicaments.


Education.

An interdisciplinary scholar, Williams-Jones completed a bachelor's degree in Philosophy and then a Masters in Religious Studies (bioethics specialization) at McGill University, before pursuing his PhD in Interdisciplinary studies (bioethics) at the W. Maurice Young Centre for Applied Ethics at the University of British Columbia, where he focused on issues of genetics and ethics. He then did a post-doctoral fellowship at the Centre for Family Research, University of Cambridge, and was a junior research fellow at Homerton College. Before taking up his current position at the Université de Montréal, he worked for a year as a research ethicist at the Cardiff Institute of Society, Health and Ethics, Cardiff University, Wales.

Research.

Williams-Jones is interested in the socio-ethical and policy implications of health innovations in diverse contexts. His work examines the conflicts that arise in academic research and professional practice with a view to developing practical ethical tools to manage these conflicts when they cannot be avoided. He has published more than 100 articles, commentaries, book chapters and case studies, on topics related to public health policy, regulation and science and technology innovation on subjects including genetics, pharmaceutical development, direct-to-consumer advertising, nanotechnology, and pharmacogenomics. He has also published on the responsible conduct of research (i.e., research integrity, research ethics), with a focus on the management of conflicts of interest.

Academic service.

Williams-Jones is active in developing innovative pedagogical approaches in professional ethics, public health ethics, and research integrity, and has served on university committees in the Faculty of Graduate Studies and in the School of Public Health, to develop governance initiatives to encourage the responsible conduct of research and prevent misconduct (such as plagiarism and conflicts of interest). He is a member specialized in ethics of the top-level University Research Ethics Committee (CUER), and has served on expert advisory committees for the Canadian Institutes of Health Research, the Social Sciences and Humanities Research Council of Canada, Genome Canada, and the Quebec National Institute for Excellence in Health and Social Services (INESSS).

Media.

Williams-Jones has been interviewed by "LaPresse", CBC, "Le Devoir", "Toronto Star", "National Post", and appeared on radio and television shows such as "Tout le monde en parle", ICI Radio-Canada, and CBC Newsworld.

Bryn Williams-Jones (born 1972) is a Canadian bioethicist who since 2010 has directed the Bioethics Program at the School of Public Health, Université de Montréal, and is professor in the Department of Social and Preventive Medicine. He is co-founder and editor-in-chief of the "Canadian Journal of Bioethics/Revue canadienne de bioéthique", the first open access bilingual bioethics journal in Canada (formerly called "BioéthiqueOnline", 2012–17), and is a member of the Public Health Research Institute of the Université de Montréal (IRSPUM) and the Centre for Ethics Research (CRÉ).


History.

Planning.

As early as 2006, the Nashville Sounds had planned to leave Herschel Greer Stadium for a new ballpark to be called First Tennessee Field located on the west bank of the Cumberland River. The $43 million facility would have been the central part of a retail, entertainment, and residential complex which was expected to continue the revitalization of Nashville's "SoBro" (South of Broadway) district, but the project was abandoned in April 2007 after the city, developers, and team could not come to terms on a plan to finance its construction. Instead, Greer was repaired and upgraded to keep it close to

Construction.

The ballpark project received the last of its necessary approbations from the Metro Council, the State Building Commission, and the Nashville Sports Authority on December 10, 2013. Groundbreaking took place on January 27, 2014; the public ceremony was attended by Mayor Dean, Sounds owner Frank Ward, Minor League Baseball president Pat O'Conner, and Milwaukee Brewers General Manager Doug Melvin. At the time, the Sounds were the Triple-A affiliate of the Brewers.  The construction team began site excavation on March 3,

Naming rights.

Memphis-based bank First Tennessee purchased the naming rights to the stadium in April 2014 for ten years with an option for a further ten years, naming it First Tennessee Park. The bank's name had been attached

Tenants and events.

Minor League Baseball.

In the ballpark's inaugural game on April 17, 2015, the Sounds defeated the Colorado Springs Sky Sox, 3–2 in 10 innings, courtesy of a walk-off double hit by Max Muncy that scored Billy Burns from first base. Nashville pitcher Arnold León recorded the park's first strikeout when Colorado Springs' Matt Long struck out swinging as the leadoff hitter at the top of the first inning. The park's first hit was a left field single that came in the top of the second inning off the bat of Colorado Springs' Matt Clark. Clark also recorded the stadium's first RBI, slapping a single to center field

Soccer.

Nashville SC, an expansion soccer team of the United Soccer League, played the majority of their first two seasons (2018–2019) at First Tennessee Park. The club competed in a preseason exhibition Major League Soccer (MLS) match against Atlanta United FC on February 10, 2018, in the first-ever soccer match played at the park. Nashville was defeated amid a rainstorm by Atlanta, 3–1, in front of a crowd of 9,059 people. The park's first goal was scored by Atlanta forward Josef Martínez in the 58th minute. Ropapa Mensah, the youngest player on the Nashville squad, scored the first goal in franchise history in the 64th minute. Nashville's first regular season home match, scheduled for March 24 versus the Pittsburgh Riverhounds, was moved to Nissan Stadium to accommodate a greater number of fans. Their second home match was played at First Tennessee Park on April 7 against the Charlotte Independence before a crowd of 7,487. Nashville won, 2–0,

Other events.

First Horizon Park began hosting the annual City of Hope Celebrity Softball Game in 2015. Started in 1990, the event is played during the CMA Music Festival held in Nashville, and was previously held at Herschel Greer Stadium from 1991 to 2014. Two teams of country music stars representing the Grand Ole Opry and iHeartRadio compete in the game with all proceeds going to fund the research and treatment of cancer, diabetes, and other life-threatening diseases. Past participants have included Carrie Underwood, Darius Rucker, Florida Georgia Line, Jason Aldean, Luke Bryan, and Vince Gill. Over $200,000 was raised from the first game held at the park.  On March 29, 2016, the Vanderbilt Commodores and Belmont Bruins became the first collegiate teams to play at the facility. The Commodores defeated the Bruins, 8–2, in front of a crowd of 3,782 people. Vanderbilt, Belmont, and the Lipscomb Bisons have since played subsequent games at the venue. The

Facilities.

Design.

After Sulphur Dell was dismantled on April 16, 1969, the ballpark's sunken field was filled in with rock, dirt, and the remains of the demolished Andrew Jackson Hotel. It was then converted to a number of state-owned parking lots for the nearby Tennessee State Capitol. While Sulphur Dell was nestled in an area that was home to the city's garbage dump, stockyards, the Atlantic Ice House building, and other various warehouses, First Horizon Park is now surrounded by new apartments, parking ramps, and restaurants. The facade at the home plate entrance on

Playing field and dimensions.

The playing surface is covered with of Bermuda Tifway 419 grass sod that was grown on a farm in San Antonio, Texas, then over-seeded with of perennial rye-grass. Over of red clay infield soil was brought in from Laceys Spring, Alabama. The warning track surrounding the field is made of of crushed red shale on top of of sand and of gravel. The field is equipped with a drainage system capable of draining of water per hour.  The distance from home plate to

Scoreboard.

One of Greer Stadium's most distinctive features was its guitar-shaped scoreboard. After First Tennessee Park was approved, the team announced it would not be relocating the original Greer scoreboard, which was technologically outdated and difficult to maintain, to the new stadium. While plans for the new ballpark's scoreboard were initially undisclosed, following overwhelming support for Greer's guitar from the community, the team announced plans for the installation of a larger, more modern guitar-shaped scoreboard. The new guitar scoreboard, paid for entirely by the Sounds, was designed by TS Sports in conjunction with Panasonic, and was installed beyond the right-center field wall on the concourse.  The scoreboard, which has a HD LED screen, is located in the middle of the concourse; visitors entering or leaving the park through the stadium's right-field entrance on Fifth Avenue pass under it. Excluding the neck and the borders of the body and headstock, the surface of the guitar is composed of

Seating.

The lower seating bowl is divided into 25 sections and wraps around the playing field from just past one foul pole to just past the other. The second level has 16 sections of seating that begin behind third base and wrap around to first base. The last nine rows, from row M, on the first level between the dugouts are sheltered by the upper deck. Seats on both levels are traditional, plastic stadium-style chairs. All lower-level seats behind home plate, seats behind and between the dugouts through row P, and all second-level seats have padded seat cushions. Seats in the three center upper-deck sections behind home plate and all second-level suites also have padded seat backs. A grass berm that can accommodate 1,500 spectators is located beyond the left-center field wall.  The park has several areas reserved for small and large groups.

Concessions.

Four permanent concession stands and several portable carts located on the concourse offer traditional ballpark foods including hot dogs, corn dogs, pizza, nachos, soft pretzels, popcorn, and ice cream. Each stand also serves foods unique to and common in Nashville and the South, including Nashville hot chicken, pulled pork barbecue sandwiches, and baby back ribs. The stadium's second level has a bar, lounge, and concessions area with views of the field; it is accessible only by those with suite, party-deck, or upper-deck tickets. Certain menu items, such as prime rib tacos, sliders, and onion rings are only available on the second level.

The Band Box.

Another specialty concession area is The Band Box, a outdoor restaurant and bar located on the right field concourse. The restaurant serves variations on traditional ballpark foods including cheeseburgers, chicken sandwiches, jalapeño corn fritters, smoked chicken nachos, quinoa chopped salads, and local draft craft beer. It is accompanied by a 150-person bar to its rear overlooking right field. The bar has an adjoining lounge area with couches, televisions, ping pong, cornhole, foosball, and shuffleboard, which is open to all game ticket-holders. Patrons in the adjacent 4-top seating section can order food and drinks from The Band Box and have items delivered to their seats. On June 28, 2016, a 9-hole miniature golf course, called The Country Club at The Band Box, opened behind the restaurant between the bar and Fifth Avenue. Each of the nine holes exhibits art from different local or regional artists. It is open to game attendees for an additional $5 playing fee.

Parking.

A 1,000-car above-ground parking garage, owned by the state, is located south of the stadium's center field and right field entrances on Harrison Street between Fourth and Fifth Avenues. As the garage is used by state employees during the day,

Attendance records.

First Horizon Park's single-game attendance record was set on March 24, 2019, during an exhibition game between the Sounds and their major league affiliate, the Texas Rangers, in front of a sellout crowd of 11,824 people. The park's season attendance record of 603,135 was set in 2018, while its average attendance record (8,861) was set in 2017. Five of the top-ten highest-attended games occurred in 2017. There have been 98 sellout games at the stadium. Attendance records through the completion of the 2019 season are as follows.

Single-game attendance.

Bold indicates the

Popular culture.

The ballpark has been featured in two music videos. Cole Swindell's "Middle of a Memory" (2016) includes shots of Swindell in the audience watching a Nashville Sounds game as well as footage of the game and an appearance by the team's mascot, Booster. Former Sounds pitcher Barry Zito's music video for "That Sound" (2017), which is about Sounds games, is composed almost entirely of footage of Nashville's games, players, and fans shot at the stadium during the 2016 season.  Trisha Yearwood filmed scenes for the "Tailgaiting" episode of Food Network's "Trisha's Southern Kitchen" at the ballpark on May 31, 2016. The August 5, 2017, episode of "CMT Hot 20 Countdown" was filmed at the stadium on July 25 and included performances by country musicians Michael Ray and Chris Lane from before that day's game. Segments for a series of season 36 (2018–2019) episodes of "Wheel of Fortune", including host Pat Sajak throwing out the first pitch, were shot at the ballpark on May 4, 2018.

First Horizon Park, formerly known as First Tennessee Park, is a baseball park in downtown Nashville, Tennessee, United States. The home of the Triple-A Nashville Sounds of the Pacific Coast League (PCL), it opened on April 17, 2015, and can seat up to 10,000 people. It replaced the Sounds' former home, Herschel Greer Stadium, where the team played from its founding in 1978 until 2014.


Service history.

1942-1943.

Departing Norfolk on 31 January 1942, in company with, "Hambleton" began a shakedown, unique in wartime, that took her through the Panama Canal to Callao, Peru; Valparaiso, Chile; Guayaquil, Ecuador; Cartagena, Colombia; and Balboa, Panama Canal Zone She was diverted for antisubmarine search north of Cuba in early March, and on 15 March 1942 rescued six men on a life raft who had survived the torpedoing of. After antisubmarine patrol along the East Coast and intensive training in Casco Bay, Maine, "Hambleton" sailed as escort to the cruiser and aircraft carrier on 14 April. Reaching Africa's Gold Coast on 10 May, "Ranger" launched her cargo of Curtiss P-40s for the North African fighting and headed back to the West Indies. In heavy rain and low visibility on 17 May, "Hambleton" collided with and had to proceed to San Juan and then Charleston Navy Yard for repairs.  "Hambleton" joined a fast troop transport out of New York on 1 July, sailed for Ireland and arrived on 11 July. Immediately she reported for duty with the Joint British and American Naval Forces In Europe. With Royal Navy personnel on board as communications liaison, she conducted antisubmarine patrols and served as plane guard for the battleship through August. She then returned to the United States for duty along the coast in preparation for Operation Torch, the forthcoming invasion of North Africa.  "Hambleton" joined the invasion fleet on 28 October, and as part of Admiral H. Kent Hewitt's Western Naval Task Force, she screened the escort carrier during operations against airfields in French Morocco on D-Day, 8 November. As she lay anchored by off Fedala in the evening of 11 November 1942, "Hambleton" was struck amidships on the port side by a torpedo fired by the. With all power gone, the destroyer took a 12 degree list to starboard as her damage control parties worked swiftly to jettison topside weights and shore up weakened bulkheads. The crippled ship was towed to Casablanca for temporary repairs in the floating dry dock sunk just the day before. Seabees cut the ship in two, removed a section of her damaged hull, then joined the two remaining halves together under the command of Lt. Cdr. Clayton Ross Jr. Escorted by a tug, "Hambleton" reached Boston 28 June 1943 for permanent repairs. On the Trans-Atlantic cruise, the German U-Boat, considered the German submarine which originally hit the Hambleton, was sunk by the Hambleton.

1944.

After a second shakedown in the Caribbean and training along the East Coast, "Hambleton" escorted a convoy to Oran in April 1944, and began to prepare for her role in the Normandy invasion. Operating in the Western Mediterranean with seven other destroyers and British scout planes, she sank the on 17 May after an intensive 4-day pursuit of the German marauder. From the Mediterranean "Hambleton" sailed to Plymouth, England, staging area for the epochal invasion. She escorted a large convoy of LSTs to the landing areas on 7 June, D-Day plus 1, and remained off Omaha Beach for critical shore bombardment and screening duties. In the early morning hours of 9 June, "Hambleton"s radar picked up several contacts, soon determined to be Nazi E-boats. Her guns blazing, "Hambleton" set out after the enemy. In a 4-hour running gun battle, she sank one and severely damaged another of the five German boats. After returning for provisions at Portland, England, "Hambleton" was back on the line for the Bombardment of Cherbourg 25 June.  "Hambleton" departed Belfast, Northern Ireland on 4 July, and steamed to the Mediterranean, touching Oran, Algeria, 10 July and reaching Naples, Italy, on 15 July. On 11 August, she participated in the bombardment of shore positions on the southern coast of France prior to Operation Anvil, the invasion of that vital area. "Hambleton" remained in the Mediterranean for patrol and screening duty until sailing to Boston on 25 October. Arriving Boston on 8 November, the battle-training destroyer was converted into a high speed minesweeper and redesignated DMS-20 on 15 November.

1945.

"Hambleton" emerged from the yard 13 December and sailed for the Pacific 30 December. Steaming via San Diego, Pearl Harbor, and Eniwetok, she arrived Ulithi 9 March 1945, to prepare for the invasion of Okinawa, the largest amphibious assault in the Pacific. Departing on 19 March, she arrived off Okinawa, the gateway to the heart of the Japanese Empire, 23 March. Prior to the invasion 1 April, she cleared channels and anchorages for the 1,200 ships taking part in the invasion. During the long campaign that followed, she operated off Okinawa to sweep, screen, patrol, and provide fire support. She was under almost constant attack from the air. Although damaged on 3 April by a "kamikaze", which splashed close aboard her port quarter, "Hambleton" remained on duty as part of the fleet that had come to the Ryukyu Islands.  With Okinawa nearly secured, "Hambleton" and her sister ships deployed to the East China Sea in mid-July to begin massive sweeping of mines of this area. In a month they cleared more than from the area in one of the largest sweep operations yet launched. "Hambleton" was in the East China Sea for a second such mission when Japanese acceptance of peace terms was announced 15 August. Joining Admiral William F. Halsey's 3rd Fleet off Tokyo, "Hambleton" steamed into Tokyo Bay 28 August to clear the way for the occupation forces. In the next few months "Hambleton" swept a total of 184 mines from Japanese minefields in various straits and channels. During this period she rode out four typhoons, one of which battered her with waves. Departing Japanese waters 20 November, "Hambleton" steamed via Eniwetok, Pearl Harbor, and San Diego to Norfolk arriving late December.

1946–1955.

Based at Charleston, South Carolina, the veteran minesweeper maintained an operational pattern that kept her prepared for the emerging Cold War struggle. During the next decade "Hambleton" participated in fleet and tactical exercises in the Caribbean and along the East Coast. In 1949, 1952, and 1954 she deployed to the Mediterranean and operated with the 6th Fleet from the shores of North Africa to the turbulent Middle East.  After returning to Charleston from her third Mediterranean cruise on 6 July 1954, "Hambleton" decommissioned on 15 January 1955, and entered the Atlantic Reserve Fleet. She was reclassified DD-455 the same day.  "Hambleton" was stricken from the Naval Vessel Register on 1 June 1971. She was sold 22 November 1972 and broken up for scrap.

Awards.

"Hambleton" received seven battle stars for World War II service.

USS "Hambleton" (DD-455/DMS-20) was a of the United States Navy, named for Purser Samuel Hambleton (1777–1851). "Hambleton" was laid down by the Federal Shipbuilding & Drydock Co., Kearny, New Jersey, on 16 December 1940 and launched on 26 September 1941, sponsored by Mrs. Nannie Hambleton Martin, great grandniece of Samuel Hambleton. The destroyer was commissioned on 22 December 1941, Commander Forrest Close in command.


History.

Hoopeston was laid out in 1871. It was named for Thomas Hoopes, one of the men who offered land for the crossing of two railroads: the Lafayette, Bloomington and Western Railroad and the Chicago, Danville and Vincennes Railroad. The two railroads separated the town into four sections. The latter railroad still exists and is now operated jointly by CSX Transportation and Union Pacific Railroad.  In 1890, Greer College was established in Hoopeston, funded by a gift of $40,000 and of land from John Greer.  Business and manufacturing in Hoopeston have historically been related to agriculture. In 1875, S. S. McCall established the Illinois Canning Company to can locally grown vegetables; and this was so successful that in 1878 the Hoopeston Canning Company was established, which later became part of Stokely-Van Camp, Inc. In addition, Silgan Can (formerly American Can) had a factory which manufactured the tin cans themselves, and an FMC plant manufactured agricultural machinery. There was also an engine company there until at least 1915, the Hoopeston Gas Engine Company, which catered to agriculture and home use.  In honor of its agricultural roots, including the growing of sweet corn, Hoopeston holds a Sweet Corn Festival each September, starting the Thursday before Labor Day and ending on Labor Day. In association with the festival, the Miss National Sweetheart is held during the same week. Runners-up from the Miss America state pageants are eligible to compete for the title of Miss National Sweetheart.  It was also the location of one of several prisoner of war camps housing German soldiers during World War II (see German Prisoner of War Camp, Hoopeston, Illinois).

Geography.

Hoopeston is located at the intersection of Illinois Route 1 and Illinois Route 9, about one mile from the north edge of Vermilion County. According to the 2010 census, Hoopeston has a total area of, all land.

Demographics.

Hoopeston is part of the Danville, Illinois, Metropolitan Statistical Area.  As of the census of 2010, there were 5,351 people residing in the city. The population density was 1,451.7 people per square mile. There were 2,529 housing units. The racial makeup of the city was 91.79% White, 0.82% African American, 0.28% Native American, 0.13% Asian, 5.60% from other races, and 1.37% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 8.38% of the population.  There were 2,369 households out of which 30.7% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 50.5% were married couples living together, 11.4% had a female householder with no husband present, and 34.7% were non-families. 31.2% of all households were made up of individuals and 16.6% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.44 and the average family size was 3.04.  In the city, the population was spread out with 24.8% under the age of 18, 8.3% from 18 to 24, 24.1% from 25 to 44, 22.4% from 45 to 64, and 20.4% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 40 years. For every 100 females, there were 99.2 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 97.6 males.  The median income for a household in the city was $31,947, and the median income for a family was $39,368. Males had a median income of $31,656 versus $20,474 for females. The per capita income for the city was $15,055. About 12.3% of families and 13.8% of the population were below the poverty line, including 16.6% of those under age 18 and 11.7% of those age 65 or over.

Education.

Primary and secondary education.

The school district has faced increasingly declining enrollment over the past 10 years. The district has also struggled financially in recent years. Honeywell School, formerly serving 3rd and 4th-grade students, was closed at the end of the 2015–2016 school year due to funding cuts and declining enrollment.  The school teams are named the "Cornjerkers", a term describing farm workers who picked corn prior to the use of mechanized corn picker implements.  Hoopeston Area High School is the alma mater of former Ohio State University head men's basketball coach Thad Matta.

Library.

Hoopeston is served by the Hoopeston Carnegie Public Library.

Miss National Sweetheart pageant.

The Miss National Sweetheart beauty pageant was created in 1941. Its contestants are runners-up from the Miss America state pageants who have been invited to Hoopeston for the competition. The event, which has no official ties to the Miss America Organization, is sponsored by the Hoopeston Jaycees and is held on Labor Day weekend in conjunction with the town's annual Sweetcorn Festival. Most contestants were the first runners-up in their state pageants, but second and other runners-up are invited if the first runner-up chooses not to attend. The winner of the title receives a $1,200 scholarship and a pendant shaped like an ear of corn.  Winning this title does not guarantee that a contestant will win a Miss America state title, but since 1980, five Miss National Sweetheart winners have gone on to win both their state and the Miss America title. Since 1970 there have been nine Miss America titleholders who have competed in the National Sweetheart pageant.  In 2016, the Miss America organization officially disassociated itself with the Miss National Sweetheart Organization. This decision was believed to be based on the inappropriate behavior of long time pageant judge Justin Jagiella and his preferential treatment of Pandas. Pursuant to their decision, Miss America state pageant contestants are prohibited from competing for Miss National Sweetheart.

Hoopeston () is a city in Grant Township, Vermilion County, Illinois, United States. As of the 2010 census, the city population was 5,351.


History.

Columbus was platted in 1835. A post office called Columbus was established in 1837, and remained in operation until 1963.

Geography.

Columbus is located at (39.988141, -91.147503).  According to the 2010 census, Columbus has a total area of, all land.

Demographics.

As of the census of 2000, there were 112 people, 42 households, and 34 families residing in the village. The population density was 444.5 people per square mile (173.0/km2). There were 51 housing units at an average density of 202.4 per square mile (78.8/km2). The racial makeup of the village was 94.64% White and 5.36% African American.  There were 42 households out of which 35.7% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 78.6% were married couples living together, 4.8% had a female householder with no husband present, and 16.7% were non-families. 14.3% of all households were made up of individuals and 9.5% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.67 and the average family size was 2.91.  In the village, the population was spread out with 24.1% under the age of 18, 8.9% from 18 to 24, 29.5% from 25 to 44, 19.6% from 45 to 64, and 17.9% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 36 years. For every 100 females, there were 107.4 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 97.7 males.  The median income for a household in the village was $38,438, and the median income for a family was $38,125. Males had a median income of $31,250 versus $15,417 for females. The per capita income for the village was $16,429. There were 5.6% of families and 5.8% of the population living below the poverty line, including 8.3% of under eighteens and none of those over 64.

Columbus is a village in Adams County, Illinois, United States. The population was 99 at the 2010 census. It is part of the Quincy, IL–MO Micropolitan Statistical Area.


Changes from 2016.

For the third season running, the league will feature a total of seven teams. Dynamo de Québec & CS St-Hubert will begin their first season in the league, while Lakeshore SC & Ottawa Fury FC Academy departed after the 2016 season.  Starting this year, the league champion was granted a place in the next year's Canadian Championship. As a result, the Inter-Provincial Cup was discontinued.

Teams.

The following seven teams will take part in the 2017 season:

Standings.

Each team plays 18 matches as part of the season; three against every other team in the league. There are no playoffs; the first-place team is crowned as league champion at the end of the season and qualifies for the 2018 Canadian Championship.  <onlyinclude></onlyinclude>

Cup.

The cup tournament is a separate contest from the rest of the season, in which all seven teams from the league take part, and is unrelated to the season standings. It is not a form of playoffs at the end of the season (as is typically seen in North American sports), but is a competition running in parallel to the regular season (similar to the Canadian Championship or the FA Cup), albeit only for PLSQ teams. All matches are separate from the regular season, and are not reflected in the season standings.  The 2017 PLSQ Cup will maintain the same format as the previous seasons, as a two-game aggregate knockout tournament with a single match final. As defending champion, AS Blainville will obtain a bye for the first round.

First Round.

Semifinals.

<br

The 2017 Première Ligue de soccer du Québec season is the sixth season of play for the Première Ligue de soccer du Québec, a Division 3 semi-professional soccer league in the Canadian soccer pyramid and the highest level of soccer based in the Canadian province of Québec.


History.

Initial operations.

After shakedown out of San Diego, "McCook" sailed for the east coast 22 May 1943. She reported at Norfolk for duty in the Atlantic Fleet, 6 June, and by the end of the month had begun her first escort assignment, a convoy to Casablanca, departing Norfolk 26 June and returning 17 July. Before the end of the year she completed two more north African convoys, one to the United Kingdom and numerous escort assignments along the northeastern coast. On 15 December, she reported to COTCLANT and spent the next six weeks training destroyer crews out of Norfolk. Detached from training duties, "McCook" resumed escort work 31 January 1944 when she sailed for Trinidad with new aircraft carrier on her shakedown cruise, returning with her to Boston on 27 February.  Further training in antisubmarine and antiaircraft warfare took up much of March as "McCook" prepared to return to European waters. On 18 April, she joined Task Group 27.8 (TG 27.8) and steamed for the United Kingdom, arriving at Plymouth, England on 28 April. The destroyer continued on to Portland and from there participated in a month of intensive amphibious landing exercises at Slapton Sands and at Belfast.  At Weymouth Roads 28 May "McCook" was caught in an air raid in which she suffered damage to her radar, sound equipment, range finder, and main battery director in addition to having five guns disabled and losing steering control from the bridge. Luckily there were no personnel casualties. The damage threatened to keep her out of the upcoming invasion for which she had been training for the past month. But the fast and efficient craftsmen on board the destroyer tender quickly had her back in fighting trim.

Normandy landings, Operation Anvil.

On 5 June, "McCook" departed with Destroyer Squadron 18 (DesRon 18) and ships of Assault Force "O" for the coast of France. Early 6 June, under the command of Lieutenant Commander Ralph Lester Ramey she arrived in the Baie de la Seine and at 03:20 commenced bombardment of the beaches and waterfront of the Pointe du Hoc–Vierville-sur-Mer area. By 06:16 she had neutralized her assigned targets (three pillboxes, 13 machine gun nests and three shore guns) and had begun to take on targets of opportunity. By the end of the day, she had added to her score seven pillboxes, eight gun emplacements and ten stone houses, in which enemy machine guns and snipers had been placed.  Resupplying and fueling at Portland and Plymouth, "McCook" continued to operate in the invasion area until 14 July. Four days later she was en route to Bizerte screening a convoy of LSTs and infantry landing craft. She delivered her charges on 28 July and steamed to Mers-el-Kebir, where she remained until 4 August. She then sailed to Naples to join the forces assembling for Operation Anvil, the invasion of southern France. On 13 August she sailed for France, arriving on 14 August to take up a screening position south of Toulon. For the next 35 days she remained in the assault area providing gunfire support and screen protection to the Allied combatants and to the supply and reinforcement convoys from Corsica and Naples.  She departed for the United States via Oran and Gibraltar on 21 September. She arrived at New York 3 October, and operated off the east coast until close to the end of the year. She again resumed transatlantic convoy duties on 28 December, completing six by 24 May 1945 when she entered the Philadelphia Navy Yard. There she commenced conversion to a destroyer-minesweeper. She was reclassified DMS-36 on 30 May.  Her conversion completed on 12 July, she conducted minesweeping exercises until 12 August. She then departed for postwar duties in the western Pacific.

Postwar services.

"McCook" arrived at Okinawa 28 September and, after riding out two typhoons, commenced minesweeping operations in the Yellow Sea toward the end of October. Working with MinRon 1, she cut 77 of the 500 mines swept by that group during the period 23 October to 15 November.  She arrived at Sasebo for duty in the coastal waters of Japan on 17 November. Assigned a courier trip to Wakayama, 14 December, she suffered extensive damage in a typhoon on the return voyage. Repairs were begun upon her return to Sasebo on 18 November and finished the next month. She sailed to the Kure–Hiroshima area to check the swept channels in the Inland Sea on 3 February 1946. Accomplishing that mission by the 26th she steamed to Shanghai, returning two weeks later to Japan. She departed Yokosuka on 12 March for the United States, arriving at San Francisco on 31 March.  "McCook" remained at San Francisco until 14 January 1947 when she was ordered to San Diego. Working primarily with the Underwater Training Unit, San Diego, she operated out of that port for the next two years. She also participated in destroyer squadron exercises and battle problems off the California coast and in the Hawaiian Islands. A cruise to the Marshalls and the Marianas, 7 July to 11 September 1947, was her only oversea deployment during this period.  By January 1949, deactivation had begun aboard "McCook" and on 27 May she was decommissioned and was berthed at San Diego as a part of the Pacific Reserve Fleet. Reclassified DD-496 on 15 July 1955, "McCook" was stricken from the register on 15 January 1972. She was sold 27 August 1973 and broken up for scrap.  "McCook" received three battle stars for World War II service.

USS "McCook" (DD-496), a, was the second ship of the United States Navy to be named for Commander Roderick S. McCook (1839–1886), who was an officer in the Union Navy during the American Civil War.


Early life.

Bhatt was born on 24 February 1972 to Mahesh Bhatt and Kiran Bhatt (born Loraine Bright). On her father's side, Bhatt is of predominantly Gujarati descent and on her mother's side, she is of English, Scottish, Armenian, and Burmese ancestry. She is the step-daughter of Soni Razdan. She has a brother, Rahul Bhatt and half-sisters Shaheen and Alia Bhatt. Her cousins are Hitarth Bhat and Emraan Hashmi.

Career.

Bhatt made her acting debut at age 17, in 1989 with "Daddy", a TV film directed by her father Mahesh Bhatt. In the film she portrayed a soul-searching teenage girl in an estranged relationship with her alcoholic father, played by actor Anupam Kher.  Her biggest solo hit and her big screen debut came with the musical hit "Dil Hai Ke Manta Nahin" (1991), which was a remake of the Oscar-winning Hollywood classic "It Happened One Night". Pooja Bhatt appeared in many bold shoots like Stardust.  Her most well-known films in the 1990s included "Sadak" opposite Sanjay Dutt (1991), "Junoon", "Jaanam", and "Phir Teri Kahani Yaad Aayee" opposite Rahul Roy, "Sir" (1993) and "Guneghar" (1995) opposite Atul Agnihotri, "Tadipaar" (1993) and "Naaraaz" (1994) opposite Mithun Chakraborty, "Hum Dono" opposite Rishi Kapoor, "Angrakshak" opposite Sunny Deol (1995), "Chaahat" opposite Shah Rukh Khan (1996), "Tamanna" (1997), the super-hit and multi-starrer "Border" (1997) and "Zakhm" (1998), opposite Ajay Devgan. Bhatt has also acted in some popular hit regional Indian films. Her last film appearance was in the English language film "Everybody Says I'm Fine!" in 2001. She has since focused on producing and directing. She made her directorial debut with "Paap" in 2004, starring John Abraham and Udita Goswami. Since then, she has made four more directorial ventures: "Holiday" (2006), "Dhokha" (2007), "Kajraare" (2010) and "Jism 2" (2012).  Pooja is set to return to acting after almost two decades in "Sadak 2", a sequel to the hit 1991 film. The film will see her and Sanjay Dutt reprising their roles from the original and her sister Alia Bhatt and Aditya Roy Kapur joining the cast. Her father will be returning to directing with this film after 20 years and it is set for release in 2020.

Controversies.

Mahesh Bhatt became the talk of the town and was slammed by fans after the filmmaker shot for a magazine cover which showed him and his daughter Pooja kissing each other on the lips. However, the quote which further fuelled the fire was: ""If Pooja wasn't my daughter, I'd love to marry her.""

Pooja Bhatt (born 24 February 1972) is an Indian film director, actress, voice over artist, model and film maker. The recipient of several accolades, including two National Film Awards.


Military service.

Aubrey Cosens was born in Latchford, Ontario on May 21, 1921, the only son to Mr. and Mrs. Charles Cosens. Shortly afterwards his family moved near Porquis Junction and this is where Cosens remained until he left school at 17 and went to work as a section hand on the Temiskaming and Northern Ontario Railway.  A year after taking this job, the Second World War broke out and Aubrey attempted to join the RCAF and was rejected because he was considered too young.  In 1940 he joined The Argyll and Sutherland Highlanders of Canada as private and later transferred to The Queen's Own Rifles of Canada as a Corporal. He was promoted Sergeant while serving as part of the D-day reinforcements in Normandy, France.  He was 23 years old and a sergeant in The Queen's Own Rifles of Canada during the Canadian Army's involvement in the Second World War.  On the night of 25–26 February 1945 at Mooshof near Uedem, Germany, B and D Coys of The Queen's Own Rifles of Canada led a series of attacks on German strongholds. During the battle his Platoon Commander was killed-in-action and the platoon took heavy casualties. Sergeant Cosens assumed command of the four survivors of his platoon whom he placed in position to give him covering fire. Running forward alone to a tank, he took up an exposed position in front of the turret and directed its fire. When a further counter-attack had been repulsed, he ordered the tank to ram some farm buildings into which the Germans attackers had retreated. He went in alone, killing 22 of the defenders and taking the rest prisoners. He then dealt similarly with the occupants of two more buildings, but was shot by a sniper when he went to report back to superior officers.

Legacy.

Aubrey Cosens was mentioned in Robert Heinlein's "Starship Troopers", albeit misspelled.  Little ships, the ones named for foot sloggers: Horatius, Alvin York, Swamp Fox, the Rog herself, bless her heart, Colonel Bowie, Devereux, Vercingetorix, Sandino, Aubrey Cousens, Kamehameha, Audie Murphy, Xenophon, Aguinaldo --  Grave/memorial at Buried at Groesbeek Canadian War Cemetery in the Netherlands. Plot VIII. row H. Grave 2. Headstone.

Aubrey Cosens VC (21 May 1921 – 26 February 1945) was a Canadian posthumous recipient of the Victoria Cross, the highest and most prestigious award for gallantry in the face of the enemy that can be awarded to British and Commonwealth forces.


History.

Temporary battlefield cemeteries and remains recovery.

The Korean War began when North Korean People's Army forces attacked south in June 1950. As the fighting progressed, temporary military cemeteries for battle casualties were established by United Nations forces near the towns of Taejon (July 9, 1950), Kwan-ui (Kwan-ni), Kum-chon, and Sindong. When the North Korean forces pushed towards Busan, these cemeteries had to be abandoned. Later, as the Battle of Pusan Perimeter developed, temporary cemeteries were established at Masan, Miryang, and Taegu, with a Busan cemetery being established on July 11, 1950. As the fighting pushed into North Korea, temporary cemeteries were established in or near the towns of Kaesong, Sukehon, Wonsan, Pupchong (Pukchong County), Yudarn-ni and Koto-ri. Some eleven division-level cemeteries were established in the first two months of fighting and later five UN military cemeteries were established in North Korea.  At the beginning of the war, the nearest U.S. Army mortuary affairs unit was the 108th Graves Registration Platoon in Yokohama, Japan, which was searching for the remains of missing World War II American airmen. The 108th was reconfigured as the 114th Graves Registration Company and deployed to establish temporary cemeteries at Hungnam, Pyongyang, and Suchon as the fighting continued. Supporting the 2nd Infantry Division was the Graves Registration Section of the 2nd Quartermaster Company, which collected the remains of Allied and American soldiers to be further processed by the 148th Graves Registration Company. When UN forces launched the Inchon Invasion in September 1950, a platoon from the 565th Graves Registration Company accompanied them. Other mortuary affairs units included the 293rd Graves Registration Company, activated in April 1951. It was difficult to recover remains and conduct burials in Korea, due to the rugged geography and harsh climate, and the threat of unexploded ordnance and booby-traps.

Construction of the Tanggok cemetery.

Construction of the United Nations Military Cemetery (UNMC) at Tanggok began on January 18, 1951 and was carried out by hand-labor over a site. It was dedicated by General Matthew Ridgway on April 6, 1951. Graves Registration units then concentrated American and allied remains at Tanggok before they were permanently buried or repatriated. Besides burial services, refrigeration units to store remains were added, as were cremation facilities. Today the 2,300 graves in the cemetery are set out in 22 sites designated by the nationalities of the buried service members.

Post-armistice.

Following the signing of the Korean Armistice Agreement in July 1953, the United Nations Command sought to recover bodies interred in North Korean territory. Cemeteries for POWs in North Korea were established at 16 POW camps. From September to October 1954, the resulting exchange of casualties, dubbed Operation Glory, between United Nations forces and the North Koreans resulted in 4,219 remains being recovered, of which 1,275 were non-US casualties. (Also exchanged were the remains of approximately 14,000 North Korean and Chinese casualties.) From 1950 to 1954, approximately 11,000 casualties were interred at UNMC, which was maintained by the United States Army Graves Registration Agency.

Foundation as a United Nations cemetery and transfer to CUNMCK.

It was officially established as the United Nations Memorial Cemetery on December 15, 1955 with the passage of UN General Assembly Resolution 977(X). Following the war, the cemetery was funded from the United Nations budget, but the Sino-Soviet world objected to this funding. In 1973, the cemetery was transferred from the UN to the Commission for the United Nations Memorial Cemetery (CUNMCK), which is composed of representatives from the 11 countries who have servicemembers buried there.

Cultural heritage and tourism.

The cemetery is designated as Site 359 in the listing of Registered Cultural Heritage Sites in Korea by the Cultural Heritage Administration of Korea. Also, it is a visitor attraction for Pacific Rim tourists. In 2011, United Nations Secretary-General Ban Ki-moon described it as the only United Nations cemetery in the world.

Memorials.

An Honour Guard from the Republic of Korea 53rd Division carries out flag ceremonies daily.  The UN Sculpture Park was established in October 2001 and twenty-nine permanent memorials are in the cemetery. The memorials include:  The Wall of Remembrance, completed in 2006, has the names of the 40,896 United Nations casualties (killed and missing) inscribed on 140 marble panels.  The UNMCK maintains a website in Korean, English, and Turkish, which allows website visitors to post online flowers and tributary messages.

Notable graves.

The cemetery contains the graves of 2,289 military personnel and 11 non-combatants. Amongst those are the graves of Bill Madden GC, 3rd Battalion, Royal Australian Regiment, (who died as a prisoner of war), Kenneth Muir VC (killed in action in the Battle of Hill 282 while serving with the Argyll and Sutherland Highlanders), and Philip Curtis VC, Duke of Cornwall's Light Infantry (killed in action in the Battle of the Imjin River while serving with the Gloucestershire Regiment). Also buried is Lt. Col. Charles Hercules Green DSO, commander of the 3rd Battalion, Royal Australian Regiment, who was mortally wounded at Battle of Chongju and died at nearby Anju. Dutch Lt. Col., commander of the Regiment Van Heutsz, was killed in action during Operation Roundup in 1951 and is buried with members of his regiment—posthumously, den Ouden was awarded Netherlands' highest military award, the Military Order of William. In the early days of the war, journalist Christopher Buckley died from a land mine explosion, and was subsequently buried at the cemetery. Following his death in 2018, Korean War veteran and Victoria Cross recipient Bill Speakman was buried there in 2019.

Total burials.

Between 1951 and 1954 there were about 11,000 burials of UN troops from 21 countries. As of 2012, there are 2,300 wards of eleven countries, including 36 of the Republic of Korea troops deployed to the United Nations military bases. Because burials of seven counties graves were retrieved back to their homeland, including Belgium, Colombia, Ethiopia, Greece, Luxembourg, Philippines and Thailand. The burials of British Commonwealth Forces Korea are located in United Nations Memorial Cemetery. The numbers are 885 British troops, in accordance with the English customs of the dead.

The United Nations Memorial Cemetery in Korea (UNMCK; ), located at Tanggok in the Nam District, City of Busan, Republic of Korea, is a burial ground for United Nations Command (UNC) casualties of the Korean War. It contains 2,300 graves and is the only United Nations cemetery in the world. Laid out over, the graves are set out in 22 sites designated by the nationalities of the buried servicemembers.


Early career.

Originating from the Northland Region of New Zealand, Goodhue was born in the city of Whangarei and raised on a farm at Whananaki near Hikurangi, New Zealand, along with older brother Cameron and twin Josh who both went on to become professional rugby players. He attended Mount Albert Grammar School in Auckland along with his twin who captained their first XV while Jack was vice captain as they won 17 of their 20 games in 2013. Following graduation, he moved to New Zealand's South Island in order to study Agriculture at Lincoln University and while there he played both Colts and Division 1 rugby for them, winning titles at both levels.

Senior career.

Despite not making the initial Canterbury squad for the 2014 ITM Cup, he forced his way into their match day plans during the year and went on to make 5 appearances and score 2 tries for them before concussion ended his season prematurely. After starting the first 2 games of the following season, he suffered ACL and MCL knee injuries in a game against which ruled him out for almost a year.  He returned to full fitness for 2016 and was in fine form with 3 tries in 11 games as Canterbury lifted their 8th Premiership title in 9 years with a 43-27 victory over Tasman in the final.

Super Rugby.

Following his season-ending injury in 2015, Goodhue was named as a medical exemption player in the wider training group ahead of the 2016 Super Rugby season. His extensive rehabilitation meant that he did not get on the field at all during the year, however his form for Canterbury in the latter part of 2016 meant that he was promoted to the full Crusaders squad for 2017 as part of a new deal which saw him contracted to the Christchurch-based franchise until 2019.  Goodhue was not expected to get as much game time as he eventually did in 2017, due to the presence of fellow rising star David Havili and the fact that All Black midfielder Seta Tamanivalu had shifted south to the Crusaders for the 2017 Super Rugby season, coming from the Chiefs. Goodhue became a regular starter for the Crusaders in his debut season however, with Tamanivalu changing positions to the left wing while Havili became the first-choice fullback due to an Israel Dagg knee injury- leaving Goodhue as All Black Ryan Crotty's midfield partner for the majority of the season. Goodhue started in all three playoff rounds of the competition, scoring the Crusaders' second try of the Grand Final in Johannesburg 11 minutes into the game, finishing his debut Super Rugby season with a 25-17 win over the Lions in the final.  On 10 June 2017, Goodhue started alongside Havili in a midfield partnership against the touring British and Irish Lions team. Goodhue lasted the whole 80 minutes, but the Crusaders ultimately lost 3-12.  In 2018 the Crusaders won their second title in two years where he started at centre against the Lions in a repeat of last years final. The Crusaders won 37-18.  Jack Goodhue was again a part of the Crusaders success in 2019 however he broke his finger against the Hurricanes in the semi-final. Because of this, Goodhue missed the final against the Jaguares making it to the final for the first time. The Crusaders won 19-3 making it three straight titles for them and Jack Goodhue

International.

Goodhue represented the All Blacks Sevens twice in 2015 at the USA and Wellington competitions. He also won the 2015 World Rugby Under 20 Championship with New Zealand under-20, scoring two tries in five matches and captaining the side in one game.  Goodhue was included as an injury cover for Ryan Crotty in the All Blacks' 33-man squad for the 2017 Pasifika Challenge against Samoa and three-test series against the British and Irish Lions. Goodhue and fellow uncapped midfielders Ngani Laumape and Jordie Barrett were surprise inclusions in the squad, with Highlanders midfielder Malakai Fekitoa excluded from the squad in their favour. Laumape, Barrett and Hurricanes loose forward Vaea Fifita made their debuts for the All Blacks in 2017's mid-year tests but Goodhue ultimately did not play, with the All Blacks selectors re-calling Fekitoa for the third test against the Lions following Crotty suffering another hamstring injury and Sonny Bill Williams' suspension.  Goodhue managed to make his way back into the All Blacks squad and was selected for a New Zealand XV side as part of the 2017 end-of-season tour. Goodhue was named to start at outside centre on his debut in a mid-week fixture against a French XV on 14 November 2017. Goodhue had a good game, but this was overshadowed by his yellow card in the 68th minute. Goodhue was one of five debutants that day, as they went on to win 28–23, however this match does not count as an official test match.  Goodhue made his official test debut on 23 June 2018 against France during the France test series where he started at outside centre. The All Blacks won 49–14.  Goodhue scored the first try as All Blacks on 17 August 2018 against Australia.

Honours.

New Zealand Under-20  Canterbury

Elias Jack Goodhue (born 13 June 1995) is a New Zealand rugby union player who currently plays as a midfield back for in New Zealand's domestic Mitre 10 Cup, the in the international Super Rugby competition, and the All Blacks. He has the privilege of being the final guest on the “Radio Sport Breakfast” for 2019.


History.

Name and origins.

On Spanish documents, the original spelling was "Castec", which represented the Chumash Native American word "Kashtiq", meaning "eyes" or "wet spot". Castec is first mentioned on old boundary maps of Rancho San Francisco, as a canyon at the trailhead leading to the old Chumash camp at Castac Lake (Tejon Ranch), which is intermittently wet and briny.  Modern Castaic began in 1887 when Southern Pacific set up a railroad siding on the line between Piru and Saugus Station, naming it "Castaic Junction". Between January and April 1890, the Castec School District adopted the new spelling, "Castaic".  Following that newer spelling, some pronounce "Castaic" with three, instead of two, syllables. (See below for details and sources on the pronunciation.)

Range War.

Between 1890 and 1916, the Castaic Range War was fought in Castaic country over ranch boundaries and grazing rights. It was the biggest range war in U.S. history.  A feud started over Section 23, where the Stonebridge subdivision is now. William Chormicle had legally bought the property, but William "Wirt" Jenkins was already storing grain on it and said he had filed for ownership. During a heated dispute, Chormicle and a friend shot and killed two of Jenkins's cowhands. They were acquitted in court.  Jenkins, however, was the local justice of the peace, with friends of his own, and the feud quickly grew into war. Former Los Angeles Rangers (among whom Jenkins had fought) and other notables were drawn in. The war claimed dozens of lives and foiled a negotiator, a forest ranger whom President Theodore Roosevelt had sent in to quell it.

Ridge Route.

The hamlet of Castaic began in 1915 with the opening of the original Ridge Route, which brought travelers looking for gasoline, water, food, and lodging to the community. Some of the earliest businesses started in Castaic are Castaic Brick (founded 1927) and George Dunn's Wayside Dairy (founded 1929). Sam's Place (Sam Parson, proprietor) on the Ridge Route has long since gone and is now a memory. Castaic is a major truck stop along the Interstate 5 freeway.

Roundup.

Castaic has the last traditional cattle roundup—with horses, lariats, and branding irons—in Los Angeles County. It has been held by the Cordova family since 1834, when the family first settled here. Members of the Cordova family were scouts for the U.S. Army during the Mexican War in 1846 and helped identify bodies during the St. Francis Dam disaster in San Francisquito Canyon in 1928. Operations scaled back in 1967 when the government seized around, including the ancestral ranch-house, for the planned Castaic Lake and dam.

Geography.

Castaic includes Castaic Lake and lies at the southern terminus of the west branch of the California Water Project. A 1,175-megawatt pumped-storage hydroelectric plant at the north end of Castaic Lake captures the energy from the falling water descending toward the Los Angeles area.  Today travelers enjoy visiting Castaic for its spacious country setting and lake. Nearby amenities include Castaic Lake and Pyramid Lake, where camping, boating and swimming are available.

Seismology.

The area is seismically active. On January 3, 2015, a pair of earthquakes of magnitude 3.1 (location:, depth: ) and 4.2 (location:, depth: ), respectively, were reported about north of Castaic. The epicenter was from Santa Clarita, California.

Climate.

This region experiences warm and dry summers, with no average monthly temperatures above. During the months of June though September, however, the average high temperature ranges from the 90s F (30s C) to above. According to the Köppen Climate Classification system, Castaic has a warm-summer Mediterranean climate, abbreviated "Csb" on climate maps.

Demographics.

The 2010 United States Census reported that Castaic had a population of 19,015. The population density was 2,612.5 people per square mile (1,008.7/km2). The racial makeup of Castaic was 13,607 (71.6%) White (57.1% Non-Hispanic White), 630 (3.3%) African American, 119 (0.6%) Native American, 2,162 (11.4%) Asian, 26 (0.1%) Pacific Islander, 1,466 (7.7%) from other races, and 1,005 (5.3%) from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 4,716 persons (24.8%).  The Census reported that 18,946 people (99.6% of the population) lived in households, 69 (0.4%) lived in non-institutionalized group quarters, and 0 (0%) were institutionalized.  According to the 2010 United States Census, Castaic had a median household income of $106,538, with 7.0% of the population living below the federal poverty line. The population was spread out with 5,761 people (30.3%) under the age of 18, 1,717 people (9.0%) aged 18 to 24, 5,144 people (27.1%) aged 25 to 44, 5,302 people (27.9%) aged 45 to 64, and 1,091 people (5.7%) who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 35.6 years. For every 100 females, there were 101.2 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 99.8 males.  There were 5,932 housing units at an average density of 815.0 per square mile (314.7/km2), of which 4,843 (84.2%) were owner-occupied, and 908 (15.8%) were occupied by renters. The homeowner vacancy rate was 1.2%; the rental vacancy rate was 6.7%. 16,231 people (85.4% of the population) lived in owner-occupied housing units and 2,715 people (14.3%) lived in rental housing units.

Government and infrastructure.

The Los Angeles County Sheriff's Department (LASD) operates the Santa Clarita Valley Station in Santa Clarita, serving Castaic.  Station 149 of the Los Angeles County Fire Department serves the community. The Castaic Town Council meets monthly.  The Castaic Union School District consists of four schools: three elementary schools and one middle school. Live Oak Elementary School, Castaic Elementary School and Northlake Hills Elementary School serve students in kindergarten through sixth grade. Castaic Middle School serves grades seven through eight. The school district does not yet have a high school. Currently, Castaic high school students attend either Valencia High School or West Ranch High School in the William S. Hart Union High School District. The Hart District offices are located southeast of Castaic.  The community has a ZIP Code of 91384 and area code of 661.

Pronunciation.

The historical spellings of Castaic (Kashtiq, Castec, and Castac) all are written as having "two" syllables. Long-time residents have generally held that Castaic is therefore pronounced to rhyme with "mosaic" (i.e., ). More recently, many have taken to an alternate pronunciation, based on the current spelling, with "two" syllables, to rhyme with "steak" (i.e., ).  In 2013, at a meeting over the planned Castaic High School, people in attendance argued over which pronunciation was right.

Castaic (also spelled Castec or Kashtiq) is an unincorporated community and census-designated place (CDP) located in the northern part of Los Angeles County, California. As of the 2010 census it had a population of 19,015.


History.

Stycas were first minted in the reign of Æthelred I of Northumbria (790–796), replacing the earlier sceat which ceased production in c. 790. They were initially made from a debased alloy of silver, and from c. 830 until c. 835 they were also minted in a copper alloy. Production switched over entirely to copper in c. 837 and lasted until c. 855. Production ceased at this time, though the coin remained in circulation until the Viking conquest of Northumbria in 867. Stycas were unique to Northumbria; from the late eighth-century onwards the other Anglo-Saxon kingdoms minted only silver pennies based on the Frankish denier. The vast number of copper stycas which are known to exist indicates that production from the 830s onwards was both intensive and constant. The large quantity of stycas produced, combined with the fact that large numbers of stycas are clearly of unofficial creation, might suggest a reason as to why production was halted in the reign of Osberht of Northumbria.

Design.

With a few exceptions, the various issues of stycas share a common design standard. Typically the name of the issuing king (or archbishop) appears on one side surrounding a central motif, and the name of the moneyer who made the coin appears on the other side. Common central motifs include simple cruciform designs and rings of annulets. Exceptions include those stycas made by the moneyer Leofdegn during the reign of Æthelred II of Northumbria. These stycas feature much more elaborate designs including complex central cruciform devices and one issue in particular features both a hound and a triquetra on the same side.

The styca (;. "stycas") was a small coin minted in pre-Viking Northumbria, originally in base silver and subsequently in a copper alloy. Production began in the 790s and continued until the 850s, though the coin remained in circulation until the Viking conquest of Northumbria in 867.


History.

In 972, the village was recorded in the Anglo-Saxon Chronicles as "Popeltun" and in the "Domesday Book" as "Popeltune". The villages and lands were given by Osbert De Arches to the Abbot of St Mary's in York. It was, therefore, under the ecclesiastical rule of the Parish of St Mary-Bishophill Junior.  During the reign of Richard II the village was the scene of the murder of a Mayor of York.  In 1644 the 25,000 strong Scottish and Parliament Armies, led by the Earl of Manchester, laid siege to the city of York. To facilitate communications, they built a "Bridge of Boats" at Poppleton. This bridge was eventually taken by Prince Rupert and his Royalist Forces, but he subsequently lost the battle at Marston Moor.  The village benefitted from the growth in the railways in the 19th century, when the York, Knaresborough and Harrogate Railway routed their line through Poppleton and erected a station.

Governance.

Upper Poppleton lies within the Rural West Ward of the City of York Unitary Authority. As of the 2011 elections it is represented by Councillors Ian Gillies, Paul Healey and Chris Steward who are all members of the local Conservative Party. It is also a part of the UK Parliamentary Constituency of York Outer as well as the EU region of Yorkshire and the Humber.  Locally there is a Parish Council with eight council members.

Economy.

The Poppletons were formerly agricultural settlements with many farms, but the modern village is mostly a dormitory for commuters to the nearby towns and cities. It has benefited from its good road and rail links. The village has local retail facilities, including a Post Office, and some small enterprises.

Demography.

In the 19th century the population has varied between 284 and 346. The census of 2001 recorded the population as 1,961.

Community.

There are two allotment sites in the village of Upper Poppleton. One is located at the end of Beech Grove and the other is in Main Street next to the Library. There are eight allotments on the Beech Grove Allotments, each approximately 300 square metres. The land is owned by the Parish Council. Main Street Allotments have seven plots.  There is a Youth Club and Scout Troop in the village.

Education.

In 1797, local ironmonger John Dodsworth founded a Church of England School. This was converted into accommodation for the School Master when a new building was built in 1850. As of 2010 Poppleton Ousebank Primary provides primary education for both Poppletons.  For secondary education, the village is in the catchment area of York High School on Cornlands Road in nearby Acomb, though the nearest secondary school is Manor CE on Millfield Lane. Manor is a Church of England School and has its own admissions policy separate from the local City Council. It was originally built in 1813 at Kings Manor and has moved several times before being sited in Millfield Lane.

Transport.

Harrogate Coach Travel buses run past the village as part of the York to Ripon route.  First York buses operate in the village as part of the Nether Poppleton route to York/Stamford Bridge. Transdev York buses operate in the village, as part of the Nether Poppleton route to York/Stamford Bridge, As well as through the village, as part of the Askham Bar/Acomb to Clifton Moor/Monks Cross/University route. Eddie Brown buses run past the village as part of the York to Boroughbridge/Ripon route.  A Park and Ride (Poppleton Bar) was constructed by the A59 in 2015, with Park and Ride buses (route 59) running from Poppleton to York centre, generally every ten minutes.  Northern Rail operates a stopping service on the line between York and Leeds via Harrogate. Poppleton station is the first station after York.

Religion.

The old Norman 'Chapel of All Hallows' in Upper Poppleton was demolished in 1890 to make way for the Victorian Church of All Saints. The 'new' church was designed by Hodgson Fowler of Durham.  In 1866, the two Poppleton Parishes were united to form the Parish of Nether Poppleton with Upper Poppleton. All Saints' Church is situated on The Green in Upper Poppleton.  The present Methodist Chapel on the Green replaced two previous buildings on the site built in 1817 and 1819 respectively.

Sports.

Poppleton United 1st XI play in York Football League Premier Division, as of 2010, and play next to the Community Centre on Main Street. The 2nd XI play in Reserve Division C. Poppleton Tigers Junior Football Club is located in Nether Poppleton, but serves both villages.  There is a Lawn Tennis Club with artificial and all weather courts in Main Street. As of 2010 the Men's 1st and second team play in Division One of the Tyke Petroleum Tennis League and the 3rd team play in Division Six. The Ladies 1st team also compete in the Ladies section of the same League, with the 1st team playing in Division One, the 2nd team in Division Three and the 3rd team in Division Three as of 2010. They also enter five teams in the Mixed Section in Divisions One, Two, Six Eight and Eleven.

Upper Poppleton is a village and civil parish in the unitary authority of the City of York in North Yorkshire, England. It is situated by the west bank of the River Ouse adjacent to Nether Poppleton, and west of York close to the A59 from York to Harrogate. The village is served by Poppleton railway station on the Harrogate Line. According to the 2001 census, the parish had a population of 1,961, increasing to 1,997 at the 2011 Census. Before 1996, it was part of the Borough of Harrogate.


High school career.

Metcalf attended Bishop Denis J. O'Connell High School in Arlington County, Virginia. In high school Metcalf competed in both football and track and field.

College career.

Metcalf attended and played college football at the University of Texas at Austin where he was an All-Southwest Conference selection three times. He was the 1987 Southwest Conference player of the year and a second team All-American. He is the only player in Texas history to lead the team in all-purpose yards all four years. He holds every school receiving record for a running back.  Metcalf also had a distinguished career in track and field. In high school, he was a standout long jumper and sprinter, and still has the seventh longest distance ever posted indoors by an American high schooler with a jump of 7.75 meters. He also recorded personal-bests of 10.54 seconds in the 100 meters and 21.34 in the 200 meters.  He set the University of Texas at Austin's long jump record (still current) at 8.44 meters (27'8"1/4). He won the NCAA National Long Jump Championship in 1986 and 1988 and the SWC Long Jump titles in 1986 and 1987. He was also the Us Jr. National Long Jump Champion in 1986 and 1987. He earned the distinction of being a five-time All-American and in 1988 competed in the USA Olympic Trials, finishing 8th overall.

Professional career.

A multi-talented player, Metcalf excelled at offense and as a returner on special teams. In his second NFL season, he led the league in kickoff return yards (1,052) and return touchdowns (two). He also led the NFL in punt return touchdowns in four different seasons (1993–1995, 1997). Overall, Metcalf finished his career with 2,392 rushing yards, 541 receptions for 5,572 yards, 3,453 punt return yards, and 5,813 yards returning kickoffs. This gave him a total of 17,230 all-purpose yards, ranking him among the NFL's top 10 in that category at the time of his retirement. He also scored 55 touchdowns (12 rushing, 31 receiving, ten punt returns, two kickoff returns). His 12 returns for touchdowns are the third most in NFL history behind Devin Hester and Brian Mitchell. Metcalf's 10 punt return touchdowns were an NFL record, until October 2, 2011 when Devin Hester broke it against the Carolina Panthers. He is the only player ever to have 7,000+ yards on offense and 7,000+ yards on kickoff/punt returns.  Metcalf was traded along with two first round and one second round draft pick by the San Diego Chargers to the Arizona Cardinals for moving one spot in the 1998 NFL Draft to pick quarterback Ryan Leaf.

NFL statistics.

Receiving statistics Returning statistics Rushing statistics

Personal life.

Metcalf coached football at Rainier Beach High School in Seattle, Washington; in the 2005-2006 season he helped lead the team to the state semi-finals. He also started an elite high school track and field club called Seatown Express. Metcalf has also assisted with coaching the University of Washington track and field team.  Eric is the son of former NFL player Terry Metcalf.

Eric Quinn Metcalf (born January 23, 1968) is a former American football player who was primarily known as a return specialist, but played running back and wide receiver in the National Football League (NFL) for the Cleveland Browns, Atlanta Falcons, San Diego Chargers, Arizona Cardinals, Carolina Panthers, Washington Redskins and Green Bay Packers. He was a three-time Pro Bowl selection for the Browns and the Chargers. He was also the 1988 US Track and Field Champion in the long jump and a two-time NCAA Champion in the same event at the University of Texas.


Design and description.

The design of the "Bellerophon" class was derived from that of the revolutionary battleship, with a slight increase in size, armour and a more powerful secondary armament. "Temeraire" had an overall length of, a beam of, and a normal draught of. She displaced at normal load and at deep load. In 1909 her crew numbered 681 officers and ratings and 729 in 1911. The "Bellerophon"s were powered by two sets of Parsons direct-drive steam turbines, each driving two shafts, using steam from eighteen Yarrow boilers. The turbines were rated at a total of and were intended to give them a maximum speed of. During "Temeraire"s sea trials on 5 March 1909, she reached a top speed of from. The ship carried enough coal and fuel oil to give her a range of at a cruising speed of.

Armament and armour.

The "Bellerophon" class was equipped with ten breech-loading (BL) Mk X guns in five twin-gun turrets, three along the centreline and the remaining two as wing turrets. The centreline turrets were designated 'A', 'X' and 'Y', from front to rear, and the port and starboard wing turrets were 'P' and 'Q', respectively. The secondary, or anti-torpedo boat armament, comprised 16 BL Mk VII guns in single mounts. Two of these guns were each installed on the roofs of the fore and aft centreline turrets and the wing turrets in unshielded mounts, and the other eight were positioned in the superstructure. The ships were also fitted with three 18-inch (450 mm) torpedo tubes, one on each broadside and the third in the stern.  The "Bellerophon"-class ships had a waterline belt of Krupp cemented armour that was thick between the fore and aftmost barbettes. The three armoured decks ranged in thicknesses from. The main battery turret faces were thick, and the turrets were supported by thick barbettes.

Modifications.

The four-inch guns on the forward turret roof were transferred to the superstructure in 1914 and the guns from the wing turrets were remounted in the aft superstructure in 1914–1915; all of the four-inch guns in the superstructure were enclosed to better protect their crews. In addition, a single three-inch (76 mm) anti-aircraft (AA) gun was added on the former searchlight platform between the aft turrets. Shortly afterwards, the guns on the aft turret were removed as were one pair from the superstructure. Around the same time another three-inch AA gun was added to the aft turret roof.  By May 1916, a fire-control director had been installed high on the forward tripod mast and approximately of additional deck armour was added after the Battle of Jutland. By April 1917, "Temeraire" had exchanged the three-inch AA gun on 'Y' turret for a four-inch gun and the stern torpedo tube had been removed. In 1918 a high-angle rangefinder was fitted and the four-inch AA gun was moved to the quarterdeck. After the war ended, four secondary guns were removed to provide extra space for naval cadets and both AA guns were dismounted.

Construction and career.

"Temeraire" was named after the French 74-gun ship of the line Téméraire that had been captured in 1759, and was the fourth ship of her name to serve in the Royal Navy. The ship was ordered on 30 October 1906 and was laid down at HM Dockyard, Devonport on 1 January 1907. She was launched on 24 August 1907 and completed in May 1909. Including her armament, her cost is variously quoted at £1,744,287 or £1,751,144. On 31 July 1909 "Temeraire" was taking part in a Royal Review of the Fleet at Spithead when an accident with a 4-inch gun injured three men, one of whom later died. "Temeraire" was commissioned on 15 May 1909 and assigned to the 1st Division of the Home Fleet under the command of Captain Alexander Duff. She participated in combined fleet manoeuvres in June–July and was then reviewed by King Edward VII and Tsar Nicholas II of Russia during Cowes Week on 31 July. Captain Arthur Christian relieved Duff on 25 October. "Temeraire" was refitted in 1911 at Devonport and then took part in the Coronation Fleet Review for King George V at Spithead on 24 June 1911. Christian was relieved in his turn by Captain Reginald Allenby on 12 August. The 1st Division was renamed the 1st Battle Squadron (BS) on 1 May 1912. The ship was present in the Parliamentary Naval Review on 9 July at Spithead and then participated in manoeuvres in October. On 5 April 1913 Captain Cresswell Eyres assumed command of the ship. The squadron visited Cherbourg, France in July. Eyres was relieved by Captain Edwyn Alexander-Sinclair on 1 September.

First World War.

On 15 July 1914, "Temeraire" was transferred to the 4th Battle Squadron and took part in a test mobilisation and fleet review between 17 and 20 July as part of the British response to the July Crisis. Arriving in Portland on 27 July, she was ordered to proceed with the rest of the Home Fleet to Scapa Flow two days later to safeguard the fleet from a possible German surprise attack. In August, following the outbreak of the First World War, the Home Fleet was reorganised as the Grand Fleet, and placed under the command of Admiral John Jellicoe. Most of it was briefly based (22 October to 3 November) at Lough Swilly, Ireland, while the defences at Scapa were strengthened. On the evening of 22 November, the Grand Fleet conducted a fruitless sweep in the southern half of the North Sea; "Temeraire" stood with the main body in support of Vice-Admiral David Beatty's 1st Battlecruiser Squadron. The fleet was back in port in Scapa Flow by 27 November. On 16 December, the Grand Fleet sortied during the German raid on Scarborough, Hartlepool and Whitby, but failed to make contact with the High Seas Fleet. "Temeraire" and the 4th BS conducted target practice north of the Hebrides on 24 December and then rendezvoused with the rest of the Grand Fleet for another sweep of the North Sea on 25–27 December.  Jellicoe's ships, including "Temeraire", conducted gunnery drills on 10–13 January 1915 west of Orkney and Shetland. On the evening of 23 January, the bulk of the Grand Fleet sailed in support of Beatty's battlecruisers, but they were too far away to participate in the ensuing Battle of Dogger Bank the following day. On 8 February, Captain Allen Hunt relieved Alexander-Sinclair. On 7–10 March, the Grand Fleet made a sweep in the northern North Sea, during which it conducted training manoeuvres. Another such cruise took place on 16–19 March. On 11 April, the fleet patrolled the central North Sea and returned to port on 14 April; another patrol in the area took place on 17–19 April, followed by gunnery drills off Shetland on 20–21 April.  The Grand Fleet swept the central North Sea on 17–19 May and 29–31 May without encountering any German vessels. "Temeraire" was refitted at Devonport in mid-1915 and rejoined the 4th BS in August. On 2–5 September, the fleet went on another cruise in the northern end of the North Sea and conducted gunnery drills. Throughout the rest of the month, the Grand Fleet was performing numerous training exercises before making another sweep into the North Sea on 13–15 October. Almost three weeks later, "Temeraire" participated in another fleet training operation west of Orkney during 2–5 November.  The fleet departed for a cruise in the North Sea on 26 February 1916; Jellicoe had intended to use the Harwich Force of cruisers and destroyers to sweep the Heligoland Bight, but bad weather prevented operations in the southern North Sea. As a result, the operation was confined to the northern end of the sea. Hunt was relieved in his turn by Captain Edwin Underhill on 3 March. Another sweep began on three days later, but had to be abandoned the following day as the weather grew too severe for the escorting destroyers. On the night of 25 March, "Temeraire" and the rest of the fleet sailed from Scapa Flow to support Beatty's battlecruisers and other light forces raiding the German Zeppelin base at Tondern. By the time the Grand Fleet approached the area on 26 March, the British and German forces had already disengaged and a strong gale threatened the light craft, so the fleet was ordered to return to base. On 21 April, the Grand Fleet conducted a demonstration off Horns Reef to distract the Germans while the Imperial Russian Navy relaid its defensive minefields in the Baltic Sea. The fleet returned to Scapa Flow on 24 April and refuelled before proceeding south in response to intelligence reports that the Germans were about to launch a raid on Lowestoft, but only arrived in the area after the Germans had withdrawn. On 2–4 May, the fleet conducted another demonstration off Horns Reef to keep German attention focused on the North Sea.

Battle of Jutland.

In an attempt to lure out and destroy a portion of the Grand Fleet, the High Seas Fleet, composed of 16 dreadnoughts, 6 pre-dreadnoughts, and supporting ships, departed the Jade Bight early on the morning of 31 May. The fleet sailed in concert with Rear Admiral Franz von Hipper's five battlecruisers. The Royal Navy's Room 40 had intercepted and decrypted German radio traffic containing plans of the operation. In response the Admiralty ordered the Grand Fleet, totalling some 28 dreadnoughts and 9 battlecruisers, to sortie the night before to cut off and destroy the High Seas Fleet.  On 31 May, "Temeraire" was the fifteenth ship from the head of the battle line after deployment. During the first stage of the general engagement, the ship fired five salvos from her main guns at the crippled light cruiser from 18:34, claiming two or three hits. At 19:17, the ship fired seven salvos at the battlecruiser, but did not make any hits. About ten minutes later, "Temeraire" engaged several German destroyer flotillas with three salvos from her main armament without result. This was the last time that the ship fired her guns during the battle. She received no damage and fired a total of 72 twelve-inch shells (all high explosive) and 50 shells from her four-inch guns during the battle.

Subsequent activity.

The Grand Fleet sortied on 18 August to ambush the High Seas Fleet while it advanced into the southern North Sea, but a series of miscommunications and mistakes prevented Jellicoe from intercepting the German fleet before it returned to port. Two light cruisers were sunk by German U-boats during the operation, prompting Jellicoe to decide to not risk the major units of the fleet south of 55° 30' North due to the prevalence of German submarines and mines. The Admiralty concurred and stipulated that the Grand Fleet would not sortie unless the German fleet was attempting an invasion of Britain or there was a strong possibility it could be forced into an engagement under suitable conditions.  The Grand Fleet sortied on the afternoon of 23 April 1918 after radio transmissions revealed that the High Seas Fleet was at sea after a failed attempt to intercept the regular British convoy to Norway. The Germans were too far ahead of the British, and no shots were fired. In October, "Temeraire" and her sister ship,, were transferred to the Mediterranean Fleet, commanded by Vice-Admiral Sir Somerset Gough-Calthorpe. They were part of the squadron that entered the Ottoman capital, Constantinople, on 13 November, following the Armistice of Mudros. A month later, Gough-Calthorpe tasked "Temeraire" to provide a crew for the, which had been turned over to the Allies by the Germans after the Armistice of 11 November. On 13 February 1919, Captain Francis Caulfeild relieved Underhill. The ship remained in the Black Sea and Ottoman waters until 3 April, when she departed for home, having visited Sevastopol, Russia, and Haifa, Palestine, during her deployment.  Upon her arrival at Devonport on 23 April, "Temeraire" was reduced to reserve as she was thoroughly obsolete in comparison to the latest dreadnoughts. Five months later, to the day, she recommissioned as a cadet training ship and began her first training cruise to the Mediterranean on 8 October. Upon her arrival at Portsmouth on 11 April 1921, the ship was relieved of her duty and she sailed for Rosyth, Scotland, four days later to be listed for disposal. She was sold to the Stanlee Shipbreaking & Salvage Co. for scrap in late 1921 and was towed to Dover for demolition in February 1922.

HMS "Temeraire" was one of three dreadnought battleships built for the Royal Navy in the first decade of the 20th century. She spent almost her whole career assigned to the Home and Grand Fleets. Aside from participating in the Battle of Jutland in May 1916 and the inconclusive Action of 19 August, her service during World War I generally consisted of routine patrols and training in the North Sea.