Life.

Born in the Istrian town of Vistar (now Veštar) near Pola (Pula) in modern-day Croatia, Maximianus was consecrated bishop of Ravenna in 546 by Pope Vigilius in Patras, Greece. Maximianus was a forty-eight-year-old deacon from Pola when he became the twenty-sixth bishop of Ravenna. According to the ninth-century Ravennate priest Andreas Agnellus, Maximianus' flock initially refused his leadership, because he was selected by the emperor Justinian I and was not their initial candidate. To a modern art historian Meyer Shapiro, "Maximian was "a poor deacon of Pola who rose to a high position through his political adroitness" as a protegé of Justinian I. He had not been wanted as archbishop by the people of Ravenna, but "by shrewd maneuvres he overcame their opposition, and won their respect by his discretion, generosity, and great enterprises of church building and decoration".  He completed the Basilica of San Vitale and Sant'Apollinare in Classe in Ravenna, and built several other churches, including Santa Maria del Canneto in his native Istria.  Maximianus devoted himself to the revision of liturgical books and to the emendation of the Latin text of the Bible, and commissioned a large number of illuminated manuscripts. For the high altar in Ravenna he had a hanging made of the most costly cloth, which was embroidered with a portrayal of the entire life of Jesus. In another hanging he had portraits of all his predecessors embroidered on gold ground.  Maximian's most remarkable episcopal furnishing is the Throne of Maximian, the "cathedra" of the bishop which was constructed entirely of ivory panels. It was probably carved in Constantinople and shipped to Ravenna. It consists of decorative floral panels framing various figured panels, including one with the complex monogram of the bishop.  In a famous 6th-century mosaic in San Vitale, Maximianus (named above the figure) is with Emperor Justinian and his retinue. The saint holds a jewelled cross and wears early versions of an alb, chasuble and pallium.  He is regarded as a saint by both the Catholic and Orthodox churches, though essentially local to Ravenna, where there is a church dedicated to him at Piazza S. Massimiano, Punta Marina, Ravenna, 48020.

Further reading.

Otto von Simson. "Sacred Fortress: Byzantine Art and Statecraft in Ravenna." Princeton, New Jersey: Princeton University Press, 1987.

Maximianus of Ravenna, or Maximian (499 – February 22, 556; feast day formerly February 21) was bishop of Ravenna in Italy. Ravenna was then the capital of the Byzantine Empire's territories in Italy, and Maximianus's role may have included secular political functions.


Biography.

Early life.

Eduard de Lannoy was born in Brussels, then in the Duchy of Brabant, a region of the Austrian Netherlands, part of the Holy Roman Empire. His father was Pierre Joseph Albert, baron de Lannoy (1733-1825), of the Lannoy family, one of the oldest families in Belgium. His father's career began in 1756 in the Finance department of the Austro-Belgian government; after the suppression of the Jesuit order in 1773 he was chief administrator for the disbursement of its estates. He received the Knight's Cross of the Order of St. Stephen and was made a "Freiherr" (Baron) in 1809. He died in Wildhaus (see below), 8 February 1825.  Lannoy, aged about 8, came with his parents to the Austrian Duchy of Styria in 1796. He attended school and the 'Gymnasium' in Graz from 1796 to 1801. He returned to Brussels and enrolled at the (previously the Old University of Leuven), where he studied linguistics, philosophy and jurisprudence, and especially mathematics and music. A shared prize-winning cantata of his was performed in 1806.

Later life.

Lannoy returned to Graz and continued his studies until May 1809. Lannoy spent several years alternating between Vienna and the castle which his father had purchased in 1808, Schloß Wildhaus (now Castle Vilthus), between Selnica ob Dravi and Marburg on the Drau (now Maribor, Slovenia). where he dedicated his life to music and poetry. In Graz he was a writer in the circle of Ignaz Kollmann, artist and editor of "Aufmerksamen" ('Observations').  He worked meritoriously and disproportionally in the service of music, less as a composer than to uplift and awake music's meaning and power. He became a member of the Gesellschaft der Musikfreunde, involving himself with oratorios and mixed concerts. Vincenz Houška conducted many of them, with Lannoy conducting in 1824-1825. Lannoy conducted the 'Concerts spirituels' founded by Franz X. Gebauer in 1820. After Gebauer died in 1822 aged 37, Lannoy, along with Carl Holz and Ludwig Titze continued to present the concerts. Lannoy's own music collection shows that a wide variety of contemporary music was played at these concerts.  Lannoy gave composition lessons to Johann Vesque von Püttlingen, who went on to write 300 songs under the pseudonym 'J. Hoven' (after Beethoven). The pianist child prodigy Leopoldine Blahetka had through-bass lessons with Lannoy. Lannoy was a contributor (number 22) to the fifty variations which Anton Diabelli commissioned from composers in the Austrian Empire in 1819: Beethoven responded with 33 of his own Diabelli variations. Carl Czerny's piano sonata no. 11, op. 730, was dedicated to Lannoy, as was Spohr's 5th Symphony (along with Carl Holz, Ludwig Titze and Ignaz Seyfried). Lannoy's collection of musical manuscripts included a set of 18th century parts for Mozart's Symphony no. 4, K. 181(162).  Lannoy came into the circle of folkloric-educational endeavours centering on the unconventional Archduke John of Austria. Erzherzog Johann was best man at his wedding in Wildhaus. Lannoy was keen for folk music to be annotated and written down. In conversation and in writing, he disseminated the ideas of Jean-Jacques Rousseau in Vienna, especially the musical articles in the Aesthetic Lexicon by Ignaz Jeitteles which stem from his quill ("stammen aus Lannoy's Feder").  Lannoy was a powerful impulse for cultural and musical life in Graz and Vienna. He sat on the Board of Directors of the Gesellschaft der Musikfreunde, conducted its concerts. He sat on the board of the Vienna Conservatory, and was its director 1830-1835.  He accompanied Adelaide Kemble ('Miß Adelheid Kemble') in a performance of Schubert songs for the new King and queen of Hanover in Karlsbad on 26 August 1837, following a concert earlier in August with Leopold Jansa.

Friends.

His greatest reverence was reserved for Beethoven ("see" § Poetry), and he was on friendly terms with (alphabetically) Hector Berlioz, Alexandre Boucher, Carl Czerny, Félicien David, Gaetano Donizetti, Franz Lachner, Franz Liszt, Ignaz Moscheles, Ignaz Franz Mosel, Mozart's son Franz Xaver Wolfgang Mozart, Ignaz von Seyfried, Wenzel J Tomaschek, and Henri Vieuxtemps. He was closest to fellow clarinettist Count Ferdinando Troyer, the dedicatee of Franz Schubert's Octet in F major, D. 803. Another of his friends was Johann Vesque von Püttlingen, with whom he had composition lessons. Both came from Brussels, where their fathers had been government officials in the government of the Austrian Netherlands and were displaced by the French Revolution in 1795.  He maintained a lively exchange of letters with Mendelssohn, Henri Vieuxtemps, the Swiss composer Franz Xaver Schnyder von Wartensee and Franz Lachner.

Works.

His "oeuvre" runs to some 70 opus numbers.

Family.

In 1819 he married Magdalena Katharina Josephine, daughter of Franz Xaver von Carneri. They had no children. They adopted a son, Rudolf Oskar Freiherr von Gödel-Lannoy (1814-1883):

Baron Henri Eduard Joseph de Lannoy (3 December 1787 – 28 March 1853), was a Flemish composer, teacher, conductor, and writer on music who spent most of his life in Austria. His compositions bridge the classical and early romantic styles. His full name and title in German was 'Heinrich Eduard Josef, Freiherr von Lannoy'.


History.

Tacurong was originally a barangay of the Municipality of Buluan. On August 3, 1951, it was created into a municipality by Executive Order Number 462 signed by the President Elpidio Quirino. At that time Tacurong had an estimated area of 40,000 hectares and 14 barangays. In 1961, the southern portion of Tacurong was separated to form the municipality of Tantangan, and in 1973, Tacurong lost some of its eastern portions when the municipality of President Quirino was created.  Following the efforts of Angelo O. Montilla, the Congressman of the Legislative District of Sultan Kudarat, Tacurong was made the first component city in the Province of Sultan Kudarat in 2000 by virtue of House Bill No. 6497 and Republic Act 8805. This was confirmed by the “Tacurongnons” in a plebiscite held on September 18, 2000.

Security incidents.

Tacurong City has the most number of bombing incidents in Southern Philippines since 2000, as the city reportedly has the presence of different extortion and terrorist groups like Abu Sayaff, BIFF and NPA.  New Year's Eve Bombing December 31, 2017 11:05 PM, 2 casualties and 17 hurt during the Improvised Explosive Device blast in Villa Garde KTV Bar National Highway, Barangay Buenaflor.  April 3, 2017 bombing Eight persons, mostly workers of an electric cooperative, were injured after an improvised bomb went off along the national highway in Tacurong City on Monday morning (Apr. 3), Bangsamoro Islamic Freedom Fighters (BIFF) is the suspected group who is responsible on the terrorist attack.  Twin Bombing Seven people were hurt after two explosions rocked Tacurong City on April 17, 2017, the first explosion took place at 6:40 p.m. on the rooftop of Dragon Gas Station along National Highway in Barangay Isabela. Minutes later, or at 7:10 p.m., another explosion occurred, this time at the gas station's compound.  February 2, 2016 bombing Improvise explosive device (IED) rocked Tacurong City two hours after the convoy of vice presidential candidate Leni Robredo left the city on Tuesday afternoon. The bomb exploded around 2 p.m. near the national highway along Jose Abad Santos Street in Tacurong City. Three people were reportedly wounded. Yellow bus bombing attempt The powerful bomb fashioned from two 60 mm mortars as main charge and mobile phone as trigger mechanism was found at 10:50 a.m. April 2015 inside Yellow Bus Line unit with body number 9208 at a police checkpoint in Barangay Dos along the Tacurong-Isulan highway. The bus was heading toward Isulan from Tacurong City when subjected to inspection by police after Army and policemen received a report about the suspected bomb inside the bus.

Geography.

Tacurong is in South Central Mindanao and the only city in the province of Sultan Kudarat. It is from General Santos City, from Cotabato City and from Davao City. It is situated at the crossroads of Davao-GenSan-Cotabato highways.

Barangays.

The city is politically subdivided into twenty (20) barangays.

Economy.

Tacurong City is the commercial hub of the province of Sultan Kudarat, catering the needs of nearby municipalities and the province of Maguindanao.

Infrastructure.

Transportation.

The city has an integrated terminal which vans and buses currently assigned on designated place. Tacurong to the far side places in their curriculums and places.  Bus companies operating in Tacurong City:

Health care facilities.

Tacurong serves as the premier Health Care Center in the province of Sultan Kudarat and nearby provinces.  St. Louis Hospital is a modern tertiary hospital in the city, equipped with modern facilities such as 16-Slices CT Scan and the first and only Gamma Camera in Region 12.  Other notable facilities include:

Education.

Private schools.

Tertiary:  Secondary:  Elementary:  Primary:

Public schools.

Tertiary:  Secondary:  Primary:

', officially the'(; ; Maguindanaon: "Ingud nu Takurong") and referred to as Tacurong City, is a in the province of,. According to the, it has a population of people.


History.

The first church on this site was built in 1237 by the newly arrived Dominicans on a parcel of land allotted in 1225-1226 by the duke Leopold VI. The church was enlarged between 1240–1270 and a new choir was added in 1273. A series of fires caused the construction of a new Gothic church between 1283 and 1302. The nave was extended between 1458 and 1474. This church consisted of a nave with five cross vaults, and two aisles.  This church was heavily damaged during the first siege of Vienna by the Turkish army in 1529. The choir was demolished and the nave was partly taken down. The building became more and more dilapidated during the next period.  The new-found self-awareness of the Counter-Reformation didn’t allow any more such a sorry state for a church. In 1631 the Dominicans started to build a new oblong church with a dome, following the plan of Jacopo Tencala, architect of Prince Maximilian of Liechtenstein. The master builders were Jacopo Spacio, Cipriano Biasino and Antonio Canevale. They introduced to Vienna the Baroque style of Italy. The first stone was laid by emperor Ferdinand II on 29 May 1631. The structural work was finished in 1634. The church was consecrated on 1 October 1634. The finishing touch was finally given in 1674. The church was elevated to the status of basilica minor in 1927 under the name “Rosary Basilica ad S. Mariam Rotundam”.

Facade.

The impressive facade was built in the Roman-Lombardic style with dominant columns, supporting the cornice. Its architecture goes back to early Baroque churches in Rome, that in turn, rely on the facade of the Dominican church Santa Maria Novella in Florence. Above the portal one can see the statues of St. Catherine of Siena and Agnes of Montepulciano, kneeling at the feet of Our Lady, patron saint of this church. On both sides of the portal there are niches with (on the left) the statue of Ludwig Bertrand and (on the right) Saint Rose of Lima. On top of the facade is a large rectangular gable with a dormer window, crowned by a pediment.

Interior.

The church consists of a long central nave, flanked by three side chapels on each side, a transept, a choir and an apse. The nave is approximately 25 m long, 14 m wide, and 22.10 m high. The large dome reaches a height of 23.80 m. Above each side chapel is gallery with a shallow balcony.

Frescoes.

The ornate interior is imposing by its architecture and the exquisite stucco in the decorations. Semi-circular windows allow a soft light on the frescoes of the barrel-vaulted ceiling. The ceiling frescoes are the work of Matthias Rauchmiller (1675), showing in their color and composition the influence of Peter Paul Rubens. They depict in 46 scenes the life of Our Lady. The influential painter Carpoforo Tencalla decorated at the same time the apse around the main altar with two historic paintings of Christian victories, ascribed to power of the Rosary : the Battle of Muret (1213) and the Battle of Lepanto (1571). Tencala also added some paintings on the walls of the side chapels. The fresco in the dome replaced an earlier work by Nikolaus van Hoy (1674) when the new dome was built in 1820. The fresco dates from 1836 and is by Franz Geyling. It shows "Our Lady and Child" under the golden light of the Trinity, surrounded by kneeling Angels. The medallions in the four supporting columns are by an unknown artist, depicting three popes from the Dominican Order (Innocent V, Benedict XI and Pius V) and St. Antony of Florence. The large statues in these columns show us the four original Doctors of the Church (Jerome, Gregory the Great, Augustine and Ambrose), all sculpted by a local artist.

Main altar.

The apse is dominated by the imposing red-marbled wooden retable in Baroque style from 1839-1840 by Carl Roesner, replacing the dilapidated old altarpiece. It surrounds the large canvas (720 cm x 430 cm) by Leopold Kuppelwieser (1840), flanked by red Corinthian columns. It depicts the establishment by Pope Pius V of the "Feast of the Rosary". The tabernacle dates from 1885 and is made of gilded brass.

Pulpit.

The gilded pulpit dates from 1700 and was made by Matthias Steinl. It was modeled on an engraving by Jean le Pautre (1618–1682), that now can be seen at the Martin von Wagner Museum in Würzburg, Germany. The antependium shows a blue globe surrounded by a rosary and below, in the medaillon, the motto "toto diffunditur orbe" (spread all over the world). On the canopy of the pulpit the Holy Spirit, represented in the form of a dove, is surrounded by a halo of light and angels in elegant poses.

Side chapels.

Each of the six chapels is dedicated to a saint, portrayed in the painting above the altar. The altars are the rather unpretentious work of workshops. The figures are of diverse quality.

The organ.

The main body of the organ was made in two parts at about 1750 according to the traditions of the Vienna organ builders of that time. The gilded concave-convex balustrade of the rood loft is a typical example of the transition between Baroque and Rococo. The organ with 34 registers dates from 1895–1896 and was renovated in 1991. The painting under the rood loft is by an anonymous master from 1642 and depicts the glorification of the rosary and the mediation via Saint Dominic.

The Dominican Church (), also known as the Church of St. Maria Rotunda, is an early Baroque parish church and minor basilica in the historic center of Vienna, Austria. It is the third church built on the same site in the course of time.


Ego states.

The concept of segmentation of personality has been around for many years, and that of ego states was highlighted by the psychoanalyst Paul Federn. The creation of ego-state therapy is attributed to John G. Watkins, an analysand of Edoardo Weiss who was himself analysed by Federn.  Distinct ego states—in the most rigorous sense—do not normally develop except in cases of dissociative identity disorder. However, ego state therapy identifies and names facets of a patient's personality, e.g., the "frightened child" or "control freak". After the characteristics and function of each ego state are identified, the therapist uses various psychotherapeutic techniques (e.g. behavioral, cognitive, analytic, or humanistic therapies) to achieve a kind of integration or internal diplomacy. Ego state therapy may use hypnosis, but is not necessarily required to do so, employing conversational technique instead. Ego state therapy has sometimes been able to resolve complex psychodynamic problems relatively quickly.

Psychological process.

In the development of the human personality, there are two processes that are essential: integration and differentiation. Through integration a person learns to put concepts together, like a shirt and a pair of trousers, to build more complex units known as clothes. By differentiation the person separates general concepts into specific meaning, such as the differences between a comfortable shirt and an uncomfortable shirt. Such differentiation allows humans to experience one set of behaviours in a different situation to another.  Psychological processes do not exist on an either/or basis. Things such as moods and emotions like depression, anxiety, and fear exist on a continuum with differing degrees of intensity. It is the same with differentiation-dissociation. Disorders such as multiple personality disorder are often in the extreme end of the continuum that begins with normal differentiation. It is a matter of intensity. Therefore, the general principle of personality formation in which the process of separation has resulted in discrete segments, called ego states, with boundaries that are more or less permeable. Where however an ego state is a response to psychological trauma, it may remain completely walled-off from the rest of the personality.  Ego states exist as a collection of perceptions, cognitions and affects in organised clusters. An ego state may be defined as an organized system of behavior and experience, whose elements are bound together by common principle. When one of these states is invested with ego energy, it becomes "the self" in the here and now. This state is executive, and experiences the other states which are then invested with object energy.  Ego states vary in their volume. A large ego state may include all the various behaviors activated in one's occupation. A small ego state are the behaviours one experiences in a simple action, such as using a mobile phone. They may represent current modes of behavior and experiences or, as with hypnotic age regression, include many memories, postures, feelings, etc. that were apparently learned at an earlier age. They may be organised into different dimensions. For example, an ego state may be built around the age of 10. Another one may represent patterns of behavior toward a father or authority figures and thus overlap with experiences from the age of 10. Behaviors to accomplish a similar goal may be uniquely different from one ego state to another, especially in true multiple personalities.

Hypnosis.

Hypnosis is a process to assist focus and dissociation. Through hypnosis, the therapist can focus on a single ego state or segment of personality and dissociate other parts. Many practitioners today are hypnotically activating covert ego states and announcing that they have discovered another multiple personality. Although multiple personalities are usually studied through hypnosis, they should be diagnosed only when the ego states can become overt spontaneously and when the main personality is generally amnesic to what occurs when the alter is overt and executive. When a covert ego state can be induced to emerge only through hypnosis, we do not consider this as a true multiple personality, and it should not be diagnosed. Ego states are commonly found through student volunteers for hypnotic studies. Because hypnosis is a form of dissociation, it is not surprising to find that good hypnotic subjects often manifest covert ego states in their personalities without being mentally ill.

Ego-state therapy is a parts-based psychodynamic approach to treat various behavioural and cognitive problems within a person. It uses techniques that are common in group and family therapy, but with an individual patient, to resolve conflicts that manifest in a "family of self" within a single individual.


Biography.

Massmann was born in Berlin, Margraviate of Brandenburg, where he also studied. He served in the War of Liberation, was a member of the Jena "Burschenschaft", and was present at the Wartburg festival of 1817, where he participated in the book burning. In Berlin, he had been a friend and a pupil of Jahn. His radical ideas and "demagogue" sympathies brought him into difficulties with the authorities.  In 1826, he became the teacher in charge of gymnastics at the Royal Gymnastic Institute of Munich. Initially his duties included military cadets. Later his duties were extended to a public outdoor exercise facility () which was to serve all the schools in the city. Later he was also chosen professor of Old German Literature at the university.  In 1841, he went to Berlin to confer with Minister Eichhorn regarding the revival of physical training in Prussia. Eichhorn later spoke with Adolf Spiess, a citizen of Hesse who had been directing such programs in Burgdorf, Switzerland. In 1842, Massmann was chosen to implement the plans developed, a position which he resigned in 1851. During this time, he accepted the chair of Germanic philology at the city university.  He died in Muskau in Lusatia.

Works.

Massmann's writings include editions of "Deutsche Gedichte des 12 Jahrhunderts" (1837–42); Gottfried's "Tristan and Iseult" (1843); "Kaiserchronik" (1849–53); of the biblical translations of the Gothic bishop Ulfilas (1855–56) and of Tacitus's "Germania" (1847). He was also the author of "Geschichte des mittelalterlichen Schachspiels" (1839) and "Litteratur der Totentänze" (1840).

Hans Ferdinand Massmann (; 15 August 1797 – 3 August 1874) was a German philologist, known for his studies in Old German language and literature, and for his work introducing gymnastics into schools in Prussia.


Presentation.

A complete oculomotor nerve palsy will result in a characteristic "down and out" position in the affected eye. The eye will be displaced outward "exotropia" and displaced downward "hypotropia"; outward because the lateral rectus (innervated by the sixth cranial nerve) maintains muscle tone in comparison to the paralyzed medial rectus. The eye will be displaced downward, because the superior oblique (innervated by the fourth cranial or trochlear nerve), is unantagonized by the paralyzed superior rectus, inferior rectus and inferior oblique. The affected individual will also have a ptosis, or drooping of the eyelid, and mydriasis (pupil dilation).

Cause.

Oculomotor palsy can arise as a result of a number of different conditions. Non traumatic pupil-sparing oculomotor nerve palsies are often referred to as a'medical third' with those affecting the pupil being known as a'surgical third'.

Congenital oculomotor palsy.

The origins of the vast majority of congenital oculomotor palsies are unknown, or idiopathic to use the medical term. There is some evidence of a familial tendency to the condition, particularly to a partial palsy involving the superior division of the nerve with an autosomal recessive inheritance. The condition can also result from aplasia or hypoplasia of one or more of the muscles supplied by the oculomotor nerve. It can also occur as a consequence of severe birth trauma.

Acquired oculomotor palsy.

Ischemic stroke selectively affects somatic fibers over parasympathetic fibers, while traumatic stroke affects both types more equally. Ischemic stroke affects vasoneurium which starts to supply the nerve from outside to inside. As the somatic fibers are located inner part of the nerve, these fibres are affected more in the setting of ischemia. A similar mechanism is also accurate for diabetes. Therefore, while almost all forms ('medical third' and'surgical third') cause ptosis and impaired movement of the eye, pupillary abnormalities are more commonly associated with trauma and the'surgical third' than with ischemia, ie the'medical third'. To further clarify, classically a posterior communicating artery aneurysm will cause compression of the entire third nerve and so prevent ANY nerve signal conduction thus affecting the somatic system and also the autonomic. The compression of the external autonomic fibres renders the pupil non reactive and thus leads to the surgical third nerve palsy.  Oculomotor palsy can be of acute onset over hours with symptoms of headache when associated with diabetes mellitus. Diabetic neuropathy of the oculomotor nerve in a majority of cases does not affect the pupil. The sparing of the pupil is thought to be associated with the microfasciculation of the fibers which control the pupillomotor function located on the outmost aspect of the occulomotor nerve fibres; these fibres are spared because they are outermost and so less prone to ischaemic damage than the innermost fibres.

Mechanism.

The branched structure of the oculomotor nerve means that damage sustained at different points along its pathway, or damage caused in different ways (compression versus loss of blood supply vs neuropathy, for example), will result in different muscle groups or, indeed, different individual muscles being affected, thus producing different presentation patterns.  Compressive oculomotor nerve damage could result in compression of the parasympathetic fibers before any disruption of the motor fibers occurs, since the parasympathetic fibers run on the outside of the nerve. Therefore, one could have mydriasis (a "blown" pupil) as a result of parasympathetic fiber compression before lid ptosis and the "down and out" position are seen.

Oculomotor nerve palsy is an eye condition resulting from damage to the third cranial nerve or a branch thereof. As the name suggests, the oculomotor nerve supplies the majority of the muscles controlling eye movements. Thus, damage to this nerve will result in the affected individual being unable to move their eye normally. In addition, the nerve also supplies the upper eyelid muscle (levator palpebrae superioris) and It is accompanied by parasympathetic fibers innervating the muscles responsible for pupil constriction (sphincter pupillae). The limitations of eye movements resulting from the condition are generally so severe that the affected individual is unable to maintain normal alignment of their eyes when looking straight ahead, leading to strabismus and, as a consequence, double vision (diplopia).


History.

Flexicoil (though not known by this term) suspensions were fitted to locomotives in Spain, the Soviet Union and Africa as early as the 1930s. In Germany, Flexicoil suspensions were first used in the 1950s under high-speed electric locomotives, notably the DB Class 103.

BR#FlexicoilB.

Between 1969 and 1971, British Rail conducted tests of modified Flexicoil 2Axle bogie trucks under locomotive Doncaster#AL6 BR#Class86/E3173, so to prevent further track damage caused by the original Class86 bogie trucks; tests were successful and all BR#Class86 locomotives were refitted with the bogie truck modifications in stages through the 1970s and 1980s.

Technical details.

The springs in a flexicoil suspension are made of steel. Protruding from above and below, and into, each spring is a spherical rubber dome that can absorb some of the horizontal forces. These domes are connected firmly to either the vehicle body (above) or the bogie frame (below). Under this arrangement, each flexicoil spring is twisted and moved from its vertical axis when the vehicle is cornering. This helps the two bogies to align themselves equally underneath the vehicle body. The vertical forces are absorbed entirely by the steel springs.  As the springs have relatively soft characteristics, hydraulic vertical dampers must also be installed for vibration damping at higher speeds than, along with longitudinal dampers. Lateral damping is not normally required.  In railway passenger cars fitted with flexicoil suspension, the springs are the only mechanical connection between the bogie and the car body. In heavier types of flexicoil suspension rolling stock, a bogie pivot fitted with rubber-metal bearings is used to hold a cross anchor yoke, which transfers the forces to the bogie frame via two cross anchor link pins. Some, such as the Italian D.445 class, have additional traction rods.  Locomotive bogies are usually also provided with a, or with a different tension transmission.

External links.

"This article is based upon a translation of the as at August 2010. The original authors can be seen here."

Flexicoil suspension is a type of secondary suspension for railway vehicles, typically having steel coil springs between the bogie trucks and chassis|frame of a passenger coach, goods freight wagon, or locomotive. Suspension systems using steel springs are more common than those with air springs, as steel springs are less costly to make, relatively wear resistant, and require less maintenance.


Trophy.

The award winners each receive a trophy of a bronze sculpture depicting a Mohawk native playing lacrosse. It was designed and created by Frederick Kail with the assistance of Thomas Vennum, Jr., a renowned Native American lacrosse historian and author, who consulted with Kail to ensure the trophy's historical authenticity. The 12-inch figure is mounted upon a hexagon-shaped slab of black granite and polished Cocobolo wood. The hexagonal base symbolizes the Six Nations of the Iroquois Confederacy: the Mohawk, Cayuga, Oneida, Onondaga, Seneca, and Tuscarora tribes. With some minor decorative exceptions, the stick is a replica of a pre-1845 Cayuga stick belonging to the grandfather of Alexander T. General of the Six Nations Reserve in Ontario. This stick was an original predecessor of the modern-day lacrosse stick.

Nomination process.

Players are nominated for the award by coaches from all three NCAA divisions during the collegiate season. All Watch List nominees are then screened and selected by two Selection Committees. The Selection Committees are composed of collegiate coaches, one committee for the men and one committee for the women. At the conclusion of the season the selection committees meet to rank the top five male and female finalists. The finalists are then invited to the Awards Banquet, where the Tewaaraton Award winners are announced. In addition to recognizing the top men’s and women’s collegiate lacrosse players, the Tewaaraton Award also recognizes the High School All-Tewaaraton team for both boys and girls lacrosse. This is a regional team which is composed of the best players from both private and public schools in the Maryland, Washington, D.C., and Virginia area.

USILA versus Tewaaraton.

There is debate in the lacrosse community as to whether the Tewaaraton Award is actually an outstanding player award or whether it should be called a postseason award. The controversy stems from the fact that the awards is usually given to a player who plays well during the season-ending NCAA tournament and from a team which is the winner or runner up in the NCAA Tournament. The Lt. Raymond Enners Award is the USILA Outstanding Player of the Year Award selected by the NCAA coaches, and the Tewaaraton Award recipient has not been the same as the Raymond Enners Award recipient in 5 out of the first 11 years that the Tewaaraton was awarded. Since then, the two awards have agreed almost exactly; in each season but one from 2012 through 2019, both awards were won by the same individual. The only exception in this span was in 2014, when the Enners Award went to one of the two brothers who shared the Tewaaraton Award.

Tewaaraton Legend Award.

Since 2011, the Tewaaraton Legend Award has been presented to one recipient each year who played collegiately prior to 2001 when the first Tewaaraton Award was presented, whose performance during their college years would have earned them a Tewaaraton Award had the award existed when they played. In 2016, the foundation began presenting both a men's and women's Legend Award.

The Tewaaraton Award is an award given annually, since 2001, to the most outstanding American college lacrosse men's and women's lacrosse players. It is the lacrosse equivalent of football's Heisman Trophy. The award is presented by The Tewaaraton Foundation and the University Club of Washington, D.C..


History.

British foreign relations were largely inherited from the Kingdom of England's place in the world prior to the unification of Great Britain into a single United Kingdom. British foreign policy initially focused on achieving a balance of power within Europe, with no one country achieving dominance over the affairs of the continent. This was a major reason behind the British wars against Napoleon, and the UK's involvement in the First and Second World Wars.  The chief enemy of the British, from the Hundred Years' War until the defeat of Napoleon (1337-1815) was France, a larger country with a more powerful army. The British were generally successful in their many wars, with the notable exception of the American War of Independence (1775–1783), when Britain, without any major allies, was defeated by the colonials who had the support of France, the Netherlands and Spain. A favoured diplomatic strategy was subsidising the armies of continental allies, such as Prussia, thereby turning London's enormous financial power to military advantage. Britain relied heavily on its Royal Navy for security, seeking to keep it the most powerful fleet afloat with a full complement of bases across the globe. British dominance of the seas was vital to the formation of the British Empire, which was achieved through the maintenance of a Navy larger than the next two largest Navies combined for the majority of the 19th and early 20th centuries, prior to the entry of the United States into the Second World War.

1920s.

Britain was a "troubled giant" that was less of a dominant diplomatic force in the 1920s than before. It often had to give way to the United States, which frequently exercised its financial superiority. The main themes of British foreign policy include a role at the Paris Peace Conference of 1919, where Lloyd George worked hard to moderate French demands for revenge. He was partly successful, but Britain soon had to moderate French policy toward Germany, as in the Locarno Treaties. Britain was an active member of the new League of Nations, but its list of major achievements was slight.  Disarmament was high on the agenda, and Britain played a major role following the United States in the Washington Naval Conference of 1921 in working toward naval disarmament of the major powers. By 1933 disarmament had collapsed and the issue became rearming for a war against Germany. Britain was much less successful in negotiating with United States regarding the large loans. Britain was obliged to repay. Britain supported the American solution through the Dawes Plan and the Young Plan, whereby Germany paid its reparations using money borrowed from New York banks. The Great Depression starting in 1929 put enormous pressure on the British economy. Britain move toward imperial preference, which meant low tariffs among the Commonwealth of Nations, and higher barriers toward trade with outside countries. The flow of money from New York dried up, and the system of reparations and payment of debt died in 1931.  In domestic British politics, the emerging Labour Party had a distinctive and suspicious foreign policy based on pacifism. Its leaders believed that peace was impossible because of capitalism, secret diplomacy, and the trade in armaments. That is it stressed material factors that ignored the psychological memories of the Great War, and the highly emotional tensions regarding nationalism and the boundaries of the countries. Nevertheless, party leader Ramsay MacDonald spent much of his attention on European policies.

1930s.

Vivid memories of the horrors and deaths of the World War inclined many Britons—and their leaders in all parties—to pacifism in the interwar era. This led directly to the appeasement of dictators in order to avoid their threats of war.  The challenge came from dictators, first Benito Mussolini of Italy, then Adolf Hitler of a much more powerful Nazi Germany. The League of Nations proved disappointing to its supporters; it was unable to resolve any of the threats posed by the dictators. British policy was to "appease" them in the hopes they would be satiated. By 1938 it was clear that war was looming, and that Germany had the world's most powerful military. The final act of appeasement came when Britain and France sacrificed Czechoslovakia to Hitler's demands at the Munich Agreement of 1938. Instead of satiation Hitler menaced Poland, and at last Prime Minister Neville Chamberlain dropped appeasement and stood firm in promising to defend Poland. Hitler however cut a deal with Joseph Stalin to divide Eastern Europe; when Germany did invade Poland in September 1939, Britain and France declared war; the British Commonwealth followed London's lead.

Since 1945.

Economically in dire straits in 1945 (saddled with debt and facing up to widespread destruction of its infrastructure), Britain systematically reduced its overseas commitments. It pursued an alternate role as an active participant in the Cold War against communism, especially as a founding member of NATO.  The British had built up a very large worldwide Empire, which peaked in size in 1922, after more than half a century of unchallenged global supremacy. The cumulative costs of fighting two world wars, however, placed a heavy burden upon the UK economy, and after 1945 the British Empire gradually began to disintegrate, with many territories granted independence. By the mid-to-late 1950s, the UK's status as a superpower had been largely diminished by the rise of the United States and the Soviet Union. Many former colonial territories joined the "Commonwealth of Nations", an organisation of fully independent nations now with equal status to the UK. The last major colony, Hong Kong, was handed over to Chinese administration in 1997. Fourteen British Overseas Territories maintain a constitutional link to the UK, but are not part of the country per se.  Britain reduced its involvements in the Middle East, with the humiliating Suez Crisis of 1956 marking the end of its status as a superpower. However Britain did forge close military ties with the United States, France, and Germany, through the NATO military alliance. After years of debate (and rebuffs), Britain joined the Common Market in 1973; which is now the European Union. However it did not merge financially, and kept the pound separate from the Euro, which partly isolated it from the EU financial crisis of 2011. As of 23 June 2016, the UK has voted to leave the EU.  The UK is currently establishing air and naval facilities in the Persian Gulf, located in the United Arab Emirates and Bahrain. A presence in Oman is also being considered.

21st century.

Foreign policy initiatives of UK governments since the 1990s have included military intervention in conflicts and for peacekeeping, humanitarian assistance programmes and increased aid spending, support for establishment of the International Criminal Court, debt relief for developing countries, prioritisation of initiatives to address climate change, and promotion of free trade. The British approach has been described as "spread the right norms and sustain NATO".  Lunn et al. (2008) argue:  In 2013, the government of David Cameron described its approach to foreign policy by saying:  The Strategic Defence and Security Review 2015 highlighted a range of foreign policy initiatives of the UK government. Edward Longinotti notes how current British defence policy is grappling with how to accommodate two major commitments, to Europe and to an ‘east of Suez’ global military strategy, within a modest defence budget that can only fund one. He points out that Britain's December 2014 agreement to open a permanent naval base in Bahrain underlines its gradual re-commitment east of Suez.  At the end of January 2020, the United Kingdom left the European Union.

Commonwealth of Nations.

The UK has varied relationships with the countries that make up the Commonwealth of Nations which originated from the British Empire. Elizabeth II of the United Kingdom is Head of the Commonwealth and is Queen of 16 of its 53 member states. Those that retain the Queen as head of state are called Commonwealth realms. Over time several countries have been suspended from the Commonwealth for various reasons. Zimbabwe was suspended because of the authoritarian rule of its President and so too was Pakistan, but it has since returned. Countries which become republics are still eligible for membership of the Commonwealth so long as they are deemed democratic. Commonwealth nations such as Malaysia enjoyed no export duties in trade with the UK before the UK concentrated its economic relationship with EU member states.  The UK was once a dominant colonial power in many countries on the continent of Africa and its multinationals remain large investors in sub-Saharan Africa. Nowadays the UK, as a leading member of the Commonwealth of Nations, seeks to influence Africa through its foreign policies. Current UK disputes are with Zimbabwe over human rights violations. Tony Blair set up the Africa Commission and urged rich countries to cease demanding developing countries repay their large debts. Relationships with developed (often former dominion) nations are strong with numerous cultural, social and political links, mass inter-migration trade links as well as calls for Commonwealth free trade.  From 2016–2018, the Windrush scandal occurred, where the UK deported a number British Citizens with Commonwealth heritage back to their Commonwealth country on claims they were "illegal immigrants".

Europe.

The UK maintained good relations with Western Europe since 1945, and Eastern Europe since end of the Cold War in 1989. After years of dispute with France it joined the European Economic Community in 1973, which eventually evolved into the European Union through the Maastricht Treaty twenty years later. Although the UK does not use the Euro and is not a member of the Eurozone, it still plays a leading role in the day-to-day workings of the EU. However the United Kingdom has been referred to as a "peculiar" member of the EU, due to its occasional disputes relations with the organisation and differences through geography, history and opt-outs and polls have found that, of the 28 nationalities in the European Union, British people feel the least European. On 23 June 2016, the United Kingdom voted to leave the European Union and left on 31 January 2020.

International Organizations.

The United Kingdom is a member of the following international organisations:  ADB (nonregional member), AfDB (nonregional member), Arctic Council (observer), Australia Group, BIS, Commonwealth of Nations, CBSS (observer), CDB, Council of Europe, CERN, EAPC, EBRD, EIB, ESA, FAO, FATF, G-20, G-5, G7, G8, G-10, IADB, IAEA, IBRD (also known as the World Bank), ICAO, ICC, ICCt, ICRM, IDA, IEA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, IHO, ILO, IMF, IMO, IMSO, Interpol, IOC, IOM, IPU, ISO, ITSO, ITU, ITUC, MIGA, MONUSCO, NATO, NEA, NSG, OAS (observer), OECD, OPCW, OSCE, Paris Club, PCA, PIF (partner), SECI (observer), UN, United Nations Security Council, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNFICYP, UNHCR, UNIDO, UNMIS, UNRWA, UPU, WCO, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO, Zangger Committee

The diplomatic foreign relations of the United Kingdom are conducted by the Foreign and Commonwealth Office, headed by the Secretary of State for Foreign and Commonwealth Affairs. The Prime Minister and numerous other agencies play a role in setting policy, and many institutions and businesses have a voice and a role.


History.

Jerry Lapin, Al Lapin, and Albert Kallis founded International House of Pancakes in 1958 with the help of Sherwood Rosenberg and William Kaye. The first restaurant opened in Toluca Lake, Los Angeles, California.  The initial design for IHOP building was a steep-roofed A-frame building with a distinctive blue roof, the last such location to be built was completed in 1979. While most IHOP locations no longer use the A-frame buildings, several still exist around the U.S.  In 1973, the chain's name was shortened to "IHOP" for marketing purposes, using a cartoon kangaroo in its commercials at the time, and since then the full name and acronym have been officially interchangeable.  The breakfast food menu later expanded (especially in the 1980s) to include standard lunch and dinner items found in similar restaurant chains such as Sambo's and Denny's. In 1976, at the same time as reorganization International Industries became IHOP. In December 2019, IHOP announced plans to launch a chain of fast casual breakfast restaurants called Flip'd.

Acquisition of Applebee's.

On July 16, 2007, IHOP Corporation announced a plan to acquire the bar-and-grill chain Applebee's in an all-cash transaction, valued at approximately US$2.1 billion. In the arrangement, Applebee's stock holders will receive $25.50 a share. IHOP stated it would franchise most of Applebee's 500 company-owned facilities. Applebee's had 1,943 restaurants worldwide at the time, including those operated by franchisees.  Applebee's shareholders approved the acquisition with a 70% vote, which closed on November 29, 2007. A number of executives from Applebee's voted against the offer. The chain's largest individual shareholder, Applebee's director Burton "Skip" Sack, called the IHOP offer unfair to its shareholders and stated he planned to take IHOP to court to demand a higher price be paid to him. As part of the purchase, a brand remarketing scheme and revitalization of the Applebee's image was intended. The buyout successfully closed on November 29, 2007, and the corporate entity IHOP changed its name to DineEquity on June 2, 2008. A franchisee opened a hybrid Applebee's/IHOP restaurant in downtown Detroit in mid-2018.

Menu.

While IHOP's focus is on breakfast, serving pancakes, waffles, French toast, and omelettes, it also offers a menu of lunch and dinner items such as sandwiches, burgers, and salads.

Locations.

The company has 1,841 locations in the Americas and the Middle East.  Franchising agreements with M.H. Alshaya, an international restaurant-franchising firm, resulted in an agreement for Alshaya to open as many as forty IHOP locations in the Middle East, beginning in 2012. By the end of 2018, IHOP restaurants operated in six Middle Eastern countries: Kuwait, Qatar, Bahrain, the United Arab Emirates, the kingdom of Saudi Arabia and Lebanon. In 2019, IHOP began its foray into South America, opening 3 locations in Ecuador.  IHOP Express' first location opened in 2011, they are a quick service version of the chain offered at locations such as airports,<ref name"D/FW"></ref> school campuses, military food courts and travel centers. The first standalone public location of the concept opened in downtown San Diego in 2011.  In 2019, IHOP announced plans to open a fast-casual restaurant, Flip'd by IHOP. Flip'd will include a menu serving pancake bowls, burgers, and fried chicken.

Marketing.

In June 2015, IHOP introduced an updated logo, removing its decorative elements and adding a curved line under the "O" and "P" letters to resemble a smiley face. The company argued that the previous logo looked too much like a frown.  In June 2018, an IHOP marketing campaign announced they would "flip" their name to "IHOb"; it was ultimately revealed to be a marketing campaign for its hamburgers, in an effort to address perceptions that IHOP was still primarily oriented towards breakfast food. The tease of the campaign led to speculation via social media regarding the intent of the change. IHOP parodied the campaign the following year to promote a new hamburger that includes a pancake as an ingredient, jokingly stating that they would refer to their burgers as "pancakes" because people wanted IHOP to "stick to pancakes".

Lawsuit.

In early September 2010, IHOP filed a lawsuit in U.S. District Court in Los Angeles against International House of Prayer and six other defendants alleging trademark dilution and infringement. The lawsuit was dropped on December 21, 2010, with the dispute resolved out of court.

IHOP ( ; acronym for International House of Pancakes) is an American multinational pancake house restaurant chain that specializes in breakfast foods. It is owned by Dine Brands Global—a company formed after IHOP's purchase of Applebee's, with 99% of the restaurants run by independent franchisees.


Early life.

Hersch was born in Cincinnati, Ohio, of Jewish parents. He began playing the piano at the age of four (under the tutelage of Jeanne Kirstein) and started composing music by eight. He won national piano competitions starting at the age of ten.  Hersch first became interested in jazz while at Grinnell College in Iowa. He dropped out of school and started playing jazz in Cincinnati. He continued his studies at the New England Conservatory, attracting attention from the press – "a fine showcase for Fred Hersch" – in a college recital. On graduation, he became a jazz piano instructor at the college.

Career.

One of Fred Hersch's earliest professional engagements was with Art Farmer in Los Angeles in 1978. Jazz critic Leonard Feather wrote that he "showed his ability as an accompanist and soloist at the out-of-tune piano". He played with Farmer again in 1981. In 1982, the album "A Work of Art" (Art Farmer Quartet, Concord Jazz CJ-179), was released, with Hersch on piano. It included two original compositions by Hersch. Leonard Feather gave it 31⁄2 stars.  In 1980, the Fred Hersch Trio played at B. Dalton Bookseller, one of many fringe events that were an offshoot of the Newport Jazz Festival.  In 1981, he and his trio played for singer Chris Connor, who was making a comeback after completing a recovery program for alcoholism.  He played at the Kool Jazz Festival in 1981, and with Joe Henderson in the New Jazz at the Public series in the same year.  In 1983, Hersch played a duo session with bassist Ratzo Harris at the Knickerbocker Saloon, New York. "The New York Times" wrote, "Mr. Hersch is a romantic. He is openly involved in what he is playing and projects this involvement with body English and facial expressions that subtly underline the sense of his music. His lines often become gently billowing waves of sound, and he rises and falls, tenses and relaxes along with them."  In 1983–84, Hersch played many sessions with Jane Ira Bloom in several venues, and with whom he recorded the album, "Mighty Lights".  In 1985, he played with the Jamie Baum Quartet.  In 1986, he played with Toots Thielemans at the Great Woods jazz festival. He played with him in several sessions the following year, and again in 1987, receiving special attention for his solos. In 1986, he taught at Berklee College of Music.  He was the pianist for the Eddie Daniels quartet in 1987 and appeared on his album, "To Bird with Love".  In 1988, Hersch played in Somerville, Massachusetts with his quintet at the Willow Jazz Club. The Boston Globe described him as "an elegant, highly melodic player."  In 1989, Hersch played with Janis Siegel of The Manhattan Transfer and they recorded together in a studio set up in his home. His first solo piano recording came in 1993: "Fred Hersch at Maybeck".  In 2006, Palmetto Records released the solo CD "Fred Hersch in Amsterdam: Live at the Bimhuis", and released his eighth solo disc, "Fred Hersch Plays Jobim", in 2009.

Composing.

Hersch's career as a performer has been enhanced by his composing activities, which are an important part of nearly all of his concerts and recordings. He has received commissions from the Gilmore Keyboard Festival, the Doris Duke Foundation, the Miller Theatre at Columbia University, the Gramercy Trio and the Brooklyn Youth Chorus. A disc of his through-composed works, "Fred Hersch: Concert Music 2001-2006", was released by Naxos Records.  A number of Hersch's compositions have been transcribed by music publisher Edition Peters. These include "Valentine", "Three Character Studies", "Saloon Songs", and "24 Variations on a Bach Chorale".  Hersch was awarded a 2003 Guggenheim Memorial Fellowship for composition. In the same year, he created "Leaves of Grass" (Palmetto Records), a large-scale setting of Walt Whitman's poetry for two voices (Kurt Elling and Kate McGarry) and an instrumental octet; the work was presented in March 2005 at Zankel Hall at Carnegie Hall as part of a six-city U.S. tour.

Accompanist.

Hersch has collaborated with a variety of instrumentalists and vocalists in the worlds of jazz (Joe Henderson, Charlie Haden, Art Farmer, Stan Getz and Bill Frisell); classical (Renée Fleming, Dawn Upshaw, Joshua Bell, Christopher O'Riley, Nadja Salerno-Sonnenberg); and Broadway (Audra McDonald). Hersch has accompanied jazz vocalists such as Nancy King, Norma Winstone and Kurt Elling.  Hersch has taught at The New School and Manhattan School of Music, and conducted a Professional Training Workshop for Young Musicians at The Weill Institute at Carnegie Hall in 2008.

Awards and honors.

Grammy Award nominations.

Art Farmer's "A Work of Art" in 1983 and two of Eddie Daniels' albums with Hersch in 1986 and 1987 preceded "Short Stories", a collaboration between Janis Siegel and Hersch, co-led and co-produced with arrangements by Hersch, that got a nomination for her vocal performance in 1989. In 1992 finally "Dancing in the Dark", his seventh trio recording and second for Chesky Records, was nominated for Best Jazz Instrumental Performance.

Critical response.

"Downbeat" magazine described Hersch as "one of the small handful of brilliant musicians of his generation." "The New York Times" described him as "singular among the trailblazers of their art, a largely unsung innovator of this borderless, individualistic jazz – a jazz for the 21st century."

Influence.

Hersch's influence has been widely felt on a new generation of jazz pianists, from former Hersch students including Brad Mehldau and Ethan Iverson of the Bad Plus, to his contemporary Jason Moran, who said: "Fred at the piano is like LeBron James on the basketball court. He's perfection."

Personal life.

Illness and recovery.

In 1993 Hersch announced publicly that he was gay and that he had been treated for HIV since 1984. He fell into a coma in 2008 for two months. When he regained consciousness, he had lost all muscular function as a result of his long inactivity and could not play the piano. After rehabilitation, he was able to play again. In 2011 he performed "My Coma Dreams", a stage show written and directed by Herschel Garfein about the contrast between dreams and reality.

Charity work.

Hersch has been a spokesman and fund-raiser for AIDS services and education agencies since 1993. Hersch has produced and performed on four benefit recordings and in numerous concerts for charities including Classical Action: Performing Arts Against AIDS and Broadway Cares/Equity Fights AIDS which had raised over $250,000 as of June, 2013. In April, 2016 he played a benefit concert for Buddhist Global Relief. He has also been the keynote speaker and performer at international medical conferences in the U.S. and Europe.

Discography.

As leader/co-leader.

"("Year" indicates year of release, artists and labels are only linked once at first appearance. Line-up can be sorted by "solo", "duo", "trio"... All trios are classic piano trios with (grand) piano, upright bass and drum kit, except for the trio Thirteen Ways with saxophonist Michael Moore.)"

Fred Hersch (born October 21, 1955) is an American jazz pianist and educator. He has performed solo and led his own groups, including the Pocket Orchestra consisting of piano, trumpet, voice, and percussion. He was the first person to play weeklong engagements as a solo pianist at the Village Vanguard in New York City. He has recorded more than 70 of his jazz compositions. Hersch has been nominated for several Grammy Awards, and, as of December 2014, had been on the Jazz Studies faculty of the New England Conservatory since 1980 (with breaks).


Biography.

From 1974-1979, Segbers studied history, Slavic languages, political science, and philosophy at Ruhr University Bochum and University of Konstanz, completing his studies with both a master's degree and Staatsexamen (government-recognized exam for future teachers). In 1984, he obtained his PhD (Dr. phil.) from Bremen University with a study on the USSR during the Second World War. Segbers worked as research fellow at a project on Soviet reform politics at the University of Bremen and later as research fellow at JWG University in Frankfurt am Main. From 1990-1995, he joined Germany ́s leading think tank on politics, the German Institute for International and Security Affairs (SWP) at Ebenhausen and in 1992 qualified as professor with a book on systemic change in the Soviet Union. After working as professor for International Relations at the University of Konstanz in 1995, Segbers became professor for Political Science and East European Politics at the Institute for East European Studies and the Otto-Suhr-Institut at Freie Universität Berlin. He has conducted several research projects – among others one on Post-Soviet Puzzles (on spaces, territories, elites and interests in the FSU; published 1994/95) and one on Explaining Post-Soviet Patchworks (1998–2000) – and has implemented as well as supervised different study projects which since 2007 are integrated in the Center for Global Politics. Segbers is a member of several scientific boards of organizations of international repute including the German Council on Foreign Relations (DGAP) the Gulf Research Center, and the Institute for European Politics. As visiting scholar he has worked, amongst others, at Stanford University, George Washington University, Harvard University, Columbia University and Fudan University. He is also a member of the Governing Board of the European Humanities University.

Fields of activity.

As both Chair for Political Science at the Institute for East European Studies at Freie Universität Berlin and Professor for International Relations, Segbers’ research interests cover a broad range of topics. He directed research projects on the political and societal transformations in East Europe and in the Former Soviet Union (“Post-Soviet Puzzles”; “Explaining Post Soviet Patchworks”) and headed a research project “Global City Regions” (2002–2004) exploring the role of city regions as sub-state political entities within the context of contemporary globalization processes.  According to Segbers, globalization and global flows of capital, trades and services, information and people are dramatically altering the nature of politics and the opportunities for nation-states to control or influence events. “Politics can no more be masterminded, engineered, implemented, executed, organized and controlled. Politics, rather, is happening, as the result of thousands of moves by a multitude of actors on different levels of action.” Segbers suggests that politicians should reduce expectations and not try to function as engineers but as moderators, or as navigators. Another proposal is to shift decision-making processes from the nation-state to the local and suprantional level.  Presently, Segbers is engaged in advancing blended learning study courses as well as in fostering international academic cooperation. He is founder and director of the Center for Global Politics which unites four graduate study programs: the M.A. programs East European Studies Online (EES Online) and International Relations Online (IR Online), the Global Politics Seasonal Schools, and German Studies Russia, in cooperation with the Moscow Institute for International Relations, Moscow.

Klaus Segbers (born 1954 in Dortmund, Germany) is a German political scientist and professor for International Relations and East European Studies at Freie Universität Berlin. He is also the founder and director of the Center for Global Politics at Freie Universität Berlin, which offers four distinct graduate study programs designed for professionals and young leaders. His research interests include theories of International Relations, transformations in the former Soviet Union, international political economy, and globalization.


Plot.

While serving in Vietnam, American soldier Nick Parker was blinded by a mortar explosion. Rescued by local villagers, he recovered his health and, though he remains blind, was trained to master his other senses and be an expert swordsman.  20 Years later, having returned to the United States, he visits old army buddy Frank Deveraux, only to find that Deveraux is missing. Parker meets Frank's son Billy and his mother Lynn, Frank's ex-wife. Minutes later, Frank's evil boss, Claude MacCready's henchman Slag arrives with two corrupt police officers to kidnap Billy to use as leverage over Frank. Nick stops them; the officers are killed, Billy is knocked unconscious, but Slag mortally wounds Billy's mom before he escapes. With her last words, Lynn tells Nick to take Billy to his father in Reno, Nevada.  At a rest stop on the way to Reno, Parker tells Billy about his mother's death. Billy runs away from Nick and is grabbed by Slag and some henchmen. Slag escapes as Nick rescues Billy a second time, and Billy and Nick (now called Uncle Nick) become fond of one another.  They reach Reno and find Frank's girlfriend Annie, who agrees to take them to Frank. After escaping yet another attempted kidnapping by MacCready's men, Annie suggests they hide out at the home of her friend Colleen. Annie takes Nick to MacCready's casino, where Frank is making MacCready's drugs. Annie returns to Colleen's to watch over Billy while Nick saves Frank. Nick and Frank are reunited; Frank takes the key ingredient in MacCready's drugs and destroys the lab. Avoiding casino security, Nick and Frank escape and head to Colleen's to reunite Billy with his dad; they find Colleen dead, Billy and Annie kidnapped, and a note instructing them to bring the drugs to MacCready's mountain penthouse in exchange for Billy and Annie.  Knowing it is an ambush, Nick and Frank arm themselves with homemade napalm bombs. After killing all of MacCready's men, they find MacCready holding Billy and Annie at gunpoint. MacCready hired a Japanese assassin to kill Nick, but after an epic swordfight between the two, Nick wins by electrocuting the assassin in a hot tub. Slag shoots Nick in the shoulder and Nick throws his sword at Slag, impaling him. MacCready then tries to interfere only to be stopped by Frank. Billy escapes his rope and throws Nick's sword to him, but it lands in the hot tub. As Slag reaches for his gun, Nick grabs hold of the assassin's sword and slashes him, cutting him in half and causing him to fall out of a window.  Frank is reunited with Billy and Annie, and they leave for San Francisco. Nick drops his ticket, choosing not to go; Billy follows Nick, telling him that he needs him. Nick says that while he is fond of Billy, he should go back to his father. Nick crosses the street and vanish as a bus pass him. Saddened by Nick's departure, Billy throws a toy dinosaur off the bridge where Nick catch it. Billy calls out to Nick one last time and tells him that he'll miss him. As Frank catch up to Billy, they embrace. Nick smiles or sheds a tear, puts on his sunglasses, while holding Billy's toy dinosaur with left arm in a sling, and walks off into the distance.

Production.

"Blind Fury" marked the producing debut of actor Tim Matheson. Matheson produced the film having been a fan of the Zatoichi film series. Matheson and co-producer Daniel Grodnik, spent seven years trying to find a distributor for the film. In 1986, the producers landed a deal with film distributor Tri-Star Pictures. According to Grodnik, various writers and directors were attached to the project before Phillip Noyce was hired as the film's director.  Hauer calls "Blind Fury" one of his "most difficult jobs" because of the combination of swordplay with playing a blind man; and Hauer spent a month training with Lynn Manning whose first words to him were "I don't get confused about what I see...".  Filming took place around the Midwestern United States, where the cast and crew underwent humid weather conditions. Of the intense weather conditions, Matheson stated, "We shot in the Midwest and West, and it was incredibly hot. Everything was burning up. We ended up buying a three-foot pool for the cast and crew to wade through to cope with the heat." After principal photography was completed, a sequel to the film was planned, but never materialized.

Release.

Reception.

On their syndicated television program "Siskel and Ebert and the Movies", film critics Roger Ebert and Gene Siskel gave the film "Two thumbs up".  Reviewer Ian Jane of "DVD Talk" wrote, "Hauer does a commendable job in the lead and is reasonably convincing as a blind man. Like its Japanese predecessors, there is some humor interjected into the storyline that is handled well without becoming overbearing or taking over the action sequences."  On Rotten Tomatoes "Blind Fury" holds an approval rating of 54% based on 13 reviews, with a rating average of 4.5 out of 10.

Censorship.

The UK version was trimmed when it was released on VHS. The dialogue "Gasoline mixed with detergent..." was taken out due to the BBFC's worries of imitations from audiences.

Blind Fury is a 1989 American action film directed by Philip Noyce and starring Rutger Hauer, Brandon Call, Terry O'Quinn, Lisa Blount, Randall "Tex" Cobb, and Noble Willingham. The screenplay by Charles Robert Carner is a loosely based, modernized remake of "Zatoichi Challenged", the 17th film in the Japanese "Zatoichi" film series. To date, it is the sole feature film produced by Tim Matheson.


In animals.

Invertebrates.

Insects.

Communication is very important for animals all throughout the animal kingdom, even those with fairly simple nervous systems and body plans. For example, since female praying mantids are sexually cannibalistic, the male will typically avail of a concealment form of display behaviour. This is a series of creeping movements executed by the male as it approaches the female with freezing of the body whenever the female looks towards the male. However, according to laboratory studies conducted by Loxton in 1979, one type of praying mantis, "Ephestiasula arnoena", shows both male and female counterparts performing overt and ritualized behaviour before mating. Both displayed a semaphore behaviour, meaning both displayed their front legs in a boxing fashion before the slow approach of the male from behind. This semaphore display in "E. arnoenais"key in communicating between both mantids that both are ready for copulation and, by extension, the continuance of their genetic line.  Along with the display behaviour shown by the praying mantid, flies belonging to the genus "Megaselia" also show such behaviour. Contrary to the typically female-selected mating that occurs for most organisms, these flies have females that show the display behaviour and males that choose the mate. Females have a bright orange colouring that attracts the male and also perform a series of fluttering wing movements that make the insect appear to "dance" and make the openings on their abdomens to swell in order to attract a male. It is also interesting to note that there is experimental evidence that implies the female may also release pheromones that attract the male; this is an instance of chemical display behaviour that plays a large role in animal communication.  This auditory courtship behavior is also seen in fruit flies like "A. suspensa" when they perform calling and pre-copulatory songs before mating. Both of these sounds are created by rapid flapping of the males wings.

Arachnids.

Many arachnids show ritualized displays. For example, the family Salticidae consists of jumping spiders with keen vision which results in very clear display behaviours for courting in particular. Salticids are very similar in appearance to ants that live in the same area and therefore use their appearance to avoid predators. Since this similarity in appearance is so obvious, salticid spiders can use display behaviours to communicate both with members of their own species and also with members of the ants that they mimic.

Vertebrates.

Birds.

Birds also very commonly use display behaviours for courtship and communication. Manakin birds (in the family Pipridae) in the Amazon undergo large demonstrations of display behaviour in order to court females in the population. Since males provide no other immediate benefit to females, they must undergo ritualized behaviours in order to show their fitness to possible mates; the female then uses the information she gathers from this interaction to make a decision on who she will mate with. This display behaviour consists of various flight patterns, wing and colour displays, and particular vocalizations. As a result of this performance, the males will be chosen by the female and reproduction will commence.

Mammals.

Along with invertebrates and birds, vertebrates like the harbour seal also show display behaviour. Since the harbour seal resides in an aquatic environment, the display behaviours expressed are slightly different from those seen in terrestrial mammal species. Male harbour seals show specific vocalization and diving behaviours while demonstrating such behaviours for possible mates. As seals are distributed over such a large area, these display behaviours can slightly change geographically as males try to appeal to the largest number of females possible over a large geographical range. Dive displays, head flicks, and various vocalizations all work together in a display behaviour that signifies to the females in a colony that the males are ready to mate.

Factors influencing display behaviour in animals.

Display behaviour is a set of very conspicuous behaviours that allows for the attraction of mates but also can result in the attraction of predators. As a result, animals have certain environmental and social cues that they can use to decide when is the most beneficial time to show such behaviours; they use these triggers to minimize cost (predator avoidance) and maximize gain (mate attraction). The first factor is temporal. Depending on the time of the season, animals (more specifically, tropical frogs, in this study) show strong seasonal trends in display behaviour favouring times closer to the beginning of the mating season. This is plausible as this allows the most time for the attraction of a mate and the decline in calling to the end of the season is also valid because most organisms will have a mate by then and not have any need to continue such display behaviour. Depending upon the species and evolutionary histories, environmental factors such as temperature, elevation, and precipitation can affect the presence of these behaviours. Along with environmental cues, social cues can also play a role in the demonstration of display behaviour. For example, aggressive display behaviour in the crayfish "Orconectes virilistends" to be triggered by impositions of other crayfish on previously established territory. Such displays consist of a preliminary raising of claws between 4 and 5 times and if this is not sufficient to warn the other to not encroach on the territory then tactile engagement will occur. In this case, display behaviour is a preliminary step to the engagement of aggressive tactile behaviour whereas many cases of display behaviour result in the engagement of mating rituals.

Among humans.

Humans typically advertise their suitability as mates in acquiring wealth or fame. The Papuan "big men" would stage elaborate feasts to show the extent of their influence and power. The potlatches of the Pacific Northwest were held for much of the same effect.

Tournament species.

Tournament species in zoology are those species in which members of one sex (usually males) compete in order to mate. In tournament species, the reproductive success of the small group of competition winners is predominantly higher than that of the large group of losers.  Tournament species are characterized by fierce same-sex fighting. Significantly larger or better-armed individuals in these species have an advantage, but only to the competing sex. Thus, most tournament species have high sexual dimorphism. Examples of tournament species include grouse, peafowl, lions, mountain gorillas and elephant seals.  In some species, members of the competing sex come together in special display areas called leks. In other species, competition is more direct, in the form of fighting between males.  In a small number of species, females compete for males; these include species of jacana, species of phalarope, and the spotted hyena. In all these cases, the female of the species shows traits that help in same-sex battles: larger bodies, aggressiveness, territorialism. Even maintenance of a multiple-male "harem" is sometimes seen in these animals.  Most species fall on a continuum between tournament species and pair-bonding species.

Display behaviour is a set of ritualized behaviours that enable an animal to communicate to other animals (typically of the same species) about specific stimuli. These ritualized behaviours can be visual however many animals depend on a mixture of visual, audio, tactical and/or chemical signals as well. Evolution has tailored these stereotyped behaviours to allow animals to communicate both conspecifically and interspecifically which allows for a broader connection in different niches in an ecosystem. It is connected to sexual selection and survival of the species in various ways. Typically, display behaviour is used for courtship between two animals and to signal to the female that a viable male is ready to mate. In other instances, species may exhibit territorial display behaviour, in order to preserve a foraging or hunting territory for its family or group. A third form is exhibited by tournament species in which males will fight in order to gain the 'right' to breed. Animals from a broad range of evolutionary hierarchies avail of display behaviours - from invertebrates such as the simple jumping spider to the more complex vertebrates like the harbour seal.


History.

On November 19, 1979, Worlds of Fun announced that Orient Express would be coming to the park. The ride officially opened on April 4, 1980.  On June 14, 1987, a train that was entering the station collided into an another that was loading passengers. A total of 56 passengers were involved in the accident, but only 8 were taken to the hospital for injuries.  On July 17, 1999, the two back cars of the train derailed, leaving riders stuck above the ground. The accident was caused by a metal fracture in the support structure.  For the 2000 season, the ride was repainted light maroon. It was originally painted dark maroon.  On October 29, 2003, Worlds of Fun announced that Orient Express would be demolished, meaning that the last rides were given on October 26.

Ride experience.

Orient Express was the first coaster ever to have a "Kamikaze Curve" element, which was later termed a "boomerang" by Arrow Development and a "batwing" by Bolliger & Mabillard. This element consists of a 90-degree rise to the right or left (similar to half a corkscrew), followed by half of a traditional loop element, then a rising half loop, then a final 90-degree dive sending the track in the same direction it entered the element. This element was common on Arrow's larger multi-element looping coasters and on B&M's inverted roller coasters, as well as on the Vekoma designed Goudurix at Parc Astérix, where it was known as a "Double Sidewinder". Orient Express also featured a tunnel prior to the lift hill that housed the Orient Express Dragon, a wooden sign that had the ride's logo illuminated.  The queue house had a "chicken exit" that guests could take if they chickened out at the last minute. The sign for the chicken exit now resides in the station house for Timber Wolf.  Orient Express was also the second full circuit roller coaster to have interlocking loops, the Loch Ness Monster being the first. Lightnin' Loops at Six Flags Great Adventure, which opened in 1978, was the first roller coaster to have interlocking loops, but the coaster was made up of two separate shuttle tracks. With the retirement of Orient Express, Loch Ness Monster is again the only coaster with this feature.

Circuits.

Number of trains: 3
 Number of cars per train: 7
 Passengers per car: 4  The ride was broken into 3 blocks. Block A was the station to the top of the lift. Block B was the top of the lift to halfway through the mid-course (C-Brake). Block C was from halfway through the midcourse (C-Brake) to the final brakes at the end of the ride. When running three trains, one would be in the station loading passengers while the second would be climbing the lift and the third was out on the track. As the lift train cleared the lift, the house train was released for the lift. This was a fast-paced operation since the car had to enter the house, unload and load all in the span of time it took a train to climb the lift. Shutdowns would happen when the train in the station was not dispatched causing the second train to stop in the final brakes just outside the station and in chain reaction, causing the third train to stop in the C-Brake. This was mainly caused by riders taking too long to exit or load in the train.  Restart after a shutdown required the assistance of the parks' maintenance staff. One person would go to the manual brake release under the C brake while the other ran the control panel brake in the house. One train would be taken to the top of the lift and stopped. The second train would be stopped at the C brake before the second inverted loop. The third train would be in the house. To start the process, the C brake was pulled to release the train for the second loop. The lift train would be released as soon as the C block train was clear of the brake. Once the lift train cleared the house train was released.  Over time only two would run at a time due to the ride's blocking system. If there was a backup in the station it caused a train to stop just outside the station and another train would stop halfway through the ride on the C-Brake. This caused the ride to shut down and the only way to get the train out of the trim brakes halfway through the ride was to have an employee climb up the C-Brake stairs and manually release the brakes.

Demise.

Orient Express suffered several malfunctions within the last seasons of its life. It broke down often and in 1999 the last two cars derailed just before the final brake, leaving riders stranded for a couple of hours. Contrary to some rumors, no one ever died on the roller coaster, and it also was never stuck upside-down. The site Orient Express was located on also remains empty, contrary to the belief that Spinning Dragons and Patriot replaced the roller coaster. Behind Spinning Dragons, the ride's old station still remains.

Orient Express was a steel roller coaster located at Worlds of Fun amusement park in Kansas City, Missouri. Introduced in 1980, the ride was manufactured by Arrow Development and designed by Ron Toomer. The red-orange track was in between the two entrances of the park. The station house is still visible, and contains the park's haunted attraction Lore of the Vampire and Club Blood.


Age determination.

For the dating of fossils the carbon-14 method is often used, but this method is not applicable for fossils older than 60,000 years, which is the case for the Nanjing man. Researchers used mass spectrometric U-series dating to identify the age of the skulls. Best estimates date the skull to be at least 580,000 years old. This research, done in 2001 estimates the age of the skulls to be 270,000 years older than previous estimates, executed with the use of different dating methods like Electron spin resonance dating and alpha-counting U-series. However, by using mass spectrometric U-series dating, the age for the tooth found on the Nanjing site was estimated to be only 400,000 years old. Researchers propose that the enamel used to date the tooth may not have the same uranium uptake as the skulls, leading to the discrepancy in estimated age. Another study from 1999 estimated one skull to be at least 500,000 years old, while they date the other skull being between 250,000 and 500,000 years old using the TIMS dating method.

Impact of the Nanjing fossils.

"Homo erectus" occupation of Eastern Asia was an established idea well before the discovery of "Homo erectus nankinensis". Nanjing man is one of several middle Pleistocene dated "Homo erectus" fossil finds in eastern China, the most well known of which is Peking man. However dating the Nanjing man fossils between 580,000 YA and 620,000 YA pushed the estimate for "Homo erectus" colonisation of eastern Asia almost 270,000 years earlier.  The Nanjing man fossil discovery coincided with the paleo-anthropological debate on the population dynamics of modern humans and their relation to other species of the genus "Homo". The characteristics of the new subspecies "Homo erectus nankinensis" and in particular the age of the fossils provided additional evidence which was used to support the multi-regional hypothesis. The extended occupation of East Asia by "Homo erectus" suggested by the dating of the Nanjing fossils supports the hypothesis that a transitional species between "Homo erectus" subspecies of Asia and pre-modern "Homo sapiens" existed. A scientific consensus on the dispersal of "Homo sapiens" throughout the globe was reached in the early 21st century. However, the influence of East Asian "Homo erectus" subspecies on modern humans ancestry remains unclear.  Morphological features of the Nanjing man fossils such as cranial capacity and the size a various cranial metrics differ significantly from other Chinese hominin subspecies. Despite this morphometric and morphological features fall well within the range expected for "Homo erectus". A high diversity in cranial morphological features in Chinese subspecies of "Homo erectus" has been identified in a number of studies

Present location.

The skull fragments collected at Hulu cave are currently displayed the Tangshan "Homo erectus" fossil museum along with other education information about Nanjing man and colonisation of China by "Homo erectus".

Nanjing Man (Homo erectus nankinensis) is a subspecies of "Homo erectus" found in China. Large fragments of one male and one female skull and a molar tooth of "H. e. nankinensis "were discovered in 1993 in the Hulu cave on the Tangshan hills near Nanjing, the former capital city of China. The term Nanjing man is used to describe the subspecies of "Homo erectus" but is also used when referring to the three fossils. The specimens were found in the Hulu limestone cave at a depth of 60–97 cm by Liu Luhong, a local worker. Dating the fossils yielded an estimated age of 580,000 to 620,000 years old.


Early life.

Slory was born in Paramaribo, Suriname, where he lived until he was seven years old. Slory's father is a former player of the Surinamese football club S.V. Robinhood and the Suriname national football team, where he played as an attacking midfielder. Slory left Suriname when his mother started to study in the Netherlands.  In the Netherlands Slory first lived in Zaandam, North Holland. After two months the family moved to Heemskerk, North Holland. When Slory was in the Netherlands for almost a year, a friend of his mother signed him up for his first amateur football club.

Club career.

Youth career.

Slory started his youth career at local Heemskerk club ODIN '59. Soon he joined Stormvogels, a regional club with teams playing on the highest national youth levels. Eventually he got the option to join a professional side. The Dutch Eerste Divisie clubs AZ and Telstar, both based in North Holland, were interested in the youngster. Slory decided to play for Telstar. Main reason for his decision was the fact there were already friends of him playing for the club from Velsen.  At the age of 15, Slory was almost sent away from the club. Mainly thanks to his coach, Toon Gerrits, the youngster changed positively: "I had an evaluation talk with Toon Gerrits. We had a good talk and after that my development went sky high. I still thank him for that."

Stormvogels Telstar (2000–2005).

First steps (2000–2003).

Slory joined Telstar's first team squad in the season 2000–01, but did not play a single match for the first team. In 2001, Telstar merged with Slory's previous amateur club, Stormvogels, which resulted in a name change; Stormvogels Telstar.  At the age of 18, Slory made his professional debut in the Dutch Eerste Divisie on 18 August 2001. Slory replaced Orlando Smeekes in the 73rd minute of the home match against Excelsior (1–3). On 4 November 2001, Slory was named in the starting line-up of the home match against HFC Haarlem (0–1) for the first and only time of the season. Slory played nine matches in his first season, without scoring any goals. After a promising debut season, Slory had a disappointing follow-up season. In the season 2002–03, Slory only made two appearances in the club's first team.

Breakthrough (2003–2005).

Slory had his breakthrough in the season 2003–04. On 5 September 2003, Slory scored his first professional goals in the home match win against Heracles Almelo (2–1). After replacing Luciano van Kallen in the 44th minute, Slory scored both goals for Stormvogels Telstar. Slory played 35 Eerste Divisie matches for Stormvogels Telstar, in which he scored 12 goals.  Slory slowly grew out to be an important player for the club from Velsen. In the season 2004–05, Slory played 31 league matches, scoring 9 goals. As Slory's ambition went beyond the club's, Slory was ready for a new challenge. On 21 February 2005, Excelsior announced the transfer of the 22 years old winger. Slory signed a two-year deal with the third club of Rotterdam. Feyenoord was also part of the agreement, as the Eredivisie club had the first option on the player.

Excelsior (2005–2007).

Unexpected promotion (2005–2006).

At Excelsior, Slory quickly became a first team regular and had a successful 2005–06 season. On 12 September 2005, Slory made his Excelsior debut in the away match against Cambuur Leeuwarden (0–1). One week later, on 19 September 2005, Slory scored his first goal for Excelsior in the home match against FC Emmen (3–0).  Under the management of Mario Been, Excelsior unexpectedly battled for the Eerste Divisie championship. On 31 March 2006, Excelsior won the home match against championship favorite VVV-Venlo (3–1), securing the Eerste Divisie 2005–06 title. Slory scored the equalizer and played an important role in Excelsior's Eredivisie promotion, by scoring 14 goals in 36 matches.

Relegation battle (2006–2007).

After Excelsior's surprise promotion, the Rotterdam club was an almost certain relegation candidate for the season 2006–07. The club had the lowest Eredivisie budget and only few players with Eredivisie experience. However, Slory impressed in the early weeks of the season, scoring five goals in the first ten matches and also had four assists to his name. Slory made his Eredivisie debut on 19 August 2006, in the home match against Roda JC (0–1). Slory scored his first goal on the highest level one week later on 26 August 2006, in the away match against RKC Waalwijk (1–1).  Due to Slory's impressive start of the season, the winger was watched by scouts from various domestic and foreign clubs. However, on 27 October 2006, Feyenood prompted to confirm they were using their option to sign the youngster in the summer. On 21 December 2006, it was announced Slory would join Feyenoord at the end of the season, signing a two-year deal.  Slory continued his impressive run at Excelsior by scoring goals in important matches, including the 1–1 equalizer in the away match against his new club's arch rivals Ajax (2–2). The winger also scored in the home trashing against Heracles Almelo (6–1) and twice in the away match against ADO Den Haag (2–2), both clubs also fighting against relegation. On 29 April 2007, the last Eredivisie match day, Excelsior played against Eredivisie leader AZ. Slory's excellent dribble in the 20th minute caused AZ goalkeeper Boy Waterman to make a foul. The goalkeeper got sent off and Excelsior received a penalty kick, which was finished by Luigi Bruins. Excelsior eventually won the match 3–2, which caused AZ to lose the Eredivisie title to PSV.  Excelsior finished the Eredivisie on a 16th place, which meant they had to compete in the promotion/relegation playoffs. After wins against BV Veendam, with two goals from Slory in the second leg, and RBC Roosendaal, with Slory scoring the winning goal in the second leg, Excelsior remained in the top tier.

Feyenoord (2007–2010).

False start (2007–2009).

Slory's 2007–08 season initially started on 15 June 2007. Before even playing a single minute for Feyenoord, arch rivals Ajax made an offer on the new Feyenoord winger. However, Slory remained at Feyenoord as new Feyenoord coach Bert van Marwijk refused any cooperation.  On 19 August 2007, Slory made an unlucky debut for Feyenoord in the Eredivisie season opening match. Slory was part of Feyenoord's starting line-up in the away match against FC Utrecht (0–3), but collided with opposing goalkeeper Franck Grandel after 17 minutes. The winger broke a metatarsal bone and was sidelined for almost two months. While Slory was recovering from his injury, Feyenoord decided to offer Slory a new contract. On 4 October 2007, Feyenoord extended Slory's contract with a year. Slory's new contract ends summer 2010, with an option for another year.  Slory returned on the pitch on 11 November 2007, in the Klassieker, Feyenoord's home match against Ajax (2–2). Slory came in as a substitute in the 69th minute, but missed two immense opportunities to score face to face with Ajax goalkeeper Maarten Stekelenburg in extra time. As a result of the heavy rivalry between the two sides, a threatening note was delivered at Slory's home address after the match: "You better score the third opportunity, otherwise you must move!". Slory reported the threat to the police. On 2 December 2007, Slory scored his first Eredivisie goal for Feyenoord in the home match against Heracles Almelo (6–0).  Due to injuries and personal difficulties, Slory only played 17 matches in his first Feyenoord season. The same problems haunted the player in the season 2008–09. Slory already missed the complete pre-season program due to a hamstring injury, while he strained a muscle in his other leg in his first Eredivisie match of the season, causing Slory to be out for another six weeks. Slory appeared in 20 Eredivisie matches, scoring only one goal.

Last chance (2009–2010).

For the season 2009–10, former Excelsior coach Mario Been returned on Slory's path, as he was appointed as the new Feyenoord coach. After two disappointing seasons full of injuries, it was Slory's last chance at the club from Rotterdam. However, Slory had a controversial start of the season. On 17 July 2009, Slory was involved in a fight with teammate Karim El Ahmadi on a pre-season training in Óbidos, Portugal. The day after the fight, Slory apologized in front of all his teammates and technical staff.  During the start of the season, Slory quickly became a first team regular. With four goals in thirteen matches, the right winger performed well above expectation. Despite the good start of the season, minor incidents continued to occur and Slory slowly lost his place within the first eleven. On 25 October 2009, Slory was substituted during half time in Feyenoord's home match against VVV-Venlo (1–0) due to disciplinary reasons after arguing with Feyenoord midfielder Denny Landzaat. On 22 November 2009, Slory was fined for signing autographs at a school in Barendrecht, while he was reportedly ill and unable to attend the club's training session. Combined with Slory's expiring contract, the player was free to join a new club during the winter transfer period.

West Bromwich Albion (2010).

On 1 February 2010 he signed for English Championship side West Bromwich Albion on a free transfer. Slory made his debut for West Brom, coming on as 52nd-minute substitute in their 3–2 away win at Blackpool on 3 February 2010. Slory made his home debut for the Baggies in a 2–0 win over Scunthorpe United on 9 February.  He made his first start of the season on 16 February in a 1–1 draw with Cardiff City away. Slory made 6 league appearances for West Bromwich Albion during the 2009/10 season with only one start and the rest coming off the bench.  On 5 May 2010 he was released by West Bromwich Albion who decided against adding to the wingers 5-month contract

Levski Sofia.

On 30 August 2010, Slory arrived in Bulgaria and on the next day (31 August 2010), Slory officially signed his contract, after successfully passing the medical tests. The contract is for 2 years. Slory did not succeed in establishing himself as first choice in the Sofia team's line-up and eventually cancelled his contract with the Bulgarian side.

Adelaide United.

On 20 December 2010, it was announced that Slory had signed as a guest player for A-league side Adelaide United, a contract which allows him to make a maximum of 10 appearances for the club. However, he is ineligible to play until the international transfer window opens in January. Adelaide United has also left the door open for the possibility of Slory staying on beyond the end of the 2010/11 A-League season. Slory recently revealed to the media that he has extended his contract to the end of the 2011/12 season but it is yet unknown if it is definite. On 2 February 2011, Slory made his first official appearance for the team.  Due to a heated disagreement with manager Rini Coolen, it was claimed that Slory would walk away from United. Coolen, who dropped Slory for the Round 7 match against Wellington Phoenix at Eden Park was said to have done so because of the row. It is believed that Slory would also "walk away from the game" and retire from professional football, due to the row. Adelaide United confirmed the reports that Slory intended to retire from football on 22 November 2011. Slory claims he has lost the passion and commitment to football, and hopes to return to the Netherlands and start up a business.

Return to Netherlands.

Slory returned to Netherlands and played with amateur clubs BVV Barendrecht and VDL Maassluis, while completing his coaching course. More than 3 years after he last playing professionally, he signed an 18-month professional contract with Eredivisie club FC Dordrecht in January 2015, after having trained with the club since August 2014.

International career.

Slory was born in Surinam, a former Dutch territory, and was eligible to represent either the Surinam national team or the Netherlands national team, he chose to represent the Netherlands like many other Surinamese born footballers such as Edgar Davids, Clarence Seedorf and Jimmy Hasselbaink.  As a result of his excellent performance at Excelsior in the Eredivisie season 2006–07, Slory received an invitation by the Netherlands coach Marco van Basten. Slory joined the Dutch national team on their trip through Asia in the summer of 2007.  Slory played two matches for the Netherlands. On 2 June 2007, Slory made his international debut in the friendly match against South Korea in Seoul (0–2). After a foul on Slory, the Netherlands received a penalty kick in the 32nd minute of game, which was scored by Rafael van der Vaart. Slory played his second and last match for the Netherlands on 6 June 2007, as the Netherlands beat Thailand in Bangkok (1–3).

Honours.

Excelsior  Feyenoord

Andwélé "Andy" Cedric Slory (born 27 September 1982) is a Dutch footballer who plays as a right winger. After his professional debut for Stormvogels Telstar at the age of 18, Slory promoted to the Eredivisie with his next club Excelsior. In the Eredivisie, Slory had an impressive season with Excelsior. Slory became the club's top scorer with 12 goals, made his debut in the Netherlands national football team and earned a transfer to Feyenoord. Due to injuries, Slory had a difficult start at Feyenoord, but became a first team regular in the season 2009–10. Later he played in England, Bulgaria and Australia, then retired from playing professionally for 3 years until he joined FC Dordrecht in 2015.