Rise to elite.

Hovinen exploded to international attention in the mid-70s and was ranked #1 in the world by Track & Field News in 1975. Resultwise though, his best year by far was 1976, which saw him winning his first Finnish championship and throwing 90 meters or more in seemingly every competition, culminating in his personal best of 93.54 thrown in Helsinki on June 23, 1976. This was very close to the world record, held at the time at 94.08 by Klaus Wolfermann. Hovinen entered the 1976 Summer Olympics as a leading favorite, together with Miklós Németh of Hungary.

1976 Summer Olympics.

Hovinen cleared the qualification easily, throwing 89.76 with his first throw. Though Finland has produced no less than seven Olympic gold medalists in the javelin (including Julius Saaristo's gold in the 1912 two hands competition), this still remains the longest throw ever by a Finn at an Olympics. It was also the longest of the qualification, narrowly ahead of Németh.  Next day in the final however, Németh opened with a new world record of 94.58. Hovinen found himself completely unable to respond, and finished a very disappointing seventh with a lackluster mark of 84.26.

1977 doping positive and further career.

After winning another Finnish championship in 1977, Hovinen tested positive for anabolic steroids (together with fellow Finns Markku Tuokko and Asko Pesonen) at the 1977 European Cup in Helsinki. He was initially given a lifetime ban by IAAF, but this was reduced on an appeal by the Finnish Athletics Association (SUL) and Hovinen became eligible to compete again on August 13, 1978, just in time to take part in the 1978 European Athletics Championships. He cleared the qualification with his first throw but failed again in the final, taking the middle spot as team Finland swept the last three places.  Hovinen never returned to his 1976 shape, though he won one more Finnish championship in 1981. He is married to Ulla Lundholm, the Finnish record holder in women's discus throw; they are the parents of Niko Hovinen.

Seppo Juhani Hovinen (born February 4, 1951 in Virrat) is a retired Finnish javelin thrower. A leading favorite in the 1976 Montréal Olympics, he failed to deliver, finishing 7th.


Flight chronology.

The Boeing 727-100 departed Quito at 10:03 local time, taking off from Runway 17. The aircraft climbed to a cruising altitude of and proceeded north-north-east along the G-675 airway. The first leg, between Quito and Tulcán, was a short one. At 10:15 HC-BLF made contact with the Tulcán control tower, at which point it was positioned from the Tulcán NDB. The crew were given permission to descend to, and were provided with the weather conditions and cleared for the approach. The NDB approach to Runway 23 at Teniente Coronel Luis A. Mantilla Airport would take the airplane directly over the airport, bearing 085 degrees; the aircraft would then make a left-hand turn to heading 233 after 1.5 minutes, flying at IAS, all the while descending to a final altitude of. The elevation of the runway is ; there are numerous mountain ridges and peaks located in the vicinity of the airport, which is located high in the Andes mountains. The Cumbal Volcano, which rises to an altitude of, is located less than due west of the airport.  "El Oro" entered the approach from the southwest, passing slightly west of the NDB, as opposed to directly over it. The pilot began the turn correctly, but was flying too fast; the aircraft was flying at, rather than the required 180. This took the 727 wide of its intended course; by the time it came around to a westerly heading, it was flying not towards the runway, but into the side of the Cumbal Volcano.  The aircraft crashed into the side of the mountain at 10:23 AM, after which no further contact was made with the flight. The impact occurred at an elevation of, some below the volcano's summit. Visibility was very poor at the time of the accident; the wreckage was not found until almost a day later.

Investigation.

The investigation committee of the Special Administrative Unit of Civil Aeronautics (Colombia) found the probable cause of the accident to be the following:  1. The pilot's decision... to initiate and continue the flight towards Tulcán Airport while below minimum meteorological conditions established in the company's standard operating procedure.  2. Inadequate navigation and operation of the aircraft by the pilot in command... consistent with entering the holding pattern at the Tulcán NDB with a velocity of 230 knots indicated and with a bank angle of 15 degrees, exceeding the maximum limit of 180 knots stipulated throughout the procedure, and using a bank angle inferior to the recommended 25 to 30 degrees, thereby departing... holding pattern obstacle protection, leading to a collision against the Cumbal Volcano.

TAME Flight 120 was a Boeing 727-134 airliner, registration HC-BLF, named "El Oro", operating as a scheduled international passenger flight between Quito, Ecuador and Cali, Colombia, with a scheduled stopover at the Ecuadorian border town of Tulcán. The aircraft crashed while on approach to Tulcán's Teniente Coronel Luis A. Mantilla International Airport on January 28, 2002. The pilot flew the approach incorrectly in reportedly foggy conditions, and the aircraft flew into the side of the Cumbal Volcano, located near Ipiales, Colombia, at 10:23 in the morning. All passengers and crew were killed in the crash.


Biography.

Marga Ingeborg Thome was born in Oberlöstern, Wadern, Germany, on 17 July 1942. She completed A-levels with the Ketteler Kolleg, Mainz, Germany, finished nursing school in 1963 at the Universitätskliniken Homburg, Saar, Germany, and midwifery school in 1965 at the Kantonales Frauenspital, Bern, Switzerland. She completed studies as a teacher in nursing in 1973 in Heidelberg, Germany, a Diploma of Advanced Nursing Studies and a master's degree in 1977 from Victoria University in Manchester, England and acquired a doctoral degree (PhD) from Queen Margaret University and Open University in Edinburgh, Scotland, in 1997. She is a citizen of Germany and Iceland and has resided in Iceland since 1973.  Marga was a part-time teacher in nursing with the University of Iceland from 1974–1975. In 1977, she received the first chair in nursing as an Assistant Professor with the Department of Nursing. In 1980, she was promoted to Associate Professor and in 2006 to full professorship until her retirement in 2012. She was amongst those developing the curriculum in nursing into a bachelor of science degree and later also helped develop curriculums for masters and doctoral degrees and midwifery studies.  Marga taught both nursing and midwifery at basic and advanced levels. She participated in international collaborations with universities and research institutes in Germany and Austria. She contributed to international scholarly societies aiming to develop knowledge related to mental health during the childbearing period and the first years of life (Marcé Society and Society of Reproductive and Infant Psychology). From 1997–2000, Marga was the first chairperson at the Nursing Research Institute at the University of Iceland, and the first Dean of the Faculty of Nursing from 2000–2003. She worked as a nurse and midwife in Germany, Switzerland, and Iceland before teaching at the University of Iceland. The Ministry of Education, Science and Culture appointed her to the Nursing Council. Located in the Ministry of Health, the council grants licences to nurses. The Icelandic Nursing Association appointed her as Iceland's representative to the Workgroup of European Nurse Researchers (WERN) from 2000–2007.

Expertise and Research.

Marga specialised in maternal and new-born nursing, with focus on mental health. She held a joint position as an academic chair in the field of her expertise with the Landspitali – a National University Hospital (LSH) and with the Primary Health Care Centers in Greater Reykjavik from 2000–2012, which facilitated co-operative research with practicing nurses and other health professionals. Her research related to Icelandic mothers’ breastfeeding, postpartum mental health, and sleep problems of babies. In co-operation with other specialists, and with masters and doctoral students, she participated in mapping Icelandic women's perinatal mental health, studied how online education for primary care nurses on postpartum mental distress affected rehabilitation of long-term depressed patients, and the effect of a psycho-social intervention on distressed female university students. In addition, she studied the effect of family-nursing intervention on expecting couples when the mother is distressed, ways to screen for antenatal distress and illness, and how social support and pregnant women's satisfaction with the couple relationship affect pregnancy. Marga published her research and scholarly work in Icelandic, English and German in national and international journals. She has held numerous lectures on these topics at national and international conferences and workshops.

Marga Ingeborg Thome (born July 17, 1942) is a German-Icelandic nursing scholar. She is a professor emerita at the University of Iceland. In 2010, Marga was awarded the Knight's Cross of the Icelandic Order of the Falcon.


Function.

Aerodynamically, bargeboards act primarily as flow conditioners, smoothing and redirecting the turbulent or "dirty" air in the wake of the front wing, the front suspension links, and the rotating front wheels.  Part of their function is to direct the turbulent wakes of the front wing and spinning front wheels away from downstream aerodynamic surfaces. In this capacity, they separate different components of this mixture of flows, and direct them either outside and around the sidepods, or direct flow towards the radiator inlets. As such, the configuration of bargeboards can have significance with respect to cooling. They also help direct flow behind the front wheels, reducing the wake drag created by the wheel profile.

Vortex generators.

Another important function of bargeboards is to act as vortex generators, redirecting and energizing airflow. The upper, downward sloping edge can shed a large vortex downstream around the sidepods, where it can interact favorably with flip-ups, or aid in sealing the low pressure underbody flow from the ambient stream. The bottom edge of the bargeboard can also shed vortices that energize the airflow to the underbody, which can help delay flow separation and allow the use of more aggressive diffuser profiles. In recent years, these two edges have acquired relatively large serrations or protruding tabs to enhance this aspect of their performance.

Turning vanes.

Smaller, similar structures are often situated further forward, between the front wheels and the monocoque. These are typically called "turning vanes" rather than bargeboards, and are used in addition to, or sometimes in place of full bargeboards, depending on the aerodynamic approach of the car.  Initially relatively simple in their design, bargeboards and turning vanes became progressively more complex through the 2000s, integrating with the floor, mirror supports, suspension mounts, and other structures in more elaborate ways.  See HVAC turning vanes for turning vanes used inside of ductwork.

Bargeboards are pieces of bodywork on open-wheel racing cars, serving a purely aerodynamic (as opposed to structural) function. They are curved vertical planes situated longitudinally, between the front wheels and the sidepods, held away from the chassis at the front on struts or other connectors, and connecting to the sidepods or extensions of the floor at the rear. In general, they are significantly taller at the front than at the rear making them trapezoidal in profile, and they curve outward in plan view, being closer to the centerline of the car at the front, and curving out towards the rear. Bargeboards were introduced by McLaren at the 1993 South African Grand Prix, before being adopted by Benetton and other teams.


Playing career.

Pritchard joined local side Wolverhampton Wanderers straight from school in 1941. The suspension of league football due to World War II delayed the official start of his Wolves career, though gave him the opportunity to play as a guest for Mansfield Town, Notts County, Swindon Town and Walsall. He finally made his First Division debut after the resumption of the Football League on 12 October 1946, in a 6–1 thrashing of Huddersfield Town at Molineux. This was one of just four starts under the stewardship of Ted Vizard during the 1946–47 season. Under the management of Stan Cullis, Pritchard became a regular fixture at full-back in the Wolves side over the next seven seasons. They reached fifth and sixth in the league in the 1947–48 and 1948–49 seasons, though their great success was to come in the FA Cup. Pritchard helped the team to battle through the 1948–49 FA Cup campaign, beating Chesterfield, Sheffield United, Liverpool, West Bromwich Albion and Manchester United (in a semi-final replay) to reach the 1949 FA Cup Final. He played all ninety minutes at Wembley, as Wolves defeated Leicester City 3–1. Wolves then came second in the league in the 1949–50 season, as Portsmouth's superior goal average proved decisive. They dropped to 14th place in 1950–51, but did manage to reach the semi-finals of the FA Cup. A 16th-place finish in 1951–52 was then followed by a third-place finish in 1952–53. He played 27 league games in the 1953–54 season, as Wolves won their first league title with a four-point lead over Midlands rivals West Bromwich Albion. They came close to retaining their title in the 1954–55 campaign, as Chelsea won the title by four points; Pritchard featured just seven times and also missed the 1954 FA Charity Shield, as a defensive reshuffle saw him out of favour.  In February 1955, Pritchard switched clubs to fellow Midland rivals Aston Villa. His career at Villa Park never got going, and he only played three times for their first team over a two-and-a-half-year stay. Eric Houghton's "Villans" finished sixth in 1954–55, though only avoided relegation in 1955–56 on goal average. They rose to tenth in 1955–56 and won the FA Cup, though Pritchard did not feature in the final. He moved on to Notts County in November 1957, and played out the remainder of the 1957–58 season at Meadow Lane, featuring in 18 Second Division games as Tommy Lawton's side were relegated in last place. Pritchard joined Port Vale in the close season, and played 18 league games as the "Valiants" won the Fourth Division title in 1958–59. He played just six Third Division games in the 1959–60 campaign, after which manager Norman Low allowed him to leave Vale Park on a free transfer. In May 1960 he joined Southern League side Wellington Town, and remained at the club until his retirement.

Statistics.

Source:

Roy Thomas Pritchard (9 May 1925 – January 1993) was an English footballer who played 247 league games at full back in the Football League for Wolverhampton Wanderers, Aston Villa, Notts County, and Port Vale. He also played war-time football for Wolves, Mansfield Town, Notts County, Swindon Town and Walsall, and later played Southern League football for Wellington Town. He won the Fourth Division title with Port Vale in 1958–59, and won both the FA Cup with Wolves in 1949, as well as the First Division title in 1953–54.


Early life and education.

Born in Førde, Norway to an Indian family who immigrated to Norway from New Delhi during the 1970s, his father is a physician, and his mother is a physiotherapist. He grew up in the rural village of Lavik, Høyanger where his father worked as a general practitioner before relocating to Lillestrøm, Akershus at the age of fourteen. Parallel to his involvement in politics, Gulati for a time studied medicine before deciding it was not for him. He later received a bachelor's degree in Economy and Leadership from BI Norwegian Business School, as well as having attended a six-month course in filmmaking at an academy in India.

Political career.

After taking an early interest in politics, he joined the FpU, or the youth organization of the Progress Party at the age of fifteen. He was elected chairperson of the Progress Party's Youth, on 24 March 2012 after previously having been vice-chairperson for two years. Apart from this he is also currently serving as a deputy member to the "Storting". On a local level he has since 2007 been a representative on the Skedsmo municipal council, representing FrP. He was an outspoken critic of the Red-green coalition, especially on issues of foreign policy, immigration and taxation.  When Solberg's Cabinet was formed in October 2013 after the Norwegian parliamentary election, Gulati was appointed state secretary for Anders Anundsen in Ministry of Justice and Public Security. Aged 25, he became the youngest state secretary in the cabinet.

Himanshu Gulati (born 16 June 1988) is a Norwegian politician representing the Progress Party. Gulati was the chairperson of the Progress Party's Youth from 2012 to 2014. He served as State Secretary in the Ministry of Justice and Public Security from 2013 to 2014, and at the Office of the Prime Minister from 2014 until 2017. In 2017 he was elected as a representative in the Norwegian parliament from Akershus, where he has served in the Committee on Justice.


Youth and marriage.

Leurink was orphaned at an early age. Both her father, the mayor of Enschede and her mother died in 1694. Together with her sisters Geeske, Catharina and Judith and brother Georgius she was entrusted to the care of her uncle, Jan Stroink.  At the age of fifteen she married the then twenty-eight-year-old Henricus Keller, vicar in Losser on 9 March 1698.

Notebooks.

On the day of her wedding, Aleida began writing in her notebooks. The first few years they were short notes, but over time they became more and more extensive. From 1698 to 1752 she began to mention the prices of rye. From 1749 onwards she has a thermometer and barometer and records their readings daily. In addition to the data relating to her work, such as the weather and the yield of her rye, Aleida also gives an insight into the events of the years she wrote. Small events with the children as well as big events such as floods, cattle diseases, fires, love and suffering of the House of Orange, struggles between the reformed and Catholics, danger of war and executions were all recorded by her. The specialist terms used in the field of spinning and weaving indicate that she knew what she was writing about and that she knew exactly which weaver had to have what woven. In addition, she mentions with every transaction what she earned from it. Her notes give historians a good insight in how both personal and national events were experienced.  The diary of Aleida Leurink was made accessible to a broad public at the beginning of the 20th century by J.J. van Deinse who started writing about it in the Dutch regional paper Twentsch Dagblad Tubantia.  Because Aleida wrote for 57 years, her notebooks give a clear picture of life at that time. Major events in the history of Losser or those of national importance can be found in her diary. Especially the data about the weather and the rye prices give historians a lot of information. See also writes avbout the German places Gildehaus, Burgsteinfurt en Nordhorn. The latter being her husbands place of birth. Her diaries became public as early as 1754. (Parts of) the diary can be read in various places.

Children.

Aleida and Henricus had 5 children:

Inheritance.

In 2009 M.L Hansen compiled and published the book "Tot Losser kwam" and Johan Effing compiled a list of her data on the website of Weather Station Losser.  In Losser, next to the church, there is the “Aleida Leurinkhuis” which has been a national monument since 1965. It is now used as a communal house. Leurink never lived in that house but she lived in the house next door.

Aleida Leurink (Enschede, 24 September 1682 - Losser, 6 August 1755) was a pastor's wife who became known for the notebooks she kept for 57 years.


1839–1840.

Burke was employed as a gardener for Lord Derby, an enthusiastic natural history collector with his own menagerie at Prescot, Lancashire. In 1839 Lord Derby commissioned Karl Zeyher to collect plants and animals in southern Africa, delegating Burke to organise the expedition.  Burke left London on the vessel "Joanna" in December 1839 and arrived in Cape Town in March 1840. From here he went on to "Vygekraal" (about 3 km SE of Table Bay), the home of Rev. Fry and an agent of Lord Derby. Here he arranged for a wagon and oxen to transport him, and set out on 23 May to Uitenhage where he planned to meet up with Karl Zeyher for a joint expedition to the interior. A smallpox outbreak in Cape Town caused usually hospitable farmers along the way to bar their homes to visitors, creating accommodation problems for Burke. Exasperated by the slow progress of his wagon, he left it in the vicinity of the Swartberg and went ahead on foot. Arriving in Uitenhage, he found that Zeyher had not prepared for the expedition, and that supplies that were to have been sent to Algoa Bay, had not arrived. Chafing at the delay, Burke returned to Cape Town on 2 August with some animals that Zeyher had obtained for Lord Derby, and arrived back in Algoa Bay on 27 August. Here he awaited the arrival of his supplies which eventually landed on 9 November. At last on 17 November 1840, the expedition, which consisted of a train of three wagons, set out from Uitenhage and went north, arriving at Cradock on 3 December. From here they crossed the Great Fish River and reached the Orange River on 19 December. The Caledon River, which was in spate on Christmas Day, could only be crossed on 29 January 1841, and then only by way of dismantling all the wagons and ferrying them across piecemeal.

1841.

They reached Thaba Nchu on 15 February 1841 and continued north across the Vet River Difficulties with the purchase of horses delayed their departure until mid-April. Crossing the Sand and Vals Rivers, they reached Kroonstad where they spent some days collecting and preserving birds. On 8 May they reached the Vaal River, and were prevented from crossing it until 17 May, by severe snow and rain on 13 May. Continuing northwards they met one of the Voortrekker leaders Andries Potgieter at present-day Potchefstroom in May 1841. Heading further north they made their way to the Magaliesberg entering the Magalies River catchment on 31 May. The Magalies River valley was teeming with game, and they spent 2 weeks shooting and skinning a large variety of mammals and birds, including hippopotamus, black rhino, eland, zebra, kudu, waterbuck and wildebeest. On 12 June they reached the Crocodile River near Hartebeespoort and added to their collection buffalo, tsessebe and crocodile. By now Burke felt that his collection was sufficiently representative and that his wagons were close to capacity. They set off on a trip to the salt pan near Pretoria about two days away. Here they encountered giraffe and a number of birds not previously seen. Burke described this bushveld region as grassveld densely covered with Acacia and other species as far as the eye could see. They had arrived at the southernmost extension of African savanna in the interior. Burke left the salt pan on 7 August and returned to their Magaliesberg camp, and on 24 August headed west to Marikana and Sterkstroom. They followed this stream north as far as its junction with the Crocodile River, which they reached on 29 August, and at which place they shot their first white rhino. They followed the Crocodile further north to the Pienaars River confluence, reaching the most northerly point of their expedition. Burke recorded that the area was teeming with rhino and lion; they made camp here and stayed for several weeks, collecting numerous specimens and live young animals. On 26 October they broke camp and moved east, following the Pienaars River, almost to the salt pan they had visited previously. They thereupon returned to their camp in the Magaliesberg and on 17 November received a visit from the Swedish naturalist Wahlberg, who had journeyed up from Port Natal. They made a few minor excursions before starting on the return journey on 14 December 1841. Following the course of the Magalies River upstream, they reached Potchefstroom on 26 December and came across an Erythrina (most probably "E. zeyheri" Harv.) in full flower. This species is remarkable in that it is in effect an underground tree which only appears above ground during the flowering season, spending the winter months in a state of dormancy.

1842.

Making good progress, they crossed the Vaal River on 1 January 1842 and the Orange River on 4 February. From here they deviated from their outward route and travelled west to Colesberg, where they arrived on 18 February. Striking further west, they reached Klein Tafelberg on 4 March and Beaufort West by 9 April. Along the Gamka River, Burke captured several eland and noted that some of his other animals had died. They crossed the Dwyka River on 3 May and the Hex River Pass on 22 May and were back at Vygekraal on 7 June, almost two and a half years after landing at Table Bay. Burke sailed for England in July 1842, taking back an "immense collection of living and dead animals and dried plants, seeds, bulbs etc"; the plant specimens finding their way to Kew.  Burke kept a journal detailing his travels, from which excerpts were published by William Jackson Hooker in the London Journal of Botany in 1846. Most of the expedition's botanising was by Zeyher, as Burke's interest lay primarily in mammals. Nevertheless, Burke did maintain a personal collection of plants, yielding many unrecorded species. Hooker named the monotypic African genus "Burkea" after him, while he was also commemorated in the species' names "Acacia burkei", "Elephantorrhiza burkei", "Hoodia burkei", and "Drosera burkeana". His plant specimens are in the herbarium of Kew Gardens.  Burke got married in England in December 1842 and later settled in the United States. He subsequently went on a joint expedition with collectors from Kew to Hudson Bay and California, settled 180 acres in Cass County, Missouri, successfully participated in the California Gold Rush on 1849, and served as a First Lieutenant in the Union Army during the United States Civil War (even as family members served in the Confederate Army).  Joseph was born May 13, 1812 in Bristol, England, and died at age 60 in Cass County, Harrisonville, MO, USA, on January 23, 1873. He was married to Elizabeth, also from Bristol, England, and had 3 children in England and 6 children in the USA. Elizabeth died at age 92 on March 15, 1913, in Harrisonville, MO.

Joseph Burke (12 June 1812 in Bristol, England – 23 January 1873 in Harrisonville, USA) was a collector of plants and animals for Lord Derby.


Early life and high school career.

Henderson was born and grew up in Miami, Florida and attended Christopher Columbus High School. He played both running back and cornerback for the Explorers and was invited to play in the All-America Bowl as a senior. He was ranked a four-star prospect and initially committed to play at the University of Miami before de-committing to evaluate other offers. Henderson ultimately signed a letter of intent to play at the University of Florida.

College career.

As a true freshman, Henderson appeared in 11 games for the Gators with five starts and made 22 tackles with four interceptions. He became the first freshman in Florida's history to return an interception for a touchdown in back-to-back games after doing so in his first two career games against Michigan and Tennessee. In his sophomore year, his first full season as a starter, Henderson recorded 38 tackles, two sacks and two forced fumbles with two interceptions and a team-high seven passes defended and was named second team All-Southeastern Conference by the league's coaches.  Henderson entered his junior season as a preseason first team All-SEC selection, third team preseason All-America, and on the Bednarik Award watchlist. Henderson was also named a second team midseason All-American by the Associated Press despite missing four games due to injury. Henderson finished his junior season with 33 tackles (three for loss), a sack and 11 passes broken up in nine games and was named first team All-SEC by the league's coaches and a second team All-American by the FWAA. Following the end of the Gators' regular season, Henderson announced that he would forgo his final year of eligibility to enter the 2020 NFL Draft and also skip Florida's bowl game. Henderson finished his collegiate career with 93 tackles, 26 passes broken up and six interceptions in 33 games played.

Professional career.

Henderson was selected with the 9th pick in the 2020 NFL draft by the Jacksonville Jaguars.

Christopher "C. J." Henderson, Jr. (born September 30, 1998) is an American football cornerback for the Jacksonville Jaguars of the National Football League (NFL). He played college football at Florida.


Geography.

Haafeva is 42 km southwest of Pangai in the Haapai group of islands at Latitude (DMS) 19° 56' 60 S and Longitude (DMS) 174° 43' 0 W.

History.

Haʻafeva is the home estate of the chiefly line of Tuuhetoka (now merged with Lasike). It was Moatunu, one of their ancestors, who once saved Tāufaāhau I from losing a decisive battle and even death at the 1826 Battle of Velata. When Tāufaāhau came to Haafeva to ask the chief for help with his war against Laufilitonga, the last Tui Tonga to be, the chief did not want to help him, having his allegiance with the other. But when his sister threatened to go instead, he switched loyalty, and fought close to Tāufaāhau. Then the latter was hit on the head by several attackers and lay unconscious on the ground. The Haafeva chief fought off all enemies until Tāufaāhau became conscious again. Later this warrior was named "Tuu-he-toka" ("Standing while the chief is sleeping"). Had Tāufaāhau been a commoner instead of a chief, the proper term would be "tuu-he-mohe"; had he been king, "tuu-he-tōfā" would have been used.  The area around the island was also the site of the 1789 Mutiny on the Bounty.

Archaeology.

Haafeva is home to an excavation site dubbed 'Mele Havea', after Mele Havea, whose house is nearby. Hundreds of pieces of early Eastern Lapita pottery were unearthed there in 1996 and 1997 along with various other artifacts of early settlements. Carbon dating places these artifacts at approximately 2690 to 2490 years BP.

Ferry sinking.

Haafeva was to have been the destination of the ill-fated, an inter-island ferry that sank on 5 August 2009, claiming many lives. Most of those killed were women and children as it is usual in Tonga for men to sleep on the decks of boats while the children and women shelter inside.

Haafeva is a small island in the Haʻapai group of Tonga, but still the main island of the Lulunga archipelago. Kolongatata is the name commonly given to the village on Haafeva and is a reference to Haafeva's exposure to strong winds. The inhabited area of Haafeva can be divided into Hahake, Hihifo, Tua Kolo, Loto Kolo and Uta. The Island has a population of about 200.


Background.

Previous election.

In the previous election, held on 11 September 2017, Erna Solberg of the Conservatives retained her position as prime minister after four years in power. Her premiership additionally received the support of the Progress Party, the Liberals and the Christian Democrats, who combined secured 88 of the 169 seats in parliament. The opposition, led by Jonas Gahr Støre and his Labour Party, won 81 seats. Other opposition parties included the Centre Party, Socialist Left, the Greens and the Red Party.

Christian Democratic Party government accession.

The Christian Democrats voted at a party conference to join Solberg's government on 2 November 2018 and on 16 January 2019, Solberg's Conservatives struck a deal with the Christian Democratic Party. This marked the first time since 1985 that Norway would have a majority government representing right-wing parties in the Storting.

Progress Party withdrawal from government.

On 20 January 2020, the Progress Party decided to withdraw from the government due to a decision by Solberg to repatriate a woman linked to Islamic State and her children back to Norway. Despite this, Solberg said that she and her party would continue to head a minority government and the other parties in the coalition (Liberal Party, Christian Democrats) have also stated they would continue to serve in it.

Electoral system.

Electoral reform.

On 21 June 2017, the Solberg government established a committee tasked with reviewing the electoral system used in Norwegian parliamentary elections. The 17-member committee, which is led by court judge, is obliged to finish its report on the electoral system by 2019. Electoral reform is expected to accompany a reform of the country's counties, and is likely to include changes to the size and borders of electoral districts (currently 19), the electoral threshold (currently 4%) and the overall number of MPs (currently 169).

Date.

According to the Norwegian constitution, parliamentary elections must be held every four years. Rather uniquely, the Norwegian parliament may not be dissolved before such a parliamentary four-year term has ended, which in practice makes snap elections impossible. As the last election was held in September 2017, the next election is set for 13 September 2021.

The next Norwegian parliamentary election is scheduled to be held on 13 September 2021. All 169 seats in the Norwegian legislature, the Storting, will be up for election.


History.

In April 2014, AT&T and the Chernin Group established Otter Media as the 50:50 joint venture to offer OTT services.  In January 2016, Otter Media invested in Van Toffler (former CEO of Viacom Media Networks Music Group) and Floris Bauer's Gunpowder & Sky, a digital content company which eventually merged with FilmBuff.  In November 2016, Otter Media and actress Reese Witherspoon formed Hello Sunshine, a joint venture focused on telling female-driven stories on film, TV, and digital platforms. In July 2017, AT&T was reportedly looking to acquire full ownership of the company along with other joint ventures inherited in its acquisition of satellite TV provider DirecTV. The company if it were to be fully acquired by AT&T will cost a valuation of $1 billion. Since February 2018, its CEO is Tony Goncalves (who was an AT&T Digital executive).  In January 2018, Otter Media bought the remaining stake in Ellation, the owner of VRV and Crunchyroll, and integrated it as Otter Media's Consumer Division.  On June 20, 2018, "Recode" reported that AT&T was close to buying out Chernin's stake in Otter Media, on the heel of its acquisition of Time Warner (whose digital media holdings included Machinima). On August 7, 2018, AT&T announced their acquisition of Chernin Group's stake in Otter Media for an undisclosed amount, believed to be around $1 billion.  On August 22, 2018, Ellation formed Ellation Studios, a production studio with facilities in both the U.S. and Japan, to produce original content for Crunchyroll and VRV.  On December 4, 2018, Otter announced a broad restructuring that would result in the layoff of about ten percent of its staff. As part of the reorganization, Machinima, which had been part of Warner Bros. Digital Networks, was re-organized under Otter Media. Ellation will now house Rooster Teeth, Crunchyroll, and VRV, while Machinima became a unit of Fullscreen.  On March 4, 2019, following the reconstruction of WarnerMedia's businesses, Otter Media became part of Warner Bros. Entertainment. However, on May 31, it was transferred to the WarnerMedia Entertainment division in order to oversee HBO Max.  On September 2019, Crunchyroll announced it had acquired a majority stake in Viz Media Europe from Hitotsubashi Group, and later rebranded Viz Media Europe as Crunchyroll SAS. As a result, the Ellation name was moved from being Otter Media's Consumer Division to Crunchyroll's subsidiary in Moldova, and VRV was made a brand of Crunchyroll.

Otter Media Holdings, LLC is an American digital media company owned by WarnerMedia Entertainment, a division of AT&T's WarnerMedia. It owns Crunchyroll, Crunchyroll Studios, VRV, Fullscreen, and Rooster Teeth, and holds ownership stakes in Hello Sunshine and Gunpowder & Sky.


Biography.

Lữ had two brothers: Emperor Thái Đức, common name Nguyễn Nhạc; and Emperor Quang Trung, common name Nguyễn Huệ. According to "Đại Nam chính biên liệt truyện", the three brothers, listed from eldest to youngest, were Nguyễn Nhạc, Nguyễn Lữ, Nguyễn Huệ; However, other source reported that he was the youngest one among Tây Sơn brothers. He had two nicknames: "thầy Tư Lữ" (Fourth Master Lữ ) and "Đức ông Bảy" (Virtuous Sir Seven).  After defeating the Nguyễn Lords and seizing Saigon in 1783 Nguyễn Lữ became king of the South, while Nguyễn Nhạc was crowned king of central Vietnam. Two generals, Đặng Văn Chân and Phạm Văn Tham, were left in Gia Định to assist him.  A civil war broke out between Nguyễn Nhạc and Nguyễn Huệ in 1787, the main forces withdrew from Gia Định, and marched north to support Nhạc. Getting the information, Nguyễn Ánh returned to Vietnam. Nguyễn Lữ was afraid, and retreated to Biên Hòa, leaving Phạm Văn Tham to defend Saigon. Ánh forged a letter from Nhạc to Lữ, and sent it to Tham. In the letter, Nhạc described Tham as an overbearing man, and ordered Lữ to kill Tham. After receiving the letter, Tham marched to Biên Hòa, with a white flag in front of the army, to justify his wrongful treatment. But the white flag was mistaken for Tham's surrender to Nguyễn lord, Nguyễn Lữ abandoned his troops and his fief, fled to Quy Nhơn and sought refuge with his elder brother Nguyễn Nhạc. Not long after he died there.

Nguyễn Lữ (; died 1787), also known by the title of Đông Định vương (東定王, "king of Eastern Conquering"), was the one of the Tây Sơn brothers who formed short-lived Tây Sơn dynasty of Vietnam.


Biography.

Known as Percy Smith, he was the son of Francis David Smith (1854-1918) and Ada (née Blaker - born 1856). In 1907 he married Kate Louise Ustonson (1881-1959). He began to photograph the natural world around him while working as a clerk for the British Board of Education, but found his desire to exploit the educational possibilities of film stifled until his close-up photograph of a bluebottle's tongue caught the attention of film producer Charles Urban. Smith subsequently made "To Demonstrate How Spiders Fly" (1909) and "The Acrobatic Fly" (1910) before joining the Charles Urban Trading Company full-time. He directed over fifty nature films for the "Urban Sciences" series, including the pioneering stop-motion film "The Birth of a Flower" (1910), prior to the outbreak of the First World War.  During the First World War from 1916 to 1918 Smith served in the Royal Navy as a naval photographer, shooting aerial views of battlefields for British forces, and made a series of films depicting battles through animated maps, including "Fight for the Dardanelles" (1915).  After the war he went to work for British Instructional Films on the "Secrets of Nature" series starting in 1922 and made the comedy film "The Bedtime Stories of Archie the Ant" (1925). He continued to work for BIF into the 30s on the retitled "Secrets of Life" series, handing the direction of films including "Magic Myxies" and "The World in a Wine-Glass" (1931) over to his colleagues Mary Field and H.R Hewer, while he concentrated on the photography.  He died at his home in Southgate, London, on 24 March 1945. His death was recorded as suicide by coal gas poisoning and was front page news in British tabloids. In his will he left £3203 2s 6d.  A selection of his films has been made available on DVD by the British Film Institute on the release.  A BBC documentary charting the work of Smith and attempting to recreate his "The Acrobatic Fly" was screened in 2013.

Frank Percy Smith (12 January 1880–24 March 1945) was a British naturalist and early nature documentary pioneer working for Charles Urban, where he pioneered the use of time-lapse and microcinematography.


Life and career.

Anderson was born on 17 November 1855 in Scotland, to James Anderson. He was educated at The Glasgow Academy.  Anderson played as a forward for Clydesdale, Queen's Park and represented the Scotland national team once, in an 1874 friendly match against England. He scored Scotland's first goal in a 2–1 win. He also played in the first ever Scottish Cup Final, which his Clydesdale team lost 2–0 to his former club, Queen's Park in 1874.  Anderson moved to Shanghai in the early 1880s to join Messrs Holliday, Wise & Co. At the beginning of 1890 he joined Messrs Ilbert & Co and by 1909 had become the principal partner of the firm.  Anderson served on the Shanghai Municipal Council for eight years from 1892 to 1897. The Municipal Council was the body that ran the Settlement. He was elected Chairman in August 1899 following the resignation of James Fearon and served until 1900. He served as Chairman again from 1904 to 1906. He was also the local chairman in Shanghai of the China Association.  In 1898-99 and 1908-9, Shanghai Rugby Club chose Frederick Anderson as President in 1905. He had previously played two games of rugby for the second Shanghai Football Club, once in January 1882 and then four years later in January 1886.  He left Shanghai in 1909 and returned to London. In 1919 he was serving as chairman of the China Association in London and in 1922 he was re-elected President of the association.  He died on 5 January 1940.

Personal life.

Anderson married Sophia Louisa Le Hunte Ward, daughter of Admiral T. Le Hunte Ward C.B. on 4 June 1896. They had two children Frederick Le Hunte Anderson, and Helen Sophia Anderson.

Frederick Anderson (17 November 1855 – 5 January 1940) was a Scottish football player and businessman in Shanghai and London. He served two terms as the Chairman of the Shanghai Municipal Council.


Design.

According to the official website, "the church was designed in a monumental Russian style, organically incorporating modern architectural approaches and innovations unique to the Orthodox church creation". The facades of the building are finished with metal, the arches are glazed. The walls of the church, decorated with murals, include battle scenes from military history and scripture texts. The decoration of the lower (small) church is made of ceramics and is decorated with Gzhel painting, with pieces of glass smalt used in the manufacture of mosaic panels. The central apse dedicated to the Resurrection of Christ is made in the form of a metal relief. The decoration of the church, the icon and the iconostasis (icon wall) are made of copper with enamels, as was done on the marching military icons. The image of the Saviour-Not-Made-by-Hands in the central dome of the church is the largest image of the Christ's face executed in mosaic.

Glass mosaics.

Stained glass mosaics in the cathedral's vault feature various Red Army orders, accompanied by their respected ribbons that denote their class. Many of the orders display the faces of prominent military leaders from the Imperial Russian Army. The following orders are depicted in the mosaics: The Order of Alexander Nevsky (First Class), Order of Bogdan Khmelnitsky (First Class), Order of Ushakov (First Class), Order of Nakhimov (First Class), Order of Suvorov (First Class), Order of Kutuzov (First Class), Order of Victory, Order of the Red Banner, Order of the Red Star, and the Order of the Patriotic War (First Class).

Sizes.

Some of the sizes are symbolic. The height of the church along with the cross is 95 meters. The diameter of the drum of the main dome is 19.45 meters, symbolizing the year when the Great Patriotic War ended – 1945. The height of the belfry is 75 meters, a reference to the 75 years that passed in 2020 since the end of World War II. The height of the small dome is 14.18 meters – 1418 days and nights hostilities lasted in Great Patriotic War. The area of the church complex is 11,000 m2. The capacity of the interior of the church is up to 6,000 people.

Bells.

The bells are made at the Voronezh Foundry. The decoration of the bells repeats ornaments decorating the cathedral. The bells reflect the theme of Victory in the Great Patriotic War, icons of patrons of the Russian Army. The main bell-evangelist was decorated with bas-reliefs depicting key events of the Great Patriotic War. Work on the manufacture of bells was carried out for six months. The ensemble weighs more than 20 tons, it includes 18 bells, the largest of which weighs 10 tons. 17 of the 18 bells are dedicated to the types and arms of the troops. On the one hand the emblem is applied to the bell, on the other, the image of the patron saint. On 23 August 2019, bells are set on the belfry of the cathedral.

Dome.

On 15 November 2019, a 80-ton central dome was erected on the cathedral, the height and diameter of which are 12 meters. In total, the cathedral has six domes, four of which are identical, each of which weighs 34 tons, the central one is the largest and one is on the belfry. The design has a high alloy steel frame with a strength factor from 300 to 1500 years.

Main icon.

The central icon of the Main Church of the Russian Armed Forces is the "Holy Saviour" in the main dome. The Icon of the Savior Not Made by Hands is a canonical image of the Holy Face of Jesus Christ, miraculously imprinted on a piece of material and transmitted by the Saviour himself to King Abgar V of Osroene. The face on the icon surrounds the images of the Most Holy Mother of God of Kazan, of Vladimir, of Smolensk and of Tikhvin, placed on artistic reliefs that depict significant events in the history of the Russian state. In the ark, which invariably accompanies the icon, there are eight particles of holy patrons: the great martyr George the Victorious, St. Andrew the First-Called, St. Nicholas the Wonderworker, St. Sergius of Radonezh, the great martyr Barbara, the apostle Peter, the great martyr Panteleimon the Healer, and also Fyodor Ushakov, the righteous commander of the Black Sea Fleet and one of the most revered saints in the fleet.  The image of the Savior is placed in a bronze fold and weighs about 100 kg. The icon itself without a fold has dimensions of about 98 × 84 × 10 cm.

Putin and Stalin mosaics controversy.

At the end of April 2020 photos were leaked which showed in the unfinished cathedral mosaics of Russian President Vladimir Putin, Defense Minister Sergey Shoigu and other high-ranking Russian officials, as well as Joseph Stalin. The Russian Orthodox Church initially explained the presence of mosaics featuring Putin and Stalin according to the tradition of depicting historical events – in this case, the 2014 accession of the Crimea to Russia and the Great Patriotic War (World War II). However, later it was reported that the cathedral would not have any mosaics of Putin. The Russian Orthodox Church explained that this decision was made taking into account the President's own opinion.

The Main Cathedral of the Russian Armed Forces (Cathedral of the Resurrection of Christ) () is a Patriarchal cathedral ("Патриарший собор") in honour of the Resurrection of Christ, "dedicated to the 75th anniversary of Victory in the Great Patriotic War, as well as the military feats of the Russian people in all wars", built in the Patriot Park in the Odintsovsky District, Moscow Oblast. The cathedral is built with donations and budget funds from Moscow and the Moscow Oblast. Consecration will be held as part of the celebration of the 75th anniversary of Victory in the Great Patriotic War. An exhibition dedicated to the history of the formation of the Russian state and its armed forces will be located on-site.


Accident.

The 25-year-old aircraft, a Lockheed L-100-30 Hercules, registration 7T-VHG, was operating a cargo service between Algiers-Houari Boumediene Airport and Frankfurt Airport as Flight 2208; it was flying over Italian soil at when it began descending for unknown reasons. The pilot had informed that there was an engine loss of power prior to losing contact with the Milan air traffic control while the aircraft was flying at.  The pilot was able to direct the aircraft's descent towards a sparsely populated area. It struck the ground between Milan and Parma in a village named Besurica, located in the outskirts of Piacenza. Upon impacting, the airframe broke in two. According to the "Corriere della Sera", the impact was so devastating that the wreckage of the aircraft was strewn over several kilometres, while the loud noise of the crash was heard in the city proper. The impact created a crater long and wide. The upper portion of the rudder and parts of the elevator were found and ahead of the impact point, respectively.  The aircraft narrowly avoided crashing into highly populated areas, to the extent that the mayor of Piacenza referred to the occurrence as a miracle. There were neither injuries nor property damage on the ground, but the crew of three on board lost their lives in the accident.

Investigation.

The Agenzia Nazionale per la Sicurezza del Volo (ANSV) started an inquiry, following the recovery of the cockpit voice recorder a week after the crash. The flight data recorder was also recovered, and results from its decoded ribbon showed that the aircraft was flying at cruising altitude with the autopilot engaged, that it got disengaged twelve seconds after the autopilot failure light lit, and that both directional and longitudinal control was lost moments later, with the aircraft crashing 73 seconds after the light came on. The angle and the speed of the impact were estimated to be between 45° and 50° and in the range of, respectively.

Aftermath.

Given that the aircraft flight data recorder (FDR) was a first generation one manufactured in the 1960s, it was not in compliance with ICAO regulations. The ANSV urged the Algerian Civil Aviation Authority to replace older FDRs with newest ones.

Air Algérie Flight 2208 was a cargo flight between Algiers-Houari Boumediene Airport, Algiers, Algeria, and Frankfurt Airport, Germany. On, the Lockheed L-100 operating the flight crashed in Northern Italy as a result of an autopilot malfunction. The aircraft struck the ground in a sparsely populated area after a very steep and rapid descent, narrowly avoiding crashing into a highly populated area. The crew of three on board were killed in the accident; there were no passengers, nor were there injuries or property damage on the ground.


Background.

HX 65 formed of three sections sailing from the Americas, and was to divide into two sections for the landfall in the United Kingdom. The main body, of 13 ships, departed Halifax on 12 August 1940; with ships gathered from the US eastern seaboard; it was led by convoy commodore V.Adm. BG Washington in the steamship "Harpalyce". It was accompanied by its ocean escort, the Armed Merchant Cruiser "Voltaire", and a local escort of two RCN warships. It was joined on 14 August by 16 ships from Sydney, on Cape Breton Island, also with a local escort. These had gathered from ports on the St Lawrence and the Great Lakes. On 16 August the convoy was joined by BHX 65, 22 ships from the Caribbean and South America, that had gathered at Bermuda, departing there on 11 August escorted by the armed merchant cruiser.  Ranged against HX 65 were U-boats of the German Navy's 1st, 2nd and 7th U-boat Flotillas, operating from Kiel and Wilhelmshaven.

Action.

On 22 August HX 65’s Western Approaches escort began to arrive; the destroyer and the corvette left the outbound OA 201, arriving later that day. On 24 August the destroyer and the corvette arrived from OB 201.  On the morning of 24 August tanker "La Brea" (one of two ships that had dropped out of HX 65 5 days earlier) was sighted by in the North West Approaches WNW of Rockall. She was attacked and sunk, leaving two boats of survivors in bad weather and rough seas. They made landfall in the Hebrides over the next two days.  On the evening of 24 August the convoy divided, one section (referred to in some sources as HX 65A) of 20 ships bound for Methil on Scotland’s east coast via Cape Wrath and the north of Scotland, and a second section (HX 65 B) of 22 ships bound for Liverpool.  The Methil section, led by "Harpalyce" and escorted by "Skeena" and "Godetia" was found by "U-48", which attacked during the night of 24/25 August, sinking 2 ships, "Empire Merlin" and "Athelcrest". She was counter attacked by "Godetia" but escaped without damage. Later, on the morning of 25 August the convoy was sighted twice more, by and, but the convoy had been joined by a Sunderland from Coastal Command, and both submerged on sighting the aircraft. "U-32" made a perfunctory attack, which failed. That evening the convoy was found again, by, and attacked just before midnight. "U-124" fired four torpedoes and claimed four ships sunk; the actual success was two ships sunk ("Harpalyce" and "Fircrest") and another ("Stakesby") damaged. "Harpalyce" and "Fircrest" went down quickly with heavy loss of life. "Stakesby" was abandoned, but was later salvaged by the tug "Thames" and repaired. "U-124" was counterattacked by "Godetia" and damaged when she ran onto a rock. After the corvette had left, "U-124" was unable to continue convoy operations relegated to weather reporting. Later that day the convoy was reinforced by and, two destroyers from Scapa Flow. On the evening of 26 August the convoy came under air attack near Kinnaird Head by "Luftwaffe" aircraft from occupied Norway; eight Ju 88s of KG 30 based at Aalborg. four ships were hit; one was sunk and three damaged. "Nellie" and "City of Hankow" made port safely, but "Cape York" sank under tow on the following day. Later on the night of 26/27 August a second air attack by four He 115 torpedo bombers of KuFlGr 506, based in Stavanger, hit "Remuera", which sank. The remaining 16 ships arrived at safely at Methil on 27th.  Meanwhile on 25 August the Liverpool section, led by V.Adm. Leir in "Manchester Merchant" and escorted by "Westcott", was found by which gave chase. Several tankers had fallen out of the convoy, to be chivvied by the escort, and one of these, "Pecten", was torpedoed by "U-57". The escort counter-attacked, but "U-57" escaped. This section was also reinforced on 26 August, by the sloop. No further attacks developed and the 21 ships arrived without further incident at Liverpool on 27 August.

Forces involved.

Allied forces.

Merchant ships.

Convoy information is from Arnold Hague's Convoyweb

Escort.

Escort information is from Arnold Hague's Convoyweb

Convoy HX 65 was a North Atlantic convoy of the HX series which ran during the battle of the Atlantic in World War II. It was the 65th of the numbered series of merchant convoy] run by the Allies from Halifax to Liverpool. The convoy was attacked by German U-boats and aircraft, losing eight of its 51 ships sunk and a further three damaged. One U-boat was damaged.


United States.

The United States military definition in the "Department of Defense Dictionary of Military and Associated Terms" comes from "Joint Publication 3-05.1 – Joint Special Operations Task Force Operations" (JP 3-05.1). JP 3-05.1 defines a "special mission unit" as "a generic term to represent a group of operations and support personnel from designated organizations that is task-organized to perform highly classified activities."  The U.S. government does not acknowledge which units specifically are designated as special missions units, only that they have special mission units under U.S. Special Operations Command. However, in the early 1990s then–Commander in Chief of U.S. Special Operations Command, General Carl Stiner, identified both Delta Force and SEAL Team Six as permanently assigned special missions units in congressional testimony and public statements. In 1998, Under Secretary of Defense for Policy Walter B. Slocombe publicly referred to special mission units during a briefing to the Senate Armed Services Committee: "We have designated special-mission units that are specifically manned, equipped and trained to deal with a wide variety of transnational threats" and "These units, assigned to or under the operational control of the U.S. Special Operations Command, are focused primarily on those special operations and supporting functions that combat terrorism and actively counter terrorist use of weapons of mass destruction (WMD). These units are on alert every day of the year and have worked extensively with their interagency counterparts."  So far, only four SMUs have been publicly disclosed:  Units from the Regimental Reconnaissance Company of the Army’s 75th Ranger Regiment, Special Forces, and 160th SOAR are controlled by JSOC when deployed as part of JSOC Task Forces such as Task Force 121 and Task Force 145.

Australia.

The Australian Army's website describes the elite Special Air Service Regiment as being "a special missions unit with unique capabilities within the Australian Defence Force". The Regiment is a component of Australia's Special Operations Command (SOCOMD), and is tasked with conducting "sensitive strategic operations, special recovery operations, training assistance, special reconnaissance and precision strike and direct action".  The SASR currently has four sabre squadrons, known as 1, 2, 3 and 4 Squadron. 1, 2 and 3 Squadrons rotate through the two roles performed by the Regiment; one squadron conducts the counter terrorism/special recovery (CT/SR) role, and the remaining squadrons conduct the warfighting/reconnaissance role. 4 Squadron is responsible for collecting intelligence and also supports the Australian Secret Intelligence Service.

The term Special Mission Unit or Special Missions Unit (SMU) is a term sometimes used, particularly in the United States, to describe some military Special Operations Forces. Special mission units have been involved in high-profile military operations such as the killing of Osama Bin Laden.


Premise.

Based on the story of the Chicago Seven, a group of seven defendants charged by the federal government with conspiracy, inciting to riot, and other charges related to anti-Vietnam War and countercultural protests that took place in Chicago, Illinois, on the occasion of the 1968 Democratic National Convention.

Production.

In 2007, writer Aaron Sorkin wrote a script entitled "The Trial of the Chicago 7", based on the conspiracy trial of the so-called Chicago 7. Producers Steven Spielberg, Walter F. Parkes, and Laurie MacDonald collaborated on the development of Sorkin's script, with Spielberg intending to direct the film. Sacha Baron Cohen was originally cast as Abbie Hoffman, while Spielberg approached Will Smith for the role of Bobby Seale, and planned to meet with Heath Ledger about playing Tom Hayden. The Writers Guild of America strike, which started in November 2007 and lasted 100 days, delayed filming and the project was suspended. Sorkin was later to continue to rewrite the script for Spielberg, and the director intended to mostly cast unknowns to keep the budget down. Paul Greengrass and Ben Stiller were rumored as replacement directors, but the project did not move forward.  In October 2018, Sorkin was announced as director. In December 2018, the film was put on hold due to budgetary concerns, until it was revived and ready for distribution offers. Paramount Pictures ended up picking up distribution rights.

Casting.

In October 2018, Baron Cohen and Eddie Redmayne joined the cast. In November 2018, Jonathan Majors joined the cast. In February 2019, Seth Rogen, Joseph Gordon-Levitt and Alex Sharp joined the cast. Michael Keaton was also being considered for a role. In August, Frank Langella and Mark Rylance were added to the cast. In September, Jeremy Strong was cast, replacing Rogen. In October, Yahya Abdul-Mateen II joined the cast to replace Majors, with Kelvin Harrison Jr., Keaton, William Hurt, J. C. MacKenzie, Thomas Middleditch, Max Adler and Ben Shenkman joining the cast.

Filming.

Principal production was set to begin in September 2019, but began the next month in October between Chicago and New Jersey. Filming in Morris County, New Jersey took place in Hennessy Hall, affectionately known as "The Mansion," on Fairleigh Dickinson University's Florham Campus and Hyland Hall (located within Henderson Hall), Grant Park in Chicago, and at Santa Maria at College of Saint Elizabeth.

Release.

Paramount Pictures has the film scheduled to begin a limited theatrical release on September 25, 2020, before going wide on October 16, 2020. In June 2020, it was reported Netflix was in negotiations to acquire distribution rights to the film.

The Trial of the Chicago 7 is an upcoming American crime drama film written and directed by Aaron Sorkin. The film features an ensemble cast including Sacha Baron Cohen, Eddie Redmayne, Yahya Abdul-Mateen II, Jeremy Strong, Joseph Gordon-Levitt, Alex Sharp, Thomas Middleditch, Frank Langella, William Hurt, Michael Keaton, and Mark Rylance.


Racing career.

McGriff first raced on September 16, 1945, right after racing resumed in the United States after World War II. He was the winner of the first Carrera Panamericana in 1950, where he met NASCAR founder Bill France, Sr. France convinced McGriff to come south and race in NASCAR races at Daytona Beach, the first Southern 500 race at Darlington Raceway, Detroit, and Raleigh.  France convinced McGriff to race full-time in NASCAR in 1954. He had his four wins that year in the Grand National series, the first coming at Bay Meadows Speedway. He had 17 top-10 finishes in 24 events and finished sixth in the final points standings. McGriff's average finishing position was higher than points champion Lee Petty.  McGriff had two options to choose from for the 1955 season. He was offered a ride in NASCAR to race for millionaire Carl Kiekhaefer's newly formed team. McGriff decided to return home to the West Coast to be closer to his family and to tend to his growing timber and mill business. Tim Flock drove Kiekhaefer's Chrysler 300 to 18 victories that season and the season championship.  McGriff returned to racing after not racing for around ten years. He started 41st at Riverside in 1967 and had moved up to second place by the sixth lap. He beat Ron Grable in a photo finish that day.  He became the oldest driver to win a NASCAR feature race when he won an AutoZone West Series race in 1989 at the age of 61. His 14 wins at the defunct Riverside International Raceway is the most at NASCAR-sanctioned events and he was chosen as the grand marshal for the final race at the track in 1988.  In November 1996, McGriff made the trip with several NASCAR champions, current Winston Cup, Busch Grand National and Craftsman Truck Series drivers to Japan's Suzuka Raceway for an exhibition race. He started 26th and finished 25th in what was called the NASCAR Suzuka Thunder Special.  He announced his retirement following the 2002 season.  With later starts in the Camping World/K&N Pro Series East and West, he set and broke his own records as the oldest driver in series history.  In 2018, at the age of 90, he announced plans to run the K&N West races at Tucson Speedway, and upon starting became the oldest person to contest in a race sanctioned by NASCAR.

Career awards.

McGriff was inducted in the West Coast Stock Car Hall of Fame in its first class in 2002.  He was inducted into the Motorsports Hall of Fame of America in 2006.  McGriff, who retired from driving at age 74 said, "This is fantastic, getting in the Hall of Fame, but, hey, I might not be through yet. When I turn 80 [in two years], I just might go out to a short track and show the young guys that I can still do it."

Personal life.

McGriff's son Hershel Jr. currently races Outlaw Late Models, while his granddaughter Mariah competes in the NASCAR Whelen All-American Series' Super Late Model and Pro Stock divisions.

Hershel McGriff (born December 14, 1927) is an American professional stock car racing driver. A long-time competitor in the NASCAR K&N Pro Series West, formerly known as the Winston West Series, he won the series' 1986 championship, and is also a four-time winner in Grand National competition. He most recently drove the No. 04 Toyota Camry for Bill McAnally Racing in the 2018 K&N Pro Series West.


Plot.

Once one of the best rock climbers in his college years, Yong-nam (Jo Jong-suk) is now a grown man, who is without a job and forced to live with his parents just to get by. Yong-nam is constantly reminded of this fact by his older sister Jung-hyun, who urges him to neaten up and make an impression at their mother’s upcoming 70th birthday festivities.  For his mother’s birthday, Yong-nam insists they should celebrate it at the Cloud Garden, with Yong-nam secretly knowing that his old crush and fellow ex-rock climber Eui-joo (Im Yoon-ah) is working there. Yong-nam acts surprised to see Eui-joo and in order to impress her, he lies to her and claims that he now has a successful career, much to her surprise.  However, at the same time, nearby, a toxic white gas is released from a truck close by to the Cloud Garden and quickly spreads to its immediate surroundings, causing mass pandemonium in the city. During this, Eui-joo discovers via a phone call from a close friend, that Yong-nam had lied to her about his job, and she becomes curious as to why.  Oblivious to what is happening outside, Yong-nam’s family are shocked to see the converging white gas and urged by Eui-joo, they return to the Cloud Garden but not before Jung-hyun stumbles and is quickly overwhelmed by the gas.  In order to get themselves and Jung-hyun to safety, everyone heads to the roof, but much to their horror, they discover that the door to the roof is locked. With everyone else occupied, Yong-nam proceeds to shatter a window and leap across to the adjacent building. Only equipped with a makeshift harness, Yong-nam manages to scale the Cloud Garden and reach the top of the roof, where he opens the door for his family. Once everyone is assembled on the roof, they manage to hail a passing rescue helicopter with crude SOS signals. However, Yong-nam and Eui-joo are prevented from boarding the helicopter, as their inclusion would exceed the weight limit on the helicopter gondola. Due to the rising gas, they are then forced to wrap themselves up in improvisational safety gear and leave the Cloud Garden to seek higher ground.  Once the two manage to find a suitable building, they proceed to signal to another passing helicopter. However, upon seeing a group of students trapped in a building opposite them, they redirect the helicopter to the students and away from themselves.  After failing to be rescued twice, Yong-nam and Eui-joo realise that the only way to escape the rising gas is to head towards the tower crane, the highest point in the vicinity. At the same time, they are discovered by a drone, which they use to provide directions towards the tower crane.  After running and climbing across numerous buildings, the drone finally loses power, leaving Yong-nam and Eui-joo at a dead end, as they realise that none of the surrounding buildings are close enough to get to the tower crane. Just as they begin to despair, multiple drones begin to converge towards their location, and Yong-nam is able to suspend a rope across the buildings by utilising one of them. Yong-nam and Eui-joo then attempt to swing across, but their combined weight proves too much for the drone, and the two fall, seemingly to their deaths. However, the two manage to survive the fall and reach the tower crane, from where they are eventually extracted from by a rescue helicopter.  Once on safe ground, Yong-nam tearfully reunites with the rest of his family. As Yong-nam and Eui-joo face one another to say goodbye, they agree to see each other again sometime. As they stand smiling, rainfall starts to descend, dissipating the last of the white gas from the city.

Production.

Principal photography began on August 4, 2018, and wrapped on December 12.

Release.

"Exit" was first released in South Korea on July 31, 2019.  Following this, "Exit" was then released in parts of the United States on August 2, 2019.  Overall, "Exit" was shown in at least 16 different countries which are listed below:  The film was selected as the opening film of the 4th London East Asia Film Festival, held from October 24 to November 3, 2019.

Reception.

Box office.

"Exit" was a box office success and proved to be a popular film upon its release.  Despite being released alongside The Divine Fury on July 31, "Exit" managed to take the No. 1 position at the box office on its premiere, recording an opening day total of 409, 026 admissions. "Exit" then proceeded to break the record for the fastest movie to reach 1 million moviegoers, reaching the milestone just two days after its initial release. Notably, "Exit" was only the second Korean film to maintain the No.1 spot at the box office for two successive days in 2019; the critically-acclaimed Parasite being the first such film to do so.  "Exit" maintained a high number of admission sales over the course of the week, surpassing the 2 million admissions mark and 3 million admissions mark, respectively four and six days after its release.  Over the coming weeks, "Exit" continued to attract a steady number of viewers, reaching the 9 million mark, 36 days after its release.  Eventually, "Exit" managed to accrue a total of 9,425,294 admissions nationwide, becoming the third highest-selling domestic film in South Korea for 2019, and the sixth highest-selling film for all movies screened in South Korea.  Overall, "Exit" grossed a worldwide total of US$69,501,772, of which US$67,380,750 was earned from South Korea alone.

Critical response.

The review aggregator Rotten Tomatoes reported an approval rating of 83%, with an average rating of 6/10. One of the critics, Yoon Min-sik of "The Korean Herald", described "Exit" as a “fun, action-packed film” where “for every flaw, the flick had many more enjoyable elements”, showing the potential to become ““the” summer blockbuster of the year.” Furthermore, "Exit" was praised for its incorporation of lightheartedness, described as “a new breed of disaster film that has never been seen before” and “a film to be enjoyed by all ages.”  In contrast, Carlos Aguilar of "The Los Angeles Times" was more mixed in his review, pointing towards a lack of originality of the overall story, labelling it a “trite commodity.” He commented that despite “the amusing hurdles”, "Exit" was ultimately “a simplistically digestible and ultimately predictable big-budget outing with a slight edge.”

Exit () is a 2019 South Korean disaster action comedy film, written and directed by Lee Sang-geun, and starring the likes of Jo Jong-suk and Im Yoon-ah. The film follows the story of a grown man who attempts to reconnect with an old crush, but following a chain of events, they end up trying to escape from a mysterious white gas that threatens to engulf the entire Seoul district.


Early years and education.

Huang was born in the coastal city of Tainan, Taiwan. His family immigrated to the United States and moved to Oneida, Kentucky, and then to Oregon. He graduated from Aloha High School, outside Portland.  Huang received his undergraduate degree in electrical engineering from Oregon State University in 1984, and his master's degree in electrical engineering from Stanford University in 1992.

Career.

After college he was a director at LSI Logic and a microprocessor designer at Advanced Micro Devices, Inc. (AMD). On his 30th birthday in 1993, Huang co-founded Nvidia and is the CEO and president. He owns a portion of Nvidia's stock worth about US$1.3 billion as of 2016. He earned $24.6 million as CEO in 2007, ranking him as the 61st highest paid U.S. CEO by "Forbes".

Philanthropy.

Huang gave his alma mater Stanford University US$30 million to build the Jen-Hsun Huang School of Engineering Center. The building is the second of four that make up Stanford's Science and Engineering Quad. It was designed by Bora Architects of Portland, Oregon. Huang gave his alma mater Oneida Baptist Institute $2 million to build Huang Hall, a new girls' dormitory and classroom building.  In 2007, Huang was the recipient of the Silicon Valley Education Foundation's Pioneer Business Leader Award for his work in both the corporate and philanthropic worlds.

Awards.

In 1999, Jensen Huang was named Entrepreneur of the Year in High Technology by Ernst & Young.  In 2003, Huang received the Dr. Morris Chang Exemplary Leadership Award, which recognizes a leader who has made exceptional contributions to driving the development, innovation, growth, and long-term opportunities of the fabless semiconductor industry, from the Fabless Semiconductor Association. He was also a National Finalist for the EY Entrepreneur of the Year Award in 2003 and was an Award Recipient for the Northern California region in 1999.  Additionally, Huang is a recipient of the Daniel J. Epstein Engineering Management Award from the University of Southern California and was named an Alumni Fellow by Oregon State University.  Huang was awarded an honorary doctorate from Oregon State University at the June 13, 2009, commencement ceremony.  In 2018, Huang was listed in the inaugural "EDGE 50", naming the world's top 50 influencers in edge computing.

Personal life.

While at Oregon State, Huang met his future wife, Lori, his engineering lab partner at the time. Huang has two children. He is said to be a cousin of AMD CEO Lisa Su, but this has been dismissed by her. Politically, when asked about the election of Donald Trump, Huang stated that he favors a more liberal government and hoped that "the institution of the United States will continue to support diversity, be mindful of tolerance, and hopefully help us to not forget that there are people in every part of our country that we need to bring along."

Jen-Hsun "Jensen" Huang (; born February 17, 1963) is a Taiwanese-born American billionaire businessman and electrical engineer. He co-founded the graphics-processor company Nvidia in 1993 and has been its president and chief executive officer (CEO) since inception. Huang graduated from Oregon State University before moving to California. He earned a master's degree from Stanford University. In 2008, "Forbes" listed him as the 61st highest paid CEO in a list of U.S. CEOs and one of the wealthiest Asian Americans.


Career.

Political satire.

War Drags You Out.

War Drags You Out is a series of digital illustrations depicting prominent political and religious figures as drag queens. The project was shared on January 2014, and it is the first to be published under the pseudonym Saint Hoax. The artist received multiple death threats shortly after publishing the project due to his inclusion of King Abdullah of Saudi Arabia and Osama bin Laden in the series. The depiction of the late king and bin Laden offended religious extremists and made the artist a target for criticism and death threats. Some of the threats were publicly shared on Hoax's social media accounts, others were sent directly to his email address. However, the project was well received by the media and praised as a strong political commentary.

Social awareness.

Happy Never After.

In 2014, Saint Hoax published their campaign Happy Never After. The artist used images of Disney princesses to spread awareness about domestic violence. The princesses were illustrated with bruises on their faces and a slogan that read "When did he stop treating you like a princess?" accompanied the visuals. Hours after the posters were published on the artist's website, the campaign went viral. Happy Never After became one of the most shared domestic violence campaign. In November 2014, it was used as the official anti-domestic violence campaign in Amsterdam.

Once Upon A War.

In March 2016, Saint Hoax visited a Syrian refugee camp in Akkar, Lebanon and photographed Syrian girls dressed as Disney princesses. This was a collaborative project with Plastik Magazine, Beirut based visual magazine, and MALAAK, an Akkar-based NGO that builds schools for Syrian refugees and provides aid. The proceeds of the project went directly to MALAAK.

Social Media.

Saint Hoax uses social media, particularly Instagram, as their main platform. They’re mostly known for posting edited videos and images that satirize political and pop cultural figures.

Saint Hoax is a pseudonymous Syrian artist, satirist and socio-political activist. They use various mediums to subversively depict political and popular figures. They're also known for taking Disney characters out of context and using them for social awareness.


Career.

Peng earned a degree in business administration in 1994 from Hangzhou Institute of Commerce, which was later renamed as Zhejiang Gongshang University. Following her graduation, she taught at the Zhejiang University of Finance and Economics for five years. Peng quit teaching shortly after marrying, and with her husband (who would later run Taobao, Alibaba's eBay reminiscent marketplace) joined Jack Ma in founding Alibaba in September 1999. They were one of the many husband and wife teams making up the 1/3rd ratio of women amongst Alibaba's founding partners that the company would later become positively praised for.  Her early responsibilities with the company involved managing the HR department of Alibaba, which she herself created. During this period, one of her notable accomplishments is developing the "mom and pop" model at Alibaba, in which one "mom" focused on teamwork and motivation, while one "pop" handled performance assessments.  From January 2010 to February 2013, Peng was the CEO of Alipay. Alipay became the most successful payment gateway within China under her management, expanding to over 800 million users as of 2014. As of the end of 2014, it was valued at around $60 billion.  In March 2013, Peng took over as CEO of Alibaba Small and Micro Financial Services. There, she made significant progress in searching for innovations in the mobile payments system.  In 2013, Peng's name was frequently floated by the Chinese press as a candidate for Alibaba's next CEO. However, another executive eventually got the job.  In 2014, Peng founded Ant Financial Services Group. In September 2015, Alibaba and Ant Financial together took a combined 40% stake in Indian mobile wallet operator Paytm, placing Peng as a member of its board of directors In 2016, Ant Financial broke the record for the world's largest private fundraising found for an internet company at $4.5 billion, placing the company at an approximately $60 billion valuation.  She also served as chief people officer, the chief human resources officer for Alibaba Group for over 10 years. In this position, she oversaw the approximately 35,000 employees under Alibaba.  Peng became a billionaire in 2014 based on Alibaba's valuation prior to its record-setting IPO.

Personal life.

Three years after she began teaching, Peng married Sun Tongyu. She later divorced him for a short period, but then remarried him.  Porter Erisman, in his 2012 documentary Crocodile in the Yangtze about Alibaba's early years, described Peng as "a funny and down-to-earth" leader.

Accomplishments.

As of 2016, Peng was listed as the 35th most powerful woman in the world by "Forbes", #35 on their list of Power Women for 2016, and #17 on their list of Asia Power Women for 2016.  In 2015, she was ranked as the third richest woman in the tech sector by Wealth-X, and the #11 Most Powerful Woman in Asia by Fortune.

Peng Lei ( born 1972/73), also known as Lucy Peng, is a Chinese billionaire businesswoman. She is one of the founders of the e-commerce company Alibaba Group. As of March 2017, Peng was one of 21 self-made women billionaires in China.


Early life and education.

Born Robert Ray Redfield Jr. on July 10, 1951, Redfield's parents were both scientists at the National Institutes of Health; Redfield's career in medical research was influenced by this background. Redfield attended Georgetown University, and at college worked in Columbia University laboratories where investigations focused on the involvement of retroviruses in human disease.  Redfield earned a Bachelor of Science from the university's College of Arts and Sciences in 1973. He then attended Georgetown University School of Medicine, and was awarded his Doctor of Medicine in 1977.

Career.

Army medical service.

Redfield's medical residency was undertaken at the Walter Reed Army Medical Center (WRAMC) in Washington, D.C., where he completed his postgraduate medical training and internships in internal medicine (1978-1980), as a U.S. Army officer. Redfield completed clinical and research fellowships at WRAMC, in infectious diseases and tropical medicine, by 1982.  Redfield continued as a U.S. Army physician and medical researcher at the WRAMC for the next decade, working in the fields of virology, immunology and clinical research. During this period he collaborated with numerous teams at the forefront of AIDS research, publishing several papers and acting as an advocate for strategies to translate knowledge gained from clinical studies to the practical treatment of patients afflicted by chronic viral diseases. In 1996, Redfield retired from the army as a colonel, to concentrate on setting up a multidisciplinary research organization dedicated to developing research and treatment programs for chronic human viral infection and disease. To this end, he co-founded the Institute of Human Virology based at Maryland, together with his HIV research colleague Robert Gallo and viral epidemiologist William Blattner.

Academic positions.

Redfield served as a tenured professor of medicine and microbiology at University of Maryland, Baltimore, chief of infectious disease, vice chair of medicine, and a co-founder and associate director of the Institute of Human Virology at the University of Maryland School of Medicine. Redfield is known for his contributions in this period—in clinical research, in particular, for extensive research into the virology and therapeutic treatments of HIV infection and AIDS. In the early years of investigations into the AIDS pandemic in the 1980s, Redfield led research that demonstrated that the HIV retrovirus could be heterosexually transmitted. He also developed the staging system now in use worldwide for the clinical assessment of HIV infection. Under his clinical leadership at the University of Maryland the patient base grew from just 200 patients to approximately 6,000 in Baltimore and Washington, D.C., and more than 1.3 million in African and Caribbean nations. Under his research leadership his clinical research team successfully competed for and won over 600 million dollars of research funding.

CDC leadership.

Redfield has served as the director of the CDC since March 26, 2018. In his inaugural address to the CDC Redfield said "[The agency is] science-based and data-driven, and that's why CDC has the credibility around the world that it has.” He was nominated for the post by President Donald Trump, after the President's first appointee resigned in scandal. His nomination was considered controversial, and was opposed by the Center for Science in the Public Interest, which cited Redfield's lack of experience administering a public health agency, his history of scientific misconduct, and his religious advocacy in response to a public health crisis. "Mother Jones" refers to his advocacy of a religious agenda in response to the AIDS crisis  The first confirmed case of COVID-19 was discovered in the US on January 20, 2020, while Redfield was serving as director of the CDC. Redfield testified to Congress on March 2, 2020, about the outbreak of COVID-19 in the US. Given the lack of testing on patients and healthcare workers requesting testing, Florida Democrat Debbie Wasserman Schultz asked Redfield about who was responsible to ensure testing could be performed on individuals who needed to be tested. Redfield could not name a specific individual and looked to Dr. Anthony Fauci, director of infectious disease at the NIH, who said, "The system is not geared to what we need right now... that is a failing."  Public health reporter Laurie Garrett opined, "Redfield is about the worst person you could think of to be heading the CDC at this time. He lets his prejudices interfere with the science, which you cannot afford during a pandemic."

Awards and service.

Redfield has received several awards over the course of his career as a physician-scientist, including an honorary degree from the New York Medical College, a lifetime services award from the Institute for Advanced Studies in Immunology and Aging, and the Surgeon General's Physician Recognition Award. In 2012, along with William Blattner, he was named entrepreneur of the year at the University of Maryland. In 2016 he was named the inaugural Robert C. Gallo, MD Endowed Professors in Translational Medicine.  Redfield also served as a member of the President's Advisory Council on HIV/AIDS from 2005 to 2009, and was appointed as chair of the International Subcommittee from 2006 to 2009. He is a past member of the Office of AIDS Research Advisory Council at the National Institutes of Health, the Fogarty International Center Advisory Board at the National Institutes of Health, and the Advisory Anti-Infective Agent Committee of the Food and Drug Administration.

Controversies.

HIV vaccine research.

In 1992, the Defense Department investigated Redfield after he was accused of misrepresenting the effects of an experimental HIV vaccine, the study of which he had overseen.  On the basis of this data, in 1992, the U.S. Senate gave a $20 million appropriation for a private company, MicroGeneSys, to develop a therapeutic HIV vaccine based on the protein gp160, which went into clinical trials. Randy Shilts, author of "And The Band Played On," wrote that the idea of a therapeutic vaccine was a radical idea that came to Redfield while reading his children a book about Louis Pasteur which he then discussed with Jonas Salk who was in support. At the time a U.S. Army Lieutenant Colonel, Redfield was the army's leading AIDS researcher, and a proponent of the vaccine.  In July 1992, Redfield gave an abstract presentation on the vaccine at the international AIDS conference in Amsterdam. Based on preliminary results of 15 of the 26 patients who got the vaccine, Redfield said that the viral load of patients getting the vaccine was lower than patients who did not get the vaccine. Most researchers believe that viral load is a good indicator of vaccine effectiveness. The vaccine later turned out to be ineffective. Many researchers, however, were skeptical of the data, and were unable to reproduce Redfield's analysis. US Air Force scientist Major Craig Hendrix, MD (now at Johns Hopkins) said that Redfield committed scientific misconduct by selecting data that were favorable to the vaccine.  In 1993, a U.S. Army investigation acknowledged accuracy issues with the HIV vaccine clinical trials, but concluded that their investigations "did not support the allegations of scientific misconduct", and he was subsequently promoted to colonel. Redfield is quoted in "Big Shot: Passion, Politics, and the Struggle for an AIDS Vaccine," the comprehensive book on the controversy, as saying of his accusers, "I am disappointed in the institutions for not holding the individuals accountable for what I consider conduct unbecoming of an officer."  Redfield continued studies of the gp160 vaccine; the results of the 27-author phase II clinical trial were published in the "Journal of Infectious Disease" in 2000, concluding that the vaccine was ineffective, with Deborah L. Birx as lead author. Redfield's multi-site study was a collaboration between the Department of Defense and the National Institutes of Health, The work did not, however, result in an effective vaccine.

HIV interventions.

The 1993 investigation did say that Redfield had an "inappropriate" close relationship with the non-governmental group "Americans for a Sound AIDS/HIV Policy" (ASAP), which promoted the gp160 vaccine. The group was founded by evangelical Christians that worked to contain the HIV/AIDS outbreak by advocating for abstinence before marriage, rather than passing out condoms — a view Redfield says he's since changed.  Redfield served on the board of ASAP, which gay groups criticized for anti-gay, conservative Christian policies, such as abstinence-only prevention. Redfield also authored the foreword to the book co-written by ASAP leader W. Shepard Smith, "Christians in the Age of AIDS" which discouraged the distribution of sterile needles to drug users as well as condom use calling them "false prophets." The book described AIDS as "God's judgment" against homosexuals. At the time of his nomination to head the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Redfield maintained close ties with those who disagree with the homosexual lifestyle and anti-HIV activists, although he has publicly supported the use of condoms and denied ever promoting abstinence-only interventions. However, in the 2000s, Redfield was a prominent advocate for the "ABCs of AIDS" doctrine which promoted abstinence primarily and condoms only a last resort.

CDC director's salary.

In 2018, after Redfield was appointed to the CDC, Democrats and watchdog groups criticized his $375,000-a-year salary, which was significantly higher than the $219,700 salary of his predecessor, Tom Frieden, and higher than that of his own boss, Alex Azar, the Secretary of Health and Human Services (and former president of a division of Eli Lilly).  Azar and the head of the FDA had taken significant pay cuts on moving into government service, but their salaries are set by Congress while the salary of the CDC director is not. Within a few days, Redfield asked for and received a pay reduction to $209,700 from $375,000 because "[he] did not want his compensation to become a distraction from the important work of the CDC."

Coronavirus data.

On 6 April 2020, Redfield stated on AM 1030 KVOI Radio in Tucson, Arizona, “[t]hose models that were done, they assume only about 50 percent of the American public would pay attention to the recommendations. In fact, what we’re seeing is a large majority of the American public are taking the social distancing recommendations to heart. And I think that’s the direct consequence of why you’re seeing the numbers are going to be much, much, much lower than would have been predicted by the models.".  On 21 May 2020, The Atlantic Magazine reported on the intentional conflation of the viral and antibody testing results that the CDC, under Redfield's leadership, has been compiling data on since the beginning of the year. This conflation of the tests' results has led to misrepresentations in the media and in public opinion of the current state of the virus's spread. Several states have now also adopted this approach for reporting on the number of tests given and their results, and they've used those faulty, unscientific statistics to aid in the planning for reopening their states.

Personal life.

Redfield is married to Joyce Hoke, whom he met while delivering babies as a medical student when she was a nursing assistant. They have six children and nine grandchildren.

References.

Notes Bibliography

Robert Ray Redfield Jr. (born July 10, 1951) is an American virologist. He is the current Director of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, and the current Administrator of the Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry, having served in both positions since March 2018.


Series overview.

In Silver Lake, Los Angeles, Cal (Kit Williamson) learns that Thom (Van Hansis), his boyfriend of four years, has been cheating on him with Jeremy (Matthew McKelligon). Though upset, Cal decides that he does not want to end the relationship. However, Cal also cheats with Jeremy. Though he intends to tell Thom about the affair, he does not. At the same time, Cal's best friend Kathy (Constance Wu) and her boyfriend Ian (John Halbach) reach their six-month anniversary, marking the relationship as Kathy's longest but Ian's shortest.

Soundtrack.

The music of EastSiders is as diverse a representation of LGBTQ identities as the characters in the show. From Blake Lewis, Xiu Xiu and Adore Delano, to Logan Lynn, Nelly Furtado and Little Brutes, the soundtrack across all four seasons features a mix of queer artists and allies, spanning all musical genres.

Episodes.

The first two episodes were released through YouTube on December 14, 2012, and December 21, 2012. On April 2, 2013, Logo TV announced that it secured the rights to stream the series. The first two episodes were posted to the network's website on April 19, 2013, with the remaining episodes beginning a weekly release schedule starting April 22, 2013. Wolfe Video acquired worldwide digital and DVD rights to the feature film cut of the first season on January 15, 2014. It was released on DVD and digital download on August 12, 2014. It also became available through iTunes.  The second series premiered on September 15, 2015 with the simultaneous release of its first three episodes on Vimeo's on demand service. At the time the series would release exclusively through Vimeo until October 3, 2015, on which release on other digital platforms and on DVD.

Production.

After the initial two episodes aired, the remaining seven were funded through crowdfunding via Kickstarter. The campaign began on January 7, 2013 and met its goal $15,000 four days later on January 11, 2013. The campaign closed on February 6, 2013, with $25,785 raised. The series launched a second Kickstarter campaign to fund the second season on April 14, 2014, with a goal of $125,000; the campaign closed on May 19, 2014, with $153,170 raised.  The series is filmed on location in Silver Lake, Los Angeles.

Reception.

After the release of the first two episodes, "The Daily Dot" described the series as "charming, sharply written, and well-acted," specifically praising Guarino and Wu, and felt that the future of the series was "promising." "Next Magazine" also felt that the first two episodes were "top-notch", especially as it noted "the demographic [depicting the lives of young gay men] is still pretty unrepresented when it comes to well-produced series," and included the first season Kickstarter among those it recommended for backing. IndieWire recommended the series, because it was "giving Logo the kind of soap opera they should have on-air." "NewMediaRockstars" felt that the first season was met positively because fans "were eager for a quality series that portrayed realistic LGBT relationships without making sexual orientation the characters' defining feature."

Awards and nominations.

The first season was nominated for a 2013 Satellite Award for Original Short-Form Program. "LA Weekly" awarded the series a 2013 Web Award for Best Web Series – Drama. It won the 2013 Indie Series Award for Best Ensemble and was nominated for five others. In 2016, "EastSiders" received a Daytime Emmy Award nomination for Outstanding Digital Daytime Drama Series, and Hansis was nominated for Outstanding Actor in a Digital Daytime Drama Series for portraying Thom. The series also received ten Indie Series Award nominations in 2016, including Best Web Series – Drama, and won for Best Ensemble – Drama.

EastSiders is an American dark comedy web series created by Kit Williamson. It premiered on YouTube on December 14, 2012, and began streaming through Logo TV's website on April 23, 2013. Set in Silver Lake, Los Angeles, the series follows couple Thom (Van Hansis) and Cal (Williamson) as they struggle with infidelity and substance abuse. It also explores the relationship between Kathy (Constance Wu), Cal's best friend, and her boyfriend Ian (John Halbach) as they reach their six-month anniversary, making it Kathy's longest relationship.


Pakistani cricket team in India in 1960–61

Background.

Writing for "The Indian Express" cricketer Abdul Hafeez Kardar who played for both India and Pakistan maintained that if Pakistan "does well in the first two test matches", they would go on to win the series. He felt that the visiting side had the "strongest batting power house ever to be sent out" by Pakistan and that Hanif Mohammad, "the most matured opener of the game", would the main "hurdle" for India.

Squads.

The Indian squad for the series was announced on 30 November 1960. Rajasthan's all-rounder Rusi Surti was the only new inclusion in the squad. Vijay Manjrekar and Subhash Gupte made their comeback to the squad after a year. It was reported that the Pakistan squad would be announced only an hour before commencement of the First Test. To their squad announced before the First test, Ijaz Butt, Shujauddin Butt, Mohammad Munaf and Intikhab Alam were added for the first-class game against Central Zone.

Test series.

1st Test.

Pakistan won the toss and elected to bat first on what was described as a pitch without the "usual grass" on it while staying "firm" and with "little dew".

2nd Test.

The Indian team selectors made changes to the squad following the First Test; wicket-keeper Naren Tamhane, V. M. Muddiah, Salim Durani were included in place of Pankaj Roy, Nana Joshi and Ajit Wadekar. The Pakistani side included Alimuddin.

3rd Test.

Leading up to the Third Test, pacer Surendranath was included in the Indian squad while Pankaj Roy was dropped. Pakistan made one change in the team that played the Second Test; Intikhab Alam replaced Alimuddin. A "grassy wicket" aiding bowlers, both seamers and spinners, was expected before the game.

4th Test.

The Indian selectors included Datta Gaekwad and Baloo Gupte in place of Abbas Ali Baig, Bapu Nadkarni and Subhash Gupte after the Third Test. Further, following the first-class game between Pakistan and Indian Board President's XI, wicket-keeper Budhi Kunderan and Vijay Mehra were added to the squad. Showers were predicted on the day one of the Test following intermittent rains on the day preceding the game.

5th Test.

In the Indian side that played the Fourth Test and the squad, Datta Gaekwad, Surendranath, Baloo Gupte and Naren Tamhane were replaced with Indrajitsinhji, Prakash Poddar, Bapu Nadkarni and Vaman Kumar for the Fifth.

Broadcast.

The series was aired on All India Radio for Indian listeners. For the Second Test the Maharajkumar of Vizianagram, Devraj Puri and V. K. Chakrapani served as commentators, while for the Fourth Test, the Maharaja was accompanied by Pearson Surita and P. Ananda Rau, and Pakistan's Omar Kureishi as the guest commentator.

The Pakistan national cricket team toured India in the winter of 1960–61. They played five Test matches against the India national cricket team, and also played against several local Indian squads.