Synopsis.

Chicken (Jordan Chan) is set to marry the daughter of a Japanese yakuza boss (Sonny Chiba). When Chicken is set up, his old pals return to clear his name.

Plot.

The story starts with Chan Ho-Nam (Ekin Cheng) still being paranoid about the horrific death and his relationship with Smartie (Gigi Lai) which constantly gives him nightmares. After having Mei Ling (Shu Qi) hinting that she wants to marry Ho-Nam, Ho-Nam shown little to no reaction due to the fear of losing another loved ones. That night, Ho-Nam goes to his pub only to be noticed that Chicken (Jordan Chan) was set up by Taiwan's San Leun Triad to be married into a Yakuza family as a political marriage. At that wedding day at Japan, Ho-Nam met with Akira Kusakari (Roy Cheung), the Yakuza leader's adopted son. At the wedding venue, Hung Hing's attending members were met by Chicken's cousin and one of the district leader the Taiwanese gang San Leun, Koh Chi-Wah (Blackie Ko) who then introduced to the son of San Leun's dragonhead, Lui Fu-Kawn (Peter Ho) and after the meeting, the wedding start and ended in hilarity.  After the wedding, Hung Hing's attending members like Ben-Hon (Vincent Wan) and Sister 13 (Sandra Ng) followed Chi-Wah to a restaurant to celebrate. Out of happiness for his cousin and the recent victory of Chen Shui-bian as the new Taiwanese president, he over enthusiastically sang a Hokkien song which irate a bunch of Chinese nationals behind the group which soon turned into a brawl with the Chinese splashing tea on Chi-Wah. Chicken and Akira stopped the brawl in time and the next day, Chiang Tin-Yeung (Alex Man) finally met Ichio Kusakari (Sonny Chiba) and Ichio discussed about a tripartite alliance between them, Hung Hing and San Leun but Chiang announces his retirement to return to Thailand and declares that his position and all affairs of Hung Hing will be passed on to Ho-Nam. Hearing of Chiang's plans for retirement, Ichio too thought of retiring and leaving the business to the younger generation where he picked Chicken as his successor. After the meeting, Ichio praised Hung Hing's members for their strength and agility and curiously asked if they knew anything about Kendo. Chiang jokingly told Ichio that he may pass some knowledge to them where soon, a Kendo match was held and Ho-Nam took the plate and fought Ichio. Ichio managed to initially beat Ho-Nam by disarming him. Not be seen as a loser or a weakling, Ho-Nam used his countless battle skills on the streets of Hong Kong into good use by tying his weapon to his hand and fought mostly single-handedly as he is accustomed to and forced Ichio into a draw. Back in Taiwan, San Leun was also having a meeting to talk about the new leadership of the gang. Fu-Kwan denied the request to be the new dragonhead as his long period of stay in the US has made him unfamiliar with Taiwan despite being Taiwanese so Chi-Wah recommended Chicken due to his contribution to the gang but Chicken himself also denied the request as he had no ambitions to be the dragonhead and stated that "Picking a dragonhead shouldn't be about his nationality or whether he's a Taiwanese or can he speak Min-Nan language but more of courage and tenacity". Due to the constant rejection from another gang leader to appoint Chicken as the new suggested dragonhead, Chi-Wah again nearly came up to brawl with the other person. A few days later had passed and Fu-Kwan was met with an accident. As the dispute about the new San Leun's leadership contention wasn't settled, Chicken was instantly blamed for causing the crash but as he arrived at the hospital after receiving the news, he declared he's not the one to do it and Fu-Kwan believes him. Despite the infighting, Chicken was brought to a meeting with an old Taiwanese mafia boss who told the present that the situation is changing and the new government wants nothing but for the gangsters to cooperate with them. Chicken went to ask a veteran gang leader on his views. After that, both Chicken and Chi-Wah went to a karaoke lounge to have fun and a bunch of girls flirted with them. Suddenly, a girl that was on top of Chicken took out a dagger and tried to stab at Chicken, who saw the dagger, fought her off and both guys flee the lounge. Both fled towards a road but found both sides to be surrounded by gangsters of unknown origin and the two guys instantly fought their way out. However, Chi-Wah blocked the gangsters off for Chicken to run away only for him to be hit in the head and laying on the ground with Chicken fighting to get him out but failed and saw Chi-Wah being beaten to death while being extricated. At the same time, Nanako (Anya Wu), Chicken's wife, was alone at home and Akira came to visit drunk. While Nanako was taking care of him, he professed that he had always loved Nanako but it was his father's mistake to not let them be together and forcefully raped Nanako.  While taking care of his still-shaken wife, Chicken's buddies, Ho-Nam and friends, came to Taiwan to find out what was happening. Knowing how the current politics is useless and in disarray and his support, Chi-Wah, dead, Ho-Nam declares his full support for Chicken together with Dai-Tau/Big Head (Chin Kar-Lok) and Pou-Pan (Jerry Lamb). However, Chicken told Ho-Nam not to worry as he'll settle his own issue and their arrival to support him had already made him happy. Ho-Nam then went to meet Mei Ling who was shopping. She's late due to buying a watch for Ho-Nam but with Ho-Nam passing the watch back to her, in a fit of anger, she storms off and at the corner of his eye, he saw a girl that looked very much like Smartie. Curious, he followed her to her workplace at an kindergarten and both had a chat and learnt that her name is Rong Yu and she's also from Hong Kong and both became friends. At the safehouse where Chicken was hiding, his underling noticed a bunch of cars approaching the house and in a panic, shouted that their under attack. Whilst preparing for an ambush, it turned out that the "unknown personal" was Ichio sitting on a wheelchair who came to look for Nanako and Chicken. After comforting Nanako, Ichio explained to Chicken that Akira was a traitor who sold the Yakuza's evil deeds to the police and Akira was the cause of his disability. Vowing for vengeance for both Ichio and Nanako, Chicken promises to kill Akira. At the meantime, Fu-Kwan was released from hospital and it was revealed that the assassination attempt on Chicken and Chi-Wah was all along orchestrated by Fu-Kwan to rid Chicken from San Leun. Ho-Nam then met with Fu-Kwan who questioned San Leun's internal conflict and their intentions on dealing with Chicken. Fu-Kwan, again lied and said that he had never doubted Chicken to be the one that caused him to be hospitalized but directly after Ho-Nam left the meeting, it was shown that both Akira and Fu-Kwan had always been working with each other in getting rid of Chicken. Ho-Nam then went to meet with Rong Yu and Mei Ling, who had always sensed that Ho-Nam was odd, followed him in the shadows and noticed both Rong Yu and Ho-Nam together. Mei Ling then followed Rong Yu back to the kindergarten where she voiced her displeasure about her relationship to Rong Yu.  At the funeral of another contender of the leadership of San Luen (The one that had bad blood and gave advice to Chicken earlier in the show), things escalate out of control when Chicken entered the funeral hall and the whole of San Luen mobbing him. To control the situation, Ho-Nam took out a pistol and fired warning shots in the air. At the same time, Ichio entered the hall and declared that till Chicken is deemed the traitor, his life will be in Ichio's hands and if Chicken is found guilty, he will end Chicken's life himself. After the funeral, Chicken and Hung Hing's other members discuss plans on crippling Fu-Kwan's rising power. Knowing that he's already aligned himself with the new government and had planned to rename San Leun something else, they estimated that attacking Fu-Kwan head-on will be suicidal due to his ties with the government. During Chen Shui-bian's inauguration day, Fu-Kwan gave a speech on his ambitions of incorporating all gangs in Taiwan into an umbrella cooperation and plans to combine both Chi-Wah's "Black Panther Gang" and Chicken's "Venom Snake Gang" into a new entity with Akira at the helm. Chicken and the whole of Hung Hing bursts into the arena and Chicken declared Fu-Kwan the betrayer of San Leun with a traitor spilling out that the assassinations that had happened were all plotted by Fu-Kwan. With his family in Hung Hing's hands (The ploy Hung Hing came out with to threaten Fu-Kwan's power), the strategist of the gang had no choice but to spill the beans that what Chicken and the traitor who accused Fu-Kwan was right as everything that's happening to San Leun was done by Fu-Kwan. Soon after, the official who negotiated with Fu-Kwan also declared that the deal between San Leun and the government is off due to the ridiculous request of Fu-Kwan. Sensing defeat, Fu-Kwan slowly backs away from the crowd only to pull a pistol and firing a few rounds before fleeing with Akira. Ho-Nam and the rest gave chase. Akira nearly escaped but only to land himself in a hall where Ichio was waiting with Chicken for him. Surrounded by both ends, Akira instantly acts pitiful and asks for forgiveness. However, Ichio was having none of it and threw Akira a Wakizashi to commit hara-riki but instead of using it on himself, he flipped the dagger towards Ichio only to be disarmed by Ichio himself and dropped the dagger. Chicken then promptly took the dagger and stabbed Akira to death. At the same time, Ho-Nam was still chasing Fu-Kwan and both of them were driving themselves into a head-on collision. Both were not injured and soon climbed on top of their cars and continued fighting. Ho-Nam beats him easily but Fu-Kwan again draws his pistol on Ho-Nam. Ho-Nam, having no fear, inches closer to Fu-Kwan's barrel and few seconds later, the police arrives to arrest Fu-Kwan.  The story ends with Ichio thanking the Taiwanese official for his assistance and revealed that Ichio himself can actually speak Mandrin all along.

Born to Be King () is a 2000 Hong Kong crime film directed by Andrew Lau. It is the sixth and final sequel to the "Young and Dangerous" film series.


Biography.

Ashoona was born in 1961 in Cape Dorset (Kinngait), Nunavut to a family of celebrated artists. Her father Kiugak Ashoona was a sculptor, her mother Sorosilooto Ashoona was a graphic-artist and her grandmother Pitseolak Ashoona was one of the most acclaimed Inuit artists of her generation. She is also related to artists Napachie Pootoogook, her aunt, and Annie Pootoogook, her cousin, with whom she was selected to participate in "Oh, Canada" a showcase of contemporary Canadian artists curated by Denise Markonish and held at the Massachusetts Museum of Contemporary Art in May 2012. Ashoona attended high school in Iqaluit, but soon returned to the Cape Dorset region with her daughter, living with her family at outposts like Luna Bay and Kangiqsualujjuaq. This experience informs her detailed, animate drawings of Inuit Nunangat. The Ashoona family returned to town in the late 1980s, which is when Shuvinai began visiting Kinngait Studios. There her style was influenced by her aunts and fellow studio members Napachie Pootoogook and Mayoreak Ashoona, as well as Kenojuak Ashevak.

Artistic career.

Ashoona's drawings are sometimes rooted in nature, but other times drawn from imagination, creating a claustrophobic, dense effect. Recurring images include the egg shape; the kudlik, a stone oil lamp; and the ulu; historical images or events occasionally appear, like the "Nascopie", a supply ship which brought goods and people to Cape Dorset until its sinking in 1947. Setting Ashoona's work apart from the Inuit artists before her is a reflection of the blending of modern and traditional life in Nunavut.  Her first drawings in the Kinngait Studios archives — the internationally renowned printmaking studio founded by the West Baffin Eskimo Cooperative in 1959 — date from around 1993. Her early works were small, detailed, monochromatic landscape drawings, often depicting rocky, sparsely populated terrains from aerial perspectives. Ashoona's monochromes are densely rendered, stunningly intricate compositions in ink and black fineliner. These landscapes were partly realistic in depicting detailed topography around Cape Dorset (Kinngait) and partly fantasy, for example, elements such as stairs that emerge as land formations yet lead nowhere. In sharp contrast to the work of other Cape Dorset artists, these landscape views were largely devoid of human activity and were also unusual in their introspective quality, seemingly to mirror an interior world while illustrating an exterior one. Because of her painstaking drawing process, it took several years to develop a body of work substantial enough for exhibition. Although two small etchings were included in the 1997 annual Cape Dorset print collection, her first major exhibition was "Three Women, Three Generations: Drawings by Pitseolak Ashoona, Napatchie Pootoogook and Shuvinai Ashoona" at the McMichael Canadian Art Collection in Kleinburg, Ontario. One of six works from this period acquired by the National Gallery of Canada, "Rock Landscape" was also featured in the CBC radio series All in a Day (One Treasure at a Time) in 2003.  She began using colour in her drawings in the early 2000s, portraying human figures, their shelters, and tools within graphic, imposing topographies, like in the work "Composition (Sewage Truck)" (2007-8) in the Samuel and Esther Sarick Collection of the Art Gallery of Ontario. Throughout her career the internal cosmology of her works has become more pronounced, with eggs, card suits, globes, and snatches of text surfacing over and over. Her collaborative work (with John Noestheden), "Earth and Sky" is a gigantic banner that debuted at Art Basel in 2009 in an installation complex called "Stadthimmel ("Citysky")." It was also exhibited at the 2012 Biennale of Sydney "All Our Relations," and at the Justina M. Barnicke Gallery at the University of Toronto, paired with the Toronto-based artist Shary Boyle. Boyle and Ashoona went on to collaborate on the 2015 travelling exhibition "Universal Cobra", building collaborative fantasy worlds, sharing space on the paper.  In roughly 2009 Ashoona began working with a motif of worlds, drawing human, animal, and hybrid figures interacting with blue and green planets within fantastical settings, as exhibited in "Shuvinai's World(s)" at Feheley Fine Arts in Toronto, September 2012. She has exhibited frequently with Feheley Fine Arts and Marion Scott Gallery in Vancouver.  "Mapping Worlds," a survey of work by Shuvinai Ashoona, was organized and presented by The Power Plant gallery (Toronto) in 2019. Described as her first major solo museum exhibition, "Mapping Worlds" continues to circulate in 2020, including at the Leonard and Bina Ellen Art Gallery at Concordia University (Montréal) and at the Vancouver Art Gallery. Beyond Canada, "Holding on to Universes," an exhibition of her lesser known work is being presented in 2020 at the Glasgow Centre for Contemporary Arts in Scotland.  Ashoona is the subject of a short documentary film titled "Ghost Noise" (2010), directed by Marcia Connolly and had the song "Midnight Sun" dedicated to her by musician Kevin Hearn, who she painted a guitar for.  Shuvinai Ashoona was awarded the 2018 Gershon Iskowitz Prize for her outstanding contribution to the visual arts in Canada.

Shuvinai Ashoona (born August 1961) is an Inuk artist who works primarily in drawing. She is known for her detailed pen and pencil drawings depicting northern landscapes and contemporary Inuit life.


Career at Adidas.

Dassler joined his father's firm in 1960 and founded an Adidas affiliate in Alsace that later became the dominant sporting goods manufacturer in France. Among Dassler's achievements was the founding of the Arena line of swimwear in 1973. Dassler had been impressed by the performance of Mark Spitz at the 1972 Munich Olympics. Having developed an ultra-light fabric, Dassler persuaded Australian swimmer Shane Gould to enter a sponsorship agreement to promote the Shane Gould Female Swimsuit Collection. Dassler continued to sign athletes to sponsorship deals and by the 1976 Montreal Olympics the "Arena Elite Team" included Mark Spitz, Novella Calligaris, Steve Furniss, David Wilkie, Shirley Babashoff, Gary Hall Sr., Klaus Dibiasi, Ulrika Knape and Maxine “Miki” King. Beyond signing individual athletes, Dassler led Adidas's pioneering drive to sign national sports federations and Olympic committees to exclusive shoe and apparel contracts. Although Adidas lost considerable share of this business after Dassler's death, even five years later Adidas had ties with about 100 companies.  After the death of his father in 1978, Dassler's mother Käthe Dassler became chairman of the company and Dassler returned to Germany to take his place in the top management of the firm. When his mother died in 1984, Dassler assumed the office of chairman, a position he retained until his death.  On assuming control, Dassler was immediately faced with the challenge of increasing competition for sports shoeware: Nike, Inc. was eroding Adidas's market share in the United States and Japan, and Puma SE, a company founded by Dassler's uncle after a dispute with his father, had increased its sales of athletic footwear by 35% the previous year. Dassler responded to the challenge by installing a professional management team at company headquarters to replace family members. In the United States, where Adidas's sales had slipped to one third of Nike's, Dassler attempted to diversify distribution channels and respond to a shift in consumer demand from athletic to casual footwear, a shift that Adidas had failed to satisfy.

Career as sports marketer.

Horst Dassler was known as the father of sport sponsorship. In the mid 1970s Dassler formed arguably the first sports marketing firm with British advertising executive Patrick J. Nally. The two approached newly elected FIFA President João Havelange, who believed that the soccer body was not maximizing revenues. Dassler proposed obtaining corporate sponsorships for the World Cup and other activities of FIFA. It took the two 18 months of high pressure salesmanship to persuade Coca-Cola to become FIFA's first corporate sponsor, committing $8 million. Coca-Cola thus became the first exclusive worldwide sponsor of a sport. Dassler and Nallay continued acquiring sponsorships from blue chip companies like McDonald's and Levi Strauss. Dassler's business practices had few limits and David Yallop in his book "How they Stole the Game" says his relationship with Havelange was "Drahtzieher." Dassler was the "puppetmaster." In the 1982 Dassler broke with Nally and established ISL Marketing A.G. (ISL), a firm which continued marketing FIFA rights but also added television rights to the advertising package which it bought up en masse from FIFA.  In May 1985 ISL was selected to manage the corporate sponsorship program of the International Olympic Committee (IOC). The highly lucrative contract was awarded without competitive bidding, and even without providing the opportunity to Nally's rival marketing company, West Nally, Ltd., to make an alternative proposal. Many suspected that personal relations between Adidas and the IOC was behind the private arrangement. IOC President Juan Antonio Samaranch denied any impropriety, and Dassler, claiming to be motivated solely by good will for the Olympics movement, denied he had a conflict of interest. According to British sports journalists Vyv Simson and Andrew Jennings, Dassler and ISL were largely responsible for turning the Olympics into a hugely successful revenue-generating enterprise. Dassler used his contacts to obtain Olympic sponsorship by Coca-Cola and other important companies and obtained Olympic financing from Monte Carlo banks. Years later, Samaranch was the main eulogist at Dassler's funeral.  Years after Dassler's death, in May 2001 ISL filed for bankruptcy, with a stated net debt of $300 million.

Death.

Horst Dassler died on 9 April 1987 from complications due to cancer. He left behind his wife Monika and two children, Suzanne and Adi.

Horst Dassler (12 March 1936 – 9 April 1987) was the son of Adolf "Adi" Dassler, known as the "shoemaker of the nation," as a result of the extensive sales of Adidas brand sports shoes by the company he founded (until 1948 known as Gebrüder Dassler) in 1924. Horst Dassler eventually became chairman of Adidas, and at the time of his death it was the world's largest sporting goods manufacturer with affiliates in 40 nations. Horst himself was known as the father of sports sponsorship as a result of his separate business of managing rights for the world governing bodies of football and the Olympics.


History.

Toponymy.

The last element 'ington' indicates that Adlington was an Anglo-Saxon settlement from about A.D. 650, while the first element is either a personal name, Eadwulf, or the aethling or prince. Recorded spellings include, in 1190 Edeluinton, in 1202 Adelventon, in 1246 Adelinton and, in 1288 Adlington.

Manor.

Adlington was part of the Penwortham barony granted to Randle de Marsey and later held by the Ferrers. In 1184 Hugh Gogard granted land to Cockersand Abbey. In 1202 Walter de Adlington granted six oxgangs of land to Siward de Duxbury. In 1230 Roger de Maresheya sold the township to the Earl of Chester. In 1288 Hugh de Adlington and Adam de Duxbury each held a moiety of the manor of William de Ferrers. The Duxbury portion was sold early in the 14th century and subdivided; several local families holding fractions. Land belonging to the St. Nicholas chantry in Standish Church was acquired by William Heaton, who died in 1619. John Pilkington, who had taken up arms for the king, but later took the side of Parliament in the civil war, had his estate sequestered.  In 1307 John Adlington paid rent to Sir Gilbert Standish. In 1374 Robert le Norreys of Burton quitclaimed his share to Hugh of Standish. In 1378 Sir Nicholas de Harrington held land subsequently held by Lord Ferrers of Groby and Thomas Harrington. There was a partition as some land was held of Lord Mounteagle, the Harringtons' successor.  In 1469 Hugh de Adlington gave the manor to his son, Robert who conveyed it to John Tarleton and Hugh Culcheth. Adlington fell in and out of the Adlington family ownership for over five centuries. Hugh Adlington died in 1525 holding messuages of Lord Mounteagle. His son Hugh died in 1556 holding the same estate which he left to his son John. Hugh Adlington died in 1640 holding the manor of Lord Morley and Mounteagle. His son Hugh was predeceased by his eldest son, John, who was killed fighting for the king at the Siege of Chester in 1644. Hugh was succeeded by Peter who had no surviving children and the manor descended to John's daughter Eleanor, who married Samuel Robinson of Chester in 1664.  Before 1700 the manor was bought by Thomas Clayton, who died in 1722. The estate descended to his grandson Richard Clayton and in 1770, to his nephew, Sir Richard, who was created a baronet in 1774 and built Adlington Hall in 1771. Richard, consul at Nantes, died in 1828 and was succeeded by his daughter Henrietta, wife of General Robert Browne, who assumed the Clayton name. Their son, Richard Clayton Browne Clayton, died in November 1886. His only son died at Sevastopol and Adlington Hall passed to James Robert Browne Clayton Dawbeny. Wigan council bought the 129 acre estate in 1921 to safeguard the town's water supply.  Adlington Hall, built on rising ground in 1771 by Sir Richard Clayton, was a Georgian mansion of brick and stone, and replaced an ancient timber and plaster house on the same site. It was demolished in the 1960s.

Industrial Revolution.

Coal was mined in the area for centuries, first outcrops of coal and bell pits and then deeper shafts to the Arley mine (seam) at 137 feet. The Adlington Coal Company sank Ellerbeck Colliery in 1876. The company went bankrupt in 1932. The mine was run privately during the 1930s and in 1947 was nationalised. As part of the National Coal Board in 1958, Ellerbeck Colliery employed 411 men and women who worked as "pit brow lasses", it closed in 1965. In the late 1970s and early '80s Ellerbeck was open cast and has been landscaped.  In 1891 Davies and Eckersley operated the Huyton Bleachworks and the Pin Croft Dyeing and Printing Company were bleachers and finishers. The largest mill was Adlington Mill, Thomas Gerrard and Sons spinning and weaving mill, which had 43,000 spindles and 900 looms. Springfield Mill operated by Thomas Middeton & Company had 700 looms and Unsworth's Brook Mill had 2,700 spindles and 96 looms.

Governance.

In the Middle Ages Adlington was a township in the ecclesiastical parish of Standish in the Leyland Hundred of Lancashire. In 1837, Adlington joined with other townships (or civil parishes) in the area to form the Chorley Poor Law Union which took responsibility for the administration and funding of the Poor Law in that area. A local board was formed in 1872 was replaced by an urban district council of twelve members in 1894.  The town forms part of Chorley Borough which has headquarters at the town hall in Chorley. The town is represented on the council by three Labour Party councillors elected for the Adlington and Anderton ward. Adlington is part of the Chorley parliamentary constituency, which elected Lindsay Hoyle as Member of Parliament for the Labour party at the 2010 General Election.

Geography.

Adlington lies towards the north-east of the township; its area is 1,064 acres. Its south-east boundary is the River Douglas and Buckow Brook separates the township from Worthington to the west. The Ellerbeck is the boundary with Duxbury.

Economy.

Adlington's economy was based on cotton mills and coal pits but the majority of these traditional industries have disappeared and the town primarily serves as a residential settlement for commuters working in Manchester, Bolton, Wigan and Chorley. Construction company Leonard Fairclough & Son was founded and based in the town before becoming part of the bigger AMEC group. AMEC left Adlington in the mid 2000s and the site is occupied by a call centre. Today industries are concentrated on an industrial estate. Pincroft printing works and the headquarters and main warehouse of Andrew Porter, one of the countries biggest removal and haulage firms are in the town.

Transport.

Adlington's main road is the A6 from Manchester via Blackrod to Chorley and Preston. It has a junction with the B6227 towards Rivington. The M61 motorway passes the eastern fringe of the town.  Adlington railway station is on the Manchester to Preston Line. Another station, White Bear railway station in Station Road, was on the Lancashire Union Railway between Wigan and Blackburn. It closed in 1960 (the line remained in use for goods until 1974) with the ticket office remaining as a local café. Evidence can be found throughout Adlington of the town's lost line.  The Leeds and Liverpool Canal passes through Adlington where the White Bear Marina is the largest marina on the canal.

Religion.

The town has three active churches; St.Paul's, which is the Church of England parish church, St.Joseph's a Roman Catholic church and the United Reformed and Methodist church on Railway Road.  Christ Church was built in 1839 but was used as a chapel of ease after St. Paul's Church was built in 1884, but is no longer used for worship and has been converted to a restaurant. In the past there was an iron mission church dedicated to St Philip and there were Wesleyan, Primitive Methodist and Congregational churches.

Sports and recreation.

Adlington has two large recreational areas, the King George's Field in the centre of the town and the Lower Playing Fields adjacent to the canal in lower Adlington. The King George's Field plays host to the town's amateur rugby league club Adlington Rangers and the town's football pub teams. Adlington also has a junior football club with a variety of age groups including an open age team. Meadow Road is home to Adlington Cricket Club which plays in the local Lancashire and Bolton leagues.

Notable people.

Construction magnate Leonard Fairclough was born and lived in Adlington and has a memorial garden dedicated to him in the town. Speaker of the House of Commons Sir Lindsay Hoyle was also born and raised in the town.

References.

Bibliography

Adlington is a town and civil parish in Lancashire, England, near the West Pennine Moors and approximately three miles south of Chorley. It became a separate parish in 1842 then grew into a township around the textile and coal mining industries until these closed in the 1960s. It had a population of 5,270 at the 2001 census, but in the last decade this has risen by over 2,000 more people to 7,326. The measured population at the 2011 Census was 6,010. The Leeds and Liverpool Canal runs through the village and is host to White Bear Marina which is the largest marina on the Leeds & Liverpool Canal.


Plot.

Fifty-two year old Leung Foon (Lawrence Cheng) is consciously aware of the three major waves throughout half of his life. First, it was the day his wife, Ann (Carol Cheng), transformed him from a boy to a man. Second, several years later during the day he married Ann and became a henpecked husband. Third, the day when Ann had enough of his incompetence and disappeared with their eight-year-old daughter.  Having experienced these three waves in his life, he converts the grief into strength and transforms from a pity little man to a respected and feared big man. Today, he is a chairman of a listed company well known by those around him. He has learned to resort to every conceivable means to make money. His has enough wealth for his to live stress-free for the rest of his life. However, Foon's biggest regret is that Ann cannot witness his "maturity". However, ever since Foon struck fortune, he was afraid to look at the mirror. For unknown reasons reason, he was afraid to face his own reflection.  When his daughter, Hei-hei (Larine Tang), who is all grown up, returns, another wave strike Foon's life as he is does not know how to be a father to an eighteen-year-old beautiful daughter with a 33D breast because in his memory, Hei-hei was only eight years old. Hei-hei's return also changes Foon as he is finally able to face his own reflection because Hei-hei gave him the courage to be young again and act unruly once more.

Reception.

Critical.

Edmund Lee of the "South China Morning Post" rated the film score of 3/5 stars and praises Lawrence Cheng's effort in putting heart to the story and notes this third film of the series "ldoesn’t bring disgrace to the brand."

Box office.

"The Yuppie Fantasia" opened on 26 January 2017 in Hong Kong where grossed HK$8.09 million during its first six days of release, finishing at fifth place during its debut weekend. During its second weekend, the film remained at fifth place where it grossed HK$8.32 million, with a cumulative gross of HK$13.43 million by then. On its third weekend, the film fell down to seventh place where it grossed HK$1.94 million, with a cumulative gross of HK$15.38 million by then. By 14 February 2017, the film has accumulated a total gross of over HK$16 million at the Hong Kong box office. "The Yuppie Fantasia 3" grossed a total of HK$16,186,955 at the Hong Kong box office, and is tentatively the fifth-highest grossing domestic film of the territory in 2017.

The Yuppie Fantasia 3 is a 2017 Hong Kong comedy film written, directed by and starring Lawrence Cheng. The film is a sequel to the 1989 film, "The Yuppie Fantasia", and the 1990 film, "Brief Encounter in Shinjuku". The film was released on 26 January 2017 to celebrate the Chinese New Year, as well as marking the 30th anniversary of the original radio series of the same name created by and starred Cheng in 1986, in which the film franchise was based on.


Early life and education.

Abu Taher was born in Badarpur, Assam Province of British India on 14 November 1938. His ancestral village was Kazla in Purbadhala, Netrokona District of Bangladesh. After the completion of higher secondary school from Murari Chand College in Sylhet, Taher joined the Pakistani Army in September 1960 as an officer candidate. He was married to Lutfa Taher.

Military career.

Taher received his Commission in 1962 as a second lieutenant in the Pakistan Army. He joined the elite Pakistan Special Services Group (Commando Force) in 1965. Following his training, he participated in the Indo-Pakistani War of 1965 in the Sialkot sector of Kashmir. For his part, he received a war participation medal from the Pakistan Army. After the war, Taher took officers pre-qualification course on guerrilla warfare at Fort Benning in the United States in 1969. He was posted to the Quetta Staff College, Pakistan in 1970.

Bangladesh War of Independence.

Towards the end of August 1971, Captain Taher, along with three other Bengali officers: Capt. Patwari, Maj. Manzoor and Capt. Ziauddin defected from the Pakistani Army and crossed over the border near Abbottabad, West Pakistan, into India. After two weeks under Indian intelligence screening and debriefing, he was sent to Bangladesh Armed Forces (BDF) HQ at 8 Theatre Road, Calcutta and subsequently posted to Sector 11. He was promoted to Major in September. Major Zia appointed Taher as Sub-Sector Commander No. 2 at Mahendraganj. Sector 11 was located across the Rangpur District, which comprised Mymensingh District, Tangail District and parts of the Rangpur District. On October 10, upon Major Zia's temporary transfer to the Sylhet sector, Major Shafayat Jamil handed over the interim command of the sector to BDF. Sector 11. On 2 November 1971, Taher lost his leg from a small mine blast during a debriefing. Squadron Leader M. Hamidullah Khan was officially appointed Sector Commander of Sector 11 under direct orders through EAM from Colonel Osmani, Bangladesh Interim Provincial Government Headquarters. Taher was flown to Pune, India. On 21 November Taher received a Medical Board Release. His leg was later amputated there, where he remained until February 1972. For his valour, he was awarded Bir Uttom.

Post-war activities.

Following his return, Taher was reinstated into the Bangladesh Army in April for effective retirement following administrative procedure. He was retired with a legacy entitlement rank of Lieutenant Colonel and hence is widely known as Colonel Taher.

Jatiyo Samajtantrik Dal.

Due to his left-leaning communist ideas of organizing the Bangladesh Army along the lines of the People's Liberation Army, he resigned from the army to form the Jatiyo Samajtantrik Dal, with  The Jatiyo Samajtantrik Dal had split from the Bangladesh Chhatra League, the student wing of the Bangladesh Awami League and called for establishing socialism through an armed revolution. Taher became the head of its armed wing, the Gonobahini and led a violent insurgency campaign against the government of Sheikh Mujibur Rahman.

7 November coup.

Abu Taher welcomed the assassination of Sheikh Mujibur Rahman on 15 August 1975, remarking, They've made a big mistake. They shouldn't have allowed Sheikh Mujib's burial. Now a shrine will be built there. His body should have been thrown into the Bay of Bengal.  Taher quickly took advantage of the chaos following the assassination, exacerbating dissent among ranking non-commissioned officers and regular soldiers. Taher incited and organized an uprising of the soldiers on 7 November 1975. Together with Jatiyo Samajtantrik Dal leader Hasanul Haq Inu, soldiers loyal to him tried to takeover Bangladesh Radio and also to remove Ziaur Rahman from cantonment, in order to facilitate a Marxist takeover of power.  Some revenge killings took place of a number of military officers and their wives due to incidents dating back to injustices that occurred during the independence war in 1971. Acts of treason and clear serious breaches of military discipline and morale followed. As chief of Staff, Major General Ziaur Rahman, worked to bring down the acts of treason and mutiny, after his release.

Trial and execution.

Once Ziaur Rahman retook charge of the army, he realized that the soldiers' mutiny had to be suppressed if discipline was to be restored. On 24 November 1975, he ordered Taher be arrested on charges of high treason and murder. Taher was tried by a military tribunal inside the Dhaka Central Jail and sentenced to death on 17 July 1976. He was executed by hanging on 21 July 1976. The trial was later considered flawed.

High Court ruling.

On 22 March 2011, the High Court overturned the previous judgement that authorised Taher's execution by a military tribunal while the nation was under martial law. The military court judgement was declared illegal. The court observed Taher's execution had happened according to Major General Zia's plan.

Abu Taher () (14 November 1938 – 21 July 1976) was a Bengali military serviceman, who served in the Pakistani Army, and for a brief period in BDF, from 17 August to 2 November 1971. He was awarded the medal Bir Uttom for his gallantry in the liberation war. After independence, he was inducted into the Bangladesh Army for administrative retirement with the rank of Lieutenant colonel. He turned into a radical political activist and leader of the left-wing Jatiyo Samajtantrik Dal.


History.

The Patton Historic District was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1996.

Geography.

Patton is located in northern Cambria County at (40.634466, -78.650812), in the valley of Chest Creek, a north-flowing tributary of the West Branch of the Susquehanna River. Ebensburg, the county seat, is to the south.  According to the United States Census Bureau, the borough of Patton has a total area of, all of it land.

Demographics.

At the 2000 census there were 2,023 people, 886 households, and 539 families residing in the borough. The population density was 2,033.3 people per square mile (789.0/km2). There were 980 housing units at an average density of 985.0 per square mile (382.2/km2). The racial makeup of the borough was 99.80% White, 0.05% Native American, and 0.15% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 0.05%.  There were 886 households, 24.9% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 46.8% were married couples living together, 9.7% had a female householder with no husband present, and 39.1% were non-families. 36.0% of households were made up of individuals, and 19.3% were one person aged 65 or older. The average household size was 2.28 and the average family size was 3.00.  In the borough the population was spread out, with 22.9% under the age of 18, 7.1% from 18 to 24, 26.6% from 25 to 44, 22.6% from 45 to 64, and 20.9% 65 or older. The median age was 41 years. For every 100 females there were 86.1 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 85.9 males.  The median household income was $22,546 and the median family income was $35,473. Males had a median income of $26,940 versus $16,875 for females. The per capita income for the borough was $13,851. About 11.5% of families and 14.2% of the population were below the poverty line, including 11.0% of those under age 18 and 12.0% of those age 65 or over.

Patton is a borough in Cambria County, Pennsylvania, United States. It is northwest of Altoona, in an agricultural region. It is part of the Johnstown, Pennsylvania Metropolitan Statistical Area. In 1900, 2,651 people lived here, and in 1910, 3,907 people inhabited Patton. The population was 1,769 at the 2010 census.


History.

British National Antarctic Expedition 1901-1904.

Discovery Hut was designed by Professor Gregory, (appointed as leader of the scientific staff, he resigned before the Discovery headed south) and prefabricated by James Moore of Sydney (cost: £870.14.5d) before being brought south by ship. It is essentially square, with verandas on three sides. The pyramidal roof is supported by a central post. Insulation was provided by felt placed between the inner and outer wood plank walls. This was found to be insufficient, and the hut was difficult to keep warm.  The Discovery hut was a large strong building, but was so draughty and cold in comparison with the ship, which was moored one hundred yards away, that it was, during the first year, never used for living quarters. Its sole use was as a storehouse, and a large supply of rough stores, such as flour, cocoa, coffee, biscuit, and tinned meat, was left there in the event of its being used as a place of retreat should any disaster overtake the ship. During the second year occasional parties camped inside the hut, but no bunks or permanent sleeping quarters were ever erected.  A cross was erected on the hill behind Discovery Hut in memory of George Vince who died in an accident during an expedition nearby in 1904. The cross has also been designated a Historic Site or Monument (HSM 19), following a proposal by New Zealand and the United Kingdom to the Antarctic Treaty Consultative Meeting.  When the "Discovery" finally left McMurdo Sound, the hut was stripped of all gear, including the stove, but there was left behind a large depot of the stores mentioned above.

British Antarctic Expedition 1907–09.

When Shackleton returned to McMurdo Sound in February 1908 he discovered that the door had been burst open, evidently by a southerly blizzard, and was jammed by snow outside and in. Entrance was made therefore through one of the lee windows. He used the hut in September and October 1908, as a storehouse for the large amount of equipment, food, and oil that they were to take while attempting to reach the pole. They built a sort of living-room out of the cases of provisions, and swept out the debris. The polar party elected to sleep there before the start, but the supporting party slept outside in the tents, as they considered it warmer. They continued to use the lee window as means of ingress and egress to avoid continual shovelling away of the snow, which would be necessary as every southerly blizzard blocked up the main entrance. The various depot parties made use of the hut for replenishing their stores, which had been sledged from Shackleton's Cape Royds hut to Hut Point.  After reaching within of the pole they barely made it back alive. On the night of 3 March 1909, the southern party arrived having been absent on the march 128 days. One man needed medical attention urgently and so Shackleton tried to burn the nearby Magnetic Hut in the hope of attracting attention from the ship, but was not able to get it to light. He finally managed to light a flare of carbide, and the ship came down to them in a blizzard, and all were safely aboard at 1 a.m. on 4 March 1909. Before leaving the hut they jammed the window up with baulks of timber, to the best of their ability, in the storm and darkness.

British Antarctic Expedition 1910-1913.

When members of the Terra Nova Expedition journeyed south from Scott's Hut at Cape Evans in 1911 they found Discovery Hut full of snow and ice, along with supplies left over from 1903. Discovery Hut was cleaned out and used during 1911 and 1912 as a staging and rendezvous point for Terra Nova expeditioners heading south towards the Pole from Scott's Hut at Cape Evans.  Scott wrote of the hut: March 8, 1911 The temperature of the hut is low, of course, but in every other respect we are absolutely comfortable. There is an unlimited quantity of biscuit, and our discovery at Pram Point means an unlimited supply of seal meat. We have heaps of cocoa, coffee, and tea, and a sufficiency of sugar and salt. In addition a small store of luxuries, chocolate, raisins, lentils, oatmeal, sardines, and jams, which will serve to vary the fare. An empty kerosene tin and some firebricks have been made into an excellent little stove, which has been connected to the old stove-pipe. The soldier fare of our meals is either stewed or fried on this stove whilst the tea or cocoa is being prepared on a primus. One way and another we shall manage to be very comfortable during our stay here, and already we can regard it as a temporary home. March 9, 1911 Yesterday and to-day very busy about the hut and overcoming difficulties fast. The stove threatened to exhaust our store of firewood. We have redesigned it so that it takes only a few chips of wood to light it and then continues to give great heat with blubber alone. To-day there are to be further improvements to regulate the draught and increase the cooking range. We have further housed in the living quarters with our old Discovery winter awning, and begin already to retain the heat which is generated inside.

Imperial Trans-Antarctic Expedition 1914-1917.

The hut was used again by the Ross Sea party of the Imperial Trans-Antarctic Expedition. The snow was cleared out and extra stores were placed in it. Depot-laying to 80° in January–March 1915 was beset by problems. All ten dogs taken on the journey perished during the return. By the time that all parties were reunited at Hut Point on 25 March 1915 the men themselves were exhausted and frostbitten, and there was a significant loss of confidence in Aeneas Mackintosh, the leader. The condition of the sea ice in McMurdo Sound made the journey back to Cape Evans impossible, so the party was stranded until 1 June 1915 in spartan conditions and relying on seals for fresh meat and blubber fuel.  Several men were again stranded at Hut Point after the second depot-laying season. This began in September 1915 and by March 1916 Mackintosh, Spencer-Smith and Hayward had collapsed and were unable to walk. The three other men still on their feet, Richards, Joyce and Wild, were by now too weak to haul three invalids, so on 8 March 1916 Mackintosh volunteered to stay in the tent while the others attempted to take Spencer-Smith and Hayward to Hut Point. A day later Spencer-Smith died, utterly worn out by exhaustion and scurvy, and was buried in the ice. Joyce and Wild reached Hut Point with Hayward on 11 March and went back for Mackintosh. By 16 March the whole surviving party had reached the hut. The five survivors slowly recovered their strength with a diet of seal meat. The ice was too thin for them to risk the final trip to Cape Evans but the monotony of their diet and surroundings became wearisome. On 8 May Mackintosh and Hayward risked the ice and walked to Cape Evans. They were never seen again. Richards, Joyce and Wild waited until 15 July to make the trip to Cape Evans. The seal blubber used for heating during this expedition resulted in considerable staining of the interior walls and contents.

Preservation and decay at Discovery Hut.

Shackleton advised future Antarctic explorers on the state of the hut after the Ross Sea party left it:  The stores placed there in 1902 are intact. There are a few cases of extra provisions and oil in the hut, but no sleeping gear, or accommodation, nor stoves, and it must not be looked upon as anything else than a shelter and a most useful pied-à-terre for the start of any Southern journey. No stores nor any equipment have been taken from it during either of my two Expeditions. However, after Shackleton left the hut in 1917 it remained untouched until 1956 when US expeditioners dug it out of the snow and ice. It was found to be in a remarkable state of preservation, and included many artifacts from both the earlier expeditions. While some artifacts were taken as souvenirs at the time (and since), the hut remained largely as it was in 1917.  New Zealand and the UK have undertaken responsibility at various times since the 1970s to restore (largely removing snow and ice) both Scott's hut and Discovery Hut.  While the preservation of food in the freezing temperatures and dry climate has been noted, bacterial decay still occurs. Visitors describe the seal meat preserved at the Discovery Hut as smelling "quite rancid", and there are concerns that the fabric of these huts are being affected by fungal decay. Both Scott's Hut and Shackleton's Hut have been included on the World Monuments Watch List of 100 Most Endangered Sites.

Discovery Hut was built by Robert Falcon Scott during the Discovery Expedition of 1901–1904 in 1902 and is located at Hut Point on Ross Island by McMurdo Sound, Antarctica. Visitors to Antarctica, arriving at either the US Base at McMurdo or New Zealand's Scott Base are likely to encounter Discovery Hut as both are located on Hut Point. Discovery Hut is just 300m from McMurdo Base. The hut has been designated a Historic Site or Monument (HSM 18), following a proposal by New Zealand and the United Kingdom to the Antarctic Treaty Consultative Meeting.


Juniata Township, Blair County, Pennsylvania

Geography.

Juniata Township is located in southwestern Blair County, along the Cambria County line. It lies along the Allegheny Front, a major escarpment along the edge of the Allegheny Mountains in central Pennsylvania. The former alignment of U.S. Route 22 climbs the Front in the northern part of the township, though the current limited-access routing of US-22 runs farther to the north.  According to the United States Census Bureau, the township has a total area of, of which is land and, or 0.21%, is water.

Demographics.

As of the census of 2000, there were 1,115 people, 428 households, and 324 families residing in the township. The population density was 41.9 people per square mile (16.2/km2). There were 471 housing units at an average density of 17.7/sq mi (6.8/km2). The racial makeup of the township was 99.46% White, 0.09% African American, 0.09% Asian, 0.18% from other races, and 0.18% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 0.09% of the population.  There were 428 households, out of which 35.7% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 64.3% were married couples living together, 7.5% had a female householder with no husband present, and 24.1% were non-families. 21.3% of all households were made up of individuals, and 7.2% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.61 and the average family size was 3.02.  In the township the population was spread out, with 24.0% under the age of 18, 8.7% from 18 to 24, 29.4% from 25 to 44, 25.8% from 45 to 64, and 12.0% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 37 years. For every 100 females, there were 108.8 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 106.6 males.  The median income for a household in the township was $36,944, and the median income for a family was $39,375. Males had a median income of $30,921 versus $20,278 for females. The per capita income for the township was $15,277. About 8.3% of families and 9.3% of the population were below the poverty line, including 14.6% of those under age 18 and 6.7% of those age 65 or over.

Juniata Township is a township in Blair County, Pennsylvania, United States. It is part of the Altoona, PA Metropolitan Statistical Area. The population was 1,112 at the 2010 census.


Transport.

Cronulla and National Park Ferry Cruises operate a ferry service from the wharf on Gunnamatta Bay, which provides a link between Cronulla and Bundeena across Port Hacking, on the edge of the Royal National Park.

Parks.

Gunnamatta Park and Darook Park are located on its eastern foreshore. Tonkin Oval on the northern foreshore features a large cricket oval and is also used for baseball. Cronulla Public School is located nearby.  Gunnamatta park holds a valuable remnant of bushland canopy and a more limited but equally valuable understorey remnant. An unusual but natural occurrence of Rough-Barked Apple-Gums ("Angophora floribunda") grow in the park and are usually typical of the nearby Wianamatta Shale soil as opposed the Hawkesbury Sandstone on the site; this tree is virtually extinct in the Sutherland shire due to a complete lack of comprehensive reserves on shale soils, though this tree is still relatively common on the Cumberland Plain in western Sydney and elsewhere in Australia Earth.

History.

Matthew Flinders and George Bass explored and mapped the coastline and Port Hacking estuary in 1796 and the southernmost point of Cronulla is named Bass and Flinders Point, in their honour. Thomas Holt (1811–88) owned most of the land that stretched from Sutherland to Cronulla in the 1860s.  The area around the bay was subdivided in 1895 and land was offered for sale at 10 pounds per acre. In 1899, the government named the area Gunnamatta, which means "sandy hills". On 26 February 1908 it was officially changed to Cronulla and Gunnamatta was used for the name of the bay, on the western side.  Cronulla is derived from "kurranulla", meaning ‘‘place of the pink seashells’’ in the dialect of the area's Aboriginal inhabitants, the Dharawal people. The beaches were named by Surveyor Robert Dixon who surveyed here in 1827-28 and by 1840, the main beach was still known as Karranulla.

The Gunnamatta Bay is a small bay in southern Sydney, New South Wales, Australia. Gunnamatta Bay is located off the Port Hacking estuary, in the Sutherland Shire. The foreshore is a natural boundary for the suburbs of Cronulla to the east, Woolooware to the north and Burraneer to the west.


BA Modern Dance and Contemporary Dance.

Three-year course (180 credits)  The programme is intended to train dancers for established Norwegian and foreign ballet companies, institutional theatres, the free dance environment, advertising, reviews, film and TV – and for various initiatives targeted at schools and the business community. A further aim is for students to learn to create their own workplace.  Dance techniques and on-stage communication make up the main part of the course. Students also create their own works through the study of choreography. There are also classes in musical subjects, nutrition, anatomy and physical training. The theoretical subjects concentrate on dance and music history, but students also take more general arts subjects such as aesthetics and philosophy.  At the start of the course each student undergoes a physical examination and has an individual training programme drawn up for him/her in conjunction with the Centre for Elite Sports. The Oslo Sports Trauma Research Centre (NIMI) helps the students to avoid injuries, and physiotherapists are available throughout the course.

BA Classical Ballet.

Three-year course (180 credits)  The programme is intended for young, talented dancers wanting to train in classical ballet after completing their compulsory primary and secondary education. The programme is also open to applicants who have completed upper-secondary schooling or parts thereof. The aim of the course is to train dancers for established Norwegian and foreign ballet companies.  Dance techniques and on-stage communication make up the main part of the course. Students also create their own works through the study of choreography. There are also classes in musical subjects, nutrition, anatomy and physical training, as well as a number of general academic subjects. These are tailored to the age group and include Norwegian, English and social studies, as well as dance theory.  At the start of the course each student undergoes a physical examination and has an individual training programme drawn up for him/her in conjunction with the Centre for Elite Sports. The Oslo Sports Trauma Research Centre (NIMI) helps the students to avoid injuries, and physiotherapists are available throughout the course.

BA Jazz Dance.

Three-year course (180 credits)  The programme is intended to train dancers for the free dance environment, institutional theatres, advertising, reviews, film and TV – and for various initiatives targeted at schools and the business community. A further aim is for students to learn to create their own workplace.  Dance techniques and on-stage communication make up the main part of the course. Students also create their own works through the study of choreography. There are also classes in musical subjects, nutrition, anatomy and physical training. The theoretical subjects concentrate on dance and music history, but students also take more general arts subjects such as aesthetics and philosophy.  At the start of the course each student undergoes a physical examination and has an individual training programme drawn up for him/her in conjunction with the Centre for Elite Sports. The Oslo Sports Trauma Research Centre (NIMI) helps the students to avoid injuries, and physiotherapists are available throughout the course.

MA Choreography.

Two-year course (120 credits)  The master’s programme in choreography is intended to train choreographers to be able to work at the highest national and international level on established stages and in the field of free dramatic art.  Creative work involving dance and staging are the students’ main concerns, and all the subjects on the curriculum reinforce this. Production of pieces the students have choreographed themselves and a thesis make up approximately one third of the course. The course also comprises musical and administrative subjects, as well as various arts and social subjects, including philosophy and aesthetics, which form the basis for work on the students’ own artistic development.  The course will enable students to develop an independent artistic style as a choreographer, and carry out choreographic work as part of other artistic productions. Students will become familiar with various choreographic working methods and styles.  Collaboration with other specialist groups within dramatic art provides students with experience of the collective process which creates a production. Knowledge of staging effects is an important element of the course.

Practical educational dance programme.

One-year full-time course (60 credits)  The practical educational dance programme (PPU) is funded through the Ministry of Education and Research’s Outline plan for practical educational programmes. Applicants must have completed academic or vocational studies and have professional experience. The programme comprises educational science (30 credits), teaching theory (30 credits) and 12–14 weeks’ practical training.  Instruction takes the form of meetings, with three meetings in each semester. The practical training is organised both as ‘on-the-spot’ practice and as ongoing practical training.  PPU qualifies students to work as a single-subject teacher at intermediate and secondary level in the compulsory school system, and in upper-secondary schools and adult education. The PPU in dance also aims to equip students to teach dance to pre-school children and in the voluntary sector, e.g. in schools of performing arts and private ballet schools, and to work as college teachers. The PPU in dance also provides the necessary skills to rehearse professional dancers in cultural institutions.  External links

The Norwegian National Academy of Ballet () was established in 1979 as a three-year education in ballet. The school was given collegiate status in 1982.


Background and composition.

In the days preceding the song's release, billboards appeared in several cities around the world with the phrase "Do You Know Who You Are?", which was connected to Styles after each of the posters featured both the Columbia Records logo and the acronym "TPWK", standing for "Treat People with Kindness", which has appeared on Styles' tour merchandise. A website also named "Do You Know Who You Are?" that offered compliments to users who entered their name on it was also set up. Styles revealed the cover art and song title on his social media on 11 October 2019. "Lights Up" is a pop, soul and pop rock song composed in the key of A♯ minor.

Critical reception.

Jon Caramanica of "The New York Times" wrote that the song is a "soft-touch re-entry into the pop slipstream. Somewhere between '70s soft rock, lite disco and indie pop, it doesn't ask much more of Styles's voice than a gentle coo, and surrounds it with a plangent sparkle." Nicholas Hautman of "Us Weekly" described the song as a "groovy, melodic track". Roisin O'Connor of "The Independent" gave the song 4 out of 5 stars, calling "Lights Up" "Styles's most assured song to date. And described the song as “a piano and guitar-based track drenched in California Dreamin' vibes and loaded with psychedelic grooves”. His vocals are surprisingly airy compared to the sharper delivery of earlier cuts; you could easily interpret lyrics as a comment on fame, or else perhaps his embracing of his own identity."  Laura Snapes of "The Guardian" also gave a positive review, giving the song 4 out of 5 stars, calling the track a "soulful, enigmatic return" and also wrote: "It is laced with surprises – the looping, stilted pre-chorus cracks the easy mood, and even the sound of a gospel choir gets processed to an unnerving intensity – and sounds nothing like his blandly secular British male peers, or the narcotised synth-pop that's dominated this year". Craig Jenkins of "Vulture" praised the song, calling it "a breezy tune for the start of hoodie weather and an encouraging sentiment for a day about celebrating what makes all of us unique"; Jenkins also noted that "'Lights' sounds like the kind of well-tailored pop the band would've gotten to if it had a few more years to work with, but like Harry Styles, it's packed with organic flourishes, guitars galore, gorgeous piano notes scattered over top of the bridge and chorus, and a barely audible touch of what sounds like Mellotron, ground control saluting our fallen Major Tom". Jenkins also noted that the song was released during the National Coming Out Day in the States. "Variety" staff wrote that "[it] is a bit of a departure from Styles' debut" and described it as "a shimmering pop ballad" that "vaguely recalls songs from Justin Timberlake's early solo albums."  Anna Gaca of "Pitchfork"s review was positive as well, saying that Styles "[he]'s nothing if not a talented showman" and also that "with its winding, psychedelic pre-chorus, the song seems designed to wriggle through the strictures of pop songwriting. It's less than three minutes but its strangeness makes it feel longer". Matt Bellassai called the song a "bisexual bop". Capital radio station and "Gay Times" called the song a "bisexual anthem" based on its music video.

Live performances.

On 16 November 2019, Styles performed the song for the first time on "Saturday Night Live", on "Later... with Jools Holland", and on Capital's Jingle Bell Ball 2019.

Music video.

The music video was released on 11 October 2019, directed by Vincent Haycock co-produced by “Cine buro” and “Kanan films” both Mexican productions companies. Filmed in Cancún, México. Joalin Loukamaa of pop group Now United appears in the video.

Credits and personnel.

Credits adapted from Tidal.

"Lights Up" is a song by English singer and songwriter Harry Styles, released through Erskine and Columbia Records on 11 October 2019 as the lead single for his second studio album, "Fine Line". The music video was also released the same day on his own YouTube channel.


Formation.

The YES! Association was founded in 2005. It originated out of an art exhibition entitled “Art Feminism - strategies and effects in Sweden from the 1970’s until today”. Responding to a perceived lack of equity in Swedish public art institutions, members of the YES! Association proposed a document, dubbed the “Equal Opportunities Agreement”. The YES! Association used their live work “Press Conference /Performance”, a part of the broader exhibition, to provide art institutions with the opportunity to sign the agreement. Institutional signatories would have committed to engage in concrete actions to increase diversity and equity, particularly through the use of quotas. If it had been signed by the art organizations the agreement would have been legally binding. However, no institutions present at the time agreed to sign the document.

Key figures.

The YES! Association is composed of original founding members and newer participants. Founding members include Other members of the collective over the years include:  The YES! Association has collaborated with artists and institutions including Melanie Cervantes, Regina José Galindo, Gluklya, Victoria Lomasko, Pauline Boudry/Renate Lorenz, Liza Morozova, Tanja Ostojic, Mujeres Públicas, Bureau of Melodramatic Research, and Anna Zvyagintseva. In addition, The YES! Association has received support from the Swedish Arts Council through the IASPIS program, facilitating collaborations with queer artist Lee H. Jones.

Themes.

Artistic works by The YES! Association have predominantly dealt with themes of gender, sexuality, race, and capitalism. Drawing on the feminist activist roots of the artists making up the collective (see above for an overview of Key Figures), exhibitions have investigated the role of women and other equity seeking groups in both the art world and society more broadly. In these works, several sub-themes emerge:

Equity and diversity in art.

The founding work of the YES! Association was an activist call for accountability and increased diversity in Swedish public art. Since the 2005 work “Press Conference /Performance”, the YES! Association has used a variety of platforms such as radio interviews, panels, and articles to argue that contemporary art must do a better job of representing equity seeking communities. In particular, the YES! Association has used the exploration of notions of privilege and oppression to illustrate divides in the art world.

Intersectional feminist theory.

The YES! Association’s artwork has repeatedly come back to investigations of intersectional modes of feminist art. In particular, the collective has focused on the benefits and drawbacks of knowledge that is based on categories. Through their work, the YES! Association has challenged the utility of binaries, making a feminist argument for a more intersectional understanding of identity. Their work rarely looks at ‘women’ as an isolated category, opting instead to include considerations such a class, race, and sexuality, as well.

Hannah Arendt.

Political theorist Hannah Arendt has been cited as both a theme and inspiration in the work of the YES! Association. A Jewish-American thinker, Arendt was born in Germany and fled Europe during the Second World War. Her work dealt largely with systems of power, particularly political hierarchies such as totalitarianism. A noted woman theorist in a field dominated by men, Arendt is often held up as an example of feminist excellence (though she herself may not have used the label “feminist”). The YES! Association has created works that drew on Arendt’s commitment to the spread of ideas and conversation. The collective has also collaborated with associations devoted to the memory of Arendt, such as The Hannah Arendt Center for Politics and Humanities at Bard College.

Notable works.

The works of the YES! Association have taken a variety of forms but commonly include aspects of performance and dialogue.

“Press conference /performance”, 2005, Performance..

For the piece, members of the YES! Association put forward a document entitled the “Equal Opportunities Agreement”. The document aimed to legally bind Swedish public art institutions to uphold quotas to improve diversity. The performance was executed in the Dunker Culture House.

"(Dis)agreements? – the utility, effectiveness, and problematics of categories." 2010. Performance, a video, an agreement, a teach-in, and a letter..

The work used a video and teach-in discussion to consider diversity in art institutions. The work took place at the Elizabeth A. Sackler Center for Feminist Art of Brooklyn Museum.

“SMOKING AREA”, 2012, Floor Painting..

“SMOKING AREA” paid tribute to political theorist Hannah Arendt. The work used a floor painting made with yellow paint to create a designated space where viewers/ participants could come, smoke, and discuss ideas. The floor painting aimed to further the aims of Arendt, whose work argued for the power of friendship and dialogue. The work was hosted by the Hannah Arendt Center at Bard College.

“I am talking about something happening right here, right now”, 2012, Discussion..

This work operated as a discussion with Lee H. Jones. Using an activist framework, the discussion centered around the interplay of institutions and labour. The work was funded by IASPIS.

Notable Exhibitions.

"Art Feminism – Strategies and Consequences in Sweden from the 1970s to the Present", 2005..

This was the first exhibition that the YES! Association participated in. The Dunker Culture House served as the host institution. The YES! Association performed their work “Press Conference /Performance”.

“The Privilege Walk/Symposium – Feminist and intersectional aspects of contemporary art”, 2008..

The exhibition operated as a symposium held over the course of a weekend at the Lilith Performance Studio in Malmo, Sweden. Components included lectures, film screenings, performances, and workshops. Thematically, the exhibition focused on the Swedish art movement and persisting equity concerns.

“(art)work(sport)work(sex)work”, 2015..

The exhibition was hosted by the Power Plant in Toronto, Canada. The work was commissioned in conjunction with the 2015 Pan Am games. It considered the three fields of art, sport, and sex work. Through the use of bus rides, the exhibition used urban space to comment on social norms.

The YES! Association (also known by its Swedish name, Föreningen JA!) is an art collective based in Sweden. The collective was founded in 2005 and continues to be active today. The collective creates art through the use of enactments and performances. The YES! Association is known primarily for art exhibitions that deal with themes of gender, sexuality, race, and capitalism.


Geography.

West Sunbury is located in north-central Butler County at (41.006153, -79.896107). Pennsylvania Routes 138 and 308 run together through the center of the borough as Main Street. By PA 308 it is south to Butler, the county seat.  According to the United States Census Bureau, West Sunbury has a total area of, all of it land.

Demographics.

As of the census of 2000, there were 104 people, 42 households, and 25 families residing in the borough. The population density was 1,021.8 people per square mile (401.5/km2). There were 47 housing units at an average density of 461.8 per square mile (181.5/km2). The racial makeup of the borough was 100.00% White. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 1.92% of the population.  There were 42 households, out of which 33.3% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 47.6% were married couples living together, 14.3% had a female householder with no husband present, and 38.1% were non-families. 31.0% of all households were made up of individuals, and 14.3% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.48 and the average family size was 3.19.  In the borough the population was spread out, with 26.9% under the age of 18, 7.7% from 18 to 24, 27.9% from 25 to 44, 22.1% from 45 to 64, and 15.4% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 36 years. For every 100 females there were 116.7 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 76.7 males.  The median income for a household in the borough was $25,625, and the median income for a family was $33,750. Males had a median income of $27,000 versus $15,750 for females. The per capita income for the borough was $12,643. There were 14.8% of families and 21.3% of the population living below the poverty line, including 32.1% of under eighteens and 12.5% of those over 64.

Schools.

Students in the borough and surrounding region belong to the Moniteau School District Children in kindergarten through sixth grade receive education at the only elementary school, Dassa McKinney, located east of borough. Students continue their education at Moniteau Jr./Sr. High School, located to the north of borough.

West Sunbury is a borough in Butler County, Pennsylvania, United States. The population was 192 at the 2010 census. West Sunbury is the current home for The Baptiste Corp.


Early life.

Carlson was raised in a Lutheran family in Anoka, Minnesota, the daughter of Karen Barbara (Hyllengren) and Lee Roy Carlson. She is of Swedish descent. Her grandfather was the pastor of the then second-largest Lutheran church in the United States. She graduated from Anoka-Hennepin School District 11's Anoka High School, where she was a 1984 class valedictorian. One of her childhood babysitters was Michele Bachmann, the future Republican congresswoman.  Growing up, Carlson was a violinist, who played on radio and television.  In 1984, Carlson was elected as one of the Anoka Homecoming attendants. She won the title of Miss Minnesota in 1988.  Carlson graduated from Stanford University, where she studied organizational behavior. While there, she spent a study-abroad year at Oxford University, studying the works of Virginia Woolf.  In September 2011, Carlson was named to the inaugural class of the Anoka High School Hall of Fame.

Career.

Television news work.

A year after becoming Miss America in 1989, Carlson secured a role on WRIC-TV as a co-anchor on the network and political commentator. "Style Weekly" deemed it a coup for WRIC-TV as it was a "low-rated channel" at the time. In 1992, she joined WCPO-TV as a media commentator and remained at the station for a period of two years. She later worked at WOIO, where Carlson and her colleague Denise Dufala, became the first women to co-anchor a primetime major-market newscast.  Next, Carlson was the co-anchor of the Saturday edition of "The Early Show" on CBS along with Russ Mitchell. She joined CBS News as a correspondent in 2000 and began working on "The Early Show" in 2002. Before her tenure at CBS, she served as a weekend anchor and reporter for KXAS-TV in Fort Worth, Texas, and was an anchor and reporter at WOIO-TV in Cleveland, Ohio, and for WCPO-TV, in Cincinnati. She began her television career in Richmond, Virginia, as a political reporter for WRIC-TV. She was moved to "Fox & Friends" initially as a weekend substitute host. But on September 25, 2006, a shifting of anchors, which included E.D. Hill moving to the 10 a.m. hour of "Fox News Live", opened a weekday slot on "Fox & Friends", which she filled. She co-hosted with Steve Doocy and Brian Kilmeade for several years. She left "Fox & Friends" in September 2013 to anchor a one-hour daytime program, "The Real Story with Gretchen Carlson", beginning in the fall of 2013, taking part of the slot opened by Megyn Kelly's move to primetime.

Sexual harassment lawsuit settlement and A&E.

On July 6, 2016, Carlson filed a sexual harassment lawsuit against Fox News chairman Roger Ailes in the Superior Court of New Jersey and confirmed on her Twitter account that she was no longer with Fox News. In her complaint, Carlson alleged that she was fired from her program for refusing Ailes' sexual advances. Ailes at the time claimed the accusations were false, while the law firm representing Carlson claimed ten other women had contacted them to speak of Ailes' behavior at Fox News.  Carlson's allegations received widespread media coverage. After Carlson came forward, six more women spoke to Gabriel Sherman of "New York" magazine, alleging that Ailes had sexually harassed them and that Ailes "spoke openly of expecting women to perform sexual favors in exchange for job opportunities." Shortly thereafter, Carlson sat down for an interview with John Koblin of "The New York Times", saying, "I wanted to stand up for other women who maybe facing similar circumstances."  As the case progressed, Carlson reached out directly to her fans, thanking them in a series of Twitter videos and offering her support for fellow victims of sexual harassment. She also criticized Fox's attempt to force her claims to be adjudicated via closed-door mandatory arbitration rather than in court. Fox filed court papers arguing that Carlson was compelled by her contract to adjudicate her claims in arbitration. Carlson said: "Forcing victims of sexual harassment into secret arbitration proceedings is wrong, because it means nobody finds out what really happened."  After Ailes resigned on July 21, 2016, Carlson said she felt "relief that now I would be believed," though she also "felt angry that it took so long" for Ailes to step down.  On September 6, 2016, 21st Century Fox announced that it had settled the lawsuit with Carlson. The settlement was reportedly $20 million. As part of the settlement, 21st Century Fox apologized to Carlson, saying, "We sincerely regret and apologize for the fact that Gretchen was not treated with the respect and dignity that she and all of our colleagues deserve."  In April 2018, Carlson reached a first-look development deal with A&E Networks, under which she would host three documentary specials across its channels, such as Lifetime. "Gretchen Carlson: Breaking the Silence" focuses on the every woman story of workplace sexual harassment and premiered on Lifetime on January 14, 2019.  In December 2019, Carlson wrote an opinion article in New York Times, stating that she still cannot disclose what happened to her due to a nondisclosure agreement, but that it was her desire to be able to do so.

Women's Rights Advocate & Miss America Chairwoman.

In 2017, Carlson released her second book, "Be Fierce". The book discussed cases of sexual harassment and went onto be a "New York Times" bestseller. She also appeared on two TED talks, one discussing women's rights and sexual harassment in the workplace, and the other discussing the hyper-partisan political times we live in and how we might come together as a nation to solve issues.  On January 1, 2018, Carlson was elected chairwoman of the board of directors of the Miss America Organization, a volunteer position. Shortly after joining as Chairwoman, Carlson's first major decision was to remove the swimsuit competition from the pageant, following a unanimous vote from the Board of Directors. It was reported in CNN that Carlson's goals were to transition the pageant into "Miss America 2.0", where the swimsuit competitions would be replaced with on-stage interviews. The move aimed to shift focus from appearances to achievements, in light of the recent Me Too movement.  The move divided opinion mostly within the organization. Months into her tenure as Chair of the Board of Miss America, 22 states held a vote of no confidence in the leadership of both Carlson and CEO Regina Hopper demanding their resignations, citing a lack of transparency and adherence to best practices.  Calls for resignation came as several board members (according to themselves) were abruptly forced to resign. Former Miss Americas Kate Shindle and Laura Kaeppeler Fleiss listed "toxic culture" as their reason for departing from the board in June 2018. Former Miss North Carolina Jennifer Vaden Barth and Former Miss Maine Valerie Crooker Clemens, detailed they were forced to resign when Carlson issued a letter stating they were trying to gain control of the organization, the "Wall Street Journal" reported.  On August 10, 2018, 11 former Miss Americas released a statement calling for both Carlson and Hopper to resign. The former Miss Americas say that following an email scandal that resulted in the exit of the former CEO and chairman of the board Sam Haskell in December 2017, they were given the opportunity to install "our very own sisters." Former titleholders assumed temporary co-chair roles on the board. From there, Carlson was supposed to head up a national search to find a new CEO. The letter continued on to say that Carlson "selected the sole candidate for board consideration and together they have taken the organization in a direction that we do not condone." Hopper helped orchestrate the removal of previous leadership by leaking emails to the attention of Dick Clark Productions, which eventually dropped the organization. In August 2018, Miss America 2018 Cara Mund wrote a letter to her fellow Miss America titleholders alleging that Carlson and Hopper "silenced me, reduced me, marginalized me, and essentially erased me in my role as Miss America." Mund went on to say that after the new board took over in January, she "was given three talking points" and told to stick to them: That "Miss America is relevant"; that "the #MeToo movement started with a Miss America"; and that both she and Carlson were graduates of elite colleges.  In early 2019, it was announced that the Miss America brand would return to NBC. The return was seen as a coup for Miss America under Carlson's leadership, as it would raise much-needed funds prior to its 100th anniversary. After securing the network deal, Carlson resigned from the pageant in June 2019.

In popular culture.

"The Loudest Voice" miniseries.

In 2019, Carlson's career at Fox News was portrayed on the Showtime miniseries, "The Loudest Voice". Her role as co-anchor at Fox News was depicted by actress Naomi Watts. Watts stated in interviews that the story of Carlson was "inspiring" and that she dealt with multiple scenarios with "dignity and grace."  Other cast members included Russell Crowe as Roger Ailes, Seth MacFarlane as Brian Lewis and Sienna Miller as Beth Tilson. The fifth episode in the series portrayed the deteriorating working relationship between Carlson and Ailes from 2012 onwards. Many incidents were portrayed to the public for the first time, since Carlson was unable to speak directly about the events, due to a confidentiality clause in the settlement between her and Fox News.  "The Loudest Voice" portrayed a number of events at Fox News which were set up by executives to discredit Carlson shortly before she left the organization. Naomi Watts spoke of one such event in an interview, where a random guest was put on her show shortly before it aired live, with the sole goal of attacking Carlson on live television.  The series aired the audio recordings taken by Carlson during her time at Fox News for the first time. The recordings were of various incidents at Fox where Carlson was sexually harassed by Ailes and other colleagues at Fox News. The show also follows the incidents leading up to Carlson reporting the sexual harassment she received. "The Loudest Voice" then portrayed her demotion and the events that followed her filing the internal complaint, many of which were recorded. The recordings went on to play a major part in the settlement negotiations between Carlson and Fox News.

"Bombshell" film.

"Bombshell", a film portraying Carlson's career at Fox News, was released on December 13, 2019. Carlson is played by Nicole Kidman, with other cast members including Margot Robbie as Kayla Pospisil (a composite character), Charlize Theron as Megyn Kelly, and John Lithgow as Roger Ailes. The film follows events at Fox News in the run-up to Ailes resigning from the organization.

Publications.

"Getting Real".

"Getting Real" was Carlson's first book, which was released in 2015. Since the book was released prior to her leaving Fox News, the book focuses predominantly on Miss America and the challenges women face when in certain roles. During an interview with "The National Review", Carlson stated "I faced negative stereotypes immediately after becoming Miss America. It was like my résumé evaporated...When people don't want to debate you on the smart issues of the day, it's just a lot easier to call you a dumb blonde from Fox."  In her memoir, Carlson alluded to sexism and other forms of discrimination she and others had faced. Following the Roger Ailes case, many media commentators revisited "Getting Real" with a fresh approach. Some stated that the book was Carlson's first steps to standing up to the harassment she had faced while working at Fox News.

"Be Fierce".

In 2017, she released her second book, "Be Fierce: Stop Harassment And Take Your Power Back". Carlson used the publication as a platform to tell the stories of women from across the United States who had experienced sexual harassment. During interviews, women gave multiple examples of how they had been objectified by male coworkers.

Philanthropy and awards.

In 2017, Carlson created the ""Gift of Courage Fund"" and also the Gretchen Carlson Leadership Initiative (GCLI). The GCLI partnered with All In Together, with the aim of helping individuals who had suffered from ""gender-based violence, discrimination, and harassment."" At the time of launch, the initiative was held across thirteen cities in the United States.  "USA Today" reported that Carlson would be donating all the proceeds from her second book to the Gift of Courage fund. In 2018, the fund also supplied the grant to create the Gretchen Carlson March of Dimes Advocacy Fellows, a program that selected 20 women from across the country to become more civically involved in promoting legislation and policies benefitting women and children.  Carlson has frequently supported Miss You Can Do It, a pageant where it is ""more important than the contestant's outfits is what is in their hearts."" Founded by Abbey Curran, a former Miss Iowa USA winner who was born with cerebral palsy, the pageant honors girls and young women who live with special needs and challenges.  In 2016, Carlson served as the pageant's MC.

Personal life.

On October 4, 1997, Carlson married sports agent Casey Close. They live in Greenwich, Connecticut, with their two children.  She announced on "Fox & Friends" on June 9, 2009, also repeated on Glenn Beck's Fox News program, that her parents' car dealership had been selected for closure as part of the General Motors reorganization and bankruptcy. A year later, the "Star Tribune" reported that "It took an act of Congress, a national TV appeal and maybe a little bit of history on the owners' side, but Main Motor, the Anoka car dealership that Lee and Karen Carlson's family has owned for 91 years, will keep its General Motors dealership after all."  Despite both having worked for Fox News, she is of no relation to commentator Tucker Carlson.

Gretchen Elizabeth Carlson (born June 21, 1966) is an American journalist, author, and former television commentator. She was named one of "Time" magazine's 100 Most Influential People In The World in 2017. Carlson was the 1989 Miss America while representing her native state of Minnesota. She graduated from Stanford University with honors before embarking on a career in television. Gaining experience as anchor and reporter for several local network affiliates, she joined CBS News as a correspondent in 2000 and became the co-host of the Saturday edition of "The Early Show".


Cathedral of St. Andrew (Little Rock, Arkansas)

History.

The Rev. Peter Donnelly from the Diocese of St. Louis celebrated the first Mass in Little Rock in a room over Dugan's Store at 2nd and Main Streets in 1830. As the congregation grew they acquired a building for their use on East Markham near Third Street. The Rev. Joseph Richard Bole and Father Paris were sent to Little Rock to build a permanent church building in 1839 on the property where the Arcade Building was located on Louisiana between Sixth and Seventh Streets. Known as the Old French Church, it was dedicated by Bishop Mathias Loras of the Diocese of Dubuque, Iowa in 1841. The Diocese of Little Rock was established by Pope Gregory XVI on November 28, 1843 with the Most Rev. Andrew Byrne as the first bishop.  Bishop Byrne established the first St. Andrew's Cathedral at Second and Center Streets in 1845. As the congregation grew a new cathedral was needed. The cornerstone for the present cathedral was laid by Bishop Edward Fitzgerald on July 7, 1878. The church was dedicated on November 27, 1881. It was designed by Little Rock architect Thomas Harding and cost $470,000 to build. The tallest tower on the façade of the building was completed in 1887.  A tornado struck downtown Little Rock in 1950 and toppled the cross on top of the tower. It also destroyed two of the stained glass windows. The present rectory was built in 1966. St. Andrew's Cathedral was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1986.

Architecture.

The Cathedral of St. Andrew is a Gothic Revival style structure that was built of native granite. The church measures in length and its nave is wide. The façade features two towers, the tallest of which is crowned with a spire and rises above the ground. The interior is finished in Southern yellow pine and features a marble high altar that is decorated with onyx and other precious stones.

The Cathedral of Saint Andrew in Little Rock, Arkansas, United States, is a historic church and the oldest place of continuing worship in the city. It is the seat of the Roman Catholic Diocese of Little Rock. The property is located at the corner of South Louisiana Street and West 7th Street in downtown Little Rock.


Lancaster Township, Butler County, Pennsylvania

Geography.

Lancaster Township is located along the western border of Butler County, with Beaver and Lawrence counties to the west. The township includes the unincorporated community of Middle Lancaster.  Interstate 79 passes through the township with no exits. The nearest access points from I-79 are Exit 88 to the south in Jackson Township and Exit 96 to the north in Muddy Creek Township. U.S. Route 19, the Perry Highway, is a parallel local road that passes through the center of Middle Lancaster.  According to the United States Census Bureau, the township has a total area of, of which, or 0.03%, is water.

Demographics.

At the 2000 census there were 2,511 people in 906 households, including 755 families, in the township. The population density was 107.4 people per square mile (41.5/km2). There were 932 housing units at an average density of 39.9/sq mi (15.4/km2). The racial makeup of the township was 99.00% White, 0.24% African American, 0.24% Asian, 0.04% Pacific Islander, 0.08% from other races, and 0.40% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 0.44%.  There were 906 households, 36.4% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 73.0% were married couples living together, 6.1% had a female householder with no husband present, and 16.6% were non-families. 13.8% of households were made up of individuals, and 3.2% were one person aged 65 or older. The average household size was 2.77 and the average family size was 3.04.  The age distribution was 25.9% under the age of 18, 6.2% from 18 to 24, 31.0% from 25 to 44, 27.4% from 45 to 64, and 9.6% 65 or older. The median age was 39 years. For every 100 females, there were 107.0 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 101.3 males.  The median household income was $49,524 and the median family income was $53,621. Males had a median income of $39,286 versus $25,962 for females. The per capita income for the township was $21,845. About 5.1% of families and 6.7% of the population were below the poverty line, including 10.6% of those under age 18 and 5.0% of those age 65 or over.

Lancaster Township is a township in Butler County, Pennsylvania, in the United States. As of the 2010 census, the township population was 2,532.


History.

Loras College, a liberal arts college, was founded in 1839 by the Most Rev. Bishop Mathias Loras, first bishop of Dubuque, who established Saint Raphael's Seminary to educate young men for the priesthood with the expressed intention of also providing an opportunity for higher education to the citizens of the area. Loras later became President of the college. The college has functioned under several different names: Saint Raphael's Seminary and later Saint Raphael's Academy (1839–1850), Mount St. Bernard's College and Seminary (1850–1873), St. Joseph's College (1873–1914), Dubuque College (1914–1920), and Columbia College (1920–1939). The present name was adopted during the school's centennial in 1939. That same year, the national Catholic honor society, Delta Epsilon Sigma was founded at the college, by Father Fitzgerald. From the time of its founding, the college has devoted its faculty and facilities to an undergraduate program; it conferred the Bachelor of Arts and Bachelor of Science degrees.  In 1963, when The Catholic University of America decided to discontinue its branch program of graduate study on the Loras campus, Loras College, realizing the growing need in the locale for study beyond the baccalaureate degree, initiated its Graduate Division offering the Master of Arts degree in some fields.  The College became coeducational in the fall of 1971. In 1973, the Associate of Arts and the Associate of Science degrees were introduced. The Division of Community Education was initiated in 1975.  Both the Undergraduate College and the Graduate Division of Loras College are accredited by the North Central Association of Colleges and Schools. The teacher education program, both at the graduate and undergraduate level, is accredited by the Iowa Department of Education. The undergraduate teacher education program is also accredited by the National Council for Accreditation of Teacher Education. The American Chemical Society has approved the undergraduate chemistry program. The Council of Social Work Education has accredited the social work major at the baccalaureate level.

Academics.

Loras offers 49 majors, 11 stand-alone minors, and nine pre-professional programs for undergraduates. Undergraduates can also participate in summer classes, internships, field experience, study abroad, and other programs.  For graduate programs, Loras offers a Master of Arts in clinical or general psychology, school counseling, education STEM, and a master's degree Business Administration with a focus on business analytics.

Athletics.

Loras’ athletic teams are known as the Duhawks, a name bestowed upon the football team by a "Detroit Free Press" scribe in 1924 converging Dubuque and Hawks. The school fields 23 men’s and women’s varsity teams in the NCAA Division III. They are a member of the American Rivers Conference (ARC), Midwest Women's Lacrosse Conference (MWLC), and the Midwest Collegiate Volleyball League (MCVL). Loras’ colors are Purple, Rah Rah Gold, and Metallic Gold. The men's soccer team has advanced to the NCAA Division III Final Four five times since 2007, and once to the NCAA Division III Championship game in 2015. Denise Udelhofen ('90) serves as the Director of Athletics for the Duhawks and is assisted by head men's soccer coach and Director of Soccer Operations, Dan Rothert ('96). Jim Naprstek ('13) serves as the Director of Athletic Communications for the Duhawks after his hiring in March 2014.

Campus.

Loras sits on a campus located atop several hills in Dubuque. The grounds are bounded by Loras Boulevard on the south, Kirkwood Street on the north, Henion Street on the east, and Alta Vista Street on the west. The campus is surrounded by residential neighborhoods on all sides, some of which are among the most historic in the city. The college consists of 23 buildings, 2 athletic fields, a stadium, and 5 tennis courts. Because of its high location, several of the buildings provide excellent views of Downtown Dubuque and the Mississippi River.  Some of the more notable buildings include:

Expansion.

The college has been expanded over the years. The Alumni Campus Center was built in 1992, and added a new library in 2001. The Academic Resource Center contains a collection of approximately 355,000 items and 11,000 magazine subscriptions. In addition to its broad general collection, the library contains a rich heritage in its special collections of rare books, as well as the photographs and manuscripts in the Center for Dubuque History located in the lower level of the library. The library is also an official document depository for both the United States government and the state of Iowa. The previous library, Wahlert Memorial Library, was remodeled into classroom space.  The college has purchased Cox Street which runs through campus from the city of Dubuque for $50,000. The school has since shut the street down and replaced it with a pedestrian friendly walk way to improve pedestrian safety and help upgrade the area aesthetically. In 2015, a school spirit shop, The Duhawk Shop, and Einstein Bros. Bagels opened at the corner of Loras Boulevard and the new Loras Parkway.

St. Pius X Seminary.

St. Pius X Seminary is run under the auspices of the Archdiocese of Dubuque. The seminary prepares Minor (College) Seminarians for the priesthood, specifically preparing candidates for entrance into Major Seminary & Theological studies. Through Loras, the seminary provides full training in Philosophical studies, while giving students the necessary religious studies courses required for entrance into Major Seminary. The seminary has operated under various names and conditions at Loras College since 1839 until adopting its present name in 1954. St. Pius X has prepared countless Seminarians across Iowa & surrounding states for the priesthood, counting over 30 Bishops as alumni. Currently, the seminary is housed at the Vianney House and serves Seminarians of the Archdiocese of Dubuque and the Diocese of Des Moines. The current rector of St. Pius X Seminary is Fr. David Schatz and the spiritual director is Fr. Tom McDermott.

Alumni and faculty.

Loras College currently counts over 30 bishops as alumni. Notable graduates and faculty of Loras College include:

Loras College is a Catholic college in Dubuque, Iowa. It has an enrollment of approximately 1,600 students and is the oldest post-secondary institution in the state of Iowa. The school offers both undergraduate and graduate degree programs. It is one of four four-year post-secondary institutions in the City of Dubuque, one of four Catholic colleges in the Archdiocese of Dubuque, and one of six Catholic colleges in the state of Iowa.