Description.

Male upperside: somewhat more than half the forewing from base velvety black, apical half dull fuliginous; cell-area with or without two short transverse orange bars; a blue patch above, the tornus; the outer margin of the basal black area obliquely zigzag in a line from the middle of costa to apex of vein 2, including a large discal, generally obscure ocellus, which, however, in some specimens is prominently ringed with orange yellow. Beyond this a broad white irregularly oblique discal band followed by a short oblique preapical bar from costa; a small black orange-ringed ocellus beneath the bar, a subterminal continuous line of white spots in the interspaces and a terminal jet-black slender line; cilia alternately dusky black and white. Hindwing blue shaded with velvety black towards base; a postdiscal black white-centred orange and black-ringed ocellus in interspace 2, a round minutely white-centred velvety-black spot (sometimes entirely absent) in interspace 5; the termen narrowly white, traversed by an inner and an outer subterminal and a terminal black line; cilia white.  Underside forewing: basal half with three black-edged, sinuous, broad, ochraceous-orange transverse bands, followed by the pale discal baud; ocelli, preapical short bar, subterminal and terminal markings much as on the upperside; the discal band margined inwardly by a broad black angulated line which follows the outline of the black area of the upperside. Hindwing irrorated (sprinkled) with dusky scales and transversely crossed by subbasal and discal slender zigzag brown lines and a postdiscal dark shade, on which are placed the two ocelli as on the upperside; subterminal and terminal faint brown lines, and a brownish short streak tipped black at the tornal angle below the lower ocellus.  Female. Similar, with similar but larger and more clearly defined ocelli and markings; the basal half of the forewings and hindwings on the upperside fuliginous (sooty) brown, scarcely any trace of blue on the hindwing. Antennae brown, head reddish brown, thorax and abdomen above brownish black: palpi, thorax and abdomen beneath dull white.

Life history.

Larvae.

"Head and body of a very dark shining black shading into brown.... head on a short neck, latter of an orange colour for a short distance; caudal extremity also tipped with orange. Body covered with perpendicular spines armed with strong radial hairs.... Head bifurcated, reddish spot in centre of face, a small spinous process in the angle of each eye." (Forsayeth in de Nicéville)

Pupae.

The pupa is "suspended by tail, naked; wing-covers of a muddy yellow; rest of body of a purplish colour variegated by lines of a dull creamy white. Slight projections of an angular nature along abdomen." (Idem.)

Adults.

The adults occur in open areas, often sitting on bare ground. This species has a stiff flap and glide style of flight and maintains a territory, driving away other butterflies that enter it.

Food plants.

Larval host plants are recorded from the families Acanthaceae, Annonaceae, Convolvulaceae, Labiatae, Plantaginaceae, Scrophulariaceae, Verbenaceae, Violaceae and specific plants are "Angelonia salicariifolia", "Annona senegalensis", "Antirrhinum majus", "Asystasia gangetica", "Asystasia scandens", "Buchnera linearis", "Englerastrum scandens", "Hygrophila salicifolia", "Hygrophila senegalensis", "Ipomoea batatas", "Justicia micrantha", "Justicia procumbens", "Lepidagathis formosensis", "Lepidagathis prostrata", "Misopates orontium", "Phyla nodiflora", "Plantago amplexicaulis", "Plectranthus scandens", "Pseuderanthemum variabile", "Striga asiatica", "Striga hermonthica", "Thunbergia alata", "Viola odorata"  In southern Africa the food plants are; "Graderia subintegra", "Cycnium adonense", "Hygrophila" species and "Plectranthus" species.

Junonia orithya is a nymphalid butterfly with many subspecies occurring from Africa, through southern and south-eastern Asia, Cambodia and in Australia. In India, its common English name is the blue pansy, but in southern Africa it is known as the eyed pansy as the name "blue pansy" refers to "Junonia oenone". In Australia, this butterfly is known as the blue argus, but this name also is used for the "Aricia anteros" in Europe.


West Indian cricket team in New Zealand in 2017–18

Squads.

Ahead of the first Test, Tom Blundell and Lockie Ferguson were added to New Zealand's squad as cover for BJ Watling and Tim Southee respectively. George Worker was added to New Zealand's squad ahead of the first test after Tim Southee was ruled out due to a family reason. Southee returned for the second Test, following the birth of his child. The West Indies captain Jason Holder was suspended for the second Test, after maintaining a slow over-rate. Kraigg Brathwaite was named as the captain of the West Indies for the second Test in Holder's absence.  For New Zealand, Kane Williamson and Tim Southee were selected only for the first ODI with Neil Broom and Mitchell Santner replacing them for the last two ODIs. Tom Latham was named as captain for the last two ODIs. Sunil Ambris was ruled out of the West Indies' squad for the ODI series, after sustaining a fracture of the left forearm on the final day of the second Test. Colin de Grandhomme was ruled out of New Zealand's ODI squad due to a family reason and was replaced by Doug Bracewell.  Ahead of the limited-overs fixtures, Marlon Samuels, Sunil Narine and Alzarri Joseph were all ruled out of the West Indies' squad. Sheldon Cottrell and Chadwick Walton replaced Samuels and Joseph respectively in the ODI squad. Shimron Hetmyer was also named as Sunil Ambris' replacement for the ODIs following his injury in the second Test. Shai Hope replaced Samuels in the T20I squad, while Ashley Nurse replaced Narine.  Adam Milne injured his foot ahead of the second ODI and was replaced by Seth Rance in New Zealand's squad. Tim Southee was named as New Zealand's captain for the first T20I with Kane Williamson captaining the side for the last two matches. Ross Taylor was selected for the first T20I only while Trent Boult was selected for the third T20I only.  Prior to the T20I series, Kieron Pollard withdrew from the West Indies' squad due to personal reasons and was replaced by Shimron Hetmyer. Ronsford Beaton was also unavailable for the West Indies due to an injury and was replaced by Sheldon Cottrell.

The West Indies cricket team toured New Zealand in December 2017 and January 2018 to play two Tests, three One Day Internationals (ODIs) and three Twenty20 International (T20I) matches. Three Tests were originally planned, but it was reduced to two by New Zealand Cricket (NZC) to conform to the expected tour make-up when the ICC World Test Championship is implemented. Ahead of the Test series, a three-day tour match was planned, which started on 25 November 2017.


Design.

"PT-617" is a "PT-103"-class ELCO motor torpedo boat. The hull was constructed of two layers of mahogany planking laid diagonally over laminated spruce, white oak, and mahogany frames, reinforced with longitudinal battens, secondary transverse frames, and clamps. A layer of fabric, impregnated with marine glue, was laid between the two layers of planking.  The boat had a displacement of (fully loaded) and was in length, with a beam of, and a draft of. Her three liquid-cooled, supercharged, 12-cylinder Packard 4M-2500 engines each drove a single shaft, giving the boat a top speed of. With a full load of 3,000 gallons (9 tons) of high octane aviation fuel she had a maximum cruising radius of.  "PT-617" was very heavily armed for her size with four Mark 13 torpedoes, a and two guns in the bows, a Bofors 40 mm gun at the stern, and two twin.50 caliber M2 Browning machine guns in mounts each side of the cockpit. There were also two depth charges mounted on racks on the stern, along with a smoke generator. Two Mark 50 rocket launchers and a mortar were also installed. In addition the crew were issued with small arms, each man carrying a M1911.45 caliber pistol, and the boat carried a.30 caliber Browning Automatic Rifle, M1903 Springfield.30-06 bolt-action rifles,.45 caliber Thompson submachine guns, 3-inch rockets, and Mk 2 grenades.

Ship history.

"PT-617" was built by the Electric Launch Company of Bayonne, New Jersey. Laid down on 29 March 1945, and launched on 28 July, she was not completed until 21 September, after the end of the war. The boat was assigned to MTB Squadron 42 and slated for service with the Pacific Fleet, but this was later cancelled. The boat was placed out of service on 28 January 1946, and finally sold on 23 October 1947.  In private hands the boat served as a yacht, and as a salvage and as a diving platform. She was bought by PT Boats, Inc. in 1979, and after restoration to her World War II configuration officially went on display on 1 September 1985.

Motor torpedo boat PT-617, also known as Big Red Cock and Dragon Lady, "is the sole surviving 80' Elco type PT boat and represents the United States's most heavily used, highly favored, and combat-tested PT boat type in World War II." She is a museum ship at the PT Boat Museum in Fall River, Massachusetts. The Elco type boat was the predominant type and is the same type as the famous commanded by John F. Kennedy; the "Higgins" boat is the other type.


Early life and education.

Douglas Stanford was born in Anacortes, Washington. He attended Anacortes Senior High school. Stanford graduated from the Stanford University in 2009 with B.S. in physics and mathematics. He did his M.S. in physics from University of Cambridge in 2010. He earned his Ph.D. in 2014 from Stanford University, under the guidance of Leonard Susskind.

Career.

Research.

Stanford worked at Institute for Advanced Study, Princeton from September 2014 to April 2019 as a post-doctoral researcher. He worked with Juan Maldacena on his and Leonard Susskind's ER-EPR conjecture of the equivalence of wormholes (the ER stands for Einstein-Rosen Bridge) and EPR for quantum entangled particle pairs. The assumption arose as a suggestion to explain the information paradox of black holes, which was heightened by the firewall paradox of Joseph Polchinski. During this time, he worked with Edward Witten on Fermionic localization of the Schwarzian theory. In 2019, Stanford joined Stanford University as an assistant professor. As of now, he is an associate professor of physics at Stanford Institute for Theoretical Physics.

Awards and honours.

In 2017, Douglas Stanford was awarded the Blavatnik Awards for Young Scientists for his works in quantum gravity and condensed matter physics. In 2018, Stanford was awarded the New Horizons in Physics Prize by Fundamental Physics Prize Foundation for his work on improving the understanding of quantum mechanics of black holes via chaos theory. The prize is worth $100,000. In 2019, Stanford was awarded the Gribov Medal by the European Physical Society for his work on quantum chaos and its relation to the near-horizon dynamics of black holes.

Douglas Stanford is an American theoretical physicist. He is an associate professor of physics at Stanford Institute for Theoretical Physics of Stanford University. His research interests include quantum gravity, quantum field theory and string theory. Stanford was awarded the 2018 New Horizons in Physics Prize by Fundamental Physics Prize Foundation for his work on improving the understanding of quantum mechanics of black holes via chaos theory.


History.

Minocqua was officially organized in the year 1889. Although there are varying explanations regarding the meaning of the word "Minocqua", most credit its origin to the Island's first inhabitants, the Ojibwe. The town Minocqua is named after, "Ninocqua", the Ojibwe name that is defined as "noon-day-rest".  In the late 1800s, Minocqua was a logging town. Minocqua Clawson was the first white child born in the town. Clawson Hill was a famous landmark in town, and it is now the current location of the Pointe Resort & Hotel at the south end of the Highway 51 bridge.  The construction of railroads was a critical component of Minocqua's early growth. The Milwaukee Road originally came to the area to provide access to timber. Later, railroads catered to sportsmen and tourists, transforming Minocqua into the vacation getaway it remains to this day. The two railroad trestles that brought trains to the Island are still intact and serve as the trailhead for the Bearskin State Trail that provides hiking and biking in summer, and snowmobiling in winter.  Much of the town's business district was destroyed by a major fire in 1912. Many of the buildings on the main street today were designed and built after the fire. Although the last several decades have brought a higher percentage of visitor-oriented retail stores, the downtown still retains a U.S. post office, banks, restaurants, and a barbershop. The Island, Minocqua's city center, contains the Campanile Center for the Arts, the Minocqua Police Department, Minocqua Fire Department, and the Minocqua Community Center, which houses the town offices and public library.  Landmarks on the Island include Torpy Park, the Belle-Isle building, the Minocqua Community Center, Bosacki's Boathouse (now The Boathouse), T Murtaugh's Pub, and the Thirsty Whale. Town offices and the Minocqua Public Library are located in the Minocqua Community Center. Bosacki's Boat House burned to the ground in 1972. Although state regulations prohibited the structure being rebuilt over water, a public outcry convinced the DNR to allow it to be rebuilt where it had originally stood.

Geography.

According to the United States Census Bureau, the town has a total area of 168.1 square miles (435.4 km2), of which, 150.8 square miles (390.6 km2) of it is land and 17.3 square miles (44.8 km2) of it is water. The total area is 10.29% water.  Termed the "Island City," a portion of the town is situated on what was an actual island, which is accessible by bridge on Highway 51 and "the fill" to the north. Much of Minocqua has sandy soil, although areas of the far northwest and the northeast are clay. The majority of the soil is highly acidic and many areas are covered by forests.  The highest point in Minocqua is Squirrel Hill, located near Winter Park (1735 ft). The highest structure in Minocqua is the Lakeland Sanitary District water tower, a steel tank on Hwy 51 North put in place in the 1960s during the winter.  The community of Bo-di-Lac (short for "Booth-Diamond-Lac du Flambeau) is located in the western portion of the town bordered by Squirrel Lake, Diamond Lake, Booth Lake, and the town of Lac du Flambeau.

Demographics.

As of the census of 2010, there are 4,385 people living in the town occupying 2,079 households. There are a total of 4,835 housing units in town of which 2,493 are seasonal in nature.  The racial makeup of the town is 96.1% White, 0.2% African American, 1.7% Native American, 0.8% Asian, 0.1% from other races, and 1.2% from two or more races. 0.8% of the population are Hispanic or Latino of any race.  26.4% of the town's population is age 65 or older while 16.3% is below the age of 18. The median age is 51.6 years.  The average household size is 2.11 persons.

Transportation.

The Lakeland Airport (KARV) is located 3 miles northwest of the central business district of Minocqua.  The Rhinelander-Oneida County Airport (KRHI) located 25 miles to the southeast serves Minocqua, Oneida county and surrounding communities with both scheduled commercial jet service and general aviation services.

Government.

The town board, consisting of a town chairman and four supervisors, is responsible for governing the citizens of Minocqua. There have been 30 town chairmen in the history of Minocqua. The list of early town chairmen include A.O. Dorwin, Lincoln Abraham, Jacob Huber, Thomas Bolger, William Schlecht, and Dr. Torpy.  Minocqua is entirely located in Wisconsin's 34th Assembly, 12th Senate, and 7th Congressional District, and is represented by State Representative Rob Swearingen and Congressman Tom Tiffany. The 12th Senate district is current open following the election of Senator Tom Tiffany to the US Congress on May 12, 2020.

Education.

Minocqua has a public elementary school, Minocqua-Hazelhurst-Lake Tomahawk Elementary School, a private Lutheran elementary/middle school, Trinity Lutheran School, and a high school, Lakeland Union High School.

Tourism.

Tourism plays a substantial role in the economy of Minocqua. As a forested lake community, there are many outdoor summer activities, such as fishing, camping, waterskiing, boating, hiking, bike riding, berry collecting, and swimming.  A business strip runs through the downtown ("The Island"), with tourist attractions and shopping. Minocqua's nightlife includes bars hosting live music in the summer. A Fourth of July parade is presented annually. Events include dancing, live music, fireworks, and a Min-Aqua Bat waterski and boat show.  During the fall, rifle and bow hunting draw many visitors, as does the annual downtown merchants' Beef-a-Rama held the last Saturday in September. Winter activities include snowmobile festivals, Nordic (cross country) skiing, ice fishing, downhill skiing in nearby hills, snow tubing, sleigh rides, and snowmobiling. Minocqua is home to Minocqua Winter Park, a cross-country skiing venue, as well as a sledding hill and ice-skating pond.  Minocqua is home to one of the world's oldest amateur water ski teams, the Min-Aqua Bats. The Min-Aqua bats have been performing at the Aqua Bowl for 70 summers now, as a nonprofit organization and will open up the 71st season in June 2020.  Arts activities include the Campanile Center for the Arts which operates year-round, offering an array of high quality artists to captivate, intrigue and inspire audiences. The Campanile also provides music, theater, and visual art instruction.

Museums.

The Minocqua Museum is located in Minocqua. Its exhibits portray Minocqua’s early days.  The U.S. flag that was lowered by the last U.S. soldiers to depart from the Vietnam War, is on exhibit at the American Legion Post in Minocqua.

Minocqua is a town in northwestern Oneida County, Wisconsin, United States. The population was 4,388 as of 2017. The census-designated place of Minocqua and the unincorporated community of Rantz are both located in the town. Minocqua is commonly referred to as "The Island City."


Early life.

Kathleen Troia was born on July 22, 1951, in Madison, Wisconsin, where she grew up as the oldest of four siblings. Her father was a train dispatcher for the Chicago and Northwestern Railroad.  She later said that her father had persistent rage issues and that she was beaten at least twice a month between the age of 2 and 12. "I had one of the most difficult childhoods imaginable. I was beaten up, I was whipped with a belt, I was kicked, I was shoved, and my father took a gun to us on a couple of occasions at a very young age". She said she avoided further beatings by staying away from home as much as possible and leaving home at the age of 18. In 2006, her father emphatically denied any such behavior; in response, she stood by her statements but requested "privacy for a family that I love and forgave many years ago". She later said that Disney heroines helped her overcome obstacles and inspired her to believe that women could achieve whatever they wanted.  Troia graduated from Madison West High School in 1969.

Education and early government positions.

Troia studied at the Elliott School of International Affairs of the George Washington University in Washington, D.C. In 1970 she worked part-time at the Nixon White House for Henry Kissinger's National Security Council staff. She was on the nighttime typing pool, which meant that she typed the President's Daily Brief. Intrigued by U.S. foreign policy and Nixon's 1972 China visit, Troia majored in Chinese studies, and graduated from George Washington in 1973.  She continued to work in the White House during the Ford administration as a research assistant and at times assisted or filled in for the NSC press liaison. She is sometimes considered a Kissinger protégée. In December 1975, an Associated Press story quoted the 24-year Troia extolling Secretary of State Kissinger in keeping the world's image of the United States strong during the Nixon's impeachment.  After working in the Ford administration, with a desire to be "taken really seriously", Troia studied on scholarship at Oxford University, where she earned a combined bachelor's degree in Politics, Philosophy, and Economics, and was later conferred a master's as is convention in Oxford.  Troia attended the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, where she studied nuclear weapons, China, and the Soviet Union for three years toward a Ph.D., but ended up as an "all but dissertation" case. The title of her unfinished thesis was "The Sino-Soviet nuclear confrontation of 1969 from the point of view of the Herman Kahn stepladder period of escalation". A second thesis attempt may have been entitled "The President's Strategic Defense Initiative".  She returned to Washington, D.C., in 1981 following the election of Ronald Reagan as President and the new Republican majority in the U.S. Senate and became a member of the Senate Armed Services Committee staff, working for chair John Tower. There she worked on the preparation of committee briefings and talking points.

Reagan administration.

In the Reagan administration, when she was known informally as Kathy Troia, she started working as speechwriter for U.S. Secretary of Defense Caspar Weinberger in March 1982. Specifically, she worked on his "Six Tests for the Use of U.S. Military Power" speech, sometimes considered a forerunner of the Powell Doctrine.  Speechwriting was a significant activity in the Reagan administration because it forced a decision to be reached among battling factions, sometimes with the president intervening to settle a policy matter. Similar battles took place within the Pentagon, and she said that speeches were used to "short-circuit layers and layers of conflicting interests" in the defense bureaucracy. She likened the particular process she and Weinberger used to the traditional negative response model of the Book of the Month Club: "We'd send out the speech draft with a note saying that if we haven't heard from you by a certain day, we'll assume you agree. The responses were quick and usually on the major issues."  In December 1983 she was promoted to Principal Deputy to Michael I. Birch, the Assistant Secretary of Defense for Public Affairs. She later served as Pentagon spokesperson, with newspaper articles from that time describing her as a "senior Pentagon spokeswoman". She was reportedly under consideration for the Assistant Secretary position. She stayed in this position until around November 1984.

2006 Senate campaign.

In 2006, McFarland ran in the Republican primary in the United States Senate election in New York for a seat held by Democrat Hillary Clinton. She was a late entrant – not forming an exploratory committee until March 2006 – who was recruited once the leading Republican, Westchester County District Attorney Jeanine Pirro, saw her candidacy implode.  McFarland had considered a congressional race to challenge Democratic incumbent Carolyn Maloney of Manhattan, but demurred on the grounds of unlikelihood of success. Nonetheless she wanted to make a point by running as a Republican in New York, saying: "I spent 20 years of my life fighting against single party rule. It was called the Soviet Union and Communism then. But we are now allowing our system in the United States to have single party rule in many states. I am worried that we are dividing into Blue States where the Republicans don't run and Red States where Democrats don't run. That's counter to the whole concept of the United States as a place for competitive debates and competitive elections".  In the Republican nomination race for Senate, McFarland described herself both as a "moderate Republican" and a "Reagan Republican". She was pro-choice. She ran into trouble with a March 2006 comment that appeared to allege that the Clinton campaign had been flying helicopters low over her Southampton, New York, house and spying on her, or that Clinton forces had rented an apartment across from her $18 million duplex on Park Avenue; she later said she had been joking, but the episodes upset her. In May, McFarland's campaign manager Ed Rollins made a variety of coarse personal remarks against her opponent, former Yonkers Mayor John Spencer. All in all, the contest between Spencer and McFarland started ugly and got uglier.  McFarland's candidacy was plagued by media and other allegations that she overstated her credentials. "The New York Times" reported that McFarland's claim that she had written part of Ronald Reagan's "Star Wars" speech was false and had actually been written by Reagan's "top national security advisers", which did not include McFarland. Regarding her being the highest-ranking woman of her time at the Reagan Pentagon, the newspaper reported that this was also false and that two women at the Pentagon at the time held higher ranks. Also at issue was her claim that she had been the first female professional staff member of the Senate Armed Services Committee, which she had not been. Finally, the Spencer campaign objected to her assertion that she had held a civilian rank equivalent to that of a three-star general.  Her inconsistent record of voting in prior New York state elections also became an issue, with her having missed 6 of the last 14 votes. To this charge she responded at the time that she had no excuses, and later conceded that the "realities of family life took precedence". She maintained voting addresses in two different places at the same time, Manhattan and Southampton, sometimes voting in one and sometimes in the other, which was a possible felony under state law. In response, her lawyer conceded that what she did was in violation of election law but said: "there was no criminal intent, no venality here... This is a case of the boards of elections not doing their jobs... She should have been turned away". She emphasized that she had never voted twice and promised to cancel the Southampton registration. Troubled by these disclosures, as well as issues in her personal life, by late June her campaign was just about out of money. She then loaned her campaign $100,000 of her own money. On August 22, McFarland announced that she would be suspending her campaign until further notice after her daughter was caught shoplifting in Southampton.  In the September 12 primary, McFarland was defeated by Spencer 61% to 39%, amid historically low turnout. Despite her loss, her campaign manager Ed Rollins praised her for "a good fundraising effort" and being "a tireless candidate". Spencer went on to lose 31% to Clinton's 67% in the November general election.

Political commentator.

In 2010, McFarland regularly appeared on Fox News as a commentator, wrote a weekly column on FoxNews.com, and hosted an online talk show called "Defcon 3", a reference to DEFCON, the United States' defense readiness levels. She also appeared regularly on Fox News Radio, ABC Radio, WMAL, and WVOX.  In this role, McFarland was highly critical of President Obama's approach to combating terrorism, saying he failed to acknowledge the threat that "global Islamist jihad" posed to "Western Civilization". After the ISIL beheading incidents in 2014, she said Obama had "stuck his head in the sand" and said it was a "dereliction of duty" for "playing a lot of golf".  On the U.S. diplomatic cables leak, McFarland called Julian Assange a terrorist, WikiLeaks "a terrorist organization", and called for the death penalty for Chelsea Manning (whom she referred to as Bradley Manning) if the soldier was found guilty of making the leaks. On waterboarding, she said, "It's not torture, but even if it is torture, it's worth doing".  As a commentator, McFarland often expressed doubts about globalism and the value of U.S. interventions abroad. Regarding the 2011 military intervention in Libya, she characterized it as "insane". In 2016, she applauded the Brexit vote in approval of withdrawal from the European Union. In other cases she advocated for either strong action or none at all: "Either bomb Iran, or let Iran get the bomb." She dismissed putative Saudi support for the Iranian nuclear agreement, saying "they are Arabs, they are not going to say something to your face that will upset you... it's not what they say, it's what they do."  In 2013, McFarland wrote that Vladimir Putin deserved a Nobel Peace Prize for his actions during the Syrian Civil War. In 2014, following the annexation of Crimea, she tweeted, "Putin seizes countries, Obama threatens maybe to kick Russia out of the G-8 club. Bet Putin's sorry now! Winners write history, not whiners." She said the United States might be able to find "common ground" with Putin.  McFarland was a board member of The Jamestown Foundation from June 2008 until her appointment as Deputy National Security Advisor in 2017. She also served as a distinguished advisor to the Foundation for Defense of Democracies. She is a senior fellow at the American Conservative Union.

Trump administration.

Transition.

On November 25, 2016, it was reported that McFarland was selected as President-elect Donald Trump's Deputy National Security Advisor, a position that does not require Senate confirmation. McFarland had no existing relationship with Trump before his campaign but knew his two older sons from their appearances on Fox News, while he liked her appearances on that channel. It would represent McFarland's first government position in over 30 years. Following her selection, McFarland pulled down her website and expunged her public social media accounts.  The selection surprised some people given McFarland's length of time away from government and the fact that she had little experience with intense extra-hours positions and personnel and crisis management. However, her former boss Henry Kissinger praised the selection. Retired general Michael T. Flynn, who had been selected as President Trump's national security adviser, had ties to McFarland and tweeted a welcome to her. Hawk and former Senator Joe Lieberman also praised McFarland for being "one of our country's most experienced, informed and wise foreign policy and national security experts".

Deputy National Security Advisor.

Once in office, McFarland's style annoyed some of the more non-political staffers on the NSC. She repeated the "Make America Great Again" mantra to career employees and mentioned that she was wearing shoes from the Ivanka Trump apparel line, giving other NSC staffers the impression she was too political.  On February 8, 2017, McFarland arranged a meeting in order to reduce and remove the United States sanctions against Venezuela between National Security Council members and major Trump campaign fundraisers Wadie Habboush, an international investor, and Gentry Beach, a Dallas billionaire who is also a hunting friend of Donald Trump Jr.. Jeff Liddle, who is Beach's attorney, denied that the meeting took place.  On February 14, 2017, Flynn announced his resignation after he became embroiled in controversy regarding discussions he had with Russian officials, but one report quoted McFarland as intending to stay on, at Trump's request. Further reports indicated that a requirement for any replacement in the position was that McFarland be kept on as that person's number two, which was a disincentive for some potential nominees, including Vice Admiral Robert Harward. General H. R. McMaster was eventually named Flynn's replacement.  In mid-March 2017, Dina Habib Powell was named as another Deputy National Security Advisor, with an emphasis on strategy. According to "Politico", the appointment had been "designed to effectively push out McFarland", who was "seen as a weak deputy". The increasing problems surrounding Flynn also made McFarland vulnerable due to the ties between the two.  On April 9, 2017, it was reported that McFarland had been asked to step down from her position after less than three months in the role but that she had been offered a position as the U.S. Ambassador to Singapore. McFarland said she viewed the move in a positive light, as a "promotion", and a White House official encouraged the interpretation. She would remain as Deputy National Security Advisor for some amount of time, although probably not all the way until her planned ambassadorial confirmation.  The shuffle was supposed to take place in a fortnight, but that intention did not work out, and after a month went by the shift had still not happened, reportedly pending McMaster's selection of a replacement for McFarland. McFarland continued to perform some duties during this time, such as meeting with the Prime Minister of Australia. She also gave Trump a known online hoax about mainstream media's supposed hypocrisy about climate change in respect to the 1970s global cooling conjecture. According to another report, McFarland was still favored by Trump, who did not understand why her departure was necessary.

Ambassadorial nomination and Special Counsel investigation.

After Ricky L. Waddell was nominated to succeed her as Deputy National Security Advisor on May 10, 2017, she was officially announced as Trump's nominee for U.S. Ambassador to Singapore on May 19, 2017. Singapore-based newspaper "The Straits Times" noted that all U.S. Ambassadors to Singapore had been political appointees since 1986. On June 15, 2017, McFarland was formally nominated by the White House, and her confirmation hearing before the Senate Foreign Relations Committee took place on July 20, 2017, during which she described Singapore's importance with the real estate maxim "location, location, location". McFarland also stated that she believed Russia had interfered in the 2016 U.S. elections. On September 19, McFarland's confirmation was approved by the Committee and was sent on to the full Senate, but as of the end of November her nomination was not scheduled for a vote in the full Senate.  On December 1, Robert Mueller's Special Counsel investigation named McFarland as one of the people involved with Michael Flynn, her former supervisor, and Jared Kushner in developments leading up to Flynn's guilty plea to lying to the Federal Bureau of Investigation. In particular, Kushner and McFarland reportedly briefed Flynn on what to say about. The next day, an email McFarland wrote during the transition surfaced; it read: "If there is a tit-for-tat escalation Trump will have difficulty improving relations with Russia, which has just thrown U.S.A. election to him." After talking to Kislyak, Flynn informed McFarland of the contents of the conversation, who in turn passed on the information to one of her colleagues.  In response to these revelations, Senate Foreign Relations Committee ranking members Mark Warner and Dianne Feinstein suggested that she testify before Congress, Cory Booker questioned whether McFarland had been fully forthcoming in her previous testimony, and Committee Chair Bob Corker pronounced her nomination "frozen". By December 5, committee Democrats had placed a formal Senate hold on her nomination.  At the end of 2017, the U.S. Senate sent McFarland's nomination back to the White House rather than tabling it until 2018, along with other pending nominations. On January 10, 2018, the administration renominated McFarland.  On February 2, 2018, McFarland withdrew her nomination, writing "I have come to this decision reluctantly, because I believe in your mission" in her resignation letter to Trump. In response, Trump blamed the Democrats, noting that they "chose to play politics rather than move forward with a qualified nominee for a critically important post" even though Senate Republicans could have approved her nomination unilaterally given their majority, which suggests that some of them may have been hesitant to approve her.  In September 2018 it became known that she had indeed walked back her story to the special prosecutor. The FBI accepted McFarland's contention that she had not misstated factualities intentionally.

Awards and honors.

In 1985, McFarland received the Department of Defense's highest civilian honor, the Distinguished Civilian Service Award.  At the 2015 CPAC meeting, the Clare Boothe Luce Policy Institute awarded McFarland its Woman of the Year award.  In November 2016, the American Conservative Union selected McFarland as its "Conservative in the Spotlight", with ACU chair Matt Schlapp calling her "not only a brilliant strategist with a wealth of global affairs knowledge, but... also an expert communicator who knows how to effectively deliver clear and concise messages to grassroots activists".

Personal life.

Troia married Alan Roberts McFarland (born 1942) on January 12, 1985, at the National Cathedral in Washington, D.C. He was a general partner in Lazard Frères and went on to become a well-known investment banker.  In 1985, K. T. McFarland became a stay-at-home mother. The couple had three children together, along with two from his first marriage to whom she became stepmother. During the next two decades, McFarland says she "taught Sunday school, served as a class mother, directed school plays, headed a preschool library, and sang in the church choir". She and her husband joined a number of exclusive New York clubs and country clubs. Her youngest daughter attended the United States Naval Academy.  McFarland had two brothers, Tom and Michael. Michael died of an AIDS-related illness on June 8, 1995. Prior to his death, McFarland outed her brother as gay to her parents, blaming his homosexuality on family abuse and cutting off contact with her parents. In 2006, her surviving brother Tom Troia, in defense of their father, told the "New York Post", "If I had one word to describe my sister, it would be 'evil'". McFarland has since reconciled with her parents.  In 2000, McFarland started doing some work for the Foreign Policy Association, booking speakers for ladies' lunches. She is a life member of the Council on Foreign Relations.

Kathleen Troia "K. T." McFarland (born Kathleen M. Troia on July 22, 1951) is a former U.S. government official, and political commentator. She served as Deputy National Security Advisor under Michael Flynn for the first four months of the Trump administration. She was asked to step down by Flynn's successor H. R. McMaster; news of her pending nomination as U.S. Ambassador to Singapore was reported at the same time. President Trump nominated her in May 2017; she withdrew it in February 2018 due to concerns around her answers related to links between Trump associates and Russian officials, in particular about discussions between Flynn and Russian ambassador Sergey Kislyak.


Bow Creek (Big Wapwallopen Creek tributary)

Course.

Bow Creek begins on Arbutus Peak in Fairview Township. It flows south for several tenths of a mile until reaching the community of Glen Summit, where it turns west and crosses Pennsylvania Route 437. The creek then receives two unnamed tributaries from the left before briefly turning north and then turning back south again and continuing west-northwest. After several tenths of a mile, it enters Rice Township, receives an unnamed tributary from the right, and crosses Pennsylvania Route 309 before turning southwest for nearly a mile until it reaches its confluence with Big Wapwallopen Creek on the border between Wright Township and Rice Township.  Bow Creek joins Big Wapwallopen Creek upstream of its mouth.

Tributaries.

Bow Creek has no named tributaries. However, it does have several unnamed tributaries. One of these is known as Bow Creek Tributary A. The watershed of this tributary has an area of.

Hydrology.

The concentration of alkalinity in the waters of Bow Creek is 10 milligrams per liter.  Three volatile organic compounds have been detected in surface water in the watershed of Bow Creek: 1,1-Dichloroethene, 1,2-Dichloroethene, and trichloroethene. The maximum observed concentrations of these compounds were 60 nanograms per liter, 3.6 micrograms per liter, and 24 micrograms per liter, respectively. Wastewater was discharged into the creek by the RCA in the 1970s.  The peak annual discharge of Bow Creek at its mouth has a 10 percent chance of reaching 550 cubic feet per second and a 2 percent chance of reaching 920 cubic feet per second. It has a 1 percent chance of reaching 1100 cubic feet per second and a 0.2 percent chance of reaching 1600 cubic feet per second. At the mouth of Bow Creek Tributary A, the peak annual discharge of Bow Creek has a 10 percent chance of reaching 352 cubic feet per second. It has a 2 percent chance of reaching 560 cubic feet per second, a 1 percent chance of reaching 675 cubic feet per second, and a 0.2 percent chance of reaching 1000 cubic feet per second.  At a location approximately upstream of Black Walnut Drive, the peak annual discharge of Bow Creek has a 10 percent chance of reaching 250 cubic feet per second. It has a 2 percent chance of reaching 430 cubic feet per second and 1 percent chance of reaching 520 cubic feet per second. The chance of the creek's discharge peaking at 770 cubic feet per second in any given year is 0.2 percent.  Part of Bow Creek was dry during the summer and early autumn of 2007.

Geography and geology.

The elevation near the mouth of Bow Creek is above sea level. The elevation near the stream's source is between above sea level.  The headwaters of Bow Creek are on a mountain known as Arbutus Peak.  The upper reaches of Bow Creek are mostly on a glacial or resedimented till known as the Wisconsinan Till. However, there are some areas containing bedrock consisting of sandstone, shale, conglomerate, and coal. The same is true in the lower reaches of the watershed, but there are also areas of alluvium along the creek near its mouth.

Watershed.

The watershed of Bow Creek has an area of. The stream's mouth is in the United States Geological Survey quadrangle of Wilkes-Barre West. However, its source is in the quadrangle of Wilkes-Barre East.  The entire length of Bow Creek is in private land. The creek and its unnamed tributary sometimes flood, but since their floodplains are in relatively undeveloped areas, such floods typically cause little damage. A wetland known as the Bow Creek Fen is located in the creek's watershed.

History.

Bow Creek was entered into the Geographic Names Information System on August 2, 1979. Its identifier in the Geographic Names Information System is 1170043.  In the early 1900s, the Luzerne County commissioners received approval to construct a bridge across Bow Creek in Wright Township. A concrete tee beam bridge carrying Pennsylvania Route 309 was constructed over Bow Creek in 1929. It is long and is located in Wright Township. In 2013, the bridge received a weight restriction of 28 tons (35 tons for combination loads).  In the 1970s, the Pennsylvania Department of Economic Resources had a significant amount of interest in Bow Creek. In addition to periodic stream surveys, they performed electrofishing surveys and determined diversity index values for benthos. A request was made in 2012 to redesignate Bow Creek and several dozen other streams as High Quality Coldwater Fisheries due to the fact that they already met the requirements for Class A Wild Trout Waters status.

Biology.

Bow Creek is considered by the Pennsylvania Fish and Boat Commission to be Class A Wild Trout Waters for both brook trout and brown trout from its headwaters to its mouth. A 298-acre tract of land owned by the North Branch Land Trust in Fairview Township contains a section of the creek that is said to be "teeming" with native brook trout. The main stem of the creek from Pennsylvania Route 309 to its mouth is designated as a Coldwater Fishery and a Migratory Fishery. However, its existing uses are High-Quality Coldwater Fishery and Migratory Fishery.  In the early 1970s, Bow Creek was nearly devoid of aquatic life and its streambed was covered in large populations of "Sphaerotilus", a sewage bacterium. However, five years later, it was "a showplace" and a "cold-water trout stream" with substantial fish populations. The change was made over a three-year period by two teams, one consisting of state government environmentalists and one consisting of people from the industry.

Bow Creek is a tributary of Big Wapwallopen Creek in Luzerne County, Pennsylvania, in the United States. It is approximately long and flows through Fairview Township and Wright Township. The watershed of the creek has an area of. The creek has no named tributaries, but several unnamed ones, such as Bow Creek Tributary A. Bow Creek has been historically nearly devoid of life, but is now considered to be Class A Wild Trout Waters. There is a bridge carrying Pennsylvania Route 309 across the creek. Wisconsinan Till, alluvium, and bedrock consisting of sandstone, shale, conglomerate, and coal occur in the watershed. Several volatile organic compounds have been detected in small amounts in surface water in the watershed. The creek occasionally floods, but such flooding typically causes little damage.


Types.

Many examples of this have been used over the years.

Bedford levitator.

In this early configuration by Bedford, Peer, and Tonks from 1939, an aluminum plate is placed on two concentric cylindrical coils, and driven with an AC current. When the parameters are correct, the plate exhibits 6-axis stable levitation.

Levitation melting.

In the 1950s, a technique was developed where small quantities of metal were levitated and melted by a magnetic field of a few tens of kHz. The coil was a metal pipe, allowing coolant to be circulated through it. The overall form was generally conical, with a flat top. This permitted an inert atmosphere to be employed, and was commercially successful.

Linear induction motor.

Eric Laithwaite and colleagues took the Bedford levitator, and by stages developed and improved it.  First they made the levitator longer along one axis, and were able to make a levitator that was neutrally stable along one axis, and stable along all other axes.  Further development included replacing the single phase energising current with a linear induction motor which combined levitation and thrust.  Later "traverse-flux" systems at his Imperial College laboratory, such as Magnetic river avoided most of the problems of needing to have long, thick iron backing plates when having very long poles, by closing the flux path laterally by arranging the two opposite long poles side-by-side. They were also able to break the levitator primary into convenient sections which made it easier to build and transport.

Null flux.

Null flux systems work by having coils that are exposed to a magnetic field, but are wound in figure of 8 and similar configurations such that when there is relative movement between the magnet and coils, but centered, no current flows since the potential cancels out. When they are displaced off-center, current flows and a strong field is generated by the coil which tends to restore the spacing.  These schemes were proposed by Powell and Danby in the 1960s, and they suggested that superconducting magnets could be used to generate the high magnetic pressure needed.

Inductrack.

Inductrack is a passive, fail-safe magnetic levitation system, using only unpowered loops of wire in the track and permanent magnets (arranged into Halbach arrays) on the vehicle to achieve magnetic levitation. The track can be in one of two configurations, a "ladder track" and a "laminated track". The ladder track is made of unpowered Litz wire cables, and the laminated track is made out of stacked copper or aluminium sheets.  There are two designs: the Inductrack I, which is optimized for high speed operation, and the Inductrack II, which is more efficient at lower speeds.

Electrodynamic bearing.

Electrodynamic bearings (EDB) are a novel type of bearing that is a passive magnetic technology. EDBs do not require any control electronics to operate. They work by the electrical currents generated by motion causing a restoring force.

Uses.

Trains.

In EDS maglev trains, both the rail and the train exert a magnetic field, and the train is levitated by the repulsive force between these magnetic fields. The magnetic field in the train is produced by either superconducting magnets (as in SCMaglev) or by an array of permanent magnets (as in Inductrack). The repulsive force in the track is created by an induced magnetic field in wires or other conducting strips in the track. A major advantage of the repulsive maglev systems is that they are naturally stable - minor "narrowing" in distance between the track and the magnets creates strong forces to repel the magnets back to their original position, while a slight increase in distance greatly reduces the force and again returns the vehicle to the right separation. No feedback control is necessarily needed.  Repulsive systems have a major downside as well. At slow speeds, the current induced in these coils by the slow change in magnetic flux with respect to time, is not large enough to produce a repulsive electromagnetic force sufficient to support the weight of the train. Moreover, the energy efficiency for EDS at low speed is low. For this reason the train must have wheels or some other form of landing gear to support the train until it reaches a speed that can sustain levitation. Since a train may stop at any location, due to equipment problems for instance, the entire track must be able to support both low-speed and high-speed operation. Another downside is that the repulsive system naturally creates a field in the track in front and to the rear of the lift magnets, which act against the magnets and create a form of drag. This is generally only a concern at low speeds, at higher speeds the effect does not have time to build to its full potential and other forms of drag dominate.  The drag force can be used to the electrodynamic system's advantage however, as it creates a varying force in the rails that can be used as a reactionary system to drive the train, without the need for a separate reaction plate, as in most linear motor systems.  Alternatively, propulsion coils on the guideway are used to exert a force on the magnets in the train and make the train move forward. The propulsion coils that exert a force on the train are effectively a linear motor: an alternating current flowing through the coils generates a continuously varying magnetic field that moves forward along the track. The frequency of the alternating current is synchronized to match the speed of the train. The offset between the field exerted by magnets on the train and the applied field creates a force moving the train forward.

Principles.

When a conductive loop experiences a changing magnetic field, from Lenz's law and Faraday's law, the changing magnetic field generates an Electromotive Force (EMF) around the circuit. For a sinusoidal excitation, this EMF is 90 degrees phased ahead of the field, peaking where the changes are most rapid (rather than when it is strongest):

Electrodynamic suspension (EDS) is a form of magnetic levitation in which there are conductors which are exposed to time-varying magnetic fields. This induces eddy currents in the conductors that creates a repulsive magnetic field which holds the two objects apart.


Description.

Cole's Hill rises steeply from the shore of Plymouth Bay, near Plymouth Rock, the traditional landing site of the Pilgrims in 1620. It is now bounded by Water, North, Carver, and Leyden Streets. The hill is landscaped with grassy areas, low shrubs, and some trees, and trails wind their way around the hill. A granite staircase rises from Water Street to the summit of the hill. A number of monuments and memorials are on the hill, most of which date to the tercentenary (300-year anniversary) celebration of the Pilgrim landing in 1920. These include a Cyrus Dallin statue of the Wampanoag sachem Massasoit ("c." 1581–1661), whose support was critical to the Pilgrims' survival. At the southern end of the hill stands a granite sarcophagus erected by the General Society of Mayflower Descendants in 1920. It contains skeletal remains accidentally disinterred from the hill in the 18th and 19th centuries, which are believed to be those of "Mayflower" settlers buried here in the winter of 1620-21 when 52 out of 102 died. Two stone benches, one placed by the Pennsylvania Society of New England Women, the other by the Society of the Daughters of Colonial Wars, face seaward.

History.

The Pilgrims built their first houses on Leyden Street rising from the side of Cole's Hill to Burial Hill, and the hill was used in 1620–1621 as a burial ground during their first winter in New England. It is not known whether Cole's Hill was used again as a burying ground between that winter and 1637 when the main town cemetery was established at what is now called Burial Hill. Among those whose remains may have been interred on Cole's Hill are John Carver, Elizabeth Winslow, Mrs. Mary Allerton, Rose Standish, Christopher Martin, Solomon Powers, William Mullins, William White, Degory Priest, Richard Britteridge, John and Edward Tilley and Thomas Rogers. The total burials may have been between 45 and 50.  Cole's Hill was later deeded to Samuel Fuller ("c." 1580–1633), a church deacon and the colony's physician. It afterward became the property of James Cole, who arrived in 1633 and kept a tavern on the hill in the 1640s. It is from him that the hill's name derives: "Cole's Hill" first appears in town records in 1698. Older oral tradition, however, maintained that the first burying ground of the Pilgrims was here. The hill soon lost its identity as a cemetery. Its commanding view of Plymouth Harbor made it a natural site for defensive works. In 1742, the General Court of Plymouth granted a sum of money to the town to erect a battery here. In 1775, the old defense having gone to seed, a new one was built and manned and continued to be kept up during the Revolutionary War. In 1814 still another fort was thrown up here and its commander was placed in charge of companies of soldiers who were billeted in the town.  In the 18th and 19th centuries, various remains were uncovered at Cole's Hill and attributed to the victims of the winter of 1620–21. This seemed to substantiate the earlier oral tradition. Between 1735 and 1883, the remains of at least 11 people were recovered. A summary of these was provided by John A. Goodwin: In a storm of 1735 a torrent pouring down Middle Street made a ravine in Cole's Hill and washed many human remains down into the harbor. In 1809 a skull with especially fine teeth was exposed. In 1855 these graves were exposed in laying the public conduit on Cole's Hill. In one grave lay two skeletons, pronounced by surgeons male and female. The man had a particularly noble forehead; and it was fondly surmised that here were the remains of Mr. and Mrs. Carver. These found a new grave on Burial Hill; but the other relics, with barbaric taste, were placed in the top of the stone canopy over Forefathers' Rock. In 1879, during some work on the southeast side of the hill, many more bones were unearthed, and some, with questionable taste, were carried away by the spectators in remembrance of their "renowned sires"... The fact that some of the skeletons were laid out on an east–west axis with heads to the west—a long-standing tradition with Christian burials—is taken as evidence that these were not Wampanoag Indian remains. Additionally, the fact that no personal items were buried with the bodies further suggests that they were European burials. (Photographs of some of the bones, "circa" 1920, are on display at the nearby Pilgrim Hall Museum).  Meanwhile, Cole's Hill had been acquired by the recently founded Pilgrim Society in 1820. There was once a granite slab on the hill at the foot of Middle Street, describing the discovery of the bones and the location where they had been found. (This slab is now stored at the Town Farm.) An inscription stated: On this hill The Pilgrims who died the first winter were buried. This tablet marks the spot where lies the body of one found Oct. 8, 1883. The body of another found on the 27th of the following month lies 8 feet northwest of the westerly corner of this stone. Erected 1884" About 1920, the layout of Carver Street at the foot of Middle Street was moved somewhat to the west, which necessitated the purchase and removal of buildings. This was done to permit the erection of the present sarcophagus on the place where some bones had been found, as nearly as it could be determined. At this time the hill was transformed into a public park as part of the preparations for the tercentenary celebration. The existing buildings having been removed from the hill, paths and plantings were added.  Cole's Hill was declared a National Historic Landmark in 1960, and was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1966.

Cole's Hill is a National Historic Landmark containing the first cemetery used by the "Mayflower" Pilgrims in Plymouth, Massachusetts in 1620. The hill is located on Carver Street near the foot of Leyden Street and across the street from Plymouth Rock. Owned since 1820 by the preservationist Pilgrim Society, it is now a public park.


Career.

Pool.

Kateryna Polovinchuk was born on 24 November 1995. In June 2010, she became Ukrainian junior champion in all four disciplines (Straight pool, Eight-ball, Nine-ball, Ten-ball). In December 2010, Polovyntschuk beat Viktorija Nahorna 6-3 and became Ukrainian champion for the first time, shortly after her 15th birthday.  In 2011 she won all four titles at the Ukrainian Junior Championship.  In 2012 she was again four times national junior champion. At the 2012 Ukrainian championship, she won the straight pool with a 75–55 final victory over Viktorija Nahorna. In nine-Ball she defended her title with a 7–1 final victory against Alina Holubjewa. Polovinchuk won in three disciplines at the 2013 Ukrainian Junior Championship. However, she lost the 10-ball final to Ljubow Schyhailowa. At the Ukrainian championship in 2013 she won the titles in straight pool, ten-ball, and for the third consecutive year in nine-ball. When she last participated in the Ukrainian Junior Championship, in 2014, she won all four championship titles for the fourth time. At the end of 2014 she became Ukrainian champion in straight pool and eight-ball after final victories against Ljubow Schyhailowa. In December 2015 she became Ukrainian champion in all disciplines, winning in all four finals against Viktorija Nahorna.  At the 2016 European Pool Championships, Polovinchuk reached the final in eight-ball, in which she lost 3–6 to Kristina Tkach 3–6 despite having taken a 3–1 lead.  In September 2017, she won the Kaunas Open with a 7–1 final victory against the Lithuanian Evaldas Sutkus. She later reached the semi-finals at the Klagenfurt Open and was eliminated against Chen Siming. At the 2017 Ukrainian Championship, she took part in three of the four competitions and reached the final three times, each time meeting Daryna Sirantschuk. After Polovinchuk had become Ukrainian champion endlessly for the sixth time in a row in straight pool and for the fourth time in a row in eight-ball, she lost 6–7 in the nine-ball final.

Snooker.

In December 2014, Polovinchuk became Ukrainian champion, with a 3–2 final victory over Daryna Sirantschuk.

Personal life.

Polovinchuk studied at the Economics and Business Faculty of Mykolas Romeris University, graduating at the top of her class in January 2019.

Achievements.

Source: tournamentservice.net (unless otherwise stated)

External link.

Videos (kozoom.com)

Kateryna Polovinchuk (; born 24 November 1995 in Kiev) is a Ukrainian pool player. She has won Ukrainian national championships across different disciplines 20 times, and in 2016 she was runner-up in the European Eight-ball Championship.


Junior career.

As a junior curler, Dupont competed in five consecutive World Junior Curling Championships with Denmark from 2006 to 2010. Denmark's best result was in 2009, when they won their first ever junior title. Dupont's all-time World Junior Curling Championship personal record is 22-19.

Professional career.

Dupont jumped into mixed curling, competing in the 2012 World Mixed Doubles Curling Championship with Mette de Neergard. They finished in 9th. He later curled at the 2015 World Mixed Doubles Curling Championship with his sister, Denise. They placed 5th.  At the 2014 European Curling Championships, Dupont and his team finished in ninth. However, Denmark had already qualified for the 2014 World Men's Championships the year before, and the Hvidore CC traveled to Beijing to compete. Dupont was an alternate, but ended up playing. Denmark finished in 12th.  Dupont has also competes at various World Curling Tour events, most recently the 2013 German Masters and 2014 Baden Masters.

Personal life.

Oliver comes from a curling family. Dupont's father, Kim, competed at the 1980 and 1981 World Junior Curling Championships. His mother, Gitte Larsen, won a bronze medal with Denmark at the 1990 World Women's Curling Championships. They both curled for Hvidore CC. His sister, Denise, has competed at the 2006 and 2010 Olympics, as well as nine World Championships. His other sister, Madeleine, competed at the 2010 Olympics, and won the Frances Brodie Award in 2004.  He is engaged to Russian curler Viktoria Moiseeva.

Oliver Dupont (born 16 January 1990) is a Danish curler. He won a gold medal at the 2009 World Junior Curling Championships.


History.

In 1803, Didymus C. Kinney and wife Phebe (Hartwell) purchased land and built a cabin in the southwest corner of the township, which has since been turned into a museum. The following year, a migration of Quaker settlers began.  The town was separated from the town of Hamburg in 1850 and was first named "Ellicott", after Joseph Ellicott, an agent of the Holland Land Company. Within months, the name was changed to the town of "East Hamburgh". Around 1934, the town was renamed "Orchard Park" after its principal settlement.  In the early 1900s, a large fire burned down most of the central part of the village of Orchard Park around South Buffalo Street.  The Buffalo, Rochester and Pittsburgh Railroad Station and the Johnson-Jolls Complex are listed on the National Register of Historic Places.

Geography.

Orchard Park is located at (42.7622, -78.7414). The village of Orchard Park is southeast of downtown Buffalo.  According to the United States Census Bureau, the town has a total area of, of which is land and, or 0.21%, is water.

Major routes.

U.S. Route 219 passes through the west part of the town and forms junctions with U.S. Route 20A (Quaker Street) and NY 179 (Milestrip Road).  U.S. Route 20 (Southwestern Boulevard) passes through the north part of the town and forms a junction with NY 277 and NY 240 (Orchard Park Road).

Demographics.

As of the census of 2010, there were 28,272 people, 11,553 households, and 7,656 families residing in the town. The population density was 717.7 people per square mile (277.1/km2). There were 10,644 housing units at an average density of 276.4 per square mile (106.7/km2). The racial makeup of the town was 97.9% White, 0.5% Black or African American, 0.2% Native American, 0.9% Asian, <0.1% Pacific Islander, 0.2% from other races, and 0.6% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 1.0% of the population.  There were 10,277 households out of which 33.7% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 64.3% were married couples living together, 7.6% had a female householder with no husband present, and 25.5% were non-families. 22.1% of all households were made up of individuals and 10.3% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.62 and the average family size was 3.09.  In the town, the population was spread out with 25.2% under the age of 18, 5.7% from 18 to 24, 25.6% from 25 to 44, 26.8% from 45 to 64, and 16.6% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 41 years. For every 100 females, there were 92.6 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 87.7 males.  The median income for a household in the town was $151,227, and the median income for a family was $112,906. About 1.1% of families and 2.4% of the population were below the poverty line.

Government.

The town of Orchard Park has a supervisor-council form of government. Elected at large positions are Supervisor, Council Member, Clerk, Highway Superintendent and Town Justice. Other appointed positions are Town Attorney and Deputy Attorney, Engineer, Assessor, Building Inspector, Recreation and Youth Services Director and Chief of Police.

Education.

The Orchard Park Central School District operates four K-5 elementary schools (Eggert, Ellicott, South Davis, and Windom), Orchard Park Middle School, and Orchard Park High School. The mascot for the Orchard Park's athletic teams is a Quaker.  Bryant & Stratton College is in Orchard Park. Erie Community College (ECC) is at the western town line.  Orchard Park also has a number of private, Catholic schools, including Nativity and St. John Vianney. Our Lady of the Sacred Heart (pre-k through 8), closed in 2014 after exhaustive research conducted by the Diocese of Buffalo on demographics, finances and educational relevance.

Culture.

Art.

The annual Orchard Park Festival of the Arts, an outdoor art and craft show, is held each year on the third weekend of September, on the campus of Orchard Park Middle School. It is sponsored by the Orchard Park Chamber of Commerce. It was organized as the Quaker Arts Festival in the 1960s by Orchard Parkers John Coleman of The Suburban Press and Chet Seymour of the Orchard Park Presbyterian Church, and was originally held on the grounds of the Orchard Park Presbyterian Church. It was run by the Orchard Park Jaycees from 1963 to 2017.

Music.

Since 1985, under the direction of the Orchard Park Council of the Arts, local businesses and the town of Orchard Park sponsor free outdoor musical entertainment throughout the summer at the pavilion bandstand on the grounds of the middle school.  Organized in 1949, the Orchard Park Symphony Orchestra, composed of more than 70 volunteer musicians, performs four regular concerts each year in the high school auditorium.  The Orchard Park Chorale was founded in 1975 under the sponsorship of the Adult Education Program of the Orchard Park School District. Its more than fifty singers perform regularly at the Orchard Park Presbyterian Church.

Food.

Orchard Park is home to Taffy's Hot Dog Stand at the corner of U.S. Route 20 and NY Rtes 240 & 277. Ted's Hot Dogs is located about 1/8 of a mile north. Big Tree Inn, Homegrown Bistro, Buffalo's Best Grill, Byrd House, Dove, Duff's, Eckl's, Mangia Ristorante, O'Neill's Stadium Inn, OP Social and Zebbs are other restaurants in town. The town is also home of the 3000th Tim Hortons restaurant location as well as Spot Coffee and Panera. Additional Orchard Park restaurants include Mighty Taco, a Buffalo-area chain restaurant, Charlie the Butcher, located adjacent to a Noco gas station, and the pizzerias Cappelli's, Leo's, Pappacino's, Pino's and Ricotta's (two locations). National chains include and are not limited to Red Robin, Denny's, McDonald's and Wendy's.

Orchard Park is a town in Erie County, New York, United States, and a suburb southeast of Buffalo. As of the 2010 census the population was 29,054. This represents an increase of 5.13% from the 2000 census figure. The town contains a village also named Orchard Park. Orchard Park is one of the "Southtowns" of Erie County and is best known as the site of New Era Field, home of the National Football League's Buffalo Bills.


Club career.

Early career.

Goss was born in Wegberg and grew up in Germany before moving to England at the age of eight. He joined the Exeter City youth system aged eight. In July 2012, he joined the Manchester United academy for an initial fee of £100,000, after impressing while on trial in a youth tournament in the Netherlands. In July 2015, he was included in the Manchester United first-team squad for a pre-season tour of the United States, and made an appearance against Paris Saint-Germain at Soldier Field on 29 July 2015. He was included in a match day squad for an official match for the first time on 21 November 2015, remaining on the substitutes bench as Manchester United won 2–1 against Watford at Vicarage Road in the Premier League.

Queens Park Rangers.

On 28 January 2017, having never made a senior appearance for Manchester United, Goss joined Queens Park Rangers on a three-and-a-half-year contract for a fee of £500,000. He made his professional debut on 1 February 2017, coming off the substitutes bench in a Championship game against Newcastle United at St James' Park which finished 2–2.  Goss moved on loan to Scottish Premiership club Rangers in January 2018, for the rest of the season. He made his competitive debut for the club on 24 January, in a 2–0 home win against Aberdeen, in which he was one of four debutants for the club. He scored his first goal for Rangers in a 2–1 loss against Hibernian on 3 February. Manager Graeme Murty said that he wanted to sign Goss on a permanent basis, which angered QPR manager Ian Holloway.  Having played one match for QPR in the EFL Cup in September 2018, on 31 January 2019, Goss returned to Scotland's top flight to join St Johnstone on loan until the end of the 2018–19 season. He played seven games for the team from Perth, starting on 3 February when they lost 2–0 at home to leaders Celtic.

Shrewsbury Town.

On 16 August 2019, Goss joined League One side Shrewsbury Town for an undisclosed fee. He made his debut for the club the following day, starting in a 0–0 draw at home to Rochdale. In his second appearance for the club, a 2–3 away win at Accrington Stanley on 20 August, Goss was awarded the man of the match award.

International career.

Goss is of Northern Irish descent through his grandparents, and in 2018 the manager of their national team, Michael O'Neill, sought to call him up to the team.

Sean Richard Goss (born 1 October 1995) is a German-born English professional footballer who plays as a midfielder for League One club Shrewsbury Town.


The ideal FDA.

For any input voltages the ideal FDA has infinite open-loop gain, infinite bandwidth, infinite input impedances resulting in zero input currents, infinite slew rate, zero output impedance and zero noise.  In the ideal FDA, the difference of the output voltages is equal the difference between the input voltages multiplied by the gain. The common mode voltage of the output voltages is not dependent of the input voltage. In many cases, the common mode voltage can be directly set by a third voltage input.  A real FDA can only approximate this ideal, and the actual parameters are subject to drift over time and with changes in temperature, input conditions, etc. Modern integrated FET or MOSFET FDAs approximate more closely to these ideals than bipolar ICs where large signals must be handled at room temperature over a limited bandwidth; input impedance, in particular, is much higher, although the bipolar FDA usually exhibit superior (i.e., lower) input offset drift and noise characteristics.  Where the limitations of real devices can be ignored, an FDA can be viewed as a Black Box with gain; circuit function and parameters are determined by feedback, usually negative. An FDA as implemented in practice is moderately complex integrated circuit.

DC behavior.

Open-loop gain is defined as the amplification from input to output without any feedback applied. For most practical calculations, the open-loop gain is assumed to be infinite; in reality it is obviously not. Typical devices exhibit open-loop DC gain ranging from 100,000 to over 1 million; this is sufficiently large for circuit gain to be determined almost entirely by the amount of negative feedback used. Op-amps have performance limits that the designer must keep in mind and sometimes work around. In particular, instability is possible in a DC amplifier if AC aspects are neglected.

AC behavior.

The FDA gain calculated at DC does not apply at higher frequencies. To a first approximation, the gain of a typical FDA is inversely proportional to frequency. This means that an FDA is characterized by its gain-bandwidth product. For example, an FDA with a gain bandwidth product of 1 MHz would have a gain of 5 at 200 kHz, and a gain of 1 at 1 MHz. This low-pass characteristic is introduced deliberately, because it tends to stabilize the circuit by introducing a dominant pole. This is known as frequency compensation.  A typical low cost general purpose FDA will have a gain-bandwidth product of a few megahertz. Specialty and high speed FDAs can achieve gain-bandwidth products of hundreds of megahertz. Some FDAs are even capable of gain-bandwidth products greater than a gigahertz.

A fully differential amplifier (FDA) is a DC-coupled high-gain electronic voltage amplifier with differential inputs and differential outputs. In its ordinary usage, the output of the FDA is controlled by two feedback paths which, because of the amplifier's high gain, almost completely determine the output voltage for any given input.


Career.

He qualified for the main tour for the 2008–09 season by beating Adam Duffy 6–3 in the 2008 English Pro Ticket Tour Play-offs. In his début season, he reached the last 64 of the Royal London Watches Grand Prix, beating Lewis Roberts 5–2 and Barry Pinches 5–4 before losing 2–5 to Jimmy Michie; in the China Open, Lee beat Matthew Selt and Paul Davies before losing at the same stage to Gerard Greene. Having earned £5,000 in prize money, Lee finished the season ranked 83rd and was relegated from the main tour.  As an amateur, Lee competed in the Players Tour Championship series between 2010 and 2016, without any success. He entered Q-School in 2018 in an attempt to win back a place on the main tour; in Event 1, he lost in the last 32, 0–4 to Thor Chuan Leong. He progressed one round further in Event 2, being eliminated 1–4 by Lu Ning in the last 16. At the final event, he beat Kuldesh Johal 4–2 in the quarter-finals to regain his professional status after a hiatus of nine years.  Lee lost the Last 64 2018 World Open 1–5 to Neil Robertson and lost the Last 128 2018 Paul Hunter Classic 3–4 to English Amateur player Reggie Edwards.

Personal life.

Lee was born in the United Kingdom, to parents who were emigrated from Hong Kong to the UK in 1975. His father was a Hong Kong policeman. He was educated at John Cleveland College and De Montfort University.

Andy Lee (born 27 November 1980), also known as Lee Chun Wai, is an English and Hong Kong professional snooker player.


History.

Cuchito's sisters and friends came together as a group, naming it after the Taino queen Anacaona. The septet made its first official appearance in February 1932, at the Payret Theater in Havana. Performing on the radio and also nightly in the "aires libres", open-air cafes, they soon found an enthusiastic audience. The members of the original 1932 septet were Isabel Álvarez, Berta Cabrera, Elia O'Reilly and the four Castro sisters–Ada, Olga "Bola", Cuchito and Ondina. Later on Caridad “Cachita”, Emma, Flora, Alicia, Argimira “Millo”, Xiomara and Yolanda joined the jazz band. Anacaona toured Cuba (1933), Puerto Rico (1935), Mexico (1936), Panama, Colombia and Venezuela (1937). In 1937 the septet published three records with RCA-Victor, then the worldwide leading music label. In the winter of the same year the Anacaona septet was the top act at a newly inaugurated night club on Broadway called „Havana Madrid“. The band was invited to perform at NBC's New York radio station, at the Hotel Commodore, Hotel Pierre, and the Waldorf Astoria where a show was held for Franklin D. Roosevelt’s birthday. The band travelled on to Paris in 1938 with Alberto Socarrás, known as the “Magician on the Flute”. Anacaona was a smash as a jazz band in Les Ambassadeurs on the Champs-Elysées. Later in the evening the Anacaona son septet alternated with Django Reinhardt and his Quintett du Hot Club de France at the Chez Florence in Montmartre. Shortly before World War II the band returned to Cuba.  With concerts in New York and Paris, Anacaona rose to international fame.1947 Anacaona starred for two seasons in the musical show of the Casino Nacional of Havana under the direction of Cuban composer Ernesto Lecuona. The band made its screen debut in the film "A La Habana me Voy" ("Off to Havana I go"). They appeared in several other films in Mexico together with film star and rumba dancer Ninón Sevilla. Popular female singers such as Celia Cruz, Omara Portuondo (Buena Vista Social Club), Haydée Portuondo, Moraima Secada and Dominica Verges joined Anacaona during the forties and fifties.  Performing as a show band that played Mambo, Cha-cha-chá and Latin Jazz, Anacaona toured through South America in 1958 and appeared on radio and television as well as in theaters in Brazil, Uruguay, Argentina and Chile. Meanwhile, the revolutionaries led by Fidel Castro were on the move and had taken over when the band returned to Cuba. In 1962 Anacaona joined Cuba's National Council of Culture (Consejo Nacional de la Cultura) and later became part of the Ignacio Piñeiro state enterprise for traditional music. Although internationally the band faded from view, it remained very popular in Cuba and the original line-up continued to play until 1989.

Revival.

The band was reorganized in 1989. The remaining five Castro sisters chose to leave the band, which is still active under the lead of Georgia and Dora Aguirre, the band's bassists. Since 1991 Anacaona has recorded several CDs and performed in more than 20 countries, including the United States, Canada and China. On the occasion of the band's 85th anniversary it toured Cuba in 2017.

Books.

Alicia Castro's "Queens of Havana: The Amazing Adventures of the Legendary Anacaona, Cuba's First All-Girl Dance Band" (Grove Press, 2007) is a history of the band which concentrates on the band's early period. The British edition is titled "Anacaona: The Adventures of Cuba's Most Famous All-Girl Orchestra".

Musical.

A musical inspired by the sisters life and set at the time of the revolution in 1958 was produced by Youth Music Theatre UK in 2012.

Anacaona is the name of an all-female orchestra, founded Havana in the early 1930s by Concepción "Cuchito" Castro Zaldarriaga and her sisters. Eventually, all 11 sisters joined the band. The band was formed during the Machado era when the political situation led to university closings, forcing Cuchito Castro to abandon her studies and her plan to start a dental practice. Instead, she chose a different career in 1932 by proposing a female septet to challenge the male-dominated son music. At the time, it was believed women were not capable of playing son. The band enjoyed close musical ties with well-known Cuban performers, in particular with Ignacio Piñeiro and Lázaro Herrera of the Septeto Nacional. Graciela, whose brother Machito laid the foundations of Latin Jazz, was Anacaona's lead singer for a decade.


Analysis.

A lot of dark data is unstructured, which means that the information is in formats that may be difficult to categorise, be read by the computer and thus analysed. Often the reason that business does not analyse their dark data is because of the amount of resources it would take and the difficulty of having that data analysed. According to Computer Weekly, 60% of organisations believe that their own business intelligence reporting capability is "inadequate" and 65% say that they have "somewhat disorganised content management approaches".

Relevance.

Useful data may become dark data after it becomes irrelevant, as it is not processed fast enough. This is called "perishable insights" in "live flowing data". For example, if the geolocation of a customer is known to a business, the business can make offer based on the location, however if this data is not processed immediately, it may be irrelevant in the future. According to IBM, about 60 percent of data loses its value immediately.

Storage.

According to the New York Times, 90% of energy used by data centres is wasted. If data was not stored, energy costs could be saved. Furthermore, there are costs associated with the underutilisation of information and thus missed opportunities. According to Datamation, "the storage environments of EMEA organizations consist of 54 percent dark data, 32 percent Redundant, Obsolete and Trivial data and 14 percent business-critical data. By 2020, this can add up to $891 billion in storage and management costs that can otherwise be avoided."  The continuous storage of dark data can put an organisation at risk, especially if this data is sensitive. In the case of a breach, this can result in serious repercussions. These can be financial, legal and can seriously hurt an organisation's reputation. For example, a breach of private records of customers could result in the stealing of sensitive information, which could result in identity theft. Another example could be the breach of the company's own sensitive information, for example relating to research and development. These risks can be mitigated by assessing and auditing whether this data is useful to the organisation, employing strong encryption and security and finally, if it is determined to be discarded, then it should be discarded in a way that it becomes unretrievable.

Future.

It is generally considered that as more advanced computing systems for analysis of data are built, the higher the value of dark data will be. It has been noted that "data and analytics will be the foundation of the modern industrial revolution". Of course, this includes data that is currently considered "dark data" since there are not enough resources to process it. All this data that is being collected can be used in the future to bring maximum productivity and an ability for organisations to meet consumers' demand. Technology advancements are helping to leverage this dark data affordably, thanks to young and innovative companies such as Datumize, Veritas or Lucidworks. Furthermore, many organisations do not realise the value of dark data right now, for example in healthcare and education organisations deal with large amounts of data that could create a significant "potential to service students and patients in the manner in which the consumer and financial services pursue their target population".

Dark data is data which is acquired through various computer network operations but not used in any manner to derive insights or for decision making. The ability of an organisation to collect data can exceed the throughput at which it can analyse the data. In some cases the organisation may not even be aware that the data is being collected. IBM estimate that roughly 90 percent of data generated by sensors and analog-to-digital conversions never get used.


William Bartholomew (British Army officer)

Military career.

Educated at Newton College, South Devon and the Royal Military Academy, Woolwich, Bartholomew was commissioned into the Royal Artillery in 1897. He was promoted to lieutenant on 23 March 1900, and to captain on 22 March 1902. He attended the Staff College, Quetta from 1909 to 1910.  Bartholomew served in the First World War initially as a General Staff Officer in 4th Division, and then as a brigadier general on the General Staff of XX Corps from 1917 and on the General Staff of the Egyptian Expeditionary Force from 1918.  After the war Bartholomew commanded the 6th Infantry Brigade from 1923 moving on to be Director of Recruiting and Organisation at the War Office in 1927. He was appointed Commandant of the Imperial Defence College in 1929 and Director of Military Operations and Intelligence at the War Office in 1931. He became Chief of the General Staff in India in 1934 and then General Officer Commanding-in-Chief for Northern Command in 1937; he retired in 1940 during the Second World War.  Bartholomew was made an Aide de Camp General to the King from 1938 to 1940 and Colonel Commandant of the Royal Artillery from 1934 to 1937.

After the Army.

In retirement, Bartholomew served as North Eastern Regional Commissioner for Civil Defence between 1940 and 1945. He lived at Claxton Hall near York. He donated over £20,000 in 1921 to the Public Dispensary and Hospital, Leeds; later becoming world-renowned St James' Teaching Hospital.

External links.

General Sir William Henry Bartholomew, (16 March 1877 – 31 December 1962) was a senior British Army officer during the 1930s and a Colonel Commandant of the Royal Artillery.


Early years.

Samuel Rowe was born on 23 March 1835 at Macclesfield, Cheshire. He was the youngest son of George Hambly Rowe, a Wesleyan minister, and Lydia Ramshall of London. He was educated at private schools, then studied medicine under Joseph Denton of Leicester and others. He qualified as a doctor in 1856. He was appointed to the army medical staff in 1862 and assigned to Lagos in West Africa. Rowe married Susannah, daughter of William Gatliff of Hawker Hall, Whitby, Yorkshire. They had one son, who died young.

Colonial surgeon.

Rowe arrived in Lagos in July 1862 and was soon appointed a judicial assessor in the chief magistrate's court and a slave commissioner, a difficult position. He afterwards became colonial surgeon. Rowe got on well with the local people, who would later call him "Old Red Breeches", and was made a commandant of the eastern districts. He was appointed special commissioner to make a treaty with the town of Epe in the Ijebu Kingdom. He returned home on leave in July 1864, and continued his studies in Aberdeen, graduating in medicine and surgery in 1865.  Rowe returned to West Africa in 1866 and stayed in Cape Coast Castle. He was again made colonial surgeon and superintendent of the Hausas in Lagos in 1867. In 1869 he also was a magistrate and clerk of the council of Lagos. He was promoted staff surgeon in the army on 4 July 1870. He returned for a stay in England, then was dispatched to the Gold Coast in January 1872. On 1 March 1973 he was appointed surgeon-major. He may have advised Nathaniel King and Sylvester Cole, members of the Sierra Leone elite, to study medicine at Aberdeen. King graduated in 1876 and returned to practice in Lagos, while Cole graduated in 1883 and entered government service in the Gold Coast.  In 1873 Rowe was involved in action against the Ashantis and twice saw action near Elmina, for which he was decorated with a medal and clasp. He was appointed to the Ashanti expeditionary force under Captain John Hawley Glover. Through his experience in working with the local people he helped to enlist Yoruba volunteers. He was appointed C.M.G. in 1874 for his services in the Anglo-Ashanti wars. In 1875, he became colonial surgeon of the Gold Coast colony. Rowe retired from the army on 4 December 1876 with the honorary rank of brigade-surgeon.

Colonial administrator.

The Gambia.

While still in the army, Rowe was in turn head of the governments of the Gambia and Sierra Leone. The Gambia was governed from Sierra Leone during this period. Surgeon Major Rowe was appointed administrator of the Gambia in June 1875. The former administrator, C. H. Kortright, had left the Gambia on 12 February 1875 and Captain Henry T. M. Cooper was acting as administrator. Samuel Rowe arrived on 2 July 1875, but transferred to Sierra Leone the next day, leaving Cooper to continue as acting administrator. Rowe left Bathurst to take office in Freetown, Sierra Leone, as acting governor. Cooper died on 9 January 1877 and on 30 March 1877 Surgeon Major Valesius S. Gouldsbury arrived to take office as administrator.

Sierra Leone.

In Rowe's first tour of duty as governor of Sierra Leone in 1875–81 he was supported by the Colonial Office in pursuing a policy of aggressive colonial intervention in the interior. He led two successful expeditions against the Sherbro people. On 29 April 1887 Rowe returned to the Gambia as administrator, replacing the acting administrator Gilbert T. Carter. During his brief term of office various local rulers agreed to accept British protection. On 12 June 1887 Rowe was promoted to governor-in-chief of the West Africa settlements. On 27 November 1887 he left the Gambia and was replaced by T. Risely Griffith as acting administrator. While governor-in-chief of the British West African Settlements he continued to act as governor of Sierra Leone.  As governor in chief he opposed cession of the Gambia, and strongly opposed the Colonial Office police of giving in to the demands from the French. He planned the expedition by administrator V. S. Gouldsbury to the upper Gambia River in 1881. On 20 April 1880 Rowe was made K.C.M.G. (Knight Commander of the Order of St Michael and St George). He was replaced in Sierra Leone by A. E. Havelock in 1881. The acting governor got news of Havelock's appointment from a foreign consul some weeks before this was confirmed by the Colonial Office.

Gold Coast and Lagos.

On 28 January 1881 Rowe became governor of the Gold Coast and Lagos. This was a better-paid position than Sierra Leone. He replaced W. Brandford Griffith. He managed to avoid another war with the Ashantis through his diplomacy. In March 1883 Rowe issued an ordinance establishing registry offices for instruments affecting land in the Gold Coast Colony. In 1884 he was replaced by W. A. G. Young.

West Africa Settlements.

On 30 December 1884 Rowe was again appointed governor of the West Africa settlements in response to a special petition of the traders and others. Rowe took office in 1885, replacing A. E. Havelock. During his second term, following the Berlin Conference of 1884–85, British activity in the interior increased and there was growing competition with the French, who had colonial ambitions in the same region. Rowe was given enlarged powers to annex land to the north and east of Sierra Leone. On 11 November 1885 he signed the Havelock Draft Convention, which fixed the northwest boundary of Liberia at the southeast bank of the Mano River, making Sierra Leone and Liberia coterminous. In 1886 Rowe was made an LL.D. by Aberdeen University. In August 1887 the Secretary of State for the Colonies said he had received a report from Rowe saying the chiefs of Jarra and Fogni, who had been suffering from raids by slave traders, had offered to place their territories under British protection.  Rowe's health began to fail in 1887, in part due to worries about the advance of the French in the region. On his way home to recuperate he died at Madeira on 28 August 1888. He was replaced as governor by J. M. Maltby.

Sir Samuel Rowe (23 March 1835 – 28 August 1888) was a British doctor and colonial administrator who was twice governor of Sierra Leone, and also served as administrator of the Gambia, governor of the Gold Coast and governor-general of the West Africa settlements. He was known for his ability to form pro-British relationships with the local people. He was in favour of a vigorous programme of expansion from the coast into the interior in response to French activity in the Sahel region, at times in opposition to Colonial Office policy.


Dancer.

Born in Liverpool, England, Frederic Franklin claimed that on seeing the 1924 film "Peter Pan", his only thought was to go on the stage. He began his career in 1931 at the Casino de Paris with Josephine Baker. After briefly dancing with the Vic-Wells Ballet, forerunner of The Royal Ballet, he joined the Markova-Dolin Ballet in 1935.  In 1938 Franklin joined the Ballet Russe de Monte Carlo where he was premier danseur until 1952. Known as a quick study and for having an impeccable memory, Franklin also became the company's ballet master in 1944. With the Ballet Russe, Franklin originated many indelible characters and starred in over 45 principal roles by such choreographers as Leonide Massine, Michel Fokine, Bronislava Nijinska, Frederick Ashton, George Balanchine, and Agnes de Mille.  While performing internationally with the Ballet Russe de Monte Carlo, Franklin and Alexandra Danilova created one of the legendary ballet partnerships of the twentieth century. Among the other ballerinas he partnered were Alicia Markova, Yvette Chauviré, Moira Shearer, Rosella Hightower, Maria Tallchief, Tamara Toumanova, and Alicia Alonso.

Director and Choreographer.

In 1952, Franklin co-founded the Slavenska-Franklin Ballet with Mia Slavenska and a few years later he became the co-director of the Washington Ballet, and then the co-founder and artistic director of the National Ballet of Washington, D.C..  After a few years in Washington, D.C., Franklin began a freelance career reviving and staging works around the United States and developed artistic associations with many ballet companies including Cincinnati Ballet where he was artistic director for two years and later Director Emeritus, Dance Theatre of Harlem where he became artistic advisor in 1989, Chicago Ballet, Tulsa Ballet, the Oakland Ballet, Pittsburgh Ballet Theatre, and American Ballet Theatre.  In 2005, Franklin was featured in the documentary film "Ballets Russes", recounting his years with the famous company. Into his 90s, Franklin continued to perform with American Ballet Theatre, appearing in mime roles such as the Friar in "Romeo and Juliet", Madge in "La Sylphide", and the Prince's Tutor in "Swan Lake". Franklin died from pneumonia in New York City at the Weill Cornell Medical Center on May 4, 2013. He was survived by his partner of 48 years, William Haywood Ausman, and his brother, John Franklin.

Awards.

In 1984, Frederic Franklin was honored with a Laurence Olivier Award for his staging of a Creole-themed Giselle starring Virginia Johnson at Dance Theatre of Harlem. Franklin received the Dance Magazine Award in 1985 and the Capezio Dance Award in 1992. On 16 November 2004 Franklin was appointed a Commander of The Most Excellent Order of the British Empire. In 2011, Franklin was inducted into the National Museum of Dance's Mr. & Mrs. Cornelius Vanderbilt Whitney Hall of Fame.

Frederic Franklin (13 June 1914 – 4 May 2013), sometimes also called "Freddie", was a British-American ballet dancer, choreographer and director.


Synopsis.

During World War II, the Nazis are on the verge of winning the war in Europe, bullets do little as the Nazis seem unstoppable. In the meantime, four prisoners of war – Sterling, Rivet, Kurgan and Wolfgang have been freed by “Mrs. White,” a secret British Intelligence Operative, who needs someone to take down Hitler and his Third Reich once and for all. Their objective is to fight the war - without rules or mercy. Their reward is all the Nazi gold they can carry. These specialists are brought together with a purpose, rebel against the Nazi oppression and sabotage the Nazis' chances of victory by sabotaging, assassinate, steal, and pulverise anything bearing the Swastika.

Development.

"Raid: World War II" is developed by Lion Game Lion, a Croatian Starbreeze partner studio, that has developed downloadable content for Payday 2. The team chose to work with Diesel, an engine made by Overkill Software (ex-Grin Studios), because they have an extensive experience on working with the engine. The game has a budget of US$8 million, financed by Starbreeze Studios.

Reception.

Raid: World War II received mixed to negative reviews. According to Metacritic, it currently holds an aggregate score of 53% on PC, 46% on Playstation 4 and Xbox One. IGN gave the game a score of 5.0. PlayStation Lifestyle given a score of 5.5/10. Push Square rate 2/10. TheSixthAxis rated the game, 3 out of 10. Game informer given a score of 4 out of 10.

Raid: World War II is a four player co-op first-person shooter video game that lets players team up as the Raid crew and venture through events of World War II. The game was developed by Lion Game Lion and was published by Starbreeze Studios for Microsoft Windows.