Route description.

The route passes through largely arid terrain, although there are multiple irrigated areas between Buronga and Wentworth in the highway's south. There is relatively flat terrain between Wentworth and Broken Hill that forms arid pastures for grazing. Around Broken Hill and a little to the north the Barrier Range is encountered, which is more hill than the rest of the route encountered so far, but not mountainous. North of there the country is once again relatively flat, thought there are further hills around Milparinka. Near Tibooburra the terrain becomes a stony desert, this kind of terrain is known in Australia as gibber. The Wentworth to Broken Hill was sealed in 1969. Sections of highway north of Broken Hill remain unsealed.  Creeks to the north of Broken Hill are generally crossed straight across the riverbed, whether the road has been sealed or not. There is signage to help drivers gauge depth of the waters if there does happen to be flows after rains. The highway also roughly follows the route Charles Sturt took when he explored the area, during his search to find the fabled inland sea. The Silver City Highway and its spur are classified as HW22 (Highway 22) by Roads & Maritime Services. The route is signed as B79 between the Abbotsford Bridge in Curlwaa and Broken Hill.

Along the Murray River.

The highway begins at its intersection with the Sturt Highway in the town of Buronga in the far south-west of New South Wales. Buronga is located immediately across the Murray River from the city of Mildura in Victoria. From here the highway heads northwesterly through a pocket of farmland at the locality of Mourquong, before turning on a more westerly heading. The road then traverses arid savanna before again reaching the farmland surrounding Dareton. The road takes on the name Tapio Street within the urban area. Continuing west the enters into more farmland at Curlwaa. Here the road comes to a T-insection where a turn to the west is required to stay on the Silver City Highway. The road to the east is also gazetted as a spur of the highway and is signed as the Calder Highway, to which it connects a short distance away across the single lane Abbotsford Bridge over the Murray River. Continuing west on the highway, the farmland largely continues the entirety of the short distance to Wentworth. Upon entering Wentworth, the road takes on several names within the town's urban area. Firstly it takes on the name Wentworth Street, before turning west at the Sandwych Street intersection and using that name. The highway then crosses the Darling River over a lift-span bridge. At Adams Street the highway then turns north, keeping the name until it leaves the urban area.

Wentworth to Broken Hill.

Heading north out of Wentworth, the road enters arid scrublands and it swings northwest towards the Great Darling Anabranch. Once it reaches the normally dry river, it follows the anabranch upstream crossing it at Bunnerungee Bridge. The road continues to follow the anabranch north, passing nearby several normally dry lakes, including along the shoreline of Popitah Lake. Roughly following the creekbed of Coombah Creek northwards a short distance, the highway then enters the depression of Coombah Lake. The roadway crosses the lakebed atop an embankment. Upon reaching the other side the highway passes Coombah Roadhouse, where fuel and supplies can be purchased. From here the highway re-enters the lakebed and continues along it to its northern extent. To the north of Coombah lake the road passes to the west of similarly dry Kudgee Lake, the roadway then follows the western side of the Pine Creek creekbed crossing it after some distance, then following it along the eastern side much of the remainder of the way Broken Hill. Upon reaching the approaches to Broken Hill, the terrain elevation becomes a little more varied from the very flat journey travelled so far, as this area is part of the Barrier Range.

Within Broken Hill.

On the southern outskirts of Broken Hill, the highway passes Kanandah Road, which forms part of the heavy vehicle bypass. North of Kanandah Road, the highway takes on the name Wentworth Road for a short distance while it curves eastwards. Once it reaches South Broken Hill urban area, the road continues as Patton Street until reach the roundabout at Bonanza Street where it then turns northwards. It passes over a hill between two mines and becomes South Road northward of Gypsum Street. Upon reaching Broken Hill itself; it becomes Crystal Street, and then turns north at Iodide Street. North of Argent Street, the Barrier Highway also follows the same route for a few blocks until it leaves westwards at William Street. At the same intersection, the Silver City Highway heads eastwards. The highway continues east almost all the way until the edge of the city, where it turns north at Buck Street. It takes on that name for a short distance until it leaves the urban area.

Broken Hill to the Dingo Fence.

The Highway continues a long distance northwards, through very dry country and crossing the occasional creekbed. Eventually it reaches Packsaddle Roadhouse, where fuel and supplies can be purchased; roughly halfway between Broken Hill and the Queensland border. North of Packsaddle the road continues in the same fashion, although it does pass between some salt lakes. Eventually the road reaches the Milparinka area, where the former township can be accessed a short distance off the highway. Further to the north the road reaches Tibooburra, the only sizable settlement along the route north of Broken Hill. North of Tibooburra the road passes through the Sturt National Park before reaching its terminus at the Queensland border along the Dingo Fence, at Warri Gate.

History.

The Silver City Highway name was decided upon as the roads main purpose is to link Broken Hill (The Silver City) to areas north and south of the city. The Broken Hill ore deposit contains a vast amount of silver, lead, and zinc. At one stage the name Four States Highway was also considered as the road connects to Queensland and Victoria at each end, and also to South Australia via the Barrier Highway from Broken Hill.

The Silver City Highway is a highway that links Buronga, New South Wales to the Queensland border via Wentworth, Broken Hill, and Tibooburra, in the arid Far West region of New South Wales. A short branch also connects to the Calder Highway on the Victorian border at Curlwaa. This branch is also signed as the Calder Highway, despite legally being part of the Silver City Highway. Parts of the highway north of Broken Hill are unsealed. The namesake of the highway is derived from the moniker for Broken Hill–the "Silver City", which the highway travels through.


Career.

Atalanta and loans.

Born in Viareggio, Tuscany, Gentili was signed by Atalanta B.C. from Polisportiva Margine Coperta in 2004 in a temporary deal, along with Michele Marconi, Leonardo Manni and Daniele Lonetti. In the next season he was signed definitely from the Massa e Cozzile based side. He was promoted to Atalanta B.C.'s Primavera U19 reserve team in 2006.  In 2008, he left Atalanta for another Lombard club Pergocrema. Gentili made his professional debut in the Italian Cup, However, he failed to play any game in the league nor in the league cup.  In the next season he was transferred to another Lombard club Varese, also in the same level as Pergocrema. He won promotion to Serie B with Varese in June 2010.  Atalanta kept Gentili for 2010–11 Serie B season, however he only played once for the champions.  In July 2011 he left the Serie A club for the third level side Spezia, but had an operation in his right ankle in the same month. Gentili won promotion to Serie B again as one of the group stage winner of the third level. The team also won 2012 Lega Pro Prime Division Supercup, a tournament between the two winners of the two groups of that level. However, he was not feature in the line-up nor on the bench of the matches. Gentili did featured for Spezia in the finals of the league up as an unused bench, which the team was the winner.  On 28 August 2012 he left for Serie B struggler Vicenza which relegated in the last season but re-admitted to Serie B due to the expulsion of Lecce.

Reggina.

On 2 September 2013 Gentili was signed by Serie B club Reggina in a co-ownership deal for a peppercorn fee.

Vicenza.

On 31 January 2014 he left for Vicenza in a 31⁄2-year contract (re-sold from Atalanta in another co-ownership deal for a peppercorn fee of €250). In June 2014 Vicenza acquired the remaining 50% registration rights of Gentili, from Atalanta for free.  In December 2015 Gentili was released by the Veneto club.

Carrarese.

On 14 February 2017 Gentili was signed by Carrarese.

FC Pecciolese.

On 24 January 2019, Gentili officially signed with FC Pecciolese 1936.

Matteo Gentili (born 21 August 1989) is an Italian footballer who plays as a defender for A.C. Prato. He represented Italy at the 2008 UEFA European Under-19 Football Championship, where they came second, and at the 2009 FIFA U-20 World Cup.


Location and communications.

Buriti is located in the extreme south of the state between Morrinhos and Itumbiara. It is part of the Meia Ponte Microregion. The distance to the state capital, Goiânia, is 181 km. The distance to the important BR-153 highway is 26 km. The elevation is 620 meters above sea level.  Highway connections from Goiânia are made by BR-153, passing through Aparecida de Goiânia and Professor Jamil and taking GO-419. Source: Sepin  Buriti has boundaries with the following municipalities: Morrinhos (north); Itumbiara and Tupaciguara, (south); Água Limpa (east); and Goiatuba (west).  The municipality is crossed by several rivers, the most important being the Paranaíba and the Corumbá. There is also the Pirancanjuba, which flows into the Corumbá. The Lago das Brisas with an area of 778 km is formed by the meeting of the waters of the Piracanjuba, Corumbá and Paranaíba.

History.

Buriti Alegre began in 1910 with the construction of a chapel on the Buriti ranch. The chapel was dedicated to Our Lady of Aparecida and attracted pilgrims from around the region. In 1914 it became a district of Catalão. In 1927 it was dismembered to become a municipality.  (Seplan)

Economy.

The economy is based on cattle raising and agriculture, which is diversified, producing corn, rice, soybeans, oranges, and bananas. In the 1950s Buriti had one of the largest herds of zebu cattle in the country, but today the number is around 80 thousand head. There are slaughterhouses for cattle and poultry in the town.  Agricultural Production (Seplan and IBGE)  Farm data 2006  (Seplan and IBGE)  (Seplan and IBGE)

Education (2006).

Ranking on the Municipal Human Development Index (*Frigoletto)

Buriti Alegre is a municipality in south Goiás state, Brazil. The population was 8,287 inhabitants (2007) in a total area of 897.4 km. Buriti Alegre is a large producer of poultry products.


Early life.

Sarkis was born in Diyana, Erbil Governorate of Iraqi Kurdistan in 1962. He is an Assyrian with family origins from the Nochiya tribe. He was first elected into the Kurdistan National Assembly in the first Iraqi Kurdistan elections in 1992, beginning his political career. Sarkis Aghajan Mamendo was also the Minister for Finance and the Economy from 1999 to 2006, and Deputy Prime Minister from 2004 to 2006 in the Arbil and Dohuk administration. Aghajan appears to owe his ascendancy within the Kurdistan Democratic Party power structure to his personal relationship with Nechervan Idris Barzani, the Kurdish prime minister. His supporters say that as young men, the two were forced to flee Iraq with their families in 1975 after the United States withdrew its support of the Barzani clan, and so Nechervan grew up with Sarkis on the Aghajan family estate in Iran.

Activities.

Sarkis is known, in addition to his political roles, for massive development and aid programs he has begun in which he built or repaired dozens of Churches, roads, schools and Assyrian settlements throughout northern Iraq through the "Higher Committee for Christian Affairs" that he established. He is also a major funder and owner of the new Assyrian TV channel Ishtar TV, which is broadcast in three languages (Syriac, Arabic, and Kurdish).

Awards and controversies.

In August 2006, Sarkis was awarded the "Knight Commander of the order of Saint Gregory the Great" by Pope Benedict XVI as a way to honour his work helping the Assyrian Christian community in Iraq. Aghajan was awarded the title, which is one of the highest and most widely recognized pontifical orders, for his contribution to the Assyrian community and his work for Christians in Iraq.  Many Assyrian non-governmental organizations claim that the Kurdistan Regional Government only appointed Aghajan to a high office in the Kurdish government in order to look tolerant towards Assyrians so that they could justify a possible annexation of Assyrian settlements in the Nineveh plains. It has also been speculated that he gets some of his funding from lobbying efforts in the United States by the Assyrian American congresswoman Anna Eshoo for the purpose of rebuilding Assyrian settlements, although he personally claims that the money is raised by Kurdish political parties instead.  He also finances his own militia which is accused of assaulting Assyrian candidates during the 2009 Governorates Elections in Nineveh.

Disappearance and reappearance.

For a period during 2008-2009 the Assyrian Finance minister went missing. Many people believed that he was kidnapped or the victim of assassination. Part of this speculation was due to the fact that around the same period he went missing more than 20,000 Assyrian had been displaced and 13 killed in Mosul as part of a pogrom in 2008, and there were rumors of Corruption in the Kurdistan government, and as finance minister he might have been aware of it, leading to speculation that he might have been killed to cover it up. However, after going missing, a new finance minister was appointed, and then shortly after being replaced he was found again in the summer of 2009, when he appeared in his palace in Ankawa in what he claimed to be a medical vacation outside the country. He stopped giving funds to Assyrian Christian Communities, causing the Chaldean Catholic Church to have significant financial issues during the financial crisis of 2007–2008, and as a result it was forced to sell land it held in the center of Baghdad.

Sarkis Aghajan Mamendo (), (born 1962) is an Iraqi Assyrian politician who was appointed Minister for Finance and Economy in the cabinet of Iraqi Kurdistan on 7 May 2006.


Context.

Khrushchev and Kennedy prior to the summit.

Kennedy and Khrushchev first met at the Vienna Summit in June 1961. Prior to meeting face to face, their contact began when Khrushchev sent Kennedy a message on November 9, 1960, congratulating him on his presidential election victory and stating his hope that "relations between [the U.S. and USSR] would again follow the line along which they were developing in Franklin Roosevelt's time." He also told Kennedy that the USSR desired to negotiate with the U.S. on issues relating to "disarmament... a German peace treaty... and other questions which could bring about an easing and improvement of the entire international situation." In a reply message, Kennedy thanked Khrushchev and similar niceties continued until 1961.  On February 22, 1961, Kennedy sent Khrushchev a letter stating, "I hope it will be possible, before too long, for us to meet personally for an informal exchange of views." This was the first time either man suggested a diplomatic meeting. Kennedy felt "that if he could just sit down with Khrushchev" the two leaders could work out their interstate conflicts. Yet, Kennedy's advisers told him not to meet with Khrushchev so soon after the presidential election. The American ambassador to Moscow, Llewellyn E. Thompson, feared that Kennedy misjudged Khrushchev's personality and intentions. Likewise, U.S. diplomat Charles Bohlen "worried that JFK underrated Khrushchev's determination to expand world communism." Nevertheless, Khrushchev accepted Kennedy's summit proposal, and the leaders began to make plans for their official meeting. Meanwhile, Cold War rivalries between the two powers escalated in Germany, Laos, and Cuba. These regional conflicts became major items on the Vienna Summit agenda.

The Berlin question.

Between 1945 and 1961, 2.7 million East Germans emigrated from East Berlin, a part of the German Democratic Republic (GDR), to West Berlin. GDR leader Walter Ulbricht argued that the large number of emigrants leaving East Berlin threatened the existence of the GDR by diminishing its population. In the early months of 1961, Ulbricht pressured Khrushchev to close the border between East and West Berlin. Khrushchev understood Ulbricht's concern but feared that a potential intervention from Western powers would destabilize East Berlin further. Thompson warned in February 1961 that if there were "no progress" on Berlin and Germany, Khrushchev would "almost certainly proceed with [his] separate peace treaty..." The notion of a separate peace treaty threatened American interests in West Germany; if the USSR rendered complete control of East Berlin to the East German government, then the U.S. could only communicate with and control West Berlin with permission from the East German government.  The Berlin Question—whether or not the U.S. would allow the USSR to sign a separate peace treaty with Berlin—dominated Khrushchev and Kennedy's debates at the Vienna Summit. The signing of a separate peace treaty with Berlin did not appeal to American policymakers, who felt comfortable with the division of Germany and Berlin itself. A peace treaty threatened the established balance of power and could potentially lead to the United States losing all its influence in East Berlin.

The Laos question.

A lesser-known conflict fueled controversy at the Vienna Summit as well. "As in Berlin, [Kennedy] inherited in Laos a situation aggravated by near-direct armed confrontation between the Soviet Union and the United States." During Eisenhower's presidency, the U.S. backed a right-wing conservative government (royal government) in Laos to counter that communist threat of the popular Pathet Lao. In Laos, "the Eisenhower government committed millions of dollars in aid" in order to continue the rule of a pro-American leader. Both the Soviets and the Americans knew that a proxy war in Laos drove both countries further into an arms race. Under this context, Khrushchev and Kennedy discussed the Laos situation at length at the Vienna Summit.

The Bay of Pigs Invasion.

The American-facilitated Bay of Pigs Invasion of April 1961 also rocked Khrushchev and Kennedy's relationship. On April 18, 1961, Khrushchev sent Kennedy a telegram that said, "Mr. President, I send you this message in an hour of alarm, fraught with danger for the peace of the whole world. Armed aggression has begun against Cuba." Kennedy countered by saying that the Americans were merely helping support the "100,000 Cubans" attempting to "[resist] the Castro dictatorship." He claimed that the Americans fought on the side of freedom and Cuban self-determination.  Kennedy knew that the Cuban invasion sparked controversy. Therefore, Kennedy felt it crucial to meet with Khrushchev as soon as possible. He hoped that open channels of communication could remedy some of the conflict between the U.S. and the USSR. Khrushchev and Kennedy met in Vienna on June 4, 1961.

Discussions.

Khrushchev and Kennedy devoted a significant amount of time at the Vienna Summit to discussing the Berlin Crisis. Khrushchev opened the conversation by expressing the Soviet perspective that a united Germany "[constituted] a threat of World War III." He pointed to the fact that Germany began World War II. Only 15 years after the end of that war, Germany again posed a "military threat" as a member of NATO. Khrushchev explained that the USSR desired to sign a separate peace treaty with East Germany. Such a treaty, he argued, "would not prejudice the interests of the U.S., the UK, or France." He told Kennedy that if the United States failed to support a peace treaty, the Soviet Union would sign the peace treaty unilaterally.  Kennedy replied that American forces occupied Berlin "by contractual rights" rather than by the agreement of East Germans. Kennedy understood the Soviet perspective but feared that if the U.S. removed its troops from Berlin, "no one would have any confidence in U.S. commitments and pledges." Kennedy insisted that the U.S. maintain its position in Berlin for strategic purposes. Although Kennedy argued that the current balance of power in Germany was effective, Khrushchev said that "no force in the world would prevent the USSR from signing a peace treaty."  When Kennedy pointed out that such a treaty required unilateral action on the part of the Soviet Union, thereby ignoring the four-power agreement signed at the end of World War II, Khrushchev stated that such a peace treaty nullified the four-power agreement. He insisted that the city of Berlin should belong solely to the German Democratic Republic. West Germany, Khrushchev told Kennedy, would remain under American influence. Kennedy countered by saying that the U.S. could not accept such an agreement owing to the prestige it would lose as a result of the decision. In light of this remark, Khrushchev suggested that an "interim arrangement" be considered. Khrushchev remained firm in the fact that "the Soviet Union [would] sign [the peace treaty] in December if the U.S. [refused] an interim agreement."  Kennedy hoped to determine the Soviets' feeling regarding the neutralization of Laos. Kennedy wanted to convince Khrushchev that the United States and Soviet Union could work together to de-escalate tensions in the unstable state. "Without a firm Soviet commitment to stop supplying the guerrillas and to persuade the North Vietnamese to halt their efforts, nothing could be accomplished," Kennedy asserted. On the first day of the Summit, Kennedy quickly discovered that Khrushchev was in no mood to discuss the Laos situation. Khrushchev only rebuffed the United States for playing a significant role in the overthrowing of the Laos government.  The next day, Kennedy approached the Laos subject again. This time, Khrushchev negotiated more willingly. Khrushchev agreed that a "neutral and independent Laos chosen by the Laotians themselves" benefited both the U.S. and the USSR. Although the leaders made no official agreement, they did reach a consensus regarding the future of Laos—cease-fire and ultimate neutralization. This agreement proved to be one of the only accomplishments of the Vienna Summit.

Outcomes.

Seymour Topping's article on "Khrushchev and Vienna" ran in the New York Times on June 3—the day before the conference began. Topping correctly identified the major points of conversation that dominated the conference—the Berlin and Laos questions. Topping also correctly stated Khrushchev's opinions regarding each issue and pinpointed the Soviet perspective on Berlin. Clearly, both the Americans and the Soviets had ample information regarding the other's position prior to the opening of the Summit. However, no one could predict the outcome of the summit, including the leaders' reactions to each other.  For the Americans, the summit was initially seen as a diplomatic triumph. Kennedy had refused to allow Soviet pressure to force his hand, or to influence the American policy of containment. He had adequately stalled Khrushchev and made it clear that the United States was not willing to compromise on a withdrawal from Berlin, whatever pressure Khrushchev may exert on the "testicles of the West," as Khrushchev once called them.  In retrospect the summit may be seen as a failure. The two leaders became increasingly frustrated at the lack of progress of the negotiations. Kennedy later said of Khrushchev, "He beat the hell out of me" and told "New York Times" reporter James 'Scotty' Reston it was the "worst thing in my life. He savaged me." On the other hand, Khrushchev viewed the Summit in a much more positive light. In his memoir, Khrushchev showed ambivalence. He proclaimed, "I was generally pleased with our meeting in Vienna. Even though we came to no concrete agreement, I could tell that [Kennedy] was interested in finding a peaceful solution to world problems and avoiding conflict with the Soviet Union." However, historian William Taubman suggests that Khrushchev merely felt he could "[push Kennedy around]."  In addition to conveying U.S. reluctance to defend the full rights of Berlin's citizens, Kennedy ignored his own cabinet officials' advice to avoid ideological debate with Khrushchev. Khrushchev outmatched Kennedy in this debate and came away believing he had triumphed in the summit over a weak and inexperienced leader. Observing Kennedy's morose expression at the end of the summit, Khrushchev believed Kennedy "looked not only anxious, but deeply upset... I hadn't meant to upset him. I would have liked very much for us to part in a different mood. But there was nothing I could do to help him... Politics is a merciless business."  After the failure of the Bay of Pigs Invasion, the construction of the Berlin Wall, and the Cuban Missile Crisis, then President Kennedy believed that another failure on the part of the United States to gain control and stop communist expansion would fatally damage U.S. credibility with its allies and his own reputation. Kennedy was thus determined to "draw a line in the sand" and prevent a communist victory in the Vietnam War. He told James Reston of The New York Times immediately after his Vienna meeting with Khrushchev, "Now we have a problem making our power credible and Vietnam looks like the place."

The Vienna summit was a summit meeting held on June 4, 1961, in Vienna, Austria, between President John F. Kennedy of the United States and Premier Nikita Khrushchev of the Soviet Union. The leaders of the two superpowers of the Cold War era discussed numerous issues in the relationship between their countries.


History.

It was established in 1982 to serve the inhabitants of the Venda bantustan, however, the student body at Univen never consisted of Venda students only, student from all over the Northern Transvaal attended the Institution. After the end of apartheid and the re-integration of the bantustans into South Africa, Univen student body were drawn from all over South Africa. With the South African government's programme of tertiary education reform in the new millennium, Univen became a "comprehensive university", offering both theoretically oriented and practically oriented courses.

Campus.

The University of Venda has one main Campus in Thohoyandou. The Campus houses all seven faculties of the institution namely  The campus also houses the Art Gallery, which has a display of carvings, paintings and clay pots made by both students and local community members. Furthermore, the campus has a full-time Sport Center that is used for indoor Sports as well as other recreational activities such as drama and dance.  The main campus houses nine of the eleven official residences, namely Bernard Ncube, Carousel, F3, F4, F5, Lost City Boys, Lost City Girls, Mango Groove, Riverside and Prefab.

Student Representative Assembly.

The representative student body of the University of Venda is made up an 84-member parliament styled structure. it is led by a 14-member cabinet also known as the SRC executive. The assembly can be further divided into three: the first sub-division is the cabinet that is led by the president, then the deputy president, the secretary-general, the deputy secretary general, there are nine ministerial portfolios as followed; Ministry of Campus and off Campus Housing, Ministry of Education, Ministry of Finance, Bursaries and Projects, Ministry of Gender and people with Disabilities, Ministry of Health, Safety and Security, Ministry of Information, External Affairs and International Relations, Ministry of Legal, Policies, and Constitutional Affairs, Ministry of Religion, Culture, Arts and Heritage, Ministry of Sports and Recreation, and with the equivalence of a ministry there is the Chairperson of the Post Graduate Council. the second sub-division of the SRA is the Structures, these are made up of four-person executives of the Disabled Student Council (DSC), the Housing Representative Council (HRC), the Sports, Recreation and Cultural Committee (SRCC) and the School Councils from all seven faculties of the University. The third sub-division is the parliament which is composed of committees under each ministerial position.  Each member of the SRC is forwarded to parliament by a student formation they belong to except the third sub-division of the Student Representative Council who campaign independently. the Speaker of Parliament is voted in on the first sitting of Parliament by the house. the student parliament sits four times a year, once each quarter of the year.  The Univen SRA is composed of members from different formations, the recognized student formations on campus are: AZAPO Student Convention (AZASCO), Democratic Alliance Student Organization, Economic Freedom Fighters Student Command (EFFSC), Pan-Africanist Student Movement of Azania (PASMA), South African Student Congress (SASCO) and the Student Christian Organization (SCO).  Each organization contests in the general elections to deploy members to the SRA, the term of office is one year, the period begins after annual election that are held during late September or early October. The current head of the SRA is acting President Miss Nokuthula Mabuza after the suspension of the president in the beginning of the second semester.

The University of Venda (UNIVEN) is a South African Comprehensive rural based university, located in Thohoyandou in Limpopo province. It was established in 1982 under the then Republic of Venda government.


Taxonomy.

"L. pallidus" was classified as a member of "Lactarius" by Swedish mycologist Elias Magnus Fries. It was first described by Christian Hendrik Persoon, who named it "Agaricus pallidus" in his 1797 book "Tentamen dispositionis methodicae Fungorum". It is known in English by its common name, the pale milkcap.

Description.

"L. pallidus" has a cap of across. In shape, it is initially a flattened convex, developing a funnel-shaped depression with age. It is pale buff in colour, sometimes dull but often with rosy tint. It can also be a pale brown or pale flesh colour. The cap is smooth, firm and sticky, and has a thick layer of white to buff flesh. The margin is incurved on younger specimens. The pale colour, incurved margin and smooth cap are its most distinguishing features. The stem is long, by thick. In shape, the stem is cylindrical or slightly narrowed at the base, and is concolorous with the cap or whitish. The moderately decurrent, crowded gills are a pale rosy buff to yellowish buff, and leak white milk. The spores are elliptic, with ridges of varying thickness running across them, forming few cross-connections. They typically measure 8 to 10 by 6 to 7 micrometres. The spores leave a spore print that is pale ochre with a slight salmon tinge.  "L. pallidus" is similar in appearance to "L. affinis", but is differentiated by the fact that the former lacks the peppery taste of the latter.

Edibility.

Though generally considered edible, especially after cooking, "L. pallidus" has been described by some mycologists as inedible. The milk has a mild to moderately hot taste.

Distribution and habitat.

"Lactarius pallidus" is typically found growing mycorrhizally under beech, but can also be found under birch. It is typically half-buried among leaf litter. It can sometimes be found in large groups, and occurs throughout summer and autumn. It can be found commonly in Europe but is much rarer in North America. It can also be found in Australia.

Lactarius pallidus (also known as the pale milkcap) is an edible mushroom of the genus "Lactarius". It is pale in colour, and found on the floor in beech or birch woodland. Its smooth cap features a particularly thick layer of flesh, and often has an incurved margin. Though generally considered edible, it is not recommended to be eaten raw. It is common in Europe, and less common in North America and Australasia.


Definition.

The Fourier sine transform of, sometimes denoted by either formula_1 or formula_2, is  If means time, then is frequency in cycles per unit time, but in the abstract, they can be any pair of variables which are dual to each other.  This transform is necessarily an odd function of frequency, i.e. for all :  The numerical factors in the Fourier transforms are defined uniquely only by their product. Here, in order that the Fourier inversion formula not have any numerical factor, the factor of 2 appears because the sine function has norm of formula_5  The Fourier cosine transform of, sometimes denoted by either formula_6 or formula_7, is  It is necessarily an even function of frequency, i.e. for all :  Some authors only define the cosine transform for even functions of, in which case its sine transform is zero. Since cosine is also even, a simpler formula can be used,  Similarly, if is an odd function, then the cosine transform is zero and the sine transform can be simplified to  Other authors also define the cosine transform as  formula_12  and sine as  formula_13

Fourier inversion.

The original function can be recovered from its transform under the usual hypotheses, that and both of its transforms should be absolutely integrable. For more details on the different hypotheses, see Fourier inversion theorem.  The inversion formula is  which has the advantage that all quantities are real. Using the addition formula for cosine, this can be rewritten as  If the original function is an even function, then the sine transform is zero; if is an odd function, then the cosine transform is zero. In either case, the inversion formula simplifies.

Relation with complex exponentials.

The form of the Fourier transform used more often today is

Numerical Evaluation.

Using standard methods of numerical evaluation for Fourier integrals, such as Gaussian or tanh-sinh quadrature, is likely to lead to completely incorrect results, as the quadrature sum is (for most integrands of interest) highly ill-conditioned. Special numerical methods which exploit the structure of the oscillation are required, an example of which is Ooura's method for Fourier integrals This method attempts to evaluate the integrand at locations which asymptotically approach the zeros of the oscillation (either the sine or cosine), quickly reducing the magnitude of positive and negative terms which are summed.

In mathematics, the Fourier sine and cosine transforms are forms of the Fourier integral transform that do not use complex numbers. They are the forms originally used by Joseph Fourier and are still preferred in some applications, such as signal processing or statistics.


Biography.

Vladimir Vasilievich Galchenko, known as Vova, and his sister Olga Vasilievna Galchenko are originally from Penza, Russia, and both started juggling at a very young age. At age seven, Vova joined a circus school. Olga joined the circus school several years later. Vova Galchenko is one of two jugglers that have successfully executed a 7 club 7 up 360.  With the encouragement of their parents, Vova and Olga began performing together. In 2001, their father began filming them performing tricks and posted the videos on a website. They soon began receiving invitations to perform abroad. Vova and Olga soon became widely known in the European juggling community for their high level of technical ability, both on and off stage, especially as they were both very young. Even at the ages of 12 and 15 they were featured performers at many large juggling conventions and festivals in Europe, including the British Juggling Convention 2002, Dresden Juggling Convention 2002 and 2003, the European Youth Circus Festival 2002 and the European Juggling Convention 2003. They also performed at the Israel and Japan juggling conventions.  In 2003 they moved from Russia to the United States, where they settled in Los Angeles and began working with Jason Garfield to improve their technical skills. Also in July 2003 they travelled to the International Jugglers' Association Summer Festival in Reno, Nevada. Many expected them to win all three stage championship categories (Individual, Junior and Team). However, due to their lack of experience on a competition stage, they failed to take gold in any category, though as a team they won a silver medal, and many awards in other events.  In December 2004 they also took part in the first World Juggling Federation competition in Las Vegas, Nevada. Vova won the Advanced Clubs, Five Club Moves, Three Club 360s and Five Club 360s competitions, and came second in the only other event he entered. Olga won the Junior Clubs and came second in the Women's Advanced Clubs. Together they won the Teams Six Club and the Teams Seven Plus.  In 2005, the siblings' partnership began to splinter, in part because Olga wanted to concentrate on school. Vova began performing on his own.  In the 2006 World Juggling Federation competition in Las Vegas, Nevada. Vova and Olga won the Team Club Passing competition. This was their first performance as a pair in competition for one and a half years. Vova also competed individually and won the Endurance - Clubs, 5 Ball 360s (together with Thomas Dietz), 3 Club 360s, 5 Club 360s, 5 Ball Freestyle, 7 Ball Freestyle, 3 Club Freestyle, 5 Club Freestyle competitions.

Juggling style and records.

The Galchenko siblings are known within the juggling world as being "obsessive" about perfecting their technical skills. Penn Jillette asserts that "if you're talking about club passing, the two of them together are the best in the world. Not just the best in the world. The best there has ever been." Writing in "Time", Lev Grossman describes their performance as "beautiful--a kind of kinetic sculpture, a bravura display of human determination bringing order to the chaotic physical world." According to Jason Fagone in "The New York Times", Vova "is able to blur the transitions between tricks so completely that it often seems as if he’s not doing tricks at all".  Unlike many other jugglers, however, the siblings do not excel at performing; they do not banter on stage or veer towards comedy. This is, in part, due to Vova's almost crippling stage fright. Vova, who has earned the nickname "The Russian Robot" for his refusal to try to engage his audiences, maintains that juggling has nothing to do with artistry: "There’s nothing you can express through juggling. It’s just throwing and catching...". Because their interests lie in the technical aspects of the discipline rather than entertainment, they joined the World Juggling Federation, whose mission is to transform juggling into a sport.  Olga and Vova previously held several juggling world records for team club passing. Some of their records included:

Other endeavors.

Vova and Olga Galchenko have recently shifted their focus somewhat away from juggling in pursuit of other ambitions. The siblings studied Computer Engineering and Computer Science at rival universities in Los Angeles: Olga at UCLA, and Vova at USC. Both have had some success in their studies. Most notably, Vova has released a number of iPhone applications, one of which is geared towards jugglers. Since 2012, Vova has been working at Box.

Vladimir (born September 15, 1987), known as Vova, and Olga Galchenko (born July 31, 1990) were a brother and sister juggling team originally from Russia, active from approximately 2001 to 2009. They specialized in club juggling, particularly technical solo juggling, technical club passing and numbers club passing.


Origin.

Wang Xin, a musician from the nearby city of Tianjin, started writing this song in late September 1950, shortly after he saw the sea of fluttering Five Star Red Flags at Tiananmen Square during the preparation period for the first National Day of the People's Republic of China, which was to be held on 1 October that year. The song had become very popular firstly in Tianjin, then spreading to Beijing. The song's lyrics and its music composition were officially published on 15 September 1951 in the "People's Daily"', being promoted widely by the Ministry of Culture of China in time for the National Day festivities.

Lyrics (original).

Our flags are waving in the wind
 With the glorious praise of victory
 Ode to our gracious motherland
 Marching toward prosperity from today
 Ode to our gracious motherland
 Marching toward the prosperity from today
 Over the mountains, across the plains
 Cross the Yangtze and Huang River
 Tis’ the dear home of ours,
 the grand and beautiful land of China
 Hail the Chinese people stand up from today
 We are united, affectionate, and strong as steel!

 Our flags are waving in the wind
 With the glorious praise of victory
 Ode to our gracious motherland
 Marching toward prosperity from today
 Ode to our gracious motherland
 Marching toward the prosperity from today
 We work tirelessly, we share bravery
 Splendid is our Five-thousands years history
 How many challenges we have encountered
 To gain today's liberation
 We love peace, we love our motherland
 But we pledge to tear any aggression

 Our flags are waving in the wind
 With the glorious praise of victory
 Ode to our gracious motherland
 Marching toward prosperity from today
 Ode to our gracious motherland
 Marching toward the prosperity from today
 People's republic is thriving
 As the oriental rising sun
 Great leader Mao is pointing the path toward victory
 Our future is bright and fruitful
 We the people will enjoy her plenteousness!  Our flags are waving in the wind
 With the glorious praise of victory
 Ode to our gracious motherland
 Marching toward prosperity from today
 Ode to our gracious motherland
 Marching toward the prosperity from today!

 translated by Bo Shi, in order to fit the lyrics with the music, the "Five-star red banner" is translated into "Our flags" instead

"Ode to the Motherland"() is a famous patriotic song of the People's Republic of China, written and music composed by Wang Shen (; 26 October 1918–October 15, 2007) during the period immediately after the founding of the People's Republic of China (1949–1951). It is sometimes honoured as "the second national anthem" of the PRC. The song was performed in the opening ceremony of the 2008 Summer Olympics.


Plot.

Francis Bernardone (Bradford Dillman) is the son of a wealthy cloth merchant in Assisi, who gives up all his worldly goods to dedicate himself to God. Clare (Dolores Hart) is a young aristocratic woman who, according to the film, is so taken with St. Francis that she leaves her family and becomes a nun. By this time (1212 A.D.), St. Francis has a well-established reputation for his vows of poverty. The movie goes on to note miracles (such as the appearance of the stigmata on Francis's hands and feet) and other aspects of his life, up to and including his death on October 3, 1226. The funeral befitted a man loved by man and beast alike, and ended with the birds he loved doing a flyby.

Reception.

A. H. Weiler of "The New York Times" wrote that "as a motion picture dependent on the dramatic conflict and exciting incidents that surely were synonymous with the emergence of such a towering man in such tumultuous times, it is as serene and static as ancient tapestries, limp on castle walls... There are frictions here, of course, but these are gentle affairs that are not especially memorable." "Variety" wrote, "The absence of sustained dramatic friction and a reluctance to grapple with conflicts and climaxes in visual terms results in an aura of absolute serenity and a characteristic of ponderous verbosity that may be true in spirit, tone and tempo to the tale of supreme devotion being told, but is unlikely to prove sufficiently palatable to modern audience tastes." Philip K. Scheuer of the "Los Angeles Times" stated, "The treatment is reverent and apparently unusually faithful to history, the color and CinemaScope production often eye-filling and the performances, while hardly exceptional, will hardly raise dissent. But the picture's appeal is limited decidedly to the devout and to those who would seek serene affirmation of their Christian faith. It is what I call a church film, pure and simple—ecclesiastical and eclectic." Richard L. Coe of "The Washington Post" reported that "I kept regretting the firm had three million dollars to lavish on the project. The result may please those willing to settle for a saint's biography. Apart from some individual scenes of pictorial appeal, I found the attempt unimaginative and flat. There is in it none of that sense of wonder which distinguished Pierre Fresnay's memorable 'Monsieur Vincent,' a simple French essay in black and white." "Harrison's Reports" gave the film a grade of "Fair" and wrote that "Catholics and those strongly interested in religious themes will be about the only ones deriving much satisfaction from this CinemaScope-Color account of the life of St. Francis. For this superficial treatment is almost devoid of action and suspense, while being too talky." "The Monthly Film Bulletin" wrote, "With its lepers, its desert rendezvous with a sheik and its deep-seated bitterness between the hero and his irreligious rival, this expensive slab of hagiolatry might well be described as "Ben-Hur" without the chariot race. As it turns out there is precious little action or dramatic friction of any kind (Piero Portalupi's camera studiously avoids every challenging incident), only a ponderously serene screenplay and a stolidly passionless cast directed without a spark of imagination by Michael Curtiz."

Francis of Assisi is a 1961 DeLuxe CinemaScope film directed by Michael Curtiz, based on the novel "The Joyful Beggar" by Louis de Wohl. It was shot entirely in Italy. The film was a box office loss. It starred Bradford Dillman in one of his few sympathetic leading film roles (he usually played a villainous character onscreen).


Career.

While in college, DeFalco "wrote for a few local newspapers, a weekly comic strip and did a few short stories", and after graduation "got in touch with the various comic book companies", which led to him beginning his comics career as an editorial assistant with Archie Comics in mid-1972. During his tenure with Archie Comics, he "initiated and developed the Archie Comics Digest Series, which is still being produced today and remains the company's most profitable publishing series". Learning fast, DeFalco was soon writing for the flagship title "Archie" as well as for other titles including "Scooby-Doo" and "Josie and the Pussycats".  He later joined Marvel Comics, with whom he would spend the next twenty years of his career. DeFalco briefly wrote for DC Comics in the late 1970s. He scripted several Jimmy Olsen and Lois Lane stories for the "Superman Family" title; the final issue of "Starfire" (Oct.–Nov. 1977); and a Cain story in "House of Mystery" #258 (May–June 1978). DeFalco then moved to Marvel, where he wrote two issues of "The Avengers" and the final five issues of "Machine Man" plus a Machine Man issue of "Marvel Team-Up", before launching "Dazzler" in March 1981. DeFalco later wrote a "Machine Man" limited series in 1984, with art by Herb Trimpe and Barry Windsor-Smith.  DeFalco was the chief designer and author for "Dazzler", and later became one of the writers for the "Spider-Man" comic book series while at the same time rising through the editorial ranks. While writing "Dazzler", he wrote a couple of issues of "Marvel Team-Up", before taking over from Dennis O'Neil as editor of that title, as well as assuming editorial duties on "Ghost Rider", "What If...?" and the Spider-Man titles, which he edited throughout the early 1980s.

G.I. Joe and Hasbro.

DeFalco worked closely with toy manufacturer Hasbro in the early 1980s, heading the creative team that "produced the backstory and dossiers that served as the basis for the of the phenomenally successful G.I. Joe toy line and ", in 1985. As part of this relaunch, Marvel produced a comic titled "" in June 1982. DeFalco personally edited the first six issues (handing over to Denny O'Neil in January 1983), as well as assorted issues of the "G.I. Joe" series' throughout the 1980s. The core "G.I. Joe: A Real American Hero" series would run for 155 issues over the next 12 years.  DeFalco was "part of the creative team that introduced the Transformers to the American public" in 1984.

Spider-Man.

In August 1983, DeFalco wrote the first four issues of the third series of "Red Sonja" and after shedding his Spider-Man editorial duties to Danny Fingeroth, he took over from Roger Stern as writer of "The Amazing Spider-Man". The two collaborated on April–May's #251-252 (the "Secret Wars" crossover issues), before DeFalco took over fully with #253, for a two-year run, chiefly in collaboration with artist Ron Frenz. Concurrent with editing Jim Shooter's "Secret Wars", DeFalco introduced Spider-Man's "black costume" in the pages of "Amazing". DeFalco co-created the Rose, Black Fox, and Silver Sable during his tenure on the series. DeFalco and Frenz were both removed from "The Amazing Spider-Man" by then Spider-editor Jim Owsley, who stated that they had chronically failed to meet deadlines. DeFalco and Frenz both state they met their deadlines more diligently than any other Marvel creative team at the time, and that Owsley caused them to miss deadlines by repeatedly changing his production schedules. Issue #285 (Feb 1987) was their final issue, after which Owsley assumed writing duties. While writing "Amazing", DeFalco continued editing various comics.

Editor-in-Chief.

After co-writing two issues of "Fantastic Four" (#301–302; April–May 1987), DeFalco took over writing duties on "Thor" with #383 in September. DeFalco became Marvel's tenth Editor-in-Chief on April 15, 1987. This change was effective in comics cover-dated November 1987. He served from 1987 to 1994, making him one of the longest serving individuals to hold that post. The only Editors-in-Chief with longer service than him were Stan Lee (1941–1942, 1944–1972), Shooter (1978–1987), and Joe Quesada (2000–2011).  Early in DeFalco's run as editor-in-chief, executive editor Mark Gruenwald remarked, "Tom does not seem to have as strong a personal vision for Marvel [as Shooter], and as a result he's more open to other people's visions. It remains to be seen if that's good or bad." In an interview with "The Comic Book Gazette", DeFalco described his experiences as Editor-in-Chief as being "A lot like those old Bullpen Bulletins comic strips, but with significantly more yelling!"  He was a key member of the management team that took Marvel public, and under his leadership, Marvel's net profits from publishing rose by over 500%. Under DeFalco's guidance, Marvel entered a phase of expansion that provided an opportunity for "new talent" to enter the comic book industry, and released a number of new titles with original characters. After clashing with the company's upper management, DeFalco resigned in 1994.  During his tenure as Editor-in-Chief, DeFalco had continued to write as well, with noted runs on "Thor" where he created the New Warriors with artist Ron Frenz and the spin-off "Thunderstrike", as well as "Fantastic Four" and Marvel children's comic imprint Star Comics.

Return to Spider-Man.

Defalco was one of the writers on the "Maximum Carnage" storyline in 1993. His resignation as Editor-in-Chief coincided with a run on "The Spectacular Spider-Man" (#215-229 Aug. 1994 - Oct. 1995), after which he returned to "The Amazing Spider-Man" in January 1996 for issues #407-439. During this time he helped co-write the Spider-Clone Saga which revealed (temporarily, at least) that Peter Parker was a clone of the original that had been active since 1975. Peter would be replaced by the original Spider-Man under the alias "Ben Reilly". Following several changes of creators and fan reaction, this was soon reversed.  DeFalco created Spider-Girl, who first appeared in an issue of "What If?" which led to him writing the MC2 line launched in 1998 including the "Spider-Girl" ongoing series which ran for 100 issues. Spider-Girl went on to star in "Amazing Spider-Girl" (30 issues) and the most recent volume, "The Spectacular Spider-Girl", making her Marvel's longest-running female star of a solo series.  In early 2009, as the Spider-Girl series was drawing to a close, DeFalco said it might be some of his last work for Marvel as he was in danger of being typecast because of his long run with the characters.  The "Spider-Girl" series was cancelled in 2010.

Other work.

DeFalco is the author of over a dozen graphic novels, several hundred comic book stories, several dozen cyber-comics, three novels and six children's books, including the best-selling Dorling Kindersley guides to Marvel comics characters. These include: "Spider-Man: The Ultimate Guide", "Avengers: The Ultimate Guide", "Fantastic Four: The Ultimate Guide" and "Hulk: The Incredible Guide". For Titan Books he has compiled three volumes in their "Comic Creators On..." series of essays and thoughts on Marvel characters (Spider-Man, the Fantastic Four and the X-Men, between 2004 and 2006).  DeFalco has personally created and developed over three dozen characters that have all been licensed for television, toys, T-shirts, posters, trading cards and other merchandise, and has written "Khan" and The Phantom for Moonstone Books.  In April 2010, Archie Comics announced DeFalco would be returning to his roots, to write a four-part storyline, "The Man from R.I.V.E.R.D.A.L.E.", beginning with Archie Comics issue #610.  DeFalco would return to DC Comics in August 2011 with a Superman one-shot, "Superman Beyond" and in 2012 as guest writer on "Nightwing" and helping on the "Ravagers" for DC's The New 52 line. DeFalco began scripting the "Superboy" series over Scott Lobdell's plots with issue #6 (April 2012) and became the full writer with issue #12 (October 2012). His "Superboy" run ended with #18, which was co-scripted by Tony Lee. He also wrote "Legion Lost" #0 and 6-18 and the final four issues (#17-20) of "Savage Hawkman".  In December 2016, Archie launched a new ongoing "Reggie & Me" series by DeFalco and artist Sandy Jarrell.

Tom DeFalco (born June 26, 1950) is an American comic book writer and editor, well known for his association with Marvel Comics and in particular for his work with Spider-Man.


Life.

Born in Bressay, Shetland, Scotland, Sir Robert Hamilton was the son of Rev. Zachary Macaulay Hamilton and his first wife Anne Irvine (née Croockshank). He was educated at Grammar School.  Robert was educated at University and King's College, Aberdeen, where he graduated MA in March 1854. In 1855, he migrated to London and entered the civil service as a temporary clerk at the war office. In the same year he was sent to the Crimea as a clerk in the commissariat department. In 1857, he was employed in the office of works, and in 1861 he was selected to take charge of the finance of the education department, the work of which was then rapidly growing in bulk and complexity. In 1869, on Lord Lingen's recommendation, Hamilton was appointed to the yet more difficult post of accountant to the board of trade, and in this capacity he successfully reorganised the board's financial department ; from 1872 to 1878 he was assistant-secretary to the board of trade. In 1872, he was appointed assistant-secretary and in 1874 secretary of Playfair's civil service inquiry commission ; in this capacity he spent some time at Dublin Castle with a view to its reorganisation. In 1878, he became accountant-general of the navy, and was the first to simplify the naval estimates so as to make them intelligible to the public. In 1879 he was appointed a member of The Earl of Carnarvon's royal commission on colonial defenses, and in May 1882 he was made permanent secretary to the admiralty.  On the murder of Thomas Henry Burke in that month, Hamilton was lent by the admiralty for two successive periods of six months each to the Irish government as under-secretary of state for Ireland. He was then made permanent under-secretary and C.B. ; on 12 January 1884 he was created K.C.B., and in the following year honorary LL.D. of Aberdeen. While in Ireland, Hamilton became convinced of the advisability of home rule from an administrative point of view, and he is said to have had some share in influencing both his chief, Earl Spencer, and W. E. Gladstone in the same direction. The persistent rumour that he drafted Gladstone's first home rule bill in 1886 was quite incorrect, but his sympathies with home rule were naturally regarded as a cause of his removal from the under-secretaryship in November 1886 by the conservative ministry which had succeeded the liberal ministry in the preceding July on the rejection of Gladstone's home rule proposals by the House of Commons. He was at once appointed governor of Tasmania, and was succeeded as under-secretary by Major-general Sir Redvers Buller. In 1887, he presided over the meeting of the Australian federal council held at Hobart.  He was very much in favour of the advancement of the Australian colonies, and encouraged industrial development, and road and railway works to be undertaken during his time in office. He was also strongly in favour of Australian federalism, and presided over the Federal Council of Australasia held in Hobart in 1887, 1888, and 1889. In 1887 he hosted an extravagant gala balls to mark Queen Victoria's golden jubilee in 1887, and was the president of the Royal Society of Tasmania. He helped to found the University of Tasmania, and promoted the establishment of schools, technical colleges and museums in Tasmania.  Hamilton remained governor of Tasmania until 1893 ; on his return he was appointed royal commissioner to inquire into the working of the constitution of Dominica. In 1894, on Mr. Morley's nomination, he was placed on the commission appointed to inquire into the financial relations between England and Ireland, and in November of the same year he was made chairman of the board of customs.  He died at 31 Redcliffe Square, South Kensington, on 22 April 1895, and was buried at Richmond, Surrey, on 26 April 1895.

Recognition.

Portraits in oils by Tennyson Cole of Sir Robert and Lady Hamilton, were purchased by subscription amongst leading citizens and presented to the Tasmanian Art Gallery in 1890.

Family.

On 18 August 1863 he married Caroline Jane Ball, and they had three sons and daughter. Their second son Robert William Hamilton who became Liberal MP for Orkney & Shetland. Caroline died in 1875. Their daughter Anne married Theyre à Beckett Weigall, a prominent Australian judge, and was the mother of the author Joan Lindsay.  On 4 July 1877, he married Teresa Felicia, with whom he had a further two sons and one daughter.

Sir Robert George Crookshank Hamilton KCB, (30 August 1836 – 22 April 1895) was the sixth Governor, and the Commander-in-Chief of the then British colony of Tasmania from 11 March 1887, until 30 November 1892, during which time he oversaw the ministries of two Tasmanian premiers, Sir Philip Fysh (30 March 1887 to 17 August 1892) and Henry Dobson (17 August 1892 to 14 April 1894).


Background.

The Romans were mining copper ore in the Coniston area 2000 years ago, and there is evidence that copper was being extracted from the area as long ago as the Bronze Age. Green slate has also been quarried in the area for at least 500 years and there has been a tourist industry for some 200 years. By the middle of the 19th century the copper mines and the slate quarries at Coniston were flourishing, the mines employing 400 men and the quarries were producing an average of 2,000 tons of slate a month. Around this time the Coniston mines were the largest copper mines in the north of England.  Before the railway was built, materials had to be transported in horse-drawn carts to Coniston Water, by barge on the lake, and then again by cart to Broughton-in-Furness. The public had to travel on a horse-drawn "omnibus". In 1848, hoping for an increase in tourism, J. G. Marshall demolished his inn at the head of the lake and replaced it with a "handsome hotel". The Furness Railway had opened their line from Barrow-in-Furness to Kirkby-in-Furness in June 1846 and its extension to Broughton in February 1848. The Whitehaven and Furness Junction Railway opened its line from Whitehaven in 1849 and this reached Broughton in October 1850. Also in 1849 the Furness Railway paid £550 (equivalent to £ in ), to improve the road from Ambleside to Broughton (now the A593).

Planning and building.

In November 1849 the railway engineer John Barraclough Fell proposed building a railway with a gauge of 3 ft. 3in. from the copper mines at Coniston to link with the Furness Railway at Broughton. John Robinson McClean, engineer of the Furness Railway, reported this to the Earl of Burlington (later to be Duke of Devonshire), the company's chairman, recommending that the line should be of standard gauge. However no further action was taken at that time. Interest in the line revived in 1856, and the route was surveyed by George Sanders to plans drawn up by McClean and his assistant, Frank Stileman.  The Coniston Railway Act received Royal Assent on 10 August 1857. The line was initially run as a separate business, although it was closely associated with the Furness Railway, having the same chairman (the Duke of Devonshire) and general manager (James Ramsden). A company was established with a capital of £45,000 (equivalent to £ in ). Tenders were invited and the contract for building the line was awarded to Child & Pickles. Work on building the line started in January 1858, but the contractors became bankrupt in August of that year. The Furness Railway took over responsibility for completing the line. The line was inspected on 25 May 1859 and again on 14 June by Colonel Yolland, the inspecting officer from the Railway Department of the Board of Trade. He identified a number of improvements to be made before he could sanction the opening of the line. The line was opened on 18 June 1859 although the buildings at Coniston railway station were not completed until the end of the year. These buildings were designed by the Lancaster architect E. G. Paley in Swiss chalet style. The extension of the line to the copper mines did not open until 1860. In 1862 the Coniston Railway was amalgamated with the Furness Railway, the Act being placed on the Statute Book on 7 July.

Route.

The line ran for 8.5 miles from Coniston to Broughton-in-Furness. At Broughton-in-Furness it joined the Whitehaven and Furness Junction Railway to Foxfield where lines led in one direction towards the west coast of Cumberland (as it then was) and in the other direction via the Furness Railway to Barrow-in-Furness. There were stations at Coniston and Broughton-in-Furness, with intermediate stations at Torver and Woodland. An extension from Coniston to Copper House (for the copper mines) was opened in 1860. From Broughton-in-Furness the line rose steeply, initially up a gradient of 1 in 49, to Woodland. From Woodland it continued to rise, with a maximum gradient of 1 in 77, to Torver. Just after Torver station it reached its highest level and then descended towards Coniston, with a level section just before Coniston station.

Subsequent development.

From the outset trains ran from Coniston to Broughton-in-Furness and on to Foxfield and most trains went further, terminating at Kirkby-in-Furness. On weekdays there were four trains each way every weekday and two on Sundays. During the winter months there were only three trains on weekdays. By 1907 there were eight trains each day between Foxfield and Coniston. The "Fleetwood Boat Train" had a connection with the steamer service between Fleetwood and Barrow. Towards the end of the First World War workmen's trains ran between Coniston and the shipyards at Barrow. In August 1930 there were ten trains running each way on weekdays. In the summer of 1939 a direct train was introduced from Blackpool Central to Coniston. After the Second World War there continued to be about nine trains a day on weekdays. On Tuesdays and Thursdays a through train travelled from Blackpool. Initially on Sundays there were usually two trains a day each way, although by 1922 there were four trains. After the Second World War there were usually only three trains each way on Sundays.

Steam yachts.

"Gondola".

From the outset of the railway the company were aware of its potential for tourism. In an attempt to attract more tourists to use the line it bought a steam yacht, the "Gondola". This was made by the Liverpool firm of Jones, Quiggin and Company at a cost of £1,200 (£ in ), transported in sections by rail, and assembled on the slipway close to Coniston Hall. It was launched on 30 November 1859 and began to run a regular service the following June. "Gondola" was long and was registered to carry 200 passengers. In 1900 alterations were made at a cost of £35 (£ in ), removing the smoking room and providing more accommodation for second-class passengers. The boat was taken out of service in 1936. Its engine was removed and sold in 1944, the boat itself was used as a houseboat, and then sunk in the winter of 1963–64. It was later re-floated and acquired by the National Trust in 1978. It was divided into sections and taken to Vicker's shipyard at Barrow-in-Furness for rebuilding. "Gondola" was reassembled at Coniston and resumed service in 1980.

"Lady of the Lake".

Such was the success of "Gondola" that the company commissioned another boat, the "Lady of the Lake". This was manufactured by Thorneycroft of Southampton in 1907 and was registered to carry 400 passengers. It cost £5,600 (£ in ), was long and had a maximum speed of 11.5 knots. The boat was taken out of service at the outset of the Second World War and broken up for scrap in 1950.

Locomotives.

From the start, locomotives were supplied by the Furness Railway. Originally these were of two types, 0-4-0 locomotives built by Bury, Curtis, and Kennedy, of which "Copperknob" is an example, and 2-2-2 well tanks built by Sharp Brothers and Company. In the 1870s and 1880s the passenger trains were hauled by 2-4-0 locomotives built by Sharp, Stewart and Company, which were later replaced by 4-4-0 locomotives, which were later converted into 2-4-2T locomotives. For the purpose of economy, the railway developed a "steam rail motor car" which ran between 1905 and 1915. Meanwhile, the 2-4-2T locomotives were being helped out by 0-6-2T locomotives. In 1915 a 4-4-2T locomotive designed by Pettigrew was introduced.  From 1934 motor trains were introduced, powered by L&YR Class 5 2-4-2T locomotives designed by Aspinall. From 1935 Fowler 2-6-2T locomotives were used on the line. During the Second World War the Aspinall tanks were replaced by Webb 2-4-2T tanks. The final locomotives regularly used on the line were Ivatt 2-6-2T locomotives. Trains on the Blackpool to Coniston service were usually hauled by a Stanier Class 5 locomotive, although on one occasion in July 1957, it was hauled by Jubilee 45678 "De Robeck". In August 1954 an experimental three-car diesel train was introduced but this was unsuccessful.

Closure and today.

In 1957 there were eight trains each day and a survey showed that an average of only 18 passengers were carried on each of these trips. It was estimated that if the line were closed about £17,000 (£ in ), would be saved each year. The line was closed for passenger trains on 6 October 1958. On 27 August 1961 an enthusiast's train ran on the line pulled by Fowler 4F 44347. Freight services ended on 30 April 1962 and the track was lifted and the other railway structures were removed. The Coniston footbridge was dismantled and re-built at Ravenglass for the Ravenglass and Eskdale Railway. Most of the land was sold to farmers along the route. Part of the track bed was used for a new water main constructed in 1974. Other parts of the track bed were converted into footpaths. Most of the bridges were demolished. The station buildings at Torver, Woodland and Broughton, and two of the crossing cottages, were sold to be used as private houses. Coniston station was demolished in 1968 and its site used for industrial units and houses. "Gondola" continues to run a service during summer months, calling at Coniston Pier, Brantwood and Monk Coniston.

The Coniston Railway was a railway in Cumbria, England, linking Coniston and Broughton-in-Furness, which ran for over 100 years between the middle of the 19th to the middle of the 20th century. It was originally designed for the transport of slate and copper ore from the mines near Coniston to the coast and later developed into a line for tourists to the Lake District. The line opened in 1859 and closed in 1962.


Playing career.

Born in Sundsvall, Sweden, Erixon played junior hockey with local team Timra IK. In 2004–05, he debuted at the under-18 level as a 15-year-old, playing two games in the J18 Allsvenskan. The following season, he dressed for 14 J18 games, recording three goals and two assists. He also competed with a regional all-star team from Medelpad in the annual TV-pucken, an under-15 national tournament, and notched two assists over four games. In 2006–07, Erixon moved on to Timra's J20 SuperElit team at 17 years old; he recorded 13 points (6 goals and 7 assists) over 39 games. His efforts also saw him debut with the men's team in Sweden's premiere Elitserien, dressing for two games.  Erixon then split the 2007–08 season between Timra in the Elitserien (pointless in 27 games) and IF Sundsvall of the second-tier HockeyAllsvenskan on a loan (7 points over 23 games). He became a full-time Elitserien player beginning in 2008–09 and recorded back-to-back 7-point campaigns. After a breakout 20-point season in 2010–11 (leading all team defencemen in scoring), Erixon was signed as an undrafted and unrestricted free agent in the National Hockey League (NHL) by the Vancouver Canucks on April 20, 2011. Joining the Canucks for his first NHL training camp in September 2011, he was assigned to the team's minor league affiliate, the Chicago Wolves of the American Hockey League (AHL). During the season Erixon was traded to the Anaheim Ducks in exchange for Andrew Gordon. Injury prevented Erixon appearing with the Ducks organization before he returned to Timra the following season.

International play.

Erixon made his international debut with Sweden at the 2007 IIHF World U18 Championships in Finland. He recorded one assist over six games, helping Sweden to a bronze medal. Two years later, he moved on to the under-20 level at the 2009 World Junior Championships and notched two assists over six games. He helped Sweden to the gold medal game, where they were defeated 5–1 by Canada, earning silver.

Personal life.

Erixon's comes from a family of hockey players. His father, Staffan, is a retired ice hockey player who also played for Timra IK in the Elitserien and the Allsvenskan. His brother, Christopher, born a year before Erixon, has played with several in the HockeyAllsvenskan; the two played together with Timra IK during their junior years.

Sebastian Erixon (born September 12, 1989) is a Swedish professional ice hockey defenceman who is currently playing for Färjestad BK in the Swedish Hockey League (SHL). Representing Sweden in international competition, he has won silver at the 2009 World Junior Championships and bronze at the 2007 IIHF World U18 Championships.


History.

Early history.

Savanur State was founded in 1672 when Abdul Karim Khan, an Afghan of the Miyana tribe from Kabul, in the service of the sultanat of Bijapur, was granted the jagir of Sarkar Bankapur near Bijapur in 1672.  His successors ruled over extensive territories almost independently for over a century under Mughal tutelage.  However, Savanur was conquered and made a tributary by the Marathas, which gradually eroded away Savanur's territory. By the second half of the eighteenth century, more than half of Savanur had been ceded to the Marathas.  The remainder of Savanur became part of Hyder Ali's territory and by the end of the century, Tipu Sultan had annexed the Nawab. Although having their territory annexed by various powers the "Nawab of Savanur" continued to be a political entity. The occupation by the Kingdom of Mysore had begun on 29 October 1786 and lasted until 17 December 1791. Later all the territories were returned by Mysore to the Marathas, following the Battle of Gajendragad.  The name Savanur is said to be the corruption of the Persian word Shahnoor, which means 'king of light'. Few others claim that the city was established in the Hindu month of Shravan, and hence the name Savanur.

British hegemony.

With the death of Tipu Sultan in 1799, independence returned to Savanur with about a third of its original territory. Thereafter, Savanur slowly drifted towards British suzerainty. After the collapse of the Maratha Empire in 1818, following the Third Anglo-Maratha War, Savanur accepted protection from British East India Company and became a British protectorate.  The final ruling Nawab of Savanur, Abdul Majid Khan II, succeeded as a minor at the age of two years, and had been carefully raised and educated by his British overseers. He traveled widely and mixed with people in all walks of life in India and abroad. He returned to assume power determined to modernize his state, engaging in a furious program of building modern schools, dispensaries, government offices, courts, palaces, jails, irrigation tanks, and roads. In the short period of thirty-five years of his active rule, this little state advanced beyond anything achieved in the previous three centuries. The advent of Indian independence in 1947 and the withdrawal of the British caused the Nawab great sadness. Once the transfer formalities were completed, he retired to his private mansion at Dharwad, never setting foot in Savanur again. After his death in 1954, local authorities, out of sincere respect for a distinguished gentleman held in high regard almost universally, buried him in his beloved Savanur.

Nawabs of Savanur.

The Nawabs of Savanur were tolerant of all religions, and donated liberally to several Hindu temples and mutts. Betel leaves, jowar and cotton were the principal exports of the Savanur state. The Nawabs also had cordial relationship with the Dvaita mutt associated with Sri Satyabodhatirtha.  In the latter part of the 19th century the Nawab of Savanur was renowned because he used to drink only water that had been brought from the Ganges. Apparently he did so because of the medicinal properties of the water of that river.

Rulers.

The rulers of Savanur State were Sunni Muslim and used the title 'Nawab'.

Savanur State, Nawab of Savanur was one of the princely states of British India. It was the only state belonging to the Dharwar Agency under the Bombay Presidency, which became later part of the Deccan States Agency. The last ruler of the state acceded to the Dominion of India on 8 March 1948.


Usage.

The subject of an e-mail message may contain such an abbreviation to signify that all content is in the subject line so that the message itself does not need to be opened (e.g., "No classes Monday (EOM)" or "Midterm delayed <EOM>"). This practice can save the time of the receiver and has been recommended to increase productivity.  EOM can also be used in conjunction with "no reply necessary" or NRN to signify that the sender doesn't require (or would prefer not to receive) a response (e.g., "Campaign has launched (EOM/NRN)") or "reply requested" or RR to signify that the sender wishes a response (e.g., "Got a minute? (EOM/RR)"). These are examples of Internet slang.  EOM is often used this way, as a synonym to NRN, in blogs and forums online. It is often a snide way for commenters to imply that their message is so perfect that there can be no logical response to it. Or it can be used as a way of telling another specific poster to stop writing back.  EOM can also be defined as the final 3 beeps of an activation of the Emergency Alert System to know when the alert is finished.

Origin.

In earlier communications methods, an "end of message" ("EOM") sequence of characters indicated to a receiving device or operator that the current message has ended. In teleprinter systems, the sequence "NNNN", on a line by itself, is an end of message indicator. In several Morse code conventions, including amateur radio, the prosign AR (dit dah dit dah dit) means end of message.  In the original ASCII code, "EOM" corresponded to code 03, which has since been renamed to "ETX" ("end of text").

End of message or EOM (as in "(EOM)" or "<EOM>") signifies the end of a message, often an e-mail message.


Life.

Flagello was born in New York City, into a very musical family. His brother Ezio Flagello was a bass who sang at the Metropolitan Opera. One of his first music teachers was the composer Vittorio Giannini, and he then studied at the Manhattan School of Music. Upon graduating (M.M., 1950) he joined the faculty, where he remained for more than 25 years. In 1955, he won a Fulbright Fellowship to study at the Accademia Nazionale di Santa Cecilia in Rome where he worked under Ildebrando Pizzetti.  As a composer, Flagello held firmly to a belief in music as a personal medium for emotional and spiritual expression. This unfashionable view, together with his vehement rejection of the serialism that dominated musical composition for several decades after World War II, hindered his music from attracting significant attention during much of his lifetime. Among his most auspicious successes were the oratorio "The Passion of Martin Luther King" (1968), premiered in Washington, DC, in 1974, and the opera "The Judgment of St. Francis" (1959), presented at the Cathedral of St. Francis in Assisi in 1982. He produced a large body of work, including six operas, two symphonies, eight concertos, and numerous orchestral, choral, chamber, and vocal compositions. As a conductor, he made many recordings with the Orchestra Sinfonica di Roma and the Orchestra da Camera di Roma, focusing on repertoire from the Baroque to the 20th century. In the mid-1980s, his career was cut short by a degenerative disease, at which time a number of his works were left without orchestration. Many of these works were later orchestrated by composer and editor Anthony Sbordoni. Flagello died in New Rochelle, New York, on March 16, 1994. Since his death Flagello's music has generated a greater following, and many of his major works have been recorded. He was married to Dianne Flagello.  Numerous songs for voice and piano

Nicolas Oreste Flagello (March 15, 1928 – March 16, 1994), was an American composer and conductor of classical music. He was one of the last American composers to develop a distinctive mode of expression based wholly on the principles and techniques of European late romanticism.


Human presence.

The people of the Ata'ta (or Al Atata) tribe are the native inhabitants of Dana Biosphere Reserve. Their history in Dana dates 400 years, but their original settlement in the area dates more than 6000 years. Besides the presence of the Ata'ta people, archeological discoveries suggest Palaeolithic, Egyptian, Nabataean, and Roman settlement in Dana.

Accommodations.

Visitors to Dana Nature Reserve and Dana village can stay at Dana Cooperative Hotel and other accommodations.

Geography.

Dana Biosphere Reserve drops from an altitude of on the Qadisiyah plateau to the low-lying desert area of Wadi Araba. The varied geology of Dana contains limestone, sandstone, and granite. The area of Wadi Dana features wind-cut sandstone cliffs. Dana is the only nature reserve in Jordan that crosses four bio-geographical zones; Mediterranean, Irano-Turanian, Saharo-Arabian, and Sudanian penetration.

Flora and fauna.

The diverse environment of Dana is home to 703 plant species, 215 species of birds, and 38 species of mammals.

Plants.

Dana is the most diverse area of plant life in the country, consisting of numerous vegetation types including: Phoenician juniper, evergreen oak, sand dunes, acacia, and rocky sudanian. Dana is the southernmost area in the world to host the Mediterranean cypress, "Cupressus sempervirens". Of the hundreds of plants species inhabiting Dana, three can be found nowhere else in the world. Many plants, especially trees and shrubs, grow in the highlands of the nature reserve.

Endangered species.

The threatened Nubian ibex, Syrian serin, caracal, and lesser kestrel are natives of Wadi Dana and plans to save the species were put forth by Global Environment Fund in 1994. Additionally, the largest breeding colony of the Syrian serin is in Dana Nature Reserve. Threats to the animals include hunting.

Dana Biosphere Reserve is Jordan's largest nature reserve, located in south-central Jordan. Dana Biosphere Reserve was founded in 1989 in the area in and around the Dana village and Wadi Dana comprising.


History.

The Catholic Church had an uninterrupted presence in the City of London between the fourth century and the Reformation in the sixteenth century. The first post-Reformation Catholic chapel in the City was established in Lime Street in 1686, in reign of James II. The Lime Street chapel was suppressed, and later re-established in Grub Street (now Milton Street), near Moorfields. The Gordon Riots of 1780 resulted in the destruction of a chapel in White Street.  Following the Roman Catholic Relief Act of 1791, the White Street chapel was rebuilt. In 1817, Reverend Joseph Hunt arranged the building of a church on the east side of Finsbury Circus. The church, which opened in 1820, was designed by John Newman in the neo-classical style and given the name St Mary Moorfields, opened in 1820. In 1850 the Catholic hierarchy was re-established in the United Kingdom, and the church was chosen as London's Pro-cathedral by Cardinal Wiseman. In 1869, the title of Pro-cathedral was passed to Our Lady of Victories, Kensington

Organ.

The earliest known pipe organ associated with the parish dates from the second half of the eighteenth-century, and so may have been obtained for the post-Gordon-Riots chapel in White Street. This instrument is currently located in the Anglican church of St Mary Lode in Gloucester. It had previously been located in the Anglican church of 'St Nicholas, Gloucester; moved there in 1831 by the organ-building firm of Gray and Davidson.  The next pipe organ associated with the parish – for which there is detail – was installed around 1830 by the organ-building firm of Bevington, and was a much more substantial instrument, better befitting the 1820s building. In 1842 it was described as follows: St Mary's Catholic Chapel Moorfields. This organ erected by Bevington and Son at an expense of £1000 has three rows of keys, an octave and a half of pedal pipes, and nine composition pedals. Service at eleven and six o'clock. Organist Mr Vincent Novello.  From the same "Musical Standard" article we also learn the names of the early organists of the parish:  When the Finsbury Square building was closed and demolished this instrument was dismantled and in 1905 rebuilt by the organ building firm of Bishop and Son in the Ilford (Essex) Presbyterian Church.  The pipe organ in the current building is situated on a gallery at the liturgical-west end and made by the organ building firm of Corps, which flourished variously in Reading (Surrey), Norwich (Norfolk) and Camden Town (London) until about 1870. This date suggests that the organ was purchased second-hand, but its original location and the details of who installed the organ here are so far unknown.

St Mary Moorfields is a Roman Catholic church in Eldon Street near Moorgate, on a site previously known as Moorfields. It is the only Catholic church in the City of London. Prior to 1994, the church was designated as being in the Borough of Hackney, such that there were no Catholic churches in the City.


Origin and education.

Annette Kurschus grew up in Obersuhl in Hessen and in Siegen. Her father Georg Kurschus (1930-2017) was a protestant pastor at the Nikolai Church in Siegen. After graduating from high school in Siegen in 1982, she studied medicine for a short time, and since 1983 Protestant theology at the University of Bonn, the University of Marburg, the University of Münster and at the "Kirchliche Hochschule Wuppertal". She completed her vicariate in Siegen-Eiserfeld.

Career and position.

After her vicariate Annette Kurschus became parish priest in Siegen-Klafeld in 1993 and in Siegen-Weidenau in 1999. Since 2001 she was also deputy superintendent of the Evangelical Church District of Siegen. From 2005 to 2012 she held the function of Superintendent of the Evangelical Church District of Siegen.  In November 2011 she was elected by the Westphalian regional synod as Praeses of the Evangelical Church of Westphalia (EKvW) and was introduced into the function of the leading clergy on 4 March 2012.  Since November 2015 Annette Kurschus has also been a member of the Council of the Evangelical Church in Germany and deputy chairwoman of the Council, and since 2016 commissioner of the EKD Council for relations with the Polish churches.  On 20 November 2019 Annette Kurschus was confirmed in the function of the Praeses and re-elected for a further term.

Further functions.

Annette Kurschus is co-editor of the evangelical magazine chrismon and the evangelical monthly magazine zeitzeichen. She is chairwoman of the board of the evangelical press association and of the supervisory board of the German Bible Society. Furthermore she is a member of the board of trustees of the Detmold University of Music and since 2020 she is a member of the university council of the University of Münster.

Award.

The University of Münster awarded Annette Kurschus an honorary doctorate (Dr. theol. h.c.) on 28 January 2019. She received the award due to her merits concerning the dialogue between religion and society.

Annette Kurschus (born on 14 February 1963 in Rotenburg an der Fulda) is a German Protestant theologian and pastor. Since March 2012 she has been Praeses (or in German "Präses") of the Evangelical Church of Westphalia and since November 2015 she has also been Vice-President of the Council of the Evangelical Church in Germany (EKD).


Location.

Dachau station is located southeast of the town of Dachau. The station building is located to the west of the tracks and has the address of Bahnhofplatz 1. Frühlingstraße runs to the west of the station, while Langhammerstraße runs west from the Bahnhofplatz (station forecourt). To the east of the tracks is Obere Moosschwaigestraße where there is a park-and-ride area. Schleißheimer Straße passes under the tracks to the north of the station. Augustenfelder Straße runs through an underpass to the south of the station. There is a bus station in the station forecourt.

History.

Dachau station was opened on 14 November 1867, together with the Munich–Ingolstadt railway. Facilities available by then included a turntable, a level junction, a goods shed (equipped with a loading track), an entrance building and a watering point. In the following years, the railway received continuous upgrades. Additional tracks were built around Dachau station in 1884, and the station building was upgraded twice, in 1887 and 1895.  The branch from Dachau to Markt Indersdorf, which is also known as the "Ludwig-Thoma-Bahn" (after the author Ludwig Thoma), was opened on 8 July 1912. This branch line was extended to Altomünster on 18 December 1913, and a new station closer to Dachau town center opened on the branch. To distinguish between the two stations, Dachau station was renamed (in German) from "Bahnhof Dachau" to "Dachau Bahnhof". This change indicates that Dachau station is the main line station serving the town, but not in it.  The main line from Munich to Dachau was electrified in 1939, but further electrification to Ingolstadt was delayed by the outbreak of World War II and was not completed until 1960. In 1972, Dachau station was rebuilt again with two new platforms, in preparation for S-Bahn operations, which commenced on 28 May 1972. The S-Bahn line, numbered S2, operates between Petershausen and Munich, with Dachau being an important intermediate station.  General freight operations ended in 1976 and the handling of all other freight was abandoned in 1980. In 1998, the station and forecourt were significantly restructured.  The Dachau–Altomünster railway was integrated into Munich S-Bahn in 1995. At that time, diesel railcars were used, and the railway operated under a separate entity called "Line A". Its electrification was delayed several times, but was eventually finished in 2014. Since then, some S2 services have been diverted onto the Altomünster branch.

Conversion for the Nuremberg–Ingolstadt–Munich high-speed line.

In the spring of 2000, construction began on the upgraded line ("Ausbaustrecke") between Ingolstadt and Munich as part of the Nuremberg–Ingolstadt–Munich high-speed line. The Petershausen–Munich line was upgraded for operations at 200 km/h and new tracks are laid for the S-Bahn. On 21 April 2003, the upgrade of the Petershausen–Dachau section was completed, including a third track for line S 2. On 11 December 2005, the upgrade of the Dachau–München-Obermenzing section was completed and the two additional tracks for the S-Bahn were opened, which made possible the operation of S-Bahn services between Munich and Dachau at 10-minute intervals. Dachau station was fundamentally redesigned and received new platforms and improved accessibility.

Infrastructure.

Dachau station has five platform tracks on three platforms, with platform tracks 1 and 3 and the bay platform 2 located on the same island platform. Track 1 is served by the S-Bahn towards Munich, track 2 by the S-Bahn to Altomünster and track 3 by the S-Bahn towards Petershausen. Track 4, which is a single-sided platform, is served by regional services towards Munich and in the peak hour by single S-Bahn services to Altomünster or Munich. Tracks 5 and 6, which have no platforms, are separated from platform 4 by a noise barrier and are used by non-stopping trains on the high-speed line. Track 7 is also located on a side platform and is served by regional trains towards Ingolstadt. Another noise barrier separates this side platform from Obere Moosschwaigestraße. The S-Bahn platform is roofed and has digital destination displays, while the two side platforms have no platform canopies or platform displays. The platforms are connected by a tunnel to the station building and are equipped with lifts, making them accessible for the disabled. The station is located in the area of the Münchner Verkehrs- und Tarifverbund Munich Transport and Tariff Association, MVV).  The signals and switches at the station are controlled by a Siemens class 60 (SP Dr S60) track plan push button interlocking. The entrance building houses a ticket office and a McDonald's restaurant.

Platform data.

Platform lengths and heights are as follows:

Operations.

Regional Express and Regionalbahn.

The station is served by the Munich–Treuchtlingen–Nuremberg Regional-Express service and the Munich–Treuchtlingen Regionalbahn service. Both services run every two hours, resulting in an hourly service between Munich and Treuchtlingen. These services are operated with double-deck push–pull trains propelled by class 111 locomotives. In addition, there are single Regionalbahn services operated in the peak hours between Munich and Ingolstadt using Silberling carriages.

Munich S-Bahn.

Dachau station is served by Munich S-Bahn line S2, which runs between Petershausen or Altomünster to Erding, operated using Class 423 electric multiple units. In peak hours, extra S-Bahn services run between Dachau and Altomünster using a class 420 electric multiple unit, increasing the frequency between Dachau and Altomünster to every 30 minutes.  S-Bahn services towards Munich town centre run every 20 minutes, while the S-Bahn trains to Petershausen are either 20 or 40 minutes apart from each other.  Before electrification, the route to Altomünster was operated by diesel multiple units and designated as Line A.

Trains passing through Dachau non-stop.

Every two hours the München-Nürnberg-Express passes through the station without stopping. In addition, all Intercity-Express trains on the Nuremberg–Ingolstadt–Munich high-speed line run through the station without stopping.

Bus links.

The bus station at Dachau station has five platforms. It is served by MVV routes operated by Dachau city transport (716–720, 722, 726 and 744) and district transport (172, 291, 702–706, 710, 721, 725, 736 and 791).

Dachau station () is a station in the Bavarian town of Dachau on the Munich S-Bahn network. It is classified by Deutsche Bahn as a category 3 station and it has five platform tracks. It is served daily by about 190 trains operated by Deutsche Bahn, including 150 S-Bahn trains. Dachau station is on the Nuremberg–Munich high-speed railway and is the beginning of the Dachau–Altomünster railway.