Early life and education.

Richman was born into a Jewish family in Brooklyn, New York, and raised in the Sheepshead Bay neighborhood of the borough. He attended "a Solomon Schechter school through eighth grade and then a Talmud Torah high school", ultimately graduating from Midwood High School. He completed his undergraduate degree in International Studies at Emory University in Atlanta, Georgia, and earned a master's degree from the Yale School of Drama. While attending Emory University, Richman was a member of Alpha Epsilon Pi fraternity.

Career.

Richman's acting career has included guest roles on "Guiding Light", "All My Children", "", and he portrayed God as a butcher on "Joan of Arcadia" in 2004. In addition to appearing in regional theater productions throughout the United States, he was also seen in several national television commercials.  As a self-educated food expert and trained sushi chef, Richman has kept a travel journal that includes every restaurant he has visited since 1995. To maintain his health while indulging for his show on "Travel Channel's" "Man v. Food" (which originally aired between 2008 and 2012), Richman would exercise twice a day while on the road. When the schedule permitted, he would not eat the day before a challenge. He also tried to stay hydrated by drinking lots of water or club soda and forgoing coffee and soft drinks. Richman retired from competitive eating in January 2012; thus, "Man v. Food Nation" was his final season of "Man v. Food". During his time as a competitive eater, Richman gained a considerable amount of weight and became depressed. After retiring from competitive eating, he lost.  Richman was a paid spokesman for Zantac during Season 3 of "Man v. Food".  Richman is also the author of "America the Edible: A Hungry History from Sea to Dining Sea", which was released on November 9, 2010, by Rodale Publishing.  On January 23, 2011, Richman appeared on Food Network's "Iron Chef America" as a judge for a battle with Gruyère cheese as the theme ingredient.  Richman hosted Travel Channel's "The Traveler's Guide to Life", which debuted on January 26, 2011, and "Amazing Eats", a spin-off of his popular series "Man v. Food" and "Man v. Food Nation", which premiered on January 11, 2012. Richman also hosted the TV series "Adam Richman's Best Sandwich in America" which premiered Wednesday, June 6, 2012 at 9 p.m. ET. This 11 episode weekly series documented Richman's "nationwide quest to find the best thing since sliced bread 'on' sliced bread." He ultimately declared the roast-pork sandwich from Tommy DiNic's in Philadelphia's Reading Terminal Market his "Best Sandwich in America."  Richman hosts the Travel Channel's "Adam Richman's Fandemonium". An NBC game show called "Food Fighters", with Richman as host, premiered on July 22, 2014.  In June 2014, Richman found himself embroiled in a social media controversy over comments he made about his weight loss, which were accompanied by a hashtag said to be linked to eating disorders. Highlighting the controversial nature of the encounter are allegations that Richman referred to one or more of his followers as "haters" and further advised them to "grab a razor blade & draw a bath". He later apologized, but the Travel Channel postponed Richman's series "Man Finds Food.  In 2015, Richman told "The Independent" that he eats a vegan diet when training for soccer.  Also in 2015, Richman was a judge on the British television series "BBQ Champ", hosted by Myleene Klass and broadcast on ITV.

Personal life.

Richman is a fan of the New York Yankees, English Premier League club Tottenham Hotspur and Miami Dolphins (especially their Hall of Fame quarterback, Dan Marino).  On June 8, 2014, Richman represented the "Rest of the World" team in the annual Soccer Aid match against England at Old Trafford, Manchester in a game that combined former professional players and celebrities. Richman was quoted as saying that he lost for the game, and cried when he was asked to take part.

Adam Richman (born May 16, 1974) is an American actor and television personality. He has hosted various dining and eating-challenge programs on the Travel Channel.


History.

Earlier publications.

The original "An Phoblacht" was founded as the official organ of the Dungannon Clubs in Belfast in 1906 and its first edition was printed on 13 December 1906 under the English-language version of the title "The Republic". In the first edition, Bulmer Hobson, one of the founders of the Dungannon Clubs, set out their aims:  Ireland today claims her place among the free peoples of the Earth. She has never surrendered that claim, nor will ever she surrender it, and today forces are working in Ireland that will not be still until her claim is acknowledged and her voice heard in the councils of the nations. A year later the paper merged with a Dublin publication called "The Peasant". However, the title "An Phoblacht" was again used from 1925 with Patrick Little (P.J Little) as editor and continued until 1937 with a tumultuous history of internal splits and constant state oppression. From 1925 into 1926, Seán Lemass wrote a number of articles advocating engagement in politics prior to the establishment of Fianna Fáil. Peadar O'Donnell took over as editor in April 1926 following a split in the Republican movement (Little became one of the founding members of Fianna Fáil). Frank Ryan also edited the paper for some time; other prominent contributors during this time included Maurice Twomey, Seán MacBride, Frank Gallagher (who became the first editor of The Irish Press), Hanna Sheehy-Skeffington and Fr Michael O'Flanagan.  The title appeared again in 1966 as the paper of a small IRA splinter group based in Cork.

1970-founded publication.

Its modern version was again refounded immediately following the Sinn Féin split by Jimmy Steele in January 1970, "An Phoblacht" supporting the group led by Ruaírí O'Bradaigh that became the Provisional IRA when the split with the Official Irish Republican Army occurred.  In 1970, "An Phoblacht" was at first circulated only in the South with another republican paper also established in Northern Ireland in 1970, "Republican News", under the editorship of veteran republican Jimmy Steele. It supported the campaign of the Provisional Irish Republican Army and published a weekly column titled "War News", which outlined IRA actions and conflict with the British Army, and provided in depth analysis of the policies being formulated by the Republican Movement. "An Phoblacht" began with a circulation of 20,000 per month.  Located at 2a Lower Kevin Street in Dublin's south inner city, it moved to the northside of the capital, to Kevin Barry House, 44 Parnell Square, in August 1972. And in that October it became a fortnightly publication under the editorship of Éamonn MacThomáis, a writer and historian who instituted changes in layout and general improvements so that it became a weekly publication. After 1976, the then Minister for Post and Telecommunications, Conor Cruise O'Brien, a Labour Party minister in the Fine Gael/Labour coalition, strengthened Jack Lynch's original 1971 Section 31 censorship directive banning members of the IRA or its political wing Sinn Féin from the airwaves. However this ban did not extend to the print media. Section 31 produced a climate where many career journalists engaged in self-censorship to avoid official opprobrium.  "An Phoblacht" became more important in disseminating the republican message and highlighting what it saw as the naked state oppression by the Unionist Party and the Royal Ulster Constabulary in Northern Ireland. However, it was the southern Irish government which harassed "An Phoblacht" most stridently, with regular Garda Special Branch investigations into the publication's links (both real and alleged) to the IRA. Mac Thomáis was arrested and charged with IRA membership and sentenced to 15 months' imprisonment having been found guilty of the offence. The paper continued under the stewardship of Dublin journalist Deasún Breathnach until Mac Thomáis resumed duties on his release in July 1974. Within two months, Mac Thomáis was again arrested and sentenced to another 15 months. Another editor, Coleman Moynihan, who had succeeded Seán Ó Brádaigh in 1972, suffered a similar fate. The paper continued on with the succeeding editors being Gerry Danaher (1974–75), Gerry O’Hare (1975–77), and Deasún Breathnach (1977–79).

Amalgamation with "Republican News".

The Republican Movement (Sinn Féin and the IRA) felt that a single paper for the whole of Ireland was required to provide a clear and coherent line from the leadership and to counter what they regarded as any partitionist thinking which might flow from the British division of Ireland. Accordingly, on 27 January 1979, the first 12-page issue of the merged publications, under the banner of "An Phoblacht/Republican News" (AP/RN), appeared under the editorship of Danny Morrison.  In the final editorial of "Republican News" on 20 January 1979, the essential thinking behind the merger was outlined: "To improve on both our reporting and analysis of the war in the North and of popular economic and social struggles in the South... the absolute necessity of one single united paper providing a clear line of republican leadership... [and] the need to overcome any partitionist thinking which results from the British-enforced division of this country and of the Irish people."  On 12 May 1979 "An Phoblacht" published extracts from a secret British Ministry of Defence intelligence document which contained a detailed analysis of the Provisional IRA and the situation in Northern Ireland. The document, written by Brigadier JM Glover, described the IRA as "highly-professional" and capable of sustaining their campaign for at least a further five years, and predicted increasing British military casualties. The publication caused considerable embarrassment to the incoming British Secretary of State for Northern Ireland Humphrey Atkins with Danny Morrison, the paper's editor, forced into hiding for several months. A representative of the Press Association who was passed a copy of the document by AP/RN was also pursued by the British authorities and forced to flee to the United States.  During the 1980s An Phoblacht was to the fore in reporting many issues including allegations of abuse of prisoners in Castlereagh and Gough Barracks, the H-Block and Armagh Prison hunger strikes and also coverage of the ongoing conflict in Northern Ireland. Miniature versions of the paper which were about a third of the size were also printed and smuggled into prisoners in Long Kesh, Portlaoise, Armagh and other prisons. During the 1981 hunger strike sales of the newspaper reached up to 60,000 copies per-week and some issues quadrupled in size resulting in some editions running to 48 pages long. During this period "An Phoblacht" also opened another office based in west Belfast.  In October 1982 Morrison left the newspaper after being elected to the Northern Assembly for the Mid-Ulster constituency. He was succeeded by Mick Timothy who expanded the newspaper from 12 to 16 pages. Timothy died suddenly in January 1985 and was replaced by Rita O'Hare. The headquarters of "An Phoblacht" was subsequently named after Timothy. During this period "An Phoblacht" focused strongly on alleged collusion between the British security forces and loyalist death squads. In response the paper came under attack from deathsquads.  In the 1980s, top Irish Government officials questioned senior ministers as to why the paper had not been banned under the Offences Against the State Act 1939 and suggested that the publication could be classed a "treasonable document or seditious document" and thus make it illegal to send it through the post. The officials also suggested blocking the publication's application for official newspaper status. The Attorney General at the time dismissed the move. State papers also revealed that during a meeting on 10 January 1984, the British Secretary of State for Northern Ireland Jim Prior and Irish Minister for Justice Michael Noonan discussed the possibility of banning the publication but recognised that "if one title was stopped, the same paper could appear under a new title".

Ulster loyalist attacks.

In 1991 a group calling itself the "Loyalist Retaliation and Defence Group" launched a spate of attacks against newsagents who sold "An Phoblacht" and also targeted AP/RN delivery drivers. On 10 August 1991, a 33-year-old shopkeeper (James Carson) was shot dead in his shop on the Falls Road, Belfast. This was followed by the shooting death of a 66-year-old shopkeeper (Lawrence Murchan) on St James's Road on 28 September 1991. Both were targeted for selling "An Phoblacht" in their newsagents. On 12 December 1992 AP/RN worker Malachy Carey was shot dead by loyalist gunmen in Ballymoney. In January 1991 the RUC also raided the offices of "An Phoblacht" in Belfast seizing computer equipment and disks. Letter bombs were also frequently sent to "An Phoblacht" by loyalist paramilitaries in the 1990s. In one incident on 4 January 1994 a bomb disguised as a book was carried outside of the offices by AP/RN book reviewer Aengus Ó Snodaigh where it exploded a short time later, injuring two members of the Irish Defence Forces bomb disposal unit as they attempted to defuse it. In January 2018, loyalist Winston Churchill Rea was charged with encouraging the murder of "persons working in shops selling An Phoblacht in republican and nationalist areas" between November 1977 and October 1994.

Peace Process onwards.

During the early 1990s AP/RN was the publication which was first to report on many of the moves towards the IRA ceasefire as well as the first place where Sinn Féin peace documents such as "Towards a Lasting Peace" were published. The paper also played an important role in winning support for a peace strategy from republican activists. In 1997 the paper became one of the first in Ireland to go online.  The paper was officially relaunched in September 2005 as "An Phoblacht", dropping the "Republican News" title although it is still often referred to as such. In 2010, the paper went from a 16-page weekly paper to a 32-page full colour monthly paper. The current editor is John Hedges. In 2013, Seán Crowe TD told the Dáil that republican prisoner John Anthony Downey, from County Donegal, who had been arrested in connection to the Hyde Park bombing and was being held in Belmarsh Prison, had been refused copies of the paper by prison authorities because of the Irish language content contained within it. He stated that other prisoners who spoke different languages had no difficulty in obtaining other publications.  In November 2017 it was announced that "An Phoblacht" would cease as a monthly print publication and would become an internet based news service with only special editions being made available in paper format. The move coincided with an announcement from Gerry Adams that he would be stepping down as leader of Sinn Féin.

Republican Publications.

An Phoblacht also publishes books, booklets, posters and magazines under the name "Republican Publications". These include:

An Phoblacht ( ; "") was a weekly, and later monthly newspaper published by Sinn Féin in Ireland. From early 2018 "An Phoblacht" will move to a magazine format while remaining an online news platform. Editorially the paper took a left-wing, Irish republican position and was supportive of the Northern Ireland peace process. Along with covering Irish political and trade union issues the newspaper frequently featured interviews with celebrities, musicians, artists, intellectuals and international activists. The paper sold an average of up to 15,000 copies every week. During the 1981 Irish hunger strike its sales soared to over 70,000 per week. It was the first Irish paper to provide an edition online and currently has in excess of 100,000 website hits per week.


31 December Women's Movement.

She was involved with 31 December Women's Movement, a non governmental organization affiliated to the NDC, whose president is Nana Konadu Agyeman Rawlings, wife of Jerry Rawlings, former President of Ghana. She was the Projects and Programmes Officer of the organisation.

GREL trial.

After the NDC lost the Ghanaian presidential election in December 2000, the New Patriotic Party came to power with John Kufuor forming his government. Various NDC activists stood trial for different reasons. Sherry Ayitey was put on trial with Nana Konadu Agyeman Rawlings in relation with the divestiture of the Ghana Rubber Estates Limited. Sherry Ayitey had been a member of the Divestiture Implementation Committee. Sherry Ayitey had decided to challenge the High Courts decision for Her to open Her defence. However, the Court of Appeal turned down Her request and asked that She opened Her defence in the High Court.  Giving evidence at the court under cross-examination, Emmanuel Amuzu Agbodo, former Executive Secretary of the Divestiture Implementation Committee (DIC), and one of the three accused persons said during his tenure of office, Hanny Sherry Ayitey, treasurer of 31 December Women's Movement did not approach him to seek any favours on behalf of SIPH. Whilst standing trial in the Ghana Rubber Estates Limited (GREL) divestiture case with two others, on Wednesday denied ever playing any role in the privatisation of the company. She told the court that as a co-opted member of the Divestiture Implementation Committee (DIC) she did not perform any function in respect of GREL's divestiture. Ayitey made these denials when she continued her evidence-in-chief at the Accra Fast Track Court hearing the case.  Sherry Ayitey told an Accra Fast Track Court that she never participated in any meeting of the Divestiture Implementation Committee (DIC) Board that discussed GREL's privatisation. Giving her evidence-in-chief, Hanny Sherry Ayitey, Treasurer of 31 December Women's Movement (DWM), told the Court that at the 37th Regular Meeting of the DIC, which she attended, members did not discuss anything in respect of GREL's privatisation. Ayitey, who is standing trial on corruption charges in connection with the divestiture process, told the Court that between January 1998 and October 1998, She was invited by the then Executive Secretary of the DIC Board to three of the Board's meetings. She said in spite of those three invitations to the 37th and 38th Regular Meetings and an Emergency Meeting, She could honour only the invitation to the 37th Regular Meeting.  In the course of the trial, Mr Justice J. C. Amonoo-Monney, the trial judge, acquitted and discharged Mrs Ocran for lack of evidence. At the end of the trial on 21 April 2005, the Court ruled that the Prosecution had failed to prove its case beyond all reasonable doubts against Mrs Ayittey and Mr Agbodo, and, therefore, freed them.

Minister of state.

After the 2008 presidential election, President John Atta Mills appointed her as Minister for Environment, Science and Technology in his government. In January 2013, she was appointed Minister for Health by President John Dramani Mahama. On 9 June 2014, Sherry Ayitey was reassigned by President Mahama to the Ministry of Fisheries & Aquaculture.

Sherry Ayitey (born 1948) is a Ghanaian politician. Hon. (Ms) Hanny Sherry Ayittey is the Minister for Fisheries and Aquaculture Development. She was the Minister for Health from February, 2013 – June, 2014. She was the Minister for Environment, Science and Technology from 2009 – 2012.


Life and career.

Dombrovsky was the son of Jewish lawyer Joseph Dombrovsky and Russian mother.  Dombrovsky fell foul of the authorities as early as 1932, for his part in the student suicide case described in "The Faculty of Useless Knowledge". He was exiled to Alma-Ata in Kazakhstan where he established himself as a teacher, and which provided the setting for his novel "The Keeper of Antiquities". This work, translated into English by Michael Glenny, gives several ominous hints as to the development of the Stalinist terror and its impact in remote Alma-Ata.  Dombrovsky had begun publishing literary articles in "Kazakhstanskaya Pravda" by 1937, when he was imprisoned again — this time for a mere seven months, having the luck to be detained during the partial hiatus between the downfall of Yezhov and the appointment of Beria.  Dombrovsky's first novel "Derzhavin" was published in 1938 and he was accepted into the Union of Soviet Writers in 1939, the year in which he was arrested yet again. This time he was sent to the notorious Kolyma camps in northeast Siberia, of which we are given brief but chilling glimpses in "The Faculty of Useless Knowledge".  Dombrovsky, partially paralysed, was released from the camps in 1943 and lived as a teacher in Alma-Ata until 1949. There he wrote "The Monkey Comes for his Skull" and "The Dark Lady". In 1949, he was again arrested, this time in connection with the campaign against foreign influences and cosmopolitanism. This time, he received a ten-year sentence, to be served in the Tayshet and Osetrovo regions in Siberia.  In 1955, he was released and fully rehabilitated the following year. Until his death in 1978, he lived in Moscow with Klara Fazulayevna (a character in "The Faculty of Useless Knowledge"). He was allowed to write, and his works were translated abroad, but none of them were re-issued in the USSR. Nor was he allowed abroad, even to Poland.  "The Faculty of Useless Knowledge" (Harvill), translated by Alan Myers the sombre and chilling sequel to "The Keeper of Antiquities" took eleven years to write, and was published in Paris in 1978.  A widespread opinion is that this publication proved fatal. The KGB did not approve of the work, and it was noted that the book had actually been finished in 1975. Dombrovsky received numerous threats over the phone and through the post; his arm was shattered by a steel pipe in the course of an assault on a bus, and he was finally was brutally beaten by a group of unknown persons in the lobby of the restaurant of the Central House of Writers in Moscow. Two months after the incident, on May 29, 1978 he died in hospital from severe internal bleeding caused by varicose veins of the digestive system.  An account about Dombrovsky written by Armand Maloumian, a fellow inmate of the GULAG, can be found in "Kontinent 4: Contemporary Russian Writers" (Avon Books, ed. George Bailey), entitled "And Even Our Tears."  Jean-Paul Sartre described Yuri Dombrovsky as the last classic.

Yury Osipovich Dombrovsky () (May 12, 1909 - May 29, 1978) was a Russian writer who spent nearly eighteen years in Soviet prison camps and exile.


Background.

The fortified town of Rheinberg which had been in the possession of the Electorate of Cologne had been garrisoned by the Spanish for seven years after the place was finally taken by Peter Ernst I von Mansfeld on 3 February 1590 after a four-year siege. In mid 1597 the government at The Hague with improved funding ordered a new campaign for Maurice of Orange, the commander of the Dutch and English troops, to oust the Spanish in Twente while they had been preoccupied with the Siege of Amiens. Maurice's objective was to march along the Rhine and take the towns of Rheinberg and Meurs along the river, then head directly through the east of the Netherlands, where Grol and Oldenzaal being the strongest cities. The conquest of Rheinberg was important for Gelderland as it would increase the isolation of Spanish bases in the rest of Overijssel.  On the 4th of August Maurice along with his cousin (and brother in law) William Louis arrived at Arnhem with a force of seven thousand infantry and twelve hundred cavalry. This included thirteen ensigns of English troops under Colonel Horace Vere and ten ensigns of Scots under Sir Henry Balfour. Horace's brother Francis Vere was at this time governor of Brill and general of Elizabeth I's forces in the Netherlands and this meant Horace was temporarily in the field.

Siege & Aftermath.

After reducing the town and castle of Alphen, Maurice marched to Rheinberg arriving there on 10 August and immediately attacked. The Spanish garrison of Rheinberg consisted of 850 men under the command of Camilo Sachino who had held many governing positions in the region for many years. The garrison though was not in a fit state to fight having had many desertions through lack of pay and many were unwilling to fight.  The Dutch and English army had access to a large quantity of artillery, which had landed via barges landed from the Rhine. On 11 August 1597 approaches were dug towards the city's walls as the siege commenced. William Louis of Nassau was wounded by a bullet in the thigh and Maurice not long after had a cannonball fly just over his head as it entered his tent while in repose. Once the batteries were placed, the city was intensively shelled which added to the misery of the garrison.  After ten days of shelling the Sachino afraid of a mutiny in the garrison called for negotiations and then surrendered on 20 August; the Archbishop of Rheinberg begged for the place and the populace to be spared from pillaging which Maurice agreed to.  The Spanish garrison who were allowed the honors of war but were not to fight for a long time, then marched out and the Dutch and English marched in. With the capture of Rheinberg Maurice knew that access over Rhine was now an easy task and the East of the Netherlands was now open to him. Maurice's troops were thus able to take the offensive further and capture Meurs, Groenlo, Bredevoort, Enschede, Oldenzaal and closed off the year and the campaign with the capture of Lingen.  The following year a Spanish force under Francisco de Mendoza knowing how important Rheinberg was, retook the place, which the city garnered a new nickname "La puta de la guerra" ("whore of war"), a name that would stick for the next 35 years.  The Spanish occupation under Commander Don Luis Bernardo de Avila would last only till 1601 when Maurice again captured Rheinberg after a siege of more than a month.  Rheinberg was repeatably taken and retaken captured before in 1633 the place finally came back into Dutch hands.

The Siege of Rheinberg took place from the 9 to 19 August 1597 during the Eighty Years' War and the Anglo–Spanish War by a Dutch and English army led by Maurice of Orange. The siege ended with the capitulation and the withdrawal of the Spanish after much unrest in the garrison. The liberation of the city of Rheinberg was the commencement of Maurice's campaign of 1597, a successful offensive against the Spaniards during the period known as the "Ten Glory Years".


Political career.

Ginn went to Washington in 1961 as chief aide to U.S. Rep. G. Elliott Hagan, and then served as the chief aide to U.S. Sen. Herman E. Talmadge. In 1971, Ginn returned to Georgia to resume a career in business and to explore the prospect of running for Congress. He was elected in 1972, and served five consecutive terms representing the First District, encompassing 20 counties in the southeast section of the state, including all of the Georgia coast.  At the time of his retirement from Congress, Ginn had become a senior member of the House Committee on Appropriations, and was chairman of the powerful Military Construction Subcommittee with authority for U.S. military ba se construction world- wide. He had sought the Appropriations Committee assignment after fighting off the near-closure of Fort Stewart and Hunter Army Airfield in the early 1970s, and used his committee position to preside over a massive construction program for the Stewart- Hunter facilities that would later become the home base of the 3rd Infantry Division. Ginn is also credited with facilitating the construction of the Kings Bay Naval Submarine Base in Camden County, and led Congressional efforts to bring the Federal Law Enforcement Training Center (FLETC) to Glynn County, which is now the county's largest employer. In addition, he was a staunch advocate for MARTA in Atlanta, and an ardent supporter of national interests that brought jobs and economic development to Georgia such as Lockheed's C-5 A aircraft program. Ginn also was an early leader in environmental preservation issues in Georgia. He was the prime author of legislation that led to a protected wilderness designation for the Okefenokee National Wildlife Refuge, the Blackbeard Island and Wolf Island National Wildlife Refuges, and large portions of Cumberland Island National Seashore.  He decided to leave Congress in 1982 to run for governor to succeed George Busbee, who was stepping down after eight years in office. The Democratic runoff election was a classic confrontation between Harris, who ran as a conservative promising no tax increases under any circumstances, and Ginn, who wanted to pursue a more progressive agenda for the state's future.  In the 1982 Georgia gubernatorial election, Ginn lost in the primary to Joe Frank Harris. His political career over, he founded the Ginn & Eddington lobbying firm in Washington, D.C. and later moved to Augusta, Georgia to be closer to his children.

Georgia Southern University.

Ginn is one of the most significant and effective Georgia Southern University graduates and contributors in history... His given years of dedicated and loyal support to Georgia Southern since arriving on campus in 1953... Born May 31, 1934 in Calhoun County, Georgia... Earned Bachelor of Science Degree in Business Education from Georgia Teachers College... Named Most Outstanding Business Student and was elected to Who's Who Among American University and College Students... Student Council President during senior year... Administrative Assistant to Congressman G. Elliot Hagan and United States Senator Herman E. Talmadge from 1961 to 1972... Elected to the U.S. House of Representatives from the First Congressional District of Georgia in 1972... Served on the Public Works and Transportation Committee and Merchant Marine and Fisheries Committee before gaining a seat on the influential Appropriations Committee... Also served on the Defensive Appropriations Subcommittee and as Chairman of the Military Construction Appropriations Subcommittee... In addition, spent time on the House Steering and policy Committee, the House Personnel Committee, the Congressional Campaign Committee and the Board of the visitors at West Point... Elected to five terms in the House before seeking governorship of Georgia... Served as Chairman of the Board of Ginn, Edingtion, Moore and Wade, a Washington-based governmental relations firm... Chairman of the Board of Deacons of the Millen Baptist Church... Member Board of Directors of the Warm Springs Roosevelt Institute... Taught Business and History at Coffee County High School for two years following graduation from Georgia Teachers' College... Assistant Manager for Public Relation for Planters Electric Corporation in 1957... Board member of the Georgia Southern Foundation, National Business Education Association, Korean War Veterans National Monument and Sunbelt Institute.  Ginn was a firm supporter of increased educational funding and Georgia Southern University. Ginn helped secure the title of "University" for the college and raised millions of dollars in donations to build the college's first football stadium while Erk Russell was head coach of the GSU Eagles national championship team. Ginn also taught as an adjunct professor for the University in political science.

Magnolia Springs State Park.

In 1988, the Millen National Fish Hatchery at Magnolia Springs State Park was named in honor of Ginn. The state park was a project of the Civilian Conservation Corps opened in 1939 in Jenkins County, midway between Augusta and Savannah and had been the location of Camp Lawton, a prisoner of war center during the Civil War. The Fish and Wildlife Service opened the hatchery in 1950 and operated it until 1996 when it was unable to continue funding the center and transferred control to the Georgia Department of Natural Resources. The state of Georgia operated the hatchery and adjacent aquarium until 2009 when the Jenkins County Development Authority assumed operation of the hatchery for one year, but was unable to fund the aquarium.  Ginn's wife Gloria died in 1998; Ginn was diagnosed with lung cancer in 2003 and succumbed to the disease on January 6, 2005. He was survived by three children, and seven grandchildren.

Ronald Bryan Ginn, known as 'Bo' Ginn (May 31, 1934 – January 6, 2005), represented Georgia's 1st congressional district in the United States House of Representatives.


Early life and surrealism.

Gascoyne was born in Harrow the eldest of the three sons of Leslie Noel Gascoyne (1886–1969), a bank clerk, and his wife, Winifred Isobel, née Emery (1890–1972). His mother, a niece of the actors Cyril Maude and Winifred Emery, was one of two young women present when dramatist W. S. Gilbert died in his lake at Grim's Dyke in May 1911. Gascoyne grew up in England and Scotland and attended Salisbury Cathedral School and Regent Street Polytechnic in London. He spent part of the early 1930s in Paris.  His first book, "Roman Balcony and Other Poems", was published in 1932, when he was sixteen. A novel, "Opening Day", was published the following year. However, it was "Man's Life is This Meat" (1936), which collected his early surrealist work and translations of French surrealists, and "Hölderlin's Madness" (1938) that established his reputation. These publications, together with his 1935 "A Short Survey of Surrealism" and his work on the 1936 London International Surrealist Exhibition, which he helped to organise, made him one of a small group of English surrealists that included Hugh Sykes Davies and Roger Roughton. At this exhibition Gascoyne had to rescue Salvador Dalí from the deep-sea diving suit—that Dalí had worn to give his lecture—using a spanner.

Political outlook.

Gascoyne was an active anti-fascist, taking part in several protests against the British Union of Fascists in London's East End. Gascoyne joined the Communist Party of Great Britain in 1936 and travelled to Spain, where he broadcast some radio talks for the Barcelona-based propaganda ministry. However, he soon became disillusioned with the treatment of the POUM and the Spanish Anarchists by the Communists, and left the party. Gascoyne had become friends with Charles Madge and through him became involved in the Mass Observation movement.  The diaries Gascoyne kept for six years from 1936 put forward a kind of existentialist auto-criticism, recording with great honesty his acute emotional and spiritual crises, his struggle to accept his sexual identity as a homosexual, and his affairs. Apart from his involvement with communism and Mass-Observation, he had friendships with Dylan Thomas, Kathleen Raine, Lawrence Durrell, Henry Miller and others. Also apparent is a strong engagement with existentialist philosophy.  Later, interviewed for the book "Authors Take Sides on the Falklands", Gascoyne expressed strong opposition to the Falklands War.

Later life and works.

Gascoyne spent the years just before World War II in Paris, where he became friendly with Salvador Dalí, Max Ernst, André Breton, Paul Éluard and Pierre Jean Jouve. His poetry of this period was published in "Poems 1937–1942" (1943) with illustrations by the artist Graham Sutherland.  His poem "Requiem", dedicated to the future victims of war, was written to be set to music by his friend Priaulx Rainier. Her "Requiem" was premiered in 1956. She died on Gascoyne's 70th birthday, 10 October 1986.  Gascoygne returned to France after the war and lived there on and off until the mid-1960s. His work from the 1950s appeared in "A Vagrant and Other Poems" (1950), and "Night Thoughts" (1956). This later work had moved away from surrealism towards a more metaphysical and religious poetry.  After suffering a mental breakdown, Gascoyne returned to England and spent the rest of his life on the Isle of Wight. He appears to have written little from that point on. Publication continued due to various "rediscoveries" of his works, with a number of collections and selections of his work from Oxford University Press, Enitharmon and other imprints. Two books of his journals were returned to him after being lost for some time and were published in two separate volumes by Alan Clodd at Enitharmon Press. When a third book was found, a collection including the additional material was edited by Lucien Jenkins for Skoob Books Publishing. For this Gascoyne himself provided what he called a "postface", one of the most extended pieces of writing from his later years.  It was in Whitecroft Hospital on the Isle of Wight that Gascoyne met his wife, Judy Lewis, in a remarkable coincidence. Judy explains: They married in 1975. David Gascoyne died on 25 November 2001 at the age of 85.

Reputation.

In a poetic landscape dominated by W. H. Auden and other more political and social poets, the surrealist group tended to be overlooked by critics and public alike. He, among others, was lampooned by Dylan Thomas in "Letter to my Aunt." Although "Poems 1937–1942" (illustrated by Graham Sutherland and edited by Tambimuttu) received critical acclaim at the time, it was only with the renewed interest in experimental writing associated with the British Poetry Revival that their work began to be rediscovered and discussed. His "Collected Poems" appeared in 1988 and his work was included in the Revival anthology "Conductors of Chaos" (1996).  In later years, Gascoyne himself seemed remarkably resigned to the fact that he had not altogether achieved in poetry what he had set out to achieve when young, and had not sustained his remarkable early promise. He was nevertheless pleased whenever he received critical notice. When in his later years his attention was drawn to a balanced assessment of his work by Martin Seymour-Smith in that poet and critic's immense "Guide to Modern World Literature" (Macmillan), he was gratified both by the tone of the commentary and by the assertion that he was still widely read.

David Gascoyne (10 October 1916 – 25 November 2001) was an English poet associated with the Surrealist movement. He also translated work by French surrealist poets.


Family and education.

Wolfson's great-grandfather, Solomon Wolfson, was a Polish cabinet-maker who settled in Glasgow and had nine children, one of whom was Sir Isaac Wolfson, Simon's great uncle, who made his fortune through Great Universal Stores. Wolfson's father, David Wolfson, was chairman of Next and a Conservative life peer.  Wolfson is the eldest of three siblings. He attended Radley College, near Abingdon, followed by studying law at Trinity College, Cambridge.

Business career.

Wolfson joined Next as its most highly paid sales consultant ever, in its Kensington branch in 1991 for several weeks, the year his father was granted his peerage. The following year, he was taken on as assistant to Next's chief executive, David Jones. Wolfson was elevated within the company rapidly, being appointed to the board of directors in 1997, culminating in his appointment as chief executive in August 2001 but leading at least one city analyst to make allegations of nepotism. At the age of 33, this made him the youngest chief executive of a FTSE 100 company. He was one of the first businesspeople to predict the 2008–9 economic crisis.

Relationship with staff.

In 2013, he waived his £2.4 million bonus and gave it to the staff of Next who had been with the company since 2010. Wolfson earned £4.6m in 2013 at a time when the average pay of Next employees was £10,000. This led the GMB trade union supported by Paul Heaton to tour Next shops presenting anti-social behaviour awards to managers for their failure to provide a living wage. In 2014, for a second successive year, Wolfson waived his bonus and distributed it among staff, sharing some £3.8m. In May "Retail Week" reported that Next staff would be up to £1000 a year worse off after the company decided not to pay a premium for staff working on a Sunday. Those refusing a change of employment terms were allegedly told they risked being made redundant. The GMB union accused Wolfson of having a "total disregard for family life." In April 2017, the salaries of some of Next's most senior staff were cut following a 3.8% fall in profits though Wolfson's salary was raised by 1%.

Approach.

Wolfson is focused on numbers, logic and reason. He is wary of stories that are “anecdotally true but empirically false”.

Political views.

Wolfson is a prominent supporter of the Conservative Party, having donated to David Cameron's campaign in the 2005 leadership election and co-chaired the party's Economic Competitiveness policy review. He was named by "The Daily Telegraph" as the 37th-most important British conservative in 2007. He was one of 35 signatories to an open letter calling on the Chancellor of the Exchequer, George Osborne, to press ahead with the coalition government's plans to reduce the public finance deficit in one term in the face of opposition.  On 18 June 2010, Wolfson was created Baron Wolfson of Aspley Guise, "of Aspley Guise in the County of Bedfordshire", and was introduced in the House of Lords on 6 July 2010. As of March 2019; he has not attended the house since October 2018; has a less than average attendance record for the House, and has spoken in the House on only 3 occasions since his entering the House in 2010, well below average for the House.  He voted loyally to the Conservatives in favour of working tax credit cuts in October 2015.

Views on Brexit.

Wolfson has been described as the businessman most in favour of Brexit, calling for radical change to prevent a long period of low growth. Talking to "The Times", he predicted a very difficult 2016 for Next though he blamed a change in customer spending habits rather than uncertainty surrounding Brexit. Following the success of the Leave campaign, whilst most businessmen urged the Government not to rush proceedings, Wolfson said Britain's success now depended on the tone of trade negotiations, including with China, India and other global economies. However, in January 2017 Wolfson, who had warned the UK economy would collapse if the government failed to get trade agreements in place said the Government should declare its negotiating objectives and not rush things. Wolfson also blamed a "far worse than expected" slump in Next's share price and the issuing of a profit warning, on customers preferring non-clothing Christmas presents. The company, whose share price halved in 2016, warned that the Brexit devaluation would add 5% to prices and lead to further reduction in business.

Open Europe.

In December 2016, Wolfson was appointed to the Chair of the Open Europe think-tank.

The Wolfson Economics Prize.

Wolfson is the founder of the £250,000 Wolfson Economics Prize.

Personal life.

Wolfson married Eleanor Shawcross in London in 2012. She is 14 years younger than he, and her career included working for 8 years as George Osborne's economic adviser. They had a son in 2013/14.  He owns houses in London and Aspley Guise.

Simon Adam Wolfson, Baron Wolfson of Aspley Guise (born 27 October 1967) is a British businessman and currently chief executive of the clothing retailer Next plc and a Conservative life peer. He is the son of former Next chairman David Wolfson, Baron Wolfson of Sunningdale, also a Conservative life peer. His full title, as recorded in the House of Lords (which reserves the prefix "Right Honourable" for members of the Privy Council) is "The Lord Wolfson of Aspley Guise".


Overview.

The novels chronicle the adventures of a Dwarven Slayer named Gotrek Gurnisson and his poet/insurrectionist companion, Felix Jaeger. As a Slayer, Gotrek seeks a glorious death in battle to atone for his unknown sins. Felix, bound to him by a Dwarven blood-oath sworn after a drinking binge, is tasked with writing and recording his heroic exploits and ultimately his death. Felix, however, has long since come to adopt the opinion that "anything capable of killing the Slayer would finish me off shortly afterwards". Together they have travelled the length and breadth of the Old World and beyond, fighting against all manners of evil from orcs to undead to the forces of Chaos so that Gotrek might finally fulfill his Slayer Oath by dying in battle.  As well as appearing in the novels they have also been incorporated into the Warhammer Fantasy Battle game appearing initially as special characters in the 4th edition Dwarf army book and then gaining rules as a regiment of renown in the 6th edition of the game. The characters also make an appearance in the Warhammer Fantasy MMORPG.

Books.

Audio dramas.

Gotrek and Felix make (small) appearances in many Warhammer Army books during the fourth edition of the game as well as an old version of the magic rulebook for Warhammer Fantasy Battles:

Other.

Several characters introduced in the Gotrek and Felix series are featured in their own novels:

See also.

Black Library

Gotrek and Felix is a series of novels in the "Warhammer Fantasy" setting by William King, Nathan Long, Josh Reynolds, and David Guymer.


History.

"Taormina" was built in 1908 by D. & W. Henderson Ltd. of Glasgow for the Italia Soc. di Navigazione a Vapore, known as the Italia Line. "Taormina" sailed on her maiden voyage from Genoa to New York and Philadelphia beginning on 3 September 1908. In 1909, accommodations for 120 first-class passengers were added, and in 1910, her accommodations were again reconfigured so as to carry 60 first-class and 120 second-class passengers.  After beginning her last Italia Line voyage on 16 December 1911, "Taormina" was taken over by Lloyd Italiano in 1912 and put in Genoa–New York service. When Lloyd Italiano, first purchased by Navigazione Generale Italiana (NGI) in 1911, was completely absorbed in 1918, "Taormina" began sailing under the NGI banner.  In July 1918, "Taormina" was chartered for one voyage as a United States troopship. On 26 July, "Taormina", loaded with 2,680 officers and men, departed for France in the company of U.S. Navy transports and. The group met up with Navy transports and, and the Italian steamers and from Newport News, Virginia. American cruisers and, and destroyers and escorted the transports. On 2 August, "Finland" developed engine trouble and fell back from the convoy, but by the next day, she and a destroyer that stayed with her had rejoined the convoy. The convoy arrived in Brest on 7 August. "Taormina" arrived back in the United States on 20 August, ending her one U.S. troopship voyage.  In 1919, "Taormina" was put on the Genoa–Marseille–New York route, making her last voyage on 8 August 1923. In 1927, she returned to the same route for one roundtrip voyage. She was scrapped at Savona in 1929.

SS "Taormina" was an Italian ocean liner for the Italia Line, Lloyd Italiano, and Navigazione Generale Italiana. The ship was named after Taormina, Sicily. Launched in 1908, she sailed from Genoa to New York and Philadelphia for most of her career. During World War I she was employed as a troopship carrying United States troops to France for one voyage in July 1918. She was scrapped in 1929.


History.

The station was opened together with the Berlin–Velten section of the "Kremmener Bahn" on 1 October 1893. The line was served by frequent commuter trains in particular after 1900, and in 1927 the line between Berlin and Velten was electrified with direct current supplied by a third-rail and became part of the Berlin S-Bahn system. From 1931 until 1945 Hennigsdorf station was also the northern terminus of the branch line from Spandau West which was operated by the Berlin tramways and figured as tramway route 120.  As a consequence of World War II and the German partition, the station was close to the border with West Berlin. The S-Bahn traffic over the border was initially unhindered, but since 1954 a checkpoint station was established between Hennigsdorf station and the border in "Hennigsdorf Süd". It was later called "Stolpe Süd", and from 1958 it also served the public traffic. To avoid passing West Berlin, the Berlin outer ring was built, which crossed the Kremmener Bahn north of Hennigsdorf since 1953. At the intersection of the two routes an interchange station "Hennigsdorf Nord" was constructed, facilitating quick and easy transfer of passengers between trains due to its conception on two levels ("Turmbahnhof"). In addition, two connecting curves were built between Hennigsdorf and the outer ring. As early as 1951, the station was equipped with an all-relay signal box with display interlocking. Together with the stations in Wildau and Königs Wusterhausen it was one of the first three Reichsbahn stations receiving such equipment.  When the border to West Berlin was closed off on 13 August 1961, the rail traffic to Berlin was interrupted, and Hennigsdorf station became a terminus on the territory of the GDR. DC S-Bahn trains between Hennigsdorf and Velten continued to run until 1983, then they were replaced by diesel trains. In 1984, the station, the line to Velten, and the connecting curves to the outer ring were electrified with AC supplied by overhead lines.  The S-Bahn station was reopened on 15 December 1998 when the section between Tegel and Hennigsdorf was taken into service again, initially only with a single track.  The states of Berlin and Brandenburg investigate the feasibility of extending the "Regional-Express" route from Wittenberge and Wittstock along the Kremmener Bahn to Berlin-Gesundbrunnen station. This would give Hennigsdorf station regional train services towards the south. Between Hennigsdorf and Tegel, the tracks could be shared by S-Bahn and regional trains.

Train services.

The S-Bahn traffic to Berlin was interrupted in 1961 when construction of the Berlin Wall began. Until 1983, S-Bahn trains still operated between Hennigsdorf and Velten, running about twice an hour, albeit without a fixed timetable. In addition, there were some trains to places on the western outer ring and to Oranienburg, especially in rush hour traffic. After 1983, the traffic to Velten was switched to locomotive-hauled trains. The section of Kremmener Bahn between Hennigsdorf and Velten was electrified in 1984 with alternating current. Most of the trains on the outer ring of Berlin did not use Hennigsdorf station, but Hennigsdorf Nord station, which was located outside the city, and trains to and from Velten served as a feeder from and to Hennigsdorf station. Since 1995, Hennigsdorf Nord is no longer served, since most commuter trains leave from the outer ring directly to Hennigsdorf station.  For some time in the years 1994/95, Hennigsdorf station was a terminus of the so-called Duo S-Bahn (line S 19) on the 17-kilometer line to Oranienburg. Between Oranienburg and Birkenwerder these trains ran on DC using the S-Bahn tracks, between Birkenwerder and Hennigsdorf they ran on Diesel power on the Berlin outer ring tracks via Hohen Neuendorf West.  Since 1998, the station is again connected to the Berlin S-Bahn, trains running every 20 minutes and the journey taking 26 minutes to Gesundbrunnen 26 and 34 minutes to Friedrichstraße.  The station is served by the following service(s):

Hennigsdorf is a railway station in the Oberhavel district of Brandenburg, located in the town of Hennigsdorf. It is the northern terminus of the S-Bahn line as well as a station for regional passenger trains and freight services.


Orbit and classification.

"Pasteur" is a non-family asteroid from the main belt's background population. It orbits the Sun in the intermediate asteroid belt at a distance of 2.4–3.0 AU once every 4 years and 5 months (1,612 days; semi-major axis of 2.69 AU). Its orbit has an eccentricity of 0.12 and an inclination of 9° with respect to the ecliptic.  The body's observation arc begins with a precovery taken at Palomar Observatory in March 1956, more than 33 years prior to its official discovery observation.

Physical characteristics.

In the SMASS classification, "Pasteur" is a C-type asteroid. Pan-STARRS photometric survey and SDSS–MFB (Masi–Foglia–Bus) have also characterized the body as a carbonaceous C-type.

Rotation period.

In November 2011, a rotational lightcurve of "Pasteur" was obtained from photometric observations by astronomers at the Oakley Southern Sky Observatory in Australia. Lightcurve analysis gave a well-defined rotation period of 13.69 hours with a brightness amplitude of 0.28 magnitude ().

Diameter and albedo.

According to the surveys carried out by the Japanese Akari satellite and the NEOWISE mission of NASA's Wide-field Infrared Survey Explorer, "Pasteur" measures between 15.427 and 21.38 kilometers in diameter and its surface has an albedo between 0.05 and 0.1290.  The "Collaborative Asteroid Lightcurve Link" assumes an albedo of 0.10 and calculates a diameter of 15.98 kilometers based on an absolute magnitude of 12.1.

Naming.

This minor planet was named after French chemist and microbiologist Louis Pasteur (1822–1895), who discovered the principles of vaccination, fermentation and pasteurization. In 1888 the renowned Pasteur Institute was established in Paris. The official naming citation was published by the Minor Planet Center on 21 November 1991 (). The lunar crater "Pasteur", as well as the Martian crater "Pasteur" have also been named after him.

4804 Pasteur, provisional designation, is a carbonaceous background asteroid from the central regions of the asteroid belt, approximately 20 kilometers in diameter. It was discovered on 2 December 1989, by Belgian astronomer Eric Elst at the ESO's La Silla Observatory in Chile. The asteroid was named after French chemist and microbiologist Louis Pasteur.


Design and development.

955 cc (T695).

The Sprint ST was first introduced in 1999 as a complete redesign of the earlier Sprint 900 (1993–1998) styled by Rod Scivyer. It used the 955 cc straight-three engine similar to those found in the contemporaneous Speed Triple and Daytona models, only slightly detuned for smoother power delivery. Claimed power was, later increased to.  The model's appearance remained mostly unchanged from its introduction in 1999. An engine revamp with the assistance of Lotus in 2002 increased output to at 9100rpm and of torque at 5100rpm from a lighter engine—the bike is dry.

1,050 cc.

In 2005, Triumph introduced a redesigned Sprint ST based around the same inline triple, increased in stroke to yield a displacement of and with a new fuel injection system. Power output increased to (123 hp / 90 Kw @ 9250 rpm), with torque of (104 Nm / 77 ft-lb @ 5000 rpm). The 1050 ST redesigned chassis had a shorter wheelbase, the instrument cluster was modernised with miles-per-gallon and miles-to-empty displays, triple exhaust pipes were tucked under the seat, the headlights were completely redesigned and LED tail-lights added. Also, a range of options including pannier mounts and anti-lock brakes (ABS 2006 onwards) became available.  In 2007 some changes were made to the standard trim of the Sprint ST, including colour-matched panniers, handlebar risers and an improved windscreen. In 2008 the original composite fuel tank was replaced by a steel item of the same size and shape to enable the use of magnetic tank bags. Other 2008 changes included a new headlamp design and new footrests with more durable rubber. The Sprint ST continued in production until 2010, when it was replaced by the Sprint GT.

Triumph Sprint GT.

In 2010, the Triumph Sprint GT (Grand Tourer) was launched with a change of emphasis. Compared to the class-leading ST (Sports Tourer), the GT was more focused on two-up touring, with a longer wheelbase, more weight and a better pillion provision.  The engine was a revised version of the 1050 triple with more power (128 hp / 96 kW @ 9200 rpm) and torque (108 Nm / 80 ft-lb @ 6300 rpm) though the peak torque was produced at significantly higher revs than before. The power changes were as a result of use of an uprated ECU, the elimination of the 1050 ST's signature triple under seat exhaust in favour of a side-mounted 3-into-1 exhaust, and a revised throttle body intake. The highest gear was made seven percent taller than the ST to allowing for more relaxed highway cruising, giving an engine speed at a steady 110 km/h (68 MPH) of just over 4,000 rpm. The GT chassis was nearly 6 inches longer than the ST, with an overall length of 2260mm (89.0 inches) compared to the ST with 2114mm (83.2 inches); and the GT's wheelbase is 1537mm (60.5 inches) compared to the ST's 1457mm (57.4 inches).  The GT's front and rear suspension were Showa units. The front forks had stiffer springs to cope with the extra weight, while the rear suspension featured spring preload and rebound damping adjustability. These modifications added to the weight of the bike, which now had a hefty kerb weight of. The GT retained the 2008 ST headlamp design, and had the anti-lock brakes (ABS) that had been optional on the ST 1050. The longer chassis allowed pillion footpegs to be repositioned to be more accommodating for a passenger. Removing the ST's under-seat silencers to a conventional position allowed the reshaped pillion seat to be lower. Uprated hard panniers were a standard fitting, with a 55 litre top box available as a factory option. These panniers were more robust and much larger than the ST's: (31 litres each vs. 22 litres).  The GT has changed little since its introduction in 2010, although a new SE Special Edition included as standard previously optional accessories such as a gel "Comfort Seat". After 2014 the GT was no longer available outside the UK, but as of 2017, the Triumph Sprint GT SE is still in production for the home Market.

Reception.

Motor Cycle News called the pre-2005 Sprint a "superb British all rounder which pipped Honda’s VFR800 simply by using a straight bat when the VFR tried all kinds of trick but ultimately unnecessary technology". Of the 2005 model, MCN wrote, "the Triumph Sprint ST is the best sports-touring motorcycle of its generation by some margin. It’s smooth, long-legged, comfortable and handsome, with effortless power to shrink distances with delightful ease."

The Triumph Sprint ST is a sport touring motorcycle manufactured in the United Kingdom by Triumph between 1999 and 2010. Sporting a 1050cc 4-stroke three-cylinder engine, an alloy-beam frame and a single-sided swingarm, the Sprint ST competed effectively in the market against the Honda VFR800. In 2010 the Sprint ST was succeeded by the Triumph Sprint GT.


Biography.

Hauge was born and grew up on the island of Kyrkjøy in Sjernarøy, part of Finnøy municipality in Rogaland County, Norway. He was the son of Kolbein Andersson Hauge (1889–1972) and Marianne Rasmusdotter Auglænd (1893–1967). His brother Kolbjørn Hauge (1926-2007) was a schoolteacher and author. He completed primary school at Bryne in Time and graduated artium at Voss in Hordaland during 1935. He obtained his teaching degree at Oslo in 1939. He worked as a teacher at Karmøy in Rogaland and at Stavern in Vestfold until 1945. From 1952-53, he was the Rector of the Ryfylke Folkehøgskule at Sand in Hedmark. From 1953-83, he was a journalist at "Stavanger Aftenblad".  Hauge debuted with the historical novel "Septemberfrost" in 1941. Hauge is best known for describing the life and adventures of Cleng Peerson, a pioneer Norwegian immigrant to the United States in the 1820s. His trilogy included: "Hundevakt" (1961; "Midwatch”), "Landkjenning" (1964; "Land Sighting"), and "Ankerfeste" (1965; “Anchoring”). This collected work was published as "Cleng Peerson" in Norway during 1968. An English-language version was translated by Eric J. Friis and published under the same title during 1975. This publication was released as one of the official publications of the Norwegian Immigration Sesquicentennial in 1975. Hauge received numerous literary awards during his career. In 1955, Hauge won the Gyldendal's Endowment, a literature prize which was awarded by the Norwegian publisher Gyldendal Norsk Forlag. In recognition of his work he was also awarded the Norwegian Critics Prize for Literature in 1965. Hauge was made a Knight 1st Class the Order of St. Olav in 1976. He received an honorary doctorate at Luther College at Decorah, Iowa in 1982.  A memorial to Hauge has been erected on the island of Kyrkjøy at Sjernarøy Church ("Sjernarøy kirke"). The memorial is a bust made by artist Svein Magnus Håvarstein (1942–2013). Sjernarøy Church is an historic wooden church which dates to 1636.  Composer Hallvard Johnsen (1916-2003) wrote an opera based upon Alfred Hauge's "Legenden om Svein og Maria". The opera was first performed on 3 September 1973 by the Norwegian National Opera and Ballet ("Den Norske Opera & Ballet") in Oslo.

Alfred Hauge (17 October 1915 – 31 October 1986) was a Norwegian educator, journalist, novelist, poet and historian. He wrote extensively about life on the Ryfylke islands and about Norwegian-American emigration.


Career.

She was Director General of IUCN, the International Union for Conservation of Nature, from 2007 to mid January 2015. Prior to this, Marton-Lefèvre was Rector of the University for Peace (UPEACE), a graduate-level international university, mandated by the United Nations, providing education, training and research on issues related to peace and conflict. Earlier offices held by Marton-Lefèvre include Executive Director of LEAD (Leadership for Environment and Development) International, a programme established by The Rockefeller Foundation to bring together and train mid-career leaders from all parts of the world in improving their leadership skills around the issues of sustainable development, and Executive Director of the International Council for Science (then known as ICSU). She begain her international career in a programme on environmental education at UNESCO.

Institutional affiliations.

At present, Marton-Lefèvre is focusing on using her broad experience to advise organizations to help them achieve their goals. She chairs several international groups: the Executive Committee of the Tyler Prize for Environmental Achievement, the Donor Council of the Critical Ecosystems Partnership Fund, the Board of Trustees of the recently merged CGIAR Centers: the Alliance of Bioversity International and CIAT (the International Center for Tropical Agriculture) and the Strategy Advisory Council to the Institute for Sustainable Development and International Relations (IDDRI). In 2019 she was elected to be a member of the Bureau of the Intergovernmental Science-Policy Platform on Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services (IPBES).  Her links with academic institutions are with Yale University, where she spent 2016 as the Edward P. Bass Distinguished Visiting Environmental Scholar. She continues her links with Yale at the School of the Environment by teaching and mentoring students as a Fellow of Davenport College, and as a board member of the Environmental Leadership and Training Initiative. She also serves on the Advisory Boards of Oxford University's James Martin School, the Julie Ann Wrigley Global Institute of Sustainability (Arizona State University) and the International Risk Governance Center based at the Federal Polytechnic Institute in Lausanne (EPFL). She recently completed a 10-year term as a founding member of the board of the Geneva-based Graduate Institute of International and Development Studies, and remains a member of the advisory board of the Institute's Center for Environmental Studies.  Marton-Lefèvre's other board memberships include the Prince Albert II of Monaco Foundation, the Wildlife Conservation Society (WCS), the Global Footprint Network, the Turkana Basin Institute, the Oceanographic Institute- Prince Albert 1st of Monaco Foundation, and the advisory board of TEEB (The Economics of Ecosystems and Biodiversity). In the corporate world she is a member of the Critical Friends advisory group to the CEO of Veolia Environment S.A, as well as the Sustainable Development Council of EDF (Électricité de France S.A.).  Previous Board memberships include the,China Council for International Cooperation on Environment and Development (CCICED), an advisory body to the Chinese Government, the Bibliotheca Alexandria, the International Institute for Environment and Development (IEED), Earth Charter International, the World Resources Institute (WRI), the International Research Institute for Climate and Society (IRI), the Lemelson Foundation, ICSU's Committee on Science and Technology in Developing Countries (COSTED) and the InterAcademy Council's Panel on Promoting Worldwide Science and Technology Capacities for the 21st Century. She was also a member of the juries of the Saint Andrew's, Volvo and Alcan Prizes and member of the global jury of the Holcim Awards. She has participated in corporate environmental advisory boards to the Dow Chemical Company, to the Coca-Cola Company and as the Chair of the Independent Advisory Board to the Sustainable Biomass Program, advising seven large energy companies.

Awards.

Marton-Lefèvre is the recipient of the AAAS Award for International Cooperation in Science; and has been honoured as a Chevalier de la Légion d’Honneur” by the government of France, and as a Chevalier dans l'Ordre de Saint-Charles by Prince Albert of Monaco. She also received the ProNatura Award from the government of Hungary and the Presidential citation from the Republic of Korea. In 2019, Marton-Lefèvre was recognized with a Lifetime Achievement Award of the National Council for Science and the Environment, and as an Officer de l'Ordre National de Mérite by the President of France.  She is an elected Member of the World Academy of Art and Science, the World Future Council and the Royal Geographical Society.

Julia Marton-Lefèvre (1946, Budapest) is a French - US environmentalist and academic. She studied history, ecology and environmental planning in the US and in France,and was born in Hungary.


Biography.

Early life.

Webb was born in Denver, Colorado, and graduated from Stanford University in 1930. During the 1930s, he worked both as a screenwriter and a fiction writer for a number of national magazines, including "Collier's Weekly", "Cosmopolitan" and the "Saturday Evening Post".

Early Screenplays.

Webb's early screenplays were written for Republic Pictures. He did a series of films starring Roy Rogers and directed by Joseph Kane: "Nevada City" (1941), "Bad Man of Deadwood" (1941), "Jesse James at Bay" (1941) and "South of Santa Fe" (1942) with Roy Rogers. He also did "Rags to Riches" (1941) directed by Kane.

World War Two.

Webb was commissioned an army officer in June 1942 and became a personal aide to General Lloyd R. Fredendall who was commander of the II Corps (United States). Webb accompanied Fredendall to England in October 1942 and participated in the invasion of North Africa in November 1942 when the Second Corps captured the city of Oran. The Second Corps then attacked eastward into Tunisia. In February 1943 the German army launched a counterattack at Kasserine Pass which repulsed the Second Corps and nearly broke through the Allied lines. The Supreme Commander Dwight D. Eisenhower relieved Fredendall of command in March 1943 and sent him back to the United States where he became deputy commander of the Second United States Army at Memphis, Tennessee.  Webb returned to the United States with Fredendall and later served in the European Theater.

Post War Career.

Webb left the Army after the war and returned to Hollywood, California, where he continued his work as a screenwriter. He returned to Republic for "California Firebrand" (1948).  In 1948 he sold a story to Universal, "Going, Going, Gone" and was going to write the script but no film resulted. A story of his"Fugitive from Love", was filmed as "Woman in Hiding" (1950).

Warner Bros.

Webb signed a contract for Warner Bros for whom he wrote the Westerns "Montana" (1950) with Errol Flynn, "Raton Pass" (1951), and "The Big Trees" (1952) with Kirk Douglas.  He also wrote "Close to My Heart" (1951) based on his own novel, "Operation Secret" (1952), "The Iron Mistress" (1952) for Alan Ladd, "The Charge at Feather River" (1953) a 3-D film, and "Phantom of the Rue Morgue" (1954).  Webb had a big hit with two films for Burt Lancaster and Robert Aldrich: "Apache" (1954) and "Vera Cruz" (1954). He wrote episodes of "The Millionaire" and "Cheyenne" and "Illegal" (1955) with Edgar G. Robinson.

Post Warner Bros.

Lancaster hired Webb to do "Trapeze" (1956). He also wrote "The Big Country" (1958) and "Pork Chop Hill" (1959).  Webb received acclaim for his script for "Cape Fear" (1962) and especially "How the West Was Won" (1962). Webb won an Oscar for the latter.

Mirisch Brothers.

Less well received were "Kings of the Sun" (1963) for the Mirisch Brothers and "Cheyenne Autumn" (1964) for John Ford. He wrote an early draft of "Chinese Finale" that became "7 Women", Ford's last film, but Webb is not credited in the final movie.  Webb wrote the English language version of "Guns for San Sebastian" (1968) and did a script for "Patton".  He did some historical epics: "Alfred the Great" (1969), for MGM; "Sinful Davey" (1969) for John Huston and the Mirisches; and "The Hawaiians" (1970), for the Mirsches.  His last credits were sequels to "In the Heat of the Night", both for the Mirsches: "They Call Me Mister Tibbs!" (1970) and "The Organization" (1971).  In March 1974 the American Writers Guild awarded him the Morgan Award for services to the guild.  He died on September 27, 1974, and was buried in Los Angeles National Cemetery. He was survived by a wife, a son and a daughter.

James R. Webb (October 4, 1909 – September 27, 1974) was an American writer. He won an Oscar in 1963 for "How the West Was Won".


Plot.

In 1784, shortly after the United States wins its independence, American Peter Standish (Leslie Howard) sails from New York to England to marry his cousin. Upon hearing of a Frenchman crossing the English Channel in a balloon, Peter regrets that he will not be able to see the marvels the future has in store.  In 1933, his descendant, also named Peter Standish (Leslie Howard again), unexpectedly inherits a house in Berkeley Square, London. He becomes increasingly obsessed with his ancestor's diary, causing his fiancée Marjorie Frant (Betty Lawford) great concern. When they have tea with the American ambassador (Samuel S. Hinds), Peter confides to the diplomat with eager anticipation his conviction that he will be transported back 149 years at 5:30 that day. Peter is convinced that all he needs to do is follow his ancestor's diary, since he already knows what happens, from reading it.  He rushes home, and just as he opens the door, he is indeed back in 1784, taking the place of the earlier Peter Standish just as he arrives at the house, then owned by his relations, the Pettigrews. Lady Ann (Irene Browne), and her grown offspring, Tom (Colin Keith-Johnston), Kate (Valerie Taylor) and Helen (Heather Angel) are there to greet him. The Pettigrews, being in desperate financial straits, are anxious for Kate to marry the wealthy American. Peter is determined not to alter the future he has read about, until he sees Helen for the first time. He tries to fight his attraction to her, but ultimately fails. Helen, meanwhile, is being pressed by her mother to marry Mr. Throstle (Ferdinand Gottschalk), but, Helen has determined, even before Peter's arrival, not to marry. She later confesses to Peter, that she had been dreaming of him, before she saw him.  As time goes on, Peter keeps inadvertently giving offense with his unfamiliarity with 18th century customs. People also begin to fear him, as he blunders and speaks of things which have not yet taken place. For example, when he commissions Sir Joshua Reynolds to paint his portrait, he praises another Reynolds work by name, one the painter has only just begun. Kate becomes convinced that Peter is demonically possessed and breaks their engagement. Helen, however, is sympathetic to his difficulties, and falls in love with him.  Helen eventually presses Peter for an explanation of his "second sight", which he has only hinted at. Though he refuses to speak openly, she somehow sees in his eyes visions of his modern world, with all its horrors as well as its marvels, and guesses the truth. Knowing he has become disillusioned, living among ghosts born 149 years before his time, and desperately unhappy with the day-to-day realities of her era (including a lack of hygiene and plumbing, and not bathing regularly in what he calls a "filthy little pigsty of a world"), she urges him to return to his own time. He wants to stay with her regardless of the consequences, but in the end, he does go back to 1933.  When he visits Helen's grave, he learns that she died on June 15, 1787 at the age of 23. Marjorie comes to see him, worried about his sanity because he has been saying that he is from the 18th century. Peter believes his ancestor had switched places with him. He tells her he cannot marry her. Peter is consoled by the epitaph on Helen's grave, and her conviction that they will be together, "not in my time, nor in yours, but in God's".

Reception.

The film was a box office disappointment for Fox.  "The New York Times" reviewer Mordaunt Hall called it "an example of delicacy and restraint, a picture filled with gentle humor and appealing pathos." He particularly praised Leslie Howard, writing, "He has done excellent work in other films, but it is doubtful whether he has ever given so impressive and imaginative a performance." "Variety" declared the film "an imaginative, beautiful and well-handled production," but predicted that it would not fare well at the American box office because of the very British cast and dialogue. John Mosher of "The New Yorker" also praised the film, writing that "the charm that was in the play is there, with Leslie Howard again in his stage role, and with the good, even poetic, lines conserved, and the handsome eighteenth-century London mounted for us with a great deal of taste." "Harrison's Reports" wrote: "Artistically and handsomely produced and beautifully acted, "Berkeley Square" emerges as high-class entertainment for the better class of picture-goers; it is rather slow for the masses."

Remake.

The film was remade in 1951 as "The House in the Square", starring Tyrone Power and Ann Blyth, but shown in the U.S. as "I'll Never Forget You". Irene Browne reprised her role as Lady Ann Pettigrew in the remake.

Berkeley Square is a 1933 American pre-Code fantasy drama film produced by Fox Film Corporation, directed by Frank Lloyd, and starring Leslie Howard and Heather Angel. It recounts the tale of young American Peter Standish, played by Howard (nominated for the Academy Award for Best Actor), who is transported back to London shortly after the American Revolution, where he meets his ancestors. The film was based on the 1926 play of the same name by John L. Balderston, itself loosely based on the incomplete 1917 novel "The Sense of the Past" by Henry James. Howard also played Standish in the Broadway play.


Geography.

Polatlı is situated at the heart of the high Anatolian plateau, a large steppe covered with grass. Far from the coast, it has a typical steppes' climate. The winters are generally cold, the summers dry and dusty. The springs are the most humid times of the year. Polatlı is one of the most productive agricultural districts in Turkey and is best known for its cereal production, especially barley and wheat. Polatlı is one of Turkey's largest grain stores. Sugar beet, melon and onion are also grown.

History.

The ancient Phrygian capital Gordion is 10 km from the city of Polatlı. On his expedition to the east, Alexander the Great cut the famous Gordian Knot, an omen of his coming rule over the whole Asia. Pessinus, an ancient city on the upper river Sangarios (modern day Sakarya River), is also within the borders of Polatlı. The mythological Phrygian King Midas is said to have ruled from Pessinus and to be buried here.  Polatlı also occupied an important place in the Greco-Turkish War of 1919-1922 as the Battle of Sakarya (August 23-September 13, 1921) was fought here, the utmost eastern point reached by the advancing Greek Army in Anatolia. There are two memorial burial grounds of those lost in the battle. There is also a monument named Mehmetçik Monument about the battle just west of Polatlı.

Polatlı today.

Today, Polatlı is an important district of Ankara on the main road which connects the capital to the west of Turkey. The city has a good range of restaurants, bars, schools and other important amenities but still a quiet rural feel to it, and little social life except cafes, patisseries and window shopping on a Sunday afternoon. There are car repair workshops but otherwise little industry. Polatlı is trying to become an independent province from Ankara and "we want to be a city" graffiti can be seen in the town.  There is a military base here and the Turkish Army Artillery School was established in Polatlı in the early 1940s and is still an important institution in the town.  Polatlıspor is a minor league football club that once climbed into the second league.  There is a large statue of a kangaroo on the main road into city.

Longwave transmitter.

Near Polatli, there is a longwave broadcasting transmitter, which works on 180 kHz with a transmitter output power of 1200 kW. It uses as antenna a single 250 metres tall mast situated at 39°45'22"N 32°25'5"E. The station is known as "Polatlı Vericisi".

Polatlı (formerly Ancient Greek: Γορδιον, Gòrdion and Latin: Gordium) is a city and a district in Ankara Province in the Central Anatolia region of Turkey, 80 km west of the Turkish capital Ankara, on the road to Eskişehir. According to 2010 census, population of the district is 117,473 of which 98,605 live in the city of Polatlı. The district covers an area of 3,789 km2, and the average elevation is 850 m.


Metropolitanism.

Zenghelis came to critical attention for his accomplishments while part of the Dutch architectural firm Office for Metropolitan Architecture (OMA), which he founded in 1975 with Zoe Zenghelis, his wife, his former student Rem Koolhaas, and Madelon Vriesendorp, Koolhaas's wife. From 1980 to 1987, the male Zenghelis was partner in charge of OMA London; of OMA Athens from 1982 to 1987 OMA Athens. Out of OMA's projects during that period, Zenghelis was a central influence in earlier works: Extension of the Dutch Houses of Parliament, The Hague, 1978; Lutzowstrasse, IBA Berlin, 1981; Parc de la Villette, Paris, 1982; and Checkpoint Charlie housing, IBA Berlin, 1990.  Several of the paintings that Elia Zenghelis made with Zoe Zenghelis to illustrate OMA projects—such as Hotel Sphinx (1975) and Sixteen Villas on the Island of Antiparos, Greece (1981)—are now included in the Art and Design collection of the Museum of Modern Art in New York.

Mediterraneanism.

Zenghelis' turn to designing bourgeois summer villas in Greece in the early 1980s marked a change in the dynamics of his work: the British architectural journal "Architectural Design" (no. 51, 1981) noted in regards to his houses in Antiparos, that "Since Elia Zenghelis and Rem Koolhaas formally founded OMA over six years ago, their work, recently described by Bob Maxwell ‘as a series of paradoxes: reductivist yet metaphoric, polemical yet exquisite, modern, yet anti-modern’, has revealed subtle shifts of concern. This idiosyncratic evolution has now moved from Manhattanism to Mediterraneanism; their current project for a series of villas on Antiparos reflects a development of the OMA rationale skilfully crafted with Aegean traditions." This evaluation is somewhat misleading, however, in that after this work Zenghelis still worked in projects in West Berlin, especially the urban infill, part of the IBA Berlin project, in which the city set up a series of invited architectural competitions among avant-gardist architects of the time (including Aldo Rossi, Peter Eisenman and Rob Krier) to design infills on sites throughout the city. OMA designed a structure adjacent to the infamous Checkpoint Charlie site - at a time when the border control was still operating.

Gigantes Zenghelis Architects.

In 1987 Zenghelis went into partnership with architect Eleni Gigantes, in the office Gigantes Zenghelis Architects, London and Athens. From 2000 to 2011 they also had a branch office in Brussels, Belgium. However, from 1992 onward, Zenghelis withdrew from active participation in the office, and from design, in favour of his first and true vocation - education, which by then occupied him almost continuously. He continued to lecture on the work of the office however and make occasional contributions.  The office's most prestigious and critically received completed scheme has been the Ashikita House of Youth (1996–1998) in Kumamoto, on the island of Kyūshū, Japan, commissioned by Kumamoto ArtPolis.

Education.

In 1989 he was appointed Baukunst Professor at the Kunstakademie in Düsseldorf (stepping into Jim Stirling's recently vacated chair), retiring in 2002. He also taught at the Berlage Institute in the Netherlands (1993–2010), and in 2003 was also appointed a member of its Board. From 1997 onward he also taught in Switzerland: as Guest Professor at EPFL in Lausanne (1997-8) and ETH in Zurich (1998–2000) and as Professor at the Accademia d'Architettura Mendrisio (2000–2007). He was appointed Professor Emeritus in different Schools of Architecture such as the one of University of Thessaly in Greece. In 2012 he taught master classes at The Bartlett and is currently the Davenport Visiting Professor at the Yale School of Architecture.

Quote.

"From the early 60's architecture was entering a period of crisis and the search for a way forward shifting out of the profession and into the schools. (...) Through he Architectural Association I was sent to Ulm and with the support of the school we were able to invite new radical architects like Coop Himmelblau and Adolfo Natalini of Superstudio to London: providing not only cross-pollination but a system of support across borders. By the late 60s the Architectural Association had become a breeding ground for radical ideas and even before I met Rem Koolhaas as a student in 2nd year I had left my job and centred my life at the school." (Zenghelis, "Statement of Intent", 2003)

Elia Zenghelis (Born 1937, Athens, Greece) is a Greek architect and teacher. He studied architecture at the Architectural Association School of Architecture, London, completing his studies in 1961. From 1961 to 1971 he worked for architects Douglas Stephen and Partners, London, while also (from 1963) teaching at the Architectural Association. Zenghelis became a prominent teacher at the school for introducing more radical avant-gardism into the curriculum. From 1971 to 1975 Zenghelis collaborated with various architects in London, Paris and New York: Georges Candilis, Michael Carapetian, Aristeides Romanos, Rem Koolhaas, O.M. Ungers and Peter Eisenman.


Geography.

The district constitutes the northern Adana. The average altitude is about.

History.

The land that Çukurova district now occupies was made up of orchards, forestry and scattered villages. After Aytaç Durak's election as the mayor of Adana, an extensive urban plan was made. The urban plan consisted of 200,000 homes, several parks, schools and shopping places to be built over the next 30 years. The project was named as New Adana and the area grew rapidly during the 1990s.

Governance.

Çukurova district is administered by three levels of government; central government, provincial administration and the municipalities.  Çukurova Governorship is the district branch of the central government operating under the Adana Governorship. The chief executive of the Çukurova district is the District Governor who is appointed by the Ministry of Internal Affairs. Çukurova Governorship overseas the functioning of the district directorates of the ministries.  Çukurova directorate of the Adana Province Special Administration is the district branch of the provincial administration. Çukurova district is represented with 7 members at the 61-member Adana Provincial Parliament.  Çukurova district is divided into Çukurova municipality and the villages.

Çukurova Municipality.

There is only one municipality incorporated in the Çukurova district. Çukurova Municipality is a lower tier municipality of the city of Adana and serves most of the district. The municipality is further divided into neighborhoods.  Çukurova Municipality was incorporated in 2008 as a lower-tier municipality of the city of Adana, after the split of the northern section from Seyhan district.  Mayor is the chief executive of the municipality, presides municipal departments and chairs the municipal council. Mayoral candidates are either nominated by the national parties or run independently. The mayor is elected by first past the post voting for a 5-year term.  Encümen is the executive committee of the Çukurova Municipality.The mayor presides the encümen and the committee consists of 7 members, 3 councilors elected from the municipal council, 3 department directors appointed by the mayor and the treasurer.  Municipal Council is the decision making organ of the Çukurova Municipality. It is responsible for approving by-laws, founding, splitting or amalgamating neighborhoods, strategic planning, urban development planning and zoning, making investments, budgeting, loaning and controlling the mayor's activities. The chair of the council is the mayor. The council consists of 37 members. The candidates for the councilor positions are either nominated by National Parties or run independently. The councilors are elected by the d'Hondt method, where the whole municipality is one electoral district and there is 10% threshold for a party to gain seat at the council. As with mayor, councilors are elected for a 5-year term. Left leaning CHP leads the council with 18 members, Turkish nationalist MHP has 10, conservative AKP has 7 members at the council and two members are independent.

Villages.

Villages are the administrative units outside the municipal areas and are administered by the muhtar and the Village Seniors Council. The council can have 4, 5 or 6 members depending on the population of the village. Unlike the neighborhood muhtars, village muhtars are granted special powers and the village administration is considered to be a governmental body. In Çukurova district, there are total of 11 villages: Bozcalar, Dörtler, Fadıl, Kabasakal, Karahan, Küçükçınar, Keşoba, Memişli, Örçün, Pirirli and Söğütlü.  According to Law act no 6360, all villages in metropolitan municipalities in Turkey (such as Adana) were renamed as a neighborhoods (). Thus the villages listed above are officially neighborhoods of Adana.

Neighborhoods.

Neighborhoods (Mahalle) are small administrative units within the municipalities, and are administered by the muhtar and the Neighborhood Seniors Council consisting of 4 members. Muhtar and the Senior Council are elected for 5 years at the local elections and are not affiliated with political parties. Neighborhoods are not an incorporation therefore do not hold government status. Muhtar, although being elected by the residents, acts merely as an administrator of the district governor. Muhtar can voice the neighborhood issues to the municipal hall together with the Seniors Council.  Çukurova has total of 16 neighborhoods, 12 of them in the urban area, 4 are outside the urban area. The neighborhoods outside the urban area are the former villages and the municipalities that annexed to the city of Adana as city borders are expanded in 2008.

Neighborhoods in the urban area.

The urban neighborhoods of Çukurova are spread into 3 distinctive zones. The major separators of these zones are the Adana Metro and the Turgut Özal boulevard.  North of Turgut Özal Boulevard: The most scenic section of Adana, the zone is all residential, villas on the hills overlooking to the Seyhan Reservoir and high rise buildings along Turgut Özal and Süleyman Demirel Boulevards. This zone is bounded with Özal Boulevard on the south, Sadık Ahmet Boulevard on the west and Seyhan Reservoir on the north. The 4 neighborhoods of this zone are, Beyazevler, Güzelyalı, Karslılar and Kurttepe.  East of the Adana Metro: Bounded with Turgut Özal Boulevard on the east and north, Adana Metro on the west and Seyhan district on the south, this zone is heavily residential. The 3 neighborhoods of this zone are, Yurt, Mahfesığmaz and Toros.  West of the Adana Metro: Bounded by Adana Metro on the west, Turgut Özal Boulevard on the north, Tapantepe Road on the west and Seyhan district on the south, this zone is rapidly developing area of the city. Western section is zoned for low-rise and eastern section is heavily residential with high-rise buildings. The 5 neighborhoods of the zone are, Huzurevleri, Belediye Evleri, Yüzüncüyıl, Esentepe and Şambayadı.

Neighborhoods outside the urban area.

As the city borders expanded the municipalities and villages in the new limits of the city are annexed to the city. Neighborhoods of the former municipalities and former villages then became part of the Çukurova district as neighborhoods. There are total of 4 non-urban neighborhoods, all used to be part of the former Salbaş municipality; Esentepe, Kocatepe, Yeni Mahalle and Gökkuyu.

Transportation.

Local public transportation in Çukurova district is conducted by the Adana Metro, Adana Metropolitan Municipality Buse and the minibuses. Adana Metro serves with 4 stations in Çukurova: Hastane, Anadolu Lisesi, Huzurevi and Mavi Bulvar. Metro line starts in Çukurova and goes Seyhan and Yüreğir districts. Metro accepts bus cards (KentKart) for payment and runs between 06:00 A.M. and 23:00 P.M. Bus Services are using by all alongside of district and other districts. There are two types of bus services: The ones that owned by Adana Metropolitan Municipality (people buses), and the ones that partly controlled by the municipality (special people buses). People buses (known as Reds, "Kırmızılar") is only accept bus cards (KentKart) for payment. But special people buses (known as "Canlar") are also accept cash.  Minibuses are serving the neighbourhoods and transport people to the city centre. It's accepting cash and Kentkart. There is a few minibus services serving the Çukurova: Topel, İtimat, Özen, Cemalpaşa, Denizli, Barkal, and Yeşilevler.

Çukurova is a district-municipality in the Adana Province of Turkey. District population of 376 thousand, is concentrated within the city of Adana, occupying north-west of the city. It is a modern residential district which came into being in the last 30 years as the city expanded north. Çukurova is located north of the Seyhan district, west of the Seyhan River and south of the Seyhan Reservoir.


Career.

Mair only reached international level of the sport at age twenty-three and did not compete at a high level in his youth. His first major competition was the 1987 Central American and Caribbean Championships in Athletics and he came away with three medals: bronze medals in the 100 m and 200 m, and a gold medal in the 4×100 metres relay. This marked the beginning of much success with the Jamaican men's relay team. At the 1987 Pan American Games the following month he was eighth in the 200 m final and claimed a bronze medal in the relay, running the anchor leg in a quartet with Ray Stewart, Andrew Smith and Clive Wright. The team regrouped for the 1987 World Championships in Athletics, with Mair leading off this time, and won another bronze medal – the first time that Jamaican men won a relay medal at the competition.  Mair made him Olympic debut at the 1988 Seoul Olympics and, after being eliminated in the quarter-finals of the individual 100 m, he joined up with Christopher Faulknor, Greg Meghoo, and Clive Wright for the relay. The team came close to their World Championship medal-winning time in the 4×100 m relay final, but ended in fourth behind the French team who were seven hundredths faster. A double bronze medal win came for Mair at the 1990 Commonwealth Games as the Jamaican men took third in both the 4×100 m relay and 4×400 metres relay (Mair and Wright ran in both teams, with Ray Stewart and Wayne Watson being in the 100 m team and Devon Morris and Howard Burnett in the longer sprint quartet). Mair also placed sixth in the semi-finals of the 100 m individually. He was the Jamaican champion over 100 m that year, interrupting a long-running streak of national titles by Ray Stewart.  Four years on from his debut year, he returned to the same competitions. He won the highest individual honour of his career at the 1991 Central American and Caribbean Championships in Athletics, taking the 100 m title, and was also a relay silver medallist. The 1991 Pan American Games followed and he placed fifth in the 100 m, but did not take a medal in the relay. The 1991 World Championships in Athletics brought together a team of Dennis Mowatt, Ray Stewart, Michael Green, and Mair on the anchor leg. The group did not reach the heights of four years earlier, but performed well with a time of 38.67 seconds to place sixth in the final.  He set a best of 10.18 seconds for the 100 m in Kingston, Jamaica that year – this was a lifetime best and the only time that he ranked in the top thirty globally for the event in his career. He did not compete at the 1992 Summer Olympics. His final international outings were a run in the early rounds of the 200 m at the 1993 IAAF World Indoor Championships, and appearances at the 1994 Commonwealth Games, where he ran in the 100 m heats and was five hundredths short of a relay medal in fourth.

John Mair (born 20 November 1963) is a Jamaican former track and field sprinter who competed in the 100 metres and 200 metres. He won several medals with the Jamaican relay team, taking Jamaica's first World Championships relay medal (a bronze) at the 1987 World Championships in Athletics, as well as a bronze medal at the Pan American Games in 1987 and two relay bronze medals at the 1990 Commonwealth Games.


Early life.

Collinge was born in Dublin to F. Channon Collinge and Emmie (née Russell) Collinge. She was educated there first by a visiting governess and then at a girls' school. She took dance and piano lessons, which held no interest for her, and determined to be an actress.

Stage career.

Collinge first appeared on the stage in 1904 in "Little Black Sambo and Little White Barbara" at the Garrick Theatre in London. She emigrated to the United States with her mother in 1907. Soon after, she appeared as a flower girl in "The Queens of the Moulin Rouge" (1908) and as a supporting player in "The Thunderbolt" (1910) starring Louis Calvert, which was staged at the New Theatre (Century Theatre).  In 1911, Collinge played Youth in the Broadway production of "Everywoman," with Laura Nelson Hall in the title role. She reprised the role in the 1912 London production starring Alexandra Carlisle. She appeared as Agnes with Douglas Fairbanks, Sr., Amelia Bingham, and William H. Crane in "The New Henrietta," a play based on a comedy by Bronson Howard, produced at the Knickerbocker Theatre on Broadway in December 1913. In 1914, she again appeared with Fairbanks in "He Comes Up Smiling."  Collinge toured in "A Regular Businessman," was the original Pollyanna Whittier in "Pollyanna," and toured with "Tillie" in 1919. In 1932, she appeared in "Autumn Crocus." Her acting was acclaimed by a "New York Times" critic, who wrote, "Miss Collinge plays with the soft, pliant sincerity that makes her one of the most endearing actresses."  She was a member of the original Broadway cast of "The Little Foxes" with Tallulah Bankhead as the lead in 1939, playing the role of the tragic Birdie Hubbard. In 1941, she played the same part in the motion picture version, which starred Bette Davis. Other stage work included roles in productions of "The Heiress," "Just Suppose," "The Dark Angel," "The Importance of Being Earnest," "To See Ourselves," and "Lady with a Lamp." Her final stage appearance came in December 1952 in "I've Got Sixpence" at the Ethel Barrymore Theatre.

Film career.

Collinge's film debut in 1941's "The Little Foxes" earned her an Academy Award for Best Supporting Actress nomination. Other films included "Shadow of a Doubt" (1943), "Tender Comrade" (1943), and "The Nun's Story" (1959).  According to the featurette included with the DVD of "Shadow of a Doubt", Collinge rewrote the scene that takes place in the garage between Teresa Wright and Macdonald Carey. Director Alfred Hitchcock and the actors were reportedly unhappy with the dialogue. Hitchcock was reportedly delighted with her work and used it in the film. She also reportedly worked with Alma Reville (Hitchcock's wife) and Ben Hecht on the screenplay for Hitchcock's "Lifeboat" (1944), which also starred Tallulah Bankhead.

Television.

Collinge appeared in four episodes of the popular series "Alfred Hitchcock Presents." In one episode, "The Cheney Vase", based on the play "Kind Lady", she played a vulnerable, elderly, wealthy woman kept hostage in her own home by ruthless crooks (Darren McGavin and Ruta Lee) attempting to steal her valuable possessions. She also appeared in such television dramas as "Laramie" (1961), "The United States Steel Hour" (1962), "East Side/West Side" (1963), and "N.Y.P.D." (1967).

Author.

Collinge wrote the play "Dame Nature" (1938), an adaptation of a French drama by André Birabeau. She wrote a series of short stories for "The New Yorker," and contributed to the "New York Times Book Review." One of her stories, "The Small Mosaics of Mr. and Mrs. Engel," a story of travel in Italy, earned her a gold medal from the Italian government. With Margalo Gillmore, she co-authored "The B.O.W.S.", a play about the American Theatre Wing unit which performed "The Barretts of Wimpole Street" for soldiers in Italy and France during World War II.

Personal life.

Collinge married James Nichols Smith, an investment counselor, on June 10, 1921. The marriage lasted many decades but produced no children. In 1974, at age 81, she died in Manhattan following a heart attack.

Patricia Collinge (born Eileen Cecilia Collinge; September 20, 1892 – April 10, 1974) was an Irish-American actress, dramatist, and writer, best known for her role as the tragic alcoholic Birdie Hubbard in "The Little Foxes".