Service.

LO Local (普通 "futsū")  LE Limited Express (特急 "tokkyū")  NS Non-stop Limited Express (ノンストップ特急 "nonsutoppu tokkyū") SV Premium Express Shimakaze (しまかぜ "Shimakaze")

History.

During the Meiji era, travelers coming to modern-day Shima walked along the Ise-Isobe road, now known as Mie Route 32. In 1911, as the Meiji era neared its end, the government-owned Sangū Line (now owned by JR Central) was extended from the city of Ujiyamada (modern-day Ise) to Toba, making Toba the default origin of any railroad to Shima, and not Ujiyamada. During the 1910s, as the Taishō period began, many plans were put forth by various members of the railroad industry, but none were implemented.

Shima Electric Railway.

In 1923, was established by Kakuya Morimoto, and by 1924 the plan for a railroad to Shima was finally approved. This plan specified Toba Station as the origin, as well as a track gauge of, allowing the line to connect directly with the Sangū Line (also ) in Toba. The original plan also specified that Ugata Station would be the terminus. However, shortly before construction began, a request was made to members of an already-established railway company, Tokyu Corporation, to see if the plan drawn up by Shima Electric Railway was sound. In the end, the only recommendation made was that the terminus be extended from Ugata to a nearby uninhabited island in Ago Bay called Kashiko Island, citing the island's natural beauty as conducive to establishing a profitable resort and tourism industry catering to travelers and pilgrims already coming to the area to visit nearby Ise Grand Shrine. Executives at Shima Electric Railway incorporated this suggestion into their plan and decided the line would include two stations on Kashiko Island: Kashikojima Station for tourists, and, the new terminus, for use as a freight station by the area's marine industry. However, the people living near Ugata, the original terminus, opposed the new plan because they felt having the line's endpoint in their area would bring economic benefit. This period of opposition lasted for four years, during which people living near Ugata refused to sell the land needed by Shima Electric Railway to lay track leading to Kashiko Island, thereby delaying construction. After an agreement was reached, the line was finally completed and opened in 1929, five years after the original plan had been drafted.  In 1944, Shima Electric Railway, along with six other companies, merged to form Mie Transport ("Sanco"). Twenty years later, the railway department of Sanco split off to become a separate company called Mie Electric Railway ("Sanden"), however this organization was short-lived as it was bought up by railway giant Kinki Nippon Railway ("Kintetsu") the following year, and thus in 1965 the line came under its current name and ownership.

Kintetsu renovation.

In acquiring the line, Kintetsu now had a problem because the Shima Line, which originated at Toba Station, was not connected with the rest of Kintetsu's extensive rail network which stretched only as far as Ujiyamada Station in Ise. Moreover, the railway gauge and voltage used on the Shima Line were different from the majority of Kintetsu lines, including the nearby Yamada Line which terminated at Ujiyamada. For the time being, Kintetsu offered bus service between Ujiyamada and Toba, but in the late 1960s they decided it was worthwhile to create a rail connection between the two in hopes of attracting customers from the upcoming 1970 World's Fair in Osaka by offering direct rail service to the area. This was the impetus for the construction of the Toba Line, and to make direct service possible between the Shima Line, the under-construction Toba Line, the Yamada Line, and beyond, the Shima Line was closed for four months in late 1969 and early 1970 to change the gauge to and double the voltage to 1,500 V DC to match the other Kintetsu lines it would connect with. Other improvements were added such as the ATS system, a new switching network, and gentler curves. The renovated Shima Line and the newly built Toba Line opened together in March 1970, and Kintetsu began running limited express trains from and to Kashikojima just in time for the beginning of the World's Fair. The sharp increase of passengers on the line also motivated Kintetsu to invest money in a variety of tourism business enterprises in the Ise-Shima, especially along the Shima Line.  In 1986, it was decided that a second track on the Shima Line would assist in increasing the speed and number of trains on the line. Construction took several years and now most but not all of the line has dual tracks. The Aomine Tunnel between Shiraki and Gochi was also added to the line during this phase.

The is a railway line in Mie Prefecture, Japan, operated by private railway operator Kintetsu Railway, connecting Toba Station in Toba with Kashikojima Station in Shima.


Recording.

Luke Pritchard had already begun talking about The Kooks' fifth album in 2017 while promoting the band's greatest hits compilation, "The Best of... So Far", which contained two new songs that were produced by Brandon Friesen who was also overseeing the recording of their new album along with Chris Seefried. Consisting of songs written by Pritchard while the other band members spent time with their families, the new album was deemed to be more of a band effort, as opposed to "Listen" which was constructed individually.  Initially, the band had started recording for their fifth album in 2015 with the intent of continuing the flow from the previous record "Listen". Unhappy with the results they decided to scrap the material in favor of starting over in a new direction. According to Pritchard, "We’d started out with Inflo, working in the same way we had on "Listen", and one day we all looked at each other and said 'This isn’t working'."  Pritchard spoke to the Evening Standard about his writing process for the new album: “I really went on a mission to write the best songs I’d ever written before bringing them to the band. I stewed over every word. It had to be our "Rubber Soul", "Lola", "Definitely Maybe". Proper British lineage. I came from a dark place at the start, had a lotta heartbreak, and then falling in love in the middle of the album...the lyrics reflect that".  Pritchard also spoke to Clash about external pressure on the band to produce more mainstream music and the band's resistance to the idea. He said, "On this album it wasn’t like there were discussions in the band on this, but there were a lot of people around us saying things like, oh, you should go more modern, or use this producer. We made a very clear decision to stick to our guns, and to stick to being what we think we stand for." The band decided to write more of the music and in particular the lyrics before entering the studio to record, as opposed to writing on the fly in the studio as with their previous record.  Regarding the choice of Friesen as producer, with whom the band started working with in early 2016, Pritchard said, "He was looking to make a great rock record and that’s what we wanted. It was exciting to work with something new, we didn’t want the guy who’d done the last Kasabian record, we wanted to be outsiders together, that gave us a lot of fight and a lot of creative freedom."  Originally, Pritchard had wanted to name the album "Weight of the World" after one of its songs. He said, "In my opinion 'Weight Of The World" became the pinnacle moment of the new record because this song represents what the entire album stands for: letting go of the past, letting go of the youth. But I found it was too negative for a title, whereas "Let’s Go Sunshine" feels really positive. And that’s what the album really is in the end."

Critical reception.

Upon the release of "Let's Go Sunshine" critical reception to the album was mixed. Review aggregate website Metacritic scored the album 59/100 based on 7 reviews. In All Music's review by Neil Z. Yeung said of the album; " a mostly tame affair packed with patient groovers and some lush production" although he was slightly critical of the albums sentimentality; "it gets bogged down by the contemplative exercises, but resuscitated by the festival-sized anthems punctuated throughout". Clash gave the album a mixed review. Writing; "Let’s Go Sunshine’ is a solid album, though not groundbreaking" but did complement the band on trying new things; "whilst it’s not The Kooks we know and love, it’s still mostly remains true to the indie sound whilst being experimental in parts". Another mixed review came from Exclaim! reviewer Beth Bowles. She was critical of the band apparently playing it safe; "Let's Go Sunshine scarcely veers into experimental territory, and as a result, the tracks lack unique characteristics" and went on to criticise the album as "boring" stating; "While collectively the songs are happy-go-lucky, giving off a carefree tone, at 15 tracks, Let's Go Sunshine gets boring quickly".

Let's Go Sunshine is the fifth studio album by British rock band The Kooks. The follow-up to the 2014 album "Listen", it was released on 31 August 2018 through Lonely Cat, making it the band's first album release on an independent label The album charted at number 9 on the UK Albums Chart, giving the band their highest charted release for a decade after their second album "Konk" which reached Number One in 2008. It is the third and last studio album recorded with bassist Pete Denton, whose departure from the band was announced on 3 January 2019.


History.

In October 1970, Yasushi Tourism Corporation launched a business. Men focused on marine animal exhibitions such as dolphins and sea lions and men breed and trained for orchas that were regarded as beasts. There are performances by marine beasts other than killer whales. There are three different zones which are the Eco Aquaroam, Tropical Island, and Rocky world contain most sea creatures about 11,000 that are on display.  By the opening of Sea World, resort hotels such as "Kamogawa Grand Tower" and ryokan / recreation facilities were built in the Kamogawa which was a sightseeing area until then, south Boso was transformed into a resort for a whole year. In addition, the hotel "Kamogawa Sea World Hotel" managed directly inside Sea World premises, was founded in 1971.  Since Yasu Tourism was absorbed and merged into Mitsui Kohmura (former North Coast Tourism, now Gran Vista) in 1986, it became the main facility of the company. In 1987, a new establishment of the Ocean Stadium which can accommodate about 2,000 people exclusively for orca performance, Eco Equalome which renewed indoor aquarium panolium in December 1996, Rocky World and Seika Performance only for July 1998 "The Rocky Stadium (about 1,000 people)" has been established, July 2001 has expanded the exhibition facilities, the tropical island to display the fishes in the South Pacific and the sea turtle beach new construction.

Attractions.

Areas.

Ocean Stadium  Guests can encounter killer whale here and watch killer whale performance. On the first floor of the semi-underground there is a self-service "restaurant ocean", and guests can see the aquarium and killer whale at the Ocean Stadium through the window. It is located right in front of the coast of the Pacific Ocean. Surf Stadium  Guests can encounter Bottlenose dolphin, Pacific white-sided dolphin here. These animals can show guests combined performance here.  Marine Theater  Guests can encounter Beluga here. In this theater, Beluga performs special tricks, specifically they are trained to swim through obstacles, identify showed terms.  Rocky Stadium  Guests can encounter California sea lion here. They star here and provide classical show using their hidden intelligence.  Eco-aquaroam  There are Char, Japanese freshwater crab, Kokanee salmon, Japanese spider crab, Jelly fish and others in this area. It is the aquarium where tourists can have a quick break or long moment to just observe various sea animals.  Tropical Island  There are Pearl-spot chromis, Oriental butterflyfish, Anemone fish, Shark, Ray, Sea turtle, and others in this area. Similar to the Eco-aquaroam but with the difference of being in a building, Tropical Island shows the visitors the significance of coral reefs.  Polar Adventure  There are King penguin, Gentoo penguin, Rock hopper penguin, and others in this area. It suits colder sea creatures compared to the Rocky World. It focus on the animals inhabited in both Arctic and Antarctic. Tourists may find it is cooler here.  Pirika Forest  It is a facility where tufted puffins are exhibited. It has been renewed and reopened in the Polar Adventure area in the basement of Rocky World. It can be found right in the Polar Area which simply displayed special and rare breed of birds - tufted puffin. Rocky World  There are California sea lion, Spotted seal, Walrus, Steller sea lion, Bottlenose dolphin, Humboldt penguin, and others in this area and guests can find it right beside the rocky stadium. This is the area where serve as complex inhabitants to keep sea animals comfortable. It is like a collection of different marine animals from coasts.  It develops from the Ocean Stadium to the Kamogawa Sea World Hotel on the premises. It is an exhibition environment that reproduces the habitats of the marine animals, and it is becoming possible to see the state of the aquarium from the first basement floor (except penguin · polar adventure). During the opening hours, guests can cross the sea world hotel by passing through a wood deck style bridge. There is a gate dedicated to exit near the sea of penguins.  In front of the elevator on the 2nd floor, the first Japanese-born killer whale-killer whale FRP replicas are displayed together with explanation panel.  Sea turtle beach  Obviously, guests can encounter sea turtles here. Located so near to the coast that tourists may think it is connected with the Pacific Ocean. Here is the safe place to breed and keep turtles.  Pelican Pond  Guests can encounter pelican here. It can be closed due to the rainy weather. Tourist can watch pelican strut themselves with hearing the introduction and comments provided by staff inside.  Kamogawa Sea World has The Steller Sea Lion Sea, Walrus Sea, The Humboldt Penguin Sea and The Dolphin Sea which use their name to indicate the creatures. These area is more like a container of real sea to serve as the comfortable place to make specific marine animals fell home. And the name of them indicates the exactly animals on display.

Restaurant.

Restaurant Ocean  It is the only restaurant inside where guests can dine while watching the killer whales performance.  Food Court Mauri  Inspired by the Republic of Kiribati, the restaurant is built and served with a southern land style.  Buffet Restaurant Sun Cruise  Where guests can enjoy food relaxed.

Shop.

Gift Shop Marine Market  Beside the main gate, guests can buy souvenir easily before leaving the Sea World.  Bazaar Court Raoi  It is beside the Tropical Island and the largest shop inside the amusement park with various goods.

Activity programs.

Kamogawa Sea World has eight main activity programs. The performances show the cleverness and good sports skill of sea creatures. There is another activity named guided discovery give the tourists opportunity to make interaction with marine mammals such like dolphins and whales. Feeding time can teach some general knowledge of feeding behavior.  Killer Whale Performance  This performance takes Pacific Ocean as the background, gives the platform to killer whale to let them play with trainers include powerful jumps.  <nowiki>*</nowiki>The performance is likely to be canceled or be changed depending on weather and animal conditions.  Dolphin Performance  Bottlenose dolphin and Pacific white-sided dolphin give combined performance in this activity. Kamogawa Sea World comments that human being may be likely to overlook the real cleverness and various abilities which dolphins hold. Tourists can see high jumps and spin jumps performed by dolphins here.  <nowiki>*</nowiki>The performance is likely to be canceled or be changed depending on weather and animal conditions.  Beluga Whale Performance  In this activity, visitors will find trainers whale swimming with being blinded by trainers, avoid obstacles, and using experience to identify terms.  <nowiki>*</nowiki>The performance is likely to be canceled or be changed depending on weather and animal conditions.  Sea Lion Performance  Sea lion is the sea creature who have the most skills among above and itself. By performing comical moves, trainers and sea lion can give comedy show to the audience. Sea lion can also play well with balance balls.  <nowiki>*</nowiki>The performance is likely to be canceled or be changed depending on weather and animal conditions.

Guidance.

Tours that allow guests to visit back yards and other experiences of interaction with marine beasts are conducted as a fee "Discovery Guidance" every day from the time of opening Rocky World every day. On the day, purchase the participating tickets on the first-come-first-served basis at the garden information center. Since peak periods such as soil holidays and summer vacation periods are popular, distribution tickets were distributed 30 minutes before the opening from around 2005, and it began to sell in order of arrival from there. Fan club organization "Dolphin Dream Club" members are eligible for a fee. There are times when the accommodation plan of the Kamogawa Sea World Hotel is set as well as the entrance ticket plan in which participation tickets are set in advance.

Guide walking tour.

In principle, carry out once a day. In the peak period of the Golden Week etc., it may be performed more than once.  Aquarium Whole Watching  We will observe from Eco Aquarium to Tropical Island. guests can touch Beluga at the backyard of the marine theater.  Communication time with fish  Visit the Eco-Equalome. We can feed the fish from the backyard.

Friendship with marine beasts.

A kiss gift for killer whales  Participants enter the stage of the Ocean Stadium after each performance finish, and the killer whale that came close to the pool side kisses the participants.  Touch the dolphin  Participants enter the stage of the surf stadium after each performance finish, and participants can touch dolphins that are close to the pool side.  Lovely Dolphin  Participants enter the shallow pool in Rocky World's "Sea of Dolphins" and can interact with the bottlenose dolphins. Implementation may be canceled due to consideration concerning pregnancy / childbirth etc. of Bottlenose dolphins.

Parking information.

The parking place can contain 1,200 cars at most. The fee depends on the size of the car. Specifically, 1,000 yen for standard-sized car, 1,500 yen for large-sized car and 200 yen for motorcycles (including tax).

Influence.

Educational Activities  Kamogawa Sea World has many educational activities including monthly meetings of the Animal Friend Society, summer schools, junior trainer experiences, night adventures, and special programs for school. Kamogawa Sea World has created a place where people can learn some knowledge about sea creatures with fun.  Wild Life Conservation Activities  Injured animals, loggerhead turtle eggs, aquatic insects and other aquatic creatures can get help from the team of Kamogawa Sea World. The team want to use such way to conserve species and attract more awareness of caring other species and finally to enhance the harmony between human and nature and wild animals.  Promotion and Research of Captive Breeding  Kamogawa Sea World is an ex-citu conservation facility from certain perspective. The team of Kamogawa Sea World tries to improve the skill of breeding species in a captive way and develop related studies and research as well as gathering scientific knowledge through activities to help saving species and building in-situ conservation facility.  Community Partnership  From the perspective of Kamogawa Sea World, local fisherman contribute a lot to the collection of sea creatures. On the other hand, rescued animals will be studied and released back into the wild with the help of local fisherman. Kamogawa Sea World says it respects Chiba residents, government and contributes to external cultural activities.

Kamogawa Sea World is a large scale comprehensive marine leisure center/museum equivalent facility located between the Tojo coast and the national highway No. 128 in Kamogawa city, Chiba Prefecture, Japan. It is operated by Granvista Hotels & Resorts Co., Ltd.


Taxonomy.

In the 19th and 20th centuries, several cheetah type specimens from East Africa were described and proposed as subspecies:  Other naturalists and zoologists also described cheetahs from other parts of East Africa that were all considered synonyms of "A. j. raineyi".  In 2005, the authors of Mammal Species of the World recognized "A. j. raineyi" and "A. j. velox" as valid taxa, and considered "A. j. ngorongorensis" synonymous with "A. j. raineyi".  In 2017, the Cat Classification Task Force of the Cat Specialist Group subsumed "A. j. raineyi" and "A. j. velox" to "A. j. jubatus", thus recognizing only one subspecies in Southeastern and Southern Africa.

Evolutionary history.

The earliest African cheetah fossils from the early Pleistocene have been found in the lower beds of the Olduvai Gorge site in northern Tanzania.  Not much was known about the East African cheetah's evolutionary story, although at first, the East and Southern African cheetahs were thought to be identical as the genetic distance between the two subspecies is low. In the 1990s, it appeared from a DNA research that the East African cheetah is a separate subspecies differing from the Southern African cheetah.  In early 2011, results of phylogeographic genetic analysis on cheetah subspecies revealed more about the distinctiveness and significant differences between cheetah subspecies, revealing the connection between the East and Southern African populations. The mitochondrial DNA data shows that the East African cheetah had no common haplotype with the Southern African cheetah, although one haplotype consisting cheetah populations from Tanzania and Kenya clustered with Southern African cheetah. It was suggested that a population in East Africa might be derived from a relatively recent re-colonization events. The mtDNA study reveals that the divergence between the two populations occurred between 28,000 and 36,000 years ago.

Physical characteristics.

East African cheetahs measure around in head-and-body length and weigh between. The males are usually larger than females. Measurements on wild cheetahs in Tanzania were taken, and they can measure up to between in length and weighs between. The largest have been recorded in Kenya. Depth of skull and length of mandible are significantly larger in males.  It is the second-palest after the Northwest African cheetah. East African cheetahs have a white-yellowish coat to a tannish coat. Their fur are usually quite shorter and leaner, however some can have a thick coarse fur on the belly. It has many round black spots, some can be found on the chests and neck, except on its white underside. The spots merge toward the end of the tail to form four to fourteen dark rings followed by a white tuft at the tip of the tail. Its tear marks run from the corner of the eyes to the mouth which reduces the glare of sunlight in its eyes, which is relatively thick. It also has a slighter build than other African cheetahs.  There have been reports about cheetahs of other color variations, such as melanism and ticked. A black (melanistic) cheetah was sighted in the Trans-Nzoia District of Kenya in 1925. A ticked (spotless) cheetah was shot in Tanzania in 1921, it had only a few very small spots on the neck and back. Another cheetah with this color-morph was photographed in Kenya in 2012.

Distribution and habitat.

In East Africa, cheetahs primarily live on scrub forests, grasslands, savannahs, open fields, steppes and arid environments where preys are available, in which are suitable to be the cheetahs' main hunting grounds. A few can also be found at lakeshores and coastal areas, including mountain ranges. The cheetahs of Amboseli National Park also live in arid deserts of Nyiri.  The cheetah's range has the highest density mostly in between northern Tanzania and southern Kenya. The largest populations are mostly found at the Serengeti National Park, the Masai Mara National Reserve, Kora National Park and the Ngorongoro Crater from Tanzania and Kenya, as there were between 569 and 1,007 cheetahs in Tanzania and between 710 and 793 individuals in Kenya. However, in 2015, it is estimated that between 800 and 1,200 adult cheetahs reside in Kenya, making the country the main stronghold for the vulnerable species in East Africa. There are rare sightings of cheetahs at the Ngorongoro Conservation Area and in the Katavi National Park from southwest Tanzania.  Populations were estimated at around 40 to 295 cheetahs in Uganda as of 2007. Cheetahs are resident in Kidepo Valley National Park in northern Uganda. It is estimated that only 20 individuals live in Kidepo since 2014.

Former ranges.

The East African cheetah has lost most of its historical range, such as in the North Kivu and South Kivu provinces of the Democratic Republic of the Congo, and in Virunga National Park. It might share borders with the Northeast African cheetah in Northeast Africa. It is regionally extinct in Rwanda and Burundi.

Ecology and behavior.

Reproduction and life cycle.

Male cheetahs are sociable and often live in a group of other males called "coalitions". In the Serengeti, it was found that 41% of the adult males were solitary, 40% lived in pairs and 19% lived in trios. Male cheetahs are territorial, and establish their territories by marking their territories by urinating on trees or logs.  The female cheetah's home ranges can be very large and a territory including several females' ranges is impossible to defend. Instead, males choose the points at which several of the females' home ranges overlap, creating a much smaller space, which can be properly defended against intruders while maximizing the chance of reproduction. Coalitions will try their best to maintain territories to find females with whom they will mate. The size of the territory also depends on the available resources; depending on the habitat, the size of a male's territory can vary greatly from.  Female cheetahs can reproduce at 13 to 16 months of age with an average age of sexual maturity between 21 and 22 months. Cheetah cub births mostly occurs during January to August in East Africa after 90 to 95 days of gestation.

Hunting and diet.

Cheetahs are diurnal animals (active mainly during the day), whereas the stronger apex predators, such as hyenas, African leopards and lions are nocturnal (active mainly at night). Hunting is the major activity throughout the day; peaks are observed during dawn and dusk indicating crepuscular tendencies. Groups rest in grassy clearings after dusk, though males and juveniles often roam around at night.  In Kenya, cheetahs of the Masai Mara hunt after sunset to escape the high temperatures of the day. In the Serengeti, they hunt when the lions and hyenas are inactive. A study in Nairobi National Park showed that the success of cheetah hunt depends on the species, age, sex, and habitat of the prey, and the size of the hunting herd or the efficiency of the hunting individual.  It usually eats medium-sized or large mammalian herbivores, such as antelopes. It preys on impala, Grant's gazelle, gerenuk, wildebeest, waterbuck, hare and guineafowl. It even feeds on other large mammals, such as plains zebras and ostriches on few occasions. However, its favorite prey is the Thomson's gazelle. The gazelle is found mostly in savannas, grasslands and open fields of the Serengeti ecosystem of Tanzania and the Masai Mara ecosystem of Kenya, where the cheetah can chase and catch its prey at full speed.  In Somalia, cheetahs feed on Soemmerring's gazelles. Historically, Speke's gazelles fell prey to the cheetahs, which were formerly the main prey of the cheetahs in semi-deserts and grass steppes of the Horn of Africa. However, it suffers from population decline and habitat degradation.

Enemies and competitors.

Cheetahs are threatened and outranked by larger predators in their area, as they are known to be unable to defend themselves against these predators. In the Serengeti ecosystem, they are highly threatened by East African lions, as they can kill cheetahs, cause high-rate cheetah cub mortality, also steal their food.  Other predators such as African leopards, East African wild dogs and hyenas also threaten the cheetahs. Spotted and striped hyenas frequently scavenges from the cheetah kills, and the cheetahs would surrender their meals to the incoming hyenas without a fight.  However, coalitions of male adult cheetahs can chase predators away. Even a single cheetah are also known to chase jackals and African golden wolves away from their territory or their food.

Threats.

The cheetah is threatened by poaching, habitat loss and fragmentation. Cheetahs in the Serengeti and the Maasai Mara are affected by infectious disease, although it does not represent a major threat to the free-roaming cheetahs of East Africa.

Conservation.

The cheetah species is listed on Appendix I of CITES (Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species), Appendix I of CMS (Convention on the Conservation of Migratory Species of Wild Animals) and is protected under national legislation throughout most of its extant and some of its former range.  Despite the numerous reserves and national parks for the cheetah, its population still is in decline. There are various conservation projects in order to save the cheetah from extinction, such as the Mara-Meru Cheetah Project, the Serengeti Cheetah Project, Action for Cheetahs in Kenya and the Tanzania Cheetah Conservation Programme.  There are currently no known East African cheetahs in captivity. However, in Whipsnade Zoo features displays that inform visitors about ZSL's cheetah conservation project in Tanzania. Despite the conservation project is involved on East Africa, the captive cheetahs of the zoo are actually Northeast African cheetahs.

The East African cheetah ("Acinonyx jubatus jubatus"), is a cheetah population in East Africa. It lives in grasslands and savannas of Tanzania, Kenya, Uganda and Somalia. The cheetah inhabits mainly the Serengeti ecosystem, including Maasai Mara, and the Tsavo landscape.


Storylines.

Slammiversary featured professional wrestling matches involving different wrestlers from pre-existing scripted feuds and storylines. Wrestlers portrayed villains, heroes, or less distinguishable characters in the scripted events that built tension and culminate in a wrestling match or series of matches.  On the March 2, 2017, episode of "Impact Wrestling", Alberto El Patrón debuted in Impact Wrestling, interrupting Bruce Prichard and Impact Wrestling World Heavyweight Champion Lashley in an attempt to insert himself into the Impact Wrestling World Heavyweight Championship picture. Lashley granted El Patrón a world title match. Later that night, El Patrón won the Impact Wrestling World Heavyweight Title over Lashley in controversial fashion. However, El Patrón relinquished the title the next night due to the controversial victory and faced Ethan Carter III in a world title number-one contenders match, which he won, becoming the number one contender in the process. On the April 20, 2017, episode of "Impact Wrestling", Karen Jarrett announced that Global Force Wrestling and Impact Wrestling had officially merged including any related property. This led to May 11 El Patrón defeating Magnus to win the GFW Global Championship. Then on the June 1 episode of "Impact Wrestling", El Patrón defeated Carter again this time for Patrón's GFW Global Champion and Carter opportunity to face Lashley at Slammiversary.  In April 2017, Bruce Prichard announced that James Storm was the new number-one contender to Lashley's World Heavyweight Championship, as voted by the Impact fans. EC3 came out to object and insisted the fans wanted him to face Lashley. On the April 20 episode of "Impact Wrestling", EC3 interfered in Storm's title match allowing Lashley to retain the title, turning heel in the process. The following week on "Impact Wrestling", Carter came out in a cowboy hat and boots, mocking Storm. The following week, Carter brutally assaulted a handcuffed Storm with his belt over 30 times. Over the following weeks, EC3 would lash his opponents and Impact officials, including Bruce Prichard. On the May 17 episode of "Impact Wrestling", EC3 defeated Storm after Magnus interfered and prevented Storm from lashing EC3. EC3 would then go on to defeat Storm and Magnus in a Triple threat #1 contender's match, only to lose his Slammiversary shot to Alberto El Patrón. After, Storm came out and said EC3 would still be competing at Slammiversary, in a Strap Match against him.  In April, Josh Mathews had a series of arguments with fellow employee Jeremy Borash and the two began a heated feud, which seemed to culminate in a match where Borash & Mathews formed teams of four wrestlers to compete against each other, with Mathews' team losing, thus Mathews was no longer the lead-commentator. However, during Impact's return to UK screens Mathews returned to ringside accompanying Lashley, and joined Borash and D'Angelo Dinero, providing commentary, again belittling the wrestlers who the fans cheered for. At the end of the show, Borash, having heard enough of Mathews bullying punched Mathews in what many saw was a provoked attack. The next week at the start of the show, Mathews comes out to ringside and once again confronts Jeremy Borash - this time he has obviously filed a grievance with company management and says that Borash is suspended for 30 days, starting immediately. Borash is dismissed from ringside, aided by the heavy numbers of security personnel that accompanied Mathews to the ring - Mathews then proceeds to call the in-ring action for the remainder of the broadcast. Borash was later seen (off camera) watching the show as a member of the audience, having gone outside & then purchasing a ticket. On the April 27 episode of "Impact Wrestling", then it was agreed a match between Borash and Joseph Park against Mathews and his partner. Later, Mathews revealed his partner to be Scott Steiner with Steiner attacking Park with the Steiner Recliner and Borash would leave the arena after being afraid that Steiner would attack him.  On January 5, 2017, Davey Richards made his return to TNA, helping Eddie Edwards retain the TNA World Heavyweight Championship, by stopping Lashley from hitting Edwards with the title. On the February 9 episode of "Impact Wrestling", Richards turned heel by costing Edwards' TNA World Heavyweight Championship rematch against Lashley, by pulling the referee out of the ring which allowed Richards to hit Edwards with a title shot to the face while the referee was distracted by Angelina Love. Afterwards, Richards and his wife Angelina Love attacked Edwards and his wife Alisha Edwards, thus ending The Wolves in the process. Richards' character then went through a complete transformation, sporting new theme music, trunks, being infatuated with Love and calling himself "The Lone Wolf". On the February 16 episode of "Impact Wrestling", Richards faced Edwards in a Street Fight, however the match ended in a no-contest. On the March 9 episode of "Impact Wrestling", Richards brawled with Edwards at the beginning of the show, but the two were separated by security guards. On the April 6 episode of "Impact Wrestling", Richards defeated Edwards in a Last Man Standing Match. This led to a Full Metal Mayhem match between both couples.  On the April 20 episode of "Impact Wrestling", Sonjay Dutt surprised everyone by making his in-ring return in a six-way match for the Impact Wrestling X Division Championship. During the match after Low Ki hi with a foot in the eye of Dutt, Dutt sustained a serious eye injury which effectively ruled him out of the contest. After its conclusion Dutt was treated backstage by the Impact Wrestling medical team. Low Ki ended winning the match becoming a five time Impact Wrestling X Division Championship. Over the following weeks Dutt made his intentions of facing Low-Ki for the X-Division Championship. On June 8 Impact Wrestling broadcast their first show in India with Low Ki retaining his X-Division Championship against Caleb Konley. During the match Low Ki's eye was busted open. After the match Dutt confronted Low Ki for injuring his eye and how Low Ki's eye was busted open; Dutt then asked Low Ki for a shot for the X-Division Championship. The following week Dutt defeated Low Ki to win for the first time ever the X-Division Championship. This led to a two-out-of-three falls match for the X-Division Championship.  On April 21, 2017, Sienna defeated Christina Von Eerie to win the GFW Women's Championship, making her the first woman to have held the Impact Wrestling Knockouts Championship and the GFW Women's Title. Then weeks later after Sienna was feuding with Allie and on the May 25 episode of "Impact Wrestling", the Impact Wrestling Knockouts Champion Rosemary rushed the ring while Allie was being double-teamed by Laurel Van Ness and Sienna. As they tried to convince her to join in, she instead attacked them, turning face in the process. The next week, Allie asked Rosemary why she saved her. Rosemary explained that "the hive" sent her to protect Allie, beginning a storyline. On the June 8 episode of "Impact Wrestling", Rosemary successfully defended the Knockouts Championship against Laurel Van Ness. After the match, Van Ness and Sienna attacked Rosemary, prompting Allie to come down to fend them off with a kendo stick. Then this led a match between Sienna and Rosemary for the Impact Wrestling Knockouts Championship and the GFW Women's Championship.

Slammiversary XV was a professional wrestling pay-per-view (PPV) event produced by Impact Wrestling. It took place on July 2, 2017 at the Impact Zone in Orlando, Florida. It was the thirteenth event under the Slammiversary chronology and the first event in the 2017 Impact Wrestling PPV schedule. The event included special appearances by TNA alums Shark Boy and James Mitchell, as well as members of American Top Team and El Hijo de Dos Caras.


Early years.

McDonald was born in Fresno, California. He attended Edison High School in Fresno, where he played high school football for the Edison Tigers. He was considered the second-best safety recruit in the nation by Rivals.com and Scout.com.

College career.

McDonald enrolled at the University of Southern California, where he played for the USC Trojans football team from 2009 to 2012. As a freshman in 2009, McDonald was a backup safety and special teamer, recording seven tackles in 13 games. In 2010, he took over as a starter and had a team leading 89 tackles, three interceptions and a quarterback sack. He was a second-team All-Pacific-10 Conference selection. After a successful junior season in 2011, McDonald was highly decorated with awards. He was a first-team All-Pac-12 selection and received first-team All-American honors from "Pro Football Weekly" and "The Sporting News".  As a senior, he enjoyed the best season of his career in 2012, leading the team with 112 tackles, including 7.0 for loss, a sack, and two interceptions, and was named second-team All-Pac-12.

Professional career.

St. Louis/Los Angeles Rams.

The St. Louis Rams selected McDonald in the third round (71st overall) of the 2013 NFL Draft. He was the sixth safety selected in 2013.

2013.

On June 14, 2013, the St. Louis Rams signed McDonald to a four-year, $3.79 million contract that includes a signing bonus of $679,740. McDonald entered training camp slated as the starting free safety. Head coach Jeff Fisher named him the starting free safety to start the regular season, alongside strong safety Darian Stewart.  He made his professional regular season debut in the St. Louis Rams' season-opener against the Arizona Cardinals and recorded five combined tackles and a pass deflection in their 27–24 victory. On September 26, 2013, McDonald recorded three combined tackles before exiting the Rams' 35–11 loss to the San Francisco 49ers after slightly fracturing his right leg. On September 27, 2013, the St. Louis Rams placed McDonald on injured reserve with a designation to return list. The injury sidelined him for six games (Weeks 5–10) and he would return to practice on November 21, 2013. He returned in Week 12 and made six combined tackles during a 42–22 win against the Chicago Bears. In Week 14, he collected a season-high eight combined tackles in the Rams' 30–10 loss at the Arizona Cardinals. On December 15, 2013, McDonald recorded five combined tackles, deflected a pass, and made his first career interception during a 27–16 victory at the New Orleans Saints in Week 15. He made his first career interception off a pass by Drew Brees that was originally intended for tight end Jimmy Graham on the Saints' first offensive play of the game. The following week, McDonald recorded six solo tackles and made his first career sack on quarterback Mike Glennon during a 23–13 win against the Tampa Bay Buccaneers in Week 16. McDonald finished his rookie season in with 53 combined tackles (45 solo), four pass deflections, a sack, and an interception in ten games and ten starts.

2014.

McDonald entered training camp slated as the starting strong safety after Darian Stewart departed during free agency. Defensive coordinator Gregg Williams opted to move him to strong safety as McDonald was better suited for the position over Rodney McLeod. Head coach Jeff Fisher officially named McLeod and McDonald the starting safeties to begin the season.  In Week 5, he collected a season-high 11 combined tackles (ten solo) and broke up a pass during a 34–28 loss at the Philadelphia Eagles. On December 7, 2014, McDonald made four tackles and intercepted a pass by Robert Griffin III in the Rams' 24–0 victory at the Washington Redskins in Week 14. In Week 16, he tied his season-high of 11 combined tackles (nine solo) and sacked quarterback Eli Manning during a 37–27 loss to the New York Giants. He finished his second season with a career-high 105 combined tackles (84 solo), six pass deflections, two sacks, and an interception in 16 games and 16 starts.

2015.

McDonald and McLeod entered training camp slated as the starting safeties. Head coach Jeff Fisher officially named them the starting duo to begin the season.  On September 27, 2015, McDonald collected a season-high eight combined tackles in the Rams' 12–6 loss to the Pittsburgh Steelers in Week 3. The following week, he recorded six combined tackles and a sack during a 24–22 win at the Arizona Cardinals in Week 4. He was inactive during the Rams' Week 9 loss at the Minnesota Vikings after injuring his foot the previous week. On December 9, 2015, the St. Louis Rams placed McDonald on injured reserve due to a shoulder injury that would require surgery. Head coach Jeff Fisher stated McDonald had been dealing with the injury throughout the entire season and was placed on injured reserve for his best interest of his sustained health for the future. He finished the season with 63 combined tackles (39 solo), a pass deflection, and a sack in 11 games and 11 starts.

2016.

The St. Louis Rams moved back to Los Angeles in 2016 after 21 seasons in St. Louis. Head coach Jeff Fisher retained McDonald as the starting strong safety to begin the regular season, along with free safety Maurice Alexander.  In Week 3, McDonald recorded three solo tackles and sacked quarterback Jameis Winston during a 37–32 victory at the Tampa Bay Buccaneers. The following week, he made one tackle, two pass deflections, and intercepted a pass by Carson Palmer during a 17–13 victory at the Arizona Cardinals in Week 4. On November 27, 2016, McDonald recorded a season-high seven solo tackles during a 49–21 loss at the New Orleans Saints in Week 12. On December 12, 2016, Los Angeles Rams' general manager Les Snead fired head coach Jeff Fisher and named special teams coordinator John Fassel the interim head coach for the last three games of the regular season. The Rams stood at 4–9 at the time and suffered a 42–14 home loss to the Atlanta Falcons the previous day. On January 1, 2017, he made five combined tackles, broke up a pass, and made an interception during the Rams' 44–6 loss to the Arizona Cardinals in Week 17. He finished his last season with the Rams with 64 combined tackles (50 solo), six pass deflections, a career-high two interceptions, and a sack in 16 games and 16 starts. He earned the 58th highest overall grade from Pro Football Focus, among the 89 qualifying safeties.

2017.

On March 29, 2017, it was reported that McDonald received an eight-game suspension for violating the league's substance abuse policy. The suspension was in relation to his arrest the previous year (see personal life). He also attended a meeting with the Miami Dolphins on the same day he received his suspension.

Miami Dolphins.

On March 31, 2017, the Miami Dolphins signed McDonald to a one-year, $1.34 million contract. During training camp, McDonald competed against Nate Allen to be the starting free safety. Head coach Adam Gase named McDonald the starting free safety for the regular season, along with strong safety Reshad Jones. Nate Allen was named his replacement while he served his eight-game suspension.  On September 2, 2017, the Miami Dolphins signed McDonald to a four-year, $24 million contract extension with $10 million guaranteed and a signing bonus of $4.76 million.  In Week 10, he made his regular season debut as a member of the Miami Dolphins and collected a season-high nine combined tackles in their 45–21 loss at the Carolina Panthers. On December 3, 2017, McDonald recorded three combined tackles, a pass deflection, and an interception in the Dolphins' 35–9 victory against the Denver Broncos in Week 13. He finished the season with 45 combined tackles (31 solo), three pass deflections, and an interception in eight games and eight starts. Pro Football Focus gave McDonald an overall grade of 74.3, ranking him 59th among all qualifying safeties in 2017.

2018.

In 2018, McDonald started 14 games, recording 86 tackles, five passes defensed, and a career-high three interceptions.  On August 25, 2019, McDonald was released by the Dolphins.

Personal life.

McDonald's father, Tim, also attended USC and played 13 years in the NFL. His brother, Tevin, briefly played for the Oakland Raiders in 2015.  On May 10, 2016, McDonald was arrested for DUI, and was charged on September 15, 2016. In January 2017, he pleaded guilty for his DUI along with possession of drugs. In the aftermath, McDonald was fined $390, received 36 months of probation, and was ordered to undergo 200 hours of community service in addition to attending a three-month alcohol program along with 18 narcotic anonymous classes. On March 29, 2017, while a free agent, McDonald was suspended for the first eight games of the 2017 season for violating the league's personal conduct policy, regarding his previous DUI charge.

Timothy "T. J." McDonald, Jr. (born January 26, 1991) is an American football safety who is a free agent. He was drafted by the St. Louis Rams in the third round of the 2013 NFL Draft. He played college football at USC.


History.

The town is named after Kiowa Chief Satanta.  The first post office in Satanta was established in October 1912.

Geography.

Satanta is located at (37.436602, -100.987509). According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of, all of it land.

Climate.

According to the Köppen Climate Classification system, Satanta has a semi-arid climate, abbreviated "BSk" on climate maps.

Demographics.

2010 census.

As of the census of 2010, there were 1,133 people, 424 households, and 294 families residing in the city. The population density was. There were 460 housing units at an average density of. The racial makeup of the city was 81.6% White, 0.8% African American, 0.7% Native American, 0.8% Asian, 12.8% from other races, and 3.3% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 35.1% of the population.  There were 424 households of which 35.1% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 59.4% were married couples living together, 6.6% had a female householder with no husband present, 3.3% had a male householder with no wife present, and 30.7% were non-families. 27.4% of all households were made up of individuals and 11.4% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.60 and the average family size was 3.19.  The median age in the city was 37 years. 29% of residents were under the age of 18; 7% were between the ages of 18 and 24; 22.2% were from 25 to 44; 26.9% were from 45 to 64; and 14.7% were 65 years of age or older. The gender makeup of the city was 49.2% male and 50.8% female.

2000 census.

As of the census of 2000, there were 1,239 people, 431 households, and 324 families residing in the city. The population density was 2,664.4 people per square mile (1,017.8/km2). There were 470 housing units at an average density of 1,010.7 per square mile (386.1/km2). The racial makeup of the city was 82.57% White, 0.40% African American, 0.65% Native American, 0.97% Asian, 12.91% from other races, and 2.50% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 29.94% of the population.  There were 431 households out of which 40.4% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 66.4% were married couples living together, 7.0% had a female householder with no husband present, and 24.8% were non-families. 22.3% of all households were made up of individuals and 8.8% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.80 and the average family size was 3.33.  In the city, the population was spread out with 31.3% under the age of 18, 7.4% from 18 to 24, 27.4% from 25 to 44, 20.6% from 45 to 64, and 13.2% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 34 years. For every 100 females, there were 100.2 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 95.2 males.  The median income for a household in the city was $35,139, and the median income for a family was $41,750. Males had a median income of $30,846 versus $19,875 for females. The per capita income for the city was $15,392. About 9.9% of families and 13.4% of the population were below the poverty line, including 12.5% of those under age 18 and 17.9% of those age 65 or over.

Education.

Satanta is a part of USD 507.  The Satanta Indians won the Kansas State High School boys class B Track & Field championship in 1958.

Satanta is a city in Haskell County, Kansas, United States. As of the 2010 census, the city population was 1,133. Every year there is a celebration of Satanta's Indian heritage called Satanta Day.


Overview.

Bramshaw is a village and civil parish in the New Forest National Park. It includes large tracts of land owned by the National Trust, and Crown Land administered by the Forestry Commission. It is located some 10 miles west of Southampton. The parish contains the hamlets of Brook and Fritham.  Bramshaw Commons, owned by the National Trust, comprise some of manorial wastes and commons. It is some of the best surviving example of lowland heath in Europe, still managed by the common grazing of ponies, pigs, donkeys, cattle and sheep. The parish also contains the highest point in the New Forest at Pipers Wait, some 129 metres above mean sea level. The site of a 14th-century Royal Hunting Lodge ("Studley Castle"), can be seen nearby. The site of a former stocks and gallows can be seen at Stocks Cross, at the intersection of Furzley Lane and the B3079. The gallows were still in use in 1831, when records show that they were repaired.  The Admiralty Shutter Telegraph Line had a station at Telegraph Hill, near Bramshaw. It was an optical shutter signal station used as a communication link for the Admiralty during the Napoleonic Wars.

History.

Bramshaw appears twice in the Domesday Book for Wiltshire, when the lands were held by Wulfnoth and a certain Edmund. Odo of Bayeux was overlord of these lands in Bramshaw at the time of the Survey. The name Bramshaw probably derives from an Old English word for "bramble bush wood." It may be that it is Bramshaw being referred to in 1418 in a legal record, (appearing as "Bremelelsthaw").  The manor of Bramshaw, together with that of Britford, appears to have been granted by one of the Norman kings to the family of de Lacy sometime during the 12th century. In the 15th century it was sold to Robert Lord Hungerford. It switched hands during the Wars of the Roses, but in 1485 it was back in the hands of Hungerford family, being awarded to Mary Hungerford, wife of Sir Edward Hastings. Their grandson, the third Earl, sold the manor of Bramshaw (which from this time seems to have been also known as "Moore Closes") in 1561. It was sold several times in the next 150 years, until it was purchased in 1713 by Richard Paulet, in whose family the manor remained until 1887.  Saint Peter's church belonged at an early date to the Premonstratensian priory of Britford. In 1158, however, Henry II granted the church to Salisbury cathedral, when it was appropriated to the resident canons, and from that date the patronage was in the hands of the Dean and chapter of Salisbury. The current church dates from the 13th century, albeit with many later additions. The earliest part of the church is the west end of the nave, which is of mid-13th-century date, and there is a cambered beam roof of late 15th century date. Much of rest of the church, including the chancel and vestry, are of 19th century construction.  Bramshaw was partly in Wiltshire and partly in Hampshire until the "County of Southampton Act 1894" placed it all into Hampshire. The county boundary ran through the churchyard, and through the church, which had its nave in Wiltshire and its chancel in Hampshire. There were separate parish councils, one for Bramshaw (Hampshire) and one for Bramshaw (Wiltshire), which survived as Bramshaw (West) and Bramshaw (East) until 1932 when they were unified.  Bramshaw village school was founded in 1812 and closed in July 1977. Through those 165 years it served the children of Bramshaw and nearby hamlets in the New Forest, Brook, Fritham and Furzley. Children passed through Bramshaw School, usually on their way to labouring and servant jobs in the forest and on the estates.  The school began life as a Boys' School, registered as a National School in 1812 with the Girls' and Infants' School being registered in 1819. At that time it was described as 'privately owned', only being registered as a Public Elementary School in 1851 when it began to be supported with government funding. George Eyre (1772-1837), owner of the local Warrens Estate. founded the school, 'demonstrating a paternalistic attitude to the labourers and their children, while providing a picturesque addition to the village scene'. The school remained connected to the Eyre family until the death of the then Mrs Eyre in 1933. After the 1944 Education Act introduced the eleven plus examination, older boys and girls moved to a new Secondary Modern School at Bartley, leaving two classes of 5 to 7 and 7 to 11 year-olds. When the school in 1977 5 to 8+ year olds went to Copythorne First School while children from 8+ to 12+ went to Bartley Middle School. The school building has become a private dwelling.

Bramshaw is a small village and civil parish in Hampshire, England. It lies just inside the New Forest. The name Bramshaw means Bramble Wood. Until 1895, Bramshaw was divided into two parts, one half in Wiltshire, and one half in Hampshire. The village of Bramshaw is stretched out for several miles along the B3079 road, with the church to the north, the hamlet of Brook to the south and Stock's Cross at its centre.


History.

Cheney was founded in August, 1883. It was named for Benjamin P. Cheney, stockholder of the Atchison, Topeka and Santa Fe Railway.  Cheney was a station and shipping point on the Wichita & Pratt division of the Atchison, Topeka and Santa Fe Railway.  The first post office in Cheney was established in September 1883.

Geography.

Cheney is located approximately 22 miles west of the outskirts of Wichita. According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of, all of it land.

Climate.

The climate in this area is characterized by hot, humid summers and generally mild to cool winters. According to the Köppen Climate Classification system, Cheney has a humid subtropical climate, abbreviated "Cfa" on climate maps.

Demographics.

2010 census.

As of the census of 2010, there were 2,094 people, 773 households, and 563 families residing in the city. The population density was. There were 830 housing units at an average density of. The racial makeup of the city was 97.3% White, 0.3% African American, 0.5% Native American, 0.5% from other races, and 1.3% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 2.5% of the population.  There were 773 households of which 40.6% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 55.5% were married couples living together, 11.3% had a female householder with no husband present, 6.1% had a male householder with no wife present, and 27.2% were non-families. 24.3% of all households were made up of individuals and 12% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.64 and the average family size was 3.12.  The median age in the city was 35.6 years. 30.8% of residents were under the age of 18; 6.5% were between the ages of 18 and 24; 25.6% were from 25 to 44; 22.7% were from 45 to 64; and 14.3% were 65 years of age or older. The gender makeup of the city was 48.3% male and 51.7% female.

2000 census.

As of the census of 2000, there were 1,783 people, 664 households, and 476 families residing in the city. The population density was 1,254.2 people per square mile (484.8/km2). There were 689 housing units at an average density of 484.7 per square mile (187.3/km2). The racial makeup of the city was 97.76% White, 0.67% Native American, 0.22% from other races, and 1.35% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 1.29% of the population.  There were 664 households out of which 40.7% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 61.0% were married couples living together, 7.5% had a female householder with no husband present, and 28.3% were non-families. 26.4% of all households were made up of individuals and 13.4% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.60 and the average family size was 3.17.  In the city, the population was spread out with 31.1% under the age of 18, 6.1% from 18 to 24, 29.5% from 25 to 44, 17.5% from 45 to 64, and 15.8% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 36 years. For every 100 females, there were 93.8 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 88.6 males.  The median income for a household in the city was $45,221, and the median income for a family was $51,591. Males had a median income of $40,313 versus $24,896 for females. The per capita income for the city was $18,783. About 0.6% of families and 2.0% of the population were below the poverty line, including 1.1% of those under age 18 and 1.6% of those age 65 or over.

Education.

The community is served by Cheney USD 268 public school district, which operates three separate schools: Private schools  The Cheney Cardinals have won the following Kansas State High School Championships:

Cheney is a city in Sedgwick County, Kansas, United States. As of the 2010 census, the city population was 2,094.


Protoplanetary disk.

The protoplanetary disk around PDS 70 was first hypothesized in 1992 and confirmed in 2006 along with a jet-like structure. The disk has a radius of approximately. In 2012 a large gap (~) in the disk was discovered, which was thought to be caused by planetary formation.  The gap was later found to have multiple regions: large dust grains were absent out to 80 au, while small dust grains were only absent out to the previously-observed. There is an asymmetry in the overall shape of the gap; these factors indicate that there are likely multiple planets affecting the shape of the gap and the dust distribution.  In results published in 2018, a planet in the disk, named PDS 70b, was imaged by the Very Large Telescope (VLT). With a mass estimated to be a few times greater than Jupiter, the planet is thought to have a temperature of around and an atmosphere with clouds; its orbit has an approximate radius of, taking around 120 years for a revolution. Modelling predicts that the planet has acquired its own accretion disk. The accretion disk was observationally confirmed in 2019, and accretion rate was measured to be at least 5*10 Jupiter masses per year.  A second planet, named PDS 70c, was discovered in 2019 using the VLT's MUSE integral field spectrograph. The planet orbits its host star at a distance of, further away than PDS 70b. PDS 70c is in a near 1:2 orbital resonance with PDS 70b, meaning that PDS 70c completes nearly one revolution once every time PDS 70b completes nearly two.

Circumplanetary disk.

In July 2019 astronomers using the Atacama Large Millimeter Array (ALMA) reported the first-ever detection of a moon-forming circumplanetary disk. The disk was detected around PDS 70c, with a potential disk observed around PDS 70b. The disk was confirmed by Caltech-led researchers using the W. M. Keck Observatory in Mauna Kea, whose research was published in May 2020.

PDS 70 (V1032 Centauri) is a low-mass T Tauri star in the constellation Centaurus. Located approximately 370 light-years from Earth, it has a mass of, and is approximately 10 million years old. The star has a protoplanetary disk containing two nascent exoplanets, named PDS 70b and PDS 70c, which have been directly imaged by the European Southern Observatory's Very Large Telescope. PDS 70b was the first confirmed protoplanet to be directly imaged.


Career.

Monger first got behind the wheel of a vehicle at the age of three, when his father, a former kart racer, bought him his first go-kart. In 2016, Monger joined the F4 British Championship with JHR Developments. There he took three podiums and finished 12th in the championship. He remained with the team for the 2017 season. On 16 April 2017, Monger was involved in a high-speed crash at the Donington race where he crashed at high speed into the back of Finnish driver Patrik Pasma; as a result he had the both of his legs amputated. His left leg was amputated high above the knee, leaving him with a short stump of his thigh. His right leg is longer, being amputated below the knee, and this longer stump enables him to drive modified cars. A JustGiving page was set up by his team JHR Developments to raise money for Monger, raising over £500,000 in the first 24 hours. A number of F1 drivers have shown their support towards Monger, including Jenson Button, Lewis Hamilton, Max Verstappen, Daniel Ricciardo, Jolyon Palmer and Nico Hülkenberg.  In June 2017, it was announced that Monger would return to competition in November, sharing a Group CN Ligier JS53 Evo 2-Honda with quadruple amputee Frédéric Sausset in a round of the V de V Challenge Endurance Proto at the Autódromo do Estoril in Portugal, as part of a programme with the eventual aim of fielding a team of three disabled drivers at the 2020 Le Mans 24 Hours. In July 2017, Monger made his return to the track when he tested a Fun Cup race car adapted with additional hand controls by disabled motorsport specialists Team BRIT at Brands Hatch, where he regained his race license.  In February 2018, Monger drove a single seater racing car for the first time since his crash when he tested a BRDC British Formula 3 car for the Carlin team at Oulton Park. The following month Monger confirmed that he would be racing for Carlin in the opening meeting of the 2018 BRDC Formula 3 series at the same venue. In order to compete in F3, he and his family had to appeal to the sport's international governing body, the Fédération Internationale de l'Automobile, to change their regulations, as they had restricted disabled drivers from racing single seaters on the grounds of safety: the FIA decided to lift the ban in December 2017, allowing disabled drivers to race appropriately-modified single seaters as long as they could pass safety checks. He finished third at Oulton Park in a car adapted for him: the modifications included moving the brake pedal upwards so he could brake using one of his leg stumps, and replacing the throttle pedal with a lever mounted on the steering wheel.  In June 2018, Monger drove a Formula 1 racing car for the first time when he tested a Sauber C30 at the Rockingham Motor Speedway in Corby. The car had been specially converted to match the hand controls present in the Carlin BRDC British Formula 3 car he races. A documentary feature about Monger's first Formula 1 drive was shown as part of Sky F1's coverage of the 2018 Austrian Grand Prix. Another documentary about Monger's career, "Driven: The Billy Monger Story", was produced by the BBC and released via BBC Three in November 2018.

Billy Monger (born 5 May 1999) is a British racing driver who raced in British F4 in 2016 and 2017. He is also referred to by the nickname "Billy Whizz". In April 2017, he was critically injured when he was involved in a collision at Donington Park. Both of his legs were amputated, one below the knee and one above. Prior to that he was heavily involved in kart racing all over the UK and the Channel Islands, and then a successful Ginetta Junior racer.


Legal status of the child.

According to the Law on the Rights of the Child and the Family Code of Azerbaijan, when a child’s rights and interests are violated, including failure of parents in their responsibilities in a child’s education and upbringing, the child has the right to apply to a number of judicial state bodies, as well as the courts. A child can apply individually or through their representatives depending on the right that has been violated and the corresponding procedural rules thereof.  One department of the State Committee for Family, Woman and Child issues that was established at the presidential decree dated on 6 February 2006, deals with problems in this context. The Committee holds responsibility for protecting children, developing their welfare, providing their rights and freedoms as well as coordination of state policy in this sphere. It conducts regular monitoring in state-controlled institutions, investigates applications made by citizens, organizes acknowledging campaigns, training and events for experts and children, etc.  The Azerbaijani Government and this Committee cooperate with international institutions in a related-field. Furthermore, Azerbaijan closely cooperates with UNICEF in the field of education, health and other social issues such as children with disabilities, street children, and preventing violence against children, early marriages, child mortality, and preschool education.

In 1992, the UN Convention on the “Rights of the Child” was ratified in Azerbaijan and eight years later, its two Optional Protocols were ratified, including “Involvement of children in armed conflicts” and “Sale of children, child prostitution and child pornography”.  Azerbaijan adopted the United Nations Standard Minimum Rules for the Administration of Juvenile Justice in 1993, the Convention on Consent to Marriage, Minimum Age for Marriage and Registration of Marriages in 1996, the European Social Charter in 2004, and the Convention on Elimination of Discrimination in Education Sphere in 2006.  The Government provides the UN Committee on the Rights of the Child (UNHCR) with periodic reports for the implementation of Convention and its two Optional Protocols. In addition, Azerbaijan is a side to the Universal Declaration on “Survival, protection and development of children”. A number of national legislative acts have been confirmed in the “on protection of child rights’ as well.

Legal status of the Convention on the Rights of the Child (CRC).

The CRC is incorporated into national law. In addition, Azerbaijan released the Law on the Rights of the Child harmonizing its legislation with the principles stated in the CRC in 1998. However, the Committee on the Rights of the Child empathized a number of areas of national law which are needed to be reformed in order to be in keeping with the Convention.

UNICEF.

UNICEF has been operating in Azerbaijan since 1993. The main aims of the program include establishing a protective environment for all children without making any discrimination. The protection of children against violence, exploitation, abuse and discrimination is a global priority for UNICEF. In Azerbaijan, the principles of the Convention on the Rights of the Child and the Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination against Women manage the program.  UNICEF accepts survival, protection and development of children as a basis for human progress. In addition, children and families from developing countries get services from UNICEF which it uses political will and material resources to assist the developing countries to guarantee a “first call for children” and to form their capacity to develop relevant policies. Furthermore, the organization focuses on providing special protection for the most disadvantaged children- victims of war, disasters, extreme poverty, all forms of violence and exploitation and those with disabilities. Moreover, it cooperates with United Nations partners and humanitarian agencies to rapidly respond to the issues of children’s rights. In this regard, UNICEF started a project based on children in conflict with the law in 2005. The aims of project include raising awareness of policemen, judges and care/security personnel on human rights of children with the law and establishing proper referral system to help children in the contact with the law enforcement and justice environments. In terms of the project, the organization took actions below:  Action on Integration of Children with Disabilities: UNICEF aims to change attitudes towards children with disabilities in Azerbaijan through reforming home education and reviewing data collection.  Action on Street Children: UNICEF targets improvement of community-based social services for children and working in the streets by working with child protection authorities and NGOs.  Action on Mine Risk Education: In order to enlighten children about possible mine /UXO explosions, UNICEF is working with local partners to add Mine Risk Education in the school curriculum in frontline districts.

United Aid for Azerbaijan – UAFA.

In 1998, United Aid for Azerbaijan (UAFA) was founded aiming to ‘aid long-term development of life in Azerbaijan, with particular focus on children, health and education’. UAFA operates as a local NGO in Azerbaijan though registered in the UK. Pilot projects were introduced by UAFA in cooperation with state bodies to support children with disabilities and their families, bring pre-school services to children from low-income families and establish small teams of social workers in regions where disability, poverty and location threaten the stability of a family.

International Day of Children’s Protection.

Azerbaijan celebrates the International Day of Children’s Protection on June 1. Azerbaijan prioritizes a protection of children. In this regard, the actions regarding the development of living conditions, health, education and future employment of children were covered in the State Program of the Republic of Azerbaijan on Child Policy. Furthermore, a special focus was given to the organization of a range of events on children from vulnerable groups, such as children deprived of parental care, with disabilities, from national minorities, as well as refugee and IDP children.  In addition, Heydar Aliyev Foundation, founded in May 2004, implements a number of projects on the development of childcare institutions’ infrastructure, providing funding for the renovation of orphanages and boarding schools and construction of nursery schools and kindergartens. Besides, the foundation deals with the implementation of the projects directed towards the social integration of children, who have lost their parents and who are brought up in orphanages, as well as of people with disabilities. In regard with the framework of the program titled “Development of children's houses and orphanages”, the Foundation has restored and equipped 34 children’s institutions.

See also.

Children of Azerbaijan  Rights of Children  AZERBAIJAN: CHILDREN'S RIGHTS REFERENCES IN THE UNIVERSAL PERIODIC REVIEW  UNICEF in Azerbaijan  Labour rights in Azerbaijan

Protection of children’s rights is guaranteed by the Constitution of the Republic of Azerbaijan and a number of other laws. Children’s rights embrace legal, social and other issues concerning children.


State Committee for Family, Women and Children Affairs (Azerbaijan)

History.

On January 14, 1998 the State Committee on Women’s Affairs was established by Presidential Decree. On February 6, 2006 committee expanded with additional duties for solution of problems of families and children thus being re-established as the State Committee for Family, Women and Children Affairs. Since its inception, the committees has promoted independence of women in civil societies in terms of earning for living and functioning while the lead family providers are away.

Structure.

In close cooperation with NGO Alliance for Children Rights, the committee has worked on combating domestic violence in the democratic society, an education campaign conducted among the children needed in special care for prevention of violence, suicide attempts, human trafficking, children crimes, exploitation of children labor, early marriages, harmful habits, as well as for getting the religious knowledge'.

Activity of the Committee.

Support centers for families and children were established in Mingachevir, Goranboy and Shuvalan with the financial support of the US Agency for International Development (USAID). At the center, young boys and girls are educated about health; they develop social communication skills and life skills. To date, thousands of children, young people and parents have been serving in all centers.  The State Program on the Delivering Children from Children's State Institutions to Children (De-institutionalization) and Alternative Care State in Azerbaijan was approved by presidential decree No. 1386 dated March 29, 2006.  Juvenile justice reform is supported by the UNICEF office in Baku. Adaptation of refugee children to society and improvement of their well-being are the third priority direction in the field of child protection.

Events.

Within the framework of the 15th anniversary of the establishment of the Commonwealth of Independent States, a catalog dedicated to prominent women of Azerbaijan was published.  The First International Festival "Women's World: Beauty and Health" was organized by the State Committee for Family, Women and Children Affairs, Ministry of Youth and Sports and the Ministry of Health on October 6–7 in the Palace of Hand Games.  On October 13, the "Azerbaijan" hall of the European hotel hosted the Republican Conference "Development of women entrepreneurship in Azerbaijan: strategy and perspectives".  On June 19 and 20, 2006, Spain hosted the 3rd International Conference on the Problem of Creating a Favorable Environment for Children in Europe and Central Asia. The representatives of the Committee took part in that conference.  State Committee for Family, Women and Children Affairs of Azerbaijan attended “Changes in Parentage: Children Today – Parents Tomorrow” the 28th session of the Conference of the European Ministers responsible for family affairs, (Lisbon, 16–17 May 2006) and the 6th Conference of Ministers of Council of Europe for women and men equality which was held in Stockholm, Sweden on 8–9 June 2006. The subject of the conference was “Human rights and economic calls in Europe – gender equality”.

International relations.

Twinning projects.

The Twinning project was designed by the European Commission and started in the context of the European Union's (EU) expansion in 1998. This has been recognized as a means of administrative cooperation key to assist candidate countries as future members of the European Union to strengthen the capacity of the Union's legislation. This opportunity has also been opened for countries which gained independence in recent years and the southern region of the Mediterranean. These countries are instruments of implementing action plans for the European Neighborhood Policy.  France was selected to implement the project together with the SCFWCA. Entities involved in the project from the French Republic are General Directorate for Social Cohesion, a part of Solidarity and Social Union.  This project was designed to achieve the results determined by the EAPC, EU Delegation and France partners. The main goal of the project was to promote and protect the rights of vulnerable families, women and children. The project had set a goal for 4 components such as legislation, Institutional development of SCFWCA, training and professional development, increasing awareness.  The project was managed by Mrs. Hijran Huseynova, Chairman of the State Committee on Family, Women and Children Affairs and Mrs. Marie Keirle, Head of the Department for European and International Affairs of General Directorate for Social Affairs. More than 40 experts from France and Europe have been involved in the project.

The State Committee for Family, Women and Children Affairs of Azerbaijan Republic () is a governmental agency within the Cabinet of Azerbaijan in charge of regulation of activities for protection of rights of women and children and overseeing activities of non-governmental organizations involved in family in Azerbaijan Republic. The ministry is headed by Bahar Muradova.


History.

Deer Park was founded in 1892 by Simeon H. West, a farmer, retired legislator, and much-traveled adventurer from Illinois. He named the town for the large number of deer that roamed the Gulf plains. A railroad station opened later that year and a post office followed in 1893.  The subdivision was established in 1893 and was the site of a Galveston, Harrisburg and San Antonio Railway station by about 1894. A Deer Park post office was established in 1893, discontinued in 1919, and reestablished in 1930. In 1896, the community, with a population of forty, had a hotel, a general store, and three resident carpenters. By 1922 Deer Park had dwindled down to almost nothing with four houses, one little schoolhouse, and an old hotel with a few scattered shacks along the railroad right-of-way. 1928 brought in Shell Oil Company breaking ground on a new refinery. In the 1930s, an independent school district was established. By 1940, the population had grown to 100. By 1946, however, the area began to flourish as Deer Park became the site of refineries and toluene plants for the production of TNT.  The citizens of Deer Park voted to incorporate on December 12, 1948, and a few weeks later Earl E. Dunn became the first mayor. Because of the 1948 incorporation, Houston did not incorporate Deer Park's territory into its city limits. The first city council meeting was held on February 7, 1949. The population had grown to 700 by 1948, to 5,000 by 1960 with a fire station, city hall, playground parks and an independent city water supply. A public library was begun in 1962. Population was 12,773 in 1970, and 28,520 in 2000. This growth has been fueled by the growth of the petrochemical industry as well as the growth of business along the Houston Ship Channel. Deer Park has a school district with 14 campuses, a city library, community theater, municipal court building, three fire stations, numerous city parks and recreational facilities, state-of-the-art water and sewer processing facilities, a post office, several hotels, 14 major industries as well as several light industrial companies. Today, Deer Park has approximately 9,000 homes and more than 30,000 residents.  It is near the site of the Battle of San Jacinto, where, on April 21, 1836, Texas won its independence from Mexico. Because the initial surrender treaty after the battle was signed in Dr. George Moffitt Patrick's cabin, Deer Park bills itself as the "Birthplace of Texas". The original cabin was located on Buffalo Bayou where Rohm and Haas now has a chemical plant in Deer Park. A replica of Dr. Patrick's cabin is in front of the Theatre/Courts Building on Center Street.

Shell Chemical plant explosion.

On June 22, 1997, an ethylene explosion occurred at the nearby Shell Chemical Company plant that was heard and felt as far as away. While no evacuation of the city was ordered, residents living within a mile west of the plant were advised to remain inside their homes.

Geography.

Deer Park is located in southeastern Harris County at (29.692003, -95.118108). According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of, of which are land and, or 0.62%, are water.  Deer Park is bounded by the city of Pasadena to the south and west, by the city of La Porte to the south and east, and by the Houston Ship Channel—the dredged-out Buffalo Bayou—to the north.

Demographics.

As of the census of 2000, there were 28,520 people, 9,615 households, and 7,941 families residing in the city. The population density was 2,752.7 people per square mile (1,062.9/km2). There were 9,921 housing units at an average density of 957.6 per square mile (369.7/km2). The racial makeup of the city was 90.01% White, 1.31% African American, 0.41% Native American, 1.13% Asian, 0.13% Pacific Islander, 5.25% from other races, and 1.76% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 15.22% of the population.  There were 9,615 households out of which 43.6% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 66.8% were married couples living together, 11.5% had a female householder with no husband present, and 17.4% were non-families. 14.0% of all households were made up of individuals and 4.2% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.93 and the average family size was 3.23.  In the city, the population was spread out with 29.0% under the age of 18, 9.4% from 18 to 24, 30.3% from 25 to 44, 23.9% from 45 to 64, and 7.4% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 35 years. For every 100 females, there were 98.7 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 96.2 males.  The median income for a household in the city was $61,334, and the median income for a family was $66,516. Males had a median income of $50,867 versus $30,926 for females. The per capita income for the city was $24,440. About 4.0% of families and 5.6% of the population were below the poverty line, including 5.4% of those under age 18 and 4.9% of those age 65 or over.

Government.

The Deer Park Post Office is located at 200 East San Augustine Street.

Electoral districts.

United States Congressional District  Texas State Senate Districts  Texas State House Districts

Education.

Primary and secondary education.

Public schools.

Most Deer Park pupils attend schools in Deer Park Independent School District. Some attend school in the La Porte Independent School District.  Deer Park High School serves the DPISD portion. La Porte High School serves the LPISD portion. Deer Park has 4 junior high schools, Deer Park Junior High, Bonnette Junior High, Fairmont Junior High and Deepwater Junior High. There are 7 elementary schools that serve the area as well. Deer Park ISD has an open enrollment program that allows students that do not reside within the boundaries of DPISD to attend DPISD Schools. LPISD has two elementary schools in Deer Park: College Park Elementary and Heritage Elementary.  Colleges  Deer Park is also served by the San Jacinto College District, Central Campus.

Public libraries.

The city operates the Deer Park Library at 3009 Center Street.

Climate.

The climate in this area is characterized by hot, humid summers and generally mild to cool winters. According to the Köppen Climate Classification system, Deer Park has a humid subtropical climate, abbreviated "Cfa" on climate maps.

Deer Park is a city in the U.S. state of Texas within the Houston–Sugar Land–Baytown metropolitan area. The city is located in Harris County and is situated in Southeast Texas. As of the 2010 U.S. Census, the population of Deer Park was 32,010.


Background and recording.

Brown started working on and recording tracks for the album a few weeks before the release of "Royalty", his seventh studio album, in late 2015. He continued working on the album during 2016 and 2017, also during both tours, One Hell of a Nite Tour and The Party Tour. Brown also built a recording studio inside of his home to record several songs for the album. Brown said about the album that he wanted to outdo expectations, explaining the concept for the album during an interview for "Complex". saying:

Artwork.

The cover art for the album was announced on October 5, 2017. It consists of a pink moon with a graphic of an actual heart organ on top of it. The pink moon represents the themes of the album, which are predominantly dedicated to girls, in love, breakup and sex songs, while the blood-dripping human heart, with the blood that dripping becomes ink, represents the heartbroken feelings of the singer, that are poured into the lyrics of the majority of the album. The cover art for "Heartbreak on a Full Moon" is the first Brown's artwork where the singer does not appear directly.

Release and promotion.

On January 10, 2016 Brown had previewed 11 unreleased songs on his Periscope and Instagram profiles, showing him dancing and lip-synching these songs. Later in January, February and March 2016, he released videos on his Instagram profile where he was lip-synching snippets from the unreleased songs "Sirens", "Lost and Found", and "Dead Wrong". On April 27 through Twitter, he announced the release of a new single on May 5. On May 3 he revealed that the single would be "Grass Ain't Greener", showing its cover art and announcing it as the first single from "Heartbreak on a Full Moon". The single was released on May 5, 2016, the day of Brown's 27th birthday, but it was originally not included on the album's previous track listing then was re-included on the official tracklist as the last track when the album was available for pre-order.  In November and December 2016, he released videos on his Instagram profile where he was lip-synching snippets from other unreleased songs: "For Me", "Post & Delete", and "Yellow Tape".  On December 16, 2016, he released the second official single from the album, "Party", that features guest vocals from American R&B singer Usher and rapper Gucci Mane. On January 4, 2017 Brown had previewed two snippets on his Instagram profile from the songs "Privacy" and "Tell Me Baby", then in February announced that "Privacy" would have been released as the next single from "Heartbreak on a Full Moon". The single was released on March 24, 2017.  The initial track listing was announced by Brown on his Instagram account on May 2, 2017, saying that it would have been a double-disc album, and that it would have been released in June 2017. In the first days of June 2017 46 songs discarded from the album were leaked, most of them were unfinished versions while a few were demos.  In July 2017 he announced the pending release of upcoming singles from his album. Later on August 4, 2017, he released the album's fourth single "Pills & Automobiles", that features guest vocals from American trap artists Yo Gotti, A Boogie Wit Da Hoodie and Kodak Black. Then on August 14, 2017 he announced the release of the fifth official single from the album, "Questions", on August 16, announcing the album release date, saying that it would be released on October 31, 2017.  In the run up to the album's release, on October 5, 2017, Brown unveiled the official artwork on his Instagram profile, sharing a video with an animated cartoon-style visual of a blood-dripping human heart set against a pink full moon, with a snippet of the song "Heartbreak on a Full Moon" in the background.  On October 13, 2017 Brown released a promotional single "High End", that features guest vocals from American trap artists Future and Young Thug, announcing the final tracklist of the album. On October 25, 2017 Brown organized with Tidal a free pop-up concert in New York City to perform the singles on the album and promote it for his core fans.

Critical reception.

Andy Kellman of Allmusic characterized "Heartbreak on a Full Moon" as an "artistically conservative" album, and stated that its length is a "scheme to exploit the 'consumption'-oriented data that drives chart placements". Jenkins of Vulture.com said it is "one of the most ambitious albums of his era", with "60 minutes of forgettable tracks, but the rest is solid and way better than most of Chris Brown's past discography". Scott Glaysher of "HipHopDX" called the album "incredibly long", praising the productions on songs like "Lost & Found", "This Way" and "Frustrated", but calling "monotonous" the singles "Pills & Automobiles", and "Questions". Preezy of "The Boombox" described "Heartbreak on a Full Moon" as "a statement project that will go down among the most ambitious albums of its time". Zachary Hoskins of "Slant Magazine" said the songs were "largely unmemorable, blending together into a two-and-a-half-hour murk of mechanical beats and plaintive, occasionally AutoTuned vocals".

Commercial performance.

After selling 25,000 copies and earning 68,000 album-equivalent units within three days, "Heartbreak on a Full Moon" debuted at number three on the US "Billboard" 200, becoming Brown's ninth consecutive top 10 album on the chart. The album was Brown's seventh solo album to debut at number one on the "Billboard" Top R&B/Hip-Hop Albums chart. On November 8, 2017, "Heartbreak on a Full Moon" was certified gold by the Recording Industry Association of America for combined sales and album-equivalent units of over 500,000 units in the United States (in this case, 250,000 double album sets, which are double-counted by the RIAA). Brown became the first R&B male artist that went gold in a week since Usher's "Confessions" in 2004. In its second chart week, the album remained at number three on "Billboard 200", with 73,000 album-equivalent units. In Australia, it entered the ARIA Albums Chart at number five, becoming his first top ten in the nation since "X" in 2014. In the United Kingdom, the album debuted at number 10 on the UK Albums Chart, Brown's sixth non-consecutive top 10 album on the chart. The album was eventually certified Silver by the British Phonographic Industry (BPI) for sales of over 60,000 copies in the UK. In New Zealand, the album debuted at number three on the RMNZ Albums Chart, giving Brown his seventh top ten album on the chart. Until June 2018, the album has accumulated over 3 billion streams worldwide.  The good commercial performance of the album was based on the streaming, as explained by "Forbes"  By the end of 2017, the album has sold over 608,000 album-equivalent units in the US, with over 80,000 being pure sales, it finished as the country's 36th most overall consumed album of the year.  In 2018, "Heartbreak on a Full Moon" was ranked as the 28th most popular album of the year on the "Billboard" 200. With 25,000 copies sold and 618,000 album-equivalent units earned in the US throughout 2018, it finished as the country's 44th most overall consumed album of the year.

Tour.

On March 27, 2018, Chris Brown announced an official headlining concert tour to further promote the album titled "Heartbreak on a Full Moon" Tour. The tour began on June 19 in Auburn, at White River Amphitheatre. He was supported by 6lack, H.E.R., Rich the Kid, and Jacquees.

Track listing.

Production credits were adapted from RCA's official website.  Notes  Sample credits

Heartbreak on a Full Moon is the eighth studio album by American singer Chris Brown. The album is a double-disc, consisting of 45 tracks, and was released digitally October 31, 2017, and onto CD three days later by RCA Records.