Meteorological history.

On 1 April 2014, a broad, poorly-defined area of low pressure consolidated over the Solomon Islands. Initially only accompanied by flaring convection, the system persisted in a region of low wind shear and strong outflow which promoted gradual development. Upon formation, the Bureau of Meteorology (BoM) office in Brisbane monitored the system as a tropical low. Banding features gradually developed and wrapped around the circulation and deep convection became persistent by 2 April. A large central dense overcast developed over the low early on 3 April, prompting the Joint Typhoon Warning Center (JTWC) to issue a Tropical Cyclone Formation Alert.  After moving away from Papua New Guinea, Ita underwent explosive intensification and attained its peak intensity as a Category 5 severe tropical cyclone early on 11 April. Winds were estimated to have reached 220 km/h (140 mph) alongside a minimum central pressure of 922 mbar (hPa; 27.23 inHg). Turning to the south-southeast, the storm weakened somewhat before making landfall near Cape Flattery as a Category 4 later on 11 April. An automated weather station on Lizard Island, roughly from the storm's centre, recorded a pressure of 954 mbar (hPa; 28.17 inHg). Once onshore Ita weakened dramatically to a Category 1 within 18 hours. Maintaining gale-force winds the storm turned southwest and accelerated, eventually moving offshore north of Mackay on 13 April. The following day Ita transitioned into an extratropical cyclone as it moved away from Australia and towards New Zealand. Ita's extratropical remnants combined with a low pressure system to the south and re-intensified. On 17 April, the low-level circulation center of the storm collapsed, as Ita affected New Zealand, bringing heavy rainfall and powerful winds. On 18 April, Ita's remnants curved to the west and the south, before dissipating offshore of New Zealand later on the same day.

Preparations and impact.

Solomon Islands.

As the precursor tropical low to Cyclone Ita affected the Solomon Islands, local authorities issued heavy flood warnings, tropical disturbance and cyclone watches.  Nearly two days of continuous heavy rains from the storm caused flash flooding in the Solomon Islands. Over a four-day span, more than fell at the Gold Ridge mine in Guadalcanal, with falling in a 24‐hour span. The Matanikau River, which runs through the capital city Honiara, broke its banks on 3 April and devastated nearby communities. Thousands of homes along with the city's two main bridges were washed away, stranding numerous residents. The national hospital had to evacuate 500 patients to other facilities due to flooding. Graham Kenna from Save the Children stated that, "the scale of destruction is like something never seen before in the Solomon Islands." According to Permanent Secretary Melchoir Mataki, the majority of homes destroyed in Honiara were built on a flood plain where construction was not allowed.  Severe flooding took place on Guadalcanal.  Throughout the Solomon Islands, 22 people were killed while an estimated 50,000 people were affected by the floods. Approximately 9,000 were left homeless. Total economic losses from the disaster were tremendous, amounting to SI$787.3 million (US$107.8 million) or roughly 9.2 percent of the country's gross domestic product.

Papua New Guinea.

Ahead of Ita affecting Papua New Guinea, the National Weather Service issued tropical cyclone warnings for all island and coastal communities in Milne Bay Province. The NWS also urged people in the East and West New Britain provinces, New Ireland and Bougainville, the southeast sector of the Solomon Sea and North Coral Sea areas to take precautions. All schools and businesses were closed for several days in Milne Bay while residents were urged to remain indoors.  The storm brought unusually heavy rains and strong winds to Milne Bay Province and the National Capital District. The hardest hit areas were the islands of Rossell, Misima, Samarai, Woodlark, Sau, and Vanatinai. Unconfirmed reports of casualties were received from these areas. On Ware Island, 54 homes and 1 classroom were destroyed. Along the mainland, Alotau experienced strong winds that downed trees and power lines, leaving many without power, and flooding that destroyed homes. Throughout Milne Bay, an estimated 62,000 people were affected by the storm. Some flooding was reported in Port Moresby. Further north in Jiwaka Province, the a bridge along the Highlands Highway crossing the Tuman River was washed away. Officials in Milne Bay Province stated that 1,159 homes were destroyed by the storm; however, local authorities claimed thousands more collapsed.

Australia.

Ahead of the cyclone affecting Cape York, the Bureau of Meteorology issued a cyclone watch on 9 April, for the far northern Queensland coast between Cape Grenville and Port Douglas. The Bureau predicted it to reach category five and would be the most severe storm to affect Queensland since Cyclone Yasi in 2011. On 10 April, Cyclone Ita was upgraded to category five, with a cyclone warning issued for the far northern Queensland coast between Lockhart River and Cairns. In anticipation of the Cyclone, tourists and staff were evacuated from a holiday resort on Lizard Island on 10 April. As Ita neared landfall, all residents in Cooktown and Hopevale were advised to evacuate either to a community cyclone shelter or to leave the towns. Though a weakened storm at landfall, Ita brought damaging winds to coastal areas around Cape Flattery where gusts peaked at. An automated weather station on Lizard Island recorded gusts up to before the anemometer failed. Cooktown, the closest populated area to where the storm moved ashore, experienced winds up to. Gale-force winds affected areas as far south as the Northumberland Islands, with Mackay recording gusts up to. A minor storm surge accompanied the cyclone; however, it coincided with low-tide and had limited effects. Minor flora damage was reported at Mackay, in the heart of city the top of a palm tree was blown off by the high winds. In Shoal Point minor damage was reported with some branches fell with one damaging a fence.  The greatest impact from Ita resulted from heavy rains, with many areas receiving up to in 24 hours. Cardwell reported an April record of rain in 24 hours, while in Tully of rain fell over two days, causing moderate flooding in both towns. In Bowen, fell in one-hour, triggering a flash flood through the towns main street. Cooktown received of rain over a three-day span. The Daintree, Mulgrave, Haughton, and Herbert rivers all experienced major flooding. Townsville reported of rain and wind gusts of up to causing only minor damage. The outer bands of the Ita caused heavy rain and storms as far south as the Wide Bay–Burnett region as it tracked back out to sea again, Kingaroy recorded in less than an hour from a severe thunderstorm, while The Town of 1770 received.  Cooktown experienced the greatest structural damage from winds, with 200 homes affected, of which 16 were severely damaged or destroyed. Many buildings, including a 140‐year‐old hotel in the town centre, lost their roof. Power was cut to the whole town and many trees were uprooted and destroyed; however, no injuries were reported as the majority of the towns residents were safe in the towns community cyclone shelter.  Heavy rain caused moderate flooding throughout most of North Queensland, five people were rescued from floodwaters between Cooktown and Cairns and flooding in the Daintree River threatened several properties in Mossman, while further south a few low-lying houses were inundated in Ingham. Several houses were also flooded from a minor storm surge in Cairns, however damage was limited.  Total economic damage from Cyclone Ita amounted to A$1.1 billion (US$1 billion). The greatest losses took place in the agricultural sector, with a stretch of sugarcane country suffering damage. Roughly 80 percent of the sugarcane crop in the Herbert River District was destroyed with the remaining crops damaged. Insurance companies initially estimated that claims could match those from Cyclone Oswald in 2013; however, insured losses only reached A$8.4 million (US$7.9 million).

New Zealand.

The remnants of Ita brought heavy rains and strong winds to much of New Zealand on 17 April. Winds, peaking at in Westport, downed many trees and power lines. Much of the country experienced gale-force winds, though the North Island and northwestern areas of the South Island bore the brunt of the storm. Numerous cars were rolled by the winds, including one which was blown off a bridge over the Haast River. Buses transporting workers from the Stockton Mine were also knocked over. Much of Westport was isolated by downed trees and the whole Buller District was left without electricity when the transmission lines were damaged. In Auckland, tidal and flash flooding closed several roads and trapped residents. Gusts on the Auckland Harbour Bridge peaked at. Throughout Auckland, at least 15,000 people were without power.  Entire hillsides reportedly collapsed in rural areas of Clarence and Ward. Agricultural damage in parts of the South Island were compared to Cyclone Bola in 1988, a storm regarded as one of the worst to ever strike New Zealand. Throughout the Grey District, 39 homes were rendered uninhabitable while at least 60 other structures sustained varying degrees of damage. Losses in the district were estimated to be in excess of NZ$20 million (US$17.1 million). Throughout New Zealand, insured losses amounted to NZ$55.3 million (US$42.9 million).

Aftermath.

In November 2014, the name "Ita" was retired from the list of names in the Australian basin and replaced with "Ivana".

Solomon Islands.

Soon after the floods, Honiara and Guadalcanal were declared disaster areas by the Solomon Government. Debris left behind by the floods initially hampered relief efforts, with the runway at Honiara International Airport blocked by two destroyed homes. Food supplies started running low as the Red Cross provided aid to the thousands homeless. The airport was reopened on 6 April, allowing for supplies from Australia and New Zealand to be delivered. Roughly 20 percent of Honiara population relocated to evacuation centers as entire communities were swept away.  New Zealand offered an immediate NZ$300,000 in funds and deployed a C-130 Hercules with supplies and emergency response personnel. Australia donated A$250,000 on 6 April and sent engineers and response teams to aid in relief efforts. On 8 April, Australia increased its aid package to A$3 million while New Zealand provided an additional NZ$1.2 million. Papua New Guinea and Taiwan provided PGK 1 million and US$200,000 in funds, respectively.  In the immediate aftermath of the floods, there were fears that the flooding could worsen an already ongoing dengue fever outbreak and cause outbreaks of diarrhea and conjunctivitis. Over the following two months, a widespread rotavirus outbreak unfolded in Honiara, Guadalcanal, and Gizo, with more than 1,000 people falling ill. Severe cases of diarrhea became common among children, with 18 dying as a result in early June. By mid-July, the outbreak was fully contained with no further cases of the disease. Additionally, 24 people contracted leprosy in Honiara within a shelter.

Papua New Guinea.

On 15 April, Papua New Guinea Prime Minister Peter O'Neill and Speaker of Parliament Theo Zurenuoc provided PGK300,000 (US$113,700) in funds to Milne Bay Province. The Papua New Guinea Defence Force was dispatched to deliver relief supplies to the region. Damage surveys were conducted simultaneously using the Defense Force's helicopters to determine the areas in need of the most immediate aid. Ten relief teams were dispatched on 16 April to assist with clean up efforts. The nation's health office also warned of the dangers of post-storm diseases due to damaged sewer systems. Communications with the outermost islands of the province remained difficult and limited to short-distance radio. By 17 April, a barge with 57 bales of rice was sent to Wari island where thousands of residents were in need of food.

Australia.

Owing to the severity of agricultural damage, the average cost of avocados, bananas, iceberg lettuce, and papaya increased.

Earthquakes.

On 4 April (5 April local time) a 6.0 M earthquake, with its epicenter on Makira Island, struck the Solomon Islands. Though no reports of damage were received in relation to it, officials were concerned about the possibility of landslides resulting from it. Two more large earthquakes, a 7.1 M followed by a 6.5 M, struck near the region on 11 April; resulting in two deaths and causing significant damage in parts of Papua New Guinea. On 12 April, a 7.6 M earthquake occurred just south of Makira Island and was followed by a 7.4 M the next day. Though the earthquakes only produced a localised tsunami, with limited effects, they prompted evacuations and delayed relief efforts across the Solomon Islands. Another tsunami warning was issued on 19 April following two more large earthquakes, 6.6 M and 7.5 M, near Papua New Guinea.

Severe Tropical Cyclone Ita was the strongest tropical cyclone in the Australian region by central pressure, since George in 2007, and since Monica in 2006 by wind speed. The system was first identified over the Solomon Islands as a tropical low on 1 April 2014, and gradually moved westward, eventually reaching cyclone intensity on 5 April. On 10 April, Ita intensified rapidly into a powerful Category 5 system on the Australian Scale, but it weakened to a Category 4 system in the hours immediately preceding landfall the following day. At the time of landfall at Cape Flattery at 12 April 22:00 (UTC+10), the cyclone's Dvorak intensity was approximately T5.0, consistent with a weak Category 4 system, and considerably lower than the T6.5 observed when the system was at its peak intensity. Meteorologists noted the system had, at that time, begun an eyewall replacement cycle; as a result, the system was considerably less powerful than various intensity scales hadpredicted. Ita's impact on terrain was lessened, as a result.


Amateur career.

Cianciarulo began riding motorcycles when he was 3-years-old and was racing when he was 4-years-old. In 2012, he became the highest winning mini bike rider in AMA Amateur Motocross National Championships. He won 11 amateur championships.

Professional career.

In 2013, Cianciarulo began his first pro season on Monster Energy/Pro Circuit/Kawasaki, whom he signed a long-term contract with while he was an amateur. After being sick with salmonella, he missed the first four rounds of the Lucas Oil Pro Motocross series. he began his pro career by finishing inside the top 10 five times, including a podium in the first moto at Utah.  In 2014 Cianciarulo began his first 250 Monster Energy Supercross series, winning 3 out of the first 5 races including his supercross debut. Unfortunately, he received a shoulder injury in Toronto, Canada after crashing in the whoops section. He had surgery to repair the injury, causing him to miss the rest of the Monster Energy Supercross series as well as the entire Lucas Oil Pro Motocross season.  In 2015, Cianciarulo did not race any races in the Monster Energy Supercross series because of another shoulder injury that he received while racing at the Geneva Supercross in Switzerland. He raced only 6 of the 12 races in the Lucas Oil Pro Motocross series due to another shoulder injury that he received while practicing for Red Bud. Cianciarulo was having a somewhat successful year, getting on the podium once before his injury.  In 2016, it looked like it was going to be a fresh start for Cianciarulo. He parted way with his long time trainer, Aldon Baker, and has started a new program. Early February, Monster Energy/ Pro Circuit/ Kawasaki reported that Cianciarulo had broken his wrist while practicing. This caused him to miss the entire Monster Energy Supercross series.  In 2019, in Glendale, Cianciarulo earned his 7th career win during his time in the series and his 1st win of the 2019 season. He came close to winning the 250sx West championship, but ultimately lost the championship to Dylan Ferrandis after a crash late in the final race.  However, Cianciarulo later won his first professional championship in the 2019 Lucas Oil Pro Motocross Series finishing with 519 total points. He is now contracted to ride for Team Monster Energy Kawasaki aboard a KX450 in the 450 class. He also is moving on from his previous career number 92 to 9.  During the 2019 Monster Energy Cup, Cianciarulo's first professional race in the 450 class, he placed 1st overall. In the three main events, Cianciarulo placed 2nd, 2nd, and 1st to solidify his spot at the top of the podium.  Cianciarulo broke his collarbone during the first round of qualifying at the 2020 Arlington Supercross event. He underwent surgery days after the injury and will race again when healthy.

Adam Cianciarulo, (born October 20, 1996) is an American professional motocross racer. He competes in the AMA Motocross Championships in the 450cc class for Monster Energy Kawasaki, aboard a Kawasaki KX450. He won the 2019 AMA 250cc motocross national championship.


Description.

Crossing-the-bridge noodles has over 100-year history and it was listed as an intangible cultural heritage of Kunming city in 2008 to promote Yunnan food culture. The dish is served with a large bowl of boiling hot broth and the soup ingredients. The soup is made with chicken, pork bone and seasoning, such as Chinese star anise and ginger. Also, using a layer of chicken fat to insulate the soup and therefore keep it warm for longer. These ingredients are separated. The soup ingredients are served on a cutting board or plate and include raw vegetables and lightly cooked meats. Common ingredients include thin slices of turkey, chunks of chicken, chicken skin, strips of bean curd sheets, chives, sprouts and rice noodles. Once added into the broth, it cooks quickly with a layer of melted chicken fat and oil glistening on top. The soup takes a few minutes to cook, and it is then spooned out into small bowls. Jim Thurman of LA Weekly writes that "with the rice noodles and fresh chicken, it's reminiscent of an extremely subtle version of Vietnamese pho ga [chicken pho]. Which shouldn't surprise anyone, as Yunnan shares a border with Vietnam."

Claims of name origin.

One story that has gained traction begins with a scholar who was studying hard for his imperial exams on a small island. His wife, who would bring him food, found that by the time she had crossed the bridge to the island the soup would be cold and the noodles were soggy. She then decided to load a large earthen pot with boiling broth with a layer of oil on top that would act as insulation and keep the broth warm. The noodles and other ingredients were kept in separate container, and when she arrived, she mixed the two containers together for a warm soup.  Another claim regarding the origin of the name comes from the way the ingredients are transferred between containers. The process is similar to crossing a bridge between bowls, and hence it is called "crossing-the-bridge" noodles.  There are reportedly many other variations on the origin of the name.

Varieties.

The main ingredient of the noodles is rice. Rice vermicelli production differs in different regions. In Kunming, Yunnan, there are two varieties: "dry paste" or "sour paste". The production process differs depending on individual preferences and tastes. "Sour paste", as the name suggests, tastes a little sour, but is characterized by a relatively thick and soft rice noodle. The "dry paste" does not have the sourness of the sour paste, and the noodle is relatively thin and more rigid. Older people in Kunming think the "sour paste" noodles are more authentic. Most people in Yunnan think the Kunming noodle does not satisfy their taste buds, and generally believe Mengzi County and Jianshui County makes better noodles.  Now, as people's tastes change, all kinds of noodle varieties are flooding onto the market. Kunming people now do not necessarily pick a "dry paste" or "sour paste." At present, people prefer the more efficient, slippery "water-washed rice noodle" and "purple rice noodle", one that is mixed with purple rice.

Status.

The development of Crossing the Bridge Noodles has changed people's eating habits over the years, especially breakfasts. Generally in street markets, the hot fresh rice noodle is put into a bowl of boiling water for about half a minute and then colored sauce is added to the bowl. This is known as the "hat" of the sauce. Crossing the Bridge Noodles served in markets in the morning are usually completed in one minute.  There are a few franchised restaurants which serve more intricate or elaborate Crossing the Bridge Noodle dishes. Normally Crossing the Bridge Noodles are ordered in a set. A set of bridge noodle will cost 10 to 50 Yuan. Ordering the Crossing the Bridge Noodles with more ingredients will command higher prices.

Ingredients.

The general ingredients of "guoqiao mixian" include: raw quail eggs, turkey slices, chicken slices, and colored vegetables.  Crossing-the-bridge noodles are generally served first with a bowl of boiling hot soup. The attendants will then be on the other side of the bowl and put the ingredients into the bowl, generally in order from raw to cooked: meat first, then quail eggs, and then vegetables. Finally, they perform the noodle "crossing" with chopsticks and the dish is ready to be consumed. The amount of oil, chili, vinegar, and soy sauce one puts in the bowl varies according to personal taste.

Crossing-the-bridge noodles is a rice noodle soup from Yunnan province, China. It is one of the most well-known dishes in Yunnan cuisine.


Early life and education.

Gail Sheehy was born in Mamaroneck, New York, to Lillian Rainey Henion and Harold Merritt Henion. Her mother's family was Scotch-Irish. Her grandmother, Agnes Rooney ran away from Northern Ireland to the United States as a mail-order bride. Another part of her mother's family was Scottish and worked the Ulster plantation for English landowners.  Growing up, Sheehy was close to her father's mother, Gladys Latham Ovens. Ovens' husband had died of a stroke during the Great Depression—and after he died, Ovens went to work as a real estate agent, a career that lasted for over 40 years. Ovens bought Sheehy her first typewriter at age 7. When as an adolescent Sheehy began to sneak into New York City on Saturday mornings to explore, her grandmother kept her secret.  In 1958, Sheehy graduated from the University of Vermont with a Bachelor of Arts in English and Home Economics. She later returned to school in 1970, earning her Master of Arts in Journalism from Columbia University, where she studied on a Rockefeller Foundation fellowship under renowned cultural anthropologist Margaret Mead.

Career.

1960s.

Sheehy's first job after college was working for the J. C. Penney department store chain. Sheehy traveled across the country putting on educational fashion shows for college home economics departments. It was here that Sheehy began writing professionally—she wrote for the company's magazines and worked with ad agencies to make informational filmstrips.  The next few years, a young married Sheehy supported her husband through medical school and began her work as a journalist. Sheehy moved to Rochester, New York where she found a job as a journalist for the "Democrat and Chronicle" in 1961. She wrote for the women's page and for the Sunday feature section. Sheehy and her husband then moved to the East Village in New York. Sheehy became a mother, but continued to work for various publications including the "World Telegram" for a brief time in 1963 and then the "New York Herald Tribune" from 1963 to 1966. Sheehy decided to leave her daily reporting job to become a freelance journalist. Sheehy and her husband divorced in 1968.  Sheehy participated in a number of important and significant cultural events in the 1960s including covering Robert Kennedy's campaign and Woodstock. Sheehy was one of the original contributors to "New York" magazine and contributed from 1968 through 1977. Clay Felker, founder of the magazine, and Sheehy's future husband, encouraged Sheehy to write "big" stories—one of the first was following Robert Kennedy. on the campaign trail in 1968. She traveled with the campaign to the West Coast and had access to interview Kennedy directly. Sheehy was en route back to New York when Kennedy was assassinated in California. Sheehy covered the rise of amphetamine use in New York after her sister became addicted. Sheehy helped her sister get off drugs and they attended at Woodstock in order to hide from her sister's drug pusher.  In 1969-70, Sheehy was awarded a Rockefeller Foundation fellowship to attend graduate school at Columbia University. While there, she studied for under professor and anthropologist Margaret Mead who was then in her seventies. Inspired by Mead, Sheehy investigated cultural trends with articles on "The Fractured Family" in "New York" magazine. During a commencement speech given at the University of Vermont, Sheehy credited Mead with encouraging her to become a cultural interpreter: 'Whenever you hear about a great cultural phenomenon—a revolution, an assassination, a notorious trial, an attack on the country—drop everything. Get on a bus or train or plane and go there, stand at the edge of the abyss, and look down into it. You will see a culture turned inside out and revealed in a raw state."

1970s.

In the 1970s Sheehy's portfolio of high profile articles grew and she began to author books. In addition to writing for "New York Magazine", she also wrote a monthly article for Cosmopolitan--her first story had her travel to India to meet Maharishi Mahesh Yogi and his disciples.  Several of Sheehy's articles for the "New York Magazine" were developed into books. This includes her novel "Lovesounds" (1970), "Panthermania: The Clash of Black against Black in One American City" (1971), and "Hustling: Prostitution in Our Wide Open Society" (1973). Lovesounds was a psychological novel that deals with the dissolution of a marriage was based on her own first marriage. Her Random House editor, Nan Talese, suggested that Sheehy use a Rashomon-style for the novel, alternating the story between the wife and husband. Talese also loaned Sheehy the use of an apartment to write in.  In 1971, Sheehy published a series on prostitution in New York magazine called the "Wide Open City." She used the New Journalism style which includes vivid description and narration for the article "Redpants and Sugarman." Sheehy later came under fire for fictionalizing a character which was a composite. Clay Felker accepted blame for taking out the paragraph describing the use of composites within the article. Sheehy's story was chronicled in the book "Hustling" and later made into an NBC 1975 television movie starring Jill Clayburgh as Redpants and Lee Remick as the journalist. According to producer, George Pelecanos, Sheehy was the inspiration for a reporter character in the HBO series, "The Deuce".  The summer of 1971, Sheehy and Felker rented a house in East Hampton. Sheehy and her daughter found an abandoned box of kittens and since they could not take them back to New York, Sheehy's daughter suggested they take the kittens to the "witch house" across the street. It was there that Sheehy first encountered Little Edie Beale and her mother Big Edie Beale, the reclusive cousins of Jacqueline Kennedy Onassis living in a dilapidated 28 room mansion called Grey Gardens. Sheehy spent the next few weekends of that summer on the beach with Little Edie learning about their story. Sheehy profiled the two in "New York Magazine" in ""the Secret of Grey Gardens"." After the article was published, Onnassis came forward with a check for $25,000 to help clean up the property. Little Edie and Big Edie were profiled in 1975 in the now famous Grey Gardens documentary by the Maysles brothers.  Sheehy traveled to Northern Ireland in 1972 to report on the Irish women involved in the Irish civil rights movement. Margaret Thatcher's government had created the Special Powers Act that allowed British soldiers to round up Catholic men. The women and family members left behind became fierce fighters. She was next to a young boy right after a march and as British soldiers moved in when the boy was struck in the face by a bullet. That day, January 30, 1972, became known as Bloody Sunday or the Bogside Massacre. Sheehy was trapped inside a Catholic ghetto which was under the authority of the IRA. She made her escape in a car over pastureland to Dublin. There Sheehy traveled to several safe houses and interviewed Rita O'Hare. The whole experience affected Sheehy deeply and on her return to the States she had a difficult time writing the story and developed a fear of airplanes which she later described as PSTD or posttraumatic stress syndrome. It was at this time in the mid-seventies that Sheehy began work on her book, "Passages". After conducting about forty interviews for a book on couples—Sheehy noticed a theme within her interviewees that were in their late thirties and early forties. The subjects expressed being unsettled. At this time, Sheehy began studying work by Elliott Jacques on mid-life crisis between the ages of thirty-five and forty as well as works by Erik Ericson on adult life stages. Sheehy coined the term "Second Adulthood" to describe the equilibrium that follows the crisis. It was during this time that Sheehy's long-time editor Hal Scharlatt died and the book was taken over by Jack Macrae, the publisher of Dutton. Sheehy was awarded a fellowship by the Alicia Patterson Foundation to allow her to finish the book. Sheehy's editor was concerned that the title would make readers think that it meant "excerpts," but Sheehy was confident they would understand the title once they read the book. Passages was published in 1976. Sales spread through word-of-mouth when it landed on the New York Times Best Seller List where it would remain for three years.  During this time period, Sheehy, as both writer of "New York Magazine" and Felker's partner, was a front-row witness to Rupert Murdoch's hostile takeover of Clay Felker's "New York Magazine". Felker was forced out of the magazine. Felker purchased "Esquire Magazine" in 1978 and Sheehy wrote for the magazine including publishing a profile and interview of Anwar Sadat.  In 1977, Sheehy became an associate of the Women's Institute for Freedom of the Press (WIFP). WIFP is an American nonprofit publishing organization. The organization works to increase communication between women and connect the public with forms of women-based media.  Sheehy began work on her next book, "Pathfinders", in 1978. The book examined the lives of those who had led lives that many would considered to have lead been full lives, and attained a sense of well-being. In developing the book, Sheehy worked with social psychologists at New York University to develop a Life History questionnaire which was given to many people including, "corporate chiefs, congressmen, men & women lawyer, etc." The questionnaire was also published in "Redbook" and "Esquire" magazines. Sheehy then conducted hundreds of phone interviews for the book where she identified that those who attained well-being have a willingness to take risks and have experienced one or more important transitions in their adult years, which they handled in an unusual, personal or creative way.

1980s.

Sheehy begins her work with Cambodian refugees in the early 1980s. Sheehy was invited by First Lady Rosalynn Carter to participate with other prominent Americans in a Cambodia Crisis Center. While visiting Thailand in 1981, Felker pointed out a story about a camp of Cambodian orphans which prompted Sheehy to visit the camp. It was at this camp that Sheehy met and later adopted her second daughter, Mohm. Sheehy also worked with Catherine O'Neill to publicize the plight of refugees through the Women's Refugee Commission. Sheehy and Mohm chronicled their journey in the 1986 book, "Spirit of Survival".  Vanity Fair's editor, Tina Brown, invited Sheehy to write political profiles beginning in 1984. Her first profile was of U.S. presidential candidate Gary Hart. Sheehy followed this with other presidential candidates including George H. W. Bush, Al Gore, Bob Dole and Jesse Jackson. These profiles also served as the basis for her 1988 book, "Character: America's Search for Leadership".  Sheehy helped organize the Sag Harbor Initiative with William Pickens, Pat Pickens, and Walter Isaacson among others in 1987. The initiative was initially a three-day event put on by "liberal intellectuals and concerned citizens" who wanted Americans across the country to hold town meetings to discuss urgent social issues. Isaacson went on to be President and CEO of Aspen Ideas Festival.

1990s.

During the 1990s, Gail Sheehy published five books including "Gorbachev: The Making of the Man Who Changed the World" (1990), "The Silent Passage" (1992), "New Passages" (1995), "Understanding Men's Passages" (1998), and "Hillary's Choice" (1999).  In 1989, Tina Brown asked Sheehy to expand her character profiles for "Vanity Fair" to include international figures. Sheehy researched and interviewed both Margaret Thatcher and Mikhail Gorbachev. Her article on Thatcher was published as "The Blooming of Margaret Thatcher" in 1989. Her profile of Gorbachev made the February 1990 "Vanity Fair" cover as "Red Star: The Man Who Changed the World". Sheehy expanded her research on Gorbachev, and published the book "The Man Who Changed the World: The Lives of Mikhail S. Gorbachev" just as he won the Nobel Peace Prize and a few short months before he was overthrown. Charmed by the relationship between Gorbachev and Thatcher, Sheehy also wrote a play based on a fantasy romance called "Maggie and Misha". The play was produced as a two-week workshop production off-Broadway.  Sheehy published the book "The Silent Passage" about menopause in 1992. Sheehy noticed that no one was talking about menopause and she, herself, was beginning to experience it. After a June 1992 appearance on "The Oprah Winfrey Show", the book went back for a number of reprints and eventually hit the #1 spot on the "New York Times" bestseller list. Sheehy received a million-dollar advance from Simon & Schuster for the paperback rights.  Sheehy and her husband Clay Felker moved to the Bay Area of California in 1994 where Felker taught and founded the Felker Magazine Center at the University of California, Berkeley.  Sheehy profiled Hillary Clinton a total of three times for the pages of "Vanity Fair" in the nineties beginning with her time as First Lady and through her run for the New York Senate. The articles and work culminated in the publication of the biography, "Hillary's Choice".

2000s.

Despite caring for her long-time husband and partner, Clay Felker, as he battled cancer, Gail Sheehy continued to write and publish through the 21st century. In 2006, Sheehy published "Sex and the Seasoned Woman" in which she interviewed "over 400 women from the ages of 23 through 98." She published an article with "Parade" magazine, "Who Cares for the Caregiver?" After Felker's death in 2008, Sheehy was named AARP's Caregiving Ambassador in 2008 and began working with the AARP on a series of articles, interviews of caregivers through video, and blog posts. Sheehy eventually wrote a book on the subject of caregiving, "Passages in Caregiving: Turning Chaos into Confidence" which published in 2010. She also wrote a play, "Chasing the Tiger", about her relationship with Felker.  Sheehy published her own memoir in 2014, "Daring: My Passages".

Personal life.

In 1960 Sheehy married Albert Francis Sheehy, a medical student at the University of Rochester. They had one daughter, Maura, and divorced in 1968. In 1984 Sheehy married editor Clay Felker, with whom she adopted a Cambodian child, Mohm. Felker died in 2008. Sheehy currently lives in New York City.

Selected articles.

1969: "Speed City: The Explosion of Amphetamines", "New York" magazine.

Sheehy wrote the cover story for "New York" magazine about the growing problem of amphetamine use among young people in East Village. The article arose out of Sheehy's own experience—her sister had become addicted to the drug. The cover for the story was created by Milton Glaser of a snake writhing out of a drug capsule.

1971: "Redpants and Sugarman", "New York" magazine.

Sheehy gained notoriety in 1971 after "New York" magazine published a series she wrote about prostitution called "Wide Open City". Part 2 is called "Redpants and Sugarman". Sheehy told "The Washington Post" that she had created a "composite character" for "Redpants" in order to trace the full life cycle of a streetwalker, but the explanation was edited out of the story.

1989: "The Blooming of Margaret Thatcher", "Vanity Fair".

Published in June 1989: President Mitterrand says Britain's prime minister "has eyes like Caligula and the mouth of Marilyn Monroe." She also has the nerves of a five-star general and increasingly, the sexual charisma of a woman in her prime. She manipulates her court of bedazzled male advisors with the skill of Elizabeth I. And as she completes her unparalleled tenth year in office, the most powerful woman in the world has vanquished the opposition, gagged the media, and booted out the critics in her own party. So who is there left to tell her when she goes too far?

1992: "What Hillary Wants", "Vanity Fair".

Sheehy's 1992 article on Hillary Clinton created a stir by quoting her mentioning rumors of an affair between President George H. W. Bush and a woman named "Jennifer". Sheehy reported that Clinton complained that the media had made much about Gennifer Flowers' affair with Bill Clinton but did not look into the Bush transgression. Clinton considered that portion of the interview off the record, but Sheehy disagreed, and independently confirmed the "private conversation" Hillary had described by interviewing Hillary's confidante, "Atlanta Journal & Constitution" owner Anne Cox Chambers, who repeated the conversation word for word.  Fact checkers for "Vanity Fair" alerted editor Tina Brown to a potential problem, based on their review of the transcript of the interview, but Brown declined to remove the quote. The interview received wide coverage in the press.

1995: "The Inner Quest of Newt Gingrich", "Vanity Fair".

Sheehy learned the back story of Gingrich's life from his mother, who revealed that she was a lifelong manic-depressive. Kit Gingrich's first husband abandoned young Newt to a stepfather in exchange for forgiveness of a few months of child-support payments. "Isn't it awful, a man willing to sell off his own son?" Kit Gingrich told Sheehy. Speaker of the House Gingrich told Sheehy that both his fathers were totalitarian and modeled "a very male kind of toughness". He did not blink when Sheehy asked him if he thought he had a genetic predisposition to bipolar disorder. He said he did not know, then applauded the special powers of leaders who are thought to have been bipolar. "Churchill had what he called his 'black dog'. Lincoln had long periods of depression." He speculated that leaders who are able to think on several levels at once may have a different biochemical makeup. "You have to have a genetic toughness just to take the beating" he told Sheehy. Her article also revealed that his wife at the time, Marianne Gingrich, did not want him to become president and threatened to make a revelation that would torpedo his 1995 presidential campaign.

2000: "The Accidental Candidate: George W. Bush", "Vanity Fair".

Sheehy found a possible source of the malapropisms for which Governor Bush was mocked: a history of dyslexia in the Bush family. Diagnostic experts told her that "The errors you've heard Governor Bush make are consistent with dyslexia," and that "a language-disordered person cannot take in a lot of information at once." Sheehy predicted that if Bush became President, "he would have to develop a work-style where others pre-organized and pre-digested information for him." Karl Rove and Dick Cheney, she suggested, organized much of the candidate's speeches and decisions.

2008: "Hillaryland at War", "Vanity Fair".

Published June 30, 2008: Hillary Clinton's campaign had it all: near-death moments, hard-won triumphs, dysfunctional relationships—and a staff consumed with infighting over how to sell their candidate. It was a battle that revealed why she came so close to victory, as well as why she did not make it.

Professional affiliations.

In 2009 Sheehy was named AARP's Caregiver Ambassador. In 2011 she became a Chairwoman for the National Osteoporosis Foundation's Generations of Strength campaign.

Television and other media appearances.

Sheehy has been a frequent guest on NBC's "The Today Show", MSNBC's "Hardball" and "What Now?" with Andrea Mitchell, ABC's "World News Tonight" with Diane Sawyer, "Good Morning America", "Oprah", "CBS Sunday Morning", CNN, "Larry King Live", Fox News, "The O'Reilly Factor", and documentaries such as PBS's ""American Experience": Clinton".  In July 2015, Sheehy appeared for an interview on "Huffpost Live" to discuss her 2014 work, "Daring".

Plagiarism lawsuit.

Her book "Passages" was a national bestseller. In 1975 Roger Gould, then a psychiatrist at the University of California at Los Angeles, brought a suit, which was settled out of court, against Sheehy intended to enjoin publication of her book, which had not yet been completed. Sheehy ended up giving Dr. Gould ten percent of the royalties for the book.

Awards and recognition.

A Library of Congress survey named "Passages" one of the 10 most-influential books of our time.

Bibliography.

Non-fiction  Novels

Gail Sheehy (born Gail Henion on November 27, 1937) is an American author, journalist, and lecturer. She is the author of seventeen books and numerous high-profile articles for magazines such as "New York" and "Vanity Fair". Sheehy played a part in the movement Tom Wolfe called the New Journalism, sometimes known as creative nonfiction, in which journalists and essayists experimented with adopting a variety of literary techniques such as scene setting, dialogue, status details to denote social class, and getting inside the story and sometimes reporting the thoughts of a central character.


Background.

Frank Martin.

Frank Martin is the protagonist of the films and television series. He initially serves as a reluctant hero. He is portrayed as a former Special Forces operative who was a team leader of a search and destroy unit. His military background includes operations "in and out of" Lebanon, Syria and Sudan. He retires from this after becoming fatigued and disenchanted with his superior officers. In simple terms, he got tired of seeing his best efforts turned to nothing by the same people paying him to do the job. So he puts his skills to action as a private driver for hire.

Films.

"The Transporter" (2002).

Frank Martin (Jason Statham) is a highly-skilled driver known only as "The Transporter." He will transport anything, no questions asked, always on time, and he is known as the best in the business. He strictly follows three rules when transporting: Rule Number 1: "Once the deal is made, it is final", Rule Number 2: "No names", and Rule Number 3: "Never open the package." Frank inadvertently breaks his own rule, opens the package and finds a bound and gagged woman.

"Transporter 2" (2005).

Frank is working as the driver/chauffeur for a wealthy family, in the United States. Martin bonds with their young son, whom he drives to school every day. When the boy is kidnapped, Frank must again take action in order to protect his young "package" and his family. Eventually, Martin unravels a scheme involving biological weapons and the nefarious Gianni Chellini. Martin is forced to remove a bomb from the bottom of his car by executing an aerial corkscrew manoeuver underneath a crane. The crane catches the bomb and Martin escapes unharmed. Frank debuts the Audi A8 W12 in this film.  Inspector Tarconi plays an even more prominent role in this film. It is established that he and Frank are now friends, and Tarconi goes as far as to lie to the police to cover for Frank. His cooking prowess is established as well.

"Transporter 3" (2008).

Frank has been pressured into transporting Valentina (Natalya Rudakova) the kidnapped daughter of Leonid Vasilev (Jeroen Krabbé), the head of the Environmental Protection Agency for Ukraine, from Marseille through Stuttgart and Budapest until he ends up in Odessa on the Black Sea. Along the way, with the help of Inspector Tarconi (François Berléand), Frank has to contend with the people who strong armed him to take the job, agents sent by Vasilev to intercept him, and the general non-cooperation of his passenger, who he realises is the package midway through the film. Despite Valentina's cynical disposition and Frank's resistance to get involved, Frank and Valentina fall for each other, while escaping from one life-threatening situation after another. Martin again drives an armoured Audi A8 W12 in the film, as well as a BMX bicycle.

"The Transporter Refueled" (2015).

In May 2013, at the 2013 Cannes Film Festival, a new reboot trilogy was announced with EuropaCorp and China's Fundamental Films co-producing and distributing the titles. The films will likely be budgeted between $30 million to $40 million each and at least one will be shot in China. Luc Besson will co-finance, distribute, produce and write all the films. English actor Ed Skrein replaced Jason Statham as Frank Martin on the fourth installment of the series. The fourth film, "The Transporter Refueled", was released in the United States on 4 September 2015 with Camille Delamarre directing.

Other films.

In an interview with IGN, Louis Leterrier confirmed Jason Statham's cameo appearance in "Collateral", providing a briefcase to Vincent (Tom Cruise), as having been a reprisal of Frank Martin.

Future.

"The Hollywood Reporter" report that EuropaCorp and Fundamental Films will co-finance, produce and distribute the next three future installments in the "Transporter" franchise. The projects will be budgeted from $30 million to $40 million; at least one of the films will likely shoot in China.

Television.

"Transporter: The Series" (2012–2014).

"Transporter: The Series" is a television series based on the Transporter films which premiered in 2012 on 11 October in Germany on RTL, and on 6 December in France on M6. Chris Vance took over the role of Frank from Jason Statham and was joined by Hungarian actress Andrea Osvárt, who played Carla, the leading female role in the series, starring as a former Intelligence agent who organises his missions, and French actor François Berléand, the only returning actor from the film series, who reprised his role as Inspector Tarconi. The show was initially supposed to premiere on the cable network Cinemax but Cinemax pulled out due to production problems. TNT picked up the show and aired the 12-episode first season on the TNT network. TNT also ordered a 12-episode second season which aired in the autumn of 2014.

Transporter (French: Le Transporteur) is an English-language French action-thriller film franchise, comprising four films released between 2002 and 2015, and a television series. Jason Statham plays Frank Martin in the first three movies, a professional freelance courier driver for hire. Statham himself is an accomplished martial artist, allowing him to do all the combat scenes involving Frank Martin himself. This permits the films' signature Hong Kong-style fight scenes, choreographed by Corey Yuen. Chris Vance portrays Frank Martin in the and Ed Skrein portrays Frank Martin in the fourth film, a reboot.


Early life.

Donahue was born January 12, 1989 to Christopher and Connie Donahue in Dallas, Texas. As a young child, her family moved to Lenoir City, Tennessee, where she grew up. She has three siblings (Audrey, Zack, and Dean), and graduated from Lenoir City High School. In high school, she was a four-year letterwinner in swimming, a three-year letterwinner in track and field, and a two-year letterwinner in cross country running.

Swimming career.

After high school, she attended Western Kentucky University. In her first year, she broke the school record in the 100- and 200-yard butterfly. She was a letterwinner all four years of her college career, setting five school records in the process. As a senior, she was named "2011 WKU Student Athlete of the Year." Donahue graduated from WKU with a BS in social work in May 2011.  Donahue qualified for the 2008 Olympic Trials in the 100-meter and 200-meter butterfly, but did not advance out of the opening round in either event. In 2010, Donahue finished fourth in the 100-yard butterfly at the NCAA Championships. In 2011, she finished second at the Championships in the same event. She went to the 2011 Pan American Games where she won the gold in the 100-meter butterfly and as part of the 4×100-meter medley relay. At the 2011 National Championships, she took second place in 100-meter butterfly and 11th in the 200-meter butterfly.  At the 2012 Olympic Trials in Omaha, Nebraska, the U.S. qualifying event for the Olympics, Donahue turned in a new personal best in the 100-meter butterfly finals clocking a time of 57.57. Her time was significantly slower than Dana Vollmer who won the event with a time of 56.50, but was good enough for second place, qualifying her for the Olympics. "It feels unbelievable to make it to the 2012 Olympics," she remarked. "When I finished and saw that I was second, I did not even know what to think. At first I didn't believe it." She also competed in the 200-meter butterfly, where she failed to advance past the opening round.  At the 2012 Summer Olympics in London, she turned in a personal best time of 57.42 seconds during the semi-finals of the 100-meter butterfly and advanced to the finals. In the finals, she swam the race in 57.48 en route to a seventh-place finish. "My goal was actually just to get in the finals, and once I got that it was just kind of icing on the cake being able to compete in the finals", she remarked. "So I'm thrilled. I'm so happy with how I've done." Later at the games, she swam the butterfly leg of the 4×100-meter medley relay for the U.S. team during the preliminary heats. Her teammates won the relay final, earning Donahue a gold medal.  Donahue is coached by WKU swimming head coach Bruce Marchionda. Donahue also trains temporarily at South Florida Aquatic Club.

Athlete Development Program.

Claire Donahue created her Athlete Development program in 2018. Services offered by the program include Online Classes, Swim Lessons, Public Speaking, and Swim Clinics. She created this program to help athletes that need help with the mental aspects of the sport and also to bring awareness to mental health in sports.

Claire Christine Donahue (born January 12, 1989) is an American competition swimmer. She won two gold medals at the 2011 Pan American Games and finished second at the 2011 National Championships in the 100-meter butterfly. She earned a gold medal for swimming in the preliminary heats of the 4×100-meter medley relay at the 2012 Summer Olympics.


Young Life.

He spent his early years growing up in Jaffa, Palestine and Acre, Palestine before attending American University in Beirut, where he graduated with a B.A. in Philosophy. He then traveled to study at the University of Chicago, where he completed an M.A. in Philosophy in 1949. Politically active from a young age, Sharabi then returned to serve as editor of the Syrian Social Nationalist Party’s monthly magazine "al-Jil al-Jadid" ("The New Generation"). Forced to flee to Jordan after the parties disbanding in 1949, Sharabi returned to the United States where he completed a Ph.D. in the history of culture, again at the University at Chicago. That same year, he began to teach at Georgetown University, where he gained full professorship in eleven years.

Controversy.

Dr. Sharabi, while an ardent supporter of Palestinian rights, was not beyond criticizing the Palestinian governing bodies. According to a story in the "Washington Post", "In 1999, after PLO Chairman Yasser Arafat ordered the arrests of 11 Palestinian academics who had accused his administration of 'tyranny and corruption,' Dr. Sharabi, along with Edward Said of Columbia University, signed a letter calling the arrests 'a totally unjustifiable attack on the freedom of expression.'" Nine of the lawmakers were immune from arrest, but two later accused the Palestinian police of attacking them.[5]

Legacy.

He worked tirelessly to promote understanding of the Arab culture, establishing in 1973, along with several other colleagues, the Georgetown Center for Contemporary Arab Studies. In 1977, Georgetown University “awarded Dr. Sharabi the Umar Al-Mukhtar Chair in Arab Culture in recognition of his distinguished intellectual contributions and his efforts to promote Arab studies.[2]” Dr. Sharabi formed, later that same year, the Jerusalem Fund for Education and Community Development, an organization that worked on educational, cultural and health issues of Palestinians. He served as Chairman of Board until his death in 2005. In 1991, he formed what is now known as the Palestine Center, which serves as a think tank educating the general public on Palestinian Political Issues.

Publications.

Author of 18 books and numerous articles and editorials, he is well respected as a foremost 20th-century Arab intellectual, contributing greatly to the study of Arabic culture[3]. Dr. Sharabi also published several books himself on Arabic culture and philosophy. "In honor of his work in both the European and Arab fields, the Department of history at Georgetown convened an international two-day symposium in 2002 titled ‘The Role of the Intellectual in Contemporary Political Life.’ Also named in his honor is the annual Hisham Sharabi graduate essay contest, begun by the Department's graduate students upon Dr. Sharabi's retirement in 1998[2]."

Hisham Sharabi () (1927 Jaffa, Palestine – 2005 Beirut, Lebanon) was Professor Emeritus of History and Umar al-Mukhtar Chair of Arab Culture at Georgetown University, where he was a specialist in European intellectual history and social thought. He died of cancer at the American University of Beirut hospital on January 13, 2005.


Biography.

Indigenous activist.

Born in the small Innu village of Ekuanitshit, Mestokosho spent a great part of her childhood wandering the forest with her parents, who were hunter-gatherers. After her high school in Quebec City and then in Montreal, Rita Mestokosho began studying political science at the University of Quebec in Chicoutimi. Returning to her native community, she has participated for several years in the creation of an ""Innu mitshuap uteitun"", a house of Innu culture, where she still works as a coordinator.  Rita Mestokosho is an indigenous activist who fights for the recognition of the Innu-aimun language and the development of the culture and heritage of the Innu Nation. She is a member of her local Innu Council and a spokesperson for her community. She fought against the project for the construction of a Hydroelectricity dam on the Roman river"."  Her poetry and activism are deeply interlinked. Michele Lacombe has argued that Mestokosho has not chosen poetry but that she thinks it is "more useful than political speeches for defending environmental causes closely allied to Innu people's traditional homelands". In the Oxford Handbook of Indigenous American Literature, Sarah Henzi argues that Mestokosho's work uses poetry to "take control".

Writer and poet.

Rita Mestokosho has published poems in several international journals and regularly participates in meetings of writers of the native language, at international festivals of literature and poetry and at book fairs.  In 1995, she published her first poetry book, "Eshi Uapataman Nukum". In 2010, Swedish publishing company Beijbom Books re-published this work in Innu, French and Swedish. She was quoted in a speech by J.M.G. Le Clézio before his Nobel prize acceptance on universal literature. Christophe Premat show how the issue of survivance is important in Mestokosho's work and how it relates to resilience by comparing her work with the one of Naomi Fontaine.  Another feature of Mestokosho's poetry is her use of bilingual editions. Nicolas Beauclair has analyzed her writings and describes her poetry as an "epistemic mobilization" using another language to decolonizing borders. She is also the first person writing in Innu and French according to The Routledge Companion to Transnational American Studies.  Her latest book, "Née de la pluie et de la terre", was published in September 2014.

Rita Mestokosho, born 1966 in Ekuanitshit (Mingan) (innu reserve in Québec, in the Côte-Nord region), is an indigenous writer and poet, councillor for culture and education in the Innu nation.


Opposing fleets.

The Ottoman fleet consisted of 100 galleys which had been sent to the Western Mediterranean when Henry II entered in conflict with Charles V in the Italian War of 1551-59. The fleet was accompanied by three French galleys under the French ambassador Gabriel de Luetz d'Aramon, who accompanied the Ottomans from Istambul in their raids along the coast of Calabria in Southern Italy, capturing the city of Reggio.  The Genoese fleet consisted of 40 galleys under the command of Andrea Doria. Twenty of the galleys in the Genoese fleet belonged personally to Doria, six to an Antonio Doria and two to the House of Grimaldi of Monaco.

Battle.

The battle between the fleets took place on 5 August 1552 between the islands of Ponza and Terracina on the Italian mainland. The Ottomans captured seven of the Geonoese galleys which were full of troops.

Aftermath.

After the battle, the Franco-Ottoman fleet entered Majorca on 13 August 1552. The Ottomans resisted pressure from the French to send their fleet further west, perhaps for personal reasons of the commander or due to the continuing war with Persia. The victory gave the Ottomans better facility to attack Sicily, Sardinia and the coasts of Italy for the next three years. After the battle, the Ottoman fleet wintered in Chios, where it was joined by the French fleet of Baron de la Garde, ready for major naval operations the following year, including the, later failed, Invasion of Corsica in 1553. In 1560 the nephew of Doria, Giovanni Andrea Doria, led another attempt to thwart Dragut at the Battle of Djerba in but was defeated and Dragut continued his raiding of the Northern Mediterranean shores until his death five years later.

The Battle of Ponza (1552) was a naval battle that occurred near the Italian island of Ponza. The battle was fought between a Franco-Ottoman fleet under Dragut and a Genoese fleet commanded by Andrea Doria. The Genoese were defeated and lost seven galleys captured. The battle made it easier for the Ottoman fleet to raid the coasts of Sicily, Sardinia and Italy for the next three years.


Career.

Quackenbush attended Jesuit High School in Tampa, Florida, and the University of South Florida, where he played college baseball for the South Florida Bulls baseball team as their closer. Quackenbush was named a second team All-American in 2011.

San Diego Padres.

The Padres selected him in the eighth round of the 2011 MLB Draft. In his first season with the organization, he split his playing time between the Class A short-season Eugene Emeralds and Class A Fort Wayne TinCaps. The Padres promoted Quackenbush to Class AAA in 2013 and invited him to spring training in 2014.  Quackenbush was called up to the majors for the first time on April 25, 2014 and made his debut that day. The following month, he picked up his first major league win. On August 19, he recorded his first major league save.  On September 1, 2017, he was designated for assignment. On September 6, he cleared waivers, and San Diego outrighted him to El Paso. He became a free agent following the season.  In 2017 with the Padres, he was 0-2 with a 7.86 ERA in 20 games.

Cincinnati Reds.

On November 8, 2017, Quackenbush signed a minor league deal with the Cincinnati Reds organization. He had his contract purchased on March 28, 2018. He was designated for assignment on April 24, 2018. He declared free agency on October 3, 2018.

Los Angeles Dodgers.

On November 13, 2018, Quackenbush signed a minor league deal with the Los Angeles Dodgers. He was assigned to the AAA Oklahoma City Dodgers and was selected to the Pacific Coast League team at the Triple-A All-Star Game.

Washington Nationals.

On January 27, 2020, Quackenbush signed a minor league deal with the Washington Nationals.

Kevin Robert Quackenbush (born November 28, 1988) is an American professional baseball pitcher for the Washington Nationals organization. He has previously played in Major League Baseball (MLB) for the San Diego Padres and Cincinnati Reds.


Synopsis.

The episode opens in a desert, where a naked Mal sits on a rock, staring into the distance and saying to himself: "Yeah... that went well."  During a cargo transfer 72 hours earlier, Mal meets up with Monty, a war buddy and fellow Browncoat turned smuggler. As Monty's crew unloads cargo, he tells Mal that he's gotten married, introducing his wife Bridget. "Bridget" turns out to be Mal's nemesis Saffron, and a fight breaks out between them. Enraged to learn of Saffron's double-dealing, Monty leaves without her, stranding her on the deserted moon where Mal is waiting for a pickup. Mal orders Saffron to walk away and be left behind, but reconsiders when she tempts him with the prospect of a lucrative heist. Later, "Serenity" arrives to pick up Mal and the unloaded cargo. Later Mal lets Saffron out of one of the loaded crates in the cargo bay.  In the common room, Saffron describes to the crew her plan to steal a priceless antique laser pistol, the Lassiter, from Durran Haymer, a wealthy collector of Earth-That-Was artifacts. She claims a detailed knowledge of Haymer's security arrangements, but explains that the difficulty lies in getting the weapon off the estate, something "Serenity"'s crew could accomplish. The crew is outraged that Mal has brought Saffron on board, but they reluctantly agree to the plan.  Jayne is assigned to watch over Simon and River and keep them out of Saffron's sight. River worries about the situation, telling Simon she doesn't trust Saffron and that she knows Jayne had tried to betray the Tams to the Alliance. Meanwhile, Wash and Kaylee instruct Mal and Saffron to dump the collectible pistol, once they procure it, into an automated trash disposal unit, which Kaylee can reprogram to have the trash taken to a remote location where they can pick it up.  Mal and Saffron enter the estate without difficulty. They find the room that houses the well-protected collectible, but are met by Durran himself. Durran rushes to Saffron and embraces her, calling her "Yolanda" and thanking Mal for bringing back his wife, who had apparently disappeared six years ago. Saffron insists that Durran provide some compensation for Mal's "rescue". Durran steps out to get reward money for Mal, to allow them to finish retrieving the pistol. As Durran reenters, he attempts to remonstrate with her, but Saffron knocks him out with a kick and leaves with Mal, who has discarded the antique in the trash chute after which they escape.  Meanwhile, Wash has been hovering "Serenity" directly under the trash unit of Haymer's estate while Jayne retrieves the control unit and Kaylee reprograms it, clinging to the ship's hull. A delay arises during the windy EVA when Jayne is incapacitated by an electric shock, but Zoe helps Kaylee replace the control board just in time for the automated pickup vehicle to collect the trash unit. Jayne is dragged back on board by Shepherd Book.  As Mal and Saffron fly toward the rendezvous in Isis Canyon, Mal continues to explore his theory that Durran was Saffron's true love and original husband. Saffron seems to become emotional, but when Mal is off guard, she secures his gun and takes him prisoner. Saffron orders Mal to disrobe as revenge for him seeing her naked in the episode "Our Mrs. Reynolds", and strands him in the desert before proceeding to the drop location.  As Saffron searches through the garbage for the antique laser pistol, Inara emerges above her to taunt her with the weapon. The Companion reveals that she been part of the plan all along, knowing that Saffron would get the drop on them somehow and arranging to beat her at her own game of deception. Inara remotely closes the garbage container to trap Saffron for the authorities to pick up later.  On "Serenity", the crew discovers that Saffron has again sabotaged their ship, delaying their trip to the rendezvous so that Kaylee can make repairs. Jayne awakens in the infirmary to find that Simon has medically paralyzed him to rest a spinal injury. Simon reveals his knowledge of Jayne's plan to sell out the Tams, but reminds him that "Serenity" crew are a team, and that as Jayne's doctor he will never harm him. River, however, warns Jayne that she can kill him with her brain.  Once repaired, "Serenity" makes it to Mal's location. Mal and Inara, having reached an understanding, trade jokes about the heist. Mal casually boards "Serenity" in front of his crew, still unclothed. Wash and Zoe are shocked by the captain's brazenness, but Kaylee cheerfully congratulates Mal as the ship lifts off from the desert.

Pop culture references.

The planet where most of the action takes place is Bellerophon. Bellerophon is the name of a spacecraft in the classic film "Forbidden Planet" (1956), in the TV series "Andromeda", and in the series "".  Bellerophon originated in Greek myth.  Bellerophon has been used as a name for both British Royal Navy and U.S. Navy warships.  The Lassiter might have taken its name from the 1984 caper film of the same name starring Tom Selleck.

"Trash" is the eleventh episode of the science fiction television series "Firefly" created by Joss Whedon. It is the first of three episodes that were not broadcast in the original 2002 Fox run.


Gameplay.

"Stakes Winner" is a thoroughbred horse racing game similar to "Winning Post", where players take control of any of the available horses, each with their own strengths and weaknesses, to compete against either AI opponents or other human players across multiple races. Players control their horse with the joystick while two action buttons are used; one controlling the reins for small accelerations that drains little portions of the horse's stamina and another for the whip for fast speed, which drastically consumes stamina from the horse and if the stamina is depleted completely, racing is given up for a short period. Two quick taps on the joystick at any direction allows the horse to push back an opponent in front of them, however two quick taps on the opposite side reduces speed. Power-ups also spawn on the race track for players to pick up. Failing to qualify for the next race results in a game over screen unless players insert more credits into the arcade machine to continue playing.

Development and release.

"Stakes Winner" was developed by Saurus, with additional support from AM Factory, and the project was first announced in mid-1995 across Japanese publications such as "Neo Geo Freak", with previews showcasing various differences compared to the final release. The game was first released by SNK for the Neo Geo MVS on September 27, 1995 and was then published for Neo Geo AES on October 27 of the same year. The North American AES release has since become one of the more expensive titles on the platform, with copies fetching over US$4000 on the secondary video game collecting market. The game was later re-released by Saurus for the Neo Geo CD and released only in Japan on March 22, 1996. The title was later ported by Saurus to the PlayStation and Sega Saturn, both of which were released on December 6, 1996. It has since received multiple re-releases in recent years on various digital distribution platforms such as the Virtual Console, Nintendo eShop, PlayStation Network and Xbox Live.

Reception.

"Stakes Winner" was met with mixed reception from critics and reviewers since its release. In Japan, "Game Machine" listed it on their November 1, 1995 issue as being the fourth most-successful arcade game of the year, outperforming titles such as "Puzzle Bobble 2", "Virtua Striker" and "Street Fighter Alpha".

Sequel.

A sequel, "Stakes Winner 2" was released in 1996 for the arcades, Neo Geo AES, PlayStation and Sega Saturn. It was later re-released in recent years for the Virtual Console, PlayStation Network, Nintendo eShop and Xbox Live.

Stakes Winner is a horse racing arcade video game developed by Saurus, with additional support from AM Factory, and originally published by SNK on September 27, 1995. In the game, players compete with either AI-controlled opponents or against other human players across multiple races. Though it was initially launched for the Neo Geo MVS (arcade), the title was later released for both Neo Geo AES (home) and Neo Geo CD respectively, in addition of being ported and re-released through download services for various consoles. It was received with mixed reception from critics and reviewers since its initial release. In 1996, a sequel titled "Stakes Winner 2" was released for the arcades.


Production details.

Joss Whedon selected Summer Glau for the role after having previously worked with her on another of his shows, "Angel". River Tam was Glau's first major role. Glau's inexperience assisted her in playing the character: she likened River's emotional withdrawal to her own initial apprehension on the set.  In many of the hand-to-hand combat scenes featuring the character, particularly those in "Serenity", Glau's own experience in ballet dancing was incorporated into her fight choreography.

Depiction.

During River's early childhood, she grew up alongside her brother, Simon, part of the wealthy Tam family on the "core" planet of Osiris. She was graceful and intellectually gifted. She is described as having a strong thirst for knowledge and a love for and intuitive grasp of dance. By the time she was fourteen years old, she had grown "bored" with her studies and enrolled in a graduate program for physics.  It was at this point that she was sent to a government learning facility known as "The Academy". While her parents and Simon believed the Academy was a private school meant to nurture the gifts of talented children, it was in fact a cover for a government experiment in creating assassins. While in the hands of Alliance doctors and scientists, River was secretly experimented on, including surgery that damaged her amygdala. According to Simon, the Alliance attempted to isolate River from her family, though she managed to send a call for help by putting a coded message in a letter to her brother. Simon decoded the message and set out to rescue his then sixteen-year-old sister, despite his parents' insistence that he was being paranoid. In his quest to locate and free River, Simon enlisted the aid of anti-governmental groups, exhausting his personal fortune and sacrificing a promising medical career.  The R. Tam sessions depict her descent into insanity and portray hints of her psychic abilities. She references the "G-23 Paxilon Hydrochlorate", which would later be a plot point in the film "Serenity", and mentions the Academy's first subject "dying on the table." The first session clip indicates she has strong "intuitive" abilities and can easily understand complex subjects.  River is seen mostly barefoot throughout the series.

Reception.

In 2005, Summer Glau won the SFX Magazine award for Best Actress for her role as River in "Serenity". Glau later won a Saturn Award for Best Supporting Actress, again for her role as River in "Serenity" in May 2006. Glau was also runner up for "Best Actress/Movie" in the SyFy Genre Awards for 2006.  The nature of the character and her role in the franchise has garnered both praise and criticism from various reviewers. Some have positively likened the character's erratic behavior to autism. Dr. Karin Beeler of the University of Northern British Columbia compared and contrasted River to Buffy Summers, protagonist of the "Buffy the Vampire Slayer" franchise (also created by Joss Whedon), in her book "Seers, Witches and Psychics on Screen: An Analysis of Women Visionary Characters in Recent Television and Film". Beeler labeled the character an anti-heroine, in comparison to the more heroic role of Buffy Summers. Film critic and horror author Michael Marano also compared the character to Buffy, citing the two characters' combat prowess as similarities and describing River as the apotheosis of Joss Whedon's strong female characters.

River Tam is a fictional character of the "Firefly" franchise. River is portrayed by actress Summer Glau in the 2002 TV series "Firefly" and the 2005 film "Serenity". The nature of the character and her role in the franchise has garnered praise.


Early life and education.

Smith was born in Mobile, Alabama, on August 20, 1939, and graduated from the United States Naval Academy with the Class of 1962. He received his wings in January 1964.

Naval career.

As a naval aviator, Smith flew carrier-based, A-7 Corsair II light attack jet aircraft during multiple deployments to the Mediterranean, North Atlantic, Western Pacific and Indian Oceans. These included three cruises in waters off North Vietnam where he flew over 280 combat missions, primarily in the A-7 Corsair II. Smith held command at sea in the aviation community at squadron and wing levels as well as major commands that included a deep draft vessel, the, before taking command of the aircraft carrier and subsequent command of Carrier Group 6 in 1986 as a flag officer. He has logged over 4,200 flying hours and accumulated over 1000 carrier arrested landings.

Commands.

Smith's early flag officer tours were Director for Operations, United States European Command (1989–1991) and Deputy Chief of Naval Operations for Plans, Policy and Operations (1991–1994). Appointed to four-star rank in April 1994, he became Commander in Chief, United States Naval Forces Europe and concurrent NATO Commander in Chief Allied Forces Southern Europe (1994–1996). In December 1995, he assumed, concurrently, command of the NATO-led Implementation Force (IFOR) in Bosnia, a position he held until August 1996.  Smith's IFOR command in Bosnia was criticized by Richard Holbrooke for his refusal to use his "authority" to also perform nonmilitary implementation tasks, including arresting indicted war criminals:

Later work.

Smith retired from the US Navy on 1 October 1996. He is currently serving as a Senior Fellow at the Center for Naval Analyses, was President of Leighton Smith Associates and Vice President of Global Perspectives, Inc., both international consulting firms. He was Chairman of the Naval Aviation Museum Foundation, immediate past Chairman of the Board of Trustees of the United States Naval Academy Alumni Association and served on the Executive Committee of the Association of Naval Aviation. He was also on the National Advisory Council to the Navy League and was a member of the Board of Directors of several corporations.  Smith was a supporter of the John McCain 2008 presidential campaign before the 2008 election. Smith spoke out in defense of McCain after critical comments from General Wesley Clark regarding McCain's military experience. Prior to his retirement, Smith had previously served alongside General Clark for several years during the war in Bosnia and Herzegovina.  Smith has been one of the senior signatories of the March 31, 2009 letter urging the president to maintain the policy excluding homosexuals from the armed forces.

References.

"Adapted from this biography." (2003)

Leighton Warren Smith Jr. (born August 20, 1939) is a former United States Navy admiral. In 1994, he became the Commander in Chief of United States Naval Forces Europe and Allied Forces Southern Europe, holding the commands during the height of the Yugoslav wars. He commanded the NATO enacted no-fly zone (Operation Deny Flight) over Bosnia and the later bombing campaign against Republika Srpska (Operation Deliberate Force) in 1995. The same year he additionally took on command of the NATO-led Implementation Force (IFOR) in Bosnia with the objective of overseeing the peace agreement. He held all three positions until his retirement in 1996.


Career.

Rangers and Leeds United.

Raised in the small village of Rhu, Parlane joined Rangers as a teenager, following in the footsteps of his father Jimmy who had a spell with the club in the 1940s. He became an important player at Ibrox, making 300 appearances and winning three Scottish League championships, three Scottish Cups, three Scottish League Cups and the 1971–72 European Cup Winners' Cup; he was capped by Scotland 12 times (with one Under-21 cap). Furthermore, Parlane was inducted into the Rangers Hall of Fame in 2010.  He moved to Leeds United in March 1980 but it wasn't a very successful stay. He scored 10 goals in 53 appearances for Leeds before going to Hong Kong on loan to Bulova.

Manchester City and later career.

On 14 July 1983, new Manchester City manager Billy McNeill brought Parlane to Maine Road; he linked up with another newcomer, fellow Scot Jim Tolmie and on their debut for the Blues on Saturday 27 August 1983, City beat Crystal Palace 2–1 at Selhurst Park in the Second Division. Parlane and Tolmie each scored one which set a precedent for the rest of the season. In all, Parlane scored 20 goals in 48 appearances for City, a healthy return.  The 1984–85 season did not start well for Parlane as City signed David Phillips from Coventry City and Tony Cunningham from Newcastle United to bolster their attack. Parlane got injured in September 1984 and was sold to Swansea City in January 1985. After the season finished he played in New Zealand for the summer with North Shore United. He spent the 1985–86 season in Belgium with Racing Jet, before returning to play two seasons with Rochdale from 1986 to 1988, playing 42 games and scoring 10 times. His last professional club was Airdrie in the 1987–88 season, he scored 4 goals in 9 games, before signing for then non-league outfit Macclesfield Town in England.

Derek James Parlane (born 5 May 1953) is a Scottish former professional football striker who played for Rangers from 1970 until 1980, and also played in England with clubs including Leeds United and Manchester City.


Life.

Kim Yeonsu was born in Kimcheon, Kyeongsangbuk-do in 1970. He graduated with a degree in English Literature from Sungkyunkwan University in Korea. After graduation, Kim was an office worker by day, a translator at night, and spent the remainder of his time writing novels. In 1997, Kim worked as a reporter for a woman's magazine, and this experience was also key to his outlook that daily life is difficult.

Work.

Kim made his debut in 1993 with a poem in the journal "Jakka Segye" (Writer's World) and the next year published a novel "Walking While Pointing to the Mask" (Gamyeon-eul Gariki-myeo Geotgi). He is one of the most well-received Korean writers since 2000, and also a best-selling author in Korea. For example, his work "World’s End Girlfriend," published in 2009, sold 40,000 copies in less than three months of publication.  Kim's literary world is shaped by his study of humanities and at the same time owes much to the Argentinian writer, Jorge Luis Borges, whose influence is paramount in his first collection of short stories, "Twenty Years Old".  Kim did not content himself with a place in the shadow of a literary great. His third novel, "Goodbye, Yi Sang" was met with a critical reception worthy of a masterpiece at the very pinnacle of humanistic imagination. To be sure, Borgesian influence is still unmistakable, but only in the background: the novel, as a whole, is animated by the author's own meticulous and in-depth study of Yi Sang, the Korean existentialist writer of the 1930s who produced some of the most exotic and complex stories in Korean literary history. "Goodbye, Yi Sang" is concerned with the question of truth and of existence as well as the very definition of literature which, in Kim's view, are not mutually exclusive. “The reason why I write,” the author has said,” is to find out whether the truth does indeed exist in the act of writing."”  "When I Was Still A Child", which first appeared in serial form, is a collection of stories based on his childhood and adolescence. Although it was written with considerable ease and employs much lighter tone of voice than "Goodbye, Yi Sang", the stories in this collection provide yet another venue for exploring the nature of truth, which has always remained the focus of Kim's interest.  As a young author, Kim's works are just now being translated. To this date, only one short essay ("New York Bakery") and several short stories referenced below have been translated into English. Rather, more of his works are translated into Japanese, French, and Russian. "World’s End Girlfriend," "Wonder Boy," "The Country of the Blind," and other short stories are published in Japanese. "So You Love Me, Seonnyeong" (Sarang-irani, Seonnyeong-a), "If the Waves Belong to the Sea," and "I am a Ghost Writer" are translated into French. "World’s End Girlfriend" and "Wonder Boy" are also published in Russian, "I am a Ghost Writer" is published in German, and again, "World's End Girlfriend" in Chinese.

Awards.

First Place  Runner-ups

Kim Yeonsu (The romanization preferred by the author according to LTI Korea) (; born 1970) is a South Korean writer.


Background.

On 29 March 2013, Dion's official website announced that the singer will perform on the Plains of Abraham in Quebec City on 27 July 2013. 2 April 2013 press release stated that Dion is preparing a one-time special event for Quebec City, her only show outside Las Vegas. She will perform her greatest hits in a show named "Céline... une seule fois" and the concert will be 80% French and 20% English songs. On 16 April 2013, it was revealed that Dion will perform songs from as far back as her 1987 "Incognito" album, including hits from "D'eux" and tracks from her 2012 album "Sans attendre". Dion already performed on the Plains of Abraham on 22 August 2008 in front of 250,000 spectators and a DVD with this show titled "Céline sur les Plaines" was released on 11 November 2008. On 23 April 2013, her official website announced in another press release that Dion will return to France and Belgium in November 2013 for a limited number of exceptional shows, the only ones scheduled in Europe after her 2008's Taking Chances World Tour. Dion will tour to celebrate the success of "Sans attendre", which has sold over 1.5 million copies worldwide. The set list for the "Céline... une seule fois" concert was revealed on 24 May 2013. On 19 June 2013, after selling out all seven dates of the Sans attendre Tour in Belgium and France, Dion added another concert on 4 December 2013. Later, a ninth and last date was added as well.  "Céline... une seule fois" was planned for 60,000 people but in order to ensure comfort and safety, only 42,495 tickets were available and they all sold-out. It took 10,000 hours to install the gigantic stage. Measuring 224 ft (68m) long by 86 ft (26m) wide and weighing 300,000 pounds (136 tons), it was the largest stage in Canada. Dion decided to have a "rock" look with a good dose of glamour and wore during her concert creations by Balmain, Atelier Versace, Elie Saab and Alexandre Vauthier. The actual set list performed in Quebec City differed slightly to the one published before the event. Dion did not perform "Rolling in the Deep", "The Prayer" and "Regarde-moi" from "D'eux" (out of respect for the victims of the recent Lac-Mégantic derailment, as the song's lyrics refer to a train going out of control). Instead she sang the title track from her upcoming English album "Loved Me Back to Life", "Ce n'était qu'un rêve" and Félix Leclerc's "Bozo". While in Quebec City for the concert, Dion was presented the Companion to the Order of Canada, the highest civilian honour in the country, by the Governor General in a ceremony at the Citadel. On 8 August 2013, René Angélil and Dion announced that many elements from the concert in Quebec will be incorporated into the concerts in Europe, a large part of the same repertoire will be used, but in a different way. In Europe, Dion did not perform "Ce n'était qu'un rêve", "Bozo", "Je n'ai pas besoin d'amour" from "Sans attendre" and "Je danse dans ma tête/Des mots qui sonnent/Incognito" medley. Instead she sang: "Where Does My Heart Beat Now", "Water and a Flame", "At Seventeen", "Un garçon pas comme les autres (Ziggy)", "Regarde-moi", "Tout l'or des hommes", "Je ne vous oublie pas" and "Immensité".

Content.

On 14 April 2014, Dion's official website announced that the one-night only "Céline... une seule fois" show on the historic Plains of Abraham in Quebec City will be released on 19 May 2014. The set titled "Céline une seule fois / Live 2013" will include a DVD/Blu-ray of the entire concert and two live CDs which also include four bonus tracks from Dion's 2013 sold-out Paris shows. The show opens with "Ce n'était qu'un rêve", Dion's debut single from 1981, and contains her greatest hits, including tracks from her recent commercially successful French-language release "Sans attendre" and the world debut of the single "Loved Me Back to Life" from her same-titled album, released later that year. Taped shortly after the Lac-Mégantic derailment, Dion dedicated the show to the victims of the train crash that killed forty-seven on 6 July 2013. The four bonus tracks include: "Tout l'or des hommes", "Un garçon pas comme les autres (Ziggy)", "Water and a Flame" and "Regarde-moi" from "D'eux". The concert also includes duet with Jean-Marc Couture on "J'irai où tu iras". Couture, winner of "Star Académie" in 2012, was also the opening act for "Céline... une seule fois". The performance of "Loved Me Back to Life" was used as a music video for this single and released on 18 September 2013.

Singles.

"Celle qui m'a tout appris" was chosen as the first single from "Céline une seule fois / Live 2013" and fourth from "Sans attendre". On 8 April 2014, it was sent to radio in France. On 29 April 2014, the song was also released to Canadian radio stations. The music video for "Celle qui m'a tout appris" taken from the "Céline... une seule fois" concert was uploaded onto Dion's official Vevo channel on 6 May 2014.

Promotion.

On 10 August 2013, "Céline... une seule fois" became available on Quebec's Vidéotron pay TV and pay-per-view (PPV). On 29 November 2013, the concert re-titled "Celine Dion Only Once" was broadcast in Latin America on DirecTV (Argentina, Chile, Colombia, Ecuador, Peru and Venezuela). In December 2013, it was also broadcast on three European channels: Swiss RTS Deux (24 December), French D8 (25 December) and Belgian La Une (31 December; rebroadcast on 5 January 2014). On 20 April 2014, "Céline... une seule fois " was broadcast on TVA in Canada. It was later nominated for the Félix Award for Television Show of the Year - Music but lost to "La Voix". The trailer for "Céline une seule fois / Live 2013" was uploaded onto Dion's official Vevo channel on 28 April 2014. Four days later, Dion's official website released photos from the "Céline une seule fois / Live 2013" booklet.

Commercial performance.

"Céline une seule fois / Live 2013" was released in selected countries as an audio/video combo but charted on the album charts only. It peaked inside top ten in France (number two), Belgium Wallonia (number four), Canada (number ten on the Canadian Albums Chart and number four in Quebec) and China (number one on the Western Albums Chart and number three on the Overall Albums Chart). "Céline une seule fois / Live 2013" has sold 18,547 copies in the first week in France, and debuted at the second position, losing to Coldplay's "Ghost Stories". In Canada, it has sold 5,319 units in the first week and entered the Canadian Albums Chart at number ten. In the second week, the album fell to number three in France selling 10,271 copies and went down to number fourteen in Canada with sales of 2,032 units. In the third and fourth week in France, "Céline une seule fois / Live 2013" fell to number eight and fourteen, selling 5,200 and 4,500 copies respectively. The album has sold over 64,100 copies in France and was certified Gold in December 2014. It also reached number eleven on the main chart in Switzerland (and number five on the Romandy chart), and peaked inside top forty in the Netherlands, Belgium Flanders, Italy and on the Korean International Albums Chart.

Céline une seule fois / Live 2013 is a live album/home video by Canadian singer, Celine Dion. It was released on 16 May 2014 as a three-disc set (2CD/DVD and 2CD/Blu-ray). The album/video was recorded on 27 July 2013 on the historic Plains of Abraham in Quebec City during the one-night only "Céline... une seule fois" show. The CD also includes four bonus tracks recorded in Paris during Dion's sold-out Tournée Européenne 2013 in November and December 2013.


Observations.

A gamma-ray burst (GRB) is a highly luminous flash of gamma rays, the most energetic form of electromagnetic radiation. GRBs were first detected in 1967 by the Vela satellites, a series of spacecraft designed to detect nuclear explosions.  GRB 970228 was detected on 28 February 1997 at 02:58 UTC by the Gamma-Ray Burst Monitor (GRBM) and one of the Wide Field Cameras (WFCs) on board BeppoSAX, an Italian–Dutch satellite originally designed to study X-rays. The burst lasted around 80 seconds and had multiple peaks in its light curve. Gamma-ray bursts have very diverse time profiles, and it is not fully understood why some bursts have multiple peaks and some have only one. One possible explanation is that multiple peaks are formed when the source of the gamma-ray burst undergoes precession. Within a few hours, the BeppoSAX team used the X-ray detection to determine the burst's position with an error box—a small area around the specific position to account for the error in the position—of 3 arcminutes. The burst was also detected by the Ulysses space probe.  About one and nine days later, optical images of the error box were taken with the William Herschel Telescope on La Palma; comparison of the images revealed a fading point source located at a right ascension of and a declination of, providing the first arcsecond-accuracy localization of any Gamma-ray burst.  Later images after the point source faded revealed a faint galaxy at almost the same position, the presumed host galaxy of the burst; a chance position coincidence was unlikely but possible, so the cosmological origin of GRBs was not conclusive until observations of GRB 970508 about two months later.

Afterglow.

In 1993, Bohdan Paczyński and James E. Rhoads published an article arguing that, regardless of the type of explosion that causes GRBs, the extreme energetics of GRBs meant that matter from the host body must be ejected at relativistic speeds during the explosion. They predicted that the interaction between the ejecta and interstellar matter would create a shock front. Should this shock front occur in a magnetic field, accelerated electrons in it would emit long-lasting synchrotron radiation in the radio frequencies, a phenomenon that would later be referred to as a radio afterglow. Jonathan Katz later concluded that this lower-energy emission would not be limited to radio waves, but should range in frequency from radio waves to x-rays, including visible light.  The Narrow Field Instruments on board BeppoSAX began making observations of the GRB 970228's position within eight hours of its detection. A transient x-ray source was detected which faded with a power-law slope in the days following the burst. This x-ray afterglow was the first GRB afterglow ever detected. Power-law decays have since been recognized as a common feature in GRB afterglows, although most afterglows decay at differing rates during different phases of their lifetimes.  Optical images were taken of GRB 970228's position on 1 and 8 March using the William Herschel Telescope and the Isaac Newton Telescope. Comparison of the images revealed an object which had decreased in luminosity in both visible light and infrared light. This was the burst's optical afterglow. Deeper follow-up observations using the New Technology Telescope showed that the afterglow coincided with a distant, small galaxy: the first evidence of the extragalactic, cosmological nature of Gamma-ray bursts. After the gamma-ray bursts itself had faded away, very deep observations taken with the Keck telescopes showed the underlying galaxy to have a redshift of 0.695. The predicted radio afterglow was never detected for this burst. At the time of this burst's discovery, GRBs were believed to emit radiation isotropically. The afterglows from this burst and several others—such as GRB 970508 and GRB 971214—provided early evidence that GRBs emit radiation in collimated jets, a characteristic which lowers the total energy output of a burst by several orders of magnitude.

Supernova relation.

Daniel Reichart of the University of Chicago and Titus Galama of the University of Amsterdam independently analyzed GRB 970228's optical light curve, both concluding that the host object may have undergone a supernova explosion several weeks before the gamma-ray burst occurred.  Galama analyzed the light curve of the burst and found that its luminosity decayed at different rates at different times. The luminosity decayed more slowly between March 6 and April 7 than it did before and after these dates. Galama concluded that the earlier light curve had been dominated by the burst itself, whereas the later light curve was produced by the underlying Type Ic supernova. Reichart noted that the late afterglow was redder than the early afterglow, an observation which conflicted with the then-preferred relativistic fireball model for the gamma-ray burst emission mechanism. He also observed that the only GRB with a similar temporal profile was GRB 980326, for which a supernova relation had already been proposed by Joshua Bloom.  An alternative explanation for the light curves of GRB 970228 and GRB 980326 involved dust echoes. Although GRB 980326 did not provide enough information to definitively rule out this explanation, Reichart showed that the light curve of GRB 970228 could only have been caused by a supernova. Definitive evidence linking gamma-ray bursts and supernovae was eventually found in the spectrum of GRB 020813 and the afterglow of GRB 030329. However, supernova-like features only become apparent in the weeks following a burst, leaving the possibility that very early luminosity variations could be explained by dust echoes.

Host galaxy.

During the night between 12 and 13 March, Jorge Melnick made observations of the region with the New Technology Telescope. He discovered a faint nebular patch at the burst's position, almost certainly a distant galaxy. Although there was a remote chance that the burst and this galaxy were unrelated, their positional coincidence provided strong evidence that GRBs occur in distant galaxies rather than within the Milky Way. This conclusion was later supported by observations of GRB 970508, the first burst to have its redshift determined.  The position of the burst's afterglow was measurably offset from the centroid of the host galaxy, effectively ruling out the possibility that the burst originated in an active galactic nucleus. The redshift of the galaxy was later determined to be z = 0.695, which corresponds to a distance of approximately. At this distance, the burst would have released a total of assuming isotropic emission.

GRB 970228 was the first gamma-ray burst (GRB) for which an afterglow was observed. It was detected on 28 February 1997 at 02:58 UTC. Since 1993, physicists had predicted GRBs to be followed by a lower-energy afterglow (in wavelengths such as radio waves, x-rays, and even visible light), but until this event, GRBs had only been observed in highly luminous bursts of high-energy gamma rays (the most energetic form of electromagnetic radiation); this resulted in large positional uncertainties which left their nature very unclear.