History.

The Surface Pro 4 was announced on October 6, 2015 alongside the Surface Book. Both devices were available for pre-order the following day and available for customers beginning on October 26, 2015.  The device initially exhibited failure to sleep properly, which drained the battery very quickly. Microsoft subsequently developed a fix that was made available on February 17, 2016.

Features.

Hardware.

The Surface Pro 4 is the same size as the Surface Pro 3, but has a thinner screen bezel which allows for a display of a slightly greater size of. The screen resolution is also greater than the Surface Pro 3's, at 2736x1824 at 267 PPI, with the same aspect ratio of 3:2 and 10-point multi-touch. The chassis is thinner and lighter than the Surface Pro 3.  The cooling system of the 2-in-1 has been redesigned and dubbed "hybrid liquid cooling system". It includes heat pipes with a flowing liquid, which is meant to avoid the use of the internal fan when the device is used for less demanding tasks such as web browsing.  All Surface Pro 4 models feature 6th-generation Skylake Intel Core processors—m3, i5 or i7—which are more powerful and run cooler over its Intel Core Haswell predecessors found in the Surface Pro 3 and 2. The maximum clock rate of the most powerful CPU option (i7-6650U) is also greater at 2.2 GHz, with up to 3.4 GHz in the Turbo Boost mode. The m3-powered model is completely fanless.  RAM and SSD options available are 4, 8, 16 GB and 128, 256, 512, 1024 GB respectively; the top options are two times as capacious compared to top options of the Surface Pro 4's two recent predecessors.  The common traits, inherited from the previous-generation Surface Pro 3, are a continuous "kickstand", magnesium casing with a silver-colored back side, 802.11a/b/g/n/ac Wi-Fi radio, Bluetooth 4.0 Low Energy, full-size USB 3.0 port, microSD card reader, headset jack, Mini DisplayPort, Cover Port, and a renamed "SurfaceConnect", a port on the side to connect a wall charger, Docking Station or Surface Dock accessories.

Software.

All Surface Pro 4 models come with a 64-bit version of Windows 10 Pro and a Microsoft Office 30-day trial. Windows 10 comes pre-installed with Mail, Calendar, People, Xbox (app), Photos, Movies and TV, Groove, and Microsoft Edge. With Windows 10, a "Tablet mode" is available when the Type Cover is detached from the device. In this mode, all windows are opened full-screen and the interface becomes more touch-centric. The device also has a Windows Hello-compatible camera. It combines the use of a regular and infrared cameras to authenticate the user.

Accessories.

The Surface Pro 4 is backward compatible with all accessories of its predecessor. At the Windows 10 Devices Event on October 6, 2015, alongside new Surface 2-in-1s, new accessories were announced.  The "Surface Dock" is a redesigned docking accessory in a brick form factor. It is compatible with all past and future Surface models with a "SurfaceConnect" side port, previously used to connect a wall charger or "Docking Station" accessory: Surface Pro 3, 4 and Surface Book. The Surface Dock will have 2 Mini DisplayPorts, 1 Gigabit Ethernet, 4 USB 3.0, and 1 audio out ports.  Although Surface Pro 4 is backward compatible with "Type Cover" accessory of Surface Pro 3, an attachable keyboard which doubles as a screen protector, the "Surface Pro 4 Type Cover" has been announced with and without a fingerprint ID sensor. The new Type Cover is thinner and lighter than its predecessor, has improved magnetic stability for lap use, a mechanical keyboard with improved key spacing, as well as a larger touchpad.  An updated version of "Surface Pen" is included with the Surface Pro 4, which has 1024 levels of pressure sensitivity and is heavier with a rubberized tip. However, the new pen has only one button on the side rather than the previous pen's two. There is an eraser on the end that doubles as a button, which may perform different tasks, like opening the OneNote app or activating Cortana, and can be customized using the Surface App.

Issues.

The Surface Pro 4 is known to have wide spread flicker issues with the display named as Flickergate after the independent website flickergate.com which was set up by the affected users after getting no fix from Microsoft.  Microsoft's spokesperson acknowledged the issue stating:  "We are aware that some customers have experienced a screen flicker on Surface Pro 4 and are monitoring the situation closely. Customers impacted by this should contact Microsoft support."  Microsoft has stated that bad batteries, pens and Type Covers may be repaired under warranty.  The Type Cover also has connectivity issues that afflict many, often due to a Windows update. This seems to be a common issue across the Surface series, with a sudden death to the Type Cover.

Reception.

The Surface Pro 4 received generally positive reviews from technology critics. Most praise a sharper and larger display compared to the one found in the predecessor, redesigned cooling system, improved technical specifications, and an improved Type Cover. The common disadvantages found by reviewers were that the Type Cover is still a separate purchase, the relatively modest performance of the Intel Core m3 chip, and modest battery life.

The Surface Pro 4 is the fourth-generation Surface-series 2-in-1 detachable, designed, developed, marketed, and produced by Microsoft. The Surface Pro 4 was announced on October 6, 2015 alongside the Surface Book. In the U.S. and Canada, the Surface Pro 4 was released on October 26, 2015.


Career.

Club.

Turysbek started his career in Sunkar, after youth career in same club. He had 13 appearances and 1 goal in Kazakhstan Premier League. In the first half of 2014, he played with Spartak Semey. In the summer of 2014, he moved abroad and joined Serbian SuperLiga club Radnički Niš. He made his Jelen SuperLiga debut for Radnički Niš on 29 September 2014 in away lost against Spartak Subotica with result 1–0. He was substituted in for Vladan Pavlović in the 85th minute of the match with number 44 on his back. He made 4 appearances with Radnički Niš in the first half of the 2014–15 season, before returning to Kazakhstan and joining top-flight side FC Zhetysu in early 2015.  On 21 June 2016, Turysbek signed a three-and-a-half-year contract with FC Kairat.  On 11 January 2018, FC Tobol announced the signing of Turysbek on a two-year contract.

International.

On June 10, 2017, he was part of the Kazakhstan national football team in a quilifiying game for the 2018 FIFA World Cup against Denmark, but ended being an unused substitute.  He was called again for the next round of qualifiers but this time he debuted by entering as substitute in 62 minute, in a game against Montenegro played on September 1, 2017, that Montenegro won by 3-0. He scored his first international goal in a 3-1 loss against Romania.

Career statistics.

International.

"Statistics accurate as of match played 16 October 2018"

Bauyrzhan Turysbek (, born 15 October 1991) is a Kazakhstani football midfielder who plays for FC Tobol in Kazakhstan Premier League.


Plot.

The game takes place in a world called "Skylands", a realm filled with adventure and floating islands. It is the very center of the universe where it is constantly threatened by evil forces who seek to rule Skylands and gain access to all worlds. Luckily, a band of heroes called the Skylanders use their abilities and machinery to defend their world from various threats, which they have done for generations. They have worked with the Portal Masters in keeping peace and balance in Skylands, battling the forces of evil, and protecting the Core of Light. Unfortunately, Kaos (the main antagonist of the franchise) has destroyed the Core of Light (in the first game Spyro's adventure) and now Skylands is in his hands. It is up to the player to send the Skylanders into the game and stop Kaos. The Skylanders have an unbreakable bond with their Portal Masters. Though they are not servants, the Skylanders chose to serve their Portal Master and do so eagerly. Each Skylander is associated with one of the ten elements of Skylands: Earth, Air, Fire, Water, Magic, Tech, Life, Undead, Light, and Dark (both recently added).  The main plot is the Skylanders going through levels to defeat Kaos, the series' main antagonist, and stop him from ruling over Skylands.  The console versions of each game follow identical storylines, while the Nintendo 3DS versions follow stories different from those of the console versions.

Games.

"Spyro's Adventure" (2011).

This is the very first edition of the Skylanders franchise. There are 32 Skylanders in this game, and each has one of eight elements assigned to them, which allows them to open element-specific gates that are found throughout the game.  Skylander characters from this game have a green base.

"Giants" (2012).

"Giants" is the second installment in the "Skylanders" series set as a direct sequel to "Spyro's Adventure". It introduces a new team of Skylanders called the "Giants," massive creatures who were the first Skylanders assembled to stop the reign of Arkeyans. Unlike the other Skylanders, the Giants can lift, throw, and destroy trees as well as walking over things that may contain lions. The players use the Giants when Kaos has found a way to reactivate the Arkeyan Conquertron.  Skylander characters from this game have an orange base.

"SWAP Force" (2013).

"SWAP Force" is the third installment. Taking place in another part of Skylands called the Cloudbreak Islands, the player takes control of a new group of Skylanders called the "SWAP Force" who hold the ability to swap halves and abilities. Together, the SWAP Force and the Skylanders fight Kaos and his mother Kaossandra.  Skylander characters from this game have a blue base.

"Trap Team" (2014).

"Trap Team" is the fourth installment in the franchise. It introduces the Trap mechanic, which allows players to “trap” in-game enemies in element-specific Trap Keys which are shards of traptainium called "trap crystals". The trapped enemies can then be summoned as playable characters for a limited time.  Skylander characters from this game have a red base.

"SuperChargers" (2015).

"SuperChargers" is the fifth installment in the series. It introduces a new group of Skylanders called the "SuperChargers" who pilot special vehicles that allow the Skylanders to create rifts to travel through like portals. Two characters included on the Nintendo console versions are "Mario" franchise characters Donkey Kong as Turbo Charge Donkey Kong and Bowser as Hammer Slam Bowser. The two also function as amiibo figures.  The Wii version of the game is titled "Skylanders: Superchargers Racing" and does not have adventure segments from the Wii U and PS3 versions. The Nintendo 3DS version also carries that same name and likewise focusses on the racing elements only. This was the last game to be released on tablets.  Skylanders from this game have an engine base.

"Imaginators" (2016).

A sixth game was released on October 16, 2016 in North America, October 14, 2016 in Europe, and October 13, 2016 in Australia and New Zealand. In June 2016, Activision announced that the game would be titled "Skylanders Imaginators", which allows players to create and customize their own Skylanders called Imaginators. The title was developed by Toys for Bob.  Crash Bandicoot and Doctor Neo Cortex are guest stars as playable characters in the game, marking their first appearance in a video game since "Crash Bandicoot Nitro Kart 2" in 2010. They are exclusive to the PlayStation 3 and PlayStation 4 starter packs, but are playable on all consoles. Crash and Cortex appear as part of the Sensei Skylanders whose job is to train the Imaginators.  On 13 January 2017, Activision announced that "Imaginators" would be released on the Nintendo Switch.

Spin-offs.

Activision released seven "Skylanders" spin-off games on mobile devices. These titles include:

Figures.

In addition to the standard figures, there are variants such as "Dark Spyro" for "Skylanders: Spyro's Adventure" and "Punch Pop Fizz" for "Skylanders: Giants", both available in the Nintendo 3DS versions of the respective game, "legendary" variants (exclusive to Toys "R" Us in the US), "Nitro" variants (exclusive to Target in the US), and "chase" variants which are just an aesthetic difference on the figure with no in-game difference.  The introduced the "Giants," larger Skylanders who can lift trees and boulders, move islands, and other things normal Skylanders can't do. There are also Series 2 versions of the returning characters that featured a new exclusive upgrade called a Wow Pow Power as well as the ability to switch upgrade paths. "Lightcore" figures light up while on the portal and have a light bomb attack when first entered into the game level. Giant figures also light up, but do not have the light bomb attack. There were 8 giants, 8 new "core" characters, 24 re-posed characters, 8 lightcore figures, 3 magic items, and 4 sidekicks. The 8 characters from "Spyro's Adventure" that did not get a new figurine in "Giants" are referred to by collectors as "the forgotten eight".  The third game of the series,, introduces the "SWAP Force" figures with the ability to switch top and bottom halves, as well as returning characters featuring an additional Wow Pow ability that differs from their previous reposes'. There were 16 SWAP Force Skylanders, 16 new core characters, 16 reposed figures, and 8 lightcore figures.  "", the fourth game of the series, introduced the Trap Master Skylanders, characters who wield big weapons made of Traptanium, and traps that allow the capturing of enemies in the game and playing as them. It also introduced Mini figurines and two new elements, Dark and Light. Minis differ from earlier sidekicks by being playable in-game. They were sold in double packs with their normal-sized counterpart. There were 18 Trap Masters, 18 new core characters, 5 returning characters, and 16 minis.  On February 5, 2015, Activision announced that a fifth "Skylanders" game was in development. It was scheduled to be released in the fall. It was later listed on Amazon as 'Skylanders: SuperChargers'. On June 3, 2015 Activision announced ""'s release date was on September 20, 2015. This installment introduced the SuperChargers where they ride special vehicles and its members consist of past Skylanders who are reimagined, as well as SuperCharger Skylanders who are new to the video game series. Two characters included are Nintendo characters Donkey Kong and Bowser. They have announced with it a card game called Battlecast for iOS and Android where battle cards of Skylanders and villains can be scanned into the game and fight. As of 2020, the digital version of Battlecast is unplayable.

Inclusions.

From "Skylanders Spyro's Adventure" to "Trap Team", each character figurine comes with a sticker sheet, collector's card, and unique code. Superchargers and Imaginators figures don't include these, likely due to the massive decline in the popularity of web-based games at the time. The code can be used to unlock the character in Skylanders games that don't use the Portal of Power (mobile and web-based games).

Types.

The majority of NFC toys for "Skylanders" are playable characters, but there are also magic items, level unlockers, and game-specific items (traps, vehicles, creation crystals). In "Imaginators", there are a few characters (Crash Bandicoot, Dr. Neo Cortex, Wild Storm, and Ro-Bow) that act as level unlockers.

Universe.

Characters.

While the Skylanders are the main playable characters in the series, they are aided by many supporting characters and face many villains throughout their adventures. The players act as "Portal Masters" where they place the Skylander figure on the portal to operate them.  Spyro the Dragon is a popular Skylander where he is the number one defender of Skylands. Each of the Skylanders were discovered by a Portal Master named Master Eon, Spyro, or another Skylander after they were shown fighting off threats to their homeland. Some Skylanders, like Camo, are based off artworks or media.  Known allies of the Skylanders include the Mabu pilot Flynn, the Mabu adventurer Cali, Master Eon's Mabu assistant Hugo, the Woodburrow inhabitant Tessa and her bird Whiskers, the fairy Persephone, and the veteran Mabu Buzz.  A dark Portal Master named Kaos serves as the primary antagonist of the series. Outside of being served by his Troll butler Glumshanks, Kaos is served by armies of Cyclopes, Drows, Chompies, Greebles, Spell Punks, and Trolls, as well as numerous other supporting characters such as Kaossandra, Mesmerelda, the Darkness, and Brain.

Skylands.

The Skylands is the main setting of the series, a world lying at the very center of the universe. It consists of many floating islands where each one has its own ecosystems like forests, rainforests, deserts, arctic areas, swamps, mountains, and oceanic areas.  Each of the games has a hub where the Skylanders can start their missions from:

Music.

Lorne Balfe has composed the soundtracks to all the "Skylanders" games thus far, while Hans Zimmer composed the main theme.

Media.

Novels.

A series of books in the "Skylanders" franchise started with "Skylanders: The Machine of Doom" that takes place before the events of "Skylanders: Spyro's Adventure". It was written by Cavan Scott, who would later write sequels to the novel under the "Skylanders: The Mask of Power" series, which also serve as prequels to "Spyro's Adventure".

IDW Publishing.

IDW Publishing created a comic series associated with the "Skylanders" franchise that has events that take place in between the games.

Possible film.

Activison has commented on the possibility of a movie and TV series based on the "Skylanders" reboot as something that they could look into in the future. On May 6, 2014, Activision CEO Eric Hirshberg announced that the Activision team had an interest in "jumping on the film adaptation bandwagon" and adapting "Skylanders" into a film.

TV series.

In 2015, it was announced that Activision Blizzard Studios would produce an animated television series based on "Skylanders". The first season debuted on Netflix on October 28, 2016, the second season on October 6, 2017 and the third and final season premiered on September 28, 2018. On April 30, 2019, it was announced that Skylanders Academy was cancelled.

Reception.

"Skylanders: Spyro's Adventure" received generally favorable reviews, many praising the technological use of the "Portal of Power." Although some reviewers criticized the absence of online multiplayer, the toys for the Skylanders were widely praised. "Skylanders: Spyro's Adventure" was nominated for two Toy Industry Association awards: "Game of the Year" and "Innovative Toy of the Year."  "Skylanders Giants" was released to generally positive reviews. However, the reviews from GameRankings and Metacritic were slightly lower than that of the previous game on some platforms. Cheat Code Central gave the game 9.2/10 and commented that "it feels like someone finally got everything right when creating a sequel," and praising the ability to use the Skylanders toys from the first game in the second.  "Skylanders: SWAP Force" was released to very positive reviews, with the reviews from GameRankings and Metacritic being the highest and most genuinely positive of the series so far across all platforms. Gaming website "Quarter To Three" gave both the Wii U and Xbox 360 a perfect score of 5/5. Video Game website "Gaming Age" gave the PlayStation 3 version the highest grade of an "A" and further commented that "Whether you’re a Skylanders fan or a gamer who’s looking for a charming and unique family-friendly game series to get into, Skylanders SWAP Force comes highly recommended."  "Skylanders: Trap Team" was released to positive reviews. However, the reviews from GameRankings and Metacritic were slightly lower than that of the previous game on most platforms with only the IOS/Tablet version receiving the highest score.  "Skylanders: SuperChargers" received positive reviews. The reviews from GameRankings and Metacritic were better than the previous game on most Platforms, with the exception of the Xbox One version slightly lower and the Wii and iOS versions having the highest scores.  As of February 2015, the Skylanders series has crossed the threshold of $3 billion in sales, with 175 million toys sold since 2011, making the series one of the top 20 highest-selling video game franchises of all time. As of 2015, over 250 million toys were sold. As of 2016, over 300 million toys have been sold and the franchise has become the 11th biggest console franchise of all time.

Skylanders is a toys-to-life action video game series published by Activision. A spin-off of the "Spyro" series, "Skylanders" games are played by placing character figures called the Skylanders on the "Portal of Power," a device that reads the figures' tags through NFC and "imports" the character represented by the figure into the game as a playable character.


About.

Tujunga Wash consists of two forks, both beginning in the San Gabriel Mountains. The upper portion of Big Tujunga Wash is called Tujunga Creek, or Big Tujunga Creek. It travels roughly east to west, and several tributaries from the north and south join it as it flows to Big Tujunga Reservoir, formed by Big Tujunga Dam. Below the dam, the stream is called Big Tujunga Wash. It continues its westward flow, enters San Fernando Valley and is met by Little Tujunga Wash a mile before reaching Hansen Reservoir, which is formed by Hansen Dam. Little Tujunga Wash comes from the north, draining the portion of the San Gabriel Mountains immediately north of Hansen Reservoir. Downstream of the dam, Tujunga Wash flows roughly south and is met halfway to its confluence with the Los Angeles River by Pacoima Wash, which drains the other side of the mountains that Little Tujunga Wash drains. Finally, Tujunga Wash meets the Los Angeles River near Studio City, California. Big Tujunga Dam was built by Los Angeles County and completed in 1931. Big Tujunga Reservoir can hold of water. In the Los Angeles Flood of 1938 it was tested. The dam is currently undergoing a seismic retrofit, which includes doubling the thickness of the gravity arch dam. Hansen Dam was built by the United States Army Corps of Engineers and completed in 1940. Hansen Reservoir can hold of water. Their primary purposes are flood control, although they also provide some groundwater recharge. Water cannot percolate in the lower portion of the watershed because it is so urbanized that there is little bare ground and streambeds have been transformed into concrete channels, and the water flows too fast in the upper reaches of the watershed to sink into the ground very much. As a result, the majority of the water is discharged into the ocean.  In 1969 there was a flood in the Tujunga Wash: water flowed down a formerly inactive channel and entered a large gravel pit 15 m to 23 m deep. The channel bed degraded by about 4 meters, leading to failure of three highway bridges and loss of seven homes.

Crossings.

From north to south (year built in parentheses):

Tujunga Wash is a stream in Los Angeles County, California. It is a tributary of the Los Angeles River, providing about a fifth of its flow, and drains about. It is called a wash because it is usually dry, especially the lower reaches, only carrying significant flows during and after storms, which usually only occur between November and April. The name of the wash derives from a Tongva village name.


Institutional arrangements.

From its initial enactment in 1982, the implementation of the Nauru Agreement was coordinated by the Pacific Islands Forum Fisheries Agency (FFA). However a separate PNA Office was created in 2010, based in Majuro, Marshall Islands. The current (2017) PNA chief executive officer is Ludwig Kumoru of Papua New Guinea, who succeeded Dr Transform Aqorau of Solomon Islands in 2016.

Fishing rules.

In October 2010, the eight member states Parties to the Nauru Agreement (PNA) extended their prohibition on tuna purse-seine fishing in approximately 4.5 million square kilometres of the Pacific Ocean high seas by purse-seine vessels licensed to fish in their combined Exclusive Economic Zones. The extension was unveiled at the 6th meeting of the Technical and Compliance Committee of the Western and Central Pacific Fisheries Commission (WCPFC).  Other recent actions by the Parties to the Nauru Agreement include a prohibition on setting purse-seine nets around whale sharks, a ban on fishing near fish aggregation devices during the months of July, August and September (with an option to extend this for up to an additional three months if scientific advice suggests that tuna stocks would benefit), a requirement for 100% observer coverage aboard purse-seiners, a minimum mesh-size, and a requirement for retention of all catch of tuna on board (no discards).  The full range of fishery management instruments implemented by the Parties to the Nauru Agreement includes:  These PNA-specific measures are also supplemented by the "Harmonized Minimum Terms and Conditions for Access to FFA member EEZs by Foreign Fishing Vessels", agreed by all FFA member countries including the Parties to the Nauru Agreement. These terms and conditions apply to all foreign fishing vessels, not just purse-seiners, and include a requirement for an Automatic Location Communicator to be switched on at all times and reporting to the regional Vessel Monitoring System, minimum standards for reporting to national authorities, and a requirement for annual regional vessel registration.  In May 2012 the PNA Fisheries Ministers met in Alotau, Papua New Guinea, and through a Resolution on Marine Animals. gave their commitment to implement even stronger management measures in their joint EEZs order to maintain sustainable tuna fisheries and minimise impact on bycatch species The new commitments include:

PNA Fisheries Ministers meetings.

At the May 2012 meeting in Alotau, Papua New Guinea, the Fisheries Ministers also approved a PNA Office Business Plan, and welcomed Tokelau as a party to the Palau Arrangement Purse-Seine Vessel Days Management Scheme.  In June 2015 the PNA Fisheries Ministers met in Palikir, Pohnpei, under the chairmanship of Elisala Pita of Tuvalu, which in 2015 has refused to sell fishing days to certain nations and fleets that have blocked Tuvaluan initiatives to develop and sustain their own fishery. Elisala Pita also said that Tuvalu was disappointed with the outcomes of recent meetings of the WCPFC as some fishing nations had tried to avoid their responsibilities and commitment to sustainable fishing.

MSC certification.

In December 2011, the PNA purse-seine free-school skipjack fishery was certified according to Marine Stewardship Council standards as being sustainable. This means that products made from skipjack tuna caught from free schools (without setting near Fish Aggregation Devices or other floating objects) by PNA-licensed and product-chain-certified purse-seiners will be eligible for the MSC label. The PNA free-school skipjack purse-seine fishery is one of the largest fisheries certified by the MSC.  Like all such certificates, this approval is issued according to the fulfilment of certain conditions and requirements over the course of its duration.

PNA Chairpersons.

Because the PNA is a member-driven institution, the PNA Chair plays a fundamental role, both as spokesperson and as arbiter of consensus within the group. Unlike some other regional organisations, where Chairs are actively occupied only during annual governing council meetings, chairing the PNA requires a significant investment of time throughout the year. The catches taken by the fisheries that are controlled by the standards, rules and decisions agreed between the Parties to the Nauru Agreement are worth several billion US dollars per annum, and decisions may need to be made at any time to sustain these fisheries as new challenges arise. The PNA Chair is selected by Parties annually.

Award.

The PNA was named the Organization of the Year for 2010 by the regional news magazine "Islands Business".  PNA earned the Seafood Champion Award for Vision at the Global Seafood Summit in Malta in 2016. According to the Environmental Justice Foundation, PNA earned the award for "seeing the need to manage the Western and Central Pacific tuna fishery for the long term and quickly taking effective action".

The Nauru Agreement Concerning Cooperation in the Management of Fisheries of Common Interest, or The Nauru Agreement is an Oceania subregional agreement between the Federated States of Micronesia, Kiribati, the Marshall Islands, Nauru, Palau, Papua New Guinea, Solomon Islands and Tuvalu. The eight signatories collectively control 25–30% of the world's tuna supply and approximately 60% of the western and central Pacific tuna supply.


Geography.

San Carlos is far from Asunción at 589 km, 90 km from the Brazilian port of the same name "San Carlos do Apa" and 200 km from Concepción. It is located on the border with Brazil.

Climate.

The maximum temperature reaches 40 degrees in summer, while the minimum in winter is up to minus 2 degrees. The average is 24 degrees Celsius.  The rainfall times are plentiful from November to January, and the driest months are from June to September. Winds are from the north, east and southeast.

Demographics.

San Carlos has a total of 690 inhabitants, of which 438 are men and 252 women. In urban areas there are 444 people and in rural areas 246.

Economy.

Residents of San Carlos are principally engaged in livestock and agriculture. The city is a reserve of clover plantation.  San Carlos has a landing field for light aircraft.

Getting there.

You reach the city by the west through farms, and by the east, passing through agricultural settlements, such as Colony Jose Felix Lopez, "Puentesiño" and Paso Bravo National Park. It has runways for air transport.  It is located 680 km north of Asunción.

History.

The Fortress of San Carlos was built in 1796 by order of Governor of Paraguay, Don Joaquin de Alos y Bru, years after the founding of the Villa Real de la Concepcion, on a small hill a few metres from the Apa River, with the aim of defending the region against the advance of bandits and Mbayaés Indians allied with the conquerors from Brazil. There, several battles were fought. The Governor sent the commander of Villa Real de Concepción, Don Luis Bernardo Ramirez on an expedition to establish a fort on the banks of River Apa. It also had barracks, housing, oratory, storage and cooking places for the soldiers guarding it. It is a sign of the presence of Spaniards since late 1700 and the government of José Gaspar Rodríguez de Francia. During the Paraguayan War there were fought several battles at the site, in 1867, Cnel. Urbieta defeated Brazilian troops and thus regained control of the fort.

Tourist attractions.

San Carlos is considered historic and touristic, because the ruins of Fort San Carlos del Apa are located there, scenario of numerous battles. The fort has high walls surrounding it and nowadays it receives many tourists.  Another attraction of San Carlos is its exuberant nature. The Caxoeira hills, Brazil, and the Cerro Paiva, Paraguay, complement the beautiful landscape next to River Apa. In the river it is possible to navigate and fish.  The Fortress of San Carlos is a historical heritage of both Paraguay, and Brazil. It is very close to the Mato Grosso.

San Carlos del Apa is a city of Paraguay in the Concepción Department, and a historical site located between River Apa and Stream Blandengues.


Detector upgrade.

Much of the original Belle detector has been upgraded to cope with the higher instantaneous luminosity provided by the SuperKEKB accelerator. Close to the beam pipe, the two innermost layers of Belle's silicon vertex detector have been replaced by a depleted field effect transistor (DEPFET) pixel detector, and a larger the silicon vertex detector. A larger central tracking system – a wire drift chamber, has been installed. Two new particle identification systems have been installed in the forward endcap (consisting of an aerogel ring-imaging Cherenkov detector) and in the barrel (consisting of quartz bars utilising totally internally reflected Cherenkov photons and measuring the time of propagation). The original CsI(Tl) electromagnetic calorimeter has been re-used (a new pure CsI calorimeter is being designed for the forward endcap to be installed at a later stage). The calorimeter readout electronics have been upgraded. Finally, scintillators have been installed in the forward endcap and inner layers of Belle's and muon detector, the original resistive plate chambers (RPCs) from Belle are reused in the outer layers of the barrel.  The target dataset is 50ab at Belle II compared to 988fb (with 711fb at the Υ(4S) energy) at Belle.

Timeline.

The Belle II data taking is separated into three phases:  On March 25th 2019 the first collisions of the real physics program could be detected with the nearly complete Belle II detector (only half of the pixel detector is installed. The installation of the full pixel detector is planned for 2020.

The Belle II experiment is a particle physics experiment designed to study the properties of B mesons (heavy particles containing a bottom quark). Belle II is the successor to the Belle experiment, and is currently being commissioned at the SuperKEKB accelerator complex at KEK in Tsukuba, Ibaraki Prefecture, Japan. The Belle II detector was "rolled in" (moved into the collision point of SuperKEKB) in April 2017. Belle II started taking data in early 2018. Over its running period, Belle II is expected to collect around 50 times more data than its predecessor due mostly to a factor 40 increase in instantaneous luminosity provided by SuperKEKB over the original KEKB accelerator.


Early life.

Smith was born on 25 February 1923, in Barnsley, Yorkshire, the son of Albert Smith (1867–1943), an unemployed coal miner, and Lillian Dean (1894–1978). His eldest sister Marion died of tuberculosis in 1926, aged ten years; as there was no cure for the disease at the time, nor did the family have enough money to see a doctor. After his father became unemployed, the family moved to Bradford, Yorkshire, then to Halifax, West Yorkshire. Smith joined the RAF in 1941 and spent several years in Hamburg, Germany, as part of the Allied occupation force. Whilst serving there, he met his future wife, Friede. The couple returned to the UK after he was demobilised, and he worked at various jobs around the Yorkshire area.  He and Friede emigrated to Canada in November 1953, living in Scarborough (now part of Toronto) and later in Belleville, Ontario, and had three sons: Michael (born 1953), Peter (1959–2009), and John (born 1963). Smith made a career in the Oriental rug trade, as a buyer and salesman for Eaton's, specialising and importing new designs from the Middle East, the former Soviet bloc, and Afghanistan.

Writing and speaking activities.

His wife Friede died in 1999, and his middle son Peter died in 2009. After their deaths, Smith consoled himself by turning to writing. After his retirement he was a writer of memoirs and social history, dividing his time between Ontario and Yorkshire.  Smith wrote regularly for "The Guardian", commenting on politics and twentieth-century history. He attracted attention in November 2013, writing that he would not wear the remembrance poppy in future years because he felt the symbol was being used to promote support for present-day conflicts. He addressed the September 2014 Labour Party conference, speaking in support of the National Health Service (NHS) and describing how common preventable diseases "snuffed out life like a cold breath on a warm candle flame" prior to the creation of the NHS. He also spoke on BBC Radio and at the Bristol Politics Festival.  Smith said that it was the global financial crisis of 2008 that inspired him to take his "last stand", writing and campaigning on income inequality, public services and what he saw as the diminishing prospects for young people. "I want to use my time and whatever influence I have from the book to get the young in Britain to vote the only way we can: to save our social democratic institutions. I want us to make our last stand at the ballot box".  In July 2015, Smith endorsed Jeremy Corbyn's campaign in the Labour Party leadership election.  In October 2015, Smith appeared on the BBC Three documentary "We Want Our Country Back", where he sharply criticised the far-right anti-immigration political movement Britain First.  In 2016, Smith also endorsed Corbyn's re-election campaign at the Labour Party leadership election. In March 2016, he said of Corbyn: "He is a very honest-minded man. He has the desire to change things in Britain. Corbyn will change the world for the better. There is no one else". He added: "He'll learn he has to put some more weight behind it. I am behind him and will work with him".  In September 2017, Smith released his fifth book "Don't Let My Past Be Your Future". It was published by Little Brown.  Smith was also active in support of refugees during the European migrant crisis. In November 2017, he appeared on the Sky One comedy "The Russell Howard Hour", where he briefly recalled his trip to the Calais Jungle, discussed his new book and the increasing dependence on food banks in the UK. Smith and Howard also discussed the NHS, with Smith reflecting on the accessibility of medical care with a family story.  Smith wrote:I am one of the last few remaining voices left from a generation of men and women who built a better society for our children and grandchildren out of the horrors of the second world war, as well as the hunger of the Great Depression. Sadly, that world my generation helped build on a foundation of decency and fair play is being swept away by neoliberalism and the greed of the 1%, which has brought discord around the globe. Today, the western world stands at its most dangerous juncture since the 1930s.

Illness and death.

On 20 November 2018, Smith was admitted to Belleville General Hospital in critical condition after contracting pneumonia. His hospital stay prompted an international cyber-vigil on Twitter and an outpouring of support from well-wishers from around the world; including Leader of the Labour Party, Jeremy Corbyn, of whom Smith was a major supporter. He died on the morning of 28 November 2018.

Books.

Self-published autobiographical works; These two works were also published together as "The Barley Hole Chronicles" Published by Icon Books and Constable:

Harry Leslie Smith (25 February 1923 – 28 November 2018) was an English writer and political commentator. He grew up in poverty in Yorkshire, served in the Royal Air Force in the Second World War, and emigrated to Canada in 1953. After retiring, Smith wrote his memoirs and about the social history of 20th-century Britain. Smith wrote five books, about life in the Great Depression, the Second World War, and post-war austerity, and columns for "The Guardian", "New Statesman", "The Daily Mirror", "International Business Times", and the "Morning Star". He appeared in public at the 2014 Labour Party conference in Manchester, and during the 2015 general election and the 2016 EU membership referendum. In Canada he made a 2015 "Stand Up for Progress" national tour.


Geography.

According to the United States Census Bureau, the town has a total area of, of which, is land and is water.

Demographics.

2010 census.

As of the census of 2010, there were 2,300 people, 917 households, and 643 families living in the town. The population density was. There were 1,055 housing units at an average density of. The racial makeup of the town was 97.8% White, 0.3% African American, 0.4% Native American, 0.3% Asian, and 1.1% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino people of any race were 1.1% of the population.  There were 917 households of which 30.9% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 55.9% were married couples living together, 9.4% had a female householder with no husband present, 4.8% had a male householder with no wife present, and 29.9% were non-families. 22.4% of all households were made up of individuals and 8% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.47 and the average family size was 2.87.  The median age in the town was 44.1 years. 21.6% of residents were under the age of 18; 6% were between the ages of 18 and 24; 23.9% were from 25 to 44; 35.5% were from 45 to 64; and 12.9% were 65 years of age or older. The gender makeup of the town was 50.3% male and 49.7% female.

2000 census.

As of the census of 2000, there were 2,273 people, 844 households, and 620 families living in the town. The population density was 48.5 people per square mile (18.7/km2). There were 954 housing units at an average density of 20.4 per square mile (7.9/km2). The racial makeup of the town was 97.23% White, 0.18% African American, 1.23% Native American, 0.35% Asian, 0.18% Pacific Islander, 0.13% from other races, and 0.70% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino people of any race were 0.88% of the population.  There were 844 households, out of which 35.7% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 61.1% were married couples living together, 8.6% had a female householder with no husband present, and 26.5% were non-families. 20.0% of all households were made up of individuals and 5.9% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.62 and the average family size was 3.02.  In the town, the population was spread out with 26.4% under the age of 18, 5.6% from 18 to 24, 29.5% from 25 to 44, 26.8% from 45 to 64, and 11.7% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 38 years. For every 100 females, there were 98.0 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 97.6 males.  The median income for a household in the town was $38,477, and the median income for a family was $41,994. Males had a median income of $27,917 versus $21,750 for females. The per capita income for the town was $16,456. About 8.2% of families and 12.5% of the population were below the poverty line, including 14.6% of those under age 18 and 19.9% of those age 65 or over.

Amish settlement.

An Amish settlement was started in Whitefied in 2017. It grew from three families in March 2017 to 13 families in August 2018.

Whitefield is a town in Lincoln County, Maine, United States. The population was 2,300 at the 2010 census. Whitefield is named for the celebrated British evangelist George Whitefield, who inspired the colonists before the town was settled in 1770, mainly by Irish Catholics. They remembered him when incorporation came in 1809. Whitefield is included in the Augusta, Maine micropolitan New England City and Town Area.


History.

PT Tokopedia was founded by William Tanuwijaya and Leontinus Alpha Edison on 6 February, 2009. The company manages Tokopedia.com, which was publicly launched on 17 August. The founders, who was born and raised in small cities in Indonesia, tried to solve the discrepancy issues in the country. Thus, the company mission is to democratize commerce through technology. Starting with a marketplace business, Tokopedia has now grown into a technology company with marketplace, fintech, payment, logistics, fulfillment and new retail businesses. The company's name comes from combining "toko", Indonesian for "shop", with "encyclopedia".

Investments.

In 2009, PT Tokopedia received initial seed funding from PT Indonusa Dwitama of IDR 2.5 billion. In the following years, Tokopedia attracted capital injections from global venture capitals including East Ventures (2010), CyberAgent Ventures (2011), NetPrice (2012), and SoftBank Ventures Korea (2013). In October 2014, Tokopedia managed to make history as the first technology company in Southeast Asia to receive a US$100 million investment (around IDR 1.2 trillion) from Sequoia Capital and SoftBank Internet and Media Inc (SIMI). In April 2016, Tokopedia raised another $147 million. In 2017, Tokopedia received $1.1 billion investment from Chinese e-commerce giant Alibaba. Again in 2018, the company secured $1.1 billion funding round led by Chinese e-commerce giant Alibaba Group Holding and Japan's SoftBank Group putting its valuation to about $7B.

Business products.

The marketplace is Tokopedia's best-known product. Tokopedia provides a free C2C business platform for merchants and buyers. The marketplace helps merchants reach more audience than other channels. There are also official stores for well-known brands to do their B2C business. Through its marketplace products, Tokopedia offers millions of products in 25 categories. As of November 2019, Tokopedia had over 7,000,000 merchants with more than 200 million curated products ranging from food and beverages to beauty and fashion products.  Tokopedia also provides digital products such as credit, BPJS payments, utility payments, telephone payments, credit cards, flight tickets, event tickets, games vouchers, and many more.  In 2016, Tokopedia offered financial technology (FinTech) products that include digital wallets, investments, business capital loans, virtual credit cards, protection products, credit scoring based on data for a loan, and many more. In 2018, Tokopedia launched "Mitra Tokopedia" application to sell these FinTech products.  In 12 December 2018, "Fortune" reported that PT Tokopedia had raised another $1.1 billion.

Hacked.

On 2 May 2020, Tokopedia was hacked. Its leaked 15 million login details included its users' gender, location, username, full fame, email address, phone number and Hashed password. Tokopedia spokesperson Nuraini Razak confirmed that a breach had taken place and urged users to change their passwords periodically to ensure their safety and security. Few hours later the same hacker went viral under the pseudonym ShinyHunters for having put sale full Tokopedia database this time with 91 million records for $5000. Tokopedia is now working closely with several strategic partners, including the Ministry of Communication and Information Technology RI and National Cyber and Crypto Agency, to conduct a thorough investigation, while enhancing the security system in order to maintain user confidence.

Transactions.

As of November 2019, Tokopedia claims to have more than 200 million product listings and 35 digital products. It has over 90 million monthly active users and over 7 million merchants on the platform, 86.5% of whom are the first-time entrepreneurs.

Advertising campaigns.

BTS as brand ambassador.

On October 7, 2019, Tokopedia announced that the K-pop group BTS would become their brand ambassador. The campaign produced multiple commercials of BTS members dancing and promoting Tokopedia, while speaking Indonesian.

Tokopedia is an Indonesian technology company specializing in e-commerce. It was founded in 2009 by William Tanuwijaya and. It is an Indonesian unicorn along with ride hailing company Gojek, travel service firm Traveloka, e-commerce Bukalapak and fintech company OVO.


Career.

Petteri Taalas is the Secretary-General of the World Meteorological Organization. His four-year term started 1 January 2016. He has a mandate from WMO Members to develop activities that give greater support to Weather, Climate and Water services, research and development institutions and the private sector. Investments in weather and climate early warning services offer a powerful means to adapt to climate variability and change in time scales ranging from minutes to decades. Taalas has been in charge of a historical reform of the WMO constituent bodies and their working practices. E.g. the former eight technical commissions are now merged to two to promote holistic weather-climate-water-oceans-environment observing systems and services. Better engagement of private sector and world leading scientific experts, as well as key partner organizations is a part of the reform. Also reallocation of the Secretariat resources from administration to scientific and technical expertise is under way.  UN Secretary General Antonio Guterres has appointed Taalas as his climate principal as well as co-chair of the UN climate scientific advisory group. Taalas is active communicator of climate observations and science. He prefers modest and science based climate mitigation and adaptation efforts and understands the political sensitivity of related actions.  Over his career, Taalas has been an adept of change management to enhance efficiency in the various organizations with which he worked, including research institutes, government agencies, universities and private companies. It is his ambition to do so again as WMO Secretary-General. Taalas is motivated to support the developing countries and countries in economic transition, especially through project implementation, for example, in Africa, small-island developing states in the Pacific and Caribbean and in southeast Europe. This motivation guided his career prior to his appointment as WMO Secretary-General, while serving as the Director-General of the Finnish Meteorological Institute (from 2002-2015, excluding 2005-2007) and when he was Director of Development and Regional Activities at WMO from 2005-2007.  He has extensive experience in managing national and international expert organizations with demonstrated ability to enhance efficiency and implement innovation while maintaining high customer and staff satisfaction. He has a strong scientific background with an emphasis on atmospheric sciences. He has authored about 50 publications on global climate change, satellite methodologies and atmospheric chemistry.  Taalas has held several positions and board memberships in both national and international organizations, serving as a member of the WMO Executive Council and the European Centre for Medium Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF) Council, and he is past Chairman of both the EUMETSAT (2010-2014) and the EUMETNET (2003-2005) Councils. He was the first Chairman of the Board of the University of Eastern Finland (2009-2015), which was formed by merging the Universities of Kuopio and Joensuu. He was also on the advisory board and on the board of directors of Fortum energy company (2010-2015), one of the leading low carbon energy providers in Northern Europe.  During his term as the Director General of the Finnish Meteorological Institute external funding level doubled, customer and staff satisfactions rose to high levels and the amount of scientific publications tripled. To this date, FMI, one of the most advanced medium-sized weather and marine service organizations, continues to actively assists its sister organizations worldwide. Taalas has also served as a research professor and scientist at FMI dealing with global change, satellites, atmospheric chemistry and UV radiation.  As the WMO director he was reorganizing the WMO Development co-operation to pay more attention to services for members and resource mobilizing for assisting the less developed Members and their national meteorological and hydrological services.

Studies.

Taalas studied meteorology, physics, physical chemistry and international development at the University of Helsinki. He was awarded a PhD in Meteorology by the Helsinki University Physics Department in 1993, following presentation of his thesis on Arctic and Antarctic stratospheric and lower atmospheric ozone. In 1997, he became a docent at the University of Eastern Finland, and also gave lectures at University of Helsinki and Helsinki University for Technology on atmospheric dynamics, global change and Earth Observations. He also pursued management training at Helsinki University on Economics in 1998 and 2004 as well as public sector management in 2003. Prior to that he studied International management at Leonardo da Vinci University in Paris in 1996.  After his military service and training at the Naval Academy, he became a reserve officer in 1981 and a reserve captain in 2003, following a National Defense Course. Finnish is his mother tongue. He is fluent in English, has moderate skills in German and Swedish, and basic skills in Russian and French.

Life and family.

Born in Helsinki, Finland, in 1961, Taalas married Anni Taalas, nee Minkkinen, in 1986. They have two sons (born 1990 and 1996) and three daughters (1993, 1993 and 2000). He speaks fluent English and Finnish, moderate German and Swedish and basic French and Russian.

Hobbies.

Cross-country skiing, bicycling, swimming, hunting, gardening, nature.

Petteri Taalas (born 3 July 1961 in Helsinki, Finland) is the Secretary-general of the World Meteorological Organization, headquartered in Geneva, Switzerland. Appointed in 2015 by the World Meteorological Congress, the supreme body of the Organization, he took up the four-year Secretary-General term on 1 January 2016, and was re-elected to a second four year term on 13 June 2019. He was director general of the Finnish Meteorological Institute from 2002 to 2005 and 2007 to 2015.


Overview.

Spectrum analysis, also referred to as frequency domain analysis or spectral density estimation, is the technical process of decomposing a complex signal into simpler parts. As described above, many physical processes are best described as a sum of many individual frequency components. Any process that quantifies the various amounts (e.g. amplitudes, powers, intensities) versus frequency (or phase) can be called spectrum analysis.  Spectrum analysis can be performed on the entire signal. Alternatively, a signal can be broken into short segments (sometimes called "frames"), and spectrum analysis may be applied to these individual segments. Periodic functions (such as formula_1) are particularly well-suited for this sub-division. General mathematical techniques for analyzing non-periodic functions fall into the category of Fourier analysis.  The Fourier transform of a function produces a frequency spectrum which contains all of the information about the original signal, but in a different form. This means that the original function can be completely reconstructed ("synthesized") by an inverse Fourier transform. For perfect reconstruction, the spectrum analyzer must preserve both the amplitude and phase of each frequency component. These two pieces of information can be represented as a 2-dimensional vector, as a complex number, or as magnitude (amplitude) and phase in polar coordinates (i.e., as a phasor). A common technique in signal processing is to consider the squared amplitude, or power; in this case the resulting plot is referred to as a power spectrum.  Because of reversibility, the Fourier transform is called a "representation" of the function, in terms of frequency instead of time; thus, it is a frequency domain representation. Linear operations that could be performed in the time domain have counterparts that can often be performed more easily in the frequency domain. Frequency analysis also simplifies the understanding and interpretation of the effects of various time-domain operations, both linear and non-linear. For instance, only non-linear or time-variant operations can create new frequencies in the frequency spectrum.  In practice, nearly all software and electronic devices that generate frequency spectra utilize a discrete Fourier transform (DFT), which operates on samples of the signal, and which provides a mathematical approximation to the full integral solution. The DFT is almost invariably implemented by an efficient algorithm called "fast Fourier transform" (FFT). The squared-magnitude components of a DFT are a type of power spectrum called periodogram, which is widely used for examining the frequency characteristics of noise-free functions such as filter impulse responses and window functions. But the periodogram does not provide processing-gain when applied to noiselike signals or even sinusoids at low signal-to-noise ratios. In other words, the variance of its spectral estimate at a given frequency does not decrease as the number of samples used in the computation increases. This can be mitigated by averaging over time (Welch's method) or over frequency (smoothing). Welch's method is widely used for spectral density estimation (SDE). However, periodogram-based techniques introduce small biases that are unacceptable in some applications. So other alternatives are presented in the next section.

Techniques.

Many other techniques for spectral estimation have been developed to mitigate the disadvantages of the basic periodogram. These techniques can generally be divided into "non-parametric" and "parametric" methods. The non-parametric approaches explicitly estimate the covariance or the spectrum of the process without assuming that the process has any particular structure. Some of the most common estimators in use for basic applications (e.g. Welch's method) are non-parametric estimators closely related to the periodogram. By contrast, the parametric approaches assume that the underlying stationary stochastic process has a certain structure that can be described using a small number of parameters (for example, using an auto-regressive or moving average model). In these approaches, the task is to estimate the parameters of the model that describes the stochastic process.  Following is a partial list of non-parametric spectral density estimation techniques:  Below is a partial list of parametric techniques:

Parametric estimation.

In parametric spectral estimation, one assumes that the signal is modeled by a stationary process which has a spectral density function (SDF) formula_2 that is a function of the frequency formula_3 and formula_4 parameters formula_5. The estimation problem then becomes one of estimating these parameters.  The most common form of parametric SDF estimate uses as a model an autoregressive model formula_6 of order formula_4. A signal sequence formula_8 obeying a zero mean formula_6 process satisfies the equation  where the formula_11 are fixed coefficients and formula_12 is a white noise process with zero mean and "innovation variance" formula_13. The SDF for this process is  with formula_15 the sampling time interval and formula_16 the Nyquist frequency.  There are a number of approaches to estimating the parameters formula_17 of the formula_6 process and thus the spectral density:  Alternative parametric methods include fitting to a moving average model (MA) and to a full autoregressive moving average model (ARMA).

Frequency estimation.

Frequency estimation is the process of estimating the complex frequency components of a signal in the presence of noise given assumptions about the number of the components. This contrasts with the general methods above, which do not make prior assumptions about the components.

Finite number of tones.

A typical model for a signal formula_21 consists of a sum of formula_4 complex exponentials in the presence of white noise, formula_23 The power spectral density of formula_21 is composed of formula_4 impulse functions in addition to the spectral density function due to noise.  The most common methods for frequency estimation involve identifying the noise subspace to extract these components. These methods are based on eigen decomposition of the autocorrelation matrix into a signal subspace and a noise subspace. After these subspaces are identified, a frequency estimation function is used to find the component frequencies from the noise subspace. The most popular methods of noise subspace based frequency estimation are Pisarenko's method, the multiple signal classification (MUSIC) method, the eigenvector method, and the minimum norm method.

Single tone.

If one only wants to estimate the single loudest frequency, one can use a pitch detection algorithm. If the dominant frequency changes over time, then the problem becomes the estimation of the instantaneous frequency as defined in the time–frequency representation. Methods for instantaneous frequency estimation include those based on the Wigner-Ville distribution and higher order ambiguity functions.  If one wants to know "all" the (possibly complex) frequency components of a received signal (including transmitted signal and noise), one uses a discrete Fourier transform or some other Fourier-related transform.

Example calculation.

Suppose formula_31, from formula_32 to formula_33 is a time series (discrete time) with zero mean. Suppose that it is a sum of a finite number of periodic components (all frequencies are positive):  The variance of formula_31 is, for a zero-mean function as above, given by  If these data were samples taken from an electrical signal, this would be its average power (power is energy per unit time, so it is analogous to variance if energy is analogous to the amplitude squared).  Now, for simplicity, suppose the signal extends infinitely in time, so we pass to the limit as formula_37 If the average power is bounded, which is almost always the case in reality, then the following limit exists and is the variance of the data.  Again, for simplicity, we will pass to continuous time, and assume that the signal extends infinitely in time in both directions. Then these two formulas become  and  The root mean square of formula_41 is formula_42, so the variance of formula_43 is formula_44 Hence, the contribution to the average power of formula_45 coming from the component with frequency formula_46 is formula_47 All these contributions add up to the average power of formula_48  Then the power as a function of frequency is formula_49 and its statistical cumulative distribution function formula_50 will be  formula_52 is a step function, monotonically non-decreasing. Its jumps occur at the frequencies of the periodic components of formula_53, and the value of each jump is the power or variance of that component.  The variance is the covariance of the data with itself. If we now consider the same data but with a lag of formula_54, we can take the covariance of formula_45 with formula_56, and define this to be the autocorrelation function formula_57 of the signal (or data) formula_53:  If it exists, it is an even function of formula_60 If the average power is bounded, then formula_57 exists everywhere, is finite, and is bounded by formula_62 which is the average power or variance of the data.  It can be shown that formula_57 can be decomposed into periodic components with the same periods as formula_53:  This is in fact the spectral decomposition of formula_57 over the different frequencies, and is related to the distribution of power of formula_53 over the frequencies: the amplitude of a frequency component of formula_57 is its contribution to the average power of the signal.  The power spectrum of this example is not continuous, and therefore does not have a derivative, and therefore this signal does not have a power spectral density function. In general, the power spectrum will usually be the sum of two parts: a line spectrum such as in this example, which is not continuous and does not have a density function, and a residue, which is absolutely continuous and does have a density function.

In statistical signal processing, the goal of spectral density estimation (SDE) is to estimate the spectral density (also known as the power spectral density) of a random signal from a sequence of time samples of the signal. Intuitively speaking, the spectral density characterizes the frequency content of the signal. One purpose of estimating the spectral density is to detect any periodicities in the data, by observing peaks at the frequencies corresponding to these periodicities.


Playing career.

Growing up in Burnaby, B.C., Nonis played junior hockey with the Burnaby Bluehawks of the BCJHL in 1982–83. He then began collegiate hockey in the NCAA at the University of Maine, playing 153 games from 1984 through 1988. Nonis spent his final two years for the Bears as team captain, leading Maine to back-to-back NCAA championship tournaments. After completing his Bachelor of Arts degree in 1988, Nonis played a year of professional hockey for Aalborg (AaB) in the Danish Hockey League. In 1989, he returned to the University of Maine as an assistant coach for one season.

Executive career.

Nonis replaced Brian Burke as the Vancouver Canucks' general manager in 2004. At 37 years old, he was the youngest general manager in team history. Prior to being GM for the Canucks, he spent six years working closely with Burke as senior vice-president and director of hockey operations for the franchise. In three seasons as general manager, his most significant transaction was trading for superstar goaltender Roberto Luongo from the Florida Panthers at the conclusion of his first season as GM.  Upon the completion of the 2007–08 season, the Canucks missed the playoffs for the second time in three seasons; subsequently, on April 14, 2008, Nonis was relieved of his duties as general manager of the Canucks.  Two months later, on June 21, 2008, Nonis was hired as senior advisor of hockey operations for the Anaheim Ducks, reuniting with longtime boss Brian Burke, who had been General Manager of the Ducks since 2005.  On December 4, 2008, Nonis accepted the position of senior vice-president and director of hockey operations of the Toronto Maple Leafs. Nonis accepted the post and it marked the third time he served under Brian Burke. On May 10, 2010 he signed an extension to keep his position through the 2011-12 season.  On January 9, 2013, Nonis was named general manager of the Toronto Maple Leafs after Burke was relieved of his duties. Under Nonis, the Maple Leafs made the 2013 playoffs for the first time since 2004. However, after two disappointing seasons, Nonis was relieved of his duties on April 12, 2015, one day after the 2014-15 regular season ended, along with head coach Peter Horachek, assistant coaches Steve Spott and Chris Denis, and goaltending coach Rick St. Croix.  On July 3, 2015, the Anaheim Ducks announced they had hired Nonis as a special assignment scout and a consultant to the team's general manager, Bob Murray.

Family.

David is married to Susan, with whom he has one son, Nicholas. He has two brothers and a sister and is also a second cousin of sportscaster Darren Dreger of TSN.

David M. Nonis (born May 25, 1966) is a Canadian former ice hockey defenceman. He is a special assignment scout for the Anaheim Ducks of the National Hockey League (NHL) and serves as a consultant to the team's general manager, Bob Murray.


Career.

Early career.

Born in Tribeni, West Bengal, Das graduated from the Tata Football Academy in 2012 and signed with Pailan Arrows, the All India Football Federation's development team in the I-League on 24 October 2012. He made his professional debut for the club four days later on 28 October 2012 against Salgaocar. He came on as a halftime substitute for Pritam Kotal and earned a yellow card in the 72nd minute as Pailan Arrows drew the match 0–0. Das then scored the first goal of his career on 18 November 2012 against Prayag United. His 84th-minute goal managed to equalize the score at 1–1 but four minutes later Lalkamal Bhowmick found the winner for Prayag United and saw Pailan Arrows fall 2–1. The next match saw Das on the scoresheet again, this time against Sporting Goa. His 54th-minute strike was the only goal in a 1–0 victory for Pailan Arrows.

Dempo.

After the 2012–13 season, Pailan Arrows disbanded and on 26 October 2013 it was announced that Das, along with Arrows teammates Alwyn George, Holicharan Narzary, and Pronay Halder, would sign with three-time I-League champions, Dempo. Dempo were also coached at the time by former Pailan Arrows head coach Arthur Papas. Das made his debut for the club on 1 November 2013 in the eighth round of the I-League against Mohun Bagan. Das started the match and played the whole ninety minutes as the match ended in a 0–0 draw.  After suffering from a knee injury during the 2014 Indian Super League with Goa, Das missed the entire 2014–15 I-League season as Dempo were relegated from the first division league.

Goa (loans).

On 23 July 2014, Das was part of the 2014 ISL Inaugural Domestic Draft in which he was selected by Goa, who were allowed to exclusively sign Dempo players. He made his debut for the team on 15 October 2014 against Chennaiyin. He started and played the full match as Goa lost 2–1. He continued to play as a regular for Goa as a left-back and formed a good partnership on the left side of the pitch with left winger Mandar Rao Desai. At the end of the season Das, along with teammates Rao Desai and Romeo Fernandes, were praised by Goa marquee player Robert Pires. The former France and Arsenal midfielder said that he was "really impressed with players like Romeo Fernandes, Mandar Rao Dessai, Narayan Das who have a great future". However, before the season ended, Das suffered a knee injury during Goa's semi-final match against Atlético de Kolkata. Goa head coach, Zico, blamed the artificial turf at the Salt Lake Stadium for Das's injury.  Despite missing the entire 2014–15 season due to injury, Das was retained by Goa for the 2015 season.

East Bengal.

On 19 June 2015 it was revealed that Das, along with Dempo teammates Pronay Halder and Prabir Das, requested to be released by the Goan club in order to sign for other I-League clubs, after Dempo were relegated to the I-League 2nd Division. A few days later it was reported that the club had agreed to allow the players a release from their hefty contracts but that Dempo would also demand a transfer fee for the players. After the 2015 ISL season, it was announced that Das had signed with East Bengal on 13 January 2016. During the 2015–16 season with the club, coming back from injury, Das found himself as second choice left back behind club captain Robert Lalthlamuana.

Pune City.

On 12 July 2016 it was announced that Das had signed with Pune City of the Indian Super League along with Augustin Fernandes. He made his debut for the club on 3 October 2015 against Mumbai City. He started the match and played the full 90 as Pune City lost 1–0.

International.

Das was first called up to the India set up at the under-19 level during the 2012 AFC U-19 Championship qualifiers. He made his debut for the side on 1 November 2011 against Turkmenistan. He started and played the full match as India won 3–1. Das was then called up to the under-23 side for the 2013 AFC U-22 Championship qualifiers. He made his debut for the side on 23 June 2012 against Lebanon. He started the match as India won 5–2.  On 19 November 2013 Das made his debut for the India senior side against Nepal. He started the match as India won 2–0. He scored his first goal for India on 3 September 2016 in a friendly against Puerto Rico. His 17th-minute goal was the equalizer for India who then went on to win the match 4–1.

Narayan Das (born 25 September 1993) is an Indian professional footballer who plays as a left back for Odisha in the Indian Super League and India national football team.


Architecture.

Felgo is based on the Qt (software) cross-platform development framework that provides abstraction layers for timers, threads, storage, networking and UI rendering on different platforms. Applications built with Qt include VLC Media Player, Skype and Autodesk Maya – all of them make use of the GUI module which allows the creation of native-looking applications with a single source code base.  Felgo uses Qt as its core and offers components and plugins on top of it, which further simplify the development of apps and games.

Engine Features.

Qt Creator IDE.

The Qt Creator IDE supports editing QML and JavaScript code with context-sensitive help, code completion of Felgo components, navigation between components and more.  It includes a QML debugger and profiler for debugging custom components and JavaScript functions. It can inspect and change property values and QML code at runtime and is able to measure the time of element creation and binding evaluations.

Declarative Language Features.

Felgo apps and games are written in JavaScript and QML, a declarative language that features property bindings, state machines or fluid animations of any property.

Resolution & Aspect Ratio Independence.

Felgo is built to handle all possible aspect ratios and resolutions of modern mobile devices. Developers create their game for a logical scene using a content scaling approach.

Native Dialogs and Functionality.

Felgo apps and games provide a native look and feel on all platforms. Felgo has abstracted components for displaying native input dialogs and alert boxes without the need of a single native code line.

Felgo Game Network.

The Felgo Game Network is a mobile-backend-as-a-service or MBaas. It allows players to compare high scores and achievements, as well as syncing their data across devices. This is a free service for players and doesn't require registration of any kind. The Felgo Game Network can be implemented in less than 50 lines of code.

Third Party Plugins.

Felgo apps and games support a number of 3rd party plugins. These plugins can be used by developers to monetize their applications, to gather analytics on user behavior or to engage users. The following plugins are currently supported by Felgo:

Supported platforms.

Felgo supports the following platforms.

Felgo (previously V-Play Engine until February 2019) is a cross-platform development tool, based on the Qt framework. It can be used to create mobile apps or games. Felgo apps and games are supported on iOS, Android, Windows Phone, embedded devices and desktop devices. Felgo developers use QML, JavaScript and C++ to create mobile apps and games.


Background and release.

After releasing two English-language studio albums, "Unison" (1990) and "Celine Dion" (1992), recording Academy Award and Grammy Award-winning song, "Beauty and the Beast", and achieving three top ten entries on the "Billboard" Hot 100 ("Where Does My Heart Beat Now", "Beauty and the Beast" and "If You Asked Me To"), Dion started working on her third English-language album, entitled "The Colour of My Love". In September 1993, she performed two concerts at the Capitole de Québec in Quebec City, Canada, which were recorded to be later broadcast on television. Dion performed brand new, unheard songs from the upcoming album "The Colour of My Love", including: "Refuse to Dance", "Everybody's Talkin' My Baby Down", "The Colour of My Love", "The Power of Love", "Misled", "Think Twice" and "Only One Road". The show entitled later "The Colour of My Love Concert" was issued as a home video in 1995. "The Colour of My Love" was released in November 1993 in North America, December 1993 in Japan, February 1994 in Europe and in March 1994 in Australia.  In the album's liner notes, Dion for the first time publicly revealed her relationship with her manager, René Angélil. During the album's launch event at Montreal's Metropolis, she announced they are engaged to be married,.

Content.

"The Colour of My Love" was released with fourteen songs in the United States and fifteen tracks, including "Just Walk Away", elsewhere. The album was produced mainly by David Foster, Ric Wake, Guy Roche, Walter Afanasieff and Christopher Neil. Diane Warren wrote four songs for "The Colour of My Love", including: "Next Plane Out", "Real Emotion", "No Living Without Loving You" and "Lovin' Proof". The album features duet with Clive Griffin on "When I Fall in Love", taken from the "Sleepless in Seattle" soundtrack and a cover version of Jennifer Rush's 1985 track, "The Power of Love". In October 1995, "The Colour of My Love" was re-released in Japan, including new song, "To Love You More", written and produced by David Foster.

Singles.

After "When I Fall in Love", which originally appeared on the "Sleepless in Seattle" soundtrack, "The Power of Love" was issued as the first proper single from "The Colour of My Love". The song was very successful, reaching number one in the United States, Canada and Australia, and peaking inside top ten in various countries, including the United Kingdom and France. "The Power of Love" has sold over 1.1 million copies in the United States and was certified Platinum in 1994. The next song, "Misled", became a top ten single in Canada and also reached number one on the Hot Dance Club Songs in the United States. Another success came with the release of "Think Twice", a single which topped the charts in the United Kingdom, Ireland, Belgium, Denmark, Norway, Sweden and the Netherlands, and reached top ten in Australia, Spain and Switzerland. "Think Twice" has sold over 1.3 million copies in the United Kingdom and was certified Platinum in 1995 (eligible for two-times Platinum). The next single, "Only One Road" peaked inside top ten in the United Kingdom, Spain and Ireland. In 1995, "Next Plane Out" was released in Australia and "Just Walk Away" was issued as a promotional single in Spain. In October 1995, "The Colour of My Love" was re-released in Japan, including new song, "To Love You More", which was released as a single at the same time. "To Love You More" reached number one on the Oricon Singles Chart and has sold 1.5 million copies in Japan. It was certified Million by the RIAJ.

Promotion.

Dion promoted "The Colour of My Love" in North America on various television programmes in late 1993 and early 1994. Additionally, her "The Colour of My Love Concert" aired in December 1993 in Canada and in February 1994 in the United States. Dion also embarked on The Colour of My Love Tour and performed concerts in the United States in February 1994, and in Canada through May 1994. After the success of "Think Twice" outside North America, she also started promoting the album in 1995 in Europe, including the United Kingdom. One of the most important performances, after releasing the album include: "The Power of Love" at the Juno Awards of 1994 and American Music Awards of 1995, "Think Twice" at the Edison Awards in 1994 and World Music Awards in 1995, and "The Colour of My Love" at the Juno Awards of 1995. Dion also performed three songs form "The Colour of My Love" on "Top of the Pops" in the United Kingdom: "The Power of Love" (1994), "Think Twice" (1995) and "Only One Road" (1995).

Critical reception.

Upon release, the album received mixed reviews from music critics, with positive attention given to Dion's vocals. Stephen Thomas Erlewine from AllMusic gave it three out of five stars and wrote that the album follows the same pattern as Dion's eponymous breakthrough, and while the songs are not quite as consistent this time around, the record is nevertheless quite successful, thanks to the careful production, professional songwriting (highlighted by "When I Fall in Love", "The Power of Love", and "Think Twice") and Dion's powerhouse performances. Brad Webber from "Chicago Tribune" gave the album two out of four stars. He felt that "sickly sweet, by-the-books standards" like "The Power of Love" belie Dion's talent: "forcefully resonant and multiflavored vocals". He criticized "crooked roots" of a Janet Jackson impersonation ("Misled" and "Think Twice"), formulaic duo ballad ("When I Fall in Love") and added that with Dion's attempt at soul, you can categorize her as "fairly shallow, sort of a female Michael Bolton". However Webber praised an "exotic thrill" in "Refuse to Dance", which "throws a little variety in the mix". According to "Billboard", "The Colour of My Love" is a "big-league affair" that should push Dion to "new realms of pop stardom". Dion is more mature and shows off her vocal prowess on probable smashes as "The Power of Love", "Misled" and "Only One Road". According to Larry Flick from "Billboard", although "The Colour of My Love" is full of the "grand pop balldery", it also has more rhythmic depth than Dion previous projects, including jack-swinging "Misled" and the "haunting but spine-crawling" "Refuse to Dance".

Commercial performance.

In Canada, "The Colour of My Love" entered the "RPM" Albums Chart at number five and moved to the top in the fifth week. It stayed at number one for twelve consecutive weeks and spent eighty weeks on the chart in total. In December 1994, the album was certified Diamond by the CRIA for selling one million copies. It became the second best-selling album of the year 1994 in Canada, after Ace of Base's "The Sign". In November 1996, "Billboard" wrote that the sales of "The Colour of My Love" have reached 1.5 million units in Canada. The album also topped the Quebec chart for twenty weeks. In the United States, "The Colour of My Love" debuted at number eighty-eight, selling 16,000 copies. In March 1994, it peaked at number four on the "Billboard" 200 and spent 149 weeks on the chart. The album has sold 4.6 million copies according to Nielsen SoundScan and was certified six-times Platinum by the RIAA in November 1999 for shipping six million copies in the United States.  In the United Kingdom, it debuted at number ten in March 1994. Thanks to the success of "Think Twice", the album reached number one on the UK Albums Chart in January 1995 and spent seven weeks at the top. For five consecutive weeks, "Think Twice" and "The Colour of My Love " stood simultaneously on top of the UK charts, an achievement not replicated since 1965 and the heyday of The Beatles. In December 1995, the album was certified five-times Platinum by the BPI for selling 1.5 million copies. It also became the third best-selling album of 1995 in the United Kingdom, after "Robson & Jerome"'s eponymous album and Oasis's "(What's the Story) Morning Glory?". In November 2006, the Official Charts Company released a list of the 100 best-selling albums of all time in the United Kingdom. Dion made the list with three albums, including "The Colour of My Love " at number seventy-seven with sales of 1,816,915 units (eligible for six-times Platinum certification). "The Colour of My Love" was also very successful in other European countries. It went to number one in Ireland, Norway, Belgium Flanders and Denmark, and reached top ten in France, Spain, Switzerland, Sweden, Finland, Portugal and the Netherlands. The album was certified Multi-Platinum, Platinum and Gold in various European countries. In 1996, IFPI certified it four-times Platinum for selling four million copies in Europe.  In Japan, the album originally peaked at number sixty-five in February 1994. It was certified Gold and has sold 200,000 units. Due to the success of "To Love You More" "The Colour of My Love" was re-issued with this song in October 1995 and reached number seven on the Oricon Albums Chart in November 1995. This re-release has sold 650,000 copies in 1995. While charting on the Oricon Albums Chart in 1995 and 1996, the re-issue of "The Colour of My Love" has sold 813,450 units. In January 1996, it was certified three-times Platinum by RIAJ and later that year, "The Colour of My Love" became Dion's first million-selling album in Japan, with the summed numbers of the original version and the re-release. In Australia, the album debuted at number nine in March 1994. Again, thanks to the success of "Think Twice", it topped the ARIA Chart in mid-1995 for eight weeks, achieving the longest run at number one for that year. It also became the second best-selling album of 1995 in Australia, after Tina Arena's "Don't Ask". In March 1996, "The Colour of My Love" was certified eight-times Platinum by the ARIA for shipments of 560,000 copies. "The Colour of My Love" became one of the best-selling albums by Dion, with sales of twenty million copies worldwide.

Industry awards.

"The Colour of My Love" won two Juno Awards of 1995 for Album of the Year and Best Selling Album (Foreign or Domestic). It also won the IRMA Award for Best International Female Artist Album in 1996 and was nominated for the Edison Award in 1995 in category Best Album. Songs from "The Colour of My Love" also received various nominations and awards around the world. "Think Twice" won the Ivor Novello Award for Best Song Musically and Lyrically, and "To Love You More" won the Japan Gold Disc Award in category International Single Grand Prix. "When I Fall in Love" won the Grammy Award for Best Instrumental Arrangement Accompanying Vocal(s) and was nominated for the Grammy Award for Best Pop Performance by a Duo or Group with Vocals. It also won two ASCAP Pop Awards in category Most Performed Songs and was nominated for the MTV Movie Award as Best Song from a Movie.  "The Power of Love" was nominated for the Grammy Award for Best Female Pop Vocal Performance, American Music Award for Favorite Pop/Rock Single, Juno Award for Single of the Year, and two Billboard Music Awards in category Hot 100 Single of the Year and Adult Contemporary Single of the Year. "The Power of Love" also won the ASCAP Pop Award as one of the Most Performed Songs and "Misled" won the BMI Pop Award in the same named category. Thanks to "The Colour of My Love" and its singles, Dion also won World Music Awards for Best Selling Canadian Female Artist of the Year and Best Selling Canadian Artist of the Year, Juno Award for Female Vocalist of the Year, and Félix Awards for Artist of the Year Achieving the Most Success Outside Quebec and Artist of the Year Achieving the Most Success in a Language Other Than French. Dion was also nominated for her first Brit Award in category Best International Female, and received nominations for other Billboard Music Awards and Juno Awards. "The Colour of My Love Concert" was also nominated for the Gemini Awards in 1995.

The Colour of My Love is the third English-language studio album by Canadian singer Celine Dion. It was released by Columbia Records/550 Music on 9 November 1993. The songs were produced mainly by David Foster, Ric Wake, Guy Roche, Walter Afanasieff and Christopher Neil, and four of them were written by Diane Warren. The album features cover versions of "The Power of Love" and "When I Fall in Love".


Plot.

In 1965 Los Angeles, Lucy Cullins and her mother go to see a Santa Claus at a shopping mall, who happens to be the real one. Santa is nearing the end of his 200-year reign as St. Nick, and needs to find a replacement.  His search involves his hat and an elf assistant named Ralph (Taylor Negron). Nick puts the hat on every kid. If the hat glows, it means that person has the real Christmas spirit. When Lucy sits on his lap, he puts the hat on her and it glows brightly, proving she would make a perfect Santa Claus replacement. Unfortunately, after leaving the mall, Lucy receives news that her father had been killed, devastating her.  In 2001, Lucy seems to have forgotten about the Christmas spirit due to losing her father, and focuses more on her job than her family. Meanwhile, it is Nick's last Christmas as Santa, and he must find Lucy again. He locates her where she works as a network executive for the "Shop-A-Lot" Channel.  Lucy's boss (Brian Stokes Mitchell) wants a big sales boost for the holiday. He comes up with the idea of hiring someone dressed as Santa Claus to advertise Christmas memorabilia. Lucy holds many auditions with no luck. After nearly giving up hope, she sees Nick, who is jolly and obviously loves the season. Lucy hires him.  In Nick's first few days at work, calls come in big numbers and the network sells more Christmas stuff than any other shopping network. After congratulations and a salary raise, Nick couldn't be happier. He walks around the once-unpleasant community and begins to see the Christmas spirit for which he long hoped.  After a few days on the job, Nick cultures a close friendship with Lucy. He begins to tell her about his reign and his choosing her as a successor. He says if he doesn't find a successor, a giant flood will engulf the world, adding that that was the reason for the Noah's Ark story. Lucy finds it ridiculous and tries to stay away from him.  One night, Nick goes to her house and tells her truthfully about his search. He tells her to close her eyes. When she opens them, she finds herself with Nick at the North Pole. Unbelievably still unconvinced, Lucy demands Nick send her home. Nick does so, and she wakes up thinking the North Pole had been a dream. She sees Nick on the couch and starts to tell him about the dream. Nick interrupts her to tell her it wasn't, and begs her again to put on the Santa hat and become Santa Claus. She still says no.  Nick makes his final broadcast on Christmas Eve. In his closing statement, he says to never give up on Christmas spirit, and wishes everyone good luck. Lucy ponders why he says "good luck." After receiving a big thanks from the staff, Nick begins to head back to the North Pole without a successor and preparing for the flood with the elves. Before he leaves Los Angeles, he leaves the hat on Lucy's dresser, with a note that says it's never too late.  When Lucy gets a ride back home from her boss, she begins to believe what Nick said about Christmas, and her role as Santa. Realizing her boss just wants money and could own Christmas, Lucy tells him to pull over, saying that no one owns Christmas. At home, she sees Nick has gone. She finds the hat and the note. Curious, she puts the hat on and it glows brightly. She realizes that she really is Santa.  Back at the North Pole, they're preparing for the worst. Suddenly, one of the elves sees through a snow globe Lucy celebrating that she's Santa. Once Ralph hears about it, he and Nick go to pick up Lucy. Lucy runs out of her apartment and finds Ralph and Santa in the cab. She goes inside and transforms into Santa. Once she has her Santa suit, Nick doesn't have his. For the first couple of houses, Nick helps Lucy go down the chimney and deliver the toys. Before they continue, Lucy tells Ralph to stop the sled and go to a church, where her niece is performing in the choir. When she arrives, she catches her niece's solo, and congratulates her, her brother, and her mom. Seeing her Santa suit, they seem puzzled. Suddenly, it starts to snow in LA. With surprised faces, people run outside, and see the sleigh. Lucy's family begins to realize she is Santa. After Lucy says goodbye to everyone and her family, she, Nick, and Ralph go up and away into the Christmas night.

Call Me Claus is an American television comedy film movie starring Whoopi Goldberg and Nigel Hawthorne (in his final performance). The movie involves Santa Claus (Hawthorne) who needs a replacement Santa after serving his 200-year reign. He decides on Lucy Cullins (Whoopi Goldberg), an eccentric, grouchy shopping network executive, who hires him to promote Christmas decorations and presents on the network. The movie made its premiere on TNT on December 2, 2001, and has also been aired on Lifetime, Freeform and The Hallmark Channel.


Plot.

Astronomer Aldovin, while studying the sky with his telescope, sees the beautiful Yala on the planet Mars and falls in love with her. With a radiotelegraph he asks her to marry him. Her father, the Martian astronomer Fur replies that he will consent only if Aldovino is able to fly to the moon where he will be waiting for him in exactly one year. The undertaking seems impossible, but the lover knows no obstacles and, having built a spacecraft, he launches into the space pushed out of a canon and arrives just in time for the appointment.

Cast.

Enrico Novelli () as Adolvin

Production and analysis.

Franco Novelli is best known for his work as writer and illustrator. In 1908, he wrote "The Moon Colony" (). Two years later, he directed for "Un matrimonio interplanetario", the first Italian science-fiction film for which he designed himself the lunar sets based on his illustrations for "The Moon Colony" and which is inspired both by that book and by George Méliès' 1902 film "A Trip to the Moon".  Simone Brioni and Daniele Comberiati note that the film "introduces the recurrent theme of an expedition to another planet represented through a romantic encounter, showing how female aliens were more docile and available than their terrestrial counterparts."  Denis Lotti consider that the film anticipates elements of the Futurist manifesto. He notes that "Yambo attended the Futurist circle from the outset, creating a bridge between the children's fiction of the early 20th century and the revolutionary Futurist movement."

A Marriage in the Moon () is a 1910 Italian short silent comedy film directed by Enrico de’ Conti Novelli da Bertinoro, better known as Enrico Novelli or under his pseudonym ). This is the oldest surviving Italian science-fiction film.


Royal Navy service.

She was built by John I. Thornycroft & Company at Woolston and launched 25 November 1916. "Radiant" served with the 10th Destroyer Flotilla of Harwich Force from April 1917 until February 1919. During the night of 23 December 1917, while escorting of a convoy off the coast of Holland, she came to the rescue of the Harwich Force destroyers, and after the destroyers ran into a German minefield. "Torrent" struck a mine, and when attempting a rescue, "Surprise" and "Tornado" also hit mines, resulting in the three destroyers being lost. "Radiant" picked up all survivors that could be found. This accounted for twelve officers and sailors, with the losses of 252 officers and men from the three destroyers.  After the First World War, she was briefly assigned to the 4th Destroyer Flotilla of the Home Fleet before paying off and being laid up in reserve as part of the Nore Command until sold.

Thai Navy service.

She was sold back to Thornycroft on 21 June 1920, who then sold her on to the Royal Thai Navy in September 1920. She was renamed "Phra Ruang". It is believed that in order to finance her acquisition King Rama VI and other senior figures donated personally to the finance fund, making this the first publication donation of money to procure a warship in Thailand. The Royal Prince Admiral Abhakara Kiartivongse went to England to negotiate the purchase personally and command the ship during its subsequent voyage from England to Thailand.  On 29 January 1943, the submarine launched three torpedoes at a destroyer believed to be "Phra Ruang" and watched each run true to the target. However, all proved to be duds.  Because of her continued service in the Thai Navy, the destroyer was the last survivor of the Royal Navy's First World War destroyers. She was used as a training ship toward the end of her career, removed from the effective list in 1957, and stricken in 1959.

HMS "Radiant" was a which fought in the First World War as part of the Royal Navy before being transferred to the Royal Thai Navy, in which she served until well after the Second World War.


Vehicles.

The 1904 "Four-Cylinder Premier" was a touring car model. Equipped with a tonneau, it could seat six passengers and sold for US$ 5,000. The vertically mounted water-cooled straight-4, situated at the front of the car, produced 40 hp (30 kW). A three-speed sliding transmission was fitted as on "Système Panhard" cars from Europe. The pressed steel-framed car weighed 2250 lb (1021 kg) and used semi-elliptic springs. A "Double-Cylinder Premier" model sold for US$ 2,500. It had a 2-stroke straight-twin engine producing 20 hp (15 kW).  During 1906, the Model "F" and Model "L" were on the market with prices that ranged from $1,250 to $2,250. The cars were advertised as summer and winter vehicles that had a "powerful motor, easy but substantial clutch, buoyant springs and luxurious upholstering."  During the First World War demand for the FWD Model B all wheel drive truck was too great for the Four Wheel Drive Auto Company to meet, so Premier was engaged along with the Peerless Motor Company, Kissel Motor Car Company and Mitchell Motor Car Company to build the Model B under license. One Model B was assembled by Premier in Indianapolis using parts from all four manufacturers to demonstrate that all parts were truly interchangeable. Premier also built 500 FWDs for the British Army in 1916.  Remaining examples of Premier automobiles are rather rare. A 1905 Premier is on display in the Speedway Museum in Indianapolis and a 1918 Premier is on display at Space Farms Zoo and Museum in Sussex, New Jersey. A 1916 Premier is on display at the Auburn Cord Duesenberg Automobile Museum in Auburn, Indiana.

The Premier Motor Manufacturing Company was organized in 1903 by George A. Weidely and Harold O. Smith in Indianapolis, Indiana. The company built automobiles with air-cooled engines.