Biography.

Alongside Paul Collins (later of The Beat) and Peter Case (later of The Plimsouls), Lee formed the seminal, yet short-lived Los Angeles power pop trio The Nerves. Lee played guitar for the group - favouring a thin, unembellished, almost rhythmic playing style - along with composing and singing most of the group's songs. The band, originally based in San Francisco, made the move to Los Angeles in 1976, and began putting on a series of self-promoted and self-financed concerts, providing a focal gathering point for many members of L.A.'s nascent punk scene, as well as giving many of L.A.'s early punk bands their initial shows (The Weirdos, The Screamers and The Dils, among others). This 'Do It Yourself' aesthetic (although not usually associated with music extant pre-punk) was also reflected in The Nerves' self-financed and self-released 1976 EP - the four songs from which (two of them Lee compositions) all receiving attention, if not mainstream recognition, amongst punk and power-pop circles. Though in hindsight influential, this self-contained recording and gigging strategy most likely placed undue stress upon the relationship between the three band members. The Nerves' existence, always tenuous, finally disintegrated in the aftermath of another self-financed venture - this time a cross-country tour in the summer of 1977, with the band covering almost twenty-five thousand miles in a single 1969 Ford LTD Wagon and playing with such notables as The Ramones, The Diodes and Mink DeVille. Though the press surrounding the band was nearly always positive and newer material sounded strong, it was not enough to hold the band together. The Nerves finally tore apart in 1978, less than a year before Blondie would turn one of Jack Lee and The Nerves' songs into a new wave classic and bonafide chart hit.  "Hanging on the Telephone", Lee's most famous and enduring composition, originally the lead track on The Nerves' lone 1976 EP, found its way to the ears of the members of Blondie during the recording sessions for what would become the group's widely successful third album, "Parallel Lines". The original song was written in 1973 while Lee was living in San Francisco and references the contentious relationship with his future mother-in-law. The song was originally recorded in 1975 at the Different Fur studio in San Francisco with local musicians and later the song exploded as the lead-off track on "Parallel Lines", going on to become a UK Top Five hit. Lee's signature song remains a popular cover choice of bands today (most recently revived by indie singer/songwriter Cat Power), even if most groups are unfamiliar with any version predating Blondie and also contributed a further number to "Parallel Lines", entitled "Will Anything Happen?", as well as the song "You Are My Lover" for Suzi Quatro, which appeared on her album "Suzi...and Other Four Letter Words" (like most of Suzi Quatro's records, the album was produced by Mike Chapman, who also produced Blondie's "Parallel Lines" in the same year).  Ann P Munday Senior Vice President and General Manager of Rare Blue Music signed Jack Lee to a publishing contract and later sent three songs to British singer Paul Young in 1983, all of which Paul Young recorded and released on the album No Parlez, which sold more than three million copies worldwide.  Following "Parallel Lines"' success, Lee slowly put together and released a solo album entitled "Jack Lee's Greatest Hits, Vol. 1" in 1981, which featured re-worked recordings of Nerves songs, as well as new material. However, with the exception of this LP, and a self-titled album released in 1985, little since has been heard from Lee, who seemed content to largely withdraw from the commercial music world. Nevertheless, the strength of Jack Lee's songwriting and interest surrounding his first group remained fervent, so much so that in 2001, Spain's Penniman Records re-released The Nerves' EP as a deluxe 25th Anniversary ten-inch record with extra demo and live material culled from their whirlwind 1977 tour. In 2008 Alive Records released Nerves compilation "One Way Ticket", which includes the Jack Lee solo track "It's Hot Outside."  Jack Lee's group, Jack Lee Inferno, made an appearance on April 1, 2007 at The Radio Heartbeat Powerpop Festival in Brooklyn, New York.

Jack Lee (born March 25, 1952) is an American songwriter and musician best known for composing the song "Hanging on the Telephone", which was covered by the new wave band Blondie, and the song "Come Back and Stay", covered by the singer Paul Young.


Plot synopsis.

US Specialist Andrew Briggman becomes conflicted with his morals when his platoon, under his superior, Sergeant Deeks, participate in murdering civilians in Afghanistan, and when he contemplates reporting to the authorities, he realizes how much danger he is in as the platoon become increasingly violent and Deeks begins to suspect his loyalties.

Production.

In October 2016, it was announced Nat Wolff and Alexander Skarsgård had joined the cast of the film, with Dan Krauss directing from a screenplay he wrote. Marty Bowen and Wyck Godfrey will serve as producers on the film under their Temple Hill Entertainment banner. In September 2017, Rob Morrow joined the cast of the film. In November 2017, it was announced Adam Long, Jonathan Whitesell and Brian Marc joined the cast of the film.

Release.

In November 2018, A24 acquired distribution rights to the film. It had its world premiere at the Tribeca Film Festival on April 27, 2019. It was released on October 25, 2019.

Reception.

Box office.

, "The Kill Team" has grossed $372,282 worldwide.

Critical response.

On review aggregator Rotten Tomatoes, the film holds an approval rating of 70% based on 47 reviews, with an average rating of 6.79/10. The website's critical consensus reads, "Flawed yet viscerally effective, "The Kill Team" interrogates battlefield morality with a hard-hitting intensity further amplified by a talented cast." On Metacritic, the film has a weighted average score of 60 out of 100, based on 14 critics, indicating "mixed or average reviews".

The Kill Team is a 2019 American war film written and directed by Dan Krauss; a fictionalized adaptation of the events explored by an earlier documentary of the same name. It stars Alexander Skarsgård, Nat Wolff, Rob Morrow, Adam Long, Jonathan Whitesell, Brian Marc, Osy Ikhile, and Anna Francolini.


Biography.

Hilmar Moore was a cattleman and a fifth-generation Texan, the grandson of Texas Secretary of State John M. Moore. Moore's father John Moore, Jr. served also as Mayor of Richmond. Moore served in World War II. Moore was married to Evalyn Wendt Moore, who succeeded him as mayor.

Mayor of Richmond.

Moore was first elected as the Mayor of Richmond in 1949 and remained in office until his death in 2012, making him "probably the longest-serving elected official in the US," according to a 2008 BBC News report, though even as late as 2012 Richmond only described him as the longest serving Mayor in Texas, and the second in the US.  In the segregated '50s and '60s, Moore persuaded restaurants in Richmond to integrate.  He was honored with a life-size statue at City Hall in October 2008.  Moore's father, John Jr., served as a two-term Mayor of Richmond and a two-term judge in Fort Bend County, Texas. Hilmar's grandfather, John Sr., was a United States Congressman and Secretary of State of Texas.

Chair of Texas Department of Human Resources.

Moore was appointed to the Department of Human Resources by Texas Governor Dolph Briscoe. During his term, Moore stated to the press that he believed people on welfare should be sterilized, though this was a "personal opinion and [he] did not intend to seek a state sterilization policy".

Death.

Moore died on December 4, 2012. A memorial service was held on December 10. His widow, Evalyn W. Moore, was appointed to serve out the remainder of his term, and was still mayor of Richmond as of 2019.

Hilmar Guenther Moore (July 28, 1920 – December 4, 2012) was an American rancher and long-time Mayor of Richmond, Texas.


Orbit and classification.

orbits the Sun at a distance of 39.1–44.3 AU once every 269 years and 1 month (98,276 days; semi-major axis of 41.68 AU). Its orbit has an eccentricity of 0.06 and an inclination of 23° with respect to the ecliptic.  As a cubewano, also known as classical Kuiper belt object, it is located in between the resonant plutino and twotino populations and has a low-eccentricity orbit. With an inclination above 8°, it belongs to the "stirred" hot population rather than to the cold population with low inclinations. The body's observation arc begins with its official discovery observation in July 2011 at Haleakala Observatory.

Numbering and naming.

This minor planet was numbered by the Minor Planet Center on 25 September 2018, together with hundreds of other centaurs, trans-Neptunian and near-Earth objects (see catalog entries from to ). This object received the number in the minor planet catalog (). As of 2018, it has not been named.

Physical characteristics.

According to the American astronomer Michael Brown, measures 343 kilometers in diameter based on an assumed albedo of 0.08. On his website, Brown lists this object as a "possible" dwarf planet (200–400 km), which is the category with the lowest certainty in his 5-class taxonomic system. Similarly, Johnston's archive estimates a diameter 336 kilometers using an albedo of 0.09.  As of 2018, no spectroscopic or photometric observations have been made. The body's spectral type, color indices,rotation period, pole and shape remain unknown.

, provisional designation, is a classical trans-Neptunian object and dwarf planet candidate from the Kuiper belt, located in the outermost region of the Solar System, approximately in diameter. The cubewano belongs to the hot population. It was discovered on 26 July 2011, by astronomers with the Pan-STARRS survey at Haleakala Observatory, Hawaii, United States.


Early life.

Yolanda Yvonne Montes Farrington, was born in Spokane, Washington, United States, on January 3, 1932. Her father, Elmer Sven Móntes, descended from a Spanish father and a Swedish mother. Her mother, Edna Pearl Farrington, of English father and French mother. Her maternal grandmother, Molly (Maeva), was from Tahiti. As a child, she danced for the International Ballet of San Francisco, California as part of a Tahitian Revue.  In 1947, she moved to Mexico and was hired as a dancer by Américo Mancini, a theater impresario. She also appeared in the famous Cabaret Tívoli in Mexico City. Her stage name, "Tongolele", came after mixing African and Tahitian words.

Career.

Her career was sheltered by theatrical success in the main theaters and cabarets of Mexico City. "Tongolele" boosted the success of the "Exoticas", a group of vedettes that caused sensation in Mexico in the late 1940s and early 1950s. Although other vedettes that became popular at the time (like "Kalantán" and Su Muy Key) appeared, none reached the levels of popularity of "Tongolele". Yolanda was baptized by Mexican journalist Carlos Estrada Lang as "The Queen of Tahitian Dances", as each night she congregated a wide male audience who adored her perfect silhouette and feline movements that marked an era in Mexico.  She made her film debut in 1948 in the film "Nocturne of Love", starring the actress Miroslava Stern. In 1948, she starred in the film "¡Han matado a "Tongolele"!", directed by Roberto Gavaldón. The plot was developed in the theater Folies Bergère of Mexico City. At another level of the plot, several envious people attempted to assassinate her. The film premiered on September 30, 1948.  As a guest, she starred in "El rey del barrio" (1949) and "Kill Me Because I'm Dying!" (1951) and the musical "Música de siempre" (1956).  In 1966, she returned to the cinema and appeared in the terror film "The Panther Women". In 1968 she was the film "El crepusculo de un dios", directed and carried out by Emilio Fernández.  In 1971, "Tongolele" played in the Mexican-American co-production "Isle of the Snake People". In the film, "Tongolele" she appeared alongside the American actor Boris Karloff. The plot of the film was located on a small island in the middle of the ocean where some beautiful young women are transformed into blue-faced man-eating zombies. "Tongolele" played the role of "Kalea", the dancer with the snake. In the mid-1960s, CBS recorded a disc titled "Tongolele sings for you" which included 10 songs.  With the rise of Mexico City's nightlife in the 1970s and the rise of the vedettes, "Tongolele" resumed her career in nightclubs and movies, as well as appearing on television shows. In 1984 she debuted in telenovelas in a special performance in the melodrama "La pasión de Isabela".  In 2001 she reappears in Mexican television in the telenovela "Salomé".  Between 2011 and 2013, Tongolele participated in the musical stage play "Perfume of Gardenia'.'  In 2012, the vedette returned to the cinema with a brief appearance in the film "El fantástico mundo de Juan Orol".

Personal life.

In 1956, she married Cuban Joaquin Gonzalez in New York City, who accompanied her until his death. In 1976, Joaquín suffered cardiac problems and he was given a pacemaker. On December 22, 1996 he died. With him, Tongolele had two children in 1950, Ruben and Ricardo (twins).

Yolanda Yvonne Montes Farrington (born January 3, 1932 in Spokane, Washington, United States), better known by her stage-name Tongolele, is a Mexican vedette and actress of American origin.


Plot.

Marko lives in Macedonia, at that time Yugoslavia. He has a little white pig, which runs away on market day. His mother explains to Marko and his brother Petor that they should look for the pig. Finally, they find it and play with it for a while. Then it is Petor turn to take care of the pig. However, the pig runs away again. Petor is not able to find it again. While searching for the pig, the boys are distracted by a wedding and other events, such as finding a secret cave. When Petor and Marko finally arrive home after a long day, the pig is already there. It has gone back there on its own.

Overview.

Marko lives in Yugoslavia is the seventh of a total of 15 books from the series Children's Everywhere. The book has been translated into many different languages, including English and German. In 1962, the book was first published in Sweden by Rabén & Sjögren. "Marko Lives in Yugoslavia" is one of the few books in the series that has not been published in Israel, where the books were very successful. The reason for this was that in the story was about a pig, that is embraced in the photos by Marko, which is considered in Judaism as not kosher.  During her eleven-year correspondence with Louise Hartung, which was published the book "Jag har också levat!" Astrid Lindgren wrote about the book. She explained that Anna Rikwin and the Yugoslav Legation wanted to take photos in Dalmatia. On September 27, 1960 Lindgren traveled to Yugoslavia, where she first made holidays with Louise Hartung, before she met up with Anna Riwkin on October 4, 1960 to create the photo book. First, the photo book should take place in Lovran, later Riwkin decided to relocate it to Macedonia, as this still has something of the "original Balkan". When Lindgren left Macedonia, however, Riwkin had barely begun with the book.  After completing the series, Lindgren explained that while working with Riwkin-Brick was nice, she did not like the books, especially "Marko Lives in Yugoslavi"a. She was not dissatisfied with the photos of Riwkin-Brick, but rather with her own performance as a writer.

Marko Lives in Yugoslavia (original title: "Marko bor i Jugoslavien") is the title of a book by the Swedish writer Astrid Lindgren, with the photos of Anna Riwkin-Brick. In 1962 the book was published by Rabén & Sjögren.


Facilities.

The observatory's facilities include the Nanshan Radio Telescope (see List of radio telescopes#Asia), located in Gangou Township, Ürümqi County (). The 25 m, telescope site in Nanshan of XAO is one of the important stations of Very-long-baseline interferometry (VLBI). As a crucial research base for pulsar, centimeter wave molecular line and active galactic nuclei research, Nanshan station is also involved and plays an important role in China's Lunar Exploration Program.  Plans also exist for the construction of a large, fully steerable single-dish radio telescope (diameter 110 m), which is called Qitai Radio Telescope, or QTT for short. The chosen site for the facility is in Banjiegou Town, Qitai County. Upon completion, the sensitivity of 110 m antenna is about 20 times more than a 25 m telescope.  On July 15, 2012, the groundbreaking ceremony took place at Banjiegou for the Xinjiang Qitai Astronomical and Science Education Base, which is presumably the facility that will house the telescope.

Programs.

XAO has held a wide range of interesting public science popularization since it was set up. Popular science in XAO comprises Star Party for the public, Field Trip for students, Astronomers Get into Campus, free camps for children who live in remote poverty-stricken areas, Open House Day and so on. The results of spreading public science depend not only on our ability but also on our willingness to give.  International collaboration is an important channel for XAO to promote the development of astronomy, astrophysics and other related fields of science. So far, XAO has already established friendly relationship with America, Australia, Netherland, Japan, Germany, England, Italy, Russia, Sweden, Taiwan and Hong Kong. Besides, has also established a good partnership with domestic scientific research institutions as well as universities.  XAO has more than 100 staff, including 87 scientific and technical personnel, 19 management personnel, also hired 2 foreign professor emeritus and experts from well known universities and research institutions as our guest professors.

Xinjiang Astronomical Observatory (XAO; ) of the Chinese Academy of Sciences was known as Ürümqi Astronomical Observatory before it was renamed in January 2011.


Early life and education.

Born in Ipswich, Suffolk, the son of Dorothy Margaret () and John Ramsay Wall, Wall was educated at Whitgift School and Selwyn College, Cambridge.

Military career.

Wall graduated from the Royal Military Academy Sandhurst and was commissioned into the Royal Engineers in April 1974 with his commission being confirmed in December 1974, with effect from 9 March the same year. After a short period of military duties, Wall studied engineering at University of Cambridge, before joining airborne forces and going on to serve with the Royal Engineers in Belize and Rhodesia. Wall was promoted to captain on 9 September 1980 and to major on 30 September 1987.  He was appointed Chief of Staff of the 5th Airborne Brigade in 1988, before commanding 9 Parachute Squadron, Royal Engineers from 1990. Promoted to lieutenant colonel on 30 June 1992, he was appointed Commanding Officer of 32 Engineer Regiment in Germany in 1994, and appointed an Officer of the Order of the British Empire in the 1994 Birthday Honours. He was deployed to the Former Republic of Yugoslavia in Spring 1996, promoted to colonel on 30 June and awarded the Queen's Commendation for Valuable Service in November. He was then promoted to brigadier on 31 December 1998 with seniority from 30 June 1998, before assuming command of 24 Airmobile Brigade in 1999. Wall was responsible for converting the formation into 16 Air Assault Brigade later that year.

High command.

In 2001, Wall became Chief of Joint Force Operations at Permanent Joint Headquarters Northwood, and was appointed a Commander of the Order of the British Empire in the 2002 New Year Honours. Wall went on to serve as Chief of Staff of the National Contingent HQ in Qatar, overseeing UK operations in Iraq, from January 2003. In May 2003, Wall assumed the appointment of General Officer Commanding 1st Armoured Division with the substantive rank of major general, in which capacity he was responsible for security in Basra in Iraq. In 2005, he became Deputy Chief of Joint Operations at the Permanent Joint Headquarters Northwood and, on 1 August 2007, he was appointed Deputy Chief of the Defence Staff (Commitments) and promoted to lieutenant general. Appointed a Knight Commander of the Order of the Bath in the 2009 Birthday Honours, Wall succeeded General Sir Kevin O'Donoghue as Chief Royal Engineer on 10 May 2009 before taking up the post of Commander-in-Chief, Land Forces and receiving promotion to the substantive rank of general on 17 July 2009. He was also appointed the aide-de-camp general to Queen Elizabeth II on 30 October 2009. On 6 January 2010, Wall gave evidence to the Iraq Inquiry in which he claimed that troops were vulnerable in their base at Basra Palace and in May 2010, Wall was listed amongst the top 172 government servants that earn more than the Prime Minister, with a salary of £160–165,000, excluding his non-contributory final salary pension. Then on 29 July 2010, Wall was named as the next Chief of the General Staff, the professional head of the British Army. On 15 September 2010 Wall took over the post from General Sir David Richards who became Chief of the Defence Staff in late October 2010.  On 24 June 2011, it was reported that Wall, who had publicly questioned Prime Minister David Cameron's handling of the conflict in Afghanistan, would – in a major defence reorganisation that would also affect the other service chiefs – lose his position on the Defence Board, the highest non-ministerial Ministry of Defence committee, which makes decision on all aspects of military policy. The changes took effect on 1 November 2011.  Amidst ministerial, media and political pressure from both sides of the House, Wall told an army magazine in April 2014 that lifting the ban on women serving in combat units was “something we need to be considering seriously”. It came to light that, under European law, the policy of preventing female soldiers from applying for certain jobs in the army was to be reviewed by 2018, and that the US, Australia, Canada, France, Germany, Holland, Denmark, Norway and Israel all allowed women to serve in combat units. "The Times" had reported that his main motivation for changing this rule was showing potential female recruits that the army was an equal opportunities employer: Wall was appointed Colonel Commandant of the Royal Electrical and Mechanical Engineers in 2002, and Colonel Commandant of the Corps of Royal Engineers in November 2003. He was appointed a Knight Grand Cross of the Order of the Bath in the 2013 Birthday Honours. From April 2012 until August 2016 Wall served as the Colonel Commandant of the Brigade of Gurkhas.  Since leaving the army, Wall co-founded and is Chief Executive of a leadership and change consultancy, Amicus Limited.

Personal life.

In 1980 Wall married Fiona Anne Simpson; they have two sons. He lists his interests as sports.

General Sir Peter Anthony Wall, (born 10 July 1955) is a retired British Army officer who served as the Chief of the General Staff, the professional head of the British Army, until September 2014. Wall had previously been the Commander-in-Chief, Land Forces from August 2009 to September 2010. He succeeded General Sir David Richards as Chief of the General Staff in September 2010, the latter going on a month later to be Chief of the Defence Staff.


Symptoms.

The symptoms and signs associated with convergence insufficiency are related to prolonged, visually demanding, near-centered tasks. They may include, but are not limited to, diplopia (double vision), asthenopia (eye strain), transient blurred vision, difficulty sustaining near-visual function, abnormal fatigue, headache, and abnormal postural adaptation, among others. In some cases, difficulty with making eye contact have been noted as a complaint amongst sufferers. Note that some Internet resources confuse convergence and divergence dysfunction, reversing them.

Diagnosis.

Diagnosis of convergence insufficiency is made by an eye care professional skilled in binocular vision dysfunctions, such as an orthoptist to rule out any organic disease. Convergence insufficiency characterized by one or more of the following diagnostic findings: Patient symptoms, High exophoria at near, reduced accommodative convergence/accommodation ratio, receded near point of convergence, low fusional vergence ranges and/or facility. Some patients with convergence insufficiency have concurrent accommodative insufficiency—accommodative amplitudes should therefore also be measured in symptomatic patients.

Treatment.

Convergence insufficiency may be treated with convergence exercises prescribed by an eyecare specialist trained in orthoptics or binocular vision anomalies (see: Vision Therapy). Some cases of convergence insufficiency are successfully managed by prescription of eyeglasses, sometimes with therapeutic prisms.  Pencil push-ups therapy is performed at home. Patient brings a pencil slowly to within 2–3 cm of the eye just above the nose about 15 minutes per day 5 times per week. Patients should record the closest distance that they could maintain fusion (keep the pencil from going double as long as possible) after each 5 minutes of therapy. Computer software may be used at home or in an orthoptists/vision therapists office to treat convergence insufficiency. A weekly 60-minute in-office therapy visit may be prescribed. This is generally accompanied with additional in home therapy.  In 2005, the Convergence Insufficiency Treatment Trial (CITT) published two randomized clinical studies. The first, published in Archives of Ophthalmology demonstrated that computer exercises when combined with office based vision therapy/orthoptics were more effective than "pencil pushups" or computer exercises alone for convergency insufficiency in 9- to 18-year-old children. The second found similar results for adults 19 to 30 years of age. In a bibliographic review of 2010, the CITT confirmed their view that office-based accommodative/vergence therapy is the most effective treatment of convergence insufficiency, and that substituting it in entirety or in part with other eye training approaches such as home-based therapy may offer advantages in cost but not in outcome. A later study of 2012 confirmed that orthoptic exercises led to longstanding improvements of the asthenopic symptoms of convergence sufficiency both in adults and in children. A 2011 Cochrane Review reaffirmed that office-based therapy is more effective than home-based therapy, though the evidence of effectiveness is a lot stronger for children than for the adult population.  Both positive fusional vergence (PFV) and negative fusional vergence (NFV) can be trained, and vergence training should normally include both. Surgical correction options are also available, but the decision to proceed with surgery should be made with caution as convergence insufficiency generally does not improve with surgery. Bilateral medial rectus resection is the preferred type of surgery. However, the patient should be warned about the possibility of uncrossed diplopia at distance fixation after surgery. This typically resolves within 1–3 months postoperatively. The exophoria at near often recurs after several years, although most patients remain asymptomatic.

Prevalence.

Among fifth and sixth grade children convergence insufficiency is 13%. In studies that used standardized definitions of Convergence insufficiency, investigators have reported a prevalence of 4.2% to 6% in school and clinic settings. The standard definition of Convergence insufficiency is exophoria greater at near than at distance, a receded near point of convergence, and reduced convergence amplitudes at near.

Convergence insufficiency is a sensory and neuromuscular anomaly of the binocular vision system, characterized by a reduced ability of the eyes to turn towards each other, or sustain convergence.


Biography.

Bu Xiaolin was born in August 1958 in Tumed Left Banner, Inner Mongolia. She briefly worked as a sent-down youth at the end of the Cultural Revolution, before enlisting in the People's Liberation Army. She served as a medic in No. 291 Hospital of the Inner Mongolia Military District from 1977 to 1980.  In September 1980 she entered Peking University and graduated with a degree in economic law four years later. After graduation she briefly taught law at Inner Mongolia University, before joining the regional government of Inner Mongolia in 1985. From 1998 to 2001 she enrolled in the law school of Jilin University on a part-time basis, earning a doctoral degree in law in 2001. From 2003 to 2006 she conducted post-doctoral research at the Institute of Sociology of the Chinese Academy of Social Sciences.  She was appointed Chief of Alxa League in September 2004, and Communist Party secretary two years later. In January 2008 she was promoted to Vice-Chairwoman of Inner Mongolia. In January 2014, she became Head of the United Front department of Inner Mongolia, as well as a member of the Regional Party Standing Committee. She succeeded the position left vacant by Wang Suyi, who was investigated for corruption and later sentenced to life in prison.  On 30 March 2016, Bu Xiaolin was appointed Acting Chairwoman of Inner Mongolia, succeeding Bagatur, who had resigned. Bu Xiaolin was the second woman to serve as leader of the Inner Mongolia government, and the sixth woman in the history of Communist-ruled China (after Gu Xiulian, Uyunqimg, Song Xiuyan, Li Bin and Liu Hui) to serve as the head of a provincial-level government. She was confirmed as Chairwoman on June 23.

Family.

Bu Xiaolin is the daughter of Buhe and the granddaughter of Ulanhu, who both served as chairman of Inner Mongolia. Ulanhu was a founding general and Vice President of the People's Republic of China.

Bu Xiaolin (; born August 1958) is a Chinese female politician of Mongol descent. She has served as Chairwoman of the Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region People's Government (equivalent of a provincial governor) since March 2016. She is the daughter of Buhe, a former chairman of Inner Mongolia, and the granddaughter of Ulanhu, the founding chairman of Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region and a Vice President of China.


Early years.

McCoil attended Lutcher High School in Lutcher, Louisiana, where he helped lead the Bulldogs to the 2008 3A State Championship. He was ranked as the 58th top prospect in the state of Louisiana by Rivals.com. He was named the District MVP following his senior season. He was an honorable mention all-state in his Senior season. McCoil also earned the all-district, all-metro and all-River Parish honors following both his junior and senior seasons of high school.

College career.

McCoil was named the Defensive MVP following his performance in the 2011 Bell Helicopter Armed Forces Bowl. He also earned second-team all-Conference USA honors following his Junior season. Prior to his Senior season, he was selected on the Bronko Nagurski Trophy Watch List and also selected on the Jim Thorpe Award Watch List. In his four seasons at Tulsa, he finished with a total of 315 tackles, 18 Interceptions, 43 passes defensed, and one forced fumble.

Professional career.

McCoil went undrafted following the conclusion of the 2013 NFL Draft. McCoil attended the Oakland Raiders rookie minicamp but failed to make the final cut on the preseason 90 man roster.

Los Angeles Kiss.

On February 17, 2014, McCoil was assigned to the Los Angeles Kiss of the Arena Football League (AFL). In 5 games for the Kiss, McCoil managed several splash plays, including half a sack, and an interception returned 14 yards for a touchdown.

Edmonton Eskimos.

On May 31, 2014, he signed with the Edmonton Eskimos of the Canadian Football League. He won the CFL's Most Outstanding Rookie Award in 2014 for recording 67 tackles, four sacks and tying for the league lead with six interceptions. McCoil and the Eskimos had a contract dispute during the 2015 CFL season as he claimed that he was not offered the 1-year contract (with a player option to extend to 2 years), rather he claimed the Eskimos only offered him the minimum 2-year contract. On the field McCoil continued to be a key cog in the Eskimos defense recording 76 defensive tackles, two sacks, three interceptions and a fumble recovery. On December 6, 2015, after winning the 103rd Grey Cup to close the season, the Eskimos announced they had reached a settlement of all outstanding matters with Dexter McCoil, the CFL and the CFLPA. Starting on May 1, 2016, McCoil was free to attempt to sign with an NFL team. In the event that McCoil was unsuccessful in securing an NFL standard player contract for the 2016 NFL season, he entered into an agreement to play for the Eskimos for the 2016 and 2017 CFL seasons.

San Diego / Los Angeles Chargers.

On January 12, 2016, he signed with the San Diego Chargers. The Chargers tried him out at linebacker and at safety during their off-season workouts. On September 3, 2016, he was listed on the Chargers' final 53-man roster. McCoil made his first start at safety for the Chargers on September 25, 2016, against the Indianapolis Colts. He played in all 16 games with two starts, recording 25 tackles, five passes defensed and one interception. On October 7, 2017, McCoil was waived by the Chargers.

San Francisco 49ers.

On October 9, 2017, McCoil was claimed off waivers by the San Francisco 49ers. He was released on April 30, 2018. He was re-signed by the 49ers on August 17, 2018. He was waived on September 1, 2018. He was re-signed again to the practice squad on September 27, 2018. He was released on October 9, 2018.

Los Angeles Chargers (II).

On January 2, 2019, McCoil was signed to the Los Angeles Chargers practice squad.

Calgary Stampeders.

On October 22, 2019 McCoil returned to the CFL, signing with the Calgary Stampeders near the end of the 2019 regular season. In two games played, McCoil managed 2 tackles on defense, 3 more on special teams, and a interception. Following Calgary's playoff defeat, during which McCoil put up 4 more defensive tackles and two more special teams stops, he was cut on November 25, 2019.

St. Louis BattleHawks.

On October 16, 2019, several days prior to signing with the Stampeders, McCoil was drafted by the St. Louis BattleHawks in the fourth round of the defensive backs phase of the 2020 XFL Draft. In 5 games played, McCoil finished tied for 3rd in the league in tackles (alongside several other players including teammate Terence Garvin) with 36, in addition to a quarterback sack.

Personal life.

His second cousin is former cornerback Corey Webster.

Dexter McCoil (born September 5, 1991) is an American football safety for the St. Louis BattleHawks of the XFL. He played college football at Tulsa. McCoil has also been a member of the Los Angeles Kiss, Edmonton Eskimos, Los Angeles Chargers, San Francisco 49ers, and Calgary Stampeders.


Activities.

SAMI was established to provide military products and services in Saudi Arabia and to reduce the country’s reliance on foreign purchases of military products.  The company operates across aeronautics; land systems, including military vehicles; weapons and missiles; and defence electronics.  SAMI’s reported targets include the contribution of 14 billion riyals (US$3.7 billion) to the Saudi economy by 2030, 6 billion riyals (US$1.6 billion) investment in research and development and the creation of 40,000 jobs.

Partnerships.

In May 2017, SAMI signed Memoranda of Understanding (MoU) with defense contractors Boeing, Lockheed Martin, Raytheon and General Dynamics.  In October 2017, SAMI signed a Memorandum of Understanding with Russia's Rosoboronexport to manufacture military equipment in Saudi Arabia. The agreement provides for the transfer of technology for the local production of the S-400, the Kornet-EM system, the TOS-1A, the AGS-30 and the Kalashnikov AK-103.  In January 2018, on the sidelines of the launch of the National Industrial Development and Logistics Program, SAMI inked the establishment of two new joint ventures with Thales and CMI Defence. The scope of the joint venture signed with Thales includes Short range air defense and counter-rockets radars, C2s, multi-mission missiles, fuses for guided bombs, and inter-communication radios. The project aims to invest in the facilities and equipment in the local market, at a localization ratio of 70%, while around 2,000 direct and indirect jobs will be generated for Saudi youth. The second joint venture agreement, which is signed with CMI Defence, includes delivering multifunctional high-power turret systems for armored vehicles and all related services, providing in-country research and development and prototyping, design and systems engineering, supplier and material management, manufacturing, assembly and test, fielding and support, and upgrades, and integration of other OEM products and services. The project is expected to realize a localization rate of 60%, in addition to offering more than 700 direct and indirect jobs for the Saudi youth.  In November 2018, SAMI and Navantia. announced the launch of their joint venture, ‘SAMI Navantia Naval Industries,’ following the agreement signed by both parties to design and build 5 Avante 2200 corvettes with Combat Management System for the Ministry of Defense of Saudi Arabia. SAMI Navantia Naval Industries will focus on program management and naval combat system integration, system engineering and architecture, hardware design, and software development, testing and verification, prototyping, simulation, and modelling, in addition to the installation and integration of combat systems on the last two vessels of the Avante 2200 project, as well as the logistical support and training programs.  In February 2019, SAMI and Naval Group, have entered into a Memorandum of Agreement to create a joint venture company in Saudi Arabia’s naval defense domain.

Saudi Arabian Military Industries (SAMI) is a state-owned defense company launched in May 2017 by Saudi Arabia’s Public Investment Fund (PIF).


History.

In 1987, the Sultan of Brunei, Hassanal Bolkiah, bought the Dorchester Hotel and the Beverly Hills Hotel and then transferred the ownership to the Brunei Investment Agency in 1991. The Audley Group, owned by the BIA, was established in 1996 to manage the hotels under one company. Later, the Audley Group became the Dorchester Group Limited. The Dorchester Group Ltd. owns the Dorchester Collection which was established in 2006 to manage several luxury hotels in Europe and the United States. The Dorchester Collection manages 10 luxury hotels. The hotels are a mix of wholly owned and part-owned hotels as the Dorchester Collection acquires them and manages them on behalf of third party owners.

Controversy.

Sultan Hassanal Bolkiah of Brunei, via his Brunei Investment Agency (BIA) owning the Dorchester Collection hotels, raised concern abroad in April 2014 by implementing the Sharia law penal code that includes death by stoning, the severing of limbs, and flogging for crimes in Brunei such as abortions, adultery, and homosexual acts. None are exempted from the Sharia Law regardless of the classes they are in and the laws only apply in Brunei's border. Brunei has a complex legal system that consists of two parts which involve separate courts and legislation for Islamic and non-Islamic citizens.  In protest, a United States national LGBT advocacy organization, the Gill Action Fund, canceled its reservation to hold a conference of major donors at the Beverly Hills Hotel and demanded a refund of its deposit. The hotel management responded by issuing a statement asserting that it does not discriminate on the basis of sexual orientation. Fashion designers Brian Atwood and Peter Som subsequently called for wider protests, urging the fashion industry to boycott all of the hotels owned by the Dorchester Collection. The Beverly Hills Hotel, long a popular spot for celebrity functions, has been rejected by much of Hollywood over the controversy. HR Magazine said that the protests are "misguided" and will not affect the government policy of Brunei when the Dorchester Collection's annual revenue is $300 million while the BIA has over $30 billion in assets from oil and gas.  Chief executive officer Christopher Cowdray asked the public to consider the issue at hand in a broader perspective, citing the fact that many brands are backed by foreign investors. The U.S. national advertising-industry newspaper Adweek declared that "the bad press and protests have tarnished the glamorous image of the Beverly Hills Hotel, one of the most famous hotels in the world" and added that "such extreme brand damage will be difficult to repair." As of May 2014, "more than $2 million worth of events have been canceled at the Beverly Hills Hotel by dozens of groups." There have also been people speaking out in opposition of the protests and boycott of the hotel. Russell Crowe and Kim Kardashian have spoken out against the boycott, despite disapproval of the new laws in Brunei, citing how it is unfair to punish the hardworking employees and workers at the hotel.  In March 2019 when the Sultan announced the coming into force of the sharia law in question on 3 April 2019 George Clooney, Elton John and Ellen DeGeneres called again for a boycott of all hotels associated with him.

Dorchester Collection is a luxury hotel operator owned by the. Dorchester Collection owns and manages nine luxury five star hotels: The Dorchester (London), The Beverly Hills Hotel (Beverly Hills), Plaza Athénée (Paris), Hotel Meurice (Paris), Principe di Savoia (Milan), Hotel Bel-Air (Los Angeles), Coworth Park (southwest of London), 45 Park Lane (London) and Hotel Eden (Rome).


Life.

Christine Bonhoeffer attended the Grunewald-Gymnasium. In September 1921, Bonhoeffer and Hans von Dohnanyi got engaged. In 1924 she abandoned her studies of zoology. In 1925 they married. Her daughter Barbara von Dohnanyi was born in 1926. Her first son Klaus von Dohnanyi was born in 1928, her second son Christoph von Dohnányi in 1929.  Christine von Dohnanyi took part in all resistance activities of her husband Hans von Dohnanyi and supported his activities. He had informed her about all activities and was in active exchange with her.  Beside her husband and her brother Dietrich Bonhoeffer, she was also arrested by the Gestapo in the house in Sacrow on April 5, 1943 on suspicion of treason. For a long time Hans von Dohnanyi knew nothing about the arrest of the wife and her brother and tried to send letters to the wife from prison. Christine von Dohnanyi, still stricken by a stomach operation at the beginning of 1943, was first taken to the Charlottenburger Kaiserdamm police prison and then imprisoned together with Josef Müller's wife in the Alexanderplatz police headquarters. However, she was released after a few weeks. After her release, she tried to obtain the release of her husband and brother. She smuggled diphtheria bacilli several times to enable him to escape interrogations, but also secret messages into her husband's prison. Any contact was made through the examining magistrate Manfred Roeder, who had a considerable influence on the possibilities of visiting and writing.  After Berlin's capitulation, the Allies granted her the status of a "victim of fascism" on 27 June 1945. She desperately tried to find out something more about the whereabouts of her husband and worked with the Allies for an appropriate appreciation of the resistance. Her grave is on the Dorotheenstädtischer Friedhof. Son Klaus von Dohnanyi founded the foundation "Zivilcourage Hans und Christine von Dohnanyi".

Christine von Dohnanyi (née Bonhoeffer, born 26 October 1903 in Königsberg, died 2 February 1965 in Kassel) was the sister of Dietrich Bonhoeffer and the wife of Hans von Dohnanyi.


Administrative structure.

Geographically, a mission may be a city, a city and surrounding areas, a state or province, or perhaps an entire country or even multiple countries. Typically, the name of the mission is the name of the country (or state in the United States), and then the name of the city where the mission headquarters office is located. New missionaries receive a formal "mission call", assigning them to a particular mission for the duration of their two years or eighteen months of service. Each mission has, on average, about 150 missionaries serving there.

Mission president.

All missionaries serve in a "mission" under the direction of a mission president, who, like individual missionaries, is assigned by the LDS Church president. The mission president must be a married high priest in the Melchizedek Priesthood; his wife is asked to serve alongside him. In 2013 the mission president's wife was given additional leadership roles in the mission. Mission presidents are typically in their forties or older, and usually have the financial means to devote themselves full-time to the responsibility for three consecutive years. The church provides mission

Mission councils.

Like other units of the church, a leadership council is used to assist in the governance of the mission. Prior to April 2013, this was often called a zone leader council, consisting of

Mission organization.

Organization in areas with stakes.

Missions are organized in two parallel structures. The first is the organization of the missionaries. The mission president assigns missionary leaders to help him direct the work. Among the leadership assignments in the mission are assistants to the president, zone leaders, and district leaders.  There are two or more missionaries who serve as "assistants to the president" (not to be confused with the counselors in the mission presidency). The assistants carry out the direction of the mission president in organizing the

Organization in areas without stakes.

The other type of mission structure exists where there are no organized stakes of the church in an area due to a relatively small number of Latter-day Saints living in the area. This may be the result of the church being relatively new in an area or the church being established in a sparsely populated area of the world. In these stake-less areas, the mission president is the presiding local church authority and he is responsible for the welfare of all the members, not just the missionaries. The mission is divided into districts (not to be confused with the

Variations in size.

The LDS Church mission with the smallest geographic area (approximately 10 acres) is the Utah Salt Lake Temple Square Mission, in which missionaries from around the world serve on Temple Square, often to visitors from their own homelands. These missionaries serve at Temple Square, and occasionally serve in another mission in another part of the United States for a few months, then return to Temple Square for the final months of their 18-month mission call. Only female missionaries and older, retired couples are called to the Temple Square Mission.  The mission with the largest geographical area is currently the Micronesia Guam Mission, which covers an area that is roughly the size of the

Special language assignments within missions.

Missionaries are sometimes called to serve in a particular mission, but with a non-standard

Central church structure.

The work of the missions is overseen by the Missionary Committee, which consists of the First Presidency and Quorum of the Twelve. Much of the actual work of overseeing the missions is delegated to the Missionary Executive Council (MEC). This committee has roots in the Radio, Publicity and Missionary Literature Committee formed in the 1930s, with Stephen L. Richards as chair and Gordon B. Hinckley as executive secretary. In the late 1940s, Richards and Hinckley held the same positions, with Hinckley essentially fulfilling the duties later undertaken by the missionary department.  By the early 1970s, the MEC consisted of Spencer W. Kimball, Hinckley, Thomas S. Monson and Bruce R. McConkie, all members of the Quorum of the Twelve. L.

History of missions.

The title of "First Mission" is normally given to the British Mission, today considered the lineal ancestor of the England London Mission. This was begun under the direction of Heber C. Kimball in 1837. Missionary work had previously occurred in the United States and Canada, but missionaries were not organized into specific missions. The work of this mission began in Preston, England, largely because one of the missionaries Joseph Fielding had a brother there who initially opened his chapel to the missionaries preaching. Later they often preached at the location also used by the Temperance Society. The first convert in the British Mission was George D. Watt, who would later be important in the compilation of the "Journal of Discourses". Within the first year of missionary work the headquarters of this mission were moved to Manchester. In 1840 they were moved again to Liverpool, largely so the mission leaders could play a role in organizing the emigration of Latter-day Saints to America. In 1929 when the British Mission was separated from the European Mission, its headquarters were moved to Birmingham. The headquarters were moved to London in about 1930 since by this time the church was no longer encouraging Latter-day Saints to emigrate from Britain.

United States and Canada.

Early missions.

Although the church's missionaries served in many parts of the Eastern United States of America from 1830 on, no mission was organized until 1839. In this year a mission was organized in New York City presided over by John P. Greene. However, at this time missionaries continued to serve outside of regular mission areas.  With the removal of the main body of the Saints to Utah Territory and other western states, the number of church members in the Eastern United States was very small. As mission president of the Eastern States Mission, Wilford Woodruff tried to bring

Establishment of permanent missions.

The true advent of fully functioning missions, with missionaries functioning under a mission president, in the United States on a large and permanent scale can be dated to the organization of the Southern States Mission. This mission was started in 1876 with Henry G. Boyle as president. A short time later John Hamilton Morgan was made the president of this mission.  The next mission to be organized was the Northern States Mission (initially called the Northwestern States Mission) with headquarters in Council Bluffs, Iowa. The first president of this mission was Cyrus H. Wheelock. Wheelock had served as a missionary in both Iowa and Michigan about this time. The mission was organized in 1878. It was renamed the Northern States Mission in 1889. The mission headquarters were moved to Chicago in 1896.  In 1883, the Indian Territory Mission was reestablished with Matthew W. Dalton as president.

Missions in the Western United States.

Unlike missions in the Eastern United States, in this period missions in the Western States were generally set up in areas into which church members had already begun to move.  The origins of the Northwestern States Mission go back to the Oregon Lumber Company which was run by David Eccles and Charles W. Nibley. Many Latter-day Saints worked in the company's offices in Baker City, Oregon, and a branch was organized there in 1893. At that point this branch was part of the Oneida Stake headquartered in Preston, Idaho.  In 1896 Edward Stevenson was appointed to go open a

Missions in the early 20th century.

In 1900, the United States was divided into eight missions, with three whole states and parts of two others outside of all missions. The newly acquired Hawaiian Islands made a ninth mission in the United States. However, missionary work was not going on in the Philippines, Puerto Rico or any of the smaller areas the U.S. had acquired in the Spanish–American War.  Arizona, Nevada, Utah, Southern Idaho and Western Wyoming, all areas which by that time had large Mormon populations, were not in any mission. Missionary work, to the extent that it occurred in these areas, was administered through the Home Missionary Program at the stake level.  In 1902, the Middle States Mission was created with Ben E. Rich as president. However, in 1903, Ephraim H. Nye, president of the Southern States

Central States Mission history.

The Missouri Independence Mission is one of the oldest missions. Its history goes back to 1855.  In the 1855 General Conference the church called missionaries to the Indian Territory. They worked primarily with the Cherokee and the Creeks. There were also several converts made among the followers of Lyman Wight some of whom by that time were residing in Oklahoma. At the end of the year a company of 65 left for Utah. Early church apostle Parley P. Pratt was killed in the mission near Alma, Arkansas in 1857.  An

Early 20th century growth of the Northwestern States Mission.

From 1902 to 1909 Nephi Pratt served as the president of the mission. He was succeeded by Melvin J. Ballard. Among Ballard's successors in the 1920s was Brigham S. Young, a son of Brigham Young Jr. and a grandson of Brigham Young and Orson

Mission field versus stakes.

Early on in church history, a general dichotomy grew up where the "mission field" was viewed as a separate area from the stakes of

East Central States Mission history.

The ancestor of the current Kentucky Louisville Mission was the East Central States Mission. It was organized in November 1928. It took in Kentucky, Tennessee, North Carolina, Virginia from the Southern States Mission and

Post–Second World War expansion.

In 1945 there were the following missions in the United States: In May 1945 the Texas Mission was renamed the Texas Louisiana Mission. In October 1947 the Central Atlantic States Mission was formed from the East Central States Mission. This mission was headquartered at Roanoke, Virginia. In 1970 this mission was renamed the North Carolina-Virginia Mission. In 1974 it became the Virginia Roanoke Mission. It was renamed the Virginia Richmond Mission in February 1992 and currently has its headquarters in Richmond.  In 1949 the Great Lakes Mission was organized, consisting of Michigan, Indiana and Ohio. The West Central States mission was organized in 1950, consisting primarily of Montana and Wyoming. There was then a break until a new mission was organized in the United States. There was no new mission organized in the United States for almost eight years after this. The general plan of having "states" in the various mission names was expanded when in 1955 the Texas-Louisiana Mission was renamed the Gulf States Mission.  In March 1958 the West Spanish-American Mission was organized. In October 1960 the Eastern Atlantic States Mission was organized with George B. Hill as president. This mission included the District of

Latin America.

The first mission in Latin America was an attempt in the 1850s by Parley P. Pratt to preach in Chile. He made no progress and did not make a permanent impact.  It was not until the 1870s, after Meliton Trejo and Daniel Jones had translated the Book of Mormon into Spanish that missionary work began on a permanent footing in Mexico. The first mission president there was Moses Thatcher. Another

Europe.

After the initial opening of the British Mission it would be over ten years before missions would open in continental Europe. Although a missionary was sent to Germany in 1840 and Orson Hyde traveled across Europe in the early 1840s, it would not be until after the Latter-day Saints had gone to the Salt Lake Valley that missions would be established in Europe.  In October General Conference of 1849 three apostles were called to open missionary work in Europe. Erastus Snow was assigned to open missionary work in Scandinavia. The other two assignments were for Lorenzo Snow to go to Italy and John Taylor to go to France. There were other elders assigned to accompany each of these apostles, so a mission organization was in place even before any missionaries had reached their destinations. The

Oceania.

The first missionaries to the Pacific Islands went to French Polynesia in 1844. These missionaries had much success in baptizing converts, but there were only three missionaries so no fully functioning organization was needed. Addison Pratt was designated the mission president, but the missionaries made decisions jointly on where to labor.  In 1850 a mission was organized in Hawaii. Here there was also a designated mission president, and there were enough missionaries

International Mission.

In 1973, the church created the International Mission and gave it responsibility for all areas of the world not otherwise assigned to organized missions. Its

Africa.

The first mission in Africa was the South African Mission, originally organized in 1851. This became the South Africa Cape Town and South Africa Johannesburg missions in 1985. Later, the South Africa Durban Mission was created from portions of these missions as well as other regions in southern Africa.

West Africa.

There were attempts to open a mission in Nigeria in the 1960s. However the church decided against proceeding with these plans.  After the 1978 revelation extending the priesthood to all worthy males was received, the church proceeded to open missions in West Africa. Initially the focus was on Ghana and Nigeria, where there were groups that with unofficial church members who had been for years begging the church to send missionaries. Initially the missionaries sent to these nations were organized in the International Mission. As missionary work in these areas progressed they were organized as the West African Mission in 1981.  French-speaking areas of Africa were originally organized into a separate Cameroon Yaounde Mission in 1991. The original plan was to have the mission cover a broad range of French speaking areas. However, after a short time it was decided to initially focus on building up the church in Côte d'Ivoire, and so the mission headquarters was moved to Abidjan.

Asia.

The Japanese mission was split in 1968, with the mission headquartered in Tokyo retaining that name while a new mission was organized based in southern Japan that was designated the Japan-Okinawa Mission. The new mission was headed

Reunions.

Many missionaries working together build strong bonds of friendship, and for a few years after their missions are over, a former mission president will host reunions of missionaries who served during his tenure. As the missionaries come from many different parts of the world, it is common that the reunions are held in Utah, especially during church general conference weekends, as it provides for the probability of the largest number of attendees. Several web sites have been created by church members with the express purpose of allowing mission alumni to keep in contact.

A mission of The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints (LDS Church) is a geographical administrative area to which church missionaries are assigned. Almost all areas of the world are within the boundaries of an LDS Church mission, whether or not any of the church's missionaries live or proselytize in the area. As of July 2018, there were 407 missions of the LDS Church. On January 2, 2019, the LDS Church announced changes that will close 12 missions through boundary realignments and open up 4 new ones, effective July 1, 2019. When these changes take place, there will be 399 missions of the church.


Geography.

Antigny-la-Ville is located some 60 km south-west of Dijon and 25 km north-west of Beaune. It can be accessed by the minor road D111 which runs off the D33 west of Bligny-sur-Ouche and passes west through the commune and the village continuing to join the D906 in the west. The D14 road also comes from Culètre in the north also passing through the village and continuing south to Lacanche. There are also many local roads giving access to the commune. In addition to the village there is also the hamlet of Chamoy in the north. The commune is mostly farmland but there are large forests in the west (the Bois du Petit Rondeau and the Bois de Retraite).  The "Ruisseau du Breuil" forms part of the northern border of the commune and gathers some tributaries which rise in the commune flowing west through the "Étang de Breuil" to join the Arroux south of Viscolon.

History.

During the revolutionary period of the National Convention (1792-1795), the commune was called "Antigny-la-Montagne".

Administration.

List of Successive Mayors

Demography.

In 2009 the commune had 112 inhabitants. The evolution of the number of inhabitants is known from the population censuses conducted in the commune since 1793. From the 21st century, a census of communes with fewer than 10,000 inhabitants is held every five years, unlike larger towns that have a sample survey every year.

Culture and heritage.

Religious heritage.

The Pariish Church of the Assumption contains several items that are registered as historical objects:

Antigny-la-Ville is a French commune in the Côte-d'Or department in the Bourgogne-Franche-Comté region of eastern France. The inhabitants of the commune are known as "Antinniens" or "Antinniennes"


History.

Public interest design grew out of the community design movement, which got its start in 1968 after American civil rights leader Whitney Young issued a challenge to attendees of the American Institute of Architects (AIA) national convention:  "... "you are not a profession that has distinguished itself by your social and civic contributions to the cause of civil rights, and I am sure this does not come to you as any shock. You are most distinguished by your thunderous silence and your complete irrelevance"."  The response to Young’s challenge was the establishment of community design centers (CDCs) across the United States. CDCs, which were often established with the support of area universities, provided a variety of design services – such as affordable housing - within their own neighborhoods.  In architecture schools, “design/build programs” provided outreach to meet local design needs, particularly in low-income and underserved areas. One of the earliest design/build programs was Yale University’s Vlock Building Project. The project, which was initiated by students at Yale University School of Architecture in 1967, requires graduate students to design and build low-income housing.  One of the most publicized programs is the Auburn University Rural Studio design/build program, which was founded in 1993. The Rural Studio’s first project, Bryant House, was completed in 1994 for $16,500.

Public Interest Design from the 1990s – Present.

Interest in public interest design – particularly socially responsible architecture – began to grow during the 1990s and continued into the first decade of the new millennium. Conferences, books, and exhibitions began to showcase the design work being done beyond the community design centers, which had greatly decreased in numbers since their peak in the seventies.  Non-profit organizations – including Architecture for Humanity, BaSiC Initiative, Design Corps, Public Architecture, Project H, Project Locus, and MASS Design Group – began to provide design services that served a larger segment of the population than had been served by traditional design professions.  Many public interest design organizations also provide training and service-learning programs for architecture students and graduates. In 1999, the Enterprise Rose Architectural Fellowship was established, giving young architects the opportunity to work on three-year-long design and community development projects in low-income communities.  Two of the earliest formal public interest design programs include the Gulf Coast Community Design Studio at Mississippi State University and the Public Interest Design Summer Program at the University of Texas. In February 2015, Portland State University launched the first graduate certificate program in Public Interest Design in the United States.  The first professional-level training was conducted in July 2011 by the Public Interest Design Institute (PIDI) and held at the Harvard Graduate School of Design.  Also in 2011, a survey of American Institute of Architects (AIA), 77% of AIA members agreed that the mission of the professional practice of public interest design could be defined as the belief that every person should be able to live in a socially, economically, and environmentally healthy community.

Conferences and exhibits.

The annual Structures for Inclusion conference showcases public interest design projects from around the world. The first conference, which was held in 2000, was called “Design for the 98% Without Architects." Speaking at the conference, Rural Studio co-founder Samuel Mockbee challenged attendees to serve a greater segment of the population: “I believe most of us would agree that American architecture today exists primarily within a thin band of elite social and economic conditions...in creating architecture, and ultimately community, it should make no difference which economic or social type is served, as long as the status quo of the actual world is transformed by an imagination that creates a proper harmony for both the affluent and the disadvantaged."  In 2007, the Cooper Hewitt National Design Museum held an exhibition, titled “Design for the Other 90%,” curated by Cynthia Smith. Following the success of this exhibit, Smith developed the "Design Other 90" initiative into an ongoing series, the second of which was titled “Design for the Other 90%: CITIES” (2011), held at the United Nations headquarters. In 2010, Andres Lipek of the Museum of Modern Art in New York curated an exhibit, called “Small Scale, Big Change: New Architectures of Social Engagement.”

Professional Networks.

One of the oldest professional networks related to public interest design is the professional organization Association for Community Design (ACD), which was founded in 1977.  In 2005, adopting a term coined by architect Kimberly Dowdell, the Social Economic Environmental Design (SEED) Network was co-founded by a group of community design leaders, during a meeting hosted by the Loeb Fellowship at the Harvard Graduate School of Design. The SEED Network established a common set of five principles and criteria for practitioners of public interest design. An evaluation tool called the SEED Evaluator is available to assist designers and practitioners in developing projects that align with SEED Network goals and criteria.  In 2006, the Open Architecture Network was launched by Architecture for Humanity in conjunction with co-founder Cameron Sinclair's TED Wish. Taking on the name Worldchanging in 2011, the network is an open-source community dedicated to improving living conditions through innovative and sustainable design. Designers of all persuasions can share ideas, designs and plans as well as collaborate and manage projects. while protecting their intellectual property rights using the Creative Commons "some rights reserved" licensing system.  In 2007, DESIGN 21: Social Design Network, an online platform built in partnership with UNESCO, was launched.  In 2011, the Design Other 90 Network was launched by the Cooper-Hewitt, National Design Museum, in conjunction with its Design with the Other 90%: CITIES exhibition.  In 2012, IDEO.org, with the support of The Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation, launched HCD Connect, a network for social sector leaders committed to human-centered design. In this context, human-centered design begins with the end-user of a product, place, or system — taking into account their needs, behaviors and desires. The fast-growing professional network of 15,000 builds on "The Human-Centered Design Toolkit," which was designed specifically for people, nonprofits, and social enterprises that work with low-income communities throughout the world. People using the HCD Toolkit or human-centered design in the social sector now have a place to share their experiences, ask questions, and connect with others working in similar areas or on similar challenges.

Further reading.

Books advocating public interest design:

Public interest design is a human-centered and participatory design practice that places emphasis on the “triple bottom line” of sustainable design that includes ecological, economic, and social issues and on designing products, structures, and systems that address issues such as economic development and the preservation of the environment.


The characters.

Groo (the epithet "the Wanderer" is informal and rarely mentioned within the stories) first appeared as a parody of the brutal sword and sorcery heroes who were popular at the time of his creation in the 1970s, especially Conan the Barbarian as presented in Marvel Comics. Groo is a large-nosed buffoon of unsurpassed stupidity who constantly misunderstands his surroundings. Possessed of superlative skills in swordsmanship (the only task at which he is remotely competent) he delights in combat but otherwise is a peaceable and honest fellow who tries to make his way through life as a mercenary or by working odd jobs. He is incredibly accident-prone, and despite generally good intentions causes mass destruction wherever he goes. Most of his adventures end with him either oblivious to the mayhem he has wrought or fleeing an angry mob. His penchant for destruction has become so widely known that just the news of Groo approaching is sometimes enough to cause chaos among the population. Groo occasionally meets with respect and good fortune, but it does not last. Businesses, towns, civilizations and cultures have all been unwittingly destroyed by Groo. Such is Groo's incompetence that so much as his stepping onto a ship can cause it to sink.  Groo has slain entire armies with nothing more than his swords, which appear to be a pair of katanas. Groo loves these frays, as he calls them, and often charges into the melee with a cry of "Now Groo does what Groo does best!" He is indiscriminate in the use of his battle skills, usually leaping into the bloodshed before attempting to ascertain the reasons for the fight, or even who is on what side. Even when Groo does join battle intending to fight for a particular side, he is prone to forget which side he is on or be tricked into fighting his unfortunate allies, often causing him to utter "Did I err?" in confusion once everybody is dead.  The following is a sample of the thousands of characters Groo has encountered:

The setting.

Groo's adventures take place in an environment that generally resembles Medieval Europe, although his travels have also taken him to places that resemble Africa, Indonesia, Japan, the Middle East, and elsewhere. In addition to regular flora and fauna, dragons and other legendary creatures occasionally appear, and several cultures use dinosaur-like creatures as beasts of burden. Over the years, Groo has also encountered several "non-human" cultures such as the Kalelis and the Drazil. The currency in Groo's world is usually the Kopin.  Although many technologies and peoples in "Groo" appear ancient, more modern innovations such as the printing press can be found as well.

The creators.

"Groo" is initially plotted and drawn by Sergio Aragonés, and Mark Evanier then writes the dialog. Sakai then does the lettering, after which Aragonés does the final artwork, including the word balloons. Finally, Luth does the coloring.  Evanier also answers the letters page, something he takes special pride in, since the practice in mainstream comics is to pass this task off to low-level assistants, something he did not know when his own teenage fans' letters were published. He claims that no one knows what he does, and that he does not get paid. His official credit, during the Marvel/Epic run, was usually a ludicrously polysyllabic title that changed every issue.  Caricatures of Aragonés, Evanier, Sakai, and Luth often appear as background characters within the stories, sometimes with family members. Evanier and Sakai are also the role models for the characters Weaver and Scribe.  Rufferto was based on Aragonés' own dog named Rufferto, who is actually more mottled than spotted.

Rufferto one page stories.

Starting with issue 87 of Marvel's ongoing Groo series issues of Groo ended with a wordless one page gag involving Groo's dog Rufferto. When the Groo comic went to Image and Dark Horse comics these one page Rufferto stories continued.  In one instance (Groo issue 9 from Image Comics) Rufferto's brother Arfetto replaced Rufferto as the star of the backup story.  In all 93 of these Rufferto one page stories were printed.

Publication history.

Aragonés created the character of Groo in the late 1970s. However, at that time no comic book company would allow creators to retain the rights to their characters, and Aragonés did not wish to surrender those rights. In 1981, a comic book, "Destroyer Duck" #1, was published by Eclipse Comics as a benefit to raise money for a legal battle over creator rights; a four-page story contributed by Aragonés featured Groo's first published appearance. A few months later, Groo appeared in a two-page preview ad and the back cover art in "Starslayer" #4, published by Pacific Comics. The second Groo story appearance was in a five-page backup story in "Starslayer" #5.  In 1982, Pacific Comics began publishing "Groo the Wanderer" as a regular series. Pacific faced various financial difficulties and was only able to publish eight issues of the title. With Pacific unable to publish new material, a one-shot issue of material that was originally written for them (titled the "Groo Special") was instead published by Eclipse. When Groo was published by Pacific, he was not portrayed as a bumbling idiot. In fact, one issue had him use his brains to create sophisticated traps and his speech was similar to Conan the Barbarian's.  Aragonés and Evanier eventually negotiated a deal with Epic Comics, an imprint of Marvel Comics, for that company to take care of publication while preserving creator rights. This resulted in the longest run of "Groo the Wanderer" with 120 issues. In 1994, with Marvel facing financial difficulties, the title switched to Image Comics and was retitled "Groo". (In the first issue Groo remarks "The "marvels" of the world are but "images" before me.")  When Image in turn faced legal problems after publishing twelve issues, the title switched to Dark Horse Comics in 1998. Dark Horse is not publishing the title as a regular series, but is periodically releasing new material and reprints as miniseries and collections.  At the 2007 WonderCon, the creators revealed that since 2005 they had been trying to produce a "Groo"/"Conan" crossover (both titles are published by Dark Horse). The project encountered a number of postponements; although two issues had been completed by the spring of 2011, the series was further delayed because of a backache suffered by Aragonés. The book finally saw print in July 2014, with Aragonés and writer Mark Evanier working with artist Thomas Yeates, who drew the Conan portions of the book.

Similar characters.

The character of the Groosalugg in the TV series "Angel" is generally called "Groo" by other characters, and is a somewhat naïve wandering barbarian hero who is a highly skilled swordsman.  In Norway, the magazine "Pyton" once parodied the comic by placing the Norwegian Prime Minister Gro Harlem Brundtland in the role of Groo, as a pun on her name.  Also in Norway, when the local version of "Mad" magazine ran a parody of "Ronia, the Robber's Daughter", the "gray dwarves" pestering Ronia had become "Groo dwarves".

Awards and nominations.

Sergio Aragonés received the National Cartoonist Society Reuben Award for 1996 for his work on "Groo" and "Mad" magazine. In 2009, "Groo: Hell on Earth" was nominated for the Eisner Award for Best Limited Series.  The comic protagonist of the same name has also received positive reviews. "Wizard" ranked him as the 135th-greatest comic book character of all time, while IGN ranked Groo as the 100th-greatest comic book hero of all time stating that "while he may not be the brightest bulb on the battlefield, Groo is an earnest and kind-hearted adventurer whose travels are never short on laughs and adventure."

Groo the Wanderer is a fantasy/comedy comic book series written and drawn by Sergio Aragonés, rewritten, co-plotted and edited by Mark Evanier, lettered by Stan Sakai and colored by Tom Luth. Over the years it has been published by Pacific Comics, Eclipse Comics (one special issue), Marvel Comics (under its Epic imprint), Image Comics and Dark Horse Comics.


Biography.

He was a nephew of Hannibal Barca, Carthage's leading general. Hanno's mother was one of Hannibal's three elder sisters.

Travel through the Alps.

When Hannibal's army reached the Western bank of the Rhône River, they began preparations to cross. A group of Gauls gathered on the Eastern bank, intent on preventing the army from crossing. Hanno led a small group north, which crossed in small rafts they built. Once across, they headed south toward the Gauls. Hanno sent a smoke signal to inform Hannibal that his force was ready. Hannibal began to send his cavalry across in canoes. As the cavalry attained a foothold on the Eastern bank, the Gauls approached, ready to fight. At this point, Hanno's force attacked the Gauls' rear, causing enough confusion to force the Gauls to retreat.

Campaign in Italy.

At the Battle of Cannae, Hanno led the Numidian cavalry on the right (northern) side of the Carthaginian army. Hasdrubal led the Spanish and Celtic cavalry on the left (south near the Aufidus river) of the Carthaginian army. Hasdrubal was given about 6,500 cavalry, and Hanno had 3,500 Numidians. Hasdrubal's force was able to quickly destroy the Roman cavalry (on the south), pass the Romans' infantry rear, and reach the Roman allied cavalry while they were engaged with Hanno's Numidians. Once the Romans' allied cavalry was destroyed, Hanno and Hasdrubal were able to lead their cavalry into the Roman infantry's rear.  With the defection of several cities to Carthage in Lucania, Bruttium, Apulia and Samnium after Cannae, Hannibal sent Mago Barca into Lucania with a detachment of troops in 216 BC to recruit troops and subjugate towns. Mago completed his mission, and when he sailed to Carthage to report to the Carthaginian senate and ask for reinforcements, Hanno was left in command of his army. Hanno continued to subdue pro-Roman towns in Bruttium. While marching back to Campania Tiberius Sempronius Longus defeated Hanno near Grumentum, causing 2,000 casualties, and forcing Hanno to retreat back to Bruttium in early 215 BC. Hanno received the reinforcements landed by Bomilcar, the leading Carthaginian admiral, consisting of 4,000 cavalry and 40 elephants, near Locri and joined Hannibal near Nola later that year. He was present at the Third Battle of Nola in the summer of 215 BC. After the battle, Hannibal sent Hanno back to Bruttium with an army.  Hanno led a mostly Bruttian army that captured Crotona in 215 BC, and with the defection of Locri, all of Bruttium except Rhegium was allied with Carthage. He had marched to join Hannibal in Campania in early 214 BC, but, near the River Calor, at Beneventum, his army was intercepted by the praetor Tiberius Gracchus and his legions of mostly freed slaves. In the ensuing combat, Hanno’s army of 17,000 foot (mostly Bruttians and Lucanians) and 1,200 horse was utterly routed, forcing Hanno to escape with only 2,000 soldiers, chiefly cavalry back to Bruttium. His situation improved when he destroyed a force of pro-Roman Lucanians in early 213 BC in Bruttium.

Defending Capua.

In 212 BC, Hannibal ordered Hanno to arrange provisions for Capua, which was being threatened by the Romans. The Romans had fielded six legions, along with allied units and cavalry units, to besiege Capua (led by prefects Hanno and Bostar), which they were circumventing with double palisades. Hanno, starting from Bruttium, slipped past the army of Gracchus in Lucania, then evaded the respective armies of the two consuls in Samnium, and finally reached Beneventum. He set up camp on a hill and collected provisions from his Samnite allies, then requested some wagons from the Capuans so as to carry the provisions to Capua from his camp.  The tardiness of the Capuans, who were slow to send sufficient wagons, gave time for Quintus Fulvius Flaccus to get wind of the enterprise from loyal Italians, and he attacked the Carthaginian camp when most of Hanno’s men were out foraging. Although the Carthaginians succeeded in repulsing the first assault, the Romans were galvanized by the actions of an Italian allied cohort and eventually captured all the supplies and wagons along with the camp. Hanno, unable to do anything further for Capua, then retired to Bruttium, again evading the Roman armies that could have intercepted him in on the way.

Return to Africa.

He reappears in sources as the next commander of the land armies of Carthage after the defeat of Hasdrubal Gisgo. He was replaced by Hannibal himself.

Hanno (, ), distinguished as the son of the suffet Bomilcar, was a Carthaginian officer in the Second Punic War (218 to 201 BC)


Life.

James Gaven Field was born in Walnut, Culpeper County, Virginia to Judge Lewis Yancy Field and Maria Duncan. After attending a classical school, he engaged in mercantile pursuits at Fairfax, Virginia, and subsequently taught school. On June 20, 1854 he married Frances E. Cowherd until her death in April 1877 and on February 2, 1882 married Elizabeth R. Logwood.  In 1848 he accompanied Major Hill, paymaster in the U.S. Army, to California as clerk, and became engaged in the pay department of the U.S. Army. He was chosen a secretary of the convention that framed the first constitution of the state of California in 1850. In October 1850 he returned to Virginia, where he studied law with his uncle, Judge Richard H. Field, and was admitted to the bar in 1852. In 1859 he was appointed as commonwealth attorney for Culpeper county.  On April 17, 1861 he resigned as commonwealth attorney and volunteered with Culpeper county's minute men and participated at the Battle of Harpers Ferry. He was promoted to the rank of major on March 23, 1861 and served on the staff of General A. P. Hill. At the Battle of Cold Harbor he was wounded and later lost a leg at the Battle of Cedar Creek on August 9, 1862. He was temporarily out of the army until May 1863 and continued his service until April 9, 1865.  Following the Civil War he joined the Conservative Party. He became Attorney General of Virginia in 1877 and in 1879 he argued before the Supreme Court in Ex Parte Virginia that Congress did not have the authority to require blacks on trial juries, but was defeated in the court case and after serving five years in this capacity retired to a farm in Albemarle County, Virginia.  During the 1892 presidential election he was nominated as the People's Party vice presidential candidate on the first ballot on July 5 alongside James B. Weaver as the presidential nominee. Field campaigned in the southern and border states and in support of the party's radical reform platform. At a mid-July speech in Gordonsville, in Orange County, he compared the revolutionary impulse of Populism with the American Revolution of 1776 and advised his audience to "Read your Bibles Sunday and the Omaha platform every day in the week." The ticket won five states and received over one million votes. In 1893 he advocated for the impeachment of President Grover Cleveland and later supported William Jennings Bryan in 1896 and 1900.  On October 12, 1901 he died in Gordonsville, Virginia.

James Gaven Field (February 24, 1826 – October 12, 1901) was an American politician and Confederate major who served as Attorney General of Virginia and as the vice presidential nominee of the Populist party during the 1892 presidential election.


History.

Umaria was a part of Shahdol district before separation in 1998. Umariya is ruled by Lodhi Rajputs (Malgujars). The Lodhi Rajput Family built the temple of Lakshmi Narayan on southern bank of Narbada Barman ghat. They also built on the steps of the northern bank of Barman ghat Kareli a great gateway called the Hathi Darwaza, to allow their elephants passage. Later HH Thakur Shri Ranmat Singh Baghel, the descent of Maharaja Vikramaditya of Rewa came with his force and won it from Lodhis then it became the Southern Capital of Rewa Riyasat after some years in 17th century. Umaria was always a favourite town for many a princes and kings because the dense forests and tigers. The forests of Bandhavgarh were a game reserve of Maharaja of Rewa.

Climate.

Average Rainfall : 1293 m.m.  Average Max. Temperature :46.2 °C  Average Min. Temperature : -0.1 °C

Economy.

In 2006 the Ministry of Panchayati Raj named Umaria one of the country's 250 most backward districts (out of a total of 640). It is one of the 24 districts in Madhya Pradesh currently receiving funds from the Backward Regions Grant Fund Programme (BRGF).

Demographics.

According to the 2011 census Umaria District has a population of 644,758, roughly equal to the nation of Montenegro or the US state of Vermont. This gives it a ranking of 513th in India (out of a total of 640). The district has a population density of. Its population growth rate over the decade 2001-2011 was 24.73%. Umaria has a sex ratio of 953 females for every 1000 males, and a literacy rate of 67.34%.

Languages.

At the time of the 2011 Census of India, 83.58% of the population in the district spoke Hindi and 14.43% speak Bagheli as their first language.  Bagheli has a lexical similarity of 72-91% with Hindi (compared to 60% for German and English) and is spoken by about 7,800,000 people in Bagelkhand.

Bandhavgarh National Park.

Bandhavgarh () is a relatively small park, in the last few years this former game reserve has become one of India's most prominent National Parks. The major reason for all the interest is Bandhavgarh high density of tigers, which roam the mixed forests of sal, bamboo and ambilica officinale in search of an easy kill. The tigers have not only bolstered the local population by breeding successfully, they have also brought international media attention to the park and to the plight of the Royal Bengal Tiger. The density of the tiger population at Bandhavgarh is the highest known in India. 60 Tigers at 450 km. area in Bandhavgarh National Park. This is also "WHITE TIGER" country. The last known as captured by Maharaja Martand Singh in 1951. This White Tiger "Mohan", is now stuffed and display in the place of Maharajah of Rewa.

Attractions.

Bandhavgarh Fort  Bandhavgarh is the name of tehsil in Umaria District. Formerly it was the capital of the Bandhavgarh Kingdom of the Magha dynasty, then the headquarters of the tehsil. At present its headquarters is Umaria.  The fort of Bandhavgarh is a place of considerable archaeological and historical importance.  It is a natural impregnable fort and stands on a hill, at an attitude of about 2430 metres above sea-level. The Bamnia hill is also a part of the fort, because it is enclosed by a rampart. The fort is on the Rewa-Uma-Katni road at a distance of about 41 km from Umaria Town.  Chandia is situated on the Umaria-Katni road, at a distance of about 21 km. from Umaria. The railway station of Chandia Road, known as Chandia railway station.  The most important spot of Chandia is a small temple, enshrining Goddess Kalika. Her mouth is wide open, but her out-stretched tongue is broken. There is also an old temple of god Rama and his consort Janaki. It was the seat of Thakur of Chandia. A small fair meets at Suraswahi Chandia for 3 days in February/March, on the occasion of Shivaratri. Pali Birsinghpur  Pali is situated on the Umaria-Shahdol road, at a distance of about 36 km from Umaria. Another road goes from Pali to Mandla via Dindori. Pali is also a railway station, and there is a rest house for the tourists to stay. The station is known as the Pali-Birsinghpur station. Near the railway station there is a temple, enshrining Birasinidevi. By popular belief she is Goddess Kali, represented here as skeleton Goddess, but with her mouth closed. Many remains of old jain idols kept here in some Hindu temples. The annual fairs are held both in October and March, on the occasion of Navaratri, near the temple of Goddess.  Umaria Town  The headquarters town of the Umaria district and Bandhavgarh tehsil, formerly Umaria was the headquarters of the South Rewa District. It is situated at a distance of about 69 km from Shahdol.  Near the railway station stands a Siva temple, known as the Sagara temple. It was an old shrine, recently remodeled. Its main gates are still intact with stone statues, carved in Khajuraho models. Near about is Jwalamukhi temple. about 6.5 km from the town, there is another temple, with similar carvings of the Khajuraho pattern. It is known as the Mariwal temple.  Umaria is known for its coal-mines, which were opened in 1881 by the Government of India and transferred to the Rewa Darbar in the same year, mainly to meet the requirement of railway at Katni.  Baderi is a gram panchayat in Umaria district. It was the province of Baghela Dynasty. It is situated about 5 km from Umaria in Bandhavgarh Road. In 16th and 17th century, it was the capital of Rewa Riyasat before Umaria. There is Nand Mahal, ruled by Thakur Ranmat Singh in 16th century.  Manpur is a block and the biggest tehsil in umaria district. It is situated about 45 km from district headquarter and about 12 km from Bandhavgarh National Park in Tala-Jaisinghnagar road. There are 84 Gram Panchayats in Manpur tehsil.  Mangthar Dam (Birsinghpur Reservoir)  Birsinghpur Reservoir is located 12–13 km from Birsinghpur Pali Railway Station. This reservoir is constructed for Sanjay Gandhi Thermal Power Station. This reservoir is constructed on Johila river, which originates near Amarkantak in Anuppur district of Madhya Pradesh. Johila River is a tributary of the Son River, which is the second largest tributary of the Ganga river from the southern banks.

Umaria district is a district of Madhya Pradesh. The town of Umaria is the district headquarters. The district is part of Shahdol Division.


Design and development.

After initial studies on gas turbines in the late 1920s, Daimler-Benz lost interest in them until 1939 with the arrival of Karl Leist. Work began immediately on the DB 670 (aka ZTL 5000), a ducted fan with compressor feeding an afterburner, driven by a DB 604 X-24 engine delivering. At a weight of, with an expected thrust of at a speed of and altitude of the DB 670 was abandoned due to the very low power/weight ratio. After a brief interlude studying pulse-jets Leist began work on what was to become the DB007.  Previous design efforts in Germany had investigated ducted fans (turbofans / by-pass turbojets) and contra-rotating compressor spools, but Leist incorporated both into the ZTL6000 (precursor to the ZTL 6001 / DB 007), resulting in a very complex design. Another novel feature was a turbine which passed alternately through the combustion chamber efflux and cooling air tapped from the bypass flow. By the Summer of 1942 design goals had been revised down and the new engine was given the designations ZTL6001 (company) and DB 007 / ZTL 109-007 (RLM), ZTL being an acronym for "Zweikreiststurbinen-Luftstrahltriebwerk" (two-circuit turbojet engine).  Air entered the engine through a conventional air intake, flow splitting after the initial guide vanes to the compressor inside and the ducted fan outside, with a by-pass ratio of approximately 2.45:1. The compressor consisted of seventeen stages of blading, eight carried on the inner drum, rotating at full engine speed, and nine on the outer drum which rotated in the opposite direction at 0.5:1 engine speed. Although extremely complicated mechanically, a compressor efficiency of 80% was expected with a very credible pressure ratio of 8:1. For comparison, typical engines of the era offered pressure ratios on the order of 3.5:1.  Further complication arose from the ducted fan which consisted of three stages of blading attached to the outside of the rotating compressor casing, with stators attached to the inside of the engine outer casing. Calculated efficiency of the fan section was 84%.  Air from the compressor passed to the four linked tubular combustion chambers, spaced evenly around the circumference with gaps to allow cool bypass air tapped from the by-pass duct to cool the turbine directly. Although this resulted in relatively poor turbine efficiency, at 74%, the cooling allowed a far higher Turbine Inlet Temperature (TIT) increasing the overall efficiency of combustion.  The turbine consisted of hollow nickel steel blading on a forged steel turbine wheel which drove the compressor via a hollow shaft and flexible coupling. the inner compressor drum was driven directly but a reduction gearbox drove the outer drum at half speed.  Structural materials were mainly cast aluminium alloys forward of the combustion chamber and welded sheet steel from the combustion chambers aft.

Operational history.

Only bench testing had been achieved before the program was cancelled in May 1944.

The Daimler-Benz DB 007, (RLM ("Reichsluftfahrtministerium" - Reich Air Ministry) designation ZTL 109-007, company designation ZTL6001), was an early German jet engine design stemming from design work carried out by Karl Leist from 1939. This was a complex design featuring contra-rotating stages and a bypass fan, making it one of the earliest turbofan designs to be produced. The end result of the design work was built as the DB 007 and began testing on a test-bed on 27 May 1943. Due to the expected low performance, complexity and the good results achieved by much simpler designs, work was halted on the DB 007 in May 1944 by order of the RLM.


Background.

In October 2018, Canadian Football League (CFL) commissioner Randy Ambrosie outlined a plan to grow the CFL's presence, which he dubbed CFL 2.0, including growth internationally. As part of this expansion the CFL held a special draft in January 2019 with the Liga de Fútbol Americano Profesional (LFA), the top-level pro American football league in Mexico. Players selected there were not signed to teams but rather had their rights held by their selecting teams. In March 2019, 18 players from in Italy, Germany, France, Finland, and Denmark attended the 2019 CFL Combine alongside Canadian players eligible for the normal CFL Draft; all players came from top club leagues in Europe, with the exception of two French players coming from Canadian university football and one Italian player from coming American junior college football. Only those that attended the combine were be eligible to be drafted in the CFL European Draft. Players selected in these drafts filled a new classification of CFL players called "global players" (in contrast to "National" Canadian players and "International" players which mostly consist of Americans); Ambrosie was initially seeking for each CFL team to have two roster spots for these new global players but, after negotiations with the CFLPA, it formally decided on one roster spot and two practice roster spots.

Selection order.

Unlike the normal CFL Draft, which sets selection order based on a team's record the previous season (similar to the NFL Draft), the preceding CFL–LFA draft instead used a weighted lottery system where teams received an increased chance at a higher draft priority (similar to the NBA Draft) but not a guarantee. Unlike either the 3-round CFL–LFA draft or the 8-round CFL draft, this draft will only consist of a single round. Similarly, the European draft also used a lottery system, with a draft order set on April 4.

The 2019 CFL European Draft took place on April 11, 2019. Nine players were chosen from a pool of 18 European players who attended the 2019 CFL Combine.


High school career.

Hunter attended Friends' Central School in Wynnewood, Pennsylvania. As a junior, he averaged 21.6 points, 11.0 rebounds, and 5.0 assists per game, while being named Pennsylvania Class AA Player of the Year. As a senior in 2016, Hunter averaged 23.5 points, 9.8 rebounds, 3.0 assists and 2.5 blocks per game. Hunter was rated as a four-star recruit and ranked as the 72nd overall recruit and 14th best small forward in the 2016 high school class.  On September 12, 2015, Hunter committed to Virginia, choosing UVA over other offers from NC State & Notre Dame.

College career.

During his redshirt freshman season, Hunter scored double figures in 16 games, including in 11 conference games. During a game against Louisville, Hunter scored the final 3 pointer to win the game at the buzzer. Hunter broke his wrist during the 2018 ACC tournament and could not play in the 2018 NCAA tournament. Without Hunter, the number 1 seed Virginia went on to lose in the first round to the number 16 seed, UMBC. After this season, Hunter was named to the All-ACC All-Freshman team, as well as being named the ACC Sixth man of the year. In his freshman season, Hunter posted 9.2 points and 3.5 rebounds per game. Hunter later announced that he would return to Virginia for the 2018–2019 season despite speculation that he could declare for the 2018 NBA draft.  In his sophomore season, Hunter averaged 15.2 points per game and 5.1 rebounds per game. He helped lead Virginia to another #1 seed in the 2019 NCAA Tournament. Virginia would win the 2019 Championship game 85–77 behind Hunter's 27 points and 9 rebounds, including a game-tying 3 with 12.9 seconds left in regulation.  Following his second season, Hunter announced his intention to forgo his final two seasons of collegiate eligibility and declare for the 2019 NBA draft, where he was taken 4th overall by the Los Angeles Lakers and later traded to the Atlanta Hawks.

Professional career.

Atlanta Hawks (2019–present).

On June 20, 2019, Hunter was drafted by the Los Angeles Lakers with the 4th overall pick in the 2019 NBA draft, and then traded to the New Orleans Pelicans in the Anthony Davis trade, and then again to the Atlanta Hawks along with Solomon Hill in exchange for picks Nos. 8, 17 and 35 in the 2019 NBA draft. On July 7, 2019, the Atlanta Hawks announced that they had signed with Hunter. On October 24, 2019, Hunter made his debut in NBA, started in a 117–100 win over the Detroit Pistons with fourteen points and two rebounds.

De'Andre James Hunter (born December 2, 1997) is an American professional basketball player for the Atlanta Hawks of the National Basketball Association (NBA). He played college basketball for the Virginia Cavaliers where they won the National Championship in 2019.