Early life.

Auichi was born on 31 July 1980, in Higashiōsaka, Osaka. She attended. In her high school years, Kakiuchi began working as a model, appearing on "Cawaii!" and participated in several music auditions, following advice from her friends. In 1998, Kakiuchi attended Doshisha Women's College of Liberal Arts.

Career.

1998–1999: Pre-debut period.

In July 1998, her cover of "Desperado" was released as a part of the euro-beat compilation album "Eurobeat Flash Vol.19", via Cutting Edge. In the spring of 1999, she won the first season of the audition show "Super Starlight Contest" and received a recording contract with Giza Studio.

2000–2002: "Be Happy" and "Power of Words".

In March 2000, she made her debut as Rina Aiuchi with her first single "Close to Your Heart", the theme song to the Japanese animated television series "Monster Rancher". The single was a moderate success, selling approximately 64,000 copies and peaking at number nineteen on the "Oricon" Weekly Singles Chart. The second and third singles from her debut album; "It's Crazy for You" and "Ohh! Paradise Taste!!" were released to moderate success, peaking in Japan at number sixteen and twenty-three, respectively. Her fourth single "Koi wa Thrill, Shock, Suspense" achieved nationwide success, reaching number five and certificated Gold by the Recording Industry Association of Japan (RIAJ). The song attracted considerable attention for serving as the theme song to the Japanese animated television series "Case Closed". On 24 January 2001, Aiuchi's debut album "Be Happy" was released to a commercial success. The eurobeat-influenced J-pop album peaked at number three and has certificated Gold in Japan. In support of the album, Aiuchi embarked on her first concert tour, "Rina Aiuchi Club Circuit 2001 "Be Happy"". In March 2001, Aiuchi earned a Japan Gold Disc Award for New Artist of the Year.  In April 2001, "Faith" was released as the lead single from the second album. To promote the song, Aiuchi appeared on several television music shows like "CDTV". The song achieved a moderate success, reaching number eight on the "Oricon" chart. Aiuchi's second album "Power of Words" was released in May 2002. The album has spawned three top-five singles: "Navy Blue" was released as the third single from the album in October 2001. The J-pop ballad song succeeded commercially, peaking at number two in Japan and has sold over 127,000 copies in Japan. As of September 2018, "Navy Blue" has remained Aiuchi's the best-selling song. The follow-up single, "Forever You: Eien ni Kimi to" was released in February 2002. The wedding-themed J-pop song reached number five on the "Oricon" chart and has certificated Gold by RIAJ. The fifth single from the album, "I Can't Stop My Love for You" was released in April 2002. The song served as the theme song to the Japanese animated television series "Case Closed" and became her third best-selling song, with the sales of approximately 102,000. Followed by these hits, "Power of Words" achieved a massive success in Japan, topping on the "Oricon" chart and certificated Platinum by RIAJ. The album has been her best-selling album as of September 2018, with the sales of over 419,000 copies. From 16 June 2002, Aiuchi embarked on the concert tour, entitled "Rina Aiuchi Live Tour 2002 "Power of Words"" in support of the album.

2003–2004: "A.I.R." and "Playgirl".

The album The double A-side single, "Sincerely Yours"/"Can You Feel the Power of Words?" was released in August 2002. The former served as the lead single from Aiuchi's third album, while the latter being the sixth single from her second album "Power of Words". The single has sold approximately 82,000 copies in Japan and been certificated Gold by RIAJ, peaking at number four on the "Oricon" chart. Aiuchi released the first remix album "Rina Aiuchi Remixes Cool City Production Vol.5" in July 2003. The album was a commercial success, selling over 70,000 copies and reaching number four on the "Oricon" chart. Aiuchi's third studio album, "AIR" was released in 15 October 2003, simultaneously with the sixth single from the album, "Kūki". The album became Aiuchi's second number-one hit in Japan and has certificated Gold by RIAJ. "A.I.R." has spawned five top three singles: "Deep Freeze" was released in November 2002, as the second single from the album. The follow-up single, "Kaze no nai Umi de Dakishimete" served as the theme song to the Japanese drama "Tsuribaka Nisshi". The fourth single from the album, "Full Jump" was released to a success, peaking at number three on the "Oricon" chart and certificated Gold by RIAJ. Aiuchi embarked on the concert tour "Rina Aiuchi Live Tour 2003 "A.I.R."" in November 2003, however, she struggled with aphonia of uncertain cause during the show at Nakano Sun Plaza in Nakano, Tokyo. In December 2003, Aiuchi's first compilation album "Single Collection" was released. The album reached number eight in Japan and later certificated Gold by RIAJ. On 31 December 2003, Aiuchi achieved a first appearance on "Kōhaku Uta Gassen" with "Full Jump".  The lead single from her fourth album, "Dream×Dream" was released in April 2004. The song served as the theme song to the Japanese animated movie "" and peaked at number sixth on the "Oricon" chart. Her fourth album "Playgirl" was released in December 2004. The R&B-influenced J-pop album peaked at number seven and managed to sell 100,000 copies in Japan. The album has yielded three singles: "Dream×Dream", "Start", and "Boom-Boom-Boom".

2005–2008: "Delight" and "Trip".

In May 2005, "Akaku Atsui Kodō" was released as the lead single from Aiuchi's fifth studio album. The song served as the theme song to the Japanese Tokusatsu series "Ultraman Nexus" and reached number seven on the "Oricon" chart. The double-A side single "Glorious"/"Precious Place" was released in March 2006 as the third single from the album. Both songs served the theme song to the PlayStation role-playing video game "". The single was a success, peaking at number five and sold over 26,000 copies in Japan. Her fifth album "Delight" was released in May 2006. The dance music-tasted J-pop album was received well by her fans and reached number four in Japan. In support of the album, Aiuchi embarked on the concert tour "Rina Aiuchi Live Tour 2006 "Delight"" from 8 June 2006. In June 2006, Aiuchi released a collaboration single with U-ka Saegusa, "100 mono Tobira", under the name of Rina Aiuchi and U-ka Saegusa. The song was written for the Japanese television animated series "Case Closed" and sold approximately 30,000 copies in Japan. In addition to her work for "Delight", Aiuchi appeared on the track "Ai Epilogue" on Tsunku's album "Type 2".  In April 2007, the second single as Rina Aiuchi and U-ka Saegusa, "Nanatsu no Umi wo Wataru Kaze no yō ni" was released to a commercial success, selling over 36,500 copies in Japan. The song was written for the Japanese animated movie "". Aiuchi's sixth studio album "Trip" was released in May 2008. The album yielded one top-ten single: "Nemurenu Yo ni"/"Party Time Party Up" and managed to enter top-ten in Japan.

2009: "Thanx" and "All Singles Best: Thanx 10th Anniversary".

In March 2009, Aiuchi's seventh studio album "Thanx" was released. The album failed to enter top-ten in Japan and managed to sell around 22,000 copies nationwide. The album has yielded one top-ten single: "Friend"/"Sugao no mama".  In July 2009, Aiuchi released the double-A side single "Story"/"Summer Light". The single peaked at number nine on the "Oricon" chart and sold approximately 6,700 copies in Japan. The follow-up single, "Magic" was released in October 2009. Although the song failed to enter the top-ten in Japan, the sales surpassed last single, with the total sales of 8,600 copies. Aiuchi's second compilation album "All Singles Best: Thanx 10th Anniversary" was released in December 2009. The album succeeded commercially, reaching number seven on the "Oricon" chart and selling over 38,000 copies in Japan.

2010–2011: "Last Scene" and retirement.

In March 2010, Aiuchi released her first B-side tracks compilation album "Colors". The album failed commercially and sold only 4,500 copies in Japan. On 30 July 2010, Aiuchi announced that she would retire from the music industry at the end of the year, because of the thyroid deficiency. Her eighth and last studio album "Last Scene" was released in September 2010. The album debuted at number eight on the "Oricon" chart and sold approximately 20,600 copies in Japan. The album has yielded four singles: "Good Days", "Sing a Song", "C Love R", and "Hanabi". On 31 December 2010, Aiuchi's first box set "Rina Aiuchi Premier Box 2000–2010" was released exclusively on her fan club and the web store of her label, Giza Studio. In September 2011, her second remix album "Forever Songs: Brand New Remixes" was released.

2012–present: Post-retirement and comeback.

In September 2012, Aiuchi announced that she had founded a dog clothing company, "Bon Bon Copine". Soon, she achieved success as a businesswoman, leading the company to success with 50 million yen of the yearly turnover.  In September 2015, Aiuchi appeared on the Japanese television music show, "The Karaoke Battle" and covered "Hello, Again (Mukashi Kara Aru Basho)" by My Little Lover and "Love Story" by Namie Amuro. The appearance marked her comeback to the music industry and since then, she has performed at several shows. In April 2018, Aiuchi released her first song since 2010, "Warm Prayer" under the name of R. The song managed to enter a top on the "RecoChoku" high-resolution songs chart.

In 2010, Aiuchi announced her retirement from the music industry and founded a dog clothing brand "Bon Bon Copine" in September 2012. She later resumed her musical activities, appearing on several television shows in 2015 and releasing a comeback single "Warm Prayer" in 2018 under the name of R.


Life.

Dieter Leisegang was born on November 25, 1942, the eleventh child to painter and cartographer Gustav Leisegang. He spent his childhood in the city of Wiesbaden until his family relocated to Offenbach am Main in 1959. His first literary works and poems appeared in the 1950s and were published in newspapers, magazines, and anthologies.  After graduating secondary school, Leisegang studied History, German, and Philosophy at the Johann Wolfgang Goethe University, primarily under the instruction of Theodor W. Adorno and Julius Jakob Schaaf. Leisegang took Schaaf's approach of “Universal Relational Theory” and developed it further into a “draft of a philosophy of relationships”, with which “Leisegang leaves behind a self-contained philosophical oeuvre, in which, with a staggering systematic power at the highest level of both introspection and argumentation, profound historical knowledge of the entire history of philosophy seamlessly unites” (Julius Schaaf).  In 1963 Leisegang met typographer and publisher Horst Heiderhoff, together with whom he released the poetry series “Das Neuste Gedicht” ("”The Newest Poem”"). In the same year, however, he was forced to take a break from his studies at the university due to a serious lung condition. After an operation, he was able to return to his studies in 1967. Already during his years at university Leisegang worked a variety of different jobs: as a teaching assistant for an aesthetics course at the Werkkunstschule (College of Design Offenbach) (1968-1960); as a lecturer for text and rhetoric at the Technical College for Industrial Advertising and Sales Promotion in Kassel (1968-1971); and as a freelancer in the editorial department “Art and Literature” for the Hessischer Rundfunk (Hessisch Broadcasting).  In 1969 he finished his doctorate in Philosophy (Julius Schaaf/Theodore W. Adorno), German (Paul Stöcklein), and East European History (Klaus Zernack) with a dissertation on "The Three Powers of Relation". Leisegang was then given a position at Frankfurt University as a lecturer for the History of Philosophy, with particular emphasis on the philosophy of art theory (1971-1973), which he used to work on a philosophical analysis of the works of both Franz Kafka and Karl May. During this time, Leisegang began intensively examining fundamental questions underlying graphic design. This culminated in his "Prolegomena on a Theory of Design", which Leisegang published in the newspaper "design international" in 1971 (whose editors were Leisegang himself, Anton Stankowski, and Horst Heiderhoff). In addition to this, he also toyed with prime numbers.  Leisegang put his teaching position in Frankfurt on hold in 1972 in order to take up a position as guest lecturer at the University of the Witwatersrand in Johannesburg (South Africa). Here, alongside a relational theory drafted in English, he began plans for a philosophic political paper on "Apartheid and Integration as Moments of a True Political Relationship between Black and White in South Africa" (Letter to Julius Schaaf on July 20, 1972). Unfortunately, his posit that one-sided political relationships would inevitably lead to foreseeable social and economic catastrophe, which drew from examples from South Africa, never came to fruition in the form of a paper, as his manuscript went missing during a move. However, it was discussed during his lectures. While still in South Africa, Leisegang explicitly withdrew his application for a chair position at J.W. Goethe University and left his lecturer position there to rest (Letter to J. Schaaf, July 20, 1972).  In August 1972 he returned to Germany due to the death of his father. He held the seminar "Philosophical Aspects of Literature, Karl May: Ardistan and Dschinnistan" in the winter semester of 1972/73, which, in a certain sense, came to be his legacy. Despite his successes, Leisegang committed suicide in the early hours of March 21, 1973. Shortly before this, he had written a letter informing the police of his impending suicide.

Dieter Leisegang (November 25, 1942 in Wiesbaden - March 21, 1973 in Offenbach am Main) was a German Author, Philosopher and Broadcaster.


Life.

His father was a commercial decorative painter. At an early age, he began an after-school apprenticeship in the family workshop, taking advantage of a few free hours for more artistic endeavors. In 1885, after having served as an assistant on a trip to Rostock and Güstrow, his father gave him permission to go to Berlin and look for work.  The Mayor of Plau had seen some of Wandschneider's artistic work and was impressed, so he attempted to arrange a scholarship. After securing recommendations from Ludwig Brunow and Martin Wolff the Mayor sent a letter to Grand Duke Frederick Francis III, who granted Wandschneider a personal gift of 150 Marks to study at the Prussian Academy of Art. After passing the entrance exam in 1886, he studied with Albert Wolff, Paul Friedrich Meyerheim, Fritz Schaper and Gerhard Janensch. He also gained practical experience working in the studios of Burnow, Martin Wolff, and Ernst Herter and Martin Wolff. In 1895, he became a Master Student of Reinhold Begas but didn't remain long, having won a prize from the "Philip von Rohr Foundation" which enabled him to study in Italy for a year. While there, he met his future wife, Anna Kreß, who was working as a model.

Career in Berlin.

Full of confidence upon his return to Berlin, he was determined to achieve success as a free-lance sculptor, participating in several contests for monument and fountain designs. By 1898, he had won three major commissions. In 1899, through his friend, he met Duke John Albert of Mecklenburg, who liked his work and placed several orders. His career truly took off after that point and the years 1897 to 1916 proved to be his most successful. Buoyed by the positive reception he received at the St.Louis World's Fair in 1904, he entered competitions for monuments in places as diverse as Manila, Cape Town and Quito, but to no avail. He finally received an order for a monument to Michael Andreas Barclay de Tolly in Riga and was proffered an invitation to compete for a monument in St.Louis that would be dedicated to the German-American journalists Carl Schurz, Emil Preetorius and Carl Daenzer. He won the contract with a figure called "The Naked Truth".

Travel to America.

In 1913 Wandschneider entered a design competition sponsored by the Preetorious-Schurz-Daenzer Memorial Association of St. Louis, Missouri. The association held the competition, sponsored primarily by Anheuser-Busch cofounder Adolphus Busch, to commemorate three German-American newspapermen of the same names. Wandschneider's entry, a single nude female statue entitled "The Naked Truth" was selected as the winner by the jury, which subsequently invited Wandschneider to St. Louis to collect his winnings.  Unfortunately the Memorial Association, as well as Adolphus Busch himself, were not pleased with the selection of a nude as the winner. Local residents were also upset, and sent the association over 250 letters of complaint. The association cabled Wandschneider, instructing him that they were rescinding the award and to stay in Germany. Wandschneider reportedly received the cable shortly before leaving but decided to go anyway. Upon arrival in St. Louis, Wandschneider met with the design committee and argued for the appropriateness of his design. Wandschneider's personal appeals were effective and his design, The Naked Truth, was selected for execution.

Later years.

After Germany's defeat in World War I, many artists entered a period of financial distress as public commissions and private clients were difficult to find. At times, he had to feed his six children at the local soup kitchen. His only work came from military societies, seeking to memorialize their fallen comrades. In 1925, he had to sell his home and studio in Berlin, returning to his birthplace of Plau to reduce expenses. The people there greeted their famous son enthusiastically, creating a display of his plaster casts in a room at the local schoolhouse. This mini-museum was in operation until 1947. Even though he was politically conservative, he joined the National Socialist party in 1930, perhaps to ensure his employability.  In 1994, the city of Plau established a new museum to house his works, the "Bildhauermuseum Prof. Wandschneider"; on the site of the original classroom. In 2014, the redesigned and enlarged collection was moved to the "Burgmuseum".

Selected major works.

"A complete list of his works may be found in the corresponding article on German Wikipedia".

Wilhelm Georg Johannes Wandschneider (6 June 1866, Plau am See – 23 September 1942, Plau am See) was a German sculptor.


History.

Neyland was a small fishing village in the parish of Llanstadwell, but in 1856 it became the site for the western terminus of Isambard Kingdom Brunel's Great Western Railway with a transatlantic terminal for the largest ships of the time. It was selected instead of the other possible location Abermawr. The town then grew rapidly to serve the port.  The construction of a more substantial port at Goodwick based on an earlier plan of 1846, was revived in 1899, and opened in 1906. Many people relocated from Neyland to Goodwick and Fishguard at that time. Neyland was partially reprieved because silting of Goodwick harbour restricted its use, and for a little over one hundred years, Neyland was a busy rail and sea port. The Neyland terminal ceased operation in 1964.  The rail terminus used to link with the ferry that crossed the Cleddau to Hobbs Point in Pembroke Dock until 1975 when the Cleddau Bridge opened. The redevelopment of the 1980s saw the creation of a new marina and rehabilitation of the old railway yard. Some of the original Brunel iron wide gauge railway tracks can be seen today in use as safety barriers around the quay.  In August 2010, an 8 ft bronze statue of Brunel was stolen from its site in the town's marina, presumably for its metallurgic value.

Sport and leisure.

Sporting groups include Neyland Cricket Club (a founder member of the Pembroke County Cricket Club) established in 1889, Neyland RFC (a rugby union club established in 1885) and Neyland AFC. The town has a yacht club and a marina. The Pembrokeshire Coast National Park is nearby

Public services.

Potable water is supplied to the town by Dŵr Cymru Welsh Water (DCWW). There were gas works alongside the railway. In 1909 it was the site of an explosion which burnt to death a mother and her three-year-old daughter who was taken there to inhale the fumes for the benefit her health.

Neyland is a town and community in Pembrokeshire, Wales, lying on the River Cleddau and the upstream end of the Milford Haven estuary. The Cleddau Bridge carrying the A477 links Pembroke Dock with Neyland.


History.

Intergraph was founded in 1969 as M&S Computing, Inc., by former IBM engineers Jim Meadlock, his wife Nancy, Terry Schansman (the S of M&S), Keith Schonrock, and Robert Thurber who had been working with NASA and the U.S. Army in developing systems that would apply digital computing to real time missile guidance. The company was later renamed to "Intergraph Corporation" in 1980.  One of Intergraph's major hardware projects was developing a line of workstations using the Clipper architecture created by Fairchild Semiconductor. Intergraph was one of only two companies to use the chips in a major product line. Intergraph developed their own version of UNIX for the architecture, which they called CLIX. In 1987, Intergraph bought the Fairchild division responsible for the chip.  In 1997, Intergraph began pursuing litigation against Intel and other computer hardware manufacturers based on the intellectual property developed in Clipper. Intergraph negotiated major settlements with Intel, HP, TI and Gateway, earning the company over $394M. In 2000, Intergraph exited the hardware business and became purely a software company. On July 21, 2000, it sold its Intense3D graphics accelerator division to 3Dlabs, and its workstation and server division to Silicon Graphics.  On November 29, 2006, Intergraph was acquired by an investor group led by Hellman & Friedman LLC, Texas Pacific Group and JMI Equity, making the company privately held. On October 28, 2010, Intergraph was acquired by Hexagon AB. The transaction marks the return of Intergraph as part of a publicly traded company.  As part of the Hexagon acquisition, Hexagon moved the management of ERDAS, Inc. from under Leica Geosystems to Intergraph, and Z/I Imaging airborne imaging sensors from under Intergraph to Leica Geosystems.  On December 2, 2013, the geospatial technology portfolio was split out from under the Intergraph Security, Government and Infrastructure division to form the Hexagon Geospatial division. On October 13, 2015, the Intergraph Security, Government & Infrastructure division was rebranded as Hexagon Safety & Infrastructure. On January 9, 2017, the Intergraph Government Solutions division was rebranded as Hexagon US Federal.  On June 5, 2017, the Intergraph Process, Power & Marine division was rebranded as Hexagon PPM.  In 2018, the acquisition of Bricsys makes Hexagon the world's largest AEC/BIM & CAD company.

Intergraph Corporation was an American software development and services company, which now forms part of Hexagon AB. It provides enterprise engineering and geospatially powered software to businesses, governments, and organizations around the world, and operates through three divisions: Hexagon PPM, Hexagon Safety & Infrastructure, and Hexagon Geospatial. The company’s headquarters is in Madison, Alabama, United States.


Description.

In its fresh state, it is of a pinkish tinge at the pyloric end and of a red or reddish-brown color over the rest of its surface. In infancy it is of a brighter hue, the vascular redness being more marked.  It is thin at the cardiac extremity, but thicker toward the pylorus. During the contracted state of the organ it is thrown into numerous plaits or rugae, which, for the most part, have a longitudinal direction, and are most marked toward the pyloric end of the stomach, and along the greater curvature. These folds are entirely obliterated when the organ becomes distended.  When examined with a lens, the inner surface of the mucous membrane presents a peculiar honeycomb appearance from being covered with funnel-like depressions or foveolae of a polygonal or hexagonal form, which vary from 0.12 to 0.25 mm. in diameter. These are the ducts of the gastric glands, and at the bottom of each may be seen one or more minute orifices, the openings of the gland tubes. Gastric glands are simple or branched tubular glands that emerge on the deeper part of the gastric foveola, inside the gastric areas and outlined by the folds of the mucosa.

Types of glands.

There are three types of glands: cardiac glands (in the proximal part of the stomach), fundic (oxyntic) glands (the dominating type of gland), and pyloric glands. The cardiac glands mainly contain mucus-producing cells called foveolar cells. The bottom part of the oxyntic glands is dominated by zymogenic (chief) cells that produce pepsinogen (an inactive precursor of the pepsin enzyme). Parietal cells, which secrete hydrochloric acid (HCl) are scattered in the glands, with most of them in the middle part. The upper part of the glands consist of mucous neck cells; in this part the dividing cells are seen. The pyloric glands contain mucus-secreting cells.  Several types of endocrine cells are found in throughout the gastric mucosa. The pyloric glands contain gastrin-producing cells (G cells); this hormone stimulates acid production from the parietal cells. Enterochromaffin-like cells (ECLs), found in the oxyntic glands release histamine, which also is a powerful stimulant of the acid secretion. The A cells produce glucagon, which mobilizes the hepatic glycogen, and the enterochromaffin cells produce serotonin, which stimulates the contraction of the smooth muscles.

Surface.

The surface of the mucous membrane is covered by a single layer of columnar epithelium. This epithelium commences very abruptly at the cardiac orifice, where there is a sudden transition from the stratified epithelium of the esophagus. The epithelial lining of the gland ducts is of the same character and is continuous with the general epithelial lining of the stomach. An important iodine concentration by sodium-iodide symporter (NIS) is present in mucinous cells of surface epithelium and gastric pits of the fundus and pyloric part of the stomach.

The gastric mucosa is the mucous membrane layer of the stomach, which contains the glands and the gastric pits. In humans, it is about 1 mm thick, and its surface is smooth, soft, and velvety. It consists of simple columnar epithelium, lamina propria, and the muscularis mucosae.


Early life.

Karin Ugowski was born in Berlin Johannisthal, Germany during the last stage of The Battle of Berlin in the middle of the Berlin bombings, 2 years before the end of Second World War. She grew up in postwar Germany behind the Iron Curtain and her parents were both wartime traumatized. After finishing Gymnasiale Oberstufe (comparable to Highschool in US) she was intended to study medicine. Against the will of her parents she attended to the Film University Babelsberg in 1962 and received her B.A. in drama from the Film University Babelsberg, Germany in 1965. She has a younger brother.

Career.

During her acting studies she already gained notice and received widespread recognition for her enchanting but self-confident impersonations of the princess roles in German classic theatrical motion pictures in the early 1960s based on historical fairy tales, like "Mother Holly" (1963), "The Golden Goose" (1964) and "King Thrushbeard" (1965) co-starring German cult actor Manfred Krug. Her first cinema appearances were heavily related to an ideal of female youth and beauty in the 1960s of postwar Germany. In this time she already became an up-and-coming film star building a fan base, which still remains until today for these old film classics, which are still airing in German TV frequently.  Already during her first film work she fell in love with theater, especially the experimental and political theatre, which was able to change something in the time of upheaval in Germany. As a permanent company member of the Volksbuehne Berlin theatre, she worked early with great personalities such as Benno Besson, Heiner Müller and later Frank Castorf, Johann Kresnik, Leander Haußmann, Christoph Schlingensief and other Berlin theater-greats with guest performances all over the world. This is how she became a member of the political movement "Neues Forum" in the late 1980s, supporting the political rally in November 1989 at the Berlin Alexanderplatz, which was part of the Fall of the Berlin Wall and the lifting of the Iron Curtain leading to the end of the Cold War.  The actress, who has frequently campaigned for art and culture support and development in Germany in the last decades and has carried a yearly exhibition festival with her husband to support artists in this area, became a talking point recently again by participating in a supporting role as mother of the lead in Samuel Maoz's latest international motion picture "Foxtrot" (Israel, 2017), a sequel of his award-winning motion picture Lebanon (2009), which will likely screen in Cannes and won the Silver lion (Grand Prix de Jury) at the Biennale 2017/18.  In all, the actress was involved in over 80 theater productions and over 150 film and television productions. Politically, Karin Ugowski can be considered as critical of any system, reasoned by her own history and which is mirrored in her commitment for political theater and various interpretive readings up to today. Since 2006, Karin Ugowski is an active member of the German Film Academy and member of the jury for the German film award (LOLA).

Personal life.

During her acting studies in the time when she came to be known for her first motion picture appearances in the 1960s she met her first husband Eberhart Ugowski and married very quickly. In this time her first son was born. Even if the marriage only lasted for a few years, her last name by which she is known (Ugowski) remains from this marriage. Since then she kept the name even after the divorce in 1967 because of the name recognition.  In the 1970s she was in a long-term relationship with the actor and well-known theater director Helmut Straßburger she met when working with him on theater stagings, bringing her second son into the world: the author, play wright, independent stage director and film maker, composer and music producer Sebastian Ugovsky (sometimes credited as Gilmano for musical works), the founder of the music record label REQQORD (formerly Slo' Jam) in Berlin, Germany, who has contributed music titles to film scores of motion pictures like The Equalizer (2014, Denzel Washington).  Karin Ugowski has cultivated a long-term friendship with the author and play wright Peter Brasch, brother of also well-known author, poet and play write Thomas Brasch and the actor Klaus Brasch. The parents of the Brasch brothers were Jewish immigrants to the UK in the late 1930s during the pogrom in Germany and moved back to Germany after the end of Second World War, which made both authors, Thomas and Peter, being strongly driven by the dream for eternal peace and freedom of thought in their work, a common ground between the Braschs and Karin Ugowski. Peter Brasch had a crash on Karin Ugowski and has dedicated a book of poetry to her (inscription) and wrote another radio play called "The Golden Goose - an audio drama adaptation" in 1989 inspired by her role of princess Roswitha in the classic movie. He died in 2001. He was one of the first having insights in the first writings of Karin Ugowski's son Sebastian Ugovsky.  Since 1993 she's married to the painter and scenographer Günter Horn, the last living advisee of the famous painter Otto Nagel.

Filmography.

A selection of Cinema and TV motion pictures.

Theatrography.

A selection.

Karin Ugowski née Karin Komischke (born July 11, 1943) is a German film and stage actress, voice actress, narrator, film producer and furtherer of art and culture in Germany with various stations of work in UK, France, Italy, Israel, Russia, Hungary, Poland, Spain, US and Germany.


Biography.

Mlynek studied physics from 1970 to 1976 at the Technical University of Hannover and at the École Polytechnique in Paris. In 1979, he obtained his doctor ́s degree and habilitated in 1984.  Between 1976 and 1981, Mlynek was a scientific assistant in Hannover and in 1982 he worked for one year as a post-doctoral fellow with the IBM Research Laboratory in San Jose, California. After three years as academic assistant in Hannover he became a Heisenberg fellow of the German Research Foundation (DFG – Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft) in 1985 and served as assistant professor at the ETH Zurich from 1986 to 1990.  In 1990, Mlynek became a full professor for experimental physics at the University of Konstanz. There he realized an atom inferometer for the first time and conducted groundbreaking experiments in the field of atom optics and quantum optics. Among them are his works on the Heisenberg microscope and the measurement of the Wigner function of the quantum state of matter and light. Since 2000 he has been professor for experimental physics at the Humboldt University of Berlin.  From 1996 to 2001, he was vice president of the German Research Foundation (DFG) where he dedicated himself to encouraging young academics. Between 2000 and 2005, Mlynek was president of the Humboldt University. During his term of presidency, he had to implement a series of reforms due to drastic reductions in order to downsize structures and to promote excellence. Besides, the sciences moved from Berlin Mitte to Adlershof and it was decided to build the Grimm library in Berlin Mitte.  In 2005, shortly after his reelection as president of the Humboldt University, Mlynek switched to the Helmholtz Association of German Research Centres, Germany’s largest science organization, and became president. In June 2009, he was reelected for a second and last presidential term (2010-2015). During his presidency, program-oriented research was enhanced and the Helmholtz mission was strengthened in terms of strategic research for the national benefit. In addition, he developed new tools of strategic cooperation with universities like Helmholtz alliances and Helmholtz Institutes.  In 2006, Mlynek was one of the co-founders of the foundation "Haus der kleinen Forscher" which was supported by the Helmholtz Association from the beginning. It has now become the most successful initiative on education for young children in the German speaking countries. Furthermore, he established the Helmholtz Management Academy for teaching management techniques in the domain of science. The academy is also open to partner organizations and universities.  Since September 2015 he has resumed teaching as a professor in the physics department of the Humboldt University. Since the spring term in 2016, he has been officially released as a professor. Among his offices are Chairman of the Board of Trustees at the Falling Walls Foundation, Chairman of the Foundation Board at the "Haus der kleinen Forscher", Chairman of the Board of Trustees at the Foundation Brandenburger Tor, board member of the Wilhelm und Else Heraeus Foundation, as well as member of various university and science committees. Furthermore, he is a board member of the Holtzbrinck publishing group, of the company Carl Zeiss and WISTA-Management GmbH.  Mlynek worked in the field of experimental quantum optics, atomic physics and surface physics. He has published more than 200 papers (SCI:7875 / h-index:47).  He is married since 1972 to teacher Dagmar Mlynek and has two sons.

Honors and awards.

Mlynek is a member of the Berlin-Brandenburg Academy of Sciences and Humanities, National Academy of Science and Engineering (acatech) and the Academia Europaea.

Jürgen Mlynek (born in Gronau, Lower Saxony on 15 March 1951) is a German physicist and was president of the Helmholtz Association of German Research Centres from 2005 to 2015.


History.

Tamra is an ancient village on hill. Old squared stone blocks have been reused in village homes. Cisterns, and tombs carved into rock have also been found here.  In the 1253, during the Crusader era, John Aleman, Lord of Caesarea, sold several villages, including Tamra, to the Hospitallers. In 1283 it was mentioned as part of the domain of the Crusaders, according to the hudna between the Crusaders in Acre and the Mamluk sultan Qalawun.

Ottoman era.

Tamra, was incorporated into the Ottoman Empire in 1517, and in the census of 1596 the village was located in the "Nahiya" of Acca, part of Safad Sanjak. The population was 22 Muslim households. They paid a fixed tax rate of 20% on wheat, barley, fruit trees, cotton, occasional revenues, beehives and winter pastures; a total of 2,929 akçe. In 1799 it was named "Tomrat" on the map of Pierre Jacotin.  In 1859 the British Consul Rogers estimated the population to be 1,200, all Muslims, and the cultivated area 80 feddans, while Victor Guérin found it in 1875 to have 800 inhabitants, all Muslim.  In 1881, the PEF's "Survey of Western Palestine" (SWP) described Tamra as: "A large village, with a small mosque on the east and well on the north. There is a rock-cut tomb west of the houses. South of the village, in the valley, a fine olive-grove extends as far as er Rueis."  A population list from about 1887 showed that Tamra had about 535 inhabitants; all Muslims.

British Mandate era.

At the time of the 1922 census of Palestine Tamra had a population of 1,111, all Muslims, increasing in the 1931 census to 1,258, all Muslims, in a total of 282 houses.  In the 1945 statistics, Tamra had 1,830 inhabitants, all Muslims, while the total jurisdiction of the village was 30,559 dunams of land. 1,564 dunams were used for plantations and irrigable land, 14,434 dunams for cereals, while 206 dunams were built-up (urban) land.

State of Israel.

Tamra was captured by Israeli forces from the Arab Liberation Army and the Syrian Army in 1948 Arab–Israeli War as a part of Operation Dekel. On 20 May 1948 the civilian population had been evacuated on orders from Arab irregular forces. According to Benny Morris it was feared that the village would surrender to the Yishuv. The city grew rapidly in the period of Israel's first years as a nation due to the influx of Palestinian refugees from destroyed nearby villages such as al-Birwa or al-Damun. Large percentages of the city's farming land was expropriated by Israeli authorities and allocated to farming cooperatives and nearby Jewish settlement towns such as Mitzpe Aviv. Tamra achieved local council status in 1956 and was declared a city in 1996.  The city became famous for its large dairy factory named "Rajeb-Tamra", taking a certain portion of the dairy market in Israel, especially in the Arab sector.

Demographics.

According to the Israel Central Bureau of Statistics (CBS), at the end of 2007 the city had a total population of 27,300. In 2001, the ethnic makeup of the city was almost entirely Arab (99.6% Muslim), with no significant Jewish population. See Population groups in Israel.  According to CBS, in 2001 there were 11,900 males and 11,400 females. The population of the city was spread out with 48.5% 19 years of age or younger, 18.0% between 20 and 29, 19.7% between 30 and 44, 9.0% from 45 to 59, 1.6% from 60 to 64, and 3.0% 65 years of age or older. The population growth rate in 2001 was 3.3% and 2005 had dropped to 2.5%.  The largest and most influential clan in Tamra is the Diab, which consists of several branches. Other clans include the Hejazi, and the smaller clans of Abd al-Hadi, Abu Na'ama, Abu Rumi, Amar, Arshid, Awwad, Kanaan, Muhsin, Nasser, Natour, Ourabi, Radi, Shama, Shaqir, Sheikh Ali and Yassin. In addition to the aforementioned clans, whose presence in Tamra predates the state of Israel, the city is home to internally displaced Palestinians and their descendants from the nearby villages of al-Damun, Hadatha, Mi'ar and al-Ruways, which were depopulated during the 1948 Arab-Israeli war.

Income.

According to CBS, as of 2000, in the city there were 3,908 salaried workers and 375 are self-employed. The mean monthly wage in 2000 for a salaried worker in the city is ILS 2,887, a real change of -2.2% over the course of 2000. Salaried males have a mean monthly wage of ILS 3,358 (no real change) versus ILS 1,977 for females (a real change of -7.6%). The mean income for the self-employed is 4,763. There are 445 people who receive unemployment benefits and 5,290 people who receive an income guarantee.

Education.

According to CBS, there are 13 schools and 5,779 students in the city. They are spread out as 9 elementary schools and 4000 elementary school students, and 3 high schools and 2,324 high school students. 54.6% of 12th grade students were entitled to a matriculation certificate in 2001.  During the late 1990s sociologist As'ad Ghanem set up an NGO in Tamra. It was called "Ibn Khaldun" and campaigned for more Arab history to be taught in Israeli schools.

Sports.

The current football teams in the city are Maccabi Tamra and F.C. Tzeirei Tamra, both play in Liga Gimel, the fifth tier of Israeli football. Maccabi Tamra and Hapoel Bnei Tamra (which is now defunct), played in the past in Liga Artzit, having been promoted from Liga Alef in 1988 and 2006 respectively.

Tamra (, or ) is an Arab city in the North District of Israel located in the Lower Galilee north of the city of Shefa-'Amr and approximately east of Acre. In it had a population of.


Life and career.

Takakura was born in Nakama, Fukuoka in 1931. He attended Tochiku High School in nearby Yahata City where he was a member of the boxing team and English society. It was around this time that he gained his streetwise swagger and tough-guy persona watching "yakuza" movies. This subject was covered in one of his most famous movies, "Showa Zankyo-den" ("Remnants of Chivalry in the Showa Era"), in which he played an honorable old-school yakuza among the violent post-war gangs. After graduating from Meiji University in Tokyo, Takakura attended an audition on impulse in 1955 at the Toei Film Company while applying for a managerial position.  Toei found a natural in Takakura as he debuted with "Denko Karate Uchi" ("Lightning Karate Blow") in 1956. In 1959 he married singer Chiemi Eri, but divorced in 1971. His breakout role would be in the 1965 film "Abashiri Prison", and its sequel "Abashiri Bangaichi: Bokyohen" ("Abashiri Prison: Longing for Home", also 1965), in which he played an ex-con antihero. By the time Takakura left Toei in 1976, he had appeared in over 180 films.  He gained international recognition after starring in the 1970 war film "Too Late the Hero" as the cunning Imperial Japanese Major Yamaguchi, the 1974 Sydney Pollack sleeper hit "The Yakuza" with Robert Mitchum, and is probably best known in the West for his role in Ridley Scott's "Black Rain" (1989) where he surprises American cops played by Michael Douglas and Andy García with the line, "I do speak fucking English". He again appeared to Western audiences with the 1992 Fred Schepisi comedy "Mr. Baseball" starring Tom Selleck.  Takakura was one of the few Japanese actors who experienced popularity in China, due to his appearance in Junya Satō's 1976 crime drama "Kimi yo Fundo no Kawa o Watare" (known in some territories as "Manhunt"), the first foreign film shown after the Cultural Revolution.  He appeared in three films since 2000: in May 2001, "Riding Alone for Thousands of Miles", by Chinese director Zhang Yimou, in late December 2005, and Yasuo Furuhata's "Anata e" ("Dearest") in late August 2012, after a six-year hiatus. He died of lymphoma on November 10, 2014. Shintaro Ishihara described him as "the last big star (in Japan)." A huge number of Chinese internet users expressed their sympathies and condolences, including many celebrities in the Chinese movie industry. The spokesman of China's Ministry of Foreign Affairs Hong Lei said that Takakura made significant contributions to the cultural exchange between China and Japan.  A documentary based on Takakura's life entitled "Ken San" premiered at the 2016 Cannes Film Festival and was released in Japanese theaters on August 20, 2016. It was directed by photographer Yuichi Hibi and features interviews with filmmakers and actors such as Martin Scorsese, Paul Schrader, Michael Douglas, John Woo, and Yoji Yamada.

, born, was a Japanese actor and singer who appeared in over 200 films. Affectionately referred to as "Ken-san" by audiences, he was best known for his brooding style and the stoic presence he brought to his roles. He won the Japan Academy Prize for Outstanding Performance by an Actor in a Leading Role four times, more than any other actor. Takakura additionally received the Japanese Medal of Honor with purple ribbon in 1998, the Person of Cultural Merit award in 2006, and the Order of Culture in 2013.


Biography.

Becce was born in Lonigo/Vicenza, Italy. He showed his musical talents early and was named the director of the student musical orchestra at the Padua University when he studied geography. In 1906 he moved to Germany and studied musical composition with Arthur Nikisch and Ferruccio Busoni. In the 1913 silent movie "Richard Wagner", directed by Carl Froelich, Becce played the title role and wrote the accompanying music. He continued to write such music for a series of subsequent movies. A collection of these pieces, the so-called "" was published between 1919 and 1933 by the Verlag Schlesinger'sche Buchhandlung in Berlin.  From 1915 to 1923, Becce was the director of the little orchestra of the Berlin Mozartsaal cinema, located upstairs at the Neues Schauspielhaus in the Nollendorfplatz. After World War I, he was named to direct the music department of the Decla-Bioscop AG and chief director of its movie orchestra, later to become the Universum Film AG (UFA) orchestra. He also worked at major movie theatres as director of the orchestras, among them the Ufa-Pavillon am Nollendorfplatz in 1921, the Tauentzien-Palast from 1923, and the from 1926. In this position he worked with the famous directors of the German silent movie era, namely Fritz Lang, Friedrich Wilhelm Murnau, Georg Wilhelm Pabst, Ernst Lubitsch, Ludwig Berger, Joe May and Berthold Viertel; he arranged and composed music for their movies. In 1920 Becce published the magazine "Film-Ton-Kunst". In 1927 he published, together with Hans Erdmann and Ludwig Brav, the "Allgemeines Handbuch der Filmmusik"; it was based on his "Kinothek", amongst other items, and enabled the pianist of silent movies to accompany movies in the generalized style and motifs of renowned composers.  With the arrival of sound movies Becce worked on musical movies and movies covering opera or operetta themes. He worked with Leni Riefenstahl, Luis Trenker, and Harald Reinl whose mountain films he scored. Becce was very prolific providing music to movies for more than four decades; he commonly mixed his own compositions with creations of other composers.  Becce died in Berlin and is buried in the cemetery of Berlin-Wilmersdorf, Berliner Straße.

List of Kinothek works.

"(by reference number)"

Giuseppe Becce (February 3, 1877 – October 5, 1973) was an Italian-born film score composer who enriched the German cinema.


Motivation.

This reaction is a considerable subject area of research with implications for fuel cell design. Its main utility lies in the removal of carbon monoxide (CO) from the fuel cell's feed gas. CO poisons the catalyst of most low-temperature fuel cells.  Carbon monoxide is often produced as a by-product from steam reforming of hydrocarbons, which produces hydrogen and CO. It is possible to consume most of the CO by reacting it with steam in the water-gas shift reaction:  The water-gas shift reaction can reduce CO to 1% of the feed, with the added benefit of producing more hydrogen, but not eliminate it completely. To be used in a fuel cell, feed gas must have CO below 10 ppm.

Description.

The PROX process allows for the reaction of CO with oxygen, reducing CO concentration from approximately 0.5–1.5% in the feed gas to less than 10 ppm.  Due to the prevalent presence of hydrogen in the feed gas, the competing, undesired combustion of hydrogen will also occur to some degree:  The selectivity of the process is a measure of the quality of the reactor, and is defined as the ratio of consumed carbon monoxide to the total of consumed hydrogen and carbon monoxide.  The disadvantage of this technology is its very strong exothermic nature, coupled with a very narrow optimal operation temperature window, and is best operated between 353 and 450 K, yielding a hydrogen loss of around one percent. Effective cooling is therefore required. In order to minimize steam generation, excessive dilution with nitrogen is used. Additionally the reaction is interrupted with an intermediary cooler before proceeding to a second stage.  In the first reaction an excess of oxygen is provided, at around a factor of two, and about 90% of the CO is transformed. In the second step a substantially higher oxygen excess is used, at approximately a factor of 4, which is then processed with the remaining CO, in order to reduce the CO concentration to less than 10 ppm. To also avoid excess CO-fraction loading, the transient operation of a CO adsorber may be important.  The instrumentation and process control complexity requirements are relatively high. The advantage of this technique over selective methanation is the higher space velocity, which reduces the required reactor size. For the case of strong temperature rises, the feed of air can simply be broken.  The technical origins for CO-PROX lies in the synthesis of ammonia (Haber process). Ammonia synthesis also has a strict requirement of CO-free hydrogen, as CO is a strong catalyst poison for the usual catalysts used in this process.

PROX is an acronym for PReferential OXidation, and refers to the preferential oxidation of a carbon monoxide in a gas mixture by a catalyst. It is intended to remove trace amounts of CO from H/CO/CO mixtures produced by steam reforming and water-gas shift. An ideal PROX catalyst preferentially oxidizes carbon monoxide (CO) using a heterogeneous catalyst placed upon a ceramic support. Catalysts include metals such as platinum, platinum/iron, platinum/ruthenium, gold nanoparticles as well as novel copper oxide/ceramic conglomerate catalysts.


Life and career.

Arnold H. S. Landor was born to Charles Savage Landor in Florence, Italy, where he spent his childhood. The writer Walter Savage Landor was his grandfather.  He left for Paris at age fifteen to study at the Académie Julian directed by Gustave Boulanger and Jules Lefebvre. He then traveled the world, including America, Japan, and Korea, painting many landscapes and portraits. Upon his return to England, he was invited to Balmoral by Queen Victoria to recount his adventures and show his drawings. He later traveled to Nepal and Tibet, telling of his experiences in two books: "In the Forbidden Land" (1898) and "Tibet and Nepal" (1905).  When he learned about the Boxer Rebellion in China he went to Peking (now spelled Beijing) to join the victory parade, afterward writing "China and the Allies" (1901). In 1901 he traveled from Russia to India, riding on horseback through Persia, publishing the account of that journey in the book "Across Coveted Lands" (1902). A journey to the Philippine Islands resulted in another book: "The Gems of the East" (1904).  During the 1900s he visited Abyssinia and painted a portrait of the king Menelik II. Landor's book "Across Widest Africa" was published in 1906. During 1911 and 1912 he made an eventful expedition to the Mato Grosso in Brazil and in 1913 published "Across Unknown South America".  He had an active role in World War 1, designing tanks and airships. Eventually, he retired to write his autobiography in Florence, where he died in 1924.  He is buried in the English Cemetery, Florence.

Arnold Henry Savage Landor (2 June 1865 – 26 December 1924) was an English painter, explorer, writer, and anthropologist. Landor wrote in an often witty style.


Actions.

King Mob appreciated pop culture and distributed its ideas through various posters and through its publication "King Mob Echo", which provoked reaction by celebrating killers like Jack the Ripper, Mary Bell and John Christie. One flyer in particular celebrated Valerie Solanas' 1968 shooting of Andy Warhol and included a hit-list of Yoko Ono, Mick Jagger, Bob Dylan, Richard Hamilton, Mario Amaya (who was also shot by Solanas), David Hockney, Mary Quant, Twiggy, Marianne Faithfull and the "IT" editor Barry Miles.  The King Mob group allegedly planned a series of audacious actions, including blowing up a waterfall in the Lake District, painting the poet Wordsworth's house with the words "Coleridge Lives", and hanging peacocks in Holland Park, London. However, none of the aforementioned plans were executed. An action that was carried out, inspired by the New York-based Black Mask's "mill-in at Macy's", involved King Mob appearing at the Selfridges store in London, with one member, dressed as Father Christmas, attempting to distribute all of the store's toys to children. Police subsequently forced the children to return the toys. This action involved Malcolm McLaren who reputedly applied the group's situationist ideas in the promotion of the Sex Pistols.  King Mob was also responsible for attacks on art galleries and for organising a battle between local skinheads (whom they considered to be "the working class avant-garde") and greasers in central London.

Graffiti.

Graffiti attributed to King Mob was observed in many places particularly in the Notting Hill area, including, ""I don't believe in nothing - I feel like they ought to burn down the world - just let it burn down baby.""  The most celebrated graffiti attributed to King Mob was the slogan which was painted along a half-mile section of the wall beside the tube (railway) commuter route into London between Ladbroke Grove and Westbourne Park tube stations in west London:

References in popular culture.

"King Mob's Ape Mask" can be seen in the background of the comic book "Watchmen", written by Alan Moore. It is in what appears to be a trophy room of the Minutemen, noticeable during the infamous scene where The Comedian tries to rape the original Silk Specter.  A protagonist in the comic book series "The Invisibles" (authored by Grant Morrison) is codenamed "King Mob". The Invisibles is organized anti-hierarchically, and is dedicated to defeating a global conspiracy which deceives and preys upon the world's population. The character "King Mob" describes himself as an anarchist.  Graffiti referencing Grant Morrison's King Mob and The Invisibles appears in season 2 episode 7 of Stranger Things.  King Mob was the name of a punk band of which writer and Neoist anti-artist Stewart Home was once a member.

King Mob was an English radical group based in London during the late 1960s/early 1970s. It was a cultural mutation of the Situationists and the anarchist group UAW/MF. It sought to emphasise the cultural anarchy and disorder being ignored in Britain, with the ultimate aim of promoting proletarian revolution. It derived its name from Christopher Hibbert's 1958 book on the Gordon Riots of June 1780, in which rioters daubed the slogan "His Majesty King Mob" on the walls of Newgate Prison, after gutting the building.


Life.

Antonio Rizzo was the son of Rizzo di ser Giovanni of Osteno. He completed his apprenticeship on the site of the Certosa di Pavia. From 1457, he worked in Venice, in Antonio Bregno's workshop.  Around 1469, Rizzo lived in a house belonging to the Benedictine nunnery of Santa Zaccaria, after his marriage to Maria, the daughter of the administrator of the nunnery. There is also evidence of a son, Simplicio, who was likely the Venetian goldsmith documented as active in Rome in the beginning of the 16th century.  In 1474 and 1478, Rizzo was sent to Scutari as a military engineer. Both times (during the First Venetian-Ottoman war), the Ottoman Turks had besieged the town. He was to improve the fortifications there. He was lauded for "continuously doing his patriotic duty", and received injuries. Although the citadel was lost, Rizzo was awarded a monthly pension of 1 ducat for twenty years for himself and his family.  In 1484, Rizzo was appointed as "proto" or chief architect for the restoration of the Doge's Palace. His successful career came to a sudden end in 1498 when he was found guilty of embezzlement of between 10,000 and 80,000 ducats. He sold his house and fled first to Ancona, then to Foligno, and finally to Cesena, where he is believed to have died shortly thereafter.

Career.

Till the 1960s, the accepted history of Rizzo's early years was that he was the supplier of columns, capitals and bases for the Certosa di Pavia's large cloister, which led to the attribution of the arcades of the cloister to him, and that in the 1460s he had been influenced by Lombard sculpture. This consensus was based on a payment document to "Magistro Ricio de Verona" dated 1465-1467, but was overturned in the 1970s when it was realised that the Ricio was more likely to have been Rizzo's father (though no proof of blood relationship has been found).  Rizzo's premier patron in Venice was the Doge Cristoforo Moro, who commissioned him to create altars for the basilica of San Marco, after which he became "the chosen sculptor and architect of the Venetian Signoria". This suggests that Rizzo already had a considerable reputation by the time he arrived in Venice. It is likely that Gregorio Correr, a Venetian noble, who had been his patron as well as Mantegna's in Verona, had recommended Rizzo to Moro to introduce the new Renaissance style into the basilica.  Influenced by Bregno's gothic sensibility, in around 1464, Rizzo sculpted the figures of the "Annunciation", the "Allegories" and the "Virtues" for the funerary monument of the Doge Francesco Foscari located in the Church of Santa Maria dei Frari.  Towards 1467, Rizzo decorated the portal of the Church of Sant'Elena with a work "Vittore Cappello genuflecting before Saint Helena". While this was attributed by Francesco Sansovino to a "Antonio Dentone", there is an acceptance that Dentone is none other than Rizzo. This work is characterized by a vibrant realism, with Cappello's face a depiction of tense pleading, and his neck distorted and strained. However, Saint Helena's figure, noticeably in different material and style, is attributed to a coworker of Rizzo's rather than to the sculptor.  A budding Renaissance style becomes evident in his statues (such as "Mars") for the crown of the Arco Foscari at the Doge's Palace, which he worked on between the early to mid 1460s.  Rizzo executed a spiral staircase with pulpit decorated with figurative reliefs at the Scuola Grande di San Marco in 1476. Its design was by Gentile Bellini. A fire in 1485 destroyed these works.  Influenced by Antonello da Messina, Rizzo's style evolved to a geometrization of forms and clearer volumes. The statues of "Adam" and "Eve" in the Arco Foscari, and the "Monument to the Doge Tron" are outstanding. Rizzo based his statues on nude models, working in a naturalistic fashion, with neither the muscle-bound Adam nor the broad-hipped Eve subscribing to classical conceptions of human proportions. Rizzo's "Adam" and "Eve" may have influenced Albrecht Dürer, who was present in Venice between 1490-1495. For instance, Dürer's niche motif of Fortuna was inspired by the narrow niches of Venetian funereal monuments, though this derivation has been questioned.  Rizzo's final style is represented by the sculptures in the internal facade of the Doge's Palace. After its damage by fire on 14 September 1483, he redesigned a new east wing on the courtyard, planned a new apartment for the Doge, and executed the "Scala dei Giganti". These stemmed from his appointment as "proto" or chief architect of the Doge's Palace, a full-time job but grossly underpaid, about which he complained bitterly, as he was unable to take on any other commission. These works occupied him between 1484 and 1498.  The Venetian Senate ordered the reconstruction of the Doge's apartment and made the appointment of Rizzo as architect. There is no evidence of any prior architectural work by Rizzo at this point, although his sculptural works were well-known, so it not immediately clear why he was chosen for the prestigious role of "proto", except possibly because of his distinguished exploits at Scutari.  Rizzo's east wing was the first complete element in the Renaissance style at the Doge's Palace. His visually striking "Scala dei Giganti" lead up to a platform, beneath which appear reliefs of "Victories". These have been called the supreme achievements of his latter career, and are remarkable for their mimicry of "sfumato", a painterly technique, as well as the effects of reflected light off the broken surfaces.  It has also been argued that the bronze statues of the Moors of St Mark's Clocktower in the Piazza San Marco, cast in 1497, can be assigned to Rizzo.

Antonio Rizzo (Osteno, c. 1430 – Cesena, c. 1499) was an Italian architect and sculptor, one of the greatest active in Venice in the latter half of the fifteenth century. Among his designs are the "Scala dei Giganti" ("Staircase of the Giants"), the stairs leading to the State Apartments of the Doge's Palace.


Early life.

Oakey was born on 2 October 1955 in Hinckley, Leicestershire. His father worked for the General Post Office and moved jobs regularly: the family moved to Coventry when Oakey was an infant, to Leeds when he was five and to Birmingham when he was nine, attending Catherine-de-Barnes primary school near Solihull, and gaining a scholarship to the independent Solihull School. He settled in Sheffield when he was fourteen. He was educated at King Edward VII School in Sheffield. He left school at 18 without finishing his exams and worked in a number of casual jobs: in a university bookshop, and from 1975 as a porter at Thornbury Annex Hospital in Sheffield. He was married briefly to his girlfriend, whom he met at school, but the marriage did not last long and they were divorced in 1980.

Entry into music.

Oakey's entry into music in 1977 was entirely accidental. He had bought a saxophone but had given up trying to learn how to play it, and had no aspiration to be in a pop group.  In Sheffield in 1977, a school friend of Oakey's, Martyn Ware, along with Ian Craig Marsh and Adi Newton had formed a band called The Future. They were part of an emerging genre of music that used analogue synthesisers instead of traditional instruments, which would later be called synth-pop. Although they had recorded a number of demo tapes, they remained unsigned. Newton left the band after they were turned down by record companies. Ware decided that The Future needed a dedicated lead singer to replace Newton. His first choice, Glenn Gregory, was unavailable. So Ware suggested his old school friend Philip Oakey to Marsh. Although Oakey had no musical experience, he was well known in the Sheffield social scene, principally for his eclectic dress sense and classic motorcycle. Ware went to visit Oakey to ask him to join The Future; finding him away from home, he left a note on Oakey's front door asking him to join. Oakey accepted and joined the band in mid-1977.

Human League career.

In late 1977, The Future changed its name to The Human League—after an element of a The new band played their first live gig at Psalter Lane Arts College in June 1978 (a blue plaque now marks the spot) and signed to Fast Records. The early Human League had a reputation for being arty and had very little commercial success, releasing two singles, "Being Boiled" and "Empire State Human", with lyrics written by Oakey. They would eventually release two albums, "Reproduction" (1979) and "Travelogue" (1980), both recorded at the band's Monumental Pictures studio. "Reproduction" failed to chart, but after an impromptu appearance on "Top of the Pops" in May 1980, "Travelogue" entered the UK Album Chart and peaked at No.16. Despite this, the band still had no hit singles and, dogged by the lack of commercial success, Oakey and Ware's working relationship became increasingly strained. In October 1980, on the eve of a European tour, it reached breaking point and Ware walked out taking Marsh with him. Oakey and director of visuals Adrian Wright were permitted to retain the band name but would be responsible for all band debts and the tour commitment. Ware and Marsh soon recruited Glenn Gregory and became Heaven 17.  Facing financial ruin with the tour promoters threatening to sue him, Oakey had less than a week to put a new band together. In an unplanned move Oakey went to a Sheffield city centre discothèque called The Crazy Daisy (Subsequently, The Geisha Bar, now a row of shops) and recruited two totally unknown teenage girls he saw dancing there: Susan Ann Sulley and Joanne Catherall into the band. As luck would have it, they were already fans of the Human League and recognised Oakey. He now calls this the best decision of his career, as the girls would be critical in the band's further success, and Sulley and Catherall are now Oakey's business partners in the present-day band.  After the tour, the band had their first UK Top 20 hit, "The Sound of the Crowd", in April 1981. Now with the addition of Jo Callis and Ian Burden, the band became a six-piece and went on to release the single "Love Action (I Believe In Love)" which became a Top 3 hit in the UK. This was followed by "Open Your Heart", which became another Top 10 hit. Soon afterwards they released a full album, "Dare", much of it written by Oakey. "Dare" would soon become a number one album in the UK and achieve multi-platinum status. At the end of 1981, the fourth and final single from the album, "Don't You Want Me", gave the band their first number one and went on to sell over 1.5 million in the UK, staying at number one for five weeks. It also topped the chart in the US the following year, selling another million copies there. By the end of 1981/82 Oakey and the Human League would be famous worldwide.  In mid-1981, Oakey and Catherall commenced a long-term relationship that lasted until the end of the decade. Oakey and Catherall split amicably in 1990, remaining friends and colleagues. Contrary to press stories, they never married.  The remainder of the 1980s saw the band's success peak and dip, with the follow-up release of the album "Hysteria" in 1984 underachieving. In 1986, Oakey accepted an offer to work with US producers Jimmy Jam and Terry Lewis which resulted in the release of the album "Crash" and the single "Human" which became another international hit and went to number one in the US. However, by 1987, the band had lost most of its members leaving only Oakey, Sulley and Catherall. In 1989, Oakey persuaded Sheffield City Council to invest a business development loan for the building of Human League Studios in Sheffield, Oakey's dedicated studio for the band and a commercial venture.  The 1990 album "Romantic?" underperformed commercially, peaking at #24 in the UK and in 1992, Virgin Records cancelled the band's recording contract. This had a devastating effect on the band, causing Oakey to seek counselling for depression, and Sulley to have a breakdown. Oakey recalled in 1995: "We watched "Romantic" disappear without a trace. Gone, gone into the past with all you've hoped for. [...] About that time, I think, I had a low-grade nervous breakdown." The emotional problems of the pair nearly caused the band to break up. Thanks mainly to the efforts of Catherall, by 1993 Oakey and Sulley had recovered and the band was back on its feet. They signed to East West Records which resulted in the release of the gold-selling album "Octopus" in 1995 and the hit singles "Tell Me When" and "One Man in My Heart".  Another change of record label saw the release of the critically acclaimed "Secrets" album in 2001. "Secrets" failed to sell because the record label went into receivership, curtailing promotion. After the failure of a project he had put so much work and time into, Oakey lost faith in the record industry and changed the band's focus to more lucrative live work. Between 2002 and the present day, they have toured regularly either on their own or as guests at festivals. They have played at such prestigious events as V Festival, Festival Internacional de Benicàssim and to 18,000 fans at the Hollywood Bowl, Los Angeles in 2006.  In 2011, the band released a new album, "Credo". Though the album was commercially unsuccessful, the band continues to tour regularly.

Solo and collaborative career.

Oakey has worked on his own, and also with other artists and producers. His first collaboration was producing the Spanish-released single "Amor Secreto" by Nick Fury in 1983 for which he also played synthesiser, together with Jo Callis.  His highest profile and most commercially successful collaboration was with producer Giorgio Moroder. In 1984 for the film "Electric Dreams", he and Moroder provided the film theme song, "Together in Electric Dreams". When later released as a single it would go on to become an international hit. The song went on to become a bigger hit than some of Oakey's Human League singles of the same period.  In 1985, Oakey and Moroder released the joint album "Philip Oakey & Giorgio Moroder" which generated two further single releases, "Be My Lover Now" and "Good-Bye Bad Times". Released in both the UK and US, these singles were not as successful as "Together in Electric Dreams" and the Oakey/Moroder partnership effectively ended.  In 1990, Oakey provided guest vocals on "What Comes After Goodbye", the one-off release by the short-lived Sheffield dance band, Respect. In 1991, Oakey was involved with Vic Reeves on the track "Black Night" which is a Deep Purple cover. In 1999, he provided vocals for the single "1st Man in Space" by the Sheffield band All Seeing I. The song was written by Jarvis Cocker. In 2003, he provided vocals for Sheffield band Kings Have Long Arms on the single "Rock and Roll is Dead"; also in 2003 he worked with producer/DJ Alex Gold and they released the trance single "LA Today". In 2008, Oakey worked with Hiem, a band fronted by former All Seeing I lead singer David "Bozz" Boswell, on the song "2 am".  In early 2009, Oakey collaborated with the Pet Shop Boys on their tenth studio album "Yes", supplying vocals for the intended bonus disc song "This Used to Be the Future". Also in 2009, Oakey collaborated with British female synthpop artist Little Boots on her first album, "Hands", recording the duet track "Symmetry".

Fashion style.

Throughout his career and in his personal life, Oakey has been a flamboyant dresser and fashion trend-setter. His outrageous dress sense and original hairstyle would make him an iconic figure of the early 1980s music scene.  Before 1977, during the era of punk rock, Oakey adopted various styles; at one time having a crew cut, he later had collar-length hair and once turned up in a club wearing a household power lead with plug as a necklace. He also often wore bike leathers and rode a classic Norton motorcycle around Sheffield. Ware, who sought commercial success, reasoned that half the battle was won "as Oakey already looked like a pop star".  Soon after The Future transformed into the Human League, Oakey wanted a look that would make him stand out from other lead singers. After spotting a girl on a Sheffield bus with a Veronica Lake hairstyle, Oakey was inspired to adopt a strange lopsided geometric hairstyle, shoulder length on one side and short on the other. Between 1978 and 1979 with his unique hairstyle, he maintained a masculine dress style and at one time wore a full beard.  In 1979, inspired by the 1970s glam rock style of Brian Eno, Oakey began wearing makeup. His style became increasingly more feminine, including the use of bright red lipstick.  By 1981, after the formation of the new Human League, Oakey's trademark style of the early 1980s was complete. As well as full makeup, Oakey had begun wearing androgynous clothing. The addition of teenage school girls Susan Ann Sulley and Joanne Catherall as vocalists to the band in 1980 complemented his look. At times, all three would wear the same eyeliner and lipstick. Oakey and Catherall, who were to enter into a relationship with each other, often looked and dressed almost identically.  The media regularly commented and joked about his style. Oakey pushed his style further and began wearing high-heeled shoes. He already had both his ears pierced and wore dangling women's diamante earrings. Keen to shock, on one of the Human League's posters in 1981 Oakey posed shirtless, displaying pierced nipples linked together by a gold chain. Oakey says of his early-1980s style: "I deliberately wore clothes that either men or women could wear. But I don't think I ever really looked like a woman. And I never wore very masculine clothes".<ref name="The Scotsman 15/11/2008"></ref>  It wasn't just a stage look. Oakey openly went about in public in full makeup, dressed in his eclectic style. "Sheffield was so accepting," he claimed, "that no one ever blinked an eyelid".  By 1983 Oakey wanted to change his androgynous look. He adopted a more macho image of denim, collar-length hair and 'designer stubble'.  For the "Crash" album of 1986, Oakey adopted a smoother style of designer clothes and a manicured look which he says was inspired by Sean Young's character Rachael from the film "Blade Runner".  By 1990, the Human League had begun to decline. For their "Romantic?" album, Oakey wore denim, leather and readopted his lop-sided hairstyle from 1981 in a rebellion against ""the male model look of Crash"". The band went through dark times and the style was quickly abandoned.  When the band returned in a comeback in 1995, the 40-year-old Oakey reappeared with designer clothes and a suave, short, neat hair cut.  In 1999, after beginning to develop male pattern baldness, Oakey adopted an all-over 'number two' crop hairstyle. This is the style he wears today.  Oakey now generally wears a simple Armani suit on stage. He has a prince albert piercing, stating in 2007, "Yes, I have a Prince Albert ring. I had it done about six years ago. It didn't hurt too much... when I pierced my ear it hurt more!"

External links.

Oakey deliberately does not have an official website, not wanting to do what others do, and apparently believing it is expensive to have one.

Philip Oakey (born 2 October 1955) is an English singer, songwriter and record producer. He is best known as the lead singer, songwriter, and co-founder of English synth-pop band The Human League. Aside from The Human League, he has had an extensive solo music career and collaborated with numerous other artists and producers.


History.

Jack Wolfskin was founded as a trademark of the company Sine in Frankfurt am Main by Ulrich Dausien in 1981. With proceeding success Jack Wolfskin was incorporated separately from Sine. In 1991, the company was sold to Johnson Outdoors. Jack Wolfskin had supplied only specialist shops until the first own shop was opened in Heidelberg in 1993. Up to now there are more than 600 Jack Wolfskin-Stores worldwide (mid-2012). Almost all of them are organized in a franchise system.  In 2002, the private equity corporation Bain Capital acquired Jack Wolfskin from Johnson Outdoors for 42 million Euro. In 2005, Bain Capital sold Jack Wolfskin for 93 million Euro to the two finance investors Quadriga Capital and Barclays Private Equity. In 2011, these owners sold the company to the US holding company Blackstone Group. Blackstone is expected to help Jack Wolfskin to grow further on an international level. Simultaneously the former CEO and co-owner Manfred Hell left the company with immediate effect, after 25 years on the top of the company.  In November 2014, Melody Harris-Jensbach was selected as CEO of the company.  July 6, 2017 Outdoor clothing brand Jack Wolfskin has successfully completed a financial restructuring with its main creditors and reduced its debt by 225 million euros ($256m), it announced on Thursday. The move has brought down its debt from 365 million euros to 110 million euros, with terms extended until 2022. Additionally, the clothing firm will receive a new temporary loan of 25 million euros ($28m) from current senior creditors, who will become new shareholders of the company as a result of the restructuring process. Jack Wolfskin’s new owners will hold their stake via a Luxemburg-based holding company. These include Bain Capital Credit, HIG / Bayside Capital and CQS, who now own more than 50% of the brand.  Reports announced in April that private equity firm Blackstone had handed over control of the German company to a group of its lenders in a debt for equity swap.  On 30 November 2018, Jack Wolfskin announced they were to be purchased by Callaway Golf Company. On 4 January 2019, Callaway completed the acquisition of Jack Wolfskin for €418 million.

Corporate responsibility.

Since July 2010 Jack Wolfskin has been a member of the Fair Wear Foundation, a multi-stakeholder initiative working to improve workplace conditions in the garment and textile industry. In July 2007, Jack Wolfskin became patron of the I.C.E. Youth Camp a UNEP-initiative which has the aim to train young persons an environmentally awareness and a thrifty use of resources in cooperation with Arved Fuchs.  Even since 2008 an extensive supplier monitoring was established at Jack Wolfskin and in 2009 Jack Wolfskin announced that a membership in a multi-stakeholder initiative will be checked. When the Clean Clothes Campaign distributed questionnaires about working and production conditions to several outdoor producers in 2009 and 2010, Jack Wolfskin decided to become a member of the FWF as there were many similarities to the own established social audit system. Together with Wolfgang Niedecken and World Vision Germany the project "Rebound" was initiated in 2008. The aim of the project is to improve life conditions of former child soldiers in Uganda and to reintegrate them into society. In 2010, the Swiss NGO Erklärung von Bern compared working condition standards in countries of production of 77 fashion brands. Jack Wolfskin was graded into the second best category of five categories.

Litigation.

Jack Wolfskin has a history of aggressive legal action related to their paw print logo. In 2002 they succeeded in prohibiting the "taz" newspaper from using a paw print design on merchandise designed for outdoor use on the grounds that the taz logo designed in 1978 was not registered as a trademark, whereas the Jack Wolfskin logo was registered in 1982. This led to many people boycotting their products.  In October 2009 Jack Wolfskin's lawyers sent demands for damage payments to handicraft hobbyists who had used paw designs in their creations, irrespective of whether the paw design was of wolf, cat or other animal. This prompted a backlash in online forums for handicrafts and bloggers documenting corporate behaviour, outraged at the bullying tactics used by a large firm against individual hobbyists with barely measurable income through clothing and no intention to mimic Jack Wolfskin goods. The protest reached national news media in Germany. A blunt refusal to back down by Jack Wolfskin led to calls to boycott their products in several online communities in Germany and abroad. As the impact of the negative publicity became apparent Jack Wolfskin later issued a press release to indicate they would in future open dialog directly with people it suspected of breaching its copyright, rather than sending damage payment demands as the first contact.  In November 2009 Jack Wolfskin threatened the Dutch company Bearwear, a clothing supplier to the gay bear scene, with legal action causing it to suspend its European web shop and generating ill-feelings to Wolfskin with its customers. This was eventually resolved, allowing Bearwear to continue trading with its logo that incorporates a bear paw print.  On 19 December 2011 the Civic Association Dog Soul from Slovak Republic (a non-profit organization) received an e-mail with a copy of a letter from an attorney and patent office representing the JACK WOLFSKIN Ausrüstung für Draussen GmbH & Co. KGaA company. Simultaneously - without any valid court decision - they directly accused them of violating trademark property rights.

Sponsorship.

In August 2010 Jack Wolfskin signed a 3-year deal to sponsor the English football club Liverpool FC, in a chance to increase its exposure in the UK. In April 2013 Liverpool FC and Jack Wolfskin announced a 3-year extension of their current partnership deal.

Jack Wolfskin is a major German producer of outdoor wear and equipment headquartered in Idstein. It was founded in 1981 and is now one of the biggest suppliers of outdoor products and at the same time most successful franchiser in the German specialist trade market of sports equipment. Their products include mountain and leisure clothing, footwear, rucksacks, sleeping bags, and tents. The brand is popular not only among hikers and mountaineers but predominantly worn in everyday situations; Jack Wolfskin clothes and accessories are fashionable amongst urban Germans Wilderness chic.


History.

Wooster was established in 1808 by John Bever, William Henry, and Joseph Larwill and named after David Wooster, a general in the American Revolutionary War.

Geography.

According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of, of which, is land and is water.

Geology.

The local bedrock consists of the Cuyahoga Formation (shale) and the overlying Logan Formation (sandstone and conglomerate), both Lower Carboniferous and rich in fossils.

Demographics.

In 2011, 93.3% spoke English, 2.4% Spanish, and 1.3% German.

2010 census.

As of the census of 2010, there were 26,119 people, 10,733 households, and 6,244 families residing in the city. The population density was. There were 11,822 housing units at an average density of. The racial makeup of the city was 91.2% White, 3.6% African American, 0.3% Native American, 1.9% Asian, 0.7% from other races, and 2.4% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 2.2% of the population.  There were 10,733 households of which 26.5% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 43.1% were married couples living together, 11.3% had a female householder with no husband present, 3.8% had a male householder with no wife present, and 41.8% were non-families. 35.4% of all households were made up of individuals and 14.2% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.21 and the average family size was 2.86.  The median age in the city was 37.3 years. 20.4% of residents were under the age of 18; 14.8% were between the ages of 18 and 24; 23.1% were from 25 to 44; 25.1% were from 45 to 64; and 16.6% were 65 years of age or older. The gender makeup of the city was 47.6% male and 52.4% female.

2000 census.

As of the census of 2000, there were 24,811 people, 10,040 households, and 6,174 families residing in the city. The population density was 1,726.1 people per square mile (666.6/km2). There were 10,674 housing units at an average density of 742.6 per square mile (286.8/km2). The racial makeup of the city was 92.59% White, 3.82% African American, 0.26% Native American, 1.54% Asian, 0.01% Pacific Islander, 0.36% from other races, and 1.42% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 1.07% of the population.  There were 10,040 households out of which 28.4% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 46.9% were married couples living together, 11.2% had a female householder with no husband present, and 38.5% were non-families. 32.4% of all households were made up of individuals and 11.7% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.28 and the average family size was 2.88.  In the city, the population was spread out with 22.0% under the age of 18, 14.9% from 18 to 24, 25.9% from 25 to 44, 22.4% from 45 to 64, and 14.8% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 36 years. For every 100 females, there were 91.3 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 88.3 males.  The median income for a household in the city was $37,400, and the median income for a family was $47,118. Males had a median income of $34,021 versus $23,608 for females. The per capita income for the city was $21,505. About 7.8% of families and 10.4% of the population were below the poverty line, including 14.5% of those under age 18 and 8.0% of those age 65 or over.

Economy.

Wooster is the headquarters of several industrial entities. Buehler Food Markets Inc., Wooster Brush, Seaman Corp., Tricor Industrial, Wooster Motor Ways, and Certified Angus Beef have corporate headquarters located in Wooster. Rubbermaid made its corporate headquarters in Wooster until the end of 2003. LuK, the German maker of dual-clutch transmissions has its North America headquarters in Wooster where mainly torque converters are produced. Other large commercial operations in Wooster are Frito-Lay, Akron Brass, United Titanium, Western Reserve Group Insurance Company, Daisy Brands, and Bogner Construction Company.  Wooster is also the world headquarters of the Prentke Romich Company (PRC) which is a member of a consortium of companies that produce assistive technology and augmentative communication devices.  For its size, Wooster is also dedicated to the "industry of education." It has The College of Wooster, and two subsidiaries of The Ohio State University: the Agricultural Technical Institute (ATI); and the Ohio Agricultural Research and Development Center (OARDC), a teaching and research facility dedicated to agricultural science.  In addition to these industries, Wooster remains an agricultural center for Ohio. The OARDC enriches the local farms with knowledge and expertise, which is proudly displayed at the annual Wayne County Fair, held each September (see also Fair). Students in Wooster and surrounding rural communities continue to enroll in youth farming programs such as 4-H and National FFA Organization. Many Amish farmers come to Wooster by horse-and-buggy for commerce as well.  In June 2013, the city of Wooster announced that Daisy Brand, a sour cream producer, plans to open a new Midwest manufacturing plant in Wooster. Daisy Brand promised to create at least 89 full-time positions and is slated to begin production sometime in 2016.  The overlap of strong education and advanced manufacturing has led to number of small innovative firms being founded in Wooster in recent years including Quasar Energy Group, ExpenseWire, ABSMaterials, 3i-ingredients, and Cureo.  Wooster also has a local food community including Local Roots, a collective year round farmer's market for locally produced goods. At present, there are over 150 local farmers and producers. Local Roots has garnered national attention for its innovative efforts.  The Wayne County Airport (BJJ) serves as an air access point for many of the businesses throughout the city.

Arts and culture.

The arts.

Wooster, and the greater Wayne County community, is served by the Wayne Center for the Arts, which displays artwork by local artists, offers instructional courses, and stages performances.  The College of Wooster is home to the Ohio Light Opera, a professional opera company that performs the light opera repertory, including Gilbert and Sullivan, and American, British, and continental operettas of the late 19th and early 20th centuries.

Music.

The Wooster Symphony Orchestra, founded in 1915, is a joint venture between the Wooster community and the College of Wooster. The Symphony is the second oldest continually performing in the state.

Sports.

For the 2007–2008 season, Wooster was granted a team in the Mid-Atlantic Hockey League called the Wooster Warriors. The MAHL suspended operations of February 2008, and the Warriors subsequently relocated to Trenton, Michigan.  Wooster was the home to the Wooster Korn Kings, which was a minor league professional ice hockey team that was a member of the All American Hockey League. The team's home arena was Alice Noble Ice Arena.  The Wooster Oilers began playing at the Alice Noble Ice Arena in 2006. The team competes in the North American 3 Hockey League, and won the 2009–2010 championship. The team moves players to higher levels of junior or college hockey.

Parks and recreation.

Wooster Memorial Park, locally known as Spangler Park, contains of hiking trails through woods, ravines, and open fields along the Rathburn Run. Christmas Run Park has playgrounds, pavilions, and a picnic area. Schellin Park has a skate park, playground and picnic facilities. Oak Hill Park has pavilions and walking trails. Freedlander park has the pool, basketball courts, pavilions, and a pond as well.  Acres of Fun is a local entertainment complex which offers family activities like go-karting and laser tag. The College of Wooster has a golf course, bowling alley, and multipurpose athletic facility open to the public. Also located in the city is Wooster Skateland, an indoor ice skating and hockey facility open year-round.

Government.

Mayor and council.

The city is governed by an elected mayor. On January 1, 2008, former Councilman Bob Breneman (R) was sworn in as Mayor.  There is a seven-member City Council: Mark Cavin (D-1st Ward), Jennifer Warden (D-2nd Ward), David Silvestri (R-3rd Ward), Scott Myers (I-4th Ward), and at-large members Bill Bostansic (D), Jon Ansel (R) and Craig Sanders (R). Meetings are presided over by Mike Buytendyk (R) the City Council president who is elected at-large and only votes to break a tie. Jon Ansel is the council president pro tempore.

Elected representatives.

As of 2019, the city is represented in the Ohio House of Representatives by Scott Wiggam (R); in the Ohio Senate by Kristina Roegner (R); in the U.S. House of Representatives by Anthony Gonzalez (R), and in the U.S Senate by Sherrod Brown (D) and Rob Portman (R).

Media.

Newspapers.

The city has a daily newspaper, "The Daily Record", previously published by Dix Communications/Wooster Republican Printing Co. Currently published by Gatehouse Media, and a weekly paper, "The Wooster Weekly News", published by Graphic Publications Inc. In addition, the "Akron Beacon Journal" occasionally covers the city and Wayne County.

Magazines.

The city has a locally owned interactive city magazine, "WoosterGrapevine.com". It includes local news, events, classifieds, arcades, photos, videos, and other local information.

Notable people.

The following individuals were born in, raised in, lived in, or currently live in Wooster.

Sister cities.

The town of Collepietro in the Province of L'Aquila in the Abruzzi region of Italy, is officially recognized as a Sister City of Wooster.

Wooster ( ) is a city in the U.S. state of Ohio and the county seat of Wayne County. The municipality is located in northeastern Ohio approximately SSW of Cleveland, SW of Akron and W of Canton. The population was 24,811 at the 2000 census and 26,119 at the 2010 Census. The city is the largest in Wayne County, and the center of the Wooster Micropolitan Statistical Area (as defined by the United States Census Bureau). Wooster has the main branch and administrative offices of the Wayne County Public Library.