Club career.

Early career.

Born in Tegucigalpa, Distrito Central, Francisco Morazán, Alexander joined Olimpia's youth system at the age of 7. He remained in Olimpia's youth ranks until 2010, where he was finally able to make the breakthrough into the first team.

Olimpia.

2010–2011.

On 8 August 2010, López made his domestic league debut against Hispano coming in for Bani Lozano in the 70th minute, where he scored his second goal of the match to help seal a 2–0 victory, scoring his first goal for the club. On 17 August 2010, he made his debut in the 2010–11 CONCACAF Champions League coming in for Bani Lozano in the 64th minute against Puerto Rico Islanders in a 1–1 draw. He impressed heavily for Olimpia in his first season, aged 19, where he provided 7 league goals in 22 matches for the club, as well as providing 12 assists in the league. To add to this, the impressive López provided a further three assists in the 2010–11 CONCACAF Champions League, ending his debut season with a total of 8 goals and 15 assists.

2011–2012.

At the start of the 2011–12 season, López continued his good run of form with Olimpia, providing 2 goals and 3 assists in the opening 6 matches of the season, along with a goal and 2 assists in the 2011–12 CONCACAF Champions League, before a cruciate ligament injury effectively ended his season for Olimpia.

2012–2013.

Following the 2012 Summer Olympics, López was continuously linked with a move to Europe, with Rosenborg and Wigan Athletic being alleged suitors for the young playmaker. However, these transfer links came to nothing, and López remained at Olimpia for the following 2012–13 season. He continued the scintillating form that brought him to prominence in his inaugural season, netting 6 goals in the opening 12 matches of the season and providing 9 assists from the apex of Olimpia's midfield three. Speculation continued to surround López in the January transfer window, however this time not from Europe but America. López claimed to have received an offer from Houston Dynamo, an offer confirmed by his international teammate Oscar Boniek Garcia who claimed that Houston were tracking López as well as attracting interest from both Toronto FC and the San Jose Earthquakes, however, contrary to some reports in Honduran media, López did not make the move to the MLS, instead choosing to stay with Olimpia, where he finished his season with 12 goals and 21 assists in 26 matches.

Houston Dynamo.

2013.

Alexander López signed for Houston Dynamo on 6 August 2013, on a four-year deal worth $213,000 a year, and was unveiled with the iconic number 10 shirt. López made his debut against Montreal Impact on 24 August, playing 60 minutes of the match. Despite impressing fans with demonstrations of his individual skill – most notably his 30-yard rabona chip for Jason Johnson on his first start against the New York Red Bulls – López was unable to hold down a place in the Dynamo side for the remainder of the 2013 season, as issues with homesickness and fitness prevented Dominic Kinnear from giving the Honduran an extended run in the side. He finished the season with 2 appearances, and providing 1 assist, playing no part in Dynamo's performance in the 2013 Eastern Conference finals.

2014–2015.

López started pre-season for Dynamo by undertaking an intensive training programme – suggested by Dominic Kinnear – to build up his levels of fitness, and to strengthen his defensive capabilities. Kinnear was keen to emphasise the importance of Dynamo's so-called "two-way system" of attack and defence, and stressed that López needed to cultivate his defensive abilities in order to carve a place out in the starting XI. López made his first appearance of the 2014 season on 3 May 2014 as a substitute against Chivas USA, and made a further appearance against D.C. United on the 21 May, suggesting a steady emergence back into the side.

International career.

On 18 November 2008, he debuted for Honduras, playing the 2009 CONCACAF U-17 Championship qualification match against Belize where he scored his first goal in the 53rd minute. In 2009, he was included by Emilio Umanzor in Honduras's 21-man squad for the 2009 FIFA U-17 World Cup.  López made his senior debut for Honduras in an October 2010 friendly match against Guatemala and has, as of January 2013, earned a total of 3 caps, scoring no goals. He has represented his country at the 2012 Summer Olympics and played at the 2011 UNCAF Nations Cup.

International goals.

Under–17.

"Scores and results list Honduras's goal tally first."

Alexander Agustín "Alex" López Rodríguez (born 5 June 1992 in Tegucigalpa, Honduras) is a Honduran footballer who currently plays as an attacking midfielder for Alajuelense and the Honduran national team.


Resume.

License and Master of History (writing a thesis about « French Voyageurs in Rome in 18th and 19th Centuries)  License of French Literature and History of Art  1969: Journalist in political and economical famous French magazines (Entreprise (Enterprise), Le Nouvel Économiste (The New Economist)  1976: publishing his first book (Editions du Seuil) Le Patronat francais (The French Employers)  1977: expatriated in United States for 6 months, invited by The Eisenhower Foundation (main office in Philadelphia) to conduct a study about the American Employers. He comes back with another book (PUF Editions) Le Patronat américain.  Publishing several books about political, economical and social matters.  1979: Journalist for French TV channel TF1, in the economical serie called L'enjeu (The stake)  1979 Reporter at large for famous French daily newspaper Le Figaro  2005: Retiring from his journalist career.  2010 Visiting Professor at Shenyang University (Liaoning)  Bernard Brizay discovered China on his first visit in August 1979. Incredibly passionate for China and Chinese people since then, he returns frequently to China (20 travels up to July 2014)  October 2000: when visiting the ruins of Yuanming Yuan palace (ancient Summer Palace in Beijing) he immediately felt he should write an historical book about this unprecedented tragedy.

Publications.

2003: Le Sac du palais d'Été, seconde guerre de l'Opium (Editions du Rocher) – The Looting of Summer Palace, Second Opium War - translated and published in China in 2005 by The classical Editions of Zhejiang (Zhejiang Gu Ji Chu Ban She) and published between the France-China Cross-Cultural Years, thanks to the Translation Fu Lei program with the help of French Ministry of Foreign Affairs. This book was rewarded in 2007 with the Wenjin Price (Bridge of Culture) granted by the National Library of China, selected among 40 books chosen by 120 million internet users. The book has been published several times, last publishing in 2011. Will be soon translated in English.  2007: Les Trois soeurs Soong. Une dynastie chinoise du XXe siècle (Editions du Rocher) – The Three Soong Sisters. A Chinese Dynasty in 20th Century.  2008: Le Roman de Pékin. (Editions du Rocher) – Beijing Novel.  2010: Shanghai, le Paris de l'Orient. (Editions Flammarion-Pygmalion). Rewarded with French Auguste Pavie Price, granted by the French Academy of Sciences of Overseas Territories. The book is also translated in Chinese.  2013: La France en Chine, du XVIIe siècle à nos jours (Editions Perrin), will be translated in Chinese at the occasion of the 50th anniversary of acknowledgment of People's Republic of China, under Mao Zedong leadership by general de Gaulle in 1964. The book will be presented at the Shanghai Book Fair in August 2014.

Notes and references.

In French

Bernard Brizay, born in Rouen (department of Seine Maritime in France) in August 1941, has studied History, teaching History of Art, before he became a journalist (reporter at large)


Life and work.

Alviani was born in Udine, where he showed talent for design and geometric drawing from his childhood. He enrolled in the Venice Art School, but soon showed little interest in his studies, spending afternoons in Venice's museums in contemplation of classical masterpieces. He also started doing small jobs for local architects, and helped local artists in inking projects such as etchings.  His first series was "The Wires", inspired by aerial electric wires. Fascinated by some polished aluminium surfaces found in a factory in which he was working: after further polishing and abrasion, he created his landmark "Superfici a testura vibratile" (vibrating texture surfaces), winning international acclaim. In 1961 he was invited to the Zagreb exhibition "Nove Tendencije", together with other artists working along similar lines and exploring the opportunities of a dynamic art which interacts with the viewer. He started exchanging ideas with artists like Julio Le Parc, François Morellet and Enrico Castellani, actively participating in the activities of the so-called G.R.A.V. (Groupe de Recherche d'Art Visuelle) in Paris.  In 1962 he moved to Milan, where he became friends with Piero Manzoni and Lucio Fontana, who was very interested in his works and bought some of his "surfaces". He also worked with other famous artists like Max Bill, Bruno Munari and Josef Albers. In 1964 he was invited to show at the Venice Biennale, successfully sharing a room with Enrico Castellani.  In 1965 Alviani took part in "The Responsive Eye" at MoMA in New York, together with other artists associated with Kinetic and Programmed Art. His work was purchased by MoMA and used as a poster image for the museum's next exhibition, "The New Acquisitions". In 1968 he was invited at Kassel's Documenta 4.  Throughout the 1970s he travelled to South America, and accepted, upon request of Jesús Rafael Soto, the directorship of the Jesús Soto Museum of Modern Art, Ciudad Bolívar, Venezuela. His work was again included in the Venice Biennale in 1984, 1986 and 1993. He also exhibited at the Milan Triennale, the Kunsthaus Graz, Palazzo delle Papesse in Siena, Academie de France in Rome, the Buenos Aires Biennale, the travelling exhibition "Light, Movement and Programming", and the Rome Quadriennale.  Alviani's works are actively traded in Italian and international modern art auctions, such as the "Italian sales" held in London by Christie's and Sotheby's. Among his works, the most appreciated by the market are the "Superfici a testura variabile" where the polished aluminium reflects the light in different hues according to the angle at which they are viewed. Other works by Alviani are the "chromodynamic surfaces", where primary colour interactions are studied, and his "mirrors" with their illusion of rings created on reflecting metal surfaces.  Alviani was the author of a book on Josef Albers (1988). He also edited with Giancarlo Pauletto a book on Michel Seuphor (1987), and contributed with his photographs to a book of Pauletto and Margaret A. Miller on Richard Anuszkiewicz (1988).

Getulio Alviani (5 September 1939 in Udine – 24 February 2018 in Milan) was an Italian painter based in Milan. He is considered to be an important International Optical - kinetic artist.


Futurism.

After training at the Florence Accademia, Soffici moved to Paris in 1900; during this time, his circle of friends included Guillaume Apollinaire, André Derain and Picasso. After returning to Italy, he started to write art criticism for the Italian journal "La Voce". In 1911, he wrote a negative review of a Milanese Futurist exhibition, which led to him being assaulted by the Italian futurists Marinetti, Boccioni and Carrà at the Le Giubbe Rosse café in Florence.  Soffici made his peace with the group, and exhibited works in the travelling Futurist exhibition held between 1912 and 1913 in Paris, Brussels, London, Berlin and Florence. "BÏF§ZF+18" marks the highpoint of his involvement with the group; by 1916 he had begun to distance himself from the group, seeing 'Futurism as a once legitimate movement that had become a spent force '. After returning from active service in World War I, his work re-engaged with Tuscan traditionalism - in part due to his support for fascist ideology - and naturalistic landscapes became the mainstay of his art until his death in 1965.

The book.

The book is divided into two roughly equal halves; the first, "Simultaneita", contains 12'simultaneous' poems laid out in standard typography; the second section, "Chimismi Lirici", contains 10 poems that use multiple fonts, signs, adverts, brand names, repetition and onomatopoeiac devices that are contemporaneous to Marinetti's similar experiments in Zang Tumb Tumb, and prefigure Marinetti's later, more abstract "Les Mots En Liberte Futuristes", 1919. (see )

Taken from "Aeroplano".

I would squeeze the joystick with a fist of air. I hit the throttle with shoe to the sky; Frrrrrr frrrrrr frrrrrr, drowned in the deep turquoise. I eat violet blue, Slices of azure; I swallow tankards of cobalt blue, Heavens of lapis lazuli, Heavenly blue, light blue, celestial, Prussian blue, dark heavenly, heavenly lumière; I sink into a funnel of paradise. Christ the aviator! I was made for this ascension to glorious poetic-military-sport Rectangular angels of canvas and steel. The black cube is the thought of return, that gate with my language turned on with the look of joy As the white dial of the altimeter turns.  Translated from the Italian.

Later editions.

The book has been reprinted a number of times - although usually without the striking collaged cover designed by Soffici himself - firstly in 1919, and most recently by Vallecchi in 2002. The work has never been published in its entirety in translation.

BÏF§ZF+18 Simultaneità e Chimismi lirici ("BÏF§ZF+18. Simultaneity and Lyrical Chemistry") is a poetry book and artist's book published in 1915 by the Italian futurist Ardengo Soffici. Despite its rarity, the book has become famous as one of the finest examples of futurist 'words-in-freedom', and has been described as 'absolutely the most important book that came out of Florentine Futurism'.


Content.

In a 2002 performance on "VH1 Storytellers", Rzeznik explained that the song refers to a teenage girl in a strict Catholic environment who has become pregnant. She and her boyfriend are debating as to the possibility of abortion or marriage, which is presented in the song as the verse "do you want to get married or run away".

Chart performance.

Although not as successful as "Iris", "Slide" became another major hit for the Goo Goo Dolls. The song peaked atop three US "Billboard" charts: the Adult Top 40 chart, the Modern Rock Tracks chart, and the Mainstream Top 40 chart. On the all-genre "Billboard" Hot 100, the song peaked at number eight in February 1999 and became the United States' thirteenth best-selling song of 1999. In October 2012, "Slide" was ranked number nine on "Billboard"s "Top 100 Pop Songs 1992–2012" chart, which also featured two other Goo Goo Dolls hits: "Iris" (number one) and "Name" (number 24). The Goo Goo Dolls are the only musicians to have three songs chart on the list, two breaking the top 10 and all three falling within the top 25. They are also the only musicians that have back to back singles ("Iris" and "Slide") featured on the list.  In Canada, the song accomplished a rare feat by debuting at number one on the "RPM" Top Singles chart, on October 19, 1998. Not counting the number-one song on the magazine's first issue, it became only the third (and final) song to debut at number one on this chart, after Band Aid's "Do They Know It's Christmas?" in 1985 and Tom Cochrane's "I Wish You Well" in 1995. After its debut, "Slide" spent a second week at number one, then dropped to number four on November 2. It spent a total of 26 weeks in the top 20 and remained in the top 100 until the end of 1999. The song also reached number 22 on the "RPM" Adult Contemporary chart and number five on the Alternative 30 chart. It was the eighteenth highest-selling single of Canada for 1999.  Outside North America, "Slide" underperformed in most countries. It debuted at number 45 on the Australian Singles Chart on January 17, 1999, then slowly climbed up the chart until reaching its peak of number 29 on March 7. Afterwards, it dropped out of the top 30 and left the chart five weeks after peaking. Despite its low peak, it managed to earn a Gold certification for sales exceeding 35,000 copies. In neighboring New Zealand, the single first appeared at number 41 on February 21 and peaked at number 36 the following week, then spent three more weeks in the top 50. On the UK Singles Chart, "Slide" debuted and peaked at number 43 on March 27, but spent only one more week on the chart before dropping out of the top 100. On the UK Indie Chart, which ranks songs released by independent record labels, it reached number eight. It found its highest European peak in Iceland, where it charted at number 14 for two weeks.

Music video.

The music video was directed by Nancy Bardawil and partially filmed at the El Dorado Hotel on South Spring Street, Los Angeles.

Track listing.

United Kingdom

"Slide" is a song recorded by American alternative rock group Goo Goo Dolls. It was released in September 1998 as the first commercial single release from their sixth studio album, "Dizzy Up the Girl".


Profile.

In "Nosferatu", Count Orlok is a vampire from Transylvania, and is known as "The Bird of Death", who feasts upon the blood of living humans. He is believed to have been created by Belial, the lieutenant demon of Satan.  Orlok dwells alone in a vast castle hidden among the rugged peaks in a lost corner of the Carpathian Mountains. The castle is swathed in shadows, and is badly neglected with a highly sinister feel to it. He is in league with the housing agent Knock, and wants to purchase a house in the (fictional) city of Wisborg, Germany. Local peasants live in terror of Orlok and never venture out after dark. Thomas Hutter scorns their fears as mere superstition, and ventures to the decrepit castle; however, the coach-driver will not take him over the bridge leading to it. A black-swathed figure in a black coach (Orlok in disguise) drives him the rest of the way. He is greeted by Orlok, who claims that as it is past midnight all his servants have gone to bed, and the two dine together and discuss Orlok's purchasing of the aforementioned house. Hutter accidentally cuts his thumb when slicing bread and Orlok is barely able to control himself from drinking from Hutter's wound. After Hutter collapses in a chair, Orlok feeds off of him, but this is not shown on screen: Hutter discovers two bites on his neck the next day but attributes them to mosquitoes, unaware at this point that his host is in reality, a vampire.  Hutter only realises the horrific truth later in his chambers after further reading from "The Book of the Vampires", and he discovers that he is trapped in the castle with the Nosferatu. Orlok advances upon Hutter, and Hutter's beloved wife, Ellen, senses through telepathy that her husband's life is in mortal danger; she screams for him and somehow Orlok is powerless to touch him. The next morning Hutter searches the castle, and discovers to his revulsion that Orlok is "sleeping" in the basement in a filthy coffin filled with earth. Hutter then witnesses Orlok loading a cart with several coffins filled with soil, one of which he then hides in and they are driven off to be loaded onto a ship headed for Wisborg. This soil is later revealed to be unhallowed earth from Orlok's own grave; according to "The Book of the Vampires", Nosferatu must sleep by day in the unholy earth from their graves to sustain their power.  On board the ship, he kills every crew member until only the captain and his first mate remain. Later when the first mate goes to the cargo hold to investigate, Count Orlok rises from his coffin, terrifying the first mate who jumps overboard in fear. The captain ties himself to the wheel of the ship and then Count Orlok creeps up on him and kills the captain. His journey by sea spreads plague throughout Europe.  Upon his arrival in Wisborg, Orlok infests the city with rats that sleep in his coffins, and countless people fall victim to the plague, forcing the local authorities to declare a quarantine and provoking hysteria among the citizens. Rather than come back as vampires, however, his victims simply die. Ellen and Hutter know the causes of the plague but fear they are powerless to stop the vampire. Ellen watches sullenly as lines of coffins are carried through the empty streets, and she realises Orlok must be stopped. Ellen learns from "The Book of the Vampires" that – rather than a stake through the heart – the Nosferatu can only be vanquished if a woman pure in heart willingly allows him to feed off her long enough to prevent him from seeking shelter from sunrise. Ellen coaxes Orlok to her room and lies in bed whilst he drinks from her neck. The sun rises, and Orlok is burned away in a cloud of smoke. Knock is able to sense Orlok is dead. Ellen dies soon after.

Origin.

After Prana Film's negotiations with the Stoker story's rightsholders failed, the screenwriter Galeen had to disguise (but the maneuvre proved to be ineffective, as the company was sued for plagiarism) most references of the original novel, changing all the character's names, and the film's title to "Nosferatu". A suggested origin: an alteration of "ordog" (correctly "ördög", Hungarian for "devil") a recurring expression in Stoker's novel. Another influence could be Stéphen Orlac, the protagonist of the horror novel "Les Mains d'Orlac" ("The Hands of Orlac", 1920), by Maurice Renard.

Legacy.

Orlok is the main model for a style of fictional vampire that is often nicknamed "Nosferatu" after the movie. Although based upon Count Dracula, Orlok possesses none of his predecessor's aristocratic charm or seductiveness. He resembles historical folklore accounts of vampires, which were described as walking corpses inhabited by a demonic presence. He sleeps in "unhallowed" soil infected with the Black Death, and brings plague and disease with him. He is followed everywhere by rats, traditional carriers of the feared Black Death. Orlok is famous for being the first vampire in history to be destroyed by sunlight. In earlier folklore, vampires were disgusted by, but could survive sunlight.

Count Orlok () is the main antagonist and title character portrayed by German actor Max Schreck (1879–1936) in the silent film "Nosferatu, eine Symphonie des Grauens" (1922). He was based on Bram Stoker's character Count Dracula.


History.

Santa Rita do Sapucaí is a municipality in the southern region of Minas Gerais state (MG) in Brazil. Traditionally, the foundation date of Santa Rita, short name for the city, is considered to be 1825-05-22, when the first mass was held in the chapel built on orders of Dona Genoveva Maria Martins da Fonseca, honoring a promise made by her late husband Manoel José da Fonseca. The Fonseca family arrived in the region in the early 19th century and is considered the founding family of Santa Rita do Sapucaí.

Location.

Santa Rita is located in a privileged site, a few hundred kilometers away from the states of Rio de Janeiro and São Paulo, in one of Minas Gerais' richest regions. It dwells between mountains and has a pleasant weather, with mild and dry winters, warm and dry springs, warm and wet summers and mild and wet autumns as typical of historically Atlantic Forest-covered Southeastern Brazil, throughout the year. It is warmer than São Paulo, but colder than Rio de Janeiro, Volta Redonda, Juiz de Fora and Belo Horizonte (Brazilians call the climate of the town "tropical de altitude", which means it is kind of subtropical for such low latitude).  The municipality contains the Santa Rita Biological Reserve, a strictly protected conservation unit created in 1980.

Economy.

Although located in a rich coffee-growing region, Santa Rita is known for its high technology industries, being home to one of Brazil's foremost electronic, telecommunications and computer engineering colleges, INATEL - Instituto Nacional de Telecomunicações, which was founded in 1965.  As to the Escola Técnica de Eletrônica "Francisco Moreira da Costa", the first electronic technical school of Latin América, it was founded in 1959 by lady Sinha Moreira. The city possesses today more than 110 companies of technological bases.  Santa Rita uses prisoners to power street lamps in a local plaza. Inmates are offered the opportunity to shorten their sentences by pedaling a bike that is connected to a car battery, which then are used to power the lighting grid.

Santa Rita do Sapucaí () is a municipality situated in the southernmost part of the State of Minas Gerais. The city is known as the "electronic valley", since it has plenty of electronic industries, and both a technical school (ETE - Escola Técnica de Eletrônica Francisco Moreira da Costa) and a University (Inatel - Instituto Nacional de Telecomunicações) which hold courses in electronic knowledge. It also has another university – FAI, which has majors in administration and informatics.


Armor.

The mantlet, the turret sides and the hull noseplate of the AMX-32 are hollow, the outer layers are made of dual hardness steel plates which are particularly effective against kinetic energy projectiles.  The frontal armor of the AMX-32 was successfully tested against 75 mm tungsten-cored PCOT rounds fired from the AMX-13 light tank and 57 mm armor-piercing rounds of the ASU-57. The turret side armor can withstand impacts of 23 mm armor-piercing rounds. The turret roof has been thickened in order to be protected from autocannons shells fired by fighter-bombers at a steep angle of 30°.  In addition, the AMX-32 features six smoke grenade dischargers and a dense white smoke screen can be generated by injecting vaporized diesel fuel into the exhaust system.

Fire control and observation.

Turret traverse and main gun elevation are powered by an electro-hydraulic drive. The main gun can be stabilized through servo-control; using inputs sent by the stabilized mirror head of the commander's M527 panoramic sight.

Gunner.

The gunner uses a APX M581 telescopic sight with ×10 magnification with a built-in APX M550 laser rangefinder (a.k.a CILAS TCV 80). The possibility of misalignment are reduced as the sight is an integral part of the mantlet. A Thomson CSF DIVT-13 low light television camera (LLLTV) with a ×1 magnification allows night observation up to 1200 m. The image obtained is displayed on two TV monitors (gunner and commander). The gunner also has two episcopes for direct observation.

Commander.

The commander has the latest iteration of the TOP 7 cupola with eight episcopes. Each episcope has a button placed under it allowing to quickly bring his sight toward the observed area. A SFIM M527 gyrostabilized panoramic sight with three channels; two daylight (×2 and ×8) and one night (×1) with light intensification allowing night observation up to 300-400 m.

Loader.

The loader has at his disposal one left-facing episcope and two rotating periscopes.

Mobility.

The AMX-32 was powered by a Hispano-Suiza (then Renault) HS-110-2-SR diesel engine fitted with twin Holset turbochargers and intercooler. The engine is coupled to an automatic, power shifting, SESM Minerva ENC 200 transmission with five forwards and reverse gears.

The AMX-32 was a French prototype main battle tank developed by AMX and APX during the late 1970s as an export tank to fit in a specific market niche of nations with smaller defence budgets.


Biography.

Marietta Piccolomini was born Maria Teresa Violante Piccolomini Clementini in Siena, Italy on 5 March 1834. She was descended from Italian noble House of Piccolomini, and her parents were horrified at her wanting to pursue a career in opera, but she succeeded in persuading them to allow her to do so. From the age of four years, Marietta had amused herself at playing at mock theatrical representations. She used to sing duets with her mother, a skilful amateur, and she had been instructed by Pietro Romani (1791–1877), one of the first professional singing teachers in Italy.  Marietta had long implored her father to allow her to appear on the stage. At last she prevailed and she made her debut in Rome, November, 1852, in Donizetti's "Poliuto" and Antonio Cagnoni’s "Don Bucefalo", under the guidance of her teacher, Romani. Then she appeared in her native town of Siena and subsequently, she went to Florence, where she performed in "Lucrezia Borgia".  In Pisa in 1853, she sang "Gilda" in "Rigoletto" and in Turin in 1855 she sang "Violetta" in "La Traviata", a role in which she became especially famous. The response in Turin was a spectacle not seen before in the world of entertainment. Throngs surrounded her hotel. Men tried to unharness the horses from her carriage so that they might draw it through the streets themselves but she would not permit this.

International career.

When word of her success in Turin reached Britain, she was invited to sing the British premiere of "La Traviata" at Her Majesty's Theatre in London, where she appeared for the first time on May 24, 1856. In spite of the doubts raised by music critics about her technical skills as a singer, audiences received her exceedingly well and she "was adopted at once as the pet (and afterwards how "much" petted!) child of Her Majesty's Theatre". On June 26, Piccolomini appeared for the first time as Maria, in "La figlia del reggimento", and on July 26 in "Don Pasquale". Although these performances revealed her inexperience, critics praised her dramatic ability. Following her season in England, Picolomini sang in Dublin with great success.  Piccolomini's appearance in Paris in "Traviata" on December 6, 1856 was the first time the opera had been heard in France. Verdi tried to stop the opera from being performed at Théâtre des Italiens owing to lack of copyright for his operas in France at the time, also supporting the claims of the French holder of the rights on Alexandre Dumas's "La Dame aux camélias" (whence the opera is drawn), but without success. Again, while critics remarked on the limitations of her voice and singing, they praised her natural talent and stage presence. When the Empress Eugénie heard that she had missed the most talked-about premiere in Paris, she sent word to Calzado, the director of the theatre, and a command performance was arranged for the Emperor and her.  Piccolomini returned to the United Kingdom on April 21, 1857, and performed in "La figlia del reggimento" again and also in "Don Giovanni" (Zerlina), "Lucia di Lammermoor" and "Le Nozze di Figaro" (Susanna). She had been working hard to improve her technique as a result of the criticism she had received the year before. She then made a provincial tour which included Liverpool, Manchester, Birmingham, Glasgow, Edinburgh, Bath, Bristol, Cheltenham, Brighton, and other places. Then she repaired again to Dublin. In November and December she went with Giuglini on a starring tour through Holland and Germany.  In 1858 Mademoiselle Piccolomini took part both in the first experimental winter season of Her Majesty's Theatre and in the ordinary one, revisiting some of her repertoire roles and premiering "La zingara", a highly successful Italian version of Balfe's "The Bohemian Girl" (with all recitatives set to music), and Verdi's "Luisa Miller", which was not however so warmly welcome. She also performed for the first time Amina in "La sonnambula" by Vincenzo Bellini and Serpina in "La serva padrona" by Giovanni Paisiello. After her usual tour around the provinces and in Dublin, in October she left for the United States, where she debuted at the New York Academy of Music with her favourite "La Traviata", and then moved to Philadelphia and several other large American cities, proposing her repertoire of operas by Verdi, Donizetti, Paisiello and Mozart, and enjoying almost as much success as in London.  In June 1859 she returned to London, appearing at the Theatre Royal, Drury Lane in sixteen or seventeen performances, the last of which being her debut in "Il trovatore". After touring around the provinces as usual, she finally returned to Italy.

Marriage and retirement.

In April 1860 she was persuaded by Fabio Campana's entreaties to appear for the last time at Her Majesty's Theatre in the premiere of his "Almina", and the following month she married the Marquis Francesco Caetani della Fargna (1824–1906), settling in Florence. Thereafter she retired from the stage, taking part only in rare charity concerts or making courtesy appearances. In 1863, however, she heard of the preparations in London for some benefit concerts in honour of Benjamin Lumley, the former impresario of Her Majesty's Theatre, who had launched her international career seven years before and who was by then ruined. Driven by gratitude, she decided on her own initiative to make the long journey to London and took part in the performances which, given the unavailability of Her Majesty's Theatre, had to be held at the Drury Lane.  Marquise Caetani della Fargna died of pneumonia on 11 December 1899 at her villa in Florence. She is interred in the Cimitero delle Porte Sante at the Basilica di San Miniato al Monte.

Marietta Piccolomini (; 5 March 1834 – 11 December 1899) was an Italian soprano. She was most famous for the role of Violetta in "La Traviata" by Giuseppe Verdi, which she performed in England, France, and the United States, as well as her native Italy. After her marriage in 1863, she retired from performing, making only rare charity or courtesy appearances thereafter.


Background.

Carey was sent to work with the C+C Music Factory and they composed the song "You're So Cold", which became the first choice for the album's first single. However, a second session with the production team had them feeling in a lighter mood when "Emotions" was created and finally decided upon as the lead single.

Composition.

"Emotions" is a disco song, and is written in the key of A minor with a tempo of 115 beats per minute. Carey's vocal range spans more than four octaves on the track, from C to E, with the highest note being sung with arpeggios. The sheet music of the song has a 8va marking on the last part of the song. It was later publicly revealed that the track borrowed from Maurice White's Best of My Love, written for the band The Emotions. This situation led to an out-of-court settlement between both sides.

Music videos and remixes.

The single's music video, directed by Jeff Preiss, features Carey and friends with exotic animals while partying and having fun around town in New York City. The video was desaturated but still maintains various color tints, which change from brown to red to blue and so forth.  David Cole and Robert Clivillés created the main remix of "Emotions" known as "Emotions" (12" Club Mix). Although Carey did not re-record her vocals for it, she added a new gospel-style intro before the song's dance portion. This new intro was used when she performed "Emotions" on "MTV Unplugged" in 1992, as well as at some later concerts. A music video was created using the 12" club mix, but only slight changes in editing differentiate it from the video for the original version. The remix was later featured on Carey's 2003 remix album "The Remixes".

Critical reception.

"Emotions" received positive reviews from critics.  "Emotions" was nominated for the 1992 Grammy Award for Best Female Pop Vocal Performance, losing to "Something to Talk About" by Bonnie Raitt. It won a BMI R&B Award, continuing Carey's unbroken streak of wins for this award. Carey was also nominated for Producer of the Year (non-classical), becoming the second woman to achieve this honor.

Chart performance.

"Emotions" became Carey's fifth consecutive number one hit on the U.S. "Billboard" Hot 100, giving her the distinction of being the first (and, to date, only) act to have their first five singles make number 1 on the Hot 100. (She had previously shared a record of four with The Jackson 5.) It reached number 1 in its seventh week and spent three weeks at the top, from October 12 to 26, 1991. It replaced "Good Vibrations" by Marky Mark and the Funky Bunch featuring Loleatta Holloway, and was replaced by Karyn White's "Romantic". It remained in the top 40 for 20 weeks and was one of four singles from Carey on the Hot 100's 1991 year-end charts, ranking 22. The song topped the Hot R&B/Hip-Hop Songs chart and became her second number 1 single on the Hot Dance Club Play chart. The RIAA certified it Platinum in 2019.  Outside the U.S., it was Carey's most successful single since "Vision of Love" (1990), the lead single from her debut album. It reached the top five in Canada and New Zealand, and became her first single to reach the United Kingdom top 20 since her debut. It was a modest hit in Australia, where it just missed the top ten, but its success in Europe was limited.

Live performances.

Carey performed "Emotions" live for the first time at the 1991 MTV Video Music Awards, backed by several male and female back up vocalists. Following the award show appearance, she sang "Emotions" on "The Arsenio Hall Show", airing on September 23, 1991.  Carey opened every show with "Emotions" during her Music Box Tour in 1993, Daydream World Tour in 1996, Butterfly World Tour in 1998, and Rainbow World Tour in 2000. However, she omitted the second verse in it when performing the song during the Rainbow World Tour.  On New Year's Eve, 2009, Carey sang "Emotions" on the first night of her Angels Advocate Tour (2009-2010). It was the first time she had sung Emotions live in almost 10 years, since the Rainbow World Tour (2000).  She sang "Emotions" on her The Elusive Chanteuse Show tour in 2014, as well as in her first annual Christmas show at the Beacon Theater in New York City, All I Want For Christmas Is You, A Night of Joy & Festivity (2014).  The song was also featured in Carey's Las Vegas residency, "#1 to Infinity". For the performance, Carey entered the stage singing the "MTV Unplugged" version of the song, while Las Vegas showgirls danced on the stage.  On December 31, 2016, Carey attempted to sing "Emotions" during a live performance in Times Square for the television special "Dick Clark's New Year's Rockin' Eve", but the performance was afflicted by technical issues that prevented her from hearing her backing track. Carey's management claimed that the producers of the program had refused to acknowledge the issue prior to her performance and had "set her up to fail", but these claims were denied by Dick Clark Productions.  The song was also featured in Carey's Las Vegas residency, "The Butterfly Returns". For the Caution World Tour in 2019, the song was part of a medley alongside "You Don't Know What To Do".

Other usage.

The song was used in the background of a late 1991 episode of the day-time soap opera show "General Hospital".  The song was also used for a 2009 "Australian Idol" TV advertisement.  Canadian rapper Drake sampled the song's 12" Club Mix version in the song "Emotionless" from his 2018 album "Scorpion".

Track listings.

Worldwide CD single  U.S. CD maxi-single  European maxi-single #1  European maxi-single #2

Credits and personnel.

Credits adapted from the liner notes of "Emotions".  Recording  Personnel

"Emotions" is a song by American singer Mariah Carey from her second studio album "Emotions" (1991). It was written and produced by Carey, Robert Clivillés and David Cole of C+C Music Factory, and released as the album's lead single on August 13, 1991. The song's lyrics has its protagonist going through a variety of emotions, from high to low, up to the point where she declares "you got me feeling emotions". Musically, it is heavily influenced by 1970s disco music, and showcases Carey's upper range and extensive use of the whistle register.


Biography.

Bickler was born in North Dakota, moved to Willmar, Minnesota, and then graduated from Benet Academy in Lisle, Illinois. His career began in 1968 as one of two lead singers and a musician in the early 1970s American rock group Jamestown Massacre. The group's single "Summer Sun" was a Billboard Top 100 and Easy Listening chart entry in the summer of 1972. Bickler met Jim Peterik while doing commercial jingles in the mid-1970s, leading to their future partnership in the band Survivor.  Bickler currently lives with his family in Brookfield, a suburb of Chicago.  On February 2, 2012, he appeared on "The Colbert Report" singing a passage from "Newt Gingrich's" book "A Nation Like No Other" to the tune of "Eye of the Tiger".  In 2009, Dave Bickler posted several new songs he was writing and recording for a future solo project via his Twitter account and website. On September 28, 2018, he released his debut solo album, "Darklight".  In October 2017, Bickler appeared at Rockingham Festival at the Nottingham Trent University, UK. In 2018, he joined Jim Peterik on stage to perform Caught in the Game, Rebel Girl, and Eye of the Tiger.

Survivor.

Bickler is best known as an original member of Survivor from 1978 to 1983. He rejoined with co-founders Frankie Sullivan and Jim Peterik in 1993, staying until early 2000. He was a part of the group for their first four albums: "Survivor", "Premonition", "Eye of The Tiger", and "Caught in the Game". Although primarily serving as the band's lead vocalist during this time, he is also credited with playing keyboards on Survivor's first two albums (including being the sole keyboardist on their debut album, before rhythm guitarist Jim Peterik began to take over the role on "Premonition", although future releases would see Peterik replaced in-studio by session musicians).  Survivor experienced their big breakthrough in 1982, when they were asked by Sylvester Stallone to provide the theme song for his movie "Rocky III". The song, "Eye of the Tiger", soon turned into one of the biggest hits of the band's career. It had an enormous impact on the "Billboard" charts, soaring to #1 for six weeks. The song won the band a Grammy Award for Best Rock Performance By A Duo Or Group With Vocal, was voted "Best New Song" by the People's Choice Awards and received an Academy Award nomination. Thanks to the song's success and another Top 20 single, "American Heartbeat", the album "Eye of the Tiger" peaked at #2 on the "Billboard" 200 chart. The song remains popular today. It came in at #18 on the Top 100 Singles chart in "Billboard"s 100th Anniversary issue and it is well over the 300,000 mark on the iTunes Store, where it once held #9 on their "Top Soundtrack" chart.  Bickler also can be heard on other Survivor singles including "Somewhere in America", "Rebel Girl", "Poor Man's Son", "Summer Nights", "The One That Really Matters", "American Heartbeat", "Caught in the Game" and "Ever Since the World Began" (later re-recorded by Bickler's successor in Survivor, Jimi Jamison, as a solo single for the "Lock Up" film soundtrack).  Bickler left the band in late 1983 after he developed polyps on his vocal cords and required surgery and voice rest, a condition that would take a year and a half to recuperate from. Bickler was also unhappy about his lack of a bigger payday he felt was owed him for the multi-platinum success the band had from their hit album "Eye of The Tiger" released a year earlier. After leaving Survivor, Bickler continued recording with other groups in the Chicago area and doing commercial jingles and ads.  Bickler rejoined Survivor in early 1993 as lead vocalist for a "Greatest Hits" album on Scotti Bros. featuring two new songs "You Know Who You Are" and "Hungry Years" (the latter of which he co-wrote). Bickler recorded new music with the band in hopes of a new album, but ongoing lawsuits and trademark ownership issues with his initial successor in the band, Jimi Jamison halted the release.  Bickler was fired in early 2000 after a brief string of tour dates. On April 1, 2000, it was announced that for the second time Jimi Jamison was the new lead singer of Survivor.  Bickler is credited with co-writing two songs on the Survivor album "Reach" with Frankie Sullivan: "I Don't" and "One More Chance".  In 2013, it was announced on Survivor's official media sources that guitarist Frankie Sullivan had reunited the current Survivor line-up with Dave Bickler again, with the band planning to have their two most well-known vocalists together for the next tour, Dave Bickler and Jimi Jamison. Following a year of touring together with Bickler in this lineup, Jamison died of a drug-induced stroke on September 1, 2014.  In March 2016, Bickler was again fired from Survivor.

Bud Light "Real Men of Genius" radio and television ads.

Since 2000, Bickler has continued his venture in recording commercials and video advertisements. His singing is featured in the successful Budweiser Light "Real American Heroes" and "Real Men of Genius" ad campaign (the decision to change the campaign from Heroes to Genius was made after 9/11) singing plaintively in counterpoint to the wry commentary of voice actor Peter Stacker. Over 100 of these commercials have been recorded and broadcast on sports radio stations and events for over ten years. A handful of CDs from the Bud Light ads have been released and sold over 100,000 copies in its first three weeks of release. The release according to 'Pop Culture Tonight: with Patrick Phillips' February 2016 interview with Dave Bickler, sold 400,000 copies.

David "Dave" Bickler (born March 31, 1953) is an American musician, best known as the lead singer for the rock band Survivor from 1978 until 1983, particularly on the #1 U.S. hit "Eye of the Tiger". In addition to his wide vocal range, his trademark look included a beret. Bickler would go on to provide the vocals in advertisements, including Bud Light's "Real Men of Genius" TV and radio commercials.


Background.

Stage Women's War Relief.

Stage Women's War Relief was founded in 1917 to organize charitable giving in support of the war effort. Its founders, led by playwright and director Rachel Crothers, included the actress and playwright Louise Closser Hale and actresses Dorothy Donnelly, Josephine Hull, Minnie Dupree, Elizabeth Tyree and Louise Drew. The organization established workrooms for sewing uniforms and other garments (with total output totaling 1,863,645 articles), set up clothing and food collection centers, sold Liberty Bonds, and opened a canteen on Broadway for servicemen. It also presented benefit performances to raise money, including some held in a temporary "Liberty Theater" built outside the New York Public Library. In total, the group raised nearly $7,000,000 for the war effort.

The American Theatre Wing of the Allied War Relief.

At the beginning of World War II in 1939, Crothers reestablished the Stage Women's War Relief as a branch of the British War Relief Society. The revived organization's members included Mary Antoinette "Toni" Perry, Helen Hayes, Lynn Fontaine, and Tallulah Bankhead. They began fundraising and organizing clothing donations for European refugees. In 1941, with the entry of the United States into the war, the organization was renamed The American Theatre Wing of the Allied War Relief and shifted its focus to the American war effort.

Stage Door Canteen.

Under the leadership of Perry and Crothers, the Wing opened the Stage Door Canteen to entertain American servicemen in New York. The first canteen was in the basement of the 44th Street Theatre, and similar entertainment and dining venues were established in Los Angeles, Boston, Washington, D.C., Philadelphia, Cleveland, Newark, and San Francisco, as well as abroad in London and Paris. In the US canteens, servicewomen were denied entry, although this was not the case in the European locations.  Lauren Bacall worked as a hostess in the New York Stage Door Canteen, and later recalled seeing Alfred Lunt and Lynn Fontaine washing dishes and serving coffee there. The Andrews Sisters were frequent performers. The Stage Door Canteen made its way into national popular culture with a 1942 weekly radio show and a 1943 movie called "Stage Door Canteen".

The American Theatre Wing: post–World War II – present.

After World War II, the Wing founded The Community Players to assist war veterans and their families on their return home. Co-chair of the Community Players was Katharine Cornell, who was active in the Stage Door Canteen.  With the close of the war, the Wing concentrated on holding seminars about American theater, and on funding numerous scholarship grants. It sponsored the First American Congress of Theatre (FACT) in 1947, but it is best known in contemporary times for having created, in the same year, The American Theatre Wing's Antoinette Perry Awards for Excellence in Theatre, or Tony Awards for short, which it still sponsors and which awards were themselves named for Perry, its co-founder and wartime chair, who had died in 1946.  The initial presentation of the Wing's Tony Awards program on radio and television was broadcast only locally in New York City. In 1967, it partnered with the League of American Theatres and Producers, now called The Broadway League, to present them on nationwide network television.  From 1965 to 1998, Isabelle Stevenson was the President of the ATW. After retiring, she served as chairwoman of the board of directors until her death in 2003. A special non-competitive Tony Award, for humanitarian or charitable work, is named in her honor, and is called The Isabelle Stevenson Award. It is Tony's equivalent to the Motion Picture Academy's Jean Hersholt Humanitarian Award.  Sondra Gilman succeeded Stevenson as chair and Doug Leeds served as president from 2004 to 2008. When they completed their four-year terms, Theodore S. (Ted) Chapin assumed both roles from 2008 to 2012. In 2012, Tony Award–winning costume designer William Ivey Long became chair of the board until 2016 when current board chair, the Pulitzer Prize–winning playwright David Henry Hwang, assumed his duties. Angela Lansbury currently serves as honorary chairman and Heather A. Hitchens is President and CEO of the American Theatre Wing.  Besides the Tonys, ATW operates an array of programs to support its goals, including:

The American Theatre Wing (the Wing for short) is a New York City–based organization "dedicated to supporting excellence and education in theatre", according to its mission statement. Originally known as the Stage Women's War Relief during World War I, it later became a part of the World War II Allied Relief Fund under its current name. The ATW created and sponsors the Tony Awards in theatrical arts.


Biography.

Live and Unsigned and Open Mic UK.

In 2007 Grayston organised and co-founded Live and Unsigned, an annual music competition for unsigned acts in the United Kingdom. Grayston has served as events director and head judge for the competition. The competition annually attracts 10,000 participants, and after a series of live judging panels, ends with a summer National Grand Final at the Indig02 as part of Live Fest.  Through the competition Grayston has discovered a number of acts, including 2007 winners B-Kay and Kazz, who later achieved a top 30 hit in the UK charts with the single "You Know it's Right".  Grayston discovered participant Josh Dubovie in 2008, who went on to represent the United Kingdom at the 2010 Eurovision Song Contest. In 2008 he also discovered Welsh indie/electronic band Kiddo360, who won the Grand Final and later went on to win a Vodafone Award. Nathan Sykes performed in 2008, before he joined The Wanted. In the same year Grayston was involved in setting up the first Open Mic UK, as a spin off of Live and Unsigned.  In 2010, the competition winners were The Lottery Winners, Scottish band The Detours, and  Future Music was incorporated in 2013. The original Live and Unsigned company was dissolved in 2014. In 2015, Future Production was incorporated. The company runs Open Mic UK.

Book and companies.

In 2016, Grayston directed company Future Music was dissolved, and TeenStar incorporated. The same year Grayston published a book called "The Secret to Success in the Music Industry".

Controversies.

Following Luke Friend's appearance on 2013's X Factor and subsequent top 40 hit, Future Music threatened to sue Friend for alleged breach of contract. Future Music argued that ""the winner must give TeenStar, run by Future Music, first refusal on management services within 18 months of winning"," in addition to ""appearances and promotion for an 18 month period from the end of the competition for a minimum of 5 times."" Luke Friend's management company, Crown Management, have stated that ""Our client was saddened to have received this claim from Future Music with whom he worked amicably for some time, including during his time in X-Factor. The claim has absolutely no basis in fact and will be robustly defended. We have every expectation that our client will be vindicated in due course.""

Personal life.

Grayston has three children, and in 2016 lived in Shirley.

Chris Grayston is an English music promoter, born 1971, event organizer, record producer, musician, label owner, and talent scout. Currently, Grayston is employed as a music consultant including working for acts, record labels.


Red Westerns in an international context.

Red Westerns which use the actual American west as a setting include, the Romanian "The Oil, the Baby and the Transylvanians" (1981) which dramatises the struggles of Romanian and Hungarian settlers in a new land. The Czech "Lemonade Joe" and the Soviet "A Man from the Boulevard des Capucines" plump for pastiche or satire, making fun of the hard worn conventions of the American films. The German "The Sons of the Great Bear" (1966) turned the traditional American "Cowboy and Indian" conventions on their head, casting the Native Americans as the "heroes" and the American Army as the villains - this was well within the established tradition of Karl May's highly successful German Western novels, but had some obvious Cold War overtones. The film started a series of "Indian films" by the East German DEFA studios which were quite successful.  Many of the non-Soviet examples of the genre were international co-productions akin to the Spaghetti Westerns. "The Sons of the Great Bear" for example was a co-production between East Germany and Czechoslovakia, starring a Yugoslav, scripted in German, and shot in a number of different Eastern Bloc countries and used a variety of locations including Yugoslavia, Bulgaria, Mongolia and Czechoslovakia. "The Oil, the Baby and the Transylvanians" was a Romanian film, but featured emigrant Hungarians heavily in the storyline.

Gibanica westerns.

"Gibanica western" was a short-lived term for the Yugoslav equivalent of the Ostern, more commonly known as partisan film and, sometimes, the Partisan western. They were made in the 1960s, 1970s and 1980s, and were about the partisans in World War II.

Goulash westerns.

The Goulash westerns are the Easterns of Hungarian director György Szomjas. He directed two films ("The Wind Blows Under Your Feet" and "Wrong-Doers") in the 1970s.

The Ostern (Eastern) or Red Western was a genre film created in the Soviet Union and Eastern Bloc as a version of the Western films that originated in the United States. The term refers to two related genres:


Biography.

Youth.

The son of a wealthy Belgian textile industrialist, Robert Jonckheere developed early in life an enthusiasm for astronomy. At age 12, he began to travel in England to learn the language and the textile industry. He attended secondary school at the lycée of Tourcoing and attended college at Notre Dame des Victoires de Roubaix. With his family fortune, he built a private observatory on the roof of the family home in 1905 and became a member of l'société astronomique de France. In 1907, he found a site for a new observatory on a hill 20 meters above the surrounding land, which is now in the city of Hem near Lille. Construction started in December 1907 and ended with the installation of the telescope under the dome in 1909.

Observatory at Hem.

Jonckheere's observatory was not totally devoted to astronomy. The building complex had several offices, a residential house, a library, and a weather station.

Exile and return.

During World War I, Robert Jonckheere with his wife and children took refuge in England. During this period, the Royal Observatory, Greenwich allowed him to continue his study of double stars and published a catalogue presenting his results. For this catalogue, l'Académie des Sciences awarded him the Prix Lalande for 1917. In order to support his family, Jonckheere worked in the optical department of the Royal Arsenal in Woolwich. After the end of the war, he returned to France to find the family business in ruins. In 1920, he took over the business from his father but the 1920s were bad times for the business and the observatory. In 1929, Jonckhèere sold the telescope and equipment to the University of Lille for use by the Observatory of Lille.

Professional career.

In spite of his achievements, Jonckhèere was unable to obtain employment as a researcher at the Observatory of Lille. In 1929, having sold land and building of his old installation at Hem, he left for Marseille.  At Marseille, Robert Jonckhèere was allowed to do research by the staff at the Observatory of Marseille but he had to do various odd jobs for a living. It was not until 1942 that he passed the entrance examination for the CNRS, enabling him to have the title Maître de Recherche and employment as a professional astronomer at the Observatory of Marseille. He continued his discoveries of double stars by using the telescope of Léon Foucault with its 80 centimeter mirror. Jonckhèere received the Prix Becquerel of l'Académie des Sciences in 1943.  He became chief editor of the Journal des Observateurs, a journal which published French astronomical research. He retired in 1962.

Robert Jonckheere (25 July 1888, Roubaix – 27 June 1974, Marseille) was a French astronomer. He is known for his discovery of more than 3350 double stars. A. R. Jonckheere, psychologist and statistician at University College London, was his son.


History.

1996–2013: Second division.

The club was founded in 1996 as Al Shabab. It changed its name to "Al Muaither" in 2004 by decision of the Qatar Olympic Committee. They played exclusively in the Qatari Second Division until 2013.  Their first promotion play-off was in the 1999–00 season against Qatar SC.  In 2004, Muaither became the first team in history from the second division to win the Sheikh Jassem Cup. They defeated Al Wakrah 2–1 in the final.  They finished as runners-up of the Second Division in the 2012 and 2013 season, which earned them promotion play-off matches against Umm Salal and Al Arabi. They lost the first match against Umm Salal, which was the club's second promotion play-off match in its history, by a scoreline of 0–1 after extra time in 2012. They also lost 1–2 against Al Arabi after extra time in 2013.  Their president, Saleh Al-Aji, filed a complaint on 23 April against Al Arabi under the pretense that they were fielding a suspended player, Baba Keita. This was according to the league statistics available on the Qatar Football Association's website. The QFA dashed their hope of being promoted by officially stating that the information they presented was not available on the website, and that Muaither must have acquired the information from third-party sources.

2013–2014: Qatar Stars League.

It was announced on 7 May 2013 that the Qatar Stars League would expand to 14 clubs, which inferred that Muaither would be promoted to the first division despite losing the relegation play-off.  Their first action in the first division was to hire renowned Spanish-French coach, Ladislas Lozano.  They were relegated at the end of the 2013–14 season, along with Al Rayyan.

Name.

Over history, Muaither's name has been misspelled by local media in numerous forms. In the mid-2000, the club was known as "Muaizar", and then in late 2000, the club was known as "Al-Mu'aidar". However, the official spelling is Muaither.

Current squad.

"As of Qatari Second Division:"

Muaither SC () is a Qatari multi-sports club based in Muaither. It is best known for its football department, which plays in the Qatar Stars League.


Plot.

In Heilongjiang Province, 1999, the dismembered parts of a human body appear in shipments of coal in different cities. Detective Zhang Zili (Liao Fan) is assigned to investigate. The dead man is identified as a coal worker named Liang Zhijun, according to an identification badge next to some of the remains. Zhang and his partners (including Wang) go to interview a potential suspect and his brother. The suspect kills two of Zhang's partners before being shot by Zhang. Zhang is then shot by the suspect's brother. Zhang survives. Wang and Zhang return the ashes of Liang to his widow Wu (Gwei Lun-mei), an employee at Rong Rong Laundry. Wu buries the ashes at the base of a tree just outside Rong Rong Laundry.  By 2004, Zhang has quit the police force and become a drunken security guard, having been traumatized by the prior events. During a chance encounter with Wang, Zhang learns that two additional murders have happened with the same "modus operandi". The common thread is that both of these men had dated Wu at some point. Both men were wearing ice skates when they were killed. Zhang feels intrigued and begins to investigate. He becomes a frequent customer of Rong Rong Laundry and tries to follow Wu at night, but she easily detects him. One day, the owner of the store, Rong Rong (Wang Jingchun), explains to Zhang that he employs Wu out of sympathy, even though she does not do her job properly. In fact, five years before, Wu had damaged a highly expensive jacket, although a few days later the jacket's owner stopped complaining and disappeared.  Zhang tries to make friends with Wu, and eventually invites her to go ice-skating together at an outdoor rink. Wang is secretly following the pair when he notices that a truck driver is also following them. He follows the truck driver, but while arresting him, the truck driver kills him using the blades of a pair of ice-skates as a weapon. The murder of his former partner makes Zhang even more determined. He follows up on a license plate number written down on a pad of paper (presumedly by Wang). While on the bus Zhang is followed by a man with a pair of skates. He goes into a restaurant and notices the man following him. He loses the man at a dance hall. The next day he follows the truck and sees the man dispose of paper wrapped bags from an overpass onto passing coal trains. He then follows the man to the same outdoor ice skating rink. To test his new theory of the case Zhang asks for Liang Zhijun to be paged (the 1st murder victim from 1999). The man Zhang was following reacts by immediately leaving the rink.  The police confronts Wu regarding the murders. She insists on speaking to Zhang. She tells him that Liang is alive and had killed someone during a robbery. She tells Zhang that Liang switched identities with the man and that Liang is alive and following her since 1999 and killing any man with whom she is involved.  Zhang gets Wu to help the police catch Liang. She reveals his location and arranges to meet with him. They meet and decide sometime later to go out to buy cigarettes. Liang notices the police and runs. Liang is armed with a gun, the police give chase and eventually kill Liang.  The police ask Wu for the ashes from 1999. She says that she threw the ashes in a river, which makes Zhang suspicious (he saw her bury the ashes under a tree outside the laundry). He returns to Rong Rong and offers the owner a sum of money to purchase the damaged jacket that the customer abandoned. After a search for the jacket's owner, Zhang arrives at the Daylight Fireworks Club (The name of the club is the Chinese title of the film). He meets the owner of the club and asks if she recognizes the jacket. She says that her husband owned a similar jacket. She also says that he went with another woman and she has not seen him since. Zhang asks the owner whether she would recognize the woman her husband left with and she adamantly says yes. She offers Zhang any sum for the woman's whereabouts while entering her bathtub, fully clothed. Zhang says he is only here to deliver the jacket.  Zhang goes back to Rong Rong to invite Wu out to a performance at an amusement park. The pair meet the next evening on a Ferris wheel. Zhang asks Wu to look over to the city. The neon lighting of Daylight Fireworks Club is visible. Zhang asks her what she sees and she admits seeing the club. Zhang wants Wu to tell him the truth before the police finds out. Wu instead kisses Zhang and they end up having (awkward) sex while still on the Ferris wheel.  Police then question Wu and confronts her with the jacket. Wu admits she killed the owner of the jacket. When she could not afford to pay the value of the jacket, the owner of the jacket forced her into an ongoing sexual relationship with him. To make this stop Wu killed the owner of the jacket. Wu said Liang was not involved and he sacrificed everything for her and became a living dead person. She admits betraying Liang.  Zhang returns to his former life. Wu is arrested and is walked through the scene where the murder took place by the police. When she is transported from the scene fireworks starts going off everywhere. The fireworks are shot from a rooftop nearby. The daylight fireworks is an allusion to the Daylight Fireworks Club (and the title of the film). The film ends as police and firefighters scale the building to stop the person responsible for the fireworks.  Note: this plot synopsis is of the uncensored version released outside China. Some of the above-mentioned scenes (such as the sex scene on the Ferris wheel, and the final shot of the police and firefighters scaling the building) are not shown in the Chinese version (which is 3m 40s shorter).

Production.

The project started from Diao Yinan's idea to film a detective story. Diao spent eight years in total to write the screenplay; the final version that was filmed was the third draft. The film was then laid out into a detective film noir.  Liao Fan gained 44 pounds of weight to play the film's protagonist of an alcoholic and suspended police officer.

Name.

The film's English title "Black Coal, Thin Ice" is different from its Chinese title "Bai Ri Yan Huo", which translates literally as "Daylight Fireworks". Diao Yinan came across this phrase from a friend of his. Diao further clarified the meaning of "daylight fireworks" as a state of sentiment or a state of condition. For him, the Chinese and English names together helped to construct the difference between reality and fantasy. In an interview he explained, "Coal and ice both belong to the realm of reality, but fireworks in daylight is something fantastic; they are the two sides of the same coin." The English name refers to the two visual clues in the film: coal as "where the body parts were found" and ice as "where the murder was committed". He further explained, "when the two are combined, the reality of this murder is constructed... while daytime fireworks is a fantasy, it is what we use to coat ourselves from the cruel side of this real world."

Reception.

Box office.

"Black Coal, Thin Ice" grossed US$16.8 million worldwide.

Critical response.

The film was shown in competition at the 64th Berlin International Film Festival, won the Golden Bear prize for Diao. The film's leading actor Liao Fan also won the Silver Bear for Best Actor. The film received critical praise at the Berlin Film Festival, but audience reaction was more divided.  On review aggregator website Rotten Tomatoes, the film has an approval rating of 95% based on 21 reviews, with an average rating of 7.8/10. On Metacritic, which assigns a normalized rating to reviews, the film has a weighted average score 75 out of 100, based on 5 critics, indicating "generally favorable reviews".

Black Coal, Thin Ice () is a 2014 Chinese thriller film written and directed by Diao Yinan, and produced by Vivian Qu. The film won the Golden Bear award at the 64th Berlin International Film Festival.


Career.

Early years.

Dennerlein was born and grew up in Munich, Germany. She began playing the organ aged 11 after receiving a small Hohner instrument for Christmas. She was encouraged by her grandfather to learn a musical instrument, and her parents were both jazz enthusiasts. She took formal lessons for two years under the instruction of Paul Greisl, who had a Hammond B-3. She immediately became interested in the instrument, and the fact it contained a bass pedalboard unlike her Hohner. After some searching, since the instrument was then out of production, she acquired her own Hammond aged 13 from her parents. She began to play concerts aged 14, and the following year, she played in a jazz club for the first time. When leading her own bands, Dennerlein was often the youngest musician in the group, and she learned to cooperate with more experienced musicians. Her local reputation as the "Organ tornado from Munich" spread after her first TV appearances in 1982.

Recordings.

When her third LP "Bebab" was issued, Dennerlein established her own record label in 1985, and assumed her own management duties, because she felt she was not getting enough support from either her existing label or from Hammond, who wanted to promote later digital models rather than the B-3 she used. She received two German Record Critics' awards for self-produced albums. Later, she made three recordings for Enja Records and three for Verve Records. On these recordings she worked with Ray Anderson, Randy Brecker, Dennis Chambers, Roy Hargrove, Mitch Watkins, and Jeff 'Tain' Watts.

Instruments.

Dennerlein modified a Hammond's pedalboard to trigger samples of an acoustic bass, and, impressed with results, decided to modify the manuals to play samplers too. Her performances include solo performances as well as quintets (e.g. her "Bebab" band). In both, she uses MIDI technology and triggers built into pedals and manuals to trigger synthesizers and samples to her sound.  After a variety of projects and after playing with unconventional musicians, such as Friedrich Gulda, Dennerlein started playing the pipe organ in 1994. Since 2003, she has also developed jazz projects with symphonic orchestras, including a collaboration with the Berlin Philharmonic Orchestra on the Karl-Schuke organ.

Compositions.

Dennerlein claims to have been primarily influenced by jazz, and was not initially interested in classical or church music, although it was and is popular in Germany. She has never been enthusiastic about formal music theory, preferring to learn things through improvisation. However, she has further said that her main influence from jazz is the ability to mix other musical styles as desired, saying "To me, jazz is a synonym for freedom. Freedom from prejudice and discrimination".  Dennerlein's first album included four of her own titles. Her compositions vary from traditional blues schemes, romantic, melancholic ballads to tempo driven compositions with elements of swing, bebop, funk and Latin rhythms. The fast tempos and rhythmic figures she uses in her interpretations of well-known standards, and in many of her own compositions, require fast bass pedalboard foot work, though she has used bass players for recordings in order to feature techniques such as slap bass, which cannot be played on pedals. Dennerlein often uses changing meter (e.g., 3/4 to 4/4), as well as unconventional harmonic changes to add expression to her compositions.

Barbara Dennerlein (born 25 September 1964 in Munich) is a German jazz organist. She has achieved particular critical acclaim for using the bass pedalboard on a Hammond organ, and for integrating synthesizer sounds onto the instrument, and was described by critic Ron Wynn as "the most interesting jazz organist to emerge during the 1980s."


Origins.

Originating from Argyll, a region of western Scotland, the band is named after the Western capercaillie, sometimes called a wood grouse, a native Scottish bird. Their first album, "Cascade", was recorded in 1984.

Musical style.

Capercaillie's repertoire includes both traditional Gaelic songs and tunes, as well as modern English-language songs and tunes, composed by other folk writers and musicians, or by members of the band. The group often adapt traditional Gaelic songs and music using modern production techniques, and often mix musical forms, combining traditional lyrics and tunes with modern techniques and instruments such as synthesisers, drum machines, electric guitar and bass.  Capercaillie's first two albums, "Cascade" and "Crosswinds" featured few modern instruments and the tunes and songs were played in a more traditional arrangement. However beginning with later albums such as "Sidewaulk", and the soundtrack of "The Blood Is Strong", Capercaillie began to experiment with adding funk bass-lines into certain tracks, as well as synthesisers and electric guitar. This fusion style gained Capercaillie chart success in the 1990s, on albums such as "Delirium" and "Secret People" (see Chart Success, below) and reached its peak in the albums "To the Moon" and "Beautiful Wasteland", with the remix albums "Get Out" and "Capercaillie" being released during this period.  Capercaillie have drawn back slightly from the heavy fusion style featured on their albums the 1990s, and their more recent albums from "Nàdurra" (2003) up to "At the Heart of It All" (2013) feature more traditional arrangements and instruments, while still retaining a slight fusion feel.  The opening track from their 2000 album "Nàdurra", "Skye Waulking Song", is used in the Edexcel Music GCSE Specification from 2009 onwards. The song is in the world music section, and is used as a representation of traditional folk music combined with rock music.

Chart success.

Their 1992 EP, "A Prince Among Islands", was the first Scottish Gaelic-language record to have a single that reached the Top 40 of the UK Singles Chart: "Coisich A Ruin" peaked at No. 39. Another single, "Dark Alan (Ailein duinn)" reached No. 65 in the UK Singles Chart in June 1995.  The album "Secret People" (1993) reached No. 40, and "To the Moon" (1995) peaked at No. 41 in the UK Albums Chart.

Capercaillie is a Scottish folk band that was founded in 1984 by Donald Shaw and led by Karen Matheson. Capercaillie performs traditional Gaelic and contemporary English songs. The group adapts traditional Gaelic music and traditional lyrics with modern production techniques and instruments such as electric guitar and bass guitar, though rarely synthesizers or drum machines.


Release.

The single release was released to U.S. Top 40/Mainstream radio on January 27, 2009. It was sent to Urban and rhythmic radio on February 25, 2009. The song was released as digital download in the United States and Canada on February 24, 2009.

Song information.

The-Dream wrote the lyrics of the song with Mariah Carey in mind already before approaching the singer. Doubtful whether she, or her Island Def Jam Music Group label boss L. A. Reid would approve the duet, The-Dream started spreading news of the duet in various interviews. Reid was reportedly irritated by the producer's cunning move, but finally gave Carey permission to record it after she stated her interest in the song. 'My hunch was right, I just spoke it into existence.', commented The-Dream.

Critical reception.

Reviews of the song have been positive. "Billboard" magazine gave it a positive review saying it "may rewrite the history books" as they praised Carey's vocal performance saying "she relates wholeheartedly to the lyric, giving a gutsy, husky performance at the climax." In its review of "Love vs. Money", "Delusions of Adequacy" stated that "There are slices of spicy, bumping R&B, like the Mariah Carey-featured, 'My Love', all-encompassing, confidence, laid-back jams like Mr. Yeah." Slant Magazine said: "'My Love', a ballad featuring a surprisingly restrained Carey jumping through Nash's hoops with all the docility of a tamed lion." PopMatters stated that "'My Love' takes the slow jam feel of "Rockin' That Shit" and puts Mariah Carey over it."

Music video.

The music video was shot in Los Angeles on Saturday, January 31 and was directed by Carey's then-husband Nick Cannon. The one-block stretch of South Pecan Street was closed to traffic and promptly at 3:30pm, the video shooting commenced with a scene showing Carey on a house porch singing.  The video starts with Carey and The-Dream in the kitchen talking about unpaid bills. He then storms out and is seen in a penthouse singing. Later in the video, Carey is seen cooking, and then on a porch singing. She gets ice cream with two kids, and The-Dream sees her and picks her up. During various parts of the video, Carey is seen singing in a bed, and in a parking lot with The-Dream and other people from the area.  The music video premiered exclusively on March 9, 2009, on MTV's networks and website. Since the video's premier, it has been viewed over 140,000 times on MTV website. The music video can be seen on Yahoo! Music. It impacted BET and was on the voting list of "106 & Park" show. The music video was made available on iTunes on March 17, 2009.  It debuted at number 5 on the U.S. "Billboard" Hot Videoclip Tracks chart.

Chart performance.

The first week, "My Love" debuted at number 178 on the U.S. "Billboard" Hot Digital Songs chart, with 9,424 digital downloads sold. In its second week, the song climbed to number 73, accumulating almost 29,000 downloads, without promotion or music video. It sold more than 100,000 downloads in United States. The track debuted at number 62 on the U.S. "Billboard" Hot R&B/Hip-Hop Songs chart as the week's hot shot debut. The following week, the song climbed to number 50. It peaked at number 36. This is Carey's 47th chart entry on the R&B chart. On the U.S. "Billboard" Pop 100, the song debuted at number 90 and peaked at number 68. It debuted at number 82 on the U.S. "Billboard" Hot 100. The song marks Carey's 39th chart entry but only her third as a featured artist. She previously rode shotgun on Jadakiss’ "U Make Me Wanna," which peaked at number 21 in 2004 and also Busta Rhymes' I Know What You Want which peaked at number 3 in 2003. It also debuted at number 38 on the U.S. Mainstream R&B/Hip-Hop chart and peaked at number 25. "My Love" ringtone debuted at number 40 on the U.S. Hot RingMasters chart and it has reached number 21.  According to Mediabase, "My Love" has gathered 190,659,000 audience impressions and 25,546 total spins in the United States after the release. The track debuted at number 62 on the U.S. Hot R&B/Hip-Hop Airplay chart and it peaked at number 36. The track debuted at number 37 on the U.S. "Billboard" Rhythmic Airplay Chart and has peaked at number 22. Carey extends her lead as the female artist with the most charted titles in the 16-year history of the Rhythmic Airplay Chart, as The-Dream's "My Love," on which she guests, opens at number 37. The song is Carey's 34th entry.

External links.

Lyrics to this song at MetroLyrics

"My Love" is the second single from The-Dream's second studio album, "Love vs. Money", featuring Mariah Carey. It was written by Carey, The-Dream, and Carlos McKinney, and produced by The-Dream and McKinney.


History.

The church was built and dedicated to the Virgin Mary, in gratitude for the ebbing of a plague of cholera in 1835. The design was by Gaetano Gherardi and construction began in 1836. The sober stone facade has flanking pilasters, and sports a clock in the tympanum (architecture) originating from the Cathedral. The interior has a Latin cross layout with seven arches flanking the nave, and bears a resemblance to the interior of the church of Santo Spirito in Florence. The earthquake of 1846 caused some damage. The church was consecrated as a parish church in 1855-1856. The church served as the main church of Livorno while the bomb-damaged duomo was rebuilt after World War II.  The second altar on the right has a painting by Enrico Pollastrini, depicting the protomartyr "St Lawrence in a catacomb dispensing Charity with the martyr St Espedito". Count Francesco De Larderei commissioned the next altarpiece depicting "St Francis of Assisi resurrecting a child in the hands of her mother", painted by Ferdinando Falchi. The next altarpiece depicts "St Peter Apostle" by Giuseppe Baldini, commissioned by Alessandro Malenchini.  Another chapel to the right of the nave houses a "Jesus resurrects the son of the widow of Naim", an early work of Pollastrini. On the altar of the crossing is a tabernacle by Ferdinando Magagnini, with an image of the "Madonna del Soccorso". In the sacristy is a canvas by Giovanni Bartolena, depicting the foundation of the church. The chapel also housed a small image of the "Addolorata", and the "Resurrection", painted on wood, from a follower of Giotto, donated by Silvestro Silvestri. The church had an chiaroscuro altarpiece depicting a "The Rescuing Madonna sends an angelic ambassador of health to the poor afflicted with cholera" by Niccola Ulacacci.  On the right of the altar is a canvas by Giovanni Costa, depicting the "Translation of the body of St Catherine of Alexandria by Angels to Mount Sinai" and by a follower of Cigoli is a "St Francis of Assisi". The altar of St Louis Gonzaga, has canvas by Angiolo Visconti, a pupil of Mussini. The guild of Fishmongers of Livorno in 1867 erected the altar of St Raphael Archangel with a canvas by Giovanni Bartolena. Cavaliere Niccola Niccolai Gamba funded the next chapel's altar, and commissioned a "Madonna of the Consolation" also by Bartolena. The last altar, commissioned by the Gazzarrini family holds a depiction of "St Vincent of Paul" by Guardassoni.

Santa Maria del Soccorso ("Our Lady of the Rescue") is a Neoclassical style, Roman Catholic, Marian votive church in central Livorno. The tall brick church facade is located scenically at the end of Via Magenta, and has a park surrounding it. In front is a Monument to Fallen Soldiers ("Caduti") in the first World War.