Plot.

One night on the streets of London, a battered young woman leaps from a carriage, followed and assaulted by two men. The protagonist Dodger, a street urchin and tosher, emerging from a sewer drain, comes to her help and chases away the attackers. This is witnessed by two gentlemen, Charlie and Henry, who take the girl to the latter's nearby home, accompanied by Dodger. A doctor treats her injuries and discovers that she was pregnant and the child is lost.  Dodger's actions impress the gentlemen, as does the genuine affection they quickly see growing between him and the girl, who is tentatively called Simplicity. Charlie gives Dodger the task of finding information on the streets about her and the carriage from which she escaped. During the next days, Dodger thwarts a robbery attempt at the offices of the "Morning Chronicle" when meeting Charlie, and causes the arrest of a murderous barber named Sweeney Todd when he tries to improve his appearance before meeting Simplicity. These incidents turn Dodger into a celebrity, which helps him gather information, but also make it impossible for him to stay anonymous. This endangers Simplicity and prompts Charlie to have her moved to the house of his rich friend Angela Burdett-Coutts.  Through their activities (and from the recovered Simplicity herself), Charlie and Dodger learn that the girl had secretly married a prince of one of the German states and thereby become an obstacle to a planned political marriage. Her husband had then done nothing against his family's decision to destroy all evidence of the unsanctioned marriage, including Simplicity herself - the vicar and two witnesses to the wedding have already been killed.  This political dimension of the case (along with his celebrity status) soon have Dodger meet some of the Empire's top politicians, such as Benjamin Disraeli and Robert Peel. He learns that the family of Simplicity's husband is pressuring the British government to return her, and that the government cannot outright refuse this demand. Additionally, a mysterious assassin known only as the Outlander is rumoured to be looking for Dodger and Simplicity.  Dodger decides that the only solution is to fake Simplicity's death. Through subterfuge, he acquires the body of a girl looking similar to Simplicity who had died through suicide, and prepares it to be found after a faked attack (during which the real Simplicity would hide) witnessed by Charlie and Disraeli during a planned excursion into London's sewers. The plan is nearly foiled when the Outlander appears, turning out to be a woman. However, with the help of Simplicity, Dodger manages to defeat the assassin and go through with the plan after all. The two young lovers hide a while in Somerset and then return to London, where Dodger has an audience with Queen Victoria and is offered work as a spy for the government, which he accepts as it suits his talents.

Setting.

According to the author's afterword, the story is set "broadly in the first quarter of Queen Victoria's reign", which would be between 1837 and 1853. However, Pratchett had to "tweak" history a little to get the combination of persons he wanted in place: specifically, Sir Robert Peel is shown as Home Secretary, which he was under Victoria's predecessor William IV.

Sequel.

In November 2013, Pratchett released "Dodger's Guide to London".

Dodger is a novel written by Terry Pratchett, set in early Victorian London, and inspired by Charles Dickens' character the Artful Dodger. The book was released on 13 September 2012 in the UK.


Club career.

Youth.

López joined Guadalajara's youth academy in 2008. He continued through Chivas Youth Academy successfully going through U-17 and U-20. Until finally reaching the first team, Benjamín Galindo was the coach promoting lópez to first team.

Guadalajara.

López made his professional debut under coach Benjamín Galindo on 3 March 2013 in a 1–1 draw against UNAM.

Correcaminos UAT (loan).

In January 2014 he went sent out on loan to second division team Correcaminos UAT for six months in order to gain experience and playing time.

Coras de Tepic (loan).

The following season, López was again sent out on loan for six months, this time to Coras de Tepic. He had a great season and helped lead the squad to the 2014 Ascenso MX Apertura final; the squad ended up losing.

Guadalajara (return).

After a great season with Coras and the Mexico national under-20 football team, López returned to Chivas and became a regular starter. On 1 March 2015 he scored his first career goal with Guadalajara in a 3–0 win against Monterrey.

Pachuca.

On June 8, 2016 Lopez was signed from Guadalajara for an undisclosed amount.

Style of Play.

Raúl López is one of Liga MX most solid and complete right-back. He is both technically gifted defensively and in attacking. He's able to do long runs on the side that many time lead with a cross and goal, and is a free kick specialist.

International career.

Mexico U-23.

On 18 September 2015, López was selected by coach Raul Gutierrez to play in the 2015 CONCACAF Men's Olympic Qualifying Championship.

Mexico national team.

On 8 November 2015, he was called up to the senior national team to replace Paul Aguilar, who was injured.

Raúl López Gómez (born 23 February 1993), also known as ""Dedos"" (English: Toes), is a Mexican professional footballer who plays for Liga MX club C.F. Pachuca. He is capable of playing as a winger or right-back.


SS career.

Krätschmer joined the SS in 1937 (SS-Nr. 324.367) and served as a guard at Dachau concentration camp with the "Totenkopf Standarte "Oberbayern"". During World War II he saw action with the 3rd SS Panzer Division Totenkopf during the Battle of France and in the Soviet Union. In 1942 he attended the SS-Junkerschule Bad Tölz, but failed his exams. At the end of the war he nonetheless became an "SS-Führer". According to historian Jens Westemeier, Krätschmer reached the rank of Untersturmführer. Westemeier also noted that Krätschmer declared himself to be a recipient of the German Cross in gold after the war.

Post-war activities.

In 1955 Krätschmer published the book "Rtterkreuzträger der Waffen-SS". Featuring a foreword by Paul Hausser, formerly one of the highest ranking commanders of the Waffen-SS, Krätschmer's work was one of the earliest attempts to shape a positive image of the Waffen-SS after the war. Historians note that Krätschmer uncritically presented perpetrators like Erich von dem Bach-Zelewski, Oskar Dirlewanger, Theodor Eicke, Curt von Gottberg and Bruno Streckenbach as honest soldiers and claimed that war criminals like Walter Reder, Fritz Knöchlein, Bernhard Siebken and Jochen Peiper were victims of victor's justice. On persons who had been actively and decisively involved in the planning and execution of the Nazi policy of extermination, like Friedrich Jeckeln, Friedrich-Wilhelm Krüger, Streckenbach and Dirlewanger, only basic biographical data were given. Jens Westemeier points to erroneous claims by Krätschmer about Jochen Peiper's career, by which Peiper's involvement with Heinrich Himmler was minimized, and to Krätschmer's denial of war crimes.  The book was first published by Plesse, a publisher with close ties to the HIAG. Later editions were published by Waldemar Schütz, a veteran of the Waffen-SS himself and an active member of the HIAG and of the extreme right wing parties "Deutsche Reichspartei" and "Nationaldemokratische Partei Deutschlands". Further editions were released by the Nation Europa-Verlag, who had taken over Schütz's publishing house in 1992, and "Pour le Mérite", an imprint of publisher Dietmar Munier, who had bought "Nation Europa" in 2009.  Krätschmer was active with the HIAG as well and became a regular contributor to the HIAG-magazine "Der Freiwillige". In 1957 he and five other former SS-men launched the so-called "Gaeta-Hilfe" ("Gaeta Help") to campaign for the release of Walter Reder who in 1951 had been sentenced to life imprisonment for the Marzabotto massacre and was imprisoned in the fortress prison of Gaeta, north of Naples.

Ernst-Günther Krätschmer (July 2, 1920 – May 26, 1984) was a German SS-officer. After World War II he took part in efforts to shape a positive image of the Waffen-SS in popular culture. He published about the Knight's Cross recipients of the Waffen-SS, contributed to the publications of the HIAG, the revisionist veterans' organisation of the Waffen-SS, and organized support for Walter Reder, who was being imprisoned in Italy for war crimes


Early life, World War I, and Russian Civil War.

A Russian, Ivan Mefodyevich Managarov was born on in the settlement of Yenakiyevo, Yekaterinoslav Governorate. The son of a Donbass coal miner, he worked at the Donetsk Mine No. 20 and the Yenakiyevo Metallurgical Plant after completing primary school. Joining the Imperial Russian Army during World War I in September 1914, Managarov was assigned to the 5th Reserve Cavalry Regiment at Balakleya as a "ryadovoy". He was then sent to the front, serving with the mounted reconnaissance platoon of the 9th Finland Rifle Regiment of the 22nd Army Corps. Managarov was wounded and invalided out in June 1915, awarded the Cross of St. George thrice for his actions.  After the February Revolution, Managarov joined the Yenakiyevo Red Guard Detachment, formed from miners, in August 1917, and was chosen as its commander due to his combat experience. Following the transfer of the Red Guards to the Red Army in February 1918, Managarov became commander of the Proletarian Regiment of the 1st Steel Rifle Division in May of that year. The division was merged with the 1st Don Soviet Cavalry Brigade in late November to form the 1st Consolidated Cavalry Division, which was renamed the 4th Cavalry Division in March 1919. With the division, Managarov continued as commander of the Proletarian Regiment before leading the 1st Ukrainian Steel Regiment from March 1919. Further reorganization of the division left him as assistant commander of its 22nd Cavalry Regiment in May. With the 4th Cavalry Division, Managarov fought on the Southern and Southeastern Fronts at Tsaritsyn and in the Don Host Oblast.  Managarov was transferred in July 1919 to serve as assistant commander of the 2nd Taman Cavalry Regiment, which joined the 2nd Stavropol Cavalry Division in November. With the regiment, he fought on the Southern, Southeastern, and Caucasian Fronts in the operations of the 9th Army and 2nd Cavalry Corps. Becoming a cadet at the 5th Cavalry School in Taganrog in July 1920, Managarov fought in the suppression of the Revolutionary Insurrectionary Army of Ukraine with a cadet detachment.

Interwar period.

Upon his graduation from the cavalry school in September 1923, Managarov was appointed a platoon commander in the 21st Cavalry Regiment of the 4th Cavalry Division, now stationed in the Petrograd Military District. Transferred to serve in the same position with the 46th Cavalry Regiment of the 8th Cavalry Division of the Turkestan Front in March 1925, he fought in the suppression of the Basmachi movement. Managarov shifted to political work when he became secretary of the party bureau of the 47th Cavalry Regiment of the 11th Cavalry Division at Troitsk in April 1926, and for further political education studied at the Military-Political Academy between 1928 and 1931. Following his graduation from the academy, he was appointed political commissar of the 7th Mechanized Regiment of the 7th Cavalry Division at Minsk.  Managarov soon returned to command positions, serving as commander and commissar of the 3d Cavalry Regiment of the 1st Cavalry Division at Proskurov from 1932, and became a colonel in 1935 when the Red Army introduced personal military ranks. After a stint as a military advisor in Xinjiang from January 1936 to June 1938, he returned to the Soviet Union to command the 8th Cavalry Division of the 1st Separate Red Banner Army of the Far Eastern Front. Promoted to "kombrig" on 20 November 1938, he became a major general on 4 June 1940 when the army introduced general officer ranks.

World War II.

After Operation Barbarossa began, Managarov remained in the Far East with the division, and was appointed commander of the 26th Rifle Corps of the army in November 1941. Sent west in January 1942 to command the 16th Cavalry Corps of the front, forming in the Moscow Military District, he took command of the 7th Cavalry Corps of the Bryansk Front on 27 March. The corps spent the rear in the front reserve and in December Managarov became commander of the 41st Army, which he led in the Rzhev-Vyazma Offensive.  In March he was transferred to command the 53rd Army, which he led for most of the rest of the war in the Belgorod–Kharkov Offensive, the Uman–Botoșani Offensive, the Jassy–Kishinev Offensive, the Budapest Offensive, and the Prague Offensive with the 2nd Ukrainian Front. He was promoted to lieutenant general on 29 August 1943. While at the observation post of the 116th Rifle Division during fighting to the northeast of Kirovograd on 5 December, Managarov was severely wounded by a German shell that killed the army artillery commander and the chief of the operations department. After recovering, he returned to command of the army on 28 February 1944. In July, front commander Army General Rodion Malinovsky evaluated Managarov as an "observant and disciplined commander" and a "brave and decisive general with strong willpower and steady character" who showed initiative in both defensive and offensive operations, but tempered this praise with the statement that Managarov exhibited "insufficient operational thinking".  During the Siege of Budapest, Managarov succeeded to command of the Budapest Operational Group, tasked with the assault on Buda, on 22 January 1945 following the wounding of Major General Ivan Afonin. The group, which was composed of the 75th Rifle and 37th Guards Rifle Corps, captured the city in brutal street fighting by 13 February. Managarov received the title Hero of the Soviet Union and was awarded the Order of Lenin on 28 April for his "skillful command of the army" and "personal courage and heroism" in the fighting to break through German defenses in the area of Hodonín and the crossing of the Morava, being promoted to colonel general on 29 May.  After the end of the war in Europe, Managarov and the 53rd Army were relocated to the Far East to participate in the Soviet invasion of Manchuria with the Transbaikal Front. During the invasion, the army broke through the Japanese border fortifications to cross the Greater Khingan, capturing Dandong and Chaoyang.

Postwar.

After the end of the war, Managarov was placed at the disposal of the Main Personnel Directorate when the army was disbanded in December 1945. After completing the Higher Academic Course at the Higher Military Academy between March 1946 and February 1947, he was appointed commander of the 4th Army of the Transcaucasian Military District. Relieved of command for health reasons in April 1949, Managarov was appointed commander of the Kiev Air Defense Region two months later. Retiring for health reasons on 5 September 1953, Managarov lived in Yalta, giving speeches to students and other organizations. His memoirs, focusing on the part of the 53rd Army in the Belgorod–Kharkov Offensive, were first published in 1975. Managarov died in Yalta on 27 November 1981, and was buried at the Old Cemetery of the city.

Awards and honors.

Managarov was a recipient of the following decorations:

Ivan Mefodyevich Managarov (; – 27 November 1981) was a Soviet Army colonel general and a Hero of the Soviet Union who held field army command during World War II.


Playing career.

As a youth, Henley played in the 2006 Quebec International Pee-Wee Hockey Tournament with the Val d'Or Foreurs minor ice hockey team.

Junior.

Henley first played midget hockey within Quebec QMAAA with the Amos Forestiers, appearing in 13 games with 5 points before he was selected by the Lewiston MAINEiacs in the third-round, 39th overall, in the QMJHL Entry Draft. He played his first junior ice hockey campaign in the 2009–10 season, collected 4 goals in 63 games as a depth forward. After two seasons with Lewiston, Henley was selected in the dispersal draft of the Maineiacs to play with his hometown team, the Val d'Or Foreurs, joining brother and Buffalo Sabres 2010 draft pick, Cedrick Henley.  In his first season in Val d'Or in 2011–12, Henley matched his previous seasons' total of 13 goals for 27 points in 63 games. Added to the leadership group in his second year with the Foreurs, Henley adjusted his role from a depth player to a two-way force with 45 points in 58 games. Prior to his final junior season, Henley attended the Washington Capitals training camp before returning to be selected as the Captain of the Foreurs for the 2013–14 season. He broke out offensively with 30 goals and 69 points in just 51 games, leading the Val d'Or Foreurs to claim their third President's Cup in franchise history and earning a place at the 2014 Memorial Cup.

Professional.

Henley was promptly signed as an undrafted free agent to a three-year entry-level contract with the Colorado Avalanche on May 29, 2014. After attending his first training camp with the Avalanche, Henley was re-assigned to begin his professional career in the 2014–15 season, with the Lake Erie Monsters of the AHL. As the Monsters' primarily fourth-line center and penalty-killer, he contributed with 6 goals and 10 points in 54 games. Henley solidified his reputation for his defensive and shutdown capabilities in the following season, improving his points totals with 8 goals and 15 points in 74 games for the Avalanche's new AHL affiliate, the San Antonio Rampage.  In the final year of his entry-level contract, Henley began the 2016–17 season, with the Rampage. On December 1, 2016, with the Avalanche depleted through injury, Henley received his first recall to the NHL. He made his debut with the Avalanche that night from the Avalanche's fourth-line and became the first player since Stefan Elliott in 2011 to score in his Avalanche debut, contributing a tying goal against Sergei Bobrovsky in an eventual 3-2 defeat to the Columbus Blue Jackets. He was later returned to the Rampage without adding to his solitary game. Having returned to the Rampage, Henley played out the season as an Alternate captain but was unable to match his previous season totals in contributing with just 3 goals and 9 points in 55 games.  On June 26, 2017, Henley as a restricted free agent, was not tendered a qualifying contract by the Colorado Avalanche, thus releasing him to free agency. Despite multiple contract offers over the summer, Henley opted to take a one-year sabbatical from professional hockey.

Samuel Henley (born July 25, 1993) is a Canadian former professional ice hockey Forward. He played as a prospect for the Colorado Avalanche of the National Hockey League (NHL).


Overview.

The four multinational battalion battle groups are based in Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania, and Poland, and led by the United Kingdom, Canada, Germany, and the United States:  The troops serving in the multinational battalion battle groups will rotate every six months and train and operate with their host nations' militaries.

Estonian multinational battalion battle group.

The United Kingdom will deploy 800 personnel from the British Army's 5 Battalion, The Rifles with Warrior infantry fighting vehicles and the Queen's Royal Hussars with Challenger 2 main battle tanks, both part of the 20 Armoured Infantry Brigade. Artillery, an armoured engineer squadron, logistics specialists and reconnaissance assets will be attached to the British contingent. The British unit will be supported by a mixed battle group from the French Army's 9 Light Armoured Marine Brigade consisting of an mechanized infantry company from the 2 Marine Infantry Regiment equipped with VBCI infantry fighting vehicles, artillery from the 11 Marine Artillery Regiment equipped with CAESAR self-propelled howitzers, and combat engineers from the 6 Engineer Regiment, with a company of Leclerc main battle tanks from the 7 Armoured Brigade's 1 Chasseurs Regiment attached for the deployment. Additionally the Danish Army will deploy a mechanized force by 2018 at the latest.  The British Army's 5 Battalion, The Rifles battlegroup, will rotate back to the United Kingdom in November 2017 and be replaced by a battlegroup formed around the 1 Battalion, Royal Welsh.  The Belgian Army contributes a 269-soldier strong Belgian Land Component armoured infantry company from the Chasseurs Ardennais with support elements and HQ staff officers.  3 brigade HQ support personnel from the Royal Danish Army and 1 strategic communications civilian from the Icelandic defence forces have also been stationed in Estonia.

Latvian multinational battalion battle group.

Canada provides the core of the NATO battle group in Latvia with around 450 mechanized infantry and supporting troops. This contingent is provided by Canada's high readiness brigade, a task that rotates annually amongst the 3 Regular Force brigades of the country. In 2017, it was provided by the 1 Canadian Mechanized Brigade Group in Western Canada which handed over to the 2 mechanized brigade in Eastern Canada in 2018, which provided the 2 Battalion, Royal Canadian Regiment, based in CFB Gagetown which rotated in to relieve the 1 Battalion, PPCLI.. In June 2018, the 2 Battalion was replaced by 1 Battalion, The Royal Canadian Regiment, based out of Petawawa Ontario. In January 2019, Canada's French-speaking mechanized brigade from Quebec, (the 5 Canadian Mechanized Brigade Group), took on the task. The commanding officer, LCol Sauvé, and most of the soldiers are, in 2019, from the 2 battalion of the Royal 22e Régiment (2R22eR) or the armoured 12 Régiment Blindé du Canada (12 RBC).. In accordancs with this rotation cycle, they will be replaced in July 2019 by the Princess Patricia's Canadian Light Infantry from the 1 mechanized brigade. Reservists from over 100 units across Canada have provided several augmentees in each roto.  Spain will dispatch a reinforced armored infantry company consisting of around 350 troops from the 11 Mechanized Infantry Brigade "Extremadura". The Spanish contingent will include 6 Leopard 2E main battle tanks from the I/16 Tank Battalion "Mérida" of the 16 Armored Regiment "Castilla" and 15 Pizarro infantry fighting vehicles from the I/6 Mechanized Infantry Battalion "Cantabria" of the 6 Infantry Regiment "Saboya".  Italy will provide an Italian Army mechanized Infantry company with Freccia and Dardo infantry fighting vehicles. Recently the Italian Army has reinforced its presence with 8 Ariete main battle tanks.  Poland an armored company with PT-91 Twardy main battle tanks.  Slovenia will deploy a Nuclear, Biological, Chemical Defense platoon of the Slovenian Armed Forces, while Albania will send a small detachment from the Albanian Land Force.  Slovakia will deploy an armored infantry company consisting of 150 troops from 11 Mechanized Battalion starting in second half of 2018. The Slovak force contribution consists of a Mechanised Company on BMP2, Command and Control Element, Military Police team, Repairs and Operation Platoon as a support element and a team of medics.  The Czech Republic provides a mortar platoon of 55 soldiers.  Albania provides 21 EOD engineer and Montenegro provides a reconnaissance squad.

Lithuanian multinational battalion battle group.

The Lithuania multinational battalion battle group will be assigned to the Mechanised Infantry Brigade Iron Wolf of the Lithuanian Army and based in Rukla.  The first German Army unit to deploy to Lithuania is the 122 Mechanized Battalion of the of the 10 Panzer Division. Equipped with Marder infantry fighting vehicles the battalion will be augmented with Leopard 2A6 main battle tanks from the 104 Tank Battalion, PzH 2000 self-propelled artillery from the 131 Artillery Battalion engineers from the 4 Armored Engineer Battalion and troops from the 4 Supply Battalion.  Additionally, the Royal Netherlands Army deploys an infantry company supported by engineers, logistics and medical personnel.  The Norwegian Army deploys a mixed armoured company from the Telemark Battalion equipped with CV9030 infantry fighting vehicles and Leopard 2A4NO main battle tanks.  The Belgian Army deploys a logistic support company, which arrived in Lithuania on 24 January 2017. The 100 men from the 18 Logistics Battalion and 29 Logistics Battalion of the Belgian Land Component with medical and military police units attached arrived by ferry in Klaipėda and contain a small detachments of troops from the Luxembourg Army.  Croatia is providing a Croatian Army mechanised infantry company equipped with Patria AMV APCs.  Since March 2018, Iceland deploys one civilian expert to the battlegroup.  The Czech Republic provides a mechanized company of 230 soldiers.

Battle Group Poland.

The Poland-based multinational battalion Battle Group, known as Battle Group Poland (BGPOL), is currently led by the United States Army's 3 ("Wolfpack") Squadron, 2 Cavalry Regiment (United States) headquartered in Rose Barracks, Germany. The Battle Group consists of a US combined-arms battalion, a Sabre Squadron from the Royal Scots Dragoon Guards, a Croatian rocket artillery battery, and an ADA company from the Romanian Army.  The Battle Group is attached to the Polish Army's 15 Mechanized Brigade and based in Orzysz located near the Suwalki Gap.

Enhanced Forward Presence (EFP) is a NATO-allied forward deployed defense and deterrence military posture in Central Europe through Poland and Northern Europe through Estonia, Latvia, and Lithuania, in order to protect and reassure NATO's Central and Northern European member states on NATO's eastern flank of their security. Following Russia's invasion of Crimea and its War in Donbass, NATO's member states agreed at the 2016 Warsaw summit to forward deploy four multinational battalion battle groups to those NATO member states perceived to be most at risk of a possible Russian attack or invasion.


History.

A castle on this site was, from the mid-13th century, the seat of the King family.  An earlier castle associated with the hereditary Forester and Coroner of the Garioch, a Blackhall, may be incorporated in the main block and south-eastern wing, but the present castle owes its form mainly to George Seton, chancellor of the University of Aberdeen, Tutor and Vicar of Meldrum who was granted the estate in 1598. A charter of 1599 to George Seton, tutor of Meldrum, mentions the erection of the lands of Barra as a free barony, while a charter of 1615, ordains that the 'fortalice of Barra' is to be the chief seat of the barony.  James Reid, an Aberdeen advocate, was in possession of the estate by 1630, and the Reid family retained it until 1754. Dame Margaret Abercrombie, the wife of John Reid (who was made a baronet in 1703), refitted parts of the house; she may be responsible for the fireplace in the Great Hall.  The purchaser in 1754 was John Ramsay of Melrose, a merchant trading in Russia, who added the north wing, and his descendants still own it; a Ramsay heiress married Andrew Irvine, one of the Irvines of Drum, early in the 20th century. John Ramsay preferred his estate at Straloch, and after his death in 1787 the property came to be used as a farmhouse. It was restored as a dower house, to plans by George Bennet Mitchell, in the first decade of the twentieth century.

Structure.

The plan of the castle is an unusual variation on the L-plan, with the main block of the castle lying north to south. There is a circular tower at the south-west. A D-plan tower at the south-east contains the main stair and entrance. This tower, corbelled square at the top to give a watch-room, links to a large square wing. At its north-west angle this wing has a second circular tower. The castle’s entrance is in the main re-entrant angle. The towers have conical roofs.  Running eastward from the north end of the main block there is an addition, dating from the 18th century. A wall to the east, which contains the entrance, forms the fourth side of a square court.  The buildings around the courtyard are three storeys high, built of pinned boulder rubble. The main gables are crow stepped. The drawing room, which is panelled, has a large chimneypiece, with a later one inserted in it. The first floor bedroom in the South East wing has panelling dating from the early to mid-18th century. There is a panelled sitting room in the North wing.  The castle is a category A listed building and is constructed on the site of Robert the Bruce's successful battle against John Comyn, Earl of Buchan in 1308.  The Hunterian Museum in Glasgow has a hammerstone from Barra Castle.

Paintings.

There are two paintings of the interior of the castle by James Cassie in the Aberdeen Art Gallery:

Barra Castle is an unusual L-plan tower house dating from the early 16th century, about south of Oldmeldrum, above the Lochter Burn, in the parish of Bourtie, Aberdeenshire, Scotland. It occupies the site of the Battle of Inverurie (1308), in which Robert Bruce defeated John Comyn, Earl of Buchan.


Playing career.

Since turning professional in the 2009–10 season, Smith, while within the Predators organization, was shuffled between the Milwaukee Admirals of the AHL and the Cincinnati Cyclones of the ECHL.  On July 5, 2013, Smith signed a one-year contract as a free agent with the Columbus Blue Jackets. After attending the Blue Jackets training camp he was assigned to AHL affiliate, the Springfield Falcons".  On July 2, 2014, Smith signed a one-year, two-way contract with the Boston Bruins. Smith was sent down to Providence Bruins to be a call up along with Malcolm Subban for the majority of the season.  On July 1, 2015 the Boston Bruins re-signed Smith to a one-year, two way contract. With Smith unable to earn the backup role and with the Bruins suffering a surplus of goaltenders in their system, he was assigned on loan to AHL affiliate club of the Minnesota Wild, the Iowa Wild, for the duration of the 2015–16 season on October 6, 2015. On February 6, 2016, Providence's Malcolm Subban was hospitalized after taking a puck to the throat. With Subban ruled out for 8 weeks due to this injury, Smith was recalled from his loan with Iowa Wild to provide Providence cover. In Subban's absence, Smith was a stand out for Providence, posting 13 wins in 20 games and earning his first recall to the NHL, on an emergency basis, on April 9, 2016. He was returned to the AHL for the post-season without featuring for the Bruins.  At the conclusion of the season, Smith left the Bruins organization as a free agent. On July 1, 2016, he signed a one-year, two-way contract to join the Colorado Avalanche. Smith began the 2016–17 season in the AHL with affiliate, the San Antonio Rampage. He was injured in his third game with the Rampage and missed two months of action before returning to post his first win with the Rampage in a 4–2 victory over the Tucson Roadrunners on December 17, 2016. On December 27, Smith was recalled by the Avalanche after injury to starting goaltender Semyon Varlamov, and backed up Calvin Pickard for five games before he was returned to the Rampage on January 5, 2017. With Varlamov suffering a season-ending injury, Smith was recalled on a second occasion on February 9, 2017. He made his NHL debut with the Avalanche, making 37 saves in a 3–2 defeat to the New Jersey Devils on February 14, 2017. In his third start with the Avalanche he received his first NHL win, making 34 saves in the teams 5–3 win over the Buffalo Sabres on February 25, 2017.  As a free agent in the off-season, Smith left the Avalanche to sign a one-year, two-way contract with the Carolina Hurricanes on July 1, 2017. In the following 2017–18 season, Smith was unable to add to his NHL experience, assigned to AHL affiliate, the Charlotte Checkers for the duration of the campaign. In 30 games, Smith collected 13 wins and posted a goals against average of 2.71.  At the completion of his contract with the Hurricanes, Smith became a free agent and agreed to sign a one-year AHL contract with the Bridgeport Sound Tigers on July 9, 2018. In the following 2018–19 season, Smith had collected 16 wins through 32 games for the Sound Tigers before he was signed to a two-way contract by the New York Islanders for the remainder of the year on February 24, 2019. In adding depth to the Goaltending ranks of the playoff bound Islanders, Smith would continue to play with their AHL affiliate.  On June 10, 2019, Smith as an impending free agent signed his first contract abroad, agreeing to a two-year contract with Chinese outfit, Kunlun Red Star of the KHL.

Jeremy Smith (born April 13, 1989) is an American professional ice hockey goaltender. He is currently playing with HC Kunlun Red Star of the Kontinental Hockey League (KHL). Smith was selected in the second round, 54th overall, by the Nashville Predators in the 2007 NHL Entry Draft.


Plot.

Geralt takes up a contract sent out by a noble named Olgierd von Everec, who tasks him with eliminating a giant toad monster in the sewers of Oxenfurt. While hunting the monster, Geralt runs into Shani, a medic and an old acquaintance of his, whom he has the option of romancing. Geralt then kills the toad monster, only to find it was actually a cursed Ofieri prince. The prince's guards capture Geralt with the intention of executing him. While awaiting his execution en route to Ofier, Geralt is approached by the mysterious Gaunter O'Dimm. O'Dimm helps Geralt escape, but in return, Geralt must help O'Dimm recover a debt from von Everec, who had set up Geralt knowing the toad monster was an Ofieri prince. O'Dimm brands Geralt and tells him that according to terms of his contract with von Everec, he must fulfill three of von Everec's wishes. O'Dimm disappears and a strong storm gets the boat to crash. While being handcuffed and taken as a prisoner by the Offieri, Geralt manages to escape. Geralt confronts von Everec and discovers that von Everec had obtained immortality at the cost of his emotions, giving him a "Heart of Stone". He admits to cursing the Ofieri prince since he was arranged to marry his true love, Iris, and that he wished for immortality in order to be with her. He then tells Geralt his three wishes: to entertain his brother Vlodimir for one night, to get revenge on the Borsodi family by obtaining Maximilian Borsodi's house, and to obtain the violet rose he had given to Iris. O'Dimm tells Geralt that the three tasks are meant to be impossible, as Maximilian Borsodi's house is kept in a highly secure vault, and both Vlodimir and Iris have been dead for years, but despite that, he agrees to assist Geralt.  With O'Dimm's help, Geralt allows Vlodimir's spirit to possess his body for one night, allowing him to attend a wedding party and fulfilling the first wish. O'Dimm banishes Vlodimir when the task is done, implying that he has powerful magic. Geralt then participates in a heist to steal Maximilian Borsodi's house from its vault and finds that it contains a will that would grant the entire Borsodi fortune to charity, fulfilling von Everec's revenge and second wish. To obtain Iris' rose, Geralt enlists the help of two demonic entities that resemble a cat and a dog to gain access to a supernatural realm where he witnesses von Everec and Iris' past. There, he learns that due to his "Heart of Stone," von Everec could not genuinely love Iris, and she died neglected and unhappy. Geralt, based on the player's choice, can either obtain the rose from Iris' spirit in order to free her from being "pinned" into the world or let the rose remain with her. Either way, Geralt fulfills von Everec's last wish and goes to meet with him. Along the way, he learns that O'Dimm is, in fact, an ancient entity of pure evil that relishes tricking people into trading away their souls in return for granting wishes that, unknown to the recipients, contain harmful side effects. When Geralt meets with von Everec, the three wishes are fulfilled, and O'Dimm arrives to collect von Everec's soul.  At this point, Geralt has the option of allowing O'Dimm to take von Everec's soul or intervening to save von Everec. If Geralt does nothing, O'Dimm kills von Everec, takes his soul, and rewards Geralt with one wish. If Geralt intervenes, he challenges O'Dimm by wagering his own soul to save von Everec. After Geralt solves O'Dimm's riddle, O'Dimm is forced to release both Geralt and von Everec from their pacts. Von Everec, now mortal again, regains his emotions and immediately feels regret for his past actions and mistakes. He gives Geralt his family sword and promises to start a new life free from O'Dimm's control.

Release.

On 7 April 2015, CD Projekt announced two expansion packs for ""—the first expansion being "Hearts of Stone" and the second being "". "Hearts of Stone" was released on 13 October 2015.

Reception.

"Hearts of Stone" received positive reviews from critics, with all three platforms garnering "generally favorable reviews", according to the review aggregator website Metacritic. The game scored a 9/10 from reviewers at both "IGN" and "GameSpot".

The Witcher 3: Wild Hunt – Hearts of Stone is the first expansion pack for the 2015 video game "". Developed by CD Projekt Red, "Hearts of Stone" was released for Microsoft Windows, PlayStation 4, and Xbox One on 13 October 2015. The expansion follows Geralt of Rivia coming in contact with a mysterious man known as Gaunter O'Dimm, and his connections to Olgierd von Everec, a cursed nobleman.


Overview.

The first train opened on May 4, 2014, and travels on the Gyeongui Line, in South Korea's northwest, running from Seoul Station to Dorasan Station. The train crosses the Imjingang Railroad Bridge on the Imjin River and arrives in Paju, Gyeonggi close to the DMZ. The North Korean city of Kaesong, where the defunct Kaesong industrial park is located, is away. At the Imjingang Station passengers must debark for an identification check and head count because Dorasan is the only train station located within the civilian-restricted area.  The DMZ train ended a four-year break of passenger service to Dorasan Station, started in April 2002 under the Sunshine Policy, and suspended by the Ministry of National Defense in 2010 after a person attempted crossing the DMZ into North Korea. The station is from Pyongyang and from Seoul and a sign there reads, "This is not the last station from the South, but the first station toward the North". Some tourist activities at the final stop are bus and walking tours to the Dorasan Peace Park, the Third Tunnel, and the Dora Observatory.  The second route opened on August 1, 2014, and travels on the Gyeongwon Line northeast from Seoul Station to Baengmagoji Station, in Cheorwon County, Gangwon-do. It is the last station currently open on that line, followed by the now closed Woljeong-ri Station in the DMZ, where visitors may tour, and Wonsan Station, now located in North Korea, where trains used to arrive from Seoul in the early 20th century, but stopped after Korea's division. Some other off-train tour visits are White Horse Hill and Cheorwon Peace Observatory.  The train has three themed cars: "Peace Car" with a rusty steam train motif symbolizing the separation of the Korean peninsula, "Harmony Car", with paintings of red and blue figurines holding hands, and "Love Car" with paintings of adults and children from across the globe, also, holding hands. Inside the cars, ceilings are covered with pinwheels, and walls display photographs of the DMZ, with themes of war, trains, and ecology.

Reception.

Soon after the opening of the first route to Dorasan Station, on June 11, 2014, Song In-geol of The Hankyoreh reported ridership of around 10,000 for the first month, and the trip's significance, "...for South Koreans who moved here from the North, it is the road home, as well as memory lane; for young people and families, it is a way to experience the separation of the peninsula; for visitors from overseas, it is a journey motivated by curiosity".  In July 2017, BBC News journalist Steve Evans called it "one of the most bizarre train journeys in the world", and said, "It is a political journey, it is designed to make the point that the train goes and can go no further".

Operations.

Western - Gyeongui Line  Eastern - Gyeongwon Line

Suspension.

On April 1, 2019, the eastern service was suspended due to construction of the new double tracked & electrified alignment of the Gyeongwon Line between Dongducheon station and Yeoncheon station. The eastern service is expected to resume when construction on the line is completed.  On October 2, 2019, the western service was suspended due to concerns about an outbreak of African swine fever, as requested by Paju City. It is unknown when the western service will resume.

DMZ Train (aka Peace Train) ) is a South Korean excursion train operated by Korail. The train began operations in 2014 and transports tourists from Seoul to train terminals closest to the Korean Demilitarized Zone.


History.

The property, one of the earliest Z-plan castles in the North East, has been owned by members of the Ogilvy, Gordon, Lyon, Buchan and Grant families.  In 1545 George Gordon purchased the land from the Earl of Huntly, and the castle was built before he died in 1575. Two wings were built to the west in 1679, while the original entrance was replaced. The castle was acquired by Alexander Gordon in 1713 and he remodelled it, including first-floor rooms formed from the hall which have since been removed. An interesting wall painting of a woman playing the lute was among paintings discovered during this restoration. The work included introducing bolection-moulded chimney-pieces and coved ceilings.  Thomas Buchan of Auchmacoy bought the Beldorney estate in 1807 from Charles Gordon of Wardhouse, the last of the line of Gordons of Beldorney. Buchan sold the castle and estate to Sir William Grant, Master of the Rolls and MP for Banffshire. On his death it passed to his brother, Major John Grant of Dawlish, Devon.  In 1830 a north wing was added. Subsequently there has been restoration work in 1890, remodelling other floors under the supervision of Alexander Marshall Mackenzie, and in the early 1980s.

Structure.

The main block of the castle lies north to south. At the north-west angle is a smaller square tower, which contains the main stair, named the Dog Tower, and having a dog finial.  At the south-east angle is a large drum tower, which has a rounded gable. The original entry was in the re-entrant angle with the square tower.  The basement, which contains a kitchen and two cellars, is vaulted. From one of the cellars – the wine-cellar – a mural stair led to the Hall. Fragments of the painting of the Hall ceiling survive. It appears that the second floor also had a Hall, and a tower room. There is a mural stair in the turret in the re-entrant angle of the south gable; this gave access to the second floor room and the third-floor watch-room.  The two 1679 wings to the west enclose a courtyard, the entrance to which is an arched gateway, marked with the initials of John Gordon and Anne, and the date, on the inner side. It has renaissance detail, a semi-circular tympanum above entablature with ball finials. The south wing is a single storey high.  The replacement entrance, decorated with an ogee-headed panel containing a winged angel’s head, is in the centre of the west face.  It is a category A listed building.

Beldorney Castle is a Z-plan castle dating from the mid-16th century, about two miles south of Glass, in hilly country in the valley of the Deveron, in Aberdeenshire, Scotland.


Biography.

Early life and education.

Fu Xiqiu was born in 1968 in Shandong province and started studying English literature at Liaocheng University in 1987. During his time at university, Fu engaged in political activism and started the process of joining the Communist Party of China, with the intention of becoming a government official. His American professors would preach to students from a pocket bible after class. Fu organized a group of students from his university to participate in the Tiananmen Square protests of 1989 in Beijing. When he returned to Shandong, he was investigated but not detained, and ultimately decided not to join the Party. That year, an American English teacher gave him a biography of Xi Shengmo, a 19th-century Chinese Christian convert. After reading the book, Fu decided to convert to Christianity as well.  After completing his studies, Fu taught English at the Central Party School in Beijing while his wife Bochun Cai (b. 1966) studied at the Renmin University of China. The couple evangelized widely, starting a campus church and secret bible school in Fangshan District, Beijing. On May 9, 1996, the couple was detained for running a Christian training center in Fangshan District, Beijing and for illegal evangelizing. On July 8, they left detention in good health, having been reportedly treated well but warned not to engage with foreigners. Authorities said that Fu could keep his job and stay in the dormitory at the Communist Party school, and would not have to pay any fines.

Emigration and activism.

That same year, Fu's wife became pregnant in violation of the one-child policy. Rather than face the penalty, they emigrated to the then-British colony of Hong Kong, where Cai gave birth to Daniel Fu (). The National Association of Evangelicals successfully lobbied the Clinton White House to get Fu political asylum in the United States, where he immigrated in 1997, settling in Philadelphia and attending nearby Westminster Theological Seminary. In July 1998, Fu and Cai moved to neighboring Glenside, Pennsylvania to live with another Chinese family in a house purchased by an anonymous donor. They adopted the names "Bob" and "Heidi" at this time.  Fu founded the evangelical China Aid Association in 2002 in response to a crackdown on the Hubei-based unauthorized "South China Church" (). He and other Christians raised enough money for 58 lawyers for the defense, seeding prominent stories about the trial in "The New York Times" and "The Wall Street Journal". The legal charge of "undermining enforcement of the law" was dropped due to insufficient evidence. China Aid enlists thousands of volunteers in China who are available to carry out activities called on by Fu through the internet, telephone, and letters. It also pays the salaries of 30 defense lawyers.  Fu has also taught at Oklahoma Wesleyan University.

Midland operations.

After being invited to visit Midland, Texas by a fellow pastor, he moved his operations there in 2004. According to "The New York Times", Fu maintains "close association with Republicans and evangelical Christians". He has prayed in English in American churches, and has cultivated contacts in evangelical groups in Texas. In 2008, Fu arranged for Republican House representative Frank Wolf to meet with an unauthorized house church leader in China. In 2009, Fu persuaded the Bush National Security Council and State Department to grant asylum to the family of Gao Zhisheng, a lawyer known for his defense of house Christians and other sensitive groups.  In May 2012, Fu translated legal activist Chen Guangcheng's appeal to travel to the US in a special congressional hearing convened by representative Chris Smith (R-NJ). Fu criticized President Barack Obama of "abandoning" Chen for his handling of the case.  In America, New York University (NYU) technicians mistakenly announced that they had found spyware installed on an iPad and iPhone that Fu had given to Chen via his wife Heidi Cai. Jerome A. Cohen of NYU accused Fu of giving Chen a trojan horse "enabl[ing Fu] to monitor his communications secretly", although Fu denied this, saying his technicians only installed Skype for Chen. Cohen and NYU later rescinded these accusations, which they said were based on a misunderstanding of the technology, and clarified that iPad and iPhone given to Mr. Chen by China Aid did not contain spyware.

Bob Fu () is a Chinese American pastor. He is the founder and president since 2002 of China Aid, which provides legal aid to Christians in China. Bob Fu was born in Shandong in 1968 and studied English literature at Liaocheng University in the 1980s. He converted to Christianity after an American teacher gave him a biography of a Chinese Christian convert. After his studies, Fu taught English at the Central Party School in Beijing while participating in the house church movement. In 1996, Bob Fu and his family emigrated to Hong Kong and then the United States, after his wife became pregnant without the government permission to have a child. Fu founded the China Aid Association in Philadelphia in 2002, but moved its headquarters to Midland, Texas in 2004. Fu is also known for his role in helping negotiate barefoot lawyer Chen Guangcheng's immigration to the United States; in this sense, has been described as a "liaison" between oppressed groups in China and foreign governments or media that can help them.


Education.

Joseph DeSimone received his BS in Chemistry in 1986 from Ursinus College in Collegeville, Pennsylvania and his Ph.D. in Chemistry in 1990 from Virginia Tech in Blacksburg, Virginia.

Career.

DeSimone is a member of the National Academy of Medicine (2014), National Academy of Sciences (2012), and the National Academy of Engineering (2005). He is also a member of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences (2005). In the 1990s he developed an environmentally friendly manufacturing process that relies on supercritical carbon dioxide instead of water and bio-persistent surfactants for the creation of fluoropolymers or high-performance plastics, such as Teflon. In 2002 DeSimone, along with Dr. Richard Stack, a cardiologist at Duke University, co-founded Bioabsorbable Vascular Solutions (BVS) to commercialize a fully bioabsorbable, drug-eluting stent. BVS was acquired by Guidant in 2003. The technology is now marketed by Abbott Vascular for the treatment of coronary artery disease.  In recent years DeSimone’s academic research group has been heavily focused on learning how to bring the precision, uniformity and mass production techniques associated with the fabrication of nanoscale features found in the microelectronics industry to the nanomedicine field for the fabrication and delivery of vaccines and therapeutics for the treatment and prevention of diseases. Developed in the DeSimone laboratory, the PRINT technology (Particle Replication in Non-Wetting Templates) is central to the group's work.  DeSimone’s academic laboratory and the PRINT technology became a foundation for the Carolina Center for Cancer Nanotechnology Excellence funded by the National Cancer Institute. DeSimone also co-founded Liquidia Technologies in 2004 based on PRINT.  Currently, DeSimone is on sabbatical leave from the University of North Carolina and is the co-founder and CEO of American technology company and manufacturer, Carbon, which develops printers with the Continuous Liquid Interface Production (CLIP) technology.

Awards and honors.

DeSimone was awarded the National Medal of Technology and Innovation, the highest honor in the U.S. for achievements related to technological progress, by President Barack Obama at the White House in May 2016. In 2017, Dr. DeSimone received the 22nd Annual Heinz Award in Technology, the Economy, and Employment.  He is also the recipient of the 2015 Kabiller Prize in Nanoscience and Nanomedicine; the 2014 IRI Medal; the 2014 Dickson Prize in Science; the 2014 American Chemical Society Kathryn C. Hach Award for Entrepreneurial Success; the 2012 Walston Chubb Award for Innovation, presented by Sigma Xi, The Scientific Research Society, to honor and promote creativity in science and engineering; the 2010 AAAS Mentor Award in recognition of his efforts to advance diversity in the chemistry PhD workforce; the 2009 NIH Director's Pioneer Award; the 2009 North Carolina Award, the highest honor the State of North Carolina can bestow to recognize notable achievements of North Carolinians in the fields of Literature, Science, the Fine Arts and Public Service; the 2008 Tar Heel of the Year by the Raleigh News & Observer; the 2007 Collaboration Success Award from the Council for Chemical Research; the 2005 American Chemical Society Award for Creative Invention; the 2002 John Scott Award presented by the Board of Directors of City Trusts, Philadelphia, given to "the most deserving" men and women whose inventions have contributed in some outstanding way to the "comfort, welfare and happiness" of mankind; the 2002 Engineering Excellence Award by DuPont; the 2002 Wallace H. Carothers Award from the Delaware Section of the American Chemical Society; and the 2000 Oliver Max Gardner Award from the University of North Carolina. In 2019, DeSimone received the Wilhelm Exner Medal in "Polymer Manufacturing".

Joseph M. DeSimone (born May 16, 1964) is an American chemist, inventor and entrepreneur, best known as the 2008 recipient of the $500,000 Lemelson–MIT Prize and as the co-founder and CEO of Carbon, an American technology company.


Education.

Solomon received an Associate of Sydney Technical College, (equivalent to a Diploma of Chemistry) in 1950 and went on to complete a Bachelor of Science (BSc (Hons)) in 1952 from the New South Wales University of Technology (now the University of New South Wales), a Master of Science (MSc) from the same university in 1955, and a PhD from the University of New South Wales in 1959 with a thesis entitled "Studies on the Chemistry of Carbonyl Compounds". In 1968 he was awarded a DSc from the University of New South Wales for his thesis "Studies on the Chemistry of Coating Compounds". He also received an Honorary Doctorate in Applied Science from the University of Melbourne in 2005, one of only seven awarded in the University's history.

Career.

Solomon joined British Australian Lead Manufacturers Pty Ltd (BALM, which later became Dulux Australia Ltd) as a trainee chemist in 1946 at the age of 16. It was here that he developed his lifelong interest in polymers, and made important observations that the current theories on polymers did not match with what was actually happening in the industrial processes.  Solomon's strong interest in polymer research drew him to join CSIRO as a Senior Research Scientist in the Division of Applied Mineralogy in 1963. In 1970 Solomon transferred to the Division of Applied Chemistry where he established the Polymer Research Group, before going on to become Chief of the Division of Applied Organic Chemistry during a reorganisation in 1974, a position he held for the next 17 years.  In 1990 he accepted an invitation to become the ICI Australia – Masson Professor and Head of the School of Chemistry at the University of Melbourne. Here he started the Polymer Science Group, his third internationally acclaimed polymer research group. After ‘retirement’ in 1995 David took up the position of Honorary Professorial Fellow in the Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering at the University, moving the Polymer Science Group, to which he still acts as Senior Advisor. In 2015 he was awarded the title of Professor Emeritus at the University of Melbourne.  Solomon is often referred to as the father of polymer research in Australia, having established three internationally acclaimed polymer research groups in industry (Dulux, 1960), in Australia's peak scientific research organisation, CSIRO (1970) and at the University of Melbourne (1990).

Research achievements.

Solomon is well known for several of his research achievements. In particular his work on free radical polymerization revolutionized the field through the development of the first living free-radical polymerization technique; Nitroxide Mediated Polymerization (NMP). He also led the team, and was principle inventor of the world's first polymer banknote.

Free Radical Polymerization.

Solomon's ground-breaking work on free radical polymerization was initiated through observations made in industry. For example, anomalies that were not explained by polymerization theory at the time, and the observation that during the production of polymer/mineral composites some batches underwent spontaneous combustion. This led to discoveries that had significant influence on the future directions of radical chemistry. It led to the development of Nitroxide Mediated Polymerization (NMP), the first example of a controlled, or living, radical polymerization technique. This research also produced early examples of what was to become known as RAFT, or Reversible addition−fragmentation chain-transfer polymerization. Solomon's work rewrote the theory on free radical polymerization, and he was co-author with Graeme Moad on the definitive reference book: The Chemistry of Radical Polymerization (Moad & Solomon, 2006). Previous theories attempted to explain radical polymerization on the basis of thermodynamic stability controlling structure. Solomon's work showed that kinetics was the major factor in controlling the way polymer chains formed.

Polymer banknotes.

Following a major forgery of Australia's newly introduced $10 notes in 1967, Solomon was invited to a meeting about how to make more secure bank notes. Given his background in polymer science Solomon's idea was to print the notes on a plastic substrate rather than the traditional paper, and incorporate optically variable devices – defined as a device that changes its appearance when something external is done to the note.  Solomon went on to lead the research team and was the principal inventor of the world's first polymer banknote, with the first note issued into circulation in 1988: the Australian bicentennial $10. He has chronicled the history of the development of polymer banknotes in "The Plastic Banknote: From Concept to Reality", co-authored with Tom Spurling (published in 2014).

Selected honours.

Solomon has been the recipient of numerous prestigious awards throughout his career. A selected list is outlined below.

Professional societies.

Solomon's considerable contributions to science have been recognised by his peers through election to the following Academies: Solomon has always been active in these societies, in particular the Royal Australian Chemical Institute (RACI). In 2001 the RACI established the Solomon Lecture Series in recognition of his contribution to the field and to the RACI. A biennial series presented by an invited leading international polymer researcher, this Lecture Series recognizes the importance of promoting the exchange of ideas and expertise and to expose young scientists to the best in their field internationally.

Publications.

Solomon is co-author of nine books including an historical account of the development of plastic banknotes (The Plastic Banknote: From Concept to Reality) and several text books (incl: The Chemistry of Radical Polymerization). He is also co-author of over 250 journal papers and 45 patents.

David Henry Solomon (born 19 November 1929 in Adelaide, South Australia) is an Australian polymer chemist. He is best known for his work in developing Living Radical Polymerization techniques, and polymer banknotes.


Childhood, education and career in the German Reich.

Kronstein came from a respected and wealthy Jewish family of Karlsruhe. He did his military service in the First World War and suffered a severe wound. Later he began studying law in Heidelberg and Berlin. Kronstein received his doctorate in 1924 from Martin Wolff in Berlin. He then worked as a lawyer in Mannheim, where he founded in 1931 together with Wilhelm Zutt the law firm "Kronstein Zutt" and specialized in patent law. Until 1935 he was still able to work as a lawyer in Germany, inter alias in the settlement of the sale of Jewish companies ("Aryanization").

Exile in the US.

At the end of 1935, Kronstein emigrated with his family to the United States and first tried to work in New York City as a consultant on foreign law. He studied law in New York from 1936 (Columbia University) with a Bachelor of Laws degree. In 1939 he moved to Washington D.C., graduated in 1940 at the Georgetown University Law School in Washington a second time, made in 1941 the "bar exam" for international law and became "Professor of Comparative Law."  Since 1936, Kronstein worked as a freelancer for the U.S. Department of Justice as a translator and appraiser. After gaining US citizenship, he was appointed a permanent Special Attorney in 1941. Kronstein worked initially or predominantly for the Claims Division, but had reservations about having to confiscate German assets after America entered the war against Germany. Because of his special knowledge of patent law and patent cartels and because of his background being from Germany Kronstein served in the Ministry of Justice as a cartel expert. To do this, in 1941/1942 he moved to the Antitrust division under Thurman Arnold. From the beginning on, he did important work for this division: In front of the Senate Commission on Patent Affairs Kronstein suggested that the cartelized economic structure of Germany had facilitated Hitler the seizure of power. In the Department of Justice, he was also a member of the so-called Antimonopoly Committee, which dealt with the reconstruction of Europe after the war.  From 1946 Kronstein taught as a full professor at Georgetown University in Washington, D.C.

Later career in the Federal Republic of Germany.

From 1951 to 1965, Kronstein taught at the Law Faculty of Johann Wolfgang Goethe University Frankfurt am Main. In the years 1956/57 he officiated there as a full professor of commercial law.  In 1967, Kronstein was awarded the Federal German Cross of Merit.

Heinrich David Kronstein (September 12, 1897 in Karlsruhe – September 26, 1972 in Frankfurt) was a German lawyer and university professor. From late 1935 to early 1951, he lived in the U.S. and was an advisor in cartel matters and on the German question after WW II.


Geography.

Kalugumalai is located at 9.152962, 77.704386. It has an average elevation of 105 metres (344 feet). It is strategically located in between Kovilpatti (20 km from kalugumalai) and Sankarankoil (19 km from kalugumalai) and served as ancient trade route from Kovilpatti to courtallam and sengottai. The village has two parts Kazhugumalai and South Kazhugumalai or kottai kalugumalai

History.

The hill Kalugumalai ("Hill of the vulture"). Earlier it was known as "Araimalai" or "Thirumalai". Even before that it was referred as Nechchuram and Tiruneccuram. Some of the epigraphies mentions that there was a palace for the pandya official called Ettimannan. At the foot of the Kalugumalai a large urn-burial cemetery was found. However hundreds of urns were destroyed during limestone quarrying. Opposite to Kalugasalamoorthy Temple there is a small palace which served as local residence of Raja of Ettaiyapuram.  The place was the scene of Kalugumalai riots of 1895, when ten people were killed in caste clashes.

Demographics.

India census, Kalugumalai had a population of 14,834. Males constitute 49% of the population and females 51%. Kalugumalai has an average literacy rate of 70%, higher than the national average of 59.5%: male literacy is 78%, and female literacy is 63%. In Kalugumalai, 9% of the population is under 6 years of age.

Worship Places.

There are three important Temples in Kalugumalai and a huge Church.  There are many rock relief sculptures dating to the 8th-9th century A.D. in the area, including the rock cut image of Bhagawan Parshwanatha flanked by two Yaksha, as well as many other rock cut images of other tirthankaras.  The area is known for the Jain cave temple and architecture. There are a number of Jain images with labels in vattezhuthu script. The epigraphs mentions the name of the donors,of the figures, of the provisions made for the offerings, etc. The main deity of the hill was called "Araimalai Alwar". The other figures were caused to be made by the followers of Jain faith from a number of villages nearby. The sculptures were caused to be made in memory of the departed souls. There are approximately one hundred and fifty relief sculptures. Among the donors were the carpenters, potters, smiths, cultivators and other workers. A number of others were high ranking persons bearing the titles of Enadi, Etti and Kavidi. Provisions are also recorded for expounding Jain siddhanta a Gunasagara bhattara a great Jain ascetic lived here. The sculptures and the epigraphs are to be assigned to the reign of Pandya, Parantaka Nedunjadaiya (A.D. 768-800). From different epigraphies it is found that they belong to different era and the place became extinct after the 13th century due to loss of Patronage after Pandya kings.  Vettuvan Koil () is a Hindu temple built between the 8th and 9th century. Kalugumalai is a priceless unfinished Pandyan monolith cave temple, part of the iconographic richness that helped chronicle the burgeoning richness of the Tamil culture, traditions, and sacred centres containing religious art. About 7.5 meter of the mountain is excavated in a rectangular fashion and in the middle the temple is sculpted from a single piece of rock. The carvings reflect the southern temple style of the Pandya era. Only the top portion of the temple is completed. The temple has an entrance and centre hall for the main deity. In the later days Ganesha's idol is kept and worshipped. At the top of the temple beautiful sculpture of Uma Maheswarar, Dakshinamoorthy, Vishnu and Brahma can be found. This temple is of same style of Kailasnath temple in Ellora, structural shrines at Pattadakal in Bijapur, monolithic temples of Pallavas at Mamallapuram showing the close political relationship between Pallavas, Chalukyas and Rashtrakutas. There are around 122 sculptures in the rock cut temple. The intricately carved statues are from fine granite. here another one temple is famous Sri Ananthamma kovil  The main deity of this temple is Murugan. The main deity hall and entrance hall is excavated inside the foot hills of kalugumalai in the south western corner of the hill and with external structural additions. The temple has many aesthetic sculptures.The temple dates to the 18th century. The main deity is Lord Murugan with his wife Deivanai. The temple complex also has shrines of Shiva, Akilandeswari, Vinayakar and many lesser deities. Our Lady Of Lourdes Church is the biggest Roman Catholic Church in Vicinity. This church is more than 100 years old and is adorned with two tall steeples in the front entrance of this church. This church has over 3000 members who gather here every week for prayers and are also actively involved in community activities. A primary school named as St. Mary's Primary School managed by this church is located adjacent to it.  Other than these temples there is Vinayaga temple at the top of the Kalugumalai hill and Ayyanar temple on the way to Jaina Abode.

Trade.

Kalugumalai, along with surrounding villages, specializes in the manufacturing of safety matches. There are hundreds of small scale industries involved in this trade, supported by the dry climatic condition and skilled labor available. Grocery business is another one doing in large scale.

Kalugumalai is a panchayat town in Kovilpatti Taluk of Thoothukudi district in the Indian state of Tamil Nadu. Kalugumalai is 21 km and 22 km from Kovilpatti and Sankarankovil respectively. The place houses the rockcut Kalugasalamoorthy Temple, monolithic Vettuvan Koil and Kalugumalai Jain Beds.


History.

Early history.

The village was listed in the Domesday Book as part of the manor of Boynton. An early thirteenth century charter from nearby Dodnash Priory was the first to mention it by its current name, derived from the Norman-French "capel", meaning 'chapel'.  Tentative evidence of Bronze Age habitation has recently been discovered just outside the boundaries of the village, and well-documented human settlement in the area dates from the Roman period. Evidence of a villa was found during construction of council houses on Windmill Hill at the west end of the village in the 1930s, along with remains of a kiln nearby, and smaller artefacts such as coins and tiles.  A fortified house was built in nearby Little Wenham between 1260 and 1290. It is believed to be one of the first examples of fortified houses made from English brick.  A railway station was built as part of the Hadleigh branch line in 1847. The station was closed to passengers in 1932 but freight services continued until 1965, when the line was closed as a result of the Beeching Axe.  The village was birthplace in 1859 of Lieutenant-General Sir Edwin Alderson, first commander of the Canadian Expeditionary Force of World War I.

20th century.

During the second World War, the village was frequented by American airmen from nearby RAF Raydon. Men from the village were involved in two local Auxiliary Units, Wenham and Capel, part of the 202nd battalion of the Home Guard. The Wenham unit was based at a dugout under Jermyn's Farm to the north of the village, and a dugout a short distance away housed their supply of explosives. The Capel unit was based in woods near Bentley; the three dugouts at their disposal housed ammunition, a field telephone, and their supplies of gelignite and plastic explosive. The explosives were destroyed in-situ after the end of hostilities because they were deemed too dangerous to move.  In 1960, initial plans were drawn up for significant housing development and mains sewerage in the village – the latter was needed following the introduction of mains water in 1951. These were finalised by 1963, initiating an expansion of the village from some 632 people in 1961 to a peak of 3,176 people in 1991. The new houses were built with an open-plan design: front gardens were not to be enclosed, and grass verges were to separate fences from the pavement. Plans for the village shopping centre were approved in 1974.

Facilities.

Most facilities are located in the centre of the village, including the Co-Op and independent shops such as a bakery, hairdresser, and a newsagent. There is also a post office and doctors' surgery with a pharmacy.

Entertainment.

Capel's only pub – the White Horse, – and a Jet petrol station are at the east end of the village. A second pub – the Plough – closed in 1996.  Capel also has a bar that can be found in the heart of the village near the shops attached to the village hall, providing entertainment such as tribute acts, Bingo and an annual Bar Olympics.

Recreation.

There is a large playing field which hosts football pitches, tennis courts, a cricket ground and a bowling green. There is also a children's playground at the same site. A fireworks display is held here each year on the 5 November. The pitches are home to Capel Plough F.C. who play in the Suffolk and Ipswich Football League. The village hall and the attached bar are used by many societies. These are maintained by the Capel Community Trust  There is a thriving Scout Group based in the Village, who have their own HQ and close to 100 members (correct at January 2013).

Education.

There is a primary school in the village. Most children then go to East Bergholt High School, although some go to selective or private secondary schools in nearby Ipswich or Colchester.

Religious sites.

The village is in the Anglican parish of Capel St. Mary with Lt Wenham and Gt Wenham. The parish church is St Mary Virgin and Mother. Construction started in the early 13th Century, but most of the building dates from the 15th Century. However, the churchyard was found to contain Roman cremation urns when digging took place for a northern extension in the late 1990s.  There is also a Methodist church and a Community church in the village. Roman Catholic services used to be conducted in St Mary's, but declining numbers of priests meant these became unfeasible. The nearest Catholic Services are either in Ipswich or Brantham  All churches are very active and work closely together.

Transport.

Capel sits next to the A12 road, which links the village to Ipswich and Colchester. There is also a local bus service.

Demography.

According to the Office for National Statistics, at the time of the United Kingdom Census 2001, Capel St Mary had a population of 2,877. The 2001 population density was, with a 100 to 94.9 female-to-male ratio. Of those over 16 years old, 19.1% were single (never married), 59.4% married, and 5.5% divorced. Capel St Mary's 1,105 households included 17.1% one-person, 58.1% married couples living together, 4.2% were co-habiting couples, and 6.5% single parents with their children. Of those aged 16–74, 19.1% had no academic qualifications, much lower than the averages of Babergh (27.8%) and England (28.9%).  At the 2001 UK census, 78.8% of Capel St Mary's residents reported themselves as being Christian, 0.2% Hindu, 0.2% Jewish, and 0.1% Buddhist. The census recorded 13.8% as having no religion, 0.2% had an alternative religion and 6.8% did not state their religion.

Economy.

According to the 2001 UK census, the industry of employment of residents aged 16–74 was 16.2% retail and wholesale, 13.3% property and business services, 11.4% transport and communications, 10.9% finance, 9.7% manufacturing, 8.1% health and social work, 6.9% education, 6.1% construction, 5.7% public administration, 5.3% hotels and restaurants, 1.4% agriculture, 1.3% energy and water supply, and 3.8% other. Compared with national figures, Capel St Mary had a relatively high percentage of residents working in energy and water supply (0.9% nationally); transport and communications (7.0% nationally); and finance (5.1%); and a relatively low percentage working in manufacturing (17.6% nationally). Although the proportion of people in Capel St Mary was similar to the national average (1.5%), it was below the average for the borough (3.5%). The census recorded the economic activity of residents aged 16–74, 3.1% students were with jobs, 2.8% students without jobs, 6.1% looking after home or family, 2.5% permanently sick or disabled, and 1.1% economically inactive for other reasons.

Capel St. Mary – commonly known as Capel – is a village in Suffolk, England. It is about southwest of Ipswich and from Dedham Vale, a designated Area of Outstanding Natural Beauty.


History.

The first record of Elmsett comes from 995 when it was written Ylmesaeton (Ylme for Elm, Saeten for dwellers). By 1900, the village had around 16 farms and the Elmsett Mill, together employing most of the residents.  In 1932, the village made national news when Charles Westren, a farmer at Elmsett Hall, refused to pay his tithe to the church. As a result, goods were seized from the hall. This is remembered by the Tithe memorial opposite the church, on which it is inscribed (the inscription contains the spelling mistake "commerate" instead of "commemorate"):  1934. To commerate the Tithe seizure at Elmsett Hall of furniture including baby's bed and blankets, herd of dairy cows, eight corn stacks and seed stacks valued at £1200 for tithe valued at £385. The incident was one of many across the country, and the events were documented by George Orwell in "A Clergyman's Daughter".  On the night of 11–12 May 1941, during a widespread German air raid on the district, a bomb demolished a row of cottages in the village and killed 10 civilians.  Today, the village is home to numerous listed buildings, though most of its Elm trees were killed off by Dutch Elm Disease in the 1960s and 1970s. The parish contains Elmsett Park Wood, an area of Ancient Woodland classified as an SSSI. Borley's Wood, Langham Close Wood and Lucy Wood are also protected Ancient Woodland.  In 2005, Elmsett Greenlife Grove Scheme (EGGS) created a community wood near the school  There is a small grass airfield in the west of the parish.

St Peter's Church.

The parish church of St Peter is a Grade I listed building.

Elmsett is a village and civil parish in Suffolk, England. Located around three miles north-east of Hadleigh, it is in Babergh district. In 2005, it had a population of 826, reducing to 788 at the 2011 census.


Playing career.

Stock played two years with the Victoriaville Tigres of QMJHL, where he was briefly a junior teammate of Alexandre Daigle. Upon graduating junior, Stock entered St. Francis Xavier University in 1996. He was not drafted by an NHL team and signed as a free agent with the New York Rangers in 1997. Stock spent the next three seasons playing for both the Rangers and their AHL farm team, the Hartford Wolf Pack, and scored the Wolf Pack's first-ever goal on home ice at the Hartford Civic Center in 1997. Prior to 2000–01, Stock signed a free agent contract with the Montreal Canadiens. He played 20 games that year with the Canadiens before being traded to the Philadelphia Flyers for Gino Odjick. After a brief return to New York in the following offseason, Stock was claimed by the Boston Bruins in the annual waiver draft.  After two full seasons in Boston, Stock was briefly sent to their Providence farm team before being loaned to the Philadelphia Phantoms of the AHL. Stock totalled five goals, 26 points and 523 penalty minutes in 235 NHL games before being forced to retire due to an eye injury sustained during an AHL game between Springfield and Philadelphia. Stock was being loaned to the Philadelphia Phantoms at the time.

Broadcasting career.

Stock had his own show on Montreal radio called "The Stock Exchange" on Team 990. He presented sports on "Montreal News at 6" on CBMT (CBC) television on a segment named "Stock Talk". Being bilingual, he regularly appears in a francophone sports debate program on RDS, "L'Antichambre". He was also a game and studio analyst for The NHL On OLN in its first season.  Stock debuted on CBC's "Hockey Night in Canada" in 2007 as a panel member for "The Hot Stove" segment hosted by Ron MacLean. For the 2008–09 season, he was reassigned to handle the scores and highlights. In 2010, he became an in-studio analyst on HNIC alongside Kelly Hrudey.  On December 18, 2009, Stock hosted "The Intermission with Tony Marinaro and The Stock Exchange" for the final time. On February 3, 2010, Stock joined the morning show team of Chantal Desjardins and Pete Marier on CHOM-FM in Montreal. Stock left the station a year later.  Stock was a participant in the second season of the CBC's reality competition, "Battle of the Blades", partnered with Russian figure skater Violetta Afanasieva.  In 2012, Stock was featured along with Isabelle Brasseur in a TV advertisement by Depend, an incontinence product brand. With the help of these two athletes, Depend supports the Canadian Cancer Society for cancers below the waist and the BC Cancer Foundation’s Underwear Affair.  When Rogers Media acquired the national NHL rights in November 2013, in which Sportsnet produces games airing on its Rogers-owned channels and CBC Television, Stock joined Sportsnet full-time. In June 2016, Rogers Media announced that Stock was cut from his position as a "Hockey Night in Canada" host, due to financial reasons.

Personal life.

Stock currently lives in Montreal with his wife Jean Marie and their four children, Tyson, Peyton, Madigan and Avery. He is fluently bilingual.

Philip Joseph "P.J." Stock (born May 26, 1975) is a Canadian sports broadcaster and former professional ice hockey player. After retiring as a player in 2004 he hosted a radio show on Montreal station Team 990 and later became a regular member of the "Hockey Night in Canada" broadcast team until his release in 2016. Stock also occasionally participates as a panelist on the French language show "L'antichambre", broadcast on the Quebec-based RDS sports channel.


Geology.

According to the British Antarctic Survey's (BAS) aeromagnetic 1975 survey of Ceres Nunataks and nearby Astraea Nunatak, this geographical feature is rich in the igneous rocks Diorite and Tonalite as presumed by the rock samples which were observed by BAS during this survey.

Aeromagnetic Survey of Ceres Nunataks and Astraea Nunatak.

In December 1975, the British Antarctic Survey (BAS) (originally known as the Falkland Islands Dependencies Survey (FIDS)) embarked on an 8-week long survey observing the proposed theory of Ceres Nunataks and Astraea Nunatak having an aeromagnetic connection between one another. I. A. Crawford and R. W. Girdler embarked on the survey, along with other accompanists and personnel members, flying at a constant barometric altitude of approximately 1130 meters (3707 feet, with an east-west flightline separation of about 7.5 kilometers. Here, they proved that these geographical features were rich in geologic minerals which shared similar characteristics. Data was sampled at one-second intervals, which, at ground speed of approximately 240 kilometers per hour, equates to 15 data points for every kilometer covered. The total distance traveled on the surface was 2200 kilometers (1367 miles). The equipment used included a Geometrics G-803 proton precision magnetometer with both analogue and digital recording, a Bendix DRA-12 Doppler navigation system and Sperry C-12 gyro-magnetic compass, and a Bonzer radio altimeter.  Overall, the 2-month long survey was a successful event and contributed to the history of Alexander Island and the Antarctic Peninsula in itself. Former contributors to this survey include:

The Ceres Nunataks () are a group of three nunataks located immediately east of the base of Shostakovich Peninsula in southern Alexander Island, Antarctica. They were mapped by the Directorate of Overseas Surveys from satellite imagery supplied by the U.S. National Aeronautics and Space Administration in cooperation with the U.S. Geological Survey, and named by the UK Antarctic Place-Names Committee after Ceres, one of the asteroids lying between the orbits of the planets Mars and Jupiter.


Operations.

Verizon Media is a division of Verizon Communications. The company maintains dual headquarters at the former AOL and Yahoo! headquarters buildings in Manhattan, New York, and Sunnyvale, California, respectively., the company employed about 10,350 people.

History.

Verizon announced a $4.4 billion deal to acquire AOL in May 2015. The deal was an effort by Verizon to expand its technology and media offerings. The deal officially closed a month later.  A year after the completion of the AOL acquisition, Verizon announced a $4.8 billion deal for Yahoo!'s core Internet business, looking to invest in the Internet company's search, news, finance, sports, video, email and Tumblr products. Yahoo! announced in September and December 2016 two major Internet security breaches affecting more than a billion customers. As a result, Verizon lowered its offer for Yahoo! by $350 million to $4.48 billion.  The AOL deal and subsequent Yahoo! purchase were led by Verizon's management team, including Lowell McAdam (CEO), Marni Walden (EVP Product) and Tim Armstrong. Walden had been tasked with merging the two entities and delivering on the promise of moving Verizon from an analog to digital platforms business. Walden exited Verizon in 2017 and as later events revealed, the integration did not deliver the expected value. Two months before closing the deal for Yahoo!, Verizon announced it would place Yahoo! and AOL under an umbrella named Oath. The deal closed on June 13, 2017, and Oath was launched. Upon completion of the deal, Yahoo! CEO Marissa Mayer resigned. Yahoo! operations not acquired in the deal were renamed Altaba, a holding company whose primary assets are its 15.5 percent stake in Alibaba Group and 35.5 percent stake in Yahoo! Japan. After the merger, Oath cut fifteen percent of the Yahoo-AOL workforce. In 2018, Altaba sold Yahoo! Japan to SoftBank Group.  In April 2018, Helios and Matheson acquired the Moviefone movie listings Web site from Oath. As part of the transaction, Verizon took a stake in Helios and Matheson Analytics stock.  In May 2018, Verizon and Samsung agreed to terms that would preload four Oath applications ("apps") onto Samsung Galaxy S9 smartphones. The agreement includes Oath’s Newsroom, Yahoo! Sports, Yahoo! Finance, and go90 mobile video apps (closed in July 2018), with integration of native Oath advertisements into both the Oath apps and Samsung’s own Galaxy and Game Launcher apps.  On September 12, 2018, it was announced that K. Guru Gowrappan would succeed Tim Armstrong as CEO, effective October 1.  On December 3, 2018, the company declared a new set of rules for the Tumblr community that took effect December 17, 2018, banning "adult content". This move raised objections that it harms their LGBTQ community, sexual abuse survivors, sex workers, adult content blogs, and other bloggers. The move came after the Tumblr app was removed from the Apple App Store due to issues with child pornography, leading some to speculate that the ban may have been made to regain access to the App Store.  In December 2018 Verizon announced that it was cutting 10% of Oath's workforce and would write down the value of the business by $4.6B. Verizon management blamed competitive pressures and that the business never achieved the anticipated benefits. The move wiped out all of the goodwill on the balance sheets that accompanied the acquisitions.  Oath was renamed Verizon Media on January 8, 2019.  In August 2019, Verizon sold Tumblr to Automattic, the owner of WordPress.com, for an undisclosed amount which was reportedly less than $3 million.

Brands.

Some of the digital media brands under Verizon Media include:

Divested.

Verizon has partial ownership of Moviefone's parent company, Helios and Matheson Analytics Inc.

Verizon Media is a division of Verizon Communications that focuses on media and online business. Verizon Communications acquired AOL in 2015. When Verizon Communications purchased Yahoo! in 2017, it merged AOL and Yahoo! into a subsidiary named Oath Inc.