Plot.

USSR, Moscow in the 1980s. A unique violin made by Antonio Stradivari is stolen from the apartment of the famous violinist Lev Osipovich Polyakov. Attorney Stanislav Tikhonov and police lieutenant Elena Nechayeva proceed to investigate the case.  First, suspicions fall on Obolnikov, neighbor of the Polyakov family. But it turns out that although Obolnikov did secretly enter the apartment of the violinist he was not involved in the theft. Then Pavel Ikonnikov becomes the suspect – a former violinist who was once well acquainted with Polyakov. A motive is evident: envy of the more fortunate and successful colleague could push Ikonnikov toward crime. Some information which includes an anonymous letter indicates that Ikonnikov could be involved in the theft. But also in this case Tikhonov and Nechayeva are wrong. Moreover, Ikonnikov, deeply offended with the unfounded suspicions in his address, commits suicide. As farewell, Ikonnikov wrote a letter to Tikhonov, in which he states that the person who slandered him is apparently a person who is very close to Ikonnikov.  An unexpected breakthrough in this complicated case is the appearance of the stolen cassette player belonging to Polyakov. Clinging to this evidence, the investigation manages to come upon the "master thief" Melnik, who helped criminals open the door to the violinists apartment. There were two criminals - "Cross" and "Boss" but they can not be found.  A random occurrence helps Tikhonov. During confrontation with arrested Melnik, piano tuner Gregory Belash suddenly gives false testimony that Melnik and Ikonnikov met with each other after the violin was stolen. Tikhonov for the first time begins to suspect Belash whom he previously liked. Attorney examines in detail Belash's alibi on the day of the theft and discovers that Belash is one of the criminals, the very same "Boss". Belash is arrested, but the most dangerous criminal "Cross" is still at large. He is armed and dangerous and most importantly - the Stradivarius violin is in his hands. It would seem that to catch this cunning and cautious offender is impossible, but unexpected "help" to the investigation is offered by an empty jar of pickled mushrooms. Tikhonov and Nechayeva apprehend "Cross" and Elena is seriously injured. And in the very last moment customs delay departure of a plane from the USSR on which a foreigner is boarded who has bought the Stradivarius from "Cross", trying to take the priceless musical instrument abroad.  At the same time a second story-line unfolds in the film about the great violin maker Antonio Stradivari.  Italy, Cremona, end of the - 17th - start of the 18th century. The famous violin maker Nicola Amati takes a simple street boy Antonio Stradivari as a student. Stradivarius is a diligent student and some time later Antonio becomes superior to his old teacher when he creates an incomparable varnish which allows to make unique-sounding musical instruments. Stradivarius leaves Amati, marries, one after the other four sons are born, but nobody buys Stradivarius' instruments, Amati is for the most famous violin maker in Europe, and simply no one knows of Stradivarius.  But soon Fortuna finally smiles upon the despairing Stradivarius; his instruments are finally becoming more popular. Antonio becomes rich, he and his family begin to live in luxury, but this does not stop Stradivarius for even a moment. Antonio continues to search for more and more sophisticated ways of processing wood, varnish manufacture, so that his violins sound better and better. But Stradivarius is unhappy because circumstances concerning his family unfold in a woeful way. His beloved wife dies, eldest son becomes a merchant-slaver, middle son - a Jesuit monk, and two younger sons do not have either the talent nor the desire to learn the violin business.  Soon Stradivarius is offered with a unique chance to pass on his knowledge and skill onto worthy hands as to him comes a young man named Giuseppe Guarneri and asks the great master to take him as a disciple. Alas, Stradivarius refuses future genius, and Guarneri is forced to literally sell himself into slavery to the Jesuits. For food and accommodation Giuseppe is obliged for 15 years to give all the musical instruments he made. As the years go by, one day on the street Stradivarius hears the sound of Guarneri's violin. Tears appear in the old master's eyes as he realizes that someone has created a violin that sounds better than his musical instruments...

Cast.

"Moscow, USSR, 20th century"  "Cremona, Italy, 17-18th century"

Visit to Minotaur or () is a Soviet TV serial detective film, based on the eponymous novel by the Vayner Brothers, shot by the director Eldor Urazbayev in 1987.


Season overview.

June.

On 7 June, Barcelona announced the transfer of right-wing Aleix Vidal from fellow La Liga outfit and 2015 UEFA Europa League winners Sevilla. The player will join on a five-year deal with a transfer fee of €18 million plus variables. On 9 June, the club announced that right back Dani Alves is set to stay at the club after signing a contract renewal for two years with an option for another year. On 10 June, Barcelona announced that the presidential elections will take place on 18 July, after Josep Bartomeu resigned as president to qualify for re-election. On 25 June, Barcelona announced La Masia graduate Gerard Deulofeu was transferred to English side Everton for a reported fee of €6 million. The player returned to Merseyside after spending the 2013–14 season on loan there under fellow Spaniard manager Roberto Martínez.

July.

On 3 July, Barcelona announced that La Masia graduate Martín Montoya would join Italian side Internazionale on a season-long loan with an option for a second. On 6 July, Barcelona announced the signing of Turkey national team captain Arda Turan from Atlético Madrid for €34 million. The player will join on 1 January 2016 after the FIFA transfer ban is lifted. On 18 July, Josep Bartomeu was elected president of Barcelona for the next six years with the third most votes in the club's history. On 21 July, Barcelona kicked off the preseason with a 1–2 victory over Major League Soccer champions LA Galaxy in the 2015 International Champions Cup. Goals from Luis Suárez and Sergi Roberto secured the win in front of a crowd of 93,226 at the Rose Bowl in Pasadena, California. On 23 July, Barcelona were fined €30,000 by UEFA for fans waving pro-Catalan independence banners at the 2015 UEFA Champions League Final. The club maintains its respect for the sanction, yet does not agree with it and its legal services will consider the possibility of questioning the fine at a later time. On 25 July, Barcelona were defeated by English side Manchester United with a scoreline of 1–3 at Levi's Stadium in Santa Clara, California. The lone goal came from Rafinha in the 89th minute of play. On 28 July, Barcelona were defeated in penalties by Chelsea at FedExField in Landover, Maryland. Goals from Luis Suárez and Sandro were enough to earn the regular time draw, however the team lost in penalties 4–2 to end their United States Summer Tour.

August.

On 2 August, Barcelona finished their pre-season tour with a visit to Fiorentina at the Stadio Artemio Franchi in Florence. The match ended with a 2–1 loss to the Catalans, the lone Barça goal coming from Luis Suárez. Three days later, on 5 August, Barcelona took on Italian club Roma in the 50th edition of the annual Joan Gamper Trophy. The game ended 3–0 to the Catalan club with goals coming from Neymar, Lionel Messi and Ivan Rakitić. As a result of winning the 2014–15 UEFA Champions League the previous season, the team was eligible to compete in the 2015 UEFA Super Cup versus 2014–15 UEFA Europa League winner Sevilla. The game took place on 11 August at the Boris Paichadze Dinamo Arena in Tbilisi, Georgia, and ended 5–4 in favour of Barcelona, with a brace from Messi and Pedro scoring the winner in extra time. With the win, Barcelona becomes the club with the most international trophies in Europe with 19 international titles.  On 12 August, UEFA announced Messi, Suárez and Real Madrid's Cristiano Ronaldo as the finalists for the 2014–15 UEFA Best Player in Europe Award. On 14 August, Barcelona were soundly defeated by Athletic Bilbao 4–0 in the first leg of the 2015 Supercopa de España at the San Mamés Stadium. On 17 August, Barcelona failed to win their second trophy of the season after a 1–1 draw in the second leg of 2015 Supercopa de España. The lone goal from Messi was not enough to overturn a four-goal deficit from the first leg.  On 20 August, Pedro joined Premier League champions Chelsea for €27 million, rising to €30 million on variables, ending his 11-year association with Barcelona. On 23 August, Barcelona kicked off the 2015–16 La Liga season with a 0–1 victory over Athletic Bilbao in Bilbao. This was the third meeting between the two teams in the last nine days that included the two legs of the 2015 Supercopa de España. On 27 August, Barcelona were drawn into Group E of the 2015–16 UEFA Champions League with Bundesliga side Bayer Leverkusen, Roma and Belarusian champions BATE Borisov. At the same event, Messi was crowned the 2014–15 UEFA Best Player in Europe for the second time in his career. On 29 August, Barcelona played their first match at home against Málaga which ended in a 1–0 victory. Thomas Vermaelen scored the only and his first goal for the club.

September.

On 1 September, Barcelona and English side West Ham United agreed on the loan of Alex Song for a second successive season. On 13 September, Barcelona traveled to the Vicente Calderón Stadium to face Atlético Madrid after the FIFA international break. The host took the lead with a goal from Fernando Torres, but goals from Neymar and substitute Messi completed the comeback and notched a 1–2 victory. Barcelona goalkeeper Marc-André ter Stegen made his La Liga debut after only appearing in the Champions League and Copa del Rey last season. On 16 September, Barcelona open their European campaign with a 1–1 draw against Roma at the Stadio Olimpico, with the goal coming from Luis Suárez in the first half. The match ended on a sour note for the squad after Rafinha left the pitch on a stretcher with a leg injury after a tackle from Roma midfielder Radja Nainggolan. The next day, the team released a statement that the player had tear the right anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) and is likely to miss the rest of the season.  On 20 September, Barcelona defeated Levante at home by a 4–1 scoreline with a brace from Messi to stay undefeated in league. Three days later in Balaídos in Vigo, Barça were soundly defeated 4–1 by Celta de Vigo to suffer their first league defeat and drop out of first place in the table. On 26 September, Barcelona were able to bounce back at home with a 2–1 victory over newly promoted Las Palmas. The match was marred with the costly injury to Messi, who suffered a tear in the medial collateral ligament (MCL) of his left knee. The injury will keep the star player out for approximately 6–8 weeks.  On 29 of September, Barcelona defeated Bayer Leverkusen in come from behind fashion with a 2–1 victory. The visitors took the lead in the 22nd minute with a corner kick goal from defender Kyriakos Papadopoulos. In the 80th minute, Sergi Roberto leveled the score and two minutes later, Suárez completed the comeback to keep Barça at the top of Group E. For the second straight Champions League match, Barça lose a key player to injury. This time, captain Andrés Iniesta went down with a hamstring injury in his right leg that will keep him out 3–4 weeks.

October.

On 3 October, Barcelona was defeated by Sevilla 2–1 away at the Ramón Sánchez Pizjuán Stadium for the club's second loss in last three league games. Neymar scored from a second-half penalty kick as Unai Emery beat Barcelona for first ever time as a manager.

November.

On 21 November, Barcelona thrashed Real Madrid 0–4 in the season's first "Clásico", played at the Santiago Bernabeu Stadium. Luis Suárez scored a brace while Neymar and Andrés Iniesta also got onin the scoresheet; later, Lionel Messi played his first match as a substitute after recovering from his two-month injury. On 24 November, Barcelona beat Roma 6–1 in the Champions League with Barcelona wins Group E.

December.

On 14 December, in the draw for the round of 16 of Champions League, Barcelona will face Arsenal as the Group E winner. On 20 December, the club won a record third FIFA Club World Cup title after defeating Argentine side River Plate 3–0 in the final. Luis Suárez scored a record five goals in the tournament including two goals in the final and a hat trick in the semi-final. He was awarded the Adidas Golden ball, given to the best player of the tournament.  On 30 December, Barcelona beat Real Betis 4–0, with Suárez netting a second-half double after Lionel Messi, in his 500th game, scored; Betis also scored an own goal. By scoring 180 goals in 2015 in all competitions, Barcelona set the record for most goals scored in a calendar year, breaking Real Madrid's record of 178 goals scored in 2014.

January.

On 11 January 2016, Messi won the FIFA Ballon d'Or for a record fifth time in his career. Luis Enrique's Barcelona has finished an incredibly demanding January with nearly perfect statistics. Just the draw against Espanyol at the Cornellà-El Prat in the first game of the year has held them back in 2016.

February.

On 10 February, Barcelona's Copa del Rey draw with Valencia saw Luis Enrique's side set a new club record for unbeaten games, beating Pep Guardiola's 2011 vintage with their 29th game without a loss. On 17 February, Messi made more history after scoring his 300th and 301st goal in La Liga, becoming the first player ever to do so. In the same match, Luis Suárez made up for a penalty miss with his 24th league goal of the season as Barça beat Sporting de Gijón 3–1. On 23 February, Barcelona defeated Arsenal 0–2 away in London, with Messi scoring twice in a feverishly paced encounter, including the 10,000th goal scored in club history. On 25 February, Barcelona extend their alliance with UNICEF through to 2020; the club will increase its annual donation to the charity from €1.5 million to €2 million.

March.

On 3 March, Barcelona defeated Rayo Vallecano away 1–5, with Ivan Rakitić and Arda Turan netting one each and Messi scoring a hat-trick. Barça set an all-time record run for 35 games unbeaten in Spanish football, previously held by Real Madrid's 1988–89 side managed by Dutchman Leo Beenhakker. On 8 March, the club announced that the Espai Barça jury unanimously selected the bid by Nikken Sekkei + Pascual i Ausió Arquitectes as the winner of the tender for the design of the new Camp Nou.  On 16 March, Barça defeated Arsenal 3–1 at home (5–1 aggregate) in the round of 16 of the Champions League to gain access to the competition's quarter-finals for the ninth-straight season, and set a new club record for ten consecutive Champions League wins at Camp Nou. On 18 March, in the draw for the quarter-finals of Champions League, Barcelona will face Atlético Madrid. On 24 March, legendary Barcelona player and coach Johan Cruyff died of illness at 68, surrounded by his family in Barcelona; the club mourned him with flags at Camp Nou placed at half-mast.

April.

On 2 April, Real Madrid won the second "El Clásico" match of the league season with a 1–2 victory away, breaking Barcelona's unbeaten record at 39 matches. Players, directors and supporters remembered Johan Cruyff in the form of a video, a mosaic, a minute's silence and applause before the game. On 5 April, Barcelona defeated Atlético Madrid at home (2–1) in the first leg of their Champions League draw, after Luis Suárez's two goals in the second half reversed Barça's early one-goal deficit.  Barcelona lost 1–0 away at the Anoeta Stadium to Real Sociedad on 9 April in La Liga after a goal from the latter club early on. On 13 April, Atlético defeated Barcelona 2–0 (3–2 on aggregate) in the second leg of the Champions League quarter-finals, eliminating the title holders. On 17 April, Barcelona suffered their third consecutive loss of the competition as they were out-played by Valencia in a 1–2 home defeat, despite Messi's second-half goal, his 450th for the club.  On 20 April, Barcelona shook off their recent poor form to absolutely thump Deportivo de La Coruña in a 0–8 away victory, with Luis Suárez scoring four and creating three assists to keep his side in the title race. They continued this form three days later by beating Sporting de Gijón 6–0, with Suárez again scoring four goals (two from penalties), with Messi and Neymar scoring the other two. On 30 April, Barcelona defeated Real Betis 0–2 through Ivan Rakitić and Suárez goals, keeping Barça top of La Liga.

May.

On 8 May, Barcelona thrashed Espanyol 5–0 in the season's last home match. Everyone inside Camp Nou played their part in the spectacular pre-game mosaic which bore the message ""Som-hi tots"" ("Let's go everyone") and also in the minute's silence in memory of the recently passed Manel Vich, the voice of Camp Nou for almost 60 years. On 14 May 2016, Barcelona sealed their sixth La Liga title in eight years with an emphatic 0–3 win over Granada. Two strikes from Luis Suárez in the first half and another late in the second helped the Catalans achieve the club's 24th league success, and confirms the Uruguayan's status as the division's top marksman with 40 goals.  On 21 May, Barcelona and Nike extended their current sponsorship deal. On 22 May, Barcelona recorded a 2–0 extra time victory over Sevilla for their second domestic title of the season and 28th Copa del Rey of all-time. On 27 May, Barcelona and Sergio Busquets are set to renew his contract for five seasons, through to 30 June 2021.

Players.

Players In.

Total spending: €52 million

Players Out.

Total income: €48 million  Total expenditure: €4 million

Statistics.

Squad, appearances and goals.

! colspan=18 style=background:#dcdcdc; text-align:center|Goalkeepers ! colspan=18 style=background:#dcdcdc; text-align:center|Defenders ! colspan=18 style=background:#dcdcdc; text-align:center|Midfielders ! colspan=18 style=background:#dcdcdc; text-align:center|Forwards ! colspan=18 style=background:#dcdcdc; text-align:center| Players who have made an appearance or had a squad number this season but have left the club

Disciplinary record.

Includes all competitive matches. Players listed below made at least one appearance for Barcelona first squad during the season.

The 2015–16 season was Fútbol Club Barcelona's 116th in existence and the club's 85th consecutive season in the top flight of Spanish football. Barcelona was involved in six competitions after completing the Treble during the last season. Barcelona won the league and the Spanish cup.


History.

In 1933 the Palestine National Olympic Committee was officially formed, and was recognized by the International Olympic Committee in May 1934, despite never competing. Although this committee represented Jews, Christians and Muslims living in Mandatory Palestine, its rules stated that they "represent[ed] the Jewish National Home." It was, however, controlled exclusively by Maccabi sports organization and oversaw only clubs affiliated with Maccabi, while neither rival Jewish sports organizations, such as Hapoel, nor non-Jewish sports organizations took part.  Although Eretz Israel was formally invited to participate in the 1936 Olympics in Berlin, it declined the invitation to attend the Games in Nazi Germany. In 1948, shortly after the State of Israel was established, its request to participate in the 1948 Olympics was denied, as the newly formed country wasn't yet recognized by IOC.

OCI recognition.

The OCI was re-organized in 1951 under joint-leadership of Maccabi and Hapoel, the two major sports organization in the country. According to the agreement of the two organization, there were two presidents, one from each. This arrangement continued until 1967, and since then OCI has only one president.  OCI achieved IOC recognition in early 1952, just in time for Israel's Olympic debut at the 1952 Summer Olympics in Helsinki. OCI has sent delegations to all Summer Olympics since then, except for Moscow 1980, which Israel supported the United States in a boycott over the Soviet invasion of Afghanistan. Israel made its debut at the Winter Olympics in 1994, and has become a regular participant since then.

Continental association.

Between 1954 and 1974 Israel took part in the Asian Games, but political pressure exerted by Arab countries due to the Arab–Israeli conflict led to Israel's exclusion from the re-organized Olympic Council of Asia in 1981. In the early 1990s Israel was admitted into European sports organizations, and became full member of European Olympic Committees in 1994. Israel has participated in the biannual European Youth Olympic Festival, since 1995, and the European Games since 2015.

The Olympic Committee of Israel (Hebrew: הוועד האולימפי בישראל) is the recognized National Olympic Committee (NOC) of Israel, and the governing body of Olympic sports in Israel. The OCI's headquarters is located at the National Sport Center – Tel Aviv.


History.

In January 1942 the Argentine Navy transport ARA "Primero de Mayo", commanded by then Frigate Captain Alberto J. Oddera, departed from Buenos Aires with the mission of studying the western coast of the Antarctic Peninsula, especially the area of the Melchior and Argentine Islands. In the former the expedition built a lighthouse and daybeacon.  The archipelago was visited again the following year to continue with the cartographic work and to do maintenance duties on the lighthouse. Three years later, in 1946, the National Antarctic Commission sponsored a new exploration trip.  This new expedition sailed away from the continent in January 1947, led by then Frigate Captain Luis M. García. It was made up of the light transports "Patagonia" and "Chaco", the patrol ships ARA "King" and ARA "Murature", the tanker "Ministro Ezcurra" and the whaler "Don Samuel". The expedition arrived in Observatorio Island on the last day of 1947, and set up a hydrographic camp and basic astronomical observatory at Punta Gallows.  It took 47 days of labor to dynamite the rock, lay down the groundwork for the radio antennae and build the main house: a semi-prefabricated building long and wide, with thermally insulated double walls and ceilings. It had a water boiler, two power generators, batteries and several radio transmitters.  Two high antennae made possible to communicate with Buenos Aires through radio telegraphy. They also erected four towers for the per side rhombic antenna.  The crew unloaded of equipment and supplies, including of coal, a difficult operation due to the high waves and lack of landing beaches. On 31 March 1947 the construction was finished. "Patagonia" was forced to leave the area as ice began to cover the seas. A brief farewell ceremony was held at the foot of the mast, where Captain García handed command of the new facilities over to Lieutenant Juan A. Nadaud.  In 1952 Melchior became the main source for Antarctic weather forecasts, broadcasting reports three times per day. Larger astronomic facilities were inaugurated in 1955; later, during the 1957–58 International Geophysical Year, the first automatic tide gauge in Antarctica was installed at the base.  On 30 November 1961 Melchior was demoted to summer-only base.  In the austral summer campaign of 1962–63 four Bernardino Rivadavia Natural Sciences Museum scientists conducted marine biology research. Since the summer season of 1968–69 the facilities have been periodically used for this scientific discipline, under commission of the Argentine Naval Hydrographic Service.

Description.

Melchior is located from Ushuaia, the nearest port city.  It has a basic infirmary of attended by a paramedic.

Climate.

The mean annual temperature at Melchior is. The absolute maximum temperature recorded was on 30 January 1950, while the absolute minimum was, on 9 August 1958.

Melchior Base () or, seldom, "Estación Melchior") is an Argentine Antarctic base and scientific research station. It is located on Observatorio Island, Melchior Islands, Dallmann Bay, in Palmer Archipelago on Bellingshausen Sea, Antarctic Peninsula.


Professional wrestling career.

Remo Banda (1976–1990).

Ibarra made his professional wrestling debut in 1976 under the ring name "Remo Banda", wrestling without a mask. Early in his career he also worked as the "enmascarado" "Rayo Norteno" ("Northern Lightning") but lost the mask in a "Lucha de Apuesta", or bet match against El Pantera (not the current Pantera) on July 18, 1976. From then on he wrestled as Remo Banda.

Volador (1990–1997).

In late 1990 EMLL decided that it was time for Ramón Ibarra to work as an "enmascarado" again as they wanted to freshen his character up after having worked as "Remo Banda" for 14 years. Initially EMLL offered Ibarra the ring character and mask of "Oro", but Ibarra turned the offer down since the mask had limited visibility due to the mesh over the eyes. EMLL found a young wrestler to play Oro while they created another mask and ring character for Ibarra called "Volador", the Spanish term for "Flyer", inspired by the "Voladores" of Mexico. Volador was teamed up with Ángel Azteca and together the team captured the Mexican National Tag Team Championship on March 9, 1991, when they defeated the team of Pierroth Jr. and Bestia Salvaje. The team held the championship for just 81 days before losing it to "Los Destructores" (Tony Arce and Vulcano) on May 29, 1991. Following the team loss Volador and Ángel Azteca broke up amicably, with each wrestler focusing on their own career from then on. In early 1992 Volador began teaming with a very talented young wrestler called Misterioso and together they won the Mexican National Tag Team title from "Los Destructores" on March 8, 1992. In mid-1992 EMLL booker Antonio Peña decided to break away from EMLL and form his own promotion Asistencia Asesoría y Administración (AAA; now known as Lucha Libre AAA Worldwide) and took a number of EMLL wrestlers with him, included in the exodous were Volador and Misterioso who took the Mexican National Tag Team Championship with them to AAA The team held the belts until August 28, 1992, where they lost them to "Los Destructores" as part of a rivalry that had carried over from EMLL to AAA. Volador and Misterioso regained the championship, but ultimately lost the title on February 12, 1993. Following the title loss the team started a storyline that saw the two turn on each other, with Misterioso becoming a "Rudo" (bad guy) as he attacked Volador. The storyline between the two played out over a long period of time, culminating in a "Lucha de Apuesta" match on July 15, 1995, where both men put their masks on the line. The event drew a crowd of 16,000 people to "El Torero de Tijuana" for a very profitable show. During the match Misterioso's cornerman Blue Panther attempted to injure Volador (in storyline terms) with a "Martinete" (piledriver). Misterioso came to the aid of his former friend, saving him from Blue Panther but ended up knocked out by a chair shot to the head. Out of respect for his former partner and in appreciation of what he had just done Volador dragged the unconscious Misterioso on top of himself and allowed the referee to count to three. Following the match Misteriosos pleaded with Volador not to remove the mask but Volador was a man of his word and unmasked.

Super Parka (1997–present).

In March 1997 Ramón Ibarra donned a new ring persona and mask, that of "Super Parka", a character inspired by his nephew Adolfo Tapia's very successful "La Parka" character. Going so far as to copying the mask and outfit except with an orange skeleton instead of a white and a large Superman "S" on the chest. Initially Ibarra wrestled as unmasked as Volador in AAA and masked as Super Parka on the independent circuit. When Volador lost a "Lucha de Apuesta" match to Pimpinela Escarlata and had his hair shaved off he was suspended by the Mexico City Boxing and Wrestling Commission for breaking the rules set for masked wrestlers. The suspension was not lifted until Ibarra stopped wrestling as Volador and worked as Super Parka full-time. While he had worked for AAA as Volador, Super Parka did not work for AAA mainly because they themselves had created a "La Parka clone" in La Parka, Jr. to take the original's place (La Parka was wrestling full-time in the US). In 1999 Super Parka worked for International Wrestling Revolution Group (IWRG) in Naucalpan, Mexico State where he defeated Pirata Morgan to win the IWRG Intercontinental Heavyweight Championship. He held the title for 23 days, the shortes reign for any IWRG Intercontinental Heavyweight Champion, before losing the belt to Scorpio, Jr.  In September 1999 he introduced his son to the professional wrestling world as he helped Volador Jr. make his debut. In 2000 Super Parka, along with Super Caló, Halloween, and Damián 666 toured Japan, wrestling for All Japan Pro Wrestling (AJPW) in August and September 2000. Super Parka would later return to AJPW, teaming with La Parka. In Mexico Super Parka began to work for the Tijuana based World Wrestling Association around the turn of the millennia. On March 31, 2000, he defeated Halloween to win the WWA World Junior Light Heavyweight Championship. The reign WWA Junior Light Heavyweight Champion lasted until April 30, 2002, where he lost to Super Kendo. Super Parka regained the title only a few months later and held it until June 2004, over 700 days, until he lost the title to Super Kendo.  On October 9, 2003, Super Parka was unmasked as he lost a "Lucha de Apuesta" match to El Hijo del Santo in the main event of a very successful WWA show in Tijuana. In 2005 Super Parka had his hair shaved off when he lost to his nephew L.A. Park (forced to change his name for legal reasons) when they were the last two wrestlers left in a cage match that also included Dr. Wagner, Jr. and Perro Aguayo, Jr.. In 2007 Super Parka made several appearances for Consejo Mundial de Lucha Libre (CMLL; previously known as EMLL) as a freelance wrestler, paying off the fact that L.A. Park was one of CMLL's headline wrestlers at the time. In CMLL he lost two "Lucha de Apuesta" matches in quick succession being shaved bald by Héctor Garza and Último Guerrero. Super Parka has subsequently stopped working for CMLL, working select dates for various Mexican or US wrestling promotions. When he wrestles in the United States he wears the Super Parka mask, something that is not allowed in Mexico, while in Mexico he wears the mask to the ring, but removes it before the match to comply with the rules of Lucha Libre.  On September 11, 2015 Ibarra returned to CMLL after an almost eight-year absence. He was originally set to team with his son Volador Jr. and his nephew L.A. Park, but Park was fired in the week leading up to the show for using profanity during a CMLL show. Instead of the Ibarra family trio Super Parka teamed up with his son and Valiente for his CMLL return. A couple of months later Super Parka began working a storyline feud against Negro Casas, one of CMLL's resident veteran "rudos". The story line eventually led to the two captaining a team of three, facing off during the 2015 "Infierno en el Ring". Super Parka teamed with Máximo Sexy and Valiente while Casas teamed up with Kamaitachi and Bárbaro Cavernario. After Super Parka's team won the match both Super Parka and Casas laid out a "Lucha de Apuestas" challenge, daring each other to put their hair on the line for a special "bet match" between the two. Moments later CMLL officials came to the ring to sign the contract for the following week's "Sin Piedad" ("No Mercy") show. Casas defeated Super Parka, forcing Super Parka to have all his hair shaved off as a result. Casas' nephew Puma helped his uncle win the match, much to the displeasure of Volador Jr. who was in his father's corner. Volador Jr. vowed to get revenge for what he described as the Casas family's cheating ways.

Personal life.

Ramón Ibarra is a part of an extended family of wrestlers, including his son who wrestles as Volador Jr. and his grandson who works as Flyer. His brothers also wrestle, they're known under the ring names Johnny Ibarra and El Desalmado. His nephews are lucha libre legend L.A. Park and wrestler El Hijo de Cien Caras. He's also the great-uncle of L.A. Park's son who wrestles as El Hijo de L.A. Park.

Ramón Ibarra Banda (born May 24, 1956) is a Mexican "luchador", or professional wrestler, working under the ring name Super Parka. Ibarra previously worked as Volador from 1990 until 1997 and as Super Parka ever since. Ibarra is the father of "Luchador" Volador Jr., the grandfather of Flyer and the uncle of L.A. Park (the original La Parka), who was the inspiration for the "Super Parka" character. Throughout his career he has worked for most of the major Mexican wrestling promotions including Consejo Mundial de Lucha Libre (CMLL), Lucha Libre AAA Worldwide (AAA), International Wrestling Revolution Group (IWRG) and the World Wrestling Association (WWA) but works primarily on the Mexican and US independent circuit. While he has been unmasked in Mexico, Ibarra still wears the "Super Parka" mask when wrestling in the United States.


Abandonment.

Approximately 6.5 million companion animals enter animal shelters every year in the United States  Studies show that the majority of people who relinquish an animal also report being emotionally attached to the dog. It has been reported that when forced to abandon their animals in an evacuation, people suffer mental issues such as grief, depression, and post-traumatic stress disorder. Recognizing the importance of pets to their owners and their role in public health is an essential first step in improving a public health problem that has been seen repeatedly in the past and is unlikely to change in the future.  Often, when abandoned, pets are forced to fend for themselves and become stray or feral. In particular, cats and dogs go to colonies. Feral cats are said to outnumber feral dogs and can become challenging to handle and socialize enough to be re-introduced to a new human owner. In general, only some newly abandoned cats and very young feral kittens can be tamed.  Stray animals increase potential exposure to zoonotic diseases like rabies. Cat bites or scratches involving stray or feral animals are eight times more common than dog bites.

Foreclosure pets.

Currently, the exact number of foreclosed pets is unknown. People often drop animals off at a shelter and claim they are moving, when in fact, they are leaving due to foreclosure. In 2008, the number of foreclosure pets was believed to had increased due to high foreclosure rates. As homeowners run out of time and options, they often leave their animals behind. The animals are then classified as abandoned foreclosure pets.  The pets left behind in homes are often left without food or water. Some do not survive because of the lack of resources and are found dead when realtors or banks enter the premises. The animals are put in harm's way, and it is often believed it is done as a way to retaliate against those who took the home away.

Shelters.

Many animals left at a shelter are euthanized due to a lack of space and financial resources for these animals. Shelters unable to raise additional funds to provide for the increased number of incoming animals have no choice but to euthanize them, sometimes within days.  However, the number of dogs and cats euthanized in U.S. shelters declined from approximately 2.6 million in 2011 to 1.5 million in 2018. This decline can be partially explained by an increase in the percentage of animals adopted, and an increase in the number of stray animals successfully returned to their owners.

Animal abandonment laws.

In many states in the United States, it is a felony to abandon a pet. In New York, it is considered a misdemeanor, and the recent senate bill S410 proposes to increase the maximum fine for the crime of abandonment of animals to $2,000.  However, there is still a necessity to investigate interventions to prevent companion-animal relinquishment.

Resources available to pet owners.

For pet owners having trouble affording their pets, many national organizations can help. The Humane Society offers a list of online resources.

Abandoned pets are companion animals that are either inadvertently or deliberately cast off by their owners. These animals can be left alone on the property or streets, be re-homed to a friend or family member, or relinquished at an animal shelter.


Membership.

Apart from the International Olympic Committee (IOC), Bhutan is also a member of Association of National Olympic Committees (ANOC), Paris and Olympic Council of Asia (OCA), Kuwait. Affiliated sports federations of Bhutan are the Bhutan Amateur Athletic Federation, Bhutan Boxing Federation, Bhutan Football Federation, Bhutan Table Tennis Federation and Bhutan Tennis Federation, all located in Thimphu.  In July 2003, the Department for Youth, Culture & Sports was established under the aegis of the Ministry of Education, Government of Bhutan, with the objective to develop “a holistic approach and policy for sports and social development. Bhutan”. Bhutan now has 14 sports federations in which 100,000 (amateur) sports practitioners are members.  Bhutan and the Netherlands have been involved in an active cooperation programme since 2001. Under this programme, archery, a national sport in Bhutan, is receiving a countrywide boost. The intention is towards the Olympic Games of 2012 to achieve status of Bhutan as one of the leading countries in Olympic archery. The bilateral cooperation has resulted in publication of a book, in 2004, on traditional and modern archery in Bhutan and the Netherlands, and a documentary film on Bhutan Olympic Archery to be screened in Germany and international channels. Similar cooperation has been extended to football by the Royal Netherlands Football Association (KNVB) In 2004 the Bhutan Archery Federation was honored with a Prince Claus Award from the Netherlands.

History.

After the formation of the Bhutan Olympic Committee in November 1983, they participated in the archery event of the Olympic Games 1984 held in Los Angeles. Six archers from Bhutan, three men and three women, participated in the event. Since then Bhutan has participated in the Summer Games held in the 1988, 1992, 1996, 2000, 2004 and 2008. Bhutan has also participated in the 2010 Youth Olympics  Tshering Chhoden along with veteran archer Jubzang participated in the 2000 Summer Olympics held in Sydney.  In the 2004 Games held in Athens, which marked the return of the games to the location of the first modern Olympics, two archers, Tshering Choden and Tashi Peljor (second participation), represented Bhutan. They reached the second round of the qualifying round for the first time. Two student athletes, Kunzang Chhoden and Sonam Tobgay also were part of this team as archers selected for the Olympic Youth Camp.

Sports.

For each Olympic Summer Games since 1984, Bhutan has fielded male and female archers. Archery is the national sport of Bhutan. They have never competed in the Winter Games or the other events of the Summer Games; they also have not yet won an Olympic medal.  While archery is the national sport of Bhutan and the only sport in which it participates in the Olympics, other popular sports in the country are tug of war, basketball, football and cricket. Adventure sports such as trekking, rafting, mountain biking and rock climbing are also popular.  Archery is very popular throughout Bhutan — each village has an archery range. However, until recently its equipment base was traditional (hand-carved bamboo bows); these have now been replaced by modern and high-tech equipment for international games.

Documentary.

A documentary film known as “The Other Final” was filmed based on a special football match arranged by Fédération Internationale de Football Association (FIFA) that was played between the 202nd placed (out of 203 worldwide) Bhutan and 203rd-ranked Montserrat.

The Bhutan Olympic Committee was created in November 1983 with the King of Bhutan as its President, with its headquarters at Thimphu, Bhutan. Following this recognition, Bhutan participated for the first time in the 1984 Olympic Games held in Los Angeles when three men and three women archers represented Bhutan.


Professional career.

Minor league career.

Copeland attended White Oak High School in White Oak, Texas.

Baltimore Orioles.

He then attended the University of Southern Mississippi, and was drafted by the Baltimore Orioles in the 21st round of the 2010 Major League Baseball Draft. Copeland played the 2010 season with the Aberdeen IronBirds and Delmarva Shorebirds, and totalled a 3–5 win–loss record, 2.66 earned run average (ERA), and 53 strikeouts in 71 innings pitched. Copeland began the 2011 season in Delmarva, and later earned a promotion to the Advanced-A Frederick Keys. In 141 innings pitched, he posted an 8–11 record, 5.53 ERA, and 77 strikeouts. Copeland made 18 starts with the Keys in 2012, posting a 3–8 record with a 6.88 ERA before being released by Baltimore.

Toronto Blue Jays.

He would be signed by the Blue Jays organization shortly afterward, and pitched with the Dunedin Blue Jays for the rest of the season. In 36 innings with Dunedin, Copeland posted a 4–1 record and a 2.70 ERA.  Copeland opened the 2014 season with the Double-A New Hampshire Fisher Cats, and earned a late promotion to the Triple-A Buffalo Bisons. In total, he pitched to an 11–9 record, 3.45 ERA, and 105 strikeouts in 164 innings. In the offseason he played for the Estrellas de Oriente of the Dominican Winter League, posting a 2–0 record and a 1.23 ERA in 29 innings. Copeland opened the 2015 season in Triple-A, and earned a 2–1 record with a 1.44 ERA through his first 4 starts.  Following a Blue Jays loss on May 1, 2015, Copeland was called up for the first time, replacing Andrew Albers on the roster. He made his debut on May 2, pitching 1 scoreless inning in an 11–4 win against the Cleveland Indians. Copeland was optioned back to Triple-A Buffalo the following day, recalled on May 18, and returned to Buffalo on May 29. He was recalled by Toronto again on June 2 to be the 26th man for the second game of a doubleheader against the Washington Nationals, and was returned to Buffalo the next day. Copeland was recalled once again on June 10, to make his first major league start in place of Aaron Sanchez. He earned his first win as the Blue Jays beat the Miami Marlins 7–2. Copeland pitched 7 innings and yielded 7 hits and 1 earned run, while striking out 4. He was optioned back to Buffalo after the game. He was recalled on June 16, after Sanchez was placed on the disabled list, and made 2 additional starts for the Blue Jays before returning to Buffalo. He was designated for assignment on September 13, and outrighted to Buffalo on September 16. Copeland finished his first Major League season with a 1–1 record, 6.46 ERA, and 6 strikeouts in 15 innings pitched.  Copeland elected free agency on November 6, 2015, but was re-signed to a minor league contract by the Blue Jays on December 18, that included an invitation to spring training. Copeland was reassigned to minor league camp on March 12.

LG Twins.

On April 9, 2016, Copeland's contract was sold to the LG Twins of the KBO League for an undisclosed transfer fee. The Twins then signed him to a one-year, $750,000 contract. After 13 starts, he was waived and released on July 8, 2016, and replaced on the Twins' roster by another former major league pitcher, David Huff.

Return to Toronto.

On July 24, Copeland signed a minor league contract with the Toronto Blue Jays, and was assigned to the Triple-A Buffalo Bisons. He made nine starts for the Bisons, going 3–4 with a 3.04 ERA and 33 strikeouts in 50 innings.

Miami Marlins.

During the 2016 offseason, Copeland signed a minor league contract with the Miami Marlins. He elected free agency on November 6, 2017.

Somerset Patriots.

On March 30, 2018, Copeland signed with the Somerset Patriots of the independent Atlantic League of Professional Baseball.

New York Mets.

Copeland signed a minor league contract with the New York Mets on April 17, 2018. He was called up by the Mets on May 30, and designated for assignment on June 1. He cleared waivers and was assigned to the Double-A Binghamton Rumble Ponies. He elected free agency on October 2, 2018.

Washington Nationals.

On December 30, 2018, Copeland signed a minor league contract with the Washington Nationals. He became a free agent following the 2019 season.

Scott Reast Copeland (born December 15, 1987) is an American professional baseball pitcher who is a free agent. He made his Major League Baseball (MLB) debut with the Toronto Blue Jays in 2015, and has also played for the New York Mets in MLB and the LG Twins of the KBO League.


Definition.

These Fibonacci polynomials are defined by a recurrence relation:  The first few Fibonacci polynomials are:  The Lucas polynomials use the same recurrence with different starting values: formula_9  The first few Lucas polynomials are:  The Fibonacci and Lucas numbers are recovered by evaluating the polynomials at "x" = 1; Pell numbers are recovered by evaluating "F" at "x" = 2. The degrees of "F" is "n" − 1 and the degree of "L" is "n". The ordinary generating function for the sequences are:  The polynomials can be expressed in terms of Lucas sequences as

Identities.

As particular cases of Lucas sequences, Fibonacci polynomials satisfy a number of identities.  First, they can be defined for negative indices by Other identities include: Closed form expressions, similar to Binet's formula are: where are the solutions (in "t") of A relationship between the Fibonacci polynomials and the standard basis polynomials is given by For example, A proof of this fact is given starting from page 5 here.

Combinatorial interpretation.

If "F"("n","k") is the coefficient of "x" in "F"("x"), so then "F"("n","k") is the number of ways an "n"−1 by 1 rectangle can be tiled with 2 by 1 dominoes and 1 by 1 squares so that exactly "k" squares are used. Equivalently, "F"("n","k") is the number of ways of writing "n"−1 as an ordered sum involving only 1 and 2, so that 1 is used exactly "k" times. For example F(6,3)=4 and 5 can be written in 4 ways, 1+1+1+2, 1+1+2+1, 1+2+1+1, 2+1+1+1, as a sum involving only 1 and 2 with 1 used 3 times. By counting the number of times 1 and 2 are both used in such a sum, it is evident that "F"("n","k") is equal to the binomial coefficient when "n" and "k" have opposite parity. This gives a way of reading the coefficients from Pascal's triangle as shown on the right.

References.

In mathematics, the Fibonacci polynomials are a polynomial sequence which can be considered as a generalization of the Fibonacci numbers. The polynomials generated in a similar way from the Lucas numbers are called Lucas polynomials.


Career.

Xavier University.

Hagglund played four years of college soccer for the Xavier Musketeers. He made 81 appearances, starting in 80, while scoring four goals and adding 11 assists. Hagglund was named Big East Defensive Player of the Year for 2013, along with First Team All-Big East honors. During his collegiate career he has also earned Atlantic 10 Defensive Player honors, and was named to the Atlantic 10 All-Conference First Team. In his freshman campaign he was named to Atlantic 10 All-Rookie Team and Atlantic 10 All-Tournament Team.

Toronto FC.

On January 16, 2014 Hagglund was drafted in the first round (10th overall) of the 2014 MLS SuperDraft by Toronto FC.  Hagglund made his professional debut in a 2–0 win over the Columbus Crew on April 5, 2014.  On September 27, 2014 Hagglund scored his first 2 goals in a 3–2 come from behind home victory against the Portland Timbers.  In August 2015, Hagglund was temporarily loaned to Toronto's lower division USL club, Toronto FC II.  On November 30, 2016, Hagglund scored the goal that put Toronto FC ahead 3–2 against the Montreal Impact in the Eastern Conference Final. This tied the aggregate score at 5–5, and sent the game into extra time. Toronto FC went on to score 2 in extra time to win the game 5–2 and earn their first-ever appearance in the MLS Cup against the Seattle Sounders.

FC Cincinnati.

On January 23, 2019, Hagglund was traded to his hometown team FC Cincinnati ahead of their inaugural season in MLS. Cincinnati received the No. 24 Allocation Ranking and Hagglund from Toronto in exchange for $200,000 in General Allocation Money in 2019, $100,000 in Targeted Allocation Money in 2020 and the No. 1 Allocation Ranking.

Honors.

Club.

Toronto FC:

Nicholas Hagglund (born September 14, 1992) is an American professional soccer player who plays as a defender for FC Cincinnati in Major League Soccer.


Background.

The Pakistani dignitaries and international diplomats from 37 countries along with their families were on a three-day visit to Gilgit-Baltistan as part of the efforts of the Government to showcase the beauty and culture of Northern Areas. The programme included Lunch by the Prime Minister at Naltar, visits to Hunza, Altit Fort, Baltit Fort, Atabad Lake and Phunder Lake including cultural/sports activities. The delegation had been flown in from Nur Khan Air Force base in Islamabad to Gilgit Airport via Pakistan Air Force's C-130 transport aircraft, arriving earlier in the morning. From Gilgit Airport, the delegation was scheduled to be ferried via a convoy of three Pakistan Army's Mil Mi-17 helicopters to Naltar Valley, located 45 km from Gilgit. Naltar is part of the Karakoram mountain range and is the oldest ski resort in the country, located at 10,000 feet. At the time of the incident, the two other helicopters carrying delegation members had already landed.  The helicopter crash landed into the roof of an Army Public School building in Naltar while it was preparing to land at the helipad nearby. A local farmer who lived about 100 metres away from the school told Reuters that the school was closed at the time of the crash. According to eyewitnesses, while the helicopter was landing, it lost control, began swinging, whirling and stalled mid-air, and dropped suddenly, crashing onto the school building roof. The crash was followed by an explosion and the helicopter caught fire, followed by the school building. Police and emergency medics rushed to the site, breaking the helicopter windows and dragged people out for evacuation. An explosion occurred a few minutes later injured some medics. The injured were immediately air lifted to the local Combined Military Hospital. The Police cordoned off the area, following up on security arrangements which had been made three days earlier ahead of the Prime Minister's visit.  Prime Minister Nawaz Sharif, who was on a plane and en route to Gilgit upon hearing of the incident, cancelled his trip and returned to Islamabad. The Ministry of Foreign Affairs tasked the Crisis Management Cell with inquiries on the crash. The incident was the worst aviation accident in the country since the Bhoja Air's Flight 213 crash in 2012, which resulted in 127 deaths. It was also the most serious aviation accident involving the deaths of dignitaries since the 1988 Pakistan One C-130 crash, which killed President Zia-ul-Haq, American ambassador Arnold Raphel and other key American officials. Previously, there have been four Mi-17 helicopter crashes in Pakistan, including three minor ones in 2004, 2007 and 2012, and a major one in 2009.

Victims.

The helicopter was carrying a total of 17 passengers and three crew. Of the passengers, 11 were foreigners and six were Pakistanis. Eight people died in the crash: the two pilots (Major Altamash and Major Faisal), a crew member (Naib Subedar Zakir), three ambassadors – Leif Larsen of Norway, Domingo Lucenario of the Philippines, and Burhan Muhammad of Indonesia (the latter dying on his wounds on 19 May), as well as the spouses of the high commissioner of Malaysia and ambassador of Indonesia, Habibah Mahmud, and Heri Listyawati Burhan Muhammad.  The ambassadors of Poland (Andrzej Ananicz), the Netherlands (Marcel de Vink), and Romania (Emilian Ion) and the high commissioners of Malaysia (Hasrul Sani Mujtabar) and South Africa (Mpendulo Jele) were among the wounded, suffering minor to critical injuries. The casualties' names were released by the Director General of the Inter-Services Public Relations (ISPR), Major-General Asim Bajwa.

Investigation.

The helicopter crash was attributed to technical and mechanical fault, indicated by the air force inquiries. Initial military reports suggested engine failure. Developing reports later revealed a failure in the helicopter's tail rotor while it was landing, which caused it to lose control and crash. The black box was recovered. According to Foreign secretary Aizaz Ahmad, "It was purely an accident, and accidents do happen." Ahmad added that the helicopter was serviced regularly, with the last service taking place 11 hours before the crash. The Chief of Army Staff and Chief of Air Staff constituted a military board of inquiry, the results of which would be made available to the public.  One air force official explained how due to mountain ranges the region was an extremely difficult terrain for helicopter flights, adding "It was close to landing when it started to spin. So, most probably it is a tail rotor malfunction." Testaments by the Chief of Air Staff Air Chief Marshal Suhail Aman stated that the behavior of the helicopter was normal before landing and the pilots had contact with the base commander. The helicopter suddenly lost control due to mechanical failure moments before it was about to land. Air Chief Marshal Aman added that the pilots were "proficient and excellent" and had experience with flights in the area.

Aftermath.

Prime Minister Nawaz Sharif declared the following Saturday a national day of mourning, during which the national flag was lowered to half-mast, and expressed "deep grief and sorrow over the tragic incident", and said he "extended heartfelt condolences to those who lost their lives in this incident." The Chief of Army Staff, General Raheel Sharif, expressed his "deepest grief" at the incident, stating: "it is a sad day for all of us and our heart goes out to the bereaved families at this sad moment of their life." The Chief Minister of Gilgit-Baltistan Shah Jehan Mir also expressed shock and visited the hospital to inquire about the injured. Condolences also poured in from throughout the country and internationally.  Pakistani authorities ruled out the possibility of a terror attack, following up on a claim by the militant group Tehreek-e-Taliban that it had downed the helicopter with an anti-aircraft missile, stating its target to be the Prime Minister. This claim was promptly dismissed as "bogus" by foreign secretary Aizaz Ahmad Chaudhry, who confirmed that the accident occurred due to a technical fault, adding that full security arrangements had been in place and Taliban groups did not operate in the region. The Pakistani military also ruled out terrorism as a cause of the crash. Eyewitnesses and other diplomats present on the ground confirmed that the aircraft was not hit or shot down.  The Pakistan Air Force started an inquiry into the crash. Pakistani government representatives promised a transparent and full inquiry to investigate the crash from all angles. The Prime Minister and Pakistani government also contacted the governments of Norway, Philippines, Indonesia and Malaysia to offer condolences over the tragedy and discuss details of the crash. Nawaz Sharif directed four federal ministers, Abdul Qadir Baloch, Khurram Dastgir Khan, Rana Tanveer Hussain and Balighur Rehman to accompany the dead bodies with full honors on special flights to Norway, the Philippines, Indonesia and Malaysia respectively.  A day later, the injured and the bodies of the dead were transported by Pakistan Air Force aircraft back to the Nur Khan Airbase in Islamabad. They were received by top civil and military officials at the airbase, and the dead bodies were accorded military honors and protocol. The Chief of Army Staff condoled with relatives and diplomats at the airbase.  In a special Condolence Meeting at the Ministry of Foreign Affairs after the incident, also attended by the diplomatic community in Islamabad, Prime Minister Nawaz Sharif recommended bestowing the civil award Sitara-e-Pakistan on those who died. The Indonesian Ambassador, who received critical burns, was transported to Singapore via a Singaporean air ambulance. The Dutch ambassador was also flown back to his country.

On 8 May 2015, a Mil Mi-17 transport helicopter of the Pakistan Army Aviation Corps crashed in Naltar, in the Gilgit District of the Gilgit-Baltistan region of northern Pakistan, killing eight people. Among the victims were the ambassadors of Norway and the Philippines to Pakistan, as well as the spouses of the Indonesian and Malaysian ambassadors to Pakistan, and three crew.


Life.

Smith grew up on the family farm in Selukwe (now Shurugwi). Selukwe was a small mining and farming town with a population in the 1950s of around 8,500 (8,000 Black and 500 White). In April 1964, one month shy of his fifteenth birthday, Smith's father became Prime Minister of Southern Rhodesia. The younger Smith later suggested that this had caused his family life to suffer. He attended Chaplin High School, and in 1970, Smith began studying Law at Rhodes University in South Africa. On his own for the first time, he became increasingly alienated from his background and neglected his studies in favour of partying, alcohol, and drugs. Smith first came to public attention at this time by applying for a British passport while declaring that he did not agree with his father's political views and still considered himself a loyal British subject. He was expelled from university at the end of his first year in 1971. Whilst returning from a subsequent holiday in Portuguese-ruled Mozambique, Smith was found to be in possession of 200 grams of cannabis by the South African authorities. He was convicted of drug trafficking, fined and given a suspended prison sentence.  Returning to Rhodesia, Smith held a number of odd jobs. He also served without distinction as a conscript in the Rhodesian Security Forces. Smith's lifestyle continued to be exuberant and this did not impress his conservative, church-going parents. However, at no time did they disown him.  In 1972, Smith claimed to have become a born-again Christian, declaring that God had freed him from his past debauchery and helped him see the injustice of racial discrimination. He aligned himself with the Moral Rearmament group, held public meetings promoting majority rule, and befriended a number of Black nationalist leaders.  By 1976, the Rhodesian Bush War was escalating and many White soldiers were recalled to active duty. Smith was called up, but declined to serve and relocated overseas to London. His half-brother Robert, similarly alienated from Rhodesian politics, had been living in the United Kingdom since 1970. The elder Smith seemed to accept his son's decision and the two remained in regular contact via letter and telephone.  Whilst living in London, Smith met Elisabeth Knudsen, an exchange student from Norway. The couple eventually married in Oslo, in June 1979, but his parents were not in attendance at the ceremony. Smith had invited his parents to attend the wedding and though his father was anxious to do so, he was denied an entry permit by the Norwegian government. Ian Smith later related considerable bitterness over the refusal of the international community to recognise Rhodesia, and described the Norway incident as 'the final straw'. Following an attempt at power-sharing with Abel Muzorewa as Prime Minister, under which the territory was renamed Zimbabwe Rhodesia, the territory finally achieved recognition as Zimbabwe in early-1980.  Smith finally returned to Zimbabwe between December 1979 and March 1980. He remained ostracised by some White Zimbabweans who considered him a traitor, and more than a few Black Zimbabweans who refused to accept him due to his family. However, he and Elisabeth settled into an otherwise mundane family life, reconciling with his father. During the 1980s and early-1990s, Smith held a number of jobs including, from 1991-96, managing director of a professional football team, the Black Aces. Although not an ordained priest, he became a reserve chaplain in the new Zimbabwe National Army. Alec and Elisabeth Smith had three children - two daughters and one son. Ian Smith's family role as a grandfather offered him some solace after Janet's death in 1994.  Smith later became his father's business partner. In this capacity, he assisted in the editing of his father's memoirs and took over the running of the family's agricultural interests including the estate at Shurugwi. In 1984, he wrote a semi-autobiographical account of the struggle for majority rule in Rhodesia titled "Now I Call Him Brother". It was claimed that the book was ghost-written for Alec by the professional writer Rebecca de Saintonge. The book was not rated highly in literary terms and included the following comments on the then Prime Minister of Zimbabwe, Robert Mugabe (p124) : "Mr Mugabe's Independence speech should have roused every Christian heart in the land. The whole tone of his talk was so Christian in content that every believer's heart should have been warmed by the thought that he was talking our language."

Political involvement.

During the period 1975 to 1979, Rhodesia descended into an increasingly violent civil war between the white minority government and the two black nationalist armies, the Zimbabwe African National Liberation Army (ZANLA) and Zimbabwe People's Revolutionary Army (ZIPRA).  The Christian Moral Rearmament (MRA) group became active in trying to bring the conflict to an end. MRA seeks to secure social reform through personal reform and, to this end, promotes relationships between people on different sides in conflict situations. Smith was a prominent member of MRA. The black nationalist party ZANU-PF won the 1980 election outright, but elements in the white ruling class were plotting a military coup (Operation Quartz) to prevent it from taking over the government.  MRA members sought to prevent a renewal of the war and determined that the only way to do this was to broker a face-to-face meeting between Robert Mugabe (leader of ZANU-PF) and Ian Smith. MRA member Joram Kucherera (a senior civil servant) used contacts inside ZANU-PF to approach Mugabe while Alec Smith approached his father Ian. Eventually, a meeting was arranged. Ian Smith went to Robert Mugabe's house, on the night of 3/4 March 1980, accompanied only by Kucherera. The meeting lasted several hours and was surprisingly friendly. The matter was settled - Ian Smith accepted the verdict of the election while Mugabe agreed to continued white participation in the government and administration. Alec Smith took no further role in politics, although he remained active in community issues through the development of sport. It is believed that he declined an invitation to participate in the Movement for Democratic Change in the late 1990s.

Death.

In December 2005, Smith travelled to Norway with his wife Elisabeth in order to join her relatives for Christmas. On 19 January 2006, the couple started the journey back to Zimbabwe via London. Whilst in the transit lounge at Heathrow Airport, Smith suddenly suffered a heart attack and died almost instantly. He had previously been in good health. His body was later returned to Norway for cremation whilst a memorial service was held at the Anglican cathedral in Harare.  The family assigned the Smiths' eldest daughter, Inger, to break the news to his father. The latter had suffered a fall the previous year and had been obliged to live with his widowed stepdaughter, Jean Tholet, in Cape Town. Ian Smith was reported to have been devastated by the news and not to have recovered from it either mentally or physically.  Alec Smith was described by someone who knew him later in his life as follows:

Alexander Douglas Smith (known as Alec Smith; 25 May 1949 – 19 January 2006) was a Zimbabwe National Army chaplain, farmer, and son of Rhodesian Prime Minister Ian Smith.


Biography.

Born in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. DeFord studied at Wellesley College and Temple University. She later studied at the University of Pennsylvania. DeFord worked as a newspaper reporter for a time. DeFord later described herself as a "born feminist"; she became active in the Women's suffrage movement before 1920, and was also a campaigner and disseminator of birth control information to women. DeFord was a member of the Socialist Party of America from 1919 to 1922. Her feminist work is documented in "From Parlor to Prison: Five American Suffragists Talk About Their Lives", edited by Sherna B. Gluck. During the 1930s, deFord joined the Federal Writers' Project and wrote the book "They Were San Franciscans" for the Project. Interviewed for the League of American Writers pamphlet "Writers Take Sides" about the Spanish Civil War, DeFord expressed strong support for the Spanish Republic. DeFord added "I am unalterably and actively opposed to fascism, Nazism, Hitlerism, Hirohitoism, or whatever name may be applied to the monster".  She spent perhaps the most energy in mystery fiction and science fiction. Hence she did several anthologies in mystery and crime writing. In 1968, she wrote "The Real Bonnie and Clyde".  She also wrote "The Overbury Affair", which involves events during the reign of James I of Britain surrounding the murder of Sir Thomas Overbury. For the latter work she received a 1961 Edgar Award from the Mystery Writers of America for Best Fact Crime book. She worked for "Humanist" magazine and she was one of the signers of the Humanist Manifesto.  However, in 1949, "The Magazine of Fantasy & Science Fiction" began with Anthony Boucher as editor. Anthony Boucher wrote science fiction and fantasy but also garnered attention in the mystery field as well. This gave his magazine some cross-over appeal to mystery writers like Ms. deFord. Hence much of her science fiction first appeared in Boucher's magazine. Her stories there dealt with themes like nuclear devastation, alienation, and changing sexual roles. Her two collections are "Elsewhere, Elsewhen, Elsehow" and "Xenogenesis". She also edited an anthology of stories mixing science fiction with mystery called "Space, Time, and Crime."  DeFord was also a passionate Fortean, a follower of Charles Fort, and did fieldwork for him. DeFord is mentioned in Fort's book "Lo!" Shortly before her death in 1975, Fortean writer Loren Coleman visited Ms. deFord frequently and interviewed her about her earlier interactions with Fort and her trips to Chico, California, to investigate the case of a poltergeist rock-thrower on Fort's behalf.  DeFord died February 22, 1975, aged 86, at her longtime home, the Ambassador Hotel at 55 Mason Street in San Francisco.  In 2008, The Library of America selected deFord's story of the Leopold and Loeb trial for inclusion in its two-century retrospective of American True Crime.

Personal Life.

DeFord's first marriage was to Armistead Collier in 1915. The couple divorced in 1920. She was married to Maynard Shipley from 1921 until his death in June 1934.

Bibliography.

Anthologies.

Science Fiction:  Mystery:

Other.

Author  Editor

Miriam Allen deFord (August 21, 1888 – February 22, 1975) was an American writer best known for her mysteries and science fiction. During the 1920s, she wrote for a number of left-wing magazines including "The Masses", "The Liberator", and the Federated Press. Her short story "A Death in the Family" appeared on Night Gallery's "second season "appearing in Episode Two segment One with Desi Arnez Jr.


Overview.

Society membership reflects commitment toward the advancement of computational biology. The ISCB is an international non-profit organization whose members come from the global bioinformatics and computational biology communities. The ISCB serves its global membership by providing high-quality meetings, publications, and reports on methods and tools; by disseminating key information about bioinformatics resources and relevant news from related fields; and by actively facilitating training, education, employment, career development, and networking. The society also advocates and provides leadership for resources and policies in support of scientific endeavors and to benefit society at large.  ISCB seeks to communicate the significance of computational biology to the larger scientific community, to governmental organizations, and to the general public; the society serves its members locally, nationally, and internationally; it provides guidance for scientific policies, publications, meetings, and distributes information through multiple platforms. ISCB organizes the Intelligent Systems for Molecular Biology (ISMB) conference every year, a growing number of smaller, more regionally or topically focused annual and bi-annual conferences, and has three official journals: "ISCB Community Journal, PLOS Computational Biology" and "Bioinformatics". The society awards three scientific achievement awards annually: the Overton Prize, the ISCB Innovator Award, and the ISCB Senior Scientist Awards. The society elects ISCB Fellows annually, to honor members that have distinguished themselves through outstanding contributions to the fields of computational biology and bioinformatics. The ISCB also awards the ISCB Outstanding Contributions Award to recognize members of the community who have significantly contributed to the success of the organization.

History.

Founding.

The Intelligent Systems for Molecular Biology (ISMB) conference series began in 1993. As a response to the expansion of the conference, the ISCB was founded in 1997 with a significant part of its remit being to provide a stable financial home for ISMB. The ISCB was legally incorporated in early 1997, with Lawrence Hunter elected as its inaugural president by the members of the founding board of directors, which included Russ Altman, Philip Bourne, David States and Alfonso Valencia. The ISCB has organized the ISMB conference since 1998.  During the next few years the focus remained on management of the annual ISMB conference, whose 1993 attendance of approximately 200 researchers had more than tripled by 1999.  The new millennium brought in a new president in Russ Altman, currently chair of Stanford University's department of bioengineering and director of the program in biomedical informatics, and over 1,200 delegates attended ISMB 2000 in San Diego. Altman took steps to formalize some of the legal and administrative aspects of ISCB before passing the torch in 2002 to Philip E. Bourne, currently professor in the department of pharmacology and Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences at the University of California, San Diego. Bourne gave ISCB a more permanent home at UCSD, which included the university's commitment to host the society through at least 2005 and its offer of staff support. Although Bourne served as president for only one year, he left his mark on the society by increasing the interaction with regional groups and conference organizers worldwide, and through an improved web presence. During his tenure, membership grew to more than 1,700 researchers, and the 2002 ISMB conference in Edmonton, Alberta, Canada welcomed over 1,600 attendees.

Expansion.

Michael Gribskov, then at UCSD's San Diego Supercomputer department and now at the department of biological sciences at Purdue University, was elected president in 2003. That year ISMB took place in Brisbane, Australia, which was the first time the meeting was held outside North America or Europe. This phase brought many uncertainties for the society when attendance dropped to one half of budgeted expectations due to travel fears and restrictions related to outbreaks of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome or SARS, the start of the war in Iraq, and the location, which broke with the pattern of North American and European venues. Although scientifically successful, the financial losses of ISMB 2003 left ISCB financially unstable for the first time in its history.  In part to reduce ISCB's dependence on ISMB proceeds to fund the society's activities and annual overhead costs, a pilot regional conference was hosted in the US to gauge interest in smaller, localized meetings. In December 2003, the Rocky Mountain Regional Bioinformatics conference, Rocky 1, was launched in Aspen, Colorado. The meeting has been held annually ever since and now attracts attendees from around the world.  In 2005, as part of the society's discussions about the role of publications and the society's official journal, accompanied by the advent of open access publishing, the ISCB announced a partnership with the Public Library of Science and launched a new open access journal, "PLoS Computational Biology". The journal is intended to emphasize computational methods applied to living systems at all scales, from molecular biology to patient populations and ecosystems, and which offer insight for experimentalists. Past president and past publications committee chair Phil Bourne served as the new publication's editor-in-chief and he remains in that role. The first issue of the new journal coincided with the opening day of ISMB 2005, held in Detroit, Michigan.  Burkhard Rost, then professor in the department of biochemistry and molecular biophysics at Columbia University and now the Alexander von Humboldt Professor and chair of bioinformatics and computational biology, computational sciences at the Technical University Munich, succeeded Michael Gribskov as president in 2007 and has been reelected twice with a current term expiration set for January 2013. Under his tenure the ISMB/ECCB 2007 conference in Vienna, Austria, chaired by Thomas Lengauer of the Max-Planck Institute for Informatics, and co-chaired by Burkhard Rost and Peter Schuster of the University of Vienna, was further expanded to include a total of eight parallel tracks, and the 2007 conference attendance of approximately 1,700 was back on track with expectations. Vienna as a destination and the Austria Center Vienna were both so well received by the conference organizers and attendees alike that it was selected to host the 2011 conference as well, which is a first for the ISMB series that had never before repeated a location.  In 2010 the first ISCB Latin America was held in Montevideo, Uruguay.

Leadership and Structure.

A president, an executive committee, and a board of directors comprise ISCB's scientific leadership, drawing on distinguished, internationally renowned researchers who are elected for their term by the general society membership. The executive director leads the ISCB staff and supports a diverse set of committees dedicated to specific issues that are important to the computational biology and bioinformatics community, including education, policy, and publications.

Board of Directors.

, notable members of the board of directors include: Alex Bateman, Bonnie Berger, Terry Gaasterland, Janet Kelso, Thomas Lengauer, Yves Moreau, Christine Orengo, Burkhard Rost, Alfonso Valencia and Martin Vingron.

Fellows.

The ISCB has elected Fellows since 2009. These distinctions are awarded in honour of outstanding contributions to the fields of computational biology and bioinformatics. The inaugural Class was given to previous recipients of the ISCB Accomplishment by a Senior Scientist Award; in following years, the ISCB has sought nominations for Fellows from its members. Fellows are traditionally introduced at the ISCB's flagship Intelligent Systems for Molecular Biology conference each year. As of the Class of 2017, 64 Fellows have been elected.

Communities of Special Interest (COSIs).

ISCB Communities of Special Interest (COSIs) are member communities of shared interest that have self-organized and have multiple activities or interactions throughout the year, rather than solely meeting during the SIG program of the ISMB conference. An important goal of any COSI is to foster a topically-focused collaborative community wherein scientists communicate with one another on research problems and/or opportunities in specific areas of computational biology. Such communication is often in the form of meetings, but can also be through other social media tools that allow for vibrant participation in a virtual environment.

Student Council.

In 2004, the ISCB Student Council was founded by Manuel Corpas to promote the development of a worldwide community for computational biology students. One of the main roles of the student council is to promote soft skills in order to develop potential in bioinformatics and computational biology trainees., the student council represents more than 1,000 students worldwide.

Conferences.

ISCB grew out of the need for a stable organizational structure to support the planning and manage the finances of the Intelligent Systems for Molecular Biology (ISMB) conference series, which had its start in 1993. ISMB is ISCB's most prominent annual activity, toward which a significant portion of resources are dedicated each year. Since 2004, when ISMB is held in Europe, it is held jointly with the European Conference on Computational Biology (ECCB).  ISCB began expanding its conference offerings with the introduction of the annual Rocky Mountain Bioinformatics Conference series in 2003, the Conference on Semantics in Healthcare and Life Sciences (CSHALS) in 2008, the bi-annual ISCB Africa ASBCB Bioinformatics Conference in 2009, and the bi-annual ISCB Latin America Conference in 2010. ISCB also hosts an annual Great Lake Bioinformatics Conference and partners with RECOMB to produce the Regulatory and Systems Genomics Conference with DREAM Challenges. The ISCB-Asia meeting was started in 2012 and continues to take shape after its last conference in 2014 in Japan in conjunction with GIW.  In addition to ISCB-organized conferences, the society supports other computational biology and bioinformatics conferences through affiliations and sponsorships. These include the annual Pacific Symposium on Biocomputing (PSB), the annual international conference on Research in Computational Molecular Biology (RECOMB), the annual International Conference on Bioinformatics (InCoB), and the annual general meeting of the European Molecular Biology Network or EMBnet.

Affiliated organizations.

The ISCB has several affiliated organizations (mainly regional), including the European Molecular Biology Network (EMBnet), the Netherlands Bioinformatics Centre (NBIC), the African Society for Bioinformatics and Computational Biology and the Japanese Society for Bioinformatics.  The ISCB is also a founding member of Global Organisation for Bioinformatics Learning, Education and Training (GOBLET). In collaboration with GOBLET, the ISCB is involved in developing core competencies for different types of bioinformatics trainees; these competencies are being used in the development of new bioinformatics curricula.

The International Society for Computational Biology (ISCB) is a scholarly society for researchers in computational biology and bioinformatics. The society was founded in 1997 to provide a stable financial home for the Intelligent Systems for Molecular Biology (ISMB) conference and has grown to become a larger society working towards advancing understanding of living systems through computation and for communicating scientific advances worldwide.


Production.

Background.

Elimination Chamber is a gimmick pay-per-view first produced by WWE in 2010. It had been held every year in February; 2015 was the first of two times in which the event occurred outside of that month and was held in May (the second will be the 2020 event to be held in March). The concept of the show is that one or two main event matches are contested inside the Elimination Chamber, either with championships or future opportunities at championships at stake. 2015 was the sixth event under the Elimination Chamber chronology and featured the first-ever tag team Elimination Chamber match. It was also the last Elimination Chamber to be held until the 2017 event, subsequently also being the last before the reintroduction of the brand extension in July 2016, which again split the roster between the Raw and SmackDown brands.  The 2015 event was originally scheduled to be a house show, a wrestling show that is not televised, but it was announced during the May 11 episode of "Raw" that Elimination Chamber would return to pay-per-view. The annual Elimination Chamber event was initially replaced in February by Fastlane because many arenas were not able to physically support the Elimination Chamber structure, thus making it easier to book the February pay-per-view event without the structure. WWE's other originally scheduled live event for May 31 in Greenville, South Carolina was canceled in order to bring the entire WWE roster to Corpus Christi, Texas, replaced by an upcoming episode of "Raw" in Greenville for November 16.  Since 2011, the show has been promoted as "No Escape" in Germany as it was feared that the name "Elimination Chamber" may remind people of the gas chambers used during the Holocaust.

Storylines.

The card consisted of eight matches, including one on the Kickoff pre-show, that resulted from scripted storylines, where wrestlers portrayed heroes, villains, or less distinguishable characters in scripted events that built tension and culminated in a wrestling match or series of matches, with results predetermined by WWE's writers. Storylines between the characters played out on WWE's primary television programs, "Raw" and "SmackDown".  On May 17, an Elimination Chamber match for the vacant Intercontinental Championship was scheduled for the event. On the May 18 episode of "Raw", R-Truth, Sheamus, King Barrett, Ryback, Dolph Ziggler, and Rusev were added to the match. On May 31, Rusev was declared unable to compete because of an injury sustained three nights prior on "SmackDown". Rusev was replaced by Mark Henry.  At Payback, The New Day defeated Tyson Kidd and Cesaro to retain the Tag Team Championship in a 2-out-of-3 falls Tag team match. Later in the event, The New Day were scheduled to defend the titles in a Tag team Elimination Chamber match at the event. On the May 18 episode of "Raw", Kidd and Cesaro, Los Matadores, The Ascension, The Lucha Dragons, and The Prime Time Players were revealed as challengers. On the May 18 episode of "Raw", NXT Champion Kevin Owens answered United States Champion John Cena's weekly United States Championship Open Challenge. However, instead of fighting Cena, Owens attacked him, saying they would fight on his "own terms". Later in the night, Owens was granted a match to face Cena at the event.  On the May 18 episode of "Raw", Dean Ambrose challenged WWE World Heavyweight Champion Seth Rollins to a title match but Rollins refused. Later in the night, Ambrose attacked Rollins until The Authority granted Ambrose a title match against Rollins at Elimination Chamber. On the last "Raw" before the event, The Authority tried to avoid the match by having Ambrose taken away from the arena in a police van before the official contract signing. However, Ambrose drove the van back into the arena and signed the contract for the match.  At Payback, Naomi and Tamina defeated The Bella Twins. After Nikki defeated Naomi by disqualification in a Divas Championship match on the May 18 episode of "Raw", Paige returned from injury and attacked both contestants. On the May 21 episode of "SmackDown", Naomi and Tamina attacked Paige before Nikki attacked Naomi, Tamina, and Paige. Nikki was then scheduled to defend the title against Paige and Naomi in a triple threat match at the event with Tamina banned from ringside.  On the May 18 episode of "Raw", Bo Dallas confronted Neville during an interview and later, after Neville had lost a match to King Barrett, attacked Neville. On the May 25 episode of "Raw", after Neville defeated Stardust, Dallas attacked Neville again. A match between the two was scheduled for the event.  On the May 25 episode of "Raw", a special broadcast of "Miz TV" with Daniel Bryan as the special guest was set for the Kickoff pre-show.

Event.

Pre-show.

During the Elimination Chamber Kickoff pre-show, Stardust faced Zack Ryder. Stardust pinned Ryder after "The Queen's Crossbow" to win the match.  The Miz hosted an edition of "Miz TV", with Daniel Bryan as his guest. The Miz began to take credit for Bryan's accomplishments, which led to Bryan calling out The Meta Powers (Curtis Axel and Macho Mandow). The Meta Powers attacked The Miz to end the segment.

Preliminary matches.

The actual pay-per-view opened with the Elimination Chamber tag team match for the WWE Tag Team Championship. The Ascension (Konnor and Viktor) entered at #1 whilst The Lucha Dragons (Kalisto and Sin Cara) entered at #2. Tyson Kidd and Cesaro entered at #3 and Los Matadores (Primo and Epico) entered at #4, along with their mascot El Torito. Los Matadores were eliminated by The Acension when Diego was pinned by Konnor after the "Fall of Man". The Lucha Dragons were eliminated by The Ascension when Kalisto was pinned by Konnor after the "Fall of Man". The Prime Time Players (Darren Young and Titus O'Neil) entered at #5 and eliminated The Ascension when Young pinned Viktor after a "Gut Check". The New Day (Big E, Kofi Kingston, and Xavier Woods) entered at #6. Cesaro and Kidd were eliminated by The Prime Time Players when Young pinned Cesaro with a schoolboy. The Prime Time Players were eliminated when O'Neil was pinned by Kingston after a "Trouble in Paradise", resulting in The New Day retaining the WWE Tag Team Championship.  Next, Nikki Bella defended the WWE Divas Championship against Paige and Naomi. Near the end of the match, Naomi performed an inverted frankensteiner on Paige for a near-fall and then attempted an enzuigiri on Nikki. Nikki countered into a "Rack Attack" to retain the title.  After that, NXT Champion Kevin Owens faced WWE United States Champion John Cena. Owens executed a pop-up powerbomb on Cena for a near-fall. Cena performed an "Attitude Adjustment" on Owens for a near-fall. Owens taunted and mocked Cena’s “you can’t see me” gesture, but Cena applied the STF, only for Owens to escape. Owens executed an "Attitude Adjustment" on Cena for a near-fall. Cena performed a clothesline on Owens and attempted another one, but Owens executed a second pop-up powerbomb on Cena to win the match.  In the fourth match, Neville faced Bo Dallas. At the end of the match, as Dallas attempted a "Bo-Dog", Neville countered into an enzuigiri on Dallas. Neville executed a "Red Arrow" on Dallas to win the match.  Next was the Elimination Chamber match for the vacant WWE Intercontinental Championship. King Barrett and Dolph Ziggler began the match as the first two participants. R-Truth entered at #3, and Mark Henry entered the match early at #4 after Barrett tackled Ziggler into Henry's Pod, breaking the Pod. Ryback entered at #5. Barrett was eliminated by R-Truth following a superkick from Ziggler, Snake eyes from Ryback and a "Lie Detector" from R-Truth. Sheamus entered at #6. R-Truth was eliminated by Ryback following "Shell Shocked". Henry was eliminated by Sheamus following a "Brogue Kick". Ziggler was eliminated by Sheamus following a "Brogue Kick". Ryback pinned Sheamus following "Shell Shocked", thus winning his first Intercontinental Championship and his first title in WWE overall.

Main event.

In the main event, Seth Rollins defended the WWE World Heavyweight Championship against Dean Ambrose. At the end of the match, Ambrose attempted a diving elbow drop, but Rollins pulled the referee in front of him who was knocked down. Rollins attempted a Phoenix splash, but Ambrose avoided it and pinned Rollins after a "Dirty Deeds", giving Ambrose the championship. However, the decision was changed to being Rollins being disqualified due to using the referee as a guard, so the championship didn't change hands. After the match, Rollins, Kane, Jamie Noble and Joey Mercury attacked Ambrose. Roman Reigns then appeared, attacking Rollins with a superman punch and threw the title belt to Ambrose. Reigns then fought off Kane with a spear and Noble and Mercury with superman punches. The event ended with Ambrose and Reigns leaving through the crowd with the championship.

Reception.

The event received generally mixed reviews. Jason Powell of "ProWrestling.net" found both Elimination Chamber matches "disappointing"; he called the first a "train wreck opener", and the second "flat". Mike Tedesco of Wrestleview.com thought the event was excellent, particularly the Owens vs. Cena match while also praising the Tag Team Elimination Chamber match. Nolan Howells of "Slam Sports" criticized the Intercontinental Championship Elimination Chamber match and negative score of 1.75 out of 5, but praised the John Cena vs. Kevin Owens match and gave it 4.5 out of 5. Howells gave the main event a 3 out of 5. He wrote "The world title match was a truly great match ruined by a truly awful finish. Predictable and put a whole set of nails in the coffin of an already dead crowd."

Aftermath.

After Dean Ambrose stole the WWE World Heavyweight Championship belt, on the following night's episode of "Raw", The Authority demanded that Ambrose have a rematch with Rollins. Roman Reigns then appeared to tell them that Ambrose would be coming back with the belt only if Rollins was man enough for the title at Money in the Bank in a Ladder Match. Despite The Authority's objections, Rollins accepted the challenge. At Money in the Bank, Rollins won against Ambrose without any interference from The Authority.  Roman Reigns tried to get another shot at the WWE World Heavyweight Championship by qualifying in the Money in the Bank Ladder Match at Money in the Bank. Reigns became close to winning the match and the Money in the Bank contract until Bray Wyatt interfered and cost Reigns the match. This began a feud between Reigns and Wyatt that would last until Hell in a Cell where Reigns defeated Wyatt in a Hell in a Cell match.

Elimination Chamber (2015) (known as No Escape (2015) in Germany) was a professional wrestling pay-per-view (PPV) event and WWE Network event produced by WWE. It took place on May 31, 2015, at the American Bank Center in Corpus Christi, Texas. The sixth Elimination Chamber event, it was the first and only edition to be held in May; previous and future incarnations have taken place in February (except 2020, which will be in March). Although advertised as being exclusive to the WWE Network, the event ultimately aired via traditional pay-per-view outlets in various territories.


Drafts.

Tidrow was originally drafted his senior year at Mount Eden High School in Hayward, California by the Washington Senators in the seventeenth round of the 1965 Major League Baseball draft. He decided, instead, to attend nearby Chabot College. He was also drafted by the San Francisco Giants and Cincinnati Reds, but opted not to sign with either club. The Indians selected him in the fourth round of the January 1967 secondary draft. He eventually signed with them on May 13,.

Cleveland Indians.

Over five seasons in the Indians' farm system, Tidrow compiled a 33-20 record, with a 3.65 earned run average and 441 strikeouts before joining the Tribe out of Spring training 1972. He was roughed up by the Boston Red Sox in his major league debut, but came back nicely in his second start against the Baltimore Orioles. He pitched five scoreless innings before surrendering a two run home run to Terry Crowley in the sixth. The Indians would win 9-2 for Tidrow's first major league win.  Facing the Yankees on May 17, Tidrow allowed a first inning solo home run to Bobby Murcer. He held the Yankees scoreless for the remaining eight innings for his first career complete game, and to improve his recored to 4-2. He then went on a bit of a slide, where he lost six of his next seven starts with a 7.87 ERA. After a couple of relief appearances, he pitched his first career shutout against the Texas Rangers on July 15. Overall, Tidrow went 14-15 with a 2.77 ERA his rookie year.

New York Yankees.

He was traded along with Chris Chambliss and Cecil Upshaw from the Indians to the Yankees for Fritz Peterson, Steve Kline, Fred Beene and Tom Buskey on April 26, 1974. The Yankees were criticized for giving away four pitchers as opposed to the two it got in return and a failure to land a starting second baseman. Tidrow was primarily known as a setup man, or pitcher before the closer; however, on occasion he would also start games. His best seasons were with the Yankees when he helped the team to two World Series championships in 1977 and 1978, beating the Los Angeles Dodgers twice in a row. He was traded the following season to the Cubs for Ray Burris.  He acquired his nickname, "Dirt", while playing for the Yankees, for his somewhat unkempt appearance and his tendency to get his uniform shirt dirty even before the start of a game. His high kick and sidearm delivery anticipated the style of Dennis Eckersley.

Scouting and front office career.

Tidrow joined the San Francisco Giants in 1994, serving two years as Major League scout for the American League before becoming Special Assistant to the General Manager in 1996. Since being promoted to Director of Player Personnel in 1997, he, along with general manager Brian Sabean, was in charge of building a ballclub which appeared in four World Series, including three Championships (2010, 2012 and 2014) within a span of five seasons. He oversaw a farm system that produced Tim Lincecum, Matt Cain, Madison Bumgarner, Sergio Romo, Pablo Sandoval and Buster Posey. Tidrow's current title is Senior Vice President of Player Personnel.

External links.

, or The Ultimate Mets Database

Richard William Tidrow (born May 14, 1947) is an American former Major League Baseball pitcher. Originally a starting pitcher when he came up with the Cleveland Indians in, he was moved into the bullpen by New York Yankees manager Bill Virdon toward the end of the season, and soon emerged as one of the top relievers of the 1970s.