Practices.

Privatization.

Privatization and commodification of public assets have been among the most criticized and disputed aspects of neoliberalism. Summed up, they could be characterized by the process of transferring property from public ownership to private ownership. According to Marxist theory, this serves the interests of the capitalist class, or bourgeoisie, as it moves power from the nation's governments to private parties. At the same time, privatization generates a means for profit for the capitalist class; after a transaction they can then sell or rent to the public what used to be commonly owned, or use it as capital through the capitalist mode of production to generate more capital.

Financialization.

The wave of financialization that set in the 1980s is facilitated by governmental deregulation which has made the financial system one of the main centers of redistributive activity. Stock promotions, Ponzi schemes, structured asset destruction through inflation, asset stripping through mergers and acquisitions, dispossession of assets (raiding of pension funds and their decimation by stock and corporate collapses) by credit and stock manipulations, are, according to Harvey, central features of the post-1970s capitalist financial system. That aspect relies entirely on the fact that the quantity of money in circulation and therefore demand levels and price levels are controlled by the boards of directors of privately owned banks.  Those boards of directors are also on boards of corporations and any number of other legal vehicles who are also profiting from asset price swings. At the heart of accumulation by dispossession is the private control of the quantity of money supply that can be manipulated for private gain, which includes creating unemployment or restive conditions in the population. This process is well documented in English history as far back as prior to the founding of the Bank of England and before that in the Netherlands. The process works well with or without a central bank and with or without gold backing. The details are also manipulated from time to time as needed to satisfy popular rage or apathy.

Management and manipulation of crises.

By creating and manipulating crises, such as by suddenly raising interest rates, poorer nations can be forced into bankruptcy, and agreeing to such deals like that of the structural adjustment programs can yield more damages to those nations. Harvey reasoned that this is authorized by parties such as the U.S. Treasury, World Bank and the International Monetary Fund.

State redistributions.

The neoliberal nation-state is one of the most important agents of redistributive policies. Even when privatization or commodification appear to be profitable to the lower class, in the long run it can affect the economy negatively. The state seeks redistributions through a variety of things, like changing the tax code to profit returns on investment rather than incomes and wages (of the lower classes).

Examples.

Margaret Thatcher's program for the privatization of social housing in Britain was initially seen as beneficial for the lower classes which could now move from rental to ownership at a relatively low cost, gain control over assets and increase their wealth. However, housing speculation took over following the transfers (particularly in the prime central locations), and low-income populations were forced out to the periphery. Ultimately, the new homeowners were also borrowers and paid portions of their yearly income as interest on long-term mortgages, effectively transferring a portion of their wealth to the owners of banks with licenses to create debt money from fractional reserves. Thatcher's council privatization scheme increased the potential number of borrowers in the UK by up to 20% of UK residents who lived in council housing at the end of the 1970s. Contemporary examples include attempts to deprive people of land in places like Nandigram in India and eMacambini in South Africa.  Privatization is the process of transferring public assets from the state to the private companies. Productive assets include natural resources, such as earth, forest, water, and air. Such are assets that states have used to hold in trust for the people it represents. To privatize them away and sell them as stock to private companies is what Harvey calls accumulation by dispossession.  State redistributions can be in the form of contracts given to power groups: for large infrastructures, services paid by the state and carried out by private enterprise, defense developments, research projects. One would have to find out if those contracts serve public good in a fair way or if they sustain a power structure. Also, the granting of licenses for all sorts of state sanctioned activities can turn out as unfair wealth distribution. Another important redistribution channel is by State supported financing of private enterprise activities.

Relation to Marxism.

Harvey links these practices to what Karl Marx called original or primitive accumulation, and ties these to examples from the real world. The neoliberal modernity is, according to Harvey, a modernity in which dispossession plays a large role and in which the capital class is gaining power at the expense of the labour class.

Accumulation by dispossession is a concept presented by the Marxist geographer David Harvey. It defines neoliberal capitalist policies that result in a centralization of wealth and power in the hands of a few by dispossessing the public and private entities of their wealth or land. Such policies are visible in many western nations from the 1970s and to the present day. Harvey argues these policies are guided mainly by four practices: privatization, financialization, management and manipulation of crises, and state redistributions.


Early life and education.

Pakenham was the second son of Thomas Pakenham, 2nd Earl of Longford, by Lady Georgiana Emma Charlotte Lygon, daughter of William Lygon, 1st Earl Beauchamp. He was educated at Winchester College and entered the army in 1837.

Military career.

After service in both the Crimean War and the Indian Rebellion, Pakenham became Adjutant-General in India in November 1858. He was also colonel of the Northumberland Fusiliers from 1878 to his death.

Public life.

He succeeded in the earldom in 1860 on the death of his elder brother, the third Earl and was created KCB in 1861. He sat on the Conservative benches in the House of Lords and served as Under-Secretary of State for War from 1866 to 1868 under first the Earl of Derby and later Benjamin Disraeli. In February 1870 he was voted chairman of the "Central Protestant Defence Association" which was established in response to the Irish Church Act 1869. He also served as Lord Lieutenant of Longford from 1874 to 1887. In Dublin, he was a member of the Kildare Street Club.  He was created KCB in the 1861 Birthday Honours and GCB in the 1881 Birthday Honours.

Family.

Lord Longford married the Honourable Selina Rice-Trevor, daughter of George Rice-Trevor, 4th Baron Dynevor, in 1862. They had four surviving children: Thomas, Lord Pakenham, the Hon. Edward Michael, Lady Georgiana Frances Henrietta (wife of Hugh Gough, 3rd Viscount Gough) and Lady Catherine Louisa (mother of William Fletcher-Vane, 1st Baron Inglewood). Lord Longford died in April 1887, aged 68, and was succeeded in the earldom by his second but eldest surviving son. His grandson Frank Pakenham, 7th Earl of Longford, became a prominent Labour politician. The Countess of Longford survived her husband by over thirty years and died in January 1918, aged 81.

General William Lygon Pakenham, 4th Earl of Longford (31 January 1819 – 19 April 1887), styled The Honourable William Pakenham before 1860, was an Anglo-Irish soldier and Conservative politician.


Competition schedule.

Preliminary stage.

Group 1 (Russian Federation).

Preliminary round.

Avangard Kolomna 2-3 SERP I MOLOT Moskva

First round.

[Apr 25, 1965]

First round replays.

[Apr 26]

Quarterfinals.

[May 6, 1965]

Semifinals.

[Jul 24, 1965]

Final.

[Aug 1, 1965]

Group 2 (Russian Federation).

Preliminary round.

Progress Zelyonodolsk 1-1 Dinamo Kirov

Preliminary round replays.

PROGRESS Zelyonodolsk 1-0 Dinamo Kirov

First round.

[Apr 25, 1965]

Quarterfinals.

[Jul 20, 1965]

Semifinals.

[Sep 21, 1965]

Final.

TORPEDO Pavlovo w/o Rubin Kazan

Group 3 (Russian Federation).

Preliminary round.

ENERGIYA Volzhskiy 1-0 Spartak Oryol

Preliminary round replays.

Volgar Astrakhan 0-1 ENERGIYA Novocherkassk

First round.

[Apr 25, 1965]

First round replays.

[Apr 26]

Quarterfinals.

METALLURG Kuibyshev 1-0 Neftyanik Syzran

Semifinals.

[Sep 2, 1965]

Final.

[Oct 27, 1965]

Group 4 (Russian Federation).

Preliminary round.

DINAMO Kirovabad 3-1 Dinamo Baku

First round.

[Apr 24, 1965]

First round replays.

[Apr 25]

Quarterfinals.

[May 6, 1965]

Semifinals.

[Oct 30, 1965]

Semifinals replays.

[Oct 31]

Final.

[Nov 14, 1965]

Final replays.

[Nov 15]

Group 5 (Russian Federation).

Preliminary round.

[Apr 18, 1965]

First round.

KHIMIK Chirchik 2-0 Metallist Jambul

First round replays.

Shakhtyor Osh 1-5 TRUD Kurgan

Quarterfinals.

METALLURG Magnitogorsk 1-0 Spartak Samarkand [aet]

Semifinals.

STROITEL Ufa 5-2 Metallurg Magnitogorsk

Final.

[Oct 9, 1965]

Group 6 (Russian Federation).

Preliminary round.

ARMEYETS Ulan-Ude 2-1 Torpedo Tomsk

First round.

[Apr 28, 1965]

First round replays.

[Apr 29]

Quarterfinals.

[May 22, 1965]

Quarterfinals replays.

[May 23]

Semifinals.

[Aug 3, 1965]

Final.

AVANGARD Komsomolsk-na-Amure 2-0 Vostok Ust-Kamenogorsk

Group Central Asia and Kazakhstan.

Preliminary round.

SHAKHTYOR Osh 6-0 Pahtakor Kurgan-Tyube

First round.

KHIMIK Chirchik 3-1 Pamir Leninabad

First round replays.

Spartak Andizhan 1-2 SHAKHTYOR Osh

Quarterfinals.

KHIMIK Chirchik 2-0 Spartak Samarkand

Semifinals.

KHIMIK Chirchik 4-1 Vakhsh Nurek

Final.

KHIMIK Chirchik 1-0 Shakhtyor Osh

Final stage.

Preliminary round.

[Jun 19]

First round.

[Jun 18]

First round replays.

[Jun 19]

Second round.

[Jul 11]

Second round replays.

[Jul 20]

Third round.

[Jul 23]

Third round replays.

[Aug 7]

Fourth round.

[Aug 13]

Quarterfinals.

[Sep 3]

Semifinals.

[Oct 7, Leningrad]

The 1965–66 Soviet Cup was an association football cup competition of the Soviet Union. The winner of the competition, Dinamo Kiev qualified for the continental tournament.


Dates for abolition of the death penalty.

The clause that prohibits the death penalty has been a part of the Constitution since 1975. Sweden is a state party to the Second Optional Protocol to ICCPR (ratified in 1990), Protocol No. 6 to ECHR (1984), and Protocol No. 13 to ECHR (2003).  In the Riksdag of the Estates, a majority of the peasants worked for the abolition of the death penalty, for example when the new penalty code of 1864 was discussed.

Titles.

Two titles were used for the official who carried out the execution: "skarprättare", who carried out beheadings and "bödel", who carried out other types of capital punishment. Originally beheading by sword was reserved for nobles, where as commoners could be beheaded by axe or hanged. By the 18th century all beheadings were made by axe, for commoners and nobles alike, and some crimes such as forgery always carried the punishment of hanging. During the 19th century, each province of Sweden along with the City of Stockholm had an appointed executioner who travelled the area to carry out executions. In 1900, a national executioner () was appointed, a position that was filled by the last executioner Albert Gustaf Dahlman who until then had been responsible for carrying out executions in Stockholm.

Last execution.

Last execution.

Johan Alfred Ander was the last person executed in Sweden. He was sentenced to death for a murder during the course of a robbery that was committed in January 1910. His sentence was not commuted and he was executed 23 November at Långholmen in Stockholm using a guillotine (the only time a guillotine was used in Sweden). The executioner was Albert Gustaf Dahlman, who died in 1920. At his death at 72, he was the last of all executioners in Sweden.

Last death sentence issued.

Mohammed Beck Hadjetlaché, an exiled monarchist and member of the White movement, received the last death sentence in Sweden, on 28 May 1920, for robbery-homicide of three Russian nationals, all supposed Bolshevik sympathisers in the so-called "Ryssvillan" ("Russian villa") in 1919, though the crimes, denounced as particularly gruesome and meticulously planned, may have claimed of another four victims, all missing to this day. His accomplices received lesser penalties, and after appeal, the death sentence (as was practice at the time) was changed in Svea Hovrätt (appellate court) to a lifetime of hard labour. Hadjetlaché allegedly succumbed to mental illness in jail, and died in confinement in Långholmen in 1929.  The last woman sentenced to death – also the last death sentence "not to be reprieved" – was the "angelmaker" Hilda Nilsson, who was sentenced to the guillotine on 14 July 1917 for the murder of several infant children. She preempted the execution by hanging herself in her cell in Landskrona Citadel. It is suggested that a decision to commute the sentence had in fact been taken, but if so she did not know of it at the time of her suicide.

Last execution of a woman.

The last woman executed was Anna Månsdotter, who was executed on 7 August 1890 by decapitation with an axe. Månsdotter and her son Per Nilsson had murdered Per's wife, Hanna Johansdotter. Månsdotter was also involved in an incestuous relationship with her son, who was sentenced to life imprisonment and who was released in 1914. The last woman executed in the capital of Stockholm was Helena Katarina Löv, who was decapitated for the murder of a child on 19 September 1829.

Last public executions.

The last public executions in Sweden were carried out 18 May 1876. Both executions, by means of beheading, are supposed to have been carried out at the same time in the morning, at 7. The executed were Konrad Lundqvist Petterson Tector and Gustav Erikson Hjert and the executions were carried out at Stenkumla Backe near Visby and at Lidamon (near Malmköping). Both had been sentenced to death for the same crime, a failed robbery against a stagecoach two years earlier, which resulted in the murder of one of the passengers and the driver of the coach. The executions were carried out by Per Petter Christiansson Steineck and Johan Fredrik Hjort.

Last use of method other than beheading.

The last time a method other than beheading was practiced was in 1836; the method used was hanging by the neck. Although it was not subsequently used, it remained available as a form of capital punishment until the Penal Code of 1864 removed that option.

Last execution for other crime than murder.

The last time a death sentence was carried out for any other crime than murder was on 10 August 1853 when Mårten Persson was executed for aggravated assault at Rögla (near Ystad). The last execution carried out for a non-fatal assault was on 29 March 1837, when Anders Gustaf Lindberg was beheaded in Stockholm.

Last execution for bestiality.

In 1778, the last known execution for bestiality in Sweden happened.

Number of executions during 1800–1866, 1867–1921.

Between 1800 and 1866, 644 executions were carried out in Sweden, the second highest per-capita number in Europe after Spain. In 1864, when the Penal Code was reformed, and the use of capital punishment was severely restricted, rather than abolished (as had been proposed), and hanging was abolished. In the following years (from 1866) up until the abolishment of the death penalty in 1921, fifteen people were executed (out of about 120 sentenced). The only crime that after 1864 carried a mandatory death sentence was the slaying of a prison guard by a prisoner serving life sentence. Two of the executions carried out after 1864 were for this crime; the execution of Jonas Magnus Jonasson Borg in 1866 and the execution of Carl Otto Andersson in 1872.

Attitude towards capital punishment in the general public.

The support for capital punishment in Sweden varies between 30-40%. A 2006 study from SIFO shows that 36% of the population believes that there are crimes that should be punished by death. Support is in general more common amongst young males, but no age group shows a majority in favor of capital punishment.

Capital punishment in Sweden was last used in 1910, though it remained a legal sentence for at least some crimes until 1973. It is now outlawed by the Swedish Constitution, which states that capital punishment, corporal punishment, and torture are strictly prohibited. At the time of the abolition of the death penalty in Sweden, the legal method of execution was beheading.


History.

2015-2016: Formation and first album "The World Standard".

In January 2015, iDOL Street held an audition for their fourth major idol group at Yoyogi Park Outer Field Stage. On March 29, 2015, Wasuta was formally announced at an iDOL Street Street-sei event. The group's image is described as a digital age idol generation that works towards the world to spread "kawaii japan idol" culture using social media and "real idol" activities. Their first performance was on April 29 at "iDOL Street Carnival 2015 - GOLDEN PARADE!!!!!" at NHK Hall.  In September 2015, the members of Wasuta appeared as in-game characters in the mobile game "Nyan Puzzle". They released their first digital single "Inu Neko. Seishun Massakari" in October 2015.  In February 2016, the members of Wasuta participated in a "student pass" promotion campaign for Sanrio Puroland, and performed their first one-man concert on February 28 at Shibuya Club Quattro. In May, Wasuta released their first full album, "The World Standard". In June, Wasuta created the song "Pawawawawan!!! Powerpuff Girls" to promote the release of "The Powerpuff Girls" series in Japan, and performed at the @JAM festival in Shanghai, China. In July Wasuta appeared at C3 CharaExpo in Singapore. In September, they were appointed as official supporters for the 20th anniversary of the Tokyo Game Show, and released the song "Gu Choki Pants no Seigi San" as the opening theme for the anime series "Heybot!" In October, the group began the radio program "World Standard Nippon", broadcasting weekly through March 2017, and released their first CD single, "Kanzen naru Idol".

2017: Idol Time PriPara and "Paradox World".

In February 2017, Wasuta released the Blu-ray video and digital album "Kanzen'naru Live House Tour 2016 Tour Final at Shibuya O-West". The same month, Wasuta released the single "Yuumei ni, Nyaritai" and performed at Japan Expo Thailand 2017. In April, the follow-up single "Just Be Yourself" was released as the opening theme for the anime series "Idol Time PriPara" and the film "PriPara Movie: Minna no Kagayake! Kirarin☆Star Live!", and the group performed at Tale in Wonderland Vol.2 in Taipei, Taiwan.  In June 2017, Wasuta returned to Taipei for the solo concert "Wasuta Land". In July, they performed in Paris, France, at Japan Expo, and in Shanghai at @JAM 2017.  In October 2017, Wasuta had same-day triple-release which included the album "Paradox World", the CD single "Saijoukyuu Paradox" (a new opening theme for "Idol Time PriPara"), and the digital live album "The World Standard ~Yume ga arukara tsuite kite ne~ @ Zepp DiverCity (Tokyo) 22.Apr. 2017". The group also announced a collaboration with the Big Echo karaoke chain.

2018: "Jumping Summer", "Kiratto Pri Chan", "Yo Quiero Vivir".

In January 2018, Wasuta performed at Japan Expo Thailand 2018. In March, the group released the music card digital single "Welcome to Dream" ("Idol Time PriPara" ending theme), followed in April by the digital single "Pretty ☆ Channel" ("Kiratto Pri☆chan" ending theme).  In June 2018, Wasuta released the mini-album "Jumping Summer", which featured collaborations with vocaloid producer Mikito P ("Platonic Girl"), Da-iCE's Taiki Kudo, and Shirose of White Jam ("Tapioca Milk Tea"). That same month, Wasuta was appointed official "Kawaii Ambassador" for the Rage Summer 2018 esports tournament, was featured in a promotion campaign for the Ise Egg company, and performed at Asia Comic Con in Bangkok, Thailand.  In July 2018, Wasuta collaborated with The Alley boba tea restaurant to promote the music video for "Tapioca Milk Tea", which included the members taking tea orders and serving fans in person. In August 2018, they collaborated with the spanish duo Adexe & Nau on a Japanese/Spanish remix of the single "Yo Quiero Vivir". On September 29-30, Wasuta performed at Japan Weekend Madrid.  In October 2018, Wasuta released the single "Kira Kira Hologram" ("Kiratto Pri☆chan" ending theme) and the mini-album "Girls Be Ambitious!"  In December 2018, Wasuta was featured in a promotion campaign for Hokkaido Resort Liner and Kiroro Ski Resort, which included special wrap-around bus images and a ski-themed music video for the song "Love Unmelt". The group was also added to the artist lineup of the Japanese mobile game "Girls Beat Stage". Wasuta performed at the Japan and Vietnam Sports & Culture Festival Kizuna at Hoa Lu Stadium in Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam, on December 29 and 30, 2018.

2019: "Cat'ch The World", "The Legend of WASUTA", "Shani Muni Ikiru!".

In January 2019, Wasuta performed at Japan Expo Thailand 2019 in Bangkok. In February 2019, the members of Wasuta were featured as models in a promotion campaign for the Jamie Ank spring fashion collection.  In March 2019, Wasuta returned as "Kawaii Ambassador" for the Rage Spring 2019 esports tournament and performed at @JAMxTALE 2019 in Hong Kong. Also in March, Wasuta released their third full album "Cat'ch The World", which ranked number 17 on the Oricon chart. In April, the group's song "Shining Flower" was used as the ending theme song for the second season of "Kiratto Pri☆chan".  On May 25, Wasuta performed their first North American concert at Anime North in Toronto, Canada. In June, the RPG-video-game themed mini-album "The Legend of WASUTA" was released, reaching number 15 on Oricon. In October, the group released the double-single "Shani Muni Ikiru! / Bathtub Aromatic", which was the group's first release to break into Oricon's Top 10 ranking.  Wasuta also released their first photobook "Wasuta – Wonderful Collection" in 2019, and launched their own YouTube channel for the group's music videos and video diaries (called "Wa→Tube") recorded in Japan and overseas.

2020: "Wasuta BEST", 5th Anniversary.

On February 1-2, 2020, Wasuta performed at Japan Expo Thailand 2020. Also in February, Japan's Hawaiian Pancake Factory created a limited-time "Wasuta Cafe" with special menu items designed by the group members and decorations in the Shinjuku restaurant.  In March 2020, Wasuta released the 2-CD "Wasuta BEST" collection, which included the group's lead tracks from their debut in 2015 through the 2020 song "Grapefruit Moon". The set's second disc featured 10 songs chosen by members of Wasuta’s “Wa-Ship” fan club.  On March 28, 2020, Wasuta performed a no-audience livestream concert at Line Cube Shibuya for their 5th Anniversary after the original plans for the event had been cancelled by COVID-19 restrictions. On the same day, the group's second photobook "1/5" was released, featuring images of each member in her hometown.  In April 2020, the group was featured in the Japanese mobile rhythm game "Ai Koi Noto".

The World Standard, stylized as, is a five-member Japanese idol group formed by Avex Trax in 2015. The group, which frequently uses cat-like wordplay and colorful costumes in their song lyrics and performances, has contributed songs to the anime series "Idol Time PriPara" and "Kiratto Pri Chan." Since 2016, Wasuta has released 3 albums, 3 mini-albums, 5 CD singles, 5 digital singles, 2 live albums, 1 best album, and a live concert Blu-ray from their first nationwide Japanese tour.


Description and history.

The Pittsylvania County Courthouse is located on the east side of US Business Route 29, at the northeast corner of Bank Street. The original portion of the building, built in 1853, faces west, with a modern addition extending to the east along Bank Street. It is a two-story brick building, with a combination of Classical and Italianate styling, designed by L.M. Shumaker. It has a pedimented Greek Revival portico, supported by four fluted Doric columns, and is topped by a tall cupola housing a bell and clock.  Both the county, formed in 1767, and the town of Chatham were named for William Pitt, 1st Earl of Chatham, then the "de facto" leader of the British government. The present court house replaced a structure built in 1783, one block west of where the old offices of the clerk still stands. The court was removed to this locality from Callands in 1777.  In 1878, Judge J.D. Coles, a district judge, was arrested and for violating the Civil Rights Act of 1875 by excluding African Americans from the jury selection process for grand juries and trial juries. Coles filed for release from custody, on the grounds that his rights as an individual and as an officer of the state had been violated. In "Ex parte Virginia", the United States Supreme Court ruled against Coles, indicating that the Equal Protection Clause of the Fourteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution provided redress against the operation of state laws and the actions of state officials. It was one of a small number of victories for advocates of civil rights in the period.

The Pittsylvania County Courthouse is located at 1 North Main Street in downtown Chatham, Virginia, USA. Built in 1853, this Greek Revival building was Pittsylvania County's third courthouse. It was declared a National Historic Landmark in 1987, because it was the scene of events leading to "Ex parte Virginia", a United States Supreme Court case extending the Equal Protection Clause to state actions such as jury selection.


Biography.

Olive Yang was born on 24 June 1927 in northern Shan States, British Burma. She received an education at Lashio's Guardian Angel's Convent School. At the age of 19, she organized ethnic Kokang forces, nicknamed the Olive's Boys, an army of over a thousand soldiers and consolidated control of opium trade routes from the highlands to lowlands. She dominated Kokang's opium trade from the end of World War II to the early 1960s. In the 1950s, after the Nationalist defeat and their subsequent expulsion from mainland China, she partnered with the Kuomintang to establish opium trade routes along the Golden Triangle (Southeast Asia).  From 1948 to 1950, she was married to Twan Sao Wen, the son of Tamaing's chieftain, and had a son, Duan Jipu (段吉卜), in 1950. Her son is a teacher in Chiang Mai, Thailand.  From the 1950s to the mid-1960s, she was the commander of the Kokang Kakweye (People's Defense Forces). She was a prominent figure in opium trafficking and gold trading. She was arrested in 1962, along with her brother Jimmy, a member of parliament in Yangon, by Burmese authorities, to remove them from power and place Kokang territory under Burmese administration. She was imprisoned at Insein Prison and released in 1968.  Yang was known to be a bisexual woman who carried on affairs with film actresses and singers, including Wah Wah Win Shwe (). In the late 1980s, she was recruited by Khin Nyunt to help broker ceasefires in Burma with ethnic rebel groups.  After her release, she reportedly spent her final years as a nun. In 2003, after a period of chronic illness, she returned to Kokang, where she lived until her death at the age of 90.

Olive Yang (; also known as Yang Kyin Hsiu, nicknamed Miss Hairy Legs) was a prominent opium warlord and the sister of Sao Edward Yang Kyein Tsai, the saopha (chief) of Kokang, a state in post-independent Burma from 1949 to 1959.


Club career.

Fulham.

Marsh-Brown graduated through the Fulham Academy to sign professional forms in summer 2009. He was on the bench for a number of Fulham's key knock-out games during their run to the 2010 UEFA Europa League Final, including those against Shakhtar Donetsk and Juventus, but he remained on the bench on each occasion. In November 2010, there were reports that both Tottenham Hotspur and Manchester City were considering making £500,000 offers for the player. In January 2011, Marsh-Brown signed an extension to his contract, keeping him at the club until June 2013. Later that month he joined League One side Milton Keynes Dons on a one-month loan deal. Impressing "the Dons", his loan spell was extended to the end of the season. He made his senior debut on 2 February 2011, replacing Lewis Guy 68 minutes into a 2–1 win at Bristol Rovers. Three days later he got his second start, in a 2–2 draw with Sheffield Wednesday at Hillsborough. On 12 February, he scored his first senior goal, earning "the Dons" a 1–1 draw at home to Brentford. On 30 August 2011, Marsh-Brown signed on loan for Dundee United until mid January 2012, with the option to extend the deal until the end of the 2011–12 season. He joined his Fulham teammate Lauri Dalla Valle at Dundee United, who have links with Fulham via their reserve team coach, ex-United player Billy McKinlay. After only one appearance he returned to Fulham.

Oldham Athletic.

After a two-week trial, Marsh-Brown joined League One side Oldham Athletic on 30 January 2012 on a deal to the end of the season, with an option to extend for a further season. Oldham manager Paul Dickov said: "I saw a lot of Keanu last season and he looked one of the best players in our division. The boy has bags and bags of ability, as well as raw pace, and he is a signing who excites me having followed his career for a long time."  He made his club debut the same day as a substitute in a Football League Trophy match against Chesterfield. He scored his first goal for Oldham in a 1–1 draw against Colchester United on 28 February. Marsh-Brown received a red card for a two-footed tackle in a 2–1 loss against Scunthorpe United on 6 March.

Yeovil Town.

On 29 May 2012, Marsh-Brown joined League One side Yeovil Town following his release from Oldham Athletic and signed a one-year deal.  He scored in Yeovil's 3–0 win over Colchester United in the League Cup on 14 August 2012 and got the opening goal against Scunthorpe on 25 August 2012 in a 4–0 win for Yeovil.  On 25 January 2013, having fallen out of favour at Yeovil Town the club and Marsh-Brown agreed to cancel his contract by mutual agreement.

Barnet.

Marsh-Brown joined Barnet on 28 March 2013 until the end of the season. He scored the winner on his debut against AFC Wimbledon on 1 April 2013. In June 2013, he signed with Barnet for the 2013–14 season. After 13 goals for the Bees in 2013–14, Marsh-Brown was transfer-listed to raise funds. Manager Martin Allen said: "As a club we need to increase the funds in the budget, I have explained this to Keanu and he can, without a shadow of a doubt, go on to play in League One and win games".  Marsh-Brown fell out of favour in the 2014–15 season, with Mauro Vilhete, Lee Cook, Luisma and Adam Mekki all preferred by Martin Allen. Bids from Blackpool and Luton Town on transfer deadline day were rejected by the club, while the player himself turned down a move to Forest Green Rovers. He had a trial Peterborough United in November 2014.  Marsh-Brown made just 11 appearances in all competitions in the 2014–15 season. Notably, he was not given a league winner's medal at the end of the season, unlike other players who had made fewer appearances. In June 2015, the Bees took up an option to extend Marsh-Brown's contract.

Forest Green Rovers.

Marsh-Brown joined Forest Green on trial in June 2015, and later signed on a two-year deal for an undisclosed fee. He made his debut on the first day of the 2015–16 season in a 1–0 away win over Altrincham.  He helped the club reach the 2015–16 National League play-offs, and scored the semi-final winning goal against Dover Athletic on 7 May 2016 that helped the club reach the play-off final. He played the full 90 minutes in the play-off final at Wembley Stadium on 15 May 2016, scoring with a long-range strike, but could not prevent the club missing out on promotion to the Football League in a 3–1 loss to Grimsby Town.  The following 2016-17 National League season saw him play again at Wembley Stadium with Forest Green for the play-off final which this time saw a 3–1 win over Tranmere Rovers earn the club a first ever promotion to the Football League.  At the end of the 2017-18 season, Forest Green announced that Marsh-Brown would be one of the players that would not be offered a new contract at the club.

Dover Athletic (loan).

Marsh-Brown joined National League team Dover Athletic on loan from Forest Green in March 2018. He scored twice on his debut at home against leaders Macclesfield Town as Dover won 2-0. He was used mainly as a substitute for the rest of the season making just one more start the following week away at Barrow. He scored late on in the final day away at Woking as Dover won 2-1, relegating Woking but finishing outside of the play-offs on goal difference.

Newport County.

On 22 June 2018 Marsh-Brown joined Newport County on a two-year deal. He made his debut for Newport on 4 August 2018 in a 3-0 League Two defeat against Mansfield Town. On 30 March 2019 he scored his first goal for Newport in the 3-1 League Two win against Yeovil Town. He was part of the team that reached the League Two playoff final at Wembley Stadium on 25 May 2019. Newport lost to Tranmere Rovers, 1-0 after a goal in the 119th minute.  In September 2019 Marsh-Brown attracted criticism from Newport manager Michael Flynn, who alleged the player had not informed the club of his participation in Guyana's CONCACAF Nations League games against Aruba and Jamaica. Flynn stated Marsh-Brown would not be part of Newport's plans going forward, though the player had continued to train with Newport until travelling for international duty. Marsh-Brown insisted the club was told on 20 August. Marsh-Brown's mother subsequently shared an email with the South Wales Argus allegedly sent from Guyana's General Secretary Rennella Bourne to Newport County, indicating notification of the absence, but the email referred to the previous year's tournament. His contract at Newport was terminated by mutual consent on 23 December 2019.

Memphis 901 FC.

On 17 January 2020, Memphis 901 FC announced his signature.

International career.

Marsh-Brown has 4 caps for England U16 and 11 caps for England U17. He was called up to the England C squad for a friendly against a Latvia U-23 team on 10 September 2013, and played the entire game, which England lost 1–0.  In March 2015, Marsh-Brown was called up to the Antigua and Barbuda squad for a training camp ahead of 2018 FIFA World Cup qualification, alongside younger brother Kyjuon.  In March 2019 he was called up to the Guyana squad alongside his older brother Ronayne Marsh-Brown. He made his international debut for Guyana on 23 March 2019 against Belize and claimed an assist for the second goal in the 2-1 win.

Personal life.

Marsh-Brown has 3 brothers, Kwai, Ky, and Ronayne Marsh-Brown, who are all footballers. His older brother Ronayne represents the Guyana national football team.

Keanu Marqheal Marsh-Brown (born 10 August 1992) is a footballer who currently plays for Memphis 901. Born in England, he represents Guyana internationally.


History.

The USS "Peter Silvester" was laid down on March 31, 1942 and built by the California Shipbuilding Corp. The ship was named after Peter Silvester (1734–1808), an American politician who was a member of the United States House of Representatives from New York, who backed the patriot cause during the American Revolution. The ship launched nearly two months later, on May 27, 1942.

Sinking.

1st attempt.

On April 29, 1943, the ship, unescorted, was unsuccessfully attacked by while en route from Espírito Santo to San Francisco, California. Two torpedoes passed beneath the ship and exploded harmlessly some distance away.

2nd attempt.

On February 6, 1945 the "Peter Silvester" was torpedoed by the in the Indian Ocean, () about 750 miles west of Perth, Western Australia. Both torpedoes struck on the starboard side at the #3 hold. It was reported that one torpedo went straight through the ship while the other detonated in the hold which ruptured the deck forward of the bridge and blew off the hatch cover. This led to flooding of the hold and the engine room. The ship was then hit at 17.10 hours by two more torpedoes on the starboard side at the traverse bulkhead between holds #2 and #3. The eight officers, 34 crewmen, 26 armed guards and 107 US Army troops abandoned ship in four lifeboats and six rafts. Soon after, the ship was hit by a coup de grâce at the #1 hold. This caused the ship to break in two. The forward section sank immediately, while the after section stayed afloat and was last seen deep in the water in the evening of February 8th. At the time of its sinking, the ship was carrying 2,700 tons of US Army supplies, in addition to 317 mules bound for Burma.  An extended search was conducted by all available ships of the US and Australian Navies. Within two days, 15 survivors in a lifeboat were picked up by the American steam merchant "Cape Edmont" and landed at Fremantle, Australia on February 12, 1945. The following day, February 13, 80 survivors on six rafts, and 12 survivors in a lifeboat, were picked up by and brought to Fremantle after five days. 20 survivors in a third boat were picked up on February 28, 1945 by HMS "Activity" (D 94) and landed at Fremantle on March 2, 1945. The last 15 survivors in another boat, adrift for 32 days, were rescued on March 9, 1945 by USS "Rock" (SS 274) and landed at Exmouth Gulf. The last lifeboat carrying 1 crewmen, 7 armed guards and 25 troops were lost.  The "Peter Silvester" was the last ship sunk by German U-boats in the Indian Ocean.

Survivors.

Some of the survivors from the ship, that a rescued sailor wrote down.

USS "Peter Silvester", was an American merchant marine ship built for the United States Maritime Commission. "Peter Silvester" was torpedoed and sunk by the off the coast of Australia in the Indian Ocean on February 6, 1945. 33 men aboard the ship died and 142 were eventually rescued, with some rescued weeks after the initial sinking.


Early Life and Education.

Fanny Young Cory was born in Waukegan, Illinois, on October 17, 1877, the daughter of Benjamin Sayre Cory and Jessy Salter McDougall. As a child, she drew or sketched on anything she could find. When Cory was ten years old, her mother died of tuberculosis. Two years later, Cory's father moved the family to Helena, Montana.  Cory was 14 when she began to study under artist Mary C. Wheeler, the art supervisor of the Helena school system. In 1894, her older brother Jack and his wife Bertha invited her to stay in New York with them. Two years later, Cory enrolled at the Metropolitan School of Fine Arts. The following year, she was accepted by the Art Students League. Although Cory was a top student, the family had little money to spare for her education. In addition, Cory wanted to help care for her sister Agnes, who had tuberculosis. So, Cory left school.

Illustration career.

Wanting to support herself and her ailing sister Agnes, Cory began selling her drawings. She made her first sale in 1898 to "The Century Magazine." As her career blossomed, Cory did covers and interior illustrations for magazines including "Century", "Harper's Bazaar", "Life", "Scribner's", "The Saturday Evening Post" and "St. Nicholas".  Cory illustrated numerous books including a 1902 edition of "Alice's Adventures in Wonderland" and "Through the Looking Glass" by Lewis Carroll. She illustrated L. Frank Baum's books "The Master Key" and "The Enchanted Island of Yew". She illustrated Marion Hill's "The Pettison Twins" (McClure, Phillips & Co, 1906). Cory illustrated William L. Hill's "Jackieboy in Rainbowland" (Rand McNally & Company, 1911). Between 1913 and 1926, Cory decided to focus on raising her children, and she put her career on hold.  To relax, Cory began painting whimsical watercolors of fairies, flowers, birds, and other small animals. She made one for each letter of the alphabet, each one accompanied by a poem. She called them her "Fairy Alphabet." Cory considered these paintings her finest work, although she said she had no plans for them. The Montana Historical Society museum exhibited the paintings in the 1950s, but it was not until the 1980s that "The Fairy Alphabet" was published. The book was re-released by Riverbend Publishing in 2011.

Comic strips.

Cory's first attempt at cartooning, "Ben Bolt, or, The Kid You Were Yourself," flopped. But in the 1920s, needing money to send her children to college, Cory decided to try again. She began producing a single-panel cartoon called "Other People's Children."  In 1926, Cory began her favorite comic, "Sonnysayings," distributed by the Ledger Syndicate. It featured a precocious 5-year-old boy and his view of the world. "Sonnysayings" appeared in many newspapers throughout the United States, Canada, Australia, and Scotland, under the name of Fanny Y. Cory. By 1935, "Sonnnysayings" had moved to King Features, where it ran until Cory's retirement in 1956. The cartoon was so popular that E. P. Dutton released a book collection in 1929.  In 1935, Cory launched "Little Miss Muffet", syndicated by King Features until June 30, 1956. Designed to compete with "Little Orphan Annie," the cartoon featured the adventures of orphan Milly Muffet and her dog. ("Little Miss Muffet" was written by Tecla Scheuring from 1940–1946.) A "Little Miss Muffet" comic book was published in 1948 and 1949 by Best Books.

Personal life.

Cory returned to Montana in 1902 after the death of her sister Agnes. Her brothers, Jack and Bob, wanted to try their luck at gold mining, and they invited their sister to join them. The siblings had three cabins built northeast of Helena, not far from the mine. Cory called hers a "studio."  In 1904, Cory married Fred Cooney and moved to his ranch on the Missouri River near the community of Canyon Ferry. She embraced ranch life, creating her illustrations with her drawing board in her lap as she sat by the window in the living room of the ranch house. She planted large gardens, canned the produce, and decorated her canning labels with illustrations. The couple had 3 children: Sayre, Robert, and Ted. In 1951, Cory was named Montana Mother of the Year. Cory retired in 1956. She moved to the Puget Sound area to be near her daughter, Sayre. She died in 1972 in Stanwood, Washington.  Her brother J. Campbell Cory also became a cartoonist. Fanny Cory was related to Kate Cory, particularly noted for her photographs and paintings of the Hopi.

Fanny Young Cory (October 17, 1877 – July 28, 1972) was a cartoonist and book illustrator best known for her comic strips "Sonnysayings" and "Little Miss Muffet". Cory was one of America's first female syndicated cartoonists.


German Township, Fayette County, Pennsylvania

History.

German Township is one of the nine original townships of Fayette county established by the first court held at Uniontown on Dec. 27, 1783.  The Andrew Rabb House was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1992.

Geography.

German Township is on the western edge of Fayette County, bordered on the west by the Monongahela River. To the north are Luzerne and Redstone townships, to the northeast is Menallen Township, to the east is South Union Township, to the southeast is Georges Township, and to the south is Nicholson Township, all in Fayette County. To the west across the river are Monongahela and Cumberland townships in Greene County. The borough of Masontown is in the southwest corner of the township but is a separate municipality.  According to the United States Census Bureau, German Township has a total area of, of which is land and, or 1.10%, is water.  Pennsylvania Route 21 crosses the township, leading east to Uniontown, the Fayette County seat, and west across the Monongahela to Waynesburg. Pennsylvania Route 166 leads north from PA 21 near Edenborn in the center of German Township to Republic in Redstone Township.

Demographics.

As of the census of 2000, there were 5,595 people, 2,148 households, and 1,525 families residing in the township. The population density was 167.9 people per square mile (64.8/km2). There were 2,333 housing units at an average density of 70.0/sq mi (27.0/km2). The racial makeup of the township was 91.85% White, 7.20% African American, 0.20% Native American, 0.07% Asian, 0.09% from other races, and 0.59% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 0.45% of the population.  There were 2,148 households, out of which 31.2% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 52.0% were married couples living together, 13.1% had a female householder with no husband present, and 29.0% were non-families. 26.2% of all households were made up of individuals, and 14.1% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.57 and the average family size was 3.10.  In the township the population was spread out, with 24.8% under the age of 18, 7.0% from 18 to 24, 28.1% from 25 to 44, 24.3% from 45 to 64, and 15.9% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 39 years. For every 100 females there were 91.9 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 86.9 males.  The median income for a household in the township was $27,434, and the median income for a family was $32,428. Males had a median income of $33,646 versus $20,333 for females. The per capita income for the township was $16,769. About 16.9% of families and 19.9% of the population were below the poverty line, including 27.6% of those under age 18 and 15.7% of those age 65 or over.

German Township is a township in Fayette County, Pennsylvania, United States. The population was 5,097 at the 2010 census, down from 5,595 at the 2000 census. McClellandtown is the township's largest village. The Albert Gallatin Area School District serves the region.


Biography.

His father was an industrialist. He attended secondary school in Angoulême; graduating in 1887. Five years later, he went to England, where he attended Eton College, then went to the Hochschule Mittweida in Germany and earned an industrial engineering degree in 1897. After that, he toured Europe to learn more about new steel making techniques.  He worked as director of the family business for several years but, after his mother's death in 1902, he resigned to pursue painting, which he had always felt was his true vocation. Shortly after, his family's company was merged with others to become Altos Hornos de Vizcaya.  He began his studies in Bilbao with, then went to Paris and became involved in the Postimpressionist movement. He also attended the Académie Julian and took private lessons from the sculptor and ceramicist, Paco Durrio. In 1905, he took an extensive trip throughout Europe, then returned home.  Rather than show his paintings at the National Exhibition of Fine Arts, he had his first major showing in 1911 at the Salon d'Automne, where he displayed works in a variety of new styles and caught the attention of the poet Guillaume Apollinaire, who was also a noted art critic.  After an extended stay in Granada, he spent some time in Ávila, then presented his works in an exhibition at the Ateneo de Madrid (1916). He settled there in 1918, participated in the creation of the and continued to exhibit widely throughout the 1920s. He spent 1930 visiting with his friend, Miguel de Unamuno, who had been exiled to Hendaye.  Immediately after his death, a major retrospective was held in Paris at the Marcel Barheim gallery. Numerous others have been held throughout Spain; in 1949, 1955, 1961, 1965 and 1978.

Juan de Echevarría Zuricalday or, in Basque, Juan Etxebarria Zurikaldai (14 April 1875. Bilbao - 8 June 1931, Madrid) was a Spanish painter of Basque ancestry. He is generally associated with the Fauvist movement and is known primarily for landscapes, still lifes and portraits.


Description and plot.

The musical is almost entirely sung-through, with minimal spoken dialogue. The plot is loosely based on the Canonical Gospels' accounts of the last week of the life of Jesus Christ, beginning with the preparation for the arrival of Jesus and his disciples in Jerusalem and ending with the crucifixion.  The disciple Judas Iscariot is worried that Jesus has become too swept up in the adoration of his followers, rather than focusing on his teachings about taking care of the poor, and that his following has grown too large and outspoken, which could soon provoke the wrath of the Roman Empire ("Heaven on Their Minds"). Judas also objects to Jesus spending his time with Mary Magdalene ("What's the Buzz / Strange Thing Mystifying"), who advises Jesus to relax ("Everything's All Right"). Judas's fears prove justified as priests Caiaphas, Annas and more gather and agree that Jesus and his movement must be crushed ("This Jesus Must Die"). Jesus enters Jerusalem filled with exaltation ("Hosanna") until he discovers that his temple has become overrun with unscrupulous merchants and money lenders. Overwhelmed by a throng of people needing his assistance, he tells them to heal themselves ("The Temple"), and his follower Mary Magdalene attempts to calm him. Fearing that Jesus' movement is getting out of control, Judas goes to the Priests and tells them where Jesus will be the following night. The Priests pay him with 30 pieces of silver. Judas arrives at Jesus' location with Roman soldiers and identifies Jesus by kissing him on the cheek. The soldiers arrest Jesus and send him to Caiaphas, then Pontius Pilate, King Herod Antipas, and finally back to Pilate, who condemns him to death on the cross.

Musical numbers.

The musical numbers from the track list of the soundtrack.

Production.

Development.

On May 10, 2017, it was announced that NBC had selected "Jesus Christ Superstar" to be their next live musical event. Executive producers were expected to include Craig Zadan, Neil Meron, Marc Platt, Andrew Lloyd Webber, and Tim Rice. In December 2017, it was reported that British theater director David Leveaux would direct and that the show would be performed in front of a live audience at the Marcy Avenue Armory in Williamsburg, Brooklyn. Members of the creative crew included costume designer Paul Tazewell and choreographer Camille A. Brown.

Casting.

In December 2017, it was announced that Alice Cooper had been cast as King Herod, with John Legend in the title role. The following month, it was announced that Sara Bareilles would play Mary Magdalene. In February 2018, it was announced that Brandon Victor Dixon, Norm Lewis, Ben Daniels, Jason Tam, Jin Ha and Erik Grönwall had been cast as Judas, Caiaphas, Pontius Pilate, Peter, Annas and Simon Zealotes, respectively. The production included a cast of forty-four actors, including Joel Perez and Lauren Zakrin, and additional dancers.

Filming.

The live production included an on-camera audience of about 1,500 people. Some of these extras lined two sides of the stage and formed a mosh pit effect. The production was expected to utilize as many as twelve cameras to film the special. In addition, a full dress rehearsal performance took place on Saturday, March 31, 2018 in front of an invited audience and was recorded. In the event of any difficulties during the live broadcast, the recording served as an emergency backup. It was ultimately not needed.

Marketing.

On January 7, 2018, NBC aired the first teaser trailer for the special during their broadcast of the 75th Golden Globe Awards.

Reception.

Critical response.

"Jesus Christ Superstar Live in Concert" has been met with an overwhelmingly positive response from critics since it aired. On the review aggregation website Rotten Tomatoes, the production holds a 100% approval rating with an average rating of 8.44/10 based on 26 reviews. The website's critical consensus reads, "Shaking up traditional religious and musical iconography, "Jesus Christ Superstar Live in Concert" is a sight to be heard, superbly infiltrating the classic source material with originality, rock legend star power, and soulful depth." Metacritic, which uses a weighted average, assigned the production a score of 81 out of 100 based on 13 critics, indicating "universal acclaim".  In a positive review, "The New York Times"s Noel Murray praised the special saying, "A conceptual and artistic triumph, NBC’s live telecast of "Jesus Christ Superstar" on Easter Sunday may have finally justified the recent live musical fad on network TV. Some technical flubs and one mixed-bag lead performance aside, the production was genuinely thrilling, taking chances with the staging of a classic but controversial Broadway show, much more daring than previous live musical broadcasts like "The Sound of Music" or "Peter Pan"." Offering similar acclaim, "The Hollywood Reporter"s David Rooney said, "But here's the thing: This was a phenomenally balanced production of "Jesus Christ Superstar", in which star power was equaled by depth of feeling and characterization in all the principals. And the immediacy of television, with close-ups capable of bringing us in tight on the performers' faces, gave Jesus and Mary Magdalene a complexity that often is missing from conventional productions." Lorraine Ali of "The Los Angeles Times" also lauded the production saying, "The show was a collision of religion and theater and pop culture that could have been one holy mess. But by the grace of God, or maybe a great cast and lots and lots of expert staging, a great musical became a great TV production." In a more mixed review, Maureen Ryan of "Variety" said, "This musical threw together glitter, sequins, leather, writhing hotties, a few big performances pitched to the last row, and camerawork that often felt as though it was hopped up on too many lattes. Actually, the ragged edges of a unifying concept did emerge over the course of the NBC musical’s two-hour-and-20-minute running time: If its philosophy could be summed up in one word, "excess" would just about cover it. That's not necessarily a bad thing. But this live show was a lot."

Ratings.

"Jesus Christ Superstar Live in Concert" was the most-viewed program of the night of both network and cable programming. The production earned a 1.7 rating in adults 18-49 in Live + Same Day. Lee Seymour of "Forbes" said the telecast's ratings were a "step back for NBC's live musicals," explaining "while "Superstar Live" came out on top for the night's ratings, it still landed near the bottom of the pile, relative to almost every other live musical since NBC revamped the mini-genre in 2013." "Jesus Christ Superstar Live in Concert" was watched by 9.4 million people. Comparatively, NBC's "The Sound of Music Live!" was watched by 18.6 million and "The Wiz Live!" by 11.5 million, while Fox's "" was watched by 12.2 million. Seymour felt the special may have failed to capture a larger audience on Easter because of its blasphemous themes.  An encore on April 12, 2020 was seen by 3.17 million viewers.

Other media.

"Andrew Lloyd Webber: Tribute to a Superstar".

On March 28, 2018, a one-hour special titled "Andrew Lloyd Webber: Tribute to a Superstar" premiered on NBC in honor of Webber's 70th birthday and to promote the coming premiere of "Jesus Christ Superstar Live in Concert". In the special, Webber was interviewed by Glenn Close, John Legend, and Lin-Manuel Miranda. It also included appearances by some of the performers from "Jesus Christ Superstar Live in Concert" in various rehearsal scenes from the show.  The special was executive produced and directed by Brad Lachman and written and produced by Matt Lachman. Interviews were conducted at Sardi's restaurant, Power Station recording studio, and the Renaissance Hotel Times Square. Production companies involved in the special included Brad Lachman Productions and Universal Television.

Soundtrack.

An official soundtrack was released by Sony Masterworks, digitally on April 6, 2018, and physically on April 27, 2018.

Commercial performance.

The album debuted at number 46 on the US "Billboard" 200, earning 13,000 album-equivalent units in its first week according to Nielsen Music, with over 11,000 units coming from traditional album sales. It also debuted at number 3 the same week on the Soundtracks chart, as well as at number 14 on the Top Album Sales chart.

Jesus Christ Superstar Live in Concert is an American musical television special that was broadcast live on NBC on April 1, 2018 (Easter Sunday) and rebroadcast (from tape) on Easter Sunday 2020, April 12, 2020. Executively produced by Craig Zadan, Neil Meron, Andrew Lloyd Webber, Tim Rice, and Marc Platt, it was a staged concert performance of the 1970 rock opera "Jesus Christ Superstar". It received positive reviews from critics but had a smaller viewership than earlier musical specials.


Taxonomy.

This species was first described in 1836 by the French naturalist Alcide d'Orbigny. Four subspecies are recognised:

Description.

"Lophostoma silvicolum" is a medium-sized bat with a forearm length of or more, long, soft fur on its body and very short fur on its face. The dorsal parts of the pelage are grey or greyish-brown frosted by hairs with white tips, while the ventral parts are light greyish-brown and the throat is entirely white. The muzzle is naked, the nose-leaf is lanceolate, with the front portion completely fused to the upper lip. On the chin there is a furrow in the centre surrounded by rows of small warts. The ears are large with rounded margins, and the tail extends half way to the interfemoral membrane. Populations in Ecuador have conspicuous white patches behind the ears.

Distribution and habitat.

"Lophostoma silvicolum" is native to Central America and the northern half of South America, to the east of the Andes. It is absent from much of the Amazon basin. It occurs in forests of various types, in forest clearings and over agricultural land. It tends to avoid creeks.

Ecology.

"Lophostoma silvicolum" feeds mainly on insects, gleaning them from the upper surface of leaves while in flight, but supplements this diet with fruits. It roosts in cavities hollowed out by the males in the base of active termite mounds. Advantages to the bat of using such a location include a reduction of competition with other bat species for roosting sites, a reduction in parasites, a reduction in predation and a constant microclimate. On Barro Colorado Island, Panama, the nests used are exclusively those of "Nasutitermes corniger", and up to nineteen bats have been found in one roost; active roost construction is extremely rare among bats.

The white-throated round-eared bat ("Lophostoma silvicolum") is a South and Central American bat species found from Honduras to Bolivia, Paraguay and Brazil. It creates roosts inside the nests of the termite, "Nasutitermes corniger". It thrives on a mainly insect-based diet, focusing on the surfaces of foliage to hunt, and also eats fruit and pollen. It has a very wide range and is a common species over much of that range, so the International Union for Conservation of Nature has assessed its conservation status as being of "least concern".


Location.

The Jamanxim National Forest is in the Amazon biome. It has an area of. It was created by decree on 13 February 2006 and is administered by the Chico Mendes Institute for Biodiversity Conservation (ICMBio). It is contained in the municipality of Novo Progresso in the state of Pará. The forest consists of about 85% open rainforest and 14% dense rainforest. It was created in the context of land planning in the area influenced by the BR-163 highway, with the objective of slowing deforestation in one of the areas with the highest rates of Amazon forest clearance. The Jamanxim National Forest is classed as IUCN protected area category VI (protected area with sustainable use of natural resources) with the objective of sustainable multiple use of forest resources, maintenance and protection of water resources and biodiversity, and supporting sustainable exploitation of natural resources.

Disputes.

Almost 1,000 families had been encouraged by the government to move to the area in the 1970s, but had not been given any land title and therefore were not entitled to compensation. In August 2009 senator Flexa Ribeiro said that under a draft agreement between ICMBio and the inhabitants of the national forest there would be no fines for deforestation before November 2007. In 2009 deforestation and burning was continuing at a rapid rate in previously untouched areas. That year the forest lost of coverage, with removed in June 2009 alone. About 12% of the forest area had been cleared, with about half the land abandoned rather than converted to agricultural use. IBAMA had arranged for the National Supply Company (Conab) to remove 6,000 head of cattle from the forest, and another 15,000 were to be removed. Weapons, chainsaws, fuel, tractors and other equipment had also been seized by IBAMA.  Proposals to reduce the size of the forest have been made by local companies and state politicians. Some parts of the national forest are heavily populated, with pineapple plantations and farms growing crops and raising pigs, chickens and cattle. Representatives of the settlers challenged the legality of the creation of the national forest, on the grounds that the law called for participation of local people in creation, deployment and management of conservation units through preliminary technical studies and public consultations. ICMBio had proposed allocating to the settlers, but the farmers associations wanted. The dispute was ongoing in February 2015 after failure of negotiations before the Brazilian general election of October 2014. In July 2015 ICMBio reported that it had seized 850 recently felled logs detected by the Real Time Deforestation Detection System (DETER) of the National Institute for Space Research (INPE}.

Regional conservation.

The national forest is in a region that contains 12 sustainable use conservation areas and 6 fully protected areas. The fully protected areas, which cover, are the Amazônia, Jamanxim, Rio Novo and Serra do Pardo national parks, the Nascentes da Serra do Cachimbo Biological Reserve and the Terra do Meio Ecological Station. The sustainable use areas include the Tapajós environmental protection area and the Altamira, Amaná, Jamanxim, Trairão, Itaituba I, Itaituba II and Tapajós national forests, covering a total of.

The Jamanxim National Forest () is a national forest created in 2006 in the state of Pará, Brazil. The purpose is to ensure sustainable use of forest resources. The forest contains a sizeable population of settlers without land titles, and informal forest clearing and burning was continuing two years after the national forest had been created. Disputes over the legality of the forest creation were continuing in 2015.


Location.

The Nascentes da Serra do Cachimbo Biological Reserve has an area of. The reserve covers parts of the municipalities of Altamira and Novo Progresso in the state of Pará. The reserve is adjacent to the BR-163 highway and abuts the Panará and Menkragnoti indigenous territories.  The Serra do Cachimbo complex is partly a continuous mass of mountains with a south west alignment, partly plateau with flat-bottomed valleys. Altitude ranges from above sea level. Erosion has created ridges and ravines. In the northern part there are escarpments along the transition to the peripheral depression of southern Pará, where the rivers descend in rapids and waterfalls such as the Salto do Curuá.  Springs in the reserve form the Cristalino and São Bento rivers, which are in the Tapajós basin. The Água Fria, Flecha, Nilana, Ipiranga, Xixé, Curuaés, Curuá and Iriri rivers are headwaters of the Xingu River. About 11% of the reserve is in the Tapajós basin and the remainder in the Xingu basin.

Environment.

The Nascentes da Serra do Cachimbo Biological Reserve is in the Amazon biome. Average annual rainfall is. Temperatures vary from with an average of. The reserve is in a transition region between the Amazon and the Cerrado. In the north the climate is humid tropical, with high temperature and rainfall throughout the year. In the south the climate is tropical, with a dry season. There is a wide range of plant species of sub-montane dense and open rainforest, seasonal and alluvial forest and extensive open areas of Campinarana, besides patches of Rupestre and Buritizais vegetation.

Mammals.

Endangered carnivores include the giant otter ("Pteronura brasiliensis"), ocelot ("Leopardus pardalis"), oncilla ("Leopardus tigrinus"), margay ("Leopardus wiedii") and jaguar ("Panthera onca"). Other endangered species include the giant anteater ("Myrmecophaga tridactyla"), giant armadillo ("Priodontes maximus") and the regionally endemic white-cheeked spider monkey ("Ateles marginatus"), which is protected.

Herpetofauna.

The reserve has typical amphibians of the Amazon rainforest including the South American common toad ("Rhinella margaritifera"), the gladiator frog "Hyla wavrini" and the Manaus slender-legged tree frog ("Osteocephalus taurinus"). The frogs "Dendropsophus melanargyreus" and "Pseudopaludicola mystacalis", more common in the cerrado, are also found. Reptiles include typical Amazon species such as the gecko "Gonatodes eladioi", the lizards "Bachia flavescens" and "Anolis punctatus", false coral snake ("Anilius scytale"), pit viper "Bothriopsis taeniata", emerald tree boa ("Corallus caninus") and "Xenoxybelis argenteus". Regionally endemic species include five species of frog including "Rhinella castaneotica", Brazil-nut poison frog ("Adelphobates castaneoticus") and "Hyla anataliasiasi", two caecilians ("Nectocaecilia ladigesi" and "Typhlonectes obesus" and seven lizards including "Arthrosaura kockii", striped forest whiptail ("Kentropyx calcarata") and "Leposoma guianense".

Birds.

The varied relief and flora support a very diverse bird population and favour endemism. The white-banded mockingbird ("Mimus triurus") passes through the reserve from June to August. 409 species are known to occur in the reserve including the threatened hyacinth macaw ("Anodorhynchus hyacinthinus"), Chaco eagle ("Buteogallus coronatus"), red-necked aracari ("Pteroglossus bitorquatus") and blue-winged macaw ("Primolius maracana"). There are 22 regionally endemic species including red-throated piping guan ("Pipile cujubi"), snow-capped manakin ("Lepidothrix nattereri") and masked tanager ("Tangara nigrocincta"). Rare species include the Tapajós hermit ("Phaethornis aethopygus"), bald parrot ("Pyrilia aurantiocephala") and the chorozinho-do-cachimbo, a recently discovered species of Herpsilochmus.

Conservation.

The reserve maintains large blocks of native vegetation in the deforestation arc along the BR-163 highway. It was considered a priority among the first proposals for large scale conservation in the Amazon. The Nascentes da Serra do Cachimbo Biological Reserve was created by decree on 20 May 2005. The reserve is classed as IUCN protected area category Ia (strict nature reserve), with the objective of fully preserving the biota and other natural attributes without direct human interference or environmental changes except where needed to restore and preserve the ecology. The management plan was approved on 4 September 2009, and the advisory council was created on 8 November 2011.  The reserve is in a region that contains 12 sustainable use conservation areas and 6 fully protected areas. The fully protected areas, which cover, are the Amazônia, Jamanxim, Rio Novo and Serra do Pardo national parks, the Nascentes da Serra do Cachimbo Biological Reserve and the Terra do Meio Ecological Station. The sustainable use areas include the Tapajós environmental protection area and the Altamira, Amaná, Jamanxim, Trairão, Itaituba I, Itaituba II and Tapajós national forests, covering a total of.

Threats.

At the time of its creation the reserve had already been occupied for 15 years in about 94 locations by squatters who had moved north from Mato Grosso. As of 2015 about 200 families lived in the reserve. Large amounts of mahogany have been removed from the forests of the reserve via a network of roads, creating a fragmented and vulnerable landscape. The remaining lumber is not seen as high value, so trees are mostly felled in order to create pasturage. As of 2013 had been deforested, making it among the ten most deforested federal conservation units in the Amazon Legal. More than has been burned by squatters, and about 6% of the reserve has been converted to pasture.  The reserve has also suffered from predatory hunting and fishing. There are two abandoned mining areas covering, which affect water quality. There are two small hydroelectric stations on the western margin of the reserve. In August 2015 it was reported that Senator Flexa Ribeiro of the Brazilian Social Democracy Party (PSDB) proposed to split the reserve into a National Park open to tourists and a Environmental Protection Area (APA) in which the inhabitants could engage in livestock breeding and commercial production of rice, bananas, pineapples and coffee.

The Nascentes da Serra do Cachimbo Biological Reserve () is a biological reserve in the state of Pará, Brazil. The reserve protects an area in the transition between the Cerrado and Amazon biomes, supporting highly diverse flora and fauna including many endemic species. It is accessible via the BR-163 highway, and is among the federal conservation units in the Amazon Legal that has suffered most from deforestation.


History.

Within the Holy Roman Empire.

Besançon became part of the Holy Roman Empire in 1034 as the Archbishopric of Besançon, and in 1184 it gained autonomy as a free imperial city under Frederick I, Holy Roman Emperor. The town slowly sought the protection of a number of outside protectors, or captains, such as Philip the Good, Duke of Burgundy. After the marriage of Mary of Burgundy to Maximilian I, Holy Roman Emperor in 1477, the city treated the Habsburgs as its protectors.  When Franche-Comté passed to Philip II of Spain in 1555, Besançon remained a free imperial city.

Loss of Imperial status.

The city lost its status as a free city in 1651 as a reparation for other losses that the Spanish had suffered in the Thirty Years' War. After some resistance, this was finally confirmed by Besançon in 1654, although the city kept a high degree of internal autonomy.

Disputes with France.

In 1667 Louis XIV claimed Franche-Comté as a consequence of his marriage to Marie-Thérèse of Spain. As part of the War of Devolution, French troops arrived in the area in 1688. The town authorities tried to argue that it was neutral in any hostilities as it was an Imperial City, something that the French commander, the Prince de Conde, rejected as archaic. The French agreed to very generous surrender terms with the town authorities, which included transferring the university from the then still recalcitrant Dole. There were also rumours that the regional Parlement may be transferred from Dole. The City also laid down that it would be left the relic of a fragment of the holy winding sheet, and that Protestants should not have liberty of conscience in the same way as they then had in the rest of France.  While the city was in French hands, the famed military engineer Sébastien Le Prestre de Vauban visited Besançon and drew up plans for its fortification. The Treaty of Aix-la-Chapelle returned the city to Spain within a matter of months, in return for the town of Frankenthal.  The Spaniards built the main centre point of the city's defences, "la Citadelle", siting it on Mont St. Etiene, which closes the neck of the bend in the river that encloses the old city. In their construction, they followed Vauban's designs.  From this time onwards, a large pro-French faction grew among some of the city.

Surrender to the French.

The city was to finally lose its autonomy as a result of the Franco-Dutch War starting in 1672, where the Habsburgs took the side of the Dutch and so were to lose control of Franche-Comté and Besançon. After a siege of the city, French troops occupied the city in 1674, although they agreed to allow Besançon to keep its privileges.  In 1676 the French authorities wound up the magistracy, the democratic form of government of Besançon, on the instructions of Louis XIV. A baillarge court was set up in its stead. As compensation for losing its self-government, the city became the administrative centre for Franche-Comté, with the Parlement of Besançon administering the area, replacing the Parlement of Dôle. French control was confirmed in 1678 by the Treaty of Nijmegen.

Institutions.

Unlike most Free Imperial Cities which gradually became oligarchies, Besançon had a reasonably democratic form of government. The government consisted of 28 councillors elected every year by the seven parishes. These, in turn, chose 14 "governors", who dealt with the day-to-day business. The main business was dealt with by both councillors and governors sitting together. There was also a provision for a general assembly of citizens in very important cases.  The protector — first the Dukes of Burgundy and then the Austrian and Spanish Habsburgs, and for two years the King of France — had the right to appoint a president for the governors and the commander of the soldiers who guarded the ramparts. The protector was never recognised as sovereign.

The City of Besançon was a self-governing city surrounded by Franche-Comté. After losing its status as a free imperial city within the Holy Roman Empire in 1654 the City of Besançon refused to recognise the sovereignty of a new protector, whether the king of France or Spain, until Louis XIV dissolved the municipal government in 1676. The government comprised only a tiny area around the City of Besançon in the Franche-Comté, which meant that it had limited independence although it had considerable internal autonomy and still tried to claim neutrality.


History.

In 2009 PHPanywhere (the predecessor of Codeanywhere) was launched, which was a web-based FTP client and text editor, designed for PHP. That project stayed idle until May 22, 2013 when the founders launched Codeanywhere. It was founded by Croatians Ivan Burazin and Vedran Jukić, who reside in Split, Croatia.  Codeanywhere raised $600,000 from World Wide Web Hosting on July 15, 2013 when Ben Welch-Bolen became a board member. In August 2014 Codeanywhere was accepted in Techstars’s Fall Boston Class. In 2014, as part of the TechCrunch Disrupt NY Conference, the audience voted Codeanywhere the best company in Startup Alley.

Recent development.

Before version 6.0, Codeanywhere had a mobile app for the client's code editing, however, the app was not really the Codeanywhere browser-based Cloud IDE, as it was a fundamental version whose clients were only able to use some core features when the clients were far away from the computer. Moreover, in August 2017, Codeanywhere launched a new app supporting comprehensive features for the clients, not only just a basic mobile code editor, but it became a robust mobile IDE on Android devices. It was huge progress for clients to "code anywhere". On the other hand, it had not yet been released on iOS and BlackBerry.  By February 9, 2019, Codeanywhere became the best Cloud IDE as compared with 41 other Cloud IDEs which are generated by the highly positive users' recommendation history. This ranking was determined by 927 users considering 42 options and was analyzed using the Slant algorithm. Codeanywhere received 90 points, making it the most popular Cloud IDE.

Implementation steps.

Step 1: Creating an Account Click the "Sign up" button (which is located at the top right-hand corner) to get in the register page Fill in your email address and your desired password (Third-party application can be used such as "Google" or "Facebook") Remember to click the checkbox to verify your human identity Finish the registering by clicking the "Register" button  Step 2: Activating Account Email for verifying the account will be sent to the filled in the location Click the hyperlink embedded in the email Codeanywhere support can be contacted for further assistance  Step 3: Build a Container Go to "File", and click the "New Connections", then "Container" Choose which predefined stack you will use Wait until the container is deployed  Step 4: Create an app Create a file and write coding Save it and click "Run" button

Educational Usage.

Compared to desktop IDE tools users, Codeanywhere users spend less time on installing and configuring an IDE for different languages. Besides, since Codeanywhere users can write, compile and debug their codes on the company's servers instead of their own computers, the tool can be used in low configuration systems. This makes Codeanywhere a tool suitable for beginners learning some basic programming knowledge, as they might not have well-equipped computers.

Limitation.

In Codeanywhere, users can simply sign up and get started programming for free 7 day trial. The basic functions and features are provided to the free trial users, while only use one container is provided. Besides, to maintain the best possible performance and free services to other users, Codeanywhere will clean up users' containers if they are not used for more than three weeks. And after the termination of containers, Codeanywhere will not restore the container as well as the date inside. Until March 1, 2019, Codeanywhere had a free plan.  In order to upgrade and get more advanced services, users could also choose different plans that Codeanywhere provided. Until February 17, 2018, Codeanywhere provided four different plans, named Starters, Freelancer, Professional, and Business. As for the price, it differs from plan to plan, and the billed type (users can choose either paid monthly or annually).

Codeanywhere is a cross-platform cloud integrated development environment created by Codeanywhere, Inc. Codeanywhere enables users to instantly write, edit, collaborate and run web development projects from a web browser and any mobile device.


History.

The tower was used by General William Roy in his trigonometric survey linking the nearby Royal Greenwich Observatory with the Paris Observatory; a 36 inch (0.91 m) theodolite (now in London's Science Museum) was temporarily installed on its roof. This Anglo-French Survey (1784–1790) led to the formation of the Ordnance Survey. In 1848, the Royal Engineers used the castle for their survey of London.  Following Lady James' death in 1798, the building passed through the hands of various landowners, including John Blades, a former Sheriff of London, a Mr Barlow (ship owner) who built nearby Castle Wood House, and Thomas Jackson (a railway and docks contractor of Eltham Park). On Aug 18th 1845, the tower was visited by diarist William Copeland Astbury, who recorded the tower, layout, ownership and condition. In 1922, the tower was purchased by London County Council and it became a local visitor attraction with a ground-floor tearoom serving drinks and cakes. In 1986, when the GLC was abolished, responsibility for Severndroog passed to Greenwich Council.

Restoration.

In 1988, the local council could no longer afford the building's upkeep and it was boarded up. In 2002, a community group, the Severndroog Castle Building Preservation Trust, was established. In 2004, it featured in the BBC TV series "Restoration" (presented by Griff Rhys Jones, Ptolemy Dean and Marianne Suhr, producer-director Paul Coueslant) - with the aim of gaining support for a programme of work to restore the building and open it to the public.  In July 2013 work began on renovating the castle, funded by a £595,000 Heritage Lottery Fund grant, and it was officially reopened to the public on 20 July 2014.  The Green Chain Walk and Capital Ring long-distance paths go through "Eltham Common" and "Castle Wood" and past the castle between Shooter's Hill and Eltham.  The entire castle, or just the William James room on the second floor, can be hired for weddings, functions, private events and meetings. The castle is open to the public.

Severndroog Castle is a folly situated in Oxleas Wood, on Shooter's Hill in south-east London in the Royal Borough of Greenwich. It was designed by architect Richard Jupp, with the first stone laid on 2 April 1784.


Overview.

Color filters are needed because the typical photosensors detect light intensity with little or no wavelength specificity, and therefore cannot separate color information. Since sensors are made of semiconductors they obey solid-state physics.  The color filters filter the light by wavelength range, such that the separate filtered intensities include information about the color of light. For example, the Bayer filter (shown to the right) gives information about the intensity of light in red, green, and blue (RGB) wavelength regions. The raw image data captured by the image sensor is then converted to a full-color image (with intensities of all three primary colors represented at each pixel) by a demosaicing algorithm which is tailored for each type of color filter. The spectral transmittance of the CFA elements along with the demosaicing algorithm jointly determine the color rendition. The sensor's passband quantum efficiency and span of the CFA's spectral responses are typically wider than the visible spectrum, thus all visible colors can be distinguished. The responses of the filters do not generally correspond to the CIE color matching functions, so a color translation is required to convert the tristimulus values into a common, absolute color space.  The Foveon X3 sensor uses a different structure such that a pixel utilizes properties of multi-junctions to stack blue, green, and red sensors on top of each other. This arrangement does not require a demosaicing algorithm because each pixel has information about each color. Dick Merrill of Foveon distinguishes the approaches as "vertical color filter" for the Foveon X3 versus "lateral color filter" for the CFA.

RGBW sensor.

An RGBW matrix (from red, green, blue, white) is a CFA that includes "white" or transparent filter elements that allow the photodiode to respond to all colors of light; that is, some cells are "panchromatic", and more of the light is detected, rather than absorbed, compared to the Bayer matrix. Sugiyama filed for a patent on such an arrangement in 2005. Kodak announced several RGBW CFA patents in 2007, all of which have the property that when the panchromatic cells are ignored, the remaining color filtered cells are arranged such that their data can be processed with a standard Bayer demosaicing algorithm.

CYGM sensor.

A CYGM matrix (cyan, yellow, green, magenta) is a CFA that uses mostly secondary colors, again to allow more of the incident light to be detected rather than absorbed. Other variants include CMY and CMYW matrices.

Manufacture of the CFA.

Diazonaphthoquinone (DNQ)-novolac photoresist is one material used as the carrier for making color filters from color dyes or pigments. There is some interference between the dyes and the ultraviolet light needed to properly expose the polymer, though solutions have been found for this problem. Color photoresists sometimes used include those with chemical monikers CMCR101R, CMCR101G, CMCR101B, CMCR106R, CMCR106G, and CMCR106B.  A few sources discuss other specific chemical substances, attending optical properties, and optimal manufacturing processes of color filter arrays.  For instance, Nakamura said that materials for on-chip color filter arrays fall into two categories: pigment and dye. Pigment based CFAs have become the dominant option because they offer higher heat resistance and light resistance compared to dye based CFAs. In either case, thicknesses ranging up to 1 micrometre are readily available.  Theuwissen says "Previously, the color filter was fabricated on a separate glass plate and glued to the CCD (Ishikawa 81), but nowadays, all single-chip color cameras are provided with an imager which has the color filter on-chip processed (Dillon 78) and not as a hybrid." He provides a bibliography focusing on the number, types, aliasing effects, moire patterns, and spatial frequencies of the absorptive filters.  Some sources indicate that the CFA can be manufactured separately and affixed after the sensor has been manufactured, while other sensors have the CFA manufactured directly on the surface of the imager. Theuwissen makes no mention of the materials utilized in CFA manufacture.  At least one early example of an on-chip design utilized gelatin filters (Aoki et al., 1982). The gelatin is sectionalized, via photolithography, and subsequently dyed. Aoki reveals that a CYWG arrangement was used, with the G filter being an overlap of the Y and C filters.  Filter materials are manufacturer specific. Adams et al. state "Several factors influence the CFA's design. First, the individual CFA filters are usually layers of transmissive (absorptive) organic or pigment dyes. Ensuring that the dyes have the right mechanical properties—such as ease of application, durability, and resistance to humidity and other atmospheric stresses—is a challenging task. This makes it difficult, at best, to fine-tune the spectral responsivities.".  Given that the CFAs are deposited on the image sensor surface at the BEOL (back end of line, the later stages of the integrated circuit manufacturing line), where a low-temperature regime must be rigidly observed (due to the low melting temperature of the aluminum metalized "wires" and the substrate mobility of the dopants implanted within the bulk silicon), organics would be preferred over glass. On the other hand, some CVD silicon oxide processes are low temperature processes.  Ocean Optics has indicated that their patented dichroic filter CFA process (alternating thin films of ZnS and Cryolite) can be applied to spectroscopic CCDs. Gersteltec sells photoresists that possesses color filter properties.

Some pigment and dye molecules used in CFAs.

In U.S.P.# 4,808,501, Carl Chiulli cites the use of 5 chemicals, three of which are C.I. #12715, AKA Solvent Red 8; Solvent Yellow 88; and C.I. # 61551, Solvent Blue 36. In U.S.P. # 5,096,801 Koya "et al.", of Fuji Photo Film company, list some 150-200 chemical structures, mainly azo dyes and pyrazolone-diazenyl, but fail to provide chemical names, CAS Registry numbers, or Colour Index numbers.

Optically efficient CFA implementation.

Nakamura provides a schematic and bibliographic items illustrating the importance of microlenses, their f-number, and the interplay with the CFA and CCD array. Further, a short discussion of anti-reflection films is offered, though Janesick's work appears is more concerned with photon–silicon interaction. Early work on microlenses and on the three-CCD/prism cameras stress the importance of a fully integrated design solution for CFAs. The camera system, as a whole, benefits from careful consideration of CFA technologies and their interplay with other sensor properties.

In digital imaging, a color filter array (CFA), or color filter mosaic (CFM), is a mosaic of tiny color filters placed over the pixel sensors of an image sensor to capture color information.


Biography.

John Elmer Milholland was born in Lewis, New York on May 20, 1860 to John and Mary Moore Milholland. His parents were Irish immigrants, and when he was three their house burned down. His mother and sister were killed, and his father returned with Milholland to Ireland. After two years, Milholland returned to America, where his father opened a confectioners shop. Educated at Paterson High School, Milholland was aided by William Walter Phelps and attended New York University.  After two years, he dropped out and became a journalist, working for the "Ticonderoga Sentinel", which he eventually bought. Milholland subsequently sold the paper and was employed by the "New York Tribune", where he reached chief editorial writer. Milholland's friend Harry Reid urged Benjamin Harrison to appoint Milholland as chief inspector of immigration for the Port of New York. Reid was nominated for vice president, in large part through the work of Milholland, for which he was named assistant secretary of the National Republican Party. Milholland soon destroyed his political career by campaigning against Tammany Hall politicians.  He also invested in the Batcheller Pneumatic Tube Co., eventually becoming its president. The corporation worked on the first pneumatic tube lines in New York City (see Pneumatic tube mail in New York City). Expanding into other markets, by 1900, Milholland was worth $500,000. An antiexpansionist, Milholland soon moved to London, where he founded the International Union Club, which supported the Boers. In 1904, he created a syndicate that controlled much of the pneumatic mail in Europe.  He used the large amounts of money he earned to fund several civil-rights activists, first Booker T. Washington, and later W. E. B. Du Bois. Milholland was criticized for these donations, and was soon removed from the board of the corporation. He then expanded his funding of civil rights, funding Mary Ovington, and investing in Phipps Houses; as well as helping to organize the Constitution League, a forerunner of the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP). "The NAACP was founded in part because of Milholland's financial support of Ovington, as she used the money he gave her to travel and recruit people to answer "the Call" to create the NAACP. Milholland was the NAACP's first treasurer." Milholland married Jean Torrey, and had three children, Vida, John and Inez Milholland. Vida and Inez were both notable women's rights activists. In 1911, he attended the First Universal Races Congress. He died on June 29, 1925, at his home on 247 Fifth Avenue, after a short illness.  In February 1928, a bust of Milholland was unveiled at the Norman School in Pennsylvania. A bust to him was also erected at Howard University.

John Elmer Milholland (May 20, 1860 – June 29, 1925) was an American businessman. He served as the first treasurer of the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP). Milholland was an editor at the "New-York Tribune" for twelve years. His company spearheaded work on early pneumatic tubes in New York City.


Format.

The show follows the same general format as the other editions of the show. The players are split between two or three "tribes", are taken to a remote isolated location and are forced to live off the land with meager supplies for 39 days (36 in the "Celebrity Showdown" seasons). Frequent physical and mental challenges are used to pit the teams against each other for rewards, such as food or luxuries, or for "immunity", forcing the other tribe to attend "Tribal Council", where they must vote off one of their members.  When 10 players are remaining, the tribes are merged into a single tribe, and competitions are on an individual basis; winning immunity prevents that player from being voted out. All of the players that are voted out at this stage form the "Tribal Council Jury". Once down to three people (two in the 1st season), a final Tribal Council is held where the remaining players plead their case to the Jury as to why they should win the game. The jury then votes for which player should be considered the "Pinoy Sole Survivor" and be awarded the grand prize of P3,000,000.

Deviations.

While the show was aired on a daily basis rather than once a week, all elements of the "Survivor" franchise were otherwise present. The show uses the theme music for the British version composed by Russ Landau, who made the "Ancient Voices" series of theme scores for the American version. It has further been re-arranged and added with tribal and ethnic flavors by local Filipino composer Diwa de Leon and chant vocals were performed by Evan Britanico.  One unique difference in this franchise is in the status of castaways who are evacuated to the hospital nearest to the setting of the game. Instead of being declared as eliminated at the point of evacuation, a castaway being sent to the hospital due to apparent injury or ailment is reminded to return to the game within 24 hours; otherwise, they are officially declared as eliminated from the game. One exception was with "Survivor Philippines: Celebrity Doubles Showdown" castaway, Stef Prescott, who had been brought to a hospital in Manila after she was bitten by a Philippine cobra at Bulan camp. She was on treatment and observation for two days. Throughout the two-day absence from the game, she missed the actual Tribal Shuffle twist, a Tribal Immunity Challenge, and a Tribal Council. She came back on Day 13. Of the eight castaways across four seasons so far who were sent to the hospital with this reminder, all returned to the game, with one (Niña Ortiz from the first season) deciding to leave soon after her return from the hospital due to injury.  Another deviation in this franchise is the choice of the merge name, which is done beforehand by the producers. The merged tribe's name normally follows the naming pattern of those of the initial competing tribes. Many other "Survivor" versions usually let members of the new merged tribe make up their new tribal name.  In another deviation, the reunion specials were pre-recorded and were aired in the first Sunday after the final results were announced, which commonly happened in Fridays. One exception was with the reunion special of the fourth season, to be aired in the second Sunday after the live finale. In the American editions, the reunion special is usually aired live immediately after the final results are announced.

Survivor Philippines is a Philippine television reality competition show broadcast by GMA Network. The show is the Philippine version of the television series "Survivor". Originally hosted by Paolo Bediones, it premiered on September 15, 2008 on the network's Telebabad line up. The show concluded on February 19, 2012 with a total of 269 episodes and 4 seasons. Richard Gutierrez served as the host for the final two seasons. Since, it aired internationally (except North America) on GMA Pinoy TV.


Early life.

Yoo was born on January 24, 1994, in Bangbae-dong in the Seocho District of Seoul. He is the second and younger son of his father and fashion brand business-owning mother. He lived in a wealthy household up until the 1997 Asian financial crisis; his family struggled financially thereafter. They lived in a container home for a period of time and his father moved away. Yoo lived in a villa in Yongin with his mother and they moved into a basement room in Seoul. He spent his youth playing video games and, in sixth grade, wanted to become a pro-gamer. In his second year of middle school, Yoo sang during a talent show with a group of friends; he described the cheers for an encore "only for me". The following year, he enrolled in a music hagwon where he began receiving music lessons.

Career.

Careering beginnings and B.A.P.

Yoo auditioned at several music agencies as a high school student. After spending tens months in communication, he became a trainee under JYP Entertainment and was slated to debut in a group at the time. He ultimately left the record company one year later citing "personal reasons". He auditioned for TS Entertainment and was signed to the label soon after.  Yoo was revealed as a member of idol sextet B.A.P on January 18, 2012, where he served as the main vocalist. The group debuted eight days later with its single album "Warrior". In November 2014, the group filed a lawsuit against its agency. The members sought to nullify its contract with the company citing "unfair conditions and profit distribution". In August of the following year, the two parties ultimately settled and B.A.P resumed its activities under TS Entertainment. In August and December 2018, Yongguk and Zelo left the group and record label following the expiration of their contracts, respectively. Yoo and the remaining three members left the agency in February 2019, leading the dissolution of B.A.P.

As a soloist.

Yoo established an independent record label to release his solo music. He released his debut mini-album "Fancy" on April 19. Yoo was cast as the lead role in JTBC's app drama series "Kim Seul Gi Genius" as the lead character. The app was released on iOS and Android and the first episode was made available to watch on May 18, 2019. It will be made available for streaming in November 2019. Yoo also joined the cast of TvN D's variety, 'Mileage Soccer' where celebrities played soccer with various soccer teams in Korea to raise money for charity.  On August 29, 2019, it was announced that Yoo had signed an exclusive contract with a new agency, DMost Entertainment. Under DMost Entertainment, Yoo would continue to pursue music as well as acting and variety. Yoo was cast in his first major television role in the KBS drama "Woman of 9.9 Billion" which began airing in November. Yoo also participated in his first OST for the drama. The song, ""그녀가 처음 울던날"" is a remake of Kim Kwang Seok's song of the same name.  Yoo made his comeback with his second mini-album "O,on" on October 22.

Yoo Young-jae (; born January 24, 1994), also known mononymously as Youngjae, is a South Korean singer and actor. He debuted as an idol in the six-member group B.A.P under TS Entertainment, where he served as the main vocalist from 2012 to its dissolution in 2019. He released his debut mini-album "Fancy" in April.