Competitors.

The following is the list of number of competitors participating in the Games:

Archery.

Indonesia will send archers to the Olympics for the ninth time, seeking the nation's first Olympic gold medal in the sport and first archery medal of any kind since earning the silver in the 1988 women's team competition. Ika Yuliana Rochmawati and Rina Dewi Puspitasari earned Indonesia two spots in the women's individual competition by placing first and third at the 2008 Asian championships.  Rina Dewi Puspitasari competed in women's individual archery at the Beijing Olympics as a representative of Indonesia. Born in Bojonegoro Regency, a rural region on Java to the west of the eastern coastal metropolis Surabaya, she first competed in the Olympics at the 2004 Athens Games when she was 18 years old. Puspitasari competed in the women's individual event for the first time here, finishing in 46th place. Her appearance in Beijing marked her second Olympic appearance. During the course of the August 9 preliminary round, Puspitasari competed against 63 other athletes. During the first half of this first round, the Indonesian archer accumulated 317 points; in the second half, she accrued an additional 303, bringing her total score to 620. Puspitasari scored a total of 19 bullseyes, but missed six targets entirely. On August 11, Puspitasari advanced to the August 11 one-of-thirty-two elimination round; she competed in the 27th match, facing Russia's Miroslava Dagbaeva. Both earned 106 points during this round, with Puspitasari scoring four bullseyes; during the tiebreaker portion, she scored nine points to Dagbaeva's 10. Puspitasari was defeated and did not advance to later rounds.  Suryo Agung Wibowo represented Indonesia at the 2008 Summer Olympics in the men's 100 meters dash. Born in Surakarta in central Java, Wibowo was 24 years old at the time of his event in Beijing. During the August 14 qualification round, Wibowo raced seven other athletes in the third heat. He finished the event in 10.46 seconds. He seventh ahead, of Jared Lewis of Saint Vincent and the Grenadines (11.00 seconds) and behind Andrew Hinds of Barbados (10.35 seconds) in a heat led by Richard Thompson of Trinidad and Tobago (10.24 seconds) and France's Martial Mbandjock (10.26 seconds). Overall, he ranked 41st out of 80 athletes, tying Nigeria's Uchenna Emedolu. He did not advance to later rounds.  Dedeh Erawati was the only female athlete representing Indonesia in track events while at the Beijing Olympics. She participated in the women's 100 meters hurdles. Born in Sumedang, a western Javanese city within the vicinity of the major metropolis Bandung, Erawati was 28 years old at the time of her participation in Beijing. She had not previously competed in any Olympic games. During the course of the preliminary round of the races, which took place on August 17, Erawati competed in the fifth heat against seven other athletes. She finished seventh of the seven athletes who finished the event in her heat, running the event in a time of 13.49 seconds. While the slowest in her heat, she placed ahead of Guinea's Fatmata Fofonah, who did not finish the event. Haiti's Nadine Faustin placed sixth (13.25 seconds), directly ahead of Erawati, in a heat led by Jamaica's Bridgitte Foster-Hylton (12.69 seconds) and the United States' Dawn Harper (12.73 seconds). Of the 40 athletes competing in the event, Erawati placed 34th. She did not advance to later rounds.  Taufik Hidayat represented Indonesia in singles badminton at the Beijing Olympics. Born in Bandung, a major city in western Java, in 1981, Hidayat first represented Indonesia at the 2000 Summer Olympics in Sydney, Australia at the age of 19. At these games, he was the top seed and was expected to progress to finals, but lost in quarterfinals. He returned at the 2004 Olympics in Athens and won the event's gold medal. Hidayat's appearance in Beijing marked his third, but not final, Olympic appearance. During these games, the Indonesian athlete faced Malaysia's Choong Hann Wong in the Round of 32 (the first round) in the seventh match. The Malaysian defeated the Indonesian 21–19 during the first game, and 21–16 on the second. Hidayat did not progress to further rounds.

Badminton.

Sony Dwi Kuncoro also competed for Indonesia in men's singles badminton. He was born in Surabaya in 1984, and was 20 years old when he first competed at the Olympic games in Athens in 2004. During this competition, Kuncoro won the bronze medal. When he returned to the Olympics four years later, Kuncoro was 24 years old. During the August 10 round of 32, the Indonesian was placed in the fourteenth match against Thailand's Boonsak Ponsana. He defeated him 21–16 during the first game, and 21–14 during the second one; Kuncoro advanced to the next round. On August 11, Kuncoro challenged Finland's Ville Lang in the seventh match of the round of 16. The Indonesian badminton player won 21–13 during the first match and 21–18 during the second, defeating Lang as well and sending Kuncoro to the quarterfinal round. At that time, Malaysia's Chong Wei Lee challenged Kuncoro in the fourth match and defeated him after winning the first game 21–9 and the second one 21–11. Chong would eventually continue to win the silver medal.  I Gusti Made Oka Sulaksana, known also as Oka Sulaksana, was Indonesia's only sailor at the Beijing Olympics. He participated in the men's windsurfer event. Born in Sanur, a town on the island of Bali nearby the island's capital city Denpasar, Sulaksana has been affiliated with the Sanur Windsurfing Center's programs and first participated Olympically at the 1996 Atlanta games, when he was 25 years old. He has since participated at the 2000 Sydney and 2004 Athens games, competing at Beijing as a 37-year-old. The Indonesian athlete placed 24th in the first race of the event, 24th in the second race, 23rd in the third race, 27th in the fourth, 22nd in the fifth, 31st in the sixth, 28th in the seventh, and 30th in the eighth. During the ninth and final race, Sulaksana did not finish, earning 36 points. In total, Sulaksana ranked 27th out of the 35 windsurfers, scoring a total of 225 points. He placed ahead of Belarus' Mikalai Zhukavets (229 points) and behind the United States' Benjamin Barger (217 points). In comparison, gold medalist Tom Ashley of New Zealand scored 52 points, and Colombia's 35th place finalist Santiago Grillo scored 293 points.  Yosheefin Shila Prasasti competed on Indonesia's behalf as the country's only shooter. She represented Indonesia in the women's air rifle 10 meters. Born in the Sleman Regency in the outer reaches of Yogyakarta in central Java, Prasasti first participated in the Olympic games while 22 years old in Athens at the 2004 Olympics. She competed at Beijing at 26 years old. Facing 46 other athletes during the course of the August 8 event, Prasasti earned 97 points in the first round; 98 in the second; 98 in the third; and 100 in the last. Her overall score was 393. Overall, Yosheefin Prasasti finished in 24th place between Egypt's Shimaa Hashad (23rd place) and Poland's Agnieszka Staron (26th place). The gold medalist in the event, the Czech Republic's Katerina Emmons, earned 502.5 points in comparison.  Donny Budiarto Utomo represented Indonesia in swimming at the Beijing Olympics, participating in the men's 200 meters butterfly. Born in 1979, Utomo was 25 years old when he debuted at the Olympic games, participating in the same event at the 2004 Summer Olympics in Athens, Greece; he placed 33rd overall. He returned to the Olympics at age 29 when at Beijing. During the preliminary round of the event, which took place on August 11, Utomo competed in the eight-person second heat. He finished last with a time of 2:03.44, placing directly behind seventh-place finalist Vladan Markovic of Serbia (2:03.12) and sixth-place finalist Douglas Lennox-Silva of Puerto Rico (2:01.69) in a heat led by James Walsh of the Philippines (1:59.39) and Spain's Javier Núñez (2:00.24). Of the 44 athletes who competed in the event, Utomo ranked last. He did not advance to the next round.  Fibriani Ratna Marita competed for Indonesia as its only female swimmer at the Beijing Olympics. She competed in the women's 200 meters individual medley event. Born in the city of Malang, which lies in east Java, Marita competed at Beijing at the age of 14. She was the youngest member of the Indonesian delegation that year, and had not previously participated in any Olympic events. During the course of the preliminary races, which took place on August 11, Marita competed in the first heat (which included seven athletes in total). Of those, she ranked sixth of the six finishing athletes with a time of 2:28.18, behind Chinese Taipei's Lin Man-Hsu in fifth place (2:23.29) and Iceland's Erla Dogg Haraldsdottir in fourth place (2:20.53). The heat itself was led by the Ukraine's Hanna Dzerkal (2:18.25) and Colombia's Erika Stewart (2:18.54), while Tunisia's Maroua Mathlouthi was the only member of the heat who did not finish. Overall, Marita placed last of the 38 finishing athletes. She did not advance to later rounds.  Sandow Weldemar Nasution competed for Indonesia in weightlifting while at Beijing. He competed in the men's middleweight class, which includes athletes of and below 77 kilograms in weight. Born in the capital city of Jakarta, Nasution was 27 years old at the time of the Beijing Olympics, and had not previously competed in any Olympic events. During the course of the event, which took place on August 13, Sandow Nasution competed against 28 other athletes. The first phase of the event involved snatches; Nasution successfully attempted lift three times, successively raising 145 kilograms; 152 kilograms; and 153 kilograms in this manner. During the clean and jerk phrase, Nasution successfully lifted 185 kilograms and then 194 kilograms, but did not succeed in lifting 200 kilograms. The sum of his overall score was 347 kilograms. Of the 24 athletes who finished the event, Nasution finished in 11th place between 10th place finalist Siarhei Lahun of Belarus (349 kilograms) and 12th place finalist Mahmoud Elhaddad of Egypt (347 kilograms). The gold medalist, Sa Jaehyouk of South Korea, in comparison, lifted a combined 366 kilograms.

Weightlifting.

Edi Kurniawan competed on Indonesia's behalf at the Beijing Olympics, participating in the events pertaining to the lightweight class, which includes people of 69 kilograms in weight or lower. Born in Lampung province in southern Sumatra, Kurniawan was 20 years old at the time of his participation at the Beijing Olympics. He had not previously competed at any Olympic games. During the August 12 competition, Kurniawan competed against 33 other athletes. During snatches, the Indonesian weightlifter successfully lifted 135 kilograms in weight on his first attempt, but unsuccessfully lifted 140 kilograms on his second and third attempts. Later, during the clean and jerk lifts, Kurniawan successfully completed a lift all three times (165 kilograms on his first attempt, 170 kilograms on his second, and 172 kilograms on his last). His total score was 307 kilograms. This placed him in 12th place out of the 24 finishing athletes between 11th place finalist Tarek Abdelazim of Egypt (310 kilograms) and 13th place finalist Israel Jose Rubio Rivero of Venezuela (306 kilograms). In comparison, gold medalist Liao Hui of China lifted 348 kilograms.  Triyatno represented Indonesia in weightlifting while at the Beijing Olympics. He participated in the featherweight class, which encompasses athletes who weigh at or less than 62 kilograms. Born in Metro City, a large settlement located in the southern Sumatran province of Lampung, Triyatno participated in the Beijing Olympics at 20 years old. He did not previously participate in any Olympic games. The event took place on August 11, where Triyatno faced 16 other athletes. The weightlifter successfully lifted 133 kilograms during his first attempt at snatches, unsuccessfully attempted 135 kilograms on his second, and successfully pulled that weight on his third attempt. He then failed to pull 163 kilograms on his first and second attempts during the clean and jerk phase, but successfully lifted this weight on his final try. His overall score was 298 kilograms, a combination of his highest snatch (135) and clean and jerk (163). With his score, the Indonesian won the bronze medal in the event out of the 12 athletes who finished. He placed behind Colombia's Diego Salazar, who won the silver medal (305 kilograms) and ahead of Romania's Antoniu Buci, who took fourth place (295 kilograms). In comparison, China's gold medalist Zhang Xiangxiang lifted a total of 319 kilograms.  Eko Yuli Irawan represented Indonesia at weightlifting in the Beijing Olympics, competing in the bantamweight class (which includes athletes below 56 kilograms in weight). Born in Metro in southern Sumatra, Irawan was 19 years old at the time of his participation at the Beijing Olympics. He had not previously competed at any Olympic games. During the course of the August 10 event, Irawan faced 18 other athletes. He first was given three opportunities to complete snatches, successfully raising 125 kilograms on his first attempt; unsuccessfully attempting to lift 130 kilograms on his second attempt; and successfully lifting that load on his last try. During the clean and jerk lifts, Irawan successfully lifted 152 kilograms on his first attempt; 158 kilograms on his second; and 158 kilograms on his last. As his highest scores were 130 (snatch) and 158 (clean and jerk), Irawan's total score was 288 kilograms. This score won the Indonesian weightlifter the bronze medal in the event, placing him behind silver medalist Hoang Anh Tuan of Vietnam (290 kilograms) and gold medalist Long Qingquan of China (292 kilograms) and ahead of fourth-place finalist Yang Chin-Yi of Chinese Taipei (285 kilograms).  Raema Lisa Rumbewas was the only female weightlifter representing Indonesia at the Beijing Olympics. Born in Jayapura, the capital of the easternmost Indonesian province of Papua, she first participated in the Olympics at age 19 at the 2000 Summer Olympics in Sydney, Australia as a flyweight weightlifter. She won silver in the event, and did so again at the 2004 Athens Olympics in the featherweight category. Rumbewas returned to the Olympics, in Beijing, at the age of 27. During the course of her event, which took place on August 10, there were nine participants. During snatches, Rumbewas successfully lifted 91 kilograms on her first attempt, then unsuccessfully attempted 95 kilograms on her second and third attempts. She successfully lifted 110 kilograms and then 115 kilograms in clean and jerk, but failed to lift 121 kilograms on her final try. As her highest lifts were 91 (snatch) and 115 (clean and jerk), her total final score was 206 kilograms. Overall, she ranked fourth ahead of fourth-place finalist Yudelquis Maridalin of the Dominican Republic (204 kilograms) and behind bronze medalist Nastassia Novikava of Belarus (213 kilograms). In comparison, gold medalist Prapawadee Jaroenrattanatarakoon of Thailand lifted a total of 221 kilograms.

Indonesia competed in the 2008 Summer Olympics, held in Beijing, People's Republic of China from August 8 to August 24, 2008. At the games, twenty-two Indonesians had qualified to compete, while the other three had been granted a wildcard entry.


History.

Lerik district was established in August 1930. It was called Zuvand District until January 1938. 29 municipalities operate in the district. The district includes a city and 161 villages with a total area of 1084 square kilometer. In accordance with the presidential decree dated June 13, 2008, the settlement of Lerik was granted the status of a city.  The territory of the Lerik district is one of the oldest settlements in Azerbaijan. There exist some caves which are considered to belong to the Bronze Age. These caves are located in the foothills of the mountains.  Different items belonging to the Stone Age were found in Lerik district. The cave called “Buzeyir” is the oldest settlement in the territory of Azerbaijan. In the 18th-19th centuries, French archaeologist Jacques de Morgan, K. Schaffer and his brother Henri called this territory "archeological paradise" during archaeological excavations. Morgan has conducted archaeological excavations at the Gizilbashlar cemetery in the village of Veri of Lerik.  Professor Asadulla Jafarov, head of the Archeology and Ethnography Department of the History Institute of the National Academy of Sciences of Azerbaijan, conducted scientific researches in the territory of Lerik region and for the first time discovered an ancient human camp belonging to the Middle Paleolithic Age in the Buzeyir cave.

People.

Lerik is mainly famous for the longevity of some of its citizens. It is known for myths of human longevity; a man named Shirali Baba Muslimov, born in the village of Barzavu, who was reported by the "Guinness Book of Records" to have been aged 168 when he died, and was believed to have lived between 1805 and 1973. The population of the Lerik rayon is evenly divided between Azeris and Talysh - both populations are spread across both sides of the border.

Travel.

Located in Lerik is a local history museum and the Karabakh war memorial, located between of the parade ground and the modest city hall.  Lerik can be reached from Lankaran using the A323 road. It is a very scenic route along the Lankaran river and the Hirkan National Park. Buses run regularly to Lankaran and Baku. The maximum annual precipitation in Lerik and the Talysh Mountains is between 1,600 mm to 1,800 mm, which along the Lankaran Lowland is the highest precipitation in the country.

Geographical position.

The Lerik region territory is surrounded by Talysh mountain range. Lerik region is bordered by Yardimli in the south and south-west, in the north-east Lankaran, in the north-west Masalli, and in the south-east Astara. The Talysh mountain range extends along the border with the Islamic Republic of Iran and in the north beyond the Peshtasar and Bouravar mountain ranges. The length of the border is 49.5 kilometers with the Islamic Republic of Iran.  The Zuvand (Diabar) Trench is located between the Talysh and Buddhist ridges. The Komurgoy (2492 m) and Gizyurd (2433 m) are the highest peaks in the Talysh Range. It mostly consists of pallogene volcanogenic-sedimentary rocks. The region covers 40.3 thousand hectares of forest.  The Zuvand State Reserve is located in Zuvand. In the Botanical Research Center of the National Academy of Sciences studies of the Fauna and Flora is operating here.

Economy.

The district is mainly occupied by mountainous relief, where the population is mainly engaged in agriculture. Annually 2790 tons of grains from 1454 hectares are planted in the region.

Education.

There are 107 secondary schools in the district. About 1269 teachers work in the schools.

Health.

Lerik Region Central Hospital provides medical care to 82 thousand people.

Cultural heritage.

There are 27 architectural monuments of local importance, memorial monuments, and 78 decorative monuments in the territory of lerik district. A historical museum, as well as the museum of “Longevity”, and an art gallery operates in the city.  Ancient mansion "Qizyurdu"l, Baba Isa tomb in the village of Mondigah, Mausoleum of Khalifa Zechariah, Mosque in Lulekaran village (XIX century) Jabir Mausoleum (XII-XIV centuries) and so on are the most famous monuments in the region.  Among historical places the Boy and Girl castles are very famous in the territory. These castles were constructed with the purpose of defense. In one legend it is said that these castles were the houses of ancient Albanians. There are still Albanian cemeteries near the castles.  During the Safavid rule, Shah Ismayil also sent his faithful people to Lerik region. The Babagil mausoleum, which turned into a sanctuary, is the hallmark of those times.  There are 11 cultural centers, 64 libraries (one central library in the city, one children's library), 55 clubs, 1 painting gallery, 2 primary music schools in the district.  303700 copies of political, artistic and scientific literature have been collected in the branches of the centralized library system of the district. 24 thousand people benefit from this fund.

Notable persons.

• Boyukagha Mirsalayev - Second Secretary of the Central Committee of Transcaucasia KP (b).  • Iqbal Mammadov - Doctor of Philosophy in Economics, Member of the Milli Mejlis of the Republic of Azerbaijan.  • Huseynbala Miralamov - doctor of technical sciences, professor, well-known writer, deputy of Milli Majlis  • Novruz Novruzov - a writer-publicist, head of executive power  • Mammadhuseyn Aliyev - writer and playwright.  • Eldar Isgandarzadeh - poet-dramatist, screenwriter.

See also.

The Caspian Hyrcanian mixed forests ecoregion is an area of lush lowland and montane forests (subtropical and temperate rainforests) that covers the Lerik rayon. In southeast Azerbaijan, this ecoregion includes the Lankaran Lowland and the Talysh Mountains.

Lerik Rayon is a rayon located near the Iranian border in southern Azerbaijan, between the tall mountains of the Talysh Mountains and the agricultural plain of the Lankaran Lowland.


Early life and education.

He was born in 1952 in Albuquerque, New Mexico to a family of Hispanic heritage. Chávez attended both Catholic and public secondary schools. After graduating from Manzano High School, Chávez earned a bachelor's degree from the University of New Mexico and a Juris Doctor from Georgetown University Law Center.

Career.

He was the founding director of the New Mexico Workers' Compensation Administration in 1986.

New Mexico Senate.

From 1987 to 1993 he served in the New Mexico Senate, where he helped pass the New Mexico Workers Compensation Act and to implement the Voter Registration Reform Act, known as "motor voter."

First mayoral term.

1993 election.

He pulled a major upset by defeating former Governor David Cargo in the 1993 election for Mayor of Albuquerque 50.4%-49.6%, a difference of just 596 votes.

1998 gubernatorial election.

In 1997, Chávez opted not to run for re-election as mayor and instead ran for Governor of New Mexico in 1998. He won the six-candidate Democratic primary with 48% of the vote and won most of the counties in the state. He defeated very experienced candidates like State Representative Gary King, former Governor Jerry Apodaca, and State Auditor Robert Vigil. In the general election he was defeated by incumbent Republican governor Gary Johnson 55%-45%.

Second mayoral term.

2001 election.

In 2001, Chávez again ran for Mayor of Albuquerque and finished first in a seven-candidate race.

2005 re-election bid.

In 2005, he was the first mayor to be re-elected for two consecutive terms since the creation of the strong mayoral form of government in 1974

Tenure.

As Mayor, Chávez partnered with the University of New Mexico, Sandia National Laboratories and leading entrepreneurs and educators to establish the Albuquerque Institute of Math and Science (AIMS), a charter high school dedicated to academic excellence. In 2009, the AIMS graduated its first senior class of 26 students. For the first time in New Mexico's history, an entire graduating class had enrolled in college. AIMS is now the #1 public high school in the State of New Mexico for math, science and reading. http://www.aims-unm.org/academics/index.cfm

Recognitions.

During his tenure as Mayor, Chávez and the City of Albuquerque received the following recognitions:

2008 U.S. Senate election.

On October 8, 2007, Chávez announced his candidacy for the U.S. Senate seat that was being vacated by retiring Republican Senator Pete Domenici. Democratic leaders, including Senator Charles Schumer, Chairman of Democratic Senatorial Campaign Committee, recruited Tom Udall into the race.  Chávez indicated that he intended to remain in the race, referring to Udall as Washington's "fair-haired boy". However, Chavez withdrew from the race on December 7 saying, "While I deeply appreciate all the support I have received, it has become very clear to me that Democrats should not be divided in the upcoming election. "

2009 re-election bid.

In 2009, Chávez succeeded in overturning a two-consecutive mayoral term limit, which he had gotten passed into law, and announced he would seek a third consecutive, and fourth overall, term as mayor. He ran against Republican State Representative Richard J. Berry and Democratic State Senator Richard Romero in a hotly contested race. Romero split the Democratic vote, and Richard J. Berry defeated Chavez 44% to 35% while Romero finished a distant third with 21%.

Post-mayoral career.

ICLEI.

In March 2010, Chávez, was appointed Executive Director of ICLEI Local Governments for Sustainability USA. Chávez had served on ICLEI USA's Board of Directors and was recognized nationally as a "green mayor" during his tenure in Albuquerque. Chavez leads a staff of 52 ICLEI USA employees, based in six regional offices: Boston, Atlanta, Chicago, Houston, Oakland, and Seattle. In addition to these responsibilities Chávez also speaks at many conferences including George Mason University's Washington Youth Summit on the Environment in 2011.

Memberships.

Chavez serves on the Board of the Mexican American Legal Defense and Educational Fund (MALDEF). Chávez is a member of the National Building Museum's Intelligent Cities Advisory Committee and member of the U.S. Department of Agriculture's Vibrant Cities and Urban Forests Task Force. In March 2011, Chávez joined polar explorer and environmentalist Robert Swan, on an expedition to explore the effects of climate change in the Antarctica. Chávez visited the remnants of the Larsen Ice Shelf known as "Larsen B"; once an ice shelf larger than the state of Rhode Island, which disintegrated over a three-week period in 2002 as a result of climate change. Chavez serves a Member of the Board of Directors of American Rivers.http://www.americanrivers.org/about/governance/

2012 congressional election.

Chávez sought the Democratic nomination to succeed Martin Heinrich in the U.S. House, but lost to Bernalillo County Commissioner Michelle Lujan Grisham.

Current Memberships.

Martin Chavez was named to a two-year term on the board of directors of the Mexican American Legal Defense and Educational Fund (MALDEF) in May 2013. He also on the board of directors of American Rivers. He is a former senior adviser to the Hispanic Technology and Telecommunications Partnership (HTTP), He is currently a senior adviser to Smart City Media, an Internet of Things company that merges interactive smart signs with mobile applications to deliver location-based media in real time, and to P3GM, a Smart Cities technology startup focusing on public-private partnerships in the smart cities arena. He is also a member of the board of directors of the Center for National Policy/Truman Security Project.

Martin Joseph "Marty" Chávez (born March 2, 1952) is an American politician, businessman, and attorney who served as mayor of Albuquerque, New Mexico and New Mexico State Senator. He served as the Executive Director of ICLEI Local Governments for Sustainability USA. and Chairman of the Advisory Board for the Center for Green Schools at U.S. Green Building Council. In 2012, he unsuccessfully sought the Democratic nomination for the Congressional seat being vacated by Martin Heinrich, who retired from the House to run for Senate.


Early life.

Gabriela Silang was born in Barangay Caniogan, Santa, Ilocos Sur to a Spanish Ilocano father named Anselmo Cariño, a trader who ferried his wares from Vigan to Abra along the Abra River and a descendant of Ignacio Cariño, the first Galician from Spain to arrive in Candon, Ilocos Sur the in late 17th century. Her mother was a Tinguian who was from a Tinguian barrio in San Quintin, Abra (now Pidigan).  She received a Christian upbringing from the town's parish priest, and attained elementary level education at the town's convent school. After being separated from her parents early in her childhood, she was raised by a priest, who eventually arranged a marriage between her and the wealthy businessman. They married in 1751, and he died three years later.

Revolutionary involvement.

Relationship with Diego Silang.

After being widowed by her first husband, Gabriela met future insurgent leader Diego Silang and married him in 1757. In 1762, as part of what would later be known as the Seven Years' War, Britain declared war on Spain, and captured Manila, resulting in the British occupying the city. After the capture of Manila, an emboldened Diego sought to initiate an armed struggle to overthrow the Spanish functionaries in Ilocos and replace them with native-born officials. He joined forces with the British, who appointed him governor of the Ilocos region on their behalf. During this revolt, Gabriela became one of Diego's closest advisors and his unofficial aide-de-camp during skirmishes with Spanish troops. She was also a major figure in her husband's co-operation with the British. Spanish authorities retaliated by offering a reward for Diego’s assassination. Consequently, his two former allies Miguel Vicos and Pedro Becbec killed him in Vigan on May 28, 1763.

Revolutionary leadership in Abra.

After Diego's assassination, Gabriela fled to Tayum, Abra to seek refuge in the house of her paternal uncle, Nicolas Cariño. There, she appointed her first two generals, Miguel Flores and Tagabuen Infiel. She later assumed her husband's role as commander of the rebel troops and achieved a "priestess" status amongst her community and followers. Her popular image as the bolo-wielding "La Generala" on horseback stems from this period.

Assault on Vigan and Execution.

On September 10, 1763, Silang tried to besiege Vigan but the Spanish retaliated, forcing her into hiding. She retreated once more to Abra, where the Spanish later captured her. On September 20, 1763, Silang and her troops were executed by hanging in Vigan's central plaza.

Descendants.

A list of the closest-living relatives of Gabriela Cariño Silang through her paternal uncle, Nicolas Cariño:  Some of Silang's living relations still reside in the ancestral house at the Cariño family seat of Tayum. The house, now a museum and art gallery called the "Casa Museo Cariño", is maintained by H. E. Ambassador Rosario Cariño. Among the rooms on display is the bedroom of Gabriela Cariño Silang while she used the house of her uncle, Nicolas Cariño, as her headquarters when she fled after Diego's murder in 1763.

María Josefa Gabriela Cariño de Silang (19 March 1731 – 20 September 1763) was a Filipina revolutionary leader best known as the first female leader of an Ilocano movement for independence from Spain. She took over the reins of her husband Diego Silang's revolutionary movement after his assassination in 1763, leading the Ilocano rebel movement for four months before she was captured and executed by the colonial government of the Spanish East Indies.


Life and career.

Early life and education.

Noble was born in Fort Dix, a United States Army post south-east of Trenton, New Jersey, to an African-American father and a German mother. He was raised in nearby Jobstown, where his father worked as a janitor after serving as a master sergeant in the army. Noble attended Northern Burlington County Regional High School before graduating from the University of New Hampshire in 1979 with a bachelor's degree in economics and business administration. He later attended Stanford Law School, serving as an editor on the "Stanford Law Review" and graduating "cum laude" in 1982.

Beginnings and public service.

Noble began his career as a law clerk for A. Leon Higginbotham Jr., a judge at the United States Court of Appeals for the Third Circuit, who persuaded him to enter public service. In 1984, he became an assistant U.S. Attorney for the Eastern District of Pennsylvania under Edward S. G. Dennis, where he prosecuted several high-profile drug and corruption cases in Philadelphia. He then moved to the Department of Justice in Washington, D.C. in 1988 to work as a deputy assistant Attorney General and chief of staff for Dennis, who had been appointed the assistant Attorney General for the Criminal Division.  In 1993, Noble was appointed the Under Secretary of the Treasury for Enforcement, being placed in charge of the Secret Service, the Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, and Firearms (ATF), the Customs Service Office of Enforcement, the Federal Law Enforcement Training Center, the Office of Foreign Assets Control and the Financial Crimes Enforcement Network. He was head of the department's "Waco Administrative Review Team", which produced a report on the ATF's actions against the Branch Davidians, leading to the Waco siege.  In 1994, following a plane crash on the south lawn of the White House carried out by Frank Eugene Corder, Secretary of the Treasury Lloyd Bentsen directed Under Secretary Noble and Secret Service director Eljay B. Bowron to conduct an investigation into the circumstances leading to the crash. In 1995, a public report of the White House Security Review was published; President Bill Clinton accepted all of its recommendations and announced the closure of the portion of Pennsylvania Avenue in front of the White House on May 21, 1995, restricting movement to pedestrian traffic to eliminate the threat of car bomb or truck bomb attacks.  In 1996, Noble returned to New York University School of Law to continue working as a tenured professor. In 1998, he participated as a witness for the defense during the trial for the impeachment of Clinton.

Interpol.

In 1998, with the support of Attorney General Janet Reno and FBI director Louis Freeh, Noble applied to become the secretary-general of Interpol and succeed incumbent Raymond Kendall. On November 3, 2000, at the age of 44, Noble was elected to the position, becoming the first non-European, the first non-white person, the first American and the youngest secretary-general in the organization's history. Noble was nominated for the post by the organization's Executive Committee the previous year, and on September 20, 2005, during Interpol's 74th General Assembly in Berlin, he was re-elected for a second five-year term. On November 9, 2010, Noble was re-elected for a third term as secretary-general during the organization's 79th General Assembly in Doha, Qatar. On November 7, 2014, he resigned from the role and was succeeded by Jürgen Stock, who was unanimously elected during Interpol's 83rd General Assembly in Monaco.  Noble's endorsement of the Belorussian state investigation into the April 2011 bomb explosion in the Minsk Metro was questioned in 2012 by BBC journalist John Sweeney. In a May 2011 press conference in Minsk, Noble praised the "high professionalism" of the police, Ministry of Internal Affairs officials, and other government officials for quickly completing the investigation. According to Sweeney, Noble endorsed the CCTV footage used in the investigation, the credibility of which was later questioned. Interpol said the BBC documentary was based on "biased speculation".  In December 2017, an Argentine judge alleged that while at Interpol, Noble along with former Argentine President Cristina Fernandez de Kirchner had been involved in a cover-up of Argentina's alleged attempt to cancel INTERPOL Red Notices that had been issued against former Iranian government officials for the July 1994 terrorist attack of the AMIA Jewish center in Buenos Aires. The influential NGO Human Rights Watch stated "Relatives of victims of the AMIA terrorist attack deserve justice for this heinous crime... but, instead of promoting accountability, this far-fetched indictment further tarnishes the credibility of the Argentine judiciary over the AMIA attack investigations.” Noble refuted the claim of cover-up, calling the judge's report "false, misleading and incomplete".

Security consultancy.

After leaving Interpol, Noble founded a multinational security consultancy firm called RKN Global DWC LLC, which is headquartered in Dubai, UAE. In February 2016, the firm announced plans to build a security printing plant in Banská Bystrica, Slovakia, a project that would cost €89 million and employ 1,200 people. On June 24, 2016, however, the firm rejected an investment subsidy of €18 million from the Government of Slovakia and withdrew the plans following political opposition to the project in the country and uncertainty created by the UK's decision to leave the EU.

Personal life.

Noble is married and has one son. As well as English, he speaks French, Spanish and German.

Ronald Kenneth "Ron" Noble (born September 24, 1956) is an American law enforcement officer who served as the secretary-general of the International Criminal Police Organization (Interpol) from 2000 to 2014. He was the organization's first American and youngest secretary-general at the time of his appointment. Noble previously worked as a public servant in various U.S. government agencies, including the District Court for the Eastern District of Pennsylvania, the Department of Justice and the Treasury.


Definition.

Let K denote the field either of real or complex numbers. Denote by K the set of all sequences of scalars This can be turned into a vector space by defining vector addition as and the scalar multiplication as A sequence space is any linear subspace of K.

l spaces.

For 0 < "p" < ∞, l is the subspace of K consisting of all sequences "x" = (x) satisfying If "p" ≥ 1, then the real-valued operation formula_5 defined by defines a norm on l. In fact, l is a complete metric space with respect to this norm, and therefore is a Banach space.  If 0 < "p" < 1, then l does not carry a norm, but rather a metric defined by  If "p" = ∞, then l is defined to be the space of all bounded sequences. With respect to the norm l is also a Banach space.

"c", "c" and "c".

The space of convergent sequences "c" is a sequence space. This consists of all "x" ∈ K such that lim"x" exists. Since every convergent sequence is bounded, "c" is a linear subspace of l. It is, moreover, a closed subspace with respect to the infinity norm, and so a Banach space in its own right.  The subspace of null sequences "c" consists of all sequences whose limit is zero. This is a closed subspace of "c", and so again a Banach space.  The subspace of eventually zero sequences "c" consists of all sequences which have only finitely many nonzero elements. This is not a closed subspace and therefore is not a Banach space with respect to the infinity norm. For example, the sequence ("x") where "x" has 1/"n" for the first "n" entries and is zero everywhere else (i.e. "x" = (1, 1/2,..., 1/"n", 0,...)) is Cauchy w.r.t. infinity norm but not convergent (to a sequence in "c").

Other sequence spaces.

The space of bounded series, denote by bs, is the space of sequences "x" for which This space, when equipped with the norm is a Banach space isometrically isomorphic to l, via the linear mapping The subspace "cs" consisting of all convergent series is a subspace that goes over to the space "c" under this isomorphism.  The space Φ or formula_12 is defined to be the space of all infinite sequences with only a finite number of non-zero terms (sequences with finite support). This set is dense in many sequence spaces.

Properties of l spaces and the space "c".

The space l is the only l space that is a Hilbert space, since any norm that is induced by an inner product should satisfy the parallelogram law  Substituting two distinct unit vectors for "x" and "y" directly shows that the identity is not true unless "p" = 2.  Each l is distinct, in that l is a strict subset of l whenever "p" < "s"; furthermore, l is not linearly isomorphic to l when "p" ≠ "s". In fact, by Pitt's theorem, every bounded linear operator from l to l is compact when "p" < "s". No such operator can be an isomorphism; and further, it cannot be an isomorphism on any infinite-dimensional subspace of l, and is thus said to be strictly singular.  If 1 < "p" < ∞, then the (continuous) dual space of l is isometrically isomorphic to l, where "q" is the Hölder conjugate of "p": 1/"p" + 1/"q" = 1. The specific isomorphism associates to an element "x" of l the functional for "y" in l. Hölder's inequality implies that "L" is a bounded linear functional on l, and in fact so that the operator norm satisfies In fact, taking "y" to be the element of l with gives "L"("y") = ||"x"||, so that in fact Conversely, given a bounded linear functional "L" on l, the sequence defined by "x" = "L"("e") lies in l. Thus the mapping formula_19 gives an isometry  The map obtained by composing κ with the inverse of its transpose coincides with the canonical injection of l into its double dual. As a consequence l is a reflexive space. By abuse of notation, it is typical to identify l with the dual of l: (l) = l. Then reflexivity is understood by the sequence of identifications (l) = (l) = l.  The space "c" is defined as the space of all sequences converging to zero, with norm identical to ||"x"||. It is a closed subspace of l, hence a Banach space. The dual of "c" is l; the dual of l is l. For the case of natural numbers index set, the l and "c" are separable, with the sole exception of l. The dual of l is the ba space.  The spaces "c" and l (for 1 ≤ "p" < ∞) have a canonical unconditional Schauder basis {"e" | "i" = 1, 2...}, where "e" is the sequence which is zero but for a 1 in the "i" entry.  The space l has the Schur property: In l, any sequence that is weakly convergent is also strongly convergent. However, since the weak topology on infinite-dimensional spaces is strictly weaker than the strong topology, there are nets in l that are weak convergent but not strong convergent.  The l spaces can be embedded into many Banach spaces. The question of whether every infinite-dimensional Banach space contains an isomorph of some l or of "c", was answered negatively by B. S. Tsirelson's construction of Tsirelson space in 1974. The dual statement, that every separable Banach space is linearly isometric to a quotient space of l, was answered in the affirmative by. That is, for every separable Banach space "X", there exists a quotient map formula_22, so that "X" is isomorphic to formula_23. In general, ker "Q" is not complemented in l, that is, there does not exist a subspace "Y" of l such that formula_24. In fact, l has uncountably many uncomplemented subspaces that are not isomorphic to one another (for example, take formula_25; since there are uncountably many such "X"'s, and since no l is isomorphic to any other, there are thus uncountably many ker "Q"'s).  Except for the trivial finite-dimensional case, an unusual feature of l is that it is not polynomially reflexive.

l spaces are increasing in "p".

For formula_26, the spaces formula_27 are increasing in formula_28, with the inclusion operator being continuous: for formula_29, one has formula_30.  This follows from defining formula_31 for formula_32, and noting that formula_33 for all formula_34, which can be shown to imply formula_35.

Properties of l spaces.

A sequence of elements in l converges in the space of complex sequences l if and only if it converges weakly in this space. If "K" is a subset of this space, then the following are equivalent: Here "K" being equismall at infinity means that for every formula_36, there exists an integer formula_37 such that formula_38 for all formula_39.

In functional analysis and related areas of mathematics, a sequence space is a vector space whose elements are infinite sequences of real or complex numbers. Equivalently, it is a function space whose elements are functions from the natural numbers to the field K of real or complex numbers. The set of all such functions is naturally identified with the set of all possible infinite sequences with elements in K, and can be turned into a vector space under the operations of pointwise addition of functions and pointwise scalar multiplication. All sequence spaces are linear subspaces of this space. Sequence spaces are typically equipped with a norm, or at least the structure of a topological vector space.


Geography.

Bellevue is located at (41.275808, -82.842099).  According to the 2010 census, the city has a total area of, of which (or 98.24%) is land and (or 1.92%) is water.

Demographics.

2010 census.

As of the census of 2010, there were 8,202 people, 3,296 households, and 2,148 families living in the city. The population density was. There were 3,662 housing units at an average density of. The racial makeup of the city was 96.3% White, 0.6% African American, 0.2% Native American, 0.2% Asian, 0.7% from other races, and 2.0% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 3.2% of the population.  There were 3,296 households, of which 34.5% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 46.9% were married couples living together, 12.9% had a female householder with no husband present, 5.4% had a male householder with no wife present, and 34.8% were non-families. 29.8% of all households were made up of individuals, and 12.5% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.45 and the average family size was 3.01.  The median age in the city was 36.5 years. 26% of residents were under the age of 18; 8.5% were between the ages of 18 and 24; 26.6% were from 25 to 44; 24.3% were from 45 to 64; and 14.5% were 65 years of age or older. The gender makeup of the city was 47.9% male and 52.1% female.

2000 census.

As of the census of 2000, there were 8,193 people, 3,332 households, and 2,242 families living in the city. The population density was 1,619.8 people per square mile (625.2/km). There were 3,559 housing units at an average density of 703.6 per square mile (271.6/km). The racial makeup of the city was 97.77% White, 0.27% African American, 0.15% Native American, 0.27% Asian, 0.82% from other races, and 0.73% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 2.56% of the population.  There were 3,332 households, out of which 32.8% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 53.2% were married couples living together, 10.4% had a female householder with no husband present, and 32.7% were non-families. 27.6% of all households were made up of individuals, and 12.4% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.46 and the average family size was 3.01.  In the city the population was spread out, with 26.5% under the age of 18, 8.3% from 18 to 24, 29.1% from 25 to 44, 21.5% from 45 to 64, and 14.6% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 36 years. For every 100 females, there were 93.1 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 88.6 males.  The median income for a household in the city was $88,100, and the median income for a family was $98,173. Males had a median income of $76,601 versus $44,189 for females. The per capita income for the city was $58,932. About 1.3% of families and 2.8% of the population were below the poverty line, including 1.5% of those under age 18 and 1% of those age 65 or over.

Media.

Bellevue and the surrounding area was served by a daily newspaper, "The Bellevue Gazette". The Gazette closed in June 2016, and is no longer in operation.

Transportation.

Roads.

Bellevue is located on U.S. Route 20, which forms East and West Main Street. State Routes 18, 269, and 113 also run through the city. There is no public transportation, such as passenger buses or taxis. Bellevue is also served by the Ohio Turnpike via U.S. Route 20 and State Route 4.

Railroad.

During the first half of the 20th century, Bellevue was a busy railroad hub of the Nickel Plate Road, and it remains today as a hub for the Norfolk Southern Railway, which operates a massive railroad yard in Bellevue. From Bellevue, Norfolk Southern Lines extend northeast to Cleveland, north to Sandusky, northwest to Toledo, west to Fort Wayne, Indiana and south to Columbus. Also, the Wheeling and Lake Erie Railway operates a line from Bellevue that extends east to Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania.

National Register of Historic Places.

Bellevue and the surrounding countryside are home to three sites listed on the National Register of Historic Places: the Heter Farm, the John Wright Mansion, and the Tremont House.

Bellevue () is a city in Erie, Huron, Seneca, and Sandusky counties in the U.S. state of Ohio, located 61 miles southwest of Cleveland and 45 miles southeast of Toledo. The population was 8,202 at the 2010 census. The National Arbor Day Foundation has designated Bellevue as a Tree City USA.


Early life.

Walton was born in 1834, near Halifax. His father James Walton was a successful inventor and business owner from Haughton Dale near Manchester, where he owned the Haughton Dale Mill, which supplied wire for James's successful carding business. Frederick was educated at Horton School, in Bradford and at the Wakefield Proprietary School.

Waltons and Sons.

In 1855, Frederick joined his father James and brother William in the family wire card-making business of Walton and Sons, in Haughton Dale. He spent much of his time working on new techniques for the business. In 1856, he was granted his first patent for wire brushes with ornamental backings. In 1857, he discovered how to solidify linseed oil, which was to lead to his most famous invention. However he also disagreed with his father about, the value of his experimentation. later in 1857, they dissolved the partnership and Frederick moved to Hammersmith, where he set up his own company to continue his work.

Invention of Linoleum.

In 1860, he established an experimental factory in Chiswick where he worked on oxidisation of linseed oil, for which he was granted a patent in 1860. He experimented with the oxidized oil as a replacement for rubber. He discovered that combining the oil with cork and colouring agents produced a useful material for floor covering, and in 1863 patented this new material. Walton called this new cloth "linoleum". He moved his factory for Staines, and in 1864, formed the Linoleum Manufacturing Company and by 1869 the factory in Staines was exporting to Europe and the United States.

Expansion to America.

In the 1870s, Walton partnered with carpet manufacturer John Crossley to form the American Linoleum Company. They set up a factory at Linoleumville, New York to manufacture linoleum. Walton spent two years in America setting up the factory and starting the business, before returning to the United Kingdom. The America company was highly successful and profitable.

Patents.

Walton obtained further patents for processes related to the production of linoleum. In 1863, he patented a method of passing sheets of coloured linoleum through rollers to emboss a pattern on them. In 1882, he patented machinery to make inlaid mosaic floor coverings. He also invented a number of related products, most notably Lincrusta, an embossed wall-covering base on linoleum, launched in 1877. In all he obtained over 100 patents.

Death.

Walton died in 1928, aged 94.

Personal life.

In 1867, Walton married Alice Scruby. They had four children:  Walton was an avid collector of art, and also painted himself. His son-in-law Herbert Vivian said that Walton "bought many expensive paintings and painted many excellent ones himself".

Frederick Edward Walton (13 March 183416 May 1928), was an English manufacturer and inventor whose invention of Linoleum in Chiswick was patented in 1863. He also invented Lincrusta in 1877.


Life.

Born in Jonesboro, Georgia, he graduated from Emory College in 1909 with a Bachelor of Arts degree. Immediately following graduation, Rivers was admitted to the Johns Hopkins Medical School. His plans of becoming a physician could not be realized at first as he was diagnosed with a neuromuscular degeneration which forced him to leave medical school and work as a laboratory assistant at a hospital in the Panama Canal Zone. When by 1912 the illness had not become worse he returned to Johns Hopkins and graduated in 1915. He stayed at Johns Hopkins until 1919.  In March 1922 he headed the infectious disease ward at the Rockefeller Institute for Medical Research and became the institute's director in June 1937. After retiring in 1956, he remained active with the Rockefeller Foundation. His work in the 1930s and 1940s contributed to making the institute a leader in viral research. In 1934 Rivers was elected to the National Academy of Sciences in section 10 (pathology and microbiology). As chairman of committees on research and vaccine advisory for the National Foundation for Infantile Paralysis, he oversaw the clinical trials of Jonas Salk's vaccine. He served in the armed forces medical corps during both World Wars. During the Second World War, Rivers led the Naval Medical Research Unit Two (NAMRU-2) in the South Pacific, rising to the rank of rear admiral.  In 1948 Rivers edited a standard book on viral and Rickettsial infections.  In 1958 he was inducted into the Polio Hall of Fame at Warm Springs, Georgia.  Rivers was married to Teresa Jacobina Riefle of Baltimore. Rivers died at Forest Hills, New York in 1962 and was buried at Arlington National Cemetery on account of his military rank.

Thomas Milton Rivers (September 3, 1888 – May 12, 1962) was an American bacteriologist and virologist. The "father of modern virology."


Administration and organization.

UAZ is organized in academic areas, subdivided in academic unities.. The following are the academic areas the university us divided into: Academic Area of Art and Culture, Academic Area of Basic Sciences, Academic Area of Health Sciences, Academic Area of Engineering, Academic Area of Humanities and Education, Academic Area of Social, Economic and Administrative Sciences and Academic Area of Agricultural Sciences. These organizational sets are further divided into academic unities.

Staff and labor Unions.

Most of the staff is unionized under the "Sindicato de los Trabajadores de la Universidad Autónoma de Zacatecas" (Autonomous University of Zacatecas' Workers Union). In addition to this, most of the academia affiliates with the "SPAUAZ" (Autonomous University of Zacatecas Academic Personal Union). UAZ, since its beginnings, has had a history of conflicted and prolonged labor negotiations with each, or both, of these unions, often culminating in strikes

Campus.

"Ciudad Universitaria Campus Siglo XXI" is the university main campus, it's located in the outskirts of the city of Zacatecas

Campus life.

UAZ is a small-sized research university, most of whose students are in the undergraduate and professional schools. Most of the students are native to the State, but an important minority comes from different parts of the Mexican federation. There also exists a small percent of foreigner attendees.

Political Activism.

UAZ students and professors often engage in political and social activism and its members have a long tradition in doing so. Because of this UAZ has been an important figure in the State's policy making decision since its foundation.

Noted alumni.

Being the most important University in Zacatecas many of the most prominent figures in the economical, political, scientific, and artistic life of the State and Mexico were members of the UAZ alumni or faculty.

References.

The Universidad Autónoma de Zacatecas (UAZ) (Autonomous University of Zacatecas) is a Mexican public research university based in the city of Zacatecas, Zacatecas, but with several campuses across the state. It is considered both the most prestigious and most important college in the State. According to Mexican business and economics newspaper El Economista the UAZ is among the 20 best Mexican universities.


Biography.

Gordon was born in Morrilton, the seat of Conway County in central Arkansas, to Edward Gordon and the former Ada Ruth Bearden. After attending Morrilton public schools through the 10th grade, he graduated from Columbia Military Academy, in Columbia, Tennessee, in 1933, where he was salutatorian. Gordon then went on to college at Arkansas Polytechnic College in Russellville. While enrolled in Arkansas Polytechnical College, he enlisted in Battery D, 206th Coast Artillery, Arkansas Army National Guard. Following graduation, he attend law school at the University of Arkansas in Fayetteville. While attending law school Gordon joined Sigma Nu Fraternity and served as chapter president. He graduated with a Juris Doctor degree in 1939.  Gordon practiced law in his hometown of Morrilton before joining the Navy in May 1941. After qualifying as a naval aviator, he was sent to the southwest Pacific Ocean, where he would serve more than two years. He joined Patrol Squadron 34, nicknamed the "Black Cats", a PBY Catalina patrol and rescue squadron based at Samarai Advanced Seaplane Base in Milne Bay, New Guinea.  By February 15, 1944, he was a lieutenant, junior grade, in command of a Catalina, Bureau Number 08139, which he nicknamed "Arkansas Traveler". On that day, Gordon rescued 15 survivors of several downed aircraft of the United States Army Air Forces, for which he was awarded the Medal of Honor. He was subsequently promoted to lieutenant, and served in the Navy until 1945, when he was released from active duty.  After the war, Gordon formed a business partnership with his brother, Edward Gordon, Jr., and returned to the practice of law in Morrilton. His political career began in 1946, when he was elected Lieutenant Governor of Arkansas under Governor Benjamin Travis Laney. He took office in January 1947 and was re-elected to nine more two-year terms, finally leaving office in January 1967. During his tenure he served under four different Governors: Laney (1945–1949), Sid McMath (1949–1953), Francis Cherry (1953–1955), and Orval Faubus (1955–1967).  Gordon did not seek reelection in 1966, when the Democratic nominee, James Pilkinton of Hope, narrowly lost the general election to Maurice L. Britt, the first Republican to hold the state's second highest office since Reconstruction. Like Gordon, Britt was also a military hero.  The Arkansas Aviation Historical Society selected Gordon in 1980 as one of five initial inductees in the Arkansas Aviation Hall of Fame.

Medal of Honor mission.

On February 15, the Fifth Air Force attacked Kavieng on the island of New Ireland. The mission consisted of four squadrons of A-20 Havocs from the 3rd Bombardment Group that attacked shipping in the harbor, and seven squadrons of B-25's from the 38th and 345th Groups that bombed facilities along the harbor front. Accurate antiaircraft fire shot down eight of the low-level strafers.  Gordon's PBY Catalina, "Arkansas Traveler", was on station near Witu, escorted by four P-47 Thunderbolts of the 348th Fighter Group. In one of the "most striking rescues of the war," he made four separate landings and take-offs under Japanese fire. On his first landing, endangered by waves that were breaking 16 to 18 feet high, he searched for the crew of a downed A-20 without locating survivors. The aircraft was severely stressed and took on water from numerous burst seams.  After taking off, Gordon was directed twice to pick up nine men of two B-25s that had ditched, forced to shut down one or both engines to effect the rescues, while two other B-25s strafed the Japanese gun positions to suppress their fire. After the PBY started back to base and its fighter escorts had departed, low on fuel, one of the B-25s spotted two rafts and called back the rescue aircraft. Despite heavy seas and a damaged aircraft, Lt.(j.g.) Gordon executed another landing only 600 yards from shore, overflying Japanese gun positions at low level to land, and picked up an additional six airmen. His final takeoff with 24 men aboard was with a dangerously overloaded aircraft, but he managed to keep the Catalina's nose up until he reached flying speed without nosing over in the rough seas.  Gordon received the Medal of Honor in September 1944, and his crew of eight each received the Silver Star.

Medal of Honor citation.

Lieutenant Gordon's official Medal of Honor citation reads:  For extraordinary heroism above and beyond the call of duty as commander of a Catalina patrol plane in rescuing personnel of the U.S. Army 5th Air Force shot down in combat over Kavieng Harbor in the Bismarck Sea, February 15, 1944. On air alert in the vicinity of Vitu Islands, Lt. (then Lt. j.g.) Gordon unhesitatingly responded to a report of the crash and flew boldly into the harbor, defying close-range fire from enemy shore guns to make 3 separate landings in full view of the Japanese and pick up 9 men, several of them injured. With his cumbersome flying boat dangerously overloaded, he made a brilliant takeoff despite heavy swells and almost total absence of wind and set a course for base, only to receive the report of another group stranded in a rubber life raft 600 yards from the enemy shore. Promptly turning back, he again risked his life to set his plane down under direct fire of the heaviest defenses of Kavieng and take aboard 6 more survivors, coolly making his fourth dexterous takeoff with 15 rescued officers and men. By his exceptional daring, personal valor, and incomparable airmanship under most perilous conditions, Lieutenant Gordon prevented certain death or capture of our airmen by the Japanese.

Nathan Green Gordon (September 4, 1916 – September 8, 2008) was an American lawyer, politician, and decorated naval aviator. A Democrat, he served as the tenth Lieutenant Governor of Arkansas for ten terms, from 1947 to 1967. As a United States Navy officer in World War II, he received the U.S. military's highest decoration—the Medal of Honor—for rescuing the crews of several downed airplanes.


Practices.

When used at the clootie wells in Scotland, Ireland, and the Isle of Man, the pieces of cloth are generally dipped in the water of the holy well and then tied to a branch while a prayer of supplication is said to the spirit of the well – in modern times usually a saint, but in pre-Christian times a goddess or local nature spirit. This is most often done by those seeking healing, though some may do it simply to honour the spirit of the well. In either case, many see this as a probable continuation of the ancient Celtic practice of leaving votive offerings in wells or pits.  There are local variations to the practice. At some wells the tradition is to wash the affected part of the body with the wet rag and then tie the washing-rag on the branch; as the rag disintegrates over time, the ailment is supposed to fade away as well. At some wells the clooties are definitely "rags" and discards, at others, brightly coloured strips of fine cloth. In some locations the ceremony may also include circumambulation (or circling) of the well a set number of times and making an offering of a coin, pin or stone. Additional votive offerings hung on the branches or deposited in the wells may include rosaries, religious medals, crosses, religious icons and other symbols of faith.  At clootie wells where the operative principle is to shed the ailment, and the clootie is thought to represent the ailment, the "offerings" may be grotesque castoffs. Those that instead view the clootie as an offering to the spirit, saint or deity are more likely to tie an attractive, clean piece of cloth or ribbon.  The sacred trees at clootie wells are usually hawthorn trees, though ash trees are also common.  The most popular times for pilgrimages to clootie wells, like other holy wells, are on the feast days of Saints, the Pattern or Patron day, or on the old Gaelic festival days of Imbolc (1 February), Beltane (1 May), Lughnasadh (1 August), or Samhain (1 November).

Locations.

In Scotland, by the village of Munlochy on the A832, is a clootie well at an ancient spring dedicated to Saint Curetán, where rags are still hung on the surrounding bushes and trees. Here the well was once thought to have had the power to cure sick children who were left there overnight. In the heart of Culloden woods near the battlefield is a walled clootie well also known as St Mary's well. This well was traditionally visited on the first Sunday in May. Until recently, it was a popular holiday, with an ice-cream van situated in the car park. However, this tradition is now in decline although still marked. Craigie Well at Avoch on the Black Isle has both offerings of coins and clooties. Rags, wool and human hair were also used as charms against sorcery, and as tokens of penance or fulfilment of a vow. A clootie well once existed at Kilallan near Kilmacolm in Renfrewshire. This holy well was dedicated to St Fillan and cloth was tied to overhanging shrub branches.  In Cornwall, at Madron Well () the practice is to tie the cloth and as it rots the ailment is believed to disappear. In 1894 Madron Well was said to be the only Cornish well where rags were traditionally tied. Rags have only appeared at other Cornish wells such as Alsia Well () and Sancreed Well () in about the last 30 years. Christ's Well at Mentieth was described in 1618 "as all tapestried about with old rags".  In Ireland at Loughcrew, Oldcastle, County Meath () there is a wishing tree, where visitors to the passage tombs tie ribbons to the branch of a hawthorn tree. Loughcrew is a site of considerable historical importance in Ireland. It is the site of megalithic burial grounds dating back to approximately 3500 and 3300 BC, situated near the summit of Sliabh na Caillí and on surrounding hills and valleys.

Popular culture.

In 2002, the folklorist Marion Bowman observed that the number of clootie wells had "increased markedly" both at existing and new locations in recent years. She added that those engaged in the practice often conceived of it as an ancient "Celtic" activity which they were perpetuating.  A fictional clootie well at Auchterarder and the one on Black Isle feature in Ian Rankin's novel "The Naming of the Dead". Author Ian Rankin visited the Clootie Well at Munlochy, on the Black Isle before writing the book.  The Party's Just Beginning written and directed by Inverness-born filmmaker Karen Gillan features the Munlochy Clootie Well

Clootie wells (also Cloutie or Cloughtie wells) are places of pilgrimage in Celtic areas. They are wells or springs, almost always with a tree growing beside them, where strips of cloth or rags have been left, usually tied to the branches of the tree as part of a healing ritual. In Scots nomenclature, a "clootie" or "cloot" is a strip of cloth or rag.


Background.

The film's story is a prequel to the renowned novel "The Legend of the Condor Heroes" as it imagines the older characters when they were younger. It focuses on the main antagonist (Ouyang Feng) and humanizes him into a protagonist while retaining his despicable qualities. Feng, known as the Western Venom, crosses paths with the other powerful wuxia masters. Their backstories depict with great liberty and sometimes completely subvert the intended meaning from the novel.  During the film's long-delayed production, Wong produced a parody of the same novel with the same cast titled "The Eagle Shooting Heroes".  Because it received limited box office success, the parallels "Ashes of Time" drew between modern ideas of dystopia imposed on a "wuxia" film have led critics to cite it as one of Wong Kar-wai's most under-appreciated works.  Due to the original prints being lost Wong re-edited and re-scored the film in 2008 for future theater, DVD and Blu-ray releases under the title Ashes of Time Redux. The film was reduced from 100 to 93 minutes. Both the original and "Redux" versions can still be found on Asian markets, while only the Redux version is available to western markets. Several criticisms of the Redux version have been noted, such as poor image quality and color mastering from the source material, cropping and removal of portions of the bottom image, poor English translations, and the re-scoring.

Summary.

The film follows the main antagonist Ouyang Feng, from the novel "The Legend of the Condor Heroes", when he is a young man crossing paths with other important characters. The movie humanizes Feng and depicts the events that lead to his descend to villainy. It sometimes completely subverts the intended meaning of the novel, as in Feng's copulation with his sister-in-law, which is depicted as sinister and taboo in the book but is shown as true love in the film; the longing for her serves as a common theme that echoes throughout the movie.

Plot.

Set in ancient China, the film consists of five short stories each featuring a main character from the novel; with the young Ouyang Feng serving as narrator and the common link.

Opening.

The story begins after the main events that take place later in the film, with Ouyang Feng – now known as the Western Venom due to his spitefulness and mercilessness; and hailing from the western province – effortlessly toying with and disposing of a group of henchmen. He narrates that he is venomous because he is enraged with jealousy.  The story backtracks many years to the time when Feng is younger and working as a broker for assassins in a remote and desert region. He eagerly waits for his friend Huang, who visits him once a year around this time.

Act I – Huang Yaoshi (Eastern Heretic).

Huang Yaoshi (Eastern Heretic) kills a band of bandits to take one of their horses. He arrives at Feng's and presents to him a bottle of wine called "Drunken Alive, Perish in Dreams" that he said was given to him by a close friend. His friend claims the wine can make a person forget the past and start each day anew, free of past burdens; he proceeds to drink the wine while Feng declines. That night, Huang begins to lose his memory, hurriedly leaves and chases after a shadowy woman who had awoken him in his sleep. The shadowy woman may be a fragment of his dream.  Huang arrives at a shallow river. A woman (Cherry Blossom) is standing in the river and tending to her horse. Huang, seemingly still retains memory of her, looks smugly at her while she steals glances at him. Neither one speaks.  In the next scene, Huang drinks with the Blind Swordsman inside an establishment. Huang asks how they know each other. The Blind Swordsman tells him they used to be best friends but Huang stole the former's wife. As he is leaving, the Blind Swordsman narrates that he would have killed Huang if not for the fact that he is losing his sight and cannot see at night.  An argument takes place between two patrons, one being Murong Yang. Yang tries to draw his sword when Huang interjects and urges him to calm down but Yang unleashes his sword and inadvertently cuts Huang. Huang retreats outside, leans on a wall, and sees blood coming from his lower abdomen. Inside, Yang is laughing hysterically. Feng narrates that when Huang is a young man, he is charming and rebellious. He breaks women's hearts just as easily as they fall in love with him.

Act II – Murong Yang / Murong Yin (Dugu Qiubai).

Yang arrives at Feng's looking to hire an assassin to kill Huang. He claims that Huang has broken his sister's heart and deserves to die. Later, Yang's sister, Yin arrives at Feng's and attempts to call off the order. She tells Feng that her brother is in love with her but she loves Huang, who told her that she is the one he loves the most. Yang and Yin are the same person, a woman who sometimes dresses as a man.  In a flashback, one night after rounds of drinking, Huang tells Yang that if the later has a sister he will marry her. Yang, already infatuated with Huang, tells him she will present her sister to him. Yin arrives at the rendezvous, dressed as her natural sex, but Huang doesn't show up. The event sends her into a rage and she seeks to have Huang killed but she is torn on killing the person who broke her heart and the person who she is madly in love with. After a night of conversation with Feng where she fades in and out of character between Yang and Yin; she abandons the idea of killing Huang. That night, Feng feels someone caressing him while he is sleeping. The camera pans to Yin sneaking into Feng's bedroom but the person she envisions caressing is Huang while Feng dreams he is being touched by his ex-lover. Feng says that he has never seen Yin again after that night.  Feng narrates that people who have been deeply hurt in love sometimes invent strange narratives to protect their wounded hearts. No one has seen Yang or Yin since; but shortly after her disappearance, a strange and powerful swordsman named Dugu Qiubai (who likes to practice her swordplay with her own reflection) appears on the stage. The film then shows Dugu Qiubai as Yang and Yin interchangeably.

Act III – Blind Swordsman.

The Blind Swordsman approaches Feng for a job to help pay for his journey back home to see the cherry blossom. Feng offers him the job of protecting the villages from the band of bandits seeking revenge for the comrades that Huang killed earlier in the film.  The Girl with a Mule solicits Feng's help in hiring an assassin to exact revenge on a group of imperial guards who killed her younger brother. She is a poor peasant who can only offer an old mule and a basket of eggs as payment. Feng coldly brushes her off and implies she should offer her body as compensation, a suggestion that disgusts her. Undeterred, she sits outside Feng's front gate hoping to solicit assassins who come to work with Feng. While observing her through his balcony, Feng laments that from this vantage point, she reminds him of his ex-lover.  Feng notes that The Blind Swordsman has a very orderly and rigid daily routine, but he knows that even though the later lights a candle at night, he cannot see in the dark.  During the course of fighting the bandits, the weather changes to heavy overcast, the Blind Swordsman is unable to see and is killed in battle.

Act IV – Hong Qigong (Northern Beggar).

Feng comes across an exhausted and dirty young man (Hong Qigong) who has run out of food and money. He offers him food, shelter, and a job to work as an assassin. Hong begrudgingly accepts.  Hong's first job is to kill the bandits, who are returning to cause havoc after being impeded and suffering casualties in the battle with the Blind Swordsman. Hong successfully disposes of the bandits and receives compensation from Feng. Feng notes that Hong is a man with integrity and will not stay in this profession for long.  Hong's wife appears at Feng's looking for her husband. Hong angrily ushers her away to return home; instead, she stands outside and waits for him. Hong tells Feng that he cannot take her along while he is getting his hands dirty fighting and killing for a living, and notes that every wuxia master he knows rides alone. Feng replies that there are always exceptions and tells Hong he once had a woman waiting for him but she ended up marrying his brother.  Hong accepts an egg from the Girl with a Mule and kills the imperial guards to exact revenge for her brother. During the battle he suffers serious injuries, including losing a finger, and is nursed back to health by his wife. While Hong is still in critical condition, the Girl with a Mule begs Feng to hire a doctor to tend to Hong. Feng refuses because a doctor visit is expensive and suggests again that she sells her body to raise money. A bedridden Hong relieves the Girl with a Mule from any responsibility to him by saying that she doesn't owe him anything since he has already accepted her egg as compensation.  Feng berates a bedridden Hong and asks if his injuries is worth an egg. Hong smiles back and says he is using his wuxia for good instead of greed and the cold and calculating Feng would never understands how good that feels. Feng leaves Hong's bedside speechless.  After Hong returns to health, he and his wife embark on their journey together and leave Feng. While watching them disappear over the horizon, Feng thinks of his own shattered love life and feels a great sense of jealousy.  Feng notes that Hong purposely heads north into the northerly wind. The caption narrates that Hong later becomes the leader of the Beggars Sect, becomes the Northern Beggar, and later engages in a fierce duel with Feng.

Act V – Ouyang Feng (Western Venom).

Feng pays a visit to the Blind Swordsman's hometown to see the cherry blossom and is surprised to learn that the place has no cherry blossom. Cherry Blossom turns out to be the name of the Blind Swordsman's wife, who breaks down crying after she learns from Feng that her husband has been killed in battle.  In a flashback, Feng tracks down his lover the day before she is to be married to his brother and offers to take her away with him. She steadfastly refuses, telling him that he is too late. Feng, not wanting to attend the marriage ceremony, leaves that night and never returns.  Feng receives a note from his family that his lover (now his sister-in-law) died almost two years ago. Feng figures that the wine "Druken Alive, Perish in Dreams" that Huang brought to him early in the film is a gift from her.  In a flashback, Huang is sitting and talking with Feng's lover in her beach-side hut. He narrates that he is in love with her but she only loves Feng. She sends him to visit Feng every year to gather his news for her; secretly, she hopes that he would reveal to Feng her whereabouts. After he tells her he will never disclose her location because he made a promise to her, she breaks down sobbing. She laments that she always thought she was the winner in love but she now realizes that she is the loser.  Huang narrates that he likes cherry blossom because he gets to see her every year during the season. She dies of illness soon after their last meeting and on her deathbed she gives Huang the "Drunken Alive, Perish in Dreams" to deliver to Feng.  In the present, Huang has lost a lot of his memory. One of the few things he remembers is that he likes cherry blossom and he proceeds to become a hermit, residing on an island filled with cherry blossom and acquiring the nickname Eastern Heretic.  Feng waits for Huang's visit even though deep down he knows Huang will not come now that she is gone. After two days of waiting, Feng drinks the remaining bottle of "Drunken Alive, Perish in Dreams"; bit instead of making him forget his past the wine makes his memory for her even stronger. He narrates that the more a person wants to forget, the more he remembers; and deciphers that coaxing him to drink the wine is her method to make him never forget her.  Feng burns down his dwelling and returns to his hometown. The caption says he later becomes the leader of his clan and acquires the nickname Western Venom.

Ending.

The film ends with brief appearances by the surviving main characters, and references scenes from the novel. It implies that the henchmen killed by Feng in the beginning of the film belong to the Beggars Sect lead by Hong. Hong sets a trap to corner Feng, but Feng is unfazed and smiles manically at Hong. Hong and Feng then engage in a battle. The film then pans to an older Feng in grey beard and hair, fighting and disposing of his enemies.

Soundtrack.

The music was composed by Frankie Chan and Roel A. García, and produced by Rock Records in Hong Kong and Taiwan. It was released in 1994. The redux version features additional cello solos by Yo-Yo Ma.

Reception.

Critical.

When the film opened in Hong Kong it received mixed reviews. Critics found it so elliptical that it was almost impossible to make out any semblance of a plot, something very rare in a wuxia film.  In "The New York Times", Lawrence Van Gelder also gave "Ashes of Time" a mixed review:  Note that this review contains a number of errors as regards the plot of the movie.

Box office.

"Ashes of Time" grossed HK$9,023,583 during its Hong Kong run.

Ashes of Time is a 1994 Hong Kong film written and directed by Wong Kar-wai, and inspired by characters from Jin Yong's novel "The Legend of the Condor Heroes".


Plot summary.

Son Hayes (Michael Shannon) wakes up and gets dressed, revealing that he has scars from a shotgun blast on his back. He meets his younger brothers, Boy (Douglas Ligon) and Kid (Barlow Jacobs), who live in a van and a tent respectively, saying that his wife Annie has left him over his gambling habit and inviting them to live in his house. Son and Kid earn meager livings at a fish farm, where workers take bets on how Son received his scars; Boy is an unsuccessful basketball coach at the local middle school. One night, while Son is researching his gambling system, the boys' estranged mother arrives to announce that their estranged father (from whom she has long been divorced) has just died.  The brothers crash the funeral, where their father's second family is mourning. Son delivers a scathing commentary on their father, especially for callously abandoning them to be raised by their hateful mother, while going off to lovingly raise a second set of sons meanwhile forgetting, for the most part, his first set of sons. In the process, Son nearly starts a brawl with his four half-brothers. The eldest half-brother, Mark (Travis Smith), vows revenge and starts a chain of violent confrontations. Meanwhile, Annie returns and tries to salvage her relationship with Son, but Son is unwilling to give up gambling. Kid plans on marrying his girlfriend, Cheryl, should he get an expected raise, but worries about providing for her and staying faithful. After Mark kills Boy's dog by leaving a poisonous snake in its water bowl, Kid attacks and kills Mark, but is himself severely injured in the fight and dies in the hospital. Son and Boy are unaware that Mark's brothers Stephen and John were involved in the fight until after Kid's funeral, when an acquaintance named Shampoo tells them. Son then goes to their mother, who is coldly indifferent to everything that is happening, to inform her that Kid has just died, while condemning her for raising her sons to be full of hate toward their half-brothers, before leaving her for the last time.  The confrontations between the remaining brothers escalate, with Son on one side and John and Stephen Hayes on the other side unwilling to let the matter rest, despite their brother Cleaman's attempts to stop the feud. Son and Boy invade their half-brothers' farm and attack Stephen, but are interrupted and hospitalized by the remaining family and other farm workers. Annie and Cheryl are left grieving and bewildered by the continued fighting. Boy purchases a shotgun and holds Cleaman at gunpoint, but hesitates after seeing the man's sons, and leaves. Boy expresses worry that Son will kill himself trying to protect him from the half-brothers. He recalls how Son received his scars while protecting him and Kid.  The second family arms themselves with shotguns on their farm, bracing for a shootout. Boy arrives at the farm unarmed and states that he is done fighting, offering a truce. The less combative half-brothers force Stephen to accept the truce, but he worries that Son will not hold to the agreement. Afterwards, Son awakens from his coma. Boy returns to Son, who recuperates from his injuries. The movie ends with the beginning of fall, with Cleaman seeing his youngest brother John off to college, Boy coaching again, and Son living at home with Annie and their son, Carter. The final scene of the movie shows Son and Boy enjoying a peaceful afternoon on the porch with Carter.

Critical reception.

"Shotgun Stories" has positive reviews, earning an 90% "Certified Fresh" rating at Rotten Tomatoes from 48 reviews, with an average rating of 7.29/10.  It appeared on several critics' top ten lists of the best films of 2008. Bill White of the "Seattle Post-Intelligencer" named it the best film of 2008, Philip Martin of the "Arkansas Democrat-Gazette" named it the 3rd best film of 2008, David Edelstein of "New York" magazine named it the 8th best film of 2008, and Roger Ebert of "Chicago Sun-Times" named it one of the best films of the year.

Shotgun Stories is a 2007 drama film about a feud between two sets of half-brothers following the death of their father in rural Arkansas. The film was written and directed by Jeff Nichols, and stars Michael Shannon, Barlow Jacobs, Michael Abbott Jr. and Glenda Pannell.


History.

The Homol'ovi cluster of archaeological sites includes seven separate pueblo ruins built by various prehistoric people, including ancestors of the Hopi people, between approximately 1260-1400 AD. This fertile area is on a floodplain of the Little Colorado River, and the inhabitants grew cotton, corn, beans, and squash.  The people of this period are called Hisat'sinom, which is the Hopi word for "long-ago people". They are often referred to as Anasazi, as the Navajo guides who helped nineteenth-century anthropologists and archaeologists called them. However, the word "Anasazi" is Navajo for "enemies of our ancestors", and the present-day Hopi population prefer to refer to them as the Hisat'sinom.  Four of the sites are listed on the National Register of Historic Places.

Exhibits and activities.

The visitor center displayed pottery sherds, baskets, and other artifacts, as well as offering an introduction to the human history of the park area. Information could also be found about the flora and fauna of the park, and there were books and authentic Hopi art work for sale.  Out of the seven Homolovi ruins, two were open to visitors. Homolovi II, the largest and most thoroughly excavated site, has a sidewalk and interpretive signs. It was occupied between 1330 and 1400 AD, and has about 1200 rooms. Archaeologists believe that the inhabitants were trading cotton for pottery with the inhabitants of the Hopi Mesas. This ruin also features three large rectangular plazas and about forty kivas (underground ceremonial chambers). There are also several clusters of pit-houses, occupied before 1260 AD, which appear as mere depressions in the earth. Petroglyphs may be seen along certain sections of a nearby trail (Tsu'vo).  Sunset, Arizona—one of a series of farming communities along the Little Colorado River in the late 1870s—was established by Lot Smith and his Mormon followers. Frequent floods forced the settlers to abandon Sunset in the early 1880s, and the community was eventually washed away. The cemetery, located on a small hill overlooking the river, survived and can be visited. Three of Lot Smith's children are among the cemetery population.  Hikers, mountain bikers, and horseback riders could use the of unshaded dirt roads in the park along with the trails leading to archaeological sites.

Wildlife.

A bird checklist, available at the visitor center, listed of over 100 species that can be found in the area. These include notable species such as hawks, golden eagles, killdeer, Gambel's quail, great blue herons, and red-shafted flickers. Many mammals can also be seen in the park, such as gray foxes, bobcats, badgers, prairie dogs, desert cottontails, jackrabbits, and porcupines. Reptiles found in the area include the Hopi rattlesnake, western king rattlesnake, horned lizards, common collared lizards, bull snakes, and desert spiny lizards.

Location and visitor information.

The entrance to the park is located on Arizona State Route 87, north of Exit 257 off of Interstate 40.

Homolovi State Park is a state park of Arizona, USA, preserving over 300 Ancestral Puebloan archaeological sites. Homolovi or Homol'ovi (the Hopi spelling of the word) is a Hopi word meaning "place of the little hills". The park is located just over a mile north of Winslow, Arizona, and features historical exhibits, interpretive programs, birdwatching, and hiking. There is a year-round campground, restrooms with showers and an RV dump station. The park was closed to visitors from February 22, 2010 to March 18, 2011 due to state budget cuts.


Economy.

The metropolitan area is a major hub for education and is home to many large companies; in particular in the sectors of food production, agriculture, renewable energy and green tech. Major companies include Vestas Wind Systems A/S and Arla Foods. Vestas is a Danish manufacturer, seller, installer, and servicer of wind turbines and the largest in the world of its kind; and Arla is a Swedish-Danish dairy cooperative with headquarters in Aarhus and is the largest producer of dairy products in Scandinavia and the seventh largest dairy company in the world, measured by turnover. Among cooperative dairy companies, Arla is the third largest in the world.  The primary harbour of the region is Aarhus harbour. It is the largest industrial harbour in Denmark and among largest in Northern Europe, only surpassed by the Swedish industrial harbour in Gothenburg in the Kattegat sea area. With modern facilities, it handles approximately 12 million tonnes of cargo (2006) per year and is therefore among the 100 biggest container ports in the world.  Greater Aarhus boasts a unique position in the global wind energy market. It is home to some of the world's biggest manufacturers of wind turbines and constitutes the world's most advanced knowledge center. An array of suppliers and subcontractors, covers the entire supply chain and the sector benefits from a solid political backing of wind energy on local, regional and national level. The wind business cluster here has a long legacy of cooperation between manufacturers, suppliers, scientific communities and public authorities. As a knowledge hub and gathering point for the wind industry, Aarhus is likely to play a vital role in developing the wind energy systems of the future:  · 87% of Denmark's combined turnover from wind energy is generated by businesses in the Greater Aarhus area  · 53% of Denmark's high-skill wind employees work in the Greater Aarhus area  · 57% of all top executives in the Danish wind industry work in the Greater Aarhus area  · 14,000 employees in the Danish wind industry work within Central Region Denmark – 11,000 of them within one hour drive from Aarhus.

Colleges and universities.

Notable universities and educational institutions within the area includes:

Infrastructure.

There are two primary commercial international airports serving the area: The area has several motorways but the European route E45 goes from the south to the north and is central to the area's growth.

Statistics.

The core area around Aarhus is the most populated area in East Jutland, and that area is much smaller in km2 - 6,182 km2 - (2386 sq. mi) and with a population of more than one million.  The figures below are for the core area centered on Aarhus and most populous area in the East Jutland metropolitan area as of 1 January 2016. The figures below are for the whole East Jutland metropolitan area as of 1 January 2016.

Subregions.

In the National Planning Report of 2013 (), the term East Jutland metropolitan area was replaced by the two subregions of East Jutland North () and the Triangle Region (). The municipalities of the two subregions cooperate as Business Region Aarhus and the Triangle Region.

Business Region Aarhus.

Business Region Aarhus is a partnership between the 12 municipalities of Favrskov, Hedensted, Horsens, Norddjurs, Odder, Randers, Samsø, Silkeborg, Skanderborg, Syddjurs, Viborg, and Aarhus, all in the Central Denmark Region. The partnership began in 1994, before the Danish municipal reform of 2007. The region originally formed the northernmost part of the East Jutland metropolitan area and Samsø Municipality, but since 24 February 2016, Viborg municipality was also included. The Aarhus area was classified in a 2005 ESPON (European Spatial Planning Observation Network) report as a Category 3 MEGA. MEGAs are Metropolitan European Growth Areas, of which the report identified 76 in Europe.  The term Greater Aarhus is used indistinctly in various contexts, but according to Aarhus Municipality it includes the 9 municipalities of Aarhus, Randers, Norddjurs, Syddjurs, Viborg, Silkeborg, Odder, Horsens and Samsø.

Triangle Region.

The Triangle Region is a partnership between the 7 municipalities of Billund, Fredericia, Haderslev, Kolding, Middelfart, Vejen and Vejle, all in the Southern Denmark Region. Vejle is the most populated town in the Triangle Region.

External links.

, from 2010-2016

East Jutland metropolitan area () is a potential metropolitan area in Jutland and Funen, Denmark. The National Planning Report of 2006 published by the Danish Environment Ministry argued that “East Jutland is developing into a coherent area with high population growth and division of labour between the cities in the urban band that extends from Kolding to Randers” and foresaw “the contours of a future million city”. The report recommended dialogue about future development between the state, the region and the municipalities.