Controls and parameters.

Noise gates have a "threshold" control to set the level at which the gate will open. More advanced noise gates have more features.  The "release" control is used to define the length of time the gate takes to change from open to fully closed. It is the fade-out duration. A fast release abruptly cuts off the sound, whereas a slower release smoothly attenuates the signal from open to closed, resulting in a slow fade-out. If the release time is too short, a click can be heard when the gate re-opens. Release is the second-most common control to find on a gate, after threshold.  The "attack" control is used to define the length of time the gate takes to change from closed to fully open. It is the fade-in duration.  The "hold" control is used to define the length of time the gate will stay fully open after the signal falls below the threshold, and before the release period is commenced. The hold control is often set to ensure the gate does not close during short pauses between words or sentences in a speech signal.  The "range" control is used to set the amount of attenuation to be applied to the signal when the gate is closed. Often there will be complete attenuation, that is no signal will pass when the gate is closed. In some circumstances, complete attenuation is not desired and the range can be changed.  Advanced gates have an external "sidechain". This is an additional input that allows the gate to be triggered by another audio signal. A variation of a sidechained noise gate used in electronic music production is a "trancegate" or just simply "gate", where the noise gate is not controlled by audio signal but a preprogrammed pattern, resulting in a precisely controlled chopping of a sustained sound.  Noise gates often implement hysteresis, that is, they have two thresholds: one to open the gate and another, set a few dB below, to close the gate. This means that once a signal has dropped below the close threshold, it has to rise to the open threshold for the gate to open, so that a signal that crosses over the close threshold regularly does not open the gate and cause chattering. A longer hold time also helps to avoid chattering, as described above.

Roles.

The basic function of a noise gate is to eliminate sounds below a given threshold. Noise gates are commonly used in the recording studio and sound reinforcement. Rock musicians may also use small portable "stompbox" units to control unwanted noise from their guitar amplification systems. Band-limited noise gates are also used to eliminate background noise from audio recordings by eliminating frequency bands that contain only static.

Audio noise reduction.

In audio post-processing, noise gating reduces steady noise sources such as rumble from LP records, hiss from audio tape, static from a radio or amplifier, and hum from a power system, without greatly affecting the source sound. An audio signal such as music or speech is broken up into many frequency bands by a collection of overlapping band-pass filters, and if the signal amplitude in any one band is lower than a preset threshold, then that band is eliminated from the final sound. This greatly reduces perceptible background noise because only the frequency components of the noise that are within the gated passbands survive.  The technique was implemented in real-time electronics in some audiophile record players as early as the 1980s, and is now commonly used in audio production post-processing, where software to Fourier transform the audio signal can yield a very detailed spectrum of the background noise. Common digital audio editing software packages such as CoolEdit and Audacity include easy-to-use digital noise gating code: the user selects a segment of audio that contains only static, and the amplitude levels in each frequency band are used to determine the threshold levels to be applied across the signal as a whole.  Noise gating works well when the static is steady and either narrowly confined in frequency (e.g. hum from AC power) or well below the main signal level (15 dB minimum is desirable). In cases where the signal merges with the background static (for example, the brushed drum sounds in the "Sun King" track on the Beatles album "Abbey Road") or is weak compared to the noise (as in very faint tape recordings, the noise gating can add artifacts that are more distracting than the original static.  In the context of a multi-microphone recording session, noise gating is employed to reduce the leakage of sound into a microphone from sources other than the one the microphone was intended for. One example involves the mic-ing up of a drumkit. In most multi-mic drum recordings, one microphone will be used to capture the snare drum sound and another to capture the kick drum sound. The snare microphone will output a signal composed of a high level snare signal and a lower level kick drum signal (due to the further distance of the kick drum from the snare microphone). If the threshold level of the noise gate is set correctly, a snare drum signal can be isolated. To fully isolate the snare drum signal, the release rate has to be quite fast, which can cause the tail end of the snare sound to be "chopped off". This can usually be remedied by the inclusion of one or more overhead microphones, which can act as a general "audio glue" for all the other gated sources.  Noise gates are useful when editing live recordings to remove background noise between passages or pieces of dialogue. However, care must be taken in setting the gates so they do not trigger due to spurious noise such as when people move chairs.  For vocal applications on stage, an optical microphone switch may be used. An infra-red sensor senses if somebody is in front of the microphone and switches on the microphone.

Recording usages.

A good example of time-controlled noise gating is the well-known "gated reverb" effect heard on the drums on the Phil Collins hit single "In the Air Tonight", created by engineer-producer Hugh Padgham, in which the powerful reverberation added to the drums is cut off by the noise gate after a few milliseconds, rather than being allowed to decay naturally. This can also be achieved by: sending the "dry" snare signal to the reverb (or other process) unit, inserting a noise gate on the path of the reverb signal and connecting the snare sound to the side chain of the gate unit. With the gate unit set to "external sidechain" (or "external key"), the gate will respond to the snare signal level and "cut off" when that has decayed below the threshold, not the reverberated sound.  It is a common production trick to use spurious combinations of side chain inputs to control longer, more sustained sounds. For example, a hi-hat signal can be used to control a sustained synthesized sound to produce a rhythmic melodic (or harmonic) signal which is perfectly in time with the hi-hat signal. A good example of this use of the device can be found on the Godley & Creme concept album "Consequences". The album's story required the creation of a number of special sound effects that would convey the impression of natural disasters.  For the "Fire" sequence, Godley and Creme used a noise gate, triggered by the sound of multitracked voices, that created the "voice" of a raging bushfire. During the recording of this segment, each time the voice signal began, it triggered the noise gate to open up another channel, which carried a pre-recorded loop of a crackling sound (created by overdubbing the sound of Bubble Wrap being popped in front of a microphone). The combined voices and crackling created an eerie and quite convincing "talking fire" effect.

Multi-latch gating.

The invention of a technique, called multi-latch gating by Jay Hodgson, common in classical music recordings for years, is often credited to producer Tony Visconti, whose use on David Bowie's "Heroes" may have been the first in rock. Visconti recorded Bowie's vocals in a large space using three microphones placed 9 inches (23 cm), 20 feet (6.1 m), and 50 feet (15.2 m) away, respectively. A different gate was applied to each microphone so that the farther microphone was triggered only when Bowie reached the appropriate volume, and each microphone was muted as the next one was triggered.  "Bowie's performance thus grows in intensity precisely as ever more ambience infuses his delivery until, by the final verse, he has to shout just to be heard...The more Bowie shouts to be heard, in fact, the further back in the mix Visconti's multi-latch system pushes his vocal tracks [dry audio being perceived as front and ambience pushing audio back in the mix], creating a stark metaphor for the situation of Bowie's doomed lovers shouting their love for one another over the Berlin wall".

Trance gating.

Envelope following (also called trance gating because of its prevalence in trance) is the use of a gate on a track additional to the one it attenuates, so called because the latter's amplitude profile will then match or closely follow that of the first. Envelope following may be used to create syncopated rhythms or to tighten sloppy performances. For example, a synth pad may play whole notes while keyed to a guitar or percussion part. Examples include DJ Nexus's "Journey into Trance" (1:11), Chic's "Everybody Dance", and Diana Ross's "Upside Down".

Sound reinforcement.

Noise gates play an important role in drum mic'ing in heavy metal shows. The drum and cymbal mic channels will typically have noise gates so that the mics will only be turned on when the specific drum or cymbal is being played. This dramatically reduces "bleeding" between the drum mics. This is used to reduce audio feedback triggered by other highly amplified sounds onstage.

A noise gate or gate is an electronic device or software that is used to control the volume of an audio signal. Comparable to a compressor, which attenuates signals "above" a threshold, such as loud attacks from the start of musical notes, noise gates attenuate signals that register "below" the threshold. However, noise gates attenuate signals by a fixed amount, known as the range. In its simplest form, a noise gate allows a main signal to pass through only when it is above a set threshold: the gate is "open". If the signal falls below the threshold, no signal is allowed to pass (or the signal is substantially attenuated): the gate is "closed". A noise gate is used when the level of the "signal" is above the level of the unwanted "noise". The threshold is set above the level of the "noise", and so when there is no main "signal", the gate is closed.


Early life and education.

Ryan Seacrest was born on December 24, 1974, in Atlanta, Georgia, the son of Constance Marie (née Zullinger), a homemaker, and Gary Lee Seacrest, a real estate lawyer. His father served as a Lieutenant in the US Army and his grandfather, Henry Gene Skeen, was a Major General in the US Army. His mother told the "Atlanta Journal-Constitution", "Instead of playing with G.I. Joes or Cowboys and Indians, Ryan would always have a little microphone and do shows in the house."  At age 14, he attended Dunwoody High School. At age 16, while still attending high school, Seacrest won an internship at 94.1 WSTR (FM), in Atlanta, with Tom Sullivan, who trained him in the many aspects of radio. When a regular DJ called in sick, Sullivan put him on the air for the very first show of his broadcasting career. Seacrest was given the weekend overnight shift at WSTR.  Seacrest continued to work on air at WSTR until graduating from Dunwoody High in 1992. Seacrest went on to study journalism at the University of Georgia in fall 1992. He continued his radio show at a local Athens station. Seacrest left the university at age 19 and moved to Hollywood to pursue his broadcasting career.  In May 2016, Seacrest was awarded an honorary Doctor of Humane Letters degree from the University of Georgia and gave the commencement speech at the graduation ceremony.

Career.

Television hosting.

In 1993, Seacrest hosted the first season of ESPN's "Radical Outdoor Challenge". He also hosted three kids' game shows, "Gladiators 2000" from 1994 to 1996 (a spinoff of the television show, "American Gladiators"), "Wild Animal Games" in 1995, and "Click" in 1997. Seacrest appeared as the host of the fictional game show "Lover's Lane" on "Beverly Hills, 90210" in "The Final Proof". In the fall and winter of 2000, Seacrest was the host of The "NBC Saturday Night Movie". During commercial breaks, he offered trivia on the film and a chance to win prizes by answering online on NBCi. In 2001, he hosted a reality television program, "Ultimate Revenge", where elaborate practical jokes were played on family and friends instigated by their own relatives and friends. It was shown on TNN from 2001 to 2003.

"American Idol".

In 2002, Seacrest accepted the position as co-host of a new Fox reality television series "American Idol" with comedian Brian Dunkleman. The following year, he became the sole host. When the show increased in popularity, seen by some 26 million viewers weekly, Seacrest became recognizable around the world. In 2003, Seacrest hosted the spin-off show, "American Juniors." In July 2009, Seacrest inked a deal with CKX for $45 million to continue to host "American Idol," making him the highest paid reality television host at that time. In April 2012, he signed a two-year, $30 million deal to stay on as host of "American Idol". In May 2014, "Deadline Hollywood" reported that Seacrest had signed a one-year deal with the option of another year. He remained host of the series until the end of its run in April 2016. The following May, it was announced that ABC had won a multi-network bidding war for the rights to the show. On July 20, 2017, Seacrest announced on "Live with Kelly & Ryan" that he would be the host of an "Idol" reboot. His initial multi-year deal was reported to be worth over $10 million.

"New Year's Rockin' Eve".

In August 2005, it was announced that Seacrest would become executive producer and co-host of ABC's "Dick Clark's New Year's Rockin' Eve". On December 31, 2005, Seacrest performed much of the show's hosting duties. Dick Clark's role was limited by speech and mobility issues due to his recovery from a stroke. Seacrest also occasionally served as a substitute host on the CNN television program "Larry King Live," and co-emceed Larry King's final show with Bill Maher on December 16, 2010.  In 2009, ABC renamed the program "Dick Clark's New Year's Rockin' Eve With Ryan Seacrest", to reflect Seacrest's role. The "40th Dick Clark’s New Year's Rockin’ Eve," co-hosted by Ryan Seacrest, delivered ABC's biggest New Years' numbers in twelve years, with 22.8 million viewers.  When Dick Clark died, Seacrest publicly remembered his mentor's impact on his life in a special tribute in "The Hollywood Reporter". After Clark's death, Seacrest hosted the 2013 edition of "Dick Clark's New Year's Rockin' Eve" with co-hosts Jenny McCarthy and Fergie paying tribute to Dick Clark in the pre-show. In October 2013, Seacrest signed a multi-year contract extension with Dick Clark Productions to continue as host and executive producer of "Dick Clark's New Year's Rockin' Eve". In 2017, Seacrest hosted "Dick Clark's New Year's Rockin' Eve" for the 13th consecutive year alongside Jenny McCarthy, who had co-hosted for eight years and brought in 25.6 million viewers, the highest in six years. The 2019-20 edition of "Rockin' Eve" marked Seacrest's 15th consecutive year as the host alongside Lucy Hale.

E! and NBC.

In January 2006, US cable channel E! announced a three-year, $21 million deal for Seacrest to host various programs, including "E! News" and its red carpet awards show coverages.  In April 2012, Seacrest signed a deal with NBCUniversal expanding his on-air role beyond E! to NBC. He contributed to the "Today Show," Olympics coverage, entertainment programming, as well as news and other special events. Seacrest will remain managing editor of "E! News" and host and produce its red carpet awards show coverage.  In September 2012, Seacrest left "E! News" and was replaced by Terrence J.  Seacrest was an NBC correspondent for the 2012 London Olympic Games and co-hosted the closing ceremony with Bob Costas and Al Michaels. In 2016, Seacrest hosted NBC's live late-night coverage for the Rio Olympic Games.

"Live with Kelly and Ryan".

After a year-long search, on May 1, 2017, it was announced that Seacrest would join Kelly Ripa as host of "Live with Kelly and Ryan" as her new permanent co-host and executive producer. Seacrest succeeded Michael Strahan, and started his duties on the day of the announcement. By December 2017, the show was averaging over 3 million viewers.

Other shows.

In 2013, Seacrest hosted "The Million Second Quiz", an interactive game show on NBC.  Seacrest hosted "Knock Knock Live" in 2015, which premiered on Fox. The show featured celebrities arriving at the door of ordinary people who've done something special and giving them a prize. However, the show was cancelled after two episodes.

Radio hosting.

In January 2004, Seacrest became the new host of the radio program "American Top 40," a syndicated weekly countdown show, created and formerly hosted by Casey Kasem. The show was syndicated by Premiere Radio Networks. In February 2004, Seacrest became host of Los Angeles radio station KIIS-FM's morning show, replacing long-time host Rick Dees. The show, "On Air With Ryan Seacrest," is broadcast live, from 6am to 10am Pacific Time, at ABC studios in New York.  In 2018, Seacrest was inducted into the Library of American Broadcasting Foundation's 16th Annual Giants of Broadcasting & Electronic Arts.

Television producing.

Seacrest's three-year hosting deal with E! included executive producing credits on various programs, including "E! News" and its red carpet awards show coverages. That same year, Seacrest launched Ryan Seacrest Productions (RSP); in August 2008, Seacrest named his longtime William Morris Agent, Adam Sher, as CEO. Comcast had first-look rights for all RSP shows through January 2012. Clear Channel acquired a minority stake in RSP in early 2012, but the company no longer has a first look deal with any network.  Seacrest remains managing editor of "E! News" and executive produces its red carpet awards show coverage but no longer hosts (since January 2012) "E! News" on a daily basis.  An Associated Press profile portrayed Seacrest as using both the deal with E! and "Dick Clark's New Year's Rockin' Eve" as springboards to a long-lasting career in television production and ownership.  Seacrest produces the hit series "Keeping Up with the Kardashians", the highest-rated show on the E! network, and the spin-offs "Khloe and Lamar," "Kourtney and Kim Take New York" and "Kourtney and Khloe Take Miami." RSP also produced the Emmy Award-winning ABC reality series "Jamie Oliver's Food Revolution." RSP also produced two new reality series in 2012 including "Melissa and Tye," which aired on CMT and "Shahs of Sunset" for Bravo. Bravo announced a second season of "Shahs of Sunset" on April 18, 2012. RSP's new show "Married to Jonas" premiered on August 19, 2012 on E! and was renewed for a second season.  On January 31, 2012, Thomas H. Lee Partners and Bain Capital announced they would invest up to $300M in Ryan Seacrest Media. A consortium headed by Seacrest (with partners AEG and CAA) agreed to rebrand Mark Cuban's HDNet television network as AXS TV.  In 2017, Seacrest signed a multi-year overall deal between Ryan Seacrest Productions and ABC Studios in which the company's scripted division would develop scripted projects for ABC Studios exclusively.  In 2018, Seacrest joined the Paley Center for Media's Board of Trustees.

Business ventures.

Seacrest was a principal investor in the Typo keyboard, which aimed at cloning the Blackberry physical keyboard for use with iPhone devices that launched in 2014. The Typo keyboard was discontinued in a 2015 patent settlement with Blackberry Ltd.

Fashion.

Seacrest worked with Burberry's Christopher Bailey who designed Seacrest's suits for red carpet events as well as New Year's Eve since 2009 and "American Idol" starting in 2010. Seacrest wore close-fitting suits and decided to make something similar for a wider audience at an "accessible" price point. With Bailey as his mentor, Seacrest developed his own collection, Ryan Seacrest Distinction, which launched in 2014. He formed an exclusive retail partnership with Macy's to sell the brand Distinction, consisting of suit separates, sports coats and evening wear manufactured by Peerless Clothing International. The line also includes accessories such as ties, pocket squares, belts, cufflinks and jewelry, which are manufactured by Randa Accessories. Seacrest works with Itochu for the production of dress shirts, as well as a sportswear collection released in September 2017.  Seacrest partnered with dermatologist Harold Lancer to produce the men's skincare line Polished. The line has five items, which are designed for easy use. Seacrest announced the line in August 2017 on "The Tonight Show Starring Jimmy Fallon".

Philanthropy.

In 2010, Seacrest launched the nonprofit Ryan Seacrest Foundation. The foundation has ten centers at Children's Healthcare of Atlanta, Children's Hospital of Orange County, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Children's National Medical Center, Levine Children's Hospital, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Children's Medical Center Dallas, Boston Children's Hospital and Children's Hospital Colorado. In April 2012, Seacrest named Selena Gomez as Ambassador to the Foundation. In February 2017, the foundation partnered with the Atlanta Braves to promote the non-profit at SunTrust Park. Seacrest did voice work for the Braves' "Welcome Home" broadcast media campaign.  Seacrest serves on the board of trustees of the Los Angeles County Museum of Art, and honorary co-chair of the GRAMMY Foundation board, which later merged with the GRAMMY Museum and became the GRAMMY Museum Foundation.

Personal life.

Seacrest had a two-year on-and-off relationship with model Sara Jean Underwood, which was revealed on "The Howard Stern Show" in 2009.  In April 2010, Seacrest began dating Julianne Hough, a professional dancer, actress, and singer known for participating in "Dancing with the Stars." On March 15, 2013, it was announced that their relationship had ended. They were dating for over two years before the split.  On May 14, 2016, he returned to the University of Georgia to give advice to alumni and received an honorary Doctor of Humane Letters degree.  Seacrest has been in a relationship with model Shayna Taylor since 2017.  On November 17, 2017, it was reported that Seacrest was under investigation for sexual harassment allegations by a former E! wardrobe stylist. Seacrest denied the allegations, and also said that "This person who has accused me of horrible things offered, on multiple occasions, to withdraw her claims if I paid her millions of dollars. I refused." On February 1, 2018, the Associated Press reported that the E! channel's investigation into the claims had closed and that there was insufficient evidence to support the claims.

Credits.

Radio.

Source

Ryan John Seacrest (born December 24, 1974) is an American radio personality, television host and producer. He is known for hosting the competition show "American Idol", the syndicated countdown program "American Top 40", and iHeartMedia's KIIS-FM morning radio show "On Air with Ryan Seacrest".


"Sabata".

Lee Van Cleef stars as a mostly silent, loner gunman who foils a plan by some leaders of a small Texas town to rob their own bank and sell the town to the railroad. William Berger co-stars as Banjo, an opposing gunman.

"Adiós, Sabata".

With Yul Brynner cast in the lead role, this film was originally going to be entitled "Indio Black", but the title was changed after the first "Sabata" film proved successful and had inspired many imitators. Lee Van Cleef, star of the first "Sabata" film, had been offered the role, but had to decline because he was committed to "The Magnificent Seven Ride" in the role of Chris Adams, which Brynner had made famous in "The Magnificent Seven". "Adiós, Sabata" is set in Mexico under the rule of Emperor Maximilian I, and Sabata is hired to steal a wagonload of gold from the Austrian army.

"Return of Sabata".

Lee Van Cleef returns to the role of Sabata, who goes to a small Texas town and seeks revenge on a robber baron, determined to steal back some money that the man has stolen from the towns people.

DVD release.

The Sabata Trilogy was released on DVD by MGM/UA in October 2005.

Other "Sabata" films.

As was common with successful Spaghetti Western franchises, such as the "Dollars Trilogy", "Django" or "Sartana" series', several other "Sabata" imitators were released. None of these are considered part of the "official" series. They include:

The Sabata Trilogy is a series of Spaghetti Western films released between 1969 and 1971, directed by Gianfranco Parolini, and starring Lee Van Cleef in the first, "Sabata", Yul Brynner in the second, "Adiós, Sabata", and Van Cleef returning for the third, "Return of Sabata".


Russian prince.

Prince Feodor Alexandrovich Romanov was born at the Winter Palace in St. Petersburg, Russian Empire on 23 December 1898. He was the second son and third child among seven siblings. Although a grandson of Emperor Alexander III through his mother, he was not entitled to the title Grand Duke of Russia because he was only a great-grandson of Emperor Nicholas I in the male line through his father. He spent his early years in Imperial Russia. Following family tradition, he began a military career. During World War I he entered the Corps of Pages.  At the fall of the Russian monarchy, he looked for refuge with his family in his father's property in Crimea. They lived there undisturbed until the rise to power of the Bolsheviks with the October Revolution in 1917. For some time, Prince Feodor was under house arrest in Ai-Todor and later at Dulber imprisoned with his parents, siblings, grandmother the Dowager Empress and many more Romanov relatives.  Prince Feodor, and his relatives in the Crimea, escaped the fate of a number of his Romanov cousins who were murdered by the Bolsheviks when they were freed by German troops in 1918. He left Russia on 11 April 1919 abroad the Royal Navy ship HMS Marlborough and moved to England and later to France.

Life in exile.

During his first years in exile, Prince Feodor lived in Paris in the apartment of his sister Princess Irina Alexandrovna of Russia and her husband Prince Felix Yusupov. He worked as a taxi driver, and later as an architect.  Prince Feodor married on 21 May 1923 in St. Alexander Nevsky Cathedral in Paris, Princess Irina Paley (1903–1990), his first cousin once removed. She was a daughter of Grand Duke Paul Alexandrovich of Russia and his morganatic wife Princess Olga Paley. The couple had one son:  Prince Feodor and his wife lived separated in 1930. Princess Irina began a relationship with Count Hubert de Monbrison (15 August 1892 – 14 April 1981) and had a daughter with him while still married to Prince Feodor, who recognized the child as his.  Prince Feodor Alexandrovich and Princess Irina divorced on 22 July 1936. He did not remarry and spent World War II in England at the home of his mother. By 1941 he was seriously ill with tuberculosis and had to stay for long periods in sanatoriums to recuperate. During the war years, he had sporadic contact with his son who remained in the south of France with Feodor's ex-wife. After the war ended, to improve his health and to stay closer to his son, Prince Feodor settled in the south of France at the villa of his sister Princess Irina Alexandrovna. He lived there for the rest of his life. With very limited income of his own and too ill to work, his ex-wife and his sister helped with the medical bills. Prince Feodor Alexandrovich died on 30 November 1968 in Ascain, France.

Prince Feodor Alexandrovich of Russia (23 December [O.S. 11 December] 1898 – 30 November 1968) was the second son and third child of Grand Duke Alexander Mikhailovich of Russia and Grand Duchess Xenia Alexandrovna of Russia. He was also a nephew of Nicholas II of Russia, the last Tsar.


Major regions.

Spain produces Albariño to a significant degree in the Rías Baixas DO, especially in the town of Cambados, Condado do Tea and in Barbanza e Iria. It is also common in the Vinho Verde region of Portugal, but it is only authorized to be grown in Monção and Melgaço. In other locations such as Ribeiro, Lima, Braga or Valdeorras it is often mixed with other grapes such as Loureiro, Godello, Caiño, Arinto or Treixadura to produce blended wines. Such blends were common throughout Galicia too until about 1985; when the Rías Baixas DO was established on an experimental basis in 1986, Albariño began to emerge as a variety, both locally and internationally. Its recent emergence as a variety led the wines to be "crafted for the palates of Europe, America and beyond and for wine drinkers who wanted clean flavors and rich, ripe fruit" and led to wines completely different from those produced across the river in Portugal.  Albariño is now produced in several California regions including the Santa Ynez Valley, Clarksburg, Napa, Edna Valley and Los Carneros AVAs. Albariño is also produced in Oregon, first by Abacela Winery in the Umpqua Valley AVA, and in Washington state.  In recent years Albariño attracted the attention of Australian winemakers, several of whom are now producing varietal wines. However, it has recently been discovered that grape growers and wine makers in Australia have been supplying and selling wrongly labelled Albarino for over a decade. They thought they were pouring money into the market for the Spanish grape, only to discover they were incorrectly sold cuttings of the French Savagnin grape instead.  A French expert visiting Australia raised questions in 2008, and DNA testing confirmed that the grapes are in fact French Savagnin. Almost all wine in Australia labelled as Albarino is Savagnin.

Wine characteristics.

The grape is noted for its distinctive botanical aroma with a citrous undertone, very similar to that of Viognier, Gewurztraminer, and Petit Manseng, suggesting apricot and peach. The wine produced is unusually light, and generally high in acidity with alcohol levels of 11.5–12.5%. Its thick skins and large number of pips can cause residual bitterness.

Viticulture.

For hundreds of years, Albariño vines could be found growing around the trunks of poplar trees and in bushes along the outside margins of a field. A practice which some growers still use in Portugal's Vinho Verde region. However, in the middle of the century, the growers made big investments and became professional grape growers. In Vinho Verde, the vines are typically trained on high pergolas, which encourages over-cropping, often leading to grapes that are unable to exceed more than 8.5% potential alcohol. When grown in a vineyard, the vines need to be wire trained with large canopies to accommodate the 30 to 40 buds per vine that is typical. The grape responds well to the heat and humidity though the high yields and bunching of clusters usually keeps the grapes within the margins of ripeness.

Synonyms.

Albariño is also known under the synonyms Albarina, Alvarin Blanco, Alvarinha, Alvarinho, Azal Blanco, Galego and Galeguinho.

Albariño () or Alvarinho () is a variety of white wine grape grown in Galicia (northwest Spain), Monção and Melgaço (northwest Portugal), where it is used to make varietal white wines. Albariño is the Galician name for the grape; in Portugal it is known as Alvarinho, and sometimes as Cainho Branco.


Early life.

Loustallot was a member of a Protestant family native to Guyenne, France. He was born into a wealthy bourgeois family, as the son of d'Elisee Loustallot, a lawyer in Saint-Jean-d'Angely, and Marie-Marguerite-Louise Caffin. The family traces it origins in Saint Jean d'Angely for nearly two centuries, where a number of Loustallot's ancestors served as prosecutors or lawyers in the Seneschal.  Loustallot studied the humanities in a college run by the Benedictines. In 1778, he studied philosophy and physics at Poitiers, where he defended a thesis in philosophy. In 1780, he attended law school for three years in Bordeaux. He graduated on February 5, 1783, becoming a lawyer in Saint Jean d'Angely, like his father. However, he left a year later for Bordeaux, settling into the city on January 22, 1784. Having attacked the Seneschal of his hometown, Loustallot was suspended for six months by the Parliament of Bordeaux. In early 1787, he moved to Paris, where he wrote anonymous pamphlets and translations.

"Revolutions of Paris".

Loustallot left Bourdeaux and arrived in Paris in 1787. The year 1788 marked the largest crop failure in France in the 18th century, exacerbating pre-existing tensions. During this time, Loustallot worked in the authorship and translation of pamphlets. On June 17, 1789, the Third Estate voted in the Hotel des Menus Plaisirs 490-90 to form the National Constituent Assembly. This act is taken to mark the political birth of the French Revolution. Shortly thereafter, J. L. Prudhomme founded and financed the "Revolutions of Paris", where Loustallot joined as the founding editor and a major author. Loustallot's "Revolutions of Paris" printed its inaugural issue on July 17, 1789, three days after the sans-culotte rebels succeeded in storming the Bastille. In its first fourteen months of publication, he personally wrote the first sixty issues of the newspaper. In 1790, with the recent lax in censorship laws and the tide of revolutionary sensationalism, Paris had 133 journals being published. The "Revolutions of Paris" was considered to be among the most distinguished and impartial of the lot.

Death and legacy.

Loustallot became seriously ill and frail in 1790. However, he still managed to publish his last issue of the "Revolutions of Paris" on September 4, 1790, two weeks before his death. His final work was a commentary on the Nancy mutiny. He died on September 19, 1790 at the age of 28. After learning of his death, the Jacobins sent Maximilien Robespierre and Louis Sébastien Mercier as representatives to his funeral. The Jacobin and Cordelier clubs mourned his death for three days.  Loustallot was the main contributor of the "Revolutions of Paris" up until his death. Prudhomme continued publishing the paper, with later writers Chaumette, Sylvain Maréchal, Fabre d'Eglantine, and Saintonax continuing on the journalistic standards of Loustallot. He is remembered as being a moderating voice against bloodshed, while passionately prescribing to republicanism in the early stages of Revolutionary France.

Elysée Loustallot (December 25, 1761 – September 19, 1790) was a French lawyer, journalist, and editor of the "Revolutions of Paris" during the French Revolution. He is remembered as one of the major Parisian opinion journalists during the era of the National Assembly and subsequent National Constituent Assembly. A fervent republican, his journalistic writings were anti-royalist in tone and bourgeois in sympathy. As a student trained in philosophy and the French Enlightenment, Loustallot is generally considered by historians to have been a principal proponent of revolution, while cautioning its readership against violence and ideological extremism. This is notably in contrast to the opinion journalism of Jean-Paul Marat's proletariat appeal to the sans-culottes. On the one hand, Loustallot writing articulates the need to reconcile the legitimacy of the Third Estate's call for less taxation and more civil rights, with the necessity of keeping in check the superstition, ignorance, and error of the Parisian masses underpinning the revolutionary fervor of the Third Estate. In particular, Loustallot wrote extensively on issues of social and economic justice, including the price of bread and the unaffordability of foodstuffs and basic staples. He died from illness at the age of 28.


Gameplay.

"Marvel Super Heroes vs. Street Fighter" is the second installment in the "Marvel vs. Capcom" series of 2D fighting games. It utilizes the same one-on-one tag team format previously employed in "X-Men vs. Street Fighter". The player chooses a team of two fighters, each sporting their own life gauge; at the start of the match, the first selected character is controlled by the player, while the second character remains off-screen and acts as support. Using a combination of joystick movements and button presses, the player must execute various moves to deplete the opposing team's life gauges. The first player to completely drain the opponent's health is declared the winner. If the timer reaches zero, the player that possesses the most health wins.  The most notable gameplay change in "Marvel Super Heroes vs. Street Fighter" is the addition of the "Variable Assist". With the Variable Assist, the player can summon their off-screen character to perform a special move without changing their currently-controlled character, opening new possibilities for combos during battle and greatly expanding the role of the secondary character. The ability to use assists would later become a signature gameplay element used in several future installments of the "Marvel vs. Capcom" series.

Modes.

The arcade, Sega Saturn, and PlayStation versions of "Marvel Super Heroes vs. Street Fighter" share Arcade Mode and Versus Mode. In Arcade Mode, the player fights waves of artificial intelligence-controlled teams, culminating in a penultimate battle against the boss character, Apocalypse, who previously appeared in "X-Men vs. Street Fighter". Upon defeating Apocalypse, the player must win against the final boss character, Cyber-Akuma. The PlayStation version includes three exclusive game modes: Training, Hero Battle, and Cross Over. Hero Battle is an endurance mode which pits the player against the characters that they did not select. In Cross Over, the player and the computer opponent fight with the same team of characters; if the player is victorious, then the computer swaps one character from both teams. The PlayStation port also features a Gallery Mode containing promotional and character artwork, which are unlocked by completing various goals.

Playable characters.

"Marvel Super Heroes vs. Street Fighter" features a roster of 17 playable fighters, with nine characters from the "Street Fighter" universe and eight heroes from the Marvel Universe. All of the "X-Men" characters featured in "X-Men vs. Street Fighter", with the exception of Cyclops and Wolverine, are replaced with characters from other Marvel Comics properties, such as Captain America, Spider-Man, and the Hulk. Most of the "Street Fighter" characters from the previous game return, with the exception of Cammy and Charlie (although Charlie is actually still in the game as a palette swapped secret character named "Shadow"), who are replaced by Dan and Sakura. The Japanese arcade and console versions of "Marvel Super Heroes vs. Street Fighter" include an exclusive character named Norimaro (). Norimaro is an original character created and owned by Japanese comedian Noritake Kinashi, who represents neither Marvel nor Capcom. Due to licensing issues involving the character, Norimaro is not available in international releases of the game. In addition to the 17 immediately playable characters, the roster also contains six secret characters. The secret characters are palette swaps of existing fighters with different moveset properties, such as "Dark Sakura" and "Mecha Zangief"; Captain America's and Blackheart's palette swaps are renamed "U.S. Agent" and "Mephisto", respectively.

Development and release.

As with "X-Men vs. Street Fighter", "Marvel Super Heroes vs. Street Fighter" was initially developed for the CP System II arcade system board. The game debuted in Japanese and North American arcades in 1997. The game received a port to the Sega Saturn, exclusive to Japan, on October 22, 1998. The Sega Saturn port supported the 4MB RAM expansion peripheral, allowing the developers to create a conversion which retained the original frame rates and tag team system. The game was then ported to the PlayStation in February 1999. Due to the console's limited RAM capacity, the tag team format was switched to the more traditional round format used in other fighting game series, such as "Street Fighter". To compensate for the removal of tag team gameplay, several new game modes, such as Hero Battle and Cross Over, were implemented.  According to former Capcom USA community manager and fighting game advisor Seth Killian, one of the primary goals for "Marvel Super Heroes vs. Street Fighter" was to "tone down the insanity" that occurred onscreen when compared to "X-Men vs. Street Fighter". The developers also sought to achieve balance within the character roster; the previous title had gained a reputation for being "broken", with characters having access to one or more infinite combos. These changes, however, were met with negative reception from fans, who criticized the game for offering less freedom. This ultimately led to Capcom recognizing the theme of insanity as the hallmark of the series and using it as a focus for future "Marvel vs. Capcom" installments.  In June 2020, it was announced that "Marvel Super Heroes vs. Street Fighter" would be included in a home arcade cabinet from Arcade1Up alongside other games like "X-Men vs. Street Fighter" and "".

Reception.

The Sega Saturn version of "Marvel Super Heroes vs. Street Fighter" received "favorable" reviews, while the PlayStation version received "average" reviews, according to the review aggregation website GameRankings. Jeff Gerstmann of GameSpot praised the Sega Saturn port for its gameplay, character roster, graphics, sprite animations, and additional RAM support, labeling it an "arcade-perfect conversion". However, Gerstmann faulted the game for being a "near-carbon copy" of "X-Men vs. Street Fighter". While the PlayStation port also received praise for its gameplay and character roster, it attracted numerous criticisms, many of which stemmed from issues related to the console's memory restrictions. GameSpot, IGN, and Game Revolution all reprimanded the game for removing the original version's tag team-based gameplay. Randy Nelson of IGN stated that the lack of tag team fights negated one of the major elements that made Capcom's "Vs." series stand apart, resulting in a game that was "nothing truly special or different". Ryan MacDonald of GameSpot expressed disappointment over the port's lower graphical quality and cut animation frames. "Game Informer" also complained about experiencing instances of slowdown. However, despite the criticisms, reviewers claimed the game as an improvement over the critically panned PlayStation port of "X-Men vs. Street Fighter".

Sequel.

A sequel to "Marvel Super Heroes vs. Street Fighter", titled "Marvel vs. Capcom: Clash of Super Heroes", was released for arcades in Japan and North America in 1998. The game expands its character roster beyond the "Street Fighter" series to include other Capcom video game franchises, such as "Darkstalkers" and "Mega Man". While its gameplay remains similar, "Clash of Super Heroes" removes the "Variable Assist" feature in favor of a new system. It was ported to the Dreamcast and PlayStation in 1999 and 2000 respectively. A high-definition version of the game was also released in 2012 for the PlayStation 3 and Xbox 360 as part of the "Marvel vs. Capcom Origins" compilation.

The gameplay and aesthetics of "Marvel Super Heroes vs. Street Fighter" remain similar to "X-Men vs. Street Fighter". Each player selects two characters to compete in a one-on-one tag team fight, attempting to defeat the opposing team. The game replaces most of the "X-Men" cast from the previous installment with characters from other Marvel properties. In addition, it introduces a new gameplay mechanic known as the "Variable Assist", which would be used in future "Marvel vs. Capcom" titles.


Early years.

Baron Jean-Jacques Baude was born in Valence, Drôme on 19 February 1792, where his father was Attorney General. He started work in his father's office in the prefecture of Tarn. Towards the end of the reign of Napoleon he joined the administration. He was appointed in turn sub-prefect of Confolens on 8 April 1813, sub-prefect of Roanne on 2 November 1814 and sub-prefect of Saint-Étienne on 4 June 1815. Baude recognized Louis XVIII of France in the first restoration, but on the return of Napoleon placed himself at the head of the guards who opposed the advance of the Duke of Angoulême on Lyon.  After the battle of Waterloo he resigned and published "Le Lundi gras et le mercredi des Cenres" (Fat Monday and Ash Wednesday), which was condemned by the royal court of Grenoble. He then became involved in financing public works. He wrote a remarkable work on "Navigation de la Loire au-dessur de Briare" in 1826. He continued to attack the government in the liberal press. As editor of "Le Temps" he signed the protest of journalists against the ordinances of King Charles X of France.

July Monarchy.

The July Revolution, which brought his political friends to power, at first gave Baude an important place in the Orléanist party. He was named Secretary of the Municipal Commission of Paris on 29 July 1830. On 1 August 1830 he was named Secretary General of the Ministry of the Interior, and for a few days was acting Minister until François Guizot took the portfolio on 11 August 1830. He was then general director of bridges and roads, and of mines, and Councillor of State. On 28 October 1830 he was elected a Deputy for the department of the Loire. On 10 November, when the Count of Montalivet succeeded Guizot, Baude was appointed Under-Secretary of State for the Interior. On 26 December 1830 he replaced Treilhard at the Prefecture of Police, and remained in charge until 25 February 1831.  On 14 February 1831, the anniversary of the death of Charles Ferdinand, Duke of Berry, Baude had to deal with disturbance that were suppressed by the National Guard. This led to questions in the Assembly and he was replaced. On 15 March 1831 Baude presented a proposal supported by the president of the council, Casimir Périer, that was adopted, to ban king Charles X of France, his descendants and allies of his descendants in perpetuity from French territory. This was adopted after discussions and amendments.  Baude failed to be reelected on 5 July 1831. On 1 March 1832 he was elected for Roanne. He generally voted for the majority. He was reelected on 21 June 1834, on 4 November 1837 and on 9 July 1842. He failed to be reelected on 1 August 1846, which ended his career in the Assembly. After returning to private life he authored various papers on the navigation of the Loire, the Isthmus of Suez, Algeria, and the Channel coast (1859). He died in Paris on 6 February 1862.

Publications.

Publications included:

References.

Citations  Sources

Jean-Jacques Baude (19 February 1792 - 6 February 1862) was a French administrator and politician. He was a deputy from 1830 to 1839, and again from 1842 to 1846.


New features.

International Challenge Mode.

"PES6" marks the first time the International Challenge Mode has been included on the PES Series. Usually this is seen on the Japanese version — "Winning Eleven" — where you play as Japan and take them through the qualifiers of the International Cup and then attempt to win it. In "PES6", however, you have the ability to choose any playable nation on the game. The user can only play the qualifiers from Europe, North/Central America or South America. Asia. Africa. Oceania. Although the tournament is not licensed, the qualifiers have a lot of similarities to the FIFA World Cup qualification process:  The International Challenge mode is only available in the PlayStation 2 and PC versions of "PES6". The Xbox 360 and PSP versions do not include this mode.

Game Modes.

Random Selection Match.

Also new to "PES6" is the Random Selection Match. In this mode, the user can pick up to either four clubs/nations or one region/league. Once selected, the computer picks a random selection of players from the teams or region for the player's squad. The lineup is selected automatically, although players can choose to let the computer to pick another random selection. This was not included in the PSP and Xbox 360 version, presumably because of time restrictions.

Network.

Groups have been introduced on the PES Network. A player can join/create a group that can gain points by playing together. Groups can play each other in rival matches. If a player creates a group, they manage who's in and who's out, the team name, and who else can allow others to join and matches. A player can join a group by applying to join or accepting an invitation from another player. If the leader accepts, they are in the group. Only ten are allowed in one group at first, but there can potentially be 30 in a group at one time. Groups can reach levels with the highest level to progress to is Level 14. When you achieve higher levels, you will unlock different costumes (penguin, dinosaur, and ostrich) and classic national teams. Also, you can achieve extra member spaces in your group when you go up in level.  The Network capabilities have since been relinquished.

Licenses.

Ligue 1 were licensed for the first time in series. Game included also several fully licensed national teams that participated in 2006 FIFA World Cup.

Platform differences.

Though the Xbox 360 version lacks dressing, it is the only version with a fully analogue Manual Pass feature, as well as much more sophisticated ball physics compared to the PS2 version and can therefore be argued to be the ultimate version in terms of gameplay as well as an online community that continues to have matches available all of the time. Even to this very day several years after the release of Pro Evolution Soccer 2008 and onward, Pro Evolution Soccer 6 marks the point where the series underwent significant changes to the gameplay that remain in the series to this day.

Reception.

The PlayStation 2 version of "Pro Evolution Soccer 6" received a "Double Platinum" sales award from the Entertainment and Leisure Software Publishers Association (ELSPA), indicating sales of at least 600,000 copies in the United Kingdom. ELSPA gave the game's Xbox 360 release a "Platinum" certification, for sales of at least 300,000 copies in the region.  The game was met with positive to mixed reception. For the U.S. port, GameRankings and Metacritic gave it a score of 86.31% and 86 out of 100 for the PlayStation 2 version; 85.80% for the PC version; 81.36% and 82 out of 100 for the PSP version; 79.13% and 80 out of 100 for the Xbox 360 version; and 64% and 64 out of 100 for the DS version. For the European port, Metacritic gave it a score of 89 out of 100 for the PS2 version; 88 out of 100 for the PC version; 81 out of 100 for the PSP version; 79 out of 100 for the X360 version; and 63 out of 100 for the DS version.  The PS2 version got a perfect 10/10 score in "Official UK PlayStation 2 Magazine", which beat "FIFA 07" (9/10 in the same magazine). However, the PSP version of the game ranked beneath the "FIFA 07" PSP version due to slow loading times and an incomplete editor. "Hyper"'s Eliot Fish commended the game for its "tighter dribbling [and] refined Master League" but criticised it for its commentary.  "The Times" gave the PS2, PC, and X360 versions a score of all five stars and stated that "you can make a sliding tackle and come up with the ball, and the AI has been greatly improved. The passing and shooting have been made harder to master and the players’ movement off the ball is better." In "The Sydney Morning Herald", Fish gave the X360 version a score of four-and-a-half stars out of five and stated, "Owners of an Xbox 360 have a right to feel a little miffed that their version isn't identical to the PS2 but "Pro Evo 6" is still top of the table." However, George Mathis of "Detroit Free Press" gave the same version a score of three stars out of four and said, "Unlike the PS2 version, team and player names cannot be changed. This is a problem because many of the world's most famous teams and players are not licensed, meaning you'll be stuck playing generic teams such as the London Soccer Club."

Pro Evolution Soccer 6 (also known as World Soccer: Winning Eleven 10 for PS2, World Soccer: Winning Eleven 10 Ubiquitous Edition for PSP, World Soccer: Winning Eleven DS for DS and World Soccer: Winning Eleven X for Xbox 360 in Japan and South Korea, and Winning Eleven: Pro Evolution Soccer 2007 in the United States) is a video game developed and published by Konami. Released in 2006 for the PlayStation 2, Xbox 360, and Microsoft Windows platforms and following on the Nintendo DS and PlayStation Portable afterward, "Pro Evolution Soccer 6" is the 6th edition of the "Pro Evolution Soccer" series for the PlayStation 2, 2nd for the PlayStation Portable and 4th for Microsoft Windows. It is the first game to debut on the Nintendo DS and the Xbox 360. The Xbox 360 version features improved graphics, but retains gameplay similar to the other console versions. The edit mode has been stripped down for the Xbox 360 release, due to time restrictions. The graphics engine on the PC does not utilise the next-gen 360 engine but will again be a direct conversion of the PlayStation 2 engine.


Devotion to the Divine Mercy.

Faustina Kowalska, a Polish nun, reported visions and visitations from Jesus and conversations with him. He asked her to paint the vision of his merciful divinity being poured from his Sacred Heart and specifically asked for a feast of Divine Mercy to be established on the first Sunday after Easter Sunday, so that mankind would take refuge in him:  In several entries in, Kowalska reported promises of grace and mercy associated to the Feast of Divine Mercy on Mercy Sunday:  On March 23, 1937, Kowalska wrote in her diary (Notebook III, item 1044) that she had a vision that the feast of Divine Mercy would be celebrated in her local chapel, and would be attended by large crowds, and that the same celebration would be held in Rome attended by the pope. She wrote: "The crowd was so enormous that the eye could not take it all in. Everyone was participating in the celebrations."  Divine Mercy Sunday is also the day after the culmination of the novena of the Chaplet of Divine Mercy. Kowalska wrote Jesus instructed her that the Feast of Mercy (the Sunday after Easter) be preceded by a Divine Mercy Novena which would begin on Good Friday.  The first Mass during which the Divine Mercy image was displayed was on April 28, 1935 (the Feast of Divine Mercy), the second Sunday of Easter, and was attended by Kowalska. (Diary of St. Faustina, item 420). April 28, 1935 was also the celebration of the end of the "Jubilee of the Redemption" by Pope Pius XI. Michael Sopocko (Kowalska's confessor) celebrated the Mass that Sunday and obtained permission to place the image within the Gate of Dawn church in Vilnius during the Mass.

Vatican approval.

The devotion was actively promoted by Pope John Paul II. On April 30, 2000, the Canonization of Faustina Kowalska took place and the second Sunday of Easter was officially designated as the Sunday of the Divine Mercy (Dominica II Paschae seu de divina misericordia) in the General Roman Calendar. On April 22, 2001, which was one year after establishing Divine Mercy Sunday, Pope John Paul II re-emphasized its message in the resurrection context of Easter: Jesus said to St. Faustyna one day: "Humanity will never find peace until it turns with trust to Divine Mercy". Divine Mercy! This is the Easter gift that the Church receives from the risen Christ and offers to humanity. The devotion to Divine Mercy Sunday grew rapidly after its designation by Pope John Paul II and is now widely celebrated by Catholics. The "Divine Mercy image" is often carried in processions on Divine Mercy Sunday, and is placed in a location in the church so that it can be venerated by those who attended the Mass.  The liturgical celebration of Divine Mercy Sunday reflects the devotional elements of Divine Mercy – the first prayer of that Mass beginning with:  Heavenly Father and God of Mercy, We no longer look for Jesus among the dead, for He is alive and has become the Lord of Life. This opening prayer refers to divine mercy as the key element in the plan of God for salvation and emphasizes the belief that it was through mercy that God gave his only son for the redemption of mankind, after the fall of Adam.  John Paul II, who died in April 2005 on the vigil of Divine Mercy Sunday, was himself beatified on Divine Mercy Sunday, May 1, 2011, by his successor, Pope Benedict XVI, and was canonized together with Pope John XXIII on Divine Mercy Sunday, April 27, 2014, by Pope Francis.

Plenary indulgence.

In June 2002, John Paul II granted indulgences to Catholics who recite specific prayers on that day, and the grants were then formally decreed by the Apostolic Penitentiary. Priests are encouraged on that day to lead the prayers in honor of Divine Mercy, inform the parishioners about the Divine Mercy, and hear confessions.

Conditions.

The plenary indulgence is obtained by observing the usual dispositions that are in place for the granting of this grace through the intercession of the Catholic Church:  Additionally, the faithful who, for a justified reason beyond their control, are unable to go to a church or chapel may obtain an indulgence with the recitation of the Our Father and Creed before an image of Jesus, adding the prayer "Merciful Jesus, I trust in you", with the conditions of detachment of sin, and intention to fulfill the dispositions above as soon as possible.  If even this is impossible to achieve, the indulgence can obtained by the faithful if they "united with those carrying out the prescribed practice for obtaining the indulgence in the usual way", and offer to Jesus a prayer and their sufferings, again with the resolution of fulfilling the normal conditions at the earliest opportunity

Divine Mercy Sunday (also known as the Feast of the Divine Mercy) is celebrated on the second Sunday of Easter, the Octave Day of Easter. The feast day is observed by Roman Catholics as well as some Anglicans. It is originally based on the Catholic devotion to the Divine Mercy that Faustina Kowalska reported as part of her encounter with Jesus, and is associated with special promises from Jesus and indulgences issued by the Catholic Church.


History.

Early years.

In 2003, three Waikato businessmen, Michael Redman, Dallas Fisher and Keith Ward, were persuaded to start the Breakers franchise.  After a 111–110 victory over the Adelaide 36ers in the first ever regular season match, the Breakers went on to lose ten of their next eleven games to languish near the bottom of the NBL ladder. The inaugural coach, Jeff Green, was subsequently fired and succeeded by Frank Arsego, who was initially an assistant coach. The addition of Mike Chappell breathed new life into the Breakers season. After languishing with a 2–10 record, the Breakers experienced a mid-season resurgence, capped off by a five-match winning streak towards the end of the season which gave them a realistic shot of qualifying for the playoffs. Needing to win both of their final games in the final week of the regular season to claim a playoff berth, the Breakers lost both to finished 10th with a 12–21 record.  In 2004–05, the Breakers finished in last place in the eleven-team league with a 9–23 record. In the 2005 off-season, the Breakers appointed Andrej Lemanis as coach and signed import Rich Melzer. Lemanis' first season in charge was not particularly memorable, with the Breakers finishing the regular season in tenth place out of 11 teams, once again with a 9–23 record. During the season, the Breakers endured a team-worst eleven straight losses. However, Melzer and centre Ben Pepper turned the season around as steady contributions from import Brian Green and Kiwi Aaron Olson helped the Breakers split their final twelve games of the season.  The Breakers struggled in the 2006–07 season, finishing with an 11–22 record after a ten-game losing streak halted the Breakers chances of qualifying for the playoffs. American import Carlos Powell was a bright spot on the season, averaging a league-high 28.2 points per game. His 50-point haul against the Melbourne Tigers was the best individual points haul of the season and he also claimed the Slam Dunk crown at the NBL All-Star weekend. He also snared two NBL Player of the Month Awards and was in the running for league MVP honors with Sam Mackinnon (winner) and Martin Cattalini.  With Kirk Penney on board for the 2007–08 season, the Breakers looked to make the playoffs for the first time. Despite season-ending injuries to imports Rick Rickert and Wayne Turner, their replacements Derrick Alston and Orien Greene helped the Breakers seal their maiden NBL playoff berth with a 16–14 record. In their first playoff match, they defeated the Cairns Taipans in Cairns 100–78 to set up another elimination final against the defending champion Brisbane Bullets. However, this proved a bridge too far for the Breakers, defeated in Brisbane to bring the curtain down on their season.  Prior to the 2008–09 season, the collapse of the Brisbane Bullets saw the Breakers nab C. J. Bruton and Dillon Boucher. The Breakers started the 2008–09 season with a roar, sitting atop the NBL ladder with a 15–4 record heading into 2009. Bruton and Penney were a dominant backcourt duo, however, after Bruton suffered a high ankle sprain in late December, the Breakers stumbled through January to lose eight of their next nine games. After a successful last week of the regular season, the Breakers finished with an 18–12 record, setting the team up with their first ever home playoff game. The Breakers went on to win their elimination playoff, routing the Adelaide 36ers 131–101 to set up a best-of-three semi-final series with the defending champion Melbourne Tigers. In their first ever semi-finals appearance, the Breakers were beaten 2–0.  The Breakers were dealt a blow early on in the 2009–10 season with Penney suffering a back injury that sidelined him for nine games. The mid-season addition of import Kevin Braswell sparked a late-season flurry, with the Breakers winning their last six matches to finish with a 15–13 record. But the late-season winning run proved to be in vain, as the Breakers missed the playoffs despite finishing just two wins off minor premiers and eventual champions, the Perth Wildcats.

Championship dynasty.

Three-peat (2010–2013).

In 2010, the Breakers re-added Mika Vukona to their ranks, whilst adding former Utah State standout Gary Wilkinson to the mix alongside the returning Kevin Braswell. However, Penney was missing during pre-season and early on the regular season as he attempted to re-enter the NBA. The Breakers won their first five games of the season before losing 114–74 to the Wildcats in Perth. The Breakers finished the regular season with a 22–6 record, qualifying for the playoffs as the first seed. In the semi-finals, the Breakers lost Game 1 to the Perth Wildcats at home, before recovering to win the series 2–1, qualifying for their first ever NBL Grand Final. The Breakers met the Cairns Taipans in the championship round and coasted to an 85–67 win in Game 1 after leading by as much as 31 in the third-quarter. The teams then fought out a gripping Game 2 in Cairns. Tied 60–60 at the end of regulation and 73–73 at the end of the first overtime, it was Cairns who prevailed 85–81 to send the series to a third and deciding game. Back at home for Game 3 on 29 April 2011, the Breakers recorded a comfortable 71–53 win to claim their maiden NBL Championship, becoming the first New Zealand side to win a major Australian championship.  With Penney departing in 2011, the Breakers signed former NBA player Cedric Jackson and picked up Daryl Corletto for the 2011–12 season. Behind the likes of Jackson, Wilkinson, Abercrombie, Vukona, Bruton and Corletto, the Breakers clinched the minor premiership for the second year in a row with a 21–7 record and reached their second consecutive NBL Grand Final, where they faced the Perth Wildcats. They went on to clinch back-to-back titles with a 79–73 win in Game 3 of the championship round.  The 2012 off-season saw the departure of Gary Wilkinson and the elevation of promising New Zealand centre Alex Pledger to the starting line-up, while guard Corey Webster returned to the squad after a 12-month ban for the use of banned substances. In February 2013, the Breakers extend their club-best winning streak to 11, a record that by mid-March had been extended to fifteen straight games and coincided with the Breakers winning their third straight minor premiership. The Breakers completed an historic title three-peat in the NBL in April, making a clean sweep of the post-season with a dramatic 70–66 victory over the Wildcats in Game 2 of the 2013 NBL Grand Final series.

Fall from grace (2013–14).

With Lemanis' departure following the 2012–13 season, Dean Vickerman was appointed coach of the Breakers for the 2013–14 season. Further losses in 2013 included Cedric Jackson's departure and Dillon Boucher's retirement. The Breakers moved quickly to make changes to their roster after a start to the season that saw them win one and lose three games, announcing the return of club favourite and two-time championship winner Gary Wilkinson in late October. By January, the Breakers brought in Casey Frank to replace the injured Alex Pledger, who had multiple stints on the sidelines in 2013–14.  American guard Kerron Johnson struggled to fill the large gap left by Jackson, and Thomas Abercrombie had to shoulder the load for much of the season, finding himself with a lack of space due to Johnson's lack-luster range. After not being able to put more than two consecutive wins together all year, they ended their season in seventh place with an 11–17 record.

Fourth championship (2014–15).

With the return of Cedric Jackson and the signing of Ekene Ibekwe came the turn around the Breakers needed following the 2013–14 season. Following an impressive showing at the NBL Pre-season Blitz, the Breakers went on to fight for top spot all season alongside Perth and Cairns as they eventually finished second with a record of 19–9. With third place falling to the Adelaide 36ers (who won the final 10 regular season games and came into the playoffs as the hottest team), the Breakers faced off against them in a best-of-three semi-final series. Despite the 36ers' form, the Breakers easily handled them in Game 1 as they won 111–82 in convincing fashion at Vector Arena. Game 2 then moved to Adelaide where they again had the upper hand the entire game, defeating the 36ers 94–83 to book themselves a place in the 2015 NBL Grand Final. Despite their opponent, the Cairns Taipans, holding home court advantage, the Breakers easily took Game 1 in Cairns with an 86–71 win led by Jackson's 22 points. Game 2 then shifted to Auckland, where after a tight contest the entire game, Taipans guard Scottie Wilbekin tied the game with two free throws with 1.2 seconds left in regulation. Coming out of a timeout, Ibekwe caught an inbounds pass, turned and hit a game-winning fade-away shot to lift the Breakers over the Taipans 83–81 to clinch the team's fourth title in five seasons. Jackson was subsequently named Grand Final MVP for the second time in his career after adding to his 22 points in Game 1 with 15 points in Game 2.

Fifth grand final in six years (2015–16).

The Breakers retained every player from their 2014–15 championship-winning roster minus Ekene Ibekwe and Rhys Carter. To replace the pair, the club picked up Australian point guard Shane McDonald and rookie American big man Charles Jackson. The Breakers' pre-season preparation was rocked in September with the departure of Webster and an injury to Abercrombie. Webster left the team to chase his NBA dream with the New Orleans Pelicans, while Abercrombie was forced to the sidelines to nurse a nagging hamstring strain. Big man Alex Pledger was also another notable absentee from pre-season training as he recovered from off-season foot surgery. To counter their losses, the team signed Everard Bartlett and elevated development players Shea Ili and Tai Wynyard, as the Breakers brought an undermanned side to the 2015 NBL Pre-season Blitz.  The Breakers were handed a shock loss in their season opener, going down 90–71 to the Adelaide 36ers in Adelaide. At half-time, the score was 51–26 in the 36ers favour. 26 points marked the second lowest first-half score in the team's history, and the second biggest half-time deficit. Still without Webster, Abercrombie and Pledger, the Breakers had limited scoring options, with the highest scorer being Cedric Jackson with 14 points. After winning their second game of the season against the Townsville Crocodiles 89–81 at home, their following game should have been a celebration of Cedric Jackson's fantastic career with his 100th NBL game being played at the WIN Entertainment Centre against the Illawarra Hawks. However, the Breakers were blown out 96–75 thanks to former club champion Kirk Penney scoring 36 points for the Hawks. Jackson's performance in his 100th game was indicative to the score, as he went 0-of-7 from the field, 0-of-3 from three-point range, and 1-of-5 from the free throw line. The Breakers also committed 25 turnovers, a club record in a 40-minute game. Their following game against the Perth Wildcats also turned in another loss, dropping them to a record of 1–3 over the first two rounds, having lost all three road games. With a dwindling record, the Breakers were happy to welcome back NBA prospect Corey Webster. The high scoring guard returned to Auckland on 17 October after failing to secure a roster spot with the Pelicans. As a result of Webster returning, forward Duane Bailey was released by the club, while guard replacement Everard Bartlett was retained for the rest of the season. With Webster back in the line-up, the Breakers went on a three-game winning streak to head into Round 5 with a 4–3 record. On 8 November, the Breakers were defeated by Melbourne United in a controversial final quarter which saw an unsportsmanlike foul call on Webster in the closing seconds, denying the Breakers a chance at stopping United's unbeaten record.  After starting the season 1–3, the Breakers won nine of their next 11 games to breeze back into the championship mix with a 10–5 record after Round 10. However, the Breakers went on to lose five of their next six games to slip behind the fourth-placed Adelaide 36ers (11–9) at the conclusion of Round 15 with an 11–10 record. On 21 January, the Breakers lost their fifth straight game, the team's worst losing streak since the 2008–09 season. Despite the mid-season turmoil, the Breakers managed to fight back and win five straight to edge out the 36ers for the No. 4 seed in the playoffs. In the playoffs, the Breakers defeated first-placed Melbourne United in the semi-finals with a 2–0 sweep, moving on to their fifth NBL Grand Final appearance in six years. There they faced their archrivals the Perth Wildcats, but after losing Game 1, the Breakers fought out a Game 2 win in Auckland to level the series. They went on to lose Game 3 in Perth, earning their first grand final series loss and losing a series to the Wildcats for the first time in their playoff history.  Following the 2015–16 season, chief executive Richard Clarke and coach Dean Vickerman parted ways with the organisation, with Paul Henare stepping up from assistant to take the reins as head coach, while Dillon Boucher took control of the front office as general manager.

End of an era.

2016–17 season.

The Breakers went through many off-season changes in 2016. Joining Dean Vickerman in departure was Cedric Jackson and Tai Wesley, both of whom moved across the Tasman and joined Melbourne United. While retaining Abercrombie, Webster, Pledger and Vukona, the Breakers acquired the services of club legend Kirk Penney. With two vacant import spots, the Breakers signed Ben Woodside and Akil Mitchell. A strong New Zealand NBL contingent also stepped up from development player roles for the 2016–17 season, with Finn Delany, Shea Ili and Jordan Ngatai joining the club on full-time contracts.  Pre-season was anything but a breeze for the Breakers, as they lost Ili to a stress fracture in his back and had multiple players sit out games due to injury, including Penney (calf) and Webster (hip and back). As a result, the Breakers went 0–6 in the pre-season.  Over the first 20 games of the season, the Breakers went 8–12 while dealing with numerous injuries to Abercrombie, Webster and Woodside. As a result, Webster was placed on the long-term injury list and replaced in the line-up by import forward Paul Carter, while Woodside was replaced by David Stockton before he too succumbed to injury and was replaced by Kevin Dillard. Dillard helped salvage the Breakers' season by guiding them to four-straight wins, but after two Round 17 losses dropped them to 12–14, the Breakers' playoff hopes were shattered. Despite winning their last two games of the regular season, they fell short of a playoff spot, with their 14–14 record earning them fifth place.

2017–18 season.

In March 2017, the Breakers severed ties with long-time guard Corey Webster. They subsequently signed import guard combo D. J. Newbill and Édgar Sosa for the 2017–18 season. The Breakers started the season in hot form, going 6–1 after five rounds thanks to the selflessness of Newbill and Sosa. Back-up guard Shea Ili also impressed early, as he cemented his place as a contender for most improved honours. With a win over the Perth Wildcats on 9 November, the Breakers moved to a 7–1 record, tying their best start in franchise history. They went on to defeat Perth again three days later, moving them to an 8–1 record. They moved to 9–1 with a win over the Brisbane Bullets on 19 November, as they headed into the 2019 FIBA Basketball World Cup qualification league-wide break atop the NBL ladder behind a nine-game win streak. However, the Breakers lost four out of their first five games following the break to drop to 10–5 following Round 10. After dropping to 11–6 heading into the new year, the Breakers signed former NBA player Rakeem Christmas in early January to bolster their squad. Despite this, they rounded out the month with a 13–9 record to sit in fourth place on the standings. They went on to finish the regular season with two defeats in the final round, earning them fourth place with a 15–13 record. They faced Melbourne United in the semi-finals, where they were defeated 2–0 following an 88–86 overtime loss in Game 2. Club legend Kirk Penney played his final NBL game in the Game 2 loss, finishing with a 17-point effort.

New era.

2018–19 season.

In 2018, a new regime was brought about at the Breakers organisation. In February, a consortium headed by former NBA player Matt Walsh became the majority shareholders via a newly-formed company called Breakers Basketball Ltd, thus ending the 13-year Liz and Paul Blackwell ownership team. Next came the exodus of four of the franchise's most long-serving figures during the off-season: Alex Pledger and Mika Vukona departed for Melbourne and Brisbane respectively, Kirk Penney retired, and Paul Henare's 15 years as player and coach came to an end. In a total remake of their big man contingent, the Breakers also parted ways with Robert Loe. To coincide with the appointment of new head coach Kevin Braswell, the Breakers reacquired the services of Tai Wesley, a Guam-qualified American on the final year of his status as an unrestricted player. Braswell also lured back Tall Blacks star Corey Webster, and signed Jarrad Weeks and Majok Majok. The Breakers started the season with a 4–8 record following a five-game losing streak in late November and early December. As the season continued, Webster presented as a shadow of the figure who was once a premier scorer in the league, Abercrombie and Ili struggled with scoring, and Patrick Richard failed to live up to expectations. By mid-January, the Breakers had an 8–12 record following three consecutive losses, including losing to the last-placed Cairns Taipans. They went on to miss the finals with a sixth-place finish and a 12–16 record.

2019–20 season.

For the 2019–20 season, the Breakers acquired the services of coach Dan Shamir, who in-turn recruited seven new players, including US teen sensation R. J. Hampton as part of the NBL Next Stars program. As a result, long-time guard Shea Ili parted ways with the club. Along with the departure of Braswell as coach, general manager and long-time Breaker Dillon Boucher left the club, as did assistant coach Michael Fitchett.  The regular season began with just two wins from their first nine games. The club endured a number of injuries with four starting players (Finn Delany, Rob Loe, Scotty Hopson and Corey Webster) all having extended time on the sidelines during the first half of the season. The club's attempt to cover for the injuries saw the signing of former NBA player Glen Rice Jr.. However, Rice was suspended indefinitely by the club after just three games for off-court misdemeanors. Despite the controversy surrounding the club, the Breakers were playing to record home crowds and the 24 October encounter against the Illawarra Hawks—which saw Hampton matched-up with LaMelo Ball—was the most-watched game in NBL history with nearly two million views globally on Facebook. There were an estimated five million views on highlights from the game shared on social media platforms including Twitter, Instagram and YouTube. The club's playoff hopes looked dashed after first dropping to a 2–8 record and later a 4–10 record at the end of round 12. A remarkable turn around occurred from round 13 onwards with the Breakers reaching 8–10 by the end of December following a four-game winning streak, and then winning 11 of their last 14 games to finish the season 15–13, only missing the playoffs on points differential. The late-season push saw the Breakers being dubbed "the team no one wants to play in the playoffs".

Players.

Current roster.

<section end=roster /

The New Zealand Breakers are a New Zealand professional basketball team based in Auckland. The Breakers compete in the National Basketball League (NBL) and play their home games at Spark Arena. The team was founded in 2003 by three Waikato businessmen, Dallas Fisher, Michael Redman and Keith Ward, and remains the only team in the league to compete from New Zealand. The team was bought by Liz and Paul Blackwell in 2005. The couple owned the team until February 2018, when a consortium headed by former NBA player Matt Walsh became the majority shareholders via a newly-formed company called Breakers Basketball Ltd.


Form.

The work is composed of four movements and a typical performance of the work takes around 36–38 minutes. Beethoven initially planned two additional movements: one between the first and second, and another between the third and fourth.  In the first, Schott, edition of 1826, the finale had no initial tempo marking (other than "Finale") (and the third movement's opening indication was "Scherzo: Vivace", not "Scherzando vivace").

Music.

The first movement is twice interrupted – just before the development of the sonata form begins, and when that section is almost but not quite over – by recurrences of the opening's "maestoso" music.  The immense second movement is in the subdominant key of A major. It consists of a set of six variations and a coda.  The penultimate variation recapitulates the theme after a contrasting section in the submediant, while the final variation restores the tonic and basic thematic material after an episode in the subdominant. Beethoven based this tonal progression on the finale of the Ninth Symphony (Op. 125) where the orchestral double fugue episode in B is followed by the "grand" variation for full orchestra and choir in D major, followed by the "" episode in G major, which moves into the choral double fugue in the tonic D major.  The scherzo's trio is a "Presto" of a kind Beethoven did not use very often, though it is similar in sound and phrasing to some of his bagatelles from the contemporary Op. 126 set.

The String Quartet No. 12 in E major, Op. 127, by Ludwig van Beethoven, was completed in 1825. It is the first of Beethoven's late quartets.


Biography.

After studying history, Andreu specialized in Egyptology (hieroglyphs, hieratic, Coptic) and produced a thesis on the law and order in Ancient Egypt at Sorbonne in 1978 under the direction of Professor Jean Leclant. Following this academic work, she was appointed scientific member of the French Institute of Oriental Archaeology in Cairo in 1978-1982.  There, for four years, she participated in excavations of this institute in the Nile Valley (Deir el-Medina), in the oases of the Western Desert (Balat at Dakhla Oasis, the at Kharga, and a Christian monastic site in the Nile Delta (the Kellia). Meanwhile, she continued research on Pharaonic Egypt and civil and administrative measures likely to have been taken during the daily lives of Egyptians at the Pharaonic era.  Teaching Assistant at the Louvre's Egyptian department in 1982, she returned as design engineer in 1991 after a stint at the DRAC Ile-de-France. In 1997 she was appointed curator and was assigned to the Musée national du Moyen Age-Thermes de Cluny (Paris). In 1998 she was curator of the exhibition "Egyptology, fantasy and science" in Paris.  At the Louvre in 2001, she was curator of the exhibition on Deir el-Medina and the Valley of the Kings which was held there from 15 April to 5 August 2002, Brussels (RMAH) from September to January 2003 and in Turin from February to May 2003. The success of this exhibition (450,000 visitors in Paris) was exceptional. In 2005, she curated an exhibition in Nagoya, Fukuoka, Tokyo, Japan which attracted a great number of Japanese.  She has participated in excavations of the Louvre led by Christiane Ziegler on the site of Saqqara from 1993 to 2001. From 2003 to 2005 she directed the archaeological site of Deir el-Medina.  In May 2007 she was appointed Director of the Department of Egyptian Antiquities from the Louvre Museum.  She is chief curator of the exhibit "Meroe", presented at Louvre from March to September 2010.  Guillemette Andreu is a member of the Scientific Council and Board of Directors of the IFAO, member of the scientific committee and joint Franco-Egyptian Centre's study of Karnak, a member of the Committee on Ministry searches Foreign and European Affairs, Member of the Scientific Committee of Egyptology Museum of Turin, scientific advisor of the future museum ethno-archaeological of Qena (near Dendera, and member of the reading committee of the Revue des Musées de France (Revue du Louvre).  Decorations include the Chevalier des Arts et Lettres (2002) and the Chevalier of the Legion of Honour (2006)

Guillemette Andreu-Lanoë (born August 3, 1948 in Paris), is a French Egyptologist and archaeologist. A former member of the French Institute of Oriental Archaeology of Cairo, she has been a curator and director of the Department of Egyptian Antiquities of the Louvre Museum since May 2007.


history.

A tropical wave moved off the coast of Africa on August 29. It tracked slowly westward, and first showed signs of development two days later. On August 31, a second tropical wave exited the coast of Africa at a faster speed than its predecessor. The two waves interacted, and by September 2 combined to form a large area of disturbed weather across the eastern Atlantic Ocean. Convection increased within the system, and it developed a concentrated area of convection in conjunction with a well-defined low pressure area. By late on September 3, the system maintained a broad closed circulation and enough convective organization to be classified Tropical Depression Six while located about midway between the Lesser Antilles and Africa.  Upon becoming a tropical cyclone, the depression maintained multiple cloud swirls within a common center. Banding features increased, though southwesterly wind shear and the lack of a well-defined circulation prevented initial strengthening. Dry air encountered the depression, and as such it developed very slowly; forecasters maintained considerable difficulty in determining a center of circulation. It continued its motion to the west-northwest while tracking around the southern periphery of a deep-layer subtropical ridge to its north. Though convection remained focused near the outer periphery of the system, the overall organized continued to steadily increase, and it is estimated the depression intensified into Tropical Storm Florence on September 5 while located about 1,120 miles (1,800 km) east-northeast of Anguilla. After attaining tropical storm status, the maximum sustained winds fluctuated for three days between 40 mph (65 km/h) and 50 mph (85 km/h). This was due to the large size of Florence; the overall wind field reached a diameter of 460 miles (745 km), and the radius of maximum winds reached about 110 miles (170 km). By September 6, a well-defined cloud swirl became evident, with thin rainbands developing in the southeast and northwest quadrants. As a result, hurricane forecasters anticipated Florence would develop significantly and attain major hurricane status. Though convection gradually migrated closer to the center of the storm, forecasters could not detect a well-defined center of circulation by late on September 6. On September 7, convection developed over and to the west of the center for the first time in its duration. However, Florence failed to intensify further, as its wind field had increased to more than 1,035 miles (1,670 km) in diameter. This led to difficulties in forecasting, as its environment favored further strengthening; the storm tracked through an area of 84° F (29° C) water temperatures and light shear, and the system maintained a large low-level cyclonic envelop with abundant convection. By early on September 8, the storm consisted of an elongated, shapeless cloud pattern atypical of a tropical cyclone. Later that day, as an anticyclone developed over Florence, the storm began to consolidate around a vorticity center on the western side of the large cyclonic envelope. It began to strengthen more steadily as it turned to the northwest. Early on September 10, an eye began developing within a round central dense overcast over the center, and shortly thereafter Florence attained hurricane status while located about 390 miles (630 km) south of Bermuda.  Hurricane Florence turned to the north and north-northeast through a break in the subtropical ridge. Though its eyewall was open on the north side, favorable conditions led forecasters to predict Florence passing near Bermuda as a strong Category 2 hurricane. The inner core of convection became ragged-looking on satellite imagery, and based on reports from Hurricane Hunters it is estimated the hurricane attained peak winds of 90 mph (150 km/h) late on September 10. Subsequent to further erosion of the eyewall, the hurricane weakened, and on September 11 passed about 60 miles (95 km) west of Bermuda with winds of 85 mph (135 km/h). The overall cloud pattern became slightly better organized, and Florence briefly re-strengthened before encountering increased upper-level winds and cooler waters. Dry air wrapping around the southern periphery of the cyclone eroded most of the deep convection by early on September 12. The cloud shield became asymmetrically displaced to the north of the center, and frontal-like features began to form. It continued to lose tropical characteristics, and on September 13 Florence transitioned into an extratropical cyclone about 485 miles (780 km) south-southwest of Cape Race, Newfoundland. Initially maintaining hurricane-force winds, the extratropical remnant passed near Cape Race before turning to the east-northeast, and on September 14 the winds weakened to gale force. The storm executed a broad cyclonic half-loop to the southwest of Iceland over the subsequent days, and after turning to the west the extratropical remnants of Florence were absorbed to the east of Greenland by a developing extratropical cyclone to its south.

Preparations.

The government of Bermuda issued a hurricane watch for the island on September 8, which was followed by a tropical storm warning on September 9. These were replaced by a hurricane warning on September 10, coinciding with the storm's strengthening to hurricane intensity. The government urged the potentially impacted citizens to take preparations for the storm, many of whom bought supplies at local hardware stores. Residents installed storm shutters, while boat owners moved their yachts to safer locations. An emergency shelter was prepared on the island. Prior to the arrival of the storm, officials canceled bus and ferry service, and also closed all schools and government offices on the day of impact. The Bermuda International Airport was also closed.

Impact.

Hurricane Florence produced strong swells and dangerous surf conditions along the northern Lesser Antilles, Virgin Islands, Puerto Rico, Hispaniola, and Bermuda. Later in its duration, the tight pressure gradient between Florence and a high-pressure system over southeastern Canada produced strong winds and rough waves along the East Coast of the United States. The hurricane also caused strong swells and rough ocean conditions, including rip currents, in the Bahamas and Atlantic Canada. In South Carolina, high waves produced severe beach erosion on several beaches.  Passing a short distance west of Bermuda, Hurricane Florence produced strong winds on the island; sustained winds peaked at 82 mph (132 km/h) on St. David's Island at an elevation of 157 feet (48 m), while gusts reached 115 mph (185 km/h) at the Maritime Operations Centre in St. George's Parish at an elevation of 256 feet (78 m). The winds knocked down trees and power lines, leaving over 25,000 homes and businesses without electricity during the peak of the storm. The powerful winds damaged ten houses, including destroying the roofs of three, and blew out windows across the island. A few people were injured by flying glass, though none required hospital care. Rainfall on the island reached 1.32 inches (34 mm) at the Bermuda International Airport. A possible tornado in Southampton Parish downed trees and caused light property damage. At the Bermuda Zoo and Aquarium, two flamingos died due to falling branches. During the peak of the storm, police officials advised citizens to remain indoors away from harm, though there were several reports of looting throughout the territory. On the island, the storm's damage totaled over $200,000 (2006 USD). Shortly after the storm passed through, BELCO began restoring power, and by six hours after the peak of the storm power had been restored to 7,000 homes and businesses. By the day after the storm, about 3,000 remained without electricity on the island. The storm damaged the causeway between St. David's Island and Hamilton Parish, temporarily limiting traffic to one lane in each direction.  As an extratropical storm over Newfoundland, Florence produced powerful winds peaking at 101 mph (163 km/h) and moderate amounts of rainfall of up to 2.6 inches (67 mm). Flooding and power outages were reported, although they were isolated. The hurricane caused flight interruptions at St. John's International Airport and also to the Trans Canada ferry between Newfoundland and Cape Breton Island in eastern Nova Scotia. Strong winds destroyed a house in the small Newfoundland village of Francois. Residents in Francois agreed to rebuild the wrecked home while the family temporarily resided in a summer home of another family. The winds also caused damage to shingles and sides of homes, while the strong waves damaged roads and boats along the Burin Peninsula.

Hurricane Florence was the first North Atlantic hurricane to produce hurricane-force winds on the island of Bermuda since Hurricane Fabian in September 2003. The seventh tropical storm and second hurricane of the 2006 Atlantic hurricane season, Florence developed from a tropical wave in the eastern Atlantic Ocean on September 3. Due to unfavorable conditions, the system failed to organize initially, and as a result, the storm grew to an unusually large size. After several days, Florence encountered an area of lesser wind shear and intensified into a hurricane on September 10. It passed just west of Bermuda while recurving northeastward, and on September 13 it transitioned into an extratropical cyclone.


Americas.

Brazil.

National sports networks

Mexico.

In Mexico the Viva Sports channel of Dish will become Claro Sports and transmit the contents of América Móvil, forward Arturo Elias Ayub, CEO of UnoTV.  "There is a sports channel now called Dish Viva Sports changed from to 16 December for 12:00 AM (Local Time) and will be called Claro Sports and be a channel that is in all countries where America Movil has pay TV systems and in that channel transmit complete the Olympic Winter Games," said Arturo Elias Ayub during the presentation of the alliance transmission of the Olympic Winter Games.  The manager said UnoTV have no regulatory restrictions to bring their content to a channel with a pay-TV company.  "What we can not do is directly offer pay television or broadcast television, but nowhere prohibits us create content that is just what we are doing", said the director of UnoTV.  The concession of Telefonos de Mexico (Telmex ) does not allow the telco to offer services restricted audio and video until it complies with the Convergence Agreement issued in 2006, which requires the phone to provide interoperability, interconnection and information.  Coverage by public transport JO  America Movil has 28 agreements with means for transmitting the Sochi Winter Olympics 2014 will reach 90 million viewers.  Of the 28 media, 25 are state and local television stations, one more is the Promoter Agency Broadcasting (OPMA) with coverage in 16 cities and another is the Clear Channel Sports pay TV and UnoTV channel online, reported America Movil conference.  Carlos Slim's company obtained the exclusive rights to broadcast the Olympic Winter Games Sochi, Russia 2014 and Olympic Games in Brazil in 2016 to 17 countries in Latin America, except for Brazil.  The manager explained that they have several agreements in accordance with the type of concession of the television.  "There concessionaires and licensees, a concession by title can not pass if advertising and the other, then each of them there are different arrangements, in both cases there is no direct charge for the rights, but there is an agreement for broadcasting revenues," explained Elias Ayub.  Octavio Juan Pavón, Radio and Television of Veracruz, said that this transmission confirms that public media are an alternative and becomes the third country national network for its coverage.  Meanwhile, Monica Ramirez of Radio and Television of Querétaro, generous scored the agreement between America Movil and the various public media so that the latter can transmit the Olympics.  America Movil reiterated that remain open to provide to anyone interested the transmission of the Olympic Games.

United States.

National sports networks  Regional sports networks

Sports channels are television speciality channels (usually available exclusively through cable and satellite) broadcast sporting events, usually live, and when not broadcasting events, sports news and other related programming.


Early life, marriage and family.

Born at Montagu House, Whitehall, Westminster, London, into a family of four boys and three girls, William Henry Walter Montagu Douglas Scott was the eldest son of Walter Montagu Douglas Scott, 5th Duke of Buccleuch & 7th Duke of Queensberry and Lady Charlotte Anne Thynne, daughter of Sir Thomas Thynne, 2nd Marquess of Bath, and the Hon. Isabella Elizabeth Byng. He was educated at Eton College and at Christ Church, Oxford.  On Tuesday 22 November 1859 at London, England, he married Lady Louisa Jane Hamilton, the third daughter of Sir James Hamilton, 1st Duke of Abercorn and Lady Louisa Jane Russell, daughter of Sir John Russell, 6th Duke of Bedford. As heir apparent to his father's title, William was already "Earl of Dalkeith" by courtesy, and thus his new bride was immediately styled "Countess of Dalkeith". They had six sons and two daughters:

Career.

He sat as Conservative Member of Parliament for Midlothian from 1853–1868 and from 1874–1880. He was also lieutenant colonel of the Midlothian Yeomanry from 1856–1872, as well as serving as Justice of the Peace (JP) for Selkirkshire, Deputy Lieutenant (DL) of Selkirkshire, and Deputy Lieutenant (DL) of Roxburghshire.  The "Political Achievements of the Earl of Dalkeith" was a political pamphlet that was published and circulated in Edinburgh during the 1880 United Kingdom general election. It was well presented but inside the neatly printed cover there were just thirty-two blank pages, making it an early empty book. The publication was thought to be an effective attack on William Montagu Douglas Scott, 6th Duke of Buccleuch, who lost the seat to William Gladstone by 211 votes.

Death.

William Henry Walter Montagu Douglas Scott, 6th Duke of Buccleuch & 8th Duke of Queensberry, died at Montagu House, Whitehall, London, England on Thursday 5 November 1914, in his 83rd year. He had survived his wife, Lady Louisa Jane, by little more than two years. He was survived by seven of his eight children and their families.  He was buried on Tuesday 10 November 1914 in the family crypt of the Buccleuch Memorial Chapel in St. Mary's Episcopal Church, Dalkeith, Midlothian. The church is located on Dalkeith's High Street, at the entrance to Dalkeith Country Park.

William Henry Walter Montagu Douglas Scott, 6th Duke of Buccleuch and 8th Duke of Queensberry (9 September 1831 – 5 November 1914) was a Scottish Member of Parliament and peer. He was the paternal grandfather of Princess Alice, Duchess of Gloucester, and the maternal great-grandfather of Prince William of Gloucester and Prince Richard, Duke of Gloucester.