Description.

Salto de Roldán includes two main rocky outcrops: Peña San Miguel (sometimes "Sen"; English: 'St Michael's Rock' or 'Crag'; or ) to the west and Peña Amán (sometimes "Men"; etymology uncertain; or ) to the east. Their exterior sides are sloped, and their facing sides are steep and stepped. They rise or over from the surrounding landscape. The distance from peak to peak is about. There is a smaller isolated outcrop, El Fraile or Mallo d'o Fraile ('The Friar'; ), about northeast of Peña San Miguel. The flows from north to south between El Fraile and Peña San Miguel to the west and Peña Amán to the east.  Salto de Roldán is what remains of a syncline (a U-shaped fold) of multiple strata of conglomerate limestone rock laid down in the Tertiary period which has been selectively eroded by riverwater. In northern Spain, this type of formation is called a. Salto de Roldán was formed in two distinct phases. In the first, an ancient tributary of the cut a canyon about wide and deep through the rock. In the second, the Flumen cut into that canyon a gorge about wide and up to deep, called Palomeras del Flumen.  French Pyrenean explorer, photographer and writer (1860-1921) was in 1907 an early visitor to Salto de Roldán. The scene excited his imagination. Among other things, it suggested to him a temple to some pagan deity; perhaps Hercules, with the two "Peñas" representing the Pillars of Hercules. He said that the illustrations of French engraver Gustave Doré (1832-1883) to Dante's "Inferno" would have been better had they copied this landscape rather than being works of imagination. He thought that the post-"Reconquista" Christian sanctuary on Peña de San Miguel must have been built on the site of an earlier pagan temple.  Salto de Roldán is a visitor attraction, with foot access from a nearby road. It is possible to climb to the top of Peña San Miguel; though this involves negotiating two ladders made of metal staples driven into the rock, which are not for the faint of heart. On top, there are the ruins of a mediaeval fortress, of a cistern, and of a Romanesque-style hermitage of St Michael. The site is a protected monument. The view is spectacular.  Vegetation around Salto de Roldán includes flowers such as Pyrenean-violet,, St. Anthony's turnip, "farolito", and "abejeta", aromatic herbs such as rosemary and thyme, trees such as box and kermes oak, and various orchids including yellow-fringed orchid and sombre bee-orchid.  A wide variety of bird species can be seen on and around Salto de Roldán. Insectivores include black redstart, African stonechat, leaf warbler and red-billed chough; swift, crag martin, house martin, wallcreeper, goldfinch, robin and blue tit. Birds of prey include griffon vulture, Egyptian vulture, short-toed eagle and booted eagle; and golden eagle, Bonelli's eagle, peregrine falcon and kestrel; and, as a rare visitor, bearded vulture (lammergeier or ossifrage). The eagles and vultures will use the thermals above the crags to gain height to sight prey; and in the case of the bearded vulture, to drop large animal bones onto rocks to break them open so that they can feed on the marrow.

History.

There is evidence of prehistoric occupation close by. Near the village of Santa Eulalia de la Peña is the cave shelter of La Raja (which is not easily accessible because the path is heavily overgrown). It contains a cave painting which depicts a figure of Levantine type surrounded by bovids, deer and goats, which several experts consider the westernmost outpost of Levantine art. It has been suggested that prehistoric man made summer hunting camps near the Salto de Roldán. Also close by, there is a dolmen (megalithic tomb) at Belsué.  There was a Roman settlement (known as Bajo Cuesta) by the modern village of. There is evidence of Visigothic presence from a belt plate discovered at the village of. After the Muslim conquest of Spain, Huesca became part of the Caliphate of Cordoba, and Salto de Roldán was fortified under the name "Tan Wa Man". It was a strategic site, because it controlled access to the valley and plains of the River Ebro to the south. In 941, García Sánchez I of Pamplona captured the Fortress of Sen (, ). In 942, Muhammad ibn Mashim al Tuyibi, lord of Zaragoza, retook it; a victory which was celebrated in the Mosque of Córdoba. In 1086, Christian forces finally took and retained it.

Legends.

There are several legends associated with the site.  In the main legend, Roland (), the foremost of Charlemagne's paladins, was being hotly pursued by Saracens, the Muslim Arab occupiers of Spain. Cornered at Salto de Roldán, he escaped by leaping on horseback from one of the crags to the other. There are, however, differences in detail. The leap was in an unspecified direction; or was from Peña de Amán to Peña de San Miguel; or was from Peña de San Miguel to Peña de Amán. In some accounts, the horse landed with such force that it left the imprints of its hooves in the rock. The horse sometimes died as a result; or, was slain in mid-leap by a sorcerer. In some accounts, Roland continued northward on foot, and smote the Pyrenees with his sword to create Roland's Breach, so that he could see France one last time before he died.  There are several other legends, which do not involve Roland at all. In one of those, St Martin leapt from one of the rocks to the nearby to escape persecution. In another, St Martin and St Michael were on the top of Peña de San Miguel, mounted on a horse and an ox respectively. Only St Martin was able to make the leap; which is why that crag is named after St Michael, who had had to stay behind. In another, the Devil himself, riding an infernal horse, leapt the chasm. A legend of a different kind altogether has a gigantic spider squatting to span the crags and spinning her silk down into the abyss.  In more recent times, Salto de Roldán was said to have been a meeting-place for witches called "almetas". During winter nights, especially on Fridays, or on Easter Day, they would fly to Peña de San Miguel to prepare their misdeeds; and men would try to shoot them out of the air using shotguns loaded with wax pellets which had been blessed by a priest. In still another legend, "Patetas" (a local name for the Devil) would pass by on stormy nights, leaving smouldering footprints behind him.  Both the modern Coat of Arms of Huesca () (which date from the 16th century) and its mediaeval predecessor (from the 13th) include at their top the device of a block having a V-shaped notch. It is commonly said that it symbolises Salto de Roldán. Some writers have suggested that the official Spanish name of Huesca () derives from a Latin, Basque and Catalan word "osca", meaning notch or indentation, referring to the Salto de Roldán.

Salto de Roldán (English: 'Roland's Leap') is a rock formation about north of Huesca in High Aragon, northern Spain, in the foothills of the central Pyrenees. It lies in the westernmost part of Sierra y Cañones de Guara Natural Park. It consists of several large outcrops of almost bare rock standing clear of the surrounding landscape.


History.

Littlejohn Coliseum was first opened in 1968. It was named for James Corcoran Littlejohn, class of 1908, the school's first business manager, who was instrumental in many of the school's early building projects, including the building it replaced, Clemson Field House, and Memorial Stadium. He was an avid supporter of Clemson athletics.  The Tigers played their home games in the coliseum, at times giving the ACC powers Duke and North Carolina close games. The record for attendance was 13,863 when Clemson won over first place Duke in overtime on January 9, 1980. Until the 1998 completion of the Bi-Lo Center in Greenville, it was the largest arena in the Greenville-Spartanburg-Anderson market.  Littlejohn Coliseum has been the scene of 43 Clemson wins over ranked teams, including a victory over #1 Duke in 1980, a 75–65 victory over #1 North Carolina in 2001, and a 74–47 victory over #3 Duke in 2009.  Both the men's and women's basketball teams have won roughly 75% of their games played in Littlejohn. In January 2010, it hosted ESPN's College Gameday for a game against Duke.  Littlejohn Coliseum was renovated and reopened on January 5, 2003. The overall building square footage was increased from 95,000 to 167,500. The square footage for both the training room and weight room was increased eightfold, while the media facility was increased by 3.5 times. Over of curtain wall as well as a new 700-ton roof were added. Fan amenities were also renovated, as restrooms were tripled and concessions areas were doubled. The renovations included all new purple cushion seats with orange tiger paws and a new playing floor. The cost of the renovation – $31 million – was approximately ten times that of the original building cost.  As well as sports, in its 50 year history, Littlejohn Coliseum has hosted many concerts by musical groups, including Allman Brothers Band in '71, Chicago, R.E.M. in '87, Def Leppard, Huey Lewis and the News, Fleetwood Mac, David Lee Roth, Rod Stewart, Ozzy Osbourne, Alice in Chains in '92, 311 in '03, Fall Out Boy with Plain White T's and Young Wild Things Tour in '07, Evanescence on tour in 2012, and former Clemson football player Lee Brice in 15. It annually hosted FM 93.3 The Planet's "Birthday Bash."  In 2011, Clemson announced a $50 million athletic building plan. As a part of this plan, Littlejohn Coliseum was renovated. An additional practice facility was built at the southwest corner of Littlejohn Coliseum. Cost for the project was estimated at $5 million. The renovation was completed with an opening ceremony on October 14, 2016. The construction project cost a total of $63.5 million. The renovated studio included the new Swann Pavilion, which includes a practice gym, team suites, a film room, weight room and lounges. The renovation also upgraded the stadium entrance, exterior, and added two new LED boards. To fit in the new facilities, the basketball floor was rotated 90 degrees, and the stadium capacity was reduced to 9,000 seats.

The Littlejohn Coliseum, is a 9,000-seat multi-purpose arena in Clemson, South Carolina, United States. It is home to the Clemson University Tigers men's and women's basketball teams. It is also the site of Clemson graduations and the Clemson Career Fair. It is owned and operated by Clemson University and hosts more than 150 events per year including concerts, trade shows, galas, and sporting events.


Biography.

"DisBAND" and "Stereos".

The band formed roughly two years prior to its 2008 appearance on disBAND under the name Stand By Me. After meeting disBAND Guru Greig Nori, Stand By Me was advised to change their name due to copyright issues. Turn It Up was chosen. Later, in order to perform several shows in Toronto, Ontario, Universal Music Canada A&R rep Mark Spicoluk advised the band to change their name again, and the band chose the name Stereos. After receiving the thumbs up from the judges from disBand, Stereos went to a large gig to receive a contract from the President of Universal Music Canada and judged by Kiss member Gene Simmons.  On June 4 their music video for "Summer Girl" debuted on the MuchMusic Countdown. The single also debuted at #2 on the Canadian Hot 100 based on the large number of downloads in the first week and in June 2009, Stereos' debut single, "Summer Girl" sold over 120,000 units in Canada and has been certified CRIA double platinum in digital downloads. The band released their self-titled debut album "Stereos" on October 20, 2009 and was certified gold by the CRIA in January 2010 with sales of over 40,000 copies. The band started their first ever Cross-Canada tour on November 7, 2009 in Windsor, Ontario.

"The Show Must Go...On The Road Tour".

Stereos went across Canada in March and April 2010 on Hedley's The Show Must Go...On The Road Tour. Hedley announced the tour in support of their new album "The Show Must Go" which was released November 17, 2009. "Fefe Dobson and Stereos were along for the whole trek, while Faber Drive and Boys Like Girls joined on select dates."  In March 2010, the band received two Juno Award nominations which were for Best New Artist, and Best Pop Album. They released two other singles that charted moderately,"Turn It Up" peaked at #31, and "Butterflies" at #51. The song "She Only Likes Me When She's Drunk" failed to chart.

"Uncontrollable".

Stereos' second album, titled ""Uncontrollable"" was released on December 14, 2010. The first single from the album, ""Uncontrollable"" was released on October 25, 2010 and peaked at #42 on the Canadian Hot 100. The second single,"Body Move" was released in February 2011, just before their cross Canada tour. In mid April the band's drummer, Aaron, sustained a broken hand, leaving him unable to perform, causing the band to cancel their remaining shows.

10-Year Reunion and Return.

On March 10, 2019, Stereos announced a 10-year reunion show to take place on May 11, 2019, at Toronto's Rec Room during Canadian Music Week on their Facebook page, which ended up selling out.A second 10-year reunion show in the band's hometown of Edmonton took place on August 16, 2019 and also sold out.  On October 20, 2019, the band announced they were officially back in the studio recording new material, to be released in February 2020.  On February 3, 2020, the band announced via their social media pages that they would be releasing a brand new single, titled "Sunset Gold" on February 28, 2020.

Discography.

Music videos.

"Summer Girl" — 2009 "Throw Ya Hands Up" — 2009 "Turn It Up" — 2009 "Butterflies" — 2010 "Wingin' It Theme" — 2010 "She Only Likes Me When She's Drunk" — 2010 "Uncontrollable" — 2010 "Body Move" — 2011

Stereos are a Juno-nominated pop band from Edmonton, Alberta, Canada, formed in 2008. Their musical style fuses aspects of electronic music, rock, and pop. Their breakout came from appearing on the MuchMusic original series, "disBAND". In October 2009, they released their debut self-titled album, "Stereos".


Formation.

In June 2009, it was announced that the rights to the Claxton Shield had been sold to a new Australian Baseball League, with ownership split between Major League Baseball's 75 percent share and the 25 percent share owned by the Australian Baseball Federation. The 2010 Claxton Shield tournament was considered preparation for the inaugural ABL season.  Although initial reports suggested that between eight and ten teams would contest the first season, including the possibility of a team based in New Zealand, six teams representing Adelaide, Brisbane, Canberra, Melbourne, Perth and Sydney were announced in November 2009 as the foundation clubs.  Compared to the previous season's Claxton Shield tournament, there were few structural changes to the competition. With the expansion from five to six teams, the need for teams to have a bye was eliminated, with all teams participating in games each round. The individual rounds were expanded from three to four games per round, resulting in an increase from 24 to 40 games per team for the season. The postseason was also expanded to include the top four teams, rather than only the top three.

Teams.

Rosters.

During the season each team made use of a 22-man active roster, drawn from 35-man squads announced on 28 October 2010.

Venues.

Four of the six teams used their existing venues from the Claxton Shield: the Adelaide Bite, Perth Heat and Sydney Blue Sox all used the same grounds used in the 2010 Claxton Shield by the respective state teams, and the Canberra Cavalry used the same venue used by Australia Provincial when they last contested the Claxton Shield in 2008: Narrabundah Ballpark.  The Melbourne Aces played at the Melbourne Showgrounds, after the Victorian state government announced a A$300,000 upgrade of the grounds. Similarly the Queensland state government announced a A$300,000 upgrade of the Brisbane Exhibition Ground for use by the Brisbane Bandits as their home field.

Regular season.

The season length was similar to the 2010 Claxton Shield by spreading ten rounds over twelve weeks, playing only the season's first game in the first week and taking a week off for Christmas and Boxing Day. Six teams were involved, playing a four-game series every week totaling two series against each team, one at home and one away. In total, the schedule allowed for 40 regular season games per team before a four-team finals series. During the regular season, games were played Thursday to Sunday, varying depending on the series and team, with 18 games scheduled as doubleheaders on a Saturday. Doubleheaders were scheduled to have the first of the two games shortened to seven innings, with the second game using the full nine innings.  One of the regular season games resulted in a tie, which is unusual in baseball given the provision in the rules of the game to play extra innings to determine a winner. The game between the Sydney Blue Sox and the Melbourne Aces at Blacktown Olympic Park was the second game of a makeup doubleheader as a result of rain earlier that weekend washing out two games, and so had been shortened to seven innings. A rain delay during the first game of the day forced the second game to a later start. Under a provision in the ABL rules that is modeled on the International Baseball Federation's tiebreaker rule, in any extra inning that starts within an hour of the curfew time for the game—a time set to allow the visiting team time to meet travel schedules to return home at the end of a series—each team starts with runners at first and second base with nobody out. In addition, no new inning may start within 15 minutes of the curfew time. The game was scoreless at the end of the regulation seven innings, and was tied at 1–1 at the end of the eighth inning, which ended at the curfew time. Though the game was an official game, the result did not count towards the season standings.  All but 4 of the scheduled 120 games were played. The four games that were not played were the series scheduled between the Brisbane Bandits and the Canberra Cavalry at the Brisbane Exhibition Ground for the ninth round. Flooding in Brisbane had resulted in the Exhibition Ground being used as an evacuation centre for affected residents. Initially the ABL postponed the series, leaving a decision as to whether the games would be rescheduled to a later time. Just prior to the final round of scheduled games, it was announced that the games would go ahead in the form of two doubleheaders, but that only games that would affect the playoffs would be played. When Brisbane lost the final game of their series against the Adelaide Bite, both they and Canberra were eliminated from contention for the playoffs; hence, the makeup games were not played.  The Perth Heat and Sydney Blue Sox were the first teams to clinch positions in the finals series when Perth defeated the Melbourne Aces in the final game of their series in round 9. The Adelaide Bite were the next team to secure a place in the top four, after winning the third of an expanded six-game series against Brisbane. It was only on the final day of the regular season that Melbourne was able to claim the fourth finals position, and that the makeup of the semi-final series was decided: Sydney hosting Perth in the major semi-final series, and Adelaide hosting Melbourne in the minor semi-final series.

Postseason.

At the completion of the regular season, the top four teams progressed to the postseason. It was contested over three weeks, following the Page playoff system. Each stage was decided by a best–of–three game series. Unlike regular season games, which made use of a variation of the International Baseball Federation's mercy rule after seven innings, no such rule was in place for postseason games; all games went the full nine innings, with the only exception being two games that were tied after nine innings, therefore requiring extra innings.  The Perth Heat and Adelaide Bite each swept their semi-final series against the Sydney Blue Sox and Melbourne Aces respectively, resulting in the Heat qualifying for and hosting the championship series, and the Aces being eliminated. The Bite won the preliminary final series against the Blue Sox two games to one, to advance to the championship series. Though Adelaide won the first championship series game, the Perth Heat won the remaining two games to claim the title of ABL Champions.

The 2010–11 Australian Baseball League season was the inaugural Australian Baseball League (ABL) season, and was held from 6 November 2010 to 13 February 2011. It came 12 years after the old Australian Baseball League ceased and is the successor of the mostly amateur Claxton Shield competition that has been played since 1934. The season consisted of six teams competing in a 40-game schedule, followed by a three-round finals series to determine the ABL champion.


The painting.

Along with gladiators, Vestals, and spectators, the picture shows the emperor in his box. Like many historical or ethnographic paintings of the era, "Pollice Verso" piqued the prurient interest and indulged the voyeurism of viewers while allowing them to feel a sense of moral superiority over another (previous, non-Christian) culture.  Alexander Turney Stewart purchased the painting from Gérôme at a price of 80,000 francs, setting a new record for the artist, and exhibited it in New York City. It is now in the Phoenix Art Museum in Arizona.

Historical accuracy.

The painting almost immediately kicked off a controversy over the accuracy of Gerome's use of the thumbs-down gesture by spectators in the Colosseum. A 26-page pamphlet published in 1879, ""Pollice Verso": To the Lovers of Truth in Classic Art, This is Most Respectfully Addressed", reprinted evidence for and against the accuracy of the painting, including a letter dated 8 December, 1878 from Gérôme himself.  The controversy remains unsettled. The exact gesture described by the phrase "pollice verso" is not known. From historical, archaeological and literary records from ancient Rome, it remains uncertain whether the thumb was turned up, turned down, held horizontally, or concealed inside the hand to indicate positive or negative opinions. Gérôme's painting greatly popularized the idea that thumbs up signaled life, and thumbs down signaled death, for a defeated gladiator.  Gérôme's depiction of the Colosseum's architecture is based on accurate drawings, and the armor of the gladiators follows the design of those found in Pompeii, although the secutor's armor is not properly assembled. His depiction of blood-thirsty Vestal virgins demanding death may have been inspired by a passage by the ancient Christian author Prudentius, who disapproved of the carnage in the arena:Then on to the gathering in the amphitheatre passes this figure of life-giving purity and bloodless piety [the Vestal], to see bloody battles and deaths of human beings and look on with holy eyes at wounds men suffer for the price of their keep. There she sits conspicuous with the awe-inspiring trappings of her head-bands and enjoys what the trainers have produced. What a soft, gentle heart! She rises at the blows, and every time a victor stabs his victim’s throat she calls him her pet; the modest virgin with a turn of her thumb bids him pierce the breast of his fallen foe so that no remnant of life shall stay lurking deep in his vitals while under a deeper thrust of the sword the fighter lies in the agony of death.

Influence on cinema.

This painting and others by Gérôme (including his earlier "") had a strong influence on the visual portrayal of the ancient world by later filmmakers, beginning with silent movies. The painting was a catalyst for director Ridley Scott; when the producers of "Gladiator" showed him a reproduction of the painting before he read the script, Scott recalls, "That image spoke to me of the Roman Empire in all its glory and wickedness. I knew right then and there I was hooked."

The sculpture.

In his fifties, Gérôme took up sculpture. His first work was a large bronze statue of a gladiator holding his foot on his victim, based on "Pollice Verso" and first shown to the public at the Universal Exhibition of 1878 in Paris. After Gérôme's death, in 1909, his son-in-law Aimé Morot created "Gérôme Sculpting "The Gladiators": Monument to Gérôme", which comprised a new casting of Gérôme's statue along with Morot's portrait sculpture of Gérôme at work. Morot's sculpture resides in the Musée d'Orsay in Paris.

Pollice Verso (from ) is an 1872 painting by French artist Jean-Léon Gérôme, featuring the eponymous Roman gesture directed to the winning gladiator.


Structure.

The 3-D structures of a number of rubredoxins have been solved. The fold belongs to the α+β class, with 2 α-helices and 2-3 β-strands. Rubredoxin active site contains an iron ion which is coordinated by the sulfurs of four conserved cysteine residues forming an almost regular tetrahedron. This is sometimes denoted as a [1Fe-0S] or an FeS system, in analogy to the nomenclature for iron-sulfur proteins. While the vast majority of rubredoxins are soluble, there exists a membrane-bound rubredoxin, referred to as rubredoxin A, in oxygenic photoautotrophs.  Rubredoxins perform one-electron transfer processes. The central iron atom changes between the +2 and +3 oxidation states. In both oxidation states, the metal remains high spin, which helps to minimize structural changes. The reduction potential of a rubredoxin is typically in the range +50 mV to -50 mV.  This iron-sulphur protein is an electron carrier, and it is easy to distinguish its metallic centre changes: the oxidized state is reddish (due to a ligand metal charge transfer), while the reduced state is colourless (because the electron transition has an energy of the infrared level, which is imperceptible to the human eye).

Electron transfer rate.

The electron self-exchange rate is most accurately determined by nuclear magnetic resonance linewidths since the Fe ions give paramagnetic peak broadening while the Fe ion is diamagnetic and therefore causes no broadening.  The electron transfer rate has three parameters it depends on electronic coupling, reorganization energy and free energy of reaction (Δ"G"°)

Protein mechanism and effects.

The amide NH--S-Cys H-bonding lowers the inner sphere reorganization energy giving more rapid electron transfer and the Leu gate stabilizes the Fe reduced form shifts the redox potential to more positive E values. The protein mechanism for the electron transfer of rubredoxin occurs in two steps. The first protein effect, is through the expansion of iron-sulfur bond lengths upon reduction and the shortening of hydrogen bond lengths ensure a better electrostatic stabilization of the negative charge. The other protein effect, is gating mechanism which is created from the conformational changes of Leucine 41. The leucine 41 has a non-polar side chain that allows for transient penetration of the water molecules. This increases the polarity of the redox site environment. The Leucine 41 side chain has two different conformations; reduced and the oxidized form. The conformation in the reduced form is open and allows water molecules near the [Fe(S-Cys)4] active site and stabilizing the higher net positive charge of the reduced Fe oxidation state. This shifts the potential 50 mV more positive as indicated by Leucine 41 – Alanine site directed mutagenesis shift of the Fe redox potential 50 mV more positive. The conformation allows for the infiltration of water molecules which lets the formation of the strongly Hydrogen-bond to attach.

Rubredoxins are a class of low-molecular-weight iron-containing proteins found in sulfur-metabolizing bacteria and archaea. Sometimes rubredoxins are classified as iron-sulfur proteins; however, in contrast to iron-sulfur proteins, rubredoxins do not contain inorganic sulfide. Like cytochromes, ferredoxins and Rieske proteins, rubredoxins participate in electron transfer in biological systems.


Amateur career.

Rzepczynski attended Servite High School in Anaheim, California and the University of California, Riverside, where he played college baseball for the Highlanders from 2004–2007. In his senior season, the Highlanders won the Big West Conference championship and appeared in the NCAA Tournament.  He also played for the Corvallis Knights and the Bellingham Bells (2004) in the West Coast League, an independent summer collegiate league.

Professional career.

Toronto Blue Jays.

In June 2007, Rzepczynski was drafted in the fifth round (175th overall) of the 2007 Major League Baseball draft by the Toronto Blue Jays. He made his professional debut that season for the short-season Jays' Class A affiliate Auburn Doubledays of the New York–Penn League. With Auburn, he posted a 5–0 record and a 2.76 ERA in 11 games (7 starts), with 49 strikeouts and 17 walks in innings pitched.  In 2008, Rzepczynski advanced to the Class A Lansing Lugnuts of the Midwest League, where he finished 7–6 with a 2.83 ERA in 22 starts, with 124 strikeouts and 42 walks over 121 innings pitched. In 2009, Rzepczynski through early July had split his season between the New Hampshire Fisher Cats, the Jays' Double-A team in the Eastern League, and the Las Vegas 51s, the Jays' Triple-A team in the Pacific Coast League. His 2009 statistics between Double-A and Triple-A combined for 16 games (all starts), with a 9–5 record, a 2.66 ERA, 104 strikeouts, and 40 walks, in 88 innings pitched.  A series of injuries to pitchers at the major league level had plagued the parent Blue Jays for the first three months of the 2009 season, leading to opportunities for several rookies to advance to the top level. Scott Richmond, himself a rookie starter who had pitched very well for Toronto, became the latest casualty, when he went on the disabled list on July 4, retroactive to July 1, due to biceps tendinitis. Richmond, before play on July 6, ranked 16th of 40 eligible American League pitchers in Earned Run Average (ERA). Brett Cecil, another rookie who is already in the Jays' starting rotation, started on July 5 on short notice in Richmond's stead, against the New York Yankees, but this still left Toronto with only four healthy starters, leading to Rzepczynski's promotion and opportunity. Rzepczynski pitched six innings in his debut, during which he gave up 2 hits and 1 earned run, walked 4, and struck out 7 in a no-decision; the Jays lost, 3–1, in 11 innings. In his second big-league start, Rzepczynski again pitched well, but took the loss against the Baltimore Orioles on July 12, lasting 6 innings and allowing 3 earned runs; Toronto lost the game, 4–2. Rzepczynski won his first major-league game on July 18, defeating the American League leading Boston Red Sox; he pitched 6 innings, allowing 1 earned run on 4 hits, walking 4 and striking out 4; Toronto won, 6–2. Jays manager Cito Gaston stated before the game that Rzepczynski would remain in the rotation for at least the next couple of weeks, pending Richmond's return from the disabled list.

St. Louis Cardinals.

He was traded on July 27, 2011, to the St. Louis Cardinals along with Octavio Dotel, Edwin Jackson and Corey Patterson for Colby Rasmus, P. J. Walters, Trever Miller and Brian Tallet. The Cardinals won the 2011 World Series; in the series, Rzepczynski faced a total of four batters in two games, striking out three and giving up a two-run double.  In 2012, Rzepczynski became a lefty specialist, pitching 46.2 innings despite appearing in 70 games for the Cardinals.  On April 29, 2013, Rzepczynski was optioned to the Memphis Redbirds. On July 25, 2013, Rzepczynski was recalled by the St. Louis Cardinals

Cleveland Indians.

On July 30, 2013, Rzepczynski was traded to the Cleveland Indians for minor league second baseman Juan Herrera.

San Diego Padres.

On July 31, 2015, Rzepczynski was traded to the San Diego Padres for Abraham Almonte.

Oakland Athletics.

On December 2, 2015, the Padres traded Rzepczynski and Yonder Alonso to the Oakland Athletics for Drew Pomeranz, José Torres, and a player to be named later or cash considerations.

Washington Nationals.

On August 25, 2016, the Athletics traded Rzepczynski to the Washington Nationals for Max Schrock. On October 13, 2016, in the decisive game in the National League Division Series against the Los Angeles Dodgers, Rzepczynski was brought in to relieve Nationals pitcher Max Scherzer with the score tied 1-1. Rzepczynski walked the first batter he faced on four pitches, and became the losing pitcher in the 4-3 loss that eliminated the Nationals from the 2016 playoffs.

Seattle Mariners.

On December 3, 2016, the Seattle Mariners signed Rzepczynski to a two-year contract worth $11 million. In his first season as a Mariner, he appeared in 64 games despite pitching a career low 31.1 innings. He was designated for assignment on June 1, 2018 after posting an ERA of 9.39 in 18 games. He was later released on June 6.

Cleveland Indians (second stint).

Rzepczynski signed a minor league contract with the Cleveland Indians on June 18, 2018. On July 11, Rzepczynski was designated for assignment. After clearing waivers, Rzepczynski elected free agency.

Seattle Mariners (second stint).

On July 30, 2018, Rzepczynski signed a minor league deal with the Seattle Mariners. He elected free agency on November 2, 2018.

Arizona Diamondbacks.

On February 8, 2019, Rzepczynski signed a minor league deal with the Arizona Diamondbacks that included an invitation to spring training. He was released on May 31, but later re-signed to another minor league deal on June 24. He was released on August 25.

Toronto Blue Jays (second stint).

On February 24, 2020, Rzepczynski signed a minor league contract with the Toronto Blue Jays.

Personal life.

Rzepczynski is of Polish descent. Rzepczynski's nickname is "Scrabble".  Marc is married to Lindzey Lawler of Cleveland, Ohio. Their wedding was on January 21, 2017.

Marc Walter Rzepczynski ( ; born August 29, 1985), nicknamed Scrabble, is an American professional baseball pitcher in the Toronto Blue Jays organization. He has played in Major League Baseball (MLB) for the Blue Jays, St. Louis Cardinals, Cleveland Indians, San Diego Padres, Oakland Athletics, Washington Nationals, and Seattle Mariners.


Plot.

The volumes, written in chronological order from volume one, "Le 6 octobre", through volume twenty-seven, "Le 7 octobre", between them cover 6 October 1908 through 7 October 1933 in French life—an average of one volume per year, book-ended by one volume each for two particular days. The plot is expansive and features a large cast of characters, rather than narrowly focusing on individuals, but the two principals are Pierre Jallez, a poet loosely based on Romains, and Jean Jerphanion, a teacher who later goes into politics. They meet in volume 2 starting at the École Normale Supérieure and become friends. Jerphanion marries a woman named Odette and lives happily with her, while Jallez tries several times to find love and is eventually married to Françoise Mailleul. In the course of their careers, meanwhile, Jerphanion spends ten years in the Chamber of Deputies and is briefly Minister of Foreign Affairs, and Jallez finds success as a novelist, each trying to secure peace in their own way, though the First World War takes place half way through the story, which ends with the first foreshadowings of World War II.

Structure and themes.

Structurally, "Men of Good Will" is a "roman-fleuve"—a long work across several volumes with continuation of plot and related characters that may mean it forms a single novel. It has been described as a novel cycle or novel sequence, and as a novel, by different writers. Its full extent, at 2,000,000 words, across 7,892 pages, 779 chapters and 27 volumes, means it has been described as one of the longest novels ever written—sometimes the single longest.  "Men of Good Will" and particularly certain portions of it—"Encyclopædia Britannica" picks out the victory parade at the end of World War I—are emblematic of Romain's philosophy of unanimism, characterised by an interest in the collective rather than individuals. In the preface, Romains says that the ideas behind it can be traced to his very first work, "La vie unanime", published in 1904. This emphasis on group spirit is, writes Harry Bergholz, partly why "Men of Good Will" jumps from character to character as much as it does, rather than following one thread. While characters do recur, their stories may be told discontinuously. Bergholz gives the example of Françoise Mailleul, whose birth is the subject of a chapter in volume 9 but who doesn't feature again, apart from brief reappearances in volumes 13 and 18, until her marriage to Jallez in volume 26. Rather than telling the story of a few people, Romains' aim is "to paint a complete picture of our twentieth century civilization, in all its aspects, human and inhuman, social as well as psychological". Plot threads, too, are begun, recursively interrupted, and returned to later, sometimes several volumes on. This cross-volume inter-cutting presses the reader to take the work as a whole, since plots are not always resolved within single volumes, which therefore cannot be fully understood without reference to the others.  In all, there are approximately 40 main characters but counts of the full cast vary widely, from 600 total through 1,000 to 1,600. The characters are listed at the beginning of volume 25 ("Le Tapis magique"). They cover all walks of life, both in terms of class and occupation, as part of attempting to depict society as a whole, though the poor are underrepresented and the bulk of the novel relates to the middle classes. Other themes of the book include marriage and friendship, the internal deviance of outwardly respectable families, Oedipal issues in father-son relationships (literal and metaphorical), Freemasonry, crime, sexual perversion, and the potential—or lack of it—for goodwill, suitably applied, to avoid collective failures such as wars. War and the struggle for peace are continuing themes throughout. The first and last volumes each feature a group of schoolchildren being lectured on the dangers of war. Jallez and Jerphanion are preoccupied with these considerations, and two volumes are dedicated to the Battle of Verdun, a key point in the narrative.

Publication.

Romains began writing "Men of Good Will" in 1931 and announced the project in 1932. The original French publishers were Flammarion and each of the 27 volumes sold, in its first printing, at least 40,000 copies. By 1946, around 85,000 copies had been sold of the first volume. Romains wrote two volumes each year at around 600 pages between them. There were 14 volumes in the first American editions, in which publishers Alfred A. Knopf combined each of the two annual volumes into one. The Knopf editions were translated into English by Warre B. Wells (volumes 1–3) and Gerard Hopkins (volumes 4–14).

Reception.

The project was widely acclaimed in France as it began but critical opinion turned against it part way through. In America, where Romains moved at the beginning of World War II, Romains and his work were spurned when it became clear how late he had continued to be in contact with Nazi figures including Joseph Goebbels.  "Men of Good Will" has been compared to "Jean-Christophe", Romain Rolland's ten-volume French novel published between 1904 and 1912. Reviews have particularly noted the strong and rapid characterisation that Romains achieved, giving distinct personalities to each of the huge number of characters involved. "Britannica" describes the two volumes on Verdun, (volume 15 "Prélude à Verdun" and volume 16, "Verdun", both published in 1938) as "remarkable visions of the soul of a world at war". Denis Saurat wrote in "Modern French Literature, 1870-1940" (1946) that they are "truly an epic presentation of war". The work as a whole has been variously judged to be a "sprawling masterpiece" and "what began as a magnificent fresco of an entire generation" but degenerated "into a daguerreotype of one embittered, splenetic man".

Volumes.

The French titles and their English counterparts in the Knopf editions are:

Les Hommes de bonne volonté () is an epic roman-fleuve by French writer Jules Romains, published in 27 volumes between 1932 and 1946. It has been classified both as a novel cycle and a novel and, at two million words and 7,892 pages, has been cited as one of the longest novels ever written.


Club career.

Youth years.

Allan Wanga started playing while at primary school. As a youth he also played at various age levels for now defunct Kisumu based football club known as FIFA Kingdom.  He then went to St Paul's High School, Shikunga in Butere District and continued playing there, although the school did not have a famous football team.

Early career.

In 2005, he joined Kisumu-based Lolwe FC, then playing in Nationwide League, the second tier football league in Kenya. He only stayed three months though, because the Nationwide was being revamped and thus closed. He was set to join Agro-Chemical, but the move did not happen as he was threatened by Agro players fearing for their place in the team, according to Wanga. He then went home and was persuaded by his mother Noel, to join the army. He failed the army test, and got a chance at Sher Karuturi, another Kenyan top-flight club. After waiting for a contract offer, his brother Richard called him over a job offer in Canada, and Allan joined his brother in Nairobi but it did not materialise. After almost a year without a club, Lowle contacted him in late 2006 and he returned, but was picked up by Premier League club Tusker F.C., in early 2007. He played for Tusker until the end of 2007 season, when his club won the league. He managed to score 13 goals in his nine last matches for Tusker FC and 21 in total.

Petro Atlético.

At the end of 2007, he moved to Angolan club Petro Atlético, turning down trial offers from Swedish clubs. He won the Angolan Premier League (Girabola) in his first year, Petro Atléticos first league title since 2001.

FC Baku.

At the end of January 2010, he moved to Azerbaijani club FC Baku on a six-month contract but renewable for a year. After winning the Azerbaijan Cup his optional year contract was not taken up by Baku, and Wanga went on trial with Georgian side Rustavi Olimpi. When the deal hit a snag he called on Baku who could not issue him a work permit until after four months.

Hoàng Anh Gia Lai.

On 2 December 2010, he signed a contract with Hoàng Anh Gia Lai in the Vietnamese Super League.  In January 2013, Wanga joined Floribert Ndayisaba in going on trial with Omani side Al-Nasr.

Loan and return to A.F.C. Leopards.

At the beginning of the 2012 Kenyan Premier League, Wanga signed a loan deal with A.F.C. Leopards until 11 November 2012. At the end of the season, Wanga sealed a permanent move to "Ingwe".

Al-Merrikh.

On 4 June 2014, Wanga agreed to a one-year contract with the Sudanese giants Al-Merrikh.

Azam.

On 21 July 2015, Wanga agreed to a one-year contract with the Tanzanian club Azam FC. His first goal came in a Vodacom Premier League match against Stand United, During his one-year stay at Azam he was restricted to 11 appearances due to personal issues scoring 3 goals in the process.

Return to Tusker.

In June 2016, Wanga completed a move back to his former side Tusker. On 17 July 2016, he played his first match back for the club in a 2–2 draw against Chemelil Sugar, coming on as a substitute for Michael Khamati in the 59th minute. He scored 4 minutes into injury time to put his side 2–1 up before having his goal cancelled out by Hillary Echesa a minute later.

International career.

He made his debut for Harambee Stars on 27 May 2007, in a friendly against Nigeria. His first international goal for Kenya came on 8 December 2007 against Tanzania in a 2–1 loss at the 2007 CECAFA Cup.  On July 08,2019 Wanga announced that he had retired from International football.

Personal life.

Wanga's father, Frank Wetende, is a former A.F.C. Leopards and Kisumu Posta footballer who also played for the national team in the 1970s and early 1980s. His mother is named Noel Ayieta. He has three siblings, Richard Malaki, Nancy Kuboka and Magdalene Amboko, who is deceased.  His role models are fellow Kenyan footballer McDonald Mariga of Inter Milan and former French New York Red Bulls striker Thierry Henry.  Wanga married Brenda Mulinya, a Kenyan TV reporter on 3 September 2011.

Allan Wetende Wanga (born 26 November 1985 in Kisumu) is a Kenyan footballer who currently plays for Kakamega Homeboyz in the Kenyan National Super League as a striker, where he also is the sporting director. His dream of playing in the UEFA Europa League was not realised with Azerbaijan Premier League side FC Baku, as he failed to obtain a work permit after working out a 2-year contract with the club, which ended on 31 December 2009.


Amateur career.

College.

Russell was drafted by the Florida Marlins in the 26th round, 782nd overall, in the 2001 Major League Baseball Draft. Opting not to sign, he instead decided to play college baseball at Ohio University, where he did so for three years.

Professional career.

Chicago White Sox.

He combined to go 4–2 with a 3.75 ERA in 17 appearances with six starts in his pro debut between the Rookie-Level Great Falls Voyagers and Class-A Kannapolis Intimidators in. Russell went 4–0 with a 2.37 ERA to earn promotion to Kannapolis on August 23. He made two starts at Kannapolis.  In Russell made 24 starts for Class-A Kannapolis, going 9–7 with a 3.78 ERA. He ranked eighth among White Sox minor leaguers in ERA and finished second on the Intimidators in victories.  Russell was rated by Baseball America as the number seven prospect and possessing the best fastball in the White Sox farm system entering the season. He was 10–6 with a 3.43 ERA in 27 starts between Class-A Advanced Winston-Salem Warthogs and the Double-A Birmingham Barons. Russell ranked among the organizational leaders in starts, wins, ERA, strikeouts and innings pitched. Opponents hit.248, including a.210 mark by lefties against Russell. He began the season at Winston-Salem, going 7–3 with a 2.66 ERA in 17 starts. He was promoted to Birmingham on July 12, where he went 3–3 with a 4.75 ERA in 10 starts. He was 2–0 with a 3.65 ERA in 13 relief appearances with Scottsdale of the Arizona Fall League.  In he went 9–11 with a 4.80 ERA and one save in 38 games, in 20 starts, in his first full season with Double-A Birmingham. Russell began the season in the starting rotation before moving to the bullpen on July 21. He was 7–9 with a 4.61 ERA as a starter and 2–2 with a 5.60 ERA in relief. He made nine quality starts. Russell pitched for Phoenix in the Arizona Fall League, going 2–0 with a 2.81 ERA in 11 relief appearances. Russell was again rated by Baseball America as the number seven prospect and possessing the best fastball in the White Sox farm system entering the season. On November 20,, Russell's contract was purchased by the White Sox, protecting him from the Rule 5 Draft.  Russell split the season between the Triple-A Charlotte Knights of the International League and the Major League White Sox in. He was 4–0 with a 5.19 ERA in 22 relief appearances in his first season in the Major Leagues. The four wins came in his first 10 Major League outings and three of his four wins came at home and all against American League Central opponents. He made his Major League debut on June 17 against the Pittsburgh Pirates with one perfect inning pitched and his first strikeout against José Bautista. Russell earned his first major league win on July 1 as the White Sox defeated the Cleveland Indians 3–2 in 10 innings.

San Diego Padres.

On July 31, 2009, Russell was traded to the San Diego Padres along with Aaron Poreda, Clayton Richard and Dexter Carter for Jake Peavy. In 15 games with the Padres he went 3–1 with a 3.65 ERA in innings pitched.

Tampa Bay Rays.

On December 17, 2010 a deal was finalized that sent Russell, along with Cesar Ramos, Brandon Gomes and Cole Figueroa, to the Tampa Bay Rays for Jason Bartlett and a player to be named later.  Russell was designated for assignment on July 18, 2011.

Atlanta Braves.

The Atlanta Braves signed Russell to a minor league contract on November 22, 2011. He was released on July 21, 2012.

Los Angeles Angels of Anaheim.

He subsequently signed with the Los Angeles Angels of Anaheim and was assigned to the Salt Lake Bees.

Baltimore Orioles.

He signed a minor league contract with the Baltimore Orioles for 2013 and was assigned to the Norfolk Tides.

Arizona Diamondbacks.

The Arizona Diamondbacks signed Russell to a minor league contract on November 29, 2013.

Cincinnati Reds.

Russell signed a minor league deal with the Cincinnati Reds in May 2014. He was released on July 28, 2014.

Adam William Russell (born April 14, 1983) is an American former professional baseball pitcher. In, Russell was selected by the Chicago White Sox in the sixth round as the 179th overall pick.


Club career.

Artur Voskanyan began his career in Zvartnots Echmiadzin, for which he played 11 games in his first season. At that time, he was still 17 years old. Zvartnots soon had a number of unsuccessful performances and soon became SKA-Arai Echmiadzin and was demoted from the Armenian Premier League to the Armenian First League. After leaving the club, Voskanyan moved to Van Yerevan. He managed to play only two seasons for Van, as the club was disbanded after the 1996–97 season.  In 1998, Voskanyan joined Tsement Ararat. The club won the 1998 Armenian Premier League that season and also the 1998 Armenian Cup and 1998 Armenian Supercup. Voskanyan was given the Armenian Footballer of the Year award in 1998 by the Football Federation of Armenia.

International career.

Voskanyan debuted in the Armenia national football team on 27 March 1999 in a home UEFA Euro 2000 qualifying match against Russia, in which the Armenian team was defeated 0:3. Over his entire time playing for the Armenian national squad, Artur had 52 matches and scored one goal in a game against the Maltese national team.  In March 2010, has been invited to the national team, for which last played a year ago. Voskanyan left the national team that same year.

Managerial career.

On 8 December 2015 he has appointed as Head coach of Armenia under-17 football team. He is now the manager of FC Banants Yerevan.

Personal life.

Artur is married and has two children, a girl and a boy. His younger brother, Ara Voskanyan, was also a football player.

Honours.

Club.

Tsement Ararat  Banants Yerevan  Pyunik Yerevan  Ararat Yerevan

Artur Voskanyan (, born 13 August 1976 in Yerevan) is an Armenian football coach and former player. He is the current head coach of Armenia national under-21 football team.


Early life.

Sam Mills was born in Neptune City, New Jersey. While growing up in Long Branch, New Jersey, he loved to tag along with his older brother and play pickup football games with the bigger boys. Mills attended high school at Long Branch High School, where he was a standout football player and wrestler. In 1976 and 1977, Mills won District Championships at Long Branch as a wrestler. Long Branch High School honors him to this day by hanging his high school jersey and his NFL jersey in the school gym. Although considered a great athlete in high school, Mills' 5'9" frame did not interest college scouts. Even though Mills was only 5’9 3/4, since he was so close to 5’10, thats what he originally went by

Playing career.

Montclair State University.

Mills attended college at Montclair State College (now known as Montclair State University) and made the football squad as a walk-on. Mills played for Montclair State from 1977-1980 where he is the all-time leader in career tackles with 501, tackles in a season (142), and tackles in a game (22). He was a three-time NJAC First Team All-Star and was named the New Jersey Collegiate Writers Defensive Player of the Year for three straight seasons (1978–1980).

Cleveland Browns and Toronto Argonauts.

Mills signed with the Cleveland Browns as an undrafted free agent in 1981 but was released after the conclusion of preseason. He wore number 41, the one of the two times he didn't wear number 51, the other being with the Stars. In 1982, Mills signed with the Toronto Argonauts of the Canadian Football League but was released before the season.

Philadelphia/Baltimore Stars.

Fred Hill, who coached Mills at Montclair State, said that many pro scouts loved his tape, but when they heard he was only 5'9", they lost interest. Conventional wisdom at the time held that middle linebackers had to be at least six feet tall to see over opposing offensive linemen and scan the field. Just like after high school, Mills' lack of height held him back. After college, his Pop Warner Football coach Thomas Bevacqui Jr. was able to get Mills invited to the Cleveland Browns training camp after meeting with Browns coach Sam Rutigliano. Bevacqui told Rutigliano that Mills was the best linebacker that he had ever seen play the game. While Rutigliano admired Mills, he didn't think he had the size to play in the NFL and cut him. He then tried out with the Canadian Football League's Toronto Argonauts but did not make the team. Mills found a job teaching photography and assisting the football coach at East Orange (N.J.) High School.  However, Rutigliano still liked what he had seen of Mills in camp. He called an old friend, Carl Peterson, general manager of the Philadelphia Stars of the United States Football League, and suggested that he give Mills a look. Mills made his reputation at the Stars' first training camp; as Peterson recalled years later, "he just lit it up." He quickly became known as the "Field Mouse" for his devastating speed; as Peterson put it, "he was a mouse running around a field of elephants, but the elephants wanted nothing to do with him."  In his three years with the Stars (who moved to Baltimore in 1985), Mills became one of the anchors of the Stars' feared "Doghouse Defense," During that time (wearing #54), he became known around the league for both his tenacity on the field and his leadership off it. Mills led the Stars to two USFL championships, was named to three All-USFL teams and is a member of the USFL’s All-Time Team. He has been described as arguably the best defensive player (along with Reggie White) in the short history of the league.

New Orleans Saints.

After the Stars won the 1985 USFL title, their head coach Jim Mora was signed on to coach the New Orleans Saints, and Mills followed his mentor. During his tenure with the Saints, starting in 1986, Mills was an anchor of the defense. He was a member of the vaunted "Dome Patrol," the stellar linebacking corps that led a ferocious Saints defense in the early 1990s. Mills earned four Pro Bowl appearances with the Saints in 1987, 1988, 1991, and 1992. Mora, who coached 15 seasons in the NFL, called Mills "The best player I ever coached."

Carolina Panthers.

Mills became a free agent at the end of the 1994 NFL season. The expansion Carolina Panthers offered him a two-year, $2.8 million deal. While New Orleans matched the offer, Mills was displeased that the Saints did not make an offer until the Panthers forced their hand, and opted to sign with the Panthers.  Mills became a veteran leader for the young team, the only player to start every game during the Panthers' first three seasons. In a 1995 game against the New York Jets, Mills stepped in front of a Bubby Brister shovel pass and took it 36 yards for a touchdown, sealing the Panthers' first win in franchise history. His career rebirth gave him a fifth Pro Bowl appearance in 1996 at the age of 37 which, at the time, made him the oldest defender to be invited to a Pro Bowl. He retired after the following season.

Post playing career.

Mills played 12 seasons in the NFL and recorded 1,319 tackles, 20.5 sacks, 11 interceptions and four touchdowns while starting 173 of 181 games. Mills was named to the NFL All-Pro team three times, in 1991, 1992, and 1996. He was elected to the Louisiana Sports Hall of Fame (2001), the Sports Hall of Fame of New Jersey (2003) and the New Orleans Saints Hall of Fame (1998). After retiring from play, Mills was inducted into the Carolina Panthers Hall of Honor. He became a defensive coaching assistant for the Panthers in 1998, before being promoted to linebackers coach in 1999.

Cancer and death.

In August 2003, Mills was diagnosed with intestinal cancer. Though he was told he had only a few months to live, he underwent chemotherapy and radiation and continued to coach. He was an inspirational force in the Panthers’ post-season run to Super Bowl XXXVIII. His plea to "keep pounding" in an emotional speech before the Panthers' victory over the Dallas Cowboys later became the name of a fund to sponsor cancer research programs and an official team slogan. He continued to coach the team during the entire 2004 season, but after battling with cancer for almost two years, Mills died at his home in Charlotte, North Carolina on the morning of April 18, 2005.

Legacy.

Mills' jersey number 51 was retired by the Panthers at the start of the 2005 NFL season, making it the first number the franchise retired. Mills was inducted into the College Football Hall of Fame in 2009, with his son Sam Mills III accepting the award on his father's behalf. Sam Mills III is currently the defensive line coach for the Washington Redskins.  The speech inspired Nike, when awarded the contract for NFL jerseys starting in the 2012 NFL season, to feature "Keep Pounding" sewn on the inside collars of Panthers jerseys for the 2012 NFL season, in honor of the elder Mills. Also, before the start of every home game, the Panthers have an honorary drummer bang a "Keep Pounding" drum. Though Carolina was not the designated home team for Super Bowl 50, the tradition remained a part of the game, with the drummer being Panther fan and Charlotte native Stephen Curry, the star point guard for the 3x NBA champion Golden State Warriors.

Samuel Davis Mills Jr. (June 3, 1959 – April 18, 2005) was an American football linebacker who played twelve seasons in the National Football League (NFL) for the New Orleans Saints and Carolina Panthers. He also played for three seasons in the United States Football League (USFL) with the Philadelphia Stars and won two championships.


Geography.

New Castle is located at (39.572304, -107.534941), on the north side of the Colorado River, just east of where the river cuts through the Grand Hogback. Interstate 70 passes through the town following the river, with access from Exit 105. I-70 leads east to Glenwood Springs, the county seat, east to Denver, and west to Grand Junction. U.S. Route 6 is Main Street in New Castle and forms a parallel route to I-70 for local traffic. US-6 joins I-70 to the east at Chacra and to the west at a point west of Rifle.  According to the United States Census Bureau, the town has a total area of, of which is land and, or 1.21%, is water.

Demographics.

As of the census of 2000, there were 1,984 people, 705 households, and 537 families residing in the town. The population density was 850.6 people per square mile (328.8/km2). There were 731 housing units at an average density of 313.4 per square mile (121.1/km2). The racial makeup of the town was 94.61% White, 0.30% African American, 0.55% Native American, 0.35% Asian, 3.28% from other races, and 0.91% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 11.90% of the population.  There were 705 households out of which 48.8% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 64.7% were married couples living together, 8.1% had a female householder with no husband present, and 23.7% were non-families. 16.7% of all households were made up of individuals and 2.0% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.81 and the average family size was 3.18.  In the town, the population was spread out with 31.9% under the age of 18, 9.5% from 18 to 24, 38.9% from 25 to 44, 16.4% from 45 to 64, and 3.4% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 30 years. For every 100 females, there were 100.0 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 99.6 males.  The median income for a household in the town was $55,000, and the median income for a family was $58,889. Males had a median income of $39,597 versus $27,933 for females. The per capita income for the town was $21,356. About 2.9% of families and 4.4% of the population were below the poverty line, including 5.1% of those under age 18 and 13.3% of those age 65 or over.

Education.

It is within Garfield Re-2 School District. Coal Ridge High School is in New Castle.

The Town of New Castle is a Home Rule Municipality in Garfield County, Colorado, United States. The population was 4,518 at the 2010 census, up from 1,984 at the 2000 census.


History.

Royal Highness Era (1998 – 1999).

On February 24, 1998 Kottonmouth Kings released their first overall album, and their first EP, an EP titled Stoners Reeking Havoc.  On August 11, 1998 Kottonmouth Kings released their first national album, first studio album, and 2nd overall album titled Royal Highness on Suburban Noize Records and Capitol Records. The album featured the original lineup of: Daddy X, D-Loc, Saint Dog on vocals, and Lou Dog on drums and percussion, and DJ Bobby B.  On March 11, 1999 Kottonmouth Kings released their second EP, and 3rd overall album titled: Stash Box. On October 26, 1999 Kottonmouth Kings released their first compilation album, and 4th overall album titled Hidden Stash. This was also the last album to feature Saint Dog as a member of Kottonmouth Kings.

High Society Era (2000).

They began to gain mainstream success with the release of their 3rd studio album, and their 5th overall album, "High Society" on June 27, 2000. This was the first album to feature "original" member Johnny Richter. The album charted at #65 on the Billboard 200.

Hidden Stash II: The Kream Of The Krop Era (2001).

On September 4, 2001 D-Loc released his 1st solo album and his 1st under the name DJ Shakey Bonez titled The Green Room.  Kottonmouth Kings toured with D12/Primer 55 and Bionic Jive during the fall of 2001 in support of their fourth studio album, and 6th overall album, which was released on October 9, 2001. The album charted at #100 on the Billboard 200.

Rollin' Stoned Era (2002 – 2003).

On October 8, 2002 Kottonmouth Kings released their 4th studio album, and their 7th overall album titled Rollin' Stoned. The album charted at #51 on the Billboard 200.  In 2003 Kottonmouth Kings released their 2nd compilation album, and their 8th overall release with the promo CD titled Green Is Gold.  On July 22, 2003 Tsunami Bros released their debut album titled King Harbor.  On August 12, 2003 Kottonmouth Kings released their 3rd compilation album, their 1st live album and their 9th overall album titled, Classic Hits Live.

Fire It Up Era (2004).

On April 20, 2004 (420), Kottonmouth Kings released their 5th studio album, and their 10th overall release titled Fire It Up. The album charted at #42 on the Billboard 200.  On August 24, 2004 Daddy X released his 1st solo album titled Organic Soul.  On August 24, 2004 Kingspade released their debut album titled Kingspade.  On November 16, 2004 Kottonmouth Kings released their 4th compilation album, and their 11th overall album titled The Kottonmouth Xperience.

Kottonmouth Kings Era (2005).

On May 31, 2005 Kottonmouth Kings released their 6th studio album, and their 12th overall album titled Kottonmouth Kings. The album charted at #50 on the Billboard 200.  On November 15, 2005 Kottonmouth Kings released their 5th compilation album and their 13th overall album titled Joint Venture. The album charted at #193 on the Billboard 200.

Koast II Koast Era (2006).

On January 31, 2006 Daddy X released his 2nd solo album titled Family Ties.  On May 9, 2006 Kottonmouth Kings released their 3rd EP, and 14th overall album titled Nickel Bag. The album was a prelude to Koast II Koast.  On June 6, 2006 Kottonmouth Kings released their 7th studio album and 15th overall album titled Koast II Koast. The album charted at #39 on the Billboard 200.  In 2006, Kottonmouth Kings headlined at the annual Cannabis Cup, and was named "Band of the Year" by "High Times".  On November 21, 2006 Kottonmouth Kings released their 6th compilation album and their 16th overall album titled Hidden Stash III. The album charted at #199 on the Billboard 200.

Cloud Nine Era (2007).

On April 24, 2007 Kingspade released their 2nd album titled P.T.B..  On August 28, 2007 Kottonmouth Kings released their 8th studio album and their 17th overall album titled Cloud Nine. The album charted at #44 on the Billboard 200.

The Green Album Era (2008 – 2009).

On January 15, 2008 Kottonmouth Kings released their 7th compilation album, and their 18th overall album titled Greatest Highs. The album charted at #168 on the Billboard 200.  On April 15, 2008 Kottonmouth Kings released their 8th compilation album and their 19th overall album titled.  On October 28, 2008 Kottonmouth Kings released their 9th studio album and their 20th overall album titled The Green Album. The album charted at #42 on the Billboard 200.  In 2009 D-Loc released his 2nd solo album and his 2nd under the name DJ Shakey Bonez titled  On April 20, 2009 Kottonmouth Kings released their 4th EP and their 21st overall album titled 420 Freedom Sampler.  On September 15, 2009 Kottonmouth Kings released their 9th compilation album and their 22nd overall album titled Rollin' Down The Highway.  On October 13, 2009 Kottonmouth Kings released their 10th compilation album and their 23rd overall album titled Hidden Stash 420. The album charted at #103 on the Billboard 200.

Long Live The Kings Era (2010).

On April 20, 2010 Kottonmouth Kings released their 10th studio album and their 24th overall album titled Long Live The Kings. The album charted at #26 on the Billboard 200. Ironically named, the album was the last time Pakelika would be on as he was kicked out of the group by Daddy x, and died some time later.  On July 6, 2010 Johnny Richter released his debut solo album titled Laughing.  On August 17, 2010 D-Loc released his 3rd solo album and the 1st under the name D-Loc titled MFK (Made For Kings).

Sunrise Sessions Era (2011).

On March 1, 2011 The Dirtball released his 5th solo album, 4th on Suburban Noize Records, and 1st since joining Kottonmouth Kings titled Nervous System.  On April 19, 2011 Kottonmouth Kings released their 5th EP and their 25th overall album titled Legalize It.  On July 19, 2011 Kottonmouth Kings released their 11th studio album and their 26th overall album titled Sunrise Sessions. The album charted at #46 on the Billboard 200.  On November 8, 2011 Kottonmouth Kings released their 11th compilation album and their 27th overall album titled.

Mile High Era (2012 – 2013).

On March 20, 2012 D-Loc released his 4th solo album and the 2nd under the name D-Loc, an EP titled Weedman.  On May 22, 2012 The Dirtball released his 6th solo album, 5th on Suburban Noize Records, and 2nd since joining Kottonmouth Kings, an EP titled Desert Eagle.  On August 14, 2012 Kottonmouth Kings released their 12th studio album and their 28th overall album titled Mile High. The album charted at #36 on the Billboard 200.  On December 25, 2013 D-Loc released his 5th solo album and the 3rd under the name D-Loc, a 2nd EP titled Bong Tokes & Love Notes.

Independent (2013 – 2014).

In March 2013 it was announced via social media accounts that Kottonmouth Kings have left Suburban Noize Records. Daddy X filed for the copyright of the name United Family Music.  In October 2013 via Twitter, Johnny Richter announced that he was leaving Kottonmouth Kings, and was unsure if he would continue to do music. He released his 1st post-Kottonmouth Kings solo album, an EP titled FreeKing Out on December 17, 2013.

The Buddah Shack EP Era (2014).

On April 20, 2014 Kottonmouth Kings released their 1st post-Johnny Richter, 6th EP and their 29th overall album titled The Buddah Shack.  In September 2014, it was announced on the band's Twitter and Facebook pages their new album, "Krown Power", was in the final stages of being mixed and was set to be released in early 2015. On December 31, 2014, Kottonmouth Kings officially announced via their Twitter account that the album, the first LP release on United Family Music, would be dropping on April 21, 2015.

Krown Power Era (2015–2016).

In early April 2015, KMK announced that the new tentative release date for Krown Power was set for June 2015, and that the album will be available for pre-order on April 20, 2015. A single and the accompanying video would be released each month leading up to the release of the album; the debut single/music video was "Ganja Glow".  In August 2015, DJ Bobby B announced on Instagram that he and the band have parted ways after working together for 19 years.  On August 28, 2015 Kottonmouth Kings released their 13th studio album and their 30th overall album titled Krown Power. On November 21, 2015 it was announced that KMK was set to release a new album in 2016 titled Ganja Farm with Marlon Asher and original KMK member Saint Dog.

Hiatus (2016-2017).

After the 20th anniversary tour and the tour to promote Krown Power, the group quietly went on hiatus with no announcement. On July 31, 2017, D-Loc announced that the Kottonmouth Kings may still perform as a group at certain shows in the future.

Reunion.

It was announced in December 2017 that D-Loc and Richter reunited to reform Kingspade. On January 21, 2018 Daddy X sent out a newsletter via United Family Music hinting at KMK returning in 2018. On January 31, 2018 Kingspade announced via Instagram that new music was set to be released on March 1, 2018 through the Kingmaker Company. On March 1, 2018 a music video for the Kingspade song "Who We" was released. In the video it was announced that Kingspade would release a full-length album in the summer of 2018 and Kottonmouth Kings would be releasing a new album titled "Kingdom Come" on April 20, 2018. Kottonmouth Kings came back in 2018 when original founding members D-Loc and Johnny Richter, along with Saint Dog on multiple features, released the album “Kingdom Come.” The current lineup features D-Loc, Richter, and DJ Product 1969

Kingdom Come Era (2018).

Kottonmouth Kings is an American hip hop group from Placentia, Orange County, California. The band officially formed in 1996, describing their eclectic sound as "psychedelic hip-hop punk rock". The group's original lineup consisted of D-Loc, Saint Dog, and Johnny Richter. The group has since returned to their original lineup.


Transportation.

There are two highways that pass through Parker. From the east, PA 268 goes right through downtown, then proceeds north towards Foxburg, and Emlenton. There is also an intersection with PA 368 at the Parker Bridge.  The Allegheny River, at this point is not used to transport goods and materials, but is still a navigable waterway for boating. The first lock (Allegheny River Lock and Dam No. 9) is located south of Parker, just past the borough of East Brady.

Geography.

Parker is located at (41.094151, −79.682771).  According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of, all of it land.

Surrounding and adjacent neighborhoods.

Parker has two land borders with the townships of Hovey to the north and Perry to the south. Across the Allegheny River to the east, Parker runs adjacent with Clarion County's Perry Township with a direct connection via Parker Bridge.

Demographics.

As of the census of 2000, there were 799 people, 309 households, and 221 families residing in the city. The population density was 728.6 people per square mile (280.5/km2). There were 356 housing units at an average density of 324.6 per square mile (125.0/km2). The racial makeup of the city was 98.12% White and 1.88% African American.  There were 309 households, out of which 32.4% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 58.9% were married couples living together, 8.7% had a female householder with no husband present, and 28.2% were non-families. 25.2% of all households were made up of individuals, and 15.9% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.59 and the average family size was 3.09.  In the city, the population was spread out, with 26.0% under the age of 18, 10.1% from 18 to 24, 26.0% from 25 to 44, 21.2% from 45 to 64, and 16.6% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 36 years. For every 100 females, there were 95.4 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 89.4 males.  The median income for a household in the city was $29,844, and the median income for a family was $35,250. Males had a median income of $28,750 versus $21,875 for females. The per capita income for the city was $14,627. About 10.2% of families and 9.8% of the population were below the poverty line, including 9.7% of those under age 18 and 9.0% of those age 65 or over.

History.

A post office called Parker's Landing was established in 1871. In 1894 its name was changed to Parkers Landing and in 1950 the name was changed to Parker. It remains in operation to the present. Parker appears in the 1876 Atlas of Armstrong County, Pennsylvania.

Parker is a city located in Armstrong County, Pennsylvania, United States. It is in the extreme northwestern portion of the county. The population was 840 at the 2010 census. The city was named for Judge John Parker, a lead surveyor of Lawrenceburg and founder/owner of Parker's Landing, the two villages combined to create Parker.


History.

In 1896, pianist Marian MacDowell bought Hillcrest Farm in Peterborough, New Hampshire, as a summer residence for herself and her husband, composer Edward MacDowell. She had always been careful to give him a quiet room for his work. They found that the New Hampshire landscape enhanced his work of composing music.  The couple formulated a plan to provide an interdisciplinary experience in a nurturing landscape, by creating an institutionalized residential art colony in the area. In 1904, Edward MacDowell began to show signs of an illness that ended his composing and teaching career. He died in 1908.  In 1907, Marian MacDowell deeded their farm to the Edward MacDowell Association and founded the MacDowell Colony. The first guests arrived that year: sisters Helen Farnsworth Mears, a sculptor, and Mary Mears, a writer. Mears wrote about the colony for The Craftsman in July 1909. MacDowell began by inviting applicants personally, but by the 1920s had consigned the admission process to a committee.  Marian and friends raised funds among a wide variety of people for the colony, which was supported by industrialist and philanthropist Andrew Carnegie, former U.S. President Grover Cleveland, financier J. P. Morgan, other prominent people, as well as many others across the country. MacDowell said the most consistent support came from women's clubs and professional music sororities (see, for example, the MacDowell Club of New York). At the age of 50, MacDowell began lecturing to women's groups to raise funds, resumed her performing career, and became a noted interpreter of her husband's work.  By 1918, 31 of Isabelle Sprague Smith's students funded the creation of the Isabelle D. Sprague Smith studio. Through the years more separate studios were built. The program continues in 32 studios scattered over of land.  On March 13,2020, the colony shut in the face of the COVID-19 outbreak and sent artists and fellows home. It was the first time the colony shut since the 1938 New England hurricane.

Medal Day.

Every year, the colony presents the Edward MacDowell Medal to an artist who has made a significant cultural contribution. Residency at the colony is not a requirement. In 2019, the 60th Medal will be awarded to a visual artist. Medal Day is one of the rare occasions when the colony is open to the public. The ceremony includes a keynote speech, after which the artists open their studios to visitors.

Property-tax exemption dispute.

The colony, a non-profit organization, enjoys the status of a charity, entitling it to exemption from local property taxes, among other things. However, in 2005, the town of Peterborough's selectmen (local-government executives) decided to challenge MacDowell's charitable status and billed the colony for a "payment in lieu of taxes". A lawyer for the town argued that "the colony certainly benefits its artists-in-residence, but that doesn't strike us as being the general public."  The colony's board of directors paid the bill, then successfully challenged the charge. A 2007 Superior Court opinion found that the MacDowell Colony, by promoting the arts, was a charitable institution, a ruling that was upheld by the New Hampshire Supreme Court in a subsequent appeal. The appeal court found that "Contrary to the Town's assertions, MacDowell's articles of incorporation oblige it to use its property for its stated charitable purpose."

Awards.

In 1962, the colony was designated a National Historic Landmark.  In 1997, the colony was awarded the National Medal of Arts.

The MacDowell Colony is an artists' colony in Peterborough, New Hampshire, United States, founded in 1907 by composer Edward MacDowell and his wife, pianist and philanthropist Marian MacDowell. After he died in 1908, Marian forged ahead, establishing the Colony through a nonprofit association in honor of her husband, raising funds to transform her farm into a quiet retreat for creative artists to work. She led the colony for almost 25 years.


Plot.

Janie Sawyer, an American teenager, is forced to live in Moscow because of her father's job. Janie is trying to escape her lonely life in Moscow through her deep love of music and the internet. Janie and Lana Starkova meet on a fansite for the pop-band t.A.T.u. Trapped in a small Russian town, Lana wants desperately nothing more than to flee her mundane life causing the two girls to develop an instant connection through their love of t.A.T.u.'s music. The two girls adapt one of Lana's poems into a song and post it on the internet. t.A.T.u.'s manager hears the song being played by a corrupt music producer and he loves it. He later contacts the girls, instead of the producer, hoping they will allow t.A.T.u. to record the song without the producer. Janie and Lana's relationship then becomes the catalyst for a series of adventures through both the rock bottom and highlights of Moscow's society.

Production.

The film was first announced in October 2006 by Yulia Volkova during a press conference in Paris, who said at the time: "The script has already been written and now some questions on shooting are being considered." Aleksey Mitrofanov, the author of the novel on which the film is based, is playing a large part in the production of the film, as are t.A.T.u. The group will not be playing Janie and Lana in the film, but will play themselves. Prior to its release, Lena Katina and Julia Volkova (t.A.T.u.) stated that they believed "You and I" to be "scandalous". The girls continued on to say that the film did not deal with the "love and roses" (over-sentimentality, "cheesiness") often found in romantic dramas, and instead, it focused on the real scandal and hardships that come along with relationships.  Mitrofanov has mentioned that in selecting a director, they looked for one who knew the international market well, as they planned to release the film internationally. They turned to American production companies, and an English director, Roland Joffé, was chosen because of his Oscar-winning credentials. It was filmed in Moscow (stage nine of the Mosfilm building), Yaroslavl, and in Los Angeles, California; the story is based in Russia, mainly Moscow.  Filming was scheduled to end on 14 August 2007 and editing began soon after. Mischa Barton was a no-show at the Cannes premiere of the film and didn't show up for promotion in London. The director, award-winning Roland Joffé, shockingly, told BBC Radio 1 host Natalie Jamieson: "She hasn't pulled out of interviews, she's pulled out of everything... Her room is here, she is here, but trying to get the two together has just been impossible. We just don't know where Mischa is."  In a June 2009 interview with the "Mail on Sunday", Barton dispelled previous claims that she was dissatisfied with the project. She remarked, "I did a film about t.A.T.u., the Russian girl band, and that was interesting. This whole corrupt Russian music industry formed this fake-lesbian band. It's an odd story, but a fascinating one."

Reception.

Release and marketing.

"You And I" has been pushed-back severely, but was eventually announced for releases. The film premiered at the 61st Cannes Film Festival in May 2008. On 25 January 2011 "You And I" premiered in Moscow, Russia. Mischa Barton, the lead actress of the film, decided to show up alongside t.A.T.u. to promote the film. The other lead, Shantel VanSanten, was reported to have been too busy to make an appearance at the premiere. On 16 October 2007, the official t.A.T.u. blog released a preview featuring clips from the film.  On 31 January 2012, "You and I" was released direct-to-dvd in the United States. Then in June 2012, "You and I" was released on DVD in Australia and New Zealand.

Critical.

"You and I" was not screened for most mainstream film critics, however overall, "You and I" received mixed reviews from most film critics. It currently has no approval rating on the review aggregator website Rotten Tomatoes, based on one review. Josh Bell from "Filmcritic.com" gave it a mixed review, as he said "Already a somewhat fascinating (if also tiresome) time capsule of forgotten pop culture less than five years after it finished production." "DvdVerdict" gave it a mixed review, as he felt ""You and I" may flirt with some saucy, scandalous issues, but it ends up being as provocative as a revue at a retirement home. One imagines the elderly being more entertaining, however" and concluded saying "Guilty. Pop culture claptrap disguised as dramatic relevance."  World-L.com gave it a more detailed, yet mixed review. He praised the actors, describing them as "good". However, he felt the storyline and production was unusual, as he said "In itself, the movie is not bad and lay, no, it's more complicated." He praised Barton and VanSanten, whom he described as "very good", but described the screenplay: "what is present in their memories but rather the very rough draft screenplay that talks about everything and nothing is wrong and the bottom of things."

You and I (; also known by its working title, Finding t.A.T.u.) is a 2008 drama film directed by Roland Joffé depicting a fictionalised version of real events adapted from the novel "t.A.T.u. Come Back". The film features Mischa Barton, Anton Yelchin, Charlie Creed-Miles, Helena Mattsson, Alexander Kaluzhsky, Bronson Pinchot and Shantel VanSanten. The film is about a teenage girl, Lana, who moves from a rural town in Russia to Moscow, completely unaware that meeting an internet girlfriend, Janie, will result in a string of adventures.


Plot summary.

The book begins during the construction of Redwall Abbey, when a roving female hedgehog named Trimp visits the abbey and sings a song to help the workers lifting a beam. Martin the Warrior recognises his father, Luke the Warrior, mentioned in the lyrics and asks Trimp more about him. He decides to go on a quest to learn more about his father. Martin, Gonff the Mousethief, Dinny, and Trimp befriend an orphaned woodlander squirrel named Chugger, the bird Krar Woodwatcher, as well as two brother otters, Folgrim (who is very close to becoming feral, having filed his teeth to points, and even eating vermin after he kills them) and his older brother Tungro. When they reach the northlands, Martin meets his father's friends: the old mouse, Vurg, and Beauclair Fethringsol Cosfortingham, an exuberant old hare. They show him a book titled "In the Wake of the Red Ship", an account of Luke's life. The plot then flashes back to Martin's birth to Luke and Sayna. Luke was the leader of a tribe of mice who lived an idyllic life for many seasons until Vilu Daskar, the murderous captain of the pirate ship "Goreleech", attacked the settlement and killed Sayna, as well as many others with his Sea Rogues. Luke vowed revenge upon Daskar and soon had an opportunity when Reynard Chopsnout, master of the "Greenhawk", sailed in, hoping to fix his broken vessel. Luke and his tribe slew Chopsnout and his crew and captured the ship. Together with Vurg, Beau, and others, they sailed off. Martin, now older, wished to accompany his father, but Luke declined, giving Martin his sword, and the chance to name the ship, which he dubbed "Sayna".  The account of Luke's life contains the scene where Luke gives his sword to his son. The same scene occurs in the beginning of "Martin the Warrior", when Martin receives a flashback of his childhood, as he was captured and put out for the seagulls by Badrang the Tyrant. Therefore, the events in part two of "The Legend of Luke" occurred around the same time as "Martin the Warrior".  At one point, Beau was believed to be dead, but survived. Luke, however, was captured and forced into slavery by Daskar when the "Sayna" was destroyed. He befriended a black squirrel, Ranguvar Foeseeker, who also wanted her revenge. Luke was quite a bit like his son. For instance, he threatened to strangle the slavedriver; similarly, Martin tried to choke a Marshank hordebeast with the creature's own whip. Luke was able to convince Daskar that he knew the location of a hidden treasure that only he could steer to. Vurg and Beau sneaked aboard to free the slaves as Ranguvar and Luke killed foebeasts. Initially planning to run the ship aground where his tribe could join the fight to take the ship, upon realising his tribe had abandoned the area, Luke ordered the slaves to take the ship, trapped Daskar at one end of the ship, then smashed it against two rocks, breaking it. The ship's stern sinks instantly and Luke, Ranguvar, Daskar, and much of the vermin crew upon it were drowned. The bow becomes stuck between the two rocks and the surviving vermin are massacred by the liberated slaves.  Beau and Vurg presented Martin with a tapestry of his ancestor, which looked a lot like Martin himself. They returned to Redwall, and Martin allegedly chose to put down his sword and live a life of peace. The tapestry Martin received was later made into part of the large tapestry that hangs in the Abbey throughout the Redwall series.

The Legend of Luke is a fantasy novel by Brian Jacques, published in 1999. It is the 12th book and fourth chronologically in the "Redwall" series.


Preparation and properties.

TBAF can be prepared by passing hydrofluoric acid thorugh an ion-exchange resin, followed by tetrabutylammonium bromide. Upon evaporation of the water, TBAF can be collected as an oil in quantitative yield.  Preparing anhydrous samples is of interest as the basicity of fluoride increases by more than 20 p"K" units on passing from aqueous to aprotic solvent. However, heating samples of the hydrated material to 77 °C under vacuum causes decomposition to the hydrogen difluoride salt. Similarly, samples dried at 40 °C under high vacuum still contain 0.1-0.3 mol% of water and some 10% of difluoride. Instead, anhydrous TBAF has been prepared by the reaction of hexafluorobenzene and tetrabutylammonium cyanide. Solutions of the salt in acetonitrile and dimethyl sulfoxide are stable.

Reactions and uses.

Because the fluoride ion is such a strong hydrogen bond acceptor, its salts tend to be hydrated and of limited solubility in organic solvents. As a fluoride ion source, TBAF solves this problem, although the nature of the fluoride is uncertain because TBAF samples are almost always hydrated, resulting in the formation of bifluoride (HF) hydroxide (OH) as well as fluoride. Many applications tolerate heterogeneous or ill-defined fluoride sources.  As a fluoride source in organic solvents, TBAF is used to remove silyl ether protecting groups. It is also used as a phase transfer catalyst and as a mild base. As a deprotecting agent, TBAF in DMSO will convert O-silylated enolates into carbonyls. With C-Si bonds, TBAF gives carbanions that can be trapped with electrophiles or undergo protonolysis.

Tetra-"n"-butylammonium fluoride, commonly abbreviated to TBAF and "n"-BuNF, is a quaternary ammonium salt with the chemical formula (CHCHCHCH)NF. It is commercially available as the white solid trihydrate and as a solution in tetrahydrofuran. TBAF is used as a source of fluoride ion in organic solvents.


Definition.

The support function formula_3 of a non-empty closed convex set "A" in formula_1 is given by formula_6; see. Its interpretation is most intuitive when "x" is a unit vector: by definition, "A" is contained in the closed half space and there is at least one point of "A" in the boundary of this half space. The hyperplane "H"("x") is therefore called a "supporting hyperplane" with "exterior" (or "outer") unit normal vector "x". The word "exterior" is important here, as the orientation of "x" plays a role, the set "H"("x") is in general different from "H"(-"x"). Now "h" is the (signed) distance of "H"("x") from the origin.

Examples.

The support function of a singleton "A"={"a"} is formula_9.  The support function of the Euclidean unit ball "B" is formula_10.  If "A" is a line segment through the origin with endpoints -"a" and "a" then formula_11.

Properties.

As a function of "x".

The support function of a "compact" convex set is real valued and continuous, but if the set is unbounded, its support function is extended real valued (it takes the value formula_12). As any nonempty closed convex set is the intersection of its supporting half spaces, the function "h" determines "A" uniquely. This can be used to describe certain geometric properties of convex sets analytically. For instance, a set "A" is point symmetric with respect to the origin if and only "h" is an even function.  In general, the support function is not differentiable. However, directional derivatives exist and yield support functions of support sets. If "A" is "compact" and convex, and "h"'("u";"x") denotes the directional derivative of "h" at "u" ≠ "0" in direction "x", we have Here "H"("u") is the supporting hyperplane of "A" with exterior normal vector "u", defined above. If "A" ∩ "H"("u") is a singleton {"y"}, say, it follows that the support function is differentiable at "u" and its gradient coincides with "y". Conversely, if "h" is differentiable at "u", then "A" ∩ "H"("u") is a singleton. Hence "h" is differentiable at all points "u" ≠ "0" if and only if "A" is "strictly convex" (the boundary of "A" does not contain any line segments).  It follows directly from its definition that the support function is positive homogeneous: and subadditive: It follows that "h" is a convex function. It is crucial in convex geometry that these properties characterize support functions: Any positive homogeneous, convex, real valued function on formula_1 is the support function of a nonempty compact convex set. Several proofs are known one is using the fact that the Legendre transform of a positive homogeneous, convex, real valued function is the (convex) indicator function of a compact convex set.  Many authors restrict the support function to the Euclidean unit sphere and consider it as a function on "S". The homogeneity property shows that this restriction determines the support function on formula_1, as defined above.

As a function of "A".

The support functions of a dilated or translated set are closely related to the original set "A": and The latter generalises to where "A" + "B" denotes the Minkowski sum: The Hausdorff distance of two nonempty compact convex sets "A" and "B" can be expressed in terms of support functions, where, on the right hand side, the uniform norm on the unit sphere is used.  The properties of the support function as a function of the set "A" are sometimes summarized in saying that formula_23:"A" formula_24 "h" maps the family of non-empty compact convex sets to the cone of all real-valued continuous functions on the sphere whose positive homogeneous extension is convex. Abusing terminology slightly, formula_23 is sometimes called "linear", as it respects Minkowski addition, although it is not defined on a linear space, but rather on an (abstract) convex cone of nonempty compact convex sets. The mapping formula_23 is an isometry between this cone, endowed with the Hausdorff metric, and a subcone of the family of continuous functions on "S" with the uniform norm.

Variants.

In contrast to the above, support functions are sometimes defined on the boundary of "A" rather than on "S", under the assumption that there exists a unique exterior unit normal at each boundary point. Convexity is not needed for the definition. For an oriented regular surface, "M", with a unit normal vector, "N", defined everywhere on its surface, the support function is then defined by In other words, for any formula_28, this support function gives the signed distance of the unique hyperplane that touches "M" in "x".

In mathematics, the support function "h" of a non-empty closed convex set "A" in formula_1 describes the (signed) distances of supporting hyperplanes of "A" from the origin. The support function is a convex function on formula_1. Any non-empty closed convex set "A" is uniquely determined by "h". Furthermore, the support function, as a function of the set "A", is compatible with many natural geometric operations, like scaling, translation, rotation and Minkowski addition. Due to these properties, the support function is one of the most central basic concepts in convex geometry.


Recording and release.

The band entered Next Level Studios and Complex Studios in Los Angeles, California, to record "The Way of the Fist". The album was recorded with Stevo "Shotgun" Bruno (Mötley Crüe, Prong) and Mike Sarkisyan (Spineshank) and was mixed by former Machine Head and Soulfly guitarist Logan Mader. Shortly after, they signed a deal with Firm Music, a branch of "The Firm". It was released on July 31, 2007, selling 5,400 copies in its first week of release to debut at No. 199 on the "Billboard" 200 chart and peaked at No. 107. The album sold an additional 1,400 copies in digital downloads its first week of release.

Reissues.

2008 reissue.

On May 13, 2008, "The Way of the Fist" was re-released. The re-release contained three new bonus tracks, "Never Enough", "Stranger than Fiction", and an acoustic version of "The Bleeding". The three songs could also be obtained on the band's website by anyone who had purchased a copy of the original release of the album.

"Iron Fist" edition.

On November 22, 2010, the album was reissued again as a deluxe box set entitled "The Way of The Fist: Iron Fist Edition". This version features new artwork, a documentary DVD, "The Legend of The Fist Vol. 1", music videos for "The Bleeding", "Never Enough" and "The Way of the Fist", a bonus CD with 11 B-sides and rarities, trading cards, and an exclusive poster and calendar. One of the tracks on disc two "From Out of Nowhere" was originally played live. They later recorded it and released it on the second disc.

Singles.

Three singles were released from the album, "The Bleeding", "Never Enough", and "Stranger than Fiction".

The Way of the Fist is the debut studio album by American heavy metal band Five Finger Death Punch, released on July 31, 2007. The album sold 3,800 copies in its first week of release. "The Way of the Fist" made its "Billboard" 200 debut on August 18, 2007 at No. 199 and peaked at No. 107. It has been certified gold for selling in excess of 500,000 copies as of April 1, 2010. This is the band's only release with guitarist Darrell Roberts.


Bands and style.

Special guests.

On a nearly annual basis, big-name guests are occasionally brought onto the tour as temporary replacements for the main acts who are forced to cancel a few dates. The first such occurrence was in 2009, when Mushroomhead performed instead of Bullet for My Valentine for three tour dates while they appeared at the European festival Wacken Open Air. In 2010, Avenged Sevenfold was added as an extra performer for two dates only, one of which was on the release date of their fifth album "Nightmare". In 2011, Dethklok filled in for Megadeth on the festival's first day, while Testament replaced In Flames on the first two tour dates.

Stages and events.

The festival has featured three separate stages each year since the time of its inception: the Main Stage, the Jägermeister Stage, and the third stage that has gone through sponsorship changes. It was known as the Hot Topic Stage from 2008–2009. Silver Star briefly replaced the Hot Topic sponsorship in 2010, while "Revolver" sponsored the stage for 2011. Sumerian Records took over sponsorship in 2012 and 2013 and a fourth stage has been added on the 2013 festival sponsored by Musicians Institute The Main Stage features four bands each year, while the side stages typically feature four or five each. A large selection of Battle of the Bands winners are chosen to open the Jägermeister Stage upon the various dates each year, one per venue.  Each year the festival has the Metal Mulisha as a side attraction for the fans to watch. Most bands that participate on the tour have a public meet-and-greet at scheduled times throughout the day, upon each tour date. Rockstar Energy Drink, the festival's most prominent sponsor, allows fans to enjoy numerous free samples of its new products every year.  For a list of lineups by year, see List of Mayhem Festival lineups by year.

The Mayhem Festival is a touring heavy metal festival that took place during the summer. The inaugural season took place in 2008; the festival has since become an annual event across the United States. Most years also include a single date in either Montreal or Toronto, Canada. The tour has been sponsored by the Rockstar Energy Company since the time of its inception. It was assembled by Vans Warped Tour founder Kevin Lyman and John Reese (who was Lyman's partner on the Taste of Chaos tour). On August 2, 2015, Reese confirmed that the 2015 staple of the festival would be the last one. On November 30, 2019, a post to the festival's Instagram account confirmed the festival's return in 2020. However, due to the worldwide COVID-19 pandemic, the festival was postponed to 2021.