Founding.

The company name is a combination of those of its founders, former Marvel Comics production manager Sol Brodsky ("Sky") and low-budget entrepreneur Israel Waldman ("wald"), whose I. W. Publications (also known as Super Comics) in the late 1950s and early 1960s published unauthorized comic book reprints for sale through grocery and discount stores. Skywald was based in New York City. Brodsky, who also served as editor, brought in Al Hewetson – briefly an assistant to Marvel chief Stan Lee and a freelancer for the Warren Publishing horror magazines and others – as a freelance writer. "Archaic Al", as he later jokingly called himself in print, quickly became the associate editor, and when Brodsky returned to Marvel after a few months, Hewetson succeeded him as editor. Hewetson, aiming at a more literary bent than the work of industry leader Warren Publishing, developed what he called "the Horror-Mood" and sought to evoke the feel of such writers as Poe, H. P. Lovecraft and Kafka.  Comics professionals who produced work for the Skywald magazines include writers T. Casey Brennan, Gerry Conway, Steve Englehart, Gardner Fox, Doug Moench, Dave Sim, Len Wein, and Marv Wolfman, and artists Rich Buckler, Gene Day Vince Colletta, Bill Everett, Bruce Jones, Pablo Marcos, Syd Shores, Chic Stone, and Tom Sutton. Many who also contributed to rival Warren employed pseudonyms. Future industry star John Byrne published his first professional story, a two-pager written by editor Hewetson, in Skywald's "Nightmare" #20 (Aug. 1974).  In an unusual arrangement, Hewetson managed editorial from his home in St. Catharines, Ontario, Canada, though the publisher was based in Manhattan. As he described in 1973,

Non-horror magazines.

Skywald also produced two issues of the magazine "Hell-Rider" (Aug. and Oct. 1971), featuring a vigilante motorcyclist with a flamethrower-equipped bike. The character was created by Gary Friedrich (who would go on to co-create the Marvel motorcyclist "Ghost Rider") and penciler Ross Andru. Backup features were "The Butterfly" and "The Wild Bunch", both written by Friedrich, with art credits disputed by different sources for issue #1; the second-issue "Butterfly" story is credited to penciler Syd Shores and inker Esposito, the second "Wild Bunch" to penciler-inker Rich Buckler.  Another two-issue title, "The Crime Machine", consisted solely of comic-book crime fiction reprints from the 1950s. A remaining title, "Science Fiction Odyssey", was planned for September 1971 publication, but withdrawn; some of its stories eventually appeared in the horror magazines.  The company also published a small number of magazines unrelated to horror or comics. Among these was "Judy Garland" (1970), a "special tribute issue". Hewetson said in 1973, "We produced, when this company began, a production called "The Judy Garland Book" which is the most threatening thing which ever happened to our company. We printed far too many copies and we sold maybe four or five. We lost a lot of money."  Skywald published two issues of the men's adventure title "King: The Magazine for the Man's Man" in 1971; the first issue featured a Harry Rosenbaum cover and interior illustration by Boris Vallejo.

Comic books.

The short-lived color comic-book line, edited by Brodsky, comprised the Western titles "Blazing Six-Guns", "The Bravados", "Butch Cassidy", "The Sundance Kid", and "Wild Western Action"; the romance title "Tender Love Stories"; the horror series "The Heap"; and "Jungle Adventures". These all were combinations of new material and reprints. Contributors, in addition to some of those noted above, included Dick Ayers, Mike Friedrich, Jack Katz, John Severin, and John Tartaglione. Notably, "The Sundance Kid" #1–2 (June–July 1971) contained Jack Kirby Western reprints from "Bullseye" #2–3 (Oct. and Dec. 1954). None of the comics lasted more than three issues, except the romance comic "Tender Love Stories", which ran four.  "The color comics, more or less, broke even," Hewetson said in 1973. "I think we could've continued with them to try and establish a color comics area, except for the fact that, at the very same time as Skywald began the color comics, National and Marvel were engaged in a price war which hurt just about everybody."

Demise.

Editor Al Hewetson, in an interview given shortly before his death of a heart attack on January 6, 2004, asserted the demise of Skywald was caused by

Skywald Publications was an American publisher of black-and-white comics magazines, primarily the horror anthologies "Nightmare", "Psycho", and "Scream". It also published a small line of comic books and other genre magazines.


Personal life.

Hugues Mulliez was born in Paris, France, on 7 August 1975. He is the son of Stéphane Mulliez, creator of Picwic, the grand-nephew of the Auchan group's northern founder, Gérard Mulliez, and the grandson of Francis Mulliez who participated in the establishment of the AFM association. The Mulliez Family Association (AFM) was created in 1955. Its goal was to maintain patriarch's heritage intact and distribute it to 11 children in an equitable manner.  The Mulliez group brings together retail chains in the large food retail, fast food, fashion and sports sectors in France. Auchan, Kiloutou, Decathlon, Leroy Merlin, Kiabi, Flunch, are some of the companies controlled by The Mulliez Family Association.  Hugues Mulliez presently lives in Belgium.

Career.

Hugues Mulliez was born into a family of entrepreneurs. He created his first company at the age of 21, then sold it three years later.

Leroy Merlin, Blanche Porte, 3 Suisses, Auchan.

From 1993 to 1996, Hugues Mulliez served as a salesman at Leroy Merlin, purchasing control trainee at La Blanche Porte and Aux 3 Suisses, and then head of fruit and vegetable department at Auchan.

Net Player Games.

In 1996, Hugues Mulliez founded Net Player Games in Lille, France. The company developed network games and assembled PCs.

Youg’s.

In 1999, Hugues Mulliez created Youg's. In 2000, he opened the first Youg's store in Flers. Youg's was a retailer which distributed IT and digital products. The 3 stores were located in the North of France and the South of Paris, with approximately 100 employees.

Surcouf.

The first Surcouf store was created in 1992 by Olivier Dewavrin and Hervé Collin. Surcouf became a subsidiary of Fnac in April 2001 when it was bought by the PPR group. PPR Group develops a portfolio of high-growth global brands.  In 2009, Hugues Mulliez purchased Surcouf from the PPR Group. Youg's was merged and applied to the management of Surcouf. Hugues Mulliez served as the President and CEO.

Telecel Group.

Telecel Global was founded in 2007. The firm offers wireless telecommunication services, and was formerly known as Exxon Telecom. Offices are located in South Africa, United Kingdom, and Lebanon.  Telecel Group is major player in Africa. Hugues Mulliez serves as the Group Chairman at Telecel. Hugues Mulliez, along with his business partners Nicolas Bourg, Mohamad Damush, and Laurent Foucher, launched Africa Startup Initiative Program in 2019, as part of Telecel Group's CSR programs.

Boards.

Hugues Mulliez serves on the following board:

Hugues Stephane Bernard Mulliez (born 7 August 1975) is a French business entrepreneur. He is presently Group Chairman at Telecel Group and the person in charge of its M-commerce service. He is former founder of Net Player Games, founder and Chairman of Youg's, President and CEO of Surcouf and founder of Progressy société.


Early life and education.

Born in Rapid City, South Dakota, on April 13, 1954, Jackels frequently moved as a child of a military family from Wyoming to Spain to California before settling in Nebraska to complete his secondary studies. He reports that as a young man he renounced Christianity in favor of Buddhism, but returned to Catholic practice after reading a Bible given to him by a Protestant co-worker in the dishroom of a country club. Prior to joining Kentucky's St. Pius X Seminary in 1975, Jackels attended the University of Nebraska-Lincoln. Jackels earned his B.A. in philosophy from St. Pius X in 1977. In 1981, he completed his Master's in Theology at Mt. Saint Mary's Seminary, Emmitsburg, Maryland.

Priesthood.

After completing his master's degree, Jackels was ordained a priest for the diocese of Lincoln, Nebraska by Bishop Glennon Patrick Flavin in 1981. His first assignment was serving as the associate pastor of the Cathedral of the Risen Christ, and he also served as a teacher at Pius X High School in Lincoln. From 1982 to 1985, Jackels was assigned to be the associate pastor of St. Thomas Aquinas Parish on the campus of the University of Nebraska, and in addition to his teaching duties at Pius X High School, he also served as the assistant vocations director for the diocese during this period.  In 1985, Jackels embarked on doctoral studies at the Pontifical University of St. Thomas Aquinas ("Angelicum") in Rome, earning his doctorate in Sacred Theology in 1989. His dissertation was a study of St. Catherine of Siena.  Upon completion of his doctorate, Jackels returned to Lincoln and for the next eight years served as the Diocesan Director of Religious Education, the Diocesan Master of Ceremonies, the Co-Vicar for Religious, and the Chaplain for the School Sisters of Christ the King. In 1994, Pope John Paul II honored Jackels by naming him a Prelate of Honor, earning Jackels the title of Monsignor.  Jackels returned to Rome in 1997 to work for the Congregation for the Doctrine of the Faith under Cardinal Joseph Ratzinger. Pope John Paul II appointed Jackels bishop of Wichita in January, 2005.

Episcopacy.

On April 4, 2005, Jackels was consecrated by Archbishop Joseph Fred Naumann of Kansas City, Kansas. Fabian Bruskewitz of Lincoln, Nebraska, and Thomas J. Olmsted of Phoenix, Arizona served as co-consecrators. Among other bishops in attendance were Bishop Paul Coakley of Salina, Kansas; Bishop Ronald Gilmore of Dodge City, Kansas; and Eugene Gerber, bishop emeritus of Wichita. Because of the size of the crowd in attendance and the small size of the Cathedral of the Immaculate Conception, Jackels' consecration took place at the larger Church of the Magdalen.

Bishop of Wichita.

Bishop Jackels joined the other three Kansas bishops in approving a pastoral letter opposing embryonic stem cell research. He has spoken against same-sex marriage and abortion, as well. He also opposes the death penalty and has written in the diocesan newspaper, "Advance", in favor of what he views as more just immigration laws. He also voted to approve language changes in the Mass to bring the English translation into a better accord with the original Latin at the June 2006 meetings of the USCCB in Los Angeles.  In areas outside of doctrine, he is active in promoting Catholic education, and helped to establish the Drexel Fund which calls for donations to help financially strapped Catholic schools within the diocese. The diocese has 48 seminarians, one of the highest numbers of seminarians per capita of diocesan Catholics in the United States.  On May 30, 2008, Jackels served as a co-consecrator to Auxiliary Bishop James D. Conley of Denver, Colorado, who was a priest of the diocese of Wichita prior to his appointment on April 10, 2008. Bishop Jackels joins young Catholics in the annual "March for Life" in Washington, D.C.

Archbishop of Dubuque.

On April 8, 2013, Pope Francis appointed Jackels archbishop of the Archdiocese of Dubuque. He was installed by Archbishop Carlo Maria Vigano, Apostolic Nuncio to the United States, on May 30, 2013 at the Church of the Nativity in Dubuque.

Michael Owen Jackels (born April 13, 1954) is the twelfth bishop and tenth archbishop of Dubuque in the U.S. state of Iowa. He was previously the Bishop of Wichita in Kansas, replacing Bishop Thomas J. Olmsted. Jackels was consecrated bishop at the Church of the Magdalen in Wichita on April 4, 2005.


Early life and family.

Dodington was the eldest son of John Dodington of Dodington, Somerset and his wife Hester Temple, daughter of Sir Peter Temple, 2nd Baronet of Stowe, Buckinghamshire. His grandfather Sir Francis Dodington had been granted in trust the profits of a commissionership of appeals in excise which fell to his son. When Dodington's father died in 1673, Sir Francis' second wife tried to claim these but Dodington's mother counter-claimed and as a result Dodington was appointed to a post on the commission.

Business activities.

Dodington prospered and by 1688 was part owner of four ships. In 1690 he and his partners secured lucrative contracts for supplying clothing to the army. Also, by 1687 he had started to undertake occasional work for the Treasurer of the Navy - and was finally in the service of Admiral Edward Russell. In 1695, Russell appointed him his paymaster and office manager, as a result of which Russell, who became Earl of Orford in 1697, became a powerful patron throughout his career. Dodington was a commissioner for Greenwich Hospital in 1695, commissioner for taking subscriptions to the land bank in 1696 and was appointed trustee for Exchequer bills in 1697. His increasing wealth allowed him to become a significant subscriber under both posts. He married by licence dated 12 February 1697 Eleanor Bull, daughter of Henry Bull MP.

Political career.

In the late 1690s, Dodington became a target of Lord Orford's enemies who smeared him with financial impropriety in his offices, as an indirect attack on his patron. Although he could argue in his own defence and was supported by the Whigs, he lost his offices as paymaster and trustee for exchequer bills, and spent five years sorting out Orford's accounts. At the 1705 general election, he was returned unopposed as Whig Member of Parliament for Winchelsea. Although his father on his death told him to sell the Winchelsea estate, he did not, and so maintained an electoral interest there. In 1706, he was appointed secretary to the English commissioners for the Union with Scotland and became a trustee for a loan to the Emperor. He was Chief Secretary for Ireland from 1707 to 1708 and represented Charlemont in the Irish House of Commons from 1707 to 1713. At the 1708 general election, he was returned again for Winchelsea and also for Bridgwater and chose to sit for Bridgwater. From 1708 to 1710 he was one of the Lords of the Admiralty. He was returned again at Bridgwater in 1710. In 1711 he became a commissioner for taking subscriptions to the South Sea Company. However he was threatened with strong opposition at Bridgwater at the 1713 general election and had himself returned for Winchelsea instead. He became an Irish Privy Councillor in 1714 and Clerk of the Pells for Ireland in 1715.  At the 1715 general election, Dodington was returned unopposed as MP for Bridgwater. Also from 1715 he was Lord Lieutenant of Somerset. He became very rich and commissioned Sir John Vanbrugh to design a large mansion to be built on his estate in Eastbury.

Death and legacy.

Dodington died on 28 March 1720 and left his estate to his nephew George Bubb, who assumed the surname of Dodington and commissioned the building of Eastbury Park.

George Dodington (c. 1662 – 28 March 1720) of Eastbury Park, Dorset was a merchant, office holder and Whig politician who sat in the English and British House of Commons from 1705 to 1720, under the patronage of Edward Russell, 1st Earl of Orford.


History.

The venue opened on Monday 26 November 1900 as "The New Grand Theatre of Varieties", with a music hall production featuring many well-known artistes of the time. When the theatre opened it had a capacity of 3,000 and a stage.  The Grand continued to be a successful Music Hall and Variety venue for 40 years. In 1927, the theatre was fitted for cinema use and was known as The Grand Theatre, as it still mainly staged variety shows. From 8 May 1950, The Grand went on to become a full-time cinema after it was purchased by the Essoldo Cinema chain and was renamed Essoldo Cinema. The Essoldo Cinema closed on 31 August 1963 and became the Essoldo Bingo Club on 11 October 1963 which was later taken over by Classic Cinemas who renamed it Vogue Bingo Club. During this time, they built a false ceiling, cutting off the upper parts of the theatre. From 1972 until 1979, Mecca Bingo took over as the final bingo operator. The building remained closed until 1989 when it was bought by The Mean Fiddler group to be transformed into a live music venue. Due to licensing issues the venue did not open until 17 December 1991. During the 10-year closure, the false ceiling was removed and the building was restored and redecorated. Mean Fiddler closed on 20 July 1997 after being mostly unsuccessful as a music venue and was then purchased by pub chain J.D.Wetherspoon. J.D.Wetherspoon were refused a license after a public enquiry but refused to sell the property when actors Corin Redgrave and Vanessa Redgrave put forward plans to restore the building back to its original use.  The Grand is now an independently run venue which functions as a nightclub, live music venue, theatre and event space. Some of the acts to have performed at The Grand in recent years include; The Kinks, Chuck Berry, The Temptations, Siouxsie and the Banshees, Echo and the Bunnymen, Madness, Public Enemy, Jamiroquai, Chipmunk, Paul Weller, Oasis, Muse, Hole, The Verve and Jamie Cullum, The Jam and Brian May.  It was also used as the studio location for the first series of the television show Taskmaster, with subsequent series using a studio set replicating the venue's interior.

The Grand (previously The Grand Theatre) is a Grade II listed building on St Johns Hill, Clapham Junction. It was designed by Earnest Woodrow and was first opened in 1900 as The New Grand Theatre of Varieties.


Academic career.

Ambrazevičius studied literature at the University of Lithuania in Kaunas and the University of Bonn. From 1927 he lectured on Lithuanian literature and folklore in Kaunas. By the end of the 1930s he got involved in numerous organizations for literature teachers and scientists. His major works include "Theory of Literature" ("Literatūros teorija" in 1930), two-volume "A History of World Literature" ("Visoutinė literatūros istorija" in 1931-1932), "Vaižgantas" (in 1936), three-volume "New Readings" ("Naujieji skaitymai"), "Lithuanian Writers" ("Lietuvių rašytojai" in 1938). He also worked on the editorial staff of national daily "Lietuva" ("Lithuania") and Catholic daily "XX amžius" ("The 20th Century"). He would sometimes use pseudonym Servus to write for these newspapers. During World War II he edited an underground periodical "Į laisvę" ("Towards Freedom") which he later revived in Germany and in the United States.

Biography after the 1941 uprising in Lithuania.

It is known that in the summer of 1944 Ambrazevičius left for Germany, and in 1948 for the United States, where he edited a Catholic daily, "Darbininkas", and continued his work in the Supreme Committee for the Liberation of Lithuania in exile. He published a number of leaflets illustrating German and Soviet crimes in Lithuania and the Lithuanian resistance, for example, "In the Name of the Lithuanian People" (1946) and "Appeal to the United Nations on Genocide" (1951). In 1964 he published a book "Alone, all alone" about the Lithuanian armed resistance. The Kremlin actively opposed his activities. In the 1970s he became a subject of interest for the Soviet media and American hunters of Nazi colloborators, who accused him of having worked for the Third Reich. In reply, he published an extensive dossier of his World War II activities.

Grave.

In 2012, Ambrazevičius' remains were transported from the United States to Lithuania and were reburied in the churchyard of Christ's Resurrection Church in Kaunas. During the reburial ceremony of the Juozas Ambrazevičius remains in Kaunas, adviser to Lithuanian Prime Minister Andrius Kubilius claimed that a 1975 investigation by US Immigration found no evidence of Brazaitis being involved in anti-Semitic or pro-Nazi activities. However, according to a subsequent clarification issued in 2019 by the Foreign Affairs Committee of the US Congress, the investigation was not conclusive and did not amount to a "rehabilitation" of Ambrazevičius/Brazaitis. The investigation into his wartime activities was discontinued after Ambrazevičius/Brazaitis passed away in 1974.

Juozas Ambrazevičius or Juozas Brazaitis (December 9, 1903 in Trakiškiai, Marijampolė parish – November 28, 1974 in South Orange, New Jersey), was a Lithuanian literary historian, better known for his political career and nationalistic views. He was the acting Prime Minister of the Provisional Government of Lithuania from June 23, 1941 to August 5, 1941.


Candidates.

This was the last parliamentary by-election in England, Scotland or Wales not contested by an official candidate of either the Liberal Party, the SDP, or their successor party the Liberal Democrats; until the 2008 Haltemprice and Howden by-election. The Social Democrat candidate had no connection to the SDP (which wasn't created until 1981) and achieved the lowest vote for any candidate in a Parliamentary election under universal suffrage, a record later surpassed by the five votes obtained by independent campaigner Bill Boaks in the Glasgow Hillhead by-election of March 1982.  Because there was no official candidate, Liberal Party member Graham Watson offered himself as a candidate sponsored by the Scottish Young Liberals. He later became a Member of the European Parliament and leader of the Alliance of Liberals and Democrats for Europe group in the European Parliament.  As a seat considered safe for Labour, there was little surprise when its candidate Bob McTaggart was declared victor, with 60.8% of the votes cast. Both of his closest rivals were later elected to sit in British parliaments: Gil Paterson, representing the Scottish National Party, was elected as a delegate for Central Scotland in the first sitting of the Scottish Parliament in 1999, while Conservative Anna McCurley won the Renfrew West and Inverclyde seat in the general election of 1983. McCurley was at the time a member of Strathclyde Regional Council, to which she had been elected in 1978, and had unsuccessfully contested West Stirlingshire for the Conservatives at the previous general election.

The 1980 Glasgow Central by-election was a by-election held on 26 June 1980 for the British House of Commons constituency of Glasgow Central, following the death of its sitting MP, Thomas McMillan.


Early life and priesthood.

On July 27, 1945, Roger Joseph Foys was born in Chicago, Illinois. He began his religious studies for the Diocese of Steubenville at St. John Vianney Seminary in Bloomingdale, Ohio, part of the Franciscan University of Steubenville. He completed his graduate studies at The Catholic University of America in Washington, D.C. and the Pontifical Gregorian University in Rome.  Bishop Anthony John King Mussio ordained Foys a priest on May 16, 1973, in Holy Name Cathedral of Steubenville, Ohio. Throughout his years with the Diocese of Steubenville, Foys served as Diocesan Treasurer, Chairman of the Diocesan Presbyteral Council, and Moderator of the Curia. He was appointed Vicar General in 1982 and made a monsignor in 1987. He also taught Canon Law for one year at St. John Vianney Seminary. Pope John Paul II made him a Prelate of Honor in 1986 and a Protonotary Apostolic in 2001.

Episcopal career.

Bishop of Covington.

Foys was appointed Bishop of Covington on May 31, 2002 by Pope John Paul II and was consecrated at the Cathedral Basilica of the Assumption on July 15, 2002.

Sex abuse scandal.

Foys came to the Diocese of Covington as it was in the midst of a class action lawsuit concerning the sexual abuse of minors by over 80 diocesan employees including priests. The lawsuit was filed one day before Foys was appointed by the pope to the See of Covington. The claim was originally for $50 million, but eventually grew to be much more over the years of litigation.  Foys vowed to meet with every victim of abuse who was willing to meet saying, "Those harmed by these shameful, despicable deeds now need the institutional Church and, more importantly, the pastoral Church to provide as much comfort and peace as possible. Our hearts must remain open, like Christ's". He eventually met with over 70 victims of abuse personally and agree to create a system of payment where victims who were abused between 1948 and 1998 could receive compensation while not having to undergo the process of a trial.  The settlement eventually cost the diocese $120 million; $80 million of which came from insurance while $40 million came from the mortgage of diocesan properties (most notably Catholic Center/Marydale property in Erlanger). No parish properties were affected by the settlement. Each victim received between $5,000 and $450,000 depending on the severity of their case. Foys said "While no amount of money can compensate for the atrocities that were committed here, I pray that this settlement will bring victims some measure of peace and healing to victims and their loved ones".

Vocations.

The number of priestly vocations in the Diocese dramatically increased under his tenure. This can possibly be attributed to the fact that the Bishop was a vocation director in Diocese of Steubenville and devotes significant diocesan resources to vocation promotion, including the hiring of a full-time Vocation Promoter (Father Greg Bach) for the Diocese. As of 2013, the diocese had 28 seminarians studying for the priesthood.

"Pater Noster" controversy.

In anticipation of the release of the Third Edition of the Roman Missal and General Instruction of the Roman Missal, Foys issued a decree that discourages the laity from holding hands during the "Pater Noster" (or "Our Father") at the celebration of Mass. The decree states, "Special note should also be made concerning the gesture for the Our Father. Only the priest is given the instruction to "extend" his hands. Neither the deacon nor the lay faithful are instructed to do this. No gesture is prescribed for the lay faithful in the Roman Missal; nor the General Instruction of the Roman Missal, therefore the extending or holding of hands by the faithful should not be performed." The decree caused controversy in the diocese.

Roger Joseph Foys is the tenth bishop of the Roman Catholic Diocese of Covington, in Kentucky, United States. Foys was ordained a priest in 1973 in the Diocese of Steubenville; he served there until he was installed as Bishop of Covington on July 15, 2002.


Cathedral of the Holy Spirit (Bismarck, North Dakota)

History.

The cathedral was the dream of the first bishop of Bismarck, Vincent Wehrle, O.S.B., who had a special devotion to the Holy Spirit and wanted the church to also serve as a shrine to the Holy Spirit. He brought the property in 1917 and hired Milwaukee architect Anton Dohman in 1921 to design the cathedral. He provided two different designs, the first was similar to the church at Assumption Abbey in Richardton, North Dakota. The Great Depression prevented the construction of the cathedral until 1941.  Bismarck's second bishop, Vincent Ryan, hired Fargo architect William F. Kurke, who had helped design the North Dakota Capitol building, to design the new cathedral. His design was similar to Dohman's second design. The groundbreaking for the Art Deco style building was begun in September 1941. The building is composed of monolithic concrete, and is believed to be the only Art Deco-style cathedral in the United States. The church opened in August 1945, but its interior decoration and some of its furnishings were added in later years. A renovation from 1992 to 1993 added a gathering space, which reflects the cathedral's Art Deco style. The cathedral's tall bell tower is a local landmark that is visible from a distance.

Attendant buildings.

In addition to the cathedral, Kurke also designed the nearby Bishop's Residence. The two-story, concrete, Art Deco structure was built at the same time as the cathedral. The grade school was completed in 1951. The two-story building features a flat roof, precast concrete panels, and two horizontal window bands that run about two-thirds of the width of the facade. A school building between the cathedral and the residence was originally part of Kurke's plan, but the long and low building features a more contemporary style that differs from the original plans. The two-story brick convent was completed in 1965, and the two-story rectory in 1969. The rectory's exterior is composed of brick on the first floor and vertical siding on the second floor. The convent now houses the Center for Pastoral Ministry of the Diocese of Bismarck.

The Cathedral of the Holy Spirit is a cathedral and parish church of the Catholic Church located in Bismarck, North Dakota, United States. It is the seat of the Diocese of Bismarck. Since 1980 the cathedral and the nearby Bishop's Residence have been contributing properties in the Bismarck Cathedral Area Historic District on the National Register of Historic Places.


Plot.

Faced with mortgage debts, Professor Nathaniel Billings (Boris Karloff) sells his 18th-century tavern to Winnie Layden (Jeff Donnell), who plans to turn it into a hotel. Billings stipulates as a condition of sale that he is able to continue working in a laboratory in the basement. His housekeeper Amelia Jones (Maude Eburne) and hired hand Ebenezer (George McKay) also continue to work in the inn. Layden is initially unaware of the nature of Billings's experiments in the basement laboratory: he is attempting to use electricity to create a race of superhumans to help the war effort. Layden's ex-husband Bill (Larry Parks) is against the sale, but is too late to stop it, and decides to stay on at the inn for a few days.  One night at dinner, the residents hear the sounds of a ghost. Bill suspects that this is part of a plan to scare the new owner away. While investigating, Bill discovers in the basement the dead body of travelling salesman Johnson (Eddie Laughton), an experiment subject who died shortly after the sale. He reports this discovery to the local sheriff Dr Arthur Lorentz (Peter Lorre). After making inquiries, Lorentz realises the potential for profit and decides to work with Billings on a subsequent experiment. Their initial plan is to use Bill as a test subject, but this proves unsuccessful, so they turn their attention to Maxie, a visiting powder puff salesman (Maxie Rosenbloom).  Before the experiments can begin, one of the inn's guests is murdered. Billings and Lorentz see the primary suspect as another guest, J. Gilbert Brampton (Don Beddoe), but the police officers who set out to investigate are intercepted on the way. Maxie scares away an intruder known as "Jo-Jo" (Frank Puglia), who is intending to steal Billings's equipment. Billings and Lorentz decide to begin their experiment on Maxie so that they can use him to stop "Jo-Jo" from blowing up a nearby munitions plant. Meanwhile, Brampton informs Winnie and Bill that he is visiting as a representative of the Historical Society of America, who are interested in buying the inn.  When the police officers eventually arrive, they arrest the housekeeper and Ebenezer for the murders. The dead bodies come back to life, having apparently been in a state of suspended animation. The police officers decide to send the rest of the house's inhabitants to the Idlewild Sanatorium, a local psychiatric institution.

Production.

"The Boogie Man Will Get You" was the final film that Boris Karloff made under his contract with Columbia, and the studio were hoping to build on the success of the Broadway play "Arsenic and Old Lace", which Karloff was appearing in at the time. Production of the film took place while the play was on hiatus in summer 1942. There are many similarities between the film and "Arsenic and Old Lace", including the presence of eccentric characters and the premise of dead bodies in the basement. As previously with the films he made with Columbia, Karloff was cast in the role of a "mad scientist", as he had been in "The Man They Could Not Hang" (1939), "Before I Hang" (1940), "The Man With Nine Lives" (1940) and "The Devil Commands" (1941). The screenplay was written by Edwin Blum in four weeks, based on a story by Hal Fimberg and Robert B. Hunt, adapted by Paul Gangelin. Although the film is a comedy-horror, Blum described the studio's aims as creating a "goose pimple" film; Blum explained that he "was and still [is] incapable of writing a straight horror film". Before filming began, Jack Fier had been named as the producer, but Colbert Clark took over from him.  Columbia planned a publicity campaign to promote the film, polling film critics to compile a list of the ten best on-screen villains. The studio assumed that Karloff and Lorre would come high on the list, but the top three were all "Disney" characters: the witch from "Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs", the wolf from "Three Little Pigs" and the cat from "Pinocchio". The studio consequently abandoned this publicity idea.

Release and reception.

"The Boogie Man Will Get You" was released in October 1942 to a mixed critical reception. A "Variety" reviewer commented positively on the film, describing it as a "screwball comedy" offering "hearty laughs". According to a reviewer in "Kinematograph Weekly", however, the madness of the characters was "a little too studio to promote spontaneous thrills or laughter". Writing in the "New York Daily News", Kate Cameron stated that "frightening people in theatres takes more ingenuity and adroitness than the authors of this screenplay put into it". The "Monthly Film Bulletin" found the film was "ably produced and directed" and that Karloff and Lorre "manage to sustain the appearance of mental unbalance well" while stating that the film was "a lot of nonsense with a certain amount of humor, bur rather too long-drawn-out."

The Boogie Man Will Get You is a 1942 American comedy horror film directed by Lew Landers and starring Boris Karloff and Peter Lorre. It was the final film Karloff made under his contract with Columbia Pictures, and it was filmed in the wake of his success in the 1941 Broadway production "Arsenic and Old Lace". As he had done several times previously, Karloff played the part of a "mad scientist", Professor Billings, who is using the basement of his inn to conduct experiments into using electricity to create a race of superhumans. The inn is bought by a new owner, who is initially unaware of the work Billings is conducting.


East Penn Township, Carbon County, Pennsylvania

Geography.

The township is located in the southern corner of Carbon County and is bordered by Lehigh County to the south and Schuylkill County to the west. Older USGS topographic maps show the township in a region known as the Mahoning Hills, a geologically chaotic series of hilltops surmounting a long upland more cyclic in altitude than nearby valley bottoms. The township is drained by the Lehigh River, which flows along its northeastern boundary, with the largest tributary in the township being Lizard Creek. The southern boundary of the township follows the crest of Blue Mountain, a prominent ridge that runs across the eastern half of the state and reaches an elevation of in this area. The northern boundary runs near the broader and lower crest of Mahoning Mountain, elevation. The valley floor of the township varies in elevation from. Villages in the township include Ashfield, Germans, and West Bowmans.  According to the United States Census Bureau, the township has a total area of, of which is land and, or 0.59%, is water.  Pennsylvania Route 895 crosses the township from southwest to northeast after crossing the southern tier of Schuylkill County and ends at an interchange with Route 248 across the Lehigh River in Bowmanstown.

Climate.

East Penn has a humid continental climate ("Dfa"/"Dfb") and the hardiness zone is mainly 6a with 6b along the river and in the Lizard Valley along 895. Average monthly temperatures in Ashfield range from 27.6 °F in January to 72.4 °F in July.

Demographics.

As of the census of 2000, there were 2,461 people, 947 households, and 733 families residing in the township. The population density was 109.8 people per square mile (42.4/km2). There were 996 housing units at an average density of 44.4/sq mi (17.2/km2). The racial makeup of the township was 98.82% White, 0.20% African American, 0.12% Native American, 0.20% Asian, 0.45% from other races, and 0.20% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 0.69% of the population.  There were 947 households, out of which 32.7% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 67.1% were married couples living together, 6.3% had a female householder with no husband present, and 22.5% were non-families. 18.3% of all households were made up of individuals, and 7.8% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.59 and the average family size was 2.93.  In the township the population was spread out, with 21.7% under the age of 18, 6.7% from 18 to 24, 30.2% from 25 to 44, 26.4% from 45 to 64, and 15.1% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 41 years. For every 100 females, there were 97.7 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 99.2 males.  The median income for a household in the township was $42,147, and the median income for a family was $47,446. Males had a median income of $32,297 versus $20,459 for females. The per capita income for the township was $17,545. About 1.0% of families and 3.4% of the population were below the poverty line, including 1.4% of those under age 18 and 5.0% of those age 65 or over.

East Penn Township is a rural township in the rough uplands terrain of the eastern Mahoning Hills area of Carbon County, Pennsylvania, United States; it has a complementary or sister township, West Penn Township, directly to the west in Schuylkill County. The township sits between two ridgelines of the Ridge-and-Valley Appalachians, but with multiple hilltops, its terrain is unlike many nearby valley floors between similar ridgelines. The population was 2,881 at the 2010 United States Census, up from 2,461 at the 2000 census.


St. Mary's Catholic Church (Guttenberg, Iowa)

History.

The parish was established in 1851. The parish's first church building was a frame structure built in 1851 on the north side of town. A brick church was constructed two years later and the original frame church was converted into a school. Plans to replace it began in 1865, but disagreements about where to build it doomed the effort. Eventually, it was decided to relocate the parish property and a new stone church was completed in 1874.  The Rev. Joseph Brinkman became the pastor in 1889. He had been instrumental in the construction of the Basilica of St. Francis Xavier in Dyersville, Iowa. Brinkman designed a new school (1894), rectory (1899), and the present church (1904). Parishioners had determined that the school building was too small. The Colonial Revival structure was completed for $8,000, and the old school building was converted into a convent. Soon after the roof of the frame rectory started to deteriorate and it had other problems. A building committee of parishioners decided not to waste money on the old house. The new residence was completed for $3,500. It is a two-story, brick Colonial Revival structure with Italianate influences. The old rectory was moved to a different lot in town.  Complaints about lack of space in church went back as far as 1892. Brinkman suggested adding a side wing onto the 1874 structure, but the parishioners decided a new church was feasible. Groundbreaking took place in 1902 and the church was completed in 1904. The lack of architect fees was a huge savings to the parish in their desire to expand their parish plant. In 1921 a wing was added to the south side of the school building to house, not only increased enrollment, but an expansion to ten grades. Brinkman had planned to build a new convent to replace the aging former school building the Franciscan Sisters continued to occupy, but he died unexpectedly on October 11, 1925. His successor, the Rev. Joseph A. Dupont, set to work immediately to provide an adequate home for the Sisters. This time a trained architect, Carimir Ignatius Krajewski from Dubuque, was chosen to design the new $13,545 Tudor Revival residence that was completed in 1926. The old convent was torn down.  In 1961 a new school building, used in addition to the old school building, was built on the site of the old convent. The high school department was discontinued in 1968, and the Franciscan Sisters of Perpetual Adoration ended their 98 years of service to the parish that same year. The grade school was consolidated with Immaculate Conception School in North Buena Vista, also in 1968.

Architecture.

The church is a Gothic Revival, cross-shaped structure that features twin spires, which flank a tripartite entrance portal. It was originally designed to be built of sandstone. After the stone foundation was completed it was decided to build the structure with bricks that were manufactured in St. Louis, Missouri. The church's dimensions are: long, wide, and at the transept. The church can seat 800 people. The bell towers are high and rise well above any other structure in town.

School.

The church hosts the St. Mary's Catholic School. The school opened in 1853, and it received a two story facility in 1860. In 1894 the current building was constructed at a cost of $5000. Initially a grade school, it received a high school section which had its building constructed in 1921 and in 1925 received accreditation. In 1968, Immaculate Conception School in North Buena Vista merged into St. Mary's and the high school closed.

St. Mary's Catholic Church is a parish of the Archdiocese of Dubuque. The church is located in Guttenberg, Iowa, United States. It is listed on the National Register of Historic Places as St. Mary's Catholic Church Historic District. In addition to the church, the historic district includes the parish rectory, convent, and school building.


Mahoning Township, Carbon County, Pennsylvania

Geography.

The township is in southwestern Carbon County in the valley of Mahoning Creek, a tributary of the Lehigh River. The township is bordered by the borough of Lehighton to the northeast and by Schuylkill County to the southwest. It is situated near the northeastern end of the Mahoning Hills, the mountainous foothills region to the west of the Lehigh River.  According to the United States Census Bureau, the township has a total area of, of which is land and, or 0.48%, is water. It is drained by Mahoning Creek, a tributary of the Lehigh River, which forms parts of the township's eastern boundary. The natural northern boundary with Jim Thorpe and Summit Hill is on the south slope of Mauch Chunk Ridge. Its villages include Dry Tavern, Jamestown, Mahoning Valley (also in West Penn Township, Schuylkill County), New Mahoning, Normal Square, and Packerton.  Mahoning's numbered routes include Pennsylvania Route 443, which crosses from U.S. Route 209 on Lehighton's south side west to Route 309 in South Tamaqua, Schuylkill County, and PA 902, which comes southeast over Mauch Chunk Ridge from US 209 in Lansford and Summit Hill to New Mahoning, then turns east to PA 443 in Lehighton with access to US 209 in downtown via Mahoning Street. 209 proceeds north through the township between Lehighton and Jim Thorpe, although this segment is signed southbound.  The township has varied elevations from in the valleys along Route 443 and 902 and rising to on the top of Mahoning Mountain in the south and on Oriole Hill. The terrain causes the local weather to vary in the winter time from that of the surrounding region. Mahoning Mountain Road is a mile-long hill-climb to a road junction called "Dry Tavern" along a summit of the Mahoning Hills that has many sharp curves and is known throughout the greater Lehighton area as a notorious road in winter time. At the bottom of the mountain it has an elevation of, and at the top it has an elevation of, so it is quite possible for it to be raining at the bottom while having a few inches of snow at the top.

Climate.

Mahoning Township has a humid continental climate ("Dfa"/"Dfb") and the hardiness zone is mainly 6a with 6b found along the river south of Lehighton and in the eastern half of the township near the Mahoning Creek. Average monthly temperatures at Jake Arner Memorial Airport range from 27.8 °F in January to 72.5 °F in July.

Demographics.

As of the census of 2000, there were 3,978 people, 1,543 households, and 1,131 families residing in the township. The population density was 168.5 people per square mile (65.1/km2). There were 1,693 housing units at an average density of 71.7/sq mi (27.7/km2). The racial makeup of the township was 98.27% White, 0.23% African American, 0.40% Native American, 0.45% Asian, 0.08% from other races, and 0.58% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 0.40% of the population.  There were 1,543 households, out of which 27.7% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 59.8% were married couples living together, 8.2% had a female householder with no husband present, and 26.7% were non-families. 22.2% of all households were made up of individuals, and 12.1% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.47 and the average family size was 2.87.  In the township the population was spread out, with 19.8% under the age of 18, 6.4% from 18 to 24, 26.3% from 25 to 44, 26.9% from 45 to 64, and 20.5% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 43 years. For every 100 females, there were 96.5 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 94.9 males.  The median income for a household in the township was $35,212, and the median income for a family was $43,897. Males had a median income of $29,016 versus $20,943 for females. The per capita income for the township was $17,330. About 8.6% of families and 10.5% of the population were below the poverty line, including 15.3% of those under age 18 and 3.0% of those age 65 or over.

Government.

Supervisors:

Commercial activity.

Mahoning Township contains the retail hub of Carbon County. Along a one-mile stretch of Route 443 southwest of Lehighton are located the Carbon Plaza Mall, Walmart, Lowe's, and Aldi. The township also hosts Mahoning Speedway and the private-aviation Jake Arner Memorial Airport.

Mahoning Township is a township in Carbon County, Pennsylvania, United States. The population was 4,305 at the 2010 census, up from 3,978 at the 2000 census.


Football career.

After attending Brazosport High School in Freeport, Texas, Hill went to Rice Institute in Houston, splitting time as quarterback of the Owls with Frank Ryan, who also later played in the NFL. Hill was an AP All-American in 1957, led the Owls to the Southwest Conference title, and played in the Cotton Bowl on New Year's Day.  Hill was the first player selected in the 1958 NFL draft and spent over thirty-five years in professional football as a player, coach, and scout, and also as a key figure in the NFL Players Association. Hill served nine years as the players representative and Vice President of the Players Association in 1968 going through the strike and signing the first collective bargaining contract in pro football.  Hill's accomplishments in the football community include:

Golf and charities.

Always a skilled golfer, Hill never gave up his amateur status and through the years has participated in hundreds of tournaments, as well as being an active participant in the promotion of charitable golf tournaments in Texas and Louisiana. He also assisted in the founding and working of the Ronald McDonald Houses in Texas and Louisiana. Hill also helped with Big Brothers and other children causes in Texas, including the Special Olympics. His golf team won first place in the NFL Alumni Tournament in 1995 and 2001. He placed second in the tournament in 1996.

Death.

Hill died at age 75 in 2012 after a long illness. He is buried at Forest Park Cemetery at The Woodlands.

Stuart King Hill (November 8, 1936 – July 14, 2012) was an American football quarterback in the National Football League who played for the Chicago / St. Louis Cardinals, Philadelphia Eagles, and Minnesota Vikings.


Location.

The neighborhood is in the South Bronx in the southwestern part of the borough, centered on the intersection of Grand Concourse and 161st Street. It is bordered to the west by Highbridge and the Harlem River; to the north by Mount Eden; to the east by Claremont Village, Melrose, and Morrisania; and to the south by Mott Haven.  The neighborhoods follows a street grid with avenues crossing east/west streets. Retail is located on streets, and with the exception of Morris Avenue, the avenues are largely residential above 153rd Street. The neighborhood character is more industrialized along the river with the exception of park space and the Bronx Terminal Market. Other large retail nodes are located on 161st Street and adjacent blocks, at Concourse Plaza. Smaller retail nodes are located on 165th Street and on 167th Street.  The elevation varies from sea level at the Harlem River short to its highest point of elevation of in Franz Sigel Park. In fact, George Washington and his troops utilized some of these elevations during the American Revolutionary War as vantage points to monitor activity along the Harlem River. Elevation can vary quickly with the Grand Concourse 20 feet higher than adjacent avenues in some instances.

History.

Early history.

From European settlement through the late 1800s, the Concourse area occupied wooded lands and rocky formations within and on the periphery of the estate of the prominent Morris family who farmed in what is now Southwest Bronx. Until 1845, the area was part of the Town of Westchester within Westchester County. After the subdivision of the Town of Westchester in 1845, the Concourse area became part of the Town of West Farms. In 1855, West Farms was further subdivided and the Town of Morrisania was created.  With the promise of city services, the Morrisania along with the Towns of West Farms and Kingsbridge seceded from Westchester County to join Manhattan as part of New York County. The three towns were referred to as the "Annexed District". In 1896, the vast majority of what is now the Bronx joined New York County. In 1898 the City of Greater New York and Borough of the Bronx were formed, and all former Westchester County annexations within New York County were reconstituted into the independent County of the Bronx in 1914.

20th century.

Expansion of the subway system enabled rapid development of the Concourse. The first subway crossed under 149th Street into the area in 1906 and is now the IRT White Plains Road Line (). The IRT Jerome Avenue Line opened a decade later in 1917 and spurred enormous development in the area. Concurrent with subway development and inspired by the City Beautiful movement, the New York City built the Grand Boulevard and Concourse (shortened to the Grand Concourse). Modeled after Paris’ Champs-Élysées, the original boulevard stretched from the Bronx Courthouse to near Van Cortlandt Park, but was later extended south to 138th Street by supplanting the existing Mott Avenue. The Grand Concourse was further improved by the extension of the IND Concourse Line () under most of its length in 1933.  Yankee Stadium was built 1923 when Jacob Ruppert moved the team from the Polo Grounds in Manhattan, where the Yankees shared space with the New York Giants, to the Bronx. With the exception of a brief period in the 1970s, the Yankees have been in Concourse for almost 100 years.  Infrastructure and services brought residents. Some of the 500,000 people who moved to the borough in the 1920s lived in the Concourse. The new construction to accommodate those residents was inspired by the City Beautiful movement and the 1901 Tenement House Act, which mandated light, air, and fire protection. This yielded 5- and 6- story multifamily residential buildings throughout the neighborhood built in a variety of styles from Tudor, Renaissance, and Colonial Revival to Art Deco and Art Moderne.  In the late 1930s the Works Progress Administration dubbed the area “the Park Avenue for the Middle Class”, and the area maintained that reputation through the 1950s. The Concourse inspired visits by presidential candidate Franklin D. Roosevelt, Harry S. Truman, and John F. Kennedy. However, after 1960, the area began to decline quickly due to white flight, incentives to move to the suburbs, redlining, the development of Co-Op City, disinvestment by New York City, and arson. While no buildings burned down in the Concourse during the period, the population of the area declined until the 1990s when the population started to rebound.

21st century.

Recent developments in the Concourse include construction and neighborhood improvements, and the neighborhood is gentrifying. The Yankees built a new stadium in 2009. The former stadium was demolished; a large public park—Heritage Field—was established in its place. The Bronx Museum of the Arts undertook a major expansion in 2006, and is currently exploring another addition. The Bronx Hall of Justice opened in 2007. The Bronx Terminal Market opened in 2009 as did the adjacent Mill Pond Park, which includes a Stadium Tennis Center.  In the 2000s, the New York City Department of Transportation started making capital, aesthetic, and safety improvements to the Grand Concourse with much of the work completed within the Concourse neighborhood. A redesign of 161st Street during the 2000 reconstruction of the Grand Concourse brought additional pedestrian space to the neighborhood. In 2011, the New York City Landmarks Preservation Commission designated a large portion of the neighborhood as the Grand Concourse Historic District.  In 2016, the New York City Economic Development Corporation issued requests for proposals for a new redevelopment project in the Concourse, along the Harlem River shore. A $300 million proposal, announced in September 2017, includes 1,045 affordable housing units as well as a new Universal Hip Hop Museum that is to open in 2020. The first of two phases will have 600 affordable unites, a waterfront promenade, a public plaza, a performance space, a movie theater, and the hip hop museum.

Demographics.

Concourse is divided into two neighborhood tabulation areas, East Concourse/Concourse Village and West Concourse, which collectively comprise the population of Concourse. Based on data from the 2010 United States Census, the combined population of Concourse was 101,566, a change of 3,048 (3%) from the 98,518 counted in 2000. Covering an area of, the neighborhood had a population density of.  The racial makeup of the neighborhood was 1.6% (1,635) White, 32.7% (33,176) African American, 0.2% (219) Native American, 1.8% (1,836) Asian, 0% (24) Pacific Islander, 0.4% (447) from other races, and 1% (1,064) from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 62.2% (63,165) of the population.  The area has become more middle class starting in the 2000s. In the 2010 census, there were 3,055 non-Hispanic White residents in the area around Concourse, having increased from 2,600 in the 2000 census. The 2010 census also marked the first time in 40 years where the Concourse neighborhood had seen a net increase in population.  The entirety of Community District 4, which comprises Concourse and Highbridge, had 155,835 inhabitants as of NYC Health's 2018 Community Health Profile, with an average life expectancy of 78.6 years. This is lower than the median life expectancy of 81.2 for all New York City neighborhoods. Most inhabitants are youth and middle-aged adults: 27% are between the ages of between 0–17, 29% between 25–44, and 23% between 45–64. The ratio of college-aged and elderly residents was lower, at 11% and 10% respectively.  As of 2017, the median household income in Community District 4 was $30,900. In 2018, an estimated 32% of Concourse and Highbridge residents lived in poverty, compared to 25% in all of the Bronx and 20% in all of New York City. One in eight residents (13%) were unemployed, compared to 13% in the Bronx and 9% in New York City. Rent burden, or the percentage of residents who have difficulty paying their rent, is 61% in Concourse and Highbridge, compared to the boroughwide and citywide rates of 58% and 51% respectively. Based on this calculation,, Concourse and Highbridge are considered low-income relative to the rest of the city and not gentrifying.

Police and crime.

Concourse and Highbridge are patrolled by the 44th Precinct of the NYPD, located at 2 East 169th Street. The 44th Precinct ranked 39th safest out of 69 patrol areas for per-capita crime in 2010. With a non-fatal assault rate of 123 per 100,000 people, Concourse and Highbridge's rate of violent crimes per capita is greater than that of the city as a whole. The incarceration rate of 813 per 100,000 people is higher than that of the city as a whole.  The 44th Precinct has a lower crime rate than in the 1990s, with crimes across all categories having decreased by 74.1% between 1990 and 2019. The precinct reported 8 murders, 42 rapes, 430 robberies, 793 felony assaults, 173 burglaries, 729 grand larcenies, and 111 grand larcenies auto in 2019.

Fire safety.

Concourse is located near two New York City Fire Department (FDNY) fire stations. Engine Co. 71/Ladder Co. 55/Division 6 is located at 720 Melrose Avenue, while Engine Co. 68/Ladder Co. 49 is located at 1160 Ogden Avenue.  In addition, FDNY EMS Station 17 is located at 1080 Ogden Avenue.

Health.

Preterm and teenage births are more common in Concourse and Highbridge than in other places citywide. In Concourse and Highbridge, there were 93 preterm births per 1,000 live births (compared to 87 per 1,000 citywide), and 34 teenage births per 1,000 live births (compared to 19.3 per 1,000 citywide). Concourse and Highbridge has a relatively average population of residents who are uninsured. In 2018, this population of uninsured residents was estimated to be 13%, slightly higher than the citywide rate of 12%.  The concentration of fine particulate matter, the deadliest type of air pollutant, in Concourse and Highbridge is, more than the city average. Fifteen percent of Concourse and Highbridge residents are smokers, which is higher than the city average of 14% of residents being smokers. In Concourse and Highbridge, 34% of residents are obese, 17% are diabetic, and 42% have high blood pressure—compared to the citywide averages of 24%, 11%, and 28% respectively. In addition, 23% of children are obese, compared to the citywide average of 20%.  Eighty-three percent of residents eat some fruits and vegetables every day, which is less than the city's average of 87%. In 2018, 72% of residents described their health as "good," "very good," or "excellent," lower than the city's average of 78%. For every supermarket in Concourse and Highbridge, there are 18 bodegas.  The nearest hospitals are NYC Health + Hospitals/Lincoln in Melrose and Bronx-Lebanon Hospital Center in Claremont.

Incidents.

In 2017, several residents were sickened or killed due to a rare outbreak of leptospirosis. The cases were reported at 750 Grand Concourse, a building that had reported hundreds of health violations. In March 2020, during the coronavirus pandemic in New York City, a doorman at nearby 860 Grand Concourse was among the first people in New York City to die of COVID-19.

Post offices and ZIP Codes.

Concourse is covered by multiple ZIP Codes. While the area south of 161st Street is covered by 10451, the area to the north falls within 10452 (west of the Grand Concourse) and 10456 (east of the Grand Concourse). The United States Postal Service operates two post offices near Concourse: the Stadium Station at 901 Gerard Avenue, and the Highbridge Station at 1315 Inwood Avenue.

Parks.

Concourse contains five separate parks and a plaza. At the center of the neighborhood and to the north of Bronx Courthouse, Joyce Kilmer Park and Lou Gehrig Plaza border the intersection of the Grand Concourse and 161st Street. Originally called Concourse Plaza, Joyce Kilmer Park was named for the author of the poem "Tree" in 1926. Joyce Kilmer Park contains the Lorelei Fountain which celebrates the German poet Heinrich Heine. The park is flat with many walking paths. To the south is Lou Gehrig Plaza, which bridges 161st Street between the Bronx Courthouse and Joyce Kilmer Park.  To the south of Bronx Courthouse, Franz Sigel Park offers a more rustic park space. Named for Franz Sigel, a patriot and educator in his native Germany and the United States who lived in the area until his death in 1902, the park is characterized by variations in elevation and bedrock. Formerly part of a Native American trail, a visitor can view Manhattan and surrounding rooftops from the terrace within the park. The park was extended in the 1960s to include a ball fields on the south side. A comfort area was added in 1993.  Mullaly Park, named for reporter and park advocate John Mullaly, is an active-use recreational space with a pool and a skate park.  Expanded in 2009, Macombs Dam Park includes the 400-meter Joseph Yancy Track and Field, all weather turf, a soccer field, a baseball field, and grandstand seating for 600 people. The park, on the site of the original Yankee Stadium south of 161st Street and west of River Avenue, connects to the Yankees–East 153rd Street station on the Metro-North Railroad's Hudson Line.  Construction started on Mill Pond Park in 2006 and ended in 2009. Located between the Harlem River and River Avenue adjacent to Bronx Terminal Market, the Park features Stadium Tennis Center, walking paths, picnic areas, and views of the waterfront. The second floor of the Power house in Mill Pond Park is the future home of the Bronx Children's Museum.

Education.

Concourse and Highbridge generally have a lower rate of college-educated residents than the rest of the city. While 36% of residents age 25 and older have a college education or higher, 43% have less than a high school education and 21% are high school graduates or have some college education. By contrast, 26% of Bronx residents and 43% of city residents have a college education or higher. The percentage of Concourse and Highbridge students excelling in math rose from 17% in 2000 to 40% in 2011, and reading achievement increased from 21% to 25% during the same time period.  Concourse and Highbridge's rate of elementary school student absenteeism is more than the rest of New York City. In Concourse and Highbridge, 28% of elementary school students missed twenty or more days per school year, higher than the citywide average of 20%. Additionally, 67% of high school students in Concourse and Highbridge graduate on time, lower than the citywide average of 75%.

Schools.

Public schools are operated by the New York City Department of Education.  The following elementary schools are located in Concourse:  The following middle schools serve grades 6-8:  The following middle and high schools serve grades 6-12:  The following high schools serve grades 9-12 unless otherwise indicated:

Libraries.

The New York Public Library (NYPL) operates three branches in the Concourse area:

Transportation.

The Harlem River separates the Bronx and Manhattan, with the Macombs Dam Bridge connecting the two boroughs within Concourse. Interstate 87, the Major Deegan Expressway, has exits that can access the neighborhood. The Grand Concourse terminates onto roads leading across the Triborough Bridge with connections to Queens and Manhattan.  New York City Subway routes include the IRT Jerome Avenue Line () at 161st Street and 167th Street, and the IND Concourse Line () at 161st Street and 167th Street. MTA Regional Bus Operations also operates routes in the area, comprising the Bx1, Bx2, Bx6, Bx6 SBS, Bx13, and Bx35 local routes as well as the BxM4 express route.  The Metro-North Railroad has a commuter rail station at Melrose.

Points of interest.

The neighborhood hosts a variety of institutions including:

Concourse is a neighborhood in the southwestern section of the New York City borough of the Bronx which includes the Bronx County Courthouse, the Bronx Museum of the Arts, and Yankee Stadium. Its boundaries, starting from the north and moving clockwise, are East 169th Street to the north, Grand Concourse to the east, the Metro-North Railroad's Hudson Line to the south, and Jerome Avenue to the west. The neighborhood is divided into three subsections: West Concourse, East Concourse, and Concourse Village.


Union Township, Centre County, Pennsylvania

Geography.

According to the United States Census Bureau, the township has a total area of, all of it land.  Union Township is bordered by Snow Shoe Township to the northwest, Boggs Township to the northeast, Benner Township to the southeast, Huston Township to the southwest, and Rush Township to the west.

Demographics.

At the 2000 census there were 1,200 people in 448 households, including 361 families, in the township. The population density was 25.8 people per square mile (10.0/km2). There were 506 housing units at an average density of 10.9/sq mi (4.2/km2). The racial makeup of the township was 99.00% White, 0.33% African American, 0.17% Asian, 0.08% Pacific Islander, and 0.42% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 0.75%.  There were 448 households, 34.4% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 69.4% were married couples living together, 4.9% had a female householder with no husband present, and 19.4% were non-families. 16.1% of households were made up of individuals, and 6.7% were one person aged 65 or older. The average household size was 2.68 and the average family size was 2.99.  The age distribution was 24.4% under the age of 18, 7.1% from 18 to 24, 30.6% from 25 to 44, 26.5% from 45 to 64, and 11.4% 65 or older. The median age was 39 years. For every 100 females, there were 110.2 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 104.3 males.  The median household income was $41,806 and the median family income was $45,568. Males had a median income of $31,172 versus $22,734 for females. The per capita income for the township was $18,468. About 6.3% of families and 9.2% of the population were below the poverty line, including 15.1% of those under age 18 and 7.9% of those age 65 or over.

Union Township is a township in Centre County, Pennsylvania, United States. It is part of the State College, Pennsylvania Metropolitan Statistical Area. The population was 1,383 at the 2010 census, up from 1,200 at the 2000 census.


Background and early career.

He was born at Doneraile, County Cork, elder son of John St Leger (died 1695) by his second wife Aphra, only daughter and heiress of Thomas Harflete of Ash, Frapham and Chilton in Kent. His elder half-brother was Arthur St Leger, 1st Viscount Doneraile. Arthur's loyalty to his younger brother was evident throughout his life: he lobbied for John's appointment to the Bench in 1714 and, almost alone, spoke against a motion to commit him for contempt of the Irish House of Lords in 1719.  He was educated at Westminster School and Christ Church, Oxford. He entered the Inner Temple in 1691, but was not called to the Bar until 1707. Even then he was notably dilatory in practising his profession, prompting a famous jibe by Jonathan Swift that St Leger did not so much "practice" at the Bar as "follow it at a distance". He became attached to the English Court in a minor capacity, and was something of a royal favourite of King William III, who gave him a knighthood in 1701.

Judge.

He returned to Ireland and was nominated as Recorder of Cashel, but the appointment was vetoed by the Crown, possibly on the grounds of his Whig leanings, at a time when political differences in Ireland were exceptionally bitter. He sat in the Irish House of Commons as member for Doneraile, which was the St Leger family borough. On the accession of King George I in 1714, there was a "clean sweep" of the existing Tory judges, who were dismissed "en bloc". St Leger was a Whig in politics, and this, together with the support of influential friends and of his brother Lord Doneraile, was apparently considered sufficient grounds to qualify him for appointment to the Bench. He became a Baron of the Court of Exchequer (Ireland). The appointment was greeted with general derision by those who knew him well : "God help the country where St Leger is made a judge!" remarked the poet Samuel Garth.

State of the Irish Court of Exchequer in 1714.

In fairness to him it must be said that St Leger and his colleagues faced a daunting task: he himself described the state of the Irish Court of Exchequer as one of "confusion and disorder, almost past remedy". An enormous backlog of cases had built up, Court procedures were obscure, and hearings often extended over more than a year. The appointment of Sir Jeffrey Gilbert as Chief Baron of the Irish Exchequer improved matters for a time: he was a fine lawyer, who after his death gained great fame for his writings, and he was initially very popular in Ireland.

"Sherlock v Annesley".

Quite unexpectedly a routine lawsuit, "Sherlock v Annesley", involving a dispute between two cousins over the right to possession of certain lands at Naas, County Kildare, which was heard in the Court of Exchequer by Gilbert, St Leger and their colleague John Pocklington, created a major constitutional crisis. In Pocklington's words, the case caused "a flame to burst forth, and the last resentment of the country fell upon us (i.e. the Barons)". At that time the Irish House of Lords and the British House of Lords each claimed to be the final court of appeal from Ireland, and each House heard an appeal from one of the parties to the suit, resulting in contradictory orders. The Barons of the Exchequer, to the fury of the Irish House of Lords, felt obliged to enforce the English House of Lord's order, and were summoned to account for their actions before the Lords. After a short and ill-tempered hearing, the House ordered Black Rod to take the Barons into custody; St Leger's brother Lord Doneraile was one of the very few peers to object to the sentence. Gilbert and Pocklington were in custody for three months, but St Leger was released early, as he was required to give evidence at a case at the assizes in Cork.

Later years.

In the bitter aftermath of the crisis, which resulted in the Declaratory Act of 1719, by which the Irish House of Lords lost its status as a court of appeal (a status which was not restored until 1782), Chief Baron Gilbert chose to return to England. St Leger, despite the damage to his reputation, lobbied hard for promotion in his home country. Public opinion for some years was divided as to whether he would become Irish Chief Baron or be dismissed from the Bench altogether. In fact he retained his position as Baron until his retirement in 1741. He is listed as a trustee of the King's Inns in 1731. Six years earlier he and Gilbert's successor as Chief Baron, Bernard Hale, had narrowly escaped death or serious injury when on assize at Monaghan: the courthouse, like most Irish courthouses of the time was in a serious state of disrepair, and the roof fell in. The judges, unhurt, concluded the assizes in the open air.  He lived at Capel Street in Dublin and at Grangemellon in County Kildare, where he was buried in 1743.

Family.

While he was still in his twenties, he made an advantageous marriage to a wealthy widow, Mary Ware Fraser, who was the daughter of Sir James Ware junior and granddaughter of the noted historian Sir James Ware. Mary, who had previously been married to Alexander Fraser, was some twenty-five years his senior, and according to Francis Elrington Ball there was much gossip about her "questionable virtue". She died in 1722, aged about seventy.  Her widower quickly remarried Lavinia Pennefather, daughter of Kingsmill Pennefather and Elizabeth Bolton; Lavinia belonged to the prominent landowning family of New Hill, County Tipperary. They had eight children: John, the eldest son and heir, Arthur, William, Major-General Anthony St Leger, founder of the St Leger Stakes, Catherine, Lavinia, who married George Clarges, Elizabeth, who married Ralph Burton, and the leading soldier General Barry St. Leger (1733–1789).

Sir John St Leger (1674–1743) was an Irish barrister, politician and judge. He belonged to a leading aristocratic family from County Cork. He was not highly regarded for his legal ability, and it was believed by his contemporaries that he owed his professional success to his influential family connections. As a judge he is mainly remembered for hearing, with two of his colleagues, the celebrated case of "Sherlock v. Annesley", which caused a major Constitutional crisis, and led to all three judges being briefly imprisoned.


Newlin Township, Chester County, Pennsylvania

History.

The township was named for Nicholas Newlin (1630–1699), who received a deed from William Penn. In 1704, his son Nathaniel (1663–1729) and his wife Mary built a water-powered gristmill along the West Branch of Chester Creek. The Newlin Grist Mill is located in Glen Mills, now in Delaware County.  The Embreeville Historic District, Green Valley Historic District, Harlan House, Hayes Homestead, Hayes Mill House, Jacob Hayes House, House at Upper Laurel Iron Works, Indian Deep Farm, Marlborough Village Historic District, Mountain Meadow Farm, Northbrook Historic District, Spruce Grove School, and Joseph Young House are listed on the National Register of Historic Places.

Geography.

According to the United States Census Bureau, the township has a total area of, of which, or 0.25%, is water.

Demographics.

At the 2010 census, the township was 95.0% non-Hispanic White, 0.6% Black or African American, 0.9% Asian, and 0.6% were two or more races. 2.9% of the population were of Hispanic or Latino ancestry.  At the 2000 census there were 1,150 people, 429 households, and 335 families living in the township. The population density was 96.0 people per square mile (37.1/km2). There were 446 housing units at an average density of 37.2/sq mi (14.4/km2). The racial makeup of the township was 97.04% White, 0.78% African American, 0.43% Asian, 0.17% Pacific Islander, 0.70% from other races, and 0.87% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 2.00%.  There were 429 households, 33.8% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 69.9% were married couples living together, 5.6% had a female householder with no husband present, and 21.9% were non-families. 15.4% of households were made up of individuals, and 3.3% were one person aged 65 or older. The average household size was 2.68 and the average family size was 3.00.  The age distribution was 23.1% under the age of 18, 5.3% from 18 to 24, 27.5% from 25 to 44, 33.5% from 45 to 64, and 10.6% 65 or older. The median age was 42 years. For every 100 females, there were 102.1 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 104.2 males.  The median household income was $68,828 and the median family income was $75,241. Males had a median income of $48,250 versus $37,885 for females. The per capita income for the township was $36,804. About 2.4% of families and 3.5% of the population were below the poverty line, including 0.7% of those under age 18 and 5.0% of those age 65 or over.

Education.

Newlin Township lies within the Unionville-Chadds Ford School District

Newlin Township is a township in Chester County, Pennsylvania, United States. The population was 1,285 at the 2010 census. Newlin Township was the hometown of explorer Josiah Harlan. William Baldwin, the botanist, was born there on the 29th of March, 1779.


Nuclear power plans.

In 2007, Jordan's Committee for Nuclear Strategy was formed in order to start the development of nuclear programs in Jordan. Its ultimate goal is for nuclear power to provide 30% of Jordan's electricity by 2030, and to provide electricity for export. From this program, the Jordan Atomic Energy Commission and the Jordan Nuclear Regulatory Commission were developed. Also in 2007, Jordan announced a plan which would help develop a civic nuclear program. This nuclear program would assist in diversifying Jordan's energy portfolio, which would help reduce Jordan's dependence on energy imports, which currently consumes one fifth of GDP. During the era of Saddam Hussein, Jordan was forced to rely on receiving oil at a reduced price from Iraq. The invasion by the United States in 2003 interrupted the deals and forced Jordan to look elsewhere for oil, so Jordan turned to Egypt for oil and gas. The Arab Spring and the 2011 ousting of Egyptian President Hosni Mubarak interrupted this supply of oil, setting Jordan back further in their energy crisis. Jordan has since become dependent on gas imports from Israel, which are highly unpopular in Jordan.  In April 2012 the Jordan Atomic Energy Commission shortened the list from seven to two possible reactor vendors. The two vendors have been narrowed down to Areva-Mitsubishi Heavy Industries and Russia's AtomStroyExport. The reactor technology has yet to be decided upon, however, the tentative deadline for this decision is set in the middle of May 2014. The research reactor will become a focal point for a Nuclear Technology Centre, which will train upcoming generations of nuclear engineers and scientists in the Kingdom in addition to provide irradiation services for the industrial, agricultural and medical sectors. In March 2013, Jordan received approval to begin construction on the Jordan Research and Training Reactor at the Jordan University of Science and Technology. The approximate cost of the reactor is $130 million, with at least $70 million being loaned by the South Korean government.  In 2018, the Commission announced that Jordan was in talks with multiple companies to build the country's first commercial nuclear plant, a Helium-cooled reactor that is scheduled for completion by 2025.  Jordan has also granted Areva exclusive mining rights for uranium in central Jordan.

International relations.

Jordan has relied on international cooperation to access nuclear technology. In order to become a nuclear nation, Jordan has had to sign numerous agreements and create new relations with countries throughout the world. Jordan has signed memorandums of understanding with the United States, United Kingdom, Canada, France, Japan, China, Russia, Spain, South Korea, Argentina, Romania, and Turkey.  Jordan is a signatory to the Treaty on the Non-Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons, which promotes peaceful uses of nuclear energy. Jordan takes its commitment to this treaty seriously and thus aims to pursue an internationally approved path to obtaining nuclear energy. In October 2013 the Russian VVER-1000 design was selected in a competitive tender for Jordan's first twin reactor nuclear power station. As recently as April, 2014, King Abdullah II met with Russian President Vladimir Putin to discuss a possible Jordanian-Russian nuclear cooperation.

Environmental concerns.

Anti-nuclear campaigns.

As the Jordanian government moves closer to the development of nuclear power plants, the local anti-nuclear movement has picked up steam. The movement is led by Basel Burgan, an environmentalist and activist who heads the National Campaign, an anti-nuclear energy non-profit. The National Campaign stresses the idea that the nuclear power plants would contaminate Jordan's scarce water supply. Greenpeace Jordan is also influential in Jordan's anti-nuclear movement. Greenpeace Jordan has encouraged the government to entertain the idea of creating an energy policy based on renewable resources. In 2013, Greenpeace Jordan published the "Future of Energy of Jordan" report to raise concerns about nuclear energy—especially water and seismic issues—and advocate for increased use of renewable energy sources. Greenpeace Jordan believes that Jordan will be able to meet 100% of its energy needs with renewables by 2050.  Opponents of nuclear energy are particularly concerned about nuclear power plants' impacts on Jordan's water supply. Jordan is the fourth water-poorest country in the world, and has less than 15% of the UN water poverty line. One possible site for a reactor would be above the Azraq Aquifer, which supplies most of Amman's freshwater. Environmentalists caution that a minor accident at the plant could poison up to 1/3 of the water in the country. Jordan is already facing rapid depletion of water resources, questioning if the country can afford to take the risk of building these power plants. Jordan's Federation for Environmental Societies has used Jordan's lack of water resources as a platform for their anti-nuclear views. The lack of water has also raised concerns about the cooling of the reactors, which would consume approximately 500 million cubic meters of water annually.

In December 2016, the Jordan Atomic Energy Commission (JAEC), in cooperation with a consortium headed by the Korean Atomic Energy Research Institute, inaugurated the 5 MW Jordan Research and Training Reactor. The facility is the first nuclear reactor in the country. It will provide radioactive isotopes for medical usage in Jordan, and will provide training for students at the University to produce a skilled workforce for the country's planned commercial nuclear reactors.


Tredyffrin Township, Chester County, Pennsylvania

Geography.

According to the United States Census Bureau, the township has a total area of, of which is land and, or 0.15%, is water.

Demographics.

At the 2010 census, the township was 83.3% non-Hispanic White, 3.3% Black or African American, 0.1% Native American, 9.8% Asian, and 1.4% were two or more races. 2.2% of the population were of Hispanic or Latino ancestry.  As of the census of 2000, there were 29,062 people, 12,223 households, and 7,834 families residing in the township. The population density was 1,464.9 people per square mile (565.6/km2). There were 12,551 housing units at an average density of 632.6 per square mile (244.3/km2). The racial makeup of the township was 90.88% White, 2.84% African American, 0.11% Native American, 5.12% Asian, 0.01% Pacific Islander, 0.29% from other races, and 0.74% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 1.20% of the population.  There were 12,223 households, out of which 29.0% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 55.9% were married couples living together, 6.2% had a female householder with no husband present, and 35.9% were non-families. 30.1% of all households were made up of individuals, and 9.1% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.36 and the average family size was 2.99.  In the township the population was spread out, with 23.3% under the age of 18, 4.7% from 18 to 24, 30.1% from 25 to 44, 27.2% from 45 to 64, and 14.7% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 40 years. For every 100 females there were 89.9 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 86.7 males.  The median income for a household in the township was $82,258, and the median income for a family was $105,183 (these figures had risen to $90,915 and $121,809 respectively as of a 2007 estimate). Males had a median income of $76,393 versus $46,124 for females. The per capita income for the township was $47,584. About 2.2% of families and 3.7% of the population were below the poverty line, including 4.6% of those under age 18 and 2.8% of those age 65 or over.

Government.

Tredyffrin is governed by a seven-member Board of Supervisors. Four members are elected from the township at-large, while three members are elected from specific districts, though all supervisors are treated equally once on the Board.

Politics.

Party registration as of July 2010 were 45% Republican, 39% Democratic, and 16% Independent and third parties. In the 2008 Presidential election, Tredyffrin voters gave 58% of its votes to Democratic candidate Barack Obama over John McCain, a significant change from previous elections. Mitt Romney vastly improved upon John McCain's performance, but still fell short as Barack Obama carried the township with 52% of the vote in the 2012 Presidential election. Party registration as of December, 2019 stands at 43% Democratic, 39% Republican, 18% Independent and third parties.

History.

On 13 March 1684, William Penn decided to set aside a portion of Pennsylvania for the Welsh to settle in. This area, known as the "Welsh Tract", was surveyed in 1684 and included several modern-day townships, including Tredyffrin. Although the Welsh Tract was originally meant to be a self-ruling municipality, it was divided between Chester County and Philadelphia when that county was created in 1685, and the Welsh subsequently submitted to the authority of Chester County. In 1707, Tredyffrin was incorporated as a township. This name comes from the Welsh "tre(f)", which means "town", joined to "dyffryn", which means "wide, cultivated valley". Tredyffrin was quick to develop into a thriving township. In 1710, the first mill in Tredyffrin was started by Thomas Jerman on what is now North Valley Road. Swedesford Road, one of the first roads in the township, was created by 1718.  As the population of the township grew, with 30 resident landowners in 1722 and 83 in 1774, churches sprung up to meet the demand by religious residents. In 1710, the Baptist minister Hugh Davis moved to the Great Valley from Britain and, there being several Baptist families in this area, the Great Valley Baptist Church was formed on 22 April 1711. The church originally met in Radnor. However, there were enough members of this Baptist church that by 1722, a log building was erected in Tredyffrin to serve the congregation.  As Tredyffrin includes part of Valley Forge National Historical Park, there are many Revolutionary War-related sites in the township, especially the park and houses where various generals were quartered.  Development in the township was sparked in the 19th century by construction and advertisement of the "Main Line" railroad service, which terminated in Paoli, which straddles the western border of the township.  Tredyffrin-Easttown school district was unusual for the area in being integrated during the early part of the century. In the 1932, the district planned to segregate after building a new school, and African-Americans in the township boycotted the school system for two years in protest (the "School Fight"). In 1934 a negotiated settlement was reached whereby the schools remained integrated, and helped kill school segregation in Pennsylvania.  During the Cold War, a Nike anti-aircraft missile site was active in the township.

Historic buildings.

County Bridge No. 171, Cramond, Cressbrook Farm, Federal Barn, Great Valley Mill, Greenwood Farm, David Havard House, Lafayette's Quarters, Maj. Gen. Lord Stirling Quarters, Strafford Railroad Station, Valley Forge National Historical Park, Joseph Walker House, Van Leer Cabin and Wetherby-Hampton-Snyder-Wilson-Erdman Log House are listed on the National Register of Historic Places. In addition, the Wharton Esherick Museum is listed as a National Historic Landmark; it was built starting in 1926.  Other notable buildings are:

Geology.

The rocks of Tredyffrin were laid down in the upper Paleozoic, meaning that they are primarily metamorphic. Limestone is often at the surface in the Great Valley, so many limestone kilns were created in the 18th century. The northern edge of the township is a ridge of quartzite and sandstone (the Cambrian Chickies Formation) including Valley Forge Mountain (or Mount Misery), which was mined for quartz in the 18th century through the mid-19th century.

Education.

Primary and secondary schools.

Tredyffrin Township lies within the Tredyffrin/Easttown School District. Students residing within township boundaries attend Hillside Elementary School, New Eagle Elementary School, and Valley Forge Elementary School for grades K-4. Tredyffrin/Easttown Middle School and Valley Forge Middle School serve students in grades 5-8, and Conestoga High School serves students in grades 9-12. Private schools in Tredyffrin Township include:

Public libraries.

Tredyffrin Township Libraries operates Tredyffrin Public Library and Paoli Library.  The Tredyffrin Library, with of space as of 1977, is located in the Strafford community. The architectural firm Mitchell/Giurgola developed the Tredyffrin Library. It has an amphitheater that is focused on a park in a southward direction. The library has a single large reading room. The library building has a larger two story end, while the other end has only one story at the upper level. The facility has toilets, workrooms, and offices at the main level are in a separate element of the structure from the main reading room, and this structure juts out from the flue. "Architectural Record" said that this "allows direct access to the reading room from the public entrance." In 1990 a new Children’s Library was created on the lower level of the building in previously unfinished space.  As the community continued to grow and change, plans were finalized in 2004 to renovate and expand Tredyffrin Library. In September 2007, the library broke ground for a $6 million renovation and expansion. On January 31, 2009, the entire expanded building was open to the public for the first time  "Architectural Record" stated that Tredyffrin Library and the library built in Condon Hall of the University of Washington School of Law, which was also designed by Mitchell/Giurgola, have common underlying concepts. According to the publication, the shared concepts were "unusual sensitivity in using natural light to best advantage while warding off the sun," a "quickly apparent organization of functions," and being "responsive to the varying situations in which it is built."

Tredyffrin Township ( ) is a township located in eastern Chester County, Pennsylvania, United States. The population was 29,332 at the 2010 census. Originally settled in the late 17th century, Tredyffrin is bounded by Delaware and Montgomery counties. It includes on its northern boundary a small part of Valley Forge National Historical Park, where George Washington encamped during the American War of Independence. Tredyffrin and the entire Great Valley region also have many limestone deposits.


History.

Prince County Hospital traces its history to the early 1900s when it was the first hospital in Prince Edward Island to be located outside of Charlottetown. It was originally located on St. Stephen Street near Summerside's central business district but was replaced in 1951 by a facility located on Beattie Avenue. This facility was replaced in 2004 by the present facility located on a 27-acre property on Roy Boates Avenue in the city's north end.  Beattie Avenue was named to honour Grace Beattie, RN who was the first administrator of the hospital. Roy Boates Avenue was named to honour Roy Boates, a previous Director of Pharmacy at the hospital. Roy owned and managed a community pharmacy in Prince Edward Island from 1949 to 1974. He served on the executive of The Canadian Pharmacists Association and was on the Executive Council of The PEI Pharmacists Association for 20 years being president twice. In 1967 he was the first person in PEI to receive the Robins Bowl of Hygeia award for community service. In 1981 he went to Gambia under the auspices of CUSO (Canadian University Service Overseas) and served as Chief Pharmacist in Gambia. He initiated, supervised and implemented a new drug system. He was responsible for two hospitals, 16 health centers, 17 dispensaries, and 54 sub dispensaries. He also opened two new medical stores stocked with supplies from the Canadian Mission Relief Fund. He taught pharmacology to third year nursing students at the Royal Victoria Hospital in Banjul, Gambia. For his service he was awarded the Certificate of Recognition by the African Area President. Roy received The Canadian Pharmacists Association Meritorious Service Award in 1987 and the Order of Canada in 1990.

Services.

The Prince County Hospital offers the following services:  Published by Prince County Hospital Foundation

Prince County Hospital is an acute care hospital located in Summerside, Prince Edward Island. Operated by Health PEI, the Prince County Hospital has a capacity of 102 beds. It is the province's second largest hospital after the Queen Elizabeth Hospital.


Early life.

Hart was born in Wolverhampton on 15 August 1963 and grew up in the Cotswolds. He was privately educated at Radley College before attending the Royal Agricultural College in Cirencester. He worked as a Chartered Surveyor in Carmarthen and Haverfordwest and served with the Territorial Army for five years in the Royal Gloucestershire Hussars (part of the Royal Wessex Yeomanry).

Political career.

Previous to his political career, Hart was Master of the South Pembrokeshire Hunt for 10 years from 1988 to the end of the 1997/8 season and became Chief Executive of the pro-hunting Countryside Alliance, 2003–2010. He was in receipt of £30,000 per annum for 8 hours work per week from them, stepping down after his promotion to Welsh Secretary in 2019.  He has been the MP for Carmarthen West and South Pembrokeshire since the 2010 general election. He was re-elected at the 2015 general election and 2017 general election. In the 2019 general election, Hart more than doubled his previous majority of 3,110 to 7,745. He secured 52.7% of the vote, up 5.9 percentage points compared to 2017.  In 2014 Hart was accused of hypocrisy after receiving two £702 tickets from Japan Tobacco International, makers of Benson and Hedges, whilst opposing curbs on smoking.  In 2017 Hart faced questions over breaches of the code of conduct and was being investigated over an alleged breach of paragraph 15.  In August 2018, Hart accused actress Maxine Peake of hypocrisy, for 'taking money from the NHS for work on an advertisement, whilst attacking the Government for lack of investment in the NHS'. Peake responded that the fee came from an advertising agency and would not have gone back to the NHS if she had returned it, and she had donated the fee to The Salford Foundation Trust children's charity regardless. On 27 July 2019 he was promoted to Parliamentary Secretary at the Cabinet Office in Boris Johnson's administration. He replaced fellow Conservative Oliver Dowden and stood down as Chairman of the Countryside Alliance.  In October 2019 it was reported that Hart was the Welsh MP with the highest expense claims for first-class rail tickets. Official guidance from the Independent Parliamentary Standards Authority states politicians should "consider value for money" when booking tickets; however, first-class rail travel is still permissible within the expenses rules.  Hart has served on the Political and Constitutional Reform Select Committee, Welsh Affairs Select Committee, Environment, Food and Rural Affairs Select Committee, Digital, Culture, Media and Sport Committee, Commons Select Committee on Standards and Commons Select Committee of Privileges.

Defacement of election placards.

In the run-up to the 2019 general election, Hart shared an image of a campaign placard which had been defaced during the 2017 general election. Referencing the levels of "abuse... vitriol and intimidation" to which candidates had been subjected in 2017, Hart used a Facebook post to call for high standards of conduct among candidates, a subject on which he says he has worked to find cross-party solutions since the 2017 election. However, during the 2019 election campaign, the same sign was shown to have two swastikas added, putting Hart under suspicion.

Welsh Secretary.

Following the 2019 general election, Hart was appointed Secretary of State for Wales by Prime Minister Boris Johnson. He replaced Alun Cairns, who resigned amidst a scandal related to claims he lied about his knowledge of a rape trial.  On 22 April 2020, during the 2020 COVID-19 pandemic, he became the first ever minister to speak in the Commons chamber via remote video link, answering a question from Marco Longhi, who also spoke remotely.

Political stances.

Countryside Alliance and animal rights.

Hart is an outspoken supporter of fox hunting and the badger cull. He actively campaigns to overturn the 2004 Hunting Bill and assist the National Farmers Union of England and Wales. In January 2013, Hart said the RSPCA's legal role needs more oversight given its "political and commercial activities" in a critique of the charity's role lobbying against fox hunting.

Brexit.

Despite voting Remain in the 2016 European Union referendum, Hart has consistently argued that the result must be honoured and the UK must leave the EU. He helped form and lead the Brexit Delivery Group, a group of 51 MPs who argued for a negotiated exit from the EU.

Personal life.

Hart lives in London and Llanmill near Narberth in Pembrokeshire with his wife Abigail and their two children. He employs his wife as his office manager. He was listed in articles in "The Daily Telegraph" and "The Guardian" criticising the practice of MPs employing family members, on the basis that it promoted nepotism.

Simon Anthony Hart (born 15 August 1963) is a British politician serving as Secretary of State for Wales since 2019. A member of the Conservative Party, he was first elected in the 2010 general election as the Member of Parliament (MP) for Carmarthen West and South Pembrokeshire, defeating the previous Labour MP Nick Ainger who had represented the constituency and its predecessor since 1992. He was reelected in 2015, 2017 and 2019.