Early life.

Pyke's father, Lionel Edward Pyke, was a Jewish lawyer who died when Pyke was only five, leaving his family with no money. His mother quarrelled with relatives and made life "hell" for her children. She sent Pyke to Wellington, then a public school mainly for the sons of Army officers. At his mother's insistence, Pyke maintained the dress and habits of an Orthodox Jew. He became an atheist when he was thirteen. The persecution he suffered instilled in him a hatred of and contempt for "The Establishment". After two years at Wellington, he was withdrawn, tutored privately and then admitted to Pembroke College, Cambridge to study law.

First World War.

At the outbreak of the First World War, Pyke quit his studies to become a war correspondent. He persuaded the editor of the Daily Chronicle to send him to Berlin using the passport obtained from an American sailor by travelling via Denmark. In Germany, he conversed with local Germans, and eavesdropped on other people's conversations, witnessing the mobilisation of Germans for war with Russia.  In early October, 1914, after six days in Germany, Pyke was arrested in his bed-sitting room, and was taken away leaving a letter written in English on his desk. Confined to a small cell in solitary confinement, he believed that he might not be executed after all; remarking that "the German government was not going to waste 4d on my keep if it was going to be faced with burial expenses on the fifth day". During captivity, he reflected on hunger:  During confinement, Pyke longed for books, writing material and socialising. When allowed out for exercise, he moved around the yard and exchanged words with other inmates. He pieced together poems from memory – "If" by Rudyard Kipling and "Jabberwocky" by Lewis Carroll – and recited them loudly in the darkness. During this time, Pyke questioned his sanity.  In January 1915, he was transferred to another prison where he was able to mix with other prisoners and buy newspapers, learning that thousands of foreigners had passed through this prison for a period of quarantine before being transferred to the internment camp at Ruhleben. Five days later, he was transferred to a third prison in Moabit, and then to the internment camp at Ruhleben.  At Ruhleben, Pyke met fellow graduates from Oxford and Cambridge. They supplied him with extra clothes, food, books and other amenities. Pyke soon became ill and he nearly died of double pneumonia and food poisoning, but recovered in summer. Despite illness, he thought about the possibility of escape and repeatedly questioned fellow inmates. Most were pessimistic about escape, but an Englishman, Edward Falk, agreed despite the low success rate of other attempts. Pyke compiled statistical data on previous escapes, and together with Falk, made a decision to escape, following a regime of calisthenic exercise to prepare. On the afternoon of 9 July 1915, Pyke and Falk crept into a hut and hid under tennis nets, using glare from the sunset to blind the patrolling guard, successful, they waited until dark and climbed over the perimeter fences.  Pyke and Falk took a tram into Berlin, buying clothes and camping equipment and then traveled west. Within of the Dutch border, they decided to walk, traversing barbed wire fences and quagmire. Approaching the border, they consumed what remained of their food and discarded their equipment apart from some rope made from string, deciding to cross the Dutch frontier. As they rested, they were discovered by a soldier and tried to talk their way out of the encounter, only to discover the soldier was Dutch and they were already inside the Netherlands. From here, made their way to England. Pyke visited his news editor to confess that his mission had failed. However, the editor told Pyke that the story of his escape, based on a long telegraph report Pyke had sent from Amsterdam, had become one of the biggest Fleet Street scoops of the war. Pyke was the first Englishman to get into Germany and out again, and he was encouraged to write a series of articles for the "Chronicle". Pyke refused, citing lost interest in being a war correspondent. He divided his time between lecturing on his experiences and writing for the Cambridge Magazine, edited by Charles Kay Ogden.  Pyke arranged for some food parcels to be sent to friends in Ruhleben; the boxes contained details of his method of escape concealed in false bottoms. Although his parcels arrived, no prisoner attempted to repeat his methods. As an escaped prisoner of war, he was exempt from conscription and his views had begun to drift towards pacifism. He wrote a memoir of his experiences, "To Ruhleben – And Back", and published in 1916. Because the war was still on at that time, Pyke omitted some details of his escape from his account. "To Ruhleben – And Back" was republished in 2002. In March 1918, Pyke met Margaret Amy Chubb, they were married within three months of meeting.

Between the wars.

Malting House School.

Between the First and Second World Wars, Pyke attempted a number of money-making schemes, speculating on the commodity market, using his own system of financial management and working through a number of different stockbrokers to avoid attention and higher stock broking charges. The Pykes had a son, David Pyke (1921–2001), and Pyke became preoccupied by the question of his son's education. In October 1924, to create an education that differed from his own and promoted curiosity whilst equipping young people to live in the twentieth century, he set up an infants' school in his Cambridge home. His wife, Margaret, was a strong supporter of the school and its ideas. Pyke recruited a psychologist, Susan Sutherland Isaacs, to run the school, and although Pyke had many original ideas regarding education, he promised her that he would not interfere.  Pyke continued with his city speculations which funded the Malting House School. The Malting House School was based on the theories of the American philosopher and educationist John Dewey. It fostered the individual development of children; children were given great freedom and were supported rather than punished. The teachers were seen as observers of the children, who were seen as research workers. For a short time, The Maltings was a critical if not a commercial success; it was visited by many educationists and it was the subject of a film documentary. Pyke had ambitious plans for the school and began to interfere with the day-to-day running, whereupon Susan Isaacs left The Maltings.  In 1927, Pyke lost all his money and became bankrupt. The Malting House School was forced to close, Margaret Pyke had to take a job as a headmistress's secretary; she left Geoffrey although they were never divorced. Already suffering from periodic fits of depression and burdened with huge debts to his brokers, he withdrew from normal life altogether and survived on donations from close friends.

Work against antisemitism.

In 1934, Pyke was opposed the wave of antisemitism in Nazi Germany, citing humanitarian reasons. Pyke campaigned for Christian leaders to make simultaneous public statements condemning the Nazis, raising money to set up an organisation to combat anti-Semitism. He wrote a number of magazine articles on the irrationality of prejudice and started work on a book. In his published letters and articles, Pyke insisted that it was necessary to collect data and this struck a chord with other thinkers who would - giving full credit for the germ of an idea to Pyke - go on to establish the Mass Observation project that set out to document the lives of ordinary Britons.

Voluntary Industrial Aid for Spain.

During the Spanish civil war, Pyke founded the Voluntary Industrial Aid for Spain (VIAS) organisation, encouraging individuals with little money to contribute their time and skills instead. This was opposed by trade unionists who believed that unpaid work might set a dangerous precedent, but Pyke persisted. By October 1938, twenty-five vehicles had been sent to Spain including two mobile blood transfusion units, and by the end of the war, more than seventy vehicles had been contributed. Organised by Trade Unions, workers were, with the assistance of sympathetic employers who lent the use of machines and premises, able to produce useful items of equipment. Pyke also invented a motorcycle sidecar to carry medical supplies or a patient. He raised funds to pay for American-built Harley-Davidson motorcycles that were then plentifully available second-hand, and persuaded workers to make the sidecars free of charge with the results being sent out to Spain.  Pyke also assisted in arranging for the manufacture of mattresses for the Spanish government, for the collection of redundant horse-drawn ploughs for Spanish farmers, and bundles of hand-tools for use by labourers. He published aggressive propaganda brochures pointing out that British workers were not to consider their contributions a form of charity while Spanish people were fighting and dying for their fellow workers. To answer a shortage of bandages and dressings in Spain, he suggested that sun-dried peat moss sewn into muslin bags could be used as a substitute for cotton dressings. Soon, moss collected by volunteers in Britain was on its way to Spain.

Second World War.

Spying on Nazi Germany.

In 1939, before the outbreak of the Second World War, Pyke considered the problem of finding out what the German people actually thought of the Nazi regime. His idea was to perform an opinion poll in secret by sending volunteers to Germany to interview ordinary people. He would train the volunteers personally. The plan was that the interviewers should pose as golfers on a tour of Germany and that interviews should be informal, with the questions being inserted into everyday conversation; the first German city to be targeted would be Frankfurt. Pyke travelled to Frankfurt where he met Peter Raleigh. Raleigh suggested that there were enough of Pyke's golfers in Germany to challenge the Frankfurt golf club to a match. Pyke concluded that this would be an excellent idea, and put this new plan into action.  By 21 August, Pyke had ten interviewers working in Germany. On 25 August, following hints from contacts at the Foreign Office, Pyke recalled all his agents and they arrived back in England over the following few days. Pyke's original idea had been to present Hitler with an account of the true feelings of the German people, but this did not materialise with the outbreak of war. Raleigh and Patrick Smith did make a broadcast on the newly formed BBC World Service in which they contrasted the mood in Germany with that in London, and Pyke prepared a report for the War Office.  Pyke tried to generate interest in his opinion poll results and in repeating the exercise in Germany using people from neutral countries. He got little support, but did attract the attention of Conservative Member of Parliament Leo Amery. Amery did think that Pyke's idea was worthwhile and privately convinced others including Clement Attlee and Sir Stafford Cripps. Pyke's friends concluded that nothing would come of the scheme and persuaded Pyke to let the matter drop.

Military inventions.

Pyke then wrote on grand strategy and worked on a number of ideas for practical inventions. Inspired by the sight of barrage balloons, he conceived the idea of using them to mount microphones allowing the location of aircraft to be ascertained by triangulation. Pyke was unaware that the development of radar provided a much better means of achieving this effect.

Operation Plough / First Special Service Force.

With the invasion of Norway, Pyke considered the problem of transporting soldiers rapidly over snow. He proposed the development of a screw-propelled vehicle based on an old patent called the Armstead snow motor. This consisted of a pair of lightweight cylinders, shaped like very large artillery shells, to support the weight of the vehicle. These cylinders have a spiral flange that digs into the snow; when the cylinders turn (in opposite directions), the vehicle is propelled forwards. Pyke envisaged that a small force of highly mobile soldiers could occupy the attentions of many enemy soldiers who would be required to guard against possible points of attack.  Initially, Pyke's idea was rejected. Then, in October 1941, Louis Mountbatten replaced Roger Keyes as Chief of Combined Operations. This changed the character of the department and Mountbatten allowed unusual talents and ideas. Conservative Member of Parliament Leo Amery wrote to Mountbatten recommending that Pyke's Norway scheme, originally rejected by Keyes, be re-examined and that Mountbatten should take Pyke onto his staff. Mountbatten valued Pyke's ideas, and for liberalising other staff, eventually adopted the plan. The scheme became Operation Plough. When presented to Prime Minister Winston Churchill, he noted in the minutes of the meeting:  Pyke's snow vehicle project was superseded by Canadian development of the Weasel tracked personnel carrier, produced first for the American-Canadian commando unit the First Special Service Force, which trained first for Norway but was actually deployed in Italy. The US built hundreds of these as the M29 vehicle.

Project Habakkuk.

In April 1942, Pyke was presented with the problem of how to prevent the icing of ships in Arctic waters. He took the problem to Max Perutz at the Cavendish Laboratory, Cambridge; Pyke knew that Perutz had previously worked on the physical properties of snow with regard to the difficulties of Operation Plough. Perutz proposed a solution and in a footnote his memorandum noted that:  In September 1942, Pyke sent a 232-page memorandum to Mountbatten detailing his ideas. It suggested a number of uses for ice and for super cooled water (water that has been cooled below its freezing point while remaining liquid) and the suggestion of the construction of gigantic aircraft carriers from ice that was either frozen naturally or artificially. Whereas conventional aircraft carriers were restricted to relatively small, specialised aircraft, these could launch and land conventional fighters and bombers. As such, they could provide air cover for convoys in mid-Atlantic, staging posts for long flights over seas or as launch pads for amphibious assaults on France or Japan. A biography of Pyke by David Lampe indicates that he had decided to use ice reinforced with wood fibres, but other accounts make it clear that this is not the case. Pyke was not the first to suggest a floating mid-ocean stopping point for aircraft, nor the first to suggest that such a floating island could be made of ice, German scientist Dr. A. Gerke of Waldenburg in Germany proposed the idea and carried out some preliminary experiments in Lake Zurich in 1930.  Pyke's memorandum included a couple of cover notes. The first requested that Mountbatten should read the suggestions himself before allowing it to fall into the hands of "that damned fool Lushington". The second, longer, note asked that Mountbatten read the first thirty pages of the memorandum before deciding whether it was worthwhile to continue "It may be gold: it may only glitter. I can't tell. I have been hammering at it too long and am blinded". Mountbatten handed it to Brigadier Wildman-Lushington, and Lushington with the assistance of JD Bernal, concluded that Pyke's main proposals were feasible. In December 1942, Prime Minister Churchill issued a directive that research on the project should be pressed forward with the highest priority and he expressed the opinion that nature be allowed to do as much of the work as possible.  The project to build a large aircraft carrier of pykrete was known as Project Habakkuk, and Pyke was sent to Canada with a personal introduction from Winston Churchill to Mackenzie King. While he was away, an Admiralty committee headed by the Chief of Naval Construction sent a memorandum about Habakkuk to Mountbatten. Pyke returned from Canada. Pyke's original memorandum mentioned other applications for pykrete such as building landing ships for the prospective invasion of Japan and for quickly constructing fortifications at a beachhead by spraying an existing building with pykrete liquid that would freeze into a thick layer. Many of these ideas relied upon a misplaced faith in the qualities of supercooled water which he thought could be used as a weapon of war: pumped from a ship it could be used to instantly form bulwarks of ice or even be sprayed directly onto enemy soldiers. However, such ideas were according to Max Perutz, impractical.  In September 1943, Pyke proposed a slightly less ambitious plan for pykrete vessels to be used in support of an amphibious assault. He proposed a pykrete monitor long and wide mounting a single naval gun turret; this could be self-powered or towed to where it would be used. He also suggested the use of pykrete to make breakwaters and landing stages. At the time, Max Perutz thought the ideas were practical and that the preceding research on pykrete was sufficiently advanced to allow Pyke's plan to be executed.<ref name = "ADM 1/15677">.</ref> The plan was not put into action, but for the allied invasion of Normandy a system of preconstructed concrete breakwaters and landing stages called Mulberry was employed. Pyke's plans hint that he had some knowledge of the Mulberry plans, perhaps through his contacts with Bernal, who was one of Mulberry's progenitors.

Men in pipes.

In late 1943, Pyke submitted to Mountbatten a memorandum, nearly fifty pages long, explaining his ideas for a solution to the problem of unloading stores from ships where no proper port facilities are available and few roads inland. This circumstance was common in the Pacific war theatre and fundamental to the 1943 decision to invade France by landing on the beaches of Normandy, with no harbours and a 24-foot tide. Pyke's idea was to use pipes of the type that were used to transport fuel from ship to shore, to move sealed containers that would contain any type of sufficiently small material objects. Pyke suggested that pipes would handle smaller equipment and larger objects could be passed through two-foot pipes. Furthermore, there was no reason why the pipes should stop at the shore, they could be extended inland as required. Bernal gave a cautious endorsement to the idea, adding that it would require a great deal of investigation. Pyke's idea was similar to the cleaning brushes that are sometimes forced along pipes by the pressure of the fluid and to the pipeline pigs which today are used for cleaning and telemetry.  Pyke then proposed that his idea for "Power-Driven Rivers" could be extended to the transport of personnel. The pipes would need to be at least two feet in diameter and the pressures would have to be high. He worked out ideas for supplying the passengers with oxygen and suggested that the problem of claustrophobia might be alleviated by travelling in pairs and by the use of barbiturate drugs. Pyke proposed that this system could be used to move people from ship to shore, from island to island, through swamps and over mountains and anywhere where conventional transport was difficult. The idea was never used.

After World War II.

After World War II, Pyke's inventions continued. One suggestion for the problems of energy-starved post-war Europe was to propel railway wagons by human muscle power – employing 20 to 30 men on bicycle-like mechanisms to pedal a cyclo-tractor. Pyke reasoned that the energy in a pound of sugar cost about the same as an equivalent energy in the form of coal and that while Europe had plenty of sugar and unemployed people, there was a shortage of coal and oil. He recognised that such a use of human muscle power was in some ways distasteful, but could not see that the logic of arguments about calories and coal were unlikely to be sufficiently persuasive.  Pyke was given a commission to look into the problems of the National Health Service and, characteristically, made his contribution as a part of a minority report. He remained eager to convey his unconventional ideas, and continued to both write and broadcast them. He campaigned against the death penalty, and for government support of UNICEF.

Death and legacy.

On the evening of Saturday 21 February 1948 in Steele's Road, Hampstead, Pyke shaved his beard and consumed a bottleful of sleeping pills. His landlady found his body the following Monday morning. The coroner gave a verdict of suicide at a moment of mental unbalance. Before consuming the pills, he had written private letters that made it clear that his death was premeditated. An obituary in "The Times" praised him and lamented his passing, beginning with the words: John Bernal, who knew Pyke well, wrote:

Geoffrey Nathaniel Joseph Pyke (9 November 1893 – 21 February 1948) was an English journalist, educationalist, and inventor. Pyke came to public attention when he escaped from internment in Germany during World War I. He had travelled to Germany under a false passport, and was soon arrested and interned. Pyke is remembered for proposing the newly invented material pykrete for the construction of the ship Habakkuk.


Early life and education.

Grace Alele-Williams Born in Warri, Delta state. She attended Government School, Warri, and Queen's College, Lagos. She attended the University College of Ibadan (now University of Ibadan). She obtained a master's degree in Mathematics while teaching at Queen's School, Ede in Osun State in 1957 and her Ph.D in Mathematics Education at the University of Chicago (U.S.) in 1963. She made history as the first Nigerian woman to be awarded a doctorate degree. She returned to Nigeria for a couple of years' postdoctoral work at the University of Ibadan before joining the University of Lagos in 1965.

Academic career.

Her teaching career started at Queen's School, Ede Osun State, where she was mathematics teacher from 1954 until 1957. She left for the University of Vermont to become a graduate assistant and later assistant professor. Between 1963 and '65, Alele-Williams was a postdoctoral research fellow, department (and institute) of Education, University of Ibadan from where she was appointed a professor of mathematics at the University of Lagos in 1976. She was the first female Vice Chancellor in Nigeria.  She has held and served in various capacities. By serving in various committees and boards, Alele-Williams had made useful contributions in the development of education in Nigeria. She was chairman of the curriculum review committee, former Bendel State 1973–1979. From 1979 to 1985, she served as chairman of the Lagos State Curriculum Review Committee and Lagos State Examinations Boards.  Alele-Williams was a member of governing council, UNESCO Institute of Education. She is also a consultant to the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO) and Institute of International Education Planning. For a decade (1963–73) she was a member of the African Mathematics Programme, located in Newton, Massachusetts, United States. She was also vice-president of the World Organisation for Early Childhood Education and later president of the Nigeria chapter. Alele-Williams has published a book titled "Modern Mathematics Handbook for Teachers". After serving as the Vice-Chancellor of the University of Benin, she joined the board of directors of Chevron-Texaco Nigeria. She is also on the board of HIP Asset Management Company Ltd, an Asset Management Company in Lagos, Nigeria. Professor Grace Awani Alele-Williams was a force to reckon with in the dark period for Nigeria's higher education. Then, the activities of secret cults, confraternities and societies had spread within the Nigerian Universities especially in University of Benin. She made valuable impacts, with combination of courage, ingenuity and strategy that the growing tide of cultism was stemmed in the university. A task which many men had failed, she was able to make notable contributions.  She has a special interest in women education. While spending a decade directing the Institute of Education, she introduced innovative non degree programmes, allowing older women working as elementary school teachers to receive certificates. Alele-Williams has always demonstrated concern for the access of female African students to scientific and technological subjects.

Grace Alele-Williams (born December 16, 1932) is an educator who made history as the First Nigerian Female Vice-Chancellor at the University of Benin. She was also the first Nigerian woman to receive a doctorate degree. She is a professor of mathematics education.


Host selection.

On 14 June 2012, the then-Brazilian Minister of Sports, Aldo Rebelo, and the president of CBDU ("Confederação Brasileira do Desporto Universitário"), Luciano Cabral, announced that after the failed bid by Brazil for the 2017 Summer Universiade, they would bid again for the 2019 Summer Universiade. Brazil's capital Brasília was appointed as the bid city again after it lost in 2017 to Taipei. Brazil previously hosted the Summer Universiade once in 1963 in Porto Alegre.  On 11 December 2012, Azad Rahimov, the Youth and Sports Minister of Azerbaijan, announced that after the country won the rights to host the first European Games in 2015, they would bid to host the 2019 Summer Universiade. The attempt was the first time that Azerbaijan placed a bid for the Universiade. Baku would represent the country as the bid city.  On 31 January 2013, Miklós Tóth, the vice-chairman of the Hungarian Olympic Committee, announced that Hungary would make a bid for the 2019 or 2021 Summer Universiade with the aid of Alfréd Hajós' Plan ("Hajós Alfréd Terv"). Budapest previously hosted the 1965 Summer Universiade and was confirmed as the bid city on 19 February 2013.  On 3 April 2013, FISU officially confirmed three candidate cities:  On 31 October 2013, Baku officially withdrew from the bidding process for the 2019 Summer Universiade, citing that the city will be busy with other sporting events in the period of 2015–2017 with the 2015 European Games and the 2017 Islamic Solidarity Games. On 8 November 2013, Budapest withdrew because the city could not afford the costs of the event, leaving Brasilia as the only bidding city. On 9 November 2013, FISU nominated Brasilia as host city of the 2019 Summer Universiade. On 5 March 2016, FISU reattributed the 2019 Universiade to Naples, Italy.

Venues.

The Organising committee plans to involve already existed sports facilities after their renovation.

Opening ceremony.

The opening ceremony was held at Stadio San Paolo and ran from 21:00 to 00:20 Central European Summer Time including a special performance by Italian tenor Andrea Bocelli.

Marketing.

Logo.

The logo of the games was an image of Mount Vesuvius, a somma-stratovolcano located on the Gulf of Naples which was remodeled into five chromatic trails of both the Olympics and Universiade that resembles a race track. The lines meeting at the top and ending with a puff of multicoloured smoke symbolise different people’s involvement with a unique objective of sharing and contributing to development, progress, solidarity, and coexistence.

Mascot.

The mascot of the games was a Siren named "Partenope", which was designed by Melania Acanfora, young Neapolitan student of the “Accademia delle Belle Arti” (Academy of Fine Arts). The Mascot is described as a gymnast with her fish tail that could be transformed into scaly legs which allow her to run, jump, dance, just as a real athlete. In the opening ceremony, Mariafelicia Carraturo interpreted the mascot.

Participants.

"in order of appearance, Parade of Nations":

Closing ceremony.

The closing ceremony was held on 14 July 2019 at the Stadio San Paolo and ran from 21:00 to 23:20 Central European Summer Time. The closing ceremony featuring the handover of the FISU flag to the Chinese city of Chengdu as the host city of the 2021 Summer Universiade. Along with the FISU, protocol the ceremony had the performances by rapper Clementino, singer and Eurovision Song Contest 2019 runner-up Mahmood and Austrian DJ Sonic Snares.

The 2019 Summer Universiade, the XXX Summer Universiade (Italian: Universiadi estive 2019) was held in Naples, Italy, between 3 and 14 July 2019.


Biography.

Born at Ecatepec de Morelos in Mexico State, Eruviel Ávila Villegas has a Law bachelor's degree from the "Universidad Tecnológica de México" (UNITEC), and a Master's and Doctor's degree from the National Autonomous University of Mexico (UNAM).  Ávila Villegas has been a teacher at UNITEC. He is author of the book ""The Creation of the Constitutional Court in the State of Mexico"" (""La Creación de la Corte Constitucional del Estado de México"") published in 2003, a joint publication of the Legislative Investigations Institute of the State of Mexico Congress and the State of Mexico's Public Administration Institute.  From 1994 to 1996 he became secretary of the municipality of Ecatepec de Morelos, he has been elected deputy of the State of Mexico Congress twice, from 1997 to 2000 in the LIII Legislature and from 2006 to 2009 in the LVI Legislature, where he was also named Coordinator of the PRI's Parliamentary Group and chairman of the board of Political Coordination.  He was Subsecretary of the State of Mexico's municipal government in Nezahualcóyotl from 2001 to 2002 and PRI's President of the Directive State Council in 2006. He has been elected Mayor of Ecatepec de Morelos for two periods, from 2003 to 2006 and from 2009 to 2012. In 2010 he was elected President of the National Federation of Municipalities "(FENAMM)", where1,510 of the country's municipalities are grouped.  On March 26, 2011 he requested license to be excused as Mayor of Ecatepec, and the next day he registered as PRI's candidate for Governor of the State of Mexico.

Trajectory and formation.

Eruviel Ávila Villegas is a graduated lawyer from the Universidad Tecnológica de México (Unitec) has a master's degree and a doctorate, both in law, from the Universidad Autónoma de México (UNAM), he's the author from the book "La creación de la Corte Constitucional del Estado de México" a co-publication between the Instituto de Investigaciones Legislativas del Congreso del Estado de México and the Instituto de Administración Pública from the State of Mexico.  He started his political career as Secretary from the local government of Ecatepec Morelos from 1994 to 1996, in two occasions was elected as a congressman for the State of Mexico congress between the years 1997 to 200, and for a second time from 2006 to 2009, where he served as coordinator of the parliamentary group from the Institutional Revolutionary Party and as a president of the Political Coordination Assembly.  Elected as a municipal mayor from Ecatepec twise, from 2003 to 2006, then from 2009 to 2012. Was an undersecretary from the state of Mexico government in Nezahualcoyotl region from 2001 to 2002 and the president of the Comite Direcitvo Estatal from the PRI in 2006.  On March 26, 2011 he requested permission to leave his charge as a municipal mayor from Ecatepec for start a registration as a candidate as governor of the State of Mexico on March 27.

Governor of State of Mexico.

Health.

On November 18, 2014, as governor of the State of Mexico, he opened the center "Ciudad de la Salud para la Mujer" in Cautitlan city. This center brings specialized attention to women, offering special attention on geriatrics and maternity, a specialized area on detection and prevention on breast cancer, and psychological help on addiction treatments are given in the center too. Months after it was opened and thanks to the good results, a second center was opened in Huixquilucan on May 11, 2015. The president of Mexico, Enrique Peña Nieto gave instructions to copy this kind of center for another cities around the country.  On child health, he opened a lactaction bank in different zones around the State of Mexico. The first was the Hospital Materno-Infantil "Mónica Pretelini", opened on January 15, 2013 in Toluca city, the second bank was opened in Chalco called Hospital Materno-Infantil "Josefa Ortiz de Dominguez", it attends more than 9 thousand mothers. After it another one was opened in Naucalpan on August 9, 2013 and after a month 3 more banks were opened in Atlacomulco, Tenancingo and Ecatepec. On June 19, 2013 Eruviel Avila received the award from the International Union against Cancer for the best governmental organization, thanks to his actions on prevention and attention on this decease. By June 2013, the first robotized pharmacy was opened in Cuautitlán city, built to provide exactly dosage and prevent auto medication, after that the Specialized on VIH Center started operations in Ixtapaluca, the first of its kind in the country.  Meanwhile, his administration, the Instituto Materno Infantil del Estado de México gave for the first time an electronic vaccination booklet. In November 2014, the Health Secretary gave to the State of Mexico a certification as the first entity in Mexico free from malaria since the past 25 years.  On June 3, 2015 the first Regional Blood Bank was opened at the Valle de México, where urgencies from west zone and all the Valle de México are attended. Eruviel Ávila was the first blood donor for the bank. A specialized in addictions center (Centro Especializado de Prevención y Rehabilitación de Adicciones) in Metepec city started operating on a July 29, 2015 where they give special treatments for addictions.

Social development.

On August 12, 2012 with the help from the Health Secretary, started the Caravana de la Salud, an initiative where mobile units bring medical attention to the different Estado de Mexico zones in need from health.  Thanks to the "Sistema para el Desarrollo Integral de la Familia" (DIFEM) and the Secretaria de Desarrollo Agropecuario started an initiative called Canastas Alimentarias Hortofruticolas, which was designed to improve the nutrition from poor families and to contribute in the consume of agricultural products, fruits and vegetables of the region.  During Eruviel Avila administration was implemented the "needed divorce", a legal term that facilitated the process of divorce in child abuse inside the family cases, reducing prices for these cases. Centers for Raped Women were implemented for victims of these social problem. For families with just one parent a program called "De la mano con Papá" was developed to bring capacitation, alimentation programs, medical attention and other things.  By the year 2013, a translation in different dialects about the kids and teenager's rights was made with the purpose to expand these rights to natives Mexicans. That same year, was opened the "Procuraduria para la Defensa del Contribuyente" a mechanism in charged to defend and promote the citizen who pay their taxes.  By the end of 2015, the Sistema para el Desarrollo Integral de la Familia from State of Mexico (DIF) inaugurated a special clinic for nutrition called NutriDIF, this center as equipped with the needed technology to optimize different nutrition programs for poor families.

Education.

With the purpose of generate more opportunities for students who try to get into the productive sector; the Estado de Mexico government established in 2011 a dual education model, this kind of educational model is currently used in countries as Germany, Denmark and France among others, all this in order to link students of high school and bachelor's degree with work field via internships in the productive industry.  During the second year of Eruviel Avila's public management was started the program called " 10 Actions for Education" which is targeted to students of all educational levels. All the students who meet all the requirements of this program will qualify to benefits as economic support through the card "La Efectiva", school accident insurance, student exchange scholarships, computers, special education support, scholar kits, among others benefits; Another programs have been developed within this actions, for example "Left-handed Students Program" and "Digital Skills for Everyone".  Regarding to educational infrastructure, in 2012 the "Digital University of Estado de Mexico" was inaugurated, this educational center has an educational offer of 26 professional careers, besides the opportunity of study a high school, bachelor or master's degree in prestige educational centers; in May 2015 the "Unidad de Estudios Superiores de Ecatepec (school belonging to Universidad Mexiquense del Bicentenario) opened its doors, nowadays this center has an enrollment of 500 students in careers like Business Management Engineering, Logistics and Distribution Engineering among others. On the other hand, until 2015 were inaugurated 164 of the called "Digital Libraries" in collaboration with "Fundacion Proacceso", "Enova" and State government, this kind of places offers availability of ebooks, audiobooks and internet for free. In 2012 was signed the ‘Acuerdo Estratégico por la Educación Media Superior y Superior’ en el Edoméx que cuentan con servicio de libros electrónicos, audiolibros e internet de forma gratuita y, hasta 2015, suman 164., which was countersigned in 2015, due to the high number of people who applied and don't achieve enter to Universidad Autonoma del Estado de Mexico, this agreement allows to nine thousand students to enter to high school education and four thousand students to University education in one of the more of 400 educational centers along the state.  Also, the program "Apoyo a la Gestion Escolar", which began in May 2013, gives funds to obtain equipment and furniture to kindergarten, elementary and middle schools and grant optimal conditions for students in more of two thousand school along the state.  Few months later, the first stage of "Programa de Infraestructura Prefabricados" started, in this program were invested more of 16 million Mexican pesos to improve infrastructure as toilets, cafeterias, classrooms computing and classrooms in general with prefabricated materials which allow a quick installation besides of been double resistant.  In August 2013 the pilot program "Red Escolar de Colaboración y Reforzamiento Educativo Oportuno (RECREO)" was implemented, with this program more of four thousand electronic tablets were delivered to students of elementary schools; the main goal of this program is to monitor the improvement of the students at the same time that technology is been introducing to students and teachers of fifth and sixth grade.  In both to strengthen the improvement of children, in November 2013, the Estado de Mexico government launched the program called "Programa por una cultura de vida saludable", through which information about hygiene, nutrition and health is offered by different talks to students of elementary, in addition to this, another goal is to encourage them to play sports with which their quality of life is improved.  In order to identify and combat the scholar bullying in state schools the program "Programa de VAlores por una Convivencia Escolar Armonica" was started, which developed an Anti-bullying training workshop called ZERO, this program was a recommendation for Latin-American countries by the European Union, likewise were developed the "Comites de Convivencia Escolar Armonica de Educacion Media Superior", which are committees specialized with the main objective of generate actions to contribute to change the social environment in the educational centers.  Also the Education Ministry of the state in addition with International Affairs Ministry made available to all Mexican citizens who live in the US the program "Programa de Atencion a Migrantes en Servicios de Control Escolar" in order to make easier via web the process to obtain official documents which support their educational training conducted in any of the Estado de Mexico's schools.  In 2015 with the firm intention of reduce waiting times, procedures and costs, the program "Titulacion Simplificada" was implemented, this program gives the students the opportunity to obtain their high school or university certification in a very quick and simple way; this allows to more of 66 thousand students to obtain their certification with a low cost of time and money.

Tourism.

In 2011 was signed the agreement with federal authorities for the improvement and development of Teotihuacán Tourism Corridors and East Zone. In September 2012 in coordination with the federation, held the Amendment Agreement Reallocation of Resources, which had the perform work to perfect the urban image, train and certify personnel to ensure quality service in the Magic Towns and the State of Mexico. An example of the work done was the changes in the distribution network of overhead power lines to underground in Metepec, these works allowed removing power poles and thereby improve the image of the Magic Town. About tourism security, in 2013 the Tourist Police was established in Tepotzotlán, this corporation has bilingual element as their preparation is focused on providing the foreign and domestic tourists needed care. To promote the crafts of the entity, in May 2013 he made an agreement with the Vatican State to commercialize the works of Mexican artisans in the showcases of museums in the city, that became the State of Mexico in the first entity in exporting to the Vatican.  In gastronomic tourism, Eruviel Ávila run the Dinner in The Sky Experience in Teotihuacán. This food experience is about enjoying food cooked with typical ingredients and prepared by renowned chefs in a 147.5 ft platform.  Cultural festivals have been a resource to stimulate the tourism in Estado de México. A good example is the Cultural Festival of Malinalco; this festival started in April 2014 to promote culture and tourism in the local town. In the other hand, the government have created public spaces that promote ecotourism, like the ecotouristic park Corral de Piedra in Amanalco.  In July 2014, Eruviel Ávila and Secretaría de Turismo Federal presented a touristic space for the monarch butterfly. In October 2015, the UNESCO gave Teotihuacán a special protection against any situation to preserve the archeological zone.  By the end of 2015, Eruviel Ávila gave five towns the nomination of Pueblo mágico. Estado de México is the state with more towns in this category and have implemented diverse programs to stimulate tourism.

CONAGO.

During his position as president of the CONAGO (Conferencia Nacional de Gobernadores), Eruviel Ávila treated different subjects related to transparency, formality on jobs, an only police power, between others.  Speaking of transparency, some agreements were promoted with the Public Funsion Secretary, SFP (Secretaria de la Función Publica) and the Nacional System of Transparency (SNT) to consolidate responsible and transparent governments, thanks to the right of free access to information and the fight to corruption inside the public politics.  By October 2015, the federal government and the CONAGO made an agreement called CIEN (Certificación de Infraestructura en Educación) with the purpose of attend and improve the infrastructure of the school buildings.  In the labor trade, the CONAGO pushed some politics for the inclusion of people with disabilities to the labor market. By November 2015, in association with the CONASETRA (Conferencia Nacional de Secretarios del Trabajo) a trade of labor politics was made, where the priority to include the young people in the labor market was exposed, increasing the job opportunities and the diffusion of those, reducing the difficulties to find a first job and creating innovating micro business programs.  In December 2015, a trade in collaboration with the CONAGO and SCHP, the use for an electronic signature called FIEL was stablished, this mechanism was created to speed up and make clear all the fiscal procedures.  In equality and genre discrimination, the CONAGO made a deal with the secretary of external relationships, Claudia Ruiz Massieu, who claimed the different international agreements that Mexico has with the Convencion sobre la Eliminiación de todas las Formas de discriminación contra la Mujer, a convention for women discriminated.  Trying to create secure corporations for citizens, Eruviel Ávila stablished the process of ratify profiles and attitudes before designate a function to people in charge from the institutions of social security. In January 2016, an initiative about the implementation of a Unic State Police was presented to the Congress searching for a better police in the state.  In economy of the state, some proposals and agreements were exposed to promote the exports, bring external investment and help Mexican companies at the exterior; an example for this was the creation of an agreement between the CONAGO and ProMexico.

Eruviel Ávila Villegas (born May 1, 1969) is a Mexican politician, member of the Institutional Revolutionary Party (Partido Revolucionario Institucional, PRI), and the Governor of the State of Mexico from 2011 to 2017. Before that, he was Mayor of Ecatepec de Morelos twice, from 2003 to 2006 and from 2009 to 2012, and deputy of the State of Mexico's Congress.


Conflict.

The Marxist government of South Yemen was alleged to be supplying aid to rebels in the north through the National Democratic Front and crossing the border.  On 24 February, forces from North and South Yemen began firing at each other across the border. Force from North Yemen, led by some radical army officers, crossed the border into South Yemen and attacked a number of villages. The PDRY, with support from the Soviet Union, Cuba, and East Germany, responded by invading the north using 3 regular divisions and a Tactical Air Force regiment. The PDRY was also supported by the NDF, who were in the midst of fighting their own rebellion against the government of North Yemen. Within 3 days of the invasion, the numerically smaller South Yemeni forces had established complete air superiority over the theater, thus forcing the North Yemeni Ground Forces on the back foot for the rest of the War.  The South Yemeni attack carried the advantage of surprise and was spearheaded by the an Artillery barrage and groups of Sappers, who were effectively able to blow up the early warning air defences and radars and thus help the Air Force establish air superiority within days over much of Taizz and Dhale Governorates and parts of Al Bayda Governorate, after getting the better off the weak resistance put up by a North Yemeni Air Force squadron in a dogfight that saw most of the North Yemeni planes being downed. After the initial Air Force attack, a South Yemeni Armoured Division composed of T-55 and T-62 Tanks spearheaded the ground assault on a Yemeni Armoured Division stationed near Taizz city, followed by an Infantry Division covered by an Artillery Brigade providing fire support with BM-21 Grad rockets and M-46 field howitzers. This was soon followed by the South Yemeni Air Force further destroying several North Yemeni MiG-21 fighter jets and helicopters on the ground in airfields and airbases in Dhamar, thus preventing any chance of a Northern aerial counter-attack. The war dragged on for nearly a month, with North Yemen being unable to send reinforcement units from Sana'a down to Taizz due to the constant Southern airstrikes and aggressive air patrolling hitting reinforcement convoys on difficult and winding mountain roads as far north as Dhamar. Although Northern forces vastly outnumbered Southern forces overall, they were outnumbered and overwhelmed within the theater of operations in and around Taizz and Dhale, since a single Division had to face an attack from three enemy Divisions without any reinforcement or close air support due to the Southern air patrolling and airstrikes on Northern roads throughout the month. On 8 March, the South Yemeni Air Force managed to carry out an attack on Sana'a City, with 3 Su-22 bombers with 5 MiG-21 fighters flying top cover, dropping 500-pound bombs on a Mechanized Infantry base and strafing the Judges' Court and Central Prison, causing mass panic among civilians. North Yemeni Air Defences operating the SA-3 engaged and managed to shoot down one of the bombers and one MiG-21, capturing the pilots. Another deep raid on 10th March saw 4 South Yemeni MiG-21s strafe an Airbase and the Sea port near Hodeidah, sinking a civilian Egyptian cargo ship, but being met with sudden interception from a squadron of North Yemeni MiG-21s with the result that one of the South Yemeni MiGs were shot down and crashed into the Sea, killing the Pilot. With losses escalating, Northern forces appearing on the verge of exhaustion, and Southern forces capturing a wide range of Northern territory and besieging the cities of Taizz and Al Bayda within two weeks, and a South Yemeni Infantry Brigade maanging to capture some suburbs of Taizz, Saudi Arabia and the United States rushed arms to bolster the government of North Yemen by 9-10 March. Citing the alleged Soviet-backed PDRY aggression against the YAR, and the threat this could pose to U.S. ally Saudi Arabia, the United States greatly stepped up military assistance to the YAR government.  As part of this the U.S. shipped 18 F-5E planes to the YAR in order to strengthen the government. However, there were no YAR pilots trained in flying the F-5E, and as a result the U.S. and Saudi Arabia arranged to have 80 Taiwanese pilots plus ground crew and Iraqi anti-air defense units sent to North Yemen. A U.S. Navy task force was also sent to the Arabian Sea in response to the escalating violence. The War showed the weakness and lacunae in the North Yemeni Military training and equipment, and soon its allies started an aggressive re-armament and training programme for the YAR Army to enable it to regain strategic balance and parity against superior trained PDRY forces. The North Yemen allies, led by Egypt, Iraq and Saudi Arabia, soon provided lots of military aid, equipment and training in order to plug the shortage caused due to the losses in the War, and by 1983-84, the North had regained its strength

Aftermath.

Kuwait Agreement of 1979.

On 20 March the leaders of North and South Yemen called a bilateral ceasefire met in Kuwait for a reconciliation summit, in part at the strong insistence of Iraq. The talks were mediated by the Arab League. Under the Kuwait Agreement, both parties reaffirmed their commitment to the goal and process of Yemeni Unification, as had been spelled out in the Cairo Agreement of 1972. This agreement to unify was particularly the result of pressure from Iraq, Syria, and Kuwait, all of whom advocated for a unified Arab world in order to best respond to the issues arising from the Camp David accords, the Soviet invasion of Afghanistan, and the Iranian Revolution. POWs were exchanged within the next two months, and work for a draft constitution for a united Yemen proceeded over the next two years, however most attempts to implement the spirit and letter of the agreement were put on hold until 1982, and the end of the rebellion by the South Yemen supported National Democratic Front.

The Yemenite War of 1979 was a short military conflict between the Yemen Arab Republic (YAR; North Yemen) and the People's Democratic Republic of Yemen (PDRY; South Yemen). The war developed out of a breakdown in relations between the two countries after the president of North Yemen, Ahmad al-Ghashmi, was killed on 24 June 1978 and Salim Rubai Ali, a moderate Marxist who had been working on a proposed merger between the two Yemens, was murdered two days later. The hostility of the rhetoric from the new leadership of both countries escalated, leading to small scale border fighting, which then in turn escalated into a full blown war in February 1979. North Yemen appeared on the edge of a decisive defeat after a three-front invasion by South Yemeni combined arms formation, however this was prevented by a successful mediation in the form of the Kuwait Agreement of 1979, which resulted in Arab League forces being deployed to patrol the North-South border. An agreement to unite both countries was also signed, although was not implemented.


Overview.

Unlike more traditional techniques of quantum field theory, conformal bootstrap does not use the Lagrangian of the theory. Instead, it operates with the general axiomatic parameters, such as the scaling dimensions of the local operators and their operator product expansion coefficients. A key axiom is that the product of local operators must be expressible as a sum over local operators (thus turning the product into an algebra); the sum must have a non-zero radius of convergence. This leads to decompositions of correlation functions into structure constants and conformal blocks.  The main ideas of the conformal bootstrap were formulated in the 1970s by the Soviet physicist Alexander Polyakov and the Italian physicists Sergio Ferrara, and Aurelio Grillo. Other early pioneers of this idea were and.  In two dimensions, the conformal bootstrap was demonstrated to work in 1983 by Alexander Belavin, Alexander Polyakov and Alexander Zamolodchikov. Many two-dimensional conformal field theories were solved using this method, notably the minimal models and the Liouville field theory.  In higher dimensions, the conformal bootstrap started to develop following the 2008 paper by Riccardo Rattazzi,, Erik Tonni and Alessandro Vichi. The method was since used to obtain many general results about conformal and superconformal field theories in three, four, five and six dimensions. Applied to the conformal field theory describing the critical point of the three-dimensional Ising model, it produced the world's most precise predictions for its critical exponents.

Current research.

The international Simons Collaboration on the Nonperturbative Bootstrap unites researchers devoted to developing and applying the conformal bootstrap and other related techniques in quantum field theory.

History of the name.

The modern usage of the term "conformal bootstrap" was introduced in 1984 by Belavin et al. In the earlier literature, the name was sometimes used to denote a different approach to conformal field theories, nowadays referred to as the skeleton expansion or the "old bootstrap". This older method is perturbative in nature, and is not directly related to the conformal bootstrap in the modern sense of the term.

The conformal bootstrap is a non-perturbative mathematical method to constrain and solve conformal field theories, i.e. models of particle physics or statistical physics that exhibit similar properties at different levels of resolution.


Function.

Transcriptional regulation.

KMT2A gene encodes a transcriptional coactivator that plays an essential role in regulating gene expression during early development and hematopoiesis. The encoded protein contains multiple conserved functional domains. One of these domains, the SET domain, is responsible for its histone H3 lysine 4 (H3K4) methyltransferase activity which mediates chromatin modifications associated with epigenetic transcriptional activation. Enriched in the nucleus, the MLL1 enzyme trimethylates H3K4 (H3K4me3). It also upregulates mono- and dimethylation of H3K4. This protein is processed by the enzyme Taspase 1 into two fragments, MLL-C (~180 kDa) and MLL-N (~320 kDa). These fragments then assemble into different multi-protein complexes that regulate the transcription of specific target genes, including many of the HOX genes.  Transcriptome profiling after deletion of MLL1 in cortical neurons revealed decreased promoter-bound H3K4me3 peaks at 318 genes, with 31 of these having significantly decreased expression and promoter binding. Among them were "Meis2", a homeobox transcription factor critical for development of forebrain neurons and "Satb2", a protein involved in neuronal differentiation.  Multiple chromosomal translocations involving this gene are the cause of certain acute lymphoid leukemias and acute myeloid leukemias. Alternate splicing results in multiple transcript variants.

Cognition and emotion.

MLL1 has been shown to be an important epigenetic regulator of complex behaviors. Rodent models of MLL1 dysfunction in forebrain neurons showed that conditional deletion results in elevated anxiety and defective cognition. Prefrontal cortex-specific knockout of MLL1 results in the same phenotypes, as well as working memory deficits.

Stem cells.

MLL1 has been found to be an important regulator of epiblast-derived stem cells, post-implantation epiblast derived stem cells which display pluripotency yet many recognizable differences from the traditional embryonic stem cells derived from inner cell mass prior to implantation. Suppression of MLL1 expression was shown to be adequate for inducing ESC-like morphology and behavior within 72 hours of treatment. It has been proposed that the small molecule inhibitor MM-401, which was used to inhibit MLL1, changes the distribution of H3K4me1, the single methylation of the histone H3 lysine 4, to be significantly downregulated at MLL1 targets thus leading to decreased expression of MLL1 targets, rather than a direct regulation of pluripotency core markers.

Structure.

Gene.

KMT2A gene has 37 exons and resides on chromosome 11 at q23.

Protein.

KMT2A has over a dozen of binding partners and is cleaved into two pieces, a larger N-terminal fragment, involved in gene repression, and a smaller C-terminal fragment, which is a transcriptional activator. The cleavage, followed by the association of the two fragments, is necessary for KMT2A to be fully active. Like many other methyltransferases, the KMT2 family members exist in multisubunit nuclear complexes (human COMPASS), where other subunits also mediate the enzymatic activity.

Clinical significance.

Abnormal H3K4 trimethylation has been implicated in several neurological disorders such as autism. Humans with cognitive and neurodevelopmental disease often have dysregulation of H3K4 methylation in prefrontal cortex (PFC) neurons. It also may participate in the process of GAD67 downregulation in schizophrenia.  Rearrangements of the MLL1 gene are associated with aggressive acute leukemias, both lymphoblastic and myeloid. Despite being an aggressive leukemia, the MLL1 rearranged sub-type had the lowest mutation rates reported for any cancer.  Mutations in MLL1 cause Wiedemann-Steiner syndrome and Acute lymphoblastic leukemia. The leukemia cells of up to 80 percent of infants with ALL-1 have a chromosomal rearrangement that fuses the MLL1 gene to a gene on a different chromosome.

Interactions.

MLL (gene) has been shown to interact with:

Histone-lysine "N"-methyltransferase 2A also known as acute lymphoblastic leukemia 1 (ALL-1), myeloid/lymphoid or mixed-lineage leukemia 1 (MLL1), or zinc finger protein HRX (HRX) is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the KMT2A gene.


Timeworks Desktop Publisher.

The TOS version of Timeworks relied on the GDOS software components, which were available from Atari but were often distributed with applications that required them. GDOS provided TOS/GEM with a standardized method for installing printer drivers and additional fonts, although these were limited to bitmapped fonts in all but the later releases. GDOS had a reputation for being difficult to configure, used a lot of system resources and was fairly buggy, meaning that Timeworks could struggle to run on systems without a hard disk and less than 2 MB of memory - but it was possible, and for many users Timeworks was an inexpensive introduction to desktop publishing.  For the IBM PC, Timeworks Publisher ran on Digital Research's GEM Desktop (supplied with the program) as a runtime system. Later versions ran on Microsoft Windows.  Version 2 of Timeworks Publisher included full WYSIWYG, paragraph tagging, manual control of kerning, text and graphics imports and more fonts. Timeworks Publisher 2.1 with GEM/5 is known to have supported Bézier curves already.

Publish-It!

In the US, Timeworks Inc. marketed the program as Publish-It!. Released in 1988, there were versions available for IBM PC (running over the GEM environment), Apple Macintosh, and Apple II (Enhanced IIe or better) computers.

KeyPublisher.

SoftKey KeyPublisher 1.0 (versions 1.19 and 1.21) was a version of Publish-It! 1.0 for PCs with GEM produced by Softkey Software Products Inc. in 1991.

DESKpress.

DESKpress was a version aimed at the business market, and Press International was a later CD-based multilingual version for Windows.

Other names.

The product was also sold under other names including NEBS PageMagic (changed after objections from Adobe), Macmillan Publisher, Canon Publisher, and many other brands, distinguished by use of the.DTP file extension. The latest version was sold as Greenstreet Publisher 4 and is downwards file compatible with earlier versions.

Timeworks Publisher was a desktop publishing (DTP) program produced by GST Software in the United Kingdom. It is notable as the first affordable DTP program for the IBM PC. In appearance and operation, it was a Ventura Publisher clone, but it was possible to run it on a computer without a hard disk.


Description.

Dentition.

The teeth of "Stenaulorhynchus" were conical, pointed, and composed mostly of dentine, although new unworn teeth may have had a thin layer of enamel. They were set deeply into and fused with the jaw bones. They are arranged with two-to-several rows of teeth on top and only a few on bottom. The middle row of maxillary teeth only occupied the posterior third of the jaw while the other rows extended all the way forwards and sometimes down the crest of the jaw. The teeth at the front of the mouth, by the beak, were smaller with larger teeth in the middle portion of the jaw. The lower teeth included one raised row of buccal teeth and several rows running diagonally on the medial and lingual portions. The teeth continued to grow throughout the animals life but, unlike with reptiles, the new teeth formed at the back of the tooth row. That happened within the groove on the surface of the lower jaw and three grooves on the maxilla. The lateral As they grew in, the teeth moved forward in the jaw through a combination of growth and remodeling. Instead of occluding their teeth together, "Stenaulorhynchus" had teeth that occluded against bone, which would wear the teeth down. Over time, the surfaces of the jaw bones would erode as well, causing the maxillary grooves to become shallower and more rounded.

Cranial.

Some of the cranial features of "Stenaulorhynchus" include afrontal bone that is broader than it is long, the presence of a pineal foramen and a lack of ornamention on the jugal bone. Their postorbital The occipital condyles are significantly anterior to the quadrates and the quadrate and articular fit tightly together to form a jaw joint that wouldn't have allowed for much rotation. They area also known for their beak, formed at the front of their upper and lower jaws.

Postcranial.

The dorsal vertebrae have a centrum that is taller than it is wide and slightly amphicoelous in shape. The parapophyses and prezygapophyses are distinct that have articular surfaces about 30 degrees above horizontal. The caudal vertebrae have tall neural spines and the second cervical rib has a backwards pointing spine. Their ischium fans out towards the rear of the animal.  The humerus is robust. At the proximal end, the shaft is bent backwards and expanded along the coronal plane. The distal humerus has a flat posterior surface and a curved ectepicondylar groove. The radius and ulna are the same length.  The femur is circular in cross-section and, as with the humerus, the proximal end is bent backwards. Both ends of the femur are expanded and the proximal end has no neck and a prominent greater trochanter. The distal end has thickened condyles with a groove on the lateral side.

Paleobiology.

Microscopic analysis of thin-sections of bone have shown that "Stenaulorhynchus" had an determinant growth pattern, reaching 2/3 of their adult size within one year. The rate of bone deposition in the tibia and femur were 7-10 times higher within that year than in years 2-5. After 5 years of age, less than 1 micron of bone a day was deposited. It would have grown slower than archosauriformes, the South American rhynchosaur species, saurischian dinosaurs, and birds. "Stenaulorhynchus" continued to grow teeth throughout its life.Juveniles started out with three rows of upper teeth, with only one lateral to the main groove running along the upper surface of the maxilla. By the time they were adults, "Stenaulorhynchus" had several rows of maxillary teeth, one or more of which were lateral to the main maxillary groove. Older teeth would wear down with use and be resorbed where they contacted other teeth.  "Stenaulorhynchus" may have been adapted for scratch-digging.

Discovery.

The fossils were collected in 1930 by the British geologist G. M. Stockley during a survey commissioned by the Tanganyika Geological Survey Department. The goal was to better understand the “economic possibilities” of the Ruhaha Basin within Tanganyika Territory. He primarily collected fossils that had weathered out of the rock on the surface. The fossil collection was then described by Sidney Henry Haughton. While "Stenaulorhynchus" is the dominant vertebrate in the Manda beds, they also included a Dicynodont and vertebrae from an unidentified Theropod.  The specimens weren’t all correctly labeled since bones from different localities fit together. More surprisingly, a coprolite was mislabeled as a maxillary fragment. Haughton also described a species which he named "Stenaulorhynchus major," which he said differed primarily in size, based on a distal left and right humerus fragments. Those specimens were later identified as "Stagonosuchus nyassicus", a suchian archosaur from the same locality and horizon.

Classification.

"Stenaulorhynchus" shares characteristics with other early rhynchosaurs, including their ankylothecodont dentition (teeth within deep sockets and fused to the bone) and precision-shear bite. They also have double-bladed dentaries and grooves on the upper surface of the maxilla. One of the differences between them is that "Stenaulorhynchus" had smaller maxillary teeth with a larger gap between the tooth rows. "Stenaulorhynchus" is differentiated from the later "Hyperadapedon" by its more lateral eyes, more forward braincase, and longer lower jaw with the teeth located more anteriorly. Hyperadapedons also lack the double-bladed dentary that the early genera have. The only absolute synapomorphy between all the rhynchosaurs is that the dentary is at least half the total length of the jaw.  Stenaulorhynchinae, a subfamily of rhynchosaurs including "Stenaulorhhynchus", has been proposed. Based on an analysis of morphological characteristics, one study defines it as including all taxa that are more closely related to "Stenaulorhynchus stockleyi" than "Hyperodapedon gordoni". The defining traits include having many teeth on the tongue side of the maxilla and a reduced size of the maxillary occlusal teeth allowing more teeth per row.  "Stenaulorhynchus" has also been labeled as a sister-taxa to the Brazilian genus "Brasinorhynchus" which also has three or more tooth rows medial to the main maxillary groove but lacks the centrum contribution to the parapophyses and diaphophyses.

Geology.

"Stenaulorhynchus" is found in the Upper Bone Bed in the Njalili locality, part of the Lifua Member of the Manda Formation. It is composed of proximal floodplain paleosol deposits. Articulated specimens of "Stenaulorhynchus" have been found, suggesting that they may have mummified before burial. The surface of the bed has been exposed by tributaries eroding away the rock. During the Triassic, the floodplain would have been covered by springs and ponds. Rises in precipitation and mean annual temperature may have led to an increase in perennial vegetation, as well.

Stenaulorhynchus (possibly meaning "narrow tube beak") is an extinct genus of hyperodapedontid rhynchosaur known from the Middle Triassic (late Anisian stage) deposits of Tanganyika Territory, Tanzania. It was found in the Lifua Member of the Manda Formation in the Karoo Supergroup. It was named and first described by Sidney Henry Haughton in 1932. The type species is "Stenaulorhynchus stockleyi", a beaked herbivore measuring 1-6 meters in length.


History.

The museum was founded in 1897 by art historian George Fisk Comfort (who also helped found the Metropolitan Museum of Art); at that time, it was called the Syracuse Museum of Fine Arts. In 1911, it announced that it would seek to collect only American art.  Over time the museum occupied several different buildings, including the Onondaga Savings Bank and the Syracuse Public Library, but it outgrew each facility.  In 1941, Helen Everson made a gift to the city of Syracuse for the purpose of erecting an art museum. A groundbreaking took place in 1965, and in 1968 the new Everson Museum of Art opened. The new building was designed by internationally acclaimed architect I. M. Pei, and is regarded as a work of art in its own right.  The Everson Museum collaborates with Light Work and the Urban Video Project (UVP) to exhibit video art on the facade of the building, including important works by Bill Viola, Jenny Holzer, William Wegman, among others. In the summer, they host a film series which is very popular for residents of Syracuse.

Skateboarding.

Skateboarders started skating at the Everson Museum of Art in the mid-1980s. The museum is a famous location for skateboarders, considered by some an “East Coast skate mecca". Filmmaker Bill Strobeck grew up outside of Syracuse and often came to Everson to skate with friends in the 1990s. In the plaza outside of the museum, Strobeck first started filming his friends skating. At that time, the museum welcomed the skaters to skate the plaza. In 2007, it was illegal to skate the plaza; however, on June 21, on National Go Skateboarding Day, skateboarders were allowed to skate at the museum. As of 2007, Central New York skateboarders have a campaign to re-open the plaza to skateboarding, using the saying "FREE eVe" meaning free the Everson Museum of Art. The current status of skateboarding at the museum is unknown.

Collection.

The Everson houses roughly 11,000 pieces of art, including paintings, sculpture, ceramics, and video.  Paintings include one of Gilbert Stuart's portraits of George Washington, Edward Hicks's "The Peaceable Kingdom", and works by Eastman Johnson, Charles Burchfield, Helen Frankenthaler, Jackson Pollock and others as well as outdoors sculptures (Marja Vallila). In 1980 the Everson introduced Ching Ho Cheng's "Intimate Illuminations", the first Chinese-American contemporary painter to exhibit a one-man show nationally.  The Syracuse China Center for the Study of Ceramics is one of the largest ceramics collections in the nation, with pieces ranging from ancient sculpture and Ming dynasty porcelain up to contemporary works.  The museum established one of the first video art collections in the United States; its video collection is the largest in the world. Nam June Paik exhibited early works at the Everson, including his United States retrospective in 1974. Bill Viola's first job was as a video technician at the Everson; his works are now in the collection.  The museum also has a collection of Arts and Crafts Movement furniture, featuring a number of works of Gustav Stickley.

Location and opening hours.

The museum is located in the southeast corner of Downtown Syracuse, at 401 Harrison Street, near the Oncenter complex. It is directly accessible from Interstate 81 Exit 18 (Adams Street / Harrison Street).  Currently, the museum is open the following hours:

Notable traveling exhibitions.

The Everson has presented a number of exhibitions that are available for loan, either in entirety or broken down as individual artworks, including:

The Everson Museum of Art ( ) in Downtown Syracuse, New York is a major Central New York museum focusing on American art.


Creation.

Robert Kirkman conceptualized the character after scrapping the idea of

Appearances.

Comic book series.

Here's Negan.

Prior to the outbreak, Negan was the coach of a local high school, keeping his players in line through intimidation and bullying. He is happily married to his wife, Lucille, but nonetheless has a mistress on the side who doesn't know he is married. During an argument, Lucille collapses and he rushes her to the hospital, where she is diagnosed with cancer. As his

A Larger World.

At some point after the outbreak, Negan is found by a group led by a man named Dwight. He slowly takes control over this group from Dwight, renaming them the Saviors and ruling them with an iron fist. Negan, along with his team (which includes at least 50 or more

Something To Fear.

Later, Negan, along with 50 other Saviors, snuck up on Rick's group and subdued Rick by surprise. They lined up all of the survivors from the van (Rick, Carl, Glenn, Maggie, Michonne, and Heath), telling them that Negan wanted revenge for the Saviors who were killed. Without Rick's consent, Negan imposed a binding deal: everything that belonged to the Alexandria Safe-Zone now belonged to the Saviors. Negan

What Comes After.

Negan and the Saviors later arrived at the Alexandria Safe-Zone for their first offering. Negan and the Saviors begin killing the roamers in the surrounding area and scavenge each of the houses for supplies. Negan and his men depart from the Safe-Zone with supplies, but, unbeknownst to them, Carl is hiding in the truck with an assault rifle. Once the Saviors get back to their base, Negan is amazed to see that Dwight is still alive. A Savior finds Carl, and Carl uses the rifle to kill

March to War.

Several days later, Negan arrives at the Alexandria Safe-Zone a few days ahead of schedule; he's informed that the community is "practically" out of supplies, and Rick went out looking for more. Negan decides that he will stay in Alexandria until Rick returns from the supply run. Negan is later approached by Spencer Monroe who tells Negan that Rick is not a suitable leader for the community and asks that once Negan assassinates Rick, he be given control over the Safe-Zone. He responds by telling Spencer that Rick may hate him, but, he has guts, unlike Spencer, who acted like a coward. Negan then slashes Spencer's stomach, killing him almost instantly.

All Out War.

Several days later, Rick's army arrives at the Saviors' base and demands that Negan come out. Rick offers him a chance to surrender and spare the women and children in his community. " Negan refuses Rick's offer, and reveals that Gregory has defected to the Saviors, meaning that Hilltop is now under Negan’s control. He calls Dwight, ordering him to bring the men from the outposts back to help drive off Rick's army. Dwight agrees but due to the commotion, Negan doesn't notice the former's hesitation to act immediately. As more men rush outside, Negan orders them to start shooting the army before all their snipers are killed. He suddenly notices that all their snipers are taking cover and is initially confused as to why Rick's militia are shooting not the snipers, but the windows. He then notices the large herd of zombies that are rapidly approaching the Sanctuary walls. Suddenly, Holly drives through the fence, destroying a portion of it and letting the herd inside. Negan frantically orders his men back inside the foundry but notices that Holly is still alive. He sees a zombie about to kill her and dispatches it. As she looks up, Negan smiles and says that she wasn't "going to get off THAT fucking easy." As the zombies converge on the courtyard area, the Saviors retreat inside the foundry to develop a new strategy.  Negan delivers an analogy to a group of Saviors about how you can destroy a man

A New Beginning.

Two years after the war, Carl goes to the basement of an unknown house and talks to a figure in the shadows. He then says to Carl that he enjoys their talks and that it is good for him to keep track of the time and days passed. Carl says he is leaving, but before he leaves, the figure asks him if, after all this time, all the things they have shared and the talks they have had, Carl still wants to kill him. He turns around and faces the person behind bars, simply saying: "Yes, Negan. You know I do." Negan asks how he was supposed to know that Carl wanted to kill him and tells him not to insult his intelligence. Negan says that he thought the two of them were friends

Life and Death.

Some time later, Negan is bathing and having his hair cut by Olivia outside his cell door. After finishing, Negan walks back to his cell at gunpoint from Andrea, who calls him a 'fucking monster,' much to Negan's amusement. Olivia then proceeds to lock the door, and they both leave Negan alone. However, it turns out Olivia didn't lock Negan's cell properly as the door swings open, which

No Turning Back.

After a tumultuous community meeting regarding Rick's proposed plan regarding the Whisperers, Rick goes to Negan's cell and asks for his help. He fills him in on everything that has happened since they've come into conflict with this

Call to Arms.

While in his cell, Negan is approached by Brandon Rose, a young Hilltop resident who bears a grudge against Rick, Carl, Sophia, and the Whisperers; Rick killed his father as an act of self-defense, Carl beat him up after he had attacked Sophia who beat him up, and Alpha beheaded his mother. He proposes to help Negan escape, and Negan says he will think about it. Later on, Rick and Michonne discover Negan's empty cell. After his escape, Negan and Brandon enter Whisperer terrain. Here Brandon tells Negan that he wants Negan to pit Rick and the Whisperers against one another. In response, Negan stabs Brandon in the chest and enters the Whisperer zone

The Whisperer War.

A week after disappearing, Negan turns up with Alpha's severed head and shows it to Rick and Andrea, who are very hesitant to believe and trust him. Negan reassures them that he only wants trust. He says Rick's way of thinking is inspiring and tries to convince them that his time in prison has rehabilitated him. He says he could've taken several chances and attacked Rick, but he didn't. He wants to fight with him, not against him. Rick finally agrees to let Negan out of the cell, but not in a community. He will live in an outpost, alone, with only enough food and weaponry

Rest in Peace.

In the final issue, 20 years later, it is revealed that Negan is still alive. He avoids all contact with the other survivors, living on food parcels left by Carl and maintaining a state of mourning for his wife Lucille.

Television series.

Backstory.

In season 8, Negan vaguely states that he helped young people improve upon their weaknesses and molded them into stronger individuals. Negan later met a woman named Lucille and the pair fell in love and married. Over time however, Negan gradually became unfaithful towards her as he constantly lied and even engaged in an affair. In the onset of the outbreak, Negan was present alongside Lucille who had succumbed to an unknown illness and eventually perished. When she became a walker, Negan was unable to bring himself to put his wife down; this act of weakness would continue to haunt him and thus Negan strived to become a much stronger person.  Sometime after the outbreak, Negan established himself as the tyrannical dictator of a community of survivors

Season 6.

The Saviors become the main antagonists during the second half of season 6 and with their mysterious leader known as Negan being mentioned several times prior to his appearance in the season finale. His name is first heard in "No Way Out" when a group of bikers, led by a man named Bud, accost Daryl Dixon, Abraham Ford and Sasha Williams and attempt to steal their weapons, but Daryl kills them with a rocket launcher. In the season finale, "Last Day on Earth", while driving the ailing Maggie Greene to the Hilltop, Rick and his group run into multiple roadblocks set by the Saviors, which eventually causes Rick's group to travel by foot. While walking through the woods, the group is ambushed

Season 7.

Negan's chosen victim is Abraham, whom he bludgeons to death with "Lucille". Enraged, Daryl rushes Negan and punches him in the face, only to be stopped by three Saviors directly. As a reprisal for Daryl's attack, Negan beats Glenn to death in front of Maggie, his wife. Negan then presents Rick with an ultimatum: pledge total loyalty, or the rest of the group will die. When Rick remains defiant, Negan threatens to kill Rick's son Carl and the rest of the group unless Rick cuts the boy's arm off. After some hesitation, Rick raises the axe; Negan stops him, knowing that he has broken the elder Grimes's will. Negan then allows the surviving members of the group to depart with the warning that the Saviors will return in a week to collect their supplies. As insurance against further retaliation, Negan takes Daryl with him. Negan is shown to rule the Sanctuary (the main Savior stronghold) through fear and rewarding his personal army of enforcers (who identify themselves as "Negan" in a show of loyalty). He keeps Daryl locked in a cell and hopes to break his will and mold him into one of his Saviors, but Daryl refuses to submit. Negan

Season 8.

Negan appears in the season premiere, "Mercy," when Rick leads an army of assembled survivors outside the Sanctuary. More amused than worried, Negan refuses to march his people out to fight Rick just to prove "that my dick is bigger than yours". Rick offers Negan's lieutenants and the Saviors inside the chance to surrender, but states that Negan still has to die. Negan attempts to divide them by bringing out Gregory to order the Hilltoppers to retreat, but this tactic fails. They open fire, decimating the Sanctuary walls, but Negan and his people take cover. They are then surprised by a massive herd of walkers led by Daryl before the gates are blown open and the herd funnels inside. Negan becomes trapped in a trailer with Gabriel. "The Big Scary U" opens in the Sanctuary prior to Rick's attack with

Season 9.

Rick goes down a basement to talk to a locked up Negan. He mentions that it's been 35 days since Gregory's execution. He talks about how everything has changed after the war and how the communities are working together on fixing a bridge, which will be the link to their future. “We’re making a new beginning,” Rick says smiling with hope. After Rick finishes narrating his story, Negan, sporting a much larger beard than normal, questions when he will be able to have a look at the thriving communities but Rick tells him never and tells him he will die in his cell. Rick claims they are thriving without him to build a future and Negan taunts him about Carl but an angry Rick shuts him up and forbids him from mentioning Carl. Negan responds with a grin: "You're not saving this world, Rick. You just get it ready for me," warning him that the peace between the communities won't last too long and that he will not be locked up forever. Negan is visited by Michonne after he refuses to eat. He says he’ll only eat if she

Season 10.

Following the storm, Negan is allowed some leeway and works in Alexandria as a gardner and maintenance man under guard until Father Gabriel pairs him up with Aaron to protect Alexandria from repeated walker attacks. After being attacked by Walkers while on patrol, Aaron is temporarily blinded and struggles his way to a cabin where he finds Negan who helps him. The two then return to Alexandria. While defending Lydia from an attack, Negan accidentally kills Margo in self-defense and faces possible execution. He inexplicably escapes, chased by a former Savior named Brandon who is a fan of his. After attempting to get a mother and son to

Others.

Negan appears as a playable character in the fighting video game "Tekken 7", added as the sixth

Development.

Jeffrey Dean Morgan was cast as Negan

Reception.

The character of Negan has been praised by both fans and critics as an antagonist of the series.  IGN on their review of Negan's first appearance, the 100th issue said: "The new villain already looks to be worthy addition to the book's cast. I didn't realize how much I missed having a truly awful antagonist like The Governor in this series until now. The villain's voice is very distinct, allowing Kirkman to toy with a very different approach to dialogue. For a series where the characters sometimes ramble on too much without making a clear point, this character is very much appreciated." On their review for Issue #103, IGN felt Negan was "quickly giving the Governor a run for his money in the villainy department". When Negan's community was explored as well as his relationship with Carl Grimes, it was said that "There's a palpable tension as we wonder what fate Negan has in mind for his young enemy. But even at his most sinister, Negan remains strangely charismatic. It's not difficult to understand how he managed to build such a lofty position for himself, complete with multiple wives and the total devotion of an entire town."  On the "Talking Dead", for the sixth-season finale, Morgan stated that soon after Issue #100 was released, he had many fans approach him and told him that he was right for the role of Negan in the show.  The confrontation between Negan and Rick Grimes has been compared to the enduring rivalry between DC Comics characters Joker and Batman.  Noel Murray of "Rolling Stone" ranked Negan 10th in a list of 30 best "Walking Dead" characters, saying, "it would've been hard for any villain to live up to the hype, but thanks to Jeffrey Dean Morgan's grinning, relaxed performance and some genuinely shocking acts of violence, Negan has been firmly established as a formidable enemy. The alarming ease of his cruelty and the rigors of his organization represent a worldview that's been both fascinating and frightening to explore."

Negan is a fictional character in the comic book series "The Walking Dead" and in the television series of the same name. He is the leader of a group of survivors in the Sanctuary, called the Saviors, a group that oppresses other survivor communities and forces them to pay tribute to him. In the comics, the character's appearance is based on Henry Rollins, as confirmed by Charlie Adlard; Robert Kirkman worked in his excessive use of profanity, derived from other people he knew. Jeffrey Dean Morgan portrays Negan in the television series of the same name and first appeared in the series' sixth-season finale.


Early life.

Born in Suva, Fiji the son of former Fiji rugby union international and former Fiji national sevens assistant coach Etuate Waqa.  Waqa was educated at Ratu Kadavulevu School and was a member of the Deans Trophy-winning side in 2005 (which was shared with Suva Grammar School).. He also represented 2006 Fiji Under 18s and 2006 Fiji Rugby Under 20s.  Waqa made a brief appearance for the Fiji national rugby union team in 2007 when he came off the bench as flyhalf in the 78th minute of a match against Australia A. Waqa moved to Sydney, Australia in 2008, where he played for Gordon RFC in the Shute Shield. He was offered a contract with the ACT Brumbies in the Super 15 competition, but the deal fell through as the Brumbies had already reached their foreign-player allowance.

Playing career.

2009.

On 3 December 2008, Waqa signed a two-year contract with the Sydney Roosters starting from the 2009 NRL season. In Round 4 of the 2009 NRL season against the Parramatta Eels, Waqa made his NRL debut for the Sydney Roosters on the in the Roosters 24-6 win at SFS. In round 14 against the Gold Coast Titans, Waqa scored his first and second NRL career tries in the Roosters 24-20 loss at Central Coast Stadium. Waqa finished the 2009 NRL season with him played in 7 matches and scored 2 tries for the Sydney Roosters as the club finished last on the table and claimed the wooden spoon for the first time since 1966.

2010.

Waqa then signed a three-year contract to play for French top-14 club Montauban, however that fell through due to the club experiencing financial difficulties. Waqa then played in Sydney for the 2010 season in the local competition for Southern Districts before Melbourne Storm coach Craig Bellamy was notified of his availability.

2011.

After a three-month trial during the pre-season, Waqa was signed to a one-year contract after impressing throughout the trial matches. Waqa has been playing in the NSW Cup for Melbourne Storm feeder team Cronulla-Sutherland Sharks, who have a joint venture with the Melbourne Storm.  In round 9 of the 2011 NRL season, Waqa made his Melbourne Storm debut against the Broncos on the wing, scoring a try in the Storms' 29-22 win at Suncorp Stadium. After the Storms' match against the Manly-Warringah Sea Eagles at Brookvale Oval, Waqa was suspended for one week over the incident between Adam Blair and Glenn Stewart after he came from the bench to pull players off and to assist Blair in the 5-on-1 fight in the Storms' 18-4 loss. Waqa finished the 2011 NRL season with him playing in 10 matches and scoring 4 tries for the Storm.

2012.

In round 4 against his former club the Sydney Roosters, Waqa played his first match in the 2012 NRL season in the Storms’ 44-4 victory over the Sydney Roosters at AAMI Park. Since that game Waqa struggled to make it into the first grade side and was playing in the NSW Cup for the Cronulla-Sutherland Sharks. Waqa returned to first grade in round 19 against the North Queensland Cowboys in the Storms' 20-16 loss at AAMI Park. Waqa retained his wing spot for the rest of the 2012 season after when regular Storm winger Matt Duffie suffered a shoulder injury. Waqa starred on the wing in the Melbourne Storms' 2012 NRL Grand Final victory over the Canterbury-Bankstown Bulldogs, his outstanding defensive strategy, which assisted the Storm to a 14-4 point victory over the minor premiers. Waqa finished the 2012 NRL season with him played in 11 matches and scoring 7 tries for the Storm.

2013.

On 22 February 2013, Waqa played in the Storm's World Club Challenge match against 2012 Super League premiers Leeds Rhinos, Waqa played on the wing in the Storms' 18-14. After the WCC victory, Waqa injured his hand on a piece of glass in a hotel room incident missed first 8 weeks of the 2013 season. Waqa played in 22 matches and scored 12 tries for the Storm in the 2013 NRL season. Waqa was named in the Fiji squad for the 2013 World Cup. Waqa played in 4 matches.

2014.

In February 2014, Waqa was included in the Storms' inaugural 2014 Auckland Nines squad. On 21 July 2014, Waqa announced that he signed a 2-year deal with the Canberra Raiders commencing in 2015. In Round 22 against the Newcastle Knights, Waqa scored 4 tries in the Storms' shock 32-30 loss after giving away a 30-20 lead with 3 minutes to go at Hunter Stadium. Waqa scored a try in his last match for the Storm in Melbourne's 28-4 Finals Week 1 defeat by the Canterbury-Bankstown Bulldogs at AAMI Park. Waqa finished the 2014 NRL season as the Storms' highest tryscorer with 18 in 24 matches.

2015.

On 17 January 2015, Waqa was named in the Raiders 2015 Auckland Nines squad. In round 1 of the 2015 NRL season against the Cronulla-Sutherland Sharks, Waqa made his club debut for the Canberra Raiders on the wing, scoring a try in the Raiders 24-20 win at Remondis Stadium. In August 2015, there were rumours about Waqa was seeking a release from the Raiders to sign a three-year deal with a French rugby union club but later decided to stay out his 2-year commitment with the club. Waqa finished his first year with the Canberra Raiders with him playing 21 matches and scoring 6 tries in the season.

2016.

On 30 January 2016, Waqa was named in the Raiders 2016 Auckland Nines squad. On 14 March, Waqa was confirmed to be released from his contract at the end of June to join Top 14 rugby union side, Grenoble. On 7 May 2016, Waqa played for Fiji against Papua New Guinea in the 2016 Melanesian Cup where he played at centre in the 24-22 loss at Parramatta Stadium.

2017.

On 16 May 2017, Waqa was in talks to rejoin former club Melbourne but the move never eventuated. On 12 December 2017, Waqa made the headlines for the wrong reasons. He was reported to have borrowed money to pay off alleged gambling debts but never paid the money back to his victims. In one case, Waqa reportedly borrowed $12,000 off a student he had befriended. He also reportedly owed money to The Salvation Army, when a worker from The Salvation Army attended Waqa's rental property they found nobody at the residence and Waqa's car had all four of its wheels slashed and both tail lights knocked out.

Sisa Waqa (born 29 April 1986) is a Fijian professional rugby footballer who last played for FC Grenoble in French Rugby Union. A Fiji international representative, Waqa primarily plays on the. Waqa previously played for the Sydney Roosters in 2009, Melbourne Storm between 2011 and 2014, where he won the 2012 NRL premiership and the Canberra Raiders between 2015 and 2016.