History.

"Jiefang Daily" was first published on May 28, 1949 in Shanghai. From 1941 to 1947, a newspaper with the same name was published in Yan'an, which published the famous editorial "Without the Communist Party, There Would Be No New China" on August 25, 1943.

Overview.

Published by the Shanghai Municipal Government, "Jiefang Daily" is a general newspaper covering East China. The paper reports domestic and international news. And its primary readership covers decision makers and business executives in governmental agencies and local enterprises.  "Jiefang Daily" is the Party newspaper for the Shanghai Committee of the Communist Party of China (CPC). After Shanghai was taken over by the People's Liberation Army from the Kuomintang government, the newspaper started publication on May 28, 1949 by continuing to use the name of the central government's former Party newspaper "Jiefang Daily" published in the communist base Yan'an in northern Shaanxi Province.  The newspaper has been published in folio size since 1988. The daily circulation was more than 800,000 as of 1988. It has readers in Shanghai's townships and countryside and many other places in China, and it has some overseas subscribers as well.  It offers news and features on Shanghai's economy, education, science & technology and social life, and domestic and international events. It reflects the views of the Chinese people, expounds on justice and lambastes various forms of malpractice.  "Jiefang Daily" has more than 10 supplements and specials including People's Square, Readers' Letters, Shanghai Market, Shanghai Business Information, Shanghai Economy, Health, Reading, Entertainment, Suburb World, Township Enterprises in Shanghai and so on. Besides, it has several special columns such as Party Life, Social News, Sports, etc.  Published under Jiefang Daily are also some newspapers including English Newspaper for Shanghai Students, Newspaper Digest, Life in Party Branch and Serial Stories, whose circulations range between several tens to several hundreds of thousands. Among them, the circulation of Newspaper Digest stands at more than 2.7 million for each issue. After the Cultural Revolution, the newspaper took the lead to resume commercial advertising.

Jiefang Daily (), also translated as Liberation Daily, is the official daily newspaper of the Shanghai Committee of the Communist Party of China. Its daily circulation is about 700,000 copies.


History.

Sapirstein Greeting Card.

Sapirstein Greeting Card Co. was founded in 1906 by Polish immigrant Jacob Sapirstein (1885–1987), who sold cards to stores from a horse-drawn cart, American Greetings has been run by members of the family since its inception. Irving Sapirstein, Jacobs's oldest son, became the Jacob's first partner in 1918 at age nine. Irving's brother Morris started working at the card company in 1926. Morris and Irving in 1928 got a post card contract worth $24,000. The company started using self-serve display cabinets for its greeting cards in 1929 further cementing its position in the market. Sapirstein Greeting began in 1932 making its own greeting cards.  In 1934, the company began hiring sales representative. Harry, the youngest son, joined the business in 1935. In 1936, the company opened its first branch office and the first major manufacturing facility.

American Greetings.

Sapirstein Greeting Card Co. was renamed in 1938 to American Greetings Publishers. In 1939, the firm first issued the Forget-Me-Not card line. Irving and his brothers changed their last name to Stone in the 1940s. American Greeting Publishers was incorporated in 1944. John Sands Pty. Ltd. of Sydney, Australia and the company signed a licensing agreement, the firm's first, in 1949.  The company changed its name to American Greetings Corporation as the company went public in 1952, issuing 200,000 shares. The funds raised were earmarked for acquisitions and expansion. In 1956, American Greetings formed Carlton Cards, Ltd., a Canadian subsidiary. Also that year, the Hi Brows humor studio card line was launched.  In July 1957, the company moved its headquarters to One American Road, Brooklyn, Ohio. In 1958, American Greetings went public. Jacob Sapirstein became chairman of the board while Irving assumed the company's president post in 1960. In Forest City, North Carolina, the company build a cabinet manufacturing plant in 1960. A Mexican subsidiary in Mexico City was set up in 1969. In 1971, a retail subsidiary was formed called Summit Corporation, later called Carlton Cards Retail, Inc.  Holly Hobbie premiered in 1967 as a line of greeting cards by American Greetings. The character's public appeal lead to the formation of Those Characters From Cleveland, Inc.. Sale the next year topped $100 million. In 1972, the company introduced Ziggy, created by Tom Wilson, which soon had a newspaper cartoon strip generating additional income. By 1977, Holly Hobbie became one of the top female licensed character in the world.  Morry Weiss, Irving's son-in-law, and Irving Stone in 1978 were appointed president and chairman & CEO, respectively. Also in 1978, the corporation set up two new subsidiaries Plus Mark, Inc. and A.G. Industries, Inc. Plus Mark was formed to manufacture Christmas gift wrap, boxed cards, and accessories. A.G. Industries was a display fixture manufacturer. American Greeting had seen itself as a mass-marketer and was serving pharmacies, variety stores, discount stores, and supermarkets with low cost cards. While, Hallmark Cards ignore the mass market outlets until 1959 with issuance of its Ambassador card line. The company then used its licensing revenue on national advertising and other efforts to gain market share from 1981 to 1985. While they had a net income increase of 613 percent over ten years, Hallmark still maintained its market share. Gibson Greetings started a price war in 1986 and ended in 1987 which had the three major greeting card companies taking a loss. With a drop in licensing revenue, American took until 1989 to recover.  Those Characters From Cleveland was started up by Tom Wilson on behalf of American Greetings in 1980. The first property out of Those Characters was Strawberry Shortcake, which generated in 1981 $500 million in retail sales, followed by the Care Bears with $2 billion in sales over its first two year.  AG came back with a doubled net income by 1991 with 10 percent growth in sales to Hallmark's 1 percent. Weiss was promoted to CEO while Ed Fruchtenbaum was elevated as the fourth and first non-family president. Weiss had streamline operations, cut cost and decreased its card idea development time frame to market. Fruchtenbaum stressed information systems technology with the development of software to aid the sales force, managers and their retailers to track inventories and trends. The following year, Weiss and Fruchtenbaum were promoted again to chairman/CEO and president/chief operating officer, respectively, with Irving Stone becoming founder-chairman.  Custom Expressions, Inc., the CreataCard producer, was acquired in 1992, The CreataCard units had 1,000 card options and printed cards in under four minutes for $3.50 each. The company placed a few thousand units in mass-merchandise outlets in the US. By early 1994, 7,000 were installed. The kiosks generated modest profits off healthy revenue. With the Touch Screen Greetings and the Personalize It! method, Hallmark in 1992 sued AG over patent infringement with a 1995 settlement that allow both to use the technology worldwide. By 1995, the kiosks were being left behind by personal computers and the internet. The units were partially written off. American had also made deal with online services, Prodigy, CompuServe, and Microsoft Network in early 1996. Their website was redesigned to allow the cards to be designed on the website then mailed from its Cleveland fulfillment center in 1997. Two CD-ROM products, Personal CardShop for Home and Office and CreataCard Plus, were published both allowed for personalization. CardShop had 150 card choices and used the modem to order them to be printed and mailed by their fulfillment center. while CreataCard had 3,000 predesigned greeting cards, invitations, stationery, and announcements and three methods of fulfillment, print on home printer, by e-mail or via the company's center.  In the mid-1990s, American Greetings expanded it operations with acquisitions or starting up of new lines of business and starting in 1996, the promotion of sideline product categories to semi-autonomous units. A reading glasses manufacturer, Magnivision, in 1993 is purchased. Also in 1996, the party goods line is relaunched under the DesignWare name. Also in 1996, American Greeting entered discussions with BEC Group Inc. to acquire Foster Grant Group, a sun glass manufacturer, but declined to pursue the purchase. A candle line is relaunched in 1997 under the name GuildHouse. A supplemental educational products subsidiary, Learning Horizons, Inc., is set up in March 1997. However, in August 1997, American Greetings did sell two subsidiaries, Acme Frame Products, Inc. and Wilhold Inc., producer of hair accessory products, to Newell Brands. Contempo Colours, a party goods company in Michigan with licenses included Monopoly and Sesame Street, was bought in August 1999 to add to DesignWare.  In Canada, the Forget-Me-Not brand was launched in 1993. American Greetings in July 1997 launched its "The All New American Way" marketing strategy that consisted of massive revamping of its everyday card lines over the next year and a half to meet nine American culture trends.  In 1990s, American Greetings also pushed more into international markets. Acquisition occurred in 1995 with a purchase of 80% share of S.A. Greetings Corporation in South Africa and in 1996 with the purchase of John Sands, the top greeting card company in both Australia and New Zealand. In 1998, Camden Graphics Group and Hanson White Ltd. were purchased to add to its UK operations. While in 1999, a majority stake in Memory Lane Sdn Bhd, a Malaysian greeting card company, bring American to Asia for the first time.  American Greeting made a bid for Gibson Greetings, the number 3 card maker, in March 1996, which was rejected. In 1999, the company agreed to buy rival Gibson Greetings and united the second and third largest U.S. greeting card makers. Through the Gibson purchase, American gained its strong UK unit and a 27% stake in Egreetings Network Inc.  In 1998, the company shares moved from trading on the NASDAQ to the New York Stock Exchange. AmericanGreetings.com, Inc., while not turning a profit, was announced in June 1999 to be taken public, but was withdrawal due to the early 2000 tech stock collapse.  In March 1999, Hallmark started a price war with the introduction of a 99-cent card line forcing American to do the same. In 1999, the implementation of a new inventory system that slow shipments to retailers. However, this reduced sales by $100 million, 1.5% decrease, ending a 93rd consecutive year of increasing revenue.  Fruchtenbaum was terminated in June 2000 for insider trading policy violation after the board learned that he purchased stock via options then sold them in December 1998 before the announcement about the new inventory system implementation's expected loss. Board member James C. Spira was then appointed vice-chairman.  In November 2000, Spira was appointed to oversee a massive overhaul. The company cut 1,500 jobs, closed six manufacturing and distribution centers, discontinued Forget-Me-Not, one of its four main U.S. card brands, and cut the offered greeting cards to 10,000 from 15,000. The firm also shifted to recognizing sales at the retailer's register not when it was stock on the retailer's shelves to better control inventory. This cost them $300 million and highly unprofitable in 2001 and 2002 fiscal years.  In its online sector in 2001, American Greeting purchase the Egreetings Network shares that the Gibson did not already own. In January 2002, the company purchased Blue Mountain Arts (BlueMountain.com) from Excite@Home with Excite to buy ads on American Greeting websites and Blue Mountain would continue providing ecards for Excite. The company thus had four online greeting cards website including BeatGreets.com, a musical greetings website. While the online operations expected to become profitable by the fourth quarter 2002, the division had a lower loss then in the prior year.  In 2003, Morry Weiss's sons Zev and Jeffrey became CEO and President respectively; Morry Weiss remained Chairman. American Greetings has also branched out onto the internet and owns a network of websites. October 25, 2007, it announced the purchase of Webshots from CNET for $45 million in cash.  In July 2004, American Greetings sold Magnivision to an affiliate of Foster Grant sunglasses manufacturer. In October 2005, American Greetings recalled its "Sesame Street" toy sunglasses sold from December 2003 through August 2005, because the lenses can separate from the frames, posing a choking hazard to young children.  American Greetings on February 24, 2009 purchased Recycled Paper Greetings. In two cash deals with Schurman Fine Papers on April 17, 2009, the company sells its remaining 341 stores to them and in the second buying Schurman's wholesale division, Papyrus brand cards and paper products, and a 15% equity stake in Schurman.  In April 2010, the company closed its DesignWare plant in Kalamazoo as the company moved to Amscan manufacturing their party goods. American Greetings received $25 million and a warrant for 2 percent of common stock in AAH Holdings, Amscan's parent corporation, while Amscan received inventory, equipment and processes. In Mexico, the company moved strategically to third party distributor model and closed its warehouse there.  In 2010, American Greetings announced plans to move its headquarters from Brooklyn, Ohio to a new facility at Crocker Park within the nearby city of Westlake. However, in 2013, the company announced it would delay moving its operations to Westlake. Construction had been scheduled to start in early 2013, and American Greetings said it was only delaying the $150 to $200 million project. In 2014, American Greetings sold its Brooklyn, Ohio headquarters to developers and began renting its current offices from the new owners until the move to Westlake. American Greetings opened their new Westlake headquarters in September 2016. The company leases the building from the Wiess family until August 2031.  American Greetings forced Clinton Cards PLC in May 2012 into administration. In June, American Greetings acquired assets from Clinton Cards together with some of its subsidiaries including UK Greetings. UK Greetings' card brands at the time were Camden Graphics, Hanson White, Forget Me Not and Xpressions. Clinton operated stores under the Clinton and Birthdays brands. American Greetings brought in Dominique Schurman, CEO of Schurman Retail Group, to lead Clinton.

Private corporation.

American Greetings went private once again in mid-2013, thus removing itself from all the public markets, agreeing to pay $18.20 per share, valuing the company at $878 million. The Weiss family owned Century Intermediate Holding Co. purchased the public shares.  In 2018, the Weiss family sold a 60% majority stake of the company to the investment firm Clayton Dubilier & Rice (CD&R). The Weiss Family will continue to operate as directors and shareholders of American Greetings as well as retaining ownership of American Greetings Entertainment, which was spun off as Cloudco Entertainment. UK Greetings continued with American Greetings under CD&R while the Clintons retail chain in the UK remained with the Weiss family. On closing of the deal, David Scheible was named Chairman in place of Morry Weiss and President John Beeder was promoted to CEO (the former chairman and co-CEOs remaining on the board). In January 2019, the Weiss family placed AG's headquarters up for sale.  Scheible had been replaced by John Compton as chairman. On March 1, 2019, the retiring CEO Beeder was replaced by Joe Arcuri. Partially owned Schurman Retail Group announced in January 2020 that it would closes all of its stores including its American Greetings locations.

Gibson Greetings.

Acquired in 1999, Gibson was founded by brothers George, Robert, Samuel and Stephen in 1855 as Gibson & Company, Lithographers in Cincinnati. It eventually began making greeting cards in 1860s and 1870s, sold to brother George as Gibson Arts in 1883 and Gibson Greeting Cards Inc. in 1960. After being under RCA Corporation and other owners was sold to American Greetings.

Units.

American Greetings operates with four divisions:

Cloudco Entertainment.

Cloudco Entertainment, officially CloudCo, LLC and formerly Those Characters From Cleveland, American Greetings Properties and American Greetings Entertainment, was the former American Greetings's former character brand division. Cloudco is owned by the Weiss family. Properties owned by the company includes Care Bears, Holly Hobbie, Madballs, Buddy Thunderstruck, Tinpo, Topsy and Tim, The Get Along Gang and Popples.  Holly Hobbie premiered in 1967 as a line of greeting cards by American Greetings. Knickerbocker Toy Co. manufactured stuffed Holly Hoobie dolls from 1968 to 1983. The character's public appeal lead to the formation of Those Characters From Cleveland, Inc. In 1972, the company introduced Ziggy, created by Tom Wilson, which soon had a newspaper cartoon strip generating significant additional income. Universal Press later purchased the creative rights. By 1977, Holly Hobbie became one of the top female licensed character in the world.

Cloudco history.

Those Characters From Cleveland was started up by Tom Wilson on behalf of American Greetings in 1981 to handle its licensing business. The first property out of Those Characters was Strawberry Shortcake, which generated in 1981 $500 million in retail sales, followed by the Care Bears with $2 billion in sales over its first two year. The Care Bears were announced in 1982 with M.A.D., Marketing and Design Service of the toy group of General Mills, and launched in Spring 1983 with toys with a syndicated TV special.  With Topps' 1985 Garbage Pail Kids trading card series release, Ralph Shaffer, senior vice-president and creative head at From Cleveland, created the Madballs, balls with disfigured faces. Amtoys, another American Greetings subsidiary, released them as toys in 1986 and reached the #4 on toy best-seller list by September of that year.  With Mattel, Those Characters From Cleveland had launched the Popples in 1986. in 1986. In 1987, Those Characters came out with four plush variants that do more than just be huggable but playable to be introduced in 1988 through three toy companies.  AG Properties in 2001 named DIC Entertainment the licensing agent for Strawberry Shortcake. With DIC merging with Cookie Jar thus transfers the rights, the company sued. In the settlement, AG agreed to sell Shortcake, the Care Bears and the Sushi Pack crime-fighting characters to Cookie Jar for $195 million with payment due September 30, 2008. Cookie Jar could not come up with the financing, but continued to claim to have Shortcake licensing rights. AG found a new buyer of Shortcake and the Bears in MoonScoop, while settling with Cookie Jar with AG to buy out its rights to Shortcake. MoonScoop was to pay part of the purchases price to allow AG to pay Cookie Jar for its rights. Missing that deadline, AG back out of the deal as MoonScoop attempt to complete the deal by the full payment deadline of June 7, 2009. MoonScoop sued with American Greetings winning the case in November 2012. In February 2015, Iconix Brand Group acquired the rights to Strawberry Shortcake from American Greetings for $105 million. DHX Media would eventually acquire the franchise in 2017 as part of their buyout of Iconix's entertainment assets, which also included an 80% majority stake in Peanuts owner Peanuts Worldwide.  AG Properties by September 19, 2012 became global licensing agent for Pukeko Pictures’ "The WotWots" as they sublicensed the property to EXIM Licensing Group in the Latin America region, Segal Licensing in Canada, Stella Projects in the Australian and New Zealand region.  Sean Gorman was promoted to president of AG Properties in June 2013 with the mandate to add boy franchises. Gorman was hired in 2007 as vice president, entertainment production and development.  In 2006, senior designer Jeff Harter pitched "Packages from Planet X" to AG Properties. Planet X eventually was licensed and produced for Disney XD by DHX Media in Vancouver and Disney and premiered on July 13, 2013. In January 2012, American Greetings Properties and Exim Licensing Group international licensing agent signed a Holly Hobbie publishing deal with V & R Editoras for most of Latin America and the Caribbean.  AG Properties had licensed Lion Forge Comics the Care Bears, Madball and "Packages from Planet X" for titles under their Roar Comics all-ages imprint for release in late 2014.  On October 6, 2015, American Greetings changed the unit's name to American Greetings Entertainment as an indication of a shift in focus to the Care Bears and additional multi-character and entertainment properties like the recently co-created Buddy Thunderstruck stop motion animation show for Netflix. AGP pick up worldwide distribution of "Claude", Sixteen South's TV Adaptation of Sixteen South's adaptation of Alex T. Smith's bestselling picture book series, in May 2016.  American Greetings Entertainment was spun off from American Greetings as a stand-alone company in August 2018 as Cloudco Entertainment. Management and Weiss family ownership was retained in the spin off with Sean Gorman as president.  In April 2018, Hulu agreed to take a Holly Hobbie live action TV series by Aircraft Pictures. Boomerang order a Care Bear series for its streaming service in September 2018. On June 24, 2019, Warner Music Group's Arts Music division launched the licensed Cloudco Entertainment label with the release of the current "Holly Hobbie" TV show theme song as a part of a multi-season deal.

American Greetings Corporation is a privately owned American company and is the world's second largest greeting card producer behind Hallmark Cards. Based in Westlake, Ohio, a suburb of Cleveland, the company sells paper greeting cards, electronic greeting cards, party products (such as wrapping papers and decorations), and electronic expressive content (e.g., ringtones and images for cell phones). In addition, the company owns the Carlton Cards, Tender Thoughts, Just For You, and Gibson brands.


Playing career.

He was drafted in the 9th round of the 1989 NHL Entry Draft, 183rd overall by the Buffalo Sabres. Despite his small stature, Audette became known for his gritty, feisty style of play and quickly endeared himself to Buffalo hockey fans with a 31-goal rookie season. However, his rough and tumble style of play led to lengthy trips to the injury reserve, including several knee injuries that ended his 1992–93 and 1995–96 seasons.  In 1998 Audette was traded to the Los Angeles Kings. Two years later, as a member of the Atlanta Thrashers, he reached his career high in goals (34) and assists (45) and made it to the NHL All-Star game.  Audette was traded back to the Buffalo Sabres in March 2001, and signed a multimillion-dollar contract with the Dallas Stars later that summer. In the middle of the 2001–02 season, Audette was traded again, this time to the Montreal Canadiens. In a game against the New York Rangers on December 1, 2001, Audette had the tendons of his forearm severed by an opponent's skate and required life-saving surgery to repair the extensive damage, but still managed to recover in time for the playoffs.  After struggling to make a mark with the Florida Panthers for half of the 2003–04 season, Audette stopped playing professionally.  Prior to playing in the NHL, Audette won the Dudley "Red" Garrett Memorial Award as the top rookie in the American Hockey League (AHL), while playing for the Rochester Americans. Audette is now an amateur scout for the Canadiens.

Personal life.

Donald Audette's son Daniel Audette (born in 1996) was the first pick of the 2012 Quebec Major Junior Hockey League draft and was drafted by the Montreal Canadiens in the 2014 NHL Entry Draft.

Donald Daniel Audette (born September 23, 1969) is a Canadian former professional ice hockey forward who played fourteen seasons in the National Hockey League (NHL) for the Buffalo Sabres, Los Angeles Kings, Atlanta Thrashers, Dallas Stars, Montreal Canadiens and Florida Panthers.


Biography.

Newton was born in St. Charles, Virginia, but after being diagnosed with asthma at the age of four, the Newton family moved to Arizona. Newton began drawing at a young age, with comic books being a major influence on his early artwork. He was a big fan of Batman and Daredevil, and an even bigger Captain Marvel fan.  By the mid–1960s, Newton was teaching art in Phoenix and worked part-time as a student art reviewer for the mail order ""Master Artist's Painting Course.""

Comics fandom.

Newton eventually discovered comic book fandom, while searching for a source to purchase old comics. Newton became involved with the Science Fiction and Comics Association (SFCA) and became an artistic staple in the organization's publications. Between 1968 and 1973 he produced almost two dozen covers for the "Rocket's Blast Comicollector" ("RBCC"). Newton did not limit himself exclusively to the publications of the SFCA; he also worked for most of the major fanzines during these years. In all Newton’s work appeared in over one hundred fanzines.  Newton did one major strip during this time, which ran for more than a year in the "RBCC" called "The Savage Earth". Over a period stretching from 1968 to 1970 the science fiction strip appeared in issues 60–70 of the "RBCC". Issue #65 of the "RBCC" sported a Newton "Savage Earth" painting as its cover.  Newton tried for years to leverage his connections in fandom into work at DC Comics or Marvel Comics, but he was at a distinct disadvantage living in Arizona. Marvel in particular wanted their artists close at hand. Newton finally set his sights a little lower and sent some sample pages to Nicola Cuti at Charlton Comics where his first professional comic book work was published.

Charlton Comics.

Newton's first work for Charlton appeared in "Ghost Manor" #18 (May 1974) and would work on Charlton horror books for the next year and half. Besides drawing for the Charlton horror comics, Newton also began painting covers for their horror and romance books. In October 1975 Newton's first issue of "The Phantom", #67, was published. Newton would pencil and ink all of his Phantom work and would supply a cover painting for every issue he drew. Newton’s short run on the book featured two classic Newton pieces at Charlton. Issue #70 of "The Phantom" stars Humphrey Bogart, Lauren Bacall, Sydney Greenstreet, Peter Lorre, and Claude Rains and is a mixture of "Casablanca", "The African Queen", "The Maltese Falcon", and "The Treasure of the Sierra Madre."  Newton’s final issue of "The Phantom" features the Phantom of 1776 meeting Benjamin Franklin. It has a Phantom cover, the Phantom of 1776, sword in one hand, flintlock pistol in the other in front of a smoky background of the Declaration of Independence and a tattered 13-star American flag.

After Charlton.

Newton had always seen Charlton as a stepping-stone to Marvel Comics. While still working for Charlton, Newton worked on an issue of "Giant-Size Defenders", did some small uncredited inking on a few issues of the "Deadly Hands of Kung Fu" magazine over Mike Vosburg's penciled artwork, a frontispiece for the "Savage Sword of Conan" and a single painting for Roy Thomas, which years later, became a cover for Thomas' magazine "Alter Ego". Newton inked an issue of "Ghost Rider" over Don Heck's pencils and produced a cover for Marvel's "Unknown Worlds of Science Fiction Annual."

DC Comics.

Newton began his career at DC with "DC Special" #28 (July 1977). Newton contributed the pencils on an Aquaman strip inked by his old friend Dan Adkins. Newton would draw Aquaman off and on for the next three years. That same month saw the release of Newton's first series at DC, "The New Gods" #12. Dan Adkins inked most of his work on the New Gods. It was during his tenure on this strip that Newton left his job as a junior high school art teacher to go work full-time as an artist. In the middle of Newton's run on "The New Gods", he and David Michelinie co-created the Star Hunters for DC but Newton dropped the feature after drawing two stories.  One of Newton’s lifelong ambitions was to draw Captain Marvel and he fulfilled this desire in 1978 when he was signed as the new penciler for the "Shazam!" title. He would draw this strip in its own title, as well as in "World's Finest Comics" and "Adventure Comics" until October 1982.  Newton began drawing the Batman character beginning with "Batman" #305 (November 1978), and would draw 79 stories featuring Batman or members of the Batman family during his tenure at DC. Newton and writer Dennis O'Neil co-created the Maxie Zeus character in "Detective Comics" #483 (April–May 1979). O'Neil and Newton produced the story "The Vengeance Vow" in "Detective Comics" #485 (Aug.–Sept. 1979) in which the original Batwoman is killed by the League of Assassins.

Marvel Comics.

In 1979 Newton returned to Marvel. He wanted to draw Captain America, but that title was unavailable at the time and "The Avengers" was the closest Marvel could do to fulfilling that request. Newton took the assignment when he was promised Joe Rubinstein as his permanent inker on the book. Newton finished the pencils for only two issues before returning to DC. Those two issues of "The Avengers" became "Avengers Annual" #9, half of which was inked by Rubinstein, half by Jack Abel. In 1981 Don Newton again left DC for Marvel. As was the case the first time, better money was one of the factors that pushed him to Marvel. Marvel had other artists, such as Val Mayerik, call Don to entice him into working at Marvel again. Unlike the previous time, Joe Rubinstein was not part of the deal. "The Avengers" #204 featured inks by Dan Green.

DC again.

During the time that Newton was drawing this second attempt at "The Avengers" book, he was contacted by Paul Levitz who promised him some additional advertising artwork, should Newton return to DC. After the "Avengers" inking by Green (which he had been unsatisfied with) and again the lack of scheduled work from Marvel, Newton agreed to accept a new contract with DC.  Newton did two issues of "Green Lantern" in 1982. Both were Green Lantern Corps stories, one of which contained the first appearance of Ch'p, the squirrel-like Green Lantern of H'lven. Two years later Newton returned to "Green Lantern" in the only DC comics work he inked. In Newton’s obituary, Dick Giordano said of this work, "To my mind, Don's final statement was the Green Lantern Corps story he penciled and inked that appeared in "Green Lantern" #181. He showed us how to do it right."  He drew the first appearance of Jason Todd in "Batman" #357 (March 1983), a character who became the second Robin.  Newton had always told DC that the only series he would like to draw other than "Batman" and "Captain Marvel" was "All-Star Squadron". Editor/writer Roy Thomas tapped into that interest by proposing that Newton draw "Infinity, Inc.", featuring the children of the original All-Star characters. The first issue scheduled to contain Newton's art was "Infinity Inc." #11 featuring a five-page framing sequence by Newton which surrounded a story drawn by George Tuska and Mike Machlan. Newton was to begin penciling the entire book with issue #12, but the letters page in issue #11 told of Newton's death. Newton suffered a massive heart attack in his home, after dealing with months of a debilitating throat ailment. He died three days later on August 19, 1984, in a nearby Mesa hospital.  While Newton was in the hospital in a coma, the first three pages of "Infinity Inc." #12 were sent to Thomas. Rubinstein was brought in to ink them and Newton’s Phoenix friend John Clark lettered the pages at Thomas' request. As a final tribute to Newton, Marvel Editor-in-Chief Jim Shooter let Rubinstein out of his contract for a month so that he could ink a fill-in issue Newton had done. It became "Infinity Inc." #13 (April 1985). This was Newton's last published original work.  In 2011, DC published "Tales of the Batman: Don Newton", a hardcover collection of Newton's Batman stories.

Death.

Newton died on August 19, 1984, after suffering a massive heart attack.

Awards.

Newton won the Comic Fan Art Award in 1973 in the category "Favorite Fan Artist".

Bibliography.

Comics work (interior pencil art) includes:

Don Newton (November 12, 1934 — August 19, 1984) was an American comics artist. During his career, he worked for a number of comic book publishers including Charlton Comics, DC Comics, and Marvel Comics. He is best known for his work on The Phantom, Aquaman, and Batman. Newton also drew several Captain Marvel/Marvel Family stories and was a fan of the character having studied under Captain Marvel co-creator C. C. Beck.


IRA.

The IRA had difficulty with cross-border communications between Dublin and Belfast after the outbreak of the Second World War, and some northern based members of the IRA believed a self-contained unit was required. Charlie McGlade, a printer from Belfast, was the architect of the idea, and Northern Command was formed in 1939 taking responsibility for IRA operations in the six counties of Northern Ireland and also County Donegal, while Southern Command took responsibility for the other 25 counties of Ireland. By the early 1950s, both Northern Command and Southern Command had faded away, and the leadership of the IRA was southern-based, with all commands being issued from Dublin.  Charlie McGlade became the O/C of the Northern Command, Jimmy Steele became Adjutant, also appointed was Seán McCaughey as Quartermaster. In 1940 McGlade stepped down as O/C of Northern Command and appointed McCaughey to the position.

Provisional IRA.

In the mid-1970s a new Northern Command was proposed by Gerry Adams and Ivor Bell, which would cover the six counties of Northern Ireland, and also County Louth, County Cavan, County Monaghan, County Leitrim and County Donegal. These counties were effectively the "war zone" where paramilitary operations were planned and carried out. The role of Southern Command, covering the remaining 21 counties, would be to provide logistical support for the campaign in the north. Veteran republicans such as Joe Cahill and Billy McKee opposed the idea fearing a split in the movement, but Chief of Staff Seamus Twomey backed the idea and a new Northern Command was formed in late 1976.

Northern Command was a command division in the Irish Republican Army (1922–1969) and Provisional IRA, responsible for directing IRA operations in the northern part of Ireland.


Personal life.

Spinal meningitis in infancy and a fall when she was seventeen left Alice Nourse with frail health and back trouble which caused her to be semi-invalid at periods throughout her life.  She attended the University of Chicago, but never graduated, opting instead to take a job. She first traveled to China in 1908 to visit her sister Mary, who taught at a girls' school in Hangchow, and returned two years later to take up a post at the same establishment. After marrying Earle Tisdale Hobart, a Standard Oil Company executive, in Tientsin in 1914, she traveled to northeast China and in 1916 published an article on her experiences at the hands of "Honghuzi" bandits in "The Atlantic Monthly". It led to a series of pieces entitled "Leaves From a Manchurian Diary" and formed the basis for her first book, "Pioneering Where the World is Old" in 1917.  Her life in Changsha formed the backdrop for her second book, "By the City of the Long Sand" in 1926, while an assault on Nanking by Nationalist soldiers and her escape over the city wall to the safety of the waiting American gunboats was recounted in "Within the Walls of Nanking" in 1928. This book started as a piece in "Harper's Magazine". Her fictional account of her experiences in China, not surprisingly, focused on the role played by Western businessmen, especially those engaged in importing and selling petroleum products.  "Pidgin Cargo", set among traders on the Yangtze River, appeared in 1929 and "Oil for the Lamps of China" in 1933. After making her home in California in the 1940s, her subject matter expanded to encompass contemporary Mexico in "The Peacock Sheds His Tail" (1945) and Californian agrarian life in "The Cup and the Sword" (1942) and "The Cleft Rock" (1948). In 1959 she published her memoir, "Gusty's Child".  She published more than a dozen novels in all by the time of her death in 1967, with almost four million copies in print.

Alice Tisdale Hobart (January 28, 1882 – March 14, 1967) born Alice Nourse in Lockport, New York, was an American novelist. Her most famous book, "Oil for the Lamps of China", which was also made into a film, drew heavily on her experiences as the wife of an American oil executive in China amid the turmoil of the overthrow of the Manchu Dynasty in 1912.


Background.

After the War of the Austrian Succession, traditional European alliances fell apart and were replaced by an Anglo-Prussian pact and a Franco-Austrian alliance. Known as the Diplomatic Revolution, these events caused the Seven Years' War. Frederick II, King of Prussia and bitter rival of the Holy Roman Empress Maria Theresa of Austria, invaded Silesia in 1756 but suffered his first defeat at Kolin on June 18. In the aftermath of the battle, however, Frederick neglected to protect the approach to his capital, Berlin.

Battle.

Austrian commanders noticed this flaw, and Prince Charles of Lorraine, commander of Austrian troops facing Frederick's main army, dispatched Hungarian cavalry officer Count András Hadik and a force of about 5,100 men, mostly Hungarian or Croat hussars, to capture the city. However, to guard his main base at Elsterwerda, Hadik left behind enough troops that his raiding party was outnumbered by the unsuspecting Berlin garrison.  On October 16, Hadik and his raiding force arrived outside of Berlin. Although the Prussian defenders were surprised, they refused Hadik's surrender demands. Hadik promptly attacked the city gates, entering the city. The city's military governor, General Rotzow, believed that his forces were outnumbered and spirited the Royal Family to Spandau, while Hadik demanded that the city council pay a ransom of 200,000 thalers and a dozen pairs of gloves for the Empress. The ransom was paid, but Hadik left the city hurriedly when he realized that a significant Prussian force under the Prince of Anhalt-Dessau was marching toward Berlin in an attempt to intercept him.

The 1757 raid on Berlin took place during the Third Silesian War (part of the Seven Years' War). Cavalrymen of the Holy Roman Empire attacked and briefly occupied Berlin, the capital of Prussia.


Name.

Originally, the term "baju kurung" was used to refer to both the men's and women's outfits. However, in Malaysia, the men's outfit was renamed "Baju Melayu" as it was chosen to be the national costume of the Malays. The older definition is still maintained in Singapore.

Styles.

Cekak Musang.

In shirts made with the "cekak musang" collar, the placket of the "baju" will seem to form a third of the "baju" from the top when it is worn beneath the "kain samping" or "kain sarung". However, the hem line of the "baju" actually runs to the middle of the lap. The placket typically has three to five buttonholes and is fastened together by dress studs called "kancing" or "sitat" which are not unlike those used in Western-style formal dress shirts. The studs usually have screw-in backs and can be made from a variety of materials including gold, silver and precious or semi-precious stones. The studs may also be connected with a light metal chain which will be concealed behind the shirt when the placket is fastened.

Teluk Belanga.

In the state of Johor, both the design and the wearing of Baju Melayu is somewhat different from that of other areas. Here, the "kain samping" or "kain sarung" is worn below the "baju" rather than above it. The "baju" itself does not have the "cekak musang" collar or any placket. Instead, the opening is hemmed with stiff stitching called "tulang belut" (literally eel's spine) and ends with a small loop at the top of one side to fit a singular "kancing" (similar to the collars of "Baju Kurung" worn by women). This style is known as the "Teluk Belanga" style and was believed to be designed by Sultan Abu Bakar's aides to commemorate the move of Johor's administrative capital from Teluk Belanga in Singapore to Tanjung Puteri in 1866 (known as Johor Bahru from 1866).

Kolar Tunku.

Kolar Tunku is one of the collar of Baju Melayu. This type of collar is make special for Tunku Abdul Rahman by Omar Ali (Oldest Baju Melayu Brand in Malaysia).

Occasions for usage.

A black Baju Melayu with a black "Kain Samping" embroidered with gold thread is considered a form of formal dress, and is the official attire required during official national events, especially highly formal ones like the official celebration of the Yang di-Pertuan Agong's birthday. Malaysian ambassadors presenting their credentials to foreign heads of state are also required to wear the black Baju Melayu. The white Baju Melayu is worn by Malaysian royalty when mourning the passing away of a member of the royal family.  The Baju Melayu is commonly worn in Brunei, Malaysia, southern Thailand and Singapore by Malay men, although its use in Singapore & Thailand is usually restricted to Fridays at mosques, and the Eid ul-Fitr () holiday. Bruneian and Malaysian men usually wear the shirt for general religious occasions, such as visiting the mosque or for a religious gathering. In Brunei, it is commonly worn at formal events, such as festivals and weddings. Some companies allow their male workers to wear Baju Melayu on Fridays, whereas others have it as a policy. On the whole Singaporeans frequently refer to it as a "Baju Kurung", although this term in Malaysia usually refers only to the corresponding outfit for women.  In Indonesia, both the "Baju Melayu" in both collar styles (and other Malay clothes such as "Baju Kurung") is popular in provinces with large Malay populations such as Riau, the Riau Islands, West Kalimantan and a few other provinces mainly in Sumatera and other places where the presence of ethnic Malays are dominant. Recently, the "Baju Melayu" has become more popular and is not only worn at traditional events, but also in formal occasions. Government officials in Riau and other places wear them proudly during official events (even national events). It is also worn as a uniform in Silat, a traditional Malay martial arts. The Betawi version of "Baju Melayu" is called "Baju Demang", because Betawi are also part of the big Malay tradition, its customs and attire is similar to the Malay. Other local indigenous Malay ethnics in Indonesia also have their own style of "Baju Melayu" probably which have the same similarities such as the usage of the Songkok as the headdress for men and "kain samping".  The female version of the baju melayu is called the baju kurung.

Seluar.

The baju is traditionally worn by men with trousers called the seluar. The seluar are traditionally wide at the top, fastened with a running string called tali, and closer at the legs where it extends to below the knees. The styles of seluar include the Achenese seluar, seluar gadah which reaches to the ankles and seluar pende which terminates about the middle of the thighs. The seluar panjang are long and are sometimes buttoned at the feet.

Baju Melayu (Jawi: باجو ملايو) is a traditional Malay outfit for men. It literally translates as 'Malay shirt' and consists of two main parts. The first being the "baju" (long sleeved shirt) itself which has a raised stiff collar known as the "cekak musang" collar (literally fox's leash). The second part is the trousers called "seluar". The two parts are made out of the same type of fabric which is usually cotton, or a mixture of polyester and cotton. A skirt-type adornment is also commonly worn with the Baju Melayu, which is either the "kain samping", made out of songket cloth or the kain sarung, made out of cotton or a polyester mix. Both are loops of fabric which are folded around the wearer's waist. A jet-black or dark coloured headgear called the songkok can also worn to complete the attire.


ISKCON.

He personally met the founder of ISKCON, A.C. Bhaktivedanta Swami Prabhupada, in Brooklyn, while recording the Prabhupada's music in July 1971. Harikesa Swami was initiated by Prabhupada in New York, July 1971, and given the name "Harikesa dasa".

Zonal Acarya time.

When the founder of the ISKCON religious movement left, the leadership of the faith was divided up on 11 of the most prominent disciples of the Guru, and Harikesa was one of them. The world was divided into 11different preaching zones, and the leader for each zone was called acarya. The zone of leadership for Harikesa was northern Europe, including Scandinavia, Germany, Switzerland and Austria, and the East European countries and the whole of the Soviet Union.  Under the leadership of Harikesa, the ISKCON faith was spread widely over all of his allotted zone, and the number of members and centres of ISKCON multiplied in the area.  The preaching efforts were dependent on having translation of the books written by the leader of the ISKCON movement, A.C. Bhaktivedanta Swami Prabhupada, and under the direction of Harikesa a new branch of the Bhaktivedanta Book Trust publishing house in Sweden, and collected around him new members of the ISKCON movement who could translate the collected books to their respective languages. This was the time before desktop publishing, and just in the beginning of photo typesetting. Harikesa lead a group of his followers to develop their own computerised desktop publishing computer equipment, to be able to produce all the different languages, which also included developing own phototypesetting fonts. With his idea, every new language got their own customised personal computer, which were transported or smuggled into the respective country, and the ready translated books were sent on diskettes to the publishing house central, where all the final steps of book production were performed. By this streamline production scheme, it was possible to produce a lot of titles of the ISKCON books, in a very short time, and with only a very lightweight core crew to do the actual book publishing work. This was practically speaking the invention of desktop publishing before its time.  By that work, soon the translated books of the ISKCON faith started coming to all the Soviet Union countries in their native language, which in turn initiated and caused the spread of the ISKCON religious movement in those countries.  Apart from leading this book publishing work, Harikesa was also the spiritual leader of his zone, and travelled a lot to the countries in his area to oversee the opening of new ISKCON centerers, accepting new disciples, and leading them into the ISKCON faith.  Leadership of the Northern Europe branch of the BBT book publishing time continued all the time until 1998, upon which time it continued with the leadership of those of his former disciples who stayed in the ISKCON organisation.

COM System.

As the publishing expanded, in the early 80s the BBT programmer, Prsni, suggested the creation of an internal conferencing system and a PDP-11 minicomputer system was purchased and a limited internal conferencing system, based on the popular KOM (BBS) system was installed. Soon it became apparent that the capacity to discuss the publishing affairs in conference format greatly increased the capacity of the BBT. Considering that Harikesa Swami was now travelling almost non-stop throughout an expanding area and engaging in publishing in dozens of languages, the system was enhanced to allow users to dial into the network from anywhere in the world. This system, renamed COM, connected all parts of ISKCON and the BBT in real-time, and was soon carrying hundreds of communications a day long before the creation of the www or the on-line usage of the internet. Harikesa Swami was instrumental in facilitating and organising this development from the first day. Later, as the system became larger with many thousands of users, programmers were brought in to create a user interface to allow desktop organisation of the texts in the conferences and personal mail.

Resignation from ISKCON.

Harikesa collapsed due to stress and overwork in the summer 1998, after having accepted even more responsibilities in addition to those he already had. After that he decided to resign from all ISKCON duties, and of being a spiritual leader and guru in ISKCON, and instead to retire to a more personal sphere. His resignation was accepted by ISKCON's Governing Body Commission meetings in 1999.

Recording Artist.

Harikesa dasa has been producing music that bridges the gap between classical music from Western culture and Eastern Mantra since 1978. Harikesa Swami has produced more than 28 albums (under the group names of Rasa, BLISS, and Sri Hari).

Harikesa Das (), formerly known as Harikesa Swami () and by the honorific Vishnupada (), born Robert Campagnola, was one of the leading disciples of A. C. Bhaktivedanta Swami Prabhupada and a guru within the International Society of Krishna Consciousness (commonly known as 'the International Society for Krishna Consciousness|Hare Krishnas' or ISKCON). He left ISKCON in 1998.


Etymology and history.

During the last quarter of the 17th century, Ilocos and Bulacan natives migrated to Santo Domingo. They found in the settlement buri palms. Therefore, these people called the site, Pulong Buli. Santo Domingo de Guzman became their Patron saint. The settlement became a Municipio but was later demoted to a mere barangay of Talavera, Nueva Ecija in 1903. It was later reverted to the political status of Municipality. The Alejos, Juans, Samatras, Salamancas, Andreses, Pascuals and Tomases were the descendants of the founders of the town.  During the Japanese Occupation from 1942 to 1945, various local guerrillas and Hukbalahap communist groups fought side by side at Santo Domingo, aided by the Filipino soldiers of the Philippine Commonwealth Army units. Following the Allied liberation in 1945, over 4,500 Filipino soldiers and guerrillas had been killed or wounded, and 29,000 Japanese troops killed or captured in action.

Barangays.

Santo Domingo is politically subdivided into 24 barangays.

Local government.

The head of the executive department is Mayor Imee L. De Guzman. Botika ng Bayan, Starter Kit Project and Infrastructure Projects are part of the mission and vision of the administration. Hybrid rice (SL 8H) is the latest agriculture breed that the natives promoted.  Hybrid Rice Top Yielder is MR. Gregorio Alcantara of Barangay Sagaba, Santo Domingo, with an average yield of 218 cavans per hectare at 14%mc and 50 kg. per cavan.  Businesswoman Angelita Reyes-Castellano of Barangay Malayantoc in Sto, Domingo, Nueva Ecija, manages the family-owned 20-hectare farm “A. Castellano Ricemill” which supplies at least 30,000 bags of milled rice every month to customers throughout Luzon.  The Legislative department is under Gregand Andres, Municipal Vice Mayor and the Councilors, Members of the Sangguniang Bayan, who conduct their legal business at the Session hall.  The Judicial department's seat is in the Municipal Trial Court. The incumbent is MTC Acting Presiding Judge Frazierwin V. Viterbo assisted by Clerk of Court II, Mary DeLa Fuente-Noveras.

Religion.

St. Dominic Parish Church.

The 1896 St. Dominic Parish Church (Real St., Poblacion, Santo Domingo, 3133 Nueva Ecija) belongs to the Roman Catholic Diocese of San Jose. Most. Rev. Roberto Calara Mallari, D.D. (since 15 May 2012) is the head of the Diocese. The Church's Parish Priest is Very Rev. Mnsgr. Rolando Mabutol, Hp and its Parish Administrator is Rev. Fr. Ian Christopher D. Andal (Acting Parish Priest) (Vicariate of St. Dominic - Diocesis Sancti Josephi in Insulis Philippinis, Suffragan of Lingayen-Dagupan; created: February 16, 1984, erected July 14, 1984, comprising the City of San Jose and the Science City of Muñoz and 12 other municipalities in Northern Nueva Ecija; Titular: St. Joseph the Worker, May 1). Its Vicar Forane is Fr. Bonifacio P. Flores Saint Dominic Parish Titular: Saint Dominic de Guzman; Year of Establishment: 1929.  Founded in 1896 as part of the Manila Archdiocese, in 1929, the Church was established and in 1950, the Parish became part of the Diocese of Cabanatuan. In 1977 the Baloc Parish was severed from Santo Domingo. On July 14, 1984, the Diocese of Cabanatuan was split into 2, and the San Jose Diocese had 16 Parishes including Santo Domingo Parish. The first Parish Priest of Santo Domingo was Fr. Emilio Gutierez and the 19th, the incumbent is Fr. Edwin I. Bravo. The Parish has a population of 21,677 Catholics: 75%.

St. Jerome Parish Church.

The St. Jerome Parish Church (Barangay Baloc, Santo Domingo, 3133 Nueva Ecija) belongs to the Roman Catholic Diocese of San Jose. Most. Rev. Roberto Calara Mallari, D.D. (since 15 May 2012) is the head of the Diocese (Vicariate of St. Dominic - Diocesis Sancti Josephi in Insulis Philippinis, Suffragan of Lingayen-Dagupan; created: February 16, 1984, erected July 14, 1984, comprising the City of San Jose and the Science City of Muñoz and 12 other municipalities in Northern Nueva Ecija; Titular: St. Joseph the Worker, May 1). Its Vicar Forane is Fr. Bonifacio P. Flores and its Parish Priest: Fr. Rosalito F. Cabanting. The Population is 45,049 Catholics -8%.

Iglesia Filipina Independiente, San Geronimo Church.

The Iglesia Filipina Independiente, San Geronimo Church is also one of the landmark religious heritage of Santo Domingo.

Dambana ni San Geronimo.

Fr. Resty Valenzuela Ahyong Baloc established his own Dambana ni San Geronimo when he transferred from the Roman Catholic Church. The people of Baloc, Santo Domingo Nueva Ecija became religious because of Him. He wrote a book about the life of St. Jerome.

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Etymology.

Old Dutch sailors' expression, to get the anchors lifted. Dutch and Flemish where dominating sailors expressions all over the world. To "weigh anchor" is to bring it aboard a vessel in preparation for departure. The phrase "anchors aweigh" is a report that the anchors are clear of the sea bottom and, therefore, the ship is officially under way.  "Anchors aweigh" is often misspelled as "Anchor's away," leading to confusion of the terms and the misunderstanding that it means "to drop anchor." Another confusion is evident in the spellings encountered both with and without an apostrophe. Here, it is a matter of distinguishing the singular anchor + contraction of "is" (that is, "anchor's aweigh") from the plural (anchors aweigh), meaning all anchors of the ship are raised. Although the original (now archaic) "aweigh" is verbal and transitive, the "aweigh" used now is adjectival/adverbial in nature and meaning.  "Weigh" as a verb means to "bear" or "move," thus giving it several shades of meaning and derivation, including "weight" or "heaviness."

History.

The song was first played during the Army–Navy football game on December 1, 1906, at Franklin Field in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. Navy won the game 10–0 before a crowd in excess of 30,000, their first win in the match up since 1900.  The song was gradually adopted as the song of the U.S. Navy; although there is a pending proposal to make it the official song, and to incorporate protocol into Navy regulations for its performance, its status remains unofficial. Its lyrics were considered too specific to the Academy and not representative of the Navy at large, and so were rewritten by George D. Lottman (note the reference to "farewell to college joys"). Its melody was also slightly rewritten by Domenico Savino.  The song has a joyful, brisk melody, and it has been adopted by several other navies around the world, such as the Finnish Navy. In addition to being bandmaster at the Naval Academy, Zimmerman was also the organist at St. Mary's Catholic Church in Annapolis, and the opening notes of the melody to "Anchors Aweigh" bear a marked similarity (although in a different tempo) to the opening of the ancient Marian hymn "Salve Regina", with which Zimmerman would have been thoroughly familiar.  During World War II, members of the Navy Women's Reserve, known more popularly as the WAVES, wrote "WAVES of the Navy" to harmonize with "Anchors Aweigh".  Bing Crosby included the song in a medley on his album "101 Gang Songs" (1961).  Many arrangements of "Anchors Aweigh" exist today, one arrangement by Paul V. Yoder often sees use by military bands, such as those of the Japan Self-Defense Forces and other nations' militaries.

Lyrics.

"Anchors Aweigh" (1906 version), which is still used today at the Naval Academy  Stand Navy down the field, sails set to the sky; We'll never change our course, So Army you steer shy-y-y-y. Roll up the score, Navy, anchors aweigh! Sail Navy down the field and sink the Army, sink the Army grey!  Get under way Navy, decks cleared for the fray; We'll hoist true Navy Blue, So Army down your grey-y-y-y; Full speed ahead, Navy; Army heave to; Furl Black and Grey and Gold, and hoist the Navy, hoist the Navy Blue!  Blue of the Seven Seas; Gold of God's Sun Let these colors be till all of time be done, done, done, By Severn's shore we learn Navy's stern call: Faith, Courage, Service true, with Honor, Over Honor, Over All.  Revised Lyrics of 1926 by George D. Lottman:  Stand, Navy, out to sea, Fight our battle cry; We'll never change our course, So vicious foe steer shy-y-y-y. Roll out the TNT, Anchors Aweigh. Sail on to victory And sink their bones to Davy Jones, hooray!  Anchors Aweigh, my boys, Anchors Aweigh. Farewell to college joys, we sail at break of day-ay-ay-ay. Through our last night on shore, drink to the foam, Until we meet once more. Here's wishing you a happy voyage home.  Revised Lyrics of 1997 by MCPON John Hagan, USN (Ret) which is used today by the Navy:  Stand Navy out to sea, fight our battle cry! We'll never change our course so vicious foes steer shy-y-y-y! Roll out the TNT, anchors aweigh! Sail on to victory, and sink their bones to Davy Jones, hooray!  Anchors Aweigh, my boys, Anchors Aweigh! Farewell to foreign Shores, we sail at break of day-ay-ay-ay; Through our last night ashore, drink to the foam, Until we meet once more, here's wishing you a happy voyage home!  Blue of the mighty deep, Gold of God's great sun; Let these our colors be, Till All of time be done-n-n-ne; On seven seas we learn, Navy's stern call: Faith, courage, service true, With honor over, honor over all.  "Anchors Aweigh" performed by the United States Naval Academy Men’s Glee Club under the direction of John Barry Talley, 1977 (.flac file)

"Anchors Aweigh" is the fight song of the United States Naval Academy and march song of the United States Navy. It was composed in 1906 by Charles A. Zimmermann with lyrics by Alfred Hart Miles. When he composed "Anchors Aweigh," Zimmermann was a lieutenant and had been bandmaster of the United States Naval Academy Band since 1887. Miles was Midshipman First Class at the Academy, in the class of 1907, and had asked Zimmermann to assist him in composing a song for that class, to be used as a football march. Another Academy Midshipman, Royal Lovell (class of 1926), later wrote what would be adopted into the song as its third verse.


Expedition to Kaffraria 1831-32.

Ecklon and Zeyher left Cape Town in October 1831 on a collecting trip to the eastern borders of the Cape Colony. Passing through Caledon they went down to Cape Agulhas and back to Swellendam, where they once again came across Drege on 5 November 1831. Crossing the Langeberg into the Karoo, they collected extensively along the Gourits River and the Swartberg. Turning south again they crossed the Outeniqua Mountains, visiting George and Knysna, before following the Langkloof to Uitenhage and Algoa Bay, from where they shipped their collection back to Cape Town.  Travelling further north through the Albany and Somerset East districts, then east over the Fish, Koonap and Kat Rivers, and again north over the Winterberg, they came to Tamboekieland in the area of the present Queenstown. From here they followed the Kei River to its source in the Stormberg.  By this time their collections had grown so large that Ecklon was detailed to leave for Europe in 1832 to dispose of the specimens. Zeyher remained in Tamboekieland since Drege notes that he met him at Shiloh Mission south of Queenstown on 29 November 1832. Zeyher then returned to Uitenhage where he found employment in the service of Joachim Brehm, an apothecary and collector who had created one of the finest gardens in the Eastern Cape. At this time Ecklon was in Hamburg seeing to the publication of their joint paper "Enumeratio Plantarum Africae Australis" which appeared in three parts between 1834 and 1837. Apparently Ecklon's visit to Hamburg was cut short by a warehouse fire that destroyed the greater part of their collections. Financially Ecklon was crippled and sold his personal set of specimens to Sonder before returning to the Cape in late 1837 or early 1838. He lived for another 30 years, but his mental and physical strength had been broken by the setbacks and he ceased collecting.  Zeyher had in turn become dispirited by events, and had struck out on his own before Ecklon's return. He went back to the Uitenhage area and forwarded his new collections to WJ Hooker and N. B. Ward of London. While in Uitenhage, Zeyher had put together an extensive collection of indigenous wood samples together with flowering and fruiting herbarium specimens. These were destined for the Berlin Museum and a favourable price had been agreed upon. Misfortune continued to haunt Zeyher, however, and the ship carrying this precious collection was lost at sea.

Expedition to the interior with Joseph Burke 1840-1842.

Zeyher is commemorated in the genera "Zeyheria" Mart., "Zeyherella" (Engl.) Aubrèv. & Pellegr. and in a large number of specific names. His personal herbarium is at the South African Museum, though Karl Wilhelm Ludwig Pappe (1803-1862) replaced most of the labels with his own.

Karl Ludwig Philipp Zeyher (2 August 1799 Dillenburg, Hessen, Germany – 13 December 1858 Cape Town), was a botanical and insect collector who collected extensively in South Africa. He was the author, with Christian Friedrich Ecklon, of "Enumeratio Plantarum Africae Australis" (1835-7), a descriptive catalogue of South African plants.


History.

The Ardennaise is a traditional breed of the Ardennes region. The first description is that of Victor La Perre de Roo in 1882, at a time when the breed was already becoming rarer. A poultry breeders' club, the Union Avicole de Liége, was formed in 1893, and under its protection the Ardennaise enjoyed almost thirty years of success. Following the First World War, mass importations of yellow-legged birds from Italy, with much higher laying abilities, were a new threat. Selective breeding of the Ardennaise for better laying ability began in 1922, with some success. However, the Ardennaise was also cross-bred with Leghorn stock, resulting in a further decline. By 1940 there was no remaining trace of the breed. It was reconstituted over a period of about thirty years after the Second World War. In 2009 the total population was estimated at well over 2000.  A bantam Ardennaise was created in Liège in the space of five or six years from 1904. It was shown from 1907, and the standard was approved in 1913.  A tail-less variant, sometimes treated as a separate breed, the or, is identical to the standard breed in all respects, except for the absence of the coccygeal bone and the tail, caused by the dominant Rp gene. Both the Sans-queue and its tail-less bantam variant are critically endangered.

Characteristics.

The Ardennaise is genetically close to the Bresse Gauloise. Twelve colours are recognised.

Use.

In a year an Ardennaise hen lays approximately 180 white eggs weighing, with an average weight of.

The Ardennaise,, is a breed of domestic chicken from the Ardennes plateau, in Belgium and eastern France. Its range extends from the Pays de Herve in Wallonia to the French département of Ardennes, and includes the Fagnes, the Famenne, and the valleys of the Amblève, the Ourthe and the Semois.


Plot summary.

The film begins with Martha Alston (DeGeneres) in a wedding gown incarcerated in a Mexican prison. The investigators call her Mrs. Crawford and listen to her explain why she committed murder on her wedding day.  Some months earlier, Martha attends her younger sister's wedding. Afterwards, Martha is pestered by her overbearing parents about when she will get married herself being 31 years old with her biological clock ticking. Martha works as an associate producer for a local TV talk show in San Diego. She rejects an offer of going out on a date with a younger co-worker, named Walter (John Livingston). Disappointed by her dull Valentine's Day blind date, she goes home to sulk in front of the TV, where, inundated by romantic imagery, she is prompted to get out of the house.  Martha goes to a bar where she drops her quarter in front of the jukebox. She bends down to get it when a man shows up and selects the same song she would have chosen. He is Whitman Crawford (Pullman), and they instantly hit it off. They go back to his house and have sex. He says he's a poet and an investor, and has money. He reads her one of his poems.  Whitman appears charming and charismatic in which he and Martha begin dating. Martha introduces Whitman to her family and he impresses all of them. But by the time she meets his strange and eccentric mother (Plowright), Martha has become convinced he is not "Mr. Right" at all. After Martha tells Whitman that it is OK to "be himself" around her, he suddenly breaks character and shoplifts a six-pack of beer from a local store and enjoys crushing the empty beer cans on his forehead. It is here that Whitman is revealed to be a crafty, devious, narcissistic, sociopath who hides behind a charming nice-guy persona that fools literally everyone he comes into contact with. To make matters worse, Whitman's ex-girlfriend, Inga (Joan Cusack) (who is nearly as crazy and deranged as Whitman), and her accomplice, Bob (Brad William Henke), begin harassing Martha who decides to break up with Whitman. Inga refuses to believe that Martha has dumped Whitman. Whitman also refuses to believe he has been dumped and he begins stalking Martha and trying to woo her back in increasingly ridiculous ways. Martha soon becomes frustrated and desperate after the manipulative Whitman tells her whole smitten and oblivious family that they are engaged to be married. He even buys off her private investigator (Dean Stockwell) that she hires to make a background check on him. All of Martha's attempts to expose Whitman as the dangerous sociopath that he is to her friends and family is met with disbelief and skepticism from everyone due to his skill of lying and manipulation. Whitman goes as far as to make Martha lose her job, and then hits her with his pickup truck, drugs her and abducts her to Mexico to marry her there by hiring two young Mexican children to hold her captive as they travel on the road to their destination.  Once in Mexico, Martha attempts to escape once and manages to place a phone call to San Diego to her former office to the only person that has not fallen under Whitman's influence: her co-worker Walter whom she manages to tell him briefly that Whitman has abducted her to Mexico and to come to her rescue before Whitman catches up to her and disconnects the call. Then, Inga and Bob appear and attempt to kill Martha, until Whitman comes to Martha's rescue and manages to drive them away at gunpoint.  At the church where Whitman is forcing Martha to get married in front of her deluded family, Walter shows up at the last minute to rescue Martha from the wedding, but trips. His gun falls into her hands and she shoots Whitman who attempts to lunge at her. Then she's arrested, which leads to Martha telling the local authorities her entire story. However, even the Mexican investigators are unsympathetic and conclude that she murdered Whitman intentionally. As they are transporting her away, Walter springs her out of jail with Bob's help and explains that it was Inga who did it; she attempted to kill Martha from the church balcony, but when Martha tripped, Inga hit Whitman by accident. Walter claims that Whitman is still alive at a local hospital and he will recover from his wound.  After meeting up with Bob in the desert, Martha and Walter ride a horse west towards the sunset, while Bob leaves to return to Inga. Title cards over the closing scene explain that Martha and Walter eventually turned north and returned to the USA where they got romantically involved and currently live under assumed names, Inga and Bob got married and opened a pet store in Albuquerque, and Whitman continues his search for love.

Reception.

The film was critically panned, garnering a score of 7% on Rotten Tomatoes from 29 critics. Audiences polled by CinemaScore gave the film an average grade of "C-" on an A+ to F scale. Ellen DeGeneres was nominated for Worst Actress and won the award (without competition) for Biggest Acting Stretch (for playing a heterosexual woman).  Mick LaSalle, writing for the "San Francisco Chronicle", said that after a good start, the film became "dreadful" and "inherently unfunny" starting midway through from the point when after Martha breaks up with Whitman after seeing his true evil persona, in which he then begins stalking her and literally destroys her personal and professional life while continuing to fool everyone around her with his charismatic, good-guy facade.  Rita Kempley, writing for "The Washington Post", assessed the film a "sour, listless debunking of romantic comedies,... [with] fewer laughs than "Looking for Mr. Goodbar"" and laments that "Ellen DeGeneres, a comedian and sitcom star in her film debut, [who] is ostensibly the protagonist here" does not control the action, but her character "merely reacts to [Whitman's] twists and turn-ons".  James Berardinelli of "ReelViews" criticized the film's premise, writing, "This is a romantic comedy parody, but how can you satirize something that's a comedy to begin with? If this motion picture is an example, not only can't it be done, but the result is downright ugly." He also questioned DeGeneres' appeal, calling her performance "irritating".  Not every critic disparaged the film. Martin and Porter gave it three stars, and while acknowledging that "the script is predictable and Nick Castle's direction is only adequate", they found that "DeGeneres's personal charm and a few inspired gags make it all worthwhile".

Box office.

The film debuted at No. 6.

Mr. Wrong is a 1996 American romantic black comedy film starring Ellen DeGeneres and Bill Pullman. It was a critical failure and box office bomb. DeGeneres still mentions it occasionally in her talk show, "The Ellen DeGeneres Show", poking fun at the disastrous reception of her major film debut.


Life.

Education.

Bertram Huppert went to school in Bonn from 1934 until 1945. In 1950, he wrote his diploma thesis in mathematics at the University of Mainz. The thesis discussed ""nicht fortsetzbare Potenzreihen"" (discontinuous power series), and was written under the direction of Helmut Wielandt.  When Wielandt moved to the University of Tübingen in April 1951, Huppert followed him later in the year, and gained his doctorate (as Wielandt's first doctoral student) with the work ""Produkte von paarweise vertauschbaren zyklischen Gruppen"" (products of pairwise permutable cyclic groups), in which he showed, among other things, that such groups were supersoluble. This was the first of more than forty further scientific works, not including his books and monographs. The focus of the dissertation was very close to Wielandt's interests at the time, whose 1951 work shows that the product of pairwise permutable nilpotent groups is solvable.

Academic career.

Huppert spent the years 1963/64 as a visiting professor at the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign and at the California Institute of Technology (Caltech) in Pasadena. In January 1965, he became a professor of pure mathematics at the University of Mainz, where he later became a professor emeritus in 1994. He put a lot of effort into building up the Mainz group theory and abstract algebra research groups.  Following an assignment, he wrote a monumental standard text in the theory of finite groups, "Endliche Gruppen I". The group around Wolfgang Gaschütz in Kiel provided important contributions in discussions to that volume. Volumes II and III appeared 14 years later in English with co-author Norman Blackburn.  In 1984, Huppert founded, together with Gerhard Michler, the first Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft priority programme in Mathematics at the German universities of Aachen, Bielefeld, Essen and Mainz.  From 1964 to 1985, Huppert was a member of the editorial board of the Journal of Algebra. Together with Wolfgang Gaschütz and Karl W. Gruenberg, he organised Oberwolfach workshops on group theory over many years, and with Michler the Oberwolfach workshop on representation theory.  He was a founding member of the Institute of Experimental Mathematics of the University of Essen and is a member of the "Akademie gemeinnütziger Wissenschaften zu Erfurt".

Bertram Huppert (born 22 October 1927 in Worms, Germany) is a German mathematician specializing in group theory and the representation theory of finite groups. His "Endliche Gruppen" (finite groups) is an influential textbook in group theory, and he has over 50 doctoral descendants.


Early life.

Coming from Stockton, New South Wales, Norris relocated to the Australian Institute of Sport, Canberra in 1999 after being awarded a scholarship. He subsequently gained selection for Australia at the 1999 Pan Pacific Championships in Sydney.

Swimming career.

At his first Olympics in Sydney, Norris made a poor start, missing the final of the 400-metre individual medley. However, he qualified for the final of the 200-metre butterfly, where he was considered an outsider. Norris attacked from the start, contesting the lead over the first 100-metre. Willed on by a partisan home crowd, he managed to hang on to the third position as the favourites surged for the finish line. While being interviewed on the pool deck, a bewildered Norris repeatedly used what has become his winning catchphrase - "I'm stoked."  In 2001, Norris claimed another bronze medal at the 2001 FINA World Championships in Fukuoka, Japan, this time in the 200-metre individual medley, and in 2002 collected triple gold in the 200-metre and 400-metre individual medley and the 200-metre butterfly at the 2002 Commonwealth Games in Manchester. However, in 2003, he had no success in his three events, failing to medal at the 2003 FINA World Championships in Barcelona, Spain. He fared even worse at the 2004 Summer Olympics in Athens, failing to reach a single final.

Retirement.

On arrival back in Australia, Norris departed the AIS to return to Newcastle, and thereafter announced that he would be taking a year out of swimming in 2005. He went on to found the Norris Swimming Academy in Thornton, NSW.  <br

Justin Neville Norris (born 4 June 1980) is an Australian butterfly and individual medley swimmer who won the bronze medal in the 200 metres butterfly at the 2000 Summer Olympics in Sydney, Australia.


Junior hockey.

Cornwall Royals (1981-1983).

Kyte's first junior season was with the Cornwall Royals of the Ontario Hockey League in 1981-82, where in 52 games, Kyte had four goals and 17 points, helping the club clinch the final playoff spot in the Leyden Division. In five playoff games, Kyte was held pointless.

Professional career.

Winnipeg Jets (1982-1989).

Kyte was drafted by the Winnipeg Jets in the first round, 12th overall, in the 1982 NHL Entry Draft. He made his NHL debut late in the 1982-83 season, going pointless while appearing in two games with Winnipeg.  Kyte saw limited ice time with the Jets as a rookie in 1983-84, appearing in 58 games and scoring one goal and two assists, helping the team reach the playoffs. In three playoff games that season, Kyte did not earn a point as Winnipeg was swept by the Edmonton Oilers in the Smythe Division semi-finals.  In 1984-85, Kyte appeared in 71 games with the Jets, earning three assists, while accumulating 111 penalty minutes. In eight playoff games, Kyte was held off the scoresheet, as the team defeated the Calgary Flames in the Smythe Division semi-finals, however, the Jets were then swept by the Edmonton Oilers in the Division finals.  Kyte again appeared in 71 games with the Jets in 1985-86, scoring a goal and four points, while getting 126 penalty minutes, as Winnipeg qualified for the post-season. In three games, Kyte had no points, as the Jets lost to the Calgary Flames in the Smythe Division semi-finals.  Kyte's offensive production increased in 1986-87, as he managed to score five goals and 10 points in 72 games, while getting 162 penalty minutes. In 10 playoff games, Kyte earned four assists, as the Jets would end up losing to the Edmonton Oilers in the Smythe Division finals.  Injuries plagued Kyte during the 1987-88 season, as he played in only 51 games, scoring a goal and four points while accumulating 128 penalty minutes. The Jets qualified for the post-season, however, Kyte did not appear in any games.  Kyte appeared in a career high 74 games with the Jets in 1988-89, scoring three goals and 12 points, as well as getting 190 penalty minutes. Winnipeg failed to make the playoffs.  On June 17, 1989, Kyte, Andrew McBain and Randy Gilhen were traded by the Jets to the Pittsburgh Penguins for Randy Cunneyworth, Rick Tabaracci and Dave McLlwain.

Pittsburgh Penguins (1989-1991).

Kyte joined the Pittsburgh Penguins in the 1989-90, where in 56 games, he scored three goals and four points, as well as getting 125 penalty minutes. The Penguins failed to make the playoffs.  The Penguins sent Kyte to begin the 1990-91 season with the Muskegon Lumberjacks of the International Hockey League (IHL). In 25 games, Kyte scored two goals and seven points, as well as recording 157 penalty minutes. Kyte also appeared in one game with the Penguins, getting no points and two penalty minutes.  On December 13, 1990, the Penguins traded Kyte to the Calgary Flames for Jiri Hrdina.

Calgary Flames (1990-1992).

Kyte finished the 1990-91 with the Calgary Flames, where in 42 games, he earned nine assists and 153 penalty minutes, helping the team reach the playoffs. In seven playoff games, Kyte had no points and seven penalty minutes, as the Flames lost to the Edmonton Oilers in the Smythe Division semi-finals.  Kyte appeared in 21 games with Calgary in 1991-92, getting one assist and 107 penalty minutes. He also played in six games with the Salt Lake Golden Eagles of the IHL, earning an assist and nine penalty minutes. After the season, Kyte became a free agent.

Ottawa Senators (1992-1993).

Kyte signed with the Ottawa Senators on September 10, 1992. He spent a majority of the 1992-93 season with the New Haven Senators of the American Hockey League (AHL), scoring six goals and 24 points in 63 games. In four games with Ottawa, Kyte earned an assist. Kyte was granted free agency after only one season with the Senators.

Las Vegas Thunder (1993-1995).

Kyte signed with the Las Vegas Thunder of the IHL for the 1993-94 season. In 75 games, Kyte scored two goals and 18 points, and accumulated 246 penalty minutes. In four playoff games, Kyte had an assist, and 51 penalty minutes.  He played a second season with the Thunder in 1994-95, scoring three goals and 20 points in 76 games with the team. Kyte left the Thunder late in the season, as he signed with the San Jose Sharks.

San Jose Sharks (1994-1996).

Kyte signed as a free agent with the San Jose Sharks on March 31, 1995. He finished the 1994-95 season with the Sharks, scoring two goals and seven points in 18 games, helping the team reach the post-season. In 11 playoff games, Kyte had two assists, as the Sharks upset the favoured Calgary Flames in the Western Conference quarter-finals, before losing to the Detroit Red Wings in the second round of the playoffs.  Kyte played in 57 games with San Jose in 1995-96, scoring a goal and eight points, and earning 146 penalty minutes, however, the team failed to make the playoffs. Kyte was granted free agency after the season.

Kansas City Blades (1996-97).

Kyte finished his playing career in 1996-97 with the Kansas City Blades of the IHL. In 76 games, Kyte had three goals and 11 points, as well as recording 259 penalty minutes. In three playoff games, Kyte had no points. Kyte's playing career came to an end from a concussion suffered in an automobile accident in 1997 and he was forced into retirement.

Post-hockey career.

After retiring from hockey, Kyte wrote a hockey column, Point Man, for four years in the Ottawa Citizen and joined Algonquin College in 2002. After creating the very successful Sport Business Management postgraduate program at Algonquin College in 2002, Kyte became the Academic Chair of the Marketing & Management Studies Department in the Algonquin College School of Business in 2007. He earned a master's degree in business administration from Royal Roads University in 2012. In 2014, he was selected to be the Dean of Algonquin College's School of Hospitality and Tourism.

Awards and honors.

In 2018, Kyte was inducted into the Canadian Disability Hall of Fame.

James G. Kyte (born March 21, 1964) is a Canadian retired professional ice hockey player. Kyte made history by being the first (and to date, only) legally deaf National Hockey League (NHL) player, playing 598 games in the NHL.


Life und works.

As monk of Saint Gall, Gozbert is documented as deacon in 798, as priest in 811 and as dean between 813 and 816. In the year 816, he was elected abbot. He succeeded in loosening the dependency of the Abbey of Saint Gall from the Bishopric of Konstanz to whom the town Saint Gall belonged. On 3 June 818, he received the immunity from Emperor Louis the Pious, which was later confirmed by Louis the German. Moreover, Gozbert was assured of the continuing free election of the abbot in the monastery; a privilege that had, less than a hundred years before, cost the founder of the monastery, Otmar, his freedom.  Gozbert laid his focus on the expansion of the monastery estate. His acquisitions and the donations he received were a significant foundation for the future prince abbey. Gozbert centralised the administration of the monastery property and reformed the documentary management as the profession of registrar was regarded as stepping stone to a better position in the monastery. Under Gozbert's regency, Saint Gall became a cultural centre, as many still existing documents from his time affirm. He also paid special attention to the abbey library.  Gozbert was the recipient (and employer?) of the Plan of Saint Gall which was made around 820 in Reichenau. How closely his monastery actually resembled this ideal plan is unknown. What is known, however, is that the building process began with the new construction of the Basilica of Gall (Gallusbasilika) in 830, which was sanctified after 835 in the presence of the Bishops Ulrich I. von Basel, Wolfleoz von Konstanz and Erlebald von Reichenau.  Anno 837, Gozbert resigned from his office as abbot. Possibly, this was due to political uncertainties in which the monastery had become involved when the sons of Louis the Pious struggled over his succession.  In the literature, the following career is stated:  „As first abbot, [in Rheinau Abbey] in the middle of the 9. century, we encounter Gozbert who was summoned from Saint Gall by Wolfene. He is followed by Antwart, Wolfen, the restorer of the monastery († 878), Wichram;..."  Gozbert's exact year of death is not known. It is possible that he died in relation to his successor Anwarth's assumption of office in Rheinau in the year 850.

Gozbert († 4 April 850 (?) in Rheinau) was abbot of the Abbey of Saint Gall from 816 until 837 and also abbot of Rheinau Abbey until 850. The beginning of his term of office in Rheinau is unknown.


History.

1997–2004: Formation and early years.

The band was formed in 1997 when Chauntelle and Sherri began creating music together after having been inspired by bands like the Beatles, Jeremy Enigk, and Radiohead. Younger sister Stacy (who was then 8 years old) became frustrated over their insistence that she was too young to be a part of the band and wrote her own song without their help before she was inducted. Their brother Weston (who was then 10 years old) soon joined the band as the drummer.  Boyd and Kim Dupree, parents of the four DuPree siblings, ran a venue called Brewtones Coffee Galaxy by occupying the space of their Vineyard church on days when it was not in use. Eisley, then known as the Towheads, began years of service as the house band, giving them their first exposure. At Brewtones, the band played with many other acts including Ester Drang, Midlake, and Waterdeep. They soon became MossEisley, a reference to the city in the Star Wars trilogy, but later (after a brief stint playing under the names Neverland or Sinclair) shortened the name due to possible legal ramifications. The band played numerous weekend shows at the venue until they became too busy with other opportunities.  After emerging on the Dallas scene in 2001, playing hundreds of shows throughout Texas and garnering a fan base as an indie band, Eisley was signed to Warner Bros. Records in 2003. The same year, the band won "Best New Artist" at the "Dallas Observer" Music Awards. The band had some early radio success with the song "Telescope Eyes" from the "Laughing City" EP. It was ranked the top 25th most played song on FM 102.1 ("The Edge") in Dallas in 2003.

2004–2006: "Room Noises".

During the majority of 2004, the band spent most of their time recording their debut album. During the first part of 2005, the band toured extensively with New Found Glory. In June 2005, Eisley embarked on their first headlining tour, The Summer Scenic Tour, to support their debut album "Room Noises" with Lovedrug and Pilotdrift as opening acts. On June 10, they performed a sold out show at The Troubadour in California. The recording of The Troubadour show was to be released as a live DVD; however, the band was not pleased with the footage or audio so nothing ever came of it.  The band went on to tour with Hot Hot Heat in July. During this tour Eisley's then bassist, Jonathon Wilson, who admittedly was never 100% invested in the band, announced he was leaving after the pressure from their then-label Warner bros got to him. He was replaced as bassist by Garron DuPree, the DuPrees' then fifteen-year-old cousin in 2005.  In August, after the Hot Hot Heat tour, the band went into the studio in Seattle for a day to track "Head Against The Sky". The song was later released in October of that year on the "Head Against The Sky E.P." with three songs from the cancelled "Troubadour" DVD. In October and November 2005, Eisley went on tour with Switchfoot as openers. Around this time, the band started playing new, unrecorded material for their second album. In March 2006, the band did a small tour in Australia as main support for Taking Back Sunday. Following that, Eisley headlined their last tour in support of "Room Noises", The Final Noise Tour.

2006–2010: "Combinations" and label issues.

In September 2006, Eisley headed back to the studio to record their follow up to "Room Noises". While tracking for their second album, Sherri and Stacy also recorded vocals for Bright Eyes's album "Cassadaga." The band finished recording the album in November 2006, but due to assumed conflicts with their label, the album was delayed. "Combinations" was finally released on August 14, 2007.  Eisley performed on a special acoustic tour with Wesley Jensen during the summer of 2007. The band made their national television debut on "Late Night with Conan O'Brien" on August 30, 2007, performing "Combination's" lead and only single "Invasion". They spent a couple of months in late 2007 opening shows for Mutemath around the country. Then, in the spring and early summer of 2008, Eisley headlined their own cross-continent finance tour in support of their latest release, "Combinations", with openers including The Envy Corps (who had to leave mid-tour due to an envious European tour), Vedera and The Myriad. On December 18, 2007, the band released the "Like the Actors E.P." on iTunes. This EP contained the two B-sides for "Combinations" as well as an unreleased track from "Room Noises", titled "Sun Feet".  In the spring of 2008, Eisley headlined the only main tour that would be done in support of "Combinations". Eisley has also played a number of individual shows. They played a handful of shows at the South by Southwest (SXSW) music festival in Austin, Texas, in March 2007. In August 2007, they performed at the Carling Weekend Festival, held in Reading and Leeds, England. They returned to Tyler to perform at Brewtones on December 15, 2007.  After the "Combinations" tour, the band originally planned to take a break before starting work on their third album. At this time, relationships with their label was not at the best, and the band's personal lives were getting back into control. However, at the urging of their good friend and A&R, Eisley went back into the studio later in 2008 to record their third album. During the recording process, the band did a few one-off shows. Notably, they performed a benefit with the Seattle Symphony with Mateo Messina in 2008 and headlined a show at Baylor University in the spring of 2009, their first real show since the end of their "Combinations" tour.  During this time, Warner Brothers shifted Eisley from the Reprise to the Sire label. Throughout most of the summer of 2009, the band worked on their follow up album. They finished recording most of the album in August of that year, but complications with WB delayed the release. However, the band went on tour with Dupree-Bemis' husband's band Say Anything that fall and released the "Fire Kite E.P." as a teaser for the upcoming album.

2010–2011: New label and "The Valley".

On February 9, 2010, the band officially announced that they had parted ways with WB right before the Say Anything tour. Throughout most of 2010, Eisley shopped for a new label while they tried to acquire the rights to release their third album. They played SXSW that year, and in late spring and early summer, the band did a small headlining tour called The Mild Mild Midwest tour up to the Cornerstone Music Festival. In the fall of 2010, the band did another headlining tour called The Over The River and Through The Wood tour in anticipation for their third album.  On November 4, 2010, it was announced that the band had signed with Equal Vision Records and had also acquired the rights from WB to release their third album tracked at Rosewood Studios, a studio they had pushed WB into letting them record at in their hometown of Tyler. Following that, on December 10, 2010, it was announced that Eisley would be releasing their new album on March 1, 2011, titled "The Valley". In February 2011, Eisley went on tour as main support for Rooney. On this tour, the band debuted several more new songs in anticipation for "The Valley". A week before release, the band streamed the full album on Spin.com. Finally on March 1, "The Valley" was released.  "The Valley" was met with generally positive reviews. Sputnikmusic and, to the band's surprise, Absolute Punk both gave the album a rating of 90, commenting on the band's vocal style and the instrumentation being different from previous albums. All Music Guide, "Alternative Press", and The Onion A.V. club also praised the album as well. However, "Under the Radar" had mixed reviews, but commented on the tunes being enjoyable as well as the Dupree sisters' voices being thrilling. "The Austin Chronicle" gave the album a negative review, criticizing the album's focus to love and broken relationships as opposed to the whimsical style and fantastical imagery found on the band's 2005 debut "Room Noises" and the EPs before.

2011–2015: "Deep Space E.P." and "Currents".

In June 2011, after finishing their first headlining tour for "The Valley", the band announced plans on Twitter and Tumblr of recording a new EP in August. Also, according to online posts from Tumblr and Instagram, there will be a limited edition of the EP, which will possibly include a bio, original lyrics, rare and never before seen photos, past tour memorabilia, various posters, old album artwork dating back to the Mos Eisley days, and possibly more.  Throughout August 2011, the band recorded the "Deep Space E.P.". Originally, the EP was going to contain a few b-sides from "The Valley", but the band ultimately decided to record mostly new songs. Following the completion of the EP, Eisley recorded a music video for their next single, "The Valley". Though the band initially stated the new EP would be released in the fall, they decided on a February 2012 date instead. The reasons being they needed the EP to close out "The Valley" and point to their fourth album. Recording for the new album started in May 2012.  In a newsletter sent to fans in July 2012, the band announced they were currently writing and recording a fourth full-length album in their new home studio. The record and a debut tour was expected in 2013, and the release date for the album, titled "Currents," was set for May 28, 2013. On April 16, 2013, Eisley released an online stream of the song """Drink The Water""," hosted by "Nylon Magazine". The streaming of this song marked the first full length song to be heard from "Currents".

2015-present: new album and line-up changes.

In 2015 Eisley began writing and preparation for their fifth studio album, with production to begin in 2016. Shortly before announcing their fall North American tour with Copeland, the band announced via their YouTube channel that guitarist Chauntelle D'Agostino and keyboardist/vocalist Stacy King had departed the band, and would be pursuing their own musical projects. It was also made known that Eisley's drummer, Weston, would no longer be touring, but would continue recording with the group in a limited fashion. Sherri DuPree-Bemis and Garron DuPree remain the core of Eisley, with Garron seeing an increased role musically.  On June 10, 2016, Eisley revealed that they had begun the process of recording their fifth studio record with the assistance of producer Will Yip at the band's own studio in Tyler at the beginning of the month. DuPree-Bemis spoke of the new album in the band's press release, mentioning that, “Musically, you could say it’s classic Eisley, in the sense that it’s melodic, moody pop and is written from the heart. Lyrically, it’s very whimsical; it has a vibe that will take you into its own world and let you escape your normal life for a few minutes. I like to cloak things in a little mystery and romance; I think it’s part of what makes all of Eisley’s songs sound like they’re from the same world. Every record is like opening and reading a book in a series.” Tracking for the album concluded in early July, with mention of plans to release the record in early 2017.

Side projects and guest appearances.

It was announced by Max Bemis (of Say Anything) in September 2009 that he and his wife, Sherri, were working on a small project that "became something even cooler." They created a side project called Perma. Limited edition CDs were sold on the fall promo tour of the self-titled "Say Anything." Each copy included a hand drawn cover by Max or Sherri. Perma planned to release their debut album sometime in 2013. They have already released their first single, "Knockout".  Stacy is involved in a project with her husband Darren King and producer Jeremy Larson under the title Sucré. Sucré's debut album, "A Minor Bird", was released on April 10, 2012.  Chauntelle and husband Todd D'Agostino (of LaRose Guitars) released a three-song EP called "Everlasting Songs" under the name Rising Fawn in June 2013.  Guest appearances:

Members.

Current members  Current touring musicians  Former members

Eisley is a rock band from Tyler, Texas, originally consisting of siblings Sherri DuPree, Chauntelle DuPree, Stacy DuPree and Weston DuPree. Remaining recording/touring members are cousins Sherri DuPree-Bemis and Garron DuPree. Their name was inspired by the Star Wars saga (i.e. Mos Eisley). Since forming, the band has released five studio albums: "Room Noises" (2005), "Combinations" (2007), "The Valley" (2011), "Currents" (2013), and "I'm Only Dreaming" (2017), along with numerous EPs. Eisley has recorded videos for "Marvelous Things", "I Wasn't Prepared", "Telescope Eyes" (the version from "Room Noises"), "Invasion", "Memories", "Smarter", "The Valley" and "Currents", which can be viewed on their official website, but largely, the band's strong, steady, organic growth comes from touring and an aggressive online marketing approach.