History.

No-IP was launched in October 2000 offering free dynamic DNS and URL redirection. Users were able to create a sub-domain under a few domains owned by No-IP. In May 2000, Vitalwerks Internet Solutions, LLC was formed as the parent company of No-IP. In January 2001 No-IP began offering paid managed DNS services which allowed users to set up dynamic DNS using their own domain name. Later that year they began offering email services to complement their DNS product. With growing popularity, No-IP has been featured in magazines such as PC magazine and Mac User. They began reselling domain names in 2002 and in 2006 became an ICANN accredited registrar.

Technology and services.

No-IP's core product is dynamic DNS services ("DDNS"). The basic dynamic DNS services using a domain owned by No-IP are free to use as long as the account remains active. An upgraded service to use your own domain name will cost about $25 for the year. Dynamic IP addresses are common on residential cable or DSL broadband accounts. The free service allows users to set up between one and three hostnames on a domain name provided by No-IP. The host name will then resolve to the current IP address of that user's computer. A software client is also provided by No-IP for Windows, OS X, and Linux that can be run on the computer that has the dynamic address. No-IP also provides other DNS, e-mail, and Network Monitoring services.

Dynamic DNS API.

A dynamic DNS host name is linked up to the user's dynamic IP address. Whenever the IP changes, a dynamic DNS client will send an update to No-IP with the current IP address and then No-IP propagates the DNS change to the Internet within seconds.  To facilitate IP address updates, No-IP has an open protocol that allows software developers and hardware manufacturers to communicate via HTTP to notify them of an IP address change.  Many router manufacturers provide built in support for No-IP's dynamic DNS protocol, for example Asus, D-Link, Dovado, Edimax, SonicWall, SMC, and TP-Link.  Most third-party firmware distributions such as OpenWrt and DD-WRT also include No-IP in their selection of DDNS providers for routers that have support from the manufacturer.

Microsoft legal action and controversy.

On 19 June 2014, Microsoft launched a legal action against No-IP, requesting that Microsoft be given control of 22 of No-IP's domain names. This was granted on 26 June 2014, and Microsoft began redirecting domain traffic to their sinkhole. According to No-IP this affected malicious and non malicious users alike, despite Microsoft's statement of intent to the contrary. Legitimate users of the service (including paid premium plans) are also diverted to the Microsoft sinkhole. Backlash to the confiscation however led to Microsoft returning the domains to No-IP.

Vitalwerks LLC is the parent company of No-IP which is a dynamic DNS provider for paid and free services. No-IP offers DNS services, email, network monitoring and SSL certificates. Email services include POP3 email, outbound SMTP email, backup mail services and mail reflection and filtering.


Description.

"Pteridomania", meaning "Fern Madness" or "Fern Craze", a compound of "Pteridophytes" and "mania", was coined in 1855 by Charles Kingsley in his book "Glaucus, or the Wonders of the Shore": Your daughters, perhaps, have been seized with the prevailing 'Pteridomania'...and wrangling over unpronounceable names of species (which seem different in each new Fern-book that they buy)...and yet you cannot deny that they find enjoyment in it, and are more active, more cheerful, more self-forgetful over it, than they would have been over novels and gossip, crochet and Berlin-wool. According to one author:  Although the main period of popularity of ferns as a decorative motif extended from the 1850s until the 1890s, the interest in ferns had really begun in the late 1830s when the British countryside attracted increasing numbers of amateur and professional botanists. New discoveries were published in periodicals, particularly "", which first appeared in 1844. Ferns proved to be a particularly fruitful group of plants for new records because they had been studied less than flowering plants. Also, ferns were most diverse and abundant in the wilder, wetter, western and northern parts of Britain which were becoming more accessible through the development of better roads and the railway.

Collection and cultivation.

The collection of ferns drew enthusiasts from different social classes and it is said that "even the farm labourer or miner could have a collection of British ferns which he had collected in the wild and a common interest sometimes brought people of very different social backgrounds together."  For some a fashionable hobby and for others a more serious scientific pursuit, fern collecting became commercialised with the sale of merchandise for fern collectors. Equipped with "The Ferns of Great Britain and Ireland" or one of the many other books sold for fern identification, collectors sought out ferns from dealers and in their native habitats across the British Isles and beyond. Fronds were pressed in albums for display in homes. Live plants were also collected for cultivation in gardens and indoors. Nurseries provided not only native species but exotic species from the Americas and other parts of the world.  The Wardian case, a forerunner of the modern terrarium, was invented about 1829 by Nathaniel Bagshaw Ward to protect his ferns from the air pollution of 19th century London. Wardian cases soon became features of stylish drawing rooms in Western Europe and the United States and helped spread the fern craze and the craze for growing orchids that followed. Ferns were also cultivated in fern houses (greenhouses devoted to ferns) and in outdoor ferneries.  Besides approximately seventy native British species and natural hybrids of ferns, horticulturalists of this era were very interested in so-called "monstrosities" – odd variants of wild species. From these they selected hundreds of varieties for cultivation. "Polystichum setiferum", "Athyrium filix-femina", and "Asplenium scolopendrium", for example, each yielded about three hundred different varieties.

Decorative art.

Fern motifs first became conspicuous at the 1862 International Exhibition and remained popular "as fond symbol of pleasurable pursuits" until the turn of the century.  As fern fronds are somewhat flat they were used for decoration in ways that many other plants could not be. They were glued into collectors' albums, affixed to three dimensional objects, used as stencils for "spatter-work", inked and pressed into surfaces for nature printing, and so forth.  Fern pottery patterns were introduced by Wedgwood, Mintons Ltd, Royal Worcester, Ridgeway, George Jones, and others, with various shapes and styles of decoration including majolica. A memorial to Sir William Jackson Hooker, Director of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew was commissioned from Josiah Wedgwood and Sons and erected in Kew Church in 1867 with jasperware panels with applied sprigs representing exotic ferns. A copy was presented to what is now the Victoria and Albert Museum where it may still be seen.  While realistic depictions of ferns were especially favoured in the decorative arts of this period, "Even when the representation was stylised such as was common on engraved glass and metal, the effect was still recognisably 'ferny'."

Other species.

"Selaginella" and "Lycopodiopsida" and other fern ally plants were also collected and represented on decorative objects.

Effects on native populations.

The zeal of Victorian collectors led to significant reductions in the wild populations of a number of the rarer species. Oblong Woodsia came under severe threat in Scotland, especially in the Moffat Hills. This area once had the most extensive UK populations of the species but there now remain only a few small colonies whose future remains under threat. The related Alpine Woodsia suffered a similar fate, although the risks were not all to the plants. John Sadler, later a curator of the Royal Botanic Garden Edinburgh, nearly lost his life obtaining a fern tuft on a cliff near Moffat, and a botanical guide called William Williams died collecting Alpine Woodsia in Wales in 1861. His body was found at the foot of the cliff where Edward Lhwyd had first collected the species nearly two centuries earlier. In her botanical guidebook and memoir "Hardy Ferns" (1865), the writer Nona Bellairs called for laws to protect ferns from over-collection: "We must have 'Fern laws', and preserve them like game".  The Killarney Fern, considered to be one of Europe's most threatened plants and once found on Arran, was thought to be extinct in Scotland due to the activities of 19th century collectors, but the species has since been discovered on Skye in its gametophyte form. Dickie's Bladder-fern, which was discovered growing on base-rich rocks in a sea cave on the coast of Kincardineshire in 1838. By 1860 the original colony seemed to have been extirpated, although the species has recovered and today there is a population of more than 100 plants there, where it grows in a roof fissure.

Outside the United Kingdom.

Pteridomania is "usually considered a British eccentricity", and historians are divided regarding its reach outside the United Kingdom. John D. Scott has written: The craze seemed to have passed America by – most likely because these same species in America are essentially free of these "freaky" abnormal forms. It may also be due to the fact the American botanists have been for the most part more interested in unravelling the complexities of the species involved in the fern complexes such as Asplenium, Dryopteris, and Botrychium. On the other hand, historian Sarah Whittingham has "turned up much proof that it reached American shores" in her book, "Fern Fever: The Story of Pteridomania". The American Fern Society was established in 1893 and now has over 900 members worldwide. The society is based at Indiana University and counts itself as "one of the largest international fern clubs in the world." William Ralph Maxon served repeatedly as the society president.  The Dorrance H. Hamilton Fernery at the Morris Arboretum of the University of Pennsylvania is the only remaining freestanding Victorian fernery in North America. It has a curved Victorian-style glass roof and turned 100 years old in 1999. Designed by John Morris, the arboretum's namesake, the Fernery is said to embody "some of the many passions of the Victorians: a love of collecting, a veneration of nature, and the fashion of romantic gardens...its filigree roof sparkling in sunlight.

Pteridomania or Fern-Fever was a Victorian craze for ferns. Decorative arts of the period presented the fern motif in pottery, glass, metal, textiles, wood, printed paper, and sculpture, with ferns "appearing on everything from christening presents to gravestones and memorials".


History.

The club was established at the Chequers Hotel on 28 January 1874. Initially playing in crimson and green, their first match was played two weeks later, losing 2–1 to East of England Non Conformist Grammar School. In 1885 they were founders of the Hertfordshire County Football Association, and subsequently started playing in local leagues in the 1890s. They joined the Stansted & District League, winning it in 1910–11 and 1912–13, and also entered a team in the Saffron Walden & District League during the same era, winning it in 1911–12, 1912–13 and 1913–14.  After World War I Bishop's Stortford won both the Stansted & District League and the East Hertfordshire League in 1919–20. In 1921 they joined the North-Eastern Division of the Hertfordshire County League. In 1923 the league was reduced to a single division, and it disbanded entirely in 1925, making a brief comeback in 1926–27, when Stortford were one of only six clubs to play in it. In 1929 they joined the new Division Two East of the Spartan League, which they went on to win in 1931–32, earning promotion to Division One.  Following World War II, the league resumed in 1945, with Bishop's Stortford in the Eastern Division. Despite finishing in last place in 1945–46, they were placed in the Premier Division the following season. However, after finishing bottom of the Premier Division in 1948–49, they were relegated to Division One. In 1951 the club were founder members of the Delphian League, which they won in 1954–55. After the league disbanded in 1963 they joined Division Two of the Athenian League, winning Division One in 1965–66 and the Premier Division in 1969–70.  In the 1970–71 season Bishop's Stortford reached the first round of the FA Cup for the first time, losing 6–1 at Reading. In 1971 the club switched to the Isthmian League, and in 1973 they reached the second round of the FA Cup, losing 3–1 at Peterborough United after a replay. They also reached the semi-finals of the FA Amateur Cup, losing 1–0 to Slough Town. However, the following season they won the last ever edition of the cup, beating Ilford 4–1 at Wembley. In 1974–75 they reached the FA Cup first round again, but lost 2–0 at Leatherhead in a replay. The following season they reached the second round again, losing 2–0 at Aldershot.  In 1977–78 Bishop's Stortford finished bottom of the Isthmian League Premier Division, and were relegated to Division One. They returned as Division One champions in 1980–81, a season in which they won the FA Trophy with a 1–0 win over Sutton United at Wembley, becoming the first club to win both the FA Amateur Cup and the FA Trophy. In 1982–83 the club beat Football League opposition in the FA Cup for the first time, winning 2–1 at Reading in the first round. After beating Slough Town 4–1 in the second round, they held Second Division Middlesbrough to a 2–2 draw at Ayresome Park, before losing 2–1 at home. They reached the first round again in 1984–85, 1985–86 and 1986–87, but failed to progress on each occasion, with the club losing to Brentford, Peterborough United and Colchester United respectively.  Bishop's Stortford finished bottom of the Premier Division in 1991–92, and were relegated back to Division One. They returned as champions in 1993–94, but were relegated again in 1998–99. After a second-place finish in 2001–02 the club returned to the Premier Division, and after finishing eleventh in 2003–04, were placed in the newly formed Conference South. The 2003–04 season also saw them reach the FA Cup first round again, eventually losing 6–0 at Mansfield Town. In 2006–07 another first round appearance resulted in a 5–3 defeat to King's Lynn. Rushden & Diamonds' expulsion from the Football Conference led to the club being transferred to the Conference North in 2011. In 2012–13 they reached the FA Cup first round for the twelfth time, losing 2–1 at home to Hasting United. At the end of the season they were transferred back to the Conference South, and the following season saw another FA Cup first round appearance, a 2–1 defeat at home to Northampton Town.  Stortford were relegated to the Premier Division of the Southern League at the end of the 2016–17 season after finishing second-from-bottom of the renamed National League South. The club were transferred to the Premier Division of the Isthmian League a year for the 2018–19 season.

Ground.

The club initially played home matches at Silver Leys, which they shared with the polo club. In 1897 they moved to the playing fields of the Grammar School on Hadham Road, remaining there until moving to Havers Lane in 1900 and Laundry Field on Dunmow Road in 1903.  Following World War I, local businessman Joe Brazier allowed the club to start playing at a piece of land near South Road, which became known as Brazier's Field and later the Town Ground. The ground was opened on 4 October 1919 with a match against Ware in front of a crowd of 400, which saw Stortford win 2–1. A wooden pavilion was later erected on site, having been moved from Silver Leys. In 1927 the club bought the land from Brazier, and a wooden stand was built in 1931.  Covered terracing was installed behind both goals in the 1950s, and a new 250-seat main stand was built in 1961. Some uncovered terracing was added alongside the main stand in 1968. Floodlights were installed in 1967, and the following year saw the ground renamed the George Wilson Stadium after a former chairman, although by then the ground was commonly known as simply Rhodes Avenue. Due to financial problems, the club sold the ground in 1997, with the last match played against Ware in December that year. Mirroring the result in the first-ever game at the ground, Stortford won 2–1.  After eighteen months groundsharing at Boreham Wood, Dagenham & Redbridge, Hitchin Town, St Albans City and Ware, the club returned to Bishop's Stortford in 1999 when Woodside Park was complete. The first match was played on 17 July 1999, a friendly against Norwich City. There are seated stands on either side of the pitch, with covered terracing at each end. It is currently also known as the Prokit UK Stadium for sponsorship purposes.

Bishop's Stortford Football Club is a football club based in Bishop's Stortford, Hertfordshire, England. They are currently members of the and play at Woodside Park.


Plot.

Continuing from where the show had left off, Tina Cohen-Chang (Jenna Ushkowitz) is distressed that she's only on the waiting list for Brown University, and Artie Abrams (Kevin McHale) cheers her up through a performance of "Whenever I Call You Friend". Their relationship sours when Principal Sue Sylvester (Jane Lynch) announces that they both have equal qualifications to be class valedictorian and will have a "speech-off" to decide who will get it. In addition to this, Artie and Tina also compete for a solo at Nationals through a performance of "My Lovin' (You're Never Gonna Get It)", during which Tina accidentally pushes Artie out of his wheelchair.  In New York, Santana Lopez (Naya Rivera) grows dissatisfied with her prospects in light of Rachel Berry's (Lea Michele) achievements on Broadway, and auditions to be Rachel's understudy in "Funny Girl" through a performance of "Don't Rain on My Parade", copying Rachel's signature moves. Rachel is infuriated, and trades insults with Santana. Their rivalry is furthered when Santana gets the job, and director Rupert Campion (Peter Facinelli) announces that the show is using the fact that they came from the same school in Ohio as part of the show's publicity.  Meanwhile, Kurt Hummel (Chris Colfer) suspects that Elliott "Starchild" Gilbert (Adam Lambert) is trying to steal the band from him, and decides to get closer by pretending to want guitar lessons. Elliott takes Kurt to a guitar store, where they perform "I Believe in a Thing Called Love" and realize they enjoy spending time together. Elliott reassures Kurt he is not trying to upstage him. Kurt uploads a picture of them together, giving Blaine Anderson (Darren Criss) slight feelings of discomfort.  At the speech-off, Artie and Tina apologize to one another by praising each other in their speeches. Sue's assembled panel, consisted of Will Schuester (Matthew Morrison), Coach Shannon Beiste (Dot-Marie Jones) and Janitor Figgins (Iqbal Theba), ends up tied, and Sue instead gives valedictorian to Blaine, making Artie and Tina co-salutatorians. While Blaine, Artie and Tina gather to sing "Breakaway" with their friends, Rachel decides to move out of the loft and cut ties with Santana, making their friendship come to an end.

Production.

The episode was in production by November 20, 2013, and Chris Colfer tweeted about "pole dancing" in a scene that morning with Adam Lambert.  Effective with this episode, the show moves from its broadcast time of 9:00 pm Eastern time on Thursday nights, its time slot for the fourth season and for the fall portion of the fifth season, to Tuesday nights at 8:00 pm Eastern time.  Special guest star Peter Facinelli returns as Rupert Campion, the "Funny Girl" director. Other recurring characters in this episode include McKinley football coach Shannon Beiste (Dot-Marie Jones), janitor and former principal Figgins (Iqbal Theba) and cheerleader Becky Jackson (Lauren Potter), and NYU student and Pamela Lansbury bandmember Elliott "Starchild" Gilbert (Lambert).  Seven songs from the episode are being released as singles: Kelly Clarkson's "Breakaway" featuring Darren Criss, McHale, and Ushkowitz; "Whenever I Call You Friend" by Kenny Loggins and Stevie Nicks and "My Lovin' (You're Never Gonna Get It)" by En Vogue, both performed by McHale and Ushkowitz; "Don't Rain on My Parade" from "Funny Girl" featuring Rivera; "Every Breath You Take" by The Police and "Brave" by Sara Bareilles, both performed by Michele and Rivera; and The Darkness's "I Believe in a Thing Called Love" featuring Lambert and Chris Colfer.

Reception.

Critical reception.

"Frenemies" met with positive reviews from critics. Daniel Sperling from "Digital Spy" said: "'Frenemies' is a decent return for "Glee", one that wisely ditches the newbies to explore and test the bonds between our favourite characters in great, if occasionally painful, detail." Christine Petralia from "BuddyTV" said: "The last few episodes last year had me not loving Glee too much, but this episode has turned it around." Laura Frances from "Screen Crave" said: "The episode was one of the strongest we’ve seen in a long time." Matt Richenthal from "TV Fanatic" said: "Glee made a triumphant return to Fox last night, airing an episode that helped us forget about that debacle of a Christmas special."

"Frenemies" is the ninth episode and spring premiere of the fifth season of the American musical television series "Glee", and the ninety-seventh episode overall. Written by Ned Martel and directed by Bradley Buecker, it aired on Fox in the United States on February 25, 2014. Effective with this episode, the show moves back to Tuesday nights at 8:00 pm Eastern time from Thursday nights at 9:00 pm Eastern time.


Early life.

Bingham was born in Hobbs, New Mexico. His family relocated to the Midland–Odessa area of West Texas, before eventually moving to Houston, Texas. He attended high school primarily in Houston at Westfield High School.  Bingham's mother purchased his first guitar when he was 16-years-old. Although he was fascinated by music, he left his guitar dormant in his closet. Roughly a year later, Bingham hitchhiked back west to Laredo, Texas, in hopes of landing a job with his Dad, carrying the guitar with him on the trip. Bingham's father enjoyed having neighbors over on their porch to drink beer, and one of them taught him a classical Mariachi song called "La Malaguena" in segments. Though he loved playing the song, it was the only one he would learn during his time in Laredo.  He relocated to Stephenville, Texas. There, he began learning more music while also riding on the rodeo team at Tarleton State University. It was in Stephenville that he would write arguably his most well-known hit "Southside Of Heaven" in a trailer house. He also began to play local gigs there, namely a local golf course and a few small bars.  While in Stephenville, Bingham had a friend that caught wind of a job in Paris, France, with the "Wild West Show" at the Disney Resort. He bought a one-way ticket with $100 in his pocket. Upon arrival, he was informed that the manager he had a mutual friend with was no longer with the company, and he found himself stranded with his guitar and old riggin' bag from his rodeo days. Luckily, he found some friends-of-friends within the Disney programs and began playing music in local parks for tips.  Eventually, he saved enough money to get back to Texas and moved in with a rodeo buddy near Fort Worth, Texas. His friend had a brother (Matthew "Papa" Smith) that cut hair during the day and played drums as a hobby. After an introduction and impromptu gig at an empty bar in Fort Worth, he and Papa would go on to be the founding members of Ryan Bingham and the Dead Horses. Marc Ford of the Black Crowes was one of the few people in the bar that night. He approached Ryan after the gig with an offer to record an album.

Career.

After issuing self-released "Wishbone Saloon" and "Dead Horses", the latter distributed by Lone Star Music, Bingham was signed to Lost Highway Records, who issued his first major label debut with "Mescalito" on October 2, 2007, produced by former Black Crowes guitarist Marc Ford. "Texas Music Magazine" has opined that "Bingham talks and sings with a whiskey-and-cigarette throat that screams hard living. Hard in a way that can make a 29-year-old sound like a 50-year-old Tom Waits." Bingham spent several years on the rodeo circuit: He began bull riding in his late teens.  Bingham's former band, The Dead Horses, was composed of Matthew "Papa" Smith (drums), Corby Schaub (guitar and mandolin) and Marc Ford's son Elijah (bass). The bass player on "Mescalito" was Jeb Venable (a.k.a. Jeb Stuart), with Joe Allen credited as well, plus a contribution from John Bazz on upright bass. Bingham appeared with the Drive-by Truckers on the PBS show "Austin City Limits" in October 2007. The first single from "Mescalito," entitled "Southside of Heaven," was released on November 30, 2007. The second single was entitled "Bread and Water."  On June 2, 2009, Ryan Bingham and The Dead Horses released their second studio album titled "Roadhouse Sun" via Lost Highway Records. It was once again produced by Marc Ford.  Bingham performed two songs for the soundtrack of the movie "Crazy Heart", including "I Don't Know," and the theme song, "The Weary Kind." The song was co-written by Bingham and producer, T Bone Burnett. Bingham also played a small role in the film as Tony. On January 17, 2010, Bingham was awarded the Golden Globe for Best Original Song for "The Weary Kind". The song also won the 2010 Academy Award for Best Original Song, the 2010 Grammy award for Best Song Written for a Motion Picture, Television or Other Visual Media, as well as Song of the Year at the 9th Annual Americana Music Association awards.  Bingham joined back up with his band the Dead Horses to release their third studio album, "Junky Star", on August 31, 2010. The album debuted in the Top 20 on the "Billboard" 200 Chart & in the Top 10 on the Billboard Rock Album Chart, making "Junky Star" Bingham's highest charting and most successful release to date.  In 2012, Bingham parted ways with the Dead Horses and record label Lost Highway Records to release his fourth studio album, "Tomorrowland", on his own Axster Bingham Records label. Bingham co-produced the album with musician/producer Justin Stanley. The first single released from "Tomorrowland" was "Heart of Rhythm." Both the single and the official lyric video debuted on Americansongwriter.com on July 30, 2012. Bingham's second "Tomorrowland" single "Guess Who’s Knockin" debuted on Rollingstone.com on September 6, 2012. The official music video for "Guess Who’s Knocking" premiered on Pastmagazine.com October 4, 2012.  In 2013, Bingham's song "For Anyone's Sake" appeared in the closing credits of the feature film "Joe", starring Nicolas Cage. Bingham wrote the song for the film, the song was released as part of the film's original soundtrack in April 2014. In the same year, Bingham also wrote and recorded "Until I'm One With You", the theme song for FX TV drama series "The Bridge". The song is Bingham's first screen track since his Academy Award win for best theme song in 2010. "Until I'm One With You" was released as a digital single on Bingham's own Axster Bingham Records label on June 25, 2013.  In 2014 Ryan Bingham starred opposite Imogen Poots in the independent film "A Country Called Home," directed and co-written by his wife, Anna Axster. Bingham also wrote and recorded the film's title track "A Country Called Home," the song was released digitally through Bingham's own label, Axster Bingham Records, on May 6, 2016.  Bingham's fifth studio album "Fear And Saturday Night" was recorded mostly live at Plyrz Studio outside of Los Angeles, California. The album was co-produced by Jim Scott and released through Axster Bingham Records on January 20, 2015. The album's first single "Radio" was released on December 9, 2014. In a 2016 interview with Rolling Stone magazine Bingham shared, "'Radio' is a song I wrote about the thoughts, memories, and emotions that roll through my mind. The radio that's constantly playing in your head, night and day."  On August 6, 2016, Bingham recorded his first live album, "Ryan Bingham Live" (Axster Bingham Records), at Whitewater Amphitheater in New Braunfels, Texas. The album was released on October 21, 2016. The entire Whitewater Amphitheater show was also filmed and streamed live by Amazon Music.  Bingham released a song titled "Back By the River" on "The Musical Mojo of Dr. John: A Celebration of Mac and his Music," in 2016.  In 2018–2019, Bingham has a guest role in the contemporary Western television show, "Yellowstone", as Walker, the itinerant ranch hand.  In December 2018, Bingham announced that he would be releasing his sixth studio album "American Love Song" in February 2019.

Reception.

Bingham has appeared as a guest on Bob Harris's Country Show on the BBC's Radio 2. Daryl Easlea, writing for the BBC's folk and country review, said: "Bingham will be one of the names to drop in 2008, with an album that sounds as if it's been unearthed from 1972."  "Rolling Stone" magazine gave Mescalito three out of five stars and wrote that Bingham "earns his sepia-toned album cover with a dusty wood-and-steel sound, and despite being twenty-five, sings like Steve Earle's dad."  "PopMatters" review of "Tomorrowland" awarded the album with 8 out of 10 stars. Greg M. Scwartz, writing for PopMatters wrote, that “The one-time pro rodeo rider turned Texas troubadour has blues, country, and Americana influences that are certainly still there. But at his core, Bingham has always been a rock ‘n’ roller and "Tomorrowland" features him rocking at his best.”  "Tomorrowland" was also reviewed by Nico Isaac from Paste (magazine). Isaac wrote: “Tomorrowland is like a good, ol’ fashioned rock anthem of kiss-my-asschaps autonomy... One thing's for sure Tomorrowland- the album and the red-blooded, rattlesnake-eating rebellious attitude—is no place for the weary kind.”

Personal life.

Bingham currently lives in Los Angeles, California, with his wife Anna Axster, who also directed his music videos. He announced at his performance in Austin, Texas, on March 5, 2015 that he and his wife were expecting their first child in the summer of 2015. Bingham's song "Broken Heart Tattoo" from Fear And Saturday Night is a reflection about what he would like to say to his unborn child. Ryan's mother drank herself to death and his father committed suicide. Bingham's "Never Far Behind" from his "Tomorrowland" album is about his parents.

Ryan Bingham (born George Ryan Bingham on March 31, 1981) is an American singer-songwriter, whose music spans multiple genres. He is currently based in Los Angeles, California.


Early life and education.

Gish was born Anne Elizabeth Gish in Albuquerque, New Mexico, the daughter of Judy and Robert Gish. When she was two, her family moved to Cedar Falls, Iowa, where she grew up with her brother Tim and her sister Robin. Her father was an English professor at the University of Northern Iowa; her mother was an elementary school teacher.  Gish went to Northern University High School in Cedar Falls, Iowa, where she graduated in 1989. She attended Duke University, where she was a member of the Kappa Kappa Gamma sorority and focused her energies on the Drama program, Film Studies and Women's Studies. She received a B.A. in English in July 1993.

Career.

Gish's first starring role was in the 1986 teen film "Desert Bloom". In 1987, she starred in the film "Hiding Out" with Jon Cryer. She played "Kat", the sister of Julia Roberts' character, in 1988's "Mystic Pizza". In 1989, Gish’s first major TV film role was in "When He's Not a Stranger" as rape victim Lyn McKenna. Gish portrayed Anne Hampton, the doomed second wife of Rhett Butler, in 1994 in the TV mini series "Scarlett".  Gish also had a major part in the 1989 comedy "Shag" starring Bridget Fonda, Phoebe Cates, Page Hannah, Jeff Yagher and Scott Coffey. The film's title refers to 1960s Carolina shag dancing and beach life in Myrtle Beach, South Carolina.  In 1994's "Wyatt Earp", starring Kevin Costner, she played Urilla Sutherland, Wyatt's childhood sweetheart and eventual wife. The next year, she appeared in Oliver Stone's "Nixon" as Julie Nixon. In 1996, Gish played the girlfriend Tracey in "Beautiful Girls". In 1997, Gish received her first starring role in a movie, portraying Susan Sparks opposite Shaquille O'Neal in the movie adaptation of DC Comics superhero "Steel". In 1997, she starred in the TV movie "True Women" as Euphemia Ashby alongside Dana Delany and Angelina Jolie. In 1998, Gish starred in "SLC Punk!" as a head shop owner named Trish.  In 2001, Gish joined the cast of "The X-Files" as Special Agent Monica Reyes after series star David Duchovny announced his intention to leave the show. During the eighth and ninth seasons, Gish and fellow newcomer Robert Patrick became the show's principal characters and it was presumed that the two could carry on the show even after Gillian Anderson left. While it is generally agreed their performances were good, ratings continued to drop with the departure of Duchovny and his dynamic partnership with Gillian Anderson; the ninth season of "The X-Files" became the show's last until 2016.  In 2003, Gish guest-starred on "The West Wing" playing Elizabeth Bartlet Westin, eldest daughter of President Josiah Bartlet (Martin Sheen). She appeared several times over the following seasons.  In 2006, Gish played the role of Julia in the independent movie "The Celestine Prophecy" and costarred in "Candles on Bay Street" alongside Eion Bailey and Alicia Silverstone.  Also in 2006, Gish began a major role in the Showtime drama "Brotherhood" as Eileen Caffee. She appeared in 29 of the 33 episodes in the series's three-season run.  Gish played Jo Noonan in the A&E TV miniseries "Stephen King's Bag of Bones" in 2011. Also in 2011, she played the role of Anne Sullivan, a mysterious therapist in "Pretty Little Liars".  In 2012, Gish made a guest appearance in 12th season of the CBS crime drama "".  In 2012, Gish co-starred on the ABC drama pilot "Americana" as the mother of Ashley Greene's character. However, the pilot was not picked up.  From 2013 to 2014, Gish was part of the main cast in the FX series "The Bridge", in which she played Charlotte Millwright, a widow who discovers that her recently deceased husband had secrets on both sides of the US-Mexican border.  In 2014, she had a guest-starring role on "Sons of Anarchy" as Lt. Althea Jarry of the San Joaquin County Sheriff's Department. In summer 2015, it was announced Gish would return as Monica Reyes in the upcoming "The X Files" revival. She appeared in episode 6 of season 10. She reprised her role as Agent Reyes for the 11th season of the show for the 2017-2018 TV season. She co-starred with Kate Bosworth, Thomas Jane and Dash Mihok in the 2016 thriller film "Before I Wake".

Humanitarian efforts.

Gish is a supporter of CARE International and, more recently, of Students Rebuild and One Million Bones. On behalf of these organizations, she filmed a short public service announcement video in April 2012. She is on the board of non-profit organization The Unusual Suspects Theatre Company.

Personal life.

Gish is not, as has been frequently reported, related to the early silent film actress sisters Lillian Gish and Dorothy Gish. When Gish first became interested in acting, she wrote a letter to Lillian Gish, who replied by encouraging Annabeth to stay away from the business. Lillian wrote, "There's too much talent and not enough work in the movies!"  Gish started dating "The X-Files" stunt man Wade Allen in December 2001. They married in October 2003. Their first son, Cash Alexander Allen, was born January 12, 2007, and their second son, Enzo Edward Allen, was born October 25, 2008.

Annabeth Gish (born March 13, 1971) is an American actress. She has played roles in films "Shag", "Hiding Out", "Mystic Pizza", "SLC Punk!", "The Last Supper" and "Double Jeopardy". On television, she played Special Agent Monica Reyes on "The X-Files", Elizabeth Bartlet Westin on "The West Wing", Diane Gould on "Halt and Catch Fire", Eileen Caffee on "Brotherhood", Charlotte Millwright on "The Bridge" and Sheriff Althea Jarry on the final season of "Sons of Anarchy".


History.

The club was established as Farnborough Town in 1967 and joined the Surrey Senior League in 1968. Their first league match saw them beat Surbiton Byron 7–6. In 1971 they reached the top division of the Surrey Senior League, and after finishing as runners-up in 1971–72, they moved up to the Spartan League. They went on to win three consecutive league titles, losing only one league match during each of the 1973–74 and 1974–75 seasons. When the league merged with the Metropolitan–London League to form the London Spartan League in 1975, the club were placed in Division One, and were its first champions.  Following their move to Cherrywood Road, Farnborough moved up to Division Two of the Athenian League in 1976. They won the division at the first attempt, and were subsequently accepted into Division Two of the Isthmian League. During their domination of the Spartan and Athenian league divisions, the club went 87 matches unbeaten at home between 1973 and 1977. In 1978–79 they won Division Two of the Isthmian League, earning promotion to Division One. The 1980–81 season saw them reach the first round of the FA Cup for the first time, losing 2–1 at Yeovil Town. Another first round appearance in 1983–84 ended with a 2–1 defeat at Barking. They reached the first round again the following season and faced Football League opposition for the first time, losing 3–0 at Hereford United. The season also saw them win the Division One title, resulting in promotion to the Premier Division. They were Premier Division runners-up behind Leytonstone/Ilford in 1988–89 and were promoted to the Football Conference as Leytonstone/Ilford were unable to be promoted due to their ground failing to meet the necessary criteria.  Farnborough were relegated at the end of their first season in the Conference and were placed in the Premier Division of the Southern League. They won the division at the first attempt to earn promotion back to the Conference. After reaching the first round of the FA Cup in all but one of the seasons between 1983–84 and 1990–91, the club progressed beyond the first round for the first time in 1991–92; after a first round replay win over Halesowen Town, they defeated Third Division Torquay United 4–3 in a second round replay. They were drawn at home to top division West Ham. With the game switched to the Boleyn Ground, they held West Ham to a 1–1 draw before losing the replay 1–0. The season also saw them finish fifth in the Conference, but they were relegated back to the Southern League at the end of the following season.  Farnborough were Southern League champions again in 1993–94, making an immediate return to the Conference. The club spent five seasons in the Conference until being relegated at the end of the 1998–99 season, which had seen them finish bottom of the table. They were placed in the Premier Division of the Isthmian League, which they went on to win in 2000–01, resulting in promotion back to the Conference. In 2002–03 the club progressed beyond the first round of the FA Cup for a second time; after a 5–1 win against Harrogate Town in the first round, they defeated Southport 3–0 in the second round and Third Division Darlington 3–2 in the third round. They were then drawn at home to Arsenal in the fourth round, although the game was switched to Highbury. Following a 5–1 defeat, manager Graham Westley left the club, also taking seven players with him as he moved to Stevenage Borough.  Farnborough remained in the Conference (and its new top division the Conference National) until the end of the 2004–05 season, when they were relegated to the Conference South. A third-place finish in 2005–06 saw them qualify for the promotion play-offs, but they lost 3–0 to Histon in the semi-finals.  In 2006–07 Farnborough went into administration and were deducted ten points. In May 2007 the club was expelled from the Football Conference and were reformed as Farnborough Football Club. They were admitted to Division One South & West of the Southern League, which they went on to win at the first attempt, earning promotion to the Premier Division. In 2008–09 they were Premier Division runners-up, qualifying for the promotion play-offs. After beating Hemel Hempstead Town 4–3 on penalties after a 0–0 draw in the semi-finals, they lost 1–0 to Gloucester City in the final. The following season saw them win the Premier Division, earning promotion to the Conference South. They were runners-up in their first season in the division and entered the promotion play-offs. After a 2–1 aggregate win over local rivals Woking in the semi-finals (winning 1–0 away and drawing 1–1 at home), they lost the final 4–2 to Ebbsfleet United.  However, Farnborough began to suffer financial problems. In 2011–12 they were deducted five points after submitting misleading financial information to the Football Conference, and had ten points deducted the following season after going into administration again. They were relegated to the Premier Division of the Isthmian League at the end of the 2014–15 season and were subsequently demoted to Division One Central of the Southern League at the end of the 2015–16 season despite not finishing in the relegation zone due to their financial situation. They were Division One Central runners-up the following season; in the subsequent play-offs they defeated Egham Town 4–0 in the semi-finals before beating Barton Rovers 2–0 in the final to earn promotion back to level seven.

Ground.

The club initially played on a council pitch at the Queen's Road recreation ground. However, to progress in the non-League pyramid the club had to find a ground that could be enclosed. A site on Cherrywood Road was obtained and developed with support from a local company.

Farnborough Football Club is a football club based in Farnborough, Hampshire, England. Founded in 1967 as Farnborough Town, they are currently members of the and play at Cherrywood Road.


Release and cover.

"Come with Me" premiered on Australian radio stations on June 13, 2013. It was digitally released the next day in most countries worldwide including Australia, Canada, France, Germany, Italy, Mexico, New Zealand, Spain, the United Kingdom and the United States. On July 15, a Spanglish version of the song was made available for digital download in the same territories. A four-track digital remix EP done by British remix and production team 7th Heaven was made available for download on September 16. The EP contains Radio and Extended version of both the English and Spanglish version of "Come with Me". The cover art for the single features Martin's half face and is in purple color. Mike Wass of Idolator criticized it, calling it less inspiring and further wrote, "This is one of the best-looking men in the world. Why would you distort his face and use that drab purple color?"

Composition.

"Come with Me" was written and produced by Anthony Egizii and David Musumeci better known under their production name DNA Songs in a collaboration with Ilan Kidron, a member of the three piece Irish-Australian electro house music group The Potbelleez. It was conceived during Martin's stay in Australia where was a coach on the second season of the talent show "The Voice". The single is an uptempo club, dance-pop and EDM track with "scintillating Latino dance beats" and a length of three minutes and thirty-eight seconds (3:38). "Come with Me" features "a nice wobbly drum-and-bass effect on the chorus that leads into a big Ibiza rave-a-thon chorus." Idolator's Sam Lansky noted that the song has the same musical structure as Jennifer Lopez's 2013 single "Live It Up". Similarly, Brendon Veevers of "Renowned for Sound" compared the single to the collaboration releases by Lopez and rapper Pitbull and deemed it as an attempt to replicate the success of the works by other Latin artists.

Reception.

Critical.

"Come with Me" received generally positive reviews from contemporary music critics. Carlos Quintana of About.com's Latina Sound wrote, "With its intoxicating beats, I am sure 'Come With Me' will be one of the most popular songs in the near future. If you are into mainstream music, you are going to love it." According to "The Huffington Post", "Come with Me" is an upbeat club banger which sounds exactly like a fan would expect Martin's big return to sound, with Martin crooning about spending the night with someone over a danceable beat. American host and reviewer Ryan Seacrest wrote that it's a catchy hit which does not disappoint. Lansky wrote that with "Come with Me", Martin is going for the "mainstream radio jugular" describing it as a "big dancefloor banger that’s definitely, well, trend-riding". Despite that, according to him, "it feels like a pastiche of a million other better songs; the end result is just a little pedestrian." On the opposite side, Veevers was more critical towards the song giving it two out of five stars. He praised the decision for Martin to change his music style and go to different direction, however, according to him, the end result sounds foreign and uncomfortable for the singer, "Gone is the raw vocal emotion and instrumental passion – both of which have been replaced by an over the top production which appears to be aimed at a much younger fan-base with this comeback."

Commercial.

In Australia, "Come with Me" debuted at number three. Martin appeared on the Australian Singles Chart for the first time since "I Don't Care" peaked at number twenty-five in 2005. "Come with Me" also became his fifth top ten single in Australia. In the first week of July 2013, the single was certified Gold by the ARIA. On July 1, 2012, "Billboard" reported that "Come with Me" debuted on the Latin Pop Songs at number thirty and Latin Airplay chart at number forty-nine. So far, the song has reached number five on Latin Pop Songs and number one on Latin Airplay. With 12 No. 1s, Martin passed Gloria Estefan (11) for the second-most toppers in the chart's 19-year history. Enrique Iglesias leads with 24 No. 1s. "Come with Me" also entered two other "Billboard" charts: Mexico Airplay and Mexico Espanol Airplay peaking at numbers nineteen and five respectively.

Music videos.

An official lyric video of the English version of the song was uploaded to Martin's official Vevo YouTube page on June 27, 2013. Martin also filmed two music videos for "Come with Me" on July 19, 2013, one for the English version of the song and one for the Spanglish version. The video for the Spanglish version premiered on August 14, 2013 on Univision. One week later, on August 21, 2013, both the English and Spanglish video were published on Vevo.

Live performances.

Martin performed the song on the grand finale of "The Voice" in Australia on June 17, 2013 where he was one of the coaches. He also performed the Spanglish Version at the 2013 Premios Juventud on July 18, 2013 and on the finale of the "La Voz Kids" on July 28, 2013. Martin also performed "Come with Me" on "The Ellen DeGeneres Show" on September 26, 2013 and during the NRL Grand Final on October 6, 2013. He also performed it during his in October 2013. He also performed the song on March 30 during the finale of The Voice Arabia. He also performed the song on April 23, 2014 during the Chinese Music Awards. During the performance on The Ellen DeGeneres Show, one of the backing dancers suffered a wardrobe malfunction when the back of her top snapped, leaving her to improvise her way off the set. She eventually came back on to finish the performance.

"Come with Me" is a song recorded by Puerto Rican singer-songwriter Ricky Martin. It was produced by the Australian duo DNA Songs (Anthony Egizii and David Musumeci) and IIan Kidron from The Potbelleez. "Come with Me" premiered on June 13, 2013, during "The Kyle and Jackie O Show" in Australia and was digitally released worldwide on June 14, 2013. The Spanglish Version of the song was released on July 18, 2013 and the 7th Heaven remixes were released on September 16, 2013.


History.

The first Silver Panda coins—issued in 1983, 1984, and 1985—were proof quality, with a precious metal content of 27 grams of 0.900 fine silver and a diameter of 38.6 mm. Mintages were only 10,000 for each year. No Silver Pandas were issued in 1986. The 1987 Silver Panda coins were minted in proof quality from 1 troy oz. of sterling (.925 fine) silver, with a diameter of 40 mm. There are several mints that produced Silver Panda coins over the years, including: Shanghai, Shenyang, and Shenzhen. Unlike coins made by US and German mints that carry mintmarks to distinguish their origin, Chinese mints generally do not carry mintmarks. In certain years there are minor variations in the coin design—such as the size of the date, and temple. That allows the originating mint to be determined. An example is 1996 where different mints produced coins with minor variations in the font size of the date on the obverse side of the coins. In 2015 the Gold and Silver Panda coins were not labeled with metal fineness and weight. This information returned in 2016 when the 1 troy ounce coin was replaced by the 30-gram coin (one troy ounce is approximately 31.1 grams).  The official distributor in China for the Silver and Gold Panda coins is the China Gold Coin Incorporation (CGCI).  As of 2020, the highest-priced coin is a perfect 1983 proof panda worth $16,430. The highest-priced, non-proof coin is a perfect large-date 1991 panda worth $3,100.

Design.

The center of the obverse is a depiction of The Hall of Prayer for Good Harvests located in the Temple of Heaven complex. The Hall was built between 1406 to 1420. Chinese characters on top say "", meaning the People's Republic of China and the bottom the year of issue. If the issue is a commemorative issue, the theme will be marked here also. The reverse shows portraits of the giant panda that changes every year (except for 2001 and 2002, which share the same design).

Minting history.

There are many varieties of types of coins issued:

The Chinese Silver Panda () is a series of silver bullion coins issued by the People's Republic of China. The design of the panda is changed every year and minted in different sizes and denominations, ranging from 0.5 troy oz. to 1 kilogram. Starting in 2016, Pandas switched to metric sizes. The 1 troy ounce coin was reduced to 30 grams, while the 5 troy ounce coin was reduced to 150 grams. There is also a Gold Panda series issued featuring the same designs as the Silver Panda coins.


Plot.

Queens car salesman Joey O'Brien (Robin Williams) must deal with the ever-increasing pressures in his life: he has an ex-wife demanding alimony, a daughter who is missing, a married mistress (Fran Drescher) and a single mistress (Lori Petty) who are both desperately in love with him, and a two-day deadline to either sell twelve cars or lose his job. In addition, he has an outstanding loan to a Mafia don which he must either quickly repay, or lose his life.  On the day of the big dealership car sale (and the final day of O'Brien's deadline), the car dealership is taken hostage by an AK-47-toting motorcyclist (Tim Robbins) who believes his wife (Annabella Sciorra) is cheating on him. Joey manages to talk the man out of doing any harm to the other hostages, as police surround the dealership. Without realizing that the assailant's gun is not loaded, the police wound him after most of the hostages have already been released which prompts Joey to promise to remain with him while he recovers. The crisis solves all of Joey's problems: his mistresses learn of each other and dump him, his daughter returns, his job is secure, the Mafia don (whose son was among the hostages) forgives his debt, and he begins to reconcile with his ex-wife.

Production.

To prepare for his role in the film Williams spent time in car dealerships in Queens, NY.

Release.

The film was not a box office success, although it did turn a profit.

Reception.

On Rotten Tomatoes the film has an approval rating of 55% based on 11 reviews. Metacritic gives it a score of 50 out of 100 based on 21 critic reviews. Audiences surveyed by CinemaScore gave the film a grade "B-" on scale of A to F.  Critic Roger Ebert had mixed feelings about the film, giving it a two out of four stars, stating, "My problems with "Cadillac Man" were probably inspired more by false expectations than by anything on the screen, and maybe if Robbins had come crashing in through the window in the first scene I would have liked it more."

Cadillac Man is a 1990 American black comedy film directed by Roger Donaldson, starring Robin Williams and Tim Robbins. The plot of the film centers around car salesman Joey O'Brien (Williams) whose life is consumed by turmoil, which all comes to a head when his dealership is taken hostage by Larry (Robbins), a crazed motorcyclist.


Description.

"J. podagrica" is a caudiciform perennial herb growing up to 1 metre (3 feet) tall. The grey-green, knobby, swollen caudex has a bottle-like appearance, giving rise to some of the common names. Leaves are held on long fleshy yet stout petioles which emerge from the tip of the stem and radiate in all directions. Leaves are peltate and 3 or 5 lobed. Dense clusters of small, orange-red, flowers are held above the leaves on long slim peduncles. The clusters carry both male and female flowers and flowering continues for most of the year. Fruit are green capsules at first, becoming blackish-brown at maturity, when they explode and scatter their seeds up to 4 metres (13 feet) away.  When cut, the plant exudes a copious sticky sap which may cause dermatitis on contact.

Cultivation.

The swollen caudex, showy leaves, and colourful flowers make "J. podagrica" an attractive ornamental, and it is grown as an indoor plant in many parts of the world.

Uses.

There are many uses of "J. podagrica" in folk medicine, including as an analgesic, tonic, aphrodisiac, purgative, laxative, and to treat infections, intestinal worms, snakebite, gout, and more. Other uses include tanning, dye making, soap making, biofuel, fish poison, lamp lighting, and fertiliser.  Additionally, a number of research projects have sought to identify medicinally useful compounds from "J. podagrica".

Toxicity.

All parts of the plant are considered toxic, in particular the seeds. The main toxins are a purgative oil and a phytotoxin or toxalbumin (curcin) similar to ricin in Ricinis.

Jatropha podagrica is a succulent plant in the family Euphorbiaceae. It is native to the tropical Americas but is grown as an ornamental plant in many parts of the world due to its unusual appearance. Common names include Gout Plant, Gout Stalk, Guatemalan Rhubarb, Coral Plant, Buddha Belly Plant, Purging-Nut, Physic Nut, Goutystalk Nettlespurge, Australian Bottle Plant, and Tartogo.


Background.

Wu was originally a minor state east of Chu, which was a major power of the Spring and Autumn Period and was frequently at war with the state of Jin, the other major power north of Chu. In order to check Chu's expansion, Jin made an alliance with Wu, trained the Wu army, and taught them to use chariots. Wu gradually grew stronger, and in 584 BC defeated Chu for the first time and annexed the Chu city of Zhoulai. In the following 70 years Chu and Wu fought ten wars, with Wu winning most of them.  During the reign of King Ping of Chu, the corrupt official Fei Wuji induced the king to marry the bride of Crown Prince Jian. Fearing the revenge of the prince when he would become king, Fei persuaded King Ping to exile Prince Jian and kill his advisor Wu She along with his son Wu Shang. Wu She's second son Wu Zixu escaped to the state of Wu and vowed revenge. Fei Wuji was later executed by Nang Wa and Shen Yin Shu.  In the kingdom of Wu, Wu Zixu became a trusted advisor of Prince Guang and helped him assassinate his cousin King Liao of Wu. Prince Guang ascended the throne and was known as King Helü of Wu.

Beginning of the Wu-Chu War.

"Zuo Zhuan", one of the earliest Chinese works of narrative history compiled in the 4th century BC, gives a detailed account of the battle and the larger war.  In 506 BC, during the reign of King Zhao of Chu, King Helü decided to invade Chu. The king personally led the army, along with his younger brother Fugai and Wu Zixu. Wu was joined by the minor states of Cai and Tang whose monarchs had been held prisoners by the Chu prime minister Nang Wa. The Wu army sailed up the Huai River and then left their ships and marched to the east bank of the Han River. In response, Nang Wa and chief military commander Shen Yin Shu led the Chu army to the west bank of the Han, across the river from the invaders.  Shen Yin Shu devised a plan in which Nang Wa would take up defensive positions with the main army along the Han River, while Shen would go north to Fangcheng on Chu's northern frontier, and lead the troops stationed there to destroy the Wu ships left on the Huai River as well as block the three passes on the Wu army's return route. Nang Wa would then cross the Han River and the two forces would simultaneously attack the Wu army from both the front and the back. Nang accepted the plan, and Shen departed for Fangcheng.  After Shen's departure, however, the historiographer Shi Huang () said to Nang Wa that the people of Chu hated Nang and loved Shen Yin Shu, and that if he followed Shen's plan then Shen would take all the credit for the victory and Nang would be doomed. Nang had a change of heart and decided to cross the river and attack right away.  The two armies fought three battles between the Xiaobie (southeast of present-day Hanchuan) and Dabie Mountains and the Wu forces were victorious. Convinced that he could not win, Nang Wa wanted to flee but was dissuaded by Shi Huang.  On the 19th day of the 11th month (Chinese calendar), the two armies were drawn up at Boju. Fugai asked King Helü for permission to attack, saying that Nang Wa was cruel and his soldiers had no will to fight, and that if he attacked the Chu soldiers were sure to flee. King Helü denied his request, but Fugai decided to disobey the king and attack anyway with his own force of 5,000 men. As he predicted, the Chu soldiers fled and the Chu army was routed. Shi Huang was killed in the battle and Nang Wa escaped to the state of Zheng.  Fugai then pursued the Chu army to Qingfa River, waited until half of them had crossed the river, and then attacked and defeated them again. Later, the Wu army caught up with the Chu soldiers when they were having their meal. The Chu soldiers fled, and the Wu troops ate their food, resumed the pursuit, and defeated them again at Yongshi River (雍<unk>, present-day Sima River in Jingshan County). After winning five battles, the Wu army reached Ying, the capital of Chu. King Zhao of Chu escaped first to Yun, and then to the state of Sui, and the Wu army captured Ying.  Shen Yin Shu had by now returned and defeated the Wu forces at Yongshi, but he was wounded three times in as many battles. Not wanting to be captured alive, he ordered officer Wu Goubi to kill him and bring his head home.

Aftermath.

After the fall of Ying, Shen Baoxu, an official of Chu and a former friend of Wu Zixu, went to the State of Qin to plead for assistance. At first the Qin ruler Duke Ai refused to help, but after Shen spent seven days crying in the palace courtyard, Duke Ai was moved by his devotion and agreed to send troops to assist Chu.  In 505 BC, the Qin and Chu armies jointly defeated Wu in several battles. In September, Fugai returned to Wu and declared himself king. King Helü was therefore forced to return and defeated Fugai, who fled and sought refuge in Chu. King Zhao of Chu then returned to the capital Ying.

Legacy.

Historian Fan Wenlan considers the Battle of Boju and the Wu-Chu War the first large-scale war of the Eastern Zhou Dynasty. Chu, one of the most powerful states in the Spring and Autumn Period, would never regain its former strength and Wu reached the zenith of its power. However, Wu was unable to hold on to its territorial gains and its strength would not last for long. In 473 BC, only three decades after it almost conquered the Kingdom of Chu, the Kingdom of Wu itself would be conquered by the rising power of Yue to its south.  The battle is largely attributed to the famous Chinese general Sun Tzu. In the "Art of War" it was said that Sun Tzu led the forces of Wu during the battle. However, there has been no records of his participation in the battle. The "Zuozhuan", the primary source of the battle, does not mention Sun Tzu at all.

The Battle of Boju () was the decisive battle of the war fought in 506 BC between Wu and Chu, two major kingdoms during the Spring and Autumn period of ancient China. The Wu forces were led by King Helü, his brother Fugai, and Chu exile Wu Zixu. According to Sima Qian's "Shiji", Sun Tzu, the author of "The Art of War", was a main commander of the Wu army, but he was not mentioned in the "Zuo Zhuan" and other earlier historical texts. The Chu forces were led by "Lingyin" (prime minister) Nang Wa (also known as Zichang) and "Sima" (chief military commander) Shen Yin Shu. The Wu were victorious, and captured and destroyed the Chu capital Ying.


Plot summary.

The book is about at the end of the nineteenth century. The protagonist is a 14-year-old boy named Jay Berry Lee, who had enjoyed an idyllic childhood. Born to Missouri sharecroppers, he moves with his family to Oklahoma after his grandfather offers them free land. Daisy, his sister, has a crippled leg, and they devote much effort to gaining enough money to pay for reconstructive surgery. One day, while looking for their lost milk cow, Jay Berry discovers monkeys in a nearby river bottom. Visiting his grandfather's store, he learns that they have escaped from a traveling circus, which has offered a vast reward for their capture: $100 for the chief monkey, "Jimbo", and $2 each for the others. Jay Berry makes multiple attempts to capture them using traps and a net borrowed from his grandfather, but he gains only scratches and bites from them, at one point even losing his pants in the process.  Under the direction of his grandfather, Jay Berry contacts the circus and is advised to attempt to befriend Jimbo. Upon returning to the monkeys' grove, he finds them around a hidden still; the drunken monkeys indeed befriend him, but their gesture of friendship is a gift of whiskey that leaves him drunk. After returning to his shocked family, he goes with his grandfather to a nearby town to visit the library and discover alternate methods of monkey-catching. Having bought supplies, they return home, but the monkeys steal it all.  Daisy discovers a fairy ring, and believing it capable of granting wishes, secretly wishes that Jay Berry may be able to buy the pony and rifle that he has long desired. Soon afterward, a fierce storm frightens the monkeys into accompanying him into captivity, and he quickly returns them to the circus for his reward. Although he considers buying the pony and rifle, he chooses to finance Daisy's surgery instead. By the conclusion, he and his grandfather have accumulated enough money to buy him a paint pony. Daisy was able to gather enough money to get him a.22 gun while she was in the city.

Film adaptation.

Summer of the Monkeys is a 1998 American family adventure-drama film directed by Michael Anderson and stars Corey Sevier as Jay Berry Lee, a young boy who discovers circus monkeys living in the forest near his home. The movie also stars Michael Ontkean and Leslie Hope as Jay Berry's parents, as well as Katie Stuart, Don Francks, and Wilford Brimley.  The book was made into the movie in 1997 by Edge Productions in Saskatoon, Saskatchewan and received a limited theatrical release in both Canada and the United States in 1998 and was released on home video in the United States by Walt Disney Home Video, a subsidiary of Buena Vista Home Entertainment, Inc.

Summer of the Monkeys is a 1976 children's story written by Wilson Rawls. It was published by Doubleday (later released by Yearling Books) and was the winner of the William Allen White Book Award and the California Young Reader Medal.


Plot.

Mike (Tom Hanks) observes his two sons fighting, with one insisting that a promise doesn't mean anything. To make them understand that a promise does mean something, he tells them the story of his youth. In 1969 Young Mike (Elijah Wood), his little brother, Bobby, their mother, Mary, and their German Shepherd, Shane, all move to a new town after their father/husband leaves them. There, Mary marries a new man, Jack, who requires the children to call him "The King". Unbeknownst to Mary, the King is an alcoholic who often gets drunk and beats Bobby. The King also plays Hank Williams’s Jambalaya (On the Bayou)  Seeing that Mary has found happiness at last with the King, Bobby insists Mike not tell their mother of the abuse, to which he complies. Instead of withstanding The King’s brutal abuse, the two boys take adventures to occupy the time that would otherwise be spent with The King. After the King beats Bobby so badly that he ends up in the hospital, the King is arrested. However, following the death of his mother, the King is released and returns to their house promising never to drink/ abuse Bobby again. Unfortunately, while the boys are at school, the King lied about the promise and nearly kills Shane in a fit of rage. In the process, the brothers devise a plan for Bobby to escape the King once and for all. Mary also starts to catch on to Jack's true nature and, in the end, requests a divorce due to all the times he beat Bobby and for his heavy drinking.  Inspired by the urban legend of a boy named Fisher who attempted to fly away on his bicycle over a cliff nicknamed “The Wishing Spot”, the two convert their eponymous Radio Flyer toy wagon into an airplane. With it, Bobby flies away, and the King is finally arrested by Officer Daugherty, a friendly and caring police officer. Though Mike never sees Bobby again, he continues to receive postcards from him from places all over the world. At the end of the film, adult Mike states to his children "That’s how I like to remember it."

Production.

David Mickey Evans' script for "Radio Flyer" was a hot property around Hollywood, and Warner Bros. and Columbia Pictures started a bidding war around it in November 1989. Warners had eyes on it as a vehicle for veteran director Richard Donner, while Columbia was buying it on behalf of Michael Douglas's production outfit Stonebridge Entertainment, which had a major production deal with the latter studio. Just before Thanksgiving, Columbia gave Evans a huge sum for a first-time Hollywood screenwriter: $1.25 million. The deal also gave Evans the opportunity to direct, even though he had no experience in said field; Douglas believed he had the vision to pull it off. This was the first film Columbia put into production under the ownership of Sony, as well as one of the first films to be greenlit by the studio's new management, led by Peter Guber and Jon Peters.  Filming started on June 18, 1990. Under Evans' direction, the film starred Rosanna Arquette as the mother, Tomas Arana as The King, and Luke Edwards and James Badge Dale as the children. The budget was set at $17–18 million after Evans agreed to cut some expensive effects sequences. However, Stonebridge executives found the dailies disappointing, and after 10 days of filming, Douglas shut down production, at a loss of $5 million. Douglas then recruited Richard Donner as the film's new director. With Evans' blessing, Donner accepted with a $5 million paycheck, while his wife, producer Lauren Shuler Donner came on board. Evans remained on the film as an executive producer. With the major players recast, "Radio Flyer" resumed production that October. Donner had Evans rewrite the script extensively to find a way to balance escapist fantasy and child abuse without alienating the audience.  The film's original ending featured a present-day coda where a now-adult Mike, played by Tom Hanks, takes his children to the National Air and Space Museum, where the Radio Flyer/Plane hybrid is displayed next to the Wright Brothers' flying machine. Test audiences were confused by this ending and re-shoots led to the modern-day prologue and epilogue seen in the final film.

Reception.

The film opened to mostly mixed to negative reviews from critics and lackluster box office results. It currently holds a 33% rating on Rotten Tomatoes based on 39 reviews with the consensus: "Overlaying its whimsical concept onto a gritty story of domestic abuse, "Radio Flyer" is a family film that is too harrowing for children and too saccharine for their parents."  Roger Ebert and Leonard Maltin both criticized the film for presenting fantasy as a way of escaping child abuse. Said Ebert, "I was so appalled, watching this kid hurtling down the hill in his pathetic contraption, that I didn't know which ending would be worse. If he fell to his death, that would be unthinkable, but if he soared up to the moon, it would be unforgivable—because you can't escape from child abuse in little red wagons, and even the people who made this picture should have been ashamed to suggest otherwise."  Because the film in fact ends with Bobby successfully evading his stepfather forever, viewers (including Ebert himself) have taken to speculating on the "true" ending, assuming that the one presented was a case of an unreliable narrator.

Dedication.

The film is dedicated to the memory of script supervisor Nancy Benta Hansen and uncredited production assistant Simone Fuentes, "whose professionalism and humor we miss."

Radio Flyer is a 1992 American drama-fantasy film directed by Richard Donner and written by David Mickey Evans. It stars Lorraine Bracco, John Heard, Elijah Wood, Joseph Mazzello, Adam Baldwin and Ben Johnson. Evans was to make his directorial debut on the film but was replaced by Donner. Michael Douglas and Evans were executive producers. Filming locations included Novato, California, and Columbia Airport in Columbia, California.


Dark Mofo.

Dark Mofo is the winter version of the MONA FOMA festival. With many of its events taking place at night, it celebrates the darkness of the southern winter solstice and features many musical acts, large scale light installations and a winter feast. Due to its pagan influence and darker themes, it has been aligned with the Tasmanian Gothic aesthetic in literature and art.  The first Dark Mofo festival was held in 2013 and featured Ryoji Ikeda's 15-kilometre-high light installation "Spectra", now a permanent fixture at MONA. The first year also introduced the now annual nude solstice swim that sees over one thousand people dunk in the River Derwent at dawn on the shortest day of the year. Initially the nude swim was banned by police, however the support of politicians and the general public ended with it proceeding and Hobart's mayor Damon Thomas taking part. It has been speculated that this was in fact part of a complicated bet by MONA owner David Walsh, who made his fortune gambling.  Past Dark Mofo line-ups have featured musical acts such as FKA Twigs, Sunn O))), Laurie Anderson, Mogwai, Einstürzende Neubauten, Ulver, Autechre and Merzbow.  The event has courted controversy since its inception, and interstate visitors have noted how different it is to health and safety-obsessed mainland festivals, with one writer calling Dark Mofo "the festival Sydney wouldn't allow." During the inaugural festival, seven people were hospitalised after suffering seizures during Kurt Hentschlager's "ZEE", a light installation described as "psychedelic architecture". The exhibit was briefly shut down by the Hobart health authorities. In 2016, a series of artworks were taken down after local art students complained. 2017 saw animal rights activists protest Hermann Nitsch's "150.Action" performance piece during which participants writhe in the entrails of a slaughtered bull. The controversy continued in 2018 with petitions from the Australian Christian Lobby and the local Coptic Bishop Anba Suriel calling for the removal of inverted crosses situated around Hobart.  In 2020, the festival was cancelled amidst coronavirus/COVID-19 concerns. It is expected to return in 2021.

MONA FOMA (an acronym for Museum of Old and New Art: Festival Of Music and Art, often further shortened to MOFO) is an annual music and arts festival held in January in Tasmania, Australia, curated by Violent Femmes member Brian Ritchie. It is billed as Tasmania's largest contemporary music festival and showcases the work of artists in a broad range of art forms, including sound, noise, dance, theatre, visual art, performance and new media. A wintertime version of the festival, Dark MOFO, is held annually in June. Its events are mainly shown at nighttime.


Consonants.

According to Beekes, and are allophones of /θ/ and /x/ respectively.

"š" versus "rt".

Avestan "š" continues Indo-Iranian "*-rt-". Its phonetic value and its phonological status (one or two phonemes) are somewhat unclear. The conditions under which change from "-rt-" to "-š-" occurs are fundamentally ill-defined. Thuz, for example, Gathic/Younger "ərəta"/"arəta" ('establish') is a variant of "aša" but is consistently written with "r t"/. Similarly, "arəti" ('portion') and "aši" ('recompense'). But "aməša" ('immortal') is consistently written with "š", while "marəta" ('mortal') is consistently written with "r t". In some instances, a change is evident in only Younger Avestan. For example, the Gathic Avestan word for "bridge" is "pərətūm", while in Younger Avestan it is "pəšūm". Both are singular accusative forms, but when the word is singular nominative, the Younger Avestan variant is again (and all but once) with "r t".  Benveniste suggested "š" was only a convenient way of writing /rt/ and should not be considered phonetically relevant. According to Gray, "š" is a misreading, representing /r r/, of uncertain phonetic value but "probably" representing a voiceless "r".  Miller follows the older suggestion that Avestan "š" represents a phoneme of its own, for which he introduces the symbol "/Ř/" and identifies phonetically as (the voiceless allophone of Czech "ř"). He goes on to suggest that in writing, "-rt-" was restored when a scribe was aware of a morpheme boundary between the /r/ and /t/.

Transcription.

There are various conventions for transliteration of Din Dabireh. We adopt the following one here. Vowels: Consonants:  The glides "y" and "w" are often transcribed as "ii" and "uu", imitating Din Dabireh orthography. The letter transcribed "t̰" indicates an allophone of with no audible release at the end of a word and before certain obstruents.

This article deals with the phonology of Avestan. Avestan is one of the Iranian languages and retained archaic voiced alveolar fricatives. It also has fricatives rather than the aspirated series seen in the closely related Indo-Aryan languages.


Raising awareness.

The centre teaches men and women about respecting women's rights which are in tandem with basic human rights. WAW have in place an outreach and awareness program whereby people of Afghanistan can attend, to learn more about the less harsh version of Islam than what they have been previously taught by ultraconservative individuals who may have malicious intents or by men who are chauvinists by nature. WAW sends staff out to reach out to the elusive women who are in abusive relationships and are afraid to seek help. WAW also reaches out to the community by visiting schools and police stations, with the hope to encourage Afghans to attend the awareness centre. To date, the centre has successfully educated thousands of Afghans including imams (religious leaders) and law enforcement officials with regards to women's right in the context of Islamic law. Their biggest mission is to offer security and liberty for the women in Afghan. Another goal for them is to encourage them to inflate their self-esteem, and also to participate in all area of life: social, economic, and politics. "Our work is strengthened by our commitment to diversity. Their board and staff consists men and women and a diverse representation of age, religion, ethnicity and sexual orientation".

Shelter home.

WAW has opened eight family guidance centres (FGC). A facility opened to both men and women who had their human rights violated, including domestic violence, sexual and mental violence, forced and underage marriage, being exchanged as compensation for a crime, honor killings, and being denied education. It is a walk-in centre, though most clients are referred by government ministries, the police, the Independent Human Rights Commission, or other NGOs.  For cases that bring physical danger to the women, including risk of physical violence and death, they are sent to one of the seven women's shelters. Women in the shelters are provided with training in literacy skills and vocational classes, as well as given sessions with their counsellors and/or lawyers, and their families. When these counselling sessions do not help in resolving their problem, WAW offers legal services on behalf of these women to file for divorce. Their children enter WAW's kindergartens, where they are given basic education.  Women in Afghanistan have built houses for women as shelters in most of the provinces in Afghanistan such as in Kabul, Kapisa, Mazar-e-Sharif, Kunduz, Faryab, and Saripul. The vision of the organization is to enhance the potential individuality of women, self-determination, participating in the social activities such as politics, cultural reforms, social development, economic, and marketing. The organization challenges the norms those undermine woman's rights and violate their freedom. The organization's work encapsulates religion and cultural context in order to accomplish its mission. One of the main goals of the organization is to establish a shelter for women in every province in the country and they are almost well into their way. The organization is mainly worried about the presence of the foreign troops in the country, which increases the Taliban violence. Women in this organization's shelter take literacy classes in order to enhance their reading and writing abilities. In addition, women in the program stay in the program between two weeks and two years, but sometimes some women stay in the program for a prolonged time due to their need of help. Children enter the organization's kindergarten to learn reading, writing, doing art, sing songs, and playing games. Due to the presence of the organization's shelter, it is possible that those kids will have a better future. Women for Afghan Women uses the Bill of Afghan women in order to implement women's right and meets the needs of woman in Afghanistan. The Bill of Rights was signed by the president of Afghanistan Hamid Karzai and it was handed to all women those participated the third annual conference of the organization.

Children’s support centre.

Provisions for Afghan girls and women are poor, regardless of intensive efforts to broaden their freedom, rights, and prominence of life. In 2012, Afghanistan was nominated for being the most dangerous country that a girl can be born in. Afghanistan has much deprivation and unattainable health care. This was mainly caused by decades of civil war and a sustainable economy made it difficult for women to live there. In Afghanistan, women are jailed together with their children. WAW's Children's Support Center (CSC) raises money to get children out of prison. WAW provides a learning program that helps uneducated children meet the criteria for entrance into local schools, in addition to individual and group therapy. Afghan women are usually afraid of confirming the mistreatment that they face every day in their lives. WAW's biggest projects is to give these women a voice, and to build the self-esteem of Afghan women who are used to burying their emotions and their opinions. Ten percent of the Afghan women receive this aid, and can express their opinions in front of millions of people.

Halfway houses.

To develop a complete program that helps both women and children, halfway houses serve them when they are out of the prison and shelter. When these women and children have no home to return to, Halfway houses allow women to learn a vocation, literacy, financial and other life skills in preparation for their independent futures. WAW provides a closure by finding these women employment and a roof over their head when they are independent and ready to move out the protected place. Women in shelters often have the same problem. They turn the women literate by providing for them computers, so they can learn reading, and writing skills. WAW prepares women for their individual future. This organization makes sure that before these women living in the center have a job and place to live when they live the center. This organization also hopes to build halfway houses to everywhere they have an office.

Women for Afghan Women, also known as WAW, is the largest non-government Afghan women's rights organization in the world, founded in April 2001, which is dedicated to protecting the rights of Afghan women and girls. The staff are mostly Afghans and WAW adopts a community-based approach. For example, they conduct educational workshops about women's rights according to Islamic law.


Early life, World War I, and Russian Civil War.

A Russian, Aleksandr Andreyevich Korobkov was born to a peasant family on 20 June 1897 in the city of Petrovsk, Saratov Governorate. He served in the Imperial Russian Army from August 1915 during World War I, graduating from the Orenburg School of "Praporshchik"s during the next year. Sent to the Southwestern Front, Korobkov served as a platoon commander and in December 1917 after the October Revolution was elected company commander, leaving the Imperial Army when it dissolved in February 1918 with the rank of "podporuchik".  Later that year, Korobkov began his service in the Red Army and joined the Communist Party, becoming a platoon and then company commander from September. Wounded in battle, he was sent to study at the General Staff Academy.

Interwar period.

Korobkov served as assistant inspector of infantry of the Volga Military District and Western Front between January and September 1921. Graduating from the Military Academy of the Red Army (the renamed General Staff Academy) in 1922, he commanded a company in the North Caucasus Military District to gain command experience in 1922 and 1923. Korobkov served as chief of the operations and personnel section of the staff of the 2nd Caucasian Rifle Division from August 1923, and in November of that year became assistant chief of the mobilization department of the district staff. Rising to chief of the department in August 1924, Korobkov took command of the 25th Rifle Regiment of the 9th Don Rifle Division in December of that year. He became political commissar of the regiment as well in June 1926 and in December of that year became military instructor of the Kharkov Communist University, and transferred to serve as military instructor of the Saratov Communist University in September 1928.  After serving as chief of staff of the 95th Rifle Division of the Ukrainian Military District from January 1931, Korobkov became assistant inspector of rifle and tactical training of the army in November. He completed the Higher Officers' Improvement Course (KUVNAS) at the Frunze Military Academy in 1932, and later served as assistant inspector of infantry of the army. When personal military ranks were created, Korobkov became a "kombrig" on 17 January 1936. From November 1936 he was commander and commissar of the 100th Rifle Division of the Kiev Military District. From May 1939 he commanded the 16th Rifle Corps of the Belorussian Special Military District (renamed the Western Special Military District), being promoted to "komdiv" on 25 September. His rank converted to major general on 4 June 1940 when the Red Army introduced general officer ranks, Korobkov became commander of the 4th Army of the district in January 1941. He was awarded the Order of the Red Banner in 1940.

World War II.

After Operation Barbarossa began on 22 June, Korobkov's army was destroyed in the Battle of Białystok–Minsk. On 30 June, "for loss of control of the army troops by the headquarters in critical situations and indecision and inaction," Korobkov was relieved of command. Arrested on 9 July, he was sentenced to death on 22 July for "inaction, negligence and the collapse of command and control," and executed in Moscow the same day, exactly a month after the war began. Korobkov was posthumously rehabilitated in 1957.

Awards and honors.

Korobkov was a recipient of the following decorations:

Aleksandr Andreyevich Korobkov (; 20 June 1897 – 27 July 1941) was a Red Army major general who command the 4th Army in the early stages of the Axis invasion of the Soviet Union (Operation Barbarossa).


Plot.

Paul Collier searches for Karen, his girl friend who is going to have his child but ran away from him instead of marrying him. As the two attempt to reconcile a small motorcycle gang called the Rebel Rousers comes into the town. Their leader, J.J. Weston went to school and played football with Paul, but rather than catch up with each other, Paul goes to search for Karen and J.J. goes with his gang. The gang's exuberant behaviour in a local diner causes the sheriff to run them out of town.  Outside of the town, Paul and Karen are captured by the gang with Paul beaten up and the gang vying for who will be the first to have their way with Karen. Though J.J. tries to help the couple the gang pull a pistol on him. J.J. seeks to delay Karen's fate by holding a motorcycle drag race to determine who will "win" Paul's pregnant girlfriend.  Paul makes his way to the town where the sheriff is away taking a prisoner to another town to serve his sentence. No one in town will help Paul free his girlfriend until he comes across a group of Mexicans who confront the Rebel Rousers.

Production.

Martin B. Cohen was the manager of Bruce Dern and his then wife Diane Ladd, formed his own film company Paragon International Pictures. Following the success of "The Wild Angels", Cohen cast Dern and Ladd who was pregnant with Laura Dern in the motorcycle gang film. Bruce Dern brought his friend Jack Nicholson in the film along with Nicholson's former roommate Harry Dean Stanton and their friend Neil Nephew. John 'Bud' Cardos acted as production manager, performed stunts and appeared in the film. Cohen, who recalled the film as the worst thing he ever made told Dern that he was friends with Cameron Mitchell whose name would be above the title as he was a big star. Cameron Mitchell remembered Jack Nicholson picking out a pair of striped pants and a stocking hat to in order to stand out in the film.  The film was shot in January 1967 in Paradise Cove, Malibu, California and Chloride, Arizona but not released until after the success of "Easy Rider".

Rebel Rousers is a 1970 American independent outlaw biker film starring Cameron Mitchell, Jack Nicholson, Diane Ladd, Bruce Dern, and Harry Dean Stanton. Filmed in 1967, it did not receive a release until 1970 following the success of "Easy Rider". It is one of several motorcycle gang films of the period to feature Nicholson, Dern and Stanton. The film was co-written, produced and directed by Martin B. Cohen in his only directorial effort.


Early life.

Panter was born in Croydon, Surrey and spent most of his formative years in Kettering, Northamptonshire starting a one-year art course at Northampton College in 1971. In 1972, he began studying fine art at Coventry's Lanchester Polytechnic, now known as Coventry University.

Music.

In his second year at Lanchester Polytechnic he met Jerry Dammers and together they formed The Specials. The band started playing in Coventry bars and clubs before releasing their first single, 'Gangsters' on their own record label (2-Tone). Following the break-up of The Specials in 1981, Panter went on to play with General Public with Dave Wakeling and Ranking Roger from the original Beat, and then with the reformed Specials in the 1990s. Panter then joined forces with Neol Davies of The Selecter to form a Blues band, Box of Blues. Today, he is a full-time member of the reformed Specials and is also in a blues combo, called 'Blues 2 Go'. He has also played with Malik & Pettite (formerly The Tones), and is in the process of getting together a ska orchestra called 'The Uptown Ska Collective' who will begin touring in 2014.

Teaching, autobiography and art.

During the 1990s, Panter qualified as a teacher and taught art to special needs children at Corley Special School in North Warwickshire from 1998 to 2008.  He has written an autobiography, "Ska'd for Life", in which he described his involvement in the creation of the punk-ska hybrid that became known as '2-Tone, and described his experiences since the band's creation.  An occupation of Panter's alongside his performing with the Specials is art. He has been a professional artist since 2010 and has exhibited throughout the UK. His work is based on traditional forms of iconography fused with the sensibilities of British pop art.

Horace Panter (born Stephen Graham Panter, 30 August 1953) also known as Sir Horace Gentleman, is the bassist for the British 2 Tone ska band The Specials.


Life.

Early years.

Eusebius was born around the year 1200 in Esztergom, Esztergom County, Hungary. According to Gergely Gyöngyösi's book "The life of the hermit brothers of I Saint Paul the Hermit" ("Vitae fratrum Eremitarum Ordinis Sancti Pauli Primi Eremitae", 1496) Eusebius came from a well-known Hungarian family. Cécile Tormay states that Eusebius was a relative of the royal family of the Hungarian Kingdom. It can be found in other sources that he was the son of the granger of the royal court.  As a child, Eusebius had shown his deep religious faith and an ability to learn. He spent a lot of time in prayer and contemplation. He studied in the Seminar of Esztergom to become a priest. Later, he was named canon in Esztergom County, and distributed his prebend among the poor. In his spare time he wrote books. Even the names of these books did not survive. But according to Gyöngyösi these works were written on canon law.  At that time Eusebius was often visited by hermits from the Pilis Mountains who sold him wattled baskets in exchange for bread. Eusebius also visited them personally several times. The life of these hermits aroused his interest and he desired to become a hermit, but his plans were delayed by the Mongol invasion of Europe. He remained at his post, helping to rebuild the country.

Hermit.

In 1246, Eusebius received permission from his bishop, Stephen I Báncsa to become a hermit. He settled in a cave north of Pilisszántó and placed a large wooden cross in front of the entrance of his cave where he prayed and meditated. One night during prayer Eusebius saw in the whole Pilis Mountains deep in the forest lots of tiny flames which moved towards him and they joined near his cross forming a huge flame. From the cross he heard the words: "“Eusebius, summon all the hermits and found a monastic community. The love present in each will be the bond that will unite you and enable each to give loving service.” Eusebius founded the first Hungarian order in 1250 which later became the Order of Saint Paul the First Hermit. He and his companion hermits erected their first monastery in honor of the Saint Cross next to the cave.  At that time there were several hermit communities in Hungary who lived disorganized away from society. Eusebius became their priest, and as a well-educated, canon law expert became their leader.  Eusebius then started to travel around the country to find other hermit communities. His first route led him to the hermits of Jakab-hegy, Baranya County who since 1225 lived according to the Regula of Bartholomew le Gros, the Bishop of Pécs. The two monasteries united and the hermits chose Eusebius as the head of the order. Paul of Thebes became their patron. They called themselves "the Brothers of I Saint Paul the Hermit". Their other name was "the Brothers of the Saint Cross" from the name of their first monastery.  Many people joined his order and adopted his strict rule. Their parents and friends tried to dissuade them, but Eusebius said to them: "Christ loved his mother very much, but with his suffering his mother was tormented by the pain of his pain. He could have got off the cross, but he did not do it because he had fulfilled the will of his Heavenly Father. Likewise, we do not want to get off the cross of penance because people cry for us."  On the 1256 National Council of Esztergom, Eusebius wrote his name as the First Provincial of the Order of Saint Paul the First Hermit. In 1262 he went to Rome with his companions to meet Pope Urban IV to ask him for approval for founding his own order. He had the support of Thomas Aquinas and Stephen I Báncsa. The pope first refused to give Eusebius his permission because of financial conditions and asked Paul Balog, the Bishop of Veszprém to examine the monasteries.  During Eusebius' life, there were 16 monasteries of his order. Later this number reached 150. Eusebius served for 20 years as provincial. As he felt that his death is near he gathered his companions around him, blessed them and calmly died on the 20 January 1270.  Papal legate Cardinal Gentilis de Monte Florido gave the order the Rule of St Augustine, and it received approval with the decree ‘Qui saecularia’, issued in Buda on 13 December 1308.

Blessed Eusebius of Esztergom (,, ; Esztergom, Hungary ca. 1200 – Szentkereszt (today Pilisszentkereszt), Hungary, 20 January 1270) was a Hungarian canon, hermit and the founder of the Order of Saint Paul the First Hermit.


Biathlon at the 2002 Winter Olympics – Men's individual

Results.

Raphaël Poirée was defending overall World Cup champion, while Sergei Rozhkov was the defending World Cup champion in the individual race. Paavo Puurunen had won the most recent world championships, and Halvard Hanevold had won the 1998 Olympic title. Ole Einar Bjørndalen, who had finished just behind Poirée in the overall world cup, had dominated the test event in 2001, winning all three races, including the individual, beating Sven Fischer. Frank Luck led the World Cup in the Individual entering the Games, having won one of the warmup events, with Pavel Rostovtsev and Daniel Mesotitsch winning the others.  Bjørndalen, having just placed 5th in the 30 kilometre cross-country race, was the earliest of the favourites to start. He missed once on both his second and third shoots, but still had the fastest time, just ahead of Viktor Maigourov, who had missed only once. Neither would miss on the last shoot, but over the final two loops, Bjørndalen would gain more than 30 seconds on the Russian, easily taking the early lead. Poirée was ahead of Bjørndalen with only a single miss on the first three shots, but faded after missing a shot on the last set, ending up 10th. Rozkhov shot clear, but struggled with his skiing, unable to get anywhere near the leaders with his pace on the snow, and ending up 12th.  Just behind him, Ricco Groß was level with Bjørndalen early, and while he did record one of the faster ski times, his two misses meant he finished nearly a minute behind, in third for the time being. Like Rozkhov, Frank Luck also shot clear, and after Bjørndalen's second miss, he was ahead of the Norwegian by 23 seconds. He couldn't match the Norwegian's ski time over the final section, though, ending up just ahead of Maigurov in silver medal position. Hanevold was another who shot clear, but ended up 5th. Frode Andresen, the last starter, and the closest to matching Bjørndalen in ski pace, was ahead of his countryman by 90 seconds after the third shoot, having been clear to that point, but then missed three on the final shoot, sending him all the way down to 7th and securing Bjørndalen's victory. "It was worse to stand here watching Frode shoot than shoot myself," Bjørndalen said.  The race was started at 13:30.

The Men's 20 kilometre individual biathlon competition at the 2002 Winter Olympics was held on 11 February, at Soldier Hollow. Competitors raced over five loops of a 4.0 kilometre skiing course, shooting four times, twice prone and twice standing. Each miss resulted in one minute being added to a competitor's skiing time.