Early life and education.

Schmit studied economics in France at the Institut d'études politiques d'Aix-en-Provence.

Career.

In 1979, Schmit started his political and diplomatic career as an attaché in the Prime Minister's office in Luxembourg, followed by the Foreign Ministry. In 1989, he became Secretary to the LSAP's delegation in the Chamber of Deputies. He was appointed to the Council of State on 29 October 1991, replacing René Grégorius.  In 2004, Schmit was appointed to the first Juncker-Asselborn Ministry as Minister-Delegate for Foreign Affairs and Immigration, working under Jean Asselborn as Minister for Foreign Affairs.  After the 2009 election, in which Schmit was elected for the Est constituency as the sole LSAP deputy, he did not take his seat but was reappointed to the government. He was promoted to the office of Minister of Labour, Employment and Immigration of Luxembourg. He is the chairman of the EPSCO network of the Party of European Socialists.  Since the 2019 European elections, Schmit has been a Member of the European Parliament, where he belongs to the Progressive Alliance of Socialists and Democrats (S&D) group. He has since been serving on the Committee on Employment and Social Affairs.

Controversy.

In January 2011, Xavier Bettel claimed that Schmit exerted undue influence on the Grand Ducal Police to drop charges against his 18-year-old son the previous month. Schmit denied that his assistance of his son amounted to undue influence, saying that his 'conscience is clear'.

Personal life.

He is married and has four children.

Nicolas Schmit (born 10 December 1953) is a politician from Luxembourg serving as European Commissioner for Jobs and Social Rights since 2019. A member of the Luxembourg Socialist Workers' Party (LSAP), he was previously a member of the government of Luxembourg from 2004 to 2019 and a Member of the European Parliament (MEP) in 2019.


Biography.

Education.

While at the film school at UCLA Thomas wrote, produced and directed her master's thesis film, a dramatic feature titled "The Haunting of M", a turn of the century ghost story, shot in Scotland. It was well received by film critics and shown at festivals and art houses.

Film work.

In 1973, Thomas worked with fellow film student Gregory Nava on his master's thesis film, a dramatic feature set in the Middle Ages, "The Confessions of Amans". It was the beginning of a writing collaboration that has spanned more than two decades.  In 1984, Thomas co-wrote and produced "El Norte" with Nava directing. The film was a critical success. Thomas and Nava were nominated for an Academy Award and the film collected honors at various film festivals. In 1995, it was elected to the National Film Registry for the Library of Congress.  Thomas produced "A Time of Destiny" for Columbia Pictures in 1988 and worked for the studio on a few writing jobs.  She returned to the independent film world in 1995 with "My Family", a multi-generational Mexican-American family story set in East Los Angeles which Thomas co-wrote and produced.

Vegetarianism.

While at college, she also wrote her first cookbook, "The Vegetarian Epicure" (Knopf, 1972). The book became a success and is acknowledged as the book that brought pleasure to vegetarian cooking. The book sold over one million copies. A few years later she wrote her second book, "The Vegetarian Epicure, Book Two" (Knopf, 1978). Both books have been translated into several languages, sold in the millions in their various editions, and have remained in print.  In 1996, Thomas wrote "The New Vegetarian Epicure", also published as From Anna's Kitchen, a menu-based cookbook with a new collection of recipes. In 2009, "Love Soup" was published, and in 2016, "Vegan Vegetarian Omnivore".

Today.

Thomas lives in Ojai, California and Los Angeles, where she continues to write screenplays and other fiction. She also teaches at the American Film Institute as a lecturer.

Anna Thomas (born July 12, 1948) is a film screenwriter, film producer and the author of "The Vegetarian Epicure", which contributed to the rise of the vegetarian movement of the 1970s.


Music career.

Lau played guitar in several bands and was a member of the Dutch band Neerlands Hoop Express. In 1979 he founded the band The Scene with Lau as lead singer and guitarist. The band's most well-known songs are "Blauw" and "Iedereen is van de wereld".  Lau left The Scene in 2003 and got touring with keyboardist Jan-Peter Bast in Dutch theaters. In October 2006, he resumed the tour under title "Tempel der liefde" accompanied by Jan-Peter Bast and tango string quartet Pavadita.  In 2007, The Scene had a reunion with Lau and three former band members. (Jeroen Booy, Emilie Blom van Assendelft and Otto Cooymans) They started touring again, and released a new CD.  In 2010, Thé Lau topped the Dutch charts with a collaboration with Dutch rapper Lange Frans, "Zing voor me".

Writing career.

In 2000, he made his debut in literature by writing short stories "De sterren van de hemel" (meaning the stars of heaven). In 2003, his writings were published in a book titled "Thé Lau, de teksten". His first novel was Hemelrijk in 2004, followed by a collection of music stories entitled "In de dakgoot" (meaning in the gutter). In 2007 his work has appeared in "1000 vissen", a collection of stories about the Amsterdam's neighborhood Spaarndammerbuurt where Thé Lau had been living and working for 15 years.

Illness and death.

Lau was diagnosed with throat cancer in August 2013 and was told he could not be cured in April 2014. He died in June 2015 in Amsterdam.

Discography.

Source for Thé Lau discography / Source for The Scene discography:  Non-charting Charting

Matheus J. "Thé" Lau (17 July 1952 – 23 June 2015) was a Dutch musician and writer. Besides his solo career, he was the lead singer of the Dutch band "The Scene". He was born in Bergen, North Holland.


Questionnaire.

1. Are there previous conclusive reports on this reaction?  "Yes (+1) No (0) Do not know or not done (0)"  2. Did the adverse events appear after the suspected drug was given?  "Yes (+2) No (-1) Do not know or not done (0)"  3. Did the adverse reaction improve when the drug was discontinued or a specific antagonist was given?  "Yes (+1) No (0) Do not know or not done (0)"  4. Did the adverse reaction appear when the drug was readministered?  "Yes (+2) No (-1) Do not know or not done (0)"  5. Are there alternative causes that could have caused the reaction?  "Yes (-1) No (+2) Do not know or not done (0)  6. Did the reaction reappear when a placebo was given?  "Yes (-1) No (+1) Do not know or not done (0)"  7. Was the drug detected in any body fluid in toxic concentrations?  "Yes (+1) No (0) Do not know or not done (0)"  8. Was the reaction more severe when the dose was increased, or less severe when the dose was decreased?  "Yes (+1) No (0) Do not know or not done (0)"  9. Did the patient have a similar reaction to the same or similar drugs in any previous exposure?  "Yes (+1) No (0) Do not know or not done (0)"  10. Was the adverse event confirmed by any objective evidence?  "Yes (+1) No (0) Do not know or not done (0)"  Scoring

References.

A*l-Tajir GK, Kelly WN. Epidemiology, comparative methods of detection, and preventability of adverse drug events. Ann Pharmacother. 2005;39:1169-1174. Abstract

The Naranjo algorithm, Naranjo Scale, or Naranjo Nomogram is a questionnaire designed by Naranjo "et al." for determining the likelihood of whether an ADR (adverse drug reaction) is actually due to the drug rather than the result of other factors. Probability is assigned via a score termed definite, probable, possible or doubtful. Values obtained from this algorithm are often used in peer reviews to verify the validity of author's conclusions regarding adverse drug reactions. It is also called the Naranjo Scale or Naranjo Score.


Facts.

The Applicant, Mr Euan Sutherland was born in 1977, and after realising he was homosexual, had his first sexual encounter with another homosexual man at the age of 16. Although the Applicant was never prosecuted, there was a justified fear that he may be since, in 1990, 455 prosecutions had given rise to 342 convictions and, in 1991, 213 prosecutions gave rise to 169 convictions. This fear led the Applicant to bring the complaint to the Commission.  Under section 12(1) of the Sexual Offences Act 1956 it was an offence for a person to commit buggery with another person and under section 13 it was an offence for a man to commit an act of "gross indecency" with another man, whether in public or private. The Sexual Offences Act 1967 stated that no offence is committed if both parties are aged 21 or over and consented to the acts.

Judgment.

The Commission considered the application and following a hearing published its findings on 1 July 1997. The published findings show that the Commission considered a very wide range of opinions and factors, including the rationale for a higher age of consent for homosexual acts, opinions from medical staff as to what a suitable age limit is and whether a different age for heterosexual and homosexual acts is discriminatory.  The commission found that the existence of different age limits was discriminatory and that no valid grounds existed to justify that discrimination. They therefore found that the age of consent for homosexual acts should be lowered to 16. In arriving at their conclusion the commission cited their reasoning in the previous cases, "Dudgeon v United Kingdom" and "Norris v. Ireland".  In response to the commission's findings the Applicant and the UK Government, on 13 October 1997, submitted an agreement that a Bill would be proposed to Parliament the summer of 1998 to reduce the age of consent for homosexual acts to 16. They agreed that once the legislation was passed the Government would pay reasonable costs and the parties would apply to the Court for approval of a friendly settlement.  The Government brought the "Crime and Disorder Bill" to Parliament in June 1998 which contained a provision to reduce the age of consent for homosexual acts to 16. Those provisions were accepted by the House of Commons, but were rejected by the House of Lords. The Sexual Offences (Amendment) Bill was introduced to the House of Commons on 16 December 1998 and the relevant provisions were again endorsed by that house, but were later rejected by the House of Lords.  The provisions were then reintroduced for a third time under the Parliament Act 1911 such they could pass into force after a delay of one year.  On 28 January 2000, the Bill was re-introduced before the House of Commons and was passed by 263 votes to 102. It was then introduced into the House of Lords on 29 February 2000, where, on 11 April 2000 its Second Reading was not opposed, but some Lords stated they would propose amendments. As a result, the Bill was adopted under the Parliament Act at the end of the 2000 Parliamentary year and the Sexual Offences (Amendment) Act 2000 received Royal Assent on 30 November 2000 and was brought into force on 8 January 2001.  Following a series of requests for extensions, the Court received notification from the Government on 23 January 2001 that the age of consent had been equalised and then on 1 February 2001 that the Government had paid the Applicant's costs. Accordingly, on 27 March 2001, the case was struck out of the Court's lists.

Sutherland v United Kingdom originated as a complaint by Mr Euan Sutherland to the European Commission of Human Rights that the fixing of the minimum age for lawful homosexual activities at 18 rather than 16, as for heterosexual activities, violated his right to respect for private life under Article 8 of the European Convention for the Protection of Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms. The complaint was first filed on 8 June 1994 and ultimately led to the equalisation of the age of consent for homosexual and heterosexual acts.


Amateur career.

Meyer attended Greensburg High School in Greensburg, Indiana, and played for his high school's baseball team. In 2008, his senior year, Meyer had an 8–0 win–loss record, a 0.95 earned run average (ERA), and 108 strikeouts in 51 innings pitched. Meyer was named a high school All-American, Indiana's Mr. Baseball, and the Indiana Player of the Year by Gatorade and Louisville Slugger in 2008.  The Boston Red Sox selected Meyer in the 20th round of the 2008 MLB Draft. Despite being reportedly offered as much as $2.2 million as a signing bonus, Meyer chose not to sign with the Red Sox so that he could follow through on his commitment to attend the University of Kentucky to play college baseball for the Kentucky Wildcats baseball team. In 2011, his junior year, Meyer had a 7–5 win–loss record with a 2.94 ERA, and led the Southeastern Conference with 110 strikeouts.

Professional career.

Washington Nationals.

The Washington Nationals selected Meyer in the first round, with the 23rd overall selection, of the 2011 MLB Draft. Before the 2012 season, MLB.com rated Meyer as the 83rd best prospect in baseball. He pitched for the Hagerstown Suns of the Class A South Atlantic League in 2012, and was named to appear in the All-Star Futures Game at midseason.

Minnesota Twins.

After the 2012 season, the Nationals traded Meyer to the Minnesota Twins for Denard Span. The Twins invited Meyer to spring training in 2013. After the 2013 season, he participated in the Arizona Fall League. The Twins also invited Meyer to spring training in 2014. Before the 2014 season, "Baseball America" ranked Meyer as the 45th best prospect in baseball. Pitching for the Rochester Red Wings of the Class AAA International League in 2014, Meyer was named to the All-Star Futures Game as a replacement for teammate Trevor May.  Meyer began the 2015 season with Rochester. After struggling with a 7.09 ERA in his first eight starts, Meyer began working as a relief pitcher. He pitched to a 0.53 ERA with 20 strikeouts and six walks in 17 innings. The Twins promoted Meyer to the major leagues on June 25. He pitched in two games for the Twins, in which he allowed five runs, including three home runs, in innings. The Twins demoted Meyer to Rochester, where he pitched to a 7.65 ERA in the next 20 innings he pitched, followed by innings pitched without allowing a run to end the season.  In 2016, the Twins decided to send Meyer to Rochester to begin the season as a starting pitcher. The Twins promoted Meyer to the major leagues on April 25, but optioned him back to Rochester on May 3, after making two appearances for Minnesota.

Los Angeles Angels.

On August 1, 2016, the Twins traded Meyer and Ricky Nolasco plus cash for Angels pitchers Hector Santiago and Alan Busenitz. Meyer was optioned to the Triple-A Salt Lake Bees on April 22, 2017.  On September 11, 2017, Angels general manager Billy Eppler announced that Meyer will undergo surgery to repair a torn labrum in his right shoulder. Meyer was on the disabled list since the middle of July. In 13 starts with the Angels, Meyer went 4-5, with a 3.74 ERA, while striking out 75 batters. He was designated for assignment on November 22, 2018 after missing the entire 2018 season. In late December 2018, he re-signed with the Angels to a minor league deal. Meyer retired from professional baseball on June 25, 2019, citing multiple surgeries and countless hours of rehab marking the end of the road.

Personal.

During the baseball offseason, Meyer serves as a substitute teacher at Greensburg High School. Meyer was married to Kyra Domingo in November 2015 in his hometown.

Alex John Meyer (born January 3, 1990) is an American former professional baseball pitcher. He played college baseball for the Kentucky Wildcats and has played in Major League Baseball (MLB) for the Minnesota Twins and the Angels. He officially announced his retirement from professional Baseball on June 25th 2019 due to injuries. He had last played for the Los Angeles Angels in 2017.


Biography.

Early life.

The future writer was born in the city of Bratislava ("Pressburg"). Her father was either Hungaro-Slovak or Slovak-Hungarian. On her mother's side, she was ethnic German. Dumbravă herself was raised into German culture, and therefore perceived as a German. Fanny spent her earliest childhood moving between the various parts of Austria-Hungary, visiting Vienna at age 4. A year later, her family had emigrated to the Kingdom of Romania, as friends of the Romanian King, Carol I. Her father worked as an insurance executive, and is credited by some historians with being supervisor of the Masonic Lodge "zur Brüderlichkeit".  The royal family soon took notice of Fanny's piano-playing, of her talent for writing German-language poetry, and of her passion for reading Romanian romantic literature. At the court in Sinaia, she became a confidant and lady-in-waiting of Queen Elisabeth and, in July 1884, made her entry into high society as a guest of the royal couple.  In 1886, Fanny Szekulics became a philanthropist and social activist, founding Tibișoiul Society and providing Sunday school for lower-class children. In later years, she was mainly active as a music critic, art promoter, researcher at the Romanian Academy and lecturer on religious subjects, working with sculptor Carol Storck and musicologist Ion Popescu-Pasărea. In 1905, she established, together with politician Vintilă Brătianu, Chindia Society, for the preservation and cultivation of Romanian folklore, specifically folk dances. She was joined there by socialite Frozy Nenițescu, who recalled that, at least originally, the society fought against oriental influences in Romanian dress and shunned the "noise-making" "tarafuri", and was in turn criticized for its "exclusivity". Their work was documented in a 1913 film by Nicolae Barbelian, which commits to cultural memory ten individual national dances taught at Chindia.  Fanny followed her father's Masonic beliefs and joined into the controversial "Rites of Adoption" Masonry. She corresponded with Annie Besant and "Le Droit Humain", becoming recognized as Diva of the Rosy Cross 9th Degree, and probably used the Chindia group in the recruitment of new members.

Literary debut.

Szekulics' first published volume is "Der Haiduck" ("The Hajduk"), printed by W. Wunderling of Regensburg in 1908. The same year, translated by Teodor Nica, it saw print with Carol Sfetea of Bucharest, as "Haiducul" (second edition and third, 1911; fourth edition, 1914). Pseudonymous, the book enjoyed the allure of mystery, and some assumed that it was in fact a literary attempt by Queen Elisabeth. The latter had in fact suggested Szekulics' pen name, which echoes the mountainous surroundings of Sinaia: Lake Bucura and the common noun "dumbravă" ("grove").  A historical novel, "Der Haiduck" was described in "Mercure de France" as a fresco of "Romania's first patriots", with an "entrapping subject matter" and a "perfectly adequate sobriety" of tone. In Transylvania, critic Ilarie Chendi reported being pleasantly surprised by both the book and the good reception it received in Germany. According to Chendi, the work was notable for its sympathetic depiction of the Romanian peasants, with their "clean and ancient way of life". Critics were drawn to Szekulics' minute historical research, which included the verification of historical records in the Hurmuzachi collection, but also inspiration from the popular novels of N. D. Popescu-Popnedea. More controversially, she borrowed heavily from a family manuscript on hajduk Iancu Jianu, and was therefore suspected of plagiarism. The work was also criticized for perpetuating the negative myth of Nikola Abraš (or "Iabraș"), Jianu's main ally, as a traitor to the hajduk insurgency.  "Der Haiduck" came out a second time, in 1912, with a foreword by Elisabeth (signed with her pen name, "Carmen Sylva"). The same year, Dumbravă completed her "history of the Wallachian uprising of 1821", as "Der Pandur" ("The Pandur"). It too was published by Wunderling in Germany, and, in Eliza Brătianu's translation, by Carol Sfetea, before being entirely redone in Romanian by the author herself. The narrative centers on the folk hero Tudor Vladimirescu, depicted as the impersonation of national awakening, but also as a ruthless commander and a blunt politician.  "Der Pandur" was a sequel to "Der Haiduck". The final part of this trilogy, focusing on the Wallachian Revolution of 1848, was burned, by accident, before it could be published. Dumbravă never returned to it, but, by 1918, was conceiving of another novel, tentatively called "Book of Sibyl". She still registered success as an amateur musician. In 1913, at Elisabeth's Peleș Castle, her piano-playing accompanied famous the Romanian violinists George Enescu and Dimitrie Dinicu.

Hiker and philanthropist.

During those decades, the friendship between Dumbravă and Queen Elisabeth centered on their shared interest for hiking through the Southern Carpathians, to and from Sinaia. For Dumbravă, traveling was already a weekly pastime. As recalled by witnesses of these escapades, the physically unattractive and myopic Dumbravă was much admired for her joyful spirit and her adventure-seeking. She wore tailor-made mountaineer's clothes, rode a "famous mare" named Liza, and set up her main camp at the Ialomiței caves. According to Frozy Nenițescu, Dumbravă also took political risks, crossing back into Austria-Hungary, and irritating the Hungarian Border Guard officials with her presence.  With the discovery of this passion, Szekulics turned her attention to travel literature. According to comparatist Luiza Marinescu, her subsequent work should be regarded as fitting in with the Romanian tradition of "descriptive romantic literature" (Alexandru Odobescu, Alexandru Vlahuță, Calistrat Hogaș, Nicolae Iorga), but also as informing the German public about "Romanian specificity". More specifically, critic Mihail Dragomirescu suggests, Szekulics was a disciple of the "Junimea" society. Himself a member of "Junimea", Dragomirescu places the female novelist among the authors illustrating the neoromantic "national ideal" literature promoted, ca. 1900, by cultural theorist Titu Maiorescu.  By 1914, Fanny Szekulics was helping with Queen Elisabeth's charities, a member of the "Ladies' Committee" at the Queen Elisabeth Polyclinic, Bucharest, and a co-manager of Țesătoarea Career School. With Mărgărita Miller Verghy, Izabela Sadoveanu-Evan and other women writers, Sadoveanu was also a founding member of the "Româncele Cercetașe" Association, an early branch of Romanian Scouting, and, in this respect, predecessor the "Asociația Ghidelor și Ghizilor din România".  Soon after, Carol I died, leaving Elisabeth a widow. Reportedly, Dumbravă was able to revive her friend's interest in hiking and literature even after this incident, and, together with the queen, began work on a book of meditation, the never-completed "Cartea Îngerilor" ("Book of Angels"). She delivered one of Elisabeth's funeral orations upon her death in November 1916.

"Cartea munților" and Touring Club.

Fanny Szekulics resumed her activity after World War I. While new editions of "Haiducul" came out in 1919 and 1925, Dumbravă put out editions of her best-selling new essays: "Cartea munților" ("The Book of the Mountains") and "Ceasuri sfinte" ("Holy Hours"). Her first works to be written directly in Romanian, they consolidated her reputation among conservatives and monarchists. According to M. Dragomirescu: ""Cartea munților" [is] a masterpiece of sound Romanian inspiration and healthy language [...]. Therein is so much love of nature, so much intimacy with the mountains' godly beauties, [...] that it is, without doubt, one of the best works in our literature." At the traditionalist review "Transilvania", literary chronicler Ion Georgescu upheld "Ceasuri sfinte" as the antithesis of modernist literature, and as such "a blessing on the Romanian soul".  The new writings blended cultural activism, social ideals, and contemplation of natural beauty. "Cartea munților" thus stands out for promoting environmental protection, with exhortations such as: "Demand, for each and all, the right to rest in the bosom of nature, the right to sunlight, to fresh air, to the green forest, to the thrills of the desire to climb up mountains". She was welcoming in influences from the Western Spiritualists, quoting at length from Emanuel Swedenborg's views on the purified and purifying energy of the mountains, concluding: "The discovery of alpine beauty has been a victory of soul over matter." Mystical, ethical and self-help subjects formed the bulk of "Ceasuri sfinte", which revives and reinterprets symbolic episodes from various religious sources: the Book of Jeremiah, the Biblical apocrypha, the Acts of the Apostles, Joan of Arc's call to arms, etc.  Szekulics' literary fragments and chronicles were published in various magazines of the day, including "Convorbiri Literare", "Ideea Europeană", "Cuget Românesc", Henric Sanielevici's "Curentul Nou", Gala Galaction's "Cultul Eroilor Noștri", and George Bacaloglu's "Cele Trei Crișuri". Such essays included a 1919 introduction to the Synarchist ideas of Alexandre Saint-Yves d'Alveydre, explaining them as a superior mix of "nationalism" and "humanitarianism".  Dumbravă's activism resulted in the creation of modern national tourism associations: in 1921, "Hanul Drumeților" (Travelers' Inn), followed in 1925 by the Romanian Touring Club. She co-opted other locally famous hikers: physician Nestor Urechia, who is mentioned in her writings as "The Great Bear", geographer Mihai Haret, and writer Emanoil Bucuța of "Boabe de Grâu" journal, who recognized in her one of the founders of Romanian "Carpathianism". According to Bucuța, Dumbravă presided over a "school" of hiking, which was less daring and more accessible than the mountaineering promoted by her male colleagues.  At its height, the Touring Club enlisted 4,000 members, grouped into 12 regional subsections, publishing specialized topographic maps, marking tourist paths, and actively protecting the environment. The circle was joined by the young poet Luca Caragiale, who was supposed to compose verse for "Cartea munților", and by Mircea Eliade, the future novelist and historian of religions.  Despite old age, Szekulics resumed her active lifestyle. In 1923, she was in Switzerland, where she climbed the Matterhorn, returning in 1925 to escalate one of the Mont Blanc glaciers. Back in Romania, she set up a regional standard for women's rock climbing, after reaching the summit of Omu Peak. She later settled in Bran borough, at Poarta village, where she intended to set up her own hostel.

Theosophy and final years.

During the latter part of her life, Szekulics became an avid participant in Theosophy, a modern spiritual movement centered on the teachings of Helena Blavatsky. According to Bucuța, this was a natural step from her "credo", the love of travel as physical exercise, to her belief in eternal transition, or reincarnation. Together with E. F. D. Bertram of Ploiești, the writer founded Romania's first Theosophist Circle, "Frăția" ("Brotherhood"). Located at her Dorobanți townhouse, it was originally a section of the Theosophical Society chapter in France, but soon emancipated itself as an autonomous Society branch, and set up its own regional network.  Her circle introduced Romanians to the writings of Jiddu Krishnamurti, with the 1924 collection "La picioarele învățătorului" ("By the Feet of the Teacher"), translated in her own hand. Like the other prominent Romanian Theosophists, Szekulics affiliated with the Romanian Masonic section, that paid obedience to the National Union of Lodges. She held Spiritist sessions at the Marmorosch Blank Hall, with Luca's brother, Mateiu Caragiale, and feminist Eugenia de Reuss Ianculescu as (more or less implicated) witnesses.  Szekulics, called "perhaps the most involved" Romanian Theosophist by author Constantina Raveca Buleu, eventually presided upon the Theosophical Society's Romanian chapter (est. 1925). Her contributions as a cultural journalist saw print in several new papers, for instance the Theosophical Society sheet "Știri și Însemnări", Constantin Angelescu's "Democrația", and the Association of Christian Women's "Foaia Noastră". She was also involved as an auditor and reviewer for the feminist Romanian Women Writers' Society, alongside Sofia Nădejde and Laura Vampa.  As a result of her Theosophical conversion, Szekulics became fascinated with the concepts of Indian philosophy, and dreamed of traveling to the British Raj. She got her chance in late 1925, when she was invited to the Theosophical Society Conference, in Adyar. Frozy Nenițescu, who walked her off to Gara de Nord, recalls that Dumbravă was highly emotional traveling "into the land of her dreams."  Dumbravă took the journey, arriving at Mumbai port, and then taking the Indian Railways to Chennai (Madras). At Adyar, she met Krishnamurti. She then took trips through the Bengal Presidency and the Kingdom of Mysore.  Having contracted malaria, Szekulics fell seriously ill on her way home. The ship she was on left her in Port Said, Egypt, where she was quickly transported to hospital. Her health worsened and she died there on January 26. According to legend, she had hoped to see the Carpathians, believing that only their sight could cure her. For reasons unknown, her body was cremated, and her ashes were transported back to Romania inside an Egyptian vase.

Legacy.

Shortly after her death, Fanny Szekulics was honored with a memorial piece in "Convorbiri Literare", signed by Alexandru Tzigara-Samurcaș, the art historian and courtier. Similarly, "Țara Noastră" journal assessed: "Her ashen hand [...] will find a good shelter in the soil of our country—a welcoming and loving mother to all those who understand her". The Bucura Dumbravă Peak, located in the Bucegi and identified by some with the sacred "Kogaionon", was named in the writer's honor.  Her last volume, grouping her letters, came out in 1927 as "Pe drumurile Indiei. Cele din urmă pagini" ("On India's Roads. The Very Last Pages"). Moreover, in 1928, "Der Haiduck" inspired a Romanian film, with Horia Igirosanu as director. Part of Szekulics' estate was passed on to Elena Râmniceanu and the Romanian Institute for Social Studies. It was set up as the annual Bucura Dumbravă Award for Ethics, and had as its first recipient Emanoil Bucuța. A "friends of Bucura Dumbravă" circle still reunited periodically in commemoration of her death, and, in 1934, published a tribute volume, "Când trec anii" ("As Years Pass").  Her books went through several reprints, before, during, and after World War II, and inspired illustrations by woman artist Olga Greceanu. In 1942, "Der Haiduck" was used by C. N. Mihăilescu and Ion Șahighian as the basis for another feature film, "Iancu Jianul".  Despite being relatively famous in her lifetime, Bucura Dumbravă was generally ignored by later schools of literary criticism. As noted by Luiza Marinescu, "she was not included in neither Romanian literary histories nor German ones" (with the exception of "Enciclopedia Cugetarea", 1940), and was disregarded for her presence on Queen Elisabeth's "camarilla". Writing in 1935, essayist Petru Comarnescu opined that Bucura Dumbravă's work had a "local" character, and was far less important than that of her modernist peers—Hortensia Papadat-Bengescu, Henriette Yvonne Stahl. Still, Perpessicius writes, "Cartea munților" survives as the ""vade mecum" of hiking".  Authors were more interested in her adventurous life and her Theosophical ideas. Completed shortly after her death, the novel "Craii de Curtea-Veche" by Mateiu Caragiale makes a sarcastic reference to her as "the theosophist Papura Jilava", briefly seen dancing with the antagonist. As a mystic who died mysteriously, Szekulics is notably mentioned in Mircea Eliade's 1940 novella, "Secretul doctorului Honigberger".  After the establishment of a communist regime, Dumbravă's work, with its monarchist connections, was removed from the literary canon. In the Romanian diaspora, however, two more editions of her work were published (1954, 1956). At home, such reconsideration came in 1969, when historian Dumitru Almaș and Editura Tineretului republished Brătianu's 1912 translation; literary critic Mircea Handoca also put up a 1970 reprint of "Cartea munților", at Editura Stadion. A ballet adaptation of "Haiducul" was also produced by the Romanian National Opera, followed in 1982 by another "Iancu Jianu" film, with Dinu Cocea as director and Adrian Pintea as the star actor.  Still, biographical entries on her were scarcely found in specialty works until the Romanian Revolution of 1989, when she came to be mentioned in standardized writers' dictionaries. In 2011, cartoonist Vali Ivan relied on her "Der Haiduck" to draw a graphic novel about the times of Iancu Jianu.

Bucura Dumbravă, pen name of Ștefania "Fanny" Szekulics, Szekulicz or Seculici (December 28, 1868 – January 26, 1926), was a Hungarian-born Romanian genre novelist, cultural promoter, hiker and Theosophist. Her literary work, mainly written in German, covers romantic stories about the legendary feats of hajduk heroes. They brought her commercial success in both German-speaking Europe and Romania, and were prefaced by Queen-consort Elisabeth of Wied.


History.

Javanese cooking tradition has a long history, derived from Javanese indigenous elements, and along its history, was enrichen by foreign influences — including Indian, Chinese and European influences. Ancient dishes and recipes was mentioned in numbers of Javanese "prasasti" (inscription) and modern historians has been succeed on deciphered some of them. The inscriptions from Medang Mataram era circa 8th to 10th century mentioned several ancient dishes, among others are "Hadangan Harang" (water buffalo minced meat satay, similar with today Balinese "sate lilit"), "Hadangan Madura" (water buffalo meat with sweet palm sugar), and "Dundu Puyengan" (eel seasoned with lemon basil). Ancient beverages include "Nalaka Rasa" (sugarcane juice), "Jati Wangi" (jasmine beverage), and "Kinca" (tamarind juice). Also various "Kuluban" (boiled vegetables served in spices, similar with today "urab") and "Phalamula" (boiled yams and tubers served with liquid palm sugar).  In Javanese culture, food is an integral part of traditional ceremonies. For example "selamatan" ceremony often performed as a symbol of gratitude, are usually involving a communal feast where participants, guests and attendances are invited to eat together. Food are usually prepared, cooked and served together. It also symbolyzes "gotong-royong" (working together), "guyub" (harmonious communal spirit), abundance and gratitute.

Ingredients.

Rice is an important food crop in Java, dating back to ancient times. The Javanese are known to revere Dewi Sri as the Rice Goddess. Steamed rice is the common staple food, and is served at every meal. "Tumpeng", a cone-shaped yellow rice is essential in slametan, Javanese traditional ceremonies. Rice can be processed into "lontong" or "ketupat", or cooked in coconut milk as "nasi liwet" or colored with turmeric as "nasi kuning" (yellow rice). Other sources of carbohydrate such as "gaplek" (dried cassava) is sometimes mixed into rice or replaces rice. "Gaplek" is usually consumed by poor commoners during hard times when rice is scarce. Tubers such as yam, taro, and sweet potato are consumed as snacks in between meals. Bread and grains other than rice are uncommon, although noodles and potatoes are often served as accompaniments to rice. Potatoes are often boiled then mashed, shaped into discs, spiced, coated in beaten eggs and fried into "perkedel". Wheat noodles, "bihun" (rice vermicelli), and "kwetiau" are influences of Chinese cuisine. The Javanese adopted these ingredients and made them their own by adding "kecap manis" (sweet soy sauce) and local spices to create "bakmi Jawa", "bakmi rebus", and "bihun goreng". Vegetables feature heavily in Javanese cuisine, notably in vegetable-heavy dishes such as "pecel", "lotek", and "urap".  Coconut milk, peanut sauce, "gula jawa" (palm sugar), "asem jawa" (tamarind), "petis", "terasi" (shrimp paste), shallot, garlic, turmeric, galangal, ginger, and chili "sambal" are common ingredients and spices that can be found in Javanese cuisine. Freshwater fishes such as carp, tilapia, gourami and catfish are popular, while seafood such as tuna, red snapper, wahoo, ray, anchovy, shrimp, squid, and various salted fish are popular in coastal Javanese cities. Chicken, goat meat, mutton and beef are popular meats in Javanese cuisine. Next to common farmed chicken, the "ayam kampung" or free-range chicken, is popular and valued for its leaner, more natural flavors. Almost 90% of Javanese are Muslim, and consequently, much of Javanese cuisine omits pork. However, in small enclaves of Catholic Javanese population around Muntilan, Magelang, Yogyakarta, and Klaten, pork might be consumed. Few ethnic groups in Indonesia use pork and other sources of protein considered "haram" under Muslim dietary laws in their cuisine, most prominently Balinese cuisine, Indonesian Chinese cuisine, and Manado cuisine.

Influences.

Compared to the spicy and curry-like cuisine of Sumatra that is heavily influenced by Indian cuisine, Javanese cuisine is most notably influenced by Chinese and European with some local touch. Javanese cuisine in different areas show different foreign influences. For example, Chinese influences is prevalent in Semarang, Yogyakarta, and Cirebon; Indian and Arabic influences in Surabaya, Lamongan, and Gresik; and European influences in Solo and Malang.  Javanese cuisine may also have contributed and influenced foreign cuisines. Javanese "botok", for example, has influenced the South African bobotie dish. Because of the dispersion of Javanese people outside of Indonesia, the Javanese cuisine has influenced the cuisine of Johor in Malaysia, Singapore and the cuisine of Suriname. The influence of Javanese cuisine has contributed significantly to the food of Johor. Malaysian-Javanese dishes such as "nasi ambeng", "soto ayam", "pecel", "tempe", and "sambal tempe" are popular in Malaysia.

Outlets.

Javanese households usually purchase fresh ingredients from the local market every morning, cook and serve them in the late morning to be mainly consumed for lunch. The leftovers are stored to be heated again for family dinner. Other than homemade family dishes, Javanese cuisine are served from humble street side carts and "warung"s, to fancy restaurants in five-star hotels. Small family-run "warung"s are the budget options for street food, serving everything from family dishes for full meals, or snack foods. The popular simple Javanese cuisine establishments are the budget food of "Warung Tegal," which are mainly established by Javanese from Tegal city, and the "Angkringan" street side carts in Yogyakarta and Solo that sold cheap "sego kucing" and various "wedang" (hot beverages). In Javanese tradition, it is common to dine in "lesehan" style, which is sitting cross-legged on the mat while dining in front of short-legged table. It was started as a "warung" lesehan street food dining popular among tourists along Malioboro street in Yogyakarta. Today, Javanese "lesehan" foodstalls can be found in several cities, including Surakarta, Semarang and Jakarta.

Central Javanese cuisine.

The food in Central Java is influenced by the two ancient kingdoms of Yogyakarta and Surakarta (also commonly known as Solo). Most of Central Javanese dishes are indigenously developed, however in coastal cities such as Semarang and Pekalongan, notable Chinese influences can be seen, such as "lumpia" (spring roll) and "bakmi Jawa". While in royal court of Surakarta, the European influences can be seen, such as "bistik Jawa" and "selat Solo". Many of Central Java-specific dishes contain the names of the area where the food first became popular, for example:

Banyumas.

Refers to Javanese cultural region of Western Central Java bordering West Java, including Banyumas, Tegal, Brebes, Cilacap, Kebumen, Purbalingga, and Banjarnegara.

East Javanese cuisine.

The East Javanese cuisine is largely influenced by Madurese cuisine - Madura being a major producer of salt, hence the omission of sugar in many dishes. Many of the East Javanese dishes are also typically Madurese, such as "soto" Madura and "sate" Madura, usually sold by Madurese settlers. Notable Arabic and Indian cuisine influence also can be found such in the coastal cities of Tuban, Gresik, Surabaya, Lamongan, and Sidoarjo, due to the large number of Arabic descendants in these cities. Although there are many dishes with town names attached to them, local versions of these are available in every town. The most popular town-associated dishes are:

Common Javanese dishes.

These are the common Javanese dishes, which can be found throughout Java regardless of the location.

Javanese cuisine is the cuisine of Javanese people, a major ethnic group in Indonesia, more precisely the province of Central Java, Yogyakarta and East Java. Though the cuisine of Sumatra is known for its spiciness with notable Indian and Arabic influences, Javanese cuisine is more indigenously developed and noted for its simplicity. Some of Javanese dishes demonstrate foreign influences, most notably Chinese.


Controlling states in history.

Persia, Greece, and Rome.

Ancient states such as Persia and Parthia, Greek city-states, and Ancient Rome sometimes created client states by making the leaders of that state subservient, having to provide tribute and soldiers. Classical Athens, for example, forced weaker states into the Delian League and in some cases imposed democratic government on them. Later, Philip II of Macedon similarly imposed the League of Corinth. One of the most prolific users of client states was Republican Rome which, instead of conquering and then absorbing into an empire, chose to make client states out of those it defeated (e.g. Demetrius of Pharos), a policy which was continued up until the 1st century BCE when it became the Roman Empire. Sometimes the client was not a former enemy but a pretender whom Rome helped, Herod the Great being a well-known example. The use of client states continued through the Middle Ages as the feudal system began to take hold.

Under the Mongols and the Yuan dynasty.

In the 13th century, Goryeo dynasty of Korea was overrun by the Mongols who founded the powerful Mongol Empire. After the peace treaty in 1260 and the Sambyeolcho Rebellion in 1270, Goryeo became a semi-autonomous client state of the Yuan dynasty for about 80 years.

Ottoman Empire.

The number of tributary or vassal states varied over time but notable were the Khanate of Crimea, Wallachia, Moldavia, Transylvania, Sharifate of Mecca and the Sultanate of Aceh.

19th and 20th centuries.

Russia and Serbia.

The Austro-Hungarian Empire tried to make Serbia a client state in order to form a Christian opposition to the Ottoman Empire. That changed after a revolution in Serbia in 1900. Serbia now came under Russian protection, which was forming a pan-Orthodox opposition to the Latin Christianity represented by the Austro-Hungarian empire. In 1914, Russia repeatedly warned the Austro-Hungarian Empire against attacking Serbia. When it did attack, Russia mobilized its army. Russia also wanted Bulgaria and Montenegro as client states.  Great Britain and Austria both considered Serbia as a client state controlled by Russia. Most historians call Serbia a client state but historian Christopher Clark disagrees. He says the Russians made a mistake in thinking Serbia was a client state. In an unpublished commentary Clark argues: "It was a risk enhancing initiative [of Russian Foreign Minister Serge Sazanov] to allow Serbia to become to see Serbia as a kind of client;... Serbia, to my knowledge, has never been a client of anyone. [...] This is a mistake, when Great Powers think they can secure the services of "client states"; That Those "clients" are never in fact "clients"! That's a mistake that is presumably going to continue being made by our political leaderships, though one hopes one day it will stop."

France.

During the Revolutionary and Napoleonic eras (1789–1815), France conquered most of western Europe and established several client states. At first, during the French revolutionary wars these states were erected as republics (the so-called "Républiques soeurs", or "sister republics"). They were established in Italy (Cisalpine Republic in Northern Italy, Parthenopean Republic in Southern Italy), Greece (Septinsular Republic), Switzerland (Helvetic Republic and Rhodanic Republic), Belgium and the Netherlands (Batavian Republic).  During the First French Empire, while Napoleon and the French army conquered Europe, such states changed, and several new states were formed. The Italian republics were transformed into the Kingdom of Italy under Napoleon's direct rule in the north, and the Kingdom of Naples in the south, first under Joseph Bonaparte's rule and later under Marshal Joachim Murat. A third state was created in the Italian Peninsula, the Kingdom of Etruria. The Batavian Republic was replaced by the Kingdom of Holland, ruled by Napoleon's third brother, Louis Bonaparte.  A total of 35 German states, all of them allies of France, seceded from the Holy Roman Empire to create the Confederation of the Rhine, a client state created to provide a buffer between France and its two largest enemies to the east, Prussia and Austria. Two of those states were Napoleonic creations: the huge Kingdom of Westphalia, which was controlled by Jerome Bonaparte, the Emperor's youngest brother; and the Grand Duchy of Würzburg.  Following the French invasion of the Iberian Peninsula, Spain too was turned into a client Kingdom of Spain under Joseph Bonaparte; as was Poland, then the Duchy of Warsaw.  In the 20th century, France started to apply the concept of Françafrique, its name for its former African colonies, sometimes extended to the former Belgian colonies. At present the term is used on some occasions to criticise the allegedly neocolonial relationship France has with its former colonies in Africa.  The countries involved provide oil and minerals important to the French economy. In addition, French companies have commercial interests in several countries of the continent. As if that were not enough, Francophone countries in Africa help to sustain the image of France as a world power, by giving votes of support for French initiatives at the UN.

British Empire.

In the British Empire the Indian Princely States were technically independent and were technically given their separate independence in 1947 (although the Nizam of Hyderabad indeed opted for independence but could not retain his independence from India). Egyptian Independence in 1922 technically ended a British protectorate in Egypt. Sudan continued to be governed as Anglo-Egyptian Sudan until Sudanese independence in 1956; Britain also had an interest in Egypt until the Suez Crisis was over. Iraq was made a kingdom in 1932. In each case the economic and military reality did not amount to full independence, but a status where the local rulers were British clients. Similarly in Africa (e.g. Northern Nigeria under Lord Lugard), and Malaya with the Federated Malay States and Unfederated Malay States; the policy of "indirect rule".

Germany.

After France was defeated in the Battle of France, Vichy France was established as a client state of Nazi Germany, which remained as such until 1942 when it was reduced to a puppet government until its liberation in 1944. Germany also established, in its newly conquered Eastern territories, client states including the Slovak Republic, the Croatian State and the Albanian Kingdom.

United States.

The term applied to authoritarian regimes with close ties to the United States during the Cold War, more appropriately referred to as U.S. proxy states, such as South Vietnam, Indonesia (1966–1998) under the Suharto Regime, Iran until 1979, Cambodia under the regime of Lon Nol from 1970 to 1975, the Philippines under Ferdinand Marcos from 1965 to 1986, and Saudi Arabia. U.S. - Iran relations under the Shah (reigned 1941 to 1979) have been cited as a modern political-science case-study.  A school of thought saw an earlier incarnation of Canada as a client state of the U.S.  The term might also arguably be used for those states extremely economically dependent on a more powerful nation. The three Pacific Ocean countries associated with the United States under the Compact of Free Association (the Federated States of Micronesia, the Marshall Islands and Palau) may fall somewhat in this category.

Japan.

In the late 19th century, the Japanese Empire gradually reduced Joseon Korea's status to that of a client state. In the early 20th century, this was converted to direct rule. Manchukuo, in contrast, remained a puppet state throughout World War II.

Soviet Union.

Soviet proxy or "client" states included much of the Warsaw Pact nations whose policies were heavily influenced by Soviet military power and economic aid. Other third world nations with Marxist-Leninist governments were routinely criticized as being Soviet proxies as well, among them Cuba following the Cuban Revolution, the Democratic People's Republic of Korea, the People's Republic of Angola, the People's Republic of Mozambique, the Democratic Republic of Afghanistan, and the Democratic Republic of Vietnam (North Vietnam). Within the Soviet Union itself, the Ukrainian SSR and the Byelorussian SSR, had seats at the United Nations, but were actually proper Soviet territory.

21st century.

Iran.

These countries have to varying degrees been called client states of Iran.

United States.

There are three Pacific Island states that are under the Compact of Free Association:  Walter C. Ladwig III, Assistant Professor of International Relations at King's College London, classifies Iraq and Afghanistan as "contemporary client states" of the United States. In 2011 "The Atlantic" listed Afghanistan, Pakistan, Iraq, Israel, Saudi Arabia, Taiwan, Colombia, South Korea, Yemen and Bahrain as American client states. The term has also been used to describe Ukraine, Georgia, Brazil, Japan, Myanmar and Australia.

A client state is a state that is economically, politically, or militarily subordinate to another more powerful state (termed controlling state in this article) in international affairs. Types of client states include: satellite state, associated state, puppet state, neo-colony, protectorate, vassal state, and tributary state.


Geography.

Daintree is a settlement in North Queensland north of Cairns and from Port Douglas, Queensland. The McDowell Ranges are near the town while the Daintree River flows nearby. It takes its name from Richard Daintree, a pioneering geologist of British origin in North Queensland in the 1860s. It is within the local government area of Shire of Douglas (between 2008 and 2013, it was within the Cairns Region). At the 2006 census, Daintree and the surrounding area had a population of 78.

History.

"Kuku Yalanji" (also known as "Gugu Yalanji", "Kuku Yalaja", and "Kuku Yelandji") is an Australian Aboriginal language of the Mossman and Daintree areas of North Queensland. The language region includes areas within the local government area of Shire of Douglas and Shire of Cook, particularly the localities of Mossman, Daintree, Bloomfield River, China Camp, Maytown, Palmer, Cape Tribulation and Wujal Wujal.  "Yalanji" (also known as "Kuku Yalanji", "Kuku Yalaja", "Kuku Yelandji", and "Gugu Yalanji)" is an Australian Aboriginal language of Far North Queensland. The traditional language region is Mossman River in the south to the Annan River in the north, bordered by the Pacific Ocean in the east and extending inland to west of Mount Mulgrave. This includes the local government boundaries of the Shire of Douglas, the Shire of Cook and the Aboriginal Shire of Wujal Wujal and the towns and localities of Cooktown, Mossman, Daintree, Cape Tribulation and Wujal Wujal. It includes the head of the Palmer River, the Bloomfield River, China Camp, Maytown, and Palmerville.  The town takes its name from the Daintree River, which was named on 6 December 1873 by explorer George Elphinstone Dalrymple after geologist and photographer Richard Daintree (1832-1878) geologist and photographer  Daintree Village was first settled in the late 1870s and early 1880s by timber workers seeking "Toona Australis" commonly (if incorrectly) known as Red Cedar in the nearby Daintree Rainforest. There were sizeable stocks of "Red Cedar" near the Daintree River. Loggers moved stock down the river to the coast for transport using lashed rafts.  Dairy farms were later established allowing a butter factory to be opened in 1924. Beef farming later became a significant local employer.  As elsewhere in Queensland, tourism has become an important employer. Daintree Village became famous for early morning tours on the Daintree River and became very popular with visiting birdwatchers. These dawn river trips became a catalyst for the many B&B's that sprung up starting in 1993 and became an important employer of local families. Red Mill House, Daintree Village was the first B&B in the Douglas Shire in 1993 and paved the way for many others to follow.  Queensland's Wet Tropics became world heritage listed in 1986. Daintree is part of the wet tropics and the most famous national park close to the tourism hub of Port Douglas.

Education.

Daintree State School is a government primary (Prep-6) school for boys and girls at Osborne Street (). In 2017, the school had an enrolment of 15 students with 2 teachers (1 full-time equivalent) and 5 non-teaching staff (2 full-time equivalent).

Daintree is a rural town and locality in the Shire of Douglas, Queensland, Australia. In the, Daintree had a population of 129 people.


Mascot.

Toucan Sam has been the mascot of Froot Loops since its first appearance. Toucan Sam is a blue anthropomorphic toucan; the colors of his bill correspond to the three original Froot Loop colors. While toucans have a sense of smell, as most other birds, he is portrayed as having an uncanny ability to smell Froot Loops from great distances and locates a concealed bowl of the cereal while intoning "Follow my nose! It always knows!" or "Follow my nose! For the fruity taste that shows!"  Toucan Sam was first voiced by Mel Blanc, originally beginning with an "American accent" and later changing to a "British accent".

Varieties.

Kellogg's made several varieties of snack foods, including snack bags called Snack Ums. Snack Ums were similar to the cereal but larger. Their slogan was "Super-sized bites with deliciously intense natural fruit flavors"..."Flavor Bursting!" Froot Loops-branding by Kellogg's was also used with the Froot Loops cereal bar.  In the middle of 2012, Kellogg's introduced Froot Loops to the UK market for a limited time with only the secondary colors (orange, green, and purple), as natural color substitutes for red, yellow, and blue could not be found. The recipe also differed from the US version. Kellogg's stated that "due to European legislation we have been unable to produce Froot Loops to the same specifications as the US product. The formulations are different, including sugar and salt levels and the UK version has been produced with natural food additives and flavourings which will account for the differences in appearance and taste between the two products." The UK Froot Loops are also larger in size compared with their American counterparts, and due to the different method of formulation, are a much coarser cereal. In September 2015, Kellogg's removed Froot Loops from the UK market due to a lack of demand for the cereal, although in 2017, a special Unicorn Froot Loops limited edition was released in the UK. As of 2019, special limited edition Unicorn Froot Loops, Mermaid Froot Loops, and Baby Shark Froot Loops cereals have been made available.

Froot Loops Bloopers.

In February 2015, a spinoff cereal called Froot Loops Bloopers was sold and was promoted by licensing a unique "Angry Birds Space" episode.

Froot Loops Mini Donuts.

In 2018, Carl's Jr. and Hardee's began selling Froot Loops Mini Donuts.

Froot Loops is a brand of sweetened, fruit-flavored breakfast cereal produced by Kellogg's and sold in many countries. The cereal pieces are ring-shaped (hence "loops") and come in a variety of bright colors and a blend of fruit flavors (hence "froot", a cacography of fruit). However, there is no actual fruit in Froot Loops and they are all the same flavor. Kellogg's introduced Froot Loops in 1963. Originally, there were only red, orange and yellow loops, but green, blue and purple were added during the 1990s. Different methods of production are used in the UK where, due to the lack of natural colourings for yellow, red and blue, Froot Loops are purple, green and orange, and the loops are also larger in size. Although the marketing side of Kellogg's sold the idea that each individual loop color was a different flavor, Kellogg's has acknowledged that all share the same fruit-blend flavor.


Club career.

Graham began his career playing as an inside-forward with Linfield Swifts, but began playing as a full-back after joining Brantwood. In October 1949, he became one of Peter Doherty's first signings as Doncaster Rovers manager, although had to wait until 18 March 1950 for his debut, a 2–0 home win against Wrexham. "Donny" went on to win promotion out of the Third Division North as champions in 1949–50. The Belle Vue outfit then successfully survived as a mid-table Second Division side in 1950–51, 1951–52, 1952–53, 1953–54, 1954–55, 1955–56, and 1956–57, before being relegated into the Third Division at the end of the 1957–58 campaign. In November 1958, Graham signed with Torquay United. He played 20 Fourth Division games to help Eric Webber's "Gulls" to a 12th-place finish in 1958–59. He then left Plainmoor and returned to Northern Ireland as player-manager of Irish League side Ards, but left Ards at the end of the 1959–60 season.

International career.

On 7 March 1951, Graham made his debut for Peter Doherty's Northern Ireland in a 2–1 defeat at home to Wales and was a regular in the Northern Irish side until the end of 1955 when Willie Cunningham replaced him. Graham was a member of the 22-man 1958 Northern Ireland World Cup squad, but was one of five unlucky squad members who didn't travel to Sweden for the tournament (of 16 nations taking part, Northern Ireland was one of only three which did not take the full permitted complement of 22 players). He did however make one further appearance for Northern Ireland, on 4 October 1958, in a 3–3 draw at home to England, their first game after the World Cup Finals. Graham remains the most capped international player in Doncaster Rovers' history.

Coaching career.

Graham later worked as first-team coach at Stoke City, and became new manager Tony Waddington's assistant in 1960. From 1965 he coached at Port Vale under manager Stanley Matthews, before taking up the same position at Blackpool in 1967, under manager Stan Mortensen, before his retirement from football in 1975, after which he worked at British Aerospace.

Career statistics.

Club playing statistics.

Source:

William George Leonard Graham (17 October 1925 – 30 September 2007) was a Northern Ireland international footballer and football manager. A full-back, he made 303 league appearances in a nine-year career in the Football League with Doncaster Rovers lasting most of the 1950s. He also played for Linfield Swifts, Brantwood, and Torquay United, and briefly managed Ards. He won 14 caps for Northern Ireland in the 1950s.


History.

The steady arrival and settlement of Polish immigrants in the area, known as “Expatriate Poland” (), necessitated the foundation of a new parish which would become Saint John Cantius Church. In 1892, these immigrants petitioned the pastor of St. Stanislaus Kostka, the first Polish church in the Archdiocese, for a new church. Fr. Vincent Barzyński of the Congregation of the Resurrection, saw the validity of this request and immediately purchased several lots at Fry and Carpenter Streets for the sum of $75,000. Designed by Adolphus Druiding, St. John Cantius Church took five years to build. Druiding, drew the plan, and work commenced in the spring of 1893. The cornerstone was laid and blessed in July of that year as 50,000 people attended the ceremony. By December, only the crudely finished basement church was completed. The new parish community held its first Mass in the basement on Christmas Eve.  When the edifice was complete, Archbishop Patrick Feehan performed the Blessing and Dedication ceremonies on December 11, 1898. The parish flourished and reached its peak in 1918 with about 23,000 parishioners and 2,500 children in the school.  The parish retained its Polish character for years, but the building of the Kennedy Expressway which cut through the heart of Chicago's Polonia began a period of decline for the parish as many longtime residents were forced to relocate. The parish was slated for closure as Chicago's inner city neighborhoods declined further through the 1960s and 70s.  A revival of the parish began in the late 1980s by Fr. Frank Phillips, C.R., who became pastor. Fr. Phillips helped to spark a renewal and attract parishioners, as well as financial resources. With improved finances, Fr. Phillips could begin restoring the physical church to its original glory while preserving the many treasures the parish already had. In 1998, with the approval of Francis Cardinal George, O.M.I., Fr. Phillips founded a new religious community of men, the Canons Regular of St. John Cantius, which now staffs the parish.  A gradual gentrification of the surrounding neighborhood has further contributed to the renewal of the parish. The area that was once known as the “Polish Patch,” is now called “River West,” a developing upscale area with fashionable town homes and luxury lofts.  Today, St. John Cantius church has become the focus of a renaissance of Traditional Catholic rituals and devotions that had fallen out of favor after the Second Vatican Council, such as the Tridentine Mass in Latin as well as Vespers and Benediction, the Corpus Christi procession, the Stations of the Cross, Tenebrae services, and the St. Joseph and St. Anne Novenas. The parish has a rich program of sacred music supported by eight parish choirs and an orchestra.  St. John Cantius church has witnessed a number of famous visitors from Poland within its walls. In March 1989, the parish hosted a visit by Tadeusz Mazowiecki, Prime Minister of the newly-democratic Poland, while in 1998, Józef Glemp, the Cardinal Primate of Poland came to celebrate a Mass of Thanksgiving and bless the church's new copper cupola. In June 2017, Polish MP Malgorzata Gosiewska visited Saint John Cantius as well as a number of other Polish Churches during an official visit to Chicago.  Although the parish's school has closed, the building now houses the Chicago Academy for the Arts, often called the "Fame" school and compared with New York City's High School of Performing Arts.  In 2016, the church was voted "The Most Beautiful Church in America".

Architecture.

The Church building's design is by Adolphus Druiding. Work began on this grandiose structure in the spring of 1893 and was completed by 1898. The building has a façade of rusticated stone in the High Renaissance style which dictated the use of classical elements such as columns, capitals and arches. At the very top is a monumental pediment decorated with the coat of arms of Poland's failed January Uprising, under which is found the inscription "Boże Zbaw Polskę" (God Save Poland in Polish). Just below this on the entablature, is the Latin inscription "Ad maiorem Dei Gloriam", a text which proclaims that this building is for the Greater Glory of God, a Jesuit motto popular in many churches built around the start of the 20th century. Three Romanesque portals set in receding arches lead into the interior. Like St. Michael's, the entrance is flanked by two asymmetrical towers topped with copper cupolas, and in height, styled after St. Mary's Basilica in Kraków. The whole structure is long and wide and can easily accommodate 2,000 people. The interior is in the Baroque style. Eight stone columns support the vault. The present decoration is the result of several interior decorations within the first forty years of completion.  The church's main altar, as well as its matching two side altars reputedly originate from the 1893 Columbian Exposition. In 1903 the interior was painted for the first time, and it was at this time that all the plaster and wood ornament were added and the church received the character it has today. The stained glass windows were made by Gawin Co. of Milwaukee, while the interior murals were painted by Lesiewicz around 1920. In addition to religious scenes, such as the Resurrection under the main altar, the artist decorated the side walls with paintings of Polish patron saints.  A new inlaid hardwood floor was installed in St. John Cantius Church in 1997 in a design by Jed Gibbons. Sixteen varieties of wood from around the world were used for the inlaid medallions. The floor is not only a beautiful contemporary work of sacred art but it is also designed as a teaching tool. The medallions inlaid into the main aisle tell the story of salvation: Star of David—Jesus was born as a Jew; Three Crowns—with the arrival of the Three Kings Jesus was made manifest to the world; Instruments of the Passion—Christ's suffering for our Salvation; Banner—the Resurrection; Star—Christ is the Light of the World. This floor, which is reputedly the only of its kind in the United States, has already won three national awards. In 2003, work was completed on a replica of the renowned Veit Stoss Altar () of St. Mary's Basilica in Kraków. Carved by artist Michał Batkiewicz over an eight-year period, this imposing one-third scale copy is the largest and most detailed of work of its kind, and was commissioned as a tribute to the Galician immigrants who founded the parish in 1893. The altar was solemnly dedicated by Józef Glemp, the Cardinal Primate of Poland in August 2003.  A permanent exhibit of sacred art, located in the church's north tower is open on Sundays, as well as on special request. The collection's centerpiece is an elaborate Neapolitan "presepio" (Italian for creche) from Rome. Among St. John Cantius's many other treasures are a nineteenth-century copy of the icon of Our Lady of Częstochowa adorned with jeweled crowns personally blessed by Pope John Paul II; a reproduction of the famous miraculous crucifix from Limpus, Portugal, a nineteenth-century Pietà from Bavaria, Germany, a hand written altar missal on display, as well as several hundred authenticated relics of saints.

St. John Cantius in literature and film.

St. John Cantius was featured in two films that were both shot in the summer and fall of 1990. The first was a made-for-television movie, entitled "Johnny Ryan". The second was a major Hollywood film entitled, "Only the Lonely", directed by John Hughes and starring Maureen O'Hara and John Candy.  St. John Cantius also serves as the backdrop for Steffi Rostenkowski's great realization in Nelson Algren's work "Never Come Morning" where, night after night, she heard the iron rocking of the bells of Saint John Cantius. Each night they came nearer till the roar of The Loop was only a troubled whimper beneath the rocking of the bells. "Everyone lives in the same big room", she would tell herself, as they rocked. "But nobody's speakin' to anyone else, an' nobody got a key".

St. John Cantius in architecture books.

St. John Cantius is featured in a number of books on Chicago architecture, most notably "The AIA Guide to Chicago" by Alice Sinkevitch (Harvest Books 2004). St. John Cantius is found in a number of books on church architecture, among them "Heavenly City: The Architectural Tradition of Catholic Chicago" by Denis R. McNamara (Liturgy Training Publications 2005), "Chicago Churches and Synagogues: An Architectural Pilgrimage" by George A. Lane (Loyola Press 1982), "Chicago Churches: A Photographic Essay" by Elizabeth Johnson (Uppercase Books Inc, 1999), and "The Archdiocese of Chicago: A Journey of Faith" by Edward R. Kantowicz (Booklink 2007).

St. John Cantius Parish () is a historic church of the Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Chicago known for its solemn liturgies and rich program of sacred art and music.


Early life.

Sebastian was born in Oxford but grew up in Andalusia, Spain, with his three sisters (all actresses): Florence, Arabella, and Rafaela. His father, Clinton Pugh, is a restaurateur and designer. His mother Deborah is a dance teacher.

Career.

Sebastian first appeared on TV as a contestant on "Orange unsignedAct" in 2008. Sebastian performed as a singer-songwriter, performing his own songs as part of a competition to win a £60,000 recording contract, but did not make the final. Following the show, he left school for a record deal with A&M records (Universal) and spent years between London, Los Angeles and Nashville where he recorded his debut album with award-winning country producer Chris Lindsey.  In 2012, he landed his first acting role in the film, "After the Dark". He also appeared in "The Red Tent" as Re-mose, in "Barely Lethal" (alongside Hailee Steinfeld, Sophie Turner and Thomas Mann) as Cash Fenton. In the same movie, Sebastian contributed five original songs to the soundtrack.  In 2015, Sebastian was cast in the fifth season of "Game of Thrones" as Trystane Martell. "Game of Thrones" casting director Nina Gold later explained his casting in the series: "We knew Toby more because he'd done a lot of music things in the past, but he has a really romantic feel that just worked."  Sebastian portrayed Andrea Bocelli in the biopic "The Music of Silence", alongside Antonio Banderas and Jordi Molla directed by the Academy Award nominated director Michael Radford.  In 2017, Sebastian starred in the feature film "Trading Paint" (also released as "Burning Rubber") a sports film starring John Travolta, Michael Madsen and Shania Twain, directed by Karzan Kader.  In 2019, Sebastian released an EP titled Hamliar produced by Matthew Benbrook, a producer affiliated to artists such as Dido, Paolo Nutini and Ed Drewitt.

Sebastian Toby M. Pugh (born 26 February 1992), known as Toby Sebastian, is an English actor and musician. He is best known for portraying the character of Trystane Martell in the HBO series "Game of Thrones" and Andrea Bocelli in the biopic "The Music Of Silence".


Personal life.

Awudu Abass Abass father is originally from Ghana whilst his mother is from Nigeria (not Togo as erroneously reported by some sources), they met in Rome where they married before moving to Como where Awudu was born. He obtained Italian citizenship as soon as he could, at the age of 18, having to wait that long as he was born to foreign nationals.  Abass still lives in Como, in 2012, at only 19, he was a candidate for the municipal elections as second on the Amo la Mia Città list, however it obtained only one seat so he was not elected.

Professional career.

Abass joined local club Pallacanestro Cantù as a teenager, progressing quickly through the youth ranks to make his debut in 2011 aged only 18. He was too young to make an immediate impact, playing sparingly in his first three seasons, he did however grab minutes, and rebounds, in Europe's top-tier level EuroLeague, playing in two games, one against powerhouse Real Madrid.  The 2013–14 proved to be his breakthrough season, he earned regular minutes in the LBA and European second tier EuroCup, as a youth product he became a fan favourite and was awarded the captaincy the next season, becoming the youngest captain of Cantù's history.  On July 19, 2018, Abass signed a two-year deal with Basket Brescia Leonessa. After two important seasons with Brescia, during which he became one of the most prominent Italian players of the league, in June 2020, he signed with Virtus Bologna.

National team career.

Abass was called up soon after officially becoming Italian, joining the Under-20 side of the Italian national basketball team that won gold at the 2013 FIBA Europe Under-20 Championship, where he was part of the All Tournament Team. He represented the Italian National Basketball team at the 2019 FIBA Basketball World Cup in China, where he averaged 8 points, 3 rebounds and 0.3 assists.

Awudu Abass Abass (born January 27, 1993) is an Italian professional basketball player who last played for Virtus Bologna of the Italian Lega Basket Serie A (LBA) as a small forward.


Geography.

The surrounding hydrographic slopes of the Nipukatasi River are:  A small unnamed lake (length:, elevation: ) is the head of the Nipukatasi River. This lake is located northwest of Lake Caminscanane, southwest of Morain Lake and southeast of Lake Bétulaie.

Course downstream of the head lake.

From this head lake, the Nipukatasi River flows to the northeast more or less parallel to the west shore of Morain Lake. Then the river branches westward to flow into marsh areas, to the east bank of Lake Bétulaie (length:, altitude: ), which the current crosses on to the west. Then the Nipukatasi River flows for first for to the north, then to the southwest more or less parallel to the northwestern shore of Lake Bétulaie through marsh areas. except on the last. The river flows on the north shore of Amisquioumisca Lake as the current flows to the southwest.

Segment downstream from Amisquioumisca lake.

Amisquioumisca Lake (length: ; elevation: ) is the main body of water on the Nipukatasi River. Its mouth is located southwest of the lake. From the mouth of this lake, the Nipukatasi River first flows to the west. The river branches north to flow to a dump from the east. Then the river reorients itself for to the southwest. Next, the river branches north for to the south shore of Lake Rocher (elevation ), which flows (full length) to the northeast. In its last segment, the river flows to the northeast crossing a lake (length:, altitude: ). The Nipukatasi River flows on the south shore of the Broadback River upstream of Quenonisca Lake.

Toponymy.

The toponym Nipukatasi River was formalized on December 5, 1968, at the Commission de toponymie du Québec.

The Nipukatasi River is a tributary of the Broadback River flowing west to Rupert Bay, south of James Bay. The Nipukatasi River flows in the municipality of Eeyou Istchee Baie-James (municipality), in the administrative region of Nord-du-Québec, in Quebec, in Canada.


Stories.

"Percy Jackson and the Stolen Chariot".

Percy Jackson saves Clarisse La Rue from feather-throwing birds in his school. After the fight, Clarisse admits that, as part of a ritual for the children of Ares, she must bring the Ares war chariot back to his temple on the Intrepid. But there is one problem: her immortal brothers, Phobos (representing fear) and Deimos (representing terror), who are the usual drivers and guardians of the chariot, became jealous and stole it from Clarisse. She knows she will be in trouble if she doesn't get it back by sundown. Percy offers his help, and Clarisse finally accepts it. They meet the two gods at a zoo. They fight them, who turn out to be extremely weak in battle (unlike the nature of Ares) once they discover how to counter the terror or fear, and are easily defeated. They bring the chariot to Ares' Temple on the Intrepid, an aircraft carrier that has since now become a museum. It takes place in between The Battle of the Labyrinth and The Last Olympian.

"Percy Jackson and the Bronze Dragon".

Percy Jackson and Charles Beckendorf are on the same team for capture the flag. Beckendorf, a son of Hephaestus, has a somewhat awkward conversation about girls, and thinks Percy should ask Annabeth, daughter of Athena, to the Fourth of July fireworks, the biggest dating event of the summer at Camp Half-Blood, that night. Later, when Percy's capture the flag plan is established, he and Beckendorf try to sneak up to the enemies flag. Instead, they find the Ant Hill, where the dreaded Myrmekes (giant, blood-red ants) are carrying a bronze dragon head. Beckendorf, who believes this is a blessing from his father Hephaestus, runs up to them but gets captured. Meanwhile, Silena Beauregard (daughter of Aphrodite) and Annabeth surprise Percy. They laugh at the indiscretion of boys, without understanding the gravity of the situation. When Percy explains what happened to Beckendorf, Annabeth makes a plan to save Beckendorf: they must find the body of the bronze dragon head, to remake the huge bronze dragon that disappeared fifteen years ago from Camp Half-Blood. They manage to save Beckendorf just in time, while the dragon leads an assault on Ant Hill. But at the end, the dragon is badly wounded. Silena doesn't want it to die, insisting on the fact that it saved Beckendorf. They run away from the dragon, who now pursues them after an order of Beckendorf, and manage to paralyze it, so it becomes a giant statue. Suddenly, some Athena children find the group and take Percy and Beckendorf as their prisoners and congratulate Annabeth and Silena for trapping them. Percy is outraged and accuses Annabeth of having plotted everything, Annabeth defends herself by saying the whole dragon and Ant Hill thing was a coincidence. Before going off to finish the game, she tells Percy to come see her during the fireworks. The boys are forced to stay in prison while the girls go finish the game.

"Percy Jackson and the Sword of Hades".

Rick Riordan wrote this short story for World Book Day 2009. It takes place between "The Battle of the Labyrinth" and "The Last Olympian". It seems to be part of the canon as a whole, as it was referenced in "The House of Hades" and "The Lost Hero".  Persephone calls Percy, Thalia and Nico, the children of the Big Three, into the Underworld to retrieve Hades' new sword from a demigod spy who stole it. The problem is that Hades' keys, which let anyone out or into the Underworld, are in it. Persephone gives them a flower to track the thief. When all of the petals fall off, the sword thief has made it out of the Underworld. Percy, Nico and Thalia must retrieve the sword before time runs out.  They catch up with the thief, Ethan Nakamura, just as the last petal falls off the flower because Ethan has revived the Titan Iapetus. At the culmination of their fight, Percy flings Iapetus into the river Lethe, a river that erases memories. Only Percy's powers as the son of Poseidon can keep him dry. Percy tells the now mind-wiped Iapetus that his name is Bob and that they are friends. When the three heroes and "Bob" return to Hades and Persephone with the sword, Hades is very unhappy about the sword and leaves in anger, threatening Persephone never to disobey him again. By this, they know that Persephone commissioned the sword against Hades' orders. (However, Percy saw a look of "hunger" in Hades' eyes while he stared at the sword.)

Camper Interviews.

The book contains fictional interviews with multiple characters at Camp Half-Blood. Those include the Stoll Brothers, Annabeth Chase, Percy Jackson, Grover Underwood, and Clarisse La Rue.

Critical reception.

The book received mixed reviews. "Publishers Weekly" criticized it saying, "Bland illustrations depicting the contents of Annabeth's trunk, a map of Camp Half-Blood and a short'sneak peek' at the book "The Last Olympian" pad the contents (barely) to book length; the inclusion of a crossword puzzle and a word search makes the book difficult to share. Not a must-read-but try telling that to rabid fans." "School Library Journal" reviewer Tim Wadham commended the writing, saying, "Despite the fact that this is more of a marketing package than anything else, the quality of and interest in the three stories likely justifies its purchase."

The Demigod Files is a collection of stories by Rick Riordan published on February 10, 2009. It is a companion book to series "Percy Jackson & the Olympians". It contains three short stories, titled "Percy Jackson and the Stolen Chariot", "Percy Jackson and the Bronze Dragon", and "Percy Jackson and the Sword of Hades", as well as a preview of "The Last Olympian". It is set between the fourth and fifth novels, "The Battle of the Labyrinth" and "The Last Olympian".