History.

The Constituent Assembly of India was elected to write the Constitution of India. Following India's independence from Britain in 1947, its members served as the nation's first Parliament.

Sansad Bhavan.

The "Sansad Bhavan" (Parliament House) is located in New Delhi. It was designed by Edwin Lutyens and Herbert Baker, who were responsible for planning and construction of New Delhi by British government. The construction of building took six years and the opening ceremony was performed on 18 January 1927 by the then Viceroy and Governor-General of India, Lord Irwin. The construction costs for the building were. The parliament is in diameter and covers an area of. The Central Hall consists of the chambers of Lok Sabha, Rajya Sabha, and the Library hall. Surrounding these three chambers is the four-storeyed circular structure providing accommodations for members and houses Parliamentary committees, offices and the Ministry of Parliamentary Affairs.

General layout of the Parliament.

The centre and the focus of the building is the Central Hall. It consists of chambers of the Lok Sabha, the Rajya Sabha, and the Library Hall and between them lie garden courts. Surrounding these three chambers is the four-storeyed circular structure providing accommodations for ministers, chairmen, parliamentary committees, party offices, important offices of Lok Sabha and Rajya Sabha Secretariat, and also the offices of the Ministry of Parliamentary Affairs. The Central Hall is circular in shape and the dome is in diameter. It is a place of historical importance. The Indian Constitution was framed in the Central Hall. The Central Hall was originally used in the library of the erstwhile Central Legislative Assembly and the Council of States. In 1946, it was converted and refurbished into Constituent Assembly Hall. At present, the Central Hall is used for holding joint sittings of both the houses of parliament and also used for address by the President in the commencement of first session after each general election.

Proposal for a new building.

A new Parliament building may replace the existing complex. The new building is being considered on account of the stability concerns regarding the current complex. A committee to suggest alternatives to the current building has been set up by the Former Speaker, Meira Kumar. The present building, an 85-year-old structure suffers from inadequacy of space to house members and their staff and is thought to suffer from structural issues. The building also needs to be protected because of its heritage tag.

Composition.

The Indian Parliament consists of two houses called the Lok Sabha and the Rajya Sabha with the President of India acting as their head.

President of India.

The President of India, the head of state, is a component of Parliament. Under and, the President's responsibility is to ensure that laws passed by the Parliament are in accordance with the constitutional mandate and that the stipulated procedure is followed before according his/her approval to the bills. The President of India is elected by the elected members of Parliament of India and the state legislatures and serves for a term of 5 years.

Lok Sabha.

Lok Sabha (House of the People) or the lower house has 543 members. 543 members are directly elected by citizens of India on the basis of universal adult franchise representing Parliamentary constituencies across the country. Between 1952 and 2020, 2 additional members of the Anglo-Indian community were also nominated by the President of India on the advice of Government of India, which was abolished in January 2020 by the 104th Constitutional Amendment Act, 2019. Every citizen of India who is over 18 years of age, irrespective of gender, caste, religion, or race and is otherwise not disqualified, is eligible to vote for the Lok Sabha. The Constitution provides that the maximum strength of the House be 552 members. It has a term of five years. To be eligible for membership in the Lok Sabha, a person must be a citizen of India and must be 25 years of age or older, mentally sound, should not be bankrupt, and should not be criminally convicted. The total elective membership is distributed among the states in such a way that the ratio between the number of seats allotted to each state and the population of the state is, so far as practicable, the same for all states.

Rajya Sabha.

Rajya Sabha (Council of States) or the upper house is a permanent body not subject to dissolution. One third of the members retire every second year, and are replaced by newly elected members. Each member is elected for a term of six years. Its members are indirectly elected by members of legislative bodies of the states. The Rajya Sabha can have a maximum of 250 members. It currently has a sanctioned strength of 245 members, of which 233 are elected from States and Union Territories and 12 are nominated by the President. The number of members from a state depends on its population. The minimum age for a person to become a member of Rajya Sabha is 30 years.

Session of Parliament.

The period during which the House meets to conduct its business is called a session. The Constitution empowers the President to summon each House at such intervals that there should not be more than a six-month gap between the two sessions. Hence the Parliament must meet at least twice a year. In India, the Parliament conducts three sessions each year:

Lawmaking procedures.

Legislative proposals are brought before either house of the Parliament in the form of a bill. A bill is the draft of a legislative proposal, which, when passed by both houses of Parliament and assented to by the President, becomes an Act of Parliament. Money bills must originate in the Lok Sabha. The Council of States can only make recommendations over the bills to the House, within a period of fourteen days.

Parliamentary committees.

Parliamentary committees are formed to deliberate specific matters at length. The public is directly or indirectly associated and studies are conducted to help committees arrive at the conclusions. Parliamentary committees are of two kinds: Ad hoc committees and the Standing committees.  Standing committees are permanent committees constituted from time to time in pursuance of the provisions of an act of Parliament or rules of procedure and conduct of business in Parliament. The work of these committees is of a continuing nature. Ad hoc committees are appointed for a specific purpose and they cease to exist when they finish the task assigned to them and submits a report.

Incidents.

On 13 December 2001, Indian Parliament was attacked by an Islamic terrorist group. The perpetrators were Lashkar-e-Taiba (Let) and Jaish-e-Mohammed (JeM) terrorists. The attack led to the deaths of five terrorists, six Delhi Police personnel, two Parliament Security Services personnel, and a gardener, which totalled 14 fatalities. The incident led to increased tensions between India and Pakistan, resulting in the India–Pakistan standoff.

Joint Sessions and debates.

On 16 November 2016, during the winter session of Indian Parliament, the sittings in both Upper and Lower Houses of Parliament observed strong opposition and uproar by political parties on demonetisation (note ban) initiative by the Narendra Modi Government.

The Parliament of India (IAST: "Bhāratīya Sansad") is the supreme legislative body of the Republic of India. It is a bicameral legislature composed of the President of India and the two houses: the Rajya Sabha (Council of States) and the Lok Sabha (House of the People). The President in his role as head of legislature has full powers to summon and prorogue either house of Parliament or to dissolve Lok Sabha. The president can exercise these powers only upon the advice of the Prime Minister and his Union Council of Ministers.

Parlament Indie ( – "Bháratíja samsad") je zákonodárný orgán Indické republiky. Jedná se o dvoukomorový parlament, který sestává ze Sněmovny států ("Rádžja sabha"), horní komory zastupující indické státy a teritoria, do které je voleno nepřímo, a Sněmovny lidu ("Lók sabha"), do které probíhají přímé volby. Indický parlament vznikl 26. ledna 1950 v souladu s indickou ústavou, kterou schválilo Indické ústavodárné shromáždění 26. listopadu 1949. První volby do dolní komory proběhly na přelomu let 1951 a 1952. Budova parlamentu se nachází v Novém Dillí, byla vystavena v letech 1921–1927 podle návrhu Edwina Lutyense a Herberta Bakera a původně sloužila Knížecí komoře (tj. zástupcům knížecích států) a tehdejšímu Ústřednímu zákonodárnému shromáždění.


Early life.

Sykes was born on 20 November 1986, in Ashford, Kent, England. As an infant, he moved to Australia with his parents, Ian and Carol Sykes, moving between Adelaide and Perth during a period of about six years. The family returned to the United Kingdom when Sykes was about eight, settling in Stocksbridge in Sheffield, South Yorkshire. As a teenager, he attended Stocksbridge High School then Barnsley College.

Career.

Music career: Womb 2 Da Tomb, Purple Curto and Olisaurus pseudonym (2000–2004).

In late 2000, while still in school, he began crafting compilation CDs and short tracks under the name Quakebeat. He also played in the mock hip-hop band "Womb 2 Da Tomb" with his brother Tom Sykes and fellow Bring Me the Horizon member Matt Nicholls, and in metal band "Purple Curto" with Neil Whiteley, as the drummer/vocalist under the pseudonym "Olisaurus", which he would later use when releasing solo material.

Bring Me the Horizon (2004–present).

In 2004, Sykes formed Bring Me the Horizon. The band released their debut album "Count Your Blessings" in 2006, their second album "Suicide Season" was released on 29 September 2008, their third studio album "There Is a Hell Believe Me I've Seen It. There Is a Heaven Let's Keep It a Secret." on 4 October 2010, they released their fourth studio album "Sempiternal" on 1 April 2013 which features the new member Jordan Fish and Sykes playing rhythm guitar for the album and they released their fifth studio album "That's the Spirit" on 11 September 2015, their sixth album "Amo" was released on 25 January 2019.

Collaborations and other musical projects.

Sykes has been featured in songs for the bands You Me at Six's "Bite My Tongue", Architects' "Even If You Win, You're Still a Rat", Admiral's Arms' "Dawn of the New Age" and Deez Nuts' "If You Don't Know, You Know Now". He is also featured on a music video of American rock band A Day to Remember's "All I Want".  In 2017, Sykes featured as guest vocalist in the song "Silence Speaks" with English metalcore band While She Sleeps.  Sykes was briefly featured in the music video for Charli XCX's song "Boys" along with other artists such as Brendon Urie, Denzel Curry, Charlie Puth and Stormzy.  Sykes has also collaborated with DJ Skrillex as the backing vocals of a Bring Me the Horizon song "Visions" off the Bring Me the Horizon album "There Is a Hell Believe Me I've Seen It. There Is a Heaven Let's Keep It a Secret.". Skrillex has also remixed a Bring Me the Horizon song "The Sadness Will Never End" off "Suicide Season" which the remix was featured on the "Cut Up!" version of the album.  On 27 October 2017, Sykes performed with Linkin Park – who he claims were his first ever concert as a teenager – at. He performed the song "Crawling" with DJ and record producer Zedd on percussion.

Clothing line.

In addition to his vocal and songwriting contributions in Bring Me the Horizon, Sykes is also the founder and owner of the alternative clothing line Drop Dead Clothing (stylized as DROP DEAD).

Writing.

On 1 February 2013, Sykes launched a Kickstarter project to fund a graphic novel created by him and Drop Dead Clothing artist Ben Ashton-Bell, entitled "Raised by Raptors". With a £15,000 goal, the project exceeded its target within weeks of launching, attaining a final total of £39,223.

Influences and legacy.

Influences.

Sykes has cited Pantera, Black Flag, Misfits, Linkin Park, Simple Plan, Every Time I Die, Skycamefalling, Poison the Well, Norma Jean and The Dillinger Escape Plan. While at the Download Festival 2014, Sykes revealed to Linkin Park that he attended some of their early shows, after watching them perform, he was inspired to write music and formed a band. Sam Carter, the lead singer of Architects, has also cited Sykes as his biggest influence.

Musical style.

Bring Me the Horizon's debut album has been described as deathcore, while their other albums have been described as metalcore. Their latest album, "Amo" has been described as various types of rock including pop rock, electronic rock, electropop, synth-pop, EDM, alternative rock, electronica, and hard rock. Bring Me the Horizon has been described as metalcore, alternative metal, alternative rock, pop rock, electronic rock, hard rock, heavy metal, post-hardcore, pop, nu metal, electropop, arena rock, melodic metalcore, electronicore, screamo, and emo.

Vocals and lyrics.

Sykes' lyrics have a strong feeling of catharsis for him. He mainly draws from personal experience and has likened the band's live performances to being therapeutic. In 2006, when asked about the lyrics of "Count Your Blessings", as they had been criticised for their content fixated on heartbreak or other themes that were called "shallow and meaningless", he responded "My life's never been that bad so I've not got that much to talk about".

Legacy.

The main character of the French feature film "A Taste of Ink" is an admirer of Oliver Sykes and Bring Me the Horizon. He is a post-hardcore singer and wears as a tribute to Oliver Sykes a Michael Jordan black jersey. The French title "" is inspired by the first album of the band "Count Your Blessings". The movie was released in France in 2017 with Kévin Azaïs, Monia Chokri and Nathan Willcocks as main actors.

Personal life.

Since the age of 12, Sykes has suffered from a form of night terrors known as sleep paralysis, which is the inability to move or speak while falling asleep, or upon waking.  Sykes became a vegetarian in 2003 at age 16 after watching a documentary about animal cruelty online, "When I saw how animals are tortured on factory farms, I couldn't justify being a part of that cruelty." He went on to become one of the faces for PETA, eventually designing charity T-shirts with the slogan "Meat Sucks" via his Drop Dead Clothing line. He later became a vegan in 2013. His passion for veganism can be seen in his 2018 venture 'Church', an arcade bar with a fully vegan menu based in Sheffield's Kelham Island.  Sykes is an outspoken atheist, stating "I don't believe in God. I was asked to believe in him when I was in a shitty place. I couldn't understand why I needed a god or, in my opinion, something that doesn't exist." In an interview with Radio.com in 2013, he also stated "In my opinion, I don't think believing in God is a victimless crime. It's not that I'm right and everyone else is wrong. If it was just people believing in God had no effect on the world, then it wouldn't matter. Then you can believe in what you want, if you want an imaginary friend that lives in the clouds that's fine. But it's the fact that it does have an effect on other people and other things and the whole world is in turmoil mainly because of religion, at least a massive part of it."  After receiving the Album of the Year award at the first Alternative Press Music Awards in 2014, Sykes revealed a history of addiction and abuse of the drug Ketamine. Addressing the crowd, he said "My band wanted to kill me, my parents wanted to kill me, my fucking brother wanted to kill me," and also admitted, "I went to rehab for a month, and you guys were sending me texts and e-mails. When I got out of that rehab, I didn't want to scream anymore, I wanted to sing from the fucking rooftops."  On 12 July 2015 in Tuscany, Italy, Sykes married model and tattoo artist Hannah Pixie Snowdon. In 2016, Sykes announced that he and Snowdon had separated. In May 2019, Sykes alleged that their relationship ended due to Snowdon's infidelity, and referred to her as his "ex-wife". The band's 2019 single, "Medicine" was written about the pair's relationship.  On 22 July 2017, Sykes married Brazilian model Alissa Salls.

Controversies.

Urination and assault allegation.

In 2007, a female fan accused Sykes of urinating on her and accused him and his bandmates of assaulting her. Oliver Sykes was put on trial and did not plead guilty to the alleged crime. The fan took a photo of her face, which was a photo of possible blood was all over her face. An employee of venue Rock City in Nottingham, England said "After the gig, two girls tried to get on the tour bus. Later on, the singer, Oliver Sykes, tried it on with one of the girls. When she said no, he called her a dyke and first pissed on her before him and the rest of the band threw her and her friend off the bus. Once off the bus someone within the band threw an empty bottle of Jagermeister at the girl's head". Sykes strongly denied the allegations. According to record label Visible Noise Records, "numerous versions of the alleged incident have been posted online". Charges against Sykes were dropped due to a lack of evidence.

Videos with Architects.

During a tour in 2008, Bring Me the Horizon and the British metalcore band Architects filmed two videos. The first showed a fight between Sykes and Architects' lead singer Sam Carter, while the second showed an ambulance with Sykes supposedly inside. The videos were uploaded to YouTube, leading to outrage from many Bring Me the Horizon fans which resulted in hate mail and death threats being sent to Carter. However, it was later revealed that the videos were a stunt staged by both bands, and that they are in fact good friends. Sykes said, "All-day events can get boring very fast so we conjured up the first idiotic thing we could think of and made it as unbelievable as possible."

Moshing incident.

In June 2013, Sykes and Bring Me the Horizon were sued by the parents of a 12-year-old girl due to injuries received in the mosh pit while watching the band's performance during the Warped Tour 2013. This led to Sykes announcing via Twitter that legally he was no longer able to start any form of moshing activities during his concerts. However, Sykes later stated that the suit had been dropped and that moshing was not going to be banned.

Oliver Scott "Oli" Sykes (born 20 November 1986) is an English musician, singer, songwriter, entrepreneur, clothing designer, and record producer, best known as the lead vocalist of the rock band Bring Me the Horizon. He also founded the apparel company Drop Dead Clothing. Sykes has also created the graphic novel "Raised by Raptors" with Drop Dead Clothing artist Ben Ashton-Bell.

Oliver "Oli" Scott Sykes (* 20. listopadu 1986 Ashford) je britský hudebník, zpěvák, skladatel, podnikatel a návrhář oblečení, nejznámější ovšem jako hlavní zpěvák rockové kapely Bring Me the Horizon. Založil také společnost Drop Dead Clothing a vytvořil grafický román Raised by Raptors s Benem Ashton-Bellem.


Early life and career.

He was born and grew up in the small northern Wisconsin city of Ashland, and became interested in photography at age eleven. In World War II Szarkowski served in the U.S. Army, after which he graduated in 1947 in art history from the University of Wisconsin–Madison. He then began his career as a museum photographer at the Walker Art Center, Minneapolis.  At this time he was also a practicing art photographer; he had his first solo show at the Walker Art Center in 1949, the first of a number of solo exhibitions. In 1954 Szarkowski received the first of two Guggenheim Fellowships, resulting in the book "The Idea of Louis Sullivan" (1956). Between 1958 and 1962, he returned to rural Wisconsin. There, he undertook a second Guggenheim fellowship in 1961, researching into ideas about wilderness and the relationship between people and the land.

Museum of Modern Art.

New York's Museum of Modern Art appointed Szarkowski director of its department of photography, beginning July 1, 1962. Edward Steichen chose Szarkowski as his successor. In 1963 the Guggenheim Foundation selected Szarkowski as its sole, secret referee for photography. In 1973 Szarkowski began service to the National Endowment for the Arts as one of its three photography panelists.  In 1973 Szarkowski published "Looking at Photographs" a practical set of examples on how to write about photographs. The book is still required reading for students of photography, and argues for the importance of looking carefully and bringing to bear every bit of intelligence and understanding possessed by the viewer. Szarkowski has also published numerous books on individual photographers, including, with Maria Morris Hamburg, the definitive four-volume work on the photography of Atget.  He wrote "Mirrors and Windows: American Photography Since 1960" (1978) identifying a dichotomy between strategies of pictorial expression in American photography; "It seems to this viewer that the difference between [Minor] White and [Robert] Frank relates to the difference between the goal of self-expression and the goal of exploration." Though not all photographers in the book are American (Frank was Swiss, for example), the pictures were taken and/or exhibited there. The publication is divided almost equally into Parts I (pps. 29–86) and II (pps. 87–148). His 'Mirror' analogy represents self-reflective photography, represented in the book by Jerry N. Uelsmann, Paul Caponigro, Joseph Bellanca, Gianni Penati, Ralph Gibson, Duane Michals, Judy Dater and others; while the idea of the 'Window' is found in the documentary approach, exemplified by inclusions of work by Diane Arbus, Lee Friedlander, Henry Wessel, Joel Meyerowitz, and Garry Winogrand.  He taught at Harvard, Yale, and New York University, and continued to lecture and teach. From 1983 to 1989, he was an Andrew Dickson White Professor-at-Large at Cornell University. In 1990, "U.S. News & World Report" said: "Szarkowski's thinking, whether Americans know it or not, has become our thinking about photography".  In 1991 Szarkowski retired from his post at the MoMA, during which he had developed a reputation for being somewhat autocratic, and became the museum's photography director emeritus. He was succeeded by Peter Galassi, the Joel and Anne Ehrenkranz chief curator of the department of photography at The Museum of Modern Art.

Retirement.

In retirement, Szarkowski served on the boards of several of the mutual funds sold by Dreyfus Corporation. Szarkowski returned to making his own photographic work, mostly attempting to picture a spirit of place in the American landscape. In 2005 he had several major solo exhibitions across the USA. The first retrospective of his work was exhibited at MoMA in early 2006.  Szarkowski died from complications of a stroke on July 7, 2007 in Pittsfield, Massachusetts, aged 81.

Thaddeus John Szarkowski (December 18, 1925 – July 7, 2007) was a photographer, curator, historian, and critic. From 1962 to 1991 Szarkowski was the director of photography at New York's Museum of Modern Art (MoMA).

Thaddeus John Szarkowski (18. prosince 1925 – 7. července 2007) byl americký fotograf, kurátor, historik a kritik. V letech 1962 až 1991 byl ředitelem fotografického oddělení v Muzeu moderního umění v New Yorku (MoMA).


Aircraft.

The aircraft involved in the incident was a Lockheed L-188C Electra, powered by 4 turboprop engines, with manufacturer's serial number 2007 and registration N1968R. It had been delivered to Qantas in 1959. In 1968, after service with other airlines, including Air New Zealand and the California Airmotive Corporation, the aircraft was sold to Reeve Aleutian. It had flown approximately 33,000 hours in service at the time the accident happened.

Flight.

Just after takeoff from Cold Bay Airport, on the Alaska Peninsula for a flight across the northern Pacific Ocean to Seattle, Washington, with 10 passengers, the crew noted an unusual vibration in the aircraft, but were unable to isolate the source. As the aircraft climbed from FL190 (approximately ) to FL250 (approximately ), the Flight Engineer left the cockpit to visually check the engines from the passenger cabin, but saw nothing amiss. The Flight Attendant went into the cockpit to discuss the vibration, which suddenly increased in intensity as she went back into the cabin. She looked out the window just in time to see the propeller on the No. 4 engine (the outboard engine on the right wing) detach itself and fly spinning under the fuselage. The propeller tore a gash long in the aircraft's belly, depressurizing the cabin and jamming the flight and engine controls. The pilots managed to gain some control of the aircraft by using the autopilot and diverted the aircraft to Anchorage. With the engine throttle controls jammed at cruise power, on approach to land the crew was able to make the aircraft descend and climb after shutting down No. 2 (the left inboard) engine in combination with lowering and raising the landing gear.  The Electra landed safely at Anchorage International Airport, even with the loss of almost all flight controls. The crew had to shut down all engines once the aircraft was on the ground in order to help bring it to a stop; one tire blew out and the brakes caught fire. Nobody was hurt when the propeller hit the fuselage or during the emergency landing. The captain, 54-year-old James (Jim) Gibson, with 5,700 hours' experience flying Electras, was honored for the successful landing by a meeting with President Ronald Reagan in the White House. The Air Line Pilots Association also honored Captain Gibson, 39-year-old First Officer Gary Lintner and 45-year-old Flight Engineer Gerald "Moose" Laurin later in 1983 with its Superior Airmanship Award.  As the propeller fell into the Pacific Ocean and was never recovered for examination, the reason for its separation is unknown.

Aftermath.

Following the accident, the aircraft was repaired and returned to service. N1968R was de-registered in 2001 and was exported to Canada as C-GHZI, where it was used as a firefighting craft. The airline managed to continue flight operations after the accident but then began to succumb to financial issues in the early 1990s. Reeve Aleutian Airways eventually ceased operations on December 5, 2000.

Dramatization.

The events of Flight 8 were featured in season 12 of the TV series "Mayday", in an episode named "Fight for Control". The episode includes interviews from the flight crew and witnesses, a dramatic reenactment of the flight, and actual footage of the flight's emergency landing.

Reeve Aleutian Airways Flight 8 was an American domestic flight from Cold Bay, Alaska to Seattle, Washington on June 8, 1983. Shortly after taking off, the Lockheed L-188 Electra of Reeve Aleutian Airways was travelling over the Pacific Ocean when one of the propellers broke away from its engine and struck the fuselage, damaging the flight controls. The pilots were able to make a successful emergency landing at Anchorage International Airport; none of the fifteen passengers and crew on board were injured in the incident.

Torbernit je minerál krystalizující v tetragonální soustavě, chemicky hydratovaný fosforečnan mědi a uranylu – Cu(UO)(PO)·8−12HO. Minerál je pojmenovaný na počest švédského mineraloga Torberna Bergmana.


Description.

The yellow-faced myna grows to a length of between and is one of the largest species of starling. The head has short black feathers glossed bluish-purple on the forehead and at the base of the upper mandible, but most of the head is bare yellowish-orange skin. This forms a wide patch around and behind the eye and includes a bib on the chin and the sides of the throat. The neck, central throat and mantle are black glossed with purple while the back, wings, breast and belly are black glossed with green. The rump is white, the lower belly is golden-yellow and the undertail-coverts are white. The short, squarish tail is black. The iris is usually yellow, but in some parts of New Guinea may be brown. The bill and legs are yellow.

Distribution and habitat.

This myna is endemic to New Guinea. As well as being present on the mainland, its range extends to many of the smaller offshore islands. It is common over much of its range at altitudes of up to about and even higher in parts of Papua New Guinea. It is not present on the southeastern coast of the mainland however. Its typical habitats include rainforests, forest fringes, partially cut areas, secondary growth and gallery forests, and it is sometimes present in savannah areas.

Ecology.

"M. dumontii" is sometimes seen in small groups but is more often found in pairs. It occasionally forms larger flocks, and communal roosts in tall trees have been described, containing over two hundred birds. It is a noisy bird, emitting a variety of "nasal, growling, and croaking calls with a sometimes human-like conversational quality". It often perches in an elevated position, calling loudly. It has a quick wing-beat and a direct flight, and pairs of birds are often seen flying together; it is possible that this species is monogamous and pairs for life.  This bird is usually found high in the canopy feeding mainly on berries and fruit, although it also feeds on small invertebrates, and it has been observed catching insects in flight. It breeds in holes and crevices in trees well above the ground. The nests are formed of twigs and one or two pale blue eggs speckled with grey and rust are laid. Three birds have been observed carrying nesting material into a single hole, so it is possible that there is some degree of cooperation from the extended family.

The yellow-faced myna ("Mino dumontii") is a species of starling in the family Sturnidae. It is found in New Guinea and nearby smaller islands, where its natural habitat is subtropical or tropical moist lowland forests. The long-tailed myna was formerly included as a subspecies. One of the largest species of starling, this species attains in length and weighs around. They have dark plumage with a metallic lustre and bright orange facial markings and beak. These birds are social and omnivorous. Their diet consists of fruit and insects for which they forage high in the canopy. They are common birds with a wide range, and the International Union for Conservation of Nature has assessed their conservation status as being of "least concern".

Kelly Ann McGillis (narozena 9. července 1957) je americká herečka známá pro filmové role jako např. Rachel Lappová ve filmu "Svědek" (1985) s Harrisonem Fordem, za který získala Zlatý Globus a nominaci BAFTA, dále pak role Charlie ve filmu "Top Gun" (1986) s Tomem Cruisem, a také jako Kathryn Murphy ve filmu "Znásilnění" (1988) s Jodie Foster.


History.

Pre-historic.

The Badami region was settled in pre-historic times, with evidence by megalithic dolmens.  The Puranas state the wicked asura Vatapi was killed by sage Agastya, and it refers to this area as "Vatapi" and "Agastya Tirtha". In the "Ramayana", Agastya and Lopamudra are described as living in Dandaka forest, on the southern slopes of Vindhya mountains. Rama praises Agastya as the one who can do what gods find impossible. He is described as the sage who used his Dharma powers to kill demons Vatapi and Ilwala after they had jointly misled and destroyed 9,000 men.

Historic.

In the Mahabharata, sage Agastya is described in the epic as a sage with enormous powers of ingestion and digestion. To kill men, asura Vatapi used to become a goat and his brother Ilvala would cook him. Then, Vatapi would recollect in the stomach and tear himself out from the inside of the victim, killing the victim. When Agastya arrives, Ilvala offers the goat again. He kills Vatapi by digesting the meal as soon as he ate, giving Vatapi no time to self organize. Agastya, in the legends of Mahabharata, kills the demons Vatapi and Ilvala much the same mythical way as in the "Ramayana".  Badami Chalukyas was founded in AD 540 by Pulakeshin I (AD 535–566), an early ruler of the Chalukyas is generally regarded as the founder of the Early Chalukya line. An inscription record of this king engraved on a boulder in Badami records the fortification of the hill above "Vatapi" in 544. Pulakeshin's choice of this location for his capital was no doubt dedicated by strategic considerations since Badami is protected on three sides by rugged sandstone cliffs. His sons Kirtivarman I (AD 567–598) and his brother Mangalesha (AD 598–610) constructed the cave temples. Kirtivarman I strengthened Vatapi and had three sons Pulakeshin II, Vishnuvardhana and Buddhavarasa, who at his death were minors, thus making them ineligible to rule, so Kirtivarman I's brother Mangalesha took the throne and tried to establish rule, only to be killed by Pulakeshin II who ruled between AD 610 to 642. Vatapi was the capital of the Early Chalukyas, who ruled much of Karnataka, Maharashtra, parts of Tamil Nadu and Andhra Pradesh between the 6th and 8th centuries. The greatest among them was Pulakeshin II (AD 610–642) who defeated many kings including the Pallavas of Kanchipuram. The rock-cut Badami Cave Temples were sculpted mostly between the 6th and 8th centuries.

Inscriptions.

Badami has eighteen inscriptions, among them some inscriptions are important. The first Sanskrit inscription in old Kannada script, on a hillock dates back to 543 CE, from the period of Pulakeshin I (Vallabheswara), the second is the 578 CE cave inscription of Mangalesha in Kannada language and script and the third is the Kappe Arabhatta records, the earliest available Kannada poetry in "tripadi" (three line) metre. one inscription near the Bhuthanatha temple also has inscriptions dating back to the 12th century in Jain rock-cut temple dedicated to the Tirtankara Adinatha.

Administration.

Government.

It is a town in the Bagalkot District in Karnataka state, India. It is also headquarters of Badami Taluk in the district.

Taluka.

The Badami Taluka has thirty-four panchayat villages:

Geography.

Badami is located at. It has an average elevation of 586 metres (1922 ft). It is located at the mouth of a ravine between two rocky hills and surrounds Agastya tirtha water reservoir on the three other sides. The total area of the town is 10.3 square kilometers.  It is located 30 kilometers from Bagalkot, 128 kilometers from Bijapur, 132 kilometers from Hubli, 46 kilometers from Aihole, another ancient town, and 589 kilometers from Bangalore, the state capital.

Climate.

The temperature ranges from minimum 23 degrees to 45 degrees during summer and from 15 to 29 degrees in winter. The rainfall of the area is 50 centimeters. Best time to visit is between low humid season from November and March.  The climate has made it a safe haven for the monkeys of south India. Tourists often flock to Badami for the opportunity to see monkeys interact in a natural environment.

Demographics.

As of 2011 Indian Census, Badami had a total population of 30,943, of which 15,539 were males and 15,404 were females. Population within the age group of 0 to 6 years was 3,877. The total number of literates in Badami was 22,093, which constituted 71.4% of the population with male literacy of 78.1% and female literacy of 64.7%. The effective literacy rate of 7+ population of Badami was 81.6%, of which male literacy rate was 89.7% and female literacy rate was 73.6%. The Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes population was 4,562 and 1,833 respectively. Badami had 6214 households in 2011. , Badami had a population of 25,851. Males constituted 51% of the population and females 49%. Badami had an average literacy rate of 64.8%, comparable to the national average of 65%; with 59% of the males and 41% of females literate. 14% of the population was under 6 years of age.  The main language is Kannada.

Economy.

The main economy is centered around tourism in Karnataka.

Transport.

The nearest airport is Hubballi about 105 kilometers away. It is on the Hubli–Solapur rail route, and the rail station is 5 kilometers from the town. It is also connected by road to Hubli and Bijapur. Badami is reachable from Bengalooru by a 12-hour bus ride, or by a direct train "Solapur Gol Gumbaz Exp (train no. 16535)" or with a combination of an overnight train journey from Bangalore to Hospet followed by a short bus ride from Hospet to Badami. Another train journey could be from Bangalore to Hubli (8–9 hours) and then a bus ride to Badami (3 hours). Badami is around 110 km from Hubli. Local transport is by Rickshaws, and city buses.

Climbing.

Badami's red sandstone cliffs are popular amongst local and international climbers. This is great location for free sport climbing and bouldering. The cliffs have horizontal crack systems, similar to Gunks. There are over 150 bolted routes and multiple routes for free climbing. Gerhard Schaar, a German Climber and Pranesh Manchaiah, a local climber from Bangalore, were instrumental in setting up the sport routes driving a project called 'Bolts for Bangalore'. National Rock Climbing center, Manager Rajendra Hasabavi in Banshankari Road by General Thimayya National Academy of Adventure, Department of Youth Empowerment and Sports, Govt.of Karnataka is conducting various rock climbing and Adventure Camps for Youth and School Children.

Badami, formerly known as Vatapi, is a town and headquarters of a taluk by the same name, in the Bagalkot district of Karnataka, India. It was the regal capital of the Badami Chalukyas from AD 540 to 757. It is famous for its rock cut structural temples. It is located in a ravine at the foot of a rugged, red sandstone outcrop that surrounds Agastya lake. Badami has been selected as one of the heritage cities for HRIDAY - Heritage City Development and Augmentation Yojana scheme of Government of India.

Bádámí () je město v Karnátace, jednom ze svazových států Indie. K roku 2011 v něm žilo přibližně třicet tisíc obyvatel.


Gulf of Tonkin and Haiphong.

The Gulf of Tonkin is a route sometimes taken by typhoons originating near the Philippines as they travel westward in the prevailing tropical easterlies. In 1881 Haiphong Typhoon traveled this route after it originated near the Spanish East Indies.  The city of Haiphong lies about 10 miles from the coast of the Gulf of Tonkin and also on the Red River in a low elevation area (delta), connected to an access channel. By the time the typhoon landed in 1881, the town was still a young port established by the French in 1874.

Meteorological history.

While the storm's category and strength is uncertain (like many disasters prior to the 20th century), records show that the storm developed near the Philippines in late September and by the time it hit Luzon (Philippine island) on September 30, it was already strong enough to cause casualties and disrupt society. Once it was in the South China Sea, its power increased again as it entered into the Gulf of Tonkin, avoiding anymore land before it hit the gulf's coast.

Casualties.

In Vietnam alone, about 300,000 people were killed in and around Haiphong (casualties likely went up even in the storm's passing due to disease and starvation), and estimated 10,000–20,000 deaths in the modern territory of the Philippines, making it the deadliest Philippine typhoon ever recorded. It was three times the casualty count of Typhoon Haiyan, the deadliest Philippine typhoon in modern meteorological records, and is the second-deadliest tropical cyclone in history of the world tied with India 1839 with over 300,000 fatalities..  Haiphong, being a low-lying port town, was devastated both physically and economically. Its geography only made the damage escalate. With the high waves and winds, rice fields were flooded, buildings were decimated (and, as a result, people either were drowned or left stranded), trees were ripped up, etc. By the time the typhoon passed, most of the town was wiped out. Then, due to the inability to operate as a port town, Haiphong's economy also took impact.

Aftermath.

The typhoon of 1881 is not a common occurrence because its path around Hainan is what made it so strong by the time it hit Haiphong. This has not happened again since 1881, but analyses predict that it will happen again. The Vietnamese government has also taken action in case of another severe typhoon hitting the area. Haiphong now has a flood defense system including dykes/levees (though not all of them are firm), a flood warning service provided by Vietnam's Meteorological Service, and evacuation plans. However, Haiphong still serves as a port (and a major one today), so any large storms will harm the economy.

The 1881 Haiphong typhoon was a typhoon that struck Haiphong, in Dai Nam (now Vietnam), and the northern part of the Captaincy General of the Philippines (now the Philippines) on October 8, 1881. Formed east of Southern Luzon on September 27, 1881.

Haiphongský tajfun 1881 byl tropickou cyklónou, která na přelomu září a října 1881 zasáhla Filipíny a jihovýchodní Asii. Jedná se o jednu z nejhorších přírodních katastrof ve zdokumentované historii, počet obětí je odhadován na více než 300 000. Z tropických cyklón si více obětí vyžádal pouze cyklón Bhola, který v roce 1970 zdevastoval Bangladéš. Obzvláště těžce bylo poškozeno vietnamské město Haiphong s okolím, kde zahynulo až 300 000 lidí. Dalších 10 000 až 20 000 lidí zahynulo na Filipínách.


Report.

Background.

Heading into the fourth round of the season, Mercedes driver Nico Rosberg was leading the Drivers' Championship with 61 points; Rosberg's teammate Lewis Hamilton was second on 50 points, 11 points behind Rosberg. Behind Rosberg and Hamilton in the Drivers' Championship, Nico Hülkenberg was third on 28 points, with Fernando Alonso and Jenson Button on 26 and 23 points respectively. In the Constructors Championship, Mercedes were leading with 111 points and Force India were second on 44 points, with McLaren third on 43 points.  Prior to the race weekend, Stefano Domenicali resigned from position as Ferrari team principal citing the team's poor start to the season and their longest winless streak for 18 years. Domenicali was replaced by the President and CEO of Ferrari North America Marco Mattiacci.  Like the 2013 Chinese Grand Prix, tyre supplier Pirelli brought its white-banded medium compound tyre as the harder "prime" tyre and the yellow-banded soft compound tyre as the softer "option" tyre.

Practice and qualifying.

Three practice sessions were held before the race; the first on Friday morning and the second on Friday afternoon. Both sessions lasted one and a half hours. The third session was held on Saturday morning and lasted an hour.  The qualifying session held on Saturday afternoon was split into three parts. The first part ran for 18 minutes and eliminated the cars from qualifying that finished the session 16th or lower. The second part of qualifying lasted 15 minutes and eliminated cars that finished in positions 11 to 16. The final part of qualifying determined the positions from first to tenth, and decided pole position.  Qualifying took place under wet conditions, with all drivers using either intermediate or full wet tyres. Hamilton clinched his third pole position for the season, with a time of 1:53.860. As a result, Hamilton became the British driver with the highest number of pole positions, surpassing Jim Clark's record of 33. He was joined on the front row of the grid by Riccardo with Vettel qualifying third. Rosberg qualified fourth, 1.2 seconds behind Hamilton and Alonso qualified fifth. Massa, Bottas, Hulkenberg, Jean-Éric Vergne and Romain Grosjean rounded out the top ten. Räikkönen only managed 11th — missing out on the top ten for the second time in having struggled with the balance and handling of his car during the session. Jenson Button was the best placed McLaren in 12th, ahead of Daniil Kvyat, Adrian Sutil, Button's teammate Kevin Magnussen, with Sergio Pérez qualifying 16th. Esteban Gutiérrez was 17th, with the rest of the field consisting of the Caterham and Marussia cars. Lotus driver Pastor Maldonado did not take part in the qualifying sessions, but was allowed to start the race.

Race.

The race was raced over 56 laps, however the chequered flag was shown to Lewis Hamilton at end of lap 55 by mistake. According to Article 43.2 of the FIA Sporting Regulations this meant that the race officially finished at the end of lap 54. This meant that Kamui Kobayashi's overtake of Jules Bianchi on the final lap did not stand.

Post-race.

As a consequence of the race, Hamilton reduced Rosberg's lead over him in the Drivers' Championship to four points. Alonso moved up to third position passing Hülkenberg with Vettel maintaining fifth place and Ricciardo moved from 10th to 6th. In the Constructors' Championship, Mercedes increased their lead, with Red Bull jumping ahead of Force India for second position and Ferrari moving to fourth, ahead of McLaren who fell from third to fifth position.

The 2014 Chinese Grand Prix (formally the 2014 Formula 1 UBS Chinese Grand Prix) was a Formula One motor race that was held on 20 April 2014 at the Shanghai International Circuit, Shanghai, China. The race was the fourth round of the 2014 Formula One season, and marked the eleventh time that the Chinese Grand Prix was held as a round for the Formula One World Championship.

Grand Prix Číny 2014 (oficiálně 2014 Formula 1 UBS Chinese Grand Prix) se jela na okruhu Shanghai International Circuit v Šanghaji v Číně dne 20. dubna 2014. Závod byl čtvrtým v pořadí v sezóně 2014 šampionátu Formule 1.


Taxonomy.

Two subspecies of the red-and-blue lory, "E. h. histrio" and "E. h. challengeri", are thought to have become extinct due to deforestation. The former occurred in Sangihe, the latter possibly in Miangas Island. The only surviving population, living on the island of Karakelang (formerly also on other parts of the Talaud Islands), belongs to the subspecies "E. h. talautensis". The taxonomic validity of the subspecies is however still uncertain.

Description.

The red-and-blue lory is roughly in length, including the tail. The species is sexually monomorphic, i.e. sexes are visually alike.  The beak is short, sharply curved, and bright orange. The feathers nearest the cere (the area nearest the nostrils) are bright red. The crown of the head is intense purple. The back of the head is red, and the nape of the neck is intense violet. An indigo-violet stripe runs diagonally from the cere corner to the nape of the neck. The bird's plumage is mostly bright red. The rump and lower belly are a slightly deeper red. The breast has a broad band of deep blue. Extending the color from the nape, the bird's back is a deep violet purple. Wing and tail flight feathers - rectrices and remiges - are between red and red-violet. The wing covert feathers are black and red with black tips. The leg feathers are bluish-purple. The feet are medium gray, and the claws are black. The cere is very dark gray, and the irises of the eyes are dark brown.  The red-and-blue lory's voice consists of short, harsh chattering screeches. Their flight is said to be quick and straight.

Distribution and habitat.

The red-and-blue lory is now confined to the Talaud Islands off northern Sulawesi, Indonesia, where almost all individuals appear to inhabit a single island (Karakelang). Further populations, some apparently introduced, disappeared during the 20th century from Sangihe, Siau and Tagulandang. The population is thought to be in rapid decline.  The birds inhabit forests from sea level to about 1,500 meters above sea level. The population is only sustainable or viable on Karakelang, and their population on that island is fragmented into approximately four locations. This restricted range makes them very vulnerable to potential extinction.

Ecology.

These parrots are strictly arboreal, meaning they spend their lives in the trees. They do not forage on the ground. The species eats a primarily nectar- and pollen-based diet, like most lories and lorikeets. It supplements its diet with occasional insects and fruit. The red-and-blue lory is said to be raucous and noisy in the wild, but to be silent while feeding.  Mature trees are needed for nesting, and logging sometimes selectively removes these trees, which constitutes a threat to the specie's survival. Clutch size is 2 eggs, with a hatching time of 25–26 days. Outside of the breeding season, the species forms social flocks, which congregate in palm plantations. While the species is nonmigratory, they are said to fly between neighboring islands in search of food.  Most lories and lorikeets have a lifespan of 10–15 years in captivity, so although the lifespan of this species is not definitively known, it can be possibly inferred from the lifespans of similar species. Very rare in commercial aviculture, successful breeding has only been reported once in the scientific literature.

Conservation.

The red-and-blue lory is currently classified as Vulnerable by the IUCN. The species is also listed as CITES Appendix I, meaning that all international trade in wild-caught individuals is prohibited. Illegal trade continues, however, with 80% of the illegally taken or 'poached' specimens being shipped to the neighboring Philippines.  Threats to the population include illegal trapping for the pet trade, insecticide spraying on coconut plantations, logging or habitat degradation, and exotic Newcastle disease from escaped domestic poultry. Due to their striking appearance, these parrots have been valued as pets or cage birds in Indonesia and the Philippines since the 19th century. They have been trapped for commercial trade since that time. Only since the late 1990s did the trapping decrease. Loose enforcement of international and national laws has contributed to the decline of the species. These bird are fully protected by Indonesian law as well as CITES. Logging activities, even in their nature preserve home, also threaten the species. Population-wise, two of the three subspecies, including the nominate or definitive subspecies, are presumed extinct, and the remaining subspecies is on the decline. Only 5,500–14,000 red-and-blue lories remain in the wild.

The red-and-blue lory ("Eos histrio") is a small, strikingly-colored parrot endemic to Indonesia. The species inhabits a single island, Karakelang, in the Indonesian archipelago.

Lori modroprsý ("Eos histrio") je druh malého papouška, který je endemický pro Indonésii, konkrétně pro jediný ostrov: Karakelang. Je populární i mezi chovateli okrasného ptactva, nicméně ve svém přirozeném areálu výskytu postupně mizí, což vedlo k tomu, že v současné době je dle Mezinárodního svazu ochrany přírody (IUCN) řazen mezi ohrožené druhy.


Early life.

Petulla began producing music while in high school, uploading original songs as well as remixes of Far East Movement and Timbaland to his SoundCloud page. He gained recognition when he released songs on labels such as Ultragore Recordings and Tuff Love Dubs. In an interview, he said "I basically started when I was 16. I was in a few bands before that; I was a drummer and a guitar player. I was a huge metal head and I loved rap like Mac Dre and Andre Nickatina. You could make electronic music by yourself, so that really attracted me towards it and made me want to do my own thing". He said "As soon as I picked up a guitar I knew I wanted to do music. I have always done art, whether it’s music or drawing, so it all came pretty natural".

Background.

Regarded as 'the unsung hero of underground bass culture', Petulla has been DJing across the US since the age of 17. He performed across the US and received support from genre pioneers DATSIK and Downlink. He has, ever since, become known for ignoring trends and cutting his own path with ripping, guttural synths and a sprinkling of melody. He has been in the bass scene since 2010. A regular performer at EDC, Petulla has collaborated with some of the biggest names in the scene such as Skrillex, Datsik, and Borgore. He regularly uses heavy bass and “gnarly” synths in his music. Petulla's style of producing/DJing has evolved through the years from'massive dubstep tracks to a diverse assortment of genres which culminate to an ethereal, trap-light sound that still contains hard-hitting dubstep roots'. Recently, he's been dabbing into more of an experimental style of reverb and bass while assimilating a variety of beats.

Career.

2012–13: Beginnings.

Petulla said in an interview that on his 19th birthday, he saved up money to move to Los Angeles before staying at a friend's room for a few months. He expanded from there and began to develop musically before getting his own apartment and studio.  Petulla signed to Firepower Records run by Datsik in 2012 before signing with OWSLA, a record label founded by dubstep pioneer Skrillex. He gained popularity when he began making “SUH Dude” vines with Nick Colletti and Dillon Francis. He also said that after touring, he plans to work on 'getting something like a TV show or a movie going' with Colletti.  Petulla first joined Skrillex's OWSLA when he sent his demo before Skrillex heard and told him that he liked it. Petulla then sent another track which is now titled "Head Splitter" and Skrillex said 'he wanted it for OWSLA'. Petulla said "We just became friends from there; he introduced me to his team. Now we all work together, and they see what I’m trying to do, which is really cool, because they support it and have the resources to make it happen. Me and Skrillex have a super-similar taste in heavy bass music, so I’ll send him new tracks and new artists”.

2014–15: "Trenchlords" project and "Planet Neutral".

Petulla released his "Trenchlords Vol. 1" EP; the first installment from his new music project called, "Trench". Four songs from the EP, includes a collaborations with Algo and Deemed. When asked about his opinion on genres, Petulla said "I feel like genres are necessary to classify what you like, same with certain sub genres. I’m just not a fan of sub genres that not only sound stupid, but can be put on anything that has the smallest element of that class". Speaking about the project, the name "Trench" and its significance, Petulla said "I just think the name sounds tight, and is short and sweet. A Trenchlord is someone who I think makes fuckin’ dope music that I collaborate with and recruit to the trench project." The idea "Trench" came into the scene when Petulla and his close friends realized they represent the 'heavier/underground' side of dubstep music, which was then he started the Trench project, with fellow artists being labeled Trenchlords. On giving it away for free, he said that he wants his fans to enjoy his music, which was his main priority.  On 23 October 2015, Petulla released a nine-second tease of a new collaborative track with Skrillex. On 28 November 2015, Petulla returned to Vancouver, BC at Red Room Ultra Bar to perform. In 2015, Petulla released an EP under the alias “Planet Neutral” that showed a reserved, mellow, more relaxed side to himself.

2016: "Radical Dude!" and "Wat the Frick".

On 29 January 2016, a compilation album titled "Worldwide Broadcast" by OWSLA was released, featuring Petulla's collaboration with Ghastly titled "666!".  On 11 March 2016, Petulla released an EP titled "Radical Dude!" with heavy dub, bass-driven, and grimy songs. The first song on the EP, entitled “Back” is bass-heavy, 'fun and laid-back piece'. The fifth and sixth songs on the EP, "In The Cuts" featuring Sneek and "Blood" with Adair featuring Georgia Ku, consist of 'extraterrestrial synths, dreamy vocals, and atmospheric swells'.  In May 2016, Petulla starred in Dillon Francis' seven-episode reality TV-esque web series titled "DJ World" about the worst DJ stereotypes. The first episode was shared on 24 May 2016 which stars Francis, Nick Colletti and Petulla as obnoxious characters who epitomize the dance music stereotypes and every terrible festival fashion.  On 25 August 2016, a remix by Getter of Marshmello's single "Alone" was released via Monstercat.  On 2 September 2016, Petulla released his new seven-track EP titled "Wat the Frick" via OWSLA. Speaking in an interview about the EP, Petulla said "My main goal for everything is that I want to put out something that everyone will like. Not just a basshead, or a trap dude, or whatever, but I want to have different worlds for each kind of music, so each EP will probably be pretty mixed up". When asked about the difference of the EP and his other EPs, Petulla said "I think the biggest thing is that they’re all solo tracks. No collaborations". On the same day, OWSLA released an official music video directed by Liam Underwood for Petulla's song "Head Splitter" which also appeared on OWSLA's Spring Compilation 2015 album in March. The video starts ominously at a burger joint named Grim Jim's, and as soon as the main character finishes his meal, his face dissolves into a cartoon smear of greens and purples. As he makes his way through Los Angeles, he finds the same goo popping up all around him.  In November 2016, he shared some unreleased tracks, that failed to be included on "Wat the Frick" EP, to Soundcloud. The songs include “Phantom of tha Opera”, “Love Me No More” and “Tourettes Squad”. The first of the three is a "chilled-out and with a decided hip hop vibe"-trap song similar to the second one. The third song has more of an electro influence but chopped up and is more to dubstep than the trap genre.

2017–present: Shred Collective, "Visceral".

It was announced that Petulla will appear at Canada's Snowbombing music festival alongside several other notable musicians and artists, in 2017. Petulla launched Shred Collective – his own record label, clothing brand, and artist collective. "Inhalant Abuse" was released as the label's first track on 10 March 2017.  Petulla announced his debut full-length album as Getter, "Visceral", on March 17, 2018, having released the first single "Colorblind" on February 7. In an interview with Run The Trap, Petulla explained that the album would move away from his dance music roots:  In April 2019, Petulla cancelled his Visceral Tour early after getting booed by a large number of fans at several venues who were not in favor of his changed music style, and in a tweet said that the Visceral Tour would be his last tour. There was an outpouring of support for Petulla from the EDM community in reply to his tweets shortly after. A large number of artists have also stated their support towards Petulla on Social Media, including Jauz, Lost Kings, Joyryde, Dave Dresden, Tommie Sunshine, 1788-L, Svdden Death, Kayzo, Ghastly, Rezz, Modestep, Herobust, Louis the Child, Feed Me, Delta Heavy, Zeds Dead, Excision, and Alison Wonderland.

Controversy.

A song featured on a collaboration album between Petulla and Suicideboys contained a song titled "Stop Calling Us Horrorcore", built entirely around a single sample found in the ‘808 Mood’ sample pack by Trap Veterans on Producer Loops. Petulla said he did not know anything about it, after he was sent the almost-completed track.  On June 18, 2016, Petulla posted a photo on Twitter of him receiving fellatio from a fan in a hotel room in Las Vegas after his set at Electric Daisy Carnival. He then made a t-shirt of the photo which he sold on his Trippy Burger website.  On 16 September 2016, Petulla used Twitter to voice his strongly worded opinions on the cost of touring and why having local acts open shows is "potentially ruining the full tour experience". He went on to explain why he said "f--- local openers" and laid out how the lack of experience they bring often derails the performances to follow and overall downgrades the show as a whole. After the controversy effectively circulated all throughout the DJing community and beyond, Petulla has apologized. In a series of new tweets sent out later on, Petulla acknowledged his own come-up as an opening DJ, mentioning how he understands the routine.

Personal life.

Petulla's previous girlfriend was also involved with his clothing line "Trippy Burger" in which she was managing the women's clothing. Petulla was also known on the app called Vine, in which he amassed over 400 thousand followers and had his videos watched over 376,500,000 times. Vine was also the platform Petulla first founded the phrase "Suh Dude" which he and his best friend, Nick Colletti, sell as a part of merchandise for their clothing brand.

Other ventures.

Trippy Burger.

Petulla and Colletti started a clothing brand which sells "Suh Dude" shirts, 'Getter and Nick Colletti' merchandise, "Trippy Burger stuff" and other official 'Suh Dude' items. He said "It’s me and my friend Nick Colletti’s clothing brand. We’ve got a nice thing going right now".

"The Real Bros Of Simi Valley".

Petulla currently stars as recurring character Bryce Meyer on Facebook Watch series "The Real Bros of Simi Valley", which started on Jimmy Tatro's YouTube channel.

Discography.

Studio albums

Tanner Petulla, known professionally as Getter, is an American DJ, producer, rapper, actor and comedian from San Jose, California. Petulla was signed to Datsik's label Firepower Records in 2012, while also releasing through other labels such as Rottun Recordings and OWSLA. Petulla has collaborated with some big-name artists such as Datsik, Skrillex, Borgore, and Suicideboys, and also had Liquid Stranger remix his song "Ill Shit". In 2017, Petulla launched his own record label, clothes shop, and artist collective known as Shred Collective. He also produces and performs hip-hop under the name Terror Reid, and is best known for his song "Uppercuts".

Getter, rodným jménem Tanner Penulla, známý i pod pseudonymem Terror Reid (* 14. dubna 1993 San José, Kalifornie) je americký producent, DJ, rapper, herec a komik ze San José v Kalifornii.


Lawrence Dundas, 2nd Marquess of Zetland

Background and education.

Zetland, born in London, was the son of Lawrence Dundas, 1st Marquess of Zetland, and Lady Lillian, daughter of Richard Lumley, 9th Earl of Scarbrough. He was educated at Harrow School and Trinity College, Cambridge. At Cambridge, he was a member of the University Pitt Club.

Political career.

Zetland was returned to Parliament for Hornsey in 1907, a seat he held until 1916. Much of his public career centred on British India. In September 1912, he was appointed (with Lord Islington, Herbert Fisher, Mr Justice Abdur Rahim, and others) as a member of the Royal Commission on the Public Services in India of 1912–1915. He was Governor of Bengal between 1917 and 1922 and Secretary of State for India between 1935 and 1940. Although a member of the Conservative Party, his belief was that Indians should be allowed to take ever-increasing responsibility for the government of the country, culminating in Dominion status (enjoyed by Canada, Australia, and other formerly self-governing parts of the British Empire).  Zetland played an important role in the protracted negotiations which led to the Government of India Act 1935, which began, subject to the implacable opposition of Winston Churchill and the "diehards" to anything that might imperil direct British rule over India, to implement those ideals. Zetland was also an author: Rab Butler, who served as his Parliamentary Under-Secretary at the India Office, records that he asked how he could understand better his chief's thinking about the future of India and received the answer: "Read my books!" Zetland kept Butler, who had helped to pass the Government of India Act and had enjoyed great influence under Zetland's predecessor Samuel Hoare, at arm's length, requiring him to book an appointment in advance if he wanted to see him. Butler continued to serve under him for another two years, but devotes only a single paragraph to this period in his memoirs.  Zetland was ideally placed as Secretary of State for India to implement the new Act, although the two Viceroys with whom he served, Lords Willingdon and Linlithgow, were rather less idealistic than he. In the event, Willingdon and Linlithgow were proved right when the Congress Party won the 1937 Provincial elections, much to the dismay of Zetland. Zetland's term as Secretary of State — and the experiment with democracy represented by the 1935 Act — came to an end with Churchill's assumption of the Prime Ministership in 1940: Zetland then offered his resignation, feeling that his ideas and Churchill's regarding India were so different that "I could only end by becoming an embarrassment to him."  Zetland, who was known to favour good relations between the UK and Germany, was associated with the Anglo-German Fellowship during the late 1930s.  Zetland was sworn of the Privy Council in 1922 and made a Knight of the Garter in 1942. He also bore the Sword of State at the coronation of George VI in 1937 and was Lord Lieutenant of the North Riding of Yorkshire between 1945 and 1951. He was elected President of the Royal Geographical Society in 1922 and President of the Royal Asiatic Society of Great Britain and Ireland for 1928–31.

Family.

Lord Zetland married Cicely, daughter of Mervyn Henry Archdale, on 3 December 1907 and lived at Snelsmore at Chieveley in Berkshire. Zetland died in February 1961, aged 84, and was succeeded by his son, Lawrence Dundas, 3rd Marquess of Zetland. The Marchioness of Zetland died in January 1973. They had five children:

Lawrence John Lumley Dundas, 2nd Marquess of Zetland, (11 June 1876 – 6 February 1961), styled Lord Dundas until 1892 and Earl of Ronaldshay between 1892 and 1929, was a British Conservative politician. An expert on India, he served as Secretary of State for India in the late 1930s.

Lawrence John Lumley Dundas, 2. markýz ze Zetlandu (do roku 1929 známý pod jménem Lord Ronaldshay) ("Lawrence John Lumley Dundas, 2nd Marquess of Zetland, 2nd Earl of Ronaldshay, 4th Earl of Zetland, 5th Baron Dundas") (11. června 1876, Londýn, Anglie – 6. února 1961, Aske Hall, Anglie) byl britský státník ze starobylého skotského rodu Dundasů. Od mládí se jako politik a spisovatel věnoval problematice Indie, byl guvernérem v Bengálsku (1917-1922) a ministrem pro Indii (1935-1940). Zastával také řadu čestných funkcí a v roce 1942 získal Podvazkový řád. Jako markýz ze Zetlandu od roku 1929 zasedal ve Sněmovně lordů.


Description.

General characteristics.

The two "Evstafi"-class ships were long at the waterline and long overall. They had a beam of and a draught of. They displaced, only more than their designed displacement of. The "Evstafi"-class were slightly larger than "Potemkin", being longer, wider, but displaced less. The ships had a double bottom from frames 18 to 82. They were divided into 10 main compartments by transverse watertight bulkheads. They also had a centreline longitudinal bulkhead, presumably separating the engine rooms.

Propulsion.

The "Evstafi" class had two three-cylinder vertical triple expansion steam engines built by ONZiV in Nikolayev that had a total designed output of. Twenty-two Belleville water-tube boilers provided steam to the engines at a pressure of, which drove two screw propellers. On sea trials, the powerplant produced a total over and a top speed of. They carried a maximum of of coal at full load that provided a range of at a speed of. Two steam-powered dynamos were carried with a total output of 300 kW, as well as two auxiliary dynamos rated at 64 kW each.

Armament.

The main armament consisted of two pairs of 12-inch 40-calibre Pattern 1895 guns mounted in hydraulically powered twin turrets fore and aft. Each turret had a firing arc of 260 degrees. The guns had a rate of fire of 40 seconds between rounds and 75 rounds per gun were carried. These guns had a maximum elevation of 35 degrees and could depress to -5 degrees. They fired a shell at a muzzle velocity of to a range of at maximum elevation.  All four 50-calibre Pattern 1905 guns were mounted in the corners of the superstructure in armoured casemates. These guns had a firing arc of 120 degrees and could fire straight ahead or astern. They had a range of elevation from -5 degrees to +20 degrees. The guns fired a high explosive shell that weighed at a muzzle velocity of. At 19.5 degrees elevation it could range out to. 110 rounds were stowed per gun.  The dozen Canet Pattern 1892 45-calibre guns were mounted in the lower casemates. The guns could elevate to a maximum of 20 degrees and depress to -5 degrees. They fired shells that weighed with a muzzle velocity of. They had a maximum range of when fired at maximum elevation. The ships carried 180 rounds per gun.  The anti-torpedo boat armament consisted of fourteen Canet Pattern 1892 50-calibre guns mounted in sponsons on the upper deck, protected by gun shields. The gun fired shells to a range of about at its maximum elevation of 21 degrees with a muzzle velocity of. The rate of fire was between 12 and 15 rounds per minute.  The "Evstafi" class carried two torpedo tubes on the broadside aft. These torpedoes carried a warhead of TNT. It had two speed settings which gave it a maximum range of at or at.

Protection.

The "Evstafi"-class ships used Krupp armour. The maximum thickness of the waterline belt was which reduced to abreast the magazines. It covered about of the ship's length. The belt was high, including below the waterline. The belt terminated in transverse bulkheads. The belt was extended to the bow by armour plates thick and to the stern by armour.  The upper belt was six inches thick and was intended to protect the gap between the waterline belt and the casemate. The casemate protected the six and eight-inch guns and was thick; bulkheads separated each gun. The sides of the turrets were thick and they had a roof. Their barbettes were also 10 inches thick, although this was reduced to five inches where they were screened behind other armour. The two conning towers' sides were in thickness with a roof. The decks ranged from in thickness.

Construction.

Construction of both ships began well before the formal keel-laying ceremony; "Evstafi" on 13 July 1904 and "Ioann Zlatoust" on 13 July 1903, although the working drawings and preliminary calculations were not approved until 31 May 1904, which caused some problems with "Ioann Zlatoust". Progress was relatively quick, despite the disruptions caused by the 1905 Revolution, and both ships were launched less than three years after work began. Fitting-out, however, was considerably delayed by a number of changes made as the navy digested the lessons of the Russo-Japanese War. Maximum elevation of the main guns was increased from 15 degree to 35 degrees, the number of torpedo tubes was reduced from five to two, mine stowage was eliminated as were the guns. The armour protection of the waterline fore and aft of the main belt was increased to prevent the sort of damage that disabled several ships at the Battle of Tsushima. A second conning tower was added at the rear of the superstructure and its design was altered, probably to eliminate the overhanging top that deflected splinters into the conning tower at the Battle of the Yellow Sea and Tsushima. The masts and their fighting tops were replaced by light pole masts and light booms replaced the heavy boat cranes to save weight.

World War I.

"Evstafi", as the newest ship in the Black Sea Fleet, was the flagship of Vice Admiral Andrei Eberhardt for the first year or so of World War I. Two weeks after the Russian declaration of war on the Ottoman Empire on 2 November 1914, the Black Sea Fleet set out to bombard Trebizond on 15 November. The force consisted of the pre-dreadnoughts "Evstafi", "Ioann Zlatoust",,, and three cruisers escorted by three destroyers and 11 torpedo boats. They did this successfully on the morning of 17 November and then turned west to hunt for Turkish shipping along the Anatolian coast before setting course for Sevastopol later that afternoon. The following day, while en route, the ships were intercepted by the German battlecruiser "Goeben" and the light cruiser in what came to be known as the Battle of Cape Sarych.  Despite the noon hour the conditions were foggy and the capital ships initially did not spot each other. The Black Sea Fleet had experimented on concentrating fire from several ships under the control of a "master ship" before the war and "Evstafi" held her fire until "Ioann Zlatoust", the master ship, could see "Goeben". When the gunnery commands were finally received they showed a range over in excess of "Evstafi"s own estimate of, so "Evstafi" opened fire using her own data before "Goeben" turned to unmask its broadside. She scored a hit with her first salvo as a 12-inch shell partially penetrated the armor casemate protecting one of "Goeben"s secondary guns. It detonated some of the ready-use ammunition, starting a fire that burnt out the casemate and killed its crew.  "Goeben" returned fire shortly afterward and hit "Evstafi" in the middle funnel; the shell detonated after it passed through the funnel and destroyed the antennae for the fire-control radio, which meant that "Evstafi" could not correct "Ioann Zlatoust"s inaccurate range data. The other ships either used "Ioann Zlatoust"s incorrect data or never saw "Goeben" and failed to register any hits on the German ship. "Goeben" hit "Evstafi" four more times, although one shell failed to detonate, before Rear Admiral Wilhelm Souchon decided to turn away and break contact after fourteen minutes of combat. "Evstafi" suffered 34 killed and 24 wounded from those hits, and only fired between 12 and 16 twelve-inch shells, as well as 14 eight-inch and 19 six-inch shells. "Ioann Zlatoust" fired only six shells from her main armament.  Several armour plates on "Evstafi" required replacement after the battle and they were taken from the old pre-dreadnought, allowing the repairs to be complete by 29 November. On 9 January 1915 "Breslau" and the encountered the Russian fleet while returning from a bombardment mission in the eastern part of the Black Sea. During a minor engagement "Breslau" hit "Evstafi"s forward turret, temporarily putting it out of action, after which the two cruisers escaped using their superior speed.

Coast bombardment.

"Evstafi" and "Ioann Zlatoust" served as the covering force for several bombardment missions of the Bosphorus between 18 March and 9 May 1915. While the two earlier bombardments were uneventful, the 9 May bombardment provoked a reaction as "Goeben" intercepted the Russian battleships after they had been spotted by the. Both forces turned on parallel courses and opened fire at the range of, and although neither side scored a hit, "Goeben" had multiple near-misses on "Evstafi". Admiral Eberhardt then ordered his ships to make only, while "Goeben" was making. "Goeben" was unable to cross the T of the Russian ships, despite its superior speed, as they were continually turning. This maneuver bought enough time that "Tri Sviatitelia" and "Pantelimon" were able to rejoin the other two ships before they could start shelling the Ottoman forts. "Pantelimon" then hit "Goeben" twice before the German ship broke contact after 22 minutes of firing. With the fleet assembled Admiral Eberhardt attempted to pursue the German battlecruiser, but was unsuccessful.  Both ships were subsequently fitted with anti-aircraft guns on top of each of their turrets during 1915, and screens were added on top of their funnels to keep out light bombs. "Ioann Zlatoust" initially received four 75-millimetre guns, but this was later altered to a pair of 75 mm guns and another pair of guns. "Evstafi" first received three 75 mm guns, but these were later replaced by two 63.5 mm guns and a pair of guns. On 1 August 1915 she, and all the other pre-dreadnoughts, were transferred to the 2nd Battleship Brigade, after the dreadnought had entered service. On 1 October the new dreadnought provided cover while "Ioann Zlatoust" and "Pantelimon" bombarded Zonguldak and "Evstafi" shelled the nearby town of Kozlu. Later, both "Evstafi"-class ships participated in the second bombardment of Varna in May 1916.  "Evstafi" and "Ioann Zlatoust" were reduced to reserve in March 1918 in Sevastopol. Immobile, they were captured by the Germans there in May and handed over to the Allies the following December. The British wrecked their engines between 22–24 April 1919 when they left the Crimea in order to prevent the advancing Bolsheviks from using them against the White Russians. Later, they were captured by both sides during the Russian Civil War, but were abandoned by the White Russians when they evacuated the Crimea in November 1920. The ships were then scrapped in 1922–23, although they were not stricken from the Navy List until 21 November 1925.

The "Evstafi" class were a pair of pre-dreadnought battleships of the Imperial Russian Navy built before World War I for the Black Sea Fleet. They were slightly enlarged versions of the, with increased armour and more guns. Numerous alterations were made as a result of experience in the Russo-Japanese War of 1904–5 that seriously delayed the completion of the two ships.

Třída Jevstafij byla třída predreadnoughtů ruského carského námořnictva. Celkem byly postaveny dvě jednotky této třídy. Ve službě byly v letech 1911–1919. Bitevní lodě byly nasazeny v první světové válce.


History.

Founded in 2006, the idea for a European Young Chemists' Network (EYCN) within EuChemS was formed during several young scientist meetings in Europe. On the 31st August 2006, during the 1st European Chemistry Congress (ECC) in Budapest, a paper was written entitled "Aims, Tasks and Goals of EYCN", which was seen to be the foundation of the EYCN.  In March 2007, Jens Breffke (Germany) and Csaba Janaky (Hungary) invited all societies to send their young representatives to Berlin in order to set the rules of EYCN. These were later confirmed by the Executive Committee of EuChemS. Meanwhile, EYCN reached out to all young chemists within the European Chemical Society (EuChemS) framework to exchange knowledge, experiences and ideas.

Organization.

The EYCN consists of a Board with three Executive Board members and five complementary teams (Membership Team, Networks Team, Global Connections Team, Science Team and Communication Team) that have their own responsibilities, and each is managed by a Team Leader. The Delegate Assembly (DA), a meeting of the national chemical societies' representatives, takes place annually and the Board members and the Team Leaders are elected biennially. Being one of the most active divisions of EuChemS, the EYCN's main goal is to support and mentor students, early career researchers and professionals through awards (best poster and best oral presentation prizes, the European Young Chemist Award - EYCA), exchange programs (congress fellowships, Young Chemists Crossing Borders - YCCB program) and educational activities (conferences, Career Days, soft-skills symposiums).  The EYCN successfully collaborates with other early-career chemistry networks both within and outside of Europe. It has built a particularly prolific collaboration with the American Chemical Society - Younger Chemists Committee (ACS-YCC) since 2010 and is actively cooperating with the International Younger Chemists Network (IYCN).  In addition to the financial support from EuChemS, the EYCN is also supported by the EVONIK Industries.

Projects and Events.

In order to bring science closer to a broader audience, the EYCN organizes the photography contest Photochimica since 2016, in collaboration with the Royal Society of Chemistry (RSC), and the video contest Chemistry Rediscovered.  The EYCN organizes also a variety of different events, including the biennial international conference European Young Chemists’ Meeting (EYCheM), a symposium at the biennial ECC and the annual DA. There have been 15 DAs so far since the first in 2006 in Budapest, Hungary.

EYCN Board compositions.

From 2006 to 2013 the EYCN Board and the relative teams were randomly changed every one to three years. After 2013, elections took place every two years. Each EYCN Board has improved the EYCN impact through several key contributions.  Chair: Antonio M. Rodríguez García (Spain); Secretary: Maximilian Menche (Germany); Treasurer: Jelena Lazić (2019–20) (Serbia), Carina Crucho (2020–21) (Portugal); Communication team leader: Maxime Rossato (France); Global connection team leader: Lieke van Gijzel (The Netherlands); Membership team leader: Miguel Steiner (Austria); Networks team leader: Jovana V. Milic (Switzerland); Science team leader: Katarina Josifovska (2019–20) (North Macedonia), Robert-Andrei Țincu (2020–21) (Romania); Advisor: Alice Soldà (Italy)  Chair: Alice Soldà (Italy); Secretary: Torsten John (Germany); Communication team leader: Xseniia Otvagina (Russia); Membership team leader: Jelena Lazić (Serbia); Networks team leader: Victor Mougel (France); Science team leader: Hanna Makowska (Poland); Advisor: Fernando Gomollón-Bel (Spain)  Key achievements: The webpage "Chemistry across Europe" providing the basic information about chemistry in the academic and industrial field across Europe and the EYCN YouTube channel were established. The 2nd European Young Chemists' Meeting (EYCheM) was organized in collaboration with the JCF Bremen.  Chair: Fernando Gomollón-Bel (Spain); Secretary: Camille Oger (France); Science team leader: Oana Fronoiu (Romania); Communication team leader: Sarah Newton (UK); Networks team leader: Michael Terzidis (Greece); Membership team leader: Emanuel Ehmki (Austria)  Key achievements: The rules for the election process of the EYCN board and the attendance to the DA were established and the publication of a monthly newsletter was decided.  Chair: Frédérique Backaert (Belgique); Secretary: Aurora Walshe (UK); Scientific team leader: Vladimir Ene (Romania); External communication team leader: Lisa Phelan (Ireland); Membership team leader: Koert Wijnbergen (The Netherlands); Networks team leader: Anna Stefaniuk-Grams (Poland)  Key achievement: First participation of the EYCN at the EuCheMS Chemistry Congress (ECC5) in Istanbul, Turkey in 2014.  Chair: Cristina Todasca (Romania); Secretary: Aurora Walshe (UK)  Key achievement: The EYCN was for the first time organized into teams, each with its own leader and delegates as team members.  Chair: Viviana Fluxa (Switzerland); Secretary: Cristina Todasca (Romania); Relationship with industries: Lineke Pelleboer (The Netherlands); External communication: Guillaume Poisson (France); Membership and internal communication: Aurora Walshe (UK); Website designer: Magorzata Zaitz (Poland)  Key achievements: Development of the EYCN's website and active participation at the 3rd EuCheMS Chemistry Congress in Nürnberg in 2010.  Chair: Sergej Toews (Germany); Secretary: Helena Laavi (Finland); Relationship with industry: Viviana Fluxa (Switzerland); Communications: Dan Dumitrescu (Romania); Scientific affairs: Ilya Vorotyntsev (Russia)  Key achievement: The corporate identity of the EYCN was developed.  Chair: Csaba Janáky (Hungary); Secretary: Emma Dumphy (Switzerland); Treasurer: Juan Luis Delgado de la Cruz (Spain); Sponsor relations officer: Jens Breffke (Germany)  Key achievement: Creation of the EYCN in Berlin from the representatives of 12 Chemical Societies representatives.

The European Young Chemists' Network (EYCN) is the young division of the European Chemical Society (EuChemS), and aims at promoting chemistry among young people, under the age of 35, that belong to a fellow European society.

The European Young Chemists’ Network (EYCN) je divize European Chemical Society (EuChemS), která sdružuje chemiky mladší 35 let ze všech evropských partnerských chemických společnostech.


History.

Predecessor churches.

The site was originally occupied by an aisled three-nave Romanesque church, the oldest mention of which dates from 1262. It was a succursal church of the ancient Parish of Saint Peter. An extensive fire in 1361 saw it refurbished in the Gothic style but underwent alterations when the Diocese of Ljubljana was established in 1461 and the church became a cathedral. However, in 1469 it was burnt down again. This time, it was suspected to be arson, presumably by the Turks.

Baroque cathedral.

In 1700, at the initiative of Dean Johann Gregor Thalnitscher and the "Academia Operosorum Labacensium", the Capuchin friar Florentianus Ponnensis from Milan or Bologna designed a new Baroque hall church. The following year, after the construction already started, the plan was revised and complemented by the Jesuit architect Andrea Pozzo who designed it as a basilica and added to it a dome. He did not supervise the realisation of his plan, so the buildings was significantly adapted by the builders, in particular by Francesco Bombassi of Venice. The two belfries, resembling of the Salzburg Cathedral, were added upon the plan by Lombard Giulio Quaglio.  The construction took place between 1701 and 1706. It was led by Francesco Bombasi, who already after a few months replaced the unreliable Francesco Feratta, and Mihael Zamerl. The master builder was Pavel Jugovic, and after his death in March 1704, Gregor Maček, Sr. The construction was completed in 1706, the first worship took place in the new building in August 1706, and the consecration took place on 8 May 1707. Originally, a fake dome was painted on the arch above the centre until the church's real dome was constructed by Matej Medved in 1841.

Description.

Exterior.

The church, oriented towards the east, is recognisable by its octagonal dome above the crossing at the eastern side, and two belfries at the western side. The dome with a cupola that replaced a painted one in 1841, was built by Matej Medved, whereas carpenter works were carried out by. The belfries were built in 1705–06 and have been decorated with gilded apples. Various relics and parchment inscriptions have been stored in them. The church towers have six bells, including the second oldest bell in Slovenia, dated to 1326, a bell by Gasparo de Franchi from 1706, and five bells by the Strojne Livarne factory. Between the belfries, there is a segmented semicircular gable, a 1989 reconstruction of the original Baroque gable that was after the 1895 Ljubljana earthquake replaced by the builder Franz Faleschini with a triangular one according to plans by the architect.  The facades of the church are decorated with 19th-century and 20th-century niches containing statues of bishops and saints, with Baroque frescoes, and with ancient Roman tombstones and some others named the Thalnitscher stone monument collection (), which was created in the early 18th century at the initiative of the historian Johann Gregor Thalnitscher. On the southern wall there is a side entrance in the eastern part and a brightly decorated Gothic pietà in the western part, a copy of one that used to be in the earlier Gothic cathedral. A sundial with Roman numerals and a Latin motto ( – "You don't know the day or the hour"), dated to 1826, also decorates the southern facade. It was renovated in 1989. The western facade with the main entrance is decorated with a plaque to the right of the entrance bearing a ceiling boss from the old Ljubljana cathedral in the form of Christ's head and the Latin inscription " ("old memories of the cathedral church").  There are six sandstone statues of bishops and saints in the niches of the cathedral. The niches of the southern facade contain the Gothic pietà, and statues of Saint Hermagoras and Saint Fortunatus, made of sandstone in 1872 by the sculptor Franc Ksaver Zajec. The niches of the western facade (next to the main entrance) contain a statue of Thomas Aquinas and a statue of Saint Bonaventura by the sculptor Ivan Pengov (1912), the northern facade's niches contain a statue of Sigismund von Lamberg, the first bishop of Ljubljana, and of Ljubljana's Bishop Thomas Chrön, both created in 1913, also by Pengov.  The entrances have bronze sculptured doors from 1996, created at the 1250s anniversary of Christianity in the Slovenian territory and the visit of Pope John Paul II. The front door, now named the Slovene Door, bears a relief by with a depiction of Slovene history to commemorate the 1250th anniversary of Christianity in Slovenia. The side door, now named the Ljubljana Door, was redesigned by, who decorated them with portraits of the 20th-century bishops of Ljubljana. Subsequently, an automatic electric door has been added beyond the main door.

Interior.

Inside much of the original Baroque decor remains with frescoes painted by Giulio Quaglio between 1703–1706 and later 1721–1723. Other notable decorations in the cathedral include the altar angels by the brothers Paolo and Giuseppe Groppelli on the right part of the nave (1711) and by Francesco Robba on the left (1745–1750). Angelo Putti created the statues of the four bishops of Emona seated under the dome beam (1712–1713), the bust of (1715), and the reliefs of angels in the spherical triangles at the altar of the Holy Trinity. The dome was painted by in 1843–44. The fresco in the cupola depicts the Holy Spirit and angels, whereas the frescos on the walls of the dome depict the coronation of the Virgin and the glorification of Saint Nicholas, surrounded by angels and saints. In the 1950s, the architect Jože Plečnik made plans for new church furnishings.

Ljubljana Cathedral (), officially named St. Nicholas's Church (, unofficially also ), also named St. Nicholas' Cathedral (), the Cathedral of St. Nicholas, or simply the Cathedral (), is a cathedral in Ljubljana, the capital of Slovenia. Originally, Ljubljana Cathedral was a Gothic church. In the early 18th century, it was replaced by a Baroque building. It is an easily recognizable landmark of the city with its green dome and twin towers and stands at Cyril and Methodius Square () by the nearby Ljubljana Central Market and Town Hall.

Katedrála svatého Mikuláše, zvaná Lublaňská katedrála (slovinsky "cerkev sv. Nikolaja" či "ljubljanska stolnica") nebo jednoduše katedrála () je katedrála v Lublani, hlavním městě Slovinska. Původně byla Lublaňská katedrála gotickým kostelem. Na počátku 18. století byla nahrazena barokní stavbou. Jedná se o snadno rozpoznatelnou dominantu města se zelenou kopulí a dvojicí věží a stánky na náměstí Cyrila a Metoděje () u nedaleké Lublaňské ústřední tržnice a radnice.


History.

Before the Spanish invasion Telde was the eastern centre to the aborigines of the island, and the renowned aborigen Doramas is believed to have lived here. Early records point to about 14,000 aborigen dwellings here in Telde at the time of conquest, and Telde is the spot where the famous Idolo de Tara figure—currently housed in the Museo Canario in Las Palmas—was discovered.  It was created by papal decree is 1351. Today Telde is Gran Canaria's second city with a population over 100,000. The historic old town area of Telde is particularly popular with visitors.

Ecclesiastical History.

The Diocese of Islas de la Fortuna (español) / Isola de Fortunate (Italiano) / Insulas Fortunatis (Latin) (meaning 'Fortunate islands', the nickname of the Canaries) was established on 7 November 1351. The territory split off from the Balearic Diocese of Mallorca, as suffragan of the (Andalusian) Metropolitan Archdiocese of Seville.  Renamed in 1369 after its see as Diocese of Telde (Spanish) / Telden(sis) (Latin adjective).  On 7 July 1404 it lost territory to establish the Diocese of Rubicon.  In 1441 it was suppressed, without direct successor.

Titular see.

In 1969 the diocese was nominally restored as Latin Titular bishopric of Telde (Spanish) / Telden(sis) (Latin adjective).  It has had the following incumbents, "none yet of the fitting Episcopal (lowest) rank :

Economy.

In the past, Telde was an agricultural community, the main crops being sugar canes, vineyards, bananas and tomatoes. Today the surrounding area of Telde is quite heavily industrialised, becoming the industrial centre on the island.  Two airlines are headquartered at Gran Canaria Airport: Binter Canarias and Canaryfly.

Main sights.

The church San Juan Bautista (John the Baptist) de Telde is the true spiritual centre of Telde. Located in the square of the same name and founded in 1483, the old church was erected by the Garcia del Castillo family at the time of the town's foundation. It still has the original gateway, an example of Sevillian-Portuguese Gothic architecture. The towers, however, are an example of early 20th neo-Gothic construction. The real marvels are inside the building: the statue of Christ on the main altar, made from corn dough by the Purépecha Mexican Indians, brought here before 1550, the Flemish Gothic main altar, which dates back to before 1516, and the triptych of the Virgin Mary, brought from Flanders, also in the 16th century, depicting five religious scenes.  Telde has 101 archaeological sites and 709 listed sites of ethnographic interest. The number of sites increases each year, as do new aspects of old fields, but most are in disrepair and many are disappearing. Some of the most prominent are the coastal town of Tufia, in good condition and extensively excavated by archaeologists; Four Doors ("Cuatro Puertas"), a large cave with four doors located on top of a mountain overlooking the plain adjoined to a village of cave houses with collective barn at the back; the caves of Tara and Cendro, remains of the ancient centre of population; the town of Draguillo on the border with Ingenio; "las cuevas Chalasia" which consist of a labyrinthine series of artificial caves linked by tunnels; and the impressive necropolis of Jinámar which includes more than 500 tombs of various types.

Climate.

Telde has a moderate desert climate.

Education.

Lycée Français René-Verneau, the French international school of Gran Canaria, is located in Telde.

Telde is a town and a municipality in the eastern part of the island of Gran Canaria, Canary Islands, overseas (Atlantic) insular Spain.

Telde je město na ostrově Gran Canaria, který patří ke španělskému autonomnímu společenství Kanárské ostrovy. Je centrem stejnojmenné obce, kde žije přes 100 000 obyvatel; je druhým největším městem na ostrově po Las Palmas de Gran Canaria a čtvrtým největším na Kanárských ostrovech po Las Palmas, Santa Cruz de Tenerife a San Cristóbal de La Laguna.