Plot.

is a fictional high school situated in Tokyo Bay, Japan on the island of Honnō City. The school is dominated by its fearsome student council led by their president Satsuki Kiryuin. Its students wear which give their wearers superhuman abilities because they are constructed with a special material known as. Vagrant transfer student Ryuko Matoi, who wields a scissor-shaped longsword that can cut Goku Uniforms, challenges the council as she searches for her father's killer. Although she is initially easily defeated by Takaharu Fukuroda, she finds a sentient sailor uniform that she names Senketsu, a which is completely made of Life Fibers and transforms her so that she can face Kiryuin and her trials and obstacles. She is befriended by her hyperactive classmate Mako Mankanshoku and lives with her family.  When Satsuki reorganizes the allocation of Goku Uniforms through a battle royal and king-of-the-hill event known as Naturals Election, Ryuko faces the members of Satsuki's Elite Four, who wear powerful Three-Star Goku Uniforms, in a series of duels. Her final fight is interrupted by Nui Harime, the wielder of the other Scissor Blade and the murderer of Ryuko's father. In the ensuing fight, Ryuko transforms into an uncontrollable monster.  With the Tri-City Schools Raid, Satsuki annexes the major schools in the other regions of Japan, and quashes, a paramilitary organization led by Ryuko's homeroom teacher Aikuro Mikisugi. She arranges for a festival that will host her mother Ragyo, the academy's director and the CEO of, a clothing manufacturer that has dominated the worldwide market. Mikisugi reveals that the Life Fibers, which have been woven into all REVOCS clothing, are actually alien parasites that consume their wearers. When they devour the festival audience, Satsuki turns on her mother, revealing her end goal to have always been destroying Ragyo, but the rebellion is short-lived as Ragyo has fused with the Life Fibers to attain tremendous power. Ragyo recognizes Ryuko as her own daughter and Satsuki's younger sister, who survived the termination of a Life Fiber experiment and was raised in secrecy by Ragyo's missing husband, Isshin Matoi.  A month later, Ragyo and the Life Fibers have devastated Japan and have captured Satsuki, leaving the Elite Four without Goku Uniforms and forced to hide out with Ryuko and the others at Nudist Beach. When they rescue Satsuki, Ragyo captures and brainwashes Ryuko into fighting her. After Ryuko frees herself, she and Satsuki challenge Ragyo, who plans to use a space satellite to command all Life Fibers to consume their human hosts and detonate the Earth in order to propagate the Life Fibers throughout the universe. After taking down the satellite transmitter and blasting the cocoon that houses the Original Life Fiber, Ragyo absorbs Nui and flies in to space to manually activate the satellite, but Ryuko chases Ragyo and defeats her, causing the Life Fiber clothes to perish. Following the battle, Senketsu sacrifices himself and burns up on atmospheric re-entry to return Ryuko to Earth.  In a follow-up OVA episode, Ragyo's secretary Rei Hououmaru disrupts Honnouji Academy's graduation ceremony, using leftover Life Fibers to create doppelgängers of Satsuki and the Elite Four. However, they are defeated by Ryuko, the real Elite Four, and Nudist Beach, and Satsuki convinces Rei to abandon her struggle. Honnouji Academy is shut down during the sinking of Honnō City, and everyone leaves to live out normal lives.

Development.

The anime television project, directed by Hiroyuki Imaishi at his animation studio, Trigger, was first teased in the March 2013 issue of Kadokawa Shoten's "Newtype" magazine released on February 7, 2013. "Kill la Kill" was officially announced on May 8, 2013, with scripts written by Kazuki Nakashima and character designs by Sushio.  According to director Imaishi, much of the plot is based on his observation that the Japanese manner of pronouncing is nearly the same as the word, his observation that the pronunciation of the Japanese words and are identical, and that the titular may mean,, or.

Release.

Broadcast.

"Kill la Kill" aired in Japan on MBS' Animeism programming block between October 4, 2013 and March 28, 2014. It also aired on TBS, CBC and BS-TBS.  The series is licensed in North America by Aniplex of America, who simulcast the series on Daisuki.net, and streamed it on Crunchyroll, and Hulu. The series aired on Adult Swim's Toonami block in the United States from February 8 to August 2, 2015. It started airing on Viceland UK on October 16, 2017.

Home media.

Japanese.

The video release on Blu-ray Disc and DVD began on January 8, 2014. Soundtrack CDs are included with the first and fifth volumes, making-of documentary DVDs are included with the third, seventh, and ninth volumes, and drama CDs are included with the second, fourth, sixth, and eighth volumes. An original video animation episode was released as part of the ninth volume on September 3, 2014.

English.

The series was released in five BD/DVD volumes in North America. The first volume was released on July 15, 2014, in limited edition BD/DVD combo packs including soundtrack CDs, as well as standard Blu-ray Disc and DVD releases. At Anime Expo 2014 held in Los Angeles, Aniplex premiered the first English dub episode, and hosted a performance by theme song singer Eir Aoi, and a panel with script writer Kazuki Nakashima, director Sushio, producer Yosuke Toba, and voice actresses Ami Koshimizu and Ryoka Yuzuki.  The series is licensed in the United Kingdom and France by Anime Limited, and was simulcast on Wakanim, later receiving a digital release on Netflix. The series was released on Blu-ray and DVD in three Collector's Edition sets, the first part was originally slated for a December 8, 2014 release date but was moved up to November 17, 2014. Subsequently, the release was pushed forward a further two weeks to see the first release being available in the UK on November 3, 2014, while the Blu-ray version was pushed back by a full month to December 1, 2014.  In Australia and New Zealand, the series is licensed by Madman Entertainment, who simulcasted the series on Madman Screening Room, and later released the series digitally on AnimeLab. The series was released on Blu-ray and DVD, and mirrored the release pattern of the North American releases. The first volume was released on October 15, 2014.

Media.

Soundtrack.

Music for the series is composed by Hiroyuki Sawano. For the first fifteen episodes, the opening theme is by Eir Aoi, while the ending theme is by Miku Sawai. From episode 16 onwards, the opening theme is "ambiguous" by Garnidelia, a duo consisting of vocalist Maria and composer, and the ending theme is by Sayonara Ponytail, though an extended version of the original ending theme returns for the last portion of episode 24. Aoi's song "Sanbika" was used as an insert song to accompany climactic events in episodes 3, 7, 11 and 23.  The first soundtrack album was published on December 25, 2013. Aniplex USA also released the CD on January 17, 2014. It features 18 tracks, including six vocal songs performed in English and German. The background music tracks feature titles that are typographical variants of "Kill la Kill".  The second soundtrack album was released in Japan as part of the fifth DVD/Blu-ray disc set on May 7, 2014. It also features versions of the vocal tracks from the first album, among other background music.

Manga.

A manga adaptation illustrated by Ryō Akizuki began serialization in Kadokawa Shoten's "Young Ace" magazine on October 4, 2013. The series ended with the seventeenth chapter on February 4, 2015. Udon Entertainment has licensed the manga adaptation.

Video game.

A video game adaptation titled was announced at the Anime Expo between July 5–8, 2018. The game was published by Arc System Works and developed by A+ Games, who developed "", also based on another anime by Trigger. It was released on PlayStation 4, Nintendo Switch, and PC in Japan on July 25, 2019, and in North America and Europe the next day. In Europe, the game was published by PQube. "Kill la Kill the Game: IF" also received an English dub. The game's storyline takes place during the events of episode 3, depicting Satsuki being placed by Junketsu in artificial reality that follows the anime storyline with slight deviations.

Reception.

"Kill la Kill" was well received by critics. Eliot Gay of "Japanator" called the "uniquely fun, even gripping" series "a reminder of how fun and creative anime can be at its best", despite the readily apparent budget constraints. Kat Bailey of IGN, describing the series as "magical girl anime on speed", noted that its over-the-top absurdity was part of its charm. Joseph Luster of "Otaku USA" described the series's concept as "mostly straightforward setup for revenge and shonen-style'stronger! STRONGER!' battle progression", but praised its execution. Richard Eisenbeis of "Kotaku" appreciated the series for "perfectly mixing comedy and action", its pacing, internal consistency and over-the-top straightforward adaptation of standard action anime tropes.  The animation of fight scenes and character movements, as well as the "keen selection of music", were particularly praised by Robert Frazer of "UK Anime Network", The site selected it as the 2013 UK Anime Network Awards winner in the "Best streaming anime" category. Carl Kimlinger of "Anime News Network" also appreciated the inventive and funny animation and the series's "retro shonen action pushed to (...) loony, hyperactive extremes". Michael Logarta of GMA News Online likewise noted the "superb pacing", to-the-point storytelling and well-realized characters in the series's "whirlwind of gorgeous visuals, story, and unfettered insanity".  "Kill la Kill" won multiple prizes during the 4th Newtype Anime Awards, including Best Character Design (Sushio), Best Script (Kazuki Nakashima), Best Sound, and Best Picture (TV Broadcast). It placed second for Best Theme Song ("Sirius"), Best Director (Hiroyuki Imaishi) and Best Studio (Trigger). In the Best Mascot category, Senketsu placed third and Guts placed ninth. In Best Character (female), Ryuko placed second, and Mako placed third.

The series is Trigger's first original anime television project, directed by Hiroyuki Imaishi and written by Kazuki Nakashima, both of whom had previously worked together on "Gurren Lagann" in 2007 and would go on to do "Promare" in 2019. It aired in Japan between October 4, 2013 and March 28, 2014.

Kill la Kill ( キルラキル, "Kiru ra Kiru") je japonský anime seriál studia Trigger, jež založili bývalí zaměstnanci studia Gainax. Jedná se o jejich první počin na poli televizních seriálů. Seriál se vysílal od října 2013 do března 2014.


Geography.

The most striking feature of the town's geography is the high rocky promontory pointing eastward into the North Sea. The promontory supports the 11th-century ruins of Scarborough Castle and divides the seafront into two bays, north and south.  The South Bay was the site of the original medieval settlement and harbour, which form the old town. This remains the main tourist area, with a sandy beach, cafés, amusements, arcades, theatres and entertainment facilities. The modern commercial town centre has migrated north-west of the harbour area and above it and contains the transport hubs, main services, shopping and nightlife. The harbour has undergone major regeneration including the new Albert Strange Pontoons, a more pedestrian-friendly promenade, street lighting and seating.  The North Bay has traditionally been the more peaceful end of the resort and is home to Peasholm Park which, in June 2007, was restored to its Japanese-themed glory, complete with reconstructed pagoda, a new boat house was added in 2018. For many years a mock maritime battle (based on the Battle of the River Plate) has been regularly re-enacted on the boating lake with large model boats and fireworks throughout the summer holiday season. The North Bay Railway is a miniature railway running from the park through Northstead Manor Gardens to the Sea Life Centre at Scalby Mills. The North Bay Railway has what is believed to be the oldest operational diesel-hydraulic locomotive in the world. Neptune was built in 1931 by Hudswell Clarke of Leeds and is appropriately numbered 1931.  Northstead Manor Gardens include the North Bay Railway and three other attractions: a water chute, a boating lake with boats for hire during the summer season and an open-air theatre. The water chute is now grade II listed and is one of the oldest surviving water chutes in Britain,

History.

Origins.

The town was reportedly founded around 966 AD as "Skarðaborg" by Thorgils Skarthi, a Viking raider, though there is no archaeological evidence to support these claims, made during the 1960s, as part of a pageant of Scarborough events. The origin of this belief is a fragment of an Icelandic Saga. In the 4th century

Medieval.

Scarborough recovered under King Henry II, who built an Angevin stone castle on the headland and granted the town charters in 1155 and 1163, permitting a market on the sands and establishing rule by burgesses. Edward II granted Scarborough Castle to his favourite, Piers Gaveston. The castle was subsequently besieged by forces led by the barons Percy, Warenne, Clifford and Pembroke. Gaveston was

Resort development.

Scarborough and its castle changed hands seven times between Royalists and Parliamentarians during the English Civil War of the 1640s, enduring two lengthy and violent sieges. Following the civil war, much of the town lay in ruins.  In 1626, Mrs Thomasin Farrer discovered a stream of acidic water running from one of the cliffs to the south of the town. This gave birth to Scarborough Spa, and Dr Robert Wittie's book about the spa waters published in 1660 attracted a flood of visitors to the town. Scarborough Spa became Britain's first seaside resort, though the first rolling bathing machines were not noted on the sands until 1735. It was a popular getaway destination for the wealthy

Architecture.

When the Grand Hotel was completed in 1867 it was one of the largest hotels in the world and one of the first giant purpose-built hotels in Europe. Four towers represent the seasons, 12 floors represent the months, 52 chimneys represent the weeks and originally 365

Maritime events.

During the First World War, the town was bombarded by German warships of the High Seas Fleet, an act which shocked the British (see Raid on Scarborough, Hartlepool and Whitby). Scarborough Pier Lighthouse, built in 1806, was damaged in the attack.  In 1929 the steam drifter "Ascendent" caught a tunny (Atlantic bluefin tuna) and a Scarborough showman awarded the crew 50 shillings so he could exhibit it as a tourist attraction. Big-game tunny fishing off Scarborough effectively started in 1930 when Lorenzo "Lawrie" Mitchell–Henry, landed a tunny caught on rod and line weighing. A gentlemen's club, the British Tunny Club, was founded in 1933 and set

Climate.

The climate is temperate with mild summers and cool, windy, winters. The hottest months of the year are July and August, with temperatures reaching an average high of 17 °C

Economy.

Scarborough's fishing industry is still active, though much reduced in size. The working harbour is home to a fish market including a shop and wooden stalls where fresh, locally-caught seafood can be purchased by the public. A seaweed farm has been in operation since 2018, with a licence to go into a large-scale commercial operation from 2019. SeaGrown have an intent to move into the bioplastics market.  The tourism trade continues to be a major part of the local economy with Scarborough being the second most-visited destination in England by British holidaymakers. While weekend and mid-week-break trade are tending to replace the traditional week-long family holiday, the beaches and attractions are always very busy throughout summer, a marked contrast to the quieter winter months when Scarborough is often seen as a peaceful bolt-hole from cities such as Leeds and Bradford.  Scarborough's town centre has many major shopping chains alongside boutique independent shops. As well as a main pedestrianised shopping street (home to various chain stores and eateries) and the Brunswick shopping centre, boutique stores can be found on Bar Street and St Thomas Street. The town also has an indoor market with a large range of antique shops and independent traders in its vaults, and a smaller market on the South Bay. Boyes, a discount department store chain which has over 65 stores across the north is based at Eastfield, on the outskirts of Scarborough. Its flagship store is located in Queen Street.

Industries.

Manufacturers based in Scarborough include the Plaxton Company (a division of Alexander Dennis) which has been building coaches and buses since 1907

Creative industries.

Creative industries have been cited as playing a vital role in the regeneration of Scarborough; a report in 2005 estimated that they comprised 19% of the town's economy. They were also a major focus of Scarborough's winning entry in the 2008 Enterprising Britain competition, with representatives from Woodend Creative Workspace and

Media.

The principal newspaper is "The Scarborough News", with a history dating back to July 1882, and can trace its origins from the "Scarborough Evening News".  Scarborough is home to local commercial radio station, Yorkshire Coast Radio which provides a daily news service for the town with a team of journalists based at its studios in

Digital connectivity.

Scarborough's recent investment in digital connectivity is significant. The town has the UK's first free Wi-Fi seafront and harbour area and one of Europe's fastest internet connections (100MB).

Healthcare.

Scarborough General Hospital is the local district general NHS hospital. It is run by the York Teaching Hospital NHS Foundation Trust and is the

Demography.

The population of the town (comprising Castle, Central, Eastfield, Falsgrave Park, Newby, North Bay, Northstead, Ramshill, Stepney, Weaponness and Woodlands wards) is just over 60,000. However, the Borough of Scarborough, which includes the coastal

Transport.

Scarborough has four major roads serving the town; these also link it to other major towns and cities.  Scarborough railway station is close to the town centre and runs services from York, Leeds, Manchester and Liverpool on the North TransPennine Express route and from Hull on the Yorkshire Coast Line. It has the longest station seat in the world at 152 yards (139 m) in length. The town used to be connected to Whitby via the Scarborough and Whitby Railway along the Yorkshire coast, however this was closed down in 1965 due to the Beeching cuts. There is also a railway

Culture.

Live theatre.

Dramatist Alan Ayckbourn has lived in Scarborough for many years. He has produced seventy-five plays in Scarborough and was the artistic director of the famous Stephen Joseph Theatre, where almost all his plays receive their first performance. Chris Monks took

Cinema.

, Scarborough has two cinemas, the Hollywood Plaza and the Stephen Joseph Theatre.  A third, the Futurist Theatre,

Creative arts and museums.

Scarborough has a long-established museum and visual-arts facilities. Wood End, the former home of The Sitwells, was converted into the Woodend museum, a creative centre including workspace for artists and the digital cluster, plus an exhibition space. The Rotunda Museum underwent a multimillion-pound redevelopment to become a national centre for geology.

Music.

The Grade II listed Scarborough Spa complex is home to the Scarborough Spa Orchestra, the last remaining seaside orchestra in the UK. The orchestra gives ten concerts every week during the summer months, playing music from an extensive repertoire of classical and light music with no programme repeats. It became famous during the 1950s and 1960s when concerts from the Palm Court in Scarborough were frequently featured on BBC radio, conducted by Max Jaffa. Former conductors include the composer of the waltz 'Nights of Gladness', Charles Ancliffe.  The globally successful pop / soul singer Robert Palmer spent his teenage years in Scarborough, attending Scarborough Boys' High School.  In November 1987 the town was chosen as the venue for the first-ever Eurovision fan club convention. Members of the then fan club, Europa-UK, gathered

Notable events.

Sci-Fi Scarborough.

Since 2014 Scarborough has hosted its own "Unconventional Convention" at The Spa Complex. It

Seafest.

Seafest is an annual festival which takes place at West Pier and around the harbour area in July. It celebrates the region's fishing history and hosts a large gathering of folk singers, shantymen and

Heroes Welcome UK.

Heroes Welcome is a movement which originated in and is administered from Scarborough to encourage communities to demonstrate support to members of the armed forces. In 2008 a hand-drawn poster stating ""Heroes Welcome Here"" was displayed in a Scarborough seafront restaurant. From this gesture has evolved a national

Armed Forces Day.

Since 2009 Scarborough has hosted the armed forces day event on the last Saturday of June which includes a display of army vehicles and

Tour de Yorkshire.

Scarborough is the only town to have hosted either

Location for filming.

The films "Little Voice", "Possession", and "A Chorus of Disapproval" were filmed on location in Scarborough and surrounds. Also filmed in the district were scenes from "An Inspector Calls", "Miranda", "Dancing Queen", "Beltenbros", "The Brides in the Bath" and "The Damned United". Television series filmed in the area include "Heartbeat", its spin-off series "The Royal", "CBBC"'s "All at Sea", BBC1's "Rosie", BBC1's "Remember Me" and scenes from the second series

Twinning.

Scarborough is twinned with:

Education.

The four main state secondary schools in Scarborough are Graham School, George Pindar School, Scalby School, and St Augustine's Catholic School. Raincliffe School formally closed on 31 August 2012, merging with Graham School (the Raincliffe site closed completely on 23 June 2017). In September 2016, Scarborough University Technical College (UTC) opened for 14–18-year olds. The campus is part of a £47 million pound development including Coventry University Scarborough Campus and a sports village in the Weaponness Valley.  Scarborough is also home to one private school, Scarborough College (for ages 3 to 18 years). Scarborough College abolished A-levels and has been an International Baccalaureate (IB) World School since June 2006. Ranked within Top 50 independent schools by The Times based on

Sport.

The Scarborough Amateur Rowing Club was founded in May 1869, and is the oldest surviving rowing club on the north-east coast. For more than 100 years, sea rowing has taken place on the Yorkshire coast between the Tees and the Humber. Beginning with friendly rivalry between the fishermen and the jet miners from Blyth (the German Ocean Race), the sport has progressed to what it is today. More recent successes for the club include Bob Hewitt, who now competes as a lightweight rower for the national team. In 2006 the club finally won the acclaimed Wilson Cup, until then held by rival clubs in neighbouring town Whitby for over eighty years. Rowing takes place throughout the summer months.  The Blue Riband event for Scarborough Yacht Club, is the annual 210 nautical mile race, from the town, to IJmuiden in the Netherlands. The Yacht Club is based in the old keepers' accommodation adjoining Scarborough Pier Lighthouse in the harbour.  Scarborough is home to the Oliver's Mount racing circuit. This track is composed of twisty public roads and has played host to domestic motorcycling and rallying events for many years. Noted motorcycle racers who have raced at Oliver's Mount include Barry Sheene, Ron Haslam and Guy Martin. The town was the home of the 2nd RAC Rally in 1952. In March 2019 newly formed motorcycle racing club, Two Four Three Road Racing Association was granted a lease to run road races at the venue, they plan to restart road racing at the venue in July 2019 after a year's absence.  Scarborough Cricket Club have won the ECB National Club Cricket Championship at Lord's, on five occasions between 1972 and 1982, a record number of victories. The club also hosts the annual Scarborough Cricket Festival, and Yorkshire play at North Marine Road, in a selection of home fixtures throughout the season. The club has competed in the Yorkshire Premier League North since 2016. The club has enjoyed great success in the Yorkshire League, in the past.  The former Scarborough Football Club enjoyed a career in the Football League during the 1990s before being relegated to the Conference North in 2006 and to the Northern Premier League the following year. One of its greatest achievements was winning the FA Trophy at Wembley Stadium on three occasions and being runners-up on one. They were also the first club to win automatic promotion to the Football League, when in 1987 they were promoted as champions of the GM Vauxhall Conference. In 2007 a new club, Scarborough Athletic, was formed and they play their home matches at the Flamingo Land Stadium, in the town.  In 2007, the town hosted the World Thundercat Championships (for inflatable powerboats), and similar events in 2008 and 2015. Scarborough Rugby Union Football Club moved to a new £4-million ground development, on the outskirts of town in January 2009 (Silver Royd), the club is very ambitious and reached the semi-finals of the RFU Intermediate Cup, in 2015. The venue is also home to Scarborough Athletic Club and many sports facilities. The nationally achieving Scarborough Gymnastics Academy, has a highly developed specialist facility in the west of the town. Scarborough Sports Centre was a past venue for international tennis tournaments, attracting such stars as Fred Perry, Rod Laver and Pancho Gonzales. Scarborough Indoor Bowls Centre is utilized for a variety of events, throughout the year.  The town has two principal golf courses, North Cliff and South Cliff, plus some smaller ventures. Ganton Golf Club, which has hosted tournaments such as the Ryder Cup and Walker Cup, is situated approximately 8 miles to the west of Scarborough.  George Pindar School, which is based at Eastfield, is a Sports Community College, and is home to Scarborough Pirates ARLFC, Scarborough Seahawks Basketball and formerly Scarborough Hockey Club, who are now at Scarborough College. The centre also has a tennis facility. Scarborough Table Tennis Centre is located at Graham School.  A national martial arts organisation, The Empire Martial Arts Association, is based in Scarborough.  The Tourist Information Centre in the South Bay is the finishing point of The White Rose Way, a long distance walk from Leeds.  Scarborough was the finishing point, for Stage 1 of the inaugural 2015 Tour de Yorkshire, hosted on 1 May, and has hosted a stage finish every year since.  A sports village based in Weaponness Valley, that is now the home stadium of Scarborough Athletic, was opened in July 2017.  In recent decades, due to frequent low pressure systems in the North Atlantic, Scarborough has also become home to a thriving cold water surfing scene with numerous surf shops and competitions taking place including the King of The Point, a big wave contest designed to show off the quality of surf the North Yorkshire coast can receive.

Scarborough () is a town on the North Sea coast of North Yorkshire, England. Historically part of the North Riding of Yorkshire, the town lies between 10–230 feet (3–70 m) above sea level, rising steeply northward and westward from the harbour on to limestone cliffs. The older part of the town lies around the harbour and is protected by a rocky headland.

Konžské království ("Kongo dya ntotila") bylo prvním domorodým křesťanským státem rovníkové Afriky. Vytvořil ho kmen Bakongo, vládce se jmenoval "manikongo". Hlavním městem byla Mbanza Kongo, po přijetí křesťanství přejmenovaná na Sao Salvador.


History.

A local newspaper is published in the city since 1930.  Starting Mid-April 2014 pro-Russian separatists captured several towns in Luhansk Oblast; including Pervomaisk. The following 2014 Donbass status referendums was not held in Pervomaisk. On 25 July 2014 Kyiv Post reported that heavy fighting for the town was imminent since the separatists had been chased by the Ukrainian army from nearby towns and intended to make Pervomaisk their "last stand with the military". Fighting for the control of the town between the separatists and the Ukrainian army indeed broke out on 28 July 2014. On 12 August 2014, Ukrainian forces reportedly secured the city from the pro-Russian separatists. But 3 days later the Ukrainian authorities stated that there were still separatists in the city but that "soon this city shall be released". On the other hand, (also on 15 August 2014) pro-Russian Twitter accounts claimed a wide-ranging pro-Russian separatists counterattack was taken place in Pervomaisk (and other towns). Dmytro Tymchuk confirmed that "armed clashes continue near Pervomaisk" on 15 August 2014. The Ukrainian Army did not manage to capture the city. Between the end of July and 5 September 2014 there was heavy fire by the Ukrainian army against the residential areas, since the Lugansk People's Republic separatists deliberately stationed their military units in residential areas.  In early January 2015 the civilian population was estimated at between 10,000-20,000, and Russian human rights campaigner and the chairman of the Memorial Oleg Orlov reported on the destruction evident in the town and on the acute food shortage. The mayor, Yevgeny Ishchenko, was killed with three other people in January 2015. The subsequent report of the Memorial stated that the city was almost destroyed and almost no intact buildings were standing as a result of continuous attacks by the Ukrainian army. The population was not evacuated, and its situation was described as a catastrophe. According to a late September 2015 "Russian Roulette Dispatch" (by Vice News) at the time much of Pervomaisk was deprived of electricity and residents complained that only once a week they received water from water trucks.

Geography.

Through the north-western outskirts of the city pass a separating line of the forces in the Donbass

Demographics.

Ethnicity as of the Ukrainian Census of 2001:  Native language as of the 2001 census:

Pervomaisk (, ) is a city in Luhansk Oblast, Ukraine, on the left bank of the Luhan river. Since 2014, the city is controlled by the self-proclaimed Luhansk People's Republic. Population:. As of 2001, the population was 38,800. Northeast of Pervomaisk, there is the static inverter plant of HVDC Volgograd-Donbass.

Pervomajsk (; dříve Oleksandrivka a Petro-Marjivka) je město v Luhanské oblasti na Ukrajině. Leží v oblasti Donbasu na levém břehu Luhaně zhruba 76 kilometrů na západ od Luhanska a 120 kilometrů severozápadně od Doněcka. V roce 2013 v něm žilo 38 tisíc obyvatel.


Career.

Born in Durham City, he later moved to Blackpool, Lancashire where other future band members of Jethro Tull also lived including, Ian Anderson, Barriemore Barlow, John Evan and Jeffrey Hammond.  In the 1960s he played guitar with The Executives, a Blackpool-based Mod band who recorded a handful of singles with frontman Roy Carr and future Jethro Tull bassist Glenn Cornick.  Williams originally auditioned to join Jethro Tull in 1968 along with Martin Barre. He also brought out a single, "Lazy River". From 1970 to 1971 he played bass guitar with the band Requiem.  In 1972 Williams joined Stealers Wheel, which had been formed earlier that year in Paisley, Renfrewshire by former school friends Gerry Rafferty and Joe Egan. Williams helped record their self-styled debut album "Stealers Wheel", which was produced by the influential American songwriters and producers Leiber & Stoller. Williams left Stealers Wheel a year later. In 1978 he joined Jethro Tull, replacing John Glascock who was unwell, at the request of Ian Anderson. He joined them on their tour of North America before returning to studio work and television production. After being contacted by iTunes and K-tel records in California, and following negotiations which started in 2006, Williams re-formed Stealers Wheel in Blackpool in 2008 with two other original band members, Rod Coombes and Paul Pilnick together with locally based musician and songwriter Tony Mitchell. On 10 November 2008 they started filming a music video for a re-release of "Stuck in the Middle" on the Fylde coast. They also began writing songs for a new album to be released in 2009, although they have no plans to go on tour.

Personal life.

Williams works in elephant conservation, and has worked as a Public Relations advisor, based at Blackpool Zoo, for the British and Irish Association of Zoos and Aquariums. In 2007 he was elected as a local councillor in Blackpool. He was re-elected in 2011 and is currently the Leader of the Conservative Group on Blackpool Borough Council and a board member of the Arts Council North West

Anthony Williams (born 19 August 1947 in Durham, England) is an English musician who plays bass guitar in the folk rock/rock band Stealers Wheel and who also played with Jethro Tull.

Anthony „Tony“ Williams (* 19. srpna 1947 v Durhamu, Anglie) je anglický hudebník který hraje na baskytaru ve folk rockové skupině Stealers Wheel a hrál také se skupinou Jethro Tull.


History.

In 2007, the Macedonian government announced plans to reconstruct the Army House, which together with the Old Theatre (also being reconstructed on the other side of Macedonia Square, across the Vardar River) that was severely destroyed in the 1963 Skopje earthquake.  In December 2008, a flagpole with the Macedonian flag was erected on Macedonia Square, near the Stone Bridge, as it was done on 68 other important locations throughout the country.  On 2 May 2010, two monuments of Goce Delčev and Dame Gruev were erected near the Stone Bridge. The Centar Municipality built a high monument of a Warrior on a Horse and fountain which was unveiled on 8 September 2011, on the 20-year anniversary of Macedonia's independence referendum from Yugoslavia.  The three main streets that merge onto the square are Maksim Gorki, Dimitar Vlahov and Street Macedonia. Dimitar Vlahov Street was converted into a pedestrian street in 2011. Maksim Gorki, while not a pedestrian zone, is lined with Japanese Cherry trees, whose blossoms in spring mark a week-long series of Asian cultural events. Finally, Macedonia Street, the main pedestrian street, connects Macedonia Square to the Old Railway Station (destroyed by the 1963 earthquake), which houses the City of Skopje Museum. Along Macedonia Street is the Mother Teresa Memorial House, which features an exhibit of artefacts from Mother Teresa's life. Mother Teresa's original family home was located near Macedonia Square, and a plaque marking the location can be found today. A feudal tower from the Middle Ages next to the Mother Teresa House still stands today, surprisingly withstanding the devastating 1963 earthquake. The most popular tourist walk starts from the Old Railway Station down Macedonia Street, past the Mother Teresa Memorial House and Feudal Tower, past Mother Teresa's birth house location, down Macedonia Square, across the Stone Bridge, past the Holocaust Museum, Museum of Macedonian Independence, towards the Turkish Bazaar and ending at the Kale Fortress. The reconstructed Old Theater and the new Archaeological Museum add additional cultural landmarks along the main tourist vertical.  In May 2010, Marriott Hotels announced the construction of the first Marriott Hotel in the Balkans in Skopje on Macedonia Square.

Macedonia Square (Macedonian: Плоштад Македонија, "Ploštad Makedonija") is the main square of Skopje, the capital of North Macedonia. The square is the biggest in North Macedonia with total 18.500 m. It is located in the central part of the city, and it crosses the Vardar River. The Christmas festivals are always held there and it commonly serves as the site of cultural, political and other events. The independence from Yugoslavia was declared here by the first president of Macedonia, Kiro Gligorov. The square is part of the Skopje 2014 project.

Náměstí Makedonie () je hlavní náměstí v severomakedonské metropoli Skopje. Nachází se v centru města, na břehu řeky Vardaru. Na rozdíl od celé řady jiných náměstí, která vznikla z přirozených otevřených prostranství a trhů, vzniklo Náměstí Makedonie uměle během existence meziválečné Jugoslávie. Centrální část města, nesoucího po staletí orientální ráz, byla zbourána, a na jeho místě vzniklo rozsáhlé náměstí, obklopené evropskými budovami a paláci (dnes se z nich dochoval pouze Ristićův palác; Palác Mazura a Dům důstojníků padly za oběť rozsáhlému zemětřesení).


Youth career.

Sigma Olomouc.

Ševčík started his career with Sigma Olomouc. Ševčík was part of the squad of players born in 1993 that managed to win the U-17 as well as the U-19 Czech National Youth league. Adam Ševčík belonged to the key members of this victorious squad, scoring many important goals upon winning the titles.

Club career.

Sigma Olomouc.

Ševčík made his debut for Sigma Olomouc in a friendly match on 12 July 2014, coming on as a substitute in the 64th minute in a 2–1 victory against the IFA international football team.

Loan to 1. SC Znojmo.

On 30 January 2013 Ševčík was loaned out to 1. SC Znojmo. At the age of 19 Adam Ševčík made persuasive performances, contributing to Znojmo's promotion to the Czech First League.

Loan to FC Nitra.

On 1 July 2013 Ševčík was loaned out to FC Nitra playing the Slovakian first league. Ševčík made his Corgoň Liga debut in a 4:0 loss against FK AS Trenčín. Ševčík went on to play 7 matches during his loan spell in Slovakia.

Loan to SK Hanácká Slavia Kroměříž.

In August 2014, Ševčík was sent on loan to SK Hanácká Slavia Kroměříž for the fall part of the 2014/2015 season.

International career.

Czech Republic U19.

On 17 April 2012 Ševčík was called up for U-19 Czech National team. He made his debut in a 0:0 draw against Germany.

Adam Ševčík (born 24 January 1993) is a Czech footballer who plays as a striker for 1. SK Prostějov on loan from FK Baník Sokolov.

Adam Ševčík (* 24. ledna 1993, Olomouc) je český fotbalový útočník, v současnosti působící v FK Baník Sokolov na hostování z SK Sigma Olomouc.


Description.

Tapping is an extended technique, executed by using either hand to 'tap' the strings against the fingerboard, thus producing legato notes. Tapping generally incorporates pull-offs or hammer-ons. For example, a right-handed guitarist might press down abruptly ("hammer") onto fret twelve with the index finger of the right hand and, in the motion of removing that finger, pluck ("pull") the same string already fretted at the eighth fret by the little finger of their left hand. This finger would be removed in the same way, pulling off to the fifth fret. Thus the three notes (E, C and A) are played in quick succession at relative ease to the player.  While tapping is most commonly observed on electric guitar, it may apply to almost any string instrument, and several instruments have been created specifically to use the method. The Bunker Touch-Guitar (developed by Dave Bunker in 1958) is designed for the technique, but with an elbow rest to hold the right arm in the conventional guitar position. The Chapman Stick (developed in the early 1970s by Emmett Chapman) is an instrument designed primarily for tapping, and is based on the "Free Hands" two-handed tapping method invented by Chapman in 1969 where each hand approaches the fretboard with the fingers aligned parallel to the frets. The Hamatar, Mobius Megatar, Box Guitar, and Solene instruments were designed for the same method. The NS/Stick and Warr Guitar are also built for tapping, though not exclusively. The harpejji is a tapping instrument which is played on a stand, like a keyboard, with fingers typically parallel to the strings rather than perpendicular. All of these instruments use string tensions less than a standard guitar, and low action to increase the strings' sensitivity to lighter tapping.  Some guitarists may choose to tap using the sharp edge of their pick instead of fingers to produce a faster, more rigid flurry of notes closer to that of trilling, with a technique known as pick tapping. Guitarist John "5" Lowery has been known to use it, and has nicknamed it a "Spider-Tap".

History.

Tapping has existed in some form or another for centuries. Niccolò Paganini (1782-1840) used similar techniques on the violin, striking the string with a bouncing bow articulated by left-hand pizzicato. Paganini considered himself a better guitarist than violinist, and in fact wrote several compositions for guitar, most famously the "Grand Sonata for Violin and Guitar." His guitar compositions are rarely performed in modern times, though his violin compositions enjoy multiple performances. Some musicologists believe he wrote his 37 violin sonatas on guitar and then transcribed them for violin. Well known to frequent taverns, Paganini was likely exposed to gypsy guitar techniques from Romani, "gypsies." He preferred playing his guitar for tavern customers instead of audiences.  Similar to two-hand tapping, "selpe" technique is used in Turkish folk music on the instrument called the "bağlama".  Tapping techniques and solos on various stringed acoustic instruments such as the banjo have been documented in film, records, and performances throughout the early 20th century. Various musicians have been suggested as the originators of modern two-hand tapping. While one of the earliest players known to use the technique was Roy Smeck (who used a tapping style on a ukulele in the 1932 film "Club House Party"), electric pickup designer Harry DeArmond developed a two-handed method as a way of demonstrating the sensitivity of his pickups. His friend Jimmie Webster, a designer and demonstrator for Gretsch guitars, made recordings in the 1950s using DeArmond's technique, which he described in the instructional book "Touch Method for Electric and Amplified Spanish Guitar", published in 1952.  Vittorio Camardese developed his own two-handed tapping in the early 1960s, and demonstrated it in 1965 during an Italian television show.  Tapping was occasionally employed by many 1950s and 1960s jazz guitarists such as Barney Kessel, who was an early supporter of Emmett Chapman.  In August 1969, Chapman developed a new way of two-handed tapping with both hands held perpendicular to the neck from opposite sides, thus enabling equal counterpoint capabilities for each hand. To maximize the technique, Chapman designed a 9-string long-scale electric guitar which he called "the Electric Stick" (and later refined as the Chapman Stick), the most popular dedicated tapping instrument. Chapman's style aligns the right-hand fingers parallel to the frets, as on the left hand, but from the opposite side of the neck. His discovery led to complete counterpoint capability, and a new instrument, the Chapman Stick, and to his "Free Hands" method. Chapman influenced several tapping guitarists, including Steve Lynch of the band Autograph, and Jennifer Batten.  The tapping technique began to be taken up by rock and blues guitarists in the late 1960s. One of the earliest such players was Canned Heat guitarist Harvey Mandel, whom Ritchie Blackmore claims to have seen using tapping onstage as early as 1968 at the Whisky a Go Go. George Lynch has corroborated this, mentioning that both he and Eddie Van Halen saw Mandel employ "a neo-classic tapping thing" at the Starwood in West Hollywood during the 1970s. Mandel would use extensive two-handed tapping techniques on his 1973 album "Shangrenade." Another early example of the tapping technique can be heard in Terry Kath's "Free Form Guitar" from Chicago Transit Authority's debut album in 1969.  Randy Resnick (of the band Pure Food and Drug Act, which at one time also featured Mandel) used two-handed tapping techniques extensively in his performances and recordings between 1969 and 1974. Resnick was mentioned in the Eddie Van Halen biography for his contribution to the two-handed tapping technique. In reference to Resnick's playing with Richard Greene And Zone at the Whisky a Go-Go in 1974, Lee Ritenour mentioned in "Guitar Player" magazine January 1980 that "Randy was the first guitarist I ever saw who based his whole style on tapping." Resnick also recorded using the technique in 1974 on the John Mayall & the Bluesbreakers album "Latest Edition" and has said that he was attempting to duplicate the legato of John Coltrane's "Sheets of Sound".  Steve Hackett of Genesis also claims to be an inventor of tapping as early as 1971.  Some players such as Stanley Jordan, Paul Gilbert, and Steve Vai were notably gifted in the use of both hands in an almost piano-like attack on the fretboard. In the late 1970s, Eddie Van Halen popularized the two-handed tapping technique. Van Halen claims that his own inspiration came from Jimmy Page: "I think I got the idea of tapping watching (Page) do his "Heartbreaker" solo back in 1971... He was doing a pull-off to an open string and I thought... I can do that, but what if I use my finger as the nut and move it around?"

Techniques.

Two-handed tapping.

Tapping can be used to play polyphonic and counterpoint music on a guitar, making available eight (and even nine) fingers as stops. For example, the right hand may fret the treble melody while the left hand plays an accompaniment. Therefore, it is possible to produce music written for a keyboard instrument, such as J.S. Bach's Two-part Inventions.  The main disadvantage to tapping is reduced range of timbre, and in fact it is common to use a compressor effect to make notes more similar in volume. As tapping produces a "clean tone" effect, and since the first note usually sounds the loudest (unwanted in some music like jazz), dynamics are a main concern with this technique, though Stanley Jordan and many Stick players are successful in this genre.  Depending on the orientation of the player's right hand, this method can produce varying degrees of success at shaping dynamics. Early experimenters with this idea, like Harry DeArmond, his student Jimmie Webster, and Dave Bunker, held their right hand in a conventional orientation, with the fingers parallel with the strings. This limits the kind of musical lines the right hand can play. The Chapman method puts the fingers parallel to the frets.

One-handed tapping.

One-handed tapping, performed in conjunction with normal fingering by the fretting hand, facilitates the construction of note intervals that would otherwise be impossible using one hand alone. It is often used as a special effect during a shredding solo. With the electric guitar, in this situation the output tone itself is usually overdriven — although it is possible to tap acoustically — with drive serving as a boost to further amplify the non-picked (and thus naturally weaker) legato notes being played.  The overall aim is to maintain fluidity and synchronization between all the notes, especially when played at speed, which can take extensive practice to master.

Tapped harmonics.

Tapped harmonics are produced by holding a note with a player's fretting hand, and tapping twelve frets down from that note with the player's tapping hand (i.e. the note on the 4th fret of the A string is tapped on the 16th fret of the A string). Rather than hammering-on and pulling-off with the right hand, harmonics are produced by hitting the fret with a finger. This method of tapping can be heard in Van Halen's songs "Women In Love" and "Dance the Night Away". Late Metallica bassist Cliff Burton also utilized tapped harmonics on his noted instrumental piece "(Anesthesia) Pulling Teeth".

Tapping, also called tap style (tapstyle), touch-style, and two-handed tapping, is a guitar playing technique where a string is fretted and set into vibration as part of a single motion of being tapped onto the fretboard, with either hand, as opposed to the standard technique of fretting with one hand and picking with the other. Tapping is the primary technique intended for some instruments such as the Chapman Stick, and is the alternative method for the Warr Guitar and others. Tapped passages incorporate the techniques of hammer-on and pull-off, but with both hands freed to produce notes. Some players (such as Stanley Jordan) rely extensively or exclusively on tapping.

Tapping je technika hraní na kytaru, při které se nepoužívá trsátko. Nejčastěji se jedná o kytarová sóla, v nichž je jedna část níže, ale některé tóny o několik pražců výše. Aby se tedy nemuselo rychle přeskakovat levou rukou, použije se na to pravá ruka, tak, že se s ní domáčkne požadovaný vyšší tón.


Geography.

Gütersloh lies in the Emssandebene, south-west of the Teutoburg Forest and on the north-eastern edge of the Westphalian Basin and has no significant points of elevation. The city's lowest point is above sea level on the river Ems near the Princess Royal Barracks and the highest point is above sea level in the eastern township of Friedrichsdorf.  The border to Rheda-Wiedenbrück extends as part of the Rhedaer Forest, a large wooded area with predominantly conifers. The river Dalke flows through the city from east to west, crossing close to the Stadt Park as well as the city centre and river Ems.  Gütersloh railway station is on the Hamm–Minden line.

Politics.

City council.

The city council consists of 52 seats, according to the local election in 2014:

Major industries.

Gütersloh is an industrial city; inside the ring road is the city centre, which contains a variety of shops and department stores. Gütersloh is best known for Bertelsmann (a media company with 11,300 workers in the district) and Miele (an appliance manufacturer with 5,000 workers). There are 5,000 other small and medium enterprises in Gütersloh. Those companies have 46,000 workers. The most important areas are:

Recreational amenities.

Gütersloh has four parks: The Stadtpark und Botanischer Garten Gütersloh contains a duck pond, a botanical garden, and many paths bordered by mature trees. It was built 1908–09 next to the river Dalke and is one of the most beautiful parks in Germany. The Mohns Park contains a paddling pool, an adventure playground area, a minigolf area, some sports fields and a hockey field can be used for ice hockey too. Since 1949 there is an amphitheater with 1,100 seats. The name comes from the owner, Frederike Mohn, from whom the town bought the park in 1937. There is also the small Riegerpark (named after the Rieger nursery) and the park of the LWL-clinic (built 1911–14, with many listed buildings and a small deer park).  Swimmers are accommodated amply in Gütersloh with no fewer than four pools, both indoor and outdoor, the large outdoor pool has an Olympic-size pool, diving boards and sunbathing space, while the original indoor pool has the usual sauna and steam rooms.  The Stadtmuseum Gütersloh (Gütersloh Town Museum) features exhibits on Gütersloh’s local history as well as the history of medicine and industry.

Regular events.

In the second half of March, the "Gütersloher Frühling" (Gütersloh's Spring) is a festive celebration of springtime horticulture. Local garden centers, nurseries and flower shops present their savvy. During the "langenachtderkunst" ("long night of the arts") in May or June, museums and art galleries have longer opening hours, and the "Straßenzauber" ("street magic"), where you can see antique cars and all types of new cars. On Pentecost, there is a wine festival while at the market place is the Pentecost funfair.  Over the whole summer there are many concerts shown on the open air stage in the Mohns Park. In the "Radrennen über Wasser" (Bikerace over the Water), bikers have to drive over a course of planks over a boating pond without falling in the water. At „Gütersloh für Genießer“ ("Gütersloh for gourmets"), many restaurants present haute cuisine open air. At "Gütersloh International", many foreign musicians and folk dancers present a mixed program in front of the municipal hall. In August bands and stand-up comedians show their program for free on the Dreiecksplatz.  At the end of September begins the Michaelis-funfair. Every two years there is also a pageant where many clubs present themselves. In October, there is "Schinkenmarkt" ("ham market"), where you can buy ham not just from Westphalia. Traditionally the year ends with a Christmas market on the Berliner Platz.  There are many Schützenvereine, Gütersloher Schützengesellschaft exists since 1832.  There are always many Easter fires on Easter Saturday.

Sports.

In 2006 there were 95 clubs with 25,000 members in Gütersloh. There are 24 sports fields and 39 sports halls (arenas and gyms), of which 11 are bigger than 22 × 45 meters. There are also three open-air baths and two indoor swimming pools.

Football.

The oldest Westphalian football club, the Gymnasial-Spielverein Gütersloh, was founded in 1878 at the Evangelisch Stiftisches Gymnasium.  The most popular football club of the town is FC Gütersloh 2000 (FCG), which had a spell in the 2. Fußball-Bundesliga from 1996 to 1999 before being relegated and dissolved by a court due to an overwhelming debt 7 million DM. The club was re-established in 2000. The women's team plays as FSV Gütersloh 2009 in the 2. Bundesliga while the men's team plays in the Oberliga Westfalen, the fifth league. The FSV Gütersloh 2009 organizes the Gütersloher Hallenmasters, Germany's biggest international cup for U17-teams. There is also the Strenge-Cup, one of the biggest cups in Ostwestfalen-Lippe for teenagers.  A great event in the history of Gütersloh was the 2006 FIFA World Cup. Being an official training area, the Heidewaldstadion was used three times by the Portugal national football team. Up to 5,000 fans came to watch the games on the biggest video screen in Ostwestfalen-Lippe in front of the town hall. Gütersloh was one of the very few towns in Germany where the FIFA World Cup Trophy was shown. Many people also had a job-related connection to the World Cup, because many articles like books, magazines or posters were produced in Gütersloh by Bertelsmann.

International relations.

Gütersloh is twinned with:

Military.

RAF Gütersloh.

A Royal Air Force station in Gütersloh was home of RAF Squadrons 2 and 4, which flew Hawker Hunter photo reconnaissance aircraft, then 19 and 92 Sqn, which flew Lightnings, and later 3 and 4, which flew the distinctive VSTOL Harrier. They were supported by 18 Squadron operating Chinook Helicopters and 230 Squadron, which flew Puma Helicopters. There were also personnel at the station from the RAF Regiment who provided Rapier ground to air missile support. It was the most easterly of Nato's airbases during the Cold War.  The station was originally built for the Luftwaffe who flew Junkers bombers from the station and the runway was extended during this period using the labour of Soviet prisoners of war, a memorial to whom now stands near Junkers Farm, a farm building that was later used as a Scout hut within the station's perimeter fence. The farm building is now condemned, and the scouts use a larger building on Mansergh Barracks instead, but the scouts still use the area near the building during the summer, and the memorial is still mentioned on camps. RAF Gütersloh closed in 1993.

Princess Royal Barracks, Gütersloh.

The British Army took over RAF Gütersloh in 1993 and renamed it Princess Royal Barracks, Gütersloh. It now houses regiments of the Royal Logistic Corps, Army Air Corps and 114 Provost Company, Royal Military Police. The second barracks in Gütersloh is called Mansergh Barracks, which holds a British secondary school called King's School and a primary school called Haig School for the armed forces. Mansergh Barracks is home to 26th Regiment Royal Artillery.

Miscellaneous.

Arameans in Gütersloh.

In Gütersloh there are approximately 10,000 Arameans. It has the largest number of Arameans of any other towns in Germany. In 2010, 100 companies in Gütersloh were run by Arameans.  Three football clubs play in local leagues: Tur Abdin Gütersloh, Aramäer Gütersloh and St. Gabriel Gütersloh.

Gütersloh's nicknames.

In local media, "Dalkestadt" is often used. An older nickname is "Nazareth" or "little Nazareth" because the Protestants in the 19th century were very religious. In Low German, the city is called "Gütsel". The younger inhabitants often call it "G-Town" or (jocularly) "Lülaloh".

Food and drink.

The cuisine in Gütersloh is mostly influenced by the traditional and substantial Westphalian way of cooking. A typical dish would be pumpernickel (a heavy, sweet rye bread), served with Westphalian ham.  Also popular is the "Pickert", a potato dish made of flour, milk, eggs, currants and yeast. The recipe dates back to 1900 and it is still popular and served in restaurants today.  Regional beverages include the Steinhäger gin, made in the nearby community of Steinhagen, the bitter Schroeders "Boonekamp" and the special brews created in the Gütersloher brewery.

Gütersloh () is a city in North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany, in the area of Westphalia and the administrative region of Detmold. Gütersloh is the administrative centre for a district of the same name and has a population of 100,194 people.

Gütersloh je město v německé spolkové zemi Severní Porýní-Vestfálsko. Je správním centrem stejnojmenného zemského okresu a současně leží ve vládním obvodu Detmold. Je také součástí regionu Východního Vestfálska-Lippe. V roce 2013 zde žilo přes 95 tisíc obyvatel. Město je sídlem německého výrobce elektroniky, společnosti Miele.


Description.

"Lathyrus linifolius" is a perennial plant with a sprawling or climbing stem that grows to and is shallowly-winged and nearly hairless. The leaves are alternate with short winged stalks and long narrow stipules. The leaf blades are pinnate with two to four pairs of narrow lanceolate leaflets, entire margins and a terminal branching tendril. The inflorescence has a long stem and two to eight purple flowers, each long. These have five sepals and five petals and are irregular. The uppermost petal is known as the "standard", the lateral two as the "wings" and the lowest two are joined to form the "keel". There are ten stamens and a single carpel. The fruit is a flat brown pod containing up to twelve seeds. This plant flowers in July and August.

Distribution and habitat.

"Lathyrus linifolius" is native to Europe, parts of Asia and North America. Its typical habitat is in rich ground and this plant is found in damp meadows, on river banks, on the margins of ponds, by lakes and near the sea, and occasionally in coastal hedgerows. It often seems to grow among reeds ("Phragmites australis"). The species epithet "palustris" is Latin for "of the marsh" and indicates its common habitat. Marsh Pea grows from long rhizomes that allows the plant to spread vegetatively. As the common name implies, Marsh Pea, it is found in wet to moist areas where it can receive adequate sun and also allows other plants to climb on.

Lathyrus palustris is a species of wild pea known by the common name marsh pea. It is native to Europe, Asia, and North America. It is a perennial herb with leaves made up of oval-shaped or oblong leaflets a few centimeters long. It has branched, coiled tendrils. The plant bears an inflorescence of two to eight pinkish purple pea flowers each up to two centimeters wide. The fruit is a dehiscent legume pod.

Hrachor bahenní ("Lathyrus palustris") je z volné přírody pomalu mizející druh bobovité, popínavé rostliny, jeden z mnoha druhů rodu hrachor.


Recordings.

"He Loved Him Madly" was recorded by Davis as his tribute to then-recently deceased Duke Ellington, who used to tell his audiences "I love you madly." British musician Brian Eno cited it as a lasting influence on his own pathbreaking work in ambient music, which commenced with "Another Green World" (1975).  One track, "Honky Tonk," was recorded in 1970 with musicians such as John McLaughlin and Herbie Hancock. "Red China Blues" had been recorded in 1972 before "On the Corner," while "Rated X" and "Billy Preston" were recorded later that year with the band heard on "In Concert." The remaining tracks were from 1973 and 1974 sessions with his current band, including Pete Cosey.

Critical reception.

Reviewing for "Rolling Stone" in 1975, Stephen Davis applauded Davis' adventurousness and direction of his rhythm band, who he called a "who's who of Seventies jazz-rock". The same year, Robert Christgau wrote in "The Village Voice" that although Davis' recent albums have sounded slapdash with "noodling over a pick-up rhythm section," "Get Up with It" is still listenable "since it contains over two hours of what sometimes sounds like bullshit: it's not exactly music to fill the mind. Just the room." Years later in "" (1981), he said only two of the six shorter songs—"Maiyisha" and "Honky Tonk"—make up "more than good" background music, but the two long pieces "are brilliant: 'He Loved Him Madly,' a tribute to Duke Ellington as elegant African internationalist, and 'Calypso Frelimo,' a Caribbean dance broken into sections that seem to follow with preordained emotional logic."  For the album's 2000 reissue, "Alternative Press" published a review calling it "essential... the overlooked classic of psychedelic soul and outlandish improv... representing the high water mark of [Davis'] experiments in the fusion of rock, funk, electronica and jazz". "Stylus Magazine"s Chris Smith said it is "not an easy album to write, let alone think, about. It’s a bit more of an anything-goes hodgepodge than it is a sprawling masterwork, and is probably written about the least of all Miles’ electric work."

Track listing.

All compositions by Miles Davis.

Personnel.

"He Loved Him Madly".

Recorded Columbia Studio E, New York City June 19 or 20, 1974

"Maiysha".

Recorded Columbia Studio E, New York City October 7, 1974

"Honky Tonk".

Recorded Columbia Studio E, New York City May 19, 1970

"Rated X".

Recorded Columbia Studio E, New York City September 6, 1972

"Calypso Frelimo".

Recorded Columbia Studio E, New York City September 17, 1973

"Red China Blues".

Recorded Columbia Studio E, New York City March 9, 1972

"Mtume".

"Billy Preston".

Recorded Columbia Studio E, New York City December 8, 1972

Get Up with It is a compilation album by American jazz trumpeter, bandleader, and composer Miles Davis. Released by Columbia Records on November 22, 1974, it compiled songs Davis had recorded in sessions between 1970 and 1974, including those for the studio albums "Jack Johnson" (1971) and "On the Corner" (1972). In "The Rolling Stone Album Guide" (2004), J. D. Considine described the compilation's music as "worldbeat fusion".

Get Up with It je studiové album amerického jazzového trumpetisty Milese Davise. Nahráno bylo v rozmezí let 1970 a 1974 a vyšlo v listopadu 1974 jako dvojalbum u vydavatelství Columbia Records. Jde o jeho poslední album před jeho odchodem z hudebního prostředí; další album "The Man with the Horn" vydal až v roce 1981.


History and origins.

The lyrics were written by Percy Montrose in 1884, based on a earlier song called "Down by the River Liv'd a Maiden". The origin of the melody is unknown. In his book "South from Granada", Gerald Brenan claims that the melody was from an old Spanish ballad, made popular by Mexican miners during the California Gold Rush. It was best known from "Romance del Conde Olinos o Niño", a sad love story very popular in Spanish-speaking cultures. It was also given various English translations. No particular source is cited to verify that the song he used to hear in the 1920s in a remote Spanish village was not an old text with new music, but Brenan states in his preface that all the information in his book has been checked reasonably well.  It is unclear when, where and by whom the song was first recorded in English, but the first version to reach the "Billboard" charts was that by Bing Crosby recorded on June 14, 1941, which briefly reached the No. 20 spot. It was given an updated and up-tempo treatment in an arrangement by Hal Hopper and John Scott Trotter. The re-written lyrics include a reference to Gene Autry ("could he sue me, Clementine?") amongst the five swinging verses.

Contemporary use.

The 1994 NASA "Clementine" mission to test sensors and spacecraft components and make scientific observations of the Moon was named after the song.  In the 1945 novel "Animal Farm" by George Orwell, the pig Old Major explains his dream of an animal-controlled society. The song's tune is described in the novel as sounding like a combination of "La Cucaracha" and "Oh My Darling, Clementine".  The singing of the song was a signature trait and running gag of the Hanna-Barbera cartoon character Huckleberry Hound in episodes released in the late 1950s and early 1960s and in later appearances, often sung as "Oh My Darling, What's-Her-Name".  The melody is whistled by the character J. Frank Parnell (played by Fox Harris) in the 1984 film "Repo Man".  The melody for the song has become popular as the rhythm for a number of chants by sports supporters, such as the Barmy Army, popularized by the 1998 hit song "Carnaval de Paris" by English dance trio Dario G.  The song plays during the opening credits for John Ford's movie "My Darling Clementine", with Henry Fonda. It also runs as a background score all through the movie.  The melody is used in "Xīnnián Hǎo" (), a Chinese New Year song.  At the end of "M*A*S*H" episode 22 of season 5, "Movie Tonight", the song is sung by all the staff in the operating room after an abortive attempt to view the John Ford film "My Darling Clementine".  The 1963 film "Hud", starring Paul Newman, included a scene in a small town movie theatre where the audience sang along to the song prior to the start of the main feature.  In the 1981 film "Death Hunt", Charles Bronson's character sings part of the song to himself alone in his log cabin as his pursuers listen from outside.  In 1992, Peter Brooke, Secretary of State for Northern Ireland, sang "Darlin' Clementine" on "The Late Late Show" on Republic of Ireland television. Just hours earlier, eight people (seven of them civilians) had been killed in the Teebane bombing. Brooke was forced to resign shortly after.  The song is featured in the September, 1999, "" episode of "". and Seven of Nine sing lines from the song while he is working on her cortical implant.  In the 2001 "Columbo" episode "Murder With Too Many Notes", Lieutenant Columbo sings the first verse of the song along with Billy Connolly's character Findlay Crawford. Columbo also sings it in the 1978 episode "Make Me A Perfect Murder.  In the 2004 film "Eternal Sunshine of the Spotless Mind", there are two references to the song (specifically its use by Huckleberry Hound): one at the beginning and one at the end, both regarding Clementine (Kate Winslet)'s name. Joel (Jim Carrey) mentions the song to Clementine when they introduce themselves, and Clementine sings the chorus to Joel on a train to Montauk.  In 2020, two characters in season five of "Outlander" sing this song to their son. The scene takes place in the year 1770, but the passage they sing includes the lyrics, "Dwelt a miner, forty-niner," a reference to the 1849 California gold rush.

Bobby Darin version.

Bobby Darin recorded a version of the song, credited to Woody Harris, in which he made fun of Clementine's weight, joking at the end of the song that whalers might find her: "Hey you sailor, way out in your whaler, a-with your harpoon and your trusty line, if she shows now, yell... there she blows now It just may be chunky Clementine".

Jan and Dean version.

Jan and Dean had a hit with "Clementine", charting as high as 65 on the "Billboard" Hot 100. It was released on the Dore label (SP DORE 539 (US)) in November, 1959; "You're on My Mind" was the B Side.

Tom Lehrer version.

Tom Lehrer recorded a set of variations on the song on his live album "An Evening Wasted with Tom Lehrer", demonstrating his theory that "folk songs are so atrocious because they were written by the people." He plays the first verse in the style of Cole Porter, the second in the style of "Mozart or one of that crowd", the third in a disjointed jazz sound in the style of Thelonious Monk, and the final verse in the style of Gilbert and Sullivan.

"Oh My Darling, Clementine" is an American western folk ballad in trochaic meter usually credited to Percy Montrose (1884), although it is sometimes credited to Barker Bradford. The song is believed to have been based on another song called "" by H. S. Thompson (1863). It is commonly performed in the key of F Major. Members of the Western Writers of America chose it as one of the Top 100 Western songs of all time.

„Oh My Darling, Clementine“ je americká westernová lidová píseň, jejíž vznik se datuje do poloviny devatenáctého století. Pojednává o utonulé dívce Clementine, dceři zlatokopa z Kalifornské zlaté horečky. V roce 2012 tuto píseň pod zkráceným názvem „Clementine“ nahrál Neil Young společně se skupinou Crazy Horse a vydal ji na svém albu "Americana".


History.

Herisau was first mentioned in 837 as "Herinisauva", and its church is mentioned in 907. In 1084 Herisau was destroyed as part of battles around the monastery in St. Gallen. In 1248 and 1249 the town was destroyed again, this time by the monastery to establish loyalty. In 1401 Herisau joined an alliance with other places in Appenzell as part of the Appenzell Wars.  Between 1517 and 1518 Herisau managed to buy itself free from the monastery. The town hall was built in 1601. In 1606 the town was largely destroyed by a fire. In 1648 Schwellbrunn separated and became an independent village. Between 1798 and 1803 Herisau was the capital of the canton "Säntis".

Geography.

Herisau has an area,, of. Of this area, 56.8% is used for agricultural purposes, while 27.1% is forested. Of the rest of the land, 15.5% is settled (buildings or roads) and the remainder (0.6%) is non-productive (rivers, glaciers or mountains).  The municipality is located in the former District of Hinterland. It is located at the crossing point of two major routes through the region, the St. Gallen-Toggenburg road and the Gossau-Appenzell road. In addition to being the capital of the half canton, about one-third of the population of the entire half canton lives in Herisau. It consists of the village of Herisau and scattered hamlets as well as bedroom communities and industrial sections. Before 1648 it controlled about twice the land area as is currently part of the municipality. Until 1648 Schwellbrunn was part of the municipality and until 1720, Waldstatt was part of Herisau.

Demographics.

Herisau has a population () of 15,527, of which about 17.9% are foreign nationals. Over the last 10 years the population has decreased at a rate of -5.2%. Most of the population () speaks German (87.0%), with Serbo-Croatian being second most common ( 3.8%) and Italian being third ( 3.4%). , the gender distribution of the population was 49.6% male and 50.4% female. The age distribution,, in Herisau is; 1,194 people or 7.5% of the population are between 0–6 years old. 1,775 people or 11.2% are 6-15, and 835 people or 5.3% are 16–19. Of the adult population, 945 people or 6.0% of the population are between 20–24 years old. 4,760 people or 30.0% are 25–44, and 3,831 people or 24.1% are 45–64. The senior population distribution is 1,702 people or 10.7% of the population are between 65–79 years old, and 840 people or 5.3% are over 80.  In the 2007 federal election the FDP received 76.7% of the vote.  The entire Swiss population is generally well educated. In Herisau about 66.2% of the population (between age 25-64) have completed either non-mandatory upper secondary education or additional higher education (either university or a "Fachhochschule").

Historical population.

The historical population is given in the following table:

Weather.

Herisau has an average of 154 days of rain per year and on average receives of precipitation. The wettest month is July during which time Herisau receives an average of of precipitation. During this month there is precipitation for an average of 13.9 days. The month with the most days of precipitation is May, with an average of 15.3, but with only of precipitation. The driest month of the year is February with an average of of precipitation over 13.9 days.

Economy.

Herisau is located in the centre of eastern Switzerland. As early as 1537 it established itself as an important centre of trade and commerce.  Herisau has an unemployment rate of 2.01%., there were 340 people employed in the primary economic sector and about 115 businesses involved in this sector. 2,959 people are employed in the secondary sector and there are 189 businesses in this sector. 4,505 people are employed in the tertiary sector, with 651 businesses in this sector.

Sport.

SC Herisau plays in the Swiss 1. Liga.

Herisau is a municipality of the canton of Appenzell Ausserrhoden in Switzerland. It is the seat of the canton's government and parliament; the judicial authorities are situated in Trogen.

Herisau je obec (nemá status města) ve Švýcarsku, sídlo vlády a parlamentu kantonu Appenzell Ausserrhoden. V Herisau se nachází několik významných míst zapsaných jako národní dědictví. Mezi ně patří: Osada v centru a domy okolo náměstí, Protestantský kostel z roku 1580, Dům Wetter a Dům zur Rose (oba z roku 1737), osada Schwänberg a vládní budova zahrnující státní archiv.


Club career.

Jovetic made his first football steps at Mladost Podgorica. He played for them until 2004 when he joined FK Partizan.

Partizan.

On 9 April 2006, at the age of 16, Jovetić made his senior debut for FK Partizan under head coach Jürgen Röber during a league match against FK Voždovac.  He scored three goals during a UEFA Cup qualifying game against Zrinjski on 2 August 2007, in a 5–0 victory for Partizan, recording his first career hat-trick at only 17 years old. He became Partizan's club captain aged 17 years, 10 months and 21 days in January 2008, after former captain Antonio Rukavina was sold to German Bundesliga side Borussia Dortmund. This made him Partizan's youngest captain ever, surpassing Albert Nađ, who became captain at age 19. Jovetić held the record until 31 October 2012 when he was surpassed by Nikola Ninković.

Fiorentina.

On 10 May 2008, Serie A club Fiorentina signed him for a fee of approx. €10.8 million. He scored his first goal for "La Viola" in the league match against Atalanta from the penalty spot on 5 April 2009.  He started the 2009–10 season with a goal against Sporting Clube de Portugal in a 1–1 return leg draw at Stadio Artemio Franchi, which gave Fiorentina their entrance into the Champions League group stages. Other decisive goals included goals against Palermo, Sampdoria, and Livorno. On 29 September 2009, he scored both goals in a 2–0 victory over Liverpool in the Champions League group stage. On 9 March 2010, Jovetić scored two goals in Fiorentina's 3–2 win over Bayern Munich. The club lost, however, on away goals, and he also scored again against Napoli on 13 March. He scored in a 4–1 win against Udinese on 28 March.  During pre-season training for the 2010–11 season, he suffered an injury to his cruciate ligament in his right knee which eventually saw him out for the whole season.  Jovetić returned from injury in fine form in the 2011–12 season, scoring a double in a 3–0 win against Parma, his first goals in over a year. On 15 October 2011, Jovetić signed a contract that would keep him in Florence through 2016. Following the winter break in the Serie A, Jovetić netted twice as Fiorentina eased to a comfortable 3–0 victory over Novara on 8 January 2012. A month later, on 5 February, Jovetić earned his side a 3–2 victory against Udinese by converting two penalties; the win gave Fiorentina back-to-back victories in the Serie A for the first time all season. He failed to find the back of the net after this game for over two months before netting his side's opener and then assisting the winning goal for Amauri as Fiorentina shocked title contenders Milan 2–1 on 7 April. Jovetić netted 14 times in 27 league games for Fiorentina, as the Tuscan side limped to 13th place in Serie A.  On 17 February 2013, both Jovetić and teammate Adem Ljajić netted braces as Fiorentina thrashed Inter 4–1 at the Stadio Artemio Franchi.

Manchester City.

On 19 July 2013, he signed for Premier League club Manchester City in a deal worth approx. €26.7 million. Upon signing for the club, Jovetić chose to wear number 35 on his shirt, which he also wore while playing for Partizan. He joined former Fiorentina teammate and close friend, Matija Nastasić at the club. He made his debut for Manchester City on 14 September, in a 0–0 draw away against Stoke City. He scored his first goals for the club on 24 September, in a 5–0 win against Wigan Athletic in the League Cup.  On 29 January 2014, Jovetić scored his first Premier League goal in a 5–1 win against Tottenham Hotspur at White Hart Lane. On 15 February, he scored his first FA Cup goal in a 2–0 victory over Chelsea in the fifth round. On 5 April, he scored his second goal in the Premier League in a 4–1 win over Southampton. On 7 May 2014, he scored his first league goal at the City of Manchester Stadium in Manchester City's 4–0 win over Aston Villa.  On 25 August 2014, he scored two goals in Manchester City's 3–1 home win over Liverpool. Upon missing time with injury, in February 2015, sanctions imposed by UEFA on City resulted in him being dropped from their UEFA Champions League squad and replaced by new signing Wilfried Bony. Jovetić reacted by saying "The manager has killed me with this decision" and questioned his future at the club.

Internazionale.

In 2015 summer he returned to Italy, signing for Inter Milan on an 18-month loan, for €2.5 million fee, with a conditional obligation of redemption for €14.5 million, if Inter was ranked 17th or better in December 2016 or making an appearance for Inter in 2016–17 season. In his first 2 appearances, he scored 3 goals, with Inter winning both games. He went through a goal drought, which was broken against Udinese. Jovetić scored a brace against Udinese.  The conditional obligation to buy Jovetić was activated in July 2016.  For 2016–17 season, he was cut from the squad available for Europa League. De Boer and Pioli gave him 5 appearances.

Loan to Sevilla.

On 10 January 2017, he signed a loan deal with Spanish team Sevilla until the end of season. He made his debut with the club on 12 January, scoring a goal in a 3–3 draw against Real Madrid in the Copa del Rey. He scored once again against Real Madrid three days later, this time in the league, coming on as a late substitute for Franco Vázquez, and securing the three points in stoppage time with the match-winning goal that put Sevilla back in second place in La Liga, and ended Real Madrid's 40-game-long unbeaten run in all competitions.

AS Monaco.

On 29 August 2017, Monaco announced the signing of Jovetić on a four-year contract. After the departure of Kylian Mbappé on 31 August, Jovetić was assigned number 10 shirt. In his first season with Monaco he scored 10 goals in 21 matches in all competitions, averaging just above 50 minutes per game. During that season between February 10 and March 16, 2018 he had a streak of 5 consecutive matches with goals scored, among them the only brace (two goals in a single game) of the season against Angers SCO.

International career.

Serbia and Montenegro.

Jovetić was part of the squad of Serbia and Montenegro in 2006 UEFA European Under-17 Championship. The team was eliminated in the group stage.

Montenegro.

Jovetić was a founding member of the Montenegro national team which played their first game against Hungary in March 2007, and was also a regular for the Montenegro U-21 team. Jovetić scored his first international goal against the same team, netting twice in a 3–3 friendly draw with Hungary on 20 August 2008 at the Puskás Ferenc Stadion in Budapest. He scored another brace on 29 February 2012 in his first match as captain when regular skipper Mirko Vučinić began on the bench, a 2–1 friendly home victory over Iceland.  On 15 October 2013 in a qualifier for the next year's World Cup, Jovetić scored his first competitive international brace, with an equalising penalty and an added-time goal at the Podgorica City Stadium, albeit in a 2–5 defeat to Moldova.  Jovetić equalised from a penalty on 14 November 2014 to earn Montenegro a 1–1 draw against Sweden in UEFA Euro 2016 qualifying.

Style of play.

A quick, strong and versatile player, Jovetić is a well-rounded forward, who is capable of playing anywhere along the front-line, and has been deployed as a main striker, as a winger, in a supporting role, or as an attacking midfielder, due to his ability to link-up with midfielders, and either score or create goals. A creative and technically gifted striker, he is also known for his dribbling skills, mobility, and pace on the ball, as well as his ability to make attacking runs towards goal from deeper positions and strike well with both feet. Despite his talent, his playing time has often been limited by several injuries. His playing style, appearance, and hairstyle led him to be compared to Roberto Baggio during his time at Fiorentina, who had also played for the club.

Personal life.

Age 13, he moved from his hometown of Podgorica to Belgrade to play for FK Partizan's youth team. He stayed in Belgrade for four and a half years, and was then signed by Fiorentina (May 2008), living in Florence for 5 years until 2013, when he was signed by Manchester City.  His nickname in Montenegro is "Joveta". Fiorentina supporters gave Jovetić the nickname "Jo-Jo." His idols are former Roma forward and fellow Montenegrin international Mirko Vučinić, from whom he took the Montenegro U-21 captain's armband at the age of 17; and Andriy Shevchenko, who Jovetić emulated as a child.  He is a gamer, playing PlayStation, often with friend and former teammate Matija Nastasić. He has his left arm covered in tattoos (a "full-sleeve"). He has never consumed alcohol. His favourite team is FK Partizan. Jovetić is an Eastern Orthodox Christian.

Honours.

Partizan  Manchester City  Individual

Stevan Jovetić (Montenegrin Cyrillic: Стеван Joвeтић, ; born 2 November 1989) is a Montenegrin professional footballer who plays as a striker for Monaco and the Montenegro national team.

Stevan Jovetić (černohorskou cyrilicí Cтeвaн Joвeтић; * 2. listopadu 1989, Titograd, SFR Jugoslávie) je černohorský fotbalový útočník, od léta 2017 hráč klubu AS Monaco. V roce 2009 získal v Černé Hoře ocenění Fotbalista roku. Stylem hry bývá přirovnáván k italskému šutérovi Roberto Baggiovi.


Biography.

Burton was born in Anderson, Indiana in 1943. Beginning music at six years old, he mostly taught himself to play marimba and vibraphone. He began studying piano at age sixteen while finishing high school at Princeton Community High School in Princeton, Indiana (1956–60). He has cited jazz pianist Bill Evans as the inspiration for his approach to the vibraphone.  Burton attended Berklee College of Music in Boston in 1960–61 and the Stan Kenton Clinic at Indiana University in 1960. He studied with Herb Pomeroy and soon befriended composer and arranger Michael Gibbs. After establishing his career during the 1960s, he returned to join the staff of Berklee from 1971–2004, serving first as professor, then dean, and executive vice president during his last decade at the college. In 1989, Burton received an Honorary Doctorate of Music from Berklee.  Early in his career, at the behest of noted Nashville saxophonist Boots Randolph, Burton moved to Nashville and recorded with several notable Nashville musicians, including guitarist Hank Garland, pianist Floyd Cramer and guitarist Chet Atkins.  After touring the U.S. and Japan with pianist George Shearing, Burton played with saxophonist Stan Getz from 1964 to 1966. It was during this time that he appeared with the band in the movie "Get Yourself a College Girl", playing "Girl from Ipanema" with Astrud Gilberto. In 1967 he formed the Gary Burton Quartet with guitarist Larry Coryell, drummer Roy Haynes, and bassist Steve Swallow. Predating the jazz-rock fusion craze of the 1970s, the group's first album, "Duster," combined jazz, country, and rock. However, some of Burton's previous albums (notably "Tennessee Firebird" and "Time Machine", both from 1966) had already shown his inclination toward such experimentation. After Coryell left the quartet in the late 1960s, Burton hired a number of well-regarded guitarists: Jerry Hahn, David Pritchard, Mick Goodrick, Pat Metheny, John Scofield, Wolfgang Muthspiel, Kurt Rosenwinkel, and Julian Lage.  Burton was named "Down Beat" magazine's Jazzman of the Year in 1968 (the youngest to receive that title) and won his first Grammy Award in 1972. The following year Burton began a forty-year collaboration with pianist Chick Corea, recognized for popularizing the format of jazz duet performance. Their eight albums won Grammy Awards in 1979, 1981, 1997, 1999, 2009, and 2013.  Burton has played with a wide variety of jazz musicians, including Gato Barbieri, Carla Bley, Chick Corea, Peter Erskine, Stan Getz, Hank Garland, Stephane Grappelli, Herbie Hancock, Keith Jarrett, B. B. King, Steve Lacy, Pat Metheny, Makoto Ozone, Tiger Okoshi, Astor Piazzolla, Tommy Smith, Ralph Towner, and Eberhard Weber.  Burton is known for his variation of traditional four-mallet grip which has come to be known as "Burton Grip," and is very popular among jazz vibraphonists as well as some concert marimbists, including Pius Cheung and Evelyn Glennie.  From 2004 to 2008 Burton hosted a weekly jazz radio show on Sirius Satellite Radio. In 2011, he released his first album for Mack Avenue Records, entitled "Common Ground" featuring the New Gary Burton Quartet (with Julian Lage, Scott Colley, and Antonio Sanchez). In 2013, the group released "Guided Tour," their 2nd recording for Mack Avenue Records. Burton's autobiography, "Learning to Listen", was published by Berklee Press in August 2013, and was voted "Jazz Book of the Year" by the Jazz Journalists Association.  Burton retired from performing in March 2017 following a farewell tour with pianist and longtime collaborator Makoto Ozone.

Personal life.

By the 1980s, Burton was in a gay relationship and he came out publicly in a 1994 radio interview with Terry Gross, making him one of rather few openly gay jazz musicians of prominence. Burton's partner is Dustin Le and they live in South Florida.

Discography.

As sideman.

With Chet Atkins  With Bob Brookmeyer  With Thomas Clausen  With Bruce Cockburn  With Floyd Cramer  With Eddie Daniels  With Hank Garland  With Stan Getz  With Tim Hardin  With Quincy Jones  With k.d. lang  With Jay Leonhart  With Arif Mardin  With Ástor Piazzolla  With George Shearing  With Steve Swallow  With Eberhard Weber  With Jon Weber

Gary Burton (born January 23, 1943) is an American jazz vibraphonist, composer, and educator. Burton developed a pianistic style of four-mallet technique as an alternative to the prevailing two-mallet technique. This approach caused him to be heralded as an innovator, and his sound and technique are widely imitated. He is also known for pioneering fusion jazz and popularizing the duet format in jazz, as well as being a major figure in music education from his 30 years at the Berklee College of Music.

Gary Burton (* 23. ledna 1943 Anderson, Indiana, USA) je americký jazzový vibrafonista. Studoval na Berklee College of Music, kde později i přes třicet let vyučoval. Své první album vydal již v roce 1961; neslo název "New Vibe Man in Town" a vyšlo u vydavatelství RCA Records, doprovázel jej na něm bubeník Joe Morello a kontrabasista Gene Cherico. Později vydal řadu dalších alb, jak u RCA, tak od roku 1969 u Atlantic Records a následně řadu let u ECM Records. Rovněž spolupracoval s dalšími hudebníky, mezi něž patří Chick Corea, Dave Holland, Roy Haynes, Pat Metheny nebo Stan Getz.


Description.

"Rosa pendulina" is a climbing (or rambling) shrub between 0.5 and 2m, rarely 3m tall. The flowers are typically semi-doubled and deep pink to fuchsia, brightening towards the center. It can be distinguished from other members of its genus by its relative lack of thorns (prickles), especially higher up on the plant, its oblong fruits (hips) which hang downwards (are pendulous, hence the specific epithet), its hispid peduncles and petioles, and its smooth stems and branches. The chromosome number is 2n = 28.

Cultivation.

Often called by its synonym "Rosa alpina", the Alpine rose has been in cultivation for hundreds of years (c.1683), with many varieties that are practically forgotten today. It has contributed genetically to an unknown, but large, number of extant rose cultivars. It flowers early, has a pleasing, strong fragrance, and is nearly thornless, all desirable traits for rose breeders. An undesirable trait is that it has weak pedicels supporting the flowers, which leads to the pendulous habit of the fruits. It is hardy to USDA Zone 4a.

Varieties.

Numerous varieties (and even subspecies) were described for "R. pendulina" and "R. alpina" (see list of synonyms), but these have all been collapsed into "R. pendulina".

Hybrids.

"Rosa pendulina" is said to be the parent of a number of hybrids.

Cultivars.

Many of these cultivars are quite old and would be assessed differently using modern standards. Rose fanciers tended to call all sports, chance seedlings, regional variants, natural hybrids, and artificial hybrids "varieties" rather than "cultivars". Some, such as the Boursault roses, would probably be considered Groups today. Simply having some "R. pendulina" ancestry, such as with the Moomin rose ("Rosa" 'Tove Jansson'), does not make a rose a cultivar of "R. pendulina".

Rosa pendulina, (syn. "Rosa alpina"), the Alpine rose or mountain rose, is a species of wild rose found in the mountains of central and southern Europe. It appears to have survived in glacial refugia in the Alps and Carpathians, and spread out from there. It prefers to grow in relatively warmer, shadier, and wetter areas alongside streams, in openings in forests, or on rock piles, between 350 and 2,500m above sea level. It has been introduced to New England and can be found growing as a garden escapee elsewhere.

Růže převislá ("Rosa pendulina") je druh evropské plané horské růže, která je nápadná tím, že její květní stopky se při dozrávání stáčejí dolů a šípky na nich jsou převislé, podle čehož získala druhové jméno.


Biography.

Born in Chicago, Illinois, Jones moved to Alabama, where he learned to play several instruments, including saxophone, piano, and drums. He worked as a drummer and tap-dancer at carnival shows until joining Walter Page's band, the Blue Devils in Oklahoma City in the late 1920s. He recorded with trumpeter Lloyd Hunter's Serenaders in 1931, and later joined pianist Count Basie's band in 1934. Jones, Basie, guitarist Freddie Green and bassist Walter Page were sometimes billed as an "All-American Rhythm section," an ideal team. Jones took a brief break for two years when he was in the military, but he remained with Basie until 1948. He participated in the Jazz at the Philharmonic concert series.  He was one of the first drummers to promote the use of brushes on drums and shifting the role of timekeeping from the bass drum to the hi-hat cymbal. Jones had a major influence on later drummers such as Buddy Rich, Kenny Clarke, Roy Haynes, Max Roach, and Louie Bellson. He also starred in several films, most notably the musical short "Jammin' the Blues" (1944).  Jones performed regularly in later years at the West End jazz club at 116th and Broadway in New York City. These performances were generally very well attended by other drummers such as Max Roach and Roy Haynes. In addition to his artistry on the drums, Jones was known for his irascible, combative temperament.  One famous instance of his irritable temper was in the spring of 1936, when he threw a cymbal on the ground when a very young Charlie Parker failed to improvise after losing the chord changes.  In contrast to the prevailing jazz drum style exemplified by Gene Krupa's loud, insistent pounding of the bass drum on each beat, Jones often omitted bass drum playing altogether. Jones also continued a ride rhythm on hi-hat while it was continuously opening and closing instead of the common practice of only striking it while it was closed. Jones's style influenced the modern jazz drummer's tendency to play timekeeping rhythms on a cymbal that is now known as the ride cymbal.  In 1979, Jones was inducted into the Alabama Jazz Hall of Fame for his contribution to the Birmingham, Alabama musical heritage. Jones was the 1985 recipient of an American Jazz Masters fellowship awarded by the National Endowment for the Arts.  His autobiography (as told to Albert Murray), entitled "Rifftide: The Life and Opinions of Papa Jo Jones" and based on conversations between Jones and novelist Murray from 1977 to before Jones' death in 1985, was posthumously published in 2011 by the University of Minnesota Press.  Known as Papa Jo Jones in his later years, he is sometimes confused with another influential jazz drummer, Philly Joe Jones. The two died only a few days apart.  Jones died of pneumonia in New York City at the age of 73.

Discography.

As sideman.

With Gene Ammons With Mae Barnes With Count Basie With Art Blakey With Bob Brookmeyer With Ray Bryant With Milt Buckner With Joe Bushkin With Blossom Dearie With Roy Eldridge With Duke Ellington & Johnny Hodges With Ella Fitzgerald With Freddie Green With Cass Harrison With Woody Herman With Illinois Jacquet With Thad Jones With Charles Mingus With Oscar Peterson With Paul Quinichette With Sonny Stitt With Ben Webster With Teddy Wilson With Lester Young

Jonathan David Samuel Jones (October 7, 1911 – September 3, 1985) was an American jazz drummer. A band leader and pioneer in jazz percussion, Jones anchored the Count Basie Orchestra rhythm section from 1934 to 1948. He was sometimes known as Papa Jo Jones to distinguish him from younger drummer Philly Joe Jones.

Jo Jones (7. října 1911 Chicago, Illinois, USA − 3. září 1985 New York City, New York, USA) byl americký jazzový bubeník. Od roku 1931 hrál s Lloydem Hunterem a v roce 1934 nastoupil do orchestru Count Basieho, kde s dvouletou vojenskou přestávkou působil až do roku 1948. V roce 1944 vystoupil ve filmu "Jammin' the Blues". Později vydával vlastní alba a hrál i na albech jiných interpretů, jako jsou například Coleman Hawkins, Charles Mingus nebo Oscar Peterson. V roce 2011 byla posmrtně vydána jeho autobiografie, kterou v letech 1977 až 1985 napsal se spisovatelem Albertem Murrayem. V roce 1985 získal ocenění NEA Jazz Masters.


Biography.

Born in Columbus, Ohio, United States, Edison spent his early childhood in Louisville, Kentucky, where he was introduced to music by an uncle. After moving back to Columbus at the age of twelve, the young Edison began playing the trumpet with local bands.  In 1933, he became a member of the Jeter-Pillars Orchestra in Cleveland. Afterwards, he played with the Mills Blue Rhythm Band and Lucky Millinder. In 1937, he moved to New York and joined the Count Basie Orchestra. His colleagues included Buck Clayton, Lester Young (who named him "Sweets"), Buddy Tate, Freddie Green, Jo Jones, and other original members of that famous band. In a 2003 interview for the National Museum of American History, drummer Elvin Jones explained the origin of Edison's nickname: "Sweets had so many lady friends, he was such a handsome man. He had all these girls all over him all the time, that's why they called him Sweets."  "Sweets" Edison came to prominence as a soloist with the Basie Band and as an occasional composer/arranger for the band. He also appeared in the 1944 film "Jammin' the Blues".  Edison spent thirteen years with Basie until the band was temporarily disbanded in 1950. Edison thereafter pursued a varied career as leader of his own groups, traveling with Jazz at the Philharmonic and freelancing with other orchestras. In the early 1950s, he settled on the West Coast and became a highly sought-after studio musician, making important contributions to recordings by such artists as Billie Holiday, Frank Sinatra, and Ella Fitzgerald. In 1956, he recorded the first of three albums with Ben Webster.  According to the "Encyclopedia of Jazz in the Seventies", Edison in the 1960s and 1970s continued to work in many orchestras on television shows, including "Hollywood Palace" and "The Leslie Uggams Show", specials with Frank Sinatra; prominently featured on the sound track and in the sound track album of the film, "Lady Sings the Blues". From 1973, Edison acted as Musical Director for Redd Foxx on theatre dates, at concerts, and in Las Vegas. He appeared frequently in Europe and Japan until shortly before his death. As the Los Angeles Jazz Society (LAJS) first Tribute Honoree, "Sweets" will always have a special place in the hearts of jazz fans.  Edison died at his home in Columbus, Ohio at the age of 83.  With Benny Carter With Al Grey With Jo Jones With Paul Quinichette

Harry "Sweets" Edison (October 10, 1915 – July 27, 1999) was an American jazz trumpeter and a member of the Count Basie Orchestra.

Harry „Sweets“ Edison (10. října 1915 Columbus, Ohio, USA − 27. července 1999 tamtéž) byl americký jazzový trumpetista. V roce 1933 nastoupil do orchestru, který vedli altsaxofonista James Jeter a tenorsaxofonista Hayes Pillars. V roce 1937 se přestěhoval do New Yorku a stal se členem orchestru Count Basieho, se kterým hrál do roku 1950. V roce 1944 byl jedním z hudebníků, kteří hráli ve filmu "Jammin' the Blues". Později pracoval jako studiový hudebník a hrál například na nahrávkách Franka Sinatry, Ella Fitzgeraldové nebo Billie Holiday. V roce 1992 získal ocenění NEA Jazz Masters.